cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise Training with Fitness Zone Equipment in Sedentary Hispanic Women: A Pilot Study

Background and Purpose: Limited access to physical activity resources contributes to elevated prevalence of obesity in Hispanic women living in low-income urban Los Angeles neighborhoods. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of training with fitness zone equipment recently made available in public parks. Methods: Six overweight, sedentary Hispanic women completed a 6-week combined resistance and cardiorespiratory training program. General health, muscular fitness (repetitions-to-fatigue), and cardiorespiratory fitness (one-mile walk), were assessed pre- and post-training. Results: Training significantly decreased weight (- 3.5±0.5 lbs.), body fat percentage (-2.1±0.9%), waist circumference (-1.3±0.2 cm), and increased muscular endurance repetitions (squats: 23.4±8.2, push-ups: 12.8±1.8, curl-ups: 13.0±3.3, leg presses: 62.7±15.5, right leg extensions: 18.2±5.6, left leg extensions: 18.5±5.6, chest presses: 20.8±5.4, lateral pull downs: 15.8±3.8, and vertical presses: 5.6±1.2 reps); p 0.05. Conclusion: Fitness zone training, for which equipment is freely available at parks, may lead to health and fitness benefits for sedentary women in the initial stages of a weight loss program. Additional muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, and associated health benefits are limited due to the mechanical design and nonadjustable nature of the outdoor equipment.
Psychological and social correlates of HIV stigma among people living with HIV

HIV/AIDS remains a highly stigmatized condition jeopardizing both prevention and treatment efforts. Prior research on the psychological and social correlates of HIV stigma has produced mixed result...
Fast Solutions in Power System Simulation through Coupling with Data-Driven Power Flow Models for Voltage Estimation

Power systems solvers are vital tools in planning, operating, and optimizing electrical distribution networks. The current generation of solvers employ computationally expensive iterative methods to compute sequential solutions. To accelerate these simulations, this paper proposes a novel method that replaces the physics-based solvers with data-driven models for many steps of the simulation. In this method, computationally inexpensive data-driven models learn from training data generated by the power flow solver and are used to predict system solutions. Clustering is used to build a separate model for each operating mode of the system. Heuristic methods are developed to choose between the model and solver at each step, managing the trade-off between error and speed. For the IEEE 123 bus test system this methodology is shown to reduce simulation time for a typical quasi-steady state time-series simulation by avoiding the solver for 86.7% of test samples, achieving a median prediction error of 0.049%.
Chapter 7 – Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid hormone-Related Protein

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on current understanding of the physiology and mechanism of action of these polypeptides. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) are major factors that regulate skeletal physiology and mineral homeostasis. However, the major physiological function of PTHrP is to act as a local factor that controls the development, morphogenesis, and function of a variety of tissues, including those involved in skeletal and mineral homeostasis. They are also related structurally and produce their major physiological effects by activating a common receptor, the PTH/PTHrP (or PTH1) receptor. Studies on the PTH/PTHrP receptor demonstrated a prominent role for GTP and its analogues in regulating ligand–receptor affinity and signaling, suggesting that this receptor couples to GTP-binding (G) proteins. The cloning of the cDNA encoding the PTH/PTHrP receptor revealed a predicted protein sequence containing seven putative membrane-spanning domains, a topology characteristic of members of the GPCR superfamily. In the case of the PTH/PTHrP receptor, the major G-proteins that can be activated are Gs and Gq. Activation of Gs leads to increased adenylyl cyclase activity, resulting in increased cellular levels of cyclic AMP and activation of PK-A. Activation of Gq results in the stimulation of phospholipase C, resulting in the mobilization of intracellular calcium and activation of PK-C. A physiological role for PTHrP fragments is suggested by studies of placental calcium transport. The fetal parathyroid gland is required to maintain the normal positive maternal–fetal calcium gradient, at least in sheep. This gradient can be restored in parathyroidectomized fetuses by the administration of midregion fragments of PTHrP, but not by PTH or by amino-terminal PTHrP fragments. This effect must therefore be initiated by a receptor distinct from the classical PTH/PTHrP receptor.
The Role and Impact of ICT in Improving the Quality of Education

