cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AHA Council on Clinical Cardiology Bringing the Best Science to the Bedside for More Than 50 Years

It is indeed a special privilege to be officers of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, as we, along with our members, celebrate the 50th Anniversary of our Council. As we review the state of the Council and look toward its future, it is very clear that we have drawn from our past. The Council on Clinical Cardiology was initially established by the American Heart Association as the Section of Clinical Cardiology on June 5,1952. The minutes of its first meeting held on April 11, 1953, are clear evidence that a strong foundation was set by the collective wisdom and vision of its founding members, then led by the Council’s first chairman, A. Carlton Ernstene. The AHA Section on Clinical Cardiology was established with a clear purpose: “to facilitate and encourage investigations, prevention, treatment, and education in the field of clinical cardiology.”1 In the minutes of this meeting, Samuel A. Levine heralded the future of this Council and its steadfast dedication to the development of practice guidelines and scientific statements, when he declared that “… the American Heart Association’s research program is of a very high caliber, but very serious thought should be given to methods whereby the results of research are made available to the medical profession at large.” That same year, the group developed a meeting structure of presenting brief versions of original investigations (what we now know as abstracts) along with …
The Javaputer: Java programming in a MOO

A MOO was modified to permit the writing, compilation and execution of simple Java programs. In addition to serving as an online environment for teaching object-oriented concepts, the MOO can now be used to teach the Java programming language.
Family Therapists' Responses to Normal Developmental Behavior Problems.

A randomly selected sample (N = 121 respondents) of members of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy responded to three hypothetical case studies, each depicting a presenting problem which could be normal for each of three developmental levels. The proportion of therapists to mention normal development as a possible explanation for the behavior problem was 11.6 percent for Case 1 (a four-year-old seeking independence), 32.2 percent for Case 2 (a one-year-old with separation anxiety), and 9.9% for Case 3 (a nine-year-old with night fears). For each case, chi square analyses showed no differences ac cording to sex, education, parent status, and age of own children in terms of the proportion of counselors giving developmental responses. The low percentage of developmental responses may point to the need for additional developmental studies as part of therapist training curricula. Alternatively, the theoretical orien tation of the respondents may have determined the focus of their responses.
Biases Associated with Using Roving Angler Surveys on the Opening Day of Put‐and‐Take Fisheries

Abstract The three main informational objectives for on-site angler surveys are angler effort, angler harvest, and user characteristics. This information may be difficult to collect accurately throughout the first day of a fishery because of high angler effort and harvest rates. Angler trip and harvest estimates determined from stratified random roving angler surveys were compared to tags sold and fish stocked at two popular put-and-take rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fisheries in Missouri. Daily stockings throughout the 8-month fishing season resulted in sustained heavy fishing pressure, which produced a simulated opening-day fishery situation each day. We evaluated the accuracy of angler trip, harvest, and user characteristics estimates from morning, midday, and evening survey periods, as well as the accuracy of overall estimates. Roving angler surveys provided good estimates of angler trips and user characteristics but poor estimates of daily harvest. In general, harvest and angler trips were overes...
Haiku, art and economics: a pedagogical exercise

McCloskey (1998) and Ziliak (2009) have argued for bridging the intellectual and pedagogical divide between ‘poets and positivists’. And Ziliak (2002, 2009, 2011) introduced a new bridge, ‘haiku economics’. An introductory economics class at a large US university required students to use a work of visual art from the university’s art museum and write a haiku poem that illustrated the artwork and an economic concept. The format of the assignment, samples of the students’ work as well as student feedback on the assignment are presented. The pedagogical goals and the evolving nature of the assignment are also discussed.
Multiple objective programming: An approach to planning and evaluation of agroforestry systems— Part 1: Model description and development

Abstract A conceptual framework for planning and evaluating agroforestry systems is described in this paper. The framework can accommodate the various features of agroforestry such as: (1) temporal and spatial dimensions, (2) multiple alternative uses of the land and (3) multiple and integrated production of forest and agricultural crops. The nature of agroforestry lends itself well to Multiple Objective Programming (MOP) formulation and decision making. The planning framework and MOP techniques outlined in this paper can be useful tools for the optimal allocation of land to a variety of alternative cropping systems.
Vorticity, Momentum and Divergence Budgets of Synoptic-Scale Wave Disturbances in the Tropical Eastern Atlantic

Abstract The budgets of vorticity, momentum and divergence are evaluated for the average synoptic-scale wave composited by Thompson et al. (1979) from Phase III data of the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). The data are analyzed into a Phase III mean component and a time-varying wave component. The geopotential field which is required for the momentum and divergence budgets is obtained from vertical integration of the hydrostatic equation. It is found that nonlinear terms in all wave budgets tend to be small, so that the disturbances are governed by linear dynamics. In contrast with the composite wave analyzed by Shapiro (1978), the waves are not approximately advected by the horizontal wind. Accelerations have the same amplitude as the Coriolis force in the momentum balances of the disturbances, indicating that the disturbances are not quasi-geostrophic. However, thermal wind balance appears to be a good approximation for the mean zonal wind. None of the usual simplifications to the divergence eq...
Entering the second century of maize quantitative genetics.

