cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feminist Ecological Economics: A Care-Centred Approach to Sustainability

This chapter introduces a comparative assessment of neoclassical, ecological, and feminist economics of consumption and production from the perspectives of sustainability, their conceptions of well-being, and their treatments of institutions and questions of political economy. It seeks to integrate in the ecological model of the economy, which explicitly considers the relationship between the economic and environmental systems, and the feminist analysis of the relationship between social provisioning and the economic system. The resulting framework builds on the work of feminist ecological economists to incorporate care provisioning into a sustainable economywide model.
A high density piezoelectric energy harvesting device from highway traffic — System design and road test

Abstract Massive dissipated kinetic energy of roadway traffic is a sustainable energy source that can be harvested via piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric energy harvesting technology provides a robust and reliable solution of roadway power generation. However, it remains challenging to achieve high energy density in order for the harvested energy to be of utility value. Here, we demonstrate an innovative roadway piezoelectric energy harvesting system, which reaches an energy density as high as 15.37 J/(m.pass.lane) based on the open-circuit voltage measurements in road tests. The high energy density is achieved by incorporating a compression-to-compression force amplification mechanism as well as an optimized system configuration to take full advantage of dynamic load from vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, the prototype system has achieved the highest energy density reported in the literature, and holds the great potential to be part of the smart highway.
Abstract LB214: Actin-Like Protein 6A (ACTL6A) Suppresses p21Cip1 Expression to Maintain an Aggressive Mesothelioma Phenotype

Mesothelioma is a fatal asbestos-caused cancer of the mesothelial cells that arises in the pleural and peritoneal cavities in response to asbestos exposure. ACTL6A is an important protein subunit of the SWI/SNF epigenetic regulatory complex but also has independent pro-cancer actions. It is frequently overexpressed in cancer and drives the malignant phenotype; however, it has not been studied in mesothelioma. In the present report, we show that ACTL6A drives mesothelioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and that these activities are markedly reduced in ACTL6A knockdown/knockout cells. Moreover, ACTL6A loss is associated with a significant increase in level of the p21Cip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. ACTL6A binding to the proximal Sp1 and distal p53 sites on the p21Cip1 gene promoter is associated with reduced p21Cip1 promoter activity, and mRNA and protein level. Similar regulation was observed in cells derived from plural and peritoneal mesothelioma. Moreover, inhibiting the p21Cip1 increase in ACTL6A knockout cells reverses the reduction in cancer phenotype, suggesting the p21Cip1 is an authentic downstream mediator of ACTL6A action. These studies suggest that ACTL6A suppression of p21Cip1 expression contributes to the mesothelioma cell aggressive cancer phenotype and that inhibition of ACTL6A function may be a suitable mesothelioma cancer treatment strategy. Citation Format: Suruchi Shrestha, Gautam Adhikary, Wen Xu, Joseph Friedburg, Richard L. Eckert. Actin-Like Protein 6A (ACTL6A) Suppresses p21Cip1 Expression to Maintain an Aggressive Mesothelioma Phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB214.
Relating Mobility of dsRNA in Nanoporous Silica Particles to Loading and Release Behavior

Nanoparticle delivery of polynucleic acids traditionally relies on the modulation of surface interactions to achieve loading and release. This work investigates the additional role of confinement i...
Courting Change: Queer Parents, Judges, and the Transformation of American Family Law

Acknowledgments Preface: Putting a Face on the Debate 1. Introduction: Situating the Meanings of Marriage 2. The Road to Same-Sex Marriage: The Beginning 3. The Rite as Right: Marriage as Material Right, Marriage as Strategy 4. Marriage as Protest: The Political Dimensions of Marital Motivation 5. Marriage as Validation: Subjects before (and after) the Law 6. Making It Personal: Marriage, Emotion, and Love inside and outside the Law 7. Conclusion: The Multiple Meanings of Marriage Appendix 1: Survey Instrument Appendix 2: Overview of Survey Findings Notes Index About the Author
An Effect of Aggregation upon the Metabolism of Dopamine-1-3H

Publisher Summary This chapter studies the effect of aggregation upon the metabolism of dopamine-1- 3 H. At 24 h after administration of dopamine-l- 3 H to mice, radioactivity was accumulated in the brains in concentrations 60–68 times greater than could be accounted for by the radioactivity in the blood alone. At this time, the mice were placed in treatment conditions of individual housing and group housing. The radioactivity was depleted from the brains at different rates in the two treatment conditions. After 7 days, the amount of radioactivity remaining in the brains of the grouped mice was twice as great as that remaining in the brains of the mice that were individually housed. Whereas virtually the entire radioactivity in the 24-h brain extract failed to be retained on a chromatographic column appropriate for retaining the catecholamines, only 80% of the radioactivity from the brains of the grouped mice and 65% of the radioactivity from the brains of the individually housed mice passed through a similar column without retention after 7 days.
Thinking outside the check-in box : Using the library catalog for local hosting and management of an electronic periodical

