cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research needs and opportunities in electronics assembly

This paper investigates whether investments in research and development could have a significant impact in either reducing the cost and/or enhancing the effectiveness of electronics assembly. The methodology followed in this study consisted of industrial surveys, on-site data gathering visits, literature surveys of academic and trade publications, and interaction with experts in the field of assembly. The industrial assessment was conducted on 24 product lines across companies ranging in size from $10 million to $2 billion in annual sales. Approximately 64% of the assembly dollar value surveyed corresponded to DoD products. This paper describes the distribution of assembly cost across setup, support, and process activities. Breakdowns by manual, semi-automated, and automated assembly are also documented. A needs and trend analysis was conducted to determine the perception of the industrial participants regarding their current investment, need for investment and cost impact potential of assembly activities. We present these findings for government contractors versus commercial firms, prime contractors versus sub-tier contractors, and for electrically intense operations. Our research methodology included the analysis of qualitative data from open-ended questions and interviews. This information was subjected to content and lexical analysis and identified three major assembly issues: R&D opportunities, R&D inhibitors, and technology transfer. These findings are also summarized.
Finite-amplitude stability of a Rossby wave in a channel

The linear stability characteristics and life cycle, in the presence of weak nonlinearities, of an inviscid Rossby wave are examined in a mid-latitude channel. Two cases are investigated: one in which the superimposed disturbance is purely wavelike and a second in which it includes a zonal flow component. The linear analysis reveals that in the first case, the disturbance is resolved into two decoupled sets of modes. The most unstable set as a function of wavenumber is then determined by obtaining the curves of marginal stability for each set. The second case is characterized by a single unstable set. The finite amplitude asymptotic analysis of the first case reveals that, when the nonlinearities are stabilizing, the system exhibits an amplitude vacillation on a slow time scale. It also reveals that the most severe meridional truncation is valid for the longer zonal scales and does not affect the mean field at any order. If an additional meridional mode is included, the resulting truncation becomes valid for the shorter zonal scales and alters the mean field at second order. In the second case, the nonlinearities are always stabilizing. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1987.tb00300.x
Axial irradiance and optimum focusing of laser beams

Using the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theory of diffraction we obtain an exact expression for the axial irradiance of a focused annular laser beam valid for all axial points. Conditions for the validity of the Fresnel theory are obtained. We discuss why and how the depth of focus and asymmetry of focused fields about the focal plane depend on the Fresnel number of the beam aperture as observed from the geometric focus. When a beam is focused on a distant target so that the Fresnel number is small (≲5), the principal maximum of axial irradiance occurs at a point which is significantly away from the geometric focus in the direction of the aperture. We discuss how to optimally focus a beam to illuminate a moving distant target in terms of the encircled energy on it. We show that, to obtain the maximum possible concentration of energy on a target, the beam must be focused on it, thus requiring active focusing for a moving target. However, if energy concentration is adequate for a beam focused on a target at a certain distance, it is more than adequate for a considerable range of the distance of a moving target without active focusing. In a shared-aperture optical system the aperture used for focusing a beam on the target is also used for imaging the target. Hence, in such a system the optical transfer function is also more than adequate over a wide range of the target distance without active focusing.
Team decision theory and information structures

This tutorial-survey paper introduces the problems of decentralized statistical decision making (team theory) where the decision makers have access to different information concerning the underlying uncertainties. Using a simple thematic example with variations, the paper introduces and explains various concepts and results of team theory as applied to economics, information theory, and decentralized control.
Use of a sharpness criterion in correcting images degraded by random distortion

A sharpness criterion for space-variant imaging through a random medium was recently proposed. It uses ensemble-averaged images to provide the information ordinarily given by space invariance. This criterion is used to construct an algorithm for the correction of randomly distorted one-dimensional images degraded by Gaussian-distributed stretching functions of variable correlation length. It is shown theoretically and demonstrated in the simulation that knowledge of the shape of the distortion-induced transfer function allows the width of the function to be determined from the processing procedure. In the simulation, distortion-degraded sinusoids with an average visibility of 2% before processing yield a resultant sinusoid with a visibility of 80–90% after processing. Under equivalent conditions, corrections of block objects may be carried out with 100% accuracy. It should be possible to use a similar procedure to improve real imagery degraded by atmospheric turbulence.
The Role of Policy Advocacy in Assuring Comprehensive Family Life Education in California

As part of their 10-year $60 million Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Initiative, The California Wellness Foundation funded 18 state and local organizations to conduct policy advocacy to strengthen teen pregnancy prevention policies. This article describes how some of these grantees accomplished noteworthy goals, including the passage of the California Comprehensive Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Prevention Education Act (SB71), the prevention of the state's pursuit of federal "abstinence-only-until-marriage" funding, and the passage of a local school district FLE policy. Grantee progress is presented through a five-stage policy change framework: Institutional Capacity and Leadership Building, Policy Issue Recognition, Policy Prioritization, Policy Adoption, and Policy Maintenance. Implications are shared for advocates, policy makers, and funders who are developing initiatives aimed at improving the health of adolescents.
Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Glorioseae

