cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of exploratory buying behavior tendencies in choices made for others

Abstract We examine whether the consumer trait of exploratory buying behavior tendencies (EBBT; Baumgartner, H., and Steenkamp, J.E.M. (1996). Exploratory consumer buying behavior: Conceptualization and measurement. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, 121–137.) can influence even choices made for others. The results of three experiments in a gift-giving context show that high (vs. low) EBBT individuals have greater salience of hedonic search motives and consequently form more diverse consideration sets while purchasing a gift. Further, when working with a specific gift budget, high EBBT consumers are more likely to diversify their gift choices by buying a greater number of relatively lower-priced gift items. We also find that the effects of the EBBT trait are significantly attenuated when the regulatory focus of the person making the gift decision is one of prevention rather than promotion. Discussion focuses on implications and future research directions regarding the relationship between exploratory buying behavior tendencies and consumer decision-making.
URINARY EXCRETION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONES.

A study was made of the urinary excretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in normal men, young women and postmenopausal women, and in certain patients who had increased gonadotropin titers. It was found that, in men, the mean urinary excretion of FSH and LH was 0.34 mg equivalent of NIH-FSH-S1 and 0.25 mg equivalent of NIH-LH-S1 per 24 hr, respectively, an FSH/LH ratio of 1.3. In young women, the urinary excretion of FSH and LH during different phases of the menstrual cycle was of a similar order of magnitude. The excretion of FSH did not vary greatly during the cycle, but it was higher in the first half than in the second. LH excretion was increased during the middle portion of the cycle. Therefore, the FSH /LH ratio was high in the follicular phase, due to the increased FSH excretion and low LH excretion; decreased during the middle of the cycle, due to the slight decrease in FSH excretion and peak excretion of LH;and also decreased in the last third of the cycle, due ...
The role of cloud-scale resolution on radiative properties of oceanic cumulus clouds

Abstract Both individual and combined effects of the horizontal and vertical variability of cumulus clouds on solar radiative transfer are investigated using a two-dimensional ( x - and z -directions) cloud radar dataset. This high-resolution dataset of typical fair-weather marine cumulus is derived from ground-based 94 GHz cloud radar observations. The domain-averaged (along x -direction) radiative properties are computed by a Monte Carlo method. It is shown that (i) different cloud-scale resolutions can be used for accurate calculations of the mean absorption, upward and downward fluxes; (ii) the resolution effects can depend strongly on the solar zenith angle; and (iii) a few cloud statistics can be successfully applied for calculating the averaged radiative properties.
MYSTERY OF THE DISAPPEARING ALLERGEN: PUBLISHED ALLERGENS RARELY SEEN AGAIN

Patch testing is an important tool in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Although this technique can be accurate, occasionally the results may be inconclusive. A previously positive result to an allergen may become negative upon repeat testing, and this may complicate the process of achieving a definitive diagnosis. There are some potential explanations for such inconsistencies, including the Excited Skin Syndrome, irritant reactions, a need to repeat the diagnostic algorithm, "rogue" reactions, and "contact allergy." These explanations should be taken into account when interpreting these results. However, further knowledge is needed to solve the mystery of an allergen that subsequently disappears.
Drug Themes in Metropolitan Newspapers: Review and Analysis

Content analysis of newspaper articles dealing with illicit drugs over a 6-month period in 1978 revealed several themes. Heroin gets “more press” than other drugs, while treatment and prevention appear neglected—perhaps because they are not newsworthy. The secondary analysis of the media seems to be an unobtrusive barometer to gauge the material being disseminated to the public, which helps shape their attitudes and values of drug abuse.
Stabilization of oxidative enzymes in desert soil may limit organic matter accumulation

Abstract Phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities in desert grassland soils at the Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research site in central New Mexico (USA) are far greater than those of temperate soils. Activity is uniformly distributed across particles ranging from >1 mm to
RhoA-Dependent Phosphorylation and Relocalization of ERM Proteins into Apical Membrane/Actin Protrusions in Fibroblasts

The ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) are a group of band 4.1-related proteins that are proposed to function as membrane/cytoskeletal linkers. Previous biochemical studies have implicated RhoA in regulating the association of ERM proteins with their membrane targets. However, the specific effect and mechanism of action of this regulation is unclear. We show that lysophosphatidic acid stimulation of serum-starved NIH3T3 cells resulted in relocalization of radixin into apical membrane/actin protrusions, which was blocked by inactivation of Rho by C3 transferase. An activated allele of RhoA, but not Rac or CDC42Hs, was sufficient to induce apical membrane/actin protrusions and localize radixin or moesin into these structures in both Rat1 and NIH3T3 cells. Lysophosphatidic acid treatment led to phosphorylation of radixin preceding its redistribution into apical protrusions. Significantly, cotransfection of RhoAV14 or C3 transferase with radixin and moesin revealed that RhoA activity is necessary and sufficient for their phosphorylation. These findings reveal a novel function of RhoA in reorganizing the apical actin cytoskeleton and suggest that this function may be mediated through phosphorylation of ERM proteins.
Independent component analysis for harmonic source estimation from piecewise constant parameter mixed measurements

