cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Penicillinase by Staphylococcus Aureus

The effects of aeration, ferric ions, porphyrins, and disodium versenate were studied on the production of penicillinase (ps) by Staphylococcus aureus 55-C-1 in synthetic medium. The production of ps was twice as high in shaken compared to static cultures although growth ultimately was the same. Ferric ions in a concentration of 2.5 × 10−4 M had some stimulatory effect on ps production in static cultures but caused much greater ps stimulation in shaken cultures. This stimulatory effect could be demonstrated only if ferric ions were added prior to 3 hr. of incubation. Hemin in a concentration of 2.5 × 10−5 M depressed ps production in the presence of ferric ions but one-tenth the concentration of hemin did not. Hematin in the same concentration was without effect. Protoporphyrin in a concentration of 2.5 × 10−5 M inhibited growth in the absence of ferric ions and depressed ps production in the presence of ferric ions. One-tenth the concentration of protoporphyrin had no effect on growth but depressed ps production and only slightly depressed ps production in the presence of ferric ions. A concentration of 2.5 × 10−6 M hematoporphyrin inhibited ps production in the presence of ferric ions when the former was added early in the growth curve. Disodium versenate in a concentration of 1.32 × 10−5 M in the presence of ferric ions permitted good growth but no ps production.
Active infrared multispectral imaging of chemicals on surfaces

We investigated the signature phenomenology of long-wave infrared (LWIR) reflectance of contaminated surfaces using a quantum-cascade laser (QCL) that tunes from λ = 9.1 to 9.8 μm and a HgCdTe focal-plane-array (FPA) with custom read-out integrated circuit (ROIC). A liquid chemical, diethyl phthalate (DEP), was applied to a variety of substrates such as diffusely reflecting gold, concrete, asphalt, and sand. Multispectral image-cubes of the scattered radiation were generated over 81 wavelengths in steps of 1 cm -1 at standoff distances ranging from 0.1 to 5 meters. For idealized substrates such as diffusely reflecting gold, the experimentally measured signatures are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Clear signatures were also obtained for contaminated concrete, asphalt, and sand. These measurements demonstrate the potential of this technique for detecting and classifying chemicals on native outdoor surfaces.
INEQUALITY IN THE TYPES OF SENTENCES RECEIVED BY NATIVE AMERICANS AND WHITES

A comparison of the distribution of the types of sentences imposed on native American offenders and Write offenders by the district courts of a western state reveals that the native American offenders were more likely to receive sentences involving incarceration in the state prison and were less likely to receive sentences which would have allowed them partially to escape stigmatization as a “convicted felon.” The introduction of a number of test factors revealed that these ethnic differences in the sentence received could only slightly be explained by ethnic differences in the kinds of offenses involved or in other differences in the legal and personal background characteristics of the offenders. A number of possible explanations of the discrepancies in the sentencing of native Americans and whites are suggested. However, regardless of the best explanation of these discrepancies, there are reasons to believe that these discrepancies in themselves may have contributed to an increased probability that the native American offenders would engage in future criminal activity and that these offenders would continue to receive harsher sentences than would similar White offenders.
Ultra-sensitive magnetoelectric sensor with high saturation field

Magnetoelectric effect is a material phenomenon featuring the interchange between magnetic and electric energies or signals. Ultra sensitive magnetic sensor operating at room temperature can be realized by the magnetoelectric coupling, this sensor has the potential to be used for bio signal detection like biomagnetic liver susceptometry (BLS) because of its high sensitivity and high saturation field.
Terapia hormonal sustitutiva en pacientes con antecedente de cáncer de mama

Resumen En general, no se aconseja el tratamiento con terapia hormonal sustitutiva (THS) de las pacientes con antecedente de cancer mamario. Esta actitud se debe a la creencia, no demostrada, de que los estrogenos pueden aumentar el riesgo de recidiva tumoral. Numerosos trabajos sugieren que la THS no aumenta de forma clinicamente relevante el riesgo de recidiva tumoral o de segundo tumor primario. Sin embargo, muchos de ellos son poco concluyentes. En la actualidad, no existen datos fiables sobre los riesgos y beneficios que entrana la THS en estas pacientes. El clinico debe conocer el estado actual de la evidencia respecto a este tema para poder informar detalladamente a la paciente, la cual tendra la ultima palabra
Fabrication and characterization of a bioactive glass coating on titanium implant alloys

Ongoing research is reported aimed at improving biofixation through the use of bioactive glass coatings on Ti-based implant alloys. The optimized processing conditions for coating with one promising bioactive glass composition are discussed, and the stress corrosion crack growth behavior in a simulated human physiological environment is presented. This glass can be successfully used to coat Ti implant alloys, and preliminary tests indicate that interfacial fracture resistance is good.
Symptom frequency and distress from 5 to 10 years after heart transplantation.