In 2005, the Kresge Business Administration Library at the University of Michigan acquired a new electronic periodical for its collection that had to be locally hosted by the library and was not currently part of any article database. Pressed with a need to present this resource to users in a way that would facilitate and promote use, a plan was developed to create individual records for each issue of this periodical and place them into the library's public catalog. The article describes the process and the MARC record coding that was used for this title, and the ways that the library used this method for other specialized titles.
Varicella Zoster: Virus and Disease

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human-specific virus that causes varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection of children. During the convalescent stage of infection, VZV establishes latency in dorsal root ganglia of the nervous system and reactivates decades later in adults, causing herpes zoster (shingles). In the early 1970s, a live attenuated varicella vaccine was developed; subsequent varicella vaccination has greatly reduced VZV-related hospitalisations and fatalities, although VZV remains commonplace in areas of the world that have not achieved high degrees of vaccination. VZV research continues to study viral mechanisms and pathogenesis. Recent experiments have discovered that VZV induces the cellular process called autophagy, which can aid in prolonging cell lifespan. Phylogenetic analyses of sequenced genomes indicate that the VZV genome originated in Africa and has coevolved with its human hosts during their migration out-of-Africa throughout the world. Key Concepts: Varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox initially, but remains latent in the body and can be reactivated, usually in the elderly, to cause the infection known as shingles. VZV is one of nine human herpesviruses; in 2012, human herpesvirus type 6 was separated into two species called A and B. VZV is evolutionarily closely most related to the herpes simplex virus (HSV); however, it causes chickenpox and shingles and cannot cause herpes. The double-stranded DNA genome of VZV has been fully sequenced and has more than 70 open reading frames that encode nearly 70 unique proteins. A highly geometrical and complex layer of proteins known as the capsid serves as a protective housing for the viral DNA; the capsid is then covered by a tegument and a lipid bilayer called the envelope. Glycoproteins – proteins with bound sugars – are embedded within the envelope and serve functions from attachment to the host cell and cell-to-cell spread of the infection. VZV is thought to have originated in Africa and has spread throughout the world by coevolving with its human host. VZV is spread only during active infection; among the human herpesviruses, VZV is the only one that is spread by aerosolizing into airborne particles. Autophagy, the recycling of damaged organelles, is induced by VZV as a method of prolonging cell lifespan, which gives the virus more time to replicate. A live attenuated varicella vaccine was developed in the early 1970s and has dramatically reduced the number of VZV-related hospitalisations and fatalities. Antiviral drugs such as aciclovir are very effective in the treatment of VZV infections. Keywords: varicella-zoster virus; chickenpox; herpes zoster; shingles; human herpes virus; autophagy; vaccine; aciclovir
An introduction to the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

It is with enormous pleasure that I add my voice to that of others of my generation in celebrating the semicentenary of the 1959 publication of Hubel and Wiesel's first paper in The Journal of Physiology entitled: ‘Receptive fields of single neurons in the cat's striate cortex’ (Hubel & Wiesel, 1959). This paper set the stage for the continuous flow of outstanding papers that emerged over the next twenty-odd years from the Hubel and Wiesel collaboration. Their work and that of Vernon Mountcastle opened up the modern study of the cerebral cortex. As a result of their extraordinary accomplishments, Hubel and Wiesel received the Gross Horwitz Prize together with Vernon Mountcastle in 1975, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1981 together with Roger Sperry. It was on the occasion of the Gross Horwitz Prize, on whose committee I served, that I was invited to introduce Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel. My initial comments in that introduction were in fact directed toward an excellent scientist, a member of our Prize committee, who commented during our deliberations that Mountcastle, Hubel and Wiesel seemed to represent superb science, but their work had limited biological generality. To which I replied: ‘You are right, it does not apply to the kidney or the spleen. It is much more restricted. It only helps to explain the workings of the mind.’ Hubel and Wiesel's names are enshrined together in the Pantheon of Creative Collaborations in Biological Sciences, much like Hodgkin and Huxley, Watson and Crick, and Brown and Goldstein. In each case, equal partners joined forces bringing unique skills to their collaboration to produce a new level of science and a new family of insights. I first met Torsten and David in 1957, and we became friends in the period 1960–1965 when I overlapped with them at the Harvard Medical School. That friendship continues to this day, as does my admiration for the work, scientific and administrative, that they have accomplished since going their own directions in the early 1980s. In 1983 Torsten moved to New York, first as Professor and then in 1999 as President of Rockefeller University. I served on the Board of Trustees of the Rockefeller during much of Torsten's tenure and this provided me with the additional opportunity to toast his 80th birthday. What follows in the ensuing set of papers in this issue is an outpouring of affection, respect, and gratitude for Torsten and David, for who they are, for what they have given us, and for setting the tone of our science for my generation in the United States.
Construction of replication-competent Herpesvirus saimiri deletion mutants.