The presence of harmonic currents and voltages in power electronic equipment is responsible for major power quality problems. Recently, the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been used for harmonic source estimation. It estimates the harmonic sources in a power system assuming that the harmonic sources are statistically independent, non-Gaussian and that the measurements are linear combinations of the sources with constant weights. In a practical system, the mixing parameters are dependent on the elements and topology of the power grid and when the topology and element values change due to, for example, switching operations, the mixing parameters also change. In this paper, a modified algorithm using independent component analysis is developed for the estimation of harmonic sources with piecewise constant mixing models. The JADE algorithm is used to estimate harmonic sources in piecewise manner. Overlap segment method is used to order and scale the estimated mixing matrices. The voltage measurements are obtained at three buses in the standard IEEE 14-bus system. The change in network topology is identified. The effect of segment length on estimation algorithm is determined. Absolute square error (ASE) is used to measure the performance of the estimation algorithm. The simulation results for various segment lengths and network changes are presented.
The Teacher's Dilemma: Redescription in the Teaching of Religious Studies

In “Private Irony and Liberal Hope,” Richard Rorty points out that redescribing people often humiliates them. Yet unless religious studies courses suppress the importance of the questions they raise, it seems that they directly or indirectly redescribe the students who take them. Hence the dilemma: do we eschew redescription at the price of a weak treatment of our subject, or do we practice redescription at the risk of humiliating our students? This paper reviews five strategies that do not solve the dilemma, then offers a sixth that does – by developing the distinction between proposing descriptions and imposing them.
Learning by Discrimination: A Constructive Incremental Approach

This paper presents i-AA1 * , a constructive, incremental learning algorithm for a special class of weightless, self-organizing networks. In i-AA1 * , learning consists of adapting the nodes’ functions and the network’s overall topology as each new training pattern is presented. Provided the training data is consistent, computational complexity is low and prior factual knowledge may be used to “prime” the network and improve its predictive accuracy and/or efficiency. Empirical generalization results on both toy problems and more realistic tasks demonstrate promise.
Network Topology Inference

Network graphs are constructed in all sorts of ways and to varying levels of completeness. In some settings, there is little if any uncertainty in assessing whether or not an edge exists between two vertices and we can exhaustively assess incidence between vertex pairs. For example, in examining one’s own network of Facebook friends, the presence or absence of an edge can be assessed through direct inspection. In other settings, however, constructing a network graph is not so straightforward. We may have information only on the status of some of the potential edges in the network, but not all. Alternatively, we may not even have the ability to directly assess whether or not an edge is present. Rather, it may be that we can only measure vertex or edge attributes that are to some extent predictive of edge status. In such cases, it can be natural to consider the task of constructing a network graph representation from the available data as one of statistical inference.
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin

SUMMARY Only twenty-seven cases of primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin have been reported. Three additional cases are included in this paper. The clinical presentation is distinctive: they are found most commonly in middle-aged, black males in the head and neck region as painless nodules, usually less than 3 cm in diameter. Previous reports have indicated the probable sweat gland origin of these tumours; one of our cases demonstrates a transition from a solid hidradenoma-like pattern to nests of tumour cells floating in mucin lakes, adding support for the sweat gland hypothesis. The clinical behaviour is relatively benign; late recurrences are common but metastases are rare. Only one case had widespread metastases. Although the histological appearance is distinctive, other primary sites first must be excluded. Local excision is the treatment of choice.
The white blood cell count and risk for coronary heart disease

Abstract In conclusion, the WBC count has been demon-strated in several epidemiologic studies to be a strong independent predictor of future coronary heart disease. Although it is not possible at this point in time to be certain that the elevated WBC count is a cause rather than a consequence of ischemic heart disease, recent pathophysiologic studies suggest that the white blood cell, in particular the neutrophil, is instrumental in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia. It is conceivable that patients who develop acute myocardial ischemia have abnormal leukocyte function before the onset of the acute event, which provides a pathophysiologic milieu for the progression of the atherosclerotic process. Future research must focus on further elucidation of the properties of WBCs and clarification of the role of the activated neutrophil in the process of vascular injury. Quantitative and qualitative changes in leukocyte function may have important implications in the development of CHD.
The Attempt to Globalize Hegemony From Inter-American Relations to the New World Order