ICTs are making dynamic changes in society. They are influencing all aspects of life. Similarly, there is no doubt that ICT brings a massive change in the field of education also. It makes teaching- learning process effective and interesting. To know the impact of ICT in education we need to know two basic things- ICT and education. The ICT is an umbrella that includes any communication device or application, encompassing, radio, television, cellular phones, computer, and network hardware and software, satellite system and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as video conferencing and distance learning. Such technologies are used for educational purposes, namely to support and improve the learning of student and develop learning environments. ICT can be considered as a sub field of educational technology. The paper discusses the role and effect of ICTs, and how they can promote future growth and development. In educational system, the inputs are teachers, students, classroom materials, equipment of teaching, methods of teaching and the outputs are quantity as well as quality of student learning. The proper integration of ICT with teaching/ learning environment increases the chance of gaining education along with increased productivity. Information communication technologies are influencing all aspects of life including education. They are promoting changes in working conditions, handling and exchanging of information, teaching-learning approaches and so on. One area in which the impacts of ICT is significant, is education. ICTs are making major differences in the teaching approaches and the ways students are learning. ICT-enhanced learning environment facilitates active, collaborative, creative, integrative, and evaluative learning as an advantage over the traditional method. In addition, the major promises of ICTs use in education systems of developing countries focus on training teachers in new skills and introducing innovative pedagogies into the classrooms, investing on ICT infrastructure for schools and creating networks among educational institutes, improving overall standard of education by reducing the gap in quality of education between schools in urban and rural areas, initiation of smart school with objectives to foster self-paced, self-assessed, and self-directed learning through the applications of ICTs, and developing ICT policy for education and training.
Troubling border representations in Mexican cultural studies and U.S. Central American cultural studies

Foregrounding Tell Me How It Ends: an Essay in 40 Questions (2017) by Valeria Luiselli and Unaccompanied (2017) by Javier Zamora, I explore how the authors self-represent in their work and, more pr...
Estimation of stress and stress-induced permeability change in a geological nuclear waste repository in a thermo-hydrologically coupled simulation

Author(s): Sasaki, T; Rutqvist, J | Abstract: Geologic disposal is a promising solution for a safe permanent isolation of accumulated high-level nuclear waste from nuclear powerplants. The behavior of host rock is highly coupled thermally, hydromechanically, and chemically. Numerical simulations of such coupled phenomena for the extremely long term (g100,000 years) and large length scale (g1 km) of geologic disposal remain to be computationally challenging. In this study, a methodology has been developed to approximate stress and stress-induced permeability change in host rock using only thermo-hydrological (TH) variables. A coupled thermo-hydromechanical (THM) simulation is carried out using TOUGH-FLAC simulator to model THM behaviors of a generic nuclear waste repository, in order to evaluate the performance of the developed methodology, which is implemented in a coupled TH simulation. Results show that stress and permeability change estimated by the developed methodology in the TH-coupled simulation match those calculated in the THM-coupled simulation over the simulated timeframe of over 10,000 years. Details about errors in stress and permeability estimates accrued by the developed methodology are discussed in this paper. The developed methodology will help incorporate stress-induced permeability change into existing TH simulators for the long-term radionuclide transport in geologic disposal.
The Neurological Consequences of Sleep Deprivation

Sleeping less than 7 hours a night is associated with more chronic diseases and higher mortality, yet at least a third of American adults report chronic restriction. Acute sleep deprivation alters performance similar to blood alcohol levels above the legal limit. Prolonged shift schedules for residents have been correlated with more serious medical errors, as well as more driving accidents. Working memory capacity declines with sleep deprivation, showing similar effects as aging. Negative emotions are preferentially remembered when sleep deprived and combined with inability to recognize human facial emotions accurately can lead to impaired relationships. Chronic sleep restriction shows a progressive decline in reaction speed, alertness, and cognitive accuracy, but subjective sleepiness does not parallel the performance decrement, leading to poor judgment of one’s own ability. Sleep loss creates a wake-state instability with maintenance of alertness forces and sleep-initiating systems competing. Circadian rhythm and genetics will exert additional forces affecting performance in sleep-deprived states. Some may have a greater ability to recruit alternative neural resources to combat sleep loss. Sleep deprivation is associated with more inflammatory cytokines as well as increased oxidative stress. Recovery from sleep loss may take two or more nights of extended sleep to return to baseline function. Prophylactic sleep before long shifts and adequate time for recovery sleep should be a priority to maintain optimal performance.
Utilizing a Manualized Therapy to Provide Parallel Treatment to Older Adults With Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Case Study

The experience of anxiety is a common and understandable reaction to a diagnosis of and treatment for cancer. Patients of any age may experience negative psychological and physical symptoms during ...
Lepton isodoublets

If the electron and its associated neutrino v and the muon and its associated neutrino u are put into two isodoublets, then a strangeness-conserving isovector weak 4-currentJλ can be defined such that weak interaction ∞Jλ·Jλ conserves isospin. The « neutral currents » so introduced do not affect the rates of Β-decay, Μ-capture, etc., predict no « unwanted processes» (e.g., Μ+p→e+p), and in fact predict only weak scattering. A choice between this « symmetric » theory and the present « charged current» theory may be made by looking for « Class Β» scattering, such as e+u→ e+u, for which the present theory gives zero cross-sections but our symmetric theory predicts cross-sections of the same order as e-v scattering on the present theory.
Development of a laparoscopic surgical skills simulation curriculum: Enhancing resident training through directed coaching and closed-loop feedback.

