cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation of p38α/β MAPK in myogenesis via binding of the scaffold protein JLP to the cell surface protein Cdo

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in cell differentiation, but the signaling mechanisms by which it is activated during this process are largely unknown. Cdo is an immunoglobulin superfamily member that functions as a component of multiprotein cell surface complexes to promote myogenesis. In this study, we report that the Cdo intracellular region interacts with JLP, a scaffold protein for the p38α/β MAPK pathway. Cdo, JLP, and p38α/β form complexes in differentiating myoblasts, and Cdo and JLP cooperate to enhance levels of active p38α/β in transfectants. Primary myoblasts from Cdo−/− mice, which display a defective differentiation program, are deficient in p38α/β activity, and the expression of an activated form of MKK6 (an immediate upstream activator of p38) rescues the ability of Cdo−/− cells to differentiate. These results document a novel mechanism of signaling during cell differentiation: the interaction of a MAPK scaffold protein with a cell surface receptor.
Strain-Induced Ferromagnetism in Fe-40Al Single Crystals

Recent research [1-3] suggests that strain-induced ferromagnetism in lightly-strained FeAl arises chiefly from anti-phase boundary tubes. Magnetic and calorimetric measurements have been performed on two different orientations of B2-structured Fe-40Al single crystals that had been cold rolled to a variety of strains. The saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility are related to the enthalpy associated with the annealing out of antiphase boundary tubes and, hence, to the degree of deformation and crystal orientation.
Thematic maps of 19 iSchools

The identity of iSchools has drawn widespread attention in the iSchool movement. What is special about an iSchool? What do people do in an interdisciplinary iSchool? How does one iSchool differ from another? How do iSchools fit together as a community? There are many ways to address these questions at different levels. For example, one may choose to interview all the iSchool deans, all the iSchool faculty members, and/or all the iSchool graduates; and one may choose to study the mission statement and strategic plan of each individual iSchool. In this paper, we introduce a macroscopic-and-microscopic analysis of the nature of the iSchool community in terms of scholarly communication patterns and emerging as well as established specialties associated with individual iSchools. Two different types of thematic maps are illustrated: author-concept maps depicting what iSchool authors publish and citation maps of what iSchool authors regarded as important. Author-concept maps of six intellectually diverse iSchools and one overall thematic map of 19 iSchools are presented.
Waveguide Microgripper with Optical Feedback for Microassembly

We present our novel SU8 waveguide microgripper device with integrated optical feedback for fluorescent identification and manipulation of quantum-dot-doped microstructures for microassembly.
Methods and theory for off-line machine learning

Many problems in machine learning can be abstracted to the sequential design task of finding the minimum of an unknown erratic and possibly discontinuous function on the basis of noisy measurements. In the present work, it is presumed that there is no penalty for bad choices during the experimental stage, and at some time, not known to the decision maker, or under his control, the experimentation will be terminated, and the decision maker will need to specify the point considered best, on the basis of the experimentation. In this paper, we seek the best trade-off between: i) acquiring new test points, and ii) retesting at points previously selected so as to improve the estimates of relative performance. The algorithm is shown to achieve a performance standard described herein. This decision setting would seem natural for function minimization in a simulation contest or for tuning up a production process prior to putting it into service. >
A Program for Logic

Chomsky’s Aspects (1965) described and presented justification for a model of linguistic structure according to which the relation between sentences (or better, the surface structures of sentences) and their semantic structures was mediated by a level of Deep Structure: a grammar consisted of a Base Component, which was a set of rules that specified what deep structures were possible in the language in question, a Transformational Component, which was a system of rules that specified how deep structures corresponded to surface structures1, and a Semantic Component, which was a system of rules that associated a set of semantic representations to each deep structure. Since the appearance of Aspects, there have been two opposing lines of development in transformational grammar, the principal differences between which relate to the syntax/semantics dichotomy which the theory of Aspects presupposes
An analysis of dynamic element matching flash digital-to-analog converters

Although many dynamic element matching (DEM) digital-to-analog converters (DACs) have identical architectures, analyses of DEM DACs have been specific to the DAC DEM algorithm or based on simulation results. In this paper, a commonly used flash DEM DAC architecture is analyzed. Using this analysis, a DEM DAC's mean integral nonlinearity (INL), variance of the LNL, output signal-to-distortion ratio, output signal-to-(noise plus distortion) ratio, and spurious-free dynamic range can be calculated theoretically. These theoretical measures can be used as criteria for comparing the performance of different DEM algorithms applied to the particular flash DEM DAC architecture analyzed in this paper. As an example, two new DEM algorithms-a barrel shift network controlled by a white stochastic signal and a generalized cube interconnection network (GCN) controlled by a colored stochastic signal-are introduced and compared with two stochastic DEM algorithms: a Benes network and a GCN-both of which are controlled by a white stochastic signal-and one deterministic DEM algorithm called clock-level averaging. In the example, the performance criteria are calculated theoretically and by simulation.
Worms, flies and four-legged friends: the applicability of biological models to the understanding of intestinal inflammatory diseases.