This is a schematic, even crude, treatment of a very large topic: the history of inter-American relations before and after 9/11, with special reference to the meanings that can now be read into it retrospectively in the light of the significance of 9/11. It will focus on the role of the United States in Latin America, rather than on the relations of the Latin American countries with each other.
Bayesian Cultural Consensus Theory

In this article, we present a Bayesian inference framework for cultural consensus theory (CCT) models for dichotomous (True/False) response data and provide an associated, user-friendly software package along with a detailed user’s guide to carry out the inference. We believe that the time is ripe for Bayesian statistical inference to become the default choice in the field of CCT. Unfortunately, a lack of publications presenting a practical description of the Bayesian framework in the context of CCT models as well as a dearth of accessible software to apply Bayesian inference to CCT data has so far prevented this from happening. We introduce the Bayesian treatment of several CCT models, focusing on the various merits of Bayesian parameter estimation and interpretation of results, and also introduce the Bayesian Cultural Consensus Toolbox software package.
The Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphotransferase System Regulates Vibrio cholerae Biofilm Formation through Multiple Independent Pathways

The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a highly conserved phosphotransfer cascade that participates in the transport and phosphorylation of selected carbohydrates and modulates many cellular functions in response to carbohydrate availability. It plays a role in the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. Components of the carbohydrate-specific PTS include the general cytoplasmic components enzyme I (EI) and histidine protein (HPr), the sugar-specific cytoplasmic components enzymes IIA (EIIA) and IIB (EIIB), and the sugar-specific membrane-associated multisubunit components enzymes IIC (EIIC) and IID (EIID). Many bacterial genomes also encode a parallel PTS pathway that includes the EI homolog EI(Ntr), the HPr homolog NPr, and the EIIA homolog EIIA(Ntr). This pathway is thought to be nitrogen specific because of the proximity of the genes encoding this pathway to the genes encoding the nitrogen-specific sigma factor sigma(54). We previously reported that phosphorylation of HPr and FPr by EI represses Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation in minimal medium supplemented with glucose or pyruvate. Here we report two additional PTS-based biofilm regulatory pathways that are active in LB broth but not in minimal medium. These pathways involve the glucose-specific enzyme EIIA (EIIA(Glc)) and two nitrogen-specific EIIA homologs, EIIA(Ntr1) and EIIA(Ntr2). The presence of multiple, independent biofilm regulatory circuits in the PTS supports the hypothesis that the PTS and PTS-dependent substrates have a central role in sensing environments suitable for a surface-associated existence.
The effect of display timing on change blindness in pigeons (Columba livia)

Change blindness is a phenomenon in which even obvious changes in a visual scene may go unnoticed. Recent research has indicated that this phenomenon may not be exclusive to humans. Two experiments investigated change blindness in pigeons, using a variant of the widely-used flicker task to investigate the influence of display timing on change blindness. Results indicate that the duration of time during which a stimulus display is visible influences change detection accuracy, with the effect due to additional search time. The results are discussed in relation to the value of comparative cognition and cross-species investigations of behavior.
Classification Networks and Learning

This chapter contains sections titled: Network Structure Feature Selection Types of Learning Interpretation of Output Summary This chapter contains sections titled: Exercises References
Dispelling Misperceptions: Shifting Focus From Whether Standards-Based Reforms Result in Better Outcomes to How They Can Result in Better Outcomes! A Response to Ryndak et al

Misperceptions related to the alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS) continue in the field. Three misperceptions identified in the section on alternate assessment ar...
Principally for vases, etc. : The formation and dispersal of the Calvert collection

As an offshoot of the recent reevaluation of Heinrich Schliemann by Traill and others, British expatriate diplomat Frank Calvert, the father of field archaeology in the Troad, for a century consigned to being “in Schliemann's shadow”, is now receiving recognition for his extensive contributions to the topography and archaeology of the Troad. J. M. Cook pioneered a comprehensive assessment of Calvert's work in his 1973 topographical study, The Troad. He had discovered an unpublished manuscript catalogue of the Calvert Collection which a Turkish schoolteacher had saved and later given to the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Cook mined it in the 1950's for information on Calvert's many identifications and excavations at over fifty sites in the Troad and the Chersonese. In the 1980's Traill published several articles, centred on Schliemann, which shed some light on Calvert. His study of Schliemann's diaries and correspondence with Calvert in the Gennnadius Library betrayed Schliemann's repeated attempt to diminish the significance of Calvert's excavations at Troy and his outfoxing of Calvert concerning the Helios Metope, a remarkable work of early Hellenistic sculpture. Wood and Easton uncovered hitherto unpublished correspondence between Calvert and Charles Thomas Newton (1816–1894), Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum (1861–1886). Nevertheless, until the 1990's, no work solely featured Calvert and his legacy. Gamer (1992) and Allen (1994, 1995a and b, 1996 and forthcoming) have focused on Calvert's archaeological legacy and Robinson has unearthed critical diplomatic documents contextualizing his life (1994).
The impact of public employment on health and health inequalities: evidence from China.

