cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Green Make You Greedy or Does it Make You Go Green? The Influence of Green Color Primes on Consumers’ Promotion Preferences

Drawing upon associational priming models, we examine the influence exerted by incidental exposure to the color green on consumers’ promotional preferences. Green color primes are theorized to activate self-related associations, increasing preferences for discount promotions (which benefit the consumer through price savings) versus donation promotions (which benefit others by generating charitable contributions). Results from three studies support this ability of green color primes to influence consumer preferences for discount promotions by systematically altering the salience of self- versus other-related cognitions. Our results also introduce contingencies into this influence of green color primes that are consistent with the potential for green to increase the salience of sustainability-related associations. Specifically, the influence of green color primes on promotional preferences was eliminated for individuals who hold strong environmental (or green) consumption values as well as when an environmental charity was featured as part of the donation promotion. Theoretically, this research significantly contributes to our understanding of the non-conscious influence exerted by green color primes on consumption decisions. Because marketers have full control over the background colors they employ in developing promotional materials, these findings also hold important implications for firms seeking to maximize purchase rates associated with their promotional strategies.
Mycobacterium avium complex inclusions mimicking Gaucher's cells.

To the Editor: A 37-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage renal disease who had received a second cadaveric kidney transplant four years earlier presented w...
Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis

Objective Vision loss and cerebrovascular accidents often complicate giant cell arteritis (GCA). Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy reduce the risk of stroke in other populations. We sought to determine whether antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy reduces ischemic complications in patients with GCA. Methods A retrospective chart review for patients with GCA was conducted. Included patients fulfilled modified 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria for GCA. Collected information included demographic data, dates of antiplatelet or anticoagulant use, vision loss or stroke, and presence of bleeding complications and cerebrovascular risk factors. Results A total of 143 patients were included with a mean followup period of 4 years. The cohort included 109 women (76%) and 34 men (24%) with a mean age of 71.8 years. A total of 104 patients (73%) had a biopsy-proven diagnosis. Eighty-six patients (60.1%) had received long-term antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, including 18 (12.6%) who did not start therapy until after an ischemic event had occurred. Antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants were not used in 57 patients (39.9%). Overall, 11 of 68 patients (16.2%) had an ischemic event while receiving antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, compared with 36 of 75 patients (48.0%) not receiving such therapy (P < 0.0005). Univariate analysis failed to show a statistical difference between groups in regard to cerebrovascular risk factors, age, sex, or biopsy-proven diagnosis. Bleeding complications occurred in 2 patients receiving aspirin, 1 patient receiving warfarin, and 5 patients who did not receive anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. Conclusion Antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy may reduce the risk of ischemic events in patients with GCA. An increased risk of bleeding complications was not observed.
Is it harder to factor a polynomial or to find a root

For a computable field F, the splitting set S is the set of polynomials p(X) ∈ F[X] which factor over F, and the root set R is the set of polynomials with roots in F. Work by Frohlich and Shepherdson essentially showed these two sets to be Turing-equivalent, surprising many mathematicians since it is not obvious how to compute S from R. We apply other standard reducibilities from computability theory, along with a healthy dose of Galois theory, to compare the complexity of these two sets. We show, in contrast to the Turing equivalence, that for algebraic fields the root set has slightly higher complexity: both are computably enumerable, and computable algebraic fields always have S ≤ 1 R, but it is possible to make R ≰ m S. So the root set may be viewed as being more difficult than the splitting set to compute.
Prevalence of maternal obesity in an urban center.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changing prevalence of maternal obesity in an urban center. Study Design: The prevalence of obesity in 31,542 pregnancies from January 1986 to December 1996 (group 1) was compared with the prevalence of obesity in 15,600 pregnancies between January 1997 and June 2001 (group 2). Maternal weight was divided into two groups according to measurements performed at delivery (≤200 pounds and >200 pounds). Women who weighed ≥200 pounds were divided into subgroups for analysis (201–250 pounds, 251–300 pounds, and >300 pounds). The incidence of obesity by weight group was evaluated for a change over time; the impact of race and socioeconomic status was analyzed. A probability value of Results: Maternal obesity was significantly more common in group 2 (>200 pounds: 28% vs 21%; relative risk, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3–1.4; 201–250 pounds: 20% vs 16%; relative risk, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2–1.3; 251–300 pounds: 5.5% vs 3.7%; relative risk, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.6; >300 pounds: 1.6% vs 1.2%; relative risk, 1.4; 95% CI,1.2–1.7; P 200 pounds, 28.1%; 201–250 pounds, 20.5%; 251–300 pounds, 5.5%; and >300 pounds, 2.1%). The prevalence of obesity increased most among African American women (>200 pounds: 35% vs 25%; relative risk, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.4–1.5; 201–250 pounds: 25% vs 18%; relative risk, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3–1.5; 251–300 pounds: 7.3% vs 4.6%; relative risk, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4–1.6; >300 pounds: 2.7% vs 1.8%; relative risk, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9; P 200 pounds: 6.8% vs 11%; relative risk, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9; P P >.05; 251–300 pounds: 0.6% vs 1%; relative risk, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1–2.9; P >.05; >300 pounds: 0.0% vs 0.3%). The increase in weight over time remained statistically significant after being controlled in multivariate analysis for socioeconomic status and race. Women with milder obesity (201–250 pounds prepregnancy weight) were at increased risk for preeclampsia, gestational and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, advanced gestational age (≥42 weeks), fetal macrosomia, and cesarean delivery ( P Conclusion: Obesity that complicates pregnancy has increased significantly over the past 15 years. The risk of perinatal complications increases with increasing maternal pregravid weight; even those women with moderate obesity are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:1189–93.)
Lipids of Halobacterium cutirubrum.

Cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum contain about 2% of total lipids (including pigments) on a salt-free, dry weight basis. Almost all of the lipids (93%) are phosphatides, the remainder being carotenoid pigments. The phosphatide components are unusual in that they contain almost no fatty acid ester groups, but instead appear to have long-chain alkyl groups joined by ether linkages to glycerol. Most of the phosphatide fraction (73%) consists of a single component which is believed to be a long-chain ether analogue of diphosphatidyl glycerol. Small amounts of lecithin, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl glycerol also appear to be present.
Design and implementation of a machine for the production of potato chips

The following project shows the development and implementation of a machine to automatize the production process of potato chips, departing on the fact that there are small industries based on the product that has rustic manufacturing methods, being sometimes inefficient representing risks. for the operator such like: burns with oil, cut by the handling of sharp implements, among others. For this reason a machine was designed and implemented composed by three stages of production: peeled, sliced and. fried, controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). For the integration of each of its sections it was necessary made adjustments of the initial design, modifying the structural and electronic design. Finally, to validate the efficiency of the automated machine, there were performed tests of functionality and time of execution.
Nutrients and Metal Contaminants Status of Urban Stormwater Ponds

ABSTRACT Stormwater detention ponds are one of the management options designed to reduce pollution of the receiving water bodies by urban runoff. Many such structures are operated in the Greater Toronto Area. A seasonal survey of four stormwater detention ponds was conducted to estimate the inventories of heavy metals and phosphorus in bottom and suspended sediments. The concentrations of heavy metals in suspended and bottom sediments suggest that land use has the most profound impact on the quality of suspended and deposited sediments, with the pond in an industrial/commercial catchment having the highest metals concentrations, followed by ponds located in the residential catchments. The suspended and bottom sediments data suggest that the removal of heavy metals in these reservoirs may not be adequate. Apart from land use, the magnitude of runoff and seasonal conditions impacted the sediment and water quality in these ponds. The deleterious effects of restricted water circulation during the dry summer c...
Gas-generating systems in acute renal allograft rejection in the rat. Co-induction of heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase.

Gases are now viewed as biologic messengers, and in this regard, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are incriminated in signaling processes in neural tissue. Carbon monoxide is generated by heme oxygenase (HO), an enzyme inducible by heme, cytokines, and oxidative stress and considered an antioxidant response; nitric oxide is generated by nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme also inducible by cytokines. Since mononuclear cells infiltrate the acutely rejecting kidney, and foster within the kidney oxidative stress and a cytokine-enriched milieu, we examined the expression of these enzymes in acute renal allograft rejection (AR) (Brown Norway kidney to a Lewis rat ; n=17) and in control isografts (Lewis kidney to a Lewis rat ; n=17). No immunosuppressives were used. We found marked induction of HO mRNA and protein in renal allografts at day 5 after transplantation. Prominent expression of HO protein, as detected by immunofluorescence, was observed in the mononuclear cells infiltrating the renal allograft. More than 80% of these cells were macrophages, as identified by positive staining with ED1 antibody. ED1 + cells were rare in isografts and did not stain for HO. We also found co-expression of mRNA and protein for the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in AR at day 5 after transplantation. Induction of HO and iNOS may reflect the cellular effect of diverse cytokines elaborated in the rejecting kidney. HO may enable the macrophage to degrade heme-containing proteins released from erythrocytes and other damaged cells ; alternatively, induction of HO may defend the macrophage against oxidant injury. Increased nitric oxide, as a result of iNOS activity, may antagonize the vasoconstrictive effects of a number of mediators (i.e., thromboxane and endothelin) present in acute rejection ; conversely, nitric oxide may prove cytotoxic through a number of recognized effects. Our studies provide the first demonstration of the induction of HO in the rejecting renal allograft as well as the first demonstration in vivo for the induction of HO in macrophages at the site of an inflammatory response. Such expression, linked as it is to the expression of iNOS, indicates that the macrophage mimics the behavior of neural cells by generating these gaseous messengers ; thus, neural cells are not alone in deploying these mediators. Through a number of effects, these products of HO and iNOS may influence the nature and severity of tissue injury in AR.
Comparison of Tibial Plateau Angles in Normal and Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifles of Labrador Retrievers