Background Patterns of symptom frequency and distress have not been examined long-term after heart transplantation, nor have predictors of long-term symptom frequency and distress. This report identified the most commonly reported and distressful symptoms long-term after transplantation, described patterns of symptom frequency and distress over time, and examined predictors of symptom frequency and distress at 5 and 10 years after heart transplantation. Methods The sample included 555 participants from a prospective, multisite, longitudinal study of quality of life outcomes. Patients were 78% male, 88% white, 79% married, and mean age of 54 years at time of heart transplantation. Data were collected using patient self-report and medical records review. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, t -tests, and generalized linear models. Results Significant predictors of lower symptom frequency after heart transplantation were not having psychological problems and not having cardiac allograft vasculopathy at 5 years, and not having psychological problems and not having infection at 10 years. Significant predictors of less symptom distress were having more than a high school education, having no psychological problems, and having gout at 5 years, and being married at 10 years. Conclusions Symptom frequency is low and symptom distress is moderate long-term after heart transplantation. Significant relationships exist between both demographic and clinical variables and symptom frequency and distress. Identification of the most common and bothersome symptoms after heart transplantation provides clinicians with important information from which to develop a plan of care.
Half-thickness inversion layer high-frequency ultrasonic transducers using LiNbO/sub 3/ single crystal

Half-thickness inversion layer high-frequency ultrasonic transducers were fabricated using lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal plate. The transducers developed for this study used a 36deg rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 thin plate with an active element thickness of 115 mum. The designed center frequency was in the range of 30 to 60 MHz. Half-thickness inversion layer was formed after the sample was annealed at a high temperature, and it is shown that the inversion layer thickness can be controlled by the temperature. Silver powder/epoxy composite and parylene were used as acoustic matching layers. A lossy silver epoxy was used as the backing material. Using an analytical method, the electrical impedance for different inversion layer ratios was determined. The measured resonant frequency was consistent with the modeled data. Even-order higher frequency broadband ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency at 60 MHz were obtained using half-thickness inversion layer of LiNbO3 single crystal
Scalable high-level caching for parallel I/O

Summary form only given. In order for I/O systems to achieve high performance in a parallel environment, they must either sacrifice client-side file caching, or keep caching and deal with complex coherency issues. The most common technique for dealing with cache coherency in multiclient file caching environments uses file locks to bypass the client-side cache. Aside from effectively disabling cache usage, file locking is sometimes unavailable on larger systems. The high-level abstraction layer of MPI allows us to tackle cache coherency with additional information and coordination without using file locks. By approaching the cache coherency issue further up, the underlying I/O accesses can be modified in such a way as to ensure access to coherent data while satisfying the user's I/O request. We can effectively exploit the benefits of a file system's client-side cache while minimizing its management costs.
An electron microscope study of the relative positions of the 4S and ribosomal RNA genes in HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA

Abstract The 4S RNA genes in HeLa mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been mapped by electron microscopy using the electron-opaque label ferritin. This method is based on the high affinity interaction between the protein, avidin, and biotin. 4S RNA, covalently coupled to biotin, was hybridized to single-stranded mtDNA. The hybrids were then labeled with ferritin-avidin conjugates. The positions of ferritin-labeled 4S RNA genes were determined relative to the rRNA genes on both heavy (H) and light (L) strands of mtDNA. This region was recognized as a duplex segment after hybridization either with rRNA in the case of H strands or with DNA complementary to rRNA in the case of L strands. Our studies suggest that at least nineteen 4S RNA genes are present in the HeLa mitochondrial genome. On the H strand, we have confirmed the nine map positions found in a previous electron microscope mapping study (Wu et al., 1972) and obtained evidence for three additional 4S RNA genes. On the L strand, seven 4S RNA genes have been mapped. The nineteen genes are distributed more or less uniformly around the genome. There is a pair of closely spaced genes, approximately 150 nucleotides apart, on the H strand, and another closely spaced pair on the L strand.
Training in Counseling Psychology Issues and Trends in 1986

The results of the 1986 survey of the Council of Counseling Psychology Training Programs are reported. Important findings include: (1) Women outnumber men in admissions, enrollment, and graduations; (2) student enrollment has continued to increase, yet the number of faculty has declined; (3) university counseling centers remain the most popular practicum placement, whereas university counseling centers and Veterans Administration hospitals are most favored for internship settings; (4) community mental health centers and university counseling centers continue to provide most initial job placements; and (5)program directors perceive the issue of generic versus specialty training to be the most critical problem currently affecting training.
Embedded image transmission based on adaptive modulation and constrained retransmission over block fading channels