Because the public and private sectors often operate with different goals, individuals employed by the two sectors may receive different levels of welfare. This can potentially lead to different health status. As such, employment sector offers an important perspective for understanding labor market outcomes. Using micro-level data from a recent Chinese household survey, this study empirically evaluated the impact of employment sector on health and within-sector health inequalities. It found that public sector employment generated better health outcomes than private sector employment, controlling for individual characteristics. The provision of more job security explained an important part of the association between public sector employment and better health. The study also found less health inequality by social class within the public sector. These findings suggest that policymakers should think critically about the “conventional wisdom” that private ownership is almost always superior, and should adjust ...
Incidence, Characteristics, and Implications of Seizures in Patients With Glioblastoma:

Background:Seizures in patients with glioblastoma are associated with worse quality of life. However, their incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic implications are less well characterized.Objective:This study was undertaken to provide a contemporary experience along with benchmark data relevant to the above in patients with glioblastoma. It also sought to reexplore improved survival with seizures, as observed by others.Methods:In this single-institution study, patients with glioblastoma from 2010 through 2014 had their medical records reviewed in detail.Results:Among 122 patients, 58 (48%) had a seizure history. Of these, 67% had more than 1, 41% had generalized seizures, and most received antiseizure medication (most commonly levetiracetam). The median survival for patients with seizures was 1.66 years and 0.87 years for those without (hazard ratio for risk of death with seizures: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.43, 1.21; P = .22 by the log-rank test).Conclusion:Seizures are common in patie...
Epidemiological Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Enshi City, Hubei Provinces

Objective To perform epidemiological study for the control and prevention of imported Plasmodium vivax malaria. Methods Chloroquine and Primaquine were used for the treatment of patients suffered from P.vivax malaria. Monitoring and disease treatment were performed by local doctors. Results Between 2003 and 2005, 47 cases of imported malaria were identified in 96 mobile workers, and the incidence was 48.96%. 47 patients are currently under treatment, and 49 patients are under preventive treatment. No more new case was found in the past 3 years. Conclusion Early prevention and disease treatment can effective minimize the spread of malaria.
Evolution of sustained foraging in three-dimensional environments with physics

Artificially evolving foraging behavior in simulated articulated animals has proved to be a notoriously difficult task. Here, we co-evolve the morphology and controller for virtual organisms in a three-dimensional physical environment to produce goal-directed locomotion in articulated agents. We show that following and reaching multiple food sources can evolve de novo, by evaluating each organism on multiple food sources placed on a basic pattern that is gradually randomized across generations. We devised a strategy of evolutionary "staging", where the best organism from a set of evolutionary experiments using a particular fitness function is used to seed a new set, with a fitness function that is progressively altered to better challenge organisms as evolution improves them. We find that an organism's efficiency at reaching the first food source does not predict its ability at finding subsequent ones because foraging efficiency crucially depends on the position of the last food source reached, an effect illustrated by "foraging maps" that capture the organism's controller state, body position, and orientation. Our best evolved foragers are able to reach multiple food sources over 90 % of the time on average, a behavior that is key to any biologically realistic simulation where a self-sustaining population has to survive by collecting food sources in three-dimensional, physical environments.
Treatment of IgG4-related disease

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is capable of causing great morbidity and even mortality if the condition remains undiagnosed or poorly treated, yet is typically a treatment-responsive disorder. Glucocorticoids have not been studied rigorously and practices with regard to dosing and duration of treatment remain largely empiric. In addition, IgG4-RD patients are often particularly susceptible to and intolerant of the deleterious effects of glucocorticoid therapy. B cell depletion with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies appears to be a rapid, effective means of obtaining disease control and limiting patients' glucocorticoid exposure, but this option is frequently not available. Other therapies targeting the B cell lineage may also be efficacious, and one is under study. The means by which depletion or inhibition of B cells and their progeny ameliorate IgG4-RD is coming into focus now through careful mechanistic studies of samples from treated patients. The mechanistic understanding of IgG4-RD will bring an array of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Plasmablast-directed therapy with a CD19 monoclonal antibody is currently in clinical trials. CD4 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes and fibrosis, both observed nearly universally in the tissue of IgG4-RD patients, present two unexploited vulnerabilities in controlling and even reversing the effects of the disease. Further development of such therapies is a major goal of the next few years.
Grafting from Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid (siRNA) as an Alternative Synthesis Route to siRNA–Polymer Conjugates