Abstract DNA fragments derived from the left end of Herpesvirus saimiri 11 L-DNA were cloned in Escherichia coli by using vector pBR322. Deletions were introduced within a cloned 7.4-kilobase-pair sequence by using restriction endonucleases that cut once or twice within this sequence. Permissive owl monkey kidney-cultured cells were transfected with parental strain 11 viral DNA plus cloned DNA with specific sequences deleted. By screening the progeny of these transfections with a limiting-dilution spot hybridization assay, we isolated recombinant viruses containing deletions in this region. A contiguous 4.5-kilobase-pair sequence representing 4.1% of the coding capacity of the virus was found to be unnecessary for virus replication in cultured cells. These deletion mutants will allow us to test whether sequences in this region are required for the lymphoma-inducing capacity of H. saimiri. These same procedures should also allow us to introduce foreign DNA sequences into this region for studying their expression.
Heart rate reduction with ivabradine improves left ventricular function and reverses multiple pathological maladaptations in dogs with chronic heart failure.

Purpose We tested the hypothesis that heart rate (HR) reduction with ivabradine (IVA) leads to reversal of structural, biochemical, and molecular maladaptations characteristic of the heart failure (HF) state. HR reduction with IVA has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) systolic function and clinical outcome in patients with HF. Methods Studies were performed in 16 HF dogs produced by intracoronary microembolizations [LV ejection fraction (EF) ~35%]. Dogs were randomized to 3-month oral therapy with IVA (30 mg Bid, n = 8) or to no therapy (Control, n = 8). LV tissue was obtained from all dogs at the end of therapy and used for molecular, biochemical, and histological studies. Results Average 24-h ambulatory Holter monitoring showed a significant decrease of HR in IVA-treated dogs compared with controls. Compared with pre-therapy, LV EF decreased at 3 months in controls (36 ± 1 vs. 32 ± 2%, P < 0.05) but increased significantly with IVA (40 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3%, P < 0.05). Treatment with IVA was associated with (i) improved LV diastolic function; (ii) increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity; (iii) decreased plasma levels of vasoactive neurohormones, natriuretic peptides, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; (iv) normalization of messenger RNA gene expression of multiple signalling pathways; and (v) reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy. Conclusion In dogs with HF, HR reduction with IVA reversed many of the structural, biochemical, and molecular maladaptations characteristic of HF. The findings support the concept that HR reduction in HF can elicit benefits, albeit indirect, on a host of maladaptations implicated in the progressive worsening of the HF state.
A Decomposition of the Pure Parsimony Haplotyping Problem

We partially order a collection of genotypes so that we can represent the NP-Hard problem of inferring the least number of haplotypes in terms of substructures we call g-lattices. This representation allows us to prove that the problem can be solved efficiently if the genotypes partition into chains with certain structure. Even without the specified structure, the decomposition shows how to separate the underlying integer programming model into smaller models.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA’S ELECTRICITY SECTOR

Both supply- and demand-oriented solutions are important in cleaning up the electricity sector. However, their successful deployment calls for removal of various barriers. This paper looks at China?s electricity industry, one of the world?s largest emitters of greenhouse gases, by relating the regulatory framework to the environmental dimension of sustainable electricity development. An analytical framework is developed, drawing upon literature on the deployment of supply- and demand-side solutions, regulatory governance, and environmental policy integration. The paper finds that, in China?s electricity sector, environmental considerations are subordinate to economic and development goals in policymaking and enforcement. Under the current regulatory framework, regulatory policies/instruments have not been conducive to remove the barriers to the effective deployment of the solutions.
'A Park for All the People': Region, Nation, and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