The pistils of the Glorioseae (Gloriosa, Littonia, Sandersonia) are generally tricarpellate and alike. Virtually all have closed sutures at flowering; they have many ovules, some of which are barely bitegmic, with inner integuments often nearly fused with nucellar remnants; and there is usually but one compound septal bundle in the inner edge of a septum. In two species of Littonia, the compound septal bundle divided to form two simple septal bundles; but in many other plants it remained undivided, and in some it died out, still undivided, below the locular apex. Most of the placental and septal bundles are vascularized in large part by three alternate (compound septal) bundles at the base of the locules and sometimes by branches from the lateral bundles. Three large (compound) placental bundles are formed just below the lowermost ovular insertion, and each then divides in two to furnish ovular branches along their ascent. Occasional auxiliary placental bundles lie between the septal bundle and the placental bundles in the septum (Gloriosa, Sandersonia).
A novel high performance distributed arithmetic adaptive filter implementation on an FPGA

In this paper, an FIR adaptive filter implementation, using a multiplier-free architecture, is presented. The implementation is based on distributed arithmetic (DA) which substitutes multiply-and-accumulate operations with a series of look-up-table (LUT) accesses. This can be achieved at the cost of a moderate increase in memory usage. The proposed design performs an LMS-type adaptation on a sample-by-sample basis. This is accomplished by an innovative LUT update using a matched auxiliary LUT. The system is implemented on an FPGA that enables rapid prototyping of digital circuits. Implementation results are provided to demonstrate that a high-speed, low logic complexity LMS adaptive filter can be realized employing the proposed architecture.
Fine Structure of Sporulation in Bacillus cereus Grown in a Chemically Defined Medium

Abstract Ellar, D. J. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), and D. G. Lundgren. Fine structure of sporulation in Bacillus cereus grown in a chemically defined medium. J. Bacteriol. 92:1748–1764. 1966.—A study was made of the fine structure of sporulating cells of Bacillus cereus grown in a chemically defined medium. The developmental stages of sporulation occurred in a fairly synchronous manner and were complete by 14 hr. This time period was shortened when spore wall peptide components were added to the medium, but the addition had no effect upon fine structure except to thicken the cell wall. Sporulation could be separated into six morphological stages which generally agreed with those published for other sporulating bacteria. The initiation of the spore (forespore) septum takes the form of an inward folding of the cytoplasmic membrane toward the pole of the cell. The inward folding forms a characteristic Y-shaped membrane structure enclosing an area within which vesicles are found. These vesicles comprise the perisporal mesosome of the cell. The membranes on opposite sides of the cell progress toward the cell center where they fuse to form the double unit membrane of the spore septum. As the proliferation of the spore septum continues, the vesicular areas move towards the pole. The end result is a double forespore membrane which completely encloses a part of the vegetative cell's chromatin. Sporal mesosomes, as well as membrane vesicles, are involved in the proliferation of the forespore. Vesicles are generally bounded by a single unit membrane, whereas in the sporal mesosomes several unit membranes are arranged concentrically. The latter become associated with the segregation of a portion of the nuclear material into the forespore region of the cell.
Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic controls on ooid mineralogy of the Smackover Formation, Mississippi salt basin; implications for Late Jurassic seawater composition

ABSTRACT The Late Jurassic Smackover Formation in the Mississippi salt basin consists of two 150 m thick shoaling-upward cycles, each capped by ooid grainstones. During deposition of the lower cycle, originally calcite ooids (preserved radial fabric, 18O = -3.8 PDB, 13C = 4.5 PDB, Sr2+ = 315 ppm) formed on the seaward side of the basin and former aragonite ooids (calcitized textures, 18O = -3.0 PDB, 13C = 5.5 PDB, Sr2+ = 1790 ppm) were precipitated on the landward side. In the upper cycle, originally calcite ooids (preserved radial fabric) were precipitated on both the seaward (18O = -2.5 PDB, 13C = 4.2 PDB, Sr2+ = 300 ppm) and the landward (18O = -2.5 PDB, 13C = 3.2 PDB, Sr2+ = 250 ppm) sides of the basin. Because kinetic variables (Mg2+/Ca2+, rate of CO32- supply, PO43-, SO42-) are incapable of totally preventing aragonite formation, we suggest that Smackover calcite ooids were precipitated from seawater with low carbonate saturation state (possibly undersaturated relative to aragonite). The shift from seaward calcite to landward aragonite ooids in the lower cycle was controlled by a shoreward increase in seawater salinity. The net effect of the salinity gradient was a landward increase in the carbonate saturation state in response to decreasing dissolved CO2 and increasing CO32-, Ca2+, and temperature. In seawater supersaturated with respect to both arago ite and calcite, kinetic variables favored dominance of aragonite over calcite. The landward increase in seawater salinity reflects extensive evaporation in an arid climate, resulting in antiestuarine circulation. The monomineralogic (calcite) nature of ooids of the upper cycle suggests that the salinity gradient across the basin was not sufficient to alter the seawater saturation state. This is attributed to a less arid climate and/or a less restricted circulation.
Utilization and control of bioactuators across multiple length scales