Small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are important therapeutic agents and are challenging to deliver efficiently. To address this, covalent attachment of synthetic polymers to siRNA has become of great interest. In this report, we present a synthetic route to siRNA–polymer conjugates by the grafting from method, meaning that the polymerization of monomers occurs from an initiating site that is attached to siRNA. Specifically, a siRNA macroinitiator (siRNA-I) was prepared through disulfide exchange of 5′-thiol-modified siRNA with a pyridyl disulfide initiator. Activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) of two monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA; Mn = 300) and di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA), was undertaken to synthesize a series of siRNA–polymer conjugates. The resulting conjugates were characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and compared to siRNA–pDEGMA conjug...
Achievement Error Differences of Students With Reading Versus Math Disorders

The purpose of this study was to understand and compare the types of errors students with a specific learning disability in reading and/or writing (SLD-R/W) and those with a specific learning disab...
The Amulet Wearable Platform: Demo Abstract

In this demonstration we present the Amulet Platform; a hardware and software platform for developing energy- and resource-efficient applications on multi-application wearable devices. This platform, which includes the Amulet Firmware Toolchain, the Amulet Runtime, the ARP-View graphical tool, and open reference hardware, efficiently protects applications from each other without MMU support, allows developers to interactively explore how their implementation decisions impact battery life without the need for hardware modeling and additional software development, and represents a new approach to developing long-lived wearable applications. We envision the Amulet Platform enabling long-duration experiments on human subjects in a wide variety of studies.
Van der Waals Perspective on Coarse-Graining: Progress toward Solving Representability and Transferability Problems.

ConspectusLow-resolution coarse-grained (CG) models provide the necessary efficiency for simulating phenomena that are inaccessible to more detailed models. However, in order to realize their considerable promise, CG models must accurately describe the relevant physical forces and provide useful predictions. By formally integrating out the unnecessary details from an all-atom (AA) model, “bottom-up” approaches can, at least in principle, quantitatively reproduce the structural and thermodynamic properties of the AA model that are observable at the CG resolution. In practice, though, bottom-up approaches only approximate this “exact coarse-graining” procedure. The resulting models typically reproduce the intermolecular structure of AA models at a single thermodynamic state point but often describe other state points less accurately and, moreover, tend to provide a poor description of thermodynamic properties. These two limitations have been coined the “transferability” and “representability” problems, resp...
Toward a theory of customer engagement marketing

Customer engagement marketing—defined as a firm’s deliberate effort to motivate, empower, and measure customer contributions to marketing functions—marks a shift in marketing research and business practice. After defining and differentiating engagement marketing, the authors present a typology of its two primary forms and offer tenets that link specific strategic elements to customer outcomes and thereby firm performance, theorizing that the effectiveness of engagement marketing arises from the establishment of psychological ownership and self-transformation. The authors provide evidence in support of the derived tenets through case illustrations, as well as a quasi-experimental field test of the central tenet of engagement marketing.
Evaluation of Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods to Detect Carbapenemase Production in Gram-Negative Bacilli

BACKGROUND: Carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria (CP-GNB) are an urgent and expanding public health threat. Rapid and accurate identification of these organisms facilitates infection prevention efforts in healthcare facilities. The objective of our study was to evaluate methods to detect and identify CP-GNB. METHODS: We examined 189 carbapenem-resistant GNB(CR-GNB), including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii complex, using 3 different methods: 2 methods to screen isolates of GNB for carbapenemase production [the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and 2 chromogenic agars] and a molecular method (Cepheid GeneXpert Carba-R) to identify the mechanism of carbapenem resistance and the associated resistance genes ( bla KPC , bla NDM , bla IMP , bla OXA-48-like , and bla VIM ). RESULTS: The CIM was a simple and inexpensive phenotypic screen to differentiate between CR-GNB and CP-GNB, with improved analytical performance characteristics and inter-reader correlation compared to the modified Hodge test. Both chromogenic agars evaluated (HardyCHROM CRE and chromID CARBA) were able to support growth of most of the organisms tested, including isolates possessing the bla OXA-48-like gene. However, these media had a low analytical specificity for carbapenemase production, with breakthrough of CR-GNB that did not produce a carbapenemase. The Xpert Carba-R assay was rapid and easy to perform, and demonstrated 100% positive and negative agreement for characterization of genetic determinants of carbapenem resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Screening by CIM followed by the Xpert Carba-R PCR is an accurate method for detecting and characterizing CP-GNB, including Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii complex.
Safety of Intravenous Iron in Hemodialysis: Longer-term Comparisons of Iron Sucrose Versus Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex.