The history of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park can be found at the intersection of stories, interests and landscapes. Stories and landscapes co-evolve; ideas about nature shape land management practices, and the new environments created by those practices in turn inspire new stories. Political interest responds to and mediates this process. Ideas and environments influence people’s motivations. People then exercise power by choosing which stories will serve as inspiration and how landscapes will be interpreted and explained. Three sets of interests contended for control of the Smoky Mountains, which straddle the border of North Carolina and Tennessee. Local interests, those invested in farms and timber operations on the Smokies, opposed the effort to create a park. National advocates of an expanded park system supported a new park in the Smokies as the most magnificent example of a Southern Appalachian forest. Regional advocates, those who lived near the mountains but had no direct stake in them, supported the park as a potential centerpiece for a new tourist region between Asheville, North Carolina and Knoxville, Tennessee. Geography largely determined peoples’ orientation towards the park.
Primary duodenal carcinoma showing divergent growth patterns as determined by microdissection-based mutational genotyping

Abstract Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma accounts for less than 0.5% of all gastrointestinal cancers. We report a case of duodenal adenocarcinoma with highly divergent growth patterns consisting of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma proven to arise as a single neoplasm of monoclonal origin, as demonstrated by microdissection-based mutational profiling. Multicomponent growth patterns, as seen in this case, can occasionally be encountered in gastrointestinal malignancies and have led to speculation about the pathogenesis. The methods used to clearly establish monoclonal origin based on the unique profiling of mutational damage can address fundamental issues related to tumor development and progression, while providing cogent clinical information. Our findings confirm the great potential for intestinal epithelial cells to differentiate along different histogenetic lines during tumor progression.
Much ado about models

Mary Morgan describes her new book as ‘a series of historical case studies through which the philosophical commentary runs’ (2012, p. xv). Her detailed case studies are fascinating, but I am not a ...
Dentofacial differences between "normal" sibs of Class II and Class III patients.

Abstract No Abstract Available. From the Department of Orthodontics and Dental Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. This study was supported, in part, by Grant No. NIDR SR01-DE 03013-06.
Autologous fat transplantation for the temporalis muscle flap donor site: Our experience with 45 cases

Background Temporal depression after temporalis muscle flap transposition is characterized by a concavity of the soft tissue and associated with the relief of the orbital rim and zygomatic arch. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of autologous fat grafting for the treatment of postsurgical temporal contour deformities. Methods Between March 2008 and April 2011, 45 patients were treated with lipofilling. A virtual 3-dimensional preoperative assessment was used to objectively quantify the loss of volume of the affected side. Two different methods were used to evaluate the surgical outcomes. Results A noticeable soft tissue augmentation of the temporal region was noted in all cases. In 35 patients, a second procedure was required and in 1 patient, a third procedure was required. The final result was assessed as fully satisfactory by 39 patients (86.6%), as satisfactory by 5 patients (11.1%), and as unsatisfactory by 1 patient (2.2%). Conclusion We believe that structural fat grafting at the temporalis muscle flap donor site is an effective technique that provides a high satisfaction rate and only a few complications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1296–1304, 2014
Pair distribution function and its relation to the glass transition in an amorphous alloy

Data for the pair distribution function $g(r)$ are presented as a function of temperature for amorphous ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.4}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.6}$. We show, based on a simple model, that $g(r)$ varies linearly with $T$ over a wide temperature range in the glass as was found empirically by Wendt and Abraham. We also find that in our glass the behavior of $g(r)$ near the glass transition is, within experimental error, similar to what they found in their Monte Carlo calculation. We interpret the deviation from linearity at the glass transition as due to the onset of diffusive motion of the atoms.
Digital characterization of a neuromorphic IRFPA

This paper reports on the performance of the Neuromorphic IRFPA, the first IRFPA designed and fabricated to conduct temporal and spatial processing on the focal plane. The Neuromorphic IRFPA's unique on-chip processing capability can perform retina-like functions such as lateral inhibition and contrast enhancement, spatial and temporal filtering, image compression and edge enhancement, and logarithmic response. Previously, all evaluations of the Neuromorphic IRFPA camera have been performed on the analog video output. In the work leading up to this paper, the Neuromorphic was integrated to a digital recorder to collect quantitative laboratory and field data. This paper describes the operation and characterization of specific on-chip processes such as spatial and temporal kernel size control. The use of Neuromorphic on-chip processing in future IRFPAs is analyzed as applied to improving SNR via adaptive nonuniformity, charge handling, and dynamic range problems.
17β-estradiol modulation of angiotensin II-stimulated response in cardiac fibroblasts