We consider the problem of embedded image transmission with feedback of channel state information (CSI) and retransmission request. Adaptive modulation is employed to improve the spectral efficiency. Constrained retransmission is employed to provide reliable packet transmission with limited delay. Performance analysis and numerical results over Nakagami block fading channels are provided for the transmission system with statistical or instantaneous CSI at the transmitter. The results show that CSI at the transmitter is very important for adaptive modulation/coding over fading channels.
Mesulergine (CU32‐085) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with the 8-alpha-ergoline derivative mesulergine. Participants were divided into two groups, and over a nine-week period, mesulergine dosage was increased to a maximum of either 10 or 20 mg daily. During this time levodopa-carbidopa (LD-CD) dosage was reduced and treatment was discontinued if possible. The dosage of LD-CD was reduced 75% in the 10 mg group and 74% in the 20 mg group. Patients in the low-dose group maintained their functional status and showed improvement in postural stability. Patients in the high-dose group showed improvement in each of the cardinal signs of parkinsonism. Adverse effects were generally mild and infrequent. Many adverse effects induced by LD-CD diminished or resolved. Our results suggest that mesulergine can be valuable in the management of Parkinson's disease, particularly in those individuals experiencing dose-limiting adverse effects from LD-CD.
Comparing the Sample-Weighted and Unweighted Meta-Analysis: An Applied Perspective

An extensive comparison of the sample-weighted method (Hunter & Schmidt, 1990), and a newer unweighted method (Osburn & Callender, 1992) of meta-analysis is presented using actual data. Several of the advantages of the unweighted method predicted by Osburn and Callendar’s simulation research did not always hold in actual application. Specifically, the unweighted method did not always produce larger estimates of observed variance, credibility intervals, and confidence intervals than the sample-weighted method when large sample outliers are present. Also, Osburn and Callender’s research on mean sampling variance formulae did not generalize to meta-analysis using the average correlation estimator to measure sample error variance. Finally, results show that while both methods may generate similar parameter and variance estimates in primary meta-analysis, they may lead researchers to reach different substantive conclusions in the analysis of moderators.
Causal Vaccine Effects on Binary Postinfection Outcomes

The effects of vaccine on postinfection outcomes, such as disease, death, and secondary transmission to others, are important scientific and public health aspects of prophylactic vaccination. As a result, evaluation of many vaccine effects condition on being infected. Conditioning on an event that occurs posttreatment (in our case, infection subsequent to assignment to vaccine or control) can result in selection bias. Moreover, because the set of individuals who would become infected if vaccinated is likely not identical to the set of those who would become infected if given control, comparisons that condition on infection do not have a causal interpretation. In this article we consider identifiability and estimation of causal vaccine effects on binary postinfection outcomes. Using the principal stratification framework, we define a postinfection causal vaccine efficacy estimand in individuals who would be infected regardless of treatment assignment. The estimand is shown to be not identifiable under the standard assumptions of the stable unit treatment value, monotonicity, and independence of treatment assignment. Thus selection models are proposed that identify the causal estimand. Closed-form maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) are then derived under these models, including those assuming maximum possible levels of positive and negative selection bias. These results show the relations between the MLE of the causal estimand and two commonly used estimators for vaccine effects on postinfection outcomes. For example, the usual intent-to-treat estimator is shown to be an upper bound on the postinfection causal vaccine effect provided that the magnitude of protection against infection is not too large. The methods are used to evaluate postinfection vaccine effects in a clinical trial of a rotavirus vaccine candidate and in a field study of a pertussis vaccine. Our results show that pertussis vaccination has a significant causal effect in reducing disease severity.
Linkage analyses at the chromosome 1 loci 1q24-25 (HPC1), 1q42.2-43 (PCAP), and 1p36 (CAPB) in families with hereditary prostate cancer.

Summary Recent studies suggest that hereditary prostate cancer (PRCA) is a complex disease, involving multiple susceptibility genes and variable phenotypic expression. Through linkage analysis, potential prostate cancer susceptibility loci have been mapped to 3 regions on chromosome 1. To investigate the reported linkage to these regions, we conducted linkage studies on 144 PRCA families by using microsatellite markers in regions 1q24-25 (HPC1) and 1q42.2-43 (PCAP). We also examined the 1p36 (CAPB) region in 13 PRCA families with at least one case of brain cancer. No significant evidence of linkage to the HPC1 or PCAP region was found when the entire data set was analyzed. However, weak evidence for linkage to HPC1 was observed in the subset of families with male-to-male transmission ( n =102; maximum multipoint nonparametric linkage [NPL] 1.99, P =.03). Weak evidence for linkage with heterogeneity within this subset was also observed (HLOD 1.21, P =.02), with ∼20% of families linked. Although not statistically significant, suggestive evidence for linkage to PCAP was observed for the families ( n =21) that met the three criteria of male-to-male transmission, average age of diagnosis P =.08). There was no evidence for linkage to CAPB in the brain cancer–prostate cancer subset. These results strengthen the argument that prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease and that multiple genetic and environmental factors may be important for its etiology.
Measurement of instantaneous blood flow

Summary The measurement of instantaneous blood flow in the intact, unanesthetized animal is of major importance to both the physiologist and the cardiologist. The design requirements for an ideal measuring instrument are so demanding, however, that no presently available instrument fulfills all the criteria. The electromagnetic and ultrasonic flowmeter, the thermistor flow sensor and the pressure sensing technics have many limitations, as have been discussed in this paper. Despite these limitations, a number of technics have been developed which are useful in certain experimental situations.
The Postseason Value of an Elite Player to a Contending Team