In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the emerging field of bioactuators across a multitude of length scales. First, we discuss the use and control of biomolecules as nanoscale actuators. Molecular motors, such as DNA, kinesin, myosin, and F1-ATPase, have been shown to exert forces in the range between 1 pN to 45 pN. Second, we discuss the use and control of single and small clusters of cells to power microscale devices. Microorganisms, such as flagellated bacteria, protozoa, and algae, can naturally swim at speeds between 20 μm s−1 to 2 mm s−1 and produce thrust forces between 0.3 pN to 200 pN. Individual and clustered mammalian cells, such as cardiac and skeletal cells, can produce even higher contractile forces between 80 nN to 3.5 μN. Finally, we discuss the use and control of 2D- and 3D-assembled muscle tissues and muscle tissue explants as bioactuators to power devices. Depending on the size, composition, and organization of these hierarchical tissue constructs, contractile forces have been demonstrated to produce between 25 μN to 1.18 mN.
Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Responses to Toxin A in Patients Infected with Clostridium difficile

The systemic and mucosal humoral response to toxin A, the primary virulence factor of Clostridium difficile, was measured in sera and intestinal secretions from 21 patients with C. difficile diarrhea, 9 asymptomatic C. difficile fecal excretors, and 10 noncolonized control subjects. Toxin A-specific IgG was higher in convalescent sera of the patients with diarrhea (mean +/- SE, 990 +/- 260 ng/mL) than in acute sera (620 +/- 150 ng/mL), in sera from asymptomatic excretors (410 +/- 140 ng/mL), or control subjects (320 +/- 50 ng/mL; P < .05 convalescent vs. control). The pattern of toxin A-specific serum IgA and intestinal secretory IgA levels was similar to that of serum IgG in these groups. Neutralization of toxin A was demonstrated in 5 of 14 convalescent sera but only 1 of 13 acute sera (P = .04). However, the presence of neutralizing activity was independent of the subsequent clinical response. Therefore, most patients convalescent from C. difficile diarrhea demonstrate systemic and mucosal antibodies to toxin A, but these antibodies following natural infection do not appear to alter the clinical course of C. difficile infection.
Overconfidence on Probabilistic Tests.

A potentially valuable measure of overconfidence on confidence response multiple-choice tests was evaluated. The measure of overconfidence was based on probabilistic responses to seven nonsense items embedded in a 33 item vocabulary test. The test was administered under both confidence response and conventional choice response directions to 208 undergraduate educational psychology students. Measures of vocabulary knowledge based on confidence and choice responses, overconfidence, and risk-taking propensity were obtained. The results indicated that overconfidence was significantly related in a negative direction to confidence response vocabulary scores and essentially unrelated to choice response vocabulary scores. A moderate correlation was found between overconfidence and risk-taking propensity. However, the scatter plot for these measures showed that this relationship may have been spurious.
Identification of the F1F0 mitochondrial ATPase as a target for modulating skin pigmentation by screening a tagged triazine library in zebrafish

A triazine-based combinatorial library of small molecules was screened in zebrafish to identify compounds that produced interesting phenotypes. One compound (of 1536 screened) induced a dramatic increase in the pigmentation of early stage zebrafish embryos. This compound, PPA, was also found to increase pigmentation in cultured mammalian melanocytes. The cellular target was identified as the mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase (ATPase) by affinity chromatography. Oligomycin, a small molecule known to inhibit the mitochondrial ATPase, competed with PPA for its cellular target in melanocytes. In addition, PPA was shown to alter the membrane potential of mitochondria, consistent with inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase. Thus, PPA has been successfully used as a chemical probe in a forward chemical genetic approach to establish a link between the phenotype and the protein. The results attest to the power of screening small molecule libraries in zebrafish as a means of identifying mammalian targets and suggest the mitochondrial ATPase as a target for modulating pigmentation in both melanocytes and melanoma cells.
Flaws of Formal Relationism

Formal relationism in the philosophy of mind is the thesis that folk psychological states should beindividuated, at least partially, in terms of the purely formal inference-licensing relations betweenunderlying mental representations. It’s supposed to provide a Russellian alternative to a Fregeantheory of propositional attitudes. I argue that there’s an inconsistency between the motivation forformalrelationismandtheusetowhichit’sputindefenseofRussellianpropositions.Furthermore,I argue that formal relationism is committed to epiphenomenalism about singular mental content.Keywords Frege’s puzzle; folk psychology; content; inference; relationism
Denitrifier abundance and activity across the San Francisco Bay estuary.