The ovarian hormone, 17beta-estradiol, has been suggested to play an important role in gender-specific differences in cardiovascular diseases. One possible cardioprotective mechanism involves the interaction between 17beta-estradiol and the renin-angiotensin system. Previous studies demonstrated that fibroblast function and gene expression are regulated by biochemical factors including growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, but little is known regarding the integration of these diverse signals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of 17beta-estradiol to modulate angiotensin II (AngII) effects on integrin-induced collagen gel contraction, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and expression, and signal transduction pathways in isolated neonatal cardiac fibroblasts. 17beta-estradiol significantly attenuated AngII-stimulated collagen gel contraction and significantly diminished the effect of AngII on the expression of beta1 and not alpha1integrins. Active MMP-2 levels were decreased by AngII and addition of 17beta-estradiol resulted in further reductions. Relative MMP-2 mRNA levels showed essentially identical patterns to protein levels. 17beta-estradiol pretreatment increased AngII-mediated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase p42/44 activation and slightly decreased p38 activation compared to non-pretreated fibroblasts. Simultaneous addition of 17beta-estradiol and AngII had little to no effect on AngII activation of p42/44 or p38 MAP kinase. The current studies demonstrate the inhibitory role of estrogen on AngII-induced fibroblast-mediated ECM remodeling, gene expression, and signal transduction. These studies begin to elucidate the mechanisms of estrogen effects on myocardial remodeling and function.
Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce forest communities

The objective of this study was to compare the carbon (C) budgets of two similar-aged boreal black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) forest communities: closed-canopy black spruce with feathermoss ground cover (BSFM) on moderately drained soils and open-canopy black spruce with Sphagnum ground cover (BSSP) on poorly drained soils. C content, soil surface carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux (R s ), heterotrophic respiration (R H ), net primary production (NPP), and net ecosystem production (NEP) were measured or estimated. The total C content for the two communities (BSFM, 113 Mg C ha -1 ; BSSP, 107 Mg C ha -1 ) did not differ significantly (P = 0.95). However, annual R s was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) for the BSFM (564 g C m -2 y -1 ) than the BSSP (319 g C m -2 y -1 ) community. The greater R H in the BSFM (440 g C m -2 y -1 ) than the BSSP community (264 g C m -2 y -1 ) and the higher peat C content for the BSSP (84 Mg C ha -1 ) than the BSFM (34 Mg C ha -1 ) community provided evidence that the BSSP community had a lower decomposition rate than the BSFM community. NEP was significantly (P = 0.04) more negative for the BSFM community (-222 ± 35 g C m -2 y -1 ) than the BSSP community (-128 ± 14 g C m -2 y -1 ), but both communities were C sources to the atmosphere. The results from this study illustrate the influence of small differences in edaphic conditions on ecosystem C accumulation.
Thermomagnetic Properties of Thin Metallic Films

The calculation of Sondheimer on the galvanomagnetic effects in thin metallic films is extended so as to permit the evaluation of the Nernst, Ettinghausen, and Leduc-Righi coefficients (${A}_{N}, {A}_{E}, {A}_{L}$). It is assumed that the conduction electrons are quasi-free and that a relaxation time exists. General expressions are derived for ${A}_{N}$, ${A}_{E}$, and ${A}_{L}$ and the asymptotic forms are given in the limit of the ratio of film thickness to mean free path much less than unity. As this ratio approaches zero, ${A}_{N}$ and ${A}_{L}$ vanish whereas ${A}_{E}$ becomes infinite.
Knowhow trading as economic exchange

Abstract Knowhow trading is the informal exchange of practical technical knowledge between pairs of engineers and other technicians in different firms. This paper explains the advantages and disadvantages of this particular mode of knowledge sharing from an economic perspective. Under a knowhow trading regime long-term, self-selected partners barter knowledge ex post, i.e., they exchange information already known to one of them. The paper explains why barter is better suited to the exchange of ideas than to the exchange of conventional goods and points out advantages of ex post knowledge sharing between firms whose priorities differ. It is generally cheaper to acquire knowhow through exchanges than to “reinvent the wheel” but sharing knowhow can cut into the firm's competitive advantage. Pairwise exchanges limit, although they do not eliminate, the firm's loss of competitive advantage when it shares technical knowledge. Because knowhow trading is informal and “off the books” such trading is difficult for the firm to evaluate and to manage. Similarly, since it eludes the traditional measures of economic activity, knowhow trading is difficult to document and integrate into studies of the general economy.
Predicting the response of growth hormone-deficient children to long term treatment with human growth hormone.