Abstract Background Performance feedback through peer coaching and rigorous self-assessment is a critical part of technical skills improvement. However, formal collaborative programs using operative video-based skills assessments to generate peer coaching feedback have only been validated among attending surgeons. In this study, we developed a unique longitudinal, simulation video-based laparoscopic skills resident curriculum using video-based peer coaching and evaluated its association with skills acquisition among surgical trainees. Methods The laparoscopic simulation curriculum consists of a pre-practice laparoscopic skill video recording, followed by receipt of directed coaching and feedback on performance from a faculty coach, a peer coach, and self-coaching. Residents then completed 6 weeks of feedback-directed practice and submitted a second post-practice laparoscopic skill video recording of the same skill, which was evaluated by a minimally invasive surgery expert grader. All general surgery residents in a single institution were enrolled, with 107 residents completing the curriculum in its initial 2 years. Results Overall, more than two-thirds of residents achieved skills proficiency on their expert assessments, with similar rates of residents achieving skills proficiency at all postgraduate year levels. Significant improvements between the pre-practice assessments and post-practice assessments were most frequently seen in the instrument handling, precision, and motion & flow categories (P Conclusion In this study, we describe the successful implementation of a longitudinal laparoscopic skills video-based coaching curriculum designed to improve residents’ laparoscopic technical abilities through iterative directed practice supplemented by formative closed-loop feedback. This feasible, reproducible, and low-cost simulation curriculum can be adapted to other training programs and skills acquisition endeavors. This program also prepares trainees for ongoing performance feedback after completion of residency through rigorous self-assessment and peer-to-peer coaching.
Dual-phase imaging of cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized pyruvate

PURPOSE Previous cardiac imaging studies using hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13 C]pyruvate were acquired at end-diastole (ED). Little is known about the interaction between cardiac cycle and metabolite content in the myocardium. In this study, we compared images of HP pyruvate and products at end-systole (ES) and ED. METHODS A dual-phase 13 C MRI sequence was implemented to acquire two sequential HP images within a single cardiac cycle at ES and ED during successive R-R intervals in an interleaved manner. Each healthy volunteer (N = 3) received two injections of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate for the dual-phase imaging on the short-axis and the vertical long-axis planes. Spatial distribution of HP 13 C metabolites at each cardiac phase was correlated to multiphase 1 H MRI to confirm the mechanical changes. Ratios of myocardial HP metabolites were compared between ES and ED. Segmental analysis was performed on the midcavity short-axis plane. RESULTS In addition to mechanical changes, metabolic profiles of the heart detected by HP [1-13 C]pyruvate differed between ES and ED. The myocardial signal of [13 C]bicarbonate relative to [1-13 C]lactate was significantly smaller at ED than the ratio at ES (p < .05), particularly in mid-anterior and mid-inferoseptal segments. The distinct metabolic profiles in the myocardium likely reflect the technical aspects of the imaging approach such as the coronary flow in addition to the cyclical changes in metabolism. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that metabolic profiles of the heart, measured by HP [1-13 C]pyruvate, are affected by the cardiac cycle in which that the data are acquired.
THE INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES (TRIBUNAL) ACT, 1973 OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh earned her independence from Pakistan in 1971 after a bloody war that continued for nine months. By December 16 of 1971, the day Bangladesh declared victory, an estimated 30 million people died and 200,000 women reported sexual violence by the Pakistani Army and their Bengali accomplices. Known as one of the worst genocides in history, the systematic killing of Bengalis included a chilling attempt to exterminate the intellectuals from within Bangladeshi society. A published report claims that by April 19, 1975, 752 were convicted of war crimes. The episode after that is a bit hasty and the punishment for war criminals never took off. After the assassination of the country’s first Prime Minister and leader of the independence movement Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August, 1975 the issue of war crimes against Pakistanis and their Bengali accomplices took a back seat. Military dictatorships tortured the soul of the nation and created a financial elite class whose only motivation was to reach for the riches. As people’s revolution toppled the worst of the lot, General Ershad in 1990 democracy flourished and so did the free will of the people. With the exception of 2006, the topic of war crimes Tribunal returned in the nation’s memory and preparation began to form such platform. By 2008, the War Crimes Fact Finding Committee published a list of 1,597 criminals which included names of influential ministers, parliamentarians and political figures from two major political parties. In 2009 the Government led by the Awami League, the same political party that led Bangladesh to independence announced its plan to hold a war crimes Tribunal for the 1971 criminals under the International Was Crimes (Tribunal) Act, 1973. This commentary discusses the International Crimes (Tribunals) Act of 1973 and its inadequacies to address war crimes committed against the people of Bangladesh in 1971 in light of recent developments in international criminal law.
Macias, Mexican-American Mojo: Popular Music, Dance, and Urban Culture in Los Angeles, 1935–1968