Background Controversy exists about any differences in longer-term safety across different intravenous iron formulations routinely used in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We exploited a natural experiment to compare outcomes of patients initiating HD therapy in facilities that predominantly (in ≥90% of their patients) used iron sucrose versus sodium ferric gluconate complex. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of incident HD patients. Setting & Participants Using the US Renal Data System, we hard-matched on geographic region and center characteristics HD facilities predominantly using ferric gluconate with similar ones using iron sucrose. Subsequently, incident HD patients were assigned to their facility iron formulation exposure. Intervention Facility-level use of iron sucrose versus ferric gluconate. Outcomes Patients were followed up for mortality from any, cardiovascular, or infectious causes. Medicare-insured patients were followed up for infectious and cardiovascular (stroke or myocardial infarction) hospitalizations and for composite outcomes with the corresponding cause-specific deaths. Measurements HRs. Results We matched 2,015 iron sucrose facilities with 2,015 ferric gluconate facilities, in which 51,603 patients (iron sucrose, 24,911; ferric gluconate, 26,692) subsequently initiated HD therapy. All recorded patient characteristics were balanced between groups. Over 49,989 person-years, 10,381 deaths (3,908 cardiovascular and 1,209 infectious) occurred. Adjusted all-cause (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93-1.03), cardiovascular (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.89-1.03), and infectious mortality (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.86-1.13) did not differ between iron sucrose and ferric gluconate facilities. Among Medicare beneficiaries, no differences between ferric gluconate and iron sucrose facilities were observed in fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular events (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93-1.09). The composite infectious end point occurred less frequently in iron sucrose versus ferric gluconate facilities (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.96). Limitations Unobserved selection bias from nonrandom treatment assignment. Conclusions Patients initiating HD therapy in facilities almost exclusively using iron sucrose versus ferric gluconate had similar longer-term outcomes. However, there was a small decrease in infectious hospitalizations and deaths in patients dialyzing in facilities predominantly using iron sucrose. This difference may be due to residual confounding, random chance, or a causal effect.
Predictors of tobacco abstinence in outpatient smokers with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder treated with varenicline and cognitive behavioral smoking cessation therapy.

Abstract Background The estimated mortality gap between those with and without serious mental illness (SMI) is increasing, now estimated at 28 years, which is largely due to smoking-related diseases. Aims We sought to identify predictors of 14-day continuous abstinence in stable outpatient smokers with SMI. Method Adult smokers with schizophrenia spectrum (n = 130) or bipolar disorder (n = 23) were enrolled in a 12-week course of varenicline and cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation. Results Independent predictors of abstinence included reduction in withdrawal symptoms prior to the quit day, fewer cigarettes smoked per day at baseline, better baseline attention, remitted alcohol dependence, and lower expectation of peer support to aid quitting. Conclusions Interventions that consider these targets may improve smoking cessation outcomes in those with SMI.
Bonnie and Bye: A Braided Approach To Design

Graham Sullivan suggests viewing creative scholarship as a braid. We found this metaphor helpful in clarifying both discrete parts and iterations of process within our design practice. We elaborate Bye's Framework for design scholarship, expanding a section for both individual and shared contextual review. Our individual interests ranged from zero-waste design, cultural garments, holdings within our historic costume collection and historic methods of fully-fashioning textiles. We collectively identified a design scenario inspired by the holdings of Bonnie Cashin. The design artifact pays reverence to many key Cashin design elements. The blanket weight double-faced cashmere coat features, modified dolman sleeve, oversized patch pockets and tactile handcrafted tassel closures. The coat is unlined with a raw self-fulled and faced finish. This design contributes to the continuing discourse seeking to â€œshape the tenets of design researchâ€ through practice. Collaborative efforts create shared values and bolster our unique strengths as a field.
Personalizing Context-Aware Access Control on Mobile Platforms

Context-sensitive access control has been a research topic within mobile computing for more than a decade. Much of the work has focused on modeling context and representing policies. Choosing an appropriate policy for a user, however, remains a challenging goal. Creating usable mobile access control solutions have been researched from a users permission control perspective. We present a study carried out with subjects using their personal mobile devices that captures individualized policies through an iterative user feedback process. Policy precision, also referred to as "Violation Metric" (VM), was used to decide when all necessary policies had been captured. The feedback process used a hierarchical context ontology to represent user-context and gathered contextual-situations in which a policy would be applicable. The study also investigated the feasibility of using the VM measure to determine completion of the capture process for the users personalized access control policies, that handles their mobile privacy and security needs. Using an appropriate predefined policy is shown to have lesser user impact when trying to personalize access control policies for users.
SOMAR-LES: A framework for multi-scale modeling of turbulent stratified oceanic flows