ABSTRACT A previous study showed that when GH-deficient children below the third percentile in height are treated with 0.168 U human GH (hGH)/kg BW¾ for 10 days, their height increases by 0.3-1.9 cm during the next 8 weeks. The present study determined whether this acute response would predict the child's long term response to 1 yr of treatment with the same dose of hGH given three times a week. Eighteen GH-deficient children and adolescents, aged 8-16 yr, were measured every 2 weeks over 108 weeks. After a control period of 12 weeks (period 1), the patient received hGH for 10 days. During the remainder of the 12 weeks of period 2 and during the next 12 weeks (period 3), hGH was not given. Patients received hGH three times a week during periods 4 and 5 (24 weeks each). Periods 6 and 7 (12 weeks each) were posttreatment control periods. During periods 1, 3, 6, and 7, rate of growth was <0.2 cm/month. During period 2, the rate ranged between 0.1-0.8 cm/month. During periods 4 and 5, the growth rate ranged f...
Advances in GaN semiconductors for energy efficient solid state lighting

Currently, GaN white LEDs exhibit luminous efficacy greater than 150 lm/Watt, and external quantum effiencies higher than 50% at low drive currents. However, current commercial LEDs grown on the c-plane of the wurtzite crystal suffer from the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) due to the large polarization-related electric fields. This effect causes band bending in the active region and results in the spatial separation of the electron and hole wave functions, thus lowering the radiative recombination rate and reducing the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). Moreover, the IQE is further reduced with increasing injection current or temperature by a phenomenon known as “efficiency droop”. Crystal orientations that have reduced polarization related effects, such as the semipolar and nonpolar orientations, enable the growth of thick QWs, which results in reduced carrier density in the wells. A review of the unique polarization anisotropy in GaN will be discussed for the different crystal orientations. Emphasis on nonpolar and semipolar LEDs will highlight high-power violet, blue and green emitters and considers the effects of indium incorporation and substrate miscut. In this work, we demonstrated a small-area (0.1 mm2) semipolar (2021) blue (447 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) with high light output power (LOP) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by utilizing a single 12-nm-thick InGaN quantum well. Figure 1 showed the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image of the active area of the LED. In addition, as we can see in Fig. 2, the LED had pulsed LOPs of 140, 253, 361, and 460 mW, and EQEs of 50.1, 45.3, 43.0, and 41.2 %, at current densities of 100, 200, 300, and 400 A/cm2, respectively. Low efficiency droop performance in LEDs also can be seen in the inset of Fig. 2. By lowering the 3-dimentional current density, a highest characteristic temperature of ∼ 900 K at a current density of 40 A/cm2 (see Fig. 3) and > 90% Hot/Cold factors in the current density region between 20 to 100 A/cm2 (see Fig. 4) were also demonstrated when increasing ambient temperature from 20 to 100 °C, owning to the reduction in carrier leakage out of the active region and Auger recombination.
Feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation for decreasing post-ERCP pain: a randomized, sham-controlled, pilot study

Background Emerging evidence shows that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a minimally invasive brain stimulation technique, has analgesic effects in chronic pain patients and in healthy volunteers with experimental pain. No studies have examined the analgesic effects of tDCS immediately after surgical/endoscopic procedures. Endoscopy investigating abdominal pain, especially ERCP, can cause significant postprocedural pain. Objective To test the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of tDCS on post-ERCP pain and analgesia use. Design Randomized, sham-controlled, pilot study. Setting Tertiary-care medical center. Patients This study involved 21 patients who were hospitalized overnight for ERCP for unexplained right upper quadrant pain. Intervention Twenty minutes of real 2.0 mA tDCS or sham (anode over left prefrontal cortex; cathode over gut-representation of right sensory cortex) immediately after ERCP. Main Outcome Measurements Pain (visual analogue scale, McGill pain questionnaire, brief pain inventory), patient-controlled analgesia use, adverse events. Results Real tDCS was associated with 22% less total hydromorphone use, versus sham. The slope of the cumulative patient-controlled analgesia usage curve was significantly steeper in the sham tDCS group ( F [2,13] = 15.96; P = .0003). Real tDCS patients reported significantly less pain interference with sleep ( t [17] = 3.70; P = .002) and less throbbing pain (t [16] = 2.37; P = .03). Visual analogue scale pain and mood scores (4 hours post-ERCP) suggested a nonsignificant advantage for real tDCS, despite less hydromorphone use. Side effects of tDCS were limited to mild, self-limited tingling, itching, and stinging under electrodes. Limitations Small sample size, variability in chronic pain, and chronic opioid use. Conclusion In this pilot study, tDCS appears to be safe, has minimal side effects, and may reduce postprocedural analgesia requirements and subjective pain ratings. Future studies appear warranted.
Allylamine cardiotoxicity: III. Protection by semicarbazide and in vivo derangements of monoamine oxidase