Maize is the most widely grown cereal in the world. In addition to its role in global agriculture, it has also long served as a model organism for genetic research. Maize stands at a genetic crossroads, as it has access to all the tools available for plant genetics but exhibits a genetic architecture more similar to other outcrossing organisms than to self-pollinating crops and model plants. In this review, we summarize recent advances in maize genetics, including the development of powerful populations for genetic mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and the insights these studies yield on the mechanisms underlying complex maize traits. Most maize traits are controlled by a large number of genes, and linkage analysis of several traits implicates a ‘common gene, rare allele' model of genetic variation where some genes have many individually rare alleles contributing. Most natural alleles exhibit small effect sizes with little-to-no detectable pleiotropy or epistasis. Additionally, many of these genes are locked away in low-recombination regions that encourage the formation of multi-gene blocks that may underlie maize's strong heterotic effect. Domestication left strong marks on the maize genome, and some of the differences in trait architectures may be due to different selective pressures over time. Overall, maize's advantages as a model system make it highly desirable for studying the genetics of outcrossing species, and results from it can provide insight into other such species, including humans.
Phosphorylation of immunopurified rat liver glucocorticoid receptor by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

We have examined phosphorylation of the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and GR-associated protein kinase (PK) activity in the immunopurified receptor preparations. Affinity labeling of hepatic cytosol with [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate showed a covalent association of the steroid with a 94 kDa protein. GR was immunopurified with antireceptor monoclonal antibody BuGR2 (Gametchu & Harrison, Endocrinology 114: 274–279, 1984) to near homogeneity. A 23° C incubation of the immunoprecipitated protein A-Sepharose adsorbed GR with [γ-32P]ATP, Mg2+ and the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent PK (cAMP-PK) from bovine heart, led to an incorporation of radioactivity in the 94 kDa protein. Phosphorylation of GR was not evident in the absence of the added kinase. Of the radioinert nucleotides (ATP, GTP, UTP or CTP) tested, only ATP successfully competed with [γ-32P]ATP demonstrating a nucleotide specific requirement for the phosphorylation of GR. Other divalent cations, such as Mn2+ or Ca2+, could not be substituted for Mg2+ during the phosphorylation reaction. Phosphorylation of GR was sensitive to the presence of the protein kinase inhibitor, H-8, an isoquinoline sulfonamide derivative. In addition, the incorporation of radioactivity into GR was both time- and temperature-dependent. The phosphorylation of GR by cAMP-PK was independent of the presence of hsp-90 and transformation state of the receptor. The results of this study demonstrate that GR is an effective substrate for action of cAMP-PK and that the immunopurified protein A-Sepharose adsorbed GR lacks intrinsic kinase activity but can be conveniently used for the characterization of the phosphorylation reaction in the presence of an exogenous kinase.
Analysis and Evaluation of a Two Engine Configuration in a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle

The paper proposes the use of two engines as primary energy converter in a new generation refuse hauling vehicle with a series hybrid electric powertrain. The mission profile of such a vehicle in most U.S. cities is composed by an urban driving cycle for refuse collection, with low power requirements, followed by a highway section in which the vehicle travels at full power. Thus, while the engine must be sized for high power levels, it will be used at low loads for most of the time. The original Diesel engine is replaced with two smaller common-rail Diesel engines. The smaller engines are the same used in many mid-size European sedans and provide high peak efficiency. When the power required by the vehicle is low, the power request can be satisfied using only one of them, and the other one can be switched off. Thus, the only engine in use is running at high load (i.e., high efficiency) and the fuel consumption can be reduced in comparison with a single, bigger engine running at low load. An analysis of the typical vehicle driving cycle is carried out in order to evaluate the advantages of the dual engine architecture. The control strategy of the hybrid electric powertrain, which usually splits the power between the engine and the energy storage system, is extended with an additional degree of freedom, managing the power split between the two engines in order to minimize the instantaneous fuel consumption. A vehicle simulator is used to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the proposed architecture, and to determine the best conditions for its implementation. Significant reductions of fuel consumption are obtained under proper conditions.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Hybrid nanostructures based on quantum dots and nanowires

We report the realization of hybrid nanostructures that combine inorganic InP/ZnS core-shell quantum dots and wide bandgap ZnO nanowires with an organic polymer matrix compound, which can potentially enable optoelectronic devices novel functionalities, including photovoltaics. The ZnO nanowires were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition prior to functionalization with the quantum dots and embedding into a poly-3(hexylthiophene) hole transport matrix. The nanostructures were precisely characterized using photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Unique atomic scale resolution analysis of the nanostructures was performed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping and atom probe tomography for the first time.
Neural populations in human posteromedial cortex display opposing responses during memory and numerical processing