Objective— To investigate tibial plateau angles (TPA) in normal and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifles of Labrador retrievers. Study Design— Prospective clinical study. Animals— Eighty-one client-owned purebred Labrador retrievers. Methods— Lateral radiographs of the tibia were obtained from 2 groups of dogs. Group I (42 dogs) had CCL rupture diagnosed by arthrotomy or arthroscopy. Group II (39 dogs) had no history of orthopedic problems, no radiographic evidence of CCL rupture, and dogs were >8 years of age. The tibial axis and the tibial plateau were determined on the radiographs, and the TPA was measured using image measurement software. The TPA measurement results of groups I and II were compared. Results— Group I (CCL rupture) had a mean TPA (±SD) of 23.5 (±3.1) degrees, and group II (normal) had a mean TPA (±SD) of 23.6 (±3.5) degrees. With a P value of .97, no statistical difference was detected between the 2 groups. Conclusions— No correlation between the magnitude of TPA and CCL rupture was identified in this group of Labrador retrievers. Clinical Relevance— In Labrador retrievers, TPA should not be used as a predictor of CCL rupture.
A NEW USE FOR THE IBM PUNCH CARD

Summary.-It is argued that the IBM card is the best "file card" available for constructing a personalized reference system that is inexpensive and flexible enough to allow for constant revisions of materials while providing a means of automating the inforrna-ion retrieval process. The advantages of utilizing the IBM card for such a purpose are presented, followed by an example of its use in a reference system developed for writing books. Whether he is writing a book or simply keeping track of relevant literature citations for teaching and personal reference, each academician (or any person in a professional occupation) is faced with determining the most effective means for filing units of information for later recall. These units of information can range from a meticulo~~sly assembled bibliography to random ideas generated in the midst of a work day--all, however, should be filed in a manner to ensure their accurate and rapid retrieval when needed. Further, such a referencing system should be inexpensive and flexible eno~lgh to allow for constant revisions; and, if possible, be developed w3th an eye to ultimate automation of the retrieval process. It is the contention of this writer, after extensive experience with several filing systems, that the standard IBM card provides the cheapest, most convenient and readily "automatable" building block in constructing an information retrieval system available for home and/or office use. The advantages of utilizing the IBM card for such a puspose will be presented, followed by an example of its use in a reference system developed for writing a book. The psychological principle of functional fixedness seems to explain the reason why most individ~~zls utilize IBM cards for feeding numbers into computers and stop there. This writer first became aware of the other advantages such cards provide when he observed several colleagues utilizing them as scratch paper and reminder notes. This awareness was reinforced when IBM cards were utilized for printing large quantities of messages to Ss in a psychological experiment (Karlins, 1967; Karlins 8: Schroder, 1967). At this point, the automation possibilities of the cards became obvious. Finally, in co~nparing IBM cards with other types of "file cards" the advantages of the former over the latter were undeniable. Some of these advantages are listed below: (1) Expense: Any institutions (university, business firm, etc.) utilizing computers (including those institutions that do not have computer installations but utilize facilities elsewhere) are quite likely to dispense IBM cards free of charge. And, if for some reason, such a supply is not available, then these cards can be purchased commercially at 1/10 to 1/4 the price of other file cards. (2) Accessibility: IBM cards are liberally distributed throughout insciru
Concert Parties: Paintings and Performance

Au Ghana, le Concert Party est un spectacle populaire qui fait partie de la culture populaire locale. Les spectacles Concert Party et les peintures sont des reponses a des interrogations et problemes contemporains. Les groupes et le public qui participent a ces manifestations reconnaissent que les pieces ont un message moral. Par consequent, on peut dire que cette forme d'art populaire est une maniere de penser en commun, une opportunite pour la reflexion collective. Dans ces spectacles, on remarque que le temps et l'espace semblent manquer de structure et de controle
Primary processes in the radiation chemistry of water