This paper suggests the possibility that a superstar's ability to propel a team into the playoffs may make him particularly valuable—pushing his salary beyond that which would otherwise be expected. Whereas a team in Major League Baseball (MLB) could play as many as 11 additional home games by the time it concludes the World Series, the number of home-field playoff games is a random variable with a mean of about 4 extra home games. Using reasonable assumptions, this implies that the expected increase in a MLB team's revenues associated with making the playoffs is about $11 million. The analysis shows that contending teams pay elite players (on average) an extra $2.8 million—a 40% bonus—to lure superstars to their rosters.
Surfacing the Realpolitik: Democratic Evaluation in an Antidemocratic Climate.

How can stakeholders be included when deliberative democratic evaluation is carried out in an antidemocratic evaluation?
Transmission of Retroviral Infection by Transfusion of Seronegative Blood in Nonhuman Primates

Techniques such as polyclonal B cell activation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis have documented the existence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative but infected humans and nonhuman primates. To establish whether blood from such seronegative but PWM- and PCR-positive monkeys can transmit infection, naive macaques were transfused with whole blood (n = 2) or cultured cells and supernatant fluid (n = 2) from two seronegative but PWM- and PCR-positive sooty mangabeys. After transfusion, three of the four recipients seroconverted, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all four recipients secreted SIV-reactive antibodies upon polyclonal activation in vitro and were SIV-positive by PCR that used highly specific gag primer pairs and probe. In addition, CD8+ cells from all four recipients markedly inhibited replication of SIV in autologous cells in vitro. These data suggest caution in the sole use of serologic tests for the detection of retroviral infection and document the ability of such blood samples to transmit infection.
A new function of BMP4: dual role for BMP4 in regulation of Sonic hedgehog expression in the mouse tooth germ

The murine tooth development is governed by sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Multiple signaling molecules are expressed in the developing tooth germ and interact each other to mediate the inductive tissue interactions. Among them are Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP2) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP4). We have investigated the interactions between these signaling molecules during early tooth development. We found that the expression of Shh and Bmp2 is downregulated at E12.5 and E13.5 in the dental epithelium of the Msx1 mutant tooth germ where Bmp4 expression is significantly reduced in the dental mesenchyme. Inhibition of BMP4 activity by noggin resulted in repression of Shh and Bmp2 in wild-type dental epithelium. When implanted into the dental mesenchyme of Msx1 mutants, beads soaked with BMP4 protein were able to restore the expression of both Shh and Bmp2 in the Msx1 mutant epithelium. These results demonstrated that mesenchymal BMP4 represents one component of the signal acting on the epithelium to maintain Shh and Bmp2 expression. In contrast, BMP4-soaked beads repressed Shh and Bmp2 expression in the wild-type dental epithelium. TUNEL assay indicated that this suppression of gene expression by exogenous BMP4 was not the result of an increase in programmed cell death in the tooth germ. Ectopic expression of human Bmp4 to the dental mesenchyme driven by the mouse Msx1 promoter restored Shh expression in the Msx1 mutant dental epithelium but repressed Shh in the wild-type tooth germ in vivo. We further demonstrated that this regulation of Shh expression by BMP4 is conserved in the mouse developing limb bud. In addition, Shh expression was unaffected in the developing limb buds of the transgenic mice in which a constitutively active Bmpr-IB is ectopically expressed in the forelimb posterior mesenchyme and throughout the hindlimb mesenchyme, suggesting that the repression of Shh expression by BMP4 may not be mediated by BMP receptor-IB. These results provide evidence for a new function of BMP4. BMP4 can act upstream to Shh by regulating Shh expression in mouse developing tooth germ and limb bud. Taken together, our data provide insight into a new regulatory mechanism for Shh expression, and suggest that this BMP4-mediated pathway in Shh regulation may have a general implication in vertebrate organogenesis.
Metabolic Context and Possible Physiological Themes of ς54-Dependent Genes in Escherichia coli

ς54 has several features that distinguish it from other sigma factors in Escherichia coli: it is not homologous to other ς subunits, ς54-dependent expression absolutely requires an activator, and the activator binding sites can be far from the transcription start site. A rationale for these properties has not been readily apparent, in part because of an inability to assign a common physiological function for ς54-dependent genes. Surveys of ς54-dependent genes from a variety of organisms suggest that the products of these genes are often involved in nitrogen assimilation; however, many are not. Such broad surveys inevitably remove the ς54-dependent genes from a potentially coherent metabolic context. To address this concern, we consider the function and metabolic context of ς54-dependent genes primarily from a single organism, Escherichia coli, in which a reasonably complete list of ς54-dependent genes has been identified by computer analysis combined with a DNA microarray analysis of nitrogen limitation-induced genes. E. coli appears to have approximately 30 ς54-dependent operons, and about half are involved in nitrogen assimilation and metabolism. A possible physiological relationship between ς54-dependent genes may be based on the fact that nitrogen assimilation consumes energy and intermediates of central metabolism. The products of the ς54-dependent genes that are not involved in nitrogen metabolism may prevent depletion of metabolites and energy resources in certain environments or partially neutralize adverse conditions. Such a relationship may limit the number of physiological themes of ς54-dependent genes within a single organism and may partially account for the unique features of ς54 and ς54-dependent gene expression.
Variations in Outcome of Endodontic Surgery

