cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on the Short-term prediction model of wind power generation based on GIS

Wind power is fluctuant, intermittent and stochastic. The large capacity wind power connected with the power grid will bing austere challenge to the safety and stabilization of power system operation. The Short-term prediction of wind power is an efficient approach. Wind power prediction contains physical, statistical and hybrid methods. Based on the historical meteorological data and analysis of the relationship between the wind power and meteorological elements such as wind speed, wind direction, humidity and temperature, the physical method can predict the wind power with a low precision. By analyzing the meteorological information and spatial data of GIS related to wind power, this article presents a method of improving the accuracy of wind power prediction, thus grasping the effect of meteorological information on the wind power from the perspective of the overall. This method provides a new solution for the coordinate scheduling of reactive voltage control, absorptive capacity of wind power improvement, energy conservation and loss reduction.
Low Expression of ROR1 on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Associated with Other Atypical Findings

Abstract 4588 ROR1 is a developmental embryonic surface antigen that also is expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, but not on most tissues or cells of healthy adults, including secondary lymphoid tissues or normal CD5 B cells. Studies involving relatively small numbers of patients have identified expression of ROR1 on the neoplastic cells of nearly all patients examined. However, it is not established whether there are cases of bona fide CLL that lack expression of this antigen or whether cases of putative CLL that lack expression of ROR1 actually represent a disease subset that has biologic and/or clinical features distinct from that of CLL that express ROR1. To further explore the significance of low levels of ROR1 on CLL, we analyzed 268 cases of CLL for surface expression of ROR1 via multiparameter flow cytometry using a fluorochrome-conjugated mAb specific for ROR1. The percentage of CLL cells with ROR1 for each case had a median of 94, mean of 81 and a standard deviation of 26. By visual inspection of the histograms, the distribution of ROR1 expression for each case approximated that of a Gaussian distribution. For 14 of these cases (5.2%), less than 20% of their neoplastic B cells expressed ROR1. Three of these 14 cases (21%) had features of “typical” CLL by immunophenotype. These cases did not have cytogenetic abnormalities as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), were negative for ZAP-70, and expressed mutated IGHV genes (Table 1). The 11 other cases had some features in common with that of typical CLL including small, mature, lymphocyte morphology, a persistent absolute lymphocyte count of greater than 5K/ul, expression of CD5, and lack of translocations characteristic of mantle cell lymphoma [e.g t(11;14)]. However, these 11 cases also showed variably atypical features. Three cases had dim or partial expression of CD23 (cases #1, 8, 11), one case lacked expression of CD23 (#4). Trisomy 12 was detected in three of the 14 cases (21%; 95% confidence interval 8–48%), not significantly different than the reported frequency of 14%. 13qdel as the sole cytogenetic/ FISH abnormality was present in another three of the 14 cases (21%; 95% confidence interval 8–48%), which is significantly lower than the reported frequency of 60% (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Horticultural, systems-engineering and economic evaluations of short-term plant storage techniques as a labor management tool for vegetable grafting nurseries

This transdisciplinary study has a three-fold systems approach in evaluating a horticultural technology: 1) horticultural evaluations, 2) economic and resource analyses, and 3) systems engineering analyses, using low temperature storage as an example technology. Vegetable grafting is a technique to produce value-added seedlings but requires labor intensive nursery operations. Low temperature storage of seedlings for a short period of time can reduce peak production, but has not been evaluated at the extent demonstrated in this paper. Seedlings of 22 genotypes of Cucurbitaceae (cucurbit family) and Solanaceae (nightshade family) were evaluated for storability under selected temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux. Storability of Cucurbitaceous seedlings varied between 2 to 4 weeks at 12°C and 13 μmol m-2 s-1. Solanaceous seedlings were generally storable for 4 weeks at 12°C and 13 μmol m-2 s-1, but tomato seedlings could be stored for 4 weeks at 10°C and 5 μmol m-2 s-1. Capital and weekly operational costs of a low temperature storage system with a design that meets environmental requirements were estimated as $671 to $708 per m2 footprint and $0.79 to $2.21 per m2 footprint per week, respectively. Electricity costs per plant was less than 0.1 cents for 2 to 4 weeks of storage. Using a schedule-optimization heuristic and a logistics simulator previously developed for grafting nursery operations, six production scenarios consisting of two crops (tomato or watermelon) and three production peak patterns were examined to evaluate the impact of including low temperature storage. While the overall average costs of grafting labor were not significantly different, maximum labor demand and grafting labor cost during the peak production week were reduced by 31% to 50% and 14% to 30% by using storage, respectively. Therefore, low temperature storage can be an effective means to address the issue of labor management in grafting nurseries.
Characterization of nanostructure ferrite material on gallium nitride on SiC substrate for millimeter wave integrated circuit