Abstract Insights into the primary processes of water radiation chemistry developed fairly recently are reviewed, with particular emphasis on time-resolved experiments performed at Argonne National Laboratory. Properties and reactivity of the three important species H atom, solvated electron, and “dry” or presolvated electron are reviewed first, followed by a discussion of the role of water excited states and the process of electron solvation. Finally, nonhomogeneous spur processes are discussed, including the role of spin-dependent radical chemistry and the initial distance distribution of the (e-)aq ion.
Microbial symbiotes of the ambrosia beetleXyloterinus politus

Progression in the understanding of the microecology of ambrosia beetles and their associated microorganisms is briefly reviewed. Between the 1840s and the early 1960s the concept of one ambrosial fungus per ambrosia beetle was emphasized. Some subsequent research has supported the view that each ambrosia beetle plus several associated microorganisms constitute a highly co-evolved symbiotic community. It was hypothesized in this study that such a community of symbiotic microbial species, not just one ambrosial fungus, is actively cultivated and perpetuated by the ambrosia beetleXyloterinus politus. Experimental results indicated that bacteria, yeasts, a yeastlike fungus, and ambrosial fungi compose such a symbiotic microbial complex in association withX. politus. The microecology of the ectosymbiotic microorganisms in relation to this insect is discussed.
Muscle protein changes post mortem in relation to pork quality traits

The relationship between post-mortem traits of muscle proteins and water loss traits was investigated using 84 pork loins representing the four quality traits of PSE, RSE (reddishpink, soft, exudative), RFN (reddish-pink, firm, non-exudative) and DFD. Protein solubility measurements (sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and total) were lower and myosin denaturation (quantified by myofibrillar ATPase activity) was higher for PSE samples compared with samples from the other quality classes. RSE samples were similar to RFN samples in protein solubility and myosin denaturation, although RSE had lower values then DFD samples for protein solubility measurements. RFN samples had lower drip, thaw, cook and total water loss than RSE samples and all water loss traits were lowest for DFD samples and highest for PSE samples. Insoluble phosphorylase was the only characteristic that differentiated among PSE, RSE and RFN samples. SDS-PAGE and Western blots indicated that in PSE and RSE samples, the myofibrillar protein titin was less degraded and nebulin was more degraded compared with RFN and DFD samples. SDS-PAGE of extracted and unextracted myofibrils showed that the reduced myofibrillar solubility of PSE samples was caused by decreased extractability of the myosin heavy chain in these samples. In conclusion, although RSE samples have unacceptably high water loss, muscle protein denaturation was minimal and did not explain the low water-holding capacity.
Histamine‐2 receptor antagonists at night improve gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy

SUMMARY. While night-time symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common, considerable controversy exists regarding the use of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2Ras) for night-time reflux control. Some studies have suggested possible tolerance to H2RA while others have suggested that long-term efficacy of gastric acid control can be maintained with night-time H2RA use. The aim of this study was to identify if GERD patients have sustained symptom improvement with long-term use of night-time H2RA. Records of 56 consecutive GERD patients on twice daily proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and night-time H2RA therapy were reviewed. During a phone interview patients were asked a 5-item questionnaire, which included overall assessment of symptoms, night-time symptoms, sleep disturbance, duration and frequency of therapy. Of the 56 patients, 39 (31women, mean age 56) completed the questionnaire (15 were not reached and 2 did not recall enough information). All respondents had taken night-time H2RA for at least 1 month (28/39 patients with > 6 months duration) with 33/39 patients taking H2RAs every night. The addition of H2RA led to an improvement in overall symptoms in 28/39 (72%) patients, improvement in night-time reflux symptoms in 25/34 (74%) patients and improvement of GERD-associated sleep disturbance in 18/27 (67%) patients. Five (13%) patients had stopped the H2RA on their own, stating that its efficacy waned after 1 month. Our results suggest that the majority of patients report persistent improvement in GERD symptoms from night-time H2RA use and that possible clinically important tolerance to H2RAs occurs in a small number of patients. Further prospective, placebo-controlled studies may help confirm that there is a role for night-time H2RAs in GERD symptom control.
Morphology and correction of distal tibial valgus deformities.

Objectives To characterise distal tibial valgus deformities in dogs through physical examination and radiographic evaluation. Methods In a clinical study of 16 client-owned dogs, twelve unilateral and four bilateral distal tibial valgus deformities were evaluated using palpation and radiographs. The origin and amplitude of angulation, rotation and length deficits if present were measured. Radiographically, fibular length and position in relation to the tibia was compared in affected and clinically normal limbs. The dimensions of the fibular physes were also compared between clinically normal and affected limbs. Results Rottweilers and Shetland sheepdogs were overrepresented. Valgus deformities ranged from 16 degrees to 48 degrees (median, 32 degrees ) in affected and from 0 degrees to 13 degrees (median, 6 degrees ) in contralateral, clinically normal limbs. Fibular length, fibular position relative to the tibia or physeal dimensions were not statistically different between affected and clinically normal limbs. Conclusion and clinical relevance Many distal tibial valgus deformities in dogs are a uniplanar deformity without concurrent craniocaudal or rotational changes or length deficits. A growth cessation in the fibula does not appear to be responsible for the development of the deformity.
Rearrangement of 3-membered 1,1,2-trifluorobromonium and iodonium ions and comparison of trifluorochloronium to fluorocarbenium ions.

Abstract : In this paper we investigate the influence that a 4-halosubstituent has on formation of three-membered halonium ions and their rearrangement to five-membered ring intermediates when chloronium, bromonium and iodonium ions from alkenes 1, 2 and 3 are formed in aprotic solvent (Scheme 1). We also compare the open-ion chloronium ions with the open-carbocations from addition of a proton to terminal fluorosubstituted alkenes.
Developmental Patterns and the Identification of Homologies in the Avian Hand

Homologies of digits in the avian hand have been debated for 150 years. Cladistic analysis nests birds with theropod dinosaurs. Theropod hands retain only digits I-II-III, so digits of the modern bird hand are often identified as I-II-III. Study of the developing manus and pes in amniote embryos, including a variety of avian species, shows stereotyped patterns of cartilage condensations. A primary axis of cartilage condensation is visible in all species that runs through the humerus into digit IV. Comparison to serially homologous elements of the hindlimb indicates that the retained digits of the avian hand are II-III-IV.
Islam's Trojan horse: battling perceptions of Muslim women in The 99

The September 11 attacks intensified media and scholarly attention on Muslim women, occasioning controversial debates and discussions ranging from curious questions about Muslim women’s lives to eager clarifications on their status in Islamic societies. While numerous responses contributed to clearing space for the inclusion of Muslim women’s issues in international fora, these well-meaning efforts ended up reinforcing pre-9/11 beliefs about their oppression and subordination in Islamic societies, and ironically narrowed the dialectic of feminism in Islam to a struggle between women and religious fundamentalism. It was to widen this dialectic, among other things, and to expand the normative boundaries of feminist critique of Islam that Naif Al-Mutawa responded with his comic book The 99 by presenting Muslim women as superheroes. However, as this paper will argue, it is not in the unilateral representation of women as villain-bashing superheroes in direct contrast to their portrayal as defenseless victims ...
When a Skeptical Hypothesis Is Live

I’m going to argue for a set of restricted skeptical results: roughly put, we don’t know that fire engines are red, we don’t know that we sometimes have pains in our lower backs, we don’t know that John Rawls was kind, and we don’t even know that we believe any of those truths. However, people unfamiliar with philosophy and cognitive science do know all those things. The skeptical argument is traditional in form: here's a skeptical hypothesis; you can’t epistemically neutralize it, you have to be able to neutralize it to know P; so you don’t know P. But the skeptical hypotheses I plug into it are “real, live” scientific-philosophical hypotheses often thought to be actually true, unlike any of the outrageous traditional skeptical hypotheses (e.g., ‘You’re a brain in a vat’). So I call the resulting skepticism Live Skepticism. Notably, the Live Skeptic's argument goes through even if we adopt the clever anti-skeptical fixes thought up in recent years such as reliabilism, relevant alternatives theory, contextualism, and the rejection of epistemic closure. Furthermore, the scope of Live Skepticism is bizarre: although we don’t know the simple facts noted above, many of us do know that there are black holes and other amazing facts.
Production of large plotted circuit boards

Abstract We have modified a large flat-bed plotter to apply acid-resistant ink directly to copper-clad insulator, and to drill the holes for through-board connections. This plotted circuit board technique greatly speeds up production in prototyping stages, and allows the generation of very complex patterns on large (1.2 m×2.4 m) boards. We discuss briefly the standard methods of circuit board production, and outline the plotted circuit technique. This technique was originally developed in order to produce readout boards for the AMY electromagnetic calorimeter. We discuss some of the features of those circuit boards, as well as our more recent activities in prototyping delay-line circuits.
Preoperative Predictors of Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty has provided dramatic improvements in function and pain for the majority of patients with knee arthritis, yet a significant proportion of patients remain dissatisfied with their results. We performed a prospective analysis of 215 patients undergoing TKA who underwent a comprehensive array of evaluations to discover whether any preoperative assessment could predict high pain scores and functional limitations postoperatively. Patients with severe pain with a simple knee range-of-motion test prior to TKA had a 10 times higher likelihood of moderate to severe pain at 6 months. A simple test of pain intensity with active flexion and extension preoperatively was a significant predictor of postoperative pain at 6 months after surgery. Strategies to address this particular patient group may improve satisfaction rates of TKA.
Tip110 interacts with YB-1 and regulates each other’s function

Background Tip110 plays important roles in tumor immunobiology, pre-mRNA splicing, expression regulation of viral and host genes, and possibly protein turnover. It is clear that our understanding of Tip110 biological function remains incomplete.
The Effect of Topographic Variability on Initial Condition Sensitivity of Low-Level Wind Forecasts. Part II: Experiments Using Real Terrain and Observations

AbstractA study by Bieringer et al., which is Part I of this two-part study, demonstrated analytically using the shallow-water equations and numerically in controlled experiments that the presence of terrain can result in an enhancement of sensitivities to initial condition adjustments. The increased impact of adjustments to initial conditions corresponds with gradients in the flow field induced by the presence of the terrain obstacle. In cross-barrier flow situations the impact of the initial condition adjustments on the final forecast increases linearly as the height of the terrain obstacle increases. While this property associated with initial condition perturbations may be present in an analytic and controlled numerical environment, it is often difficult to realize these benefits in a more operationally realistic setting. This study extends the prior work to a situation with actual terrain, Doppler radar wind observations over the terrain, and observations from a surface mesonet for model verification...
Pituitary Infarction and Apoplexy: The Need for Early Recognition in Intensive Care Units:

Pituitary infarction can occur after prolonged shock, usually from peripartum hemorrhage. With good obstetrical care and prompt transfusion therapy, it is largely preventable. Spontaneous pituitary infarction is much less common. It can be recognized in diabetic patients by the sudden appearance of a severe, usually retroorbital, headache and frequent episodes of hypoglycemia from an abrupt decrease in insulin requirement. When hemorrhage occurs with a pituitary tumor of sufficient expansion to produce acute parasellar manifestations, it is called pituitary apoplexy. Many patients, particularly men, are unaware of a preexisting pituitary tumor, but some will have features of acromegaly and others will have a history of sexual dysfunction. In the more severe cases, early diagnosis is imperative so that prompt neurosurgical evacuation can be undertaken.
A predominant role for cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the cGMP-induced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and platelet inhibition in humans

The vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) plays an important role in cGMP-induced platelet inhibition. Since VASP is an in vitro substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), it has been presumed that VASP phosphorylation induced by cGMP is mediated by PKG. Here we show that, in human platelets, phosphorylation of VASP at Ser239 induced by either cGMP analogs or nitric oxide (NO) donor glyco-SNAP1 is inhibited by PKA inhibitors KT5720, PKI, Rp-Br-cAMPS, and H89, but not by PKG inhibitors KT5823 or Rp-pCPT-cGMPS. Unlike human platelets, cGMP analog-induced phosphorylation of VASP in mouse platelets is inhibited by both PKG and PKA inhibitors. Ineffectiveness of PKG inhibitors in inhibiting VASP phosphorylation in human platelets is not due to an inability to inhibit PKG, as these PKG inhibitors but not PKA inhibitors inhibit a different cGMP-induced intracellular signaling event: phosphorylation of extracellular signal-responsive kinase. Furthermore, PKA inhibitors reverse cGMP-induced inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, whereas PKG inhibitors further enhance the inhibitory effect of cGMP analogs. Thus, PKA plays a predominant role in the cGMP-induced phosphorylation of VASP and platelet inhibition in human platelets.
Dewey on Leisure

Despite the extensive scholarly discussion about John Dewey's concepts about experiential education, little has been written for recreation leaders specifically about his ideas on recreation and leisure. This article summarizes John Dewey's philosophy of recreation and leisure. It begins by noting Dewey's distaste for the social constructs that unnecessarily create barriers between work and leisure. It then presents his argument that this work/leisure dichotomy contributes to meaningless leisure pursuits and is the result of class-based education. Finally, and most importantly, is Dewey's explanation that if education is a part of the problem, then it can be part of the solution.
On understanding metaphor: the role of context

Some metaphors, such as All jobs are jails, can be understood immediately and unambiguously, even when encountered in isolation. Others, such as All marriages are iceboxes, require an appropriate context if they are to be so understood. The paper explores the question of what constitutes a minimal appropriate context. It is proposed that any context that activates a property of the predicate term, for example, iceboxes, that is informative about the topic of the metaphor, for example, all marriages, will be sufficient to trigger immediate comprehension. To test this idea, the relative effectiveness of three types of contextual priming for metaphor comprehension was assessed: activation of the figurative sense of a metaphor ground, activation of the literal sense of that ground, and activation of the general semantic field of that ground. All three types of contexts led to immediate and automatic metaphor comprehension. These results suggest how context may be used to disambiguate both literal and nonliteral speech messages, and how both literal and non-literal comprehension mechanisms share important features, including the automatic deployment of general discourse-processing strategies.
Fishery Cooperative Associations in Relation to Conservation and Orderly Marketing