Abstract A new multi-scale modeling technique, SOMAR-LES, is presented in this paper. Localized grid refinement gives SOMAR (the Stratified Ocean Model with Adaptive Resolution) access to small scales of the flow which are normally inaccessible to general circulation models (GCMs). SOMAR-LES drives a LES (Large Eddy Simulation) on SOMAR’s finest grids, forced with large scale forcing from the coarser grids. Three-dimensional simulations of internal tide generation, propagation and scattering are performed to demonstrate this multi-scale modeling technique. In the case of internal tide generation at a two-dimensional bathymetry, SOMAR-LES is able to balance the baroclinic energy budget and accurately model turbulence losses at only 10% of the computational cost required by a non-adaptive solver running at SOMAR-LES’s fine grid resolution. This relative cost is significantly reduced in situations with intermittent turbulence or where the location of the turbulence is not known a priori because SOMAR-LES does not require persistent, global, high resolution. To illustrate this point, we consider a three-dimensional bathymetry with grids adaptively refined along the tidally generated internal waves to capture remote mixing in regions of wave focusing. The computational cost in this case is found to be nearly 25 times smaller than that of a non-adaptive solver at comparable resolution. In the final test case, we consider the scattering of a mode-1 internal wave at an isolated two-dimensional and three-dimensional topography, and we compare the results with Legg (2014) numerical experiments. We find good agreement with theoretical estimates. SOMAR-LES is less dissipative than the closure scheme employed by Legg (2014) near the bathymetry. Depending on the flow configuration and resolution employed, a reduction of more than an order of magnitude in computational costs is expected, relative to traditional existing solvers.
Inflammatory diabetic neuropathy: helpful diagnostic parameters (P5.132)

Objective: To determine if Inflammatory diabetic neuropathy (IDN) can be differentiated from diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy (DPN) by clinical features, electrophysiological, pathological or laboratory tests. Background: IDN can overlap with DPN in clinical presentation and electrophysiological and laboratory tests. Design/Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients seen at the neuromuscular clinic of University of Nebraska Medical Center were reviewed. Suspected IDN cases were identified by a history of subacute onset and progressive sensory or motor neuropathy in diabetic patients. DPN cases were identified by the neuropathy being predominantly sensory with a gradual onset and remaining clinically stable or gradually worsening over time. The other causes of neuropathy were excluded. Results: IDN occurred earlier in diabetes mellitus, had higher prevalence of limb weakness, walking difficulty, and electrophysiological abnormalities suggesting demyelination and axonal loss (absence of motor responses in the lower limbs and sensory responses in the upper limbs). Sensory nerve biopsies in IDN showed perivascular inflammatory infiltrates, decreased fiber density, increased demyelination and axonal degeneration. Most IDN patients improved with immunotherapy. Conclusions: Features that favor IDN over DPN are limb weakness, more severe nerve conduction abnormalities suggestive of demyelination and axonal degeneration, inflammatory infiltrates on nerve biopsy and a favorable response to immunotherapy. A nerve biopsy can help establish an inflammatory cause. Disclosure: Dr. Thaisetthawatkul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fernandes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Piccione has nothing to disclose. Dr. Truong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dyck has nothing to disclose.
Use of medical photography among dermatologists: a nationwide online survey study.

Background Medical photography enhances patient care, medical education and research. Despite medical photography's widespread use, little is known about how dermatologists choose to implement photography in routine clinical practice, and how they approach issues of image storage, image security and patient consent. Objective To characterize dermatologists' medical photography habits and opinions. Methods A 32-item anonymous, multiple-choice SurveyMonkey questionnaire about medical photography practices was emailed to programme directors of the 117 United States (US) dermatology residency programmes between May and August 2015, with a request to forward to faculty and affiliated dermatologists. Only board-certified dermatologists practicing in the United States were eligible. The Institutional Review Board exempted our study from full review. Results Our survey included 153 board-certified dermatologists, primarily representing the north-east (43.1%) and identifying as academic dermatologists (75.5%). Medical photography is prevalent: 61.8% report everyday use and 21.7% photograph every patient. Those reporting rare use (3.3%) were, on average, 20 years older. Dermatologists most commonly use photography to mark biopsy sites (87.5%), track disease (82.9%) and for education/teaching (72.4%). Nearly half (46%) use smartphone cameras. Emailing and texting photographs with patients or colleagues are common (69.1%). Most dermatologists (75.7%) always request patient consent for photographs. Only 23.7% adhere to a photography protocol and 73.9% desire more training opportunities. Conclusion Dermatologists value medical photography. While patterns of image acquisition, storage and consent are noted, a variety of methods and preferences exist. Clearer photography guidelines and increased educational resources are likely to improve image quality, exchangeability and confidentiality.
Mitochondrial ROS Drive Sudden Cardiac Death and Chronic Proteome Remodeling in Heart Failure.