With Mexican-American Mojo, Anthony Macias addresses an often overlooked period of Mexican-American cultural history: namely, the generation that came of age in Los Angeles during the New Deal year...
Oxidation of Acetate by Various Strains of Bacillus popilliae

A number of strains of Bacillus popilliae were examined for their ability to oxidize acetate. Some of these would not sporulate in vitro, and some were oligosporogenous. The ability to oxidize acetate varied widely among the strains tested. A culture derived from spores of the parent strain produced in vivo and one of the asporogenous strains derived from it failed to produce any significant levels of (14)CO(2) from [(14)C]acetate. Oligosporogenous strains derived from the same parent culture all produced (14)CO(2) from both [1-(14)C] and [2-(14)C]acetate but at relatively low rates. The highest rates of acetate oxidation were observed with three strains which did not produce spores in vitro. When cultured under appropriate conditions, one of these strains displayed a secondary growth response concomitant with a decrease in the titratable acidity and an increase in the pH of the medium. The data indicate that B. popilliae has a complete citric acid cycle but that the activity of the cycle is strongly repressed in wild-type strains under the usual conditions used for in vitro cultivation.
MEK kinase 2 regulates integrin signaling to control paxillin ubiquitylation and focal adhesion stability in breast tumor cells (797.3)

We have recently shown by gene silencing in invasive breast tumor cells that the kinase MEKK2 is required for xenograft metastasis, and our objective in this work was to determine how MEKK2 influen...
The IgA heavy-chain gene family in rabbit: cloning and sequence analysis of 13 C alpha genes.

Abstract Southern analysis has previously shown that the rabbit genome contains multiple genes coding for the constant regions of IgA heavy chains. In the present study, clones containing these C alpha genes have been isolated from cosmid and phage libraries. Restriction mapping and Southern analysis of the clones identified 13 non-allelic C alpha genes; 11 of the genes were clustered in individual or overlapping clones. The clustered genes are separated by 8-18 kb, and in total, the C alpha genes span a minimum of 160 kb of DNA. Southern analysis has shown that all genes within a cluster have the same transcriptional orientation, and that switch sequences are present 5' of at least 12 of the 13 genes. The nucleotide sequence of each C alpha gene was determined, and it appears that all genes are functional; thus, rabbit may have as many as 13 IgA isotypes. Comparisons of the protein sequences encoded by the 13 C alpha genes showed that the CH2 and CH3 domains of the alpha-chains are highly conserved, whereas the CH1 and hinge regions are highly diverse. Southern analysis of genomic DNA samples from other species within the order Lagomorpha showed that all samples had multiple C alpha hybridizing fragments. Thus, it is likely that all lagomorphs have multiple IgA isotypes and hence complex secretory immune systems.
Automated Visualization of Process Diagrams

In this paper, we explore the problem of producing process diagrams and introduce a linear time technique for creating them. Each edge has at most 3 bends and portions of the edge routing have optimal height. While developing a solution, we explore the subproblems of determining the order of the layers in the diagram, assigning x and y coordinates to nodes, and routing the edges.
ANALYSIS OF HUMERUS ORIENTATION IN UPPER EXTREMITY EXPERIMENTS WITH A DEPLOYING AIRBAG

Computer simulations and experimental tests were used to examine the effect of humerus orientation on upper extremity interaction with a deploying airbag. The Articulated Total Body (ATB) program was used to simulate testing of three upper extremity positions ranging from 0-degree to 90-degree abduction. Results indicated little difference in peak forearm bending moment for the three positions, a finding which was confirmed with experimental tests of airbag deployment into a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 5th% female dummy arm in the 0-degree and 90-degree positions. A comparison of simulation and dummy testing with experiments run using cadavers resulted in the conclusion that forearm position, not humerus orientation, plays a critical role in determining upper extremity injury during airbag deployment. Both 0-degree and 90-degree abduction tests were found to be valid methods for studying arm/airbag interaction while preserving the rest of the cadaver for future testing. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 492347.
Control in Functional Unification Grammars for Text Generation

Standard Functional Unification Grammars (FUGs) provide a structurally guided top-down control regime for text generation that is not appropriate for handling non-structural and dynamic constraints. We introduce two control tools that we have implemented for FUGs to address these limitations: bk-class, a tool to limit search by using a form of dependency-directed backtracking and external, a co-routine mechanism allowing a FUG to cooperate with dynamic constraint sources. We show how these tools complement the top-down regime of FUGs to enhance lexical choice. presses disjunction in FUG. The value of the alt
Evolution of Hawaiian drosophilidae. II. Patterns and rates of chromosome evolution in an antopocerus phylogeny.