Our understanding of the human default mode network derives primarily from neuroimaging data but its electrophysiological correlates remain largely unexplored. To address this limitation, we recorded intracranially from the human posteromedial cortex (PMC), a core structure of the default mode network, during various conditions of internally directed (e.g., autobiographical memory) as opposed to externally directed focus (e.g., arithmetic calculation). We observed late-onset (>400 ms) increases in broad high γ-power (70–180 Hz) within PMC subregions during memory retrieval. High γ-power was significantly reduced or absent when subjects retrieved self-referential semantic memories or responded to self-judgment statements, respectively. Conversely, a significant deactivation of high γ-power was observed during arithmetic calculation, the duration of which correlated with reaction time at the signal-trial level. Strikingly, at each recording site, the magnitude of activation during episodic autobiographical memory retrieval predicted the degree of suppression during arithmetic calculation. These findings provide important anatomical and temporal details—at the neural population level—of PMC engagement during autobiographical memory retrieval and address how the same populations are actively suppressed during tasks, such as numerical processing, which require externally directed attention.
A Low SWaP Implementation of High Integrity Relative Navigation for Small UAS

Several aerial platforms rely on decimeter-level relative position accuracy for various applications including automatic takeoff and landing, precision targeting, and airborne refueling. For such applications, a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS system provides a relatively low cost, robust, and reliable solution. Current commercial RTK products are inherently susceptible to jamming and spoofing. The Selective Availability Anti-Spoof Module (SAASM) implementations to date typically relied on relatively large and complicated architectures which would be difficult to port into a small (Groups 1-3) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) due to Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints. This paper describes the architecture, algorithms, and testing approach from Rockwell Collins high integrity relative navigation system including a SAASM-based RTK implementation for small UAS. A variant of the system was implemented for the Navy's Small Tactical Unmanned Aircraft System (STUAS) program. The STUAS system performed its first successful ship-based launch and recoveries on the U.S.S. Mesa Verde using Rockwell Collins high integrity relative navigation system in February of 2013.
Dimer-of-dimers model for the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Synthesis and properties of [MnIV4O5(terpy)4(H2O)2](ClO4)6.

A dimer-of-dimers model compound for the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, [{(H2O)(terpy)MnIV(μ-O)2MnIV(terpy)}2(μ-O)](ClO4)6 (terpy = 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine), has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography and ESI-MS. Low pH was found to promote the disproportionation of [MnIII/IV2O2(terpy)2(OH2)2]3+ to Mn2+ and a MnIV/IV2O2(terpy)2 species; the latter complex slowly dimerizes to form the title complex. Protonation of a μ-oxo bridge is proposed to initiate the disproportionation, based on analogy with the [MnIII/IV2O2(bpy)4]3+ system.
Immunoquantitation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase in skeletal muscle of 31 patients

We studied 31 patients suspected of having muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency. The catalytic activity of CPT2 was measured in muscle biopsies by the isotope exchange method and CPT2 immunoreactivity was quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nine patients had normal enzyme activity and immunoreactivity. Eight patients had significant deficiencies in catalytic activity (> 3 S.D. below reference mean) of which six were also deficient in immunoreactivity. An additional nine patients were significantly deficient in immunoreactivity with normal catalytic activity and five patients had partial deficiencies in both. At least two categories of alterations in CPT may exist which lead to a deficiency based on the data presented: (1) a regulatory defect in CPT which only alters the enzyme active site; and (2) a structural defect due to altered synthesis, increased degradation, or changes in the immunoreactive site. It may prove to be of diagnostic importance to combine the analysis of enzyme activity and immunoreactivity in patients suspected of having a CPT deficiency and to further investigate the condition of partial CPT deficiency.
Inter and Intra- Organizational Collaborative and Consultative Program of Society of Wetland Scientists Asia Chapter (SWS)

DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v1i1.1567 No abstract. Journal of Wetlands Ecology Vol.1(1/2) 2008, p.15
Fire Attributable to a Defibrillation Attempt in a Neonate

A fire can occur during a defibrillation attempt because a spark can be generated in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Although the risk is small, a fire during patient care can have devastating effects. We describe a case of a fire attributable to a defibrillation attempt in a 10-day-old neonate following open-heart surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first published account of a fire during a defibrillation attempt in an infant or child. We review predisposing factors and preventive strategies, with special emphasis on the importance of removing oxygen from the immediate environment during defibrillation attempts. Fire is a rare but potentially devastating complication of defibrillation attempts.1–3 Despite the severe consequences of patient fires, this risk is not mentioned in standard critical care4,5 or cardiology textbooks,6,7 presumably because of the paucity of clinical reports.1,8,9 We present a case of a fire ignited by a defibrillation attempt in a 10-day-old infant, and discuss the contributing factors and recommended preventive measures. To our knowledge, this represents the first such report in an infant or child. The patient was a term newborn with a type II truncus arteriosus. Surgical correction on day 10 of life was complicated by myocardial ischemia attributable to an anomalous descending coronary artery that was severed during the surgery. Following the repair, the chest was left open and the median sternotomy was covered with a Gore-Tex tissue patch. She returned to the pediatric intensive care unit in an infant warmer and required high ventilator settings including fraction of inspired oxygen of 1.0, positive end-expiratory pressure of 12 cm H2O, tidal volume of 80 mL, and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute. She was also provided with considerable inotropic support including epinephrine, dopamine, … Reprint requests to (A.A.T.) Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Room 3302, Box 245073, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073. E-mail: aat{at}peds.arizona.edu
Domains of Attraction for an Autoparametric Mass-Pendulum System: A Lyapunov Exponent Map Approach

Many recent studies have been performed on resonantly excited mass-pendulum systems with autoparametric (internal) resonance capturing interesting local steady state phenomena. The objective of this work is to explore the transient behavior in such systems. The domains of attraction of the time-periodic system provide some help in understanding the transient dynamics, and these are sought using a recently developed algorithm that solves for the finite-time Lyapunov exponent over a grid of initial conditions. Though the use of finite-time Lyapunov exponents in nonlinear dynamical analyses is not novel, its application to multi-degree-offreedom forced nonlinear systems has not been reported in the literature. In addition to identifying regions of different final states, the technique used captures different levels of attraction within a domain. This sheds some light on the role played by other modes present in a multi-degree-of-freedom system in shaping the overall system response.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
In vitro human phase I metabolism of xenobiotics I: pesticides and related compounds used in agriculture and public health, May 2003.

This is the first revision of a database covering human phase I enzymes and their isoforms that metabolize pesticides and related compounds. The original version included enzymes that metabolize chloroacetamide and triazine herbicides, and organophosphorus insecticides. This revision also includes carbamate, nicotinoid, and pyrethroid insecticides and insect repellents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:201–206, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10080
The case for early chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic disease.

Purpose: Several important questions are raised by the data from Southwest Oncology Group 99-16 and TAX 327. What is the optimal timing of chemotherapy for metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer? Should asymptomatic patients be treated? Is there a theoretical survival advantage for treatment for hormone sensitive prostate cancer? We reviewed arguments for the early use of docetaxel in the hormone sensitive and hormone naive disease states.Materials and Methods: Androgen independent prostate cancer was traditionally viewed as a chemoresistant disease. At best palliation of bone pain but not improved survival could be achieved with the combination of mitoxantrone and prednisone. Median survival rates for chemotherapy in this disease state were reported to be between 10 and 12 months. Phase II studies administering docetaxel weekly or every 3 weeks as a single agent or in combination with estramustine demonstrated median survival rates of 14 to 23 months, which appeared to be an improvement over stand...
Ubiquitin-dependent and -independent proteasomal degradation of apoB associated with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, respectively, in HepG2 cells.

Studies in hepatocyte cultures indicate that apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 production is regulated largely by intracellular degradation and the proteasome pathway is a major mechanism for the degradation. In the present study, we have examined the detailed itinerary of apoB degradation through its secretory pathway in HepG2 cells. We found that ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of apoB largely occurred on the cytosolic surface of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that a small proportion of apoB was dislodged from the secretory organelles into the cytosolic compartment where it underwent ubiquitination for proteasomal degradation. The transmembrane conformation of apoB persisted as the protein was transported through the Golgi apparatus. We further demonstrated that proteasomal degradation of apoB was associated the Golgi apparatus but Golgi-associated apoB was not ubiquitinated, indicating an ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of apoB is associated with this organelle. We conclude that apoB undergoes proteasomal degradation while going through different compartments of the secretory pathway; further, ER-associated proteasomal degradation of apoB in the ER is ubiquitin-dependent whereas that occurring in the Golgi is ubiquitin-independent.
GPU accelerated online multi-particle beam dynamics simulator for ion linear particle accelerators

Abstract An online beam dynamics simulator is being developed for use in the operation of an ion linear particle accelerator. By employing Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology, the performance of the simulator has been significantly increased over that of a single CPU and is therefore viable in the demanding accelerator operations environment. Once connected to the accelerator control system, it can rapidly respond to any control set point changes and predict beam properties along an ion linear accelerator in pseudo-real time. This simulator will be a virtual beam diagnostic tool which is especially useful when direct beam measurements are not available. Details about the code structure design, physics algorithms, GPU implementations, and performance are presented.
Gal4 in the Drosophila female germline.

The modular Gal4 system has proven to be an extremely useful tool for conditional gene expression in Drosophila. One limitation has been the inability of the system to work in the female germline. A modified Gal4 system that works throughout oogenesis is presented here. To achieve germline expression, it was critical to change the basal promoter and 3'-UTR in the Gal4-responsive expression vector (generating UASp). Basal promoters and heterologous 3'-UTRs are often considered neutral, but as shown here, can endow qualitative tissue-specificity to a chimeric transcript. The modified Gal4 system was used to investigate the role of the Drosophila FGF homologue branchless, ligand for the FGF receptor breathless, in border cell migration. FGF signaling guides tracheal cell migration in the embryo. However, misexpression of branchless in the ovary had no effect on border cell migration. Thus border cells and tracheal cells appear to be guided differently.
Safety aspects of nuclear reactor control

Reactor power plants can now be designed and operated so they present no greater danger to operating personnel than conventional power plants. They can also be shown to offer negligible danger to the surrounding geographical area. At present, the extremely conservative assumptions concerning the safety system necessitate a very complex design. As operating experience accumulates, it should be possible to simplify the design.
17β-Estradiol Potently Suppresses cAMP-induced Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Gene Activation in Primary Rat Osteoblast Cultures

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a key factor in bone remodeling. In osteoblasts, IGF-I synthesis is enhanced by parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through cAMP-activated protein kinase. In rats, estrogen loss after ovariectomy leads to a rise in serum IGF-I and an increase in bone remodeling, both of which are reversed by estrogen treatment. To examine estrogen-dependent regulation of IGF-I expression at the molecular level, primary fetal rat osteoblasts were co-transfected with the estrogen receptor (hER, to ensure active ER expression), and luciferase reporter plasmids controlled by promoter 1 of the rat IGF-I gene (IGF-I P1), used exclusively in these cells. As reported, 1 microM PGE2 increased IGF-I P1 activity by 5-fold. 17beta-Estradiol alone had no effect, but dose-dependently suppressed the stimulatory effect of PGE2 by up to 90% (ED50 approximately 0.1 nM). This occurred within 3 h, persisted for at least 16 h, required ER, and appeared specific, since 17alpha-estradiol was 100-300-fold less effective. By contrast, 17beta-estradiol stimulated estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent reporter expression by up to 10-fold. 17beta-Estradiol also suppressed an IGF-I P1 construct retaining only minimal promoter sequence required for cAMP-dependent gene activation, but did not affect the 60-fold increase in cAMP induced by PGE2. There is no consensus ERE in rat IGF-I P1, suggesting novel downstream interactions in the cAMP pathway that normally enhances IGF-I expression in skeletal cells. To explore this, nuclear extract from osteoblasts expressing hER were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using the atypical cAMP response element in IGF-I P1. Estrogen alone did not cause DNA-protein binding, while PGE2 induced a characteristic gel shift complex. Co-treatment with both hormones caused a gel shift greatly diminished in intensity, consistent with their combined effects on IGF-I promoter activity. Nonetheless, hER did not bind IGF-I cAMP response element or any adjacent sequences. These results provide new molecular evidence that estrogen may temper the biological effects of hormones acting through cAMP to regulate skeletal IGF-I expression and activity.
Is Na + K ATPase a Myelin-Associated Enzyme?

The Na + K ATPase activity associated with purified myelin has been investigated. On the basis of marker enzyme studies, the Na + K ATPase activity of myelin was higher than could be accounted for by microsomal contamination. Fractions prepared from white matter-enriched areas of rat brain showed a threefold enrichment in Na + K ATPase activity in myelin as compared with the white matter homogenate. The ATPase activity in myelin was stimulated fourfold by treatment with sodium deoxycholate, but the activity in the whole brain homogenate and the microsomal fraction was only doubled. This discontinuity temperature for Na + K ATPase activity was significantly higher for the myelin fraction (29 degrees C) than for the microsomal fraction (21 degrees C), but the energies of activation, both above and below the discontinuity temperature, were the same for both fractions, Myelin Na + K ATPase had a lower affinity for strophanthidin than the microsomal enzyme, but both fractions were inhibited to the same extent by 10-3 M-strophanthidin. The evidence thus indicated that much of the ATPase activity of myelin is not the result of microsomal contamination. Although the possibility of axolemmal contamination cannot be ruled out conclusively, indirect evidence suggest that this is not a significant factor and that Na + K ATPase may be a myelin-associated enzyme.
Late presentation of isolated digital contracture following forearm fracture

The inflammatory response associated with fracture healing induces varying levels of local scarring and adhesions. Associated morbidity from local adhesions is rare in forearm fractures, but entrapment of flexor tendons has been reported in the literature following both-bone forearm fractures in children and adolescents [1–9]. In 14 of the 15 cases of flexor tendon entrapment following both-bone forearm fractures, the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon was involved. Akita and Kawai [1] reported on a flexor digitorum superficialis tendon entrapment 4 weeks following injury. It is thought that the more superficial location of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon affords some protection from adhesion to the fracture site. We present a delayed presentation of contracture of the index finger in a 15-year-old patient 5 years following a forearm fracture.
A New Class of Biomimetically Relevant “Scorpionate” Ligands. 2. The (2-Hydroxyphenyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methanes: Structural Characterization of a Series of Mono-, Di-, and Trinuclear Nickel(II) Complexes

The preparation of a new class of mixed functionality biomimetic ligand, (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane, L1, (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane, L2, and (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3-isopropylpyrazolyl)methane, L3, is described. These ligands were used to synthesize the nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(L1)2], 1·MeCN; [Ni(L2)2], 2·0.5MeOH and 2·2H2O; [Ni(μ-L2)2NiCl2], 3·2H2O and 3·2CH2Cl2; [Ni3(μ3-Cl)2(μ-L3)2(L3)(MeOH)]Cl, 4·MeOH·4H2O and 4·MeOH·1.42iPr2O; and [Ni3(μ3-OH)2(μ-L3)3][BF4], 5 and 5·2Me2CO. X-ray crystal analysis of 1−5 gave the following structural parameters: 1·MeCN, C28H25N9NiO2, triclinic, a = 10.600(3) A, b = 11.371(3) A, c = 12.194(3) A, α = 71.17(2)°, β = 94.69(2)°, γ = 83.04(2)°, space group P1, Z = 2; 2·2H2O, C34H42N8NiO4, monoclinic, a = 9.037(2) A, b = 19.272(3) A, c = 19.643(3) A, β = 94.69(2)°, space group C2/c, Z = 4; 3·2CH2Cl2, C36H42N8Cl6Ni2O2, monoclinic, a = 13.891(4) A, b = 18.188(7) A, c = 15.012(4) A, β = 92.70(2)°, space group C2/c, Z = 4; 4·MeOH·1.42iPr2O, C67...
Collaborative Writing Interactions in One Ninth-Grade Classroom

Abstract Although there has recently been an increased interest in collaborative writing, educators have little information on how these groups function. The purpose of this study is to provide insights into successful collaborative writing interactions. Based on both quantitative and qualitative data, this study addressed factors that affect the success of collaborative writing groups in one ninth-grade classroom. The discourse of three coauthoring triads—a model group, a typical group, and a problem group—were examined to determine those factors. Three characteristics differentiated the model group from the other two groups: (a) amount and kinds of engagement during the writing process, (b) the level of cognitive conflict, and (c) the kinds of social interactions. Successful ninth-grade coauthors were involved in an authentic conversation about emerging text and felt comfortable enough with each other to engage in productive cognitive conflict.
Electrostatic force computation for bio-molecules on supercomputers with torus networks

We present an application of the Ewald algorithm for electrostatic force computation on a supercomputer with a torus network, like those on QCDOC and BlueGene/L. Typical bio-molecular systems have thousands, possibly millions of atoms interacting, with simulation time ranging from microseconds to milliseconds. The most dominant time consuming calculation for bio-molecules is the electrostatic interactions. The importance of an efficient all-gather method is discussed, in particular for QCDOC since it does not have a network specific for global communication like the tree network on BlueGene/L. In addition, we demonstrate the ability for QCDOC to run non QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) applications, in particular, electrostatic force computation on bio-molecules.
Differential mode to common mode conversion on differential signal vias due to asymmetric GND via configurations

This study investigates the impact of ground vias placed in close proximity to high speed differential signal vias and the resulting differential mode to common mode conversion. The work shows the influence of the distance between ground (GND) vias and differential signal (Diff. SIG.); the effect of the asymmetrical configuration of the GND vias; the impact of the dielectric thickness and the number of transitions between the planes.
Learning from Experience Case Studies of the Hyper-X Project

The Hyper-X project (X-43A) provides a number of "lessons learned" which can be applied to other aerospace project. The specific areas examined were the selection of the goals of the Hyper-X. How the technical unknowns and assumptions were handled. The final lesson was the ambiguous nature of risk assessment, and how trying to remove a technical unknown can have unintended consequences.
Cooperative denaturation kinetics of homogeneous polymers.

The kinetics of denaturation of a homogeneous, helical biopolymer with nearest neighbor interactions are described, using a kinetic Ising model in which the configuration of its neighbors dictates the transition probability for a single residue in the chain. The actual kinetics that are simulated using Monte Carlo techniques are compared with the results of analytical kinetic equations for the fraction of helix, , generated using the mean-field approximation. This mean-field rate equation is expanded as a hierarchy of terms that characterize the nature of rate constants for interacting systems. The first term in the expansion is first order in and varies linearly with the interaction energy. Subsequent rate terms involve higher powers of and demonstrate the need for nonlinear equations in systems with larger interaction energies. Both the simulations and the mean-field approximation show an intrinsic induction period for the single-step kinetic process. They also yield an apparent first-order rate constant that changes as the reaction proceeds. However, only the simulated kinetics yield ordered regions of chain and a nonzero, nearest-neighbor correlation function.
Anaesthetic management for a patient with Dejerine‐Sottas disease and asthma

Dejerine-Sottas disease is a very uncommon degenerative disease of the peripheral nervous system. The details of perioperative anaesthetic management are discussed including the use of epidural anaesthesia, with supplemental intravenous anaesthesia and an LMA.
Transition density of states for Si(100) from L1L23V and L23VV Auger spectra

Abstract The L1L23V and L23VV Auger spectra of sputtered and annealed Si(100) have been measured and the transition density of states extracted. The line shapes for the two transitions differ, indicating the importance of matrix element effects. Whereas the L1L23V line shape closely resembles results of other measurements of the Si density of states, the L23VV line shows a strong emphasis on p-like states.
Volume holographic imaging of biological tissue samples

Volume holographic filters incorporated into optical microscopy systems can extend imaging capability by providing wavefront selectivity and spectral information. These features are explored in the context of viewing biological tissue samples.
Abuse in the Close Relationships of People With HIV

We estimated the proportion of adults receiving HIV care who are involved in abusive close relationships and identified factors associated with abuse perpetration and victimization. A nationally representative sample of 1,421 persons in care for HIV included 51% who reported having a close relationship (a spouse or a primary relationship partner) during a 6-month period. Of those in a close relationship, 26.8%reported the presence of abuse. Forty-eight percent of all abuse was mutual, and abuse perpetration and victimization occurred equally often. Age, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorder, as well as characteristics of relationships (e.g., both partners seropositive) predicted perpetration and/or victimization. After adjusting for these factors, females were not found to differ from gay men in their likelihood of being perpetrators of abuse or victims. However, African Americans were more likely than Whites to be involved in an abusive relationship. Interventions for people with HIV must address the presence of abuse in close relationships, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, but may benefit from targeting people of color.
Malignant rhabdoid transformation of a longstanding, aggressive, and recurrent orbital angiomyxoma.

Abstract A 47-year-old woman presented with a medial orbital tumor initially diagnosed as either a myxoid neurofibroma or myoepithelioma. Over 30 years the tumor recurred seven times and was serially debulked. Careful histopathologic analysis coupled with immunohistochemical studies performed on the last two biopsies established the rare diagnosis of a locally aggressive angiomyxoma (because of its local infiltrative growth) with myofibroblastic features (smooth muscle actin and calponin positivity and desmin negativity). The last recurrence manifested at a shorter interval than the earlier ones, suggesting an accelerating clinical course. By this late stage there was complete blindness, a frozen globe, and extreme, unmeasurable proptosis accompanied by massive chemosis and eyelid fullness. An exenteration was performed, and the orbital contents contained a persistent angiomyxoma, but additionally, another cellular population had emerged—mitotically active cells with a malignant rhabdoid phenotype (round shape, cytoplasmic hyaline/globoid inclusions composed of whorls of compact vimentin filaments as well as epithelial membrane antigen and focal cytokeratin positivity). This is the first orbital case of a rhabdoid transformation of a benign orbital mesenchymal tumor. Shortly after the exenteration, multifocal metastases, notably to the lungs, were found, leading to the introduction of chemotherapy, which was discontinued because of non-responsiveness of the tumor and patient intolerance. After 1 year of follow up, the patient is still alive, but has persistent active disease with widespread metastases and a guarded prognosis.
Knowledge Domain Navigation in Interdisciplinary Digital Landscapes

Knowledge domain navigation is vital to research activities, and this article addresses the epistemological and ontological dimensions of the knowledge domain navigation framework. The article addresses knowledge creation through the metadata record and how interdisciplinarity affects the metadata record. The discussion of the ontological dimension focuses on semantic navigation, interoperability, and the relationship of taxonomies to interdisciplinarity. A number of digital initiative projects illustrate the concept of knowledge domain navigation.
Plasma and tissue free amino acid concentrations in rats fed tryptophan-imbalanced diets with or without niacin.

The concentration of free tryptophan and other free amino acids in blood plasma and of free tryptophan and threonine in liver and muscle have been determined in rats fed tryptophan-imbalanced diets ( induced with 7.8% amino acids in a low protein adequate-niacin diet or with threonine or 2.06% amino acids in a low protein niacin-free diet). The concentration of free tryptophan in the plasma and liver of rats fed the threonine-induced niacin-deficient diet was not depressed below that of the control animals. However, tryptophan concentration decreased in the plasma of rats fed the above diet corrected with 2.5 mg nicotinamide/100 g diet. Liver tryptophan concentrations, however, did not decrease in the niacin-corrected group. The only prominent change in other amino acids was that of threonine, which increased markedly in all groups supplemented with threonine. When the 7.8% amino acid-induced un balanced diet containing adequate niacin was fed, the plasma and muscle free trypto phan concentrations of meal-fed rats decreased markedly within 3.5 to 5 hours. Liver concentrations also decreased by 5 hours in the unbalanced group. The concentrations of the amino acids that were added to the diet to cause the imbalance increased con- comitantly with a decrease in plasma tryptophan. These results support the suggestion that in the first situation ( niacin-free diet ) the metabolic response is a result of a deficiency of niacin; whereas, when the tryptophan imbalance is induced in an adequate- niacin diet with 7.8% of an amino acid mixture devoid of tryptophan, the immediate metabolic need is that of tryptophan, the limiting amino acid; a response typical of those observed with other amino acid imbalances. J. Nutr. 104: 1584-1596, 1974.
Appliance Ownership and Household Work Time

Data from 2, 100 two-parent, two-child households were analyzed to determine the relationships of demographic variables, ownership of 11 appliances, and time spent in four categories of household tasks. Over 60 percent of the households owned at least seven of the eleven appliances studied. A theoretical model of the Household Task Performance System was developed for the analysis. Appliances were grouped according to whether they operate independently or require a con tinuous input of time from an operator. Little evidence was found that appliance ownership is related to less time being spent in household tasks. There was, in fact, a positive relationship between the number of appliances owned that re quire continuous attention and time spent in the related tasks. Controlling for quantity or quality of outputs resulting from inputs to the household task perfor mance system was not possible due to limitations of the data base.
INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING MESOAMERICAN ECONOMY: ELUSIVE PROMISES

More than four decades ago, instrumental developments, such as those involving neutron activation and X-ray florescence, began to generate relatively large quantities of data from the analysis of archaeological materials. These data served as the basis for many models of long-distance exchange as a means of explaining the development of cultural complexity. I review aspects of this early history and the how use of compositional data is now more directed toward localized investigations of economic activity. Even with this refocus of research interest, studies involving material characterization appear to be declining. Using traditional citation, personal experience, and highly selective examples, I discuss the use of analytical techniques for studies of long-distance trade, as it developed and now confronts interpretive difficulties that are inherent in the data and rendered more so by use of abstract constructs and resource limitations.
A Clinical Laboratory Model for Evaluating the Acute Effects of Electronic “Cigarettes”: Nicotine Delivery Profile and Cardiovascular and Subjective Effects

Background: Electronic “cigarettes” are marketed to tobacco users as potential reduced exposure products (PREP), albeit with little information regarding electronic cigarette user toxicant exposure and effects. This information may be obtained by adapting clinical laboratory methods used to evaluate other PREPs for smokers. Methods: Thirty-two smokers participated in four independent Latin-square ordered conditions that differed by product: own brand cigarette, “NPRO” electronic cigarettes (NPRO EC; 18 mg cartridge), “Hydro” electronic cigarettes (Hydro EC; 16 mg cartridge), or sham (unlit cigarette). Participants took 10 puffs at two separate times during each session. Plasma nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, heart rate, and subjective effects were assessed. Results: Own brand significantly increased plasma nicotine and CO concentration and heart rate within the first five minutes of administration whereas NPRO EC, Hydro EC, and sham smoking did not. Own brand, NPRO EC, and Hydro EC (but not sham) significantly decreased tobacco abstinence symptom ratings and increased product acceptability ratings. The magnitude of symptom suppression and increased acceptability was greater for own brand than for NPRO EC and Hydro EC. Conclusions: Under these acute testing conditions, neither of the electronic cigarettes exposed users to measurable levels of nicotine or CO, although both suppressed nicotine/tobacco abstinence symptom ratings. Impact: This study illustrates how clinical laboratory methods can be used to understand the acute effects of these and other PREPs for tobacco users. The results and methods reported here will likely be relevant to the evaluation and empirically based regulation of electronic cigarettes and similar products. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); OF1–9. ©2010 AACR.
Analysis of a commercial ice-storage system: Design principles and measured performance

Abstract This paper summarizes an analysis of the measured performance of an ice-storage system in a large office building. The partial storage system was installed at a cost below a conventional cooling system when the building was initially constructed. The design analysis concluded that by reducing on-peak electric demand through shifting cooling energy use to nighttime operation, the system would save about $38 000 per year in electricity costs. During 1987, savings were roughly 10% of this estimate. Reasons for the discrepancy include the inability of the system to deliver the design cooling load, and poor operating and maintenance practices. The assessment is based upon monitoring of the cooling load, compressor electricity use, chilled-water pump electricity use, and whole-building electricity use, each measured at 15-minute intervals. A primary objective of the monitoring project was to compare electricity costs of the actual system to what they would have been with a conventional cooling system, without storage. We estimated the hourly electricity use of the base case conventional system using the measured hourly cooling load data and a part-load efficiency curve for a 1617 kW t (460 ton) centrifugal chiller. Five months of cooling load data were available (February - June). The maximum electric demand shift was 150 kW e (6.1 W e /m 2 ). The average monthly peak shift was 95 kW e . Over these five months the system COP decreased from 2.82 to 1.74, while the estimated COP for the conventional system ranged from 2.84 to 2.75. Since the analysis period, the system has undergone major retrofitting to alleviate the occasional overheating and further reduce electricity costs.