Rationale: Despite increasing prevalence and incidence of heart failure (HF), therapeutic options remain limited. In early stages of HF, sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular arrhythmias claims many lives. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in both arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction. However, little is known about how ROS in specific subcellular compartments contribute to HF or SCD pathophysiology. The role of ROS in chronic proteome remodeling has not been explored. Objective: We will test the hypothesis that elevated mitochondrial ROS (mROS) is a principal source of oxidative stress in HF and in vivo reduction of mROS mitigates SCD. Methods and Results: Using a unique guinea pig model of non-ischemic HF that recapitulates important features of human HF, including prolonged QT interval and high incidence of spontaneous arrhythmic SCD. Compartment-specific ROS sensors revealed increased mROS in resting and contracting left ventricular (LV) myocytes in failing hearts. Importantly, mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant (MitoTEMPO) normalized global cellular ROS. Further, in vivo MitoTEMPO treatment of HF animals prevented and reversed HF; eliminated SCD by decreasing dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias; suppressed chronic HF-induced remodeling of the expression proteome; and prevented specific phosphoproteome alterations. Pathway analysis of mROS-sensitive networks indicated that increased mROS in HF disrupts the normal coupling between cytosolic signals and nuclear gene programs driving mitochondrial function, antioxidant enzymes, Ca2+ handling and action potential repolarization, suggesting new targets for therapeutic intervention. Conclusions: mROS drive both acute emergent events, such as electrical instability responsibly for SCD, and those that mediate chronic HF remodeling, characterized by suppression or altered phosphorylation of metabolic, antioxidant and ion transport protein networks. In vivo reduction of mROS prevents and reverses electrical instability, SCD and HF. Our findings support the feasibility of targeting the mitochondria as a potential new therapy for HF and SCD while identifying new mROS-sensitive protein modifications.
Alcohol, Self-Regulation and Partner Physical Aggression: Actor-Partner Effects Over a Three-Year Time Frame.

The question of how individual differences related to self-regulation interact with alcohol use patterns to predict intimate partner aggression (IPA) is examined. We hypothesized that excessive drinking will be related to partner aggression among those who have low self-regulation. In addition, we explored the extent to which differences in self-regulation in one partner may moderate the relationship between alcohol use and partner aggression. A sample of married or cohabitating community couples (N = 280) ages 18-45 was recruited according to their classification into four drinking groups: heavy drinking in both partners (n = 79), husband only (n = 80), wife only (n = 41), by neither (n = 80), and interviewed annually for three years. IPA, drinking, and scores on measures of negative affect, self-control, and Executive Cognitive Functioning (ECF) were assessed for both members of the couple. The Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was used to analyze longitudinal models predicting the occurrence of IPA from baseline alcohol use, negative affect, self-control, and ECF. Actor self-control interacted with partner self-control such that IPA was most probable when both were low in self-control. Contrary to prediction, actors high in alcohol use and also high on self-control were more likely to engage in IPA. Partner alcohol use was predictive of actor IPA when the partner was also high in negative affect. Low partner ECF was associated with more actor IPA. These findings suggest that self-regulatory factors within both members of a couple can interact with alcohol use patterns to increase the risk for relationship aggression.
Infections of Skin and Soft Tissue

Infections of skin and soft tissue (SSTIs) encompass a diverse set of conditions, but there are commonalities that justify their consideration as a group. Some SSTIs are not dangerous to the patient, whereas others are life threatening and require radical surgical debridement as well as broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified SSTIs as uncomplicated or complicated infections for the purposes of clinical trial design and enrollment. This framework is also useful for clinical description.1
IEEE 802.15.4 Air-Ground UAV Communications in Smart Farming Scenarios

Smart farming is one of the most promising applications showing the benefits of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Thus, precision agriculture in rural areas may largely benefit from low-cost and easy-to-deploy vehicles able to exchange data with ground sensors for monitoring and controlling automated cultivations. In this letter, we describe, both analytically and empirically, a real testbed implementing IEEE 802.15.4-based communications between an UAV and fixed ground sensors. In our scenario, we found that aerial mobility limits the actual IEEE 802.15.4 transmission range among the UAV and the ground nodes to approximately 1/3 of the nominal one. We also provide considerations to design the deployment of sensors in precision agriculture scenarios.
Smart Cities and Place Making: The “Sense of Place” in the Implementation of Smart Cities in the Arabian Gulf

This chapter addresses the importance of incrementing the conditions for the existence of a “sense of place”. Historically, the sense of place was a not-planned emotional condition. It formed through lengthy processes not replicable in the conscious act of founding a contemporary city. This chapter analyzes different implications of smart city. It expands the analysis to the differences between smart city and smart growth, elaborating on some of the theoretical approaches. A pilot survey has been directed to urban design and architectural professionals and academics. The results are then compared with the projects of two of the most significant smart cities of the Gulf, Lusail in Qatar and Masdar in the UAE.