Diseases of intestinal inflammation, including Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and necrotizing enterocolitis, cause substantial acute and chronic disability in a large proportion of the population. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which are collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), lead to recurrent episodes of intestinal dysfunction and systemic illness, whereas necrotizing enterocolitis is characterized by the development of dramatic and all too often fatal intestinal necrosis in infants. To determine the molecular underpinnings of these disorders, investigators have explored a variety of animal models that vary widely in their complexity. These experimental systems include the invertebrate nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the more complex invertebrate Drosophila melanogaster, and vertebrate systems including mice, rats and other mammals. This review explores the experimental models that are used to mimic and evaluate the pathogenic mechanisms leading to these diseases of intestinal inflammation. We then highlight, as an example, how the use of different experimental models that focus on the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the gut has revealed important distinctions between the pathogenesis of IBD and necrotizing enterocolitis. Specifically, TLR4-mediated signaling plays a protective role in the development of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, whereas this signaling pathway plays a causative role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn small intestine by adversely affecting intestinal injury and repair mechanisms.
Circadian and Homeostatic Factors in Arousal

In the course of evolution, mechanisms have evolved to anticipate the timing of regularly occurring events. These mechanisms are encompassed in a circadian timing system that include a master clock localized to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and “slave” oscillators distributed throughout the body. This system serves multiple functions so as to ensure that various physiological processes occur at optimal and nonoverlapping times, to synchronize our activities to local environmental time, and to permit changes required to respond to new environmental circumstances. We suggest that a generalized concept of arousal (which includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in motor activity) serves as a rubric in which to explore the multiple ways in which the circadian system modulates behavior.
Attenuation and velocity imaging of bone tissue

Ultrasound images were produced showing the average ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and velocity of the bone of the appendicular skeleton in vivo. A pair of transducers was used to acquire attenuation and time-of-flight projections and pulse-echo images of both sides of the appendage. An expert system was developed to detect boundaries from the pulse-echo scans. Images were constructed considering the distance of soft tissue and bone found along each line. For an image of a test-object the measured dimensions, attenuation coefficient, and acoustic velocity had an accuracy of +or-2.6 mm, 12%, and 2%, respectively. Images of a human wrist showed regions of high attenuation and velocity due to the bone. >
Culture and Race/Ethnicity: Bolder, Deeper, and Broader

The role of cultural analysis in the sociology of race, ethnicity, and immigration varies across subject matter. Primarily for political reasons, it has been marginalized in the study of ethnic/racial inequality, though new work is reclaiming culture in this important context. It has an unacknowledged presence in studies of discrimination and domination, but is explicit in macro and historical studies. This article surveys these subfields and makes a call for bolder, deeper, and broader cultural analysis in the field. More work is needed on cultural assimilation, how inequality and discrimination produce racial and ethnic meanings, how ethnic and racial cultures affect interests through variations in conceptions of the meaning of life, how sending state cultures affect immigrant and ethnic cultures in the United States, and how globalization is Americanizing immigrants before they even leave their homelands.
Sensory properties of a nonabsorbable fat substitute did not affect regulation of energy intake

Many reduced-fat foods retain the sensory properties of their high-fat counterparts through the use of fat substitutes. This study examined whether regulation of energy intake is affected when the nonabsorbable fat substitute olestra is used to uncouple the sensory properties of fat from fat absorption and metabolism. Cream of broccoli soups were developed in three versions: fat-free, fat-free + olestra (33.3 g olestra), and high-fat (33.3 g fat) (923 900 and 2150 kJ per serving, respectively). The olestra soup had the nutrient composition of the fat-free soup but the sensory properties of the high-fat soup. Subjects were grouped by sex, body weight, and dietary restraint (total n = 67). Subjects had either no preload (control) or a soup preload (465 g) followed by a self-selection lunch. Intake was measured at lunch, dinner, snack, and breakfast. At lunch, the response to the soup preloads was not affected by sex, dietary restraint, or body weight. Energy intake (soup + lunch) was significantly greater in the high-fat than in the control condition (P < 0.05), but energy intake in the fat-free and olestra-soup conditions was not significantly different from that in the control condition (3570, 3352, 3464, and 4457 kJ in control, fat-free, olestra, and high-fat soup conditions, respectively). Thus, subjects compensated completely for the energy in the fat-free and olestra soups but not for the energy in the high-fat soup. No differences were found in the response to the two fat-free conditions, one with the fatty taste and one without. In this study the sensory properties of fat alone, ie, apart from the physiologic effects of fat, did not affect energy regulation.
Design of superbuffers in sub-100nm CMOS technologies with significant gate leakage

In this paper, we first study the behavior of gate leakage current in a simple inverter. We make some important observations about the gate leakage in both PMOS and NMOS devices. We then study the trade off between power and delay in a standard inverter within a particular buffer chain when reducing the size of the pull-down device. In the last part of this paper, we present an alternate leakage suppressed inverter for driving large loads. We finally compare the performance of our proposed circuit with those of standard and scaled-down inverters and show that we can significantly reduce the standby power in certain situations with a modest reduction in speed.
Novel method for localized, functional sympathetic nervous system denervation of peripheral tissue using guanethidine.