Over 50% of external dissolved inorganic nitrogen inputs to estuaries are removed by denitrification - the microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions. In this study, denitrifier abundance, potential rates and community structure were examined in sediments from the San Francisco Bay estuary. Abundance of nirK genes (encoding Cu-containing nitrite reductase) ranged from 9.7 × 10(3) to 4.4 × 10(6) copies per gram of sediment, while the abundance of nirS genes (encoding cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase) ranged from 5.4 × 10(5) to 5.4 × 10(7) copies per gram of sediment. nirK gene abundance was highest in the riverine North Bay, whereas nirS gene abundance was highest in the more marine Central and South Bays. Denitrification potential (DNP) rate measurements were highest in the San Pablo and Central Bays and lowest in the North Bay. nirS-type denitrifiers may be more biogeochemically important than nirK-type denitrifiers in this estuary, because DNP rates were positively correlated with nirS abundance, nirS abundance was higher than nirK abundance at every site and time point, and nirS richness was higher than nirK richness at every site. Statistical analyses demonstrated that salinity, organic carbon, nitrogen and several metals were key factors influencing denitrification rates, nir abundance and community structure. Overall, this study provides valuable new insights into the abundance, diversity and biogeochemical activity of estuarine denitrifying communities and suggests that nirS-type denitrifiers likely play an important role in nitrogen removal in San Francisco Bay, particularly at high-salinity sites.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS AND LOCAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN DISORDERED POLYMERS

Spatial and temporal fluctuations of the electric polarization were imaged in polymer thin films near the glass transition using electric force microscopy. Below the glass transition the fluctuations are quasi-static and spatial fluctuations were found to quantitatively agree with predictions for thermal fluctuations. Temporal fluctuations appear near the glass transition. Images of the space-time nanoscale dynamics near the glass transition are produced and analyzed. Local, complex dielectric susceptibility was also studied, and shows that dynamics on the free-surface are faster relative to the bulk.
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease(s) may follow subclinical episodes of perivenous demyelination

Three case studies of postvaccinal parkinsonism (PVP) demonstrated signs and symptoms identical to conventional diagnostic standards of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). PVP is a sub-type of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADE) that also includes postinfectious parkinsonism (PIP) and postinfectious encephalomyelitis (PIE). All ADE has a unitary pathology consisting of monophasic perivenous inflammation followed by demyelination compared with PD in which Lewy bodies are present in only 75% of studies. We hypothesize that: (1) The seminal event in PD is latent viral invasion emanating from cranial and dorsal root ganglia. (2) Viruses intermittently invade and damage neuropigmented cells secondary to perivenous demyelination. This may explain the numerous clinical and pathological manifestations of PD. Evidence is presented that this pathoetiology probably accumulates subclinically over a long timespan prior to Levy body formation and presentation of clinical signs. This hypothesis has key features similar to one previously published that will be summarized concerning multiple sclerosis.
An approach to design flow management in CAD frameworks

The approach described in this paper is based on a parallel that can be established between the design flow and the logic design domains. The paper describes how these mappings can be used to apply the existing techniques and algorithms of the logic design process to the problem of design flow management, thus providing solutions for design flow specification. representation, synthesis. flow data management and flow execution, in CAD frameworks. A 'design flow' view in EDIF has been proposed. It can be used as a standard interchange format for migrating flows across frameworks.
Diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in children and adolescents.

Purpose To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with updated information regarding the etiology, diagnosis,and treatment of childhood hypertension. Data Sources Extensive review of the scientific literature regarding hypertension, including the latest NIH recommendations. Conclusions Hypertension affects more than 350,000 American children. While the majority of hypertension in early childhood occurs from secondary causes, the incidence of essential hypertension in later childhood and adolescence is rising, raising concerns as elevated pressures in childhood “track” into adulthood. Early detection and treatment of elevated childhood pressures represent important steps in reducing long-term cardiovascular risk. Implications for Practice NPs must be able to accurately differentiate between primary and secondary hypertension in childhood. Secondary hypertension requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, and controlling primary childhood hypertension has life-long implications. Given the familial predispo-sition to hypertension, it is important for adult NPs to be aware of the risks faced by children of hypertensive patients.
15-LIPOXYGENASE PREFERENTIALLY OXYGENATES A SUBFRACTION OF HUMAN LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