In this paper, for the first time, the characterization of spin-casted thick Barium nano-hexaferrite film on GaN-on-SiC substrate over a broad frequency range of 30-110 GHz is presented. Real and imaginary parts of both permittivity and permeability of the ferrite/polymer film are computed from transmittance data obtained by using a free space quasi-optical millimeter wave spectrometer. The spin-casted composite film shows strong resonance in the Q band, and mixing the powder with polymer slightly shifts the resonance frequency lower compared to pure powder. The high temperature compatibility of GaN substrate enables us to run burn-out tests at temperatures up to 900°C. Significant shortening phenomenon of resonance linewidth after heat treatment was found. Linewidth is reduced from 2.8 kOe to 1.7 kOe. Experiment results show that the aforementioned film is a good candidate in applications of non-reciprocal ferrite devices like isolators, phase shifters, and circulators.
Democracy and the War of Images: An Introduction

This introductory chapter outlines the early democratic discourse that appropriates the religious discourse of iconoclasm and opposes it to monarchy’s monopoly on images. Its focus is to demonstrate that modern democracy’s initial argument is not political but aesthetic. But while modern liberal democracy demands an absolute separation between art and politics, insisting instead on immediacy and transparency, it also fashions a new properly democratic image. The creation and deployment of this novel democratic image is the focus of this book.
The Impact of Digital Media on Executive Planning and Performance in Children, Adolescents, and Emerging Adults

We provide an overview of the impact of digital screen media (e.g., video games, mobile devices) on the executive functioning (EF) of children and adolescents from a clinical neuropsychological perspective. Our review emphasizes the EF domains of attention, working memory, inhibition, set shifting, fluency, planning, and problem solving among typically developing individuals and those with special needs. We conclude with specifications of the need for longitudinal research examining how screen media affects trajectories of EF development among all individuals.
Bio-Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys for Orthopaedic Applications

Three Mg alloys, Mg–1.34% Ca–3% Zn (MCZ), Mg–1.34% Ca–3% Zn–0.2% Sr (MCZS), and Mg–2% Sr (MS), were examined to understand their bio-corrosion behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization scans were performed after 6 days of immersion in cell culture medium, and ion release and changes in media pH were tracked over a 28 day time period. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of alloy microstructure was performed to help interpret the results of the electrochemical testing. Results indicate that corrosion resistance of the alloys is as follows: MCZ > MCZS > MS.
Pole/Zero Design of Agonist/Antagonist Actuation

Objective: This brief analyzes the open-loop dynamics of coupled (dedicated) and decoupled tendon tension control methods in an agonist/antagonist (AA) actuator pair, a fundamental control unit used in orthopedic testbeds known as joint motion simulators (JMSs). Methods: A linear mathematical model of an AA actuator pair is derived. Transfer functions from tendon tension control signal to tendon tension and joint position are derived. Sources of key dynamics are explained. Results: The system’s dynamic model shows that both the dedicated and decoupled approaches have a low-frequency pole pair, a low-frequency zero pair, and a mid-range zero pair. A frequency domain identification of the flexion/extension axis of an existing elbow JMS validates the locations of these dynamics. The interaction between tendon tension control and joint position is shown to be controllable in decoupled control, but not in dedicated control. The bandwidth reduction due to the low-frequency pole pair and low-frequency zero pair are shown to be controllable in decoupled control, but not in dedicated control. Conclusion: Decoupled control is superior to dedicated control for AA actuator pairs in JMS designs because it reduces actuator interaction and has a larger tension control bandwidth. Significance: This analysis describes the sources of the dynamics seen in the open-loop frequency response of both methods and shows the superiority of the decoupled method in tension control bandwidth and in lack of interactions with position control.
Differential Privacy in the Local Setting

Differential privacy has been increasingly accepted as the de facto standard for data privacy in the research community. While many algorithms have been developed for data publishing and analysis satisfying differential privacy, there have been few deployment of such techniques.
Development of Motorized Azimuthal Scanners for Ultrasonic NDE Of Composites

Composites are a material class for which nondestructive material property characterization is as important as flaw detection. Fiber reinforced composite laminates often possess strong in-plane elastic anisotropy attributable to the specific fiber orientation and layup sequence. Many of these elastic anisotropies may be investigated using ultrasound [1–6], among which angular measurements are often used. Hsu et al [3,4] used angular scan of acousto-ultrasonic signals to investigate fiber reinforced composite laminates. By placing and rotating two contact transducers on the same side of crossedplied composite laminates, the angular dependence of the acousto-ultrasonic signal was measured and found to have good correlation with the fiber orientation of the sample. Angular measurement of normal-incident shear wave has also been used to detect errors in layup sequence and ply orientation in both green (before cured) and cured composites [4–6]. The transmitted signals of normal incident shear wave in a “crossed polarizer” configuration were found to be particularly sensitive to ply misorientation and layup sequence in a laminate. For green composites, sandwiched between aluminum delay lines, EMATs (electro-meganetic transducer) were used so that the problem of changing coupling condition during the angular scan was avoided. This technique was believed to hold good potential as a practical NDE tool for detecting layup errors during the manufacturing process [5].
A Tactical Framework for Hardware Design

This work explores an algebraic approach to digital design. A collection of transformations has been implemented to derive circuits, but “hardware compilation” is not a primary goal. Paths to physical implementation are needed to explore the approach at practical levels of engineering. The potential benefits are more descriptive power and a unified foundation for design automation. However, these prospects mean little when the algebra is done manually. Hence, a basic, automated algebra is prerequisite to our experimentation with design methods.
Visualizing group dynamics based on multiparty meeting understanding

Group discussions are usually aimed at sharing opinions, reaching consensus and making good decisions based on group knowledge. During a discussion, participants might adjust their own opinions as well as tune their attitudes towards others’ opinions, based on the unfolding interactions. In this paper, we demonstrate a framework to visualize such dynamics; at each instant of a conversation, the participants’ opinions and potential influence on their counterparts is easily visualized. We use multi-party meeting opinion mining based on bipartite graphs to extract opinions and calculate mutual influential factors, using the Lunar Survival Task as a study case.
THE ENUMERATION OF PSYCHROPHILIC MICROORGANISMS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS1

The eleventh edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products sanctions optional use of incubation temperatures and times (5–7 C for 7–10 days) for determination of the psychrophilic bacterial count of dairy products. This study shows that this 2 degree difference in incubation temperature, the 3 day difference in incubation time and a combination of these factors could be responsible for a significant variation in psychrophilic bacterial counts. A total of 67 raw milk, 58 pasteurized milk, 19 ice cream and eight cottage cheese samples were plated at 5 and 7 C for 7 and 10 days. Significantly higher counts were obtained after 10 days than after 7 days incubation at both temperatures; however, greater increases in counts resulted from raising the temperature from 5 to 7 C. Highest counts were obtained at 7 C for 10 days. A total of 559 isolates were picked from plates of 12 milk samples that had been incubated at 5 and 7 C for 7 days and 7 C for 10 days. Classification of the isolates indi...
An Assessment of Fine Surgical KnotTying.

Objective Operating room simulation exercises have been well established as an effective means of improving confidence, task engagement, and learning retention among surgical residents. We have established a cost-effective model and scoring system assessing resident skills to tie secure surgical knots with minimal tension. Design A circular grid divided into 18 segments was placed underlying an aluminum can. Trainees tie 20 surgical square knots scored for time and total knot length. Movement of the can outside the grid served as a scoring penalty. Recorded were time, length of the 20 knots, and number of segments exposed at exercise end. A score was developed to identify a progression of skills with PGY level. All outcomes were compared between classes using ANOVA. Setting Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital Department of Surgery. Participants Surgical residents (PGY1-PGY5) and participating attending surgeons employed by Rhode Island Hospital. Results Knot length and exposed segments showed trends of improved scores with ascending PGY level. Only average time attained statistical significance. Overall scores improved with PGY level: PGY1 (N = 9) PGY2 (N = 3) PGY3 (N = 6) PGY4 (N = 3) PGY5 (N = 3) Attending (N = 4) Composite 100.5 116.4 152.7 138.1 169.9 162.8 Composite scores significantly improved when comparing PGY1 to PGY3, PGY5, and Attending surgeons (p = 0.016, 0.011, and 0.011, respectively). Time significantly improved when comparing PGY1 to PGY3 and Attending surgeons (77vs. 50 and 47 seconds, p = 0.019 and 0.022 respectively). Composite scores were not significantly different above PGY3. Conclusions A low fidelity, high impact knot tying model has been developed to assess the ability to securely tie surgical knots while minimizing tension, with linear increases in scores that appear to plateau at the PGY3 level.
The different expression of tumor suppressors, RASSF1A, RUNX3, and GSTP1, in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) vs non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Abstract As the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes up to one million deaths annually. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming the two major risk factors because both may develop liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if left untreated. However, compared with 3–10% of patients with ASH may progress to HCC annually, about only 0.5% NASH patients may progress to HCC annually. The present study is to clarify the protein expression differences of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) between ASH and NASH. In liver biopsied specimens from NASH and ASH patients, using an immunofluorescence method and morphometrically quantitating the fluorescence intensity, we studied the protein expression within hepatocytes cytoplasm of candidate TSGs including RUNX3, GSTP1, and RASSF1A. Compared with the control group of patients, the expression levels of all three proteins were upregulated in the ASH group of patients (p
Infrared and THz at the National Synchrotron Light Source II

The first NSLS-II beamline for infrared and THz spectroscopy recently began operations. The design incorporates features for reaching from the near-UV (~40,000 cm-1) to millimeter waves (~2 cm-1). The high brilliance synchrotron source will be used for a variety of spectroscopic techniques including microspectroscopy, magnetospectroscopy, ellipsometry and materials under extreme pressures and temperatures. Interestingly, the intrinsically short electron bunches (~15 ps rms) results in stable coherent radiation to be observed down to 5 GHz during normal operations.
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a patient with metastatic gastro-oesophageal junction cancer receiving treatment with pembrolizumab.

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) immune-related adverse events (irAE) are commonly reported by patients with cancer undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI); however chronic irAEs are rare. We present a case of a 71-year-old woman with metastatic gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinoma who developed delayed-onset chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) while receiving second-line pembrolizumab. Repeated CT scans of the abdomen/pelvis found no small bowel obstruction, and evaluations for bowel inflammation, infection and paraneoplastic syndrome were negative. Bowel rest and glucocorticoids were associated with transient symptom resolution; however, symptoms recurred within 1 month. The patient was ultimately supported with total parenteral nutrition and intestinal motility agents. After 4 months, the GOJ cancer remained stable with no signs of progression. As CPI use expands, the incidence of rare irAEs, such as CIPO, may increase.
Comparison of Daily Online Ultrasound and MV-CBCT Localization Data for Post Prostatectomy Cancer Patients and Implications for PTV Margin Expansion

The objective of this work was to compare US and MV-CBCT localization data and to assess whether treatment margins could be safely reduced in the absence of daily localization, based on the systematic (Σ) and random (σ) interfractional variations observed with US and MV-CBCT. Daily volumetric US and CBCT images were acquired for 18 and 19 consecutive IMRT patients, respectively, totaling 565 and 615 couch-shifts. To account for variations in the patients’ anatomy and position, couch-shifts were applied in the LR, AP, and SI directions. Shift data, Σ and σ errors in 3 directions were compared. CTV-to-PTV margins were derived using the formula, 2Σ+0.7σ Shifts from US vs. CB (in mm) were: LR, -0.4±5.21 vs. -0.54±3.38; AP, -0.28±6.62 vs. -0.50±5.24; SI,-0.38±5.88 vs. -0.67±3.0. The mean 3D shift distance was smaller using CB (5.82±3.87 mm vs. 8.29±6.09 mm) (p-value < 0.05.Σ and σ values of 4.19 mm and 5.03 mm were calculated from the US data, yielding a margin of 11.89 mm Σ and σ values of 4.09 mm and 3.25 mm were calculated from the CB data, yielding a margin of 10.46 mm. Results show that a 1.0- 1.2 cm CTV-to-PTV expansion margin can be used, compared to a generic margin of 1.5-2.0 cm. Data suggest that interfractional variations do not affect target coverage if a margin of 1.0-1.2 cm is used, even in the absence of daily localization. The margin can be further reduced if daily localization is used, removing the random component of the position uncertainty, and reducing the systematic component to account only for the localization system and delineation uncertainties.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms through adolescence as predictors of cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex: An examination of sex differences.

Abstract Previous research has found associations between orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) structure and symptoms of major depression, though specific aspects of this complex relationship remain unclear. The current study examined sex differences in the influence of individual trajectories of depressive symptoms on cortical thickness (CT) in the OFC during late adolescence. Fifty-four participants enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study completed assessments of depression symptoms at baseline (Mage = 12.09; SD = 1.06) and at 6-month intervals through adolescence, followed by an MRI assessment (Mage = 17.34; SD = 0.98). Estimates of CT in the OFC were obtained using FreeSurfer. Multilevel modeling (MLM) analyses estimated individuals’ symptom trajectories, and identified significant variability in trajectories of depressive symptoms. Trajectory estimates were extracted and included as predictors of CT in multiple regression analyses. Results did not reveal any significant main effect associations between trajectories of depression and CT in the OFC. However, sex moderated the associations between slope of depression and CT in the left OFC; the slope of depressive symptoms demonstrated significant, but opposite, associations with CT in the OFC across sexes, such that greater increases in symptoms across time were associated with reduced CT in males, but increased CT in females.
Rimegepant Orally Disintegrating Tablet for Acute Migraine Treatment: A Review.

ObjectiveTo review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of rimegepant for treatment of migraine.Data SourcesA comprehensive PubMed and Cochrane search (1985 to...
Breaking the Inversion Symmetry via Hot-Electron Transport

We demonstrate the ultrafast conversion of statically passive dielectrics (e.g., amorphous TiO 2 ) to transient second-order nonlinear media upon the sub-picosecond transfer of hot electrons, enabling active control of second-order optical processes.
THE BENEFITS OF TEACHING #METOO IN THE CONTEXT OF WOMEN’S LIBERATION HISTORY

This essay acknowledges the importance of examining the #metoo movement in global, cross-cultural, international contexts as scholars. Yet it also argues for teaching the social media (SM) movement in a grounded historical context as growing out of other moments of women’s liberation movement history in which women came together to tell their story, sharing their personal experiences that led to political action, particularly when teaching the hashtag movement in introductory women and gender studies courses. The author shares her efforts to do so online at a south-eastern technical university in the United States in the Spring of 2019. Not as part of evaluations but as part of a teaching unit within the course, she asked her nearly 50 students, both male and female, to compare and contrast the SM movement to consciousness-raising groups in which women had met face-to-face to share their experiences in an earlier time in movement history. All 300 student posts and reflections posted in the week under examination were scrutinized by the instructor, and their thoughts and conclusions analyzed. In this article, a sample of four is explored.
Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function in patients with primary aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with an increased risk for dysglycemia. However, the effects of hyperaldosteronism on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function are unclear. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients from two cohorts: subjects with PA (n = 21) and essential hypertension control (EHC) subjects (n = 22). Age, sex, BMI, and mean arterial pressure adjusted measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were compared between the groups. PA individuals were less insulin sensitive compared to EHC subjects (Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI]: 0.340 ± 0.006 vs. 0.374 ± 0.013, p < 0.001; Matsuda index: 4.14 ± 0.49 vs. 7.87 ± 1.42, p < 0.001; SI: 11.45 ± 4.85 vs. 21.23 ± 6.11 dL/kg/min per μU/mL, p = 0.02). The hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) was higher in PA subjects (PA: 5.61 ± 1.01 vs. EHC: 4.13 ± 0.61, p = 0.002). The insulinogenic index (IGI), an index of β-cell function was higher in the PA cohort (PA: 1.49 ± 0.27 vs. 1.11 ± 0.21 μU/mL/mg/dL, p = 0.03). However, the oral disposition index (DI) was similar between the groups (PA: 4.77 ± 0.73 vs. EHC: 5.46 ± 0.85, p = 0.42), which likely accounts for the similar glucose tolerance between the two cohorts, despite lower sensitivity. In summary, insulin sensitivity is significantly lower in PA with an appropriately compensated β-cell function. These results suggest that excess aldosterone and/or other steroids in the context of PA may negatively affect insulin action without adversely impacting β-cell function.
Comparison of prevalence and exposure-disease associations using self-report and hospitalization data among enrollees of the world trade center health registry.

Background Although many studies have investigated agreement between survey and hospitalization data for disease prevalence, it is unknown whether exposure-chronic disease associations vary based on data collection method. We investigated agreement between self-report and administrative data for the following: 1) disease prevalence, and 2) the accuracy of self-reported hospitalization in the last 12 months, and 3) the association of seven chronic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, heart attack, stroke, asthma, diabetes, hyperlipidemia) with four measures of 9/11 exposure. Methods Enrollees of the World Trade Center Health Registry who resided in New York State were included (N = 18,206). Hospitalization data for chronic diseases were obtained from the New York State Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). Prevalence for each disease and concordance measures (kappa, sensitivity, specificity, positive agreement, and negative agreement) were calculated. In addition, the associations of the seven chronic diseases with the four measures of exposure were evaluated using logistic regression. Results Self-report disease prevalence ranged from moderately high (40.5% for hyperlipidemia) to low (3.8% for heart attack). Self-report prevalence was at least twice that obtained from administrative data for all seven chronic diseases. Kappa ranged from 0.35 (stroke) to 0.04 (rheumatoid arthritis). Self-reported hospitalizations within the last 12 months showed little overlap with actual hospitalization data. Agreement for exposure-disease associations was good over the twenty-eight exposure-disease pairs studied. Conclusions Agreement was good for exposure-disease associations, modest for disease prevalence, and poor for self-reported hospitalizations. Neither self-report nor administrative data can be treated as the "gold standard." Which source to use depends on the availability and context of data, and the disease under study.
A performance comparison between the Earth Simulator and other terascale systems on a characteristic ASCI workload: Research Articles

This work gives a detailed analysis of the relative performance of the recently installed Earth Simulator and the next top four systems in the Top500 list using predictive performance models. The Earth Simulator uses vector processing nodes interconnected using a single-stage, cross-bar network, whereas the next top four systems are built using commodity based superscalar microprocessors and interconnection networks. The performance that can be achieved results from an interplay of system characteristics, application requirements and scalability behavior. Detailed performance models are used here to predict the performance of two codes representative of the ASCI workload, namely SAGE and Sweep3D. The performance models encapsulate fully the behavior of these codes and have been previously validated on many large-scale systems. One result of this analysis is to size systems, built from the same nodes and networks as those in the top five, that will have the same performance as the Earth Simulator. In particular, the largest ASCI machine, ASCI Q, is expected to achieve a similar performance to the Earth Simulator on the representative workload. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A.
Higher Education and Social Policy: The Case of the United States