A simple technique for local chemical sympathectomy of peripheral tissues is described using guanethidine. Multiple microinjections of guanethidine were made into inguinal or epididymal white adipose tissue (IWAT and EWAT) pads or spleens of hamsters. Guanethidine virtually abolished the sympathetic innervation of both EWAT and IWAT, as measured by the absence of significant norepinephrine (NE) tissue content two weeks later and as suggested by the two-fold increase in IWAT mass characteristic of surgically induced WAT denervation. These measures were not affected in the contralateral pads given equivolumetric injections of saline. Guanethidine injections into the spleen lead to a functional sympathectomy, as indicated by significant depletions of NE content. Because guanethidine treatment did not decrease body mass, induce ptosis, or spread to closely associated adjacent tissue (contralateral EWAT pad), no chemical-induced malaise or global sympathetic denervation was suggested. Guanethidine was more effective than two other local sympathectomy treatments, injections of the sympathetic neurotoxin anti-dopamine-β-hydroxylase saporin or surgical denervation, in decreasing IWAT NE content and increasing IWAT pad mass. Collectively, these results suggest that locally applied, chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine provides an effective, restricted method for sympathectomizing WAT, spleen and likely other peripheral tissues.
School-Based Nutrition Programs Are Associated with Reduced Child Food Insecurity over Time among Mexican-Origin Mother-Child Dyads In Texas Border Colonias

In 2011, an estimated 50.2 million adults and children lived in US households with food insecurity, a condition associated with adverse health effects across the life span. Relying solely on parent proxy may underreport the true prevalence of child food insecurity. The present study sought to understand mothers' and children's (aged 6-11 y) perspectives and experiences of child food insecurity and its seasonal volatility, including the effects of school-based and summertime nutrition programs. Forty-eight Mexican-origin mother-child dyads completed standardized, Spanish-language food-security instruments during 2 in-home visits between July 2010 and March 2011. Multilevel longitudinal logistic regression measured change in food security while accounting for correlation in repeated measurements by using a nested structure. Cohen's κ statistic assessed dyadic discordance in child food insecurity. School-based nutrition programs reduced the odds of child food insecurity by 74% [OR = 0.26 (P < 0.01)], showcasing the programs' impact on the condition. Single head of household was associated with increased odds of child food insecurity [OR = 4.63 (P = 0.03)]. Fair dyadic agreement of child food insecurity was observed [κ = 0.21 (P = 0.02)]. Obtaining accurate prevalence rates and understanding differences of intrahousehold food insecurity necessitate measurement at multiple occasions throughout the year while considering children's perceptions and experiences of food insecurity in addition to parental reports.
Scalable and mashable location-oriented web services

Web-based access to services increasingly moves to locationoriented scenarios, with either the client being mobile and requesting relevant information for the current location, or with a mobile or stationary client accessing a service which provides access to location-based information. The Web currently has no specific support for this kind of service pattern, and many scenarios use proprietary solutions which result in vertical designs with little possibility to share and mix information across various services. This paper describes an architecture for providing access to location-oriented services which is based on the principles of Representational State Transfer (REST) and uses a tiling scheme to allow clients to uniformly access location-oriented services. Based on these Tiled Feeds, lightweight access to location-oriented services can be implemented in a uniform and scalable way, and by using feeds, established patterns of information aggregation, filtering, and republishing can be easily applied.
Uncoupling of the induction of mutations and sister-chromatid exchanges by the replication of 5-bromouracil-substituted DNA.

The REP mutagenesis protocol, which involves the replication of 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-substituted DNA in the presence of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool imbalance, has been shown to induce both mutations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, when a Syrian hamster melanoma-derived cell line, called 2E, which was selected for its ability to replace all of the thymine residues in DNA with BrUra, was subjected to the REP mutagenesis protocol, the correlation between the induction of mutations and SCEs was no longer observed. The 2E cells were found to be much more sensitive to the induction of mutations by REP mutagenesis than were the CHO cells. This increased sensitivity to REP mutagenesis was found to correlate with increased perturbations of the dNTP pools that have been shown to be involved in the mutagenic mechanism of this protocol. In contrast, when the induction of SCEs by the REP protocol was measured, it was found that although a baseline level of SCEs was detected in 2E cells, no significant induction of SCEs due to dNTP pool perturbation was observed. It was shown that high levels of SCEs were readily induced in 2E cells by other agents, e.g. mitomycin C. A model, which discusses the fate of mismatched bases thought to be generated by the REP mutagenesis protocol as the determining factor for the induction of mutations of SCEs, is proposed to explain the uncoupling of mutagenesis and SCE induction in 2E cells.
Law & Entrepreneurship: Do Courts Matter?