The 15-lipoxygenase is high level expressed in foamy macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions but is absent in the normal vessel wall1–4. In cholesterol fed rabbits specific lipoxygenase products have been detected in the developing lesions suggesting the in vivo action of the enzyme5. Since these products appear to correlate with lipid deposition in the vessel wall a causal relation between lipoxygenase expression and atherogenesis may be concluded. In more advanced human lesions the pattern of oxygenated lipids is more unspecific suggesting a massive non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in later stages of atherogenesis6. However, even in older lesions a small share of specific lipoxygenase product has been detected recently suggesting that the 15-lipoxygenase may also be of pathophysiological importance in later stages of atherogenesis7. Although the role of the enzyme in atherogenesis is far from clear the capability of 15-lipoxygenase of oxidising LDL into an atherogenic form8,9 led to the hypothesis that the enzyme in vivo may act pro-atherogenic by oxidising native LDL which is subsequently taken up by macrophages via scavenger receptor(s) mediated pathways10. There are, however, several unsolved problems as to the mechanism of the lipoxygenase catalysed LDL oxidation in vivo, in particular the question whether there is a direct physical contact of the 15-lipoxygenase with LDL in the lesion or whether the 15-lipoxygenase catalysed oxygenation of membrane lipids leads to the formation of radical intermediates which in turn may induce the extracellular LDL oxidation.
Cross-talk between nervous and immune systems in response to injury.

Publisher Summary Potential for cross-talk between the nervous system and the immune system exists at many levels, through anatomical proximity and also by more distant humoral interactions. The growing lay popularity of psychoneuroimmunology implies that there may also be a sociological interaction between the nervous system and immune system. Cells intrinsic to the immune system and the nervous system are characteristically highly adaptable to environmental stimuli. They can rapidly upregulate and downregulate ion channels and receptors for cytokines, growth factors, hormones and neurotransmitters. Structural and functional analogies between the two systems are illustrated by the complex molecular interactions through which a foreign antigen activates T lymphocytes. After initially processing the antigen, a professional antigen-presenting cell displays peptide fragments of the antigenic protein on its surface major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC) for recognition by a specific antigen receptor complex on the surface of a T lymphocyte. The ensuing transient formation of intimate cellcell contacts, reminiscent of synapses, between antigen-presenting cell and responding T cell involves complementary surface molecules of both cells.
NMR Spectra of Methyl Ricinoleate and Methyl Ricinelaidate

The NMR spectra of methyl ricinoleate and methyl ricinelaidate at 100MHz were studied.In these spectra, it was observed that the chemical shifts for the group -OH shift to the lower field according as the concentration of the compounds in CCl4 increases and also the patterns of the olefinic proton signals change.From the results of analysis of the NMR spectra, especially for the patterns of olefinic proton signals, by using the digital computer, the chemical shifts of olefinic protons were determined for each concentration of the compounds in CCl4, as shown in Table-2.
Morphometric Differences among Four Biotypes of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)1

The morphometric differences among 4 biotypes of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), were studied on the basis of 5 characters: (1) length of Cu1 of the hind wing, (2) width of scutellum I, (3) length of basisternum II, (4) length of tegula, and (5) length of tibia III. The 4 biotypes were from Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, and Ohio. The Minnesota biotype is distinctly different from the Missouri biotype, and the Iowa biotype is intermediate. The Ohio biotype is more similar to the Missouri biotype than to the Minnesota and Iowa biotypes. These relations on the basis of morphometry are parallel to those in ecological characteristics, namely, survival and diapause. The results suggest that the biotypes of this insect have evolved beyond the stage of ecological and physiological differentiation.
Phospholipid metabolism during amino acid transport in hamster small intestine.

SummaryPrevious studies of phospholipid metabolism during active transport have used 32P and 14C glycerol as a measure of phospholipid metabolism. In this investigation linoleic-1-14C-albumin and 32P were used in studying phospholipid metabolism during amino acid transport in the hamster small intestine. The results demonstrate an augmented incorporation of linoleic-1-14C acid into lecithin at the site of maximum amino acid transport. The enhanced incorporation of fatty acid into lecithin may be related to: (a) a diacyl-monoacyl phosphoglyceride cycle resulting in a lamellar-micellar shift in this membrane phospholipid associated with transport, and/or (b) enchanced phospholipid fatty acid oxidation occurring with transport, or (c) other undefined mechanisms.
Sequencing of mutational hotspots in cancer-related genes in small cell neuroendocrine cervical cancer.

Abstract Objectives Small cell cervical cancer is a rare malignancy with limited treatment options for recurrent disease. We sought to determine if tumor specimens of small cell cervical cancer harbor common somatic mutations and if any of these are actionable. Methods Using a registry of patients with neuroendocrine cervical cancer, we identified 44 patients with pure or mixed small cell cervical cancer who had undergone mutational analysis. Mutations had been detected using next generation sequencing of mutational hotspots in 50 cancer-related genes. Results Thirty-five mutations were identified in 24 patients (55%). Fifteen of these 24 patients (63%) had 1 mutation, 7 patients (29%) had 2 mutations, and 2 patients (8%) had 3 mutations. In all 44 patients, the most commonly seen mutations were mutations in PIK3CA (8 patients; 18%), KRAS (6 patients; 14%), and TP53 (5 patients; 11%). No other mutation was found in >7% of specimens. Of the 24 patients who had a mutation, 21 (88%) had at least 1 alteration for which there currently exists a class of biological agents targeting that mutation. In the entire cohort of 44 patients, 48% had at least 1 actionable mutation. Conclusion Although no single mutation was found in the majority of patients with small cell cervical cancer, almost half had at least 1 actionable mutation. As treatment options for patients with recurrent small cell cervical cancer are currently very limited, molecular testing for targetable mutations, which may suggest potential therapeutic strategies, may be useful for clinicians and patients.
How to Choose flow Meter in the Process of Water Treating