The phylogenetic relationships of seven species of the genus Antopocerus (Family Drosophilidae) have been determined by means of a study of the metaphase configurations and polytene chromosomes. Based on biogeographical, behavioral and cytogenetic information, A. longiseta from Molokai is tentatively identified as the primitive species of the genus. The metaphase karyotypes of all Antopocerus species are either five pairs of rod chromosomes and a pair of dots (5R1D), or six rods (6R). Heterochromatin additions converted the dots to rods. Chromosome breakpoints for inversions also are clustered at heterochromatic loci. The chromosome segments between heterochromatic loci may represent sets of functionally related loci, evolving as a unit. The rate of chromosomal inversion substitution is estimated in the origin of the taxon (probably a subgenus of Drosophila rather than a separate genus). It averages no greater than one substitution per 1,000 years, or one per 5,000 generations. The average genetic death rate per generation of one individual per hundred is required to achieve this substitution rate. The rate of inversion substitution during radiation of this taxon may be only 4.4 x 10-3 times as fast as that present in forming the taxon. Alternatively, radiation may have required only 250,000 years if rates of substitution are the same as in the origination of the taxon. Average rates of substitution reflect genetic accidents, selection pressures and rates of adaptation to new niches, as well as the rate of encountering new niches. Rate of adaptation probably is much greater in this instance than rate of encountering new niches. Therefore, the average rate of evolution reflects more nearly biogeographic and ecological factors than genetic factors.
Testing purchasing power parity: some evidence of the effects of transaction costs

Empirical tests of purchasing power parity often recognize the problems created by simultaneous equations, but seldom recognize the effects of measurement error or transaction costs. Presumably because most researchers believe that they are unimportant. We present evidence that shows that measurement error and transaction costs and create serious econometric problems for testing purchasing power parity. One effect of these problems is that conventional tests of purchasing power parity can accept PPP when predictive errors are relatively large and reject it when predictive errors are relatively small. Another effect is to bias test of cointegration toward accepting the null of no cointegration between exchange rates and relative price indexes. We also construct a simple model of the determination of exchange rates that shows how transaction costs lead to regression switiching.
Identity boxing: secure user-level containment for the grid

Today, a public key infrastructure allows grid users to be identified with strong cryptographic credentials and and a descriptive, globally-unique name such as /O=UnivNowhere/CN=Fred. This powerful security infrastructure allows users to perform a single login and then access a variety of remote resources on the grid without further authentication steps. However, once connected to a specific system, a user's grid credentials must somehow be mapped to a local namespace. This creates a significant burden upon the administrator of each site to manage a continuously-changing user list. Large systems have worked around this by employing the old insecure standby of shared user accounts. A single user may be known by a different account name at every single site that he or she accesses, in addition to a variety of identity names given by certificate authorities. In order to access a resource, the user may need to have a local account generated. In order to share resources, each user must know the local identities of users that he/she wishes to share with. To solve these problems, we introduce the technique of identity boxing. An identity box is a well-defined execution space in which all processes and resources are associated with an external identity that need not have any relationship to the set of local accounts. That is, within an identity box, a program runs with an explicit grid identity string rather than with a simple integer UID. As a program executes, all access controls are performed using the high level name rather than the low-level account information. A single Unix account may be used to securely manage several identity boxes simultaneously, thus eliminating the need to services to run as root merely to change identities.
Insulin enhances the transcription of luteinizing hormone-β gene

Abstract Objective Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are implicated in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome, a condition associated with elevated levels of LH. We tested the hypothesis that insulin enhances the transcriptional activity of LHβ promoter. Study design We transfected the gonadotrope cell line LβT2 with a plasmid that expresses the proximal promoter of LHβ gene upstream of luciferase, and determined insulin effect on endogenous LHβ mRNA. Results We found that insulin stimulated (2-4 fold) the activity of this promoter in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Accordingly, insulin up-regulated the level of LHβ mRNA. In contrast, insulin had no significant effect on GnRH-dependent LHβ expression. The expression of Egr-1 and SF-1, which are essential for transcription of LHβ gene, was unchanged by insulin. Conclusion Insulin enhances the transcription of LHβ gene. This modulation may contribute to the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Imidazole acetic acid as a substitute for cAMP

Abstract The ability of imidazole acetic acid (IA) to substitute for cAMP was demonstrated by use of a series of strains carrying a lesion in the cya structural gene. The substitution of IA for cAMP was specific for the L-arabinose operon in that this compound was ineffective in substituting for cAMP in the lactose or maltose catabolic systems. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and the araC gene product were necessary for the IA mediated induction of the L-arabinose system.
The hexadentate hydroxypyridinonate TREN-(Me-3,2-HOPO) is a more orally active iron chelator than its bidentate analogue.

Abstract Bidentate hydroxypyridinone chelators effectively complex and facilitate excretion of trivalent iron. To test the hypothesis that hexadentate chelators are more effective than bidentate chelators at low concentrations, urinary and biliary Fe excretions were determined in Fe‐loaded rats before and after administration of a bidentate chelator, Pr‐(Me‐3,2‐HOPO), or its hexadentate analogue, TREN‐(Me‐3,2‐HOPO). The bidentate chelator slightly increased biliary Fe excretion in Fe‐loaded rats after IV (90 μmol/kg) and PO (90 or 270 μmol/kg) administration, but chelation efficiency did not exceed 1%. The hexadentate chelator markedly increased biliary Fe excretion, achieving overall chelation efficiencies of 14% after IV administration of 30 μmol/kg and 8 or 3% after PO (30 or 90 μmol/kg) administration. The hexadentate chelator was significantly more effective than the bidentate chelator after IV injection and oral dosing. In chelator‐treated Fe‐loaded or saline‐injected rats, >90% of the excreted Fe was in the bile. Oral TREN‐(Me‐3,2‐HOPO), given to non‐Fe‐loaded rats, did not appreciably change Fe output, indicating that there was little Fe depletion in the absence of Fe overload. These results support the hypothesis that greater Fe chelation efficiency can be achieved with hexadentate than with bidentate chelators at lower, and presumably safer, concentrations. The results also demonstrate that TREN‐(Me‐3,2‐HOPO) is a promising, orally effective, Fe chelator. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 89: 545–555, 2000
ON POLYA FREQUENCY FUNCTIONS. III. THE POSITIVITY OF TRANSLATION DETERMINANTS WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE INTERPOLATION PROBLEM BY SPLINE CURVES(

1. A frequency function Δ(x), i. e., a non-negative measurable function satisfying the inequalities $$ 0 < \int_{ - \infty }^\infty {\Lambda \left( x \right)dx < } \infty , $$ is called a Polya frequency function provided(2) it satisfies the following condition: For every two sets of increasing numbers $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{x_1} < {x_2} < \cdots < {x_n},}&{amp;{y_1} < {y_2} < \cdots < {y_n},}&{amp;n = 1,{\mkern 1mu} 2,{\mkern 1mu} \cdots ,} \end{array} $$ (1) we have the inequality $$ D \equiv \det {\left\| {\Lambda \left( {{x_i} - {y_i}} \right)} \right\|_{1,n}}0. $$ (2) .
Text Meaning Representation for Chinese

This paper describes text meaning representation for Chinese. Text meaning representation is composed of a set of ontological concept instances along with ontological links among them. It integrates lexical, textual and world knowledge into a single hierarchical frame-work. In NLP application it serves as an interlingual representation for various processing. The methodology and implementation of text meaning representation is discussed in detail.
Evaluating asphalt concrete air void variation via GPR antenna array data

Abstract Air void content is one of the most important characteristics of in-place asphalt concrete, substantially affecting early deterioration and long term performance. Destructive measures at limited locations, such as coring, are typically conducted as part of the air-void content evaluation after the pavement has been fully constructed. In this paper, use of an air coupled step-frequency array system for nondestructive assessment of air-void variability is explored. The dielectric properties of the asphalt were determined from the asphalt surface reflection amplitude of all 21 adjacent transmitting and receiving pairs of the array and related to air void content through plotting of dielectric changes with core measured air void content. This approach is an extension of the procedure developed for a single bistatic antenna pair determining properties within top millimeters of the asphalt surface. While cores provide information concerning bulk properties across the depth, the proposed method with an array system provides an opportunity for increased lateral coverage. The case study demonstrated good repeatability and correspondence with core measured air void content. The array-based method improves the coverage and productivity of the measurements, making it an attractive alternative to current state-of-the-practice procedures.
Regularizing graph centrality computations

Centrality metrics such as betweenness and closeness have been used to identify important nodes in a network. However, it takes days to months on a high-end workstation to compute the centrality of today's networks. The main reasons are the size and the irregular structure of these networks. While today's computing units excel at processing dense and regular data, their performance is questionable when the data is sparse. In this work, we show how centrality computations can be regularized to reach higher performance. For betweenness centrality, we deviate from the traditional fine-grain approach by allowing a GPU to execute multiple BFSs at the same time. Furthermore, we exploit hardware and software vectorization to compute closeness centrality values on CPUs, GPUs and Intel Xeon Phi. Experiments show that only by reengineering the algorithms and without using additional hardware, the proposed techniques can speed up the centrality computations significantly: an improvement of a factor 5.9 on CPU architectures, 70.4 on GPU architectures and 21.0 on Intel Xeon Phi. We propose parallel algorithms to compute centrality on accelerators.We apply multiple breadth-first search operations simultaneously.Vectorization is applied to make the closeness computation faster.All the algorithms and techniques are experimentally validated.We get better performance than the best existing centrality computation solutions.
Helping homeless mentally Ill people: What variables mediate and moderate program effects?