In this essay, we sketch the outlines of a research agenda exploring links between courts and entrepreneurship. Our conception of "law and entrepreneurship" encompasses the study of positive law (including constitutions, statutes, and regulations), common law doctrines, and private ordering that relate to "the discovery and exploitation of profitable opportunities by new firms." We briefly survey the economics literatures that relate to law and entrepreneurship, including the "law and finance" literature launched by the work of Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny ("LLSV"). Relying on the suggestive work of LLSV and other economists who have labored over the connections between entrepreneurship and law, we suspect that courts may play an important role in facilitating or hindering entrepreneurial activity. We are particularly interested in the possibility that courts may facilitate the evolution of legal rules to address novel issues raised by entrepreneurial firms. This "adaptability hypothesis" may be subject to empirical testing, thus shedding light on the otherwise perplexing divide between common law and civil law countries identified by LLSV. The motivation for such a test lies in the conjecture that common law countries update their laws more frequently than civil law countries through judicial intervention. Adaptability in this sense is said to encourage entrepreneurship because outmoded laws allow for opportunism, thus discouraging capital formation. The adaptability hypothesis implies that judges in common law systems have more room to maneuver than judges in civil law systems, and we describe the method by which we intend to approach our future study of adaptability.
The do-it-all nitrifier

With numerous amendments to the microbial nitrogen cycle over the past two decades, it seems at times that nothing is certain. Yet one aspect of the nitrogen cycle seemed clear: that the labor of nitrification—the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2−) and ultimately nitrate (NO3−)—is divided between two separate groups of microorganisms. Sergei Winogradsky first showed this in the late 1800s when he isolated the organisms responsible for the two steps of nitrification, ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers. But a series of recent papers upends this 100-year-old dogma with the description of three different cultivated bacteria ( 1 , 2 ) and an uncultivated bacterium ( 3 ) that can each carry out the complete oxidation of ammonia to nitrate.
On the Extension of the SLAU Scheme to Compressible Two-Fluid Models

This paper describes the extension of the simple low-dissipation AUSM (SLAU) scheme to a six-equation compressible two-fluid model for gas/liquid flow. This is the latest version of the AUSM-family of schemes with a new numerical flux function. This scheme features low dissipation without any tunable parameters in low Mach number regimes while maintaining the robustness of the AUSM-family fluxes at high Mach numbers with a very simple formulation. The accuracy of the method is tested with a well-known two-fluid air/water flow benchmark problem and the results were compared with the two-phase AUSM and AUSM-up schemes.
O-019 Re-treatment Rates Following Pipeline Embolization Device Alone versus Pipeline and Coil Embolization of Cerebral Aneurysms: A Single Center Experience

Introduction The introduction of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED, eV3 Neurovascular, Irvine, California) has increased the complexity of the cerebral aneurysms which can be treated with neuro-interventional techniques. We sought to compare the recurrence rates following PED alone versus PED and coil embolization (PED/coil) of intracranial cerebral aneurysms in our single center. Materials and Methods We retrospectively examined a prospectively maintained endovascular database for cerebral aneurysms treated with the PED with or without coils from May 2011 to the present time. One hundred and thirty three patients (25 males, 108 females; age range 23–85 years; average 60.4 yrs) were treated for 140 aneurysms (average size 11.8 mm, SD 8.3 mm) requiring 224 PED (1.7 PED/pt) during the study period. Sixty-eight patients (13 males, 55 females) were treated with PED alone for 72 aneurysms (average 10.7mm, SD 9.2 mm). Whereas, 65 patients (12 males, 53 females) were treated with PED/coil of 67 aneurysms (average 12.8 mm, SD 7.0 mm) Results Eight aneurysms in eight patients were re-treated in the PED alone cohort versus only one aneurysm in one patient in the PED/coil cohort for an 11.7% (8/68) versus 1.5% (1/65) re-treatment rate respectively. The average time for re-treatment in the PED alone cohort was 6.5 months (SD 3.8) while the PED/coil re-treatment occurred at 10 months. Two patients in the PED cohort were re-treated due to PED contraction/migration while the other six patients were re-treated for enlargement or persistent filling of the aneurysms. The PED/coil patient had significant improvement in the aneurysm filling, but had small persistent endoleak into the aneurysm. Conclusions In our single center experience, PED/coil of cerebral aneurysms resulted in a lower re-treatment rate compared to PED alone. This result may provide the basis for future evaluation with randomised, controlled trials. Disclosures M. Park: None. M. Nanaszko: None. M. Sanborn: None. K. Moon: None. F. Albuquerque: None. C. McDougall: None.
The potential use of sterile hybrid Boophilus ticks (acari: Ixodidae) as a supplemental eradication technique.

Crosses of Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus result in sterile male progeny and fertile female progeny. When the latter are backcrossed, they also produce sterile male progeny and fertile female progeny. This phenomenon was observed through 3 generations. The authors theorize, on the basis of available data, that sterile hybrids could be used effectively to eradicate low levels of native tick populations. A theoretical model demonstrates eradication of the ticks within a 2-year period.
92 BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA PRESENTING IN A PATIENT AS A RIGHT ATRIAL MASS.

Introduction Burkitt9s lymphoma was originally described in 1958 by Burkitt, a surgeon working in Uganda. It was first noted in African children and presented as a jaw or facial mass. Today it is more commonly seen in the Western world as abdominal disease presenting in children, young adults, and HIV-positive patients. Burkitt9s lymphoma is known to be associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. It is also associated with a nonrandom chromosome translocation, which results in deregulation of the c-myc oncogene. Burkitt9s lymphoma has been documented in other extranodal sites but only in a few cases has it been described in the heart. We present a case of Burkitt9s lymphoma diagnosed by right atrial heart biopsy. Case Report A 68-year-old Caucasian female with COPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the hospital after recently being treated at an outside facility for a lower GI bleed. Upon questioning, this patient also reported a 3-month history of fatigue, chills, night sweats, and progressive dyspnea on exertion. She had undergone a colonoscopy with biopsies at the outside facility and path specimens obtained during the procedure were suggestive of Burkitt9s lymphoma. She was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation. Physical exam on admission was benign except for scattered wheezes bilaterally on examination of the lungs. Laboratory studies revealed anemia with a hematocrit of 30.6 with an MCV of 91.8 and an RDW of 15.3. The remainder of the CBC, chemistry, liver panel, and coagulation studies were within normal limits. Staging CTs were obtained, which were unremarkable except for a filling defect noted in the right atrium of the heart. Follow-up cardiac MRI revealed a fungating mass in the right atrium. Interventional cardiology was consulted, and they performed a biopsy of the mass. Pathology confirmed the presence of Burkitt9s lymphoma in the heart mass, the morphology of which was identical to the pathology seen on colon biopsy. The patient was started on chemotherapy consisting of Cytoxan, Adriamycin, and etoposide, as well as allopurinol. She tolerated the treatment well and was discharged home.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCARINE CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR-BINDING RADIOTRACERS

Abstract The goal of this work is to develop muscarinic-cholinergic, receptor-binding, high-specific-activity radiotracers containing a gamma-emitting radionuclide. These radiotracers will be used to determine noninvasively the presence or change in concentration of muscarinic cholinergic receptors as a function of disease.
Abstract 3356: Characterization and enrichment of head and neck cancer stem cells suggests differences between HPV+ and HPV- subtypes of HNSCC cells

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the sixth most prevalent type of malignancy worldwide. Despite recent advances in multidisciplinary treatments, the overall survival and quality of life of patients with advanced HNSCC have not improved considerably over the past decade. Recent reports have demonstrated that tumors contain a small subpopulation of cells called cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor maintenance and metastasis. CSCs have the ability to self-renew and are responsible for tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and relapse after treatment. Recent studies demonstrate that even established HNSCC cell lines contain a definite sub-population of CSC providing us with the opportunity to discerning their roles in progression, treatment, and relapse of the disease. In vitro Sphere Forming Assays (using ultra-low attachment plate and serum free media) were employed as the key method of CSC enrichment. qPCR analyses, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, Side Population Phenotype assay (SPP) were used to confirm the results of the primary analyses. To confirm an in vivo CSC phenotype, xenograft tumor formation, through subcutaneous injection in immunocompromised mice was done. In vitro sphere forming assay followed by subsequent passaging of the sphere enriched cells (SECs) have successfully demonstrated the existence and enrichment of a CSC sub-population in HNSCC cell lines. Findings suggest a differential existence of CSCs related to the HPV status of the cell. ALDH assay and SPP assay confirmed the results of sphere formation. qPCR analyses of the SECs have confirmed enrichment in several stemness marker genes (Oct-4, Sox2, Nanog, Bmi-1, cMyc, KLF4, Beta catenin etc.), also following the identical differential pattern. Various EMT markers genes (Vimentin, Fibronectin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, Twist, ZO-1 etc.) were also assessed, portraying a significant level of expression in CSC populations. SECs subcutaneously injected in immunocompromised mice formed tumors with as few as 50 cells. We have demonstrated that a definite subpopulation of CSCs exists in HNSCC cell lines. Significant differences were seen between the HPV+ and HPV- subtypes. Analyses of EMT marker genes and other molecular pathways in CSC confirm the differences between HPV+ and HPV- cells too following the similar pattern. In vivo tumor xenograft formation establishes the heightened tumorigenicity of CSCs/SECs. Citation Format: Anirban Chatterjee, Kwangok Nickel, Randall J. Kimple. Characterization and enrichment of head and neck cancer stem cells suggests differences between HPV+ and HPV- subtypes of HNSCC cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3356.
Impact of Modified Dietary Education Combined with High Energy/Protein Meals during Hemodialysis Treatment on Protein and Phosphorus Intake and Nutritional Status in Hypoalbuminemic Hemodialysis Patients

BackgroundLow serum albumin and a high dietary phosphorus to dietary protein ratio (PPR) have been tied to malnutrition among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. In turn, malnutrition is an al...
Advanced sparsity techniques in magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract In the past decades, sparsity techniques have been widely applied in the fields of medical imaging, computer vision, image processing, compressive sensing, machine learning, etc., and achieved great success. In this chapter, we introduce several sparsity techniques for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, we discuss the standard sparsity techniques for MRI reconstruction. Second, we introduce an efficient algorithm for fast multicontrast MRI reconstruction based on group sparsity. Third, we present the application of wavelet tree sparsity in MRI. This shows that the tree sparsity regularization often outperforms the existing standard sparsity-based techniques in MRI. Finally, we discuss the forest sparsity on multichannel MRI, which is a natural extension of tree sparsity.
Bubble Point Measurements of Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Mesoporous Media

The phase behavior change when fluids are in a confined system has been an important issue after shale reservoirs became the focus of new oil and gas resources. Most studies on phase behavior of confined fluid systems have focused on modeling pore size dependence upon critical properties with no direct experimental evidence. Direct bubble point measurements of hydrocarbon mixtures in two synthesized mesoporous materials are provided in this work. Two different synthesized mesoporous silica materials, SBA-15 and SBA-16, having similar pore sizes (namely, 4 nm), were used. Well-ordered nanopores with narrow pore size distribution characterized these synthesized mesoporous silica materials. Decane–methane and octane–methane mixtures in 90:10 molar ratios were employed. The phase diagrams of the hydrocarbon mixtures were generated using a commercial thermodynamic simulator. The bubble point pressure of bulk (no porous medium) mixtures of decane–methane and octane–methane and the bubble point pressures with me...
78-P: ANTI-HLA ANTIBODIES IN PEDIATRIC RECIPIENTS OF HEART ALLOGRAFTS

Aim To establish the impact of anti-HLA antibodies formed prior and/or following heart transplantation in a cohort of 137 pediatric recipients, transplanted between January 2000 and December 2011. Methods Anti-HLA class I and class II antibodies were monitored by traditional CDC methods using donor and panel T and B lymphocytes and SPA for detection of DSA. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed by protocol and whenever rejection was suspected. Results The allograft survival was 89% at 10 years in patients who had no lymphocytotoxic antibodies either before or after transplantation, yet dropped to 55% in patients who developed anti-HLA class I antibodies (p Conclusions All AMR episodes occurring in patients from this study population have documented evidence of complement binding antibodies and C4d deposition in the graft, reinforcing the conclusion that an integrated study of pathologic, immunologic and functional changes is required for timely and effective treatment of AMR.
Spectroscopic studies of dopant-induced conformational changes in poly (3-hexylthiophene) thin films

The effect of p-type doping at ultra-low concentrations (~10−4-10−5 monomer mol fraction) of the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is studied using charge modulation (CM) spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of CM spectra of doped P3HT show that dopants induce measurable changes in the P3HT local chain conformation. We find that the dopants reside in both the aggregate and amorphous regions of the polymer, not just in the amorphous regions, as previously assumed. With increased doping, the P3HT intrachain disorder grows, causing the P3HT chains to become more oligomer-like, which we postulate leads to the drop in mobility commonly observed in literature.
The Basal Ganglia System and Movement Sequencing

Like the cerebellum, the basal ganglia system is known from clinical and experimental evidence to constitute an important integrative mecha- nism of higher motor control. Comparison with the cerebellum, how- ever, stops there. Unlike the unitary cerebellum with its Stereotypic circuit, the basal ganglia system includes several large, dissimilar nuclei distributed in the fore- and midbrain, each with a complex microcircuitry of its own. And the synaptic interrelations among the components of the basal ganglia defy any simple logic; collectively, they use most of the classic neurotransmitters and multiple peptide cotransmitters, each of which interacts with an array of receptor subtypes. Whereas the cerebel- lum receives relatively raw sensory data, the basal ganglia system is synaptically removed from the sensory periphery; most sensory data presented to it arrive only after substantial reprocessing through the cerebral cortex. Likewise, the output of the basal ganglia system affects the final common pathway mainly indirectly by way of the corticospinal system, whereas that of the cerebellum impacts directly on all of the sources of descending motor control. This complexity, together with a relative inaccessibility to experimental manipulation, has hampered studies of the connections between the components of the basal ganglia and of the computations they perform; mechanistic knowledge is still sketchy. What is well known, however, is that lesions within the basal ganglia system due to vascular accident or inherited disease give rise to movement disorders (akinesia, tremor, involuntary movements, and postural disturbances) that are commonly encountered by the neurolo- gist. In fact, the most common of the adult-onset brain diseases, Parkin- son’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, have been linked to basal ganglia dysfunction. Even though the functional role of the basal ganglia system remains poorly understood, it is nonetheless imperative that future physicians become familiar with what is known about them. The subject of basal ganglia dysfunction is destined to concern them greatly as our society continues to gray.
Reaction p+p-->π + +d with Polarized Protons

The reaction $p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+d$ is analyzed. Using the statistical operator methods, we derive: (i) the production cross section for $s$-, $p$-, and $d$-wave mesons for the case of a polarized proton beam; (ii) the polarization of the deuteron for both polarized and unpolarized incident protons. With the restriction to $s$- and $p$-waves, the deuteron polarization gives new information about the production amplitudes; for an unpolarized proton beam for the $p$-wave production only, for a polarized one for $s$-waves as well. We discuss: (i) the possibilities of measuring the deuteron polarization; (ii) the relation of the phases of the production amplitudes to the $\mathrm{pp}$-scattering phases.
A Critique of the Behavioral Health Disability System

A snapshot of the behavioral health (BH) spectrum reveals numerous factors that dramatically impede favorable treatment and disability leave outcomes. The managed care system was originally developed as a means to have the primary care physician (PCP) manage an individual’s health concerns. However, an unintended result has been that PCPs have become the primary professionals who are treating BH concerns. Thus, the primary care system has become the de facto mental health system in this country. Moreover, the additional aspects of poor diagnostic processes, treatment follow-up, and referrals to BH professionals further compound the poor treatment outcome issue. Additionally, the impact that insurers and the federal disability program, Social Security Administration, of both lengthy approval processes for needed services and the lack of incentives to facilitate the individual’s return to work have resulted in a problematic issue of great complexity.
Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Prednisone Dose Intensification With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Markedly Depletes Stem Cell Reserve for Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation

Hematopoietic growth factors allow dose escalation of chemotherapy. This approach may potentially reduce the quality and quantity of hematopoietic stem cells. The capacity of stem cells recovered after dose intensification to support myeloablative therapy is unknown. In patients with previously untreated advanced follicular lymphoma, trilineage hematopoietic engraftment was compared in two sequential trials of induction therapy (standard dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone [CHOP] without growth factors or dose intensification CHOP supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF ]) followed by identical myeloablative therapy and autologous stem cell support. Neutrophil, platelet, and red blood cell (RBC) engraftment were compared on days 100, 180, and 360 after stem cell reinfusion. Despite similar patient characteristics including reinfusion of comparable numbers of marrow mononuclear cells, after stem cell transplantation, a highly significant prolongation of neutrophil and platelet engraftment was seen in patients who received high dose CHOP and G-CSF in comparison to standard dose CHOP. These findings suggest that dose intensified chemotherapy and G-CSF recruited stem cells into a proliferative phase and that G-CSF allowed retreatment at a time when stem cells were susceptible to damage by cytotoxic therapy. Such inadequate hematologic engraftment after myeloablative therapy might be avoided by either shortening the time that growth factor support is administered, lengthening the interval between cycles, or attempting to repetitively harvest additional stem cells either from the marrow or peripheral blood. Therefore, intensification of chemotherapy with growth factor support must be used with caution if stem cells are to be used to support myeloablative therapy.
Do Patients with Cellulitis Need to be Hospitalized? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Mortality Rates of Inpatients with Cellulitis.

Cellulitis is a common cause of hospitalization. In the USA, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code “other cellulitis and abscess” accounts for 1.4% of all admissions and $5.5 billion in annual costs. The Infectious Disease Society of America recommends hospitalization for patients with cellulitis under certain circumstances but there is little actual clinical evidence to guide the decision to admit. The purpose of this study is to determine the mortality rate of patients hospitalized with cellulitis and to ascertain if the rate is comparable to the rate for low risk patients with community acquired pneumonia that are currently recommended for outpatient management. A systematic literature search was conducted for studies of consecutive patients hospitalized with cellulitis or erysipelas that reported inpatient mortality. Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The mortality rates from the included studies were pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 statistic. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. The overall worldwide mortality rate was 1.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7–1.8). For studies from the USA, the rate was 0.5% (95% CI 0.3–0.9). The actual cause of death was generally poorly described, and only one third of deaths appeared to be due to infection. The estimated mortality rate for patients currently being hospitalized for cellulitis is comparable to the mortality rate of patients with community-acquired pneumonia that are recommended for outpatient management by the Pneumonia Severity Index and CURB65 prediction models and strongly endorsed by major infectious disease societies. Outpatient management of these patients could result in large cost savings and may be much preferred by patients.
Arriving: Expanding the Personal State Sequence

When arriving to a social encounter, how and when can a person show how s/he is doing/feeling? This article answers this question, examining personal state sequences in copresent openings of casual...
Hierarchical porous ceramics via two-stage freeze casting of preceramic polymers

Freeze-cast porous ceramics are of interest due to a broad range of applications such as filters, bioscaffolds, and catalyst supports. However, achieving the desired mechanical strength while retaining sufficient functionality, such as permeability, has been challenging. In this work, hierarchical structures of bridged lamellar pores were created via two-stage freeze casting of a preceramic polymer to enhance compressive strength of the resulting SiOC. It has been shown that the bridge density can be controlled by changing the concentration of preceramic polymer in solution and compressive strength increased approximately threefold while permeability constants ranged from 9.63 × 10^(−13) to 3.96 × 10^(−12) m^2.
Mujer y sociedad: construyendo y reconstruyendo la imagen social de las académicas

Imaginando los pasos realizados por Florence Nightingale para posicionar a la enfermeria como una profesion moderna y proactiva e instalando los principios que guiarian la disciplina desde anos tan remotos -siglo XIX- y en una sociedad tan restrictiva como fue la epoca victoriana. Su genuina rebelion se oriento no solo contra los prejuicios de la epoca, sino que, contra el destino de las mujeres, sin posibilidades de educarse ni salir del hogar para participar en los acontecimientos sociales
Linguistic Analysis of Pretrained Sentence Encoders with Acceptability Judgments

Recent work on evaluating grammatical knowledge in pretrained sentence encoders gives a fine-grained view of a small number of phenomena. We introduce a new analysis dataset that also has broad coverage of linguistic phenomena. We annotate the development set of the Corpus of Linguistic Acceptability (CoLA; Warstadt et al., 2018) for the presence of 13 classes of syntactic phenomena including various forms of argument alternations, movement, and modification. We use this analysis set to investigate the grammatical knowledge of three pretrained encoders: BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), GPT (Radford et al., 2018), and the BiLSTM baseline from Warstadt et al. We find that these models have a strong command of complex or non-canonical argument structures like ditransitives (Sue gave Dan a book) and passives (The book was read). Sentences with long distance dependencies like questions (What do you think I ate?) challenge all models, but for these, BERT and GPT have a distinct advantage over the baseline. We conclude that recent sentence encoders, despite showing near-human performance on acceptability classification overall, still fail to make fine-grained grammaticality distinctions for many complex syntactic structures.
Viewpoint: Advanced practitioners: friend or foe?

The attitude among GPs towards advanced practitioners (APs) has become polarised between those in favour of APs having a greater role in primary care and those who consider APs to be ‘just doctors on the cheap’ and a threat to both the existence of GPs and the welfare of their patients.1,2 As someone who has worked as both an AP in the US and as a GP in this country, I can confidently endorse the view that APs are capable of being trained to perform many of the tasks and to care for many of the patients that GPs do at present. However, having been involved in developing training programmes for APs working in primary care, I do have concerns over the training that APs are given in comparison with GPs and the roles that they are being asked to perform …
Pomalidomide desensitization for hypersensitivity: A case report.

IntroductionPomalidomide is an immunomodulating agent that is used to treat relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Although the incidence of hypersensitivity with pomalidomide is not well doc...
Inline gamma-spectrometry of fission product elements after rapid high-pressure ion chromatographic separation

Analysis of irradiated material shortly after irradiation can be non-trivial due to highly radioactive activation and fission isotopes increasing dead time in gamma-ray detection systems, often requiring a “cooling-period” between receipt of a sample and the subsequent analysis. A direct separation–detection method has been developed combining ion chromatography and inductively coupled mass spectrometry for rapid, low-level analysis of fission products; it cannot, however, detect certain short-lived species below the detection limit of the system. Here we report the implementation of an inline gamma-ray detector, which was added post-separation, pre-analysis, to test the quality and utility of elementally-isolated gamma-ray spectroscopy.
Experiential Application of a Culinary Medicine Cultural Immersion Program for Health Professionals.

Nutrition is a key factor in preventing and treating long-term disease. Patients should be advised to follow evidence-based dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, which has shown success...