The economic reasonable and correct select flow instrument in water treating process direct effect on the control level and cost of whole project. Different flow measare point and different medium use different kinds of flow meter. from technological and economic view to compare the cost and property of several kinds of flow meter,It can be hopefull to the designer of auto-control system.
High resolution digital radar design using chaotic AM signals

A digital chaotic radar scheme that can be used in bistatic configuration is proposed. The generation of the transmitted AM signal and all post-processing are performed digitally. The proposed methodology is simulated and then validated with an anechoic chamber test. Results indicate that chaotic AM signals have autocorrelation sidelobe levels below −20 dB. The methodology was evaluated at two bandwidths, 0.5 GHz and 1 GHz. In presence of interference, sidelobe levels of the matched filter stay below −15 dB for a SNR of 0 dB. The proposed methodology makes the use of chaotic signals in bistatic radar possible without the requirement of chaotic system synchronization.
Infection Is Not a Risk Factor for Perioperative and Postoperative Blood Loss and Transfusion in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Septic hip revisions are associated with greater complications and higher costs than aseptic revisions. It is unclear whether blood loss and transfusion requirements are different in septic and aseptic revisions. We hypothesized that the blood loss and transfusion are dependent on the complexity of the revision surgery and patient's general health rather than the presence of infection. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 626 revision total hip arthroplasties in 547 patients between 2009 and 2013. All the procedures were classified as septic (n = 120) or aseptic (n = 506) based on the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria for periprosthetic joint infection. Independent risk factors for transfusion and blood loss were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. Results The transfusion rate was higher in septic revisions (septic = 108/120 [90%], aseptic = 370/506 [73%]; P P P = .176) or blood loss ( P = .437). Increasing age ( P = .004), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score ( P = .047), lower preoperative hemoglobin ( P P P Conclusions Although blood loss and transfusion rates were higher in septic revisions, the presence of infection alone did not increase the risk of transfusion or blood loss. Blood management strategies in revision total hip arthroplasties should be guided by the type of surgery planned and patient's preoperative health rather than the presence of infection.
Bladesmithing at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

A Damascus-style layered blade was made by incorporating bloomery iron and crucible steel. A bloomery furnace was constructed and charged with Black Hills, SD bog iron ore, alloys, and hardwood charcoal. At sufficient temperature, the furnace was bottom-tapped to produce a low carbon iron bloom. A high-carbon crucible steel was made in a natural gas-fired furnace using commercial hematite pellets and coke. The steel was cast into sand molds. The two types of iron/steel were forged together using traditional blacksmithing techniques in a coke-fired forge. The forging process continued until the metal could be evenly worked, signifying the homogenization of the two metals. Once homogenized, the metal was shaped into a blade and subsequently ground into near-final shape, heat-treated, and finish-machined. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the blade were characterized using optical microscopy, hardness and tensile testing. The grain structure of the material varied widely and was not entirely homogenous at the welded layers, but the layers themselves were well-homogenized. The finished blade was compared to a common steel (1095) used for bladesmithing and was found to have similar hardness but significantly lower tensile strength.
Estimation of the cumulative incidence function under multiple dependent and independent censoring mechanisms

Competing risks occur in a time-to-event analysis in which a patient can experience one of several types of events. Traditional methods for handling competing risks data presuppose one censoring process, which is assumed to be independent. In a controlled clinical trial, censoring can occur for several reasons: some independent, others dependent. We propose an estimator of the cumulative incidence function in the presence of both independent and dependent censoring mechanisms. We rely on semi-parametric theory to derive an augmented inverse probability of censoring weighted (AIPCW) estimator. We demonstrate the efficiency gained when using the AIPCW estimator compared to a non-augmented estimator via simulations. We then apply our method to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three anti-HIV regimens in a randomized trial conducted by the AIDS Clinical Trial Group, ACTG A5095.
Service Needs of Young Adults with ADHD

The need for ongoing adult mental health services for young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the UK was determined by a follow-up study of 102 young people with ADHD who were on medication and treated at a pediatric neurodisability clinic in Sheffield.
Uniform Growth of Sub-5-Nanometer High-κ Dielectrics on MoS2 Using Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