This process evaluation study examined what variables moderate and mediate treatment effects on days in stable housing and client satisfaction for homeless mentally ill clients. In general, demographic characteristics did not moderate either outcome variable. Housing contacts, entitlement contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators of the treatment effect on days in stable housing. Program contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators of client satisfaction.
Transient loss of complete bundle branch block patterns during exercise

Abstract In patients with various forms of heart disease and in some normal subjects, the high heart rates that occur during exercise can result in decremental conduction 4 that leads to fascicular block, 2 BBB, 1 or rarely even atrioventricular block. 5 On the other hand, it is surprising that disappearance of complete BBB does not result more often from the increased sympathetic activity that accompanies exercise, which could offset the effects of decremental conduction. Some of our observations could be explained by rate-related modulation during exercise of bradycardia-dependent or pseudobradycardia-dependent electrical alternans in the bundle branch system, 6 by ventricular fusion complexes, or interestingly, as suggested by a reviewer of this report, by exerciseinduced alternating conduction delay in the opposite bundle leading to more synchronous depolarization of alternating beats. We find no convincing variability of alternate PR intervals on these routine exercise recordings, but measurement precision at these rates is limited. Because none of our patients underwent electrophysiologic study, the present report remains descriptive and the mechanisms underlying exerciseinduced reduction of intraventricular block remain to be clarified.
Hybrid Redundancy for Defect Tolerance in Molecular Crossbar Memory

Nano/molecular technologies have emerged as the potential fabrics for building future integrated systems. However, due to the imperfect fabrication process, these extremely scaled devices are vulnerable to a large number of defects and transient faults. Memory systems, which are the primary application targeted by these technologies, are particularly exposed to this problem due to the ultra-high integration density and elevated error sensitivity. In this article, we propose a defect-tolerant technique, referred to as hybrid redundancy allocation, for the design of molecular crossbar memory systems. By using soft redundancy (runtime exploitation of memory spatial/temporal locality) in combination with hardware redundancy (spare memory cells), the proposed technique can achieve better error management at a low cost as compared with conventional techniques. Simulation results demonstrate the significant improvement in defect tolerance, efficiency, and scalability of the proposed technique.
Thermoregulation and Stress Hormone Recovery After Exercise Dehydration: Comparison of Rehydration Methods

Context: Athletic trainers recommend and use a multitude of rehydration (REHY) methods with their patients. The REHY modality that most effectively facilitates recovery is unknown. Objective: To compare 5 common REHY methods for thermoregulatory and stress hormone recovery after exercise dehydration (EXDE) in trained participants. Design: Randomized, cross-over, controlled study. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve physically active, non–heat-acclimatized men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180 ± 6 cm, mass = 81.3 ± 3.7 kg, Vo2max = 56.9 ± 4.4 mL·min−1·kg−1, body fat = 7.9% ± 3%) participated. Intervention(s): Participants completed 20-hour fluid restriction and 2-hour EXDE; they then received no fluid (NF) or REHY (half-normal saline) via ad libitum (AL), oral (OR), intravenous (IV), or combination IV and OR (IV + OR) routes for 30 minutes; and then were observed for another 30 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Body mass, rectal temperature, 4-site mean weighted skin temperature, plasma stress hormone ...
Parallel Bayesian network structure learning with application to gene networks

Bayesian networks (BN) are probabilistic graphical models which are widely utilized in various research areas, including modeling complex biological interactions in the cell. Learning the structure of a BN is an NP-hard problem and exact solutions are limited to a few tens of variables. In this work, we present a parallel BN structure learning algorithm that combines principles of both heuristic and exact approaches and facilitates learning of larger networks. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by an implementation on a Cray AMD cluster, and present experimental results for the problem of inferring gene networks. Our approach is work-optimal and achieves nearly perfect scaling.
Alternatively spliced FGFR-1 isoform signaling differentially modulates endothelial cell responses to peroxynitrite

Mounting experimental evidence has suggested that the trophic environment of cells in culture is an important determinant of their vulnerability to the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxidants such as peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). However, acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1)-induced signaling renders some cells more sensitive and others resistant to the cytotoxic effects of ONOO(-). To determine whether alternatively spliced fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR-1) isoforms are responsible for this differential response, we have stably transfected FGFR-negative rat brain-derived resistant vessel endothelial cells (RVEC) with human cDNA sequences encoding either FGFR-1 alpha or FGFR-1 beta. FGF-1 treatment of RVEC(R-1 alpha) transfectants enhanced ONOO(-)-mediated cell death in a manner dependent upon FGFR-1 tyrosine kinase, MEK/Erk 1/2 kinase, and p38 MAP kinase activities and independent of Src-family kinase (SFK) activity. FGF-1 treatment of RVEC(R-1 beta) transfectants inhibited the cytotoxic effects of ONOO(-) in a manner dependent upon FGFR-1 tyrosine kinase, MEK/Erk 1/2 kinase, and SFK activities and independent of p38 MAP kinase activity. FGF-1-induced preactivation of both FGFR-1 tyrosine and Erk 1/2 kinases was detected in both RVEC(R-1 alpha) and RVEC(R-1 beta) transfectants. FGF-1-induced preactivation of p38 MAPK was restricted to RVEC(R-1 alpha) transfectants, whereas, ligand-induced preactivation of SFK was limited to RVEC(R-1 beta) transfectants. Collectively, these results both reemphasize the role of extracellular trophic factors and their receptor-mediated signaling pathways during cellular responses to oxidant stress and provide a first indication that the alternatively spliced FGFR-1 isoforms induce differential signal transduction pathways.
Visual content correlation analysis

Correlating content from multiple data fields is one of the key challenges in text mining. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics approach that leverages both content correlation analysis and interactive visualization technologies in analyzing and understanding content correlations. We have applied our work to analyzing NHAMCS data (National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey), which helps reveal healthcare-related data patterns through the correlations between unstructured data fields (e.g., cause of injury and diagnosis) and between structured and unstructured fields (e.g., gender and cause of injury).
Predicting inflectional morphology from context

The present studies investigated the influence of the semantic and syntactic predictability of an inflectional morpheme on word recognition and morphological processing. In two eye-tracking experiments, we examined the effect of syntactic and semantic context on the processing of letter transpositions in inflected words. Participants experienced greater and earlier disruption from cross-morpheme letter transpositions when target verbs appeared in a context that syntactically predicted the presence of a past-tense suffix. Further, internal transpositions caused greater and earlier disruption even in monomorphemic verbs when syntactic context created an expectation of morphological complexity. No effect of semantic predictability was observed, potentially because the semantic manipulation was insufficiently strong. The results reveal that syntactic contexts typical of most English sentences can lead readers to make predictions about the morphological structure of upcoming words.
Novel polymer-ceramic composites for conformable RF applications

We have presented work on the fabrication of polymer-ceramic composites for RF antenna and circuit applications. The mixtures produced from spherical commercial ceramic powders compared reasonably well with theoretical models. However theoretical models indicate that particles with controlled aspected shapes could provide highly enhanced effective properties. A promising route to the production of particles with these controlled aspected shapes is through the chemical conversion of bioclastic diatom frustules into ceramics with proven RF material properties of interest.
The SMAS and Fat Compartments of the Nose: An Anatomical Study

The soft tissue envelope of the nose consists of skin, the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and multiple layers of fat. Similar layers have been well described in the neck and face regions but there are few reports of its detailed anatomy in the nose. Nine fresh Caucasian cadaver noses were dissected in the subcutaneous, sub-SMAS, and submuscular layers. Specimens were examined to determine the extent and continuity of the nasal SMAS into the face. Fat distribution in different layers was also analyzed. A distinct layer of SMAS in continuation with the facial SMAS was identified in all cadavers. The subcutaneous fat was found to be concentrated in the glabella, lateral wall of the nose, tip and supratip areas. Distribution of sub-SMAS fat was similar to that of superficial fat. An additional layer of fat underneath the transverse nasalis muscle was identified. The presence of an interdomal fat pad was confirmed. In the upper lateral wall of the nose, an area of deficient muscle, where the SMAS and a small amount of fat were the only soft tissue coverage, was observed. We have confirmed the existence of the SMAS in the nose as a unique layer. We have also provided a detailed description of fat distribution. The knowledge of soft tissue coverage and fat distribution in the nose allows for various surgical modifications and provides an essential basis for procedures. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
MR spectroscopy of cholesteryl ester in human atherosclerosis.

The ability to quantify cholesterol and/or cholesteryl ester deposits in vivo noninvasively, a goal not yet achieved, could greatly facilitate new discoveries in atherosclerosis progression and regression. In this issue of iJACC , Duivenvoorden et al. [(1)][1] report progress in a 1H-magnetic
Availability: The concept and associated terminology

Abstract After a brief historical introduction, this paper proceeds to derive expressions for the available work of a thermodynamic system while the latter interacts with the passive environment. The passive environment is modelled as a union of three idealized reservoirs — energy, volume, and matter. The available work is defined as the optimum amount — largest or smallest — exchanged in circumstances given a prescribed initial and final state of the system. Two types of systems are studied — closed systems and open flow systems — and the interaction is progressively enlarged to include the transfer of heat, the transfer of work, and the transfer of matter. Available work is the difference between the exergy of states 1 and 2; the exergy of a state being defined as the optimum work achieveable against a final state which is one of equilibrium with the surroundings. It is shown that exergy so defined is not a unique quantity for a given system and state, because it also depends on the kind of interaction permitted and therefore on the kind of equilibrium achieved. Exergy, and not energy, is found to represent the preferred measure of a system's “capacity to perform work”. Remarks are made about the contemporary terminology of this field, and regrets are expressed concerning the present day proliferation of terms.