Abstract Fishery cooperative marketing associations are democratically organized economic enterprises conducted for the mutual welfare of their members. They may aid in various phases of conservation. Cooperatives may assist in preserving fish populations in the interests of sustained yield through self-imposed regulations of gear, season, sizes of fish captured, and of other aspects of fishing activity. In these matters, however, they cannot entirely supplant regulation by public authority. The greatest contributions of cooperatives to conservation are in conserving the catch by efficient and orderly marketing. In the United States they market nearly 1 billion pounds of fish worth about 9 million dollars. In marketing the catch of members and by their influence on marketing agencies generally, cooperative associations may eliminate wasteful practices and insure the highest utility for our fishery products. Such activities benefit the consuming public as well as the fishermen and the other elements of the...
Effects of development of host immunity on the biodistribution of xenogeneic MHC non-restricted cytotoxic T cells: Implications for adoptive cell therapy of cancer

The human MHC non-restricted cytotoxic T cell line TALL-104 has potent anti-tumor effects in dogs with spontaneous tumors. This study was designed to examine the effects of the development of host immune responses on the baseline organ distribution of TALL-104 cells in healthy dogs. 111In-oxine labeled TALL-104 cells (107 cells/kg) were infused systemically in three dogs, either on day 1, 3, or 5 of a 5-day injection cycle; two dogs received two more injections of the labeled cells at monthly intervals, whereas the third dog received free 111In-oxine, 3 months after the first 5-day infusion. Analysis of blood and plasma cell clearances and imaging studies indicated a progressively faster clearance of the cells from the blood and organs after multiple daily injections as well as at the time of each monthly boost when host immune responses against the xenogeneic cells had developed. These findings have important therapeutic implications for the design of effective TALL-104 cell administration schedules in clinical trials.
Surface modification of high aspect ratio structures with fluoropolymer coatings using chemical vapor deposition

Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was used to coat the internal surfaces of high aspect ratio capillary pore membranes and silicon trenches with poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (PPFDA). The presence of the fluoropolymer coating along the pore walls of the membranes was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and contact angle measurements. The results of this study demonstrate that the iCVD process can be used to conformally coat high aspect ratio microstructures (up to 80:1) with organic polymers.
Statistical mechanics of a classical one-dimensional canted antiferromagnet. II. Solitons

In this paper we continue the study, initiated in the preceding paper, of a classical, one-dimensional, Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a single-ion anisotropy and a Dzyaloshinski-Moriya term. We show that in certain ranges of coupling constants domain walls in such antiferromagnets can be approximated by sine-Gordon or double-sine-Gordon solitons. These solitons can be used to explain certain qualitative features in the low-temperature susceptibility, specific heat, and some correlation functions in such antiferromagnets. However, a simple sine-Gordon or double-sine-Gordon theory cannot reproduce, in any quantitative fashion, the thermodynamic functions obtained in the preceding paper even at low temperatures. We end with some remarks on the feasibility of finding simple, sine-Gordon-type solitons in real, quasi-one-dimensional magnets.
Mirex-induced hepatic changes in chickens, Japanese quail, and rats.

Mirex1 was fed in the diet to chickens at 0 to 160 ppm for 12 and 16 weeks, to Japanese quail at 0 to 80 ppm for 12 weeks, and to rats at 0 to 100 ppm for 2 and 4 weeks. Mirex did not affect the concentration of protein or cytochrome P450 in hepatic microsomes of chickens or Japanese quail, nor did it affect hydroxylation of aniline or demethylation of aminopyrine. However, structural changes were apparent in livers of chickens fed mirex at 10 ppm and above and included regions of necrosis and nonspecific cellular aberrations and alterations of sinusoids and bile canaliculi. Mirex caused liver enlargement in rats and increased microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 but did not affect hydroxylation of aniline or demethylation of aminopyrine. Hepatic structural changes in rats that were associated with mirex included proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and degeneration of some bile canaliculi.
Packing items from a triangular distribution

Abstract We consider the problem of packing n items, which are drawn according to a probability distribution whose density function is triangular in shape, into bins of unit capacity. For triangles which represent density functions whose expectation is 1/p for p = 3, 4, 5,…, we give a packing strategy for which the ratio of the number of bins used in the packing to the expected total size of the items asymptotically approaches 1.
Damage Growth in Si During Self-Ion Irradiation: a Study of Ion Effects Over an Extended Energy Range

Damage nucleation/growth in single-crystal Si during ion irradiation is discussed. For MeV ions, the rate of growth as was well as the damage morphology are shown to vary widely along the track of the ion. This is attributed to a change in the dominant, defect-related reactions as the ion penetrates the crystal. The nature of these reactions were elucidated by studying the interaction of MeV ions with different types of defects. The defects were introduced into the Si crystal prior to high-energy irradiation by self-ion implantation at a medium energy (100 keV). Varied damage morphologies were produced by implanting different ion fluences. Electron microscopy and ion-channeling measurements, in conjunction with annealing studies, were used to characterize the damage. Subtle changes in the predamage morphology are shown to result in markedly different responses to the high-energy irradiation, ranging from complete annealing of the damage to rapid growth. These divergent responses occur over a narrow range of dose (2–3 × 1014 cm-2) of the medium-energy ions; this range also marks a transition in the growth behavior of the damage during the predamaging implantation. A model is proposed which accounts for these observations and provides insight into ion-induced growth of amorphous layers in Si and the role of the amorphous/crystalline interface in this process.
An Evaluation of Superpave Binder Aging Methods

The objective of this study is to evaluate the rolling thin film oven (RTFO), and the pressure aging vessel (PAV) binder aging methods recommended by superpave. Test sections for this study were set up in 1992 and 1993 using six highways in five states: US 280 and AL 86 in Alabama, I-90 in Idaho, I-40 in New Mexico, I-385 in South Carolina, and STH 67 in Wisconsin. Asphalt binder was recovered from loose mix obtained during construction and from cores obtained after first, second and third year. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were conducted on the recovered binder and on asphalt binders subjected to RTFO test (RTFOT) and PAV method. Comparison of DSR test results of asphalt binder recovered from loose mix and DSR test results of RTFOT conditioned asphalt binder indicated that asphalt binders are aged more in the plant mix process than in the RTFOT process. However, statistical analyses indicate that the RTFOT method seems to be capable of simulating short term aging o...
Study of Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange diffusion on germanate glasses: Realization of single-mode waveguides at the wavelength of 1.55 μm

Abstract Ion-exchange technology on glass has been successfully used for more than 20 years to realize dependable and low-cost passive and active integrated optic devices on silicate or phosphate glasses for the optical telecommunication systems operating around λ = 1.5 μm. However, the recent developments of integrated optics instruments for astronomical interferometers or biological sensors have required an increase of the devices operation range towards the mid-infrared. For these reasons, we present in this paper the development and the realization of single-mode waveguides by means of a binary ion-exchange on a germanate glass (BGA-G115 form Kigre Inc.) which transparency window reaches λ = 4 μm. A complete study of the silver ion diffusion in this glass matrix has been performed allowing the determination of silver and sodium ion diffusion coefficients as well as the value of the maximum refractive index change. Using these data, simulations were carried-out showing that an ion-exchange of 90 min in a 0.03AgNO 3 –0.97NaNO 3 molten salt at a temperature of 330 °C would allow the realization of single-mode channel waveguides at λ = 1.55 μm. To demonstrate this on BGA-G115, a specific technological process based on the deposition of a polysilicon masking layer has been implemented. Single-mode channel waveguides, with a 2.5 μm diffusion window width, have thus been realized and characterized at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. Modal size has been measured to be 10 ± 1 μm × 7 ± 1 μm for propagation losses of 1.2 ± 0.5 dB/cm for a 2 ± 0.1 cm long device.
A simple strategy for the construction of combinatorial cyclic peptoid libraries

Here we describe a simple method that allows for rapid and easy sequence determination of cyclic peptoids. The key idea in this strategy is a post-screening “ring-opening” reaction to convert cyclic peptoids selected from a high-throughput screen into linear peptoids, which can be sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. Thus, there is no need for encoding.
Design of controller for L2 cache mapped in Tezzaron stacked DRAM

3DIC technology allows implementation of fast and dense memory by allowing multiple layers of DRAM to be fabricated in a single die called Die-stacking technology. This creates opportunity to explore usage of DRAM as fast last level cache by exploiting mapping of data and tag in the same bank. This Paper investigates the implementation of such a cache controller using 3-layer 256 MB Tezzaron Octopus stacked DRAM. This memory provides a fast data access through burst-4 and burst-8 mode. To avoid multiple row activation, the entire set is confined in one row of 2KB. For a 64B cache block, 32 lines of data can be obtained in one row. In this design, only two cache blocks are used for tag while 30 blocks are used for data yielding a 30-way set associative L2 cache. Given the performance of Tezzaron memory, a low hit time of approximately 20 cycles was achieved. This hit latency includes precharge and row activation delays. This access latency was used in Gem5 full-system simulator to estimate the performance compared to a standard 2D SRAM L2 cache. An average of 15% on performance is achieved on different benchmarks while providing an average 27% on energy saving.