Abstract We hypothesized that inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) might protect the myocardium from the necrosis and fibrosis induced by allylamine consumption; therefore, we gave rats several MAO inhibitors simultaneously with allylamine (10.7 mM) in drinking water for 3 weeks. Semicarbazide (1.4 mM) prevented histopathologic cardiac lesions, while hydroxylamine (2.2 mM) decreased their severity. Other inhibitors tested — tranylcypromine (20 μM) and pargyline (15 μM) — did not decrease lesion incidence or severity. Weight gain and fluid consumption varied depending on treatment: these parameters resembled control values in rats protected by semicarbazide and in rats consuming tranylcypromine, but were decreased in rats consuming other inhibitors or only allylamine. We repeated the experiment, measuring MAO activity (toward 3 substrates) of brain, liver, and heart homogenate in rats given only the inhibitors, only allylamine, or allylamine combined with the inhbitors. Brain and liver MAO activities were not greatly affected by semicarbazide or hydrodxyalmine but were decreased as much as 60% by tranylcypromine and by pargyline. Cardiac MAO was significantly inhibited only by tranylcypromine. Allylamine also inhibited brain and liver MAO, but caused by anomalous, marked increase in cardiac MAO. Further study showed that this high cardiac MAO activity followed an initial decrease during the first day of the experiment, became manifest after 10 days, and was directly proportional to the histopathologic severity of cardiac lesions at 21 days. In rats given allylamine plus the MAO inhibitors, brain and liver MAO activity generally decreased. Cardiac MAO activity, however, increased in rats given allylamine plus tranylcypromine or pargyline, but did not differ from control activity in hearts protected from allylamine-induced lesions by semicarbazide or hydroxylamine. A single dose of allylamine (50–150 mg/kg body wt) given by gavage induced dose-dependent inhibition of MAO activity toward β-phenylethylamine in all 3 organs at 24 h. We conclude that the mechanism of protection from allylamine-induced cardiac injury is not MAO inhibition. Our studies, however, show marked systemic aberrations in MAO activity during allylamine intoxication, and complex cardiac MAO changes which probably results from the myocellular damage.
The combined use of 87Sr/86Sr and carbon and water isotopes to study the hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lakewater in mantled karst

Abstract The hydrochemical interaction between groundwater and lakewater influences the composition of water that percolates downward from the surficial aquifer system through the underlying intermediate confining unit and recharges the Upper Floridan aquifer along highlands in Florida. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio along with the stable isotopes, D, 18O, and 13C were used as tracers to study the interaction between groundwater, lakewater, and aquifer minerals near Lake Barco, a seepage lake in the mantled karst terrane of northern Florida. Upgradient from the lake, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of groundwater decreases with depth (mean values of 0.71004, 0.70890, and 0.70852 for water from the surficial aquifer system, intermediate confining unit, and Upper Floridan aquifer, respectively), resulting from the interaction of dilute oxygenated recharge water with aquifer minerals that are less radiogenic with depth. The concentrations of Sr2+ generally increase with depth, and higher concentrations of Sr2+ in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer (20–35 μg/L), relative to water from the surficial aquifer system and the intermediate confining unit, result from the dissolution of Sr-bearing calcite and dolomite in the Eocene limestone. Dissolution of calcite [δ13C= −1.6permil(‰)] is also indicated by an enriched δ13CDIC(-8.8 to -11.4 ‰) in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer, relative to the overlying hydrogeologic units (δ13CDIC Groundwater downgradient from Lake Barco was enriched in18O and D relative to groundwater upgradient from the lake, indicating mixing of lakewater leakage and groundwater. Downgradient from the lake, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of groundwater and aquifer material become less radiogenic and the Sr2+ concentrations generally increase with depth. However, Sr2+ concentrations are substantially less than in upgradient groundwaters at similar depths. The lower Sr2+ concentrations result from the influence of anoxic lakewater leakage on the mobility of Sr2+ from clays. Based on results from mass-balance modeling, it is probable that cation exchange plays the dominant role in controlling the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of groundwater, both upgradient and downgradient from Lake Barco. Even though groundwater from the three distinct hydrogeologic units displays considerable variability in Sr concentration and isotopic composition, the dominant processes associated with the mixing of lakewater leakage with groundwater, as well as the effects of mineral-water interaction, can be ascertained by integrating the use of stable and radiogenic isotopic measurements of groundwater, lakewater, and aquifer minerals.
Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for a weapon system with active millimeter-wave, passive millimeter-wave, and infrared sensors

The Millimeter/Infrared (MMIR) Simulation System, completed in June 1991, was developed primarily to perform Hardware- In-The-Loop (HWIL) evaluation of Sensor Fused Munitions (SFMs), including the Sense and Destroy Armor submunition. Due to the nature of SFMs, the MMIR includes several unique design features. This paper describes design of the MMIR Simulation System, including the design tradeoff decisions that were made in order to optimize the effectiveness of HWIL evaluation for this family of multi-spectral weapon systems.
Enhanced fixed-priority real-time scheduling on multi-core platforms by exploiting task period relationship