Significant advances in the field of surgical endodontics have resulted in more predictable outcomes. A thorough understanding of the etiology of posttreatment endodontic disease will serve as a basis for better surgical treatment. Technically, EMS allows surgeons to have better opportunities to identify and eliminate the etiologies as compared to TES. In this chapter, the variations in outcomes between EMS and TES observed in the literature were identified by contrasting the differences in surgical techniques. A striking difference in success rates between the two surgical treatment modalities exists, and it is explained by the different techniques employed in achieving disinfection and attaining an adequate apical seal. Finally, the results of various outcome studies should be carefully interpreted with a full understanding of prognostic factors, because the hidden heterogeneity in different studies can alter the outcomes significantly.
Measuring Rater Reliability on a Special Education Observation Tool

This study used generalizability theory to measure reliability on the Recognizing Effective Special Education Teachers (RESET) observation tool designed to evaluate special education teacher effect...
Motivating Political Responsibility for Children in Poor Countries

In this essay I argue that there are other parties responsible for the democratic political education of children besides the state, nongovernmental organizations such as Save the Children, and multilaterial organizations such as UNICEF. These other parties are the individuals and institutions who benefit through their relationships with children in need in poor countries. Some are domestic and some are foreign. As sponsors of orphanages, agents of international adoption, and employers of household labor, individuals and institutions, primarily but not exclusively from rich countries, incur a responsibility for the democratic political education of children in poor countries. My argument for this responsibility is in two parts. First I introduce two concepts of responsibility for the violation of children's rights: cause responsibility and benefit responsibility. The second part of the essay addresses the problem of how to motivate parties who are benefit responsible for the violation or unfulfillment of children's rights to recognize and act on these political responsibilities.
Initial Impressions in the Organizational Buyer-Seller Dyad: Sales Management Implications

The purpose of this research effort is to investigate the phenomenon of initial impressions as related to the organizational buyer/seller dyad. A sample of organizational buyer members of the National Association of Purchasing Management (NAPM) representing a variety of industries participated in the study. The stimulus manipulations consisted of professionally rendered artist sketches which differentiated the nature of the initial impression stimulus only by salesperson race and sex. Immediate affect formation was evaluated based upon responses to these two variables. The dependent variables consisted of factor scores representing the factor structures of competence/trust, power, and likability (derived from Wilding and Bauer 1968). Results indicated different first impressions were formed as a function of race and gender “match-up” between buyer and seller, thus lending support for immediate affect generation theory.
Letter by Cohen and Maurer Regarding Article, “Prognostic Value of Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Cardiac Amyloidosis”

We read with great interest the study by Fontana et al1 in a large cohort of subjects with cardiac amyloidosis demonstrating the association of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on magnetic resonance imaging with increasing amyloid infiltration of the myocardium, as measured by extracellular volume, and the incremental prognostic value associated with transmural LGE on survival. LGE is pathologically associated with amyloid infiltration of the myocardium and concomitant fibrosis. Thus, LGE is indicative of pathological hypertrophy and has now been shown to have prognostic significance in amyloid. Accordingly, we hypothesize that a novel …
Polymer blends for LDB applications

A series of LCP/PE blends have been studied to determine the potential of such systems to produce a high modulus balloon film material which retains the balloon fabrication and low temperature flight advantages of the current PE films. Blown films of blends of 5 and 15 percent LCP in PE have been produced which show a 28 percent enhancement in modulus over the neat PE matrix. These results are substantially lower than anticipated and are explained in terms of the LCP reinforcement aspect ratio and fibril diameter.
Abstract 2040: The Mre11 nuclease is critical for sensitivity of cells to Chk1 inhibition

The Chk1 kinase is required for the arrest of cell cycle progression when DNA is damaged, thereby providing time for cells to repair their DNA and recover. Chk1 also stabilizes stalled replication forks. As a consequence, many Chk1 inhibitors have been developed and tested for their potential to enhance DNA damage-induced tumor cell killing. However, inhibition of Chk1 alone, without any additional exogenous agent, can be cytotoxic. Using the novel Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 (previously known as SCH900776), we screened a panel of cell lines and found that some are killed rapidly at low concentrations while other cell lines continue to grow in the presence of much higher concentrations. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of this sensitivity is critical for defining which patients might respond best to therapy with Chk1 inhibitors. We have investigated the mechanism of sensitivity in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Upon incubation with MK-8776, single-stranded DNA regions (ssDNA) and double-strand breaks (DSB) begin to appear within 6 h. These DSB have been attributed to the structure-specific DNA endonuclease, Mus81. The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) complex is known to be responsible for the resection of DSB to ssDNA. However, we show that inhibition of the Mre11 nuclease activity leads to a decrease not only in the amount of ssDNA following Chk1 inhibition, but also in the formation of DSB, suggesting that DSB arise as a consequence of ssDNA formation. These findings were corroborated by the discovery that Mre11-deficient ATLD1 cells are highly resistant to MK-8776 and form neither ssDNA nor DSB following treatment, but once complimented with exogenous Mre11, the cells accumulate both ssDNA and DSB when incubated with MK-8776. Inhibition of Chk1 also leads to aberrant activation of Cdc25A and Cdk2, and our findings suggest that Mre11 provides the link between Cdk2 activation and Mus81. We propose that the variable sensitivity of cell lines to Chk1 inhibition reflects defects in this pathway. These data highlight a novel role for Mre11 in the production of DSB and may help define which tumors are more sensitive to MK-8776 alone or in combination with DNA damaging agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2040. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2040
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Characterizes Myocarditis in a 16-Year-Old Female With Lyme Disease

Myocarditis may occur during early disseminated Lyme disease. A 16-year-old girl with serologic evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi infection and transient first-degree atrioventricular block underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which demonstrated myocardial hyperemia, edema, and delayed gadolinium enhancement. We discuss the use of T1- and T2-weighted dark blood sequences in addition to inversion recovery delayed enhancement imaging to support the diagnosis of Lyme myocarditis.
Design of a high efficient embedded real time virtual soft keyboard

Giving the design based on Agilent latest gas chromatograph 7820A case.A new keyboard design approach which meets the high real time requirements in the conventional industry instrument.By leveraging the latest.Net and ethernet technology,this solution could demonstrate the same high real time efficiency as the hardware keyboard,also offering the more extension opportunities without adding extra hardware investment.
TURBULENCE AND HIGHER ORDER BIFURCATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on turbulence and higher order bifurcations. Turbulence is a phenomenon that can be observed in various hydrodynamical systems that depend on a parameter ω—for example, an external force, or the viscosity or Reynolds number. As this parameter crosses some critical value ω, a very complicated and chaotic behavior in the fluid flow is noticed. This behavior is oftentimes referred to as turbulence. The central mathematical problem is to give a mathematical description of not only the chaotic behavior but also the behavior of the flow before the onset of turbulence. A study of the changes in the underlying flow as the parameter ω varies is crucial for an understanding of turbulence. As this parameter varies, changes in the flow can be observed that can be described by bifurcation theory. The chapter describes the Hopf theory of first order bifurcations T0 → T1. It considers the second-order bifurcation T1 → T2 and also describes both the Chenciner–Iooss theory and the Sell theory of higher order bifurcations.
Einfache, tragbare, kurvenschreibende Gerinnungsmaschine für Notfallstation, Operationssaal und Krankenzimmer

Was der behandelnde Arzt zur raschen Information uber Blutgerinnung bzw. auftretende Blutgerinnungsanderungen am Krankenbett und speziell in der Notfallstation, im Operationssaal oder nachts benotigt, ist ein tragbares Instrument, das sofort aufschlusreiche Kurven liefert, welche die Dynamik der Blutgerinnung widerspiegeln, und dessen ganz einfache Bedienung keinerlei Fachkenntnisse erfordert und — dieses ist besonders wichtig — den Arzt in Notfallsituationen vom Laboratorium vollig unabhangig macht. Der dadurch erzielte Zeitgewinn kann fur den Erfolg der Behandlung von entscheidender Bedeutung sein. Ein solches Instrument gab es bisher nicht.
Productivity from the Bottom Up: Firms and Resource Allocation in Latin America

Consider a leading sports team. To succeed, it must be staffed with good players and they must be placed in the right positions. Just like a successful sports team, the productivity of an economy depends on two basic factors: the productivity of its firms (the players) and the allocation of its available resources (labor and capital) among its firms (the positions). And just as a team full of stars can play poorly if players are assigned to the wrong positions, aggregate productivity depends on much more than the productivity of individual firms. Of course, it would be difficult to put together a successful team-or economy-with weak or inexperienced players.
Influencing the Utilization of International Law

To continue the articulation of general conclusions concerning the role of international law and the legal process within the international regime of transboundary environmental protection among CEE states, this chapter examines the groups of relevant sub-state actors and third parties capable of influencing transboundary environmental dispute resolution and the role of law within that process. This chapter then examines the categories of situational circumstances structuring the ability of states, sub-state actors and third parties to promote the resolution of disputes and the use of international law. Finally, in order to establish a basis from which to predict whether CEE states may be more inclined to rely upon international law, this chapter identifies factors that promote the functionality of international law within the regime of transboundary environmental protection, and thereby enhance the likelihood CEE states will rely upon international law to assist in the resolution of their transboundary environmental disputes.
Tipping the scales: short-term interventions and counterinsurgency

ABSTRACTParticularly in African operations, United Nations (UN) peacekeeping forces have faced significant problems in restoring stability. In at least a few situations, unilateral national military interventions have been launched in the same countries. In the cases of Sierra Leone and Cote d’Ivoire, the British and French interventions respectively played a significant role in re-establishing stability. Lessons from these operations suggest that if effective coordination and liaison channels are established, such hybrid unilateral-UN missions can in fact be more successful than “pure” peace operations.
Developmental Regulation of Enzyme Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been a model organism for studying developmental processes in an eukaryote. The life cycle involves both haploid and diploid cells. These cells undergo spherical vegetative growth or polar growth leading to the formation of a discreet morphological bud early in the mitotic cell cycle. During sporulation in diploid cells, meiosis and ascospore formation leads to haploid cells which may then conjugate to complete the life cycle.
Inhibition of Fetal Hemoglobin Reactivation in Adult Human Erythroblasts.

Abstract The highly variable levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) reactivation among patients with sickle cell disease is not well understood. We previously determined that pancellular reversal of gamma-globin gene silencing is achievable through the activation of specific signal transduction pathways using stem cell factor (SCF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B). Based upon the reliability of this culture assay for HbF reactivation, the culture system is additionally being utilized to screen for inhibitors of HbF reactivation. As an initial screening strategy, published reports, high-throughput sequencing efforts, and array-based transcription profiles were examined to identify erythroblast-expressed receptors with known ligands that may serve a signaling role in the regulation of globin expression. A dose-escalation strategy was used to screen seventeen ligands that bind to a subset of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Among those ligands, oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (OLPA) and neurokinin A (NKA) were identified as potential inhibitors of HbF reactivation. Lysophosphatidic acid is a lipid metabolite that is released after tissue injury and may play a role in vascular remodeling. Neurokinin A is a small neuropeptide mainly involved in pain signaling. OLPA inhibited HbF reactivation in a dose-dependent manner (HbF/HbF+HbA ratios: EPO: 0.7±0.01%; EPO+SCF+TGF-B (EST): 36.3±0.1%; EST+10nM OLPA: 36.5±0.1%; EST+100nM OLPA: 31.6±0.1%; EST+1uM OLPA: 12.7±0.1%, p=1.9E-03). NKA also inhibited HbF reactivation, but the magnitude of the NKA effect was donor-specific. Cells from one donor demonstrated a robust response (HbF/HbF+HbA ratios: EPO: 1.7%; EST: 26.7%; EST+10nM NKA: 24.5%; EST+100nM NKA: 8.8%; EST+1uM NKA: 7.8%). Since OLPA and NKA may both act through adenylate cyclase, the role of this enzyme was examined further using the activator, forskolin (0.8 uM-20uM) and inhibitor, SQ22536 (40uM – 600uM). While we were unable to demonstrate a significant increase in HbF among cultures grown in forskolin, the addition of SQ22536 resulted in a profound, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression of HbF (EPO: 1.3±1.2%; EST: 36.7±11.3%; EST+40uM SQ: 30.3±10.2%; EST+200 uM SQ : 14.5±4.5%, p=1.9E-02; EST+600uM SQ: 2.3±2.7%, p=4.1E-03). Flow cytometry revealed that the inhibitory effects of SQ22536 on HbF were pancellular. Importantly, inhibition of the main downstream target of adenylate cyclase (protein kinase A) with H89 (10nM-1.0 uM) did not result in a significant reduction in HbF. However, phosphorylation studies demonstrated that SQ22536 altered the kinetics of MEK activation. MEK is a kinase that helps mediate the HbF-activating effect of SCF [Blood 2004, 1;103(5):1929–33]. These data suggest that inhibitory effects upon HbF reactivation in adult erythroblasts can be mediated by endogenous signaling molecules. Based upon these results, we propose that patient-specific responses to tissue injury and pain may play a negative role in HbF reactivation in sickle-cell disease.
Long Term Results of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Analysis of Prognostic Factors

Abstract 4531 Background: Many recent advances have occurred in the field of MDS including hypomethylating agents, lenalidomide, and WHO classification. Likewise the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has also undergone major new developments including improved supportive care, high resolution HLA typing, allowing better selection of unrelated donors, and development of reduced toxicity conditioning regimens like Busulfan and Fludarabine. The role of HCT needs to be reexamined in light of these developments. We report long-term data on patients transplanted over a seven-year period and analyze prognostic factors. Methods: 89 consecutive patients with MDS as defined by WHO criteria treated at our institution between Jan 2002 and April 2008 are included in this report. There were 60 males and 29 female with a median age of 54 (23–67). There were 6(7%) patients with RA or RARS, 8 (9%) RCMD, 23(26%) RAEB 1, 17(19%) RAEB 2, and 35 (39%) therapy related MDS (t MDS). Cytogenetic groups were Good risk 33(37%), intermediate 13(14%), poor 43(48%) per IPSS criteria. Conditioning regimens were myeloablative fludarabine and Busulfan (Flu/Bu) in 53 (60%), reduced intensity Flu/Bu 3 (4%), reduced intensity fludarabine/melphalan 32 (36%), Bu/Cy 1 (1%). Donors were matched siblings for 51 patients and matched unrelated for 38. According to HCT-CI index, the comorbidity scores were 0 in 16 (18%) patients, 1 or 2 in 19(21%) and greater then 2 in 54(61%). Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 8 months (range 1– 51 months). Median follow up of survivors was 4.1 years. Results: Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival at 3 years were 48%(95% CI; 37%-58%) and 43% (32%-53%) respectively. Cumulative incidence of non relapse mortality at 3 years was 26% (17%-36%). Cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 31% (21%-41%). Univariate analysis showed that cytogenetic group (P 10% and intermediate or poor risk cytogenetics were significantly predictive of inferior survival. A prognostic model using presence or absence of these factors was significantly predictive of OS (fig). 3 year OS with 0, 1, or 2 of these factors was 79%, 36%, and 12%, respectively. Conclusion: Allogeneic transplantation induces long term remission in patients with MDS. High (>10%) bone marrow blast count and intermediate or poor risk cytogenetics are adverse prognostic factors. Disclosures: Popat: Otsuka: Research Funding. Qazilbash: Otsuka: Research Funding. Andersson: Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultant for Clinical Protocol Development. Champlin: Otsuka: Research Funding.
Testosterone versus clomiphene citrate in managing symptoms of hypogonadism in men.

Introduction: Both clomiphene citrate (CC) and testosterone supplementation therapy (TST) are effective treatments for men with hypogonadism. We sought to compare changes in symptoms and treatment efficacy in hypogonadal men before and after receiving CC and TST. Patients and Methods: 52 men who received TST and 23 men who received CC for symptomatic hypogonadism were prospectively followed for change in hormone levels and symptoms after treatment. These men were also compared to eugonadal men who were not on CC or TST during the same period. Comparisons were made between baseline and posttreatment hormone levels and symptoms. Symptoms were evaluated using the androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM) and quantitative ADAM (qADAM) questionnaires. Results: Serum total testosterone increased from pretreatment levels in all men (P Conclusions: Both TST and CC are effective medications in treating hypogonadism; however, our study indicates that TST is more effective in raising serum testosterone levels and improving hypogonadal symptoms. CC remains a viable treatment modality for hypogonadal men but its adverse effect on libido warrant further study.
Abstract CT140: PINC trial: Preventing invasive breast neoplasia with chloroquine

The PINC trial (NCT01023477) examined the dosage efficacy of oral chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, as a neoadjuvant therapy to reduce the volume, cause regression and decrease the recurrence of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), for any grade or ER/PR/Her2 status. Study Objectives: Establish the safety of preventive doses of chloroquine in patients receiving external beam radiation. Elucidate functional molecular and cellular impacts of in vivo autophagy pathway treatment for DCIS. Study the impact of autophagy inhibitors on the MRI characteristics of DCIS lesions. Study the molecular cytogenetic profile of DCIS lesions before and after therapy. This trial implemented a general strategy to accelerate the pace of community-based translational research. Technology for providing immediate feedback on the therapeutic efficacy at the molecular level can be broadly extended to other trials. Methodology: 12 patients diagnosed with DCIS (any grade or ER/PR/Her2 status) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive CQ at 250mg/week (n=5) or 500mg/week (n=7) for 4 weeks, followed by standard of care surgical therapy. MRI was performed before/after CQ treatment. DCIS spheroid forming cells were isolated and propagated from fresh human DCIS lesions. DCIS cells were characterized by organ culture, xenograft transplantation, molecular cytogenetics, and 59 cell signaling kinases were quantified by Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays. Results: 12 patients completed 4 weeks of CQ treatment prior to surgical excision of their DCIS lesion, with 1 yr follow-up information. CQ treatment reduced PCNA proliferation index in DCIS lesions compared to untreated controls (p=0.001) and inhibited autophagic flux (LC3B positive puncta by IHC). CQ reduced the number of mammospheres in organoid culture without altering copy number variation. Xenograft transplants in NOD/SCID mouse mammary fat pads failed to generate tumors (n=4). 7/12 patients exhibited a reduction in lesion diameter by MRI, 3/12 patients exhibited no measurable change, and 2/12 had a slight increase. Calcium export channel protein (PMCA2) co-localized with 3+ HER2 positive DCIS lesions. Tumor infiltrating macrophages migrated into DCIS ducts following CQ therapy compared to controls (p=0.006). Conclusion: Oral chloroquine, as anti-autophagy therapy, generates a measurable reduction in proliferation of DCIS lesions and enhances immune cell migration into the duct. Citation Format: Virginia A. Espina, Lance Liotta, Svetlana Rassulova, Holly Gallimore, Thalia Grant-Wisdom, Geetha Menezes, Hassan Nayer, Kirsten Edmiston. PINC trial: Preventing invasive breast neoplasia with chloroquine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT140