cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unblocking tapones and finding pleasant places

Tapon is the word that comes to mind when I think about this piece. The tapon of my bathtub in Cuba when I was a child that prevented the water from streaming out. The tapon of the traffic jams in Puerto Rico, leaving my mother-in-law´s house to go anywhere, as the traffic stopped flowing. And the tapon I feel today, in NYC, in the midst of a pandemic that has hit poor communities of color the hardest, and as a smooth transition to a new president has been slowed down by lies and innuendos of fraud. I have written many academic articles, but never have I struggled with the tapon I have felt in writing this piece that urged me to take a “ viaje a la semilla ,” the title of a book by Alejo Carpentier, a Cuban author. Taking a trip ‘to the seed of it all’ is painful, and I have resisted lifting the tapon that has kept me from looking inward, linking my today with my past. I thank Sonia Nieto, a beacon and inspiration to all Latinas and all educators, for asking me to unclog memories of who I am, and how my who is related to the work in which I have engaged. In so doing, I recognize those who have been with me in the streams of my life as a woman, a student, a mother, a wife, a grandmother, a teacher, an academic. As I have done so, I have realized more than ever that as Psalm 16 says: “The lines have fallen for me in pleasant places,” and it has been my family, teachers, colleagues and students who have given me more than I deserve. [Download the PDF to read more about Dr. Garcia's journey and wisdom]
Understanding racial differences in computerized neurocognitive test performance and symptom-reporting to deliver culturally competent patient-centered care for sport-related concussion.

OBJECTIVE This study examined neurocognitive performance and symptoms between concussed Black and White collegiate athletes at baseline, post-injury, and change from baseline to post-injury. METHOD The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was used to measure neurocognitive performance and four concussion symptom clusters for 235 concussed collegiate athletes. Between-groups differences were documented at baseline and post-injury, along with change in scores for sex/race, and sport/race groups, using ANOVAs. Baseline scores, and days-to-post-test were covariates in post-injury comparisons. Symptom endorsement by race was evaluated using chi-square analyses. RESULTS At baseline, group comparisons by race and sex showed that Black male/female athletes scored lower on reaction time (RT; p = .008), White females scored higher on verbal memory (VerbMem; p = .001), Black females scored lower on visual motor processing speed (VMS; p = .001), and Black football athletes scored slower/poorer on RT (p = .001) and VMS (p = .006). Post-injury, Black males scored lower on visual memory (VisMem; p = .005) and VMS (p = .002), and Black football athletes scored slower on VMS (p = .005), whereas White non-football athletes scored higher on VerbMem (p = .002) and reported fewer symptoms. Significant time-by-sport/race interactions were found for VerbMem (p < .001), VisMem (p < .001) and reported symptoms. With respect to post-injury symptom scores/endorsement, Black athletes scored significantly higher for physical (p = .01) and sleep (p = .01) symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings drive the conversation of how subjective measures of symptoms, and objective clinical concussion measures, may relate to the concussion recovery process and providing a culturally competent clinical management approach for diverse patients.
Acute Detubulation of Ventricular Myocytes Amplifies the Inhibitory Effect of Cholinergic Agonist on Intracellular Ca2+ Transients

Muscarinic receptors expressed in cardiac myocytes play a critical role in the regulation of heart function by the parasympathetic nervous system. How the structural organization of cardiac myocytes affects the regulation of Ca2+ handling by muscarinic receptors is not well-defined. Using confocal Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp techniques, and immunocytochemistry, the relationship between t-tubule density and cholinergic regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in normal murine ventricular myocytes and myocytes with acute disruption of the t-tubule system caused by formamide treatment was studied. The inhibitory effect of muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (CCh, 10 μM) on the amplitude of Ca2+ transients, evoked by field-stimulation in the presence of 100 nM isoproterenol (Iso), a β-adrenergic agonist, was directly proportional to the level of myocyte detubulation. The timing of the maximal rate of fluorescence increase of fluo-4, a Ca2+-sensitive dye, was used to classify image pixels into the regions functionally coupled or uncoupled to the sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx (ICa). CCh decreased the fraction of coupled regions and suppressed Ca2+ propagation from sarcolemma inside the cell. Formamide treatment reduced ICa density and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content. CCh did not change SR Ca2+ content in Iso-stimulated control and formamide-treated myocytes. CCh inhibited peak ICa recorded in the presence of Iso by ∼20% in both the control and detubulated myocytes. Reducing ICa amplitude up to 40% by changing the voltage step levels from 0 to -25 mV decreased Ca2+ transients in formamide-treated but not in control myocytes in the presence of Iso. CCh inhibited CaMKII activity, whereas CaMKII inhibition with KN93 mimicked the effect of CCh on Ca2+ transients in formamide-treated myocytes. It was concluded that the downregulation of t-tubules coupled with the diminished efficiency of excitation-contraction coupling, increases the sensitivity of Ca2+ release and propagation to muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of both ICa and CaMKII activity.
Meta-analysis of structural MRI studies in anorexia nervosa and the role of recovery: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with structural brain abnormalities. Studies have reported less cerebral tissue and more cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in individuals with AN relative to healthy controls, although findings are variable and inconsistent due to variations in sample size, age, and disease state (e.g., active AN, weight-recovered AN). Further, it remains unclear if structural brain abnormalities observed in AN are a consequence of specific brain pathologies or malnutrition, as very few longitudinal neuroimaging studies in AN have been completed. METHODS To overcome this issue, this comprehensive meta-analysis will combine region-of-interest (ROI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approaches to understand how regional and global structural brain abnormalities differ among individuals with AN and healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, we aim to understand how clinical characteristics and physiological changes during the course of illness, including acute illness vs. weight recovery, may moderate these structural abnormalities. We will create an online database of studies that have investigated structural brain abnormalities in AN. Data will be reviewed independently by two members of our team using MEDLINE databases, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We will conduct ROI and VBM meta-analysis using seed-based d mapping in AN and HCs. We will include all studies that include structural neuroimaging of individuals with AN (both acute and weight-recovered) and HCs between January 1997 and 2020. DISCUSSION This systematic review will assess the effects of AN compared to HC on brain structure. Futhermore, it will explore the role of acute AN and weight-recovered AN on brain structure. Findings will help researchers and clinicians to better understand the course of illness in AN and the nature of recovery, in terms of weight, malnutrition, and the state of the brain. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020180921.
Assessment of Lymphoma and Other Hematologic Malignancies Training Needs Among Radiation Oncology Residents: a Brief Report.

The role of radiation therapy (RT) varies across hematologic malignancies (HM). Radiation oncology (RO) resident comfort with specific aspects of HM patient management is unknown. The International Lymphoma RO Group (ILROG) assessed resident HM training opportunities and interest in an HM away elective. RO residents (PGY2-5) in the Association of Residents in RO (ARRO) database (n = 572) were emailed an anonymous, web-based survey in January 2019 including binary, Likert-type scale (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely, reported as median [interquartile range]), and multiple-choice questions. Of 134 resident respondents (23%), 86 (64%) were PGY4/5 residents and 36 (27%) were in larger programs (≥ 13 residents). Residents reported having specialized HM faculty (112, 84%) and a dedicated HM rotation (95, 71%). Residents reported “moderate” preparedness to advocate for RT in multidisciplinary conferences (3 [2–3]); make HM-related clinical decisions (3 [2–4]); and critique treatment planning (3 [2–4]). They reported feeling “moderately” to “quite” prepared to contour HM cases (3.5 [3–4]) and “quite” prepared to utilize the PET-CT five-point scale (4 [3–5]). Overall, residents reported feeling “moderately” prepared to treat HM patients (3 [2–3]); 24 residents (23%) felt “quite” or “extremely” prepared. Sixty-six residents (49%) were potentially interested in an HM away elective, commonly to increase comfort with treating HM patients (65%). Therefore, HM training is an important component of RO residency, yet a minority of surveyed trainees felt quite or extremely well prepared to treat HM patients. Programs should explore alternative and additional educational opportunities to increase resident comfort with treating HM patients.
Transformation pentecôtiste et restauration sociale chez les Inuit

Un recent colloque en l’honneur de Bernard Saladin d’Anglure abordait les questions relatives a la famille, a l’enfance et aux specificites de chaque sexe. Ces themes m’ont incitee a examiner specifiquement la notion pentecotiste de « renaissance » pour aborder le role que joue la chretiente, en particulier le pentecotisme, dans la constitution de la communaute inuit contemporaine de Qikiqtarjuaq. L’examen des rituels permettant la transformation identitaire et l’adoption d’une identite chretienne renouvelee montre que chez les Inuit, transformation religieuse et restauration sociale sont etroitement intriquees. Cette etude de cas ethnographique revele que l’integration de nouveaux elements du pentecotisme a la societe inuit peut etre comprise comme un processus d’adaptation dynamique en continuite avec la culture autochtone.
Visualization of Variants in Textual Collations to Analyze the Evolution of Literary Works in the Cervantes Project

As part of the Cervantes Project digital library, we are developing an Electronic Variorum Edition (EVE) of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Multiple editors can create an EVE with our Multi Variant Editor for Documents (MVED), which allows collation of one base text against several comparison texts to identify, link and edit all existing variants among them. In this context we are investigating the use of visualizations to depict graphically variants in order to validate the accuracy of the textual transcriptions and to understand the similarities and differences among different printings and editions. Our broader goal is to enable users to analyze the collation's results and to discover facts about the evolution of the Quixote textual history, and to provide evidence to eliminate printing and compositor's errors and thus to produce a more correct edition closer to Cervantes' original manuscript. This paper describes the visualization tool, and presents the initial results of its use.
A Framework for Designing a Global Information Network for Multinational Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief

Large-scale Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) operations, particularly in developing countries, require the intervention and aid of various agencies from all over the world in a concerted and timely manner. As a result, HA/DR operations involve dynamic information exchange, planning, coordination and above all negotiation. Although a number of studies have reported the benefits of using information and communication technologies to support negotiation activities, it remains unclear how such technologies could be adapted to large-scale HA/DR operations. This paper examines negotiational issues involved in a multinational HA/DR environment and presents a framework that would help in developing a Global Information Network (GIN). The proposed framework can be used to assess and characterize individual disaster situations so that the GIN functional and design requirements can be accurately identified early. Future implications to GIN architecture are also discussed.
Hollywood's West: The American Frontier in Film, Television, and History

Peter C. Rollins and John E. O'Connor, editors. Hollywood's West: The American Frontier in Film, Television, & History. University Press of Kentucky, 2005. 373 pages; $40.00. Winner: Ray and Pat Browne Award for an Edited Work. Real Men As an ongoing Hollywood genre, probably no group of photodramas can generate such unbridled enthusiasm and provide innumerable vicarious thrills than a good shoot-'em-from-the-hip, get-out-of-town-before-sundown cowboy motion picture, those rip-roaring Westerns where real men wear spurs, fasten their Colt-45's low on their femurs, and keep their backs to the sun. Here-in the untamed world of picturesque valleys, high plateaus, or desert cacti-these fast-on-their-feet heroes leap on stallions, fend off range rustlers, protect hapless widows from unscrupulous land speculators, and rescue orphaned children from the clutches of savage Apache marauders. Why wouldn't they? As the motion pictures' national hero, the American cowboy's credo-beginning with a 1903 twelve-minute silent performance, The Great Train Robbery-always incorporated fair play, quick thinking, six-gun agility, and soft-spoken piety. As national frontiersmen, these high-spirited equestrians preserved the law and, in their own nonpolitical way, explained to audiences what Manifest Destiny really meant. While this doctrine of Western expansion originated in the 1840s, most moviegoers never understood its implementation until Richard Dix, John Wayne, Randolph Scott, or Tex Ritter sternly looked into the camera, quietly coughed, and demurely explicated the need for an extended border that stretched from ocean to ocean. But, why was this? What role did Hollywood screenplays assume in explaining nineteenth-century expansion to a twentieth-century audience? How about a contemporary understanding of Western development? How much is learned from the silver screen? And, what about parallels, allegories, or analogies? Are they found-directly or subliminally-in these photoplays? Clearly, this is a complicated subject and, once more, two established film historians, Peter C. Rollins and John E. O'Connor, have corroborated to produce another eclectic anthology that analyzes every facet of the American frontier portrayed in the print and visual media. Without question, Hollywood's West: The American Frontier in Film, Television, & History contains a wealth of research examining many intricacies about this national expansion movement and, later, its perception on the screen and television, plus its contents in books and magazines. Beginning with a thorough analysis of Frederick Jackson Turner's 1893 bellwether safety-valve theory-that defined the Western frontier's intrinsic value-this thirteen-chapter collection, arranged in chronological order, contains some outstanding information about cinema, its natural offspring, television, and the many creative and nonfictional titles that have fashioned, for better of worse, America's image of this bygone era. …
Nationalist Tensions: Tradition and Modernity in Discussions of Kyrgyz Bride-Capture

© 2003 Ethan Wilensky-Lanford All Rights Reserved The copyright for individual articles in both the print and online version of the Anthropology of East Europe Review is retained by the individual authors. They reserve all rights other than those stated here. Please contact the managing editor for details on contacting these authors. Permission is granted for reproducing these articles for scholarly and classroom use as long as only the cost of reproduction is charged to the students. Commercial reproduction of these articles requires the permission of the authors. Bride kidnapping, or alakachuu, is the single most common form of marriage practice in sections of rural Kyrgyzstan. A young woman, typically between the ages of 18 and 22, is tricked or convinced to get into a car with a group of men, who she may or may not know. She is taken to the family home of one of her kidnappers. There, his extended family will be gathered with a collection of gifts. The female and elderly family members attempt to convince the young woman to marry into the family. Barring the highly unlikely event of refusal, the bride is pronounced wife that night, as her new mother-in-law ties a ceremonial scarf (jooluk) over her hair. After the marriage is consecrated, the new couple sleeps together. In more conservative homes, the sheets are inspected in the morning to insure that the bride was, indeed, a virgin. If she was not, the bloodless sheets may be hung outside and great shame will fall upon the bride as well as her family.
Ring opening of 1, 3-cyclohexadiene probed by time-resolved optical and x-ray fragmentation

We used time-resolved fragmentation initiated by strong-field optical laser and short x-ray pulses to probe ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene. We will discuss these complementary techniques and their potential for probing and controlling dynamics.
Field method comparison for the characterization of acid aerosols and gases

Abstract This paper presents findings from two intercomparison studies of acid aerosol measurement systems, which were conducted in Uniontown and State College, PA, during the summers of 1990 and 1991, respectively. As part of these studies, acid aerosol and gas concentrations (NH3, HNO3, HNO2, SO2, H+, NH4+, NO3, SO42−) were measured using five systems: the Harvard/EPA Annular Denuder Systems (HEADS), the Personal Annular Denuder System (PADS), the Continuous Sulfate/Thermal Speciation system (CSTS), the Micro-Orifice Impactor (MOI), and the Harvard Marple Impactor (HI). Concentrations were measured over 3, 12, and 24 h periods, with resultant acid aerosol and gas measurements compared for each system. Results from these studies show excellent agreement among the particulate measurement systems. The sulfate (SO42−), aerosol strong acidity (H+), and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations measured by all systems were highly correlated. In addition, 3 and 12 h particulate measurements were comparable for HEADS, MO1, and PADS samplers. Although significantly different, mean relative differences between HEADS measurements and those obtained using the HI and CSTS (SO42− only) systems were small. For the gases nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the performance of the HEADS sampler was found to be independent of sample duration, as the 3 and 12 h HEADS measurements were comparable. The PADS sampler, however, was found to measure concentrations of both HNO3 and SO2 poorly. PADS measurements, of HNO3 in particular, were significantly lower than corresponding HEADS measurements. These lower values probably resulted from their deposition on the inlet surfaces of the PADS sampler. The performance of the measurement systems for ammonia (NH3), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (NO3−) could not be determined, since their outdoor levels generally were near or below the limit of detection (LOD).
Evaluation of electronic portal imaging device for missing tissue compensator design and verification

The purpose of this investigation is to determine if electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) can be used for the design and verification of compensating filters. In order to do this, we investigated the operating characteristics of a commercially available EPID and the variation in transmitted dose for various measurement situations. We performed four initial tests to determine the EPID response specific to compensator situations. The tests determined EPID response to variable patient SSDs, different gantry angles, positions of an inhomogeneity within a phantom, and the sensitivity variation of different parts of the imager. After these tests, we determined the attenuation functions relating EPID response to phantom thickness for various phantom materials. With these functions, we tested simple compensation situations to demonstrate that missing tissue compensators can both be designed and verified using EPIDs.
Canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma tyrosine kinase receptor expression and phosphorylation

This study evaluated tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) expression and activation in canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (cpAC) biospecimens. As histological similarities exist between human and cpAC, we hypothesized that cpACs will have increased TKR mRNA and protein expression as well as TKR phosphorylation. The molecular profile of cpAC has not been well characterized making the selection of therapeutic targets that would potentially have relevant biological activity impossible. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to define TKR expression and their phosphorylation state in cpAC as well as to evaluate the tumors for the presence of potential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activating mutations in exons 18–21. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TKR expression was performed using a tissue microarray (TMA) constructed from twelve canine tumors and companion normal lung samples. Staining intensities of the IHC were quantified by a veterinary pathologist as well as by two different digitalized algorithm image analyses software programs. An antibody array was used to evaluate TKR phosphorylation of the tumor relative to the TKR phosphorylation of normal tissues with the resulting spot intensities quantified using array analysis software. Each EGFR exon PCR product from all of the tumors and non-affected lung tissues were sequenced using sequencing chemistry and the sequencing reactions were run on automated sequencer. Sequence alignments were made to the National Center for Biotechnology Information canine EGFR reference sequence. The pro-angiogenic growth factor receptor, PDGFRα, had increased cpAC tumor mRNA, protein expression and phosphorylation when compared to the normal lung tissue biospecimens. Similar to human pulmonary adenocarcinoma, significant increases in cpAC tumor mRNA expression and receptor phosphorylation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine receptor were present when compared to the corresponding normal lung tissue. The EGFR mRNA, protein expression and phosphorylation were not increased compared to the normal lung and no activating mutations were identified in exons 18–21. Canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma TKRs are detected at both the mRNA and protein levels and are activated. Further investigation into the contribution of TKR activation in cpAC tumorigenesis is warranted.
Evaluation of salt marsh hydrology using radium as a tracer

Abstract Radium isotopes provide unique and important information concerning water exchange in a salt marsh-tidal creek system. Seasonal radium data collected over five tidal cycles from a creek draining a South Carolina salt marsh, radium and thorium data from the adjacent marsh sediments and interstitial water radium data from the drainage basin are modeled to yield residence times of water in the upper 10 cm of the marsh sediments ranging from less than one to twenty-six hours. Water residence times derived from chambers which directly measure the flux of Ra isotopes to the creek waters agree well with these calculated interstitial water turnover times. Dissolved radium activities in the tidal creek were greater during the summer than during other times of the year. We suspect that seasonal changes in the storage of organic carbon and rates of bioturbation lead to net reduction of radium carrier phases in the marsh sediments during the summer.
Micronutrient uptake and distribution in mycorrhizal or phosphorus-fertilized soybeans

Soybean plants were grown in a soil very low in available P. Seedlings were inoculated with two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi or were left non-inoculated and fertilized with P. Assimilation and allocation of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) were determined during host development, and the uptake of trace elements in VAM plants was compared to P-fertilized, non-VAM plants of similar weight, growth stage, and P status. Copper and zinc concentrations were always higher in VAM plants, while iron and manganese concentrations were lower than in the equivalent P-fertilized soybeans. Differences in the micronutrient content of fully-mature soybean pods reflected differences in the leaves and roots. Thus, for trace elements, seed quality can be altered by VAM colonization in a fashion not duplicated by P fertilizer.
The Semantic Web and End Users: What's Wrong and How to Fix It

The Semantic Web's potential to deliver tools that help end users capture, communicate, and manage information has yet to be fulfilled, and far too little research is going into doing so. The author examines the poor state of current tools, argues that the Semantic Web offers a key part of the answer to building better ones, and discusses what needs to change in Semantic Web research to attain that goal. The Web extra video for the Atomate example is available at http://youtu.be/91KF1wEOVhU.
Avian Virus-Induced Tumors

Abstract THE first evidence that a virus could cause cancer was the discovery by Ellerman and Bang (1908) that chicken leukemia could be transferred by filtered blood. The transfer of a tumor from chicken to chicken was reported by Rous (1910). Dr. Rous accomplished this by injecting tumor material into closely related chickens. The following year he (1911) reported this to be a virus-induced tumor and it became the prime example for studying virus-induced tumors. The Rous tumor was transferred first in closely related Barred Plymouth chickens, but soon could be transferred to all breeds of chickens. Later the Rous sarcoma was transferred by Andrewes (1932) to pheasants and guinea fowl. Ahlstrom and Forsby (1926) reported that formerly it was believed that Rous sarcoma virus could not induce sarcomas in mammals. However, the Schmidt-Ruppin strain (1959) that was obtained originally from Professor C. Oberling, apparently a variant of the Rous sarcoma . . .
Influence of foliar ozone injury on root development and root surface fungi of pinto bean plants

Abstract Chronic exposure of Pinto bean plants to levels of ozone sufficient to cause foliar injury adversely affected shoot and root growth and vigour and enhanced senescence. These effects were reflected in quantitative rather than qualitative differences in the successional root surface fungi. More fungal colonies were consistently isolated from the roots and hypocotyls of plants exposed to ozone than from those grown in charcoal-filtered air. Roots and hypocotyls of plants exposed and not exposed to ozone were colonised by the same fungi and each had the same general mycoflora at each sampling period. Rhizobium nodules were found on the roots of plants grown in charcoal-filtered air, but were not found on the roots of plants grown in the ozone chamber.
Transition rates of autoionizing 3s3p6 up (n=4,5,6) states of argon

Abstract Transition rates for autoionizing …3s3p 6 n p ( n = 4,5,6) states of argon are presented using simple analytical functions for the bound states and the Coulomb function for the continuum state. The results are in very good agreement with experiment.
Cluster Categories and Their Relation to Cluster Algebras and Semi-invariants

Cluster categories were introduced in the paper “Tilting theory and cluster combinatorics” [8] in order to better understand the combinatorics of cluster algebras, by giving new, module theoretic and categorical meanings to the combinatorics of the well known cluster algebras [20]. Subsequently, correspondences between the many notions in these two areas were given, e.g. [5, 6, 11, 9] and others.
The characterization of a wide area network computation

Distributed parallel computing using message-passing techniques on Networks of Workstations (NOW) has achieved widespread use in the context of Local Area Networks. Recently, the concept of Grid-based computing using Wide Area Networks (WAN) has been proposed as a general solution to distributed high performance computing. The use of computers and resources at different geographic locations connected by a Wide Area Network and executing a real application introduces additional variables that potentially complicate the efficient use of these resources. Presented here are the results of a study that begins to characterize the performance issues of a WAN-based NOW, connecting resources that span an international border.
Etiology of neuroanatomical correlates of reading disability.

The heritable nature of reading disability has been well documented (DeFries & Alarcon, 1996), and possible abnormalities of brain structures have been associated with the disorder (Filipek, 1995). However, the etiology of individual differences in morphological brain measures has not been examined extensively. The purpose of this study was to apply behavioral genetic methods to assess the etiology of individual differences in neuroanatomical structures. Measures of reading performance, cognitive ability, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 25 monozygotic (MZ) and 23 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs with reading disability, and 9 MZ and 9 DZ control twin pairs participating in the Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center. Results obtained from multiple regression analyses (DeFries & Fulker, 1985, 1988) of these twin data indicated that individual differences in the size of most cortical and subcortical structures were largely due to heritable influences. Moreover, estimates of heritability did not change appreciably after controlling for IQ and total brain size.
A cervical lymph node metastatic model of human tongue carcinoma: Serial and orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact patient specimens in nude mice.

Abstract Purpose: A lymph node metastatic model of human tongue carcinoma using orthotopic and serial transplantation was established in nude mice to study the invasive and metastatic properties of human tongue cancer. Materials and Methods: Lymph node metastatic specimens of human tongue carcinoma were transplanted into nude mice orthotopically. Tumors dissected from the metastatic lymph nodes of the nude mice were serially transplanted into tongues of disease-free nude mice at 4-week intervals. Results: All mice developed aggressive and diffuse well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma at tongue recipient sites. Tumor cells invaded to lymphatic vessels. In addition, increased cervical lymph node metastasis was noted in the first (3 of 14, or 21%), second (4 of 11, or 36%), third (6 of 10, or 60%), or fourth (11 of 14, or 79%) transplantation. In mice, 2 of 14 lung metastases were found in the fourth round of transplantation. Conclusion: After surgical specimens of the lymph node metastasis for human tongue cancer were transplanted into the tongue of nude mice, the clinical characteristics of human tongue carcinoma, especially invasion and metastasis, were observed. This metastatic model involving orthotopic and serial transplantation should be useful for studies on the mechanisms, treatment, and prevention of human carcinoma of tongue. © 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:696-700, 2003
Chromosomal analysis of metastatic retinoblastoma cells.

Fluorescent chromosome study of metastatic tumor cells (bone marrow and spinal fluid) of retinoblastoma in a 2-year-old boy revealed highly abnormal findings. The majority of the cells examined at both sites were hyperdiploid, containing 48 or 47 chromosomes. At least 6 distinct markers were found in these cells. One of the markers has a striking resemblence to the m2 marker of retinoblastoma cells described by Mark (1970). No D group abnormalities were observed in the metastatic tumor cells or in the blood of the patient.
Phagocytosis and remodeling of collagen matrices

The biodegradation of collagen and the deposition of new collagen-based extracellular matrices are of central importance in tissue remodeling and function. Similarly, for collagen-based biomaterials used in tissue engineering, the degradation of collagen scaffolds with accompanying cellular infiltration and generation of new extracellular matrix is critical for the integration of in vitro grown tissues in vivo. In earlier studies we observed significant impact of collagen structure on primary lung fibroblast behavior in vitro in terms of collagen uptake and matrix remodeling. Therefore, in the present work, the response of human fibroblasts (IMR-90) to the structural state of collagen was studied with respect to phagocytosis in the presence and absence of inhibitors. Protein content and transcript levels for collagen I (Col-1), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) were characterized as a function of collagen matrix concentration, structure and cell culture time to assess effects on cellular collagen matrix remodeling processes. Phagocytosis of collagen was assessed quantitatively by the uptake of collagen-coated fluorescent beads incorporated into the collagen matrices. Significantly higher levels of collagen phagocytosis were observed for the cells grown on the denatured collagen versus native collagen matrices. Significant reduction in collagen phagocytosis was observed by blocking several phagocytosis pathways when the cells were grown on denatured collagen versus non-denatured collagen. Collagen phagocytosis inhibition effects were significantly greater for PDL57 IMR-90 cells versus PDL48 cells, reflecting a reduced number of collagen processing pathways available to the older cells. Transcript levels related to the deposition of new extracellular matrix proteins varied as a function of the structure of the collagen matrix presented to the cells. A four-fold increase in transcript level of Col-1 and a higher level of collagen matrix incorporation were observed for cells grown on denatured collagen versus cells grown on non-denatured collagen. The data suggest that biomaterial matrices incorporating denatured collagen may promote more active remodeling toward new extracellular matrices in comparison to cells grown on non-denatured collagen. A similar effect of cellular action toward denatured (wound-related) collagen in the remodeling of tissues in vivo may have significant impact on tissue regeneration as well as the progression of collagen-related diseases.
Parametrization of the ion–polar molecule collision rate constant by trajectory calculations

A recently reported calculation by chesnavich, Su and Bowers on classical trajectory study of thermal energy ion‐polar molecule capture collisions is further extended. (AIP)
Radiation-Temperature Reference Level in Waveguide Probe Measurement of Electron Plasma Temperature

It is shown that the waveguide probe determinations of electron temperature of shock-heated plasma reported in the literature contain two errors. The major one is due to the use of an incorrect reference level for the plasma radiation temperature; the other is due to the use of an incorrect equation for relating the raw data to the electron plasma temperature. The effects of these errors are examined.
A novel example of the reductive cyclization of a diyne at a Re-Re triple bond : The reaction of Re2Cl4(μ-dppm)2 with 1,7-octadiyne

The triply bonded dirhenium(II) complex Re2Cl4(μ-dppm)2 (1; dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) reacts with 1,7-octadiyne to produce the novel dirhenium(III) complex Re2Cl3(μ,η2-C8H7)(μ-dppm)2 (2). The dirhenium complex 1 serves both as a reagent for the 2-electron reductive cyclization of the diyne and as the template to stabilize the resulting [C8H7Re2] bridging unit, which is of a type not previously encountered in multiple bond dimetal chemistry.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among adults with severe and profound Mental retardation

The present study investigated the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a sample of 86 adults with severe to profound mental retardation. Participants were evaluated by supervisory staff using the diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and Conners' (1990) Hyperactivity Index. Using the most conservative measure, 15% of the sample met the diagnostic criteria. This measure was not influenced by the subjects' chronological age, adaptive age, IQ, or gender. Implications of this finding for continued research and practice were discussed.
Differential Interactions of the CREB/ATF Family of Transcription Factors with p300 and Adenovirus E1A

The adenovirus E1A-associated protein p300 is a transcriptional cofactor that interacts with YY1 and mediates the relief of YY1 transcriptional repression by E1A. These observations raise the possibility that p300 may function as a bridging factor between E1A and cellular transcription factors. Here we show that p300, but not a mutant defective for binding to E1A, activated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) binding site-mediated transcription in the presence of E1A. Among proteins that can recognize the CREB/ATF site, CREB appeared to be modulated by E1A in a p300 binding-dependent manner. This effect of E1A was correlated with a specific physical interaction between CREB and p300. These results suggest that p300 plays a crucial role in mediating the functional interplay between E1A and certain members of the CREB/ATF family. Two separate domains within p300 were identified that are capable of activating transcription. One of the domains interacted with the basal factor TFIIB, suggesting that p300 may function as a coactivator by making contacts with both sequence-specific transcription factors and the basal transcriptional machinery. This pivotal role of p300 may make it a prime target for viral proteins such as E1A in programming the cellular transcription machinery.
Generalized delaunay triangulation for planar graphs

We introduce the notion of generalized Delaunay triangulation of a planar straight-line graphG=(V, E) in the Euclidean plane and present some characterizations of the triangulation. It is shown that the generalized Delaunay triangulation has the property that the minimum angle of the triangles in the triangulation is maximum among all possible triangulations of the graph. A general algorithm that runs inO(|V|2) time for computing the generalized Delaunay triangulation is presented. When the underlying graph is a simple polygon, a divide-and-conquer algorithm based on the polygon cutting theorem of Chazelle is given that runs inO(|V| log |V|) time.
Effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on bean hypocotyl hook opening and their implications regarding phytochrome action.

Inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis (cycloheximide, puromycin, chloramphenicol, and actinomycin D), as well as Co++, induce opening of the hypocotyl hook of bean seedlings during the early stage of the opening period both in the darkness and red light. The response is transitory, however, complete straightening of a hook can not be achieved in the presence of these agents. These agents abolish the response of hooks to red illumination. They also block the suppression of hook opening caused by IAA and ethylene. The response and sensitivity to GA are not affected by the inhibitors. Inhibitors of DNA synthesis (FUDR and mitomycin C) have no effect on hook opening. It appears that in this growth response RNA and protein synthesis are more immediately involved in ethylene action than they are in the cell elongation process or the action of GA thereon.
Magnetic resonance imaging of intraspinal epidermoid cyst: A case report

Intraspinal epidermoid cysts are considered rare lesions. We report such a case in a 12-year-old boy that was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the lesion and the importance of proper imaging sequences are discussed.
Genetic-algorithm-based optimization of a fuzzy logic resource manager for electronic attack

A fuzzy logic based expert system has been developed that automatically allocates electronic attack (EA) resources in real-time over many dissimilar platforms. The platforms can be very general, e.g., ships, planes, robots, land based facilities, etc. Potential foes the platforms deal with can also be general. This paper describes data mining activities related to development of the resource manager with a focus on genetic algorithm based optimization. A genetic algorithm requires the construction of a fitness function, a function that must be maximized to give optimal or near optimal results. The fitness functions are in general non- differentiable at many points and highly non-linear, neither property providing difficulty for a genetic algorithm. The fitness functions are constructed using insights from geometry, physics, engineering, and military doctrine. Examples are given as to how fitness functions are constructed including how the fitness function is averaged over a database of military scenarios. The use of a database of scenarios prevents the algorithm from having too narrow a range of behaviors, i.e., it creates a more robust solution.
Toolpath generation along directions of maximum kinematic performance; a first cut at machine-optimal paths

Abstract In earlier work, we introduced the concept of time-optimal toolpaths, modeled the behavior and constraints of machining, and formulated the optimization problem mathematically. The question was by what toolpath it would be possible to machine a surface in minimum time—while considering the kinematic performance of a machine, the speed limits of the motors and the surface finish requirements. The time-optimal problem is a difficult one, and does not generally yield a closed-form solution. Here we present a heuristics-based approach to the problem, which we refer to as the greedy approach. The performance envelope of the machine at a point on the surface is very anisotropic, and material can be removed much more rapidly in some directions than in other directions. The greedy approach seeks the directions of the best performance. We describe algorithms to first find such advantageous directions. We then show how they can be fitted by a continuous vector field. We also show how toolpaths with the proper side-steps can be generated from this field. We end with results showing the improvement of performance that can be derived from greedy toolpaths.
Role of calcium in the localization of maternal poly(A)+RNA and tubulin mRNA in Xenopus oocytes.

Poly(A)+RNA and tubulin mRNA are localized in the periphery of Xenopus oocytes and become delocalized during meiotic maturation. Delocalization of this RNA can be triggered by incubation in agents which reduce entry of calcium ions into the cell (e.g. lanthanum chloride and verapamil). Although these agents ordinarily promote meiotic maturation, addition of theophylline to the medium will inhibit maturation but not delocalization. Manipulations which prevent calcium entry without inducing meiotic maturation (e.g. calcium-free buffer) are also shown to trigger disruption of the RNA localization. In addition, manipulations which reduce chloride efflux from the cell (e.g. increasing the external chloride ion concentration with choline chloride) result in disruption of the localization of poly (A)+ RNA and tubulin mRNA without inducing meiotic maturation. The calcium-dependent chloride efflux present in Xenopus oocytes disappears after the oocyte has been stimulated to proceed through meiotic maturation. We show that reduction of the influx of calcium ions or efflux of chloride ions induces the delocalization of poly (A)+RNA and tubulin mRNA without inducing meiotic maturation. We suggest, therefore, that reducing the transmembrane movement of these ions is likely to be the natural trigger for the delocalization of poly(A)+RNA and tubulin mRNA.
Continuous ethanol production in a two-stage, immobilized/suspended-cell bioreactor.

Abstract A two-stage, continuous-flow bioreactor, containing both immobilized and suspended free yeast cells, was constructed and tested for its capacity to produce ethanol over an extended period of time from a feedstock containing sucrose. The reactor has now been in continuous operation for 2 years. The operational conditions required to maintain an ethanol production level of 98 (±3.3) g l−1 and total sugar consumption of 95.8% was an adequate feedstock (synthetic sugar-cane juice with 200 g l−1 sucrose, mineral salts, and 5 g l−1 yeast extract), a nutrient supplement of yeast extract, peptone, and mineral salts to the second reactor stage, continuous aeration to both stages at 10–30 ml min−1, and a liquid recycle ratio of 20:1 within each reactor stage. The controlled aeration was necessary to maintain an active and stable yeast population. The dilution rates studied varied from 0.1 to 0.25 h−1. The greatest ethanol productivity was achieved at the highest dilution rate tested (0.25 h−1, but the most complete conversion of sugar to ethanol occurred at the lowest dilution rate. The most effective nutrient supplement for supporting maximal ethanol production was obtained with a combined addition of yeast extract, peptone, and mineral salts. The effectiveness of the nutrient supplement could not be equalled by substituting vitamins, inositol, acetic acid, or trace minerals either alone or in combinations. High-test molasses (commercially concentrated, natural sugarcane juice) was a suitable feedstock only when it was fortified with ammonium salts. It was concluded from this study that the combination of the immobilized cells and high concentration of suspended free cells within the air-supplemented reactor stabilized the continuous ethanol fermentation for long-term performance, eliminated the necessity for cell conditioning and recycle, and effectively suppressed infection from extrinsic organisms.
From Anger to Jealousy: Explaining Domestic Homicide in Antebellum America

This essay argues that in the sensational 1859 trial of Daniel Sickles for the murder of his wife's lover, Philip Barton Key, jealousy appeared, for the first time, as a normative masculine emotion and as instinct—as, moreover, integral to marital love and as a legitimate explanation for domestic violence. Although Sickles' lawyers presented their client's jealous rage as thoroughly understandable—indeed, inevitable—their narrative represented a break with legal precedent, with case after case of domestic homicide in which jealousy was either absent or was present only to be condemned as a vicious passion. Instead, through the first few decades of the nineteenth century, anger, not jealousy, routinely appeared as the principal cause of troubled relations between husbands and wives. In articulating the legal pre-history of the Sickles trial this essay discloses that jealousy, purportedly innate within men, was absent: earlier cases reveal that in fact jealousy was not a shared property of men and hardly ever a motive of domestic homicide. Cases prior to Sickles are also bereft of romantic love and of apotheosized domestic life, twinned ideals that formed an integral part of the emergence of jealousy as inevitable and excusable in Daniel Sickles' trial.