cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Annual Combined Mammography and Tomosynthesis Screening: Is It Really Cost-Effective?

OBJECTIVE. Examining the comparative effectiveness of adding tomosynthesis to mammography screening in the United States would help key stakeholders, including physicians and policy makers, guide shared decision-making and recommendations for routine breast cancer screening. CONCLUSION. More robust data from U.S.-based longitudinal observational studies, clinical trials, or both are needed, along with the use of validated microsimulation models, before clinical- and cost-effectiveness of tomosynthesis screening versus mammography screening can be fully characterized.
Human Behavior Analysis from Smartphone Data Streams

In the past decade multimedia systems have started including diverse modes of data to understand complex situations and build more sophisticated models. Some increasingly common modes in multimedia are intertwined data streams from sensor modalities such as wearable/mobile, environmental, and biosensors. These data streams offer new information sources to model and predict complex world situations as well as understanding and modeling humans. This paper makes two contributions to the modeling and analysis of multimodal data in the context of user behavior analysis. First, it introduces the use of a concept lattice based data fusion technique for recognizing events. Concept lattices are very effective when enough labeled data samples are not available for supervised machine learning algorithms, but human knowledge is available to develop classification approaches for recognition. Life events encode activities of daily living, and environmental events encode states and state transitions in environmental variables. Second, it introduces a framework that detects frequent co-occurrence patterns as sequential and parallel relations among events from multiple event streams. We show the applicability of our approach in finding interesting human behavior patterns by using longitudinal mobile data collected from 23 users over 1–2 months.
The Self-Identity Protein IdsD Is Communicated between Cells in Swarming Proteus mirabilis Colonies

ABSTRACT Proteus mirabilis is a social bacterium that is capable of self (kin) versus nonself recognition. Swarming colonies of this bacterium expand outward on surfaces to centimeter-scale distances due to the collective motility of individual cells. Colonies of genetically distinct populations remain separate, while those of identical populations merge. Ids proteins are essential for this recognition behavior. Two of these proteins, IdsD and IdsE, encode identity information for each strain. These two proteins bind in vitro in an allele-restrictive manner. IdsD-IdsE binding is correlated with the merging of populations, whereas a lack of binding is correlated with the separation of populations. Key questions remained about the in vivo interactions of IdsD and IdsE, specifically, whether IdsD and IdsE bind within single cells or whether IdsD-IdsE interactions occur across neighboring cells and, if so, which of the two proteins is exchanged. Here we demonstrate that IdsD must originate from another cell to communicate identity and that this nonresident IdsD interacts with IdsE resident in the recipient cell. Furthermore, we show that unbound IdsD in recipient cells does not cause cell death and instead appears to contribute to a restriction in the expansion radius of the swarming colony. We conclude that P. mirabilis communicates IdsD between neighboring cells for nonlethal kin recognition, which suggests that the Ids proteins constitute a type of cell-cell communication. IMPORTANCE We demonstrate that self (kin) versus nonself recognition in P. mirabilis entails the cell-cell communication of an identity-encoding protein that is exported from one cell and received by another. We further show that this intercellular exchange affects swarm colony expansion in a nonlethal manner, which adds social communication to the list of potential swarm-related regulatory factors.
Efficient Processing of Distributed Twig Queries Based on Node Distribution

Massive XML data are increasingly generated for the representation, storage and exchange of web information. Twig query processing over massive XML data has become a research focus. However, most traditional algorithms cannot be directly implemented in a distributed manner. Some of the existing distributed algorithms generate a lot of useless intermediate results and execute many join operations of partial results in most cases; others require the priori knowledge of query pattern before XML partition, storage and query processing, which is impractical in the cases of large-scale data or frequent incoming new queries. To improve efficiency and scalability, in this paper, we propose a 3-phase distributed algorithm DisT3 based on node distribution mechanism to avoid unnecessary intermediate results. Furthermore, we propose a lightweight local index ReP with an enhanced XML partitioning approach using arbitrary partitioning strategy, and based on ReP we propose an improved 2-phase distributed algorithm DisT2ReP to further reduce the communication cost. After the performance guarantees are analyzed, extensive experiments are conducted to verify the efficiency and scalability of our proposed algorithms in distributed twig query applications.
The Benefit of Adjuvant Radiation in Surgically-Treated T1-2 N1 Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance The benefit of adjuvant radiation in surgically treated T1-2N1 oropharyngeal cancer without adverse pathologic features remains unclear Objectives To compare population-level survival outcomes in surgically-treated T1-2N1 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with and without the use of adjuvant radiation. Study Design Retrospective population-based study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data from 1998–2011. Setting Population-level study. Participants Patients with T1-2N1 OPSCC treated with surgical resection and neck dissection with or without adjuvant radiation. Intervention(s) for Clinical Trials or Exposure(s) for observational studies The use of postoperative adjuvant radiation. Main Outcome(s) and Measures Overall and disease-specific survival. Results Radiation was utilized in 74% of patients and was positively associated with extracapsular extension and well-differentiated histology. The use of radiation was associated with improved mean overall survival (124 v. 108 months, p=0.023) and a non-significant increase in mean disease-specific survival (138 v. 131 months, p=0.053). Conclusions and Relevance The use of adjuvant radiation is associated with improved survival in surgically-treated T1-2N1 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx with unknown HPV status. Level of Evidence IV
Older Military Veteran Care: Many Still Believe They Are Forgotten.

Background: Almost 44% of our nation’s 23 million men and women veterans are 65 years of age or older. Most are proud of their service, yet many believe their services for our country were forgotte...
Postgraduate Medical School, 1956–1960

I returned to Hammersmith Hospital in the spring of 1956 to join the new program in respiratory physiology. We had the first mass spectrometer that had been specifically designed for respiratory research. It had just been constructed there by Kemp Fowler, another Australian. We took full advantage of this to study to obtain as much information as we could from expired gas, including a measurement of ventilation-perfusion inequality in patients with lung disease. However another very exciting development soon occurred. The MRC had built a medical cyclotron at Hammersmith, and among other things it produced radioactive oxygen 15 with a half-life of only 2 min. When we inhaled this, we were astonished to find that there was a dramatic difference of pulmonary blood flow from the top to the bottom of the upright lung. This opened up the whole new area of research on the effects of gravity on the lung. One example was a calculation of the regional differences of gas exchange down the lung. An intermission at this time was that my father sent me an air ticket to make a short visit to Australia, and I decided to go and return through the United States. I visited many of the major centers working on respiratory physiology, and was duly impressed by the opportunities there.
Supported Science and Reproductive Technology to Achieve Cows Pregnancy Program Succesfully

Special efforts (UPSUS) to make cows pregnant (SIWAB) is a program to accelerate cattle population to meet the demand of animal origin food through artificial insemination or intensification of natural mating. Experience shows that a similar program that has been conducted previously was less successful. This paper aims to give some information on science, technology, and management of cattle reproduction that require attention to achieve SIWAB program successfully. Several things should be concerned for this program are: (1) Selection of fertile females and bulls; (2) Natural mating or artificial insemination (availability of semen, liquid nitrogen, supporting equipment, and inseminator); (3) Early detection of pregnancy; (4) Feed and feeding management; (5) Control of reproduction disease and other diseases; and (6) The supervision and handling of pregnant cows during and after birth. Another important thing that should be taken into account is the preparation of mating calendar so that the birth will occur during the period of abundant feed resources, and management of optimal forage and supplements to ensure good body condition of cows at the time of calving. With an understanding of science, technology, and applying reproductive management, it is expected that the targeted pregnancy cows by UPSUS program can be obtained.
Instructor Communication Behaviors and Their Relationship to Classroom Learning

This study assessed the relationship between perceived instructor communication behaviors—i.e., communicator style, disclosiveness, and interpersonal solidarity—and classroom learning. It was found...
Institutional Review Boards

Abstract Ethical guidelines, federal regulations, local laws, institutional policies and procedures, and the knowledge and integrity of researchers and research staff all contribute to promoting the protection of human subjects. Prospective review of research by institutional review boards (IRBs) provides an important assurance that the rights and welfare of human subjects are given serious consideration. This chapter focuses on: (1) the development and evolution of US federal regulations concerning research involving human subjects; (2) the roles and responsibilities of IRBs; and (3) recent policy changes and changes to federal regulations, which will promote movement toward centralization of IRB review.
Practical service allocation in mobile edge computing systems

Mobile edge computing is an emerging technology required to meet the very low latency requirement of 5G communication systems, where application resources are embedded within access networks. Edge computing resources can be deployed very close to end users, e.g., attachment points (AP). In such cases, the edge servers are likely to have a relatively smaller computing capacity than servers deeper in the network. This can be partially compensated by the density and scale of deployment of edge servers. To leverage such deployment, it is important to allocate services efficiently at the edge. For example, neighbor edge servers may serve users attached to a distant AP, as long as the network topology, usage, and edge application requirements, e.g., latency, enables it. In this context, user mobility is important. The user session with the edge should be migrated when needed to ensure that a mobile user continues to be served with a proper Quality of Service (QoS), typically linked to latency. In this paper, we study a service instance allocation algorithm focusing on maintaining QoS for end users, using service migration as a tool to achieve this goal. We propose a globally optimum allocation algorithm, derive a practical algorithm from it, and evaluate its use versus a heuristic and a reference algorithm.
Implementation of a Medication Reconciliation Process in an Internal Medicine Clinic at an Academic Medical Center

Discrepancies in medication orders at transitions of care have been shown to affect patient outcomes in a negative way. The Joint Commission recognizes the importance of medication reconciliation through their National Patient Safety Goals, with an emphasis placed on maintaining accurate medication information for each patient. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of implementing a medication reconciliation process in an internal medicine clinic at an academic medical center. A retrospective chart review of patients seen at an Internal Medicine Clinic within and Academic Medical Center, a continuity and teaching clinic for Internal Medicine residents and faculty practice clinic, was conducted. Nursing staff were educated by PharmDs to perform a standardized medication history during the triage process. Medication reconciliation data was analyzed for 3263 patients from 1 August 2014 to 27 February 2015. A total of 4479 discrepancies were found through this process, with the majority (71%) of discrepancies being medications on the list that patient was no longer taking. This project illustrated to our nursing and physician staff the need for regular thorough review of the patient medication list.
Dimensional control of defect dynamics in perovskite oxide superlattices

Point defects play a critical role in the structural, physical, and interfacial properties of perovskite oxide superlattices. However, understanding of the fundamental properties of point defects in superlattices, especially their transport properties, is rather limited. Here, we report predictions of the stability and dynamics of oxygen vacancies in $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{/}\mathrm{PbTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ oxide superlattices using first-principles calculations in combination with the kinetic Monte Carlo method. By varying the stacking period, i.e., changing of $n$ in $n\mathrm{STO}\text{/}n\mathrm{PTO}$, we discover a crossover from three-dimensional diffusion to primarily two-dimensional planar diffusion. Such planar diffusion may lead to novel designs of ionic conductors. We show that the dominant vacancy position may vary in the superlattices, depending on the superlattice structure and stacking period, contradicting the common assumption that point defects reside at interfaces. Moreover, we predict a significant increase in room-temperature ionic conductivity for 3STO/3PTO relative to the bulk phases. Considering the variety of cations that can be accommodated in perovskite superlattices and the potential mismatch of spin, charge, and orbitals at the interfaces, this paper identifies a pathway to control defect dynamics for technological applications.
The effect of walking speed on peak plantar pressure.

Background: Plantar pressure measurements often are used as a tool to evaluate pathologic gait. Previous studies, often done at self-selected walking speeds, have used peak plantar pressure to try to predict ulcer formation, compare surgical outcomes, and evaluate orthotic device efficacy. However, the relationship between walking speed and plantar pressures at specific plantar regions has not been clearly defined. Methods: Twenty normal subjects walked on a treadmill at six speeds (0.75 to 2.00 m/s). In-shoe peak plantar pressure was measured at five plantar regions and compared across the range of speeds. Results: Walking speed affected peak plantar pressure differently at the five examined plantar regions. The hallux and heel regions had the highest pressures, which increased linearly with faster speeds. The central and medial forefoot pressures initially increased but plateaued at the faster speeds, while the lateral forefoot had the lowest overall peak pressures, which decreased at the faster walking...
Two Ways to Think About Race: Reflections on the Id, the Ego, and Other Reformist Theories of Equal Protection

The purpose of this Essay is two-fold: first, to recall Critical Race Theory to its materialist roots and second, to encourage it to consider making common cause with the incipient movement for economic democracy. I begin by demonstrating, through examples and argument, that idealist theories like [Professor Charles R.] Lawrence's, which explain racial dynamics in terms of thoughts, words, and internal urges, are analytically incomplete. I will then argue that attending to the material side of race and racism confers a number of benefits, while at the same time avoiding numerous drawbacks associated with the idealist approach. Finally, I will demonstrate that the approach I have recommended enhances the analysis of certain recurring social problems.
“DER SIEG DER WISSENSCHAFT ÜBER DIE ZEIT” (Stern, 1987, February 26, p. 30)

The title is unfair. I apologize. But I simply could not resist using it. It means in translation: THE TRIUMPH OF SCIENCE OVER TIME. How could one possibly find a better title to serve as the banner for a summary chapter on the study of the temporal organization of speech? The irony is that the statement is to be found in an advertisement for a new Christian Dior product for the renewal of milady’s aging skin. But even the ironic actuality fits; for time and gerontology are two of those few basic facts of life -- and death -- that science most certainly does not triumph over.
Local heat transfer for subcooled flow boiling with water

In this paper, local heat transfer coefficients are predicted for turbulent water subcooled flow boiling through uniformly heated circular tubes. Correlations by Petukhov and by Shah are modified slightly. however, the correlation suggested by Kandlikar is improved significantly by requiring that it approach more accurate limits near the onset of fully developed boiling and the onset of nucleate boiling for subcooled flow. Excellent agreement is obtained with data corresponding to conditions of high inlet subcooling (183[degrees]C), high mass velocity (4.4 to 31.5 Mg/m[sup 2][center dot]s), and a large ratio of the axial coordinate to the diameter (95.5). The exit subcooling varies from 53.0 to 81.5[degrees]C. For smaller ratios ([lt]50.0), the accuracy decreases. In all cases, the local film temperature is the characteristic temperature. When the associated critical heat flux (CHF) data are examined in a Stanton number-Peclet number space, St [lt] 0.0065 and Pe [gt] 10[sup 5] in all cases. Comparisons with the Saha-Zuber criterion for bubble detachment show that moderately subcooled and high-velocity flows re characterized by a multiboundary layer phenomenon that includes an attached bubble layer. These results show that the bubble layer's existence can now be documented for a wide variety of fluids and conditions without flowmore » visualizations.« less
The Genetic Mechanism of Viruses

The foregoing discussion of the phylogeny of tRNAs clearly indicates that the genetic mechanism had existed in living things prior to the advent of the prokaryotes. Thus the latter group per se throws very little light upon the origins and early evolution of the nucleic acids and other prominent features used in inheritance. To gain an understanding of those matters the search must be continued elsewhere: An exploration into the genetic processes in viruses may at least suggest models of the early events, even if not firm evidence of particular occurrence.
Brain mitochondria. V. Incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipids in bovine brain mitochondria.

Abstract The incorporation of labeled palmitate into phospholipids in bovine brain mitochondria was compared with fatty acid oxidation under various experimental conditions. The rate of incorporation of palmitate into phospholipids proceeded at 20 to 25% of the rate of palmitate oxidation under optimal conditions and required exogenous adenosine triphosphate and coenzyme A. The addition of coenzyme A was not necessary for fatty acid oxidation. In the presence of ATP, the incorporation into phospholipids was not affected by cyanide, dinitrophenol, or oligomycin, although these agents inhibited fatty acid oxidation. In the absence of exogenous nucleotides, oligomycin inhibited the incorporation of palmitate into phospholipids and stimulated palmitate oxidation. A preincubation with glucose and hexokinase decreased the incorporation of palmitate into phospholipids to a greater extent than palmitate oxidation. The addition of oligomycin after the preincubation further inhibited the incorporation into phospholipids but reversed the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. These results indicate that in brain mitochondria ATP is necessary for the activation of fatty acids before incorporation into phospholipids and that high energy intermediates are not involved. It is suggested that the activation of fatty acids before oxidation or esterification may involve different energy sources and that these two metabolic processes may occur in separate compartments of the mitochondrion.
Channel Alternation and Rotation for Trisectorized Cellular Systems

Conventional trisectored cellular systems have not taken full advantages of antenna directivities to enhance frequency reuse efficiency. A novel Channel Alternation and Rotation (CAR) scheme is proposed to coordinate channel assignments with antenna directivities. CAR employs a multi-interval cell-reuse layout. Each cell type is allocated extra channel set(s) to provide network designers the flexibility to assign channels avoiding nearest front lobe interference to enhance the carrier to interference ratio (C/I). CAR allows deployment of smaller and non-integer reuse factors based on C/I requirements, thus increasing channel capacity. Since current base station equipment is utilized, no additional costs are introduced.
Recent Developments in Semiclassical Mechanics: Eigenvalues and Reaction Rate Constants

A semiclassical treatment of eigenvalues for a multidimensional non-separable potential function and of the rate constant for a chemical reaction with an activation barrier is presented. Both phenomena are seen to be described by essentially the same semiclassical formalism, which is based on a construction of the total Hamiltonian in terms of the complete set of “good” action variables (or adiabatic invariants) associated with the minimum in the potential energy surface for the eigenvalue case, or the saddle point in the potential energy surface for the case of chemical reaction.
Investigation of association between environmental and socioeconomic factors and preterm birth in California

Abstract Background Preterm birth (PTB), 2 defined as birth at gestational age Objectives To evaluate association between environmental and socioeconomic factors and PTB in California. Methods We linked the birth cohort file maintained by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development from 2009 to 2012 years across 1.8 million births and the CalEnviroScreen 3.0 dataset from California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool at the census tract level for 56 California counties. CalEnviroScreen contains 7 exposure and 5 environmental effects variables that constitute the Pollution Burden variable, and 5 socioeconomic variables. We evaluated relationships between environmental exposures and the risk of PTB using hierarchical clustering analyses and GIS-based visualization. We also used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between specific pollutant and exposure indicators and PTB, accounted for socio-demographic determinants such as maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, maternal education and payment of delivery costs. Results There exists geographic variability in PTB for groups of counties with similar environmental and social exposure profiles. We found an association between Pollution Burden, particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and Drinking Water Scores and PTB (adjusted odds ratios were 1.03 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 1.04), 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02,1.04), and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03,1.05), respectively). Additional findings suggest that certain drinking water contaminants such as arsenic and nitrate are associated with PTB in California. Conclusions CalEnviroScreen data combined with birth records offer great opportunity for revealing novel exposures and evaluating cumulative exposures related to PTB by providing useful environmental and social information. Certain drinking water contaminants such as arsenic and nitrate are potentially associated with PTB in California and should be investigated further. Small association signals may involve sizeable population impacts.
Tidal and spatial variability of flow speed and seismicity near the grounding zone of Beardmore Glacier, Antarctica

GPS measurements of tidal modulation of ice flow and seismicity within the grounding zone of Beardmore Glacier show that tidally induced fluctuations of horizontal flow are largest near the grounding line and decrease downstream. Seismic activity is continuous, but peaks occur on falling and rising tides. Beamforming methods reveal that most seismic events originate from two distinct locations, one on the grid-north side of the grounding zone, and one on the grid-south side. The broad pattern of deformation generated as Beardmore Glacier merges with the Ross Ice Shelf results in net extension along the grid-north side of the grounding zone and net compression along the grid-south side. During falling tides, seismic activity peaks on both sides because of increased vertical flexure across the grounding line. During rising tides, seismic activity in the region of extension on the grid-north side is relatively low because the tidal influence on both horizontal strain rate and vertical flexure is small. On the grid-south side during rising tides, however, tidally induced horizontal strain rates promote increased seismicity in regions of long-term compressional flow paths. Our study highlights how concurrent geodetic and seismic measurements provide insight into grounding-zone mechanics and their influence on ice-shelf buttressing.
Infratentorial Glioblastoma Metastasis to Bone.

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapid-growing central nervous system neoplasm. We report a case of GBM with extensive intramedullary lumbar drop metastasis and highly unusual osseous spine metastasis from a primary infratentorial GBM occurring 10 years after the initial diagnosis, which to our knowledge has not been described previously. Case Description This 37-year-old man presented with new-onset headaches of increasing severity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the left superior temporal lobe with adjacent edema. The lesion was initially biopsied in December 2006 and diagnosed as GBM (World Health Organization grade IV) with characteristic features of a highly cellular infiltrating glial neoplasm with nuclear pleomorphism, abundant microvascular proliferation, and abundant necrosis with pseudopalisading nuclei. Ki-67 immunostaining revealed that 15%–20% tumor cell nuclei were positive, indicating a high proliferative index. Histologically, this neoplasm demonstrated characteristic “cell wrapping.” Immunoreactivity was variably but strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein in neoplastic cells. In 2018, additional MRI revealed disease throughout the spine and bone biopsy of the thoracic spine showed the same glial neoplasm with primitive neuroectodermal tumor–like components (GBM-PNET). Conclusions This case is meant to highlight that, although rare, infratentorial GBM-PNET has a higher frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation and may metastasize to the spine years after the initial diagnosis despite the likely better prognosis.
DNA damage and repair scenario in ameloblastoma.

Abstract Ameloblastoma is a rare human disease of benign neoplasm odontogenic tumor with a lower prevalence but higher recurrence rate. Etiology of ameloblastoma is not fully understood thus lacks implementation of curative treatments. One of the proposed models of evolution of ameloblastoma is related to alteration in DNA damage and repair effects. Growing body of literature has associated defect in DNA damage and repair mechanisms with cancer risk and various adverse health outcomes in humans. Persistent defect of repair and escape of these genomic unstable cells from cell death mechanisms can contribute towards accumulation of oncogene driver or tumor suppressor mutations selective for malignant transformations. In addition, growth, progression and survival of tumor depends upon its DNA repair mechanisms too, thus identifying a DNA repair biomarker can be of advantageous to eliminate the tumor. Understanding the interconnection of oral lesion and role of various DNA repair mechanisms in context to ameloblastoma will assist to build up a platform for translational based research. This study is a literature review of research work published up to date in the field of ameloblastoma in regard to DNA damage and repair effects.
Dielectrophoresis Based Sensor for Heparin Detection

We demonstrate a rapid and low-cost method to detect the concentration of heparin using dielectrophoresis and image processing to measure the frequency dependent velocity of functionalized polystyrene microspheres with heparin, due to the gradient of electric field produced by interdigitated electrodes.
Characterizing Olefin Selectivity and Stability of Silver Salts in Ionic Liquids Using Inverse Gas Chromatography.

Separation systems utilizing silver(I) ion-olefin complexation have limitations since silver(I) ions can be poisoned or reduced to metallic silver. Ionic liquids (ILs) are used as solvents for silver(I) ions to facilitate separations since their physico-chemical properties can be easily tuned. To develop separation systems with sustainable olefin selectivity, factors that affect silver(I) ion stability need to be understood. In this study, a total of 13 silver salt/IL mixtures were examined by inverse gas chromatography to identify the effects of silver salt anion and IL cation/anion combination on silver(I) ion stability. The effects of temperature and three different exposure gases on silver(I) ion stability were systematically studied. Exposing silver salt/IL mixtures to hydrogen at high temperatures had a greater effect on decreasing silver(I) ion-olefin complexation. Silver(I) ions from the silver bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([NTf2-]) salt were more stable in [NTf2-]-containing ILs than in [BF4-]-containing ILs. Optimum mixtures exhibited high olefin selectivity and were stable beyond 90 h when exposed to hydrogen gas.
A comprehensive analysis of SNPs and CNVs identifies novel markers associated with disease outcomes in colorectal cancer

We aimed to examine the associations of a genome-wide set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 254 copy number variations (CNVs) and/or insertion/deletions (INDELs) with clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients (n = 505). We also aimed to investigate whether their associations changed (e.g., appeared, diminished) over time. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and piece-wise Cox regression models were used to examine the associations. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were used for replication purposes and to examine the gene expression differences between tumor and nontumor tissue samples. A common SNP (WBP11-rs7314075) was associated with disease-specific survival with P-value of 3.2 × 10-8 . Association of this region with disease-specific survival was also detected in the TCGA patient cohort. Two expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were identified in this locus that were implicated in the regulation of ERP27 expression. Interestingly, expression levels of ERP27 and WBP11 were significantly different between colorectal tumors and nontumor tissues. Three SNPs predicted the risk of recurrent disease only after 5 years postdiagnosis. Overall, our study identified novel variants, one of which also showed an association in the TCGA dataset, but no CNVs/INDELs, that associated with outcomes in colorectal cancer. Three SNPs were candidate predictors of long-term recurrence/metastasis risk.
The Troubled Tower

Excerpt] Buildings are constructed for certain purposes, and the buildings of today are more practical, from the standpoint of the man who is in them than the older buildings. [...] We are considering effort and convenience much more than appearance or effect. -Raymond Hood, architect of Rockefeller Center Roark looked across the river at the shell of the unfinished building on an unusually cold April morning in Metropolis. The building, originally designed to be the signature property of an elite hotel company, sat partially finished on the south bank of the Metropolis River. As Roark looked at the building, questions raced through his mind: Was the unfinished building an opportunity or just a waiting nightmare? If his company purchased the building, how should it be completed and as what?
Chapter 11 Development of white adipose tissue lipid metabolism1

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the development of white adipose tissue, the key metabolic pathways that provide the primary functions of adipose tissue, the storage and mobilization of energy. There are two types of adipose tissue in mammals, white and brown. The brown adipocyte is a specialized cell for generation of heat. It has multiple lipid droplets—namely, stores of triacylglycerol (TG), and also a large number of mitochondria to oxidize long-chain fatty acids (FAs) mobilized from TG. White adipose tissue develops rapidly after birth in those species with limited depots. Adipose tissue growth is a combination of cell proliferation coupled with differentiation and cell hypertrophy. Proliferation is a property of the undifferentiated preadipocyte and is predominant in neonatal development. Preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes with subsequent growth of the adipocyte, increase in mass of the tissue being the result of accumulation of triacylglycerol in a large central intracellular lipid droplet. The source of these fatty acids is from the diet and immediately from circulating lipoproteins coupled with fatty acids released from the adipocyte by lipolysis, the breakdown of adipocyte triacylglycerol.
Research-supported best practices for developing online learning

An analysis was conducted of the body of research studies on best practice in asynchronous or synchronous online instruction in higher education. The analysis used specific research design criteria and categorized studies by the type of theory used, such as creation of typologies. Many studies had flaws in research design and generally were pre-experimental case studies. Those studies most closely meeting the research criteria indicate online learning is viable and identify potential best practices in four categories: student behaviors, faculty-student interactions, technology support, and learning environment.
An autoradiographic investigation of epithelium-egg interaction in the mouse oviduct.

Abstract Evidence for a zygote-epithelium interaction was found in the mouse oviduct with the use of 3 H-thymidine as an indicator of cell turnover rate. A decrease in label uptake into the oviduct epithelium of superovulated, artificially inseminated mice was observed to occur in those areas of the epithelium in the vicinity of a cleaving ovum. It is suggested that this decrease represents a switching of cell activity from deoxyribonucleic acid replication in preparation for cell division to a functional state such as production of a needed secretory component for the zygote.
Organocobalt cluster complexes : XIV. The reduction of formyl- and acyl-methylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl complexes to the respective alkylidyne- and hydroxyalkylidyne-tricobalt nonacarbonyls by triethylsilane☆

Abstract The action of triethylsilane/trifluoroacetic acid in THF on (OC)9Co3CC(O)R (R = alkyl or aryl) resulted in reduction to the respective (OC)9Co3CCH2R complexes. Reduction of these ketones to the respective alcohol, (OC)9Co3CCH(OH)R, could be affected by treating them with triethylsilane in refluxing benzene and then pouring the reaction product into concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrolyzing the solution thus formed.
Gender, Feedback, and Decision Making: How Men and Women Differ on the Use of Computerized Feedback?

This study examines the impact of gender on the utilization of computerized feedback. By comparing the decision making process of men and women using a computer-based managerial decision system, the results of this study show that women use the feedback provided by their systems more effectively. This is relevant to HCI’s focus on the ways humans interact with information, technologies, and tasks. In particular, this study explores the production decision making process of men and women using a computer-based managerial decision system.
Wizard—An experiment to measure the cosmic rays including anto‐protons, positrons, nuclei and to conduct a search for primordial antimatter

The WiZard experiment will utilize the Astromag magnet facility onboard space station Freedom to explore the composition and energy spectra of low‐Z comsic rays. Particular emphasis will be placed on a search for primordial antimatter and measurement of antiproton and positron fluxes at energies up to 400 GeV. In this paper we present the scientific goals and rationale; we describe the experimental method and summarize the present status of the WiZard project.
Immigrant redistribution and life course trigger events: Evidence from US interstate migration

Our focus in this paper is on the impact of life course trigger events demonstrates that the life course theoretical perspective provides relevant explanations for immigrant interstate relocation decisions in the United States (US). Utilizing longitudinal individual- and family-level migration, human capital, and life course transition data from the 1996-1999 and 2001-2003 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation, integrated with state economic conditions and immigrant co-ethnic population concentration data, we apply a discrete-time event history approach to estimate departure relocation decision models for immigrants. The results provide evidence that family life course trigger events exert independent and more robust effects on the redistribution of immigrants than alternative individual and family-level human capital explanations.
Development of small, tapered stator helical magnetic flux compression generators

For some applications of magnetic flux compression generators, shorter pulse widths, with associated higher voltages and power level, are required. We have developed a family of small, tapered stator generators that begin to address these applications. Specifically, the three versions of these FCGs developed use stator angles of 10/spl deg/, 12/spl deg/, and 13/spl deg/ with respect to the generator axis. The armature diameter is 2.54 cm, and the armature expansion ration is about 2:1. The shortest pulse, in terms of full-width-half-maximum (FWHM), produced is 398 ns in the current derivative. The peak value for dl/dt is about 3.5 x 10/sup 10 /amps/sec.
Numerical modeling of radio wave scattering from meteor head plasma

We have developed a 3-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) model of scattering of radar waves from meteor head plasma. The model was developed with the goal of better characterizing meteor observations in ground-based High-Power, Large Aperture (HPLA) radars; in particular, the relationship between the measured radar cross section (RCS) and the physical properties of the meteor plasma. This relationship was characterized by Close et al [2004, Icarus 168] using an analytical expression of the radio wave scattering in the meteor plasma; however, our numerical model eliminates a number of assumptions that were made in that work, including the requirement that the meteor is small compared to the radar wavelength.
Strategies for Electronic Commerce and the Internet

From the Publisher: This book offers a novel approach for analyzing and developing business strategies for the Internet and electronic commerce. The topics addressed include how to predict which firms will be successful, how a manager should respond to competitors who adopt the Internet and electronic commerce, and how a company can obtain a competitive advantage in times of intense competition and proliferating information technology. The book uses case studies (including Dell Computer, Cisco Systems. Charles Schwab, and Merrill Lynch) and develops a dynamic resource-based model of strategy.
Cardiac rupture following blunt trauma

Cardiac rupture is the most extreme manifestation of blunt cardiac injury. In the first half of the 20th century this lesion was uniformly fatal. Since the first successful post-traumatic cardiorrhaphy by Desforges in 1955, multiple case reports and retrospective reviews have documented successful operative repair and survival of patients with this injury. Despite these successes, blunt cardiac rupture remains associated with a high mortality rate. The rarity of this condition and the heterogeneity of the literature make determination of exact epidemiologic data difficult. The classic clinical presentation is not universal and a subset of patients may present asymptomatically. Rapid transportation to medical care, accurate timely diagnosis and emergent operative intervention are essential for successful outcome. The use of ultrasonography in the trauma bay is a key component of early identification of these injuries. Specific outcome factors associated with survival are difficult to determine and even in ...
The Role of the Upper Airway in Contributing to Respiratory Responses during Experimental Seizures in Piglets

ABSTRACT: Recent data demonstrating stimulation of respiration during seizures are at odds with the frequent clinical finding of respiratory impairment in patients with generalized seizures. To determine the role of the upper airway in contributing to these clinical observations, a study was performed in 12 weanling piglets. An arterial catheter and epidural electrodes were placed in ketamineanesthetized piglets. In intact piglets, all airflow was measured through a snug-fitting nasal mask whereas pressure was measured with a subglottic catheter. Tracheostomized piglets had airflow and pressure measured at the trachea. Seizures were induced with i.v. injections of pentylenetetrazol. Peak inspiratory flow resistance was calculated by averaging three epochs of five to seven consecutive breaths. Epochs of greater than 20 s in duration with a tidal volume of – 2 cm H2O and obstructive when < – 10 cm H2O. After 20 min of untreated seizures, intact piglets had significant respiratory and metabolic acidosis, whereas tracheostomized piglets had significant increases in Ve and mild metabolic acidosis. Apnea and obstruction were observed frequently in intact piglets. Resistance was unchanged during seizures in tracheostomized piglets, whereas a nearly 4-fold increase in inspiratory resistance was observed in intact piglets. We conclude that upper airway patency and resistances are important determinants of respiratory responses during generalized seizures in piglets.
HORMONAL INFLUENCES IN DEVELOPMENTAL LEARNING DISABILITIES

Developmental language and learning disabilities in children can take many different forms and can result from a variety of causes. Research to date has focused primarily on specific disabilities in learning, which are characterized by a significant delay or disorder in one aspect of learning against a background of otherwise normal development. Learning disabilities affecting language and/or reading acquisition (developmental dysphasia and dyslexia) have been studied most thoroughly. Verbal learning disabilities occur more frequently in boys than in girls, and there is a higher than expected incidence of left-handedness among affected children. Although there are many reasons why a child may have delayed or disordered language development, differential diagnosis of specific developmental language or reading disorders calls for ruling out mental retardation, peripheral auditory or visual dysfunction, autism, frank neurological impairments such as hemiplegia or seizure disorder, and severe social deprivation or lack of educational opportunity. The typical profile of a developmentally dysphasic or dyslexic child is one who shows a marked discrepancy between nonverbal (performance) IQ and verbal IQ, with a history of delayed or disordered speech, language and/or reading development. Such a child usually performs quite normally on visual spatial tasks, while demonstrating severe deficits in tasks of auditory temporal processing, motor sequencing, phonological processing and memory, language, reading and spelling. This characteristic neuropsychological profile may suggest left hemisphere dysfunction or a failure to develop normal cerebral lateralization. The etiology of these developmental learning disorders is unknown, but there is evidence of familial aggregation, indicating a potential genetic basis. Although these children respond to remediation, longitudinal studies have shown that the symptoms often persist into adulthood (see Tallal, 1988, for a more detailed discussion).
Problem Formulation within Open-ended Problems: Looking through the Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) and Novice-Expert (NE) Frameworks

Abstract Problem formulation is integral to successful problem solving. To introduce problem formulation in first-year engineering classrooms, we utilize model-eliciting-activities (MEAs) – a client-driven engineering problems which guide students individually through problem formulation by asking three questions: Q1) “Who is the client?”, Q2) “In one or two sentences, what does the client need?, and Q3)”Describe at least two issues that need to be considered when developing a solution for the client.” The structure-behavior-function and novice-expert frameworks were used to analyse student responses before and after formal instruction on problem formulation was introduced. Student responses showed improvement with formal instruction.
Micromechanical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Chain-Mail Armor

The microstructure of chain-mail (CM) armor consists of a network of small links that are connected together to form a sheet. A network-type model, amenable to straightforward numerical simulation, is formulated, where the links are modeled as supporting only axial (tensile) loading, and where the interconnections are idealized as three-dimensional frictionless pin-joints. Because of its use as a ballistic shield, the strain-rate dependent thermo-mechanical (viscoplastic) response is important, due to thermal softening. The philosophy behind the proposed direct modeling approach is to harness the dramatic increases in readily available scientific computing to simulate realistic responses of structural CM, by starting directly at the microscale, where relatively simple description of the material is possible. By employing enough of these simple structural elements, one can build an entire macroscale sheet of CM. The deformation of the CM is dictated by solving a (“link-coupled”) system of differential equations for the motion of the interconnected masses. Large-scale simulations, illustrating the thermomechanical response of chain-mail material armor, undergoing impact with a rigid indenter, are presented to illustrate the potential of the approach in delivering realistic responses, involving dynamic rupture and penetration of structural CM.