HighlightsThe utilization bound of task sets increases as task periods are closer to harmonic.We present two scheduling algorithms for real-time tasks on multi-core platforms.We take the period relationship among tasks into consideration.We formally prove the schedulability of our proposed scheduling algorithms.The proposed algorithms significantly outperform the existing related work. One common approach for multi-core partitioned scheduling problem is to transform this problem into a traditional bin-packing problem, with the utilization of a task being the "size" of the object and the utilization bound of a processing core being the "capacity" of the bin. However, this approach ignores the fact that some implicit relations among tasks may significantly affect the feasibility of the tasks allocated to each local core. In this paper, we study the problem of partitioned scheduling of periodic real-time tasks on multi-core platforms under the Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) policy. We present two effective and efficient partitioned scheduling algorithms, i.e. PSER and HAPS, by exploiting the fact that the utilization bound of a task set increases as task periods are closer to harmonic on a single-core platform. We formally prove the schedulability of our partitioned scheduling algorithms. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can significantly improve the scheduling performance compared with the existing work.
Water Cooling of Incandescent Lamps

The ordinary applications of incandescent lamps in lighting our homes, offices, and cities seldom bring to our attention or consideration the quantity of heat which is produced as a necessary consequence to the light emitted by incandescent tungsten. However, in certain special applications of high intensity illumination, such as the lighting in motion picture studios and the projection of motion picture films, the intense heat not only is brought to our attention, but is impressed on our minds through physical discomfort.
Measurement of the Rate Coefficient for the Reaction of OH with BrO

We report the rate coefficient for the reaction OH + BrO → Products (1) at 298 K to be k1(298 K) = (4.5 ± 1.8) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Reaction 1 was studied in an excess of BrO, generated in a flow tube, and measured via its UV−vis absorption. OH, produced by laser photolysis, was monitored by laser-induced fluorescence. Quoted uncertainties include estimated uncertainties in the BrO concentration and that due to the unavoidable concurrent reaction of OH with Br2. Our measured value of k1 is compared with that previously reported by Bogan et al.1
Self-work and the Reproduction of Privilege: Reading Beloved against Antigone

Recently, normative theorists have stressed the importance of “self-work” to the promotion of justice. This article demonstrates how actors’ phenomenological limitations can blunt the capacity of one version of self-work—acknowledgment—to effect greater justice in race relations in the United States. Toni Morrison's novel Beloved illuminates the ways inequality shapes the lives of the marginalized and the privileged, and how these different lived experiences can inflect acknowledgment. Morrison's insight is used to unravel a paradox in U.S. public opinion: while most white Americans endorse racial equality in theory, few support the policies necessary to realize it in practice. Although acknowledgment does not necessarily prefigure justice in identity relations, the article concludes that acknowledgment has a progressive role to play as a supplement to the politics of recognition.
The hydrocarbon burden in the marine environment surrounding a refinery tanker jetty

Abstract In an investigation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the vicinity of a refinery docking facility in a “clean”; environment, water samples taken from the surface and at a 10‐m depth and sediment samples taken from a nearby beach were found to have essentially no contamination, while bottom sediment had a low level hydrocarbon contamination. Of particular interest was the relative abundance of benzo(a)pyrene in the bottom sediment.
Cotard's syndrome with catatonia: a case presentation and discussion

Cotard’s syndrome (named after its founder Dr. Jules Cotard, 1840–1889) or delire des negations is generally defined to be a nihilistic delusion that one is dead or paradoxically immortal, has lost his/her soul, is without functional body systems, is rotting internally, or is without limbs. Although rare, the syndrome is most often seen with psychiatric disorders, including depression with psychosis, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. It may also occur in various neurologic conditions, including neurosyphilis, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, migraine, and traumatic brain injury. Catatonia is a syndrome that may accompany Cotard’s syndrome in these disorders but literature supporting this association is sparse. This case report expands on the existing knowledge base by presenting the case of a 68-year-old male who presented with Cotard’s syndrome and subsequently developed catatonia, both of which responded to benzodiazepine therapy.
The future of positive therapy.

In their commentary on strength-centered therapy (ST), Lopez and Kerr(2006) called for an open-source ap-proach to developing positive psycho-logical practices. In this rejoinder, theauthor responds to their comments,provides clariﬁcations on ST, and dis-cusses the future of positive therapy.Speciﬁcally, the author calls for futurescholarship to address (1) the contribu-tions of social constructionist therapies,(2) positive systemic inﬂuences in psy-chotherapy, and (3) diverse conceptual-izations of strengths and optimal humanfunctioning.Keywords: