cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contradictions of Capitalist Industrialization in East Asia: A Critique of “Flying Geese” Theories of Development

AbstractAccording to most development economists, the economic “miracle” of the ASEAN-3, following the earlier experiences of Japan and the Asian NIEs, demonstrates the benefits of export-led growth. This conclusion is shared by neoliberals and structural-institutionalists, despite disagreements over the role of state intervention. Both views are represented in increasingly influential “flying geese” theories, which credit regional economic dynamics, in particular those shaped by Japanese foreign direct investment, for the regional advance. Our critique of this perspective starts by showing how the successive waves of Japanese foreign direct investment represented responses by Japanese capital to the class-based and competitive contradictions of Japan’s accumulation process. The recent expansion of NIE-based foreign direct investment in the ASEAN-3 is likewise a response to the contradictions of export-led growth, although in the NIEs’ case these contradictions were accentuated by economic dependency on J...
Sing that tune: Infants’ perception of melody and lyrics and the facilitation of phonetic recognition in songs

To better understand how infants process complex auditory input, this study investigated whether 11-month-old infants perceive the pitch (melodic) or the phonetic (lyric) components within songs as more salient, and whether melody facilitates phonetic recognition. Using a preferential looking paradigm, uni-dimensional and multi-dimensional songs were tested; either the pitch or syllable order of the stimuli varied. As a group, infants detected a change in pitch order in a 4-note sequence when the syllables were redundant (experiment 1), but did not detect the identical pitch change with variegated syllables (experiment 2). Infants were better able to detect a change in syllable order in a sung sequence (experiment 2) than the identical syllable change in a spoken sequence (experiment 1). These results suggest that by 11 months, infants cannot "ignore" phonetic information in the context of perceptually salient pitch variation. Moreover, the increased phonetic recognition in song contexts mirrors findings that demonstrate advantages of infant-directed speech. Findings are discussed in terms of how stimulus complexity interacts with the perception of sung speech in infancy.
The flexibility of configurable computing

There has been growing recent interest in configurable computing, which can be viewed as a hybrid between ASICs and programmable processors. Configurable computing machines are implemented with programmable logic: flexible hardware that can be structured to fit the natural organization and data flow of a computation. The enabling device for configurable computing is the field-programmable array (FPGA). For applications characterized by deeply pipelined, highly parallel, and integer arithmetic processing, configurable computing machines can outperform alternative solutions by up to an order of magnitude. The combination in a single device of dedicated hardware and rapid, submillisecond-scale reprogrammability constitutes an exciting and promising development whose implications are only just beginning to be exploited. We begin with a brief tutorial on FPGAs that describes the most common FPGA architectures and how these architectures are used to support computation, memory access, and data flow. We then present FPGAs as computing machines and focus on devices that are reconfigured during run time. Ongoing research involving FPGAs and future directions are also discussed.
A microsampling method for genotyping coral symbionts

Genotypic characterization of Symbiodinium symbionts in hard corals has routinely involved coring, or the removal of branches or a piece of the coral colony. These methods can potentially underestimate the complexity of the Symbiodinium community structure and may produce lesions. This study demonstrates that microscale sampling of individual coral polyps provided sufficient DNA for identifying zooxanthellae clades by RFLP analyses, and subclades through the use of PCR amplification of the ITS-2 region of rDNA and denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis. Using this technique it was possible to detect distinct ITS-2 types of Symbiodinium from two or three adjacent coral polyps. These methods can be used to intensely sample coral-symbiont population/communities while causing minimal damage. The effectiveness and fine scale capabilities of these methods were demonstrated by sampling and identifying phylotypes of Symbiodinium clades A, B, and C that co-reside within a single Montastraea faveolata colony.
A K+-selective conductance sensitive to cholinergic antagonists obtained by the fusion of axonal membrane vesicles to planar bilayers.

In several preparations, electric parameters of axon and (or) Schwann cell may be affected by cholinergic ligands [1 4]. It has also been demonstrated that axonal membranes contain binding sites for a variety of cholinergic ligands [5 7]. Visualization of these binding sites proved possible by the use of a conjugate of a-bungarotoxin and horseradish peroxidase [8,9]. An important question that arises is whether the cholinergic binding sites of axons are associated with specific receptor channels. Here we address this question in an in vitro membrane system readily accessible to electrical measurements: a hybrid membrane formed by the fusion of axonal vesicles to a planar phospholipid bilayer. Using conditions shown to enhance fusion of native or reconstituted membrane vesicles to planar bilayers [10-12], we demonstrate here tile incorporation of a K+-selective conductance from crustacean axonal membranes and the effect of cholinergic antagonists on this conductance.
Long-term lateral displacement of geosynthetic-reinforced soil segmental retaining walls

Abstract The service limit-state design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil (GRS) retaining walls requires accurate estimation of the lateral facing displacement at the end of construction as well as after years of creep. However, before a simplistic but rational methodology for this purpose can be developed, mechanisms governing the short-term and long-term lateral facing displacements must be clarified. In this study, extensive Finite Element analyses were carried out using a calibrated Finite Element procedure to investigate and attempt to better understand the lateral facing displacements of segmental GRS walls at the end of construction and after 10 years of creep under constant gravity loading. The study found that among the two main components of lateral facing displacement, the deformation of reinforced soil zone was largely governed by reinforcement spacing and reinforcement stiffness, while the influence of reinforcement length was negligible. Soil stiffness also played an important role in the lateral deformation if large reinforcement stiffness and/or small reinforcement spacing were used. In contrast, reinforcement length to a very large extent determined the lateral displacement at the back of reinforced soil zone. With constant reinforcement length, the reinforced soil zone could be treated as a deep beam. The displacement at the back of reinforced soil zone was then determined by the earth pressure, beam depth, and beam stiffness, the last of which is a function of soil stiffness, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement stiffness, and facing stiffness. The study found that isochrone stiffness can be used to interpret the lateral deformation of GRS walls under working stress condition.
A map of topography on the 410-km discontinuity from PP precursors

We derive a new map of global topography on the 410-km discontinuity from observations of precursors to PP obtained by stacking almost 25,000 long-period seismograms. The inferred ‘410’ topography exhibits average peak-to-peak amplitude of about 30 km, has a strong degree-one component, and is highly correlated with previous results obtained from SS precursors [Flanagan and Shearer, 1998]. Spatial variations in ‘410’ topography appear unrelated to ocean-continent differences, suggesting that continental roots are not a significant factor in observed global temperature variations at 410 km depth.
Using sentiment analysis to measure the effects of leaders in global software development

This study examines the effect of a leader's communication activities on global software development learning teams. Data collected from students' chat histories and forum discussions from two global software development projects were processed and compared. Several quantitative analysis methods were used to determine the differences between leader and leaderless teams. In addition, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) measures were used to investigate the linguistic features of distributed software teams. The results show that teams with leaders had more communication, performed better, and used different word categories than teams with no leaders. These findings are discussed and their implications for research are described in the paper.
Effects of local anesthetics on fixed-interval responding in rhesus monkeys.

Several local anesthetics of both the ester and amide type were administered IM to rhesus monkeys trained to respond on a fixed-interval 5 min schedule of food delivery. With the exception of procainamide, all local anesthetics produced dose-related decreases in response rates. Effects on pattern of responding varied between local anesthetics. With some (cocaine, dimethocaine and lidocaine), rate-dependent effects were apparent. When control rates were low, these compounds increased rates; when control rates were high, they decreased rates. However, with others (procaine, chloroprocaine, tetracaine and propoxycaine) no rate-dependent effects were noted; i.e., these compounds had little or no effect on the pattern of responding, even at doses that substantially reduced response rates. Consistent with other experiments with these compounds, cocaine was the most potent of the group. In several instances, local anesthetics which had similar stimulus properties in other behavioral paradigms differed in terms of their effects on fixed-interval behavior.
Air- and N2-broadening coefficients and pressure-shift coefficients in the 12C16O2 laser bands

In this paper we report the pressure broadening and the pressure-induced line shift coefficients for 46 individual rovibrational lines in both the (12)C(16)O2, 00(sup 0)1-(10(sup 0)0-02(sup 0)0)I, and 00(sup 0)1-(10(sup 0)0-02(sup 0)0)II, laser bands (laser band I centered at 960.959/cm and laser band II centered at 1063.735/cm) determined from spectra recorded with the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer. The results were obtained from analysis of 10 long-path laboratory absorption spectra recorded at room temperature using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique. Pressure effects caused by both air and nitrogen have been investigated. The air-broadening coefficients determined in this study agree well with the values in the 1996 HITRAN database; ratios and standard deviations of the ratios of the present air-broadening measurements to the 1996 HITRAN values for the two laser bands are: 1.005(15) for laser band I and 1.005(14) for laser band II. Broadening by nitrogen is 3 to 4% larger than that of air. The pressure-induced line shift coefficients are found to be transition dependent and different for the P- and R-branch lines with same J" value. No noticeable differences in the shift coefficients caused by air and nitrogen were found. The results obtained are compared with available values previously reported in the literature.
Solubilities of ethylene and other organic solutes in liquid, low‐density polyethylene in the region 124° to 300°C

Gas-liquid chromatography was used to measure the solubilities of ethylene, n-butane, vinyl acetate, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, and n-octane in three different samples of liquid, low-density polyethylene. Solubilities in the different samples are similar. A correlation is presented for estimation of solubilities of nonpolar solutes in liquid polyethylene.
Global distribution of forest soil dictyostelids

Summary AimThe goal of this project was to compile, organize, and present the known distributional data on the dictyostelid cellular slime moulds (CSMs) found in forest soils worldwide. The question of what factors influence CSM distribution patterns was also addressed. LocationCSMs have been recovered from soils of temperate deciduous forest, tropical deciduous and seasonal evergreen rainforest, boreal coniferous forest, and tundra by various investigators around the world. MethodsWithin each of these four biomes, various locations around the world have been sampled by a number of investigators. The current study attempts to synthesize the known dictyostelid distributional data and present specific patterns of distribution. ResultsWorldwide, sixty-five species of CSM were found to occupy various forest soils. These species’ distributions fell into one of four categories: cosmopolitan, disjunct, restricted, and pantropical. Main conclusionsGlobal CSM distribution patterns are influenced by a variety of factors other than the biota (including but not restricted to climate, latitude, altitude, soil pH, and soil-forming parent materials). The current study supports the thesis that organic inputs from specific plant associations and animal vectors have an important role as well.
Grid Computing: Enabling a Vision for Collaborative Research

In this paper we provide a motivation for Grid computing based on a vision to enable a collaborative research environment. Our vision goes beyond the connection of hardware resources. We argue that with an infrastructure such as the Grid, new modalities for collaborative research are enabled. We provide an overview showing why Grid research is difficult, and we present a number of management-related issues that must be addressed to make Grids a reality. We list projects that provide solutions to subsets of these issues.
The Effect of an Exogenous Fibrin Clot on the Regeneration of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex: An In Vivo Experimental Study in Dogs

The effect of an exogenous fibrin clot on the regeneration of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) was examined in a dog model. In 12 mature dogs, bilateral TFCC resection was performed. The resulting defect was packed with an exogenous fibrin clot (experimental) while the contralateral side was left empty (control). Tissue regeneration was evaluated grossly and histologically at 6, 12, and 26 weeks. At each time period, the regenerated tissue in the fibrin clot-filled defect appeared more mature and more congruent with the adjacent cartilaginous surfaces than did the control (empty) defect. At 26 weeks, the clot regenerated tissue had the histological appearance of a normal TFCC with a homogeneous fibrocartilaginous matrix, regularly oriented collagen fibers, and normal integration with the adjacent support structures of the joint. The results of this study indicate that an exogenous fibrin clot could be used to promote a fibrocartilaginous repair tissue for a resected TFCC. Such therapy could be used in the arthroscopic treatment of TFCC injury and resection in an effort to improve postoperative outcome.
Medvedev degrees of two-dimensional subshifts of finite type

In this paper we apply some fundamental concepts and results from recursion theory in order to obtain an apparently new example in symbolic dynamics. Two sets X and Y are said to be Medvedev equivalent if there exist partial computable functionals from X into Y and vice versa. The Medvedev degree of X is the equivalence class of X under Medvedev equivalence. There is an extensive recursion-theoretic literature on the lattices Es and Ew of Medvedev degrees and Muchnik degrees of nonempty effectively closed subsets of {0,1} N . We now prove that Es and Ew consist precisely of the Medvedev degrees and Muchnik degrees of 2-dimensional subshifts of finite type. We apply this result to obtain an infinite collection of 2-dimensional subshifts of finite type which are, in a certain sense, mutually incompatible.
Teaching American Government

Teachers of the introductory course in American Government and Politics have pondered the question of what to teach for many years. Today the problem is becoming more complex as increasing numbers of students enter college, in the words of the Times Mirror survey, "knowing less and caring less about politics than any other previous generation."' The new political ignorance and apathy, something most of us see in our classrooms every day, comes when the United States is losing its position as the globe's dominant economic power. Changing global economic conditions make it clear that this nation cannot afford to ignore changing political and economic realities. 2
Health advantage for black women: patterns in pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder.

BackgroundPre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is commonly studied in white women; consequently, it is unclear whether the prevalence of PMDD varies by race. Although a substantial proportion of black women report symptoms of PMDD, the Biocultural Model of Women's Health and research on other psychiatric disorders suggest that black women may be less likely than white women to experience PMDD in their lifetimes.MethodMultivariate multinomial logistic regression modeling was used with a sample of 2590 English-speaking, pre-menopausal American women (aged 18–40 years) who participated in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys in 2001–2003. The sample consisted of 1672 black women and 918 white women. The measure of PMDD yields a provisional diagnosis of PMDD consistent with DSM-IV criteria.ResultsBlack women were significantly less likely than white women to experience PMDD [odds ratio (OR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.79] and pre-menstrual symptoms (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47–0.88) in their lifetimes, independently of marital status, employment status, educational attainment, smoking status, body mass index, history of oral contraceptive use, current age, income, history of past-month mood disorder, and a measure of social desirability. The prevalence of PMDD was 2.9% among black women and 4.4% among white women.ConclusionsThis study showed for the first time that black women were less likely than white women to experience PMDD and pre-menstrual symptoms, independently of relevant biological, social-contextual and psychological risk factors. This suggests that PMDD may be an exception to the usual direction of racial disparities in health. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms that explain this health advantage.
Comparativist Imagology and the Phenomenon of Strangeness

In her article "Comparativist Imagology and the Phenomenon of Strangeness Malgorzata Świderska presents national, ethnic, and/or (inter)cultural strangeness in literary works concept of comparativist imagology and from the work of Jean-Marc Moura. Świderska imagology to Heimito von Doderer's "
Family Management Style and the Challenge of Moving From Conceptualization to Measurement

This article describes the process of translating the Family Management Style (FMS) Framework into a measure of FMS Survey. The conceptual underpinnings of the FMS Survey are briefly described as are the steps for translating the FMS major components and dimensions into a questionnaire to assess the family response to a childhood chronic illness. Content validity testing has been completed on the FMS Survey. Future plans include full-scale field testing of remaining psychometric properties.
The Impact Of Online Quizzing On Student Success In An Introductory Financial Accounting Class

We document the impact of transitioning to online quizzing in an introductory Financial Accounting course. Results show significantly increased course pass rates, significantly increased individual exam averages, and lower overall drop rates.
Greater seasonal carbon gain across a broad temperature range contributes to the invasive potential of Phalaris arundinacea (Poaceae; reed canary grass) over the native sedge Carex stricta (Cyperaceae)

 Premise of the study : Most invasive plants grow faster and produce more biomass than the species that they displace, but physiological mechanisms leading to invasive success are poorly understood. To foster novel control approaches, our goal was to determine whether the grass Phalaris arundinacea possessed superior physiological strategies that contributed to its success over native sedges.  Methods : Data for spring, summer, and autumn diel gas-exchange, leaf morphology, and nitrogen content for plants of P . arundinacea and Carex stricta in water-saturated, drained, and periodically fl ooded sites in northern Indiana, USA, were compared with similar data for plants in a greenhouse.  Key results : Phalaris arundinacea had higher maximum CO 2 assimilation ( A ) across a broad range of temperatures, greater summer/autumn net carbon gain, higher water use effi ciencies, larger leaf areas per shoot, and higher specifi c leaf areas than did C . stricta . Species differences in gas-exchange data were similar in the greenhouse. However, long-term fl ooding reduced A for P . arundinacea . Greater declines in leaf A and nitrogen content from July to October compared to P . arundinacea were suggestive of earlier leaf senescence for C . stricta .  Conclusions : We propose that superior daily and seasonal carbon gain, especially during rhizome carbohydrate storage in the summer and autumn, contribute to the success of invasive P . arundinacea over C . stricta . This advantage may be enhanced by frequent summer/autumn heat waves. The poor performance of P . arundinacea during long-term fl ooding is consistent with C . stricta ’ s dominance in water-saturated soil, implying that water management strategies could be crucial to controlling P . arundinacea .
Helminth parasites of the cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Veillot, 1817 in Colorado, with two new species

Ninety-seven cliff swallows, Petrocheilidon pyrrhonota , were examined from North-eastern Colorado. Five species of nematodes ( Hadjelia pyrrhonotae sp. n., Acuaria sp., Microtetrameres inermis, Splendidofilaria sp., Diplotriaena sp.); four species of trematodes ( Concinnum minor sp. n., Brachylecithum marinholutzi, Plagiorchis maculosus, Stomylotremagratiosus ); and two species of acanthocephala.( Mediorhynchusgrandis, Mediorhynchus papillosus (juveniles)) were recovered. All eleven species of helminths represent new host records. Six new records ( Hadjelia pyrrhonota, Microtetrameres inermis, Concinnum minor, Brachylecithum marinlwlutzi, Plagiorchis maculosus, Stomylotrema gratiosus ) were established for Colorado. Five new records ( Hadjelia pyrrhonota, Microtetrameres inermis, Concinnum minor, Brachylecithum marinlwlutzi were established for North America.
Loss of TRIM62 Expression Is an Independent Adverse Prognostic Factor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Background Tripartite motif (TRIM)-62 is a putative tumor suppressor gene whose role in leukemia is unknown. Materials and Methods We evaluated the effect of TRIM62 protein expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We used reverse-phase protein array methodology to determine TRIM62 levels in leukemia-enriched protein samples from 511 patients newly diagnosed with AML. Results TRIM62 levels in AML cells were significantly lower than in normal CD34-positive cells, suggesting that TRIM62 loss might be involved in leukemogenesis, but was not associated with specific karyotypic abnormalities or Nucleophosmin (NPM1), Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-3 (FLT3), or rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS) mutational status. Low TRIM62 levels were associated with shorter complete remission duration and significantly shorter event-free and overall survival rates, particularly among patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. In that AML subgroup, age and TRIM62 levels were the most powerful independent prognostic factors for survival. TRIM62 protein levels further refined the risk associated with NPM1 and FLT3 mutational status. TRIM62 loss was associated with altered expression of proteins involved in leukemia stem cell homeostasis (β-catenin and Notch), cell motility, and adhesion (integrin-β3, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate [RAC], and fibronectin), hypoxia (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [HIF1α], egl-9 family hypoxia-inducible factor 1 [Egln1], and glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa [GRP78]), and apoptosis (B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BclXL) and caspase 9). Conclusion Low TRIM62 levels, consistent with a tumor suppressor role, represent an independent adverse prognostic factor in AML.
Sleep quality in treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: The role of cognitive coping strategies and unit cohesion

Abstract Objective Sleep difficulties are common in individuals exposed to stress or trauma, and maladaptive cognitive coping strategies, such as worry and fear of losing vigilance, as well as low social support, may further impair sleep quality. This study examined the severity and correlates of sleep difficulties in a sample of treatment-seeking veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF–OIF). Method A total of 167 OEF–OIF veterans seeking behavioral or primary care services completed a questionnaire containing measures of sleep quality, combat exposure, psychopathology, fear of loss of vigilance, cognitive coping strategies, and unit and postdeployment social support within 1 year of returning from deployment. Results Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory scores in the full sample were indicative of severely impaired sleep. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with increased sleep difficulties, most notably sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and sleep quality. Hierarchical regression analysis in the full sample revealed that PTSD symptoms and scores on measures of worry and fear of loss of vigilance were positively associated with sleep difficulties and that scores on a measure of unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Among veterans with PTSD, fear of loss of vigilance was positively associated with sleep difficulties and cognitive distraction and unit member support were negatively associated with sleep difficulties. Conclusions Treatment-seeking OEF–OIF veterans report severe sleep difficulties, with more pronounced impairment in veterans with PTSD. The results of this study suggest that interventions to mitigate worry and fear of loss of vigilance and to enhance perceived unit member support may be helpful in reducing sleep difficulties following return from deployment in this population.
Effect of an Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Strategy on Progression of Atherosclerosis in the Left Main Coronary Artery From Patients in the Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial

Background The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial, designed to compare the effects of two lipid-lowering regimens and low-dose anticoagulation versus placebo on progression of atherosclerosis in saphenous vein grafts of patients who had had CABG surgery, demonstrated that aggressive lowering of LDL cholesterol levels to a mean yearly cholesterol level from 93 to 97 mg/dL compared with a moderate reduction to a level of 132 to 136 mg/dL decreased the progression of atherosclerosis in saphenous vein grafts. Low-dose anticoagulation did not affect progression. This secondary analysis tested the hypothesis that a similar decrease in progression of atherosclerosis would also be present in native coronary arteries as measured in the left main coronary artery (LMCA). Methods and Results A sample of 402 patients was randomly selected from 1102 patients who had baseline and follow-up views of the LMCA suitable for analysis. Patients treated with the aggressive lipid-lowering strategy had less progression of a...
Optimization of high-speed multistation SMT placement machines using evolutionary algorithms

Surface mount technology (SMT) is a robust methodology that has been widely used in the past decade to produce circuit boards. Analyses of the SMT assembly line have shown that the automated placement machine is often the bottleneck, regardless of the arrangement of these machines (parallel or sequential) in the assembly line. Improving and automating the placement machine is a key issue for increasing SMT production line throughput. This paper presents experimental results using genetic algorithms to optimize the feeder slot assignment problem for a high-speed parallel, multistation SMT placement machine. Four crossover operators, four selection methods, and two probability settings are used in our experiments. A penalty function is used to handle constraints. A comparison of genetic algorithms with several other optimization methods (human experts, vendor supplied software, expert systems, and local search) is presented, which supports the use of genetic algorithms for this problem.
Hybrid parallelization strategies for large-scale machine learning in SystemML

SystemML aims at declarative, large-scale machine learning (ML) on top of MapReduce, where high-level ML scripts with R-like syntax are compiled to programs of MR jobs. The declarative specification of ML algorithms enables---in contrast to existing large-scale machine learning libraries---automatic optimization. SystemML's primary focus is on data parallelism but many ML algorithms inherently exhibit opportunities for task parallelism as well. A major challenge is how to efficiently combine both types of parallelism for arbitrary ML scripts and workloads. In this paper, we present a systematic approach for combining task and data parallelism for large-scale machine learning on top of MapReduce. We employ a generic Parallel FOR construct (ParFOR) as known from high performance computing (HPC). Our core contributions are (1) complementary parallelization strategies for exploiting multi-core and cluster parallelism, as well as (2) a novel cost-based optimization framework for automatically creating optimal parallel execution plans. Experiments on a variety of use cases showed that this achieves both efficiency and scalability due to automatic adaptation to ad-hoc workloads and unknown data characteristics.
SOLVING SCHEDULING PROBLEMS BY APPLYING COST OPERATORS TO ASSIGNMENT MODELS

The authors apply their previously developed operator theory of parametric programming for the transportation problem to subtour elimination methods for solving scheduling problems. The specific examples of the travelling salesman and decision critical path problems are discussed and illustrated with numerical examples. Computational tests of these methods is planned.
Discussion: Analytics of Decision Making

[8] AND P. GRAY (ed.), Recent Developments in Information and Decision Processes, New York, Macmillan, 1962. [9] RAIFFA, H. AND R. SCHLAIFER, Applied Statistical Decision Theory, Graduate School of Business Administration, Boston, Harvard University, 1961. [10] SAVAGE, L. J., The Foundations of Statistics, New York, Wiley, 1954. [11] SMITH, V. L., Investment and Production, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1961. [12] TEDFORD, J. R., "Decision-Making Models-An Application to the Poultry Industry," Proceedings, Association of Southern Agricultural Workers, Atlanta, Ga., February 1964. [13] THRALL, R. M., C. H. COOMBS AND R. L. DAVIS, Decision Processes, New York, Wiley, 1954. [14] VON NEUMANN, J. AND 0. MORGENSTERN, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1953. [15] WALD, A., Statistical Decision Functions, New York, Wiley, 1950. MAX R. LANGHAM
The Loving Dickinson

To chart Emily Dickinson’s emotional life is to include all her notes, letters, and poems, not only those written to famous literary people, or to male recipients. The love the poet shared with others was not, strictly defined, a heterosexual, physical expression (or, in the case of her decades-long correspondence with Susan Gilbert Dickinson, a homosexual expression). The key to understanding Dickinson’s life—which prompted most of her emotional life—is through inclusion. Many, many of the notes and letters are written to Ned, Mattie, and the young Gib; others are written to the children’s friends. And most of Dickinson’s most intimate correspondence is with the two Norcross cousins, Lou and Fanny, who were enough younger than Dickinson that she thought of them, in some respects, as her children.
Distribution, Density, and Age Structure of Spotted Owls on Two Southern California Habitat Islands

We estimated the distribution and density of California Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) occurring on Mt. San Jacinto during 1988 and 1989 and on Palomar Mountain during 1988, southern California. Spotted Owls on Mt. San Jacinto were well distributed above 1,000 m in forested habitats. In contrast, owl distribution appeared to be affected by recent fires on Palomar Mountain. Densities on Mt. San Jacinto were estimated to be 0.16 owls/km2 in 1988 and 0.19 owls/km2 in 1989. The density estimate for Palomar Mountain was 0.64 owls/km2. The proportion of subadults in both of these isolated populations was over twice that reported for large contiguous populations of Spotted Owls which suggested a higher adult mortality in the insular populations. The fecundity of these insular populations was either lower than or similar to the Northern Spotted Owl (S. occidentalis caurina).
Influence of Temperature on Oviposition by the Parasites Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor

Mated females of the parasites, Spalangia endius Walker and Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, were exposed to house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae at 8 different constant temperatures for 12, 24 and 36-h time periods. While oviposition rates of both species increased with an increase in temperature and time of exposure, these species displayed different tolerances to temperature. Lower temperature levels generally favored oviposition by M. raptor, while S. endius oviposited most successfully at higher temperatures.
Abstract 1805: LSD1 regulation of SKP2 expression in prostate cancer.

Prostate carcinogenesis is a complicated process involving both genetic and epigenetic changes. Aberrant expression of LSD1 (Lysine-specific demethylase 1) has been reported in human prostate cancers. Although high expression of LSD1 is implicated in prostate tumorigenesis, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we reported that LSD1 promotes proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells via up-regulation of SKP2 expression. Knockdown of LSD1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreases SKP2 expression and inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration. Promoter luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments show that LSD1 regulates SKP2 expression by controlling the levels of H3K4 methylation in SKP2 promoter and this function of LSD1 is mediated through its demethylase activity. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, LSD1 and SKP2 proteins positively correlate with each other and their expression is associated with cell proliferation in human prostate cancer tissues. Our data not only identify SKP2 as a direct regulated target gene of LSD1 but also reveal that SKP2 plays an important role in contributing LSD1 mediated prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, suggesting that the LSD1-SKP2 axis can serve as therapeutic targets for treatment of prostate cancers. Citation Format: Liya Ding, Haojie Huang. LSD1 regulation of SKP2 expression in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1805. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1805
Do Internal Migrants Divide or Unite Across Ethnic Lines? Ethnographic and Experimental Evidence from Urban India

Despite rapid internal migration to cities across the developing world, little is known about identity formation within poor urban migrant communities. When will ethnic differences socially and politically divide poor migrants in the city? And when will ascriptive differences be obscured by shared class identities? I study these crucial questions through six months of ethnographic fieldwork and a large-scale vignette-experiment (N=3018) conducted among internal migrants in urban India. Intra-class ethnic divisions prove highly salient in interactions exclusively between poor migrants, but irrelevant in interactions that also include urban elites. I introduce a new mechanism to explain this variation: a solidarity effect produced by city elites who perceive and treat migrants of different ethnicities in shared class terms. Elite behavior stems from the concentration of poor migrants into ethnically heterogeneous, economically homogeneous urban worksites and settlements. Such concentration reverses the visibility advantage ethnicity enjoys over class in villages structured along ethnic lines.
Aims of Education

Redesign of education starts at policy level, as a part of the aims-of-education debate. “Aims of education” are understood as a set of idealistic, long-term objectives that are translated into more immediate objectives– which again are retranslated into specific goals, leading to course outlines, and lesson plans. One core aim of education should be to keep children safe, and such “protective” aim of education is especially important in contexts of adversity, where there may be breakdown in institutional means of ensuring the most basic protection of children. We argue that education should become a way to organize children’s experience, thereby adding meaning and ability to daily life, and strengthening resilience. The curriculum should thereby build intellectual freedom and growth – related to students’ more abstract learning; leading to the ability of critical thinking, evaluation, and synthesis. Practical skills are also necessary and relate to the basic needs for daily survival, including for example, health and hygiene, agriculture, and disaster risk reduction training. Learning should take place in a caring, resilience-enhancing environment, and provide the knowledge and skills relevant to the students’ survival and development, thus leading to community survival and development. Schooling, in such context, has a triple role: keeping children safe both at school and at home; enhancing resilience by teachers who are actively supporting the psychosocial wellbeing of learners; and providing experience-based learning in a mode of intellectual freedom.
Culture-Bound Syndromes, Cultural Variations, and Psychopathology

Publisher Summary Inaccuracies in the assessment and diagnosis of psychopathological conditions with culturally diverse groups might result from a lack of understanding of the presence of cultural variants leading to symptoms resembling psychopathology. These variables have generally been described in the case of culture-specific disorders known as "culture-bound syndromes." The glossary (Appendix I) of culture-bound syndromes included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) contains the description of 25 forms of aberrant behavior that are referred to as locality-specific troubling experiences that are limited to certain societies or cultural areas. The same cross-cultural literature, however, suggests that symptoms associated with a given mental disorder may be related to a particular cultural context but the disorder is not considered an example of "culture-bound syndromes" per se. In this case, clinicians are advised to consider specific cultural variants, which might explain symptoms suggesting the disorder under consideration. Although the DSM-IV did not explicitly emphasize this point, a review of the way the DSM-IV discusses cultural variants across several disorders suggests a distinction between culture-bound syndromes and the cultural variables contributing to symptoms in a given DSM-IV disorder.
Current Water for Food Situational Analysis in the Arab Region and Expected Changes Due to Dynamic Externalities

Uneven distribution of water, food, and energy (WEF) resources, together with demographic, geographic, political, and other natural constraints, burden WEF security plans in many regions of the world. Decision makers are under pressure to bridge the WEF supply-demand gap, and often propose reactive, rather than preventive, strategies that are associated with uncertainty, challenges of sustainability, and various socio-economic, environmental, cultural, and political drawbacks. Arab countries, like most regions of the world, face internal and external challenges to managing, sustaining, and securing these scarce, unevenly distributed natural resources. According to the World Bank (2007), current management plans for addressing the WEF security challenges faced by the Arab countries fail to take into account the complicated internal and external dynamics of the region. This chapter looks holistically at the region and provides a situational analysis of the major stresses on WEF securities by specific location; it describes how these are impacted by externalities such as climate change, population growth, and economic development. The chapter explores the uncertainties associated with predicting the future of these external stresses and identifies management risks associated with the lack of understanding of the soil-water and associated spatial variability. The chapter concludes with a vision for adaptive management approaches that address the external stresses on regional WEF security, and offer a vision for increased resilience of local communities. The paper concludes by discussing ways to expand the vision and adapt it to offer a more general, broader security by localizing water and food securities.
Longitudinal Examination of Frequency of and Risk Factors for Severe Dry Eye Symptoms in US Veterans.

Importance Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that affects millions of individuals. Many cross-sectional studies have evaluated risk factors for dry eye severity, but few have assessed risk factors or symptom progression over time. Objectives To assess symptom progression in dry eye syndrome and determine risk factors associated with severe symptoms at 1 year. Design, Setting, and Participants A longitudinal study was conducted from October 1, 2013, to April 30, 2015, among patients at the Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital with a wide variety of dry eye symptoms and signs (ranging from none to severe). Main Outcomes and Measures Change in dry eye symptom severity during 1 year, as assessed by responses to dry eye symptom questionnaires administered at the initial visit and 1 year later, as well as baseline risk factor analysis for severe dry eye symptoms at 1 year, defined as a Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 score of 12 or more. Results Of the 120 patients (mean [SD] age, 64 [11] years; 109 male and 11 female), 26 of 58 (44.8%) with either no symptoms or mild or moderate symptoms at baseline progressed to more severe symptoms at 1 year, while 46 of 62 patients (74.2%) with severe symptoms at baseline reported that severe symptoms persisted at 1 year. Baseline ocular risk factors for severe dry eye symptoms at 1 year included more severe dry eye symptoms, ocular pain, and neuropathic pain–like ocular symptoms. Nonocular risk factors included sleep disturbances (eg, sleep apnea and insomnia), mental health status (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression), nonocular pain, and medications (eg, anxiolytics and analgesics). In a multivariable analysis, the most significant risk factors were sleep apnea (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% CI, 1.00-14.49; P = .05), Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 score (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.30; P = .02), and posttraumatic stress disorder score (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance Patients with severe dry eye symptoms and ocular pain at baseline were more likely to have persistent severe dry eye symptoms on 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, nonocular risk factors that have been associated with dry eye cross-sectionally, such as psychiatric comorbidities and nonocular pain, were also associated with severe dry eye symptoms at 1 year. Although this cohort was limited to US veterans, which may not be generalizable to other populations, our results suggest that pain perception and severity are important when evaluating and managing dry eye.
Properties of the Kelly bets for pairs of binary wagers

Abstract Formulas for the optimal Kelly bets when there is a pair of binary wagers are given. We show the relation to the Kelly bets for single binary wagers and show how the Kelly bets achieve mean variance optimality as well.
Usnic Acid Benzylidene Analogues as Potent Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors for the Control of Breast Malignancies.

(+)-Usnic acid (1) is a common bioactive lichen-derived secondary metabolite with a characteristic dibenzofuran scaffold. It displayed low micromolar antiproliferative activity levels and, notably, induced autophagy in a panel of diverse breast cancer cell lines, suggesting the mechanistic (formerly “mammalian”) target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a potential macromolecular target. The cellular autophagic markers were significantly upregulated due to the inhibition of mTOR downstream effectors. Additionally, 1 showed an optimal binding pose at the mTOR kinase pocket aided by multiple interactions to critical amino acids. Rationally designed benzylidene analogues of 1 displayed excellent fitting into a targeted deep hydrophobic pocket at the core of the kinase cleft, through stacking with the phenolic side chain of the Tyr2225 residue. Several potent analogues were generated, including 52, that exhibited potent (nM concentrations) antiproliferative, antimigratory, and anti-invasive activities against cells from ...
G-CSF and stem cell therapy for the treatment of refractory thin lining in assisted reproductive technology.

The study aims to describe two promising therapeutic options for resistant “thin” endometrium in fertility treatment: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell therapy. A review of the scientific literature related to patients with thin endometrium undergoing fertility treatment. Sufficient endometrial growth is fundamental for embryo implantation. Whether idiopathic or resulting from an underlying pathology, a thin endometrium of <7 mm is associated with lower probability of pregnancy; however, no specific thickness excludes the occurrence of pregnancy. We specifically reviewed two relatively new treatment options for resistant thin lining: intrauterine G-CSF and stem cell therapy. The majority of the reviewed trials showed a significant benefit for intrauterine G-CSF infusion in improving endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates. Early results of stem cell therapy trials seem promising. EMT <7 mm is linked to lower probability of pregnancy in assisted reproductive technology. Intrauterine G-CSF infusion appears to be a potentially successful treatment option for resistant cases, while stem cell therapy seems to be a promising new treatment modality in severely refractory cases.
Forecasting Logistic Demands

Two battlefield processes affect the outcome of combat activities: attrition and consumption. These two processes generate the demand for logistic resources in the theater of operations. Shooting engagements deplete the inventory of ammunition and increase the demand for medical supplies, maneuvers consume fuel and maintenance resources, and chemical-warfare events require exceptionally large amount of water. The consumption rates, and the logistics requirements that are derived from them, are the most important inputs for the logistics planning process. Quoting vonClausewitz,1 “A prince or general can best demonstrate his genius by managing a campaign exactly to suite his objectives and resources, doing neither too much nor too little”. A necessary condition for satisfying this maxim is to understand the relation between the objectives (“ends”) and the resources (“means”) that are needed to fulfill them.
Variability of Postsurgical Imaging Surveillance of Breast Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Survey Study.

OBJECTIVE. Because of observed clinical variance and the discretion of referring physicians and radiologists in patient follow-up, the purpose of this study was to conduct a survey to explore wheth...