The institutional character of U.S. universities and colleges has been based, traditionally, on the social policies of public mission and academic freedom. In a liberal democracy, this distinguishes the university from private for-profit economic institutions. However, universities have sought to maintain independence from industry, while simultaneously interacting with it. Since the 1980s, this negotiation has been affected by the growth of privatization policies that have encouraged universities to expand their relationships in the private economic sphere through increased market activities. This chapter explores the negative consequences of such privatization policy on the university’s independence and its public mission. This study addresses, as well, how these developments alter traditional values of faculty academic freedom and the communal culture of the university.
Some Historical Relationships between Science and Technology with Implications for Behavior Analysis

The relationship between science and technology is examined in terms of some implications for behavior analysis. Problems result when this relationship is seen as one in which science generally begets technology in a one-way, or hierarchical, relationship. These problems are not found when the relationship between science and technology is seen as two-way, or symmetrical, within a larger context of relationships. Some historical examples are presented. Collectively, these and other examples in the references weaken the case for a prevailing one-way, hierarchical relationship and strengthen the case for a two-way, symmetrical relationship. In addition to being more accurate historically, the symmetrical relationship is also more consistent with the principles of behavior analysis.
Faculty Hiring in Social Work: Dilemmas for Educators or Job Candidates?

Abstract The paper reports the results of a national survey completed in 1986 which identified factors affecting recruitment and hiring decisions in graduate and undergraduate schools of social work. A total of 387 responses were received. Implications for job candidates and faculty are discussed.
Volatile Compounds in Fresh-Cut Pineapple Heated at Different Temperatures

The volatile compounds of raw and fresh-cut pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) heated at 150, 175, 200 and 225C were determined and compared. The major volatiles in raw pineapple were ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-(methylthio)-propionate, methyl hexanoate, methyl 3-(methylthio)-propionate, 2-methyl methylbutyrate and 2-methyl ethylbutyrate. They decreased dramatically in heated pineapples. Furfural and dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone were the two thermo-generating volatiles after the fresh-cut pineapple was heated at 150C. Furfural replaced ethyl acetate as the dominant volatile in the pineapple after heated at 200C. 2-methyl butanal, 3-methyl butanal and 3-(methylthio)-propanal were found in the pineapple heated at 175C, while 5-methyl furfural, 2-furanmethanol and 2-methyl-2-butenedioic acid were induced at 200C. Also, 5-methyl furfural increased to the second major volatile following furfural in the pineapple heated at 225C. The reducing sugars and ascorbic acid in pineapple may contribute to the generation of the furan derivatives at high temperature. Practical Applications The results of this study provide valuable information for understanding the aroma change and its associated volatile compounds of pineapple at different baking temperatures. It would be helpful in developing and processing various baked foods with varying pineapple aromas.
Spectrophotometry of Algol-Type Binaries

High precision spectrophotometric observations of the Algol-type eclipsing binaries S Cnc and TT Hya are presented. A brief discussion of observational techniques and analysis procedures is included. The spectral energy distributions of both components of each system are determined with a refined scan-subtraction process, which uses the result of light-curve synthesis. The stellar components of S Cnc and TT Hya are found to be quite similar; however, in the case of TT Hya there are complications brought on by substantial mass-transfer activity. An ultraviolet excess in the spectrum of TT Hya is demonstrated, which is compared to those found in similar systems.
The effect of atenolol on NT-proBNP and troponin in asymptomatic cats with severe left ventricular hypertrophy because of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study.

Background: Atenolol often is used empirically in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) before the onset of heart failure, although evidence of efficacy is lacking. Cardiac biomarkers play a critical role in the early detection of subclinical cardiac disease, in the prediction of long-term prognosis, and in monitoring the response to therapy in humans. Hypothesis: Circulating concentrations of the biomarkers N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) will decrease after chronic administration of atenolol PO to cats with severe HCM but no signs of heart failure. Animals: Six Maine Coon or Maine Coon cross cats with severe HCM. Methods: Cats were treated with atenolol (12.5 mg PO q12 h) for 30 days. No cat had left ventricular dynamic outflow tract obstruction caused by systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. The concentrations of NT-proBNP and cTnI were assayed before and on the last day of drug administration. Results: There was no statistically significant change in NT-proBNP (median before, 394 pmol/L; range, 71–1,500 pmol/L; median after, 439 pmol/L; range, 24–1,500 pmol/L; P = .63) or in cTnI (median before, 0.24 ng/mL; range, 0.10–0.97 ng/mL; median after, 0.28 ng/mL; range, 0.09–1.0 ng/mL; P = .69) after administration of atenolol. Conclusions: Atenolol administration did not decrease NT-proBNP or cTnI concentrations in cats with severe left ventricular hypertrophy caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These results suggest that atenolol did not decrease myocardial ischemia and myocyte death in these cats. A larger clinical trial is warranted to verify these findings.
Social Networking and Land Use Planning Regulation: Practical Benefits, Pitfalls and Ethical Considerations

This article explores how social networking sites have been used or might be used in the land use context. Part I focuses on the use of social networking for land use planning and zoning. It includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of social networking sites to present public information and to gather public input and invite general participation in the process, as well as to provide notice to the public of forthcoming government decision-making. This section offers concrete examples of how this technology is currently being used in the land use context. Part II focuses on the professional ethical considerations of the various players in the land use game as it specifically relates to the use of social networking sites. For lawyers, the applicable Rules of Professional Conduct are examined and for Planners, the Code of Ethics of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) is explored for guidance. The article concludes with a warning that that although there are benefits to the use of social networking tools for land use planning and zoning initiatives, attorneys, government agencies, planners and others should use caution when employing these tools, being certain to weigh ethics and professionalism implications, social justice goals and public participation mandates and aspirations against the advantages of these tools, and the uncertainty of how courts might apply myriad legal mandates in cyberspace.
Assignment of the human hippocampal inward rectifier potassium channel (HIR) gene to 22q13.1.

The HIR gene encodes a small-conductance inward rectifier potassium channel (HIR or K{sub IR}2.3) that is found in heart and brain. Inward rectifiers are a specialized class of potassium channels that produce large inward currents at potentials negative to the potassium equilibrium potential and only small outward currents at more positive potentials. This asymmetry in K{sup +} conductance plays a key role in the excitability of muscle cells and neurons. Inward rectifier potassium channels are the major contributors to the basal potassium conductance in cardiac muscle, where their role is to modulate cell excitability and heart beat frequency, maintain the resting potential, and terminate the long-duration cardiac action potentials. In the central nervous system, inward rectifiers are involved in similar aspects of the modulation of cell excitability. The central role of inward rectifiers in cardiac and neuronal function suggest that they might be involved in the etiology of human cardiovascular and neurological diseases. 11 refs., 2 figs.
Freeze-fracture analysis of structural reorganization during meiotic maturation in oocytes of Xenopus laevis

During meiotic maturation, the cortex of oocytes of Xenopus laevis undergoes structural reorganization, visualized in this study by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In the full-grown but immature oocyte, annulate lamellae are dispersed throughout the subcortex of the egg, 5 to 20 μm from the plasma membrane. The annulate lamellae consist of well-organized stacks of membrane with visible pores. Stimulation of meiotic maturation by progesterone leads to disruption of the annulate lamellae and formation of an elaborate cortical endoplasmic reticulum which surrounds the cortical granules and intertwines throughout the cortex of the mature egg. Pore-like structures similar to those previously observed in the subcortical annulate lamellae are observed in the mature cortical endoplasmic reticulum. The cortical endoplasmic reticulum is often in close apposition with the plasma membrane and with membranes of cortical granules, but no junctions are visualized. This study provides further evidence that the cortical endoplasmic reticulum develops during progesterone-stimulated meiotic maturation in vitro, and that the annulate lamellae are precursors to the cortical endoplasmic reticulum.
Blurring boundaries: Correlates of integration and segmentation between work and nonwork

Abstract This study investigates the interrelations among role integration–segmentation, role identification, reactions to interruptions, and work–life conflict. Results from a field survey of university staff employees suggest that as highly identified roles are integrated into other domains, high role integration is related to less negative reactions to interruptions, and employees who integrate work into nonwork set fewer boundaries for using communication technologies during nonwork time and report higher work–life conflict. Findings from this research provide insight into how individuals integrate their work and life domains and the consequences of such integration to work–life conflict.
The Influence of Advertising Logo Characteristics on Audience Perceptions of a Nonprofit Theatrical Organization

Abstract The investment in a logo is generally justified because of its ability to visually articulate an organization's identity. This exploratory research investigates the relationship between consumers' perceptions of a logo, the organization it represents and the organization's performance by focusing on a nonprofit performing arts group. Path analysis results indicate significant relationships between the perceived image of the logo and organizational perceptions, and between organizational perceptions and audience perceptions of performances presented by an organization. Analyses also reveal significant relationships between logo attractiveness and recognizability and audience perceptions of a theatrical group's performances. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Neuropsychological Contributions to the Early Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease

A wealth of evidence demonstrates that a prodromal period of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exists for some years prior to the appearance of significant cognitive and functional declines required for the clinical diagnosis. This prodromal period of decline is characterized by a number of different neuropsychological and brain changes, and reliable identification of individuals prior to the development of significant clinical symptoms remains a top priority of research. In this review we provide an overview of those neuropsychological changes. In particular, we examine specific domains of cognition that appear to be negatively affected during the prodromal period of AD, and we review newer analytic strategies designed to examine cognitive asymmetries or discrepancies between higher-order cognitive functions versus fundamental skills. Finally, we provide a critical examination of the clinical concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment and offer suggestions for an increased focus on the impact of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk during the prodromal period of AD.
Darwin: The theory years

The period from January of 1837 to December of 1846 -the period covered by these two volumes of the Darwin correspondence -encompasses by all measures the most creative era of Darwin's scientific life. Freshly returned from five years aboard the HMS Beagle, in December of 1836 Darwin moved to Cambridge to sort the materials collected during the five years away from England. From all available evidence -and this is now considerable -he was at that time still some months away from the conceptual developments which would move him in the direction of a novel version of transformism. 1 A decade later, Darwin was comfortably ensconced as the master of Down House, married, with a growing family, with his mature natural selection theory polished off in a preliminary form, an accomplished geologist, and just on the edge of turning a minor paper on an aberrant parasitic barnacle into an eight-year inquiry which would establish him as a foremost invertebrate zoologist. The main outlines of Darwin's development in this period have been so often told that they almost cease to provoke interest. These two volumes of the correspondence, presenting 532 (76% of total) previously unpublished letters, fill in many details, and flesh out Darwin-as-person with intimate details of his personal and family life in this creative decade. Along with the issuing of the re-edited early notebook covering essentially the same period, the Darwin industry has produced as rich a documentary history as exists on any major scientific figure during their primary theoretical years. The scholarship that has gone into these volumes leaves little to be desired -indeed it is standard-setting. Useful appendices translate the foreign language letters, details are found on every individual mentioned, the relevant portions of the pocket Journal for the years covered are presented, the early autobiographical sketch of 1838, the "Old and
Influence of Dietary Fiber and Energy Levels on Reproductive Performance of Turkey Pullets

Abstract ONE of the first to conduct extensive studies of energy utilization with chickens was Fraps (1946) who showed that available energy was related to the fiber content of feedstuffs. Heuser et al. (1945) and Bird and Whitson (1946) reported that rations containing fibrous ingredients such as oats and wheat by-products were the least efficient for egg production. Scott, Matterson and Singsen (1947) showed that an efficient broiler ration, if properly supplemented, could be formulated with high levels of corn. The acceptance of high-efficiency starter diets stimulated the development of similar diets for adult stock. Quisenberry, Sherwood and German (1949) and Singsen, Matterson and Kozeff (1950) in comparing a conventional ration with a high corn ration found that the latter produced more eggs per unit of feed consumed. Bearse, Berg and Miller (1950) reported that the energy content of growing and laying rations had no effect on egg weight or hatchability… .
Electron loss from helium atoms by collisions with fully stripped ions

Electron-loss cross sections have been calculated for fully stripped ions with charge states +1 to +100 colliding with helium atoms in the energy range 100--1000 kev/amu. The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method was used along with a model of the helium atom with two active electrons. The reactions studied were single and double ionization, single- and double-electron capture, and electron capture plus ionization. Cross sections for the single-electron-removal reactions agree well with experimental data. Double-electron-removal cross sections are in qualitative agreement with experimental results. The n-level distributions following electron capture show that the electron-capture--plus--ionization and double--electron-capture processes are peaked at a lower n level relative to single-electron capture.
The synthesis of 1-hydroxy-3-phenylsulphonylpiperidine-2-thione derivatives utilizing methylthiothiocarbonylation as the key original step

Abstract Three 1-hydroxy-3-phenylsulphonylpiperidine-2-thione derivatives have been prepared from methylphenylsulphone in five steps. The key step was the preparation of a dithioester which was achieved in a very high yield using nBuLi, CS 2 , and MeI.
Infrared intensities of the external modes of crystalline nitrous oxide

Abstract The absorption intensities of two infrared active lattice modes of crystalline N 2 O have been measured. Both the frequencies and intensities of the external modes of N 2 O have been found to be very similar to those of CO 2 , and most of the differences between the spectra of CO 2 and N 2 O can be explained by the differences in the quadrupole moments.
Influence of rumen fluid source upon establishment and cultivation in vitro of the rumen protozoon Entodinium.

SYNOPSIS. Favorable conditions for establishing Entodinium cultures in vitro were provided by rendering the inoculum almost free of other genera of rumen ciliates, inoculating at a final concentration of 30,000 entodinia per ml, providing 0.2 mg rice starch per ml, but principally by including an appropriate rumen fluid in the media. Rumen fluids collected from animals with high concentrations of entodinia in vivo, in general, were superior in supporting entodinia in vitro than were those collected from animals having low concentrations of entodinia in vivo. Rumen fluids from lambs were improved by clarification (centrifuging at 25,000 ×g for 20 min), but clarification destroyed the ability of rumen fluids from pregnant ewes to support entodinia in vitro. One or more factors occurring in the supernatant portion of pooled, clarified lamb rumen fluid stimulated entodinia in vitro.