Regardless of the application, MoS2 requires encapsulation or passivation with a high-quality dielectric, whether as an integral aspect of the device (as with top-gated field-effect transistors (FETs)) or for protection from ambient conditions. However, the chemically inert surface of MoS2 prevents uniform growth of a dielectric film using atomic layer deposition (ALD)—the most controlled synthesis technique. In this work, we show that a plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD) process, compared to traditional thermal ALD, substantially improves nucleation on MoS2 without hampering its electrical performance, and enables uniform growth of high-κ dielectrics to sub-5 nm thicknesses. Substrate-gated MoS2 FETs were studied before/after ALD and PEALD of Al2O3 and HfO2, indicating the impact of various growth conditions on MoS2 properties, with PEALD of HfO2 proving to be most favorable. Top-gated FETs with high-κ films as thin as ∼3.5 nm yielded robust performance with low leakage current and strong gate control. Mechanis...
Methods of Thermal Modeling and Their Impact on Interstitial Hyperthermia Treatment Planning

What is the purpose of writing another chapter, or book for that matter, on hyperthermia principles involving temperature models and treatment planning? The answer is that the field is constantly changing as new technologies appear and refinements of current technologies occur. Additional mathematical models for thermal modeling have been developed since prior books or chapters have been published, with many of these now en compassing three-dimensional (3-D) calculations. Also, practical 3-D noninvasive thermal imaging systems are being developed which will be a boon to temperature control during hyperthermia treatments.
Characterization of MAP kinase and PKC isoform and effect of ACE inhibition in hypertrophy in vivo

Protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation appear important in conferring hypertrophy in vitro. However, the response of PKC and MAP kinase to stimuli known to ind...
Synthetic single-crystal, homoepitaxially grown, CVD diamond capacitor

Homoepitaxially grown diamond film capacitor has been fabricated and tested for capacitance characteristics. Type IIa diamond was chosen for carbon ion implantation and subsequently microwave plasma CVD diamond was grown. CVD diamond film was separated from the base type IIa diamond substrate by using electrochemical bias. The separated CVD diamond film was annealed at 450°C for 2 h and metallized the film using a d.c. magnetron sputtering technique. The observed capacitance of the fabricated device is of the order of picofarads, close to the expected value of the capacitance.
Correlation of surgeon radiology assessment with laparoscopic scoring in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.

5570Background: To determine the correlation between surgeon radiology assessment and laparoscopic scoring in patients with newly diagnosed advanced stage ovarian cancer. Methods: Following IRB app...
Rituximab Therapy for Systemic Rheumatoid Vasculitis: Indications, Outcomes, and Adverse Events.

Objective. To characterize the indication, outcomes, and adverse effects of rituximab (RTX) treatment in a large single-center cohort of patients with systemic rheumatoid vasculitis (RV). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 17 patients treated with RTX for systemic RV from 2000 to 2017. Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and adverse effects were analyzed. Results. At RV diagnosis, mean age was 59 years, 59% were female, 94% were white, and 82% had positive rheumatoid factor. At the time of initiating RTX, median Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for rheumatoid arthritis was 4.0 (interquartile range 2.0–7.5). RV presented in the skin in 8 patients (47%), as mononeuritis multiplex in 2 (12%), inflammatory ocular disease in 2 (12%), and affected multiple organ systems in 5 (29%). RTX was used for induction therapy in 8 patients (47%), relapsing RV in 4 (24%), second-line therapy in 2 (12%), and salvage therapy or in combination with another agent in 3 (18%). At 3 months, 2 (13%) of 15 patients with available followup information achieved complete remission (CR), and 10 (67%) achieved partial response (PR). At 6 months, 6 patients (40%) achieved CR, 8 (53%) achieved PR, and one had no response. At 12 months, 8 of 13 patients with available records (62%) had CR and 5 patients (38%) had PR. Conclusion. Systemic RV is difficult to treat effectively. CR of RV was achieved in 62% and PR in 38% of patients within 12 months of RTX use. Further evidence is needed to inform treatment for patients with RV.
Measuring Social Welfare: An Introduction

The social welfare function (SWF) methodology is a systematic framework for assessing governmental policy. It represents a major step beyond cost-benefit analysis (CBA), currently the dominant policy-assessment tool. The SWF framework is well established in certain parts of the economics literature — such as theoretical welfare economics, optimal tax theory, and climate economics — but unlike CBA is not yet used by governments. While CBA quantifies well-being impacts in monetary units (via the construct of willingness to pay/accept), the SWF framework does so using an interpersonally comparable well-being measure. "Measuring Social Welfare: An Introduction" provides a rigorous but accessible overview and defense of the SWF framework. This interdisciplinary work is grounded not only in economics but also in philosophy; it draws from philosophical scholarship concerning well-being, consequentialism, distributive justice, and utilitarianism. The SWF framework has three components: (1) The well-being measure, which converts each possible outcome of policy choice into a list (vector) of well-being numbers, measuring the well-being of each person in the population in that outcome. (2) The SWF proper, which is a rule for ranking these vectors (for example, the utilitarian SWF, which sums up the numbers; or a prioritarian SWF, which sums up a concave transformation of well-being, and thereby gives priority to those at lower well-being levels). (3) An uncertainty module for the chosen SWF, for ranking policies understood as probability distributions over well-being vectors. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the methodology and its ethical grounding, and contrasts the SWF approach with CBA. Chapter 2 discusses the construction of the well-being measure. Following in the footsteps of John Harsanyi, this chapter shows how von Neumann-Morgenstern utility theory can be used to construct an interpersonally comparable well-being measure that accommodates heterogeneous preferences. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the functional form of the SWF and application under uncertainty. Salient possibilities include the utilitarian SWF, prioritarian SWFs, “sufficientist" SWFs, egalitarian SWFs, and the leximin SWF. These chapters aim specifically to make the case for prioritarianism. Chapter 5 is a detailed case study of the application of the SWF format to environmental policy (specifically, fatality risk regulation), contrasting that approach with CBA. (Because CBA ignores the diminishing marginal utility of money, it is biased towards the rich in valuing risk reduction — even more so than utilitarianism, let alone prioritarianism — and is insensitive to the distribution of the material costs of reduction.) Chapter 6 discusses the potential implementation of the SWF approach in government, and Chapter 7 addresses research frontiers (variable population and responsibility). Chapter 1 will be available for free on OUP on-line for three months starting March 1, 2020.
The Effects of Knowledge on the Level of External Information Search

This manuscript presents an argument for the need to explicitly measure the passive component of external information search. Scale development for passive information search is proposed. Propositions are developed looking at the relationships of objective knowledge and self-assesses (subjective) knowledge with active and passive information search.
Teamwork and Oral Health in Diabetes Care.

BACKGROUND The integration of oral health into primary care is often limited, despite its significant connection with many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE This project aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an oral health education program for medical assistants (MAs) to increase oral health knowledge and enhance practice using standardized oral health screening questions for patients with DM. METHODS A nurse practitioner-led oral health program was implemented. Medical assistants completed a pre-test and post-test to assess oral health knowledge, a pre-survey and post-survey to assess likelihood of performing screening questions, and a post-implementation survey to assess barriers. RESULTS Analyses of pre-test and post-test results using the Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test (two-tailed) showed a significant increase in correct answers on the post-test (W = 0, N = 8, p ≤ 0.05), with the mean score increasing from 81% to 95%. In addition, the MAs' likelihood of asking screening questions increased and 62.5% reported no barriers to implementation after 1 week. CONCLUSIONS All participants demonstrated an increase in knowledge and likelihood of using screening questions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING An oral health program using a team approach to equip MAs with training offers a practical method to incorporate evidence-based recommendations into primary care.
In our patient‐centered era, it is time we gave patient‐reported outcomes their due

Editor’s Note: We have read with considerable interest the recent article by St. Germain et al entitled “Reporting of Health-related Quality of Life Endpoints in National Cancer Institute-supported Cancer Treatment Trials” as well as the accompanying editorial by our longtime colleague David Cella. This is indeed an era where health-related quality of life correlative studies are of great interest to the journal. While typically, cooperative groups do not allow publication secondary data analysis, and as Dr. Cella points out, HRQoL is almost always considered a secondary endpoint, these data are invaluable. They are ever more important in an era of spiraling cancer treatment costs, precision targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and longer survivorship. That is one reason why we at Cancer must stay open to receiving more such articles in this relatively new and important space. We therefore join Dr. Cella in his enthusiasm for these revealing studies and formally encourage the co-submission of trial primary outcomes and HRQoL manuscripts to Cancer.
Regional Structural Orientation of the Mount Sharp Group Revealed by In Situ Dip Measurements and Stratigraphic Correlations on the Vera Rubin Ridge

Ground‐based bedding orientation measurements are critical to determine the geologic history and processes of sedimentation in Gale crater, Mars. We constrain the dip of lacustrine strata of the Blunts Point, Pettegrove Point, and Jura members of the Murray formation using a combination of regional stratigraphic correlations and bed attitude measurements from stereo Mastcam images taken by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover. In situ bed attitude measurements using a principal component analysis‐based regression method reveal a wide range of dips and dip azimuths owing to a combination of high stereo errors, postdepositional deformation of strata (e.g., fracturing, rotation, and impact cratering), and different primary depositional dips. These constrain regional dips to be within several degrees of horizontal on average. Stratigraphic correlations between targets observed in the Glen Torridon trough and at the Pettegrove Point‐Jura member contact of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) constrain dips to be between 3°SE and 2°NW, consistent with nearly flat strata deposited horizontally on an equipotential surface. The Jura member is determined to be stratigraphically equivalent to the northern portion of the Glen Torridon trough. Rover‐based dip magnitudes are generally significantly shallower than the orientation of VRR member contacts measured from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment‐based traces, suggesting the sedimentary strata and VRR member contacts may be discordant.
The Sexual Pleasure View of Sexual Desire

This paper defends the ‘sexual pleasure view’ of sexual desire—that sexual desire is for sexual pleasure. It does so by explaining the various aspects of the view, especially that of ‘sexual pleasu...