cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Resistance of Rhesus Monkeys to 90 Plus Per Gent Oxygen

Summary and ConclusionsTen normal Rhesus Monkeys continuously exposed to 90+% oxygen appeared to maintain good health for a 5-day period. Then the reaction was variable. Anorexia first appeared, then apathy, drowsiness, cough and dyspnea. Survival periods ranged from 6 to 18 days in 8 monkeys. Two were alive at the end of 20 days and remained in good health. Pairs of rabbits used as controls died after 4 days and were replaced by new controls who again died after 4 days. Autopsies were performed and showed a slight amount of congestion and exudate in the lungs resembling a mild pneumonia in the monkeys, while the rabbits showed extensive pneumonia. The marked difference in reaction of the two sets of monkeys suggests that there may be a difference of resistance to 90+% oxygen in different strains, or that lowering the tent temperature to 60° may have played a role in diminishing their resistance. The reaction of the Rhesus Monkeys suggests the possibility that it may be safe for human beings to be exposed...
Safety of direct endoscopic necrosectomy in patients with gastric varices

CONCLUSION: In patients with WON and gastric varices, DEN using EUS and doppler guidance may be performed safely. Successful resolution of WON does not appear to be compromised by the presence of gastric varices, with similar rates of resolution and only minor bleeding events. Experienced centers should not consider gastric varices a contraindication to DEN.
Maternal and Infant Care

년 월 10(2), 2004 6 89 This time I was asked by the Chief Editor of the journal to write up an article as to what Perinatal Nurse Practitioners do. To the best of my knowledge, there isn‘t such a thing as Perinatal Nurse Practitioner in the USA. The vast majority of the Womens Health Nurse Practitioners and Obstetric and Gynecology Nurse Practitioners do take care of patients who are in the perinatal period. Thus, some of them may be labeled as Perinatal Nurse Practitioners.
The uptake of tritiated thymidine in human decidual cells

The in vitro uptake of tritiated thymidine was studied in the compact layer of human decidua by high resolution radioautography. Decidua was obtained from 19 women throughout different stages of pregnancy. The uptake of tritiated thymidine was seen during the first and second trimesters only and appeared to be unrelated to gestational or maternal age or to organic maternal disease. The labeling was highest in small mononuclear stromal cells (0.7 to 2.7 per cent) and lowest in cells lining decidual glands (0.1 to 0.6 per cent). The percentage of labeling varied from 0.3 to 1.1 per cent in large decidual cells.
The Symbiotics of Semiotics and Visual Communication

AbstractThis article reviews visual semiotics, aphilosophical approach that seeks to interpret messages in terms of their signs and patterns of symbolism. Semiotic analysis is particularly relevantfor messages that rely on visual communication cues. The theory is that Peircian semiotics, rather than Saussurian semiology, can provide a central organizing perspective for analyzing how the “standsfor” function in sign systems produces meaning in nonverbal communication situations.
It’s not easy (not) being green: Agenda dissonance of Green Party press relations and newspaper coverage

The Green Party of England and Wales is trying to move from being perceived as a party with a specific environmental focus to a broad-spectrum political force with policy and opinion across the ful...
aeroMorph - Heat-sealing Inflatable Shape-change Materials for Interaction Design

This paper presents a design, simulation, and fabrication pipeline for making transforming inflatables with various materials. We introduce a bending mechanism that creates multiple, programmable shape-changing behaviors with inextensible materials, including paper, plastics and fabrics. We developed a software tool that generates these bending mechanism for a given geometry, simulates its transformation, and exports the compound geometry as digital fabrication files. We show a range of fabrication methods, from manual sealing, to heat pressing with custom stencils and a custom heat-sealing head that can be mounted on usual 3-axis CNC machines to precisely fabricate the designed transforming material. Finally, we present three applications to show how this technology could be used for designing interactive wearables, toys, and furniture.
Putting the spotlight on organic sulfur

Marine microbes are the engines that drive global biogeochemical cycling in the oceans. They produce and cycle a dissolved organic matter (DOM) reservoir that is roughly as big as the atmospheric carbon dioxide pool ( 1 ). Interactions between DOM and marine microbes may also play a key role in the evolving climate through changes in remineralization rates ( 2 ). Historically, DOM has been thought of mainly in terms of its carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. On page 456 of this issue, Ksionzek et al. ( 3 ) investigate the large pool of dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) compounds in the ocean and show that these compounds also play a key role in ocean biogeochemistry.
Nonmechanical beam steering using tunable lenses

We have used three tunable liquid lenses to demonstrate nonmechanical beam steering of ±75° using a fisheye lens, in two dimensions. The system can control the beam divergence and provide two-dimensional beam steering.
Una universidad futura sin Humanidades

The specific function that the humanities could have of the university should be what I call riskful thinking. Now what do I mean by riskful thinking? I mean in the first case, very much inspired by Wilhelm von Humboldt, that riskful thinking is the thinking that produces questions instead of answers. Riskful thinking is a thinking that makes the world look more complicated and less solution-oriented. Riskful thinking is a thinking that produces alternative world views instead of catering to existing world views. Instead of reducing, riskful thinking tends to increase the complexity of the world by creating new problems.(Complete article in spanish language).
Lack of the Golden Standard and Missing Measurements

We propose a new error modeling and optimization-based localization approach for sensor networks in presence of range measurement noise. The approach is solely based on the concept of consistency. The error models are constructed using nonparametric statistical techniques; they do not only indicate the most likely error but also provide the likelihood distribution of particular errors occurring. The models are evaluated using the learn-and-test method and served as the OFs for the task of localization. In addition, we also present a localized localization algorithm where a specified communication cost or the location accuracy is guaranteed while optimizing the other. We evaluate the approach (1) in both GPS-based and GPS-less scenarios; (2) in both centralized and localized manners; (3) in 1D, 2D, and 3D spaces; and (4) in the case when error models are not available a priori, on sets of acoustic ranging-based distance measurements recorded by actual deployed sensor networks. The experimental evaluation indicates that localization of only a few centimeters is consistently achieved when the average and median distance measurement errors are more than a meter, even when the nodes have a low connectivity. Furthermore, we compare the relative performance in terms of location accuracy with several state-of-the-art localization approaches. Finally, several insightful implications about the required conditions for accurate Location Discovery are concluded by analyzing the experimental results.
An improved SiC MOSFET-gate driver integrated power module with ultra low stray inductances

An improved SiC MOSFET-gate driver integrated half-bridge module with folded layout using direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate is designed, fabricated, and tested. The bottom layer of the DBC is used as part of the power loop to achieve major reduction in the loop stray inductance. Due to the low parasitic inductance and capacitance, the gate resistor is chosen as zero to reduce the switching loss and the EMI performance is improved under high switching speed. Simulation and experimental results show the better switching performance comparing with traditional one-layer module.
Measurement of neutral beam profiles at DIII-D

The neutral beam systems of DIII-D, a National Fusion Facility at General Atomics, are used both for heating the plasma, and as tools for plasma diagnostics. The spatial distribution (profile) and energy of the beam is used in the absolute calibration of both the Charge Exchange Recombination (CER) and Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostics. In the past, the beam spatial profile used in these calibrations was derived from beam divergence calculations and IR camera observations on the tokamak centerpost target tiles. Two experimental methods are now available to better determine the beam profile. In one method, the Doppler shifted D{sub {alpha}} light from the energetic neutrals are measured, and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the beam can be inferred from the measured divergence of the D{sub {alpha}} light intensity. The other method for determining the beam profile uses the temperature gradients measured by the thermocouples mounted on the calorimeter. A new iterative fitting routine for the measured thermocouple data has been developed to fit theoretical models on the dispersion of the beam. The results of both methods are compared, and used to provide a new experimental verification of the beam profile.
Effective bounds for Fourier coefficients of certain weakly holomorphic modular forms

Abstract In Jorgenson et al. (2016) [JST 16a] , the authors derived generators for the function fields associated to certain low genus arithmetic surfaces realized through the action of the discrete Fuchsian group Γ 0 ( N ) + / { ± 1 } on the upper half plane. In particular, they construct modular forms which are analogs to the modular discriminant and the Klein j-invariant of the full modular group PSL ( 2 , Z ) . In this article, we produce effective and practical bounds for the Fourier coefficients in the q-expansion of such generators, thus allowing for rigorous numerical inspection of the generators.
Using New Media for Customer Interaction: A Challenge for Relationship Marketing

Direct interaction processes, geared towards contact maintenance and repeated transactions, are an integral part of the relationship marketing concept. New types of communication now available through the internet offer a number of new and promising opportunities for the intended dialogue. This applies in particular to company-controlled communication. This gives companies the ability to customize information with regard to the individual needs of a particular customer and to optimize the customer’s feedback opportunities. To achieve this, however, companies must satisfy demanding preconditions related to technology, personnel, organization and co-ordination. Companies also face a completely different challenge arising from customer-controlled internet communication. When customers publish their criticism of products and companies online and make their individual criticism the subject of global word of mouth, customer-customer communication becomes a real threat. In order to prevent serious damage to customer relationships, managers must monitor these communications carefully, analyze them, and react appropriately.
The Treatment of Distal Humerus Fractures

The goal of restoring normal, pain-free elbow function after a fracture of the distal humerus requires anatomic reconstruction of the articular surface, restitution of the overall geometry of the distal humerus and stable fixation of the fracture fragments to allow early and full rehabilitation [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Although these goals are now widely accepted by the orthopedic community, they may be technically difficult to achieve, especially in the presence of substantial osteoporosis or comminution [7].
Is Public Expenditure on Primary Education Effective? Evidence from Districts Across India

Against the background of international commitment to the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) for the universalization of primary education, this paper investigates the effectiveness of public spending on primary education outcomes in 115 districts across three states in India – Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Controlling for factors including per capita income, student-teacher ratio, and ratio of government to private primary schools, we find that primary educational spending has a negligible impact on enrollment rates, primary school transition rates, and performance of students on exams. Instead, districts with greater proportions of private primary schools are found to have consistently better outcomes. Higher per capita income is also correlated with some improved performance measures. Reducing the student-teacher ratio has no effect, a phenomenon possibly explained by rampant teacher absenteeism and lack of teacher motivation. Evidence from this study indicates that policymakers should seek alternatives to improve the quality of primary education, and determine how to achieve a more efficient and equitable allocation of educational funds.
Upper bound on tensor interaction in the decay π-→e-νγ

Abstract It is pointed out that a tensor four fermion interaction ( u R σ μν d L ) ( e rmR σ μν ν L ) produces through radiative corrections an interaction of the structure ( u R d L ) ( e R ν L , which is stronly limited by the decay π − →e − ν . The latter limit translates then into an upper bound of the strength of the tensor interaction which is at least two orders of magnitude lower than the value claimed by a recent measurement of the decay π − →e ν γ . Some aspects of a possible tensor interaction related to this bound are also discussed.
How the One Percent Came to Rule the World: Shakespeare, Long-Term Historical Narrative, and the Origins of Capitalism

This essay argues that it is time to resurrect the one sweeping historical narrative that connects us to the early modern period in a way that can serve an ethical, political purpose today. Shakespeare wrote when capitalism first emerged, and now we read Shakespeare when capitalism has gone global. For current practice in interpreting and teaching Shakespeare to find correspondence with the contemporary struggle against the 1 percent, we can focus on our linkage to Shakespeare’s time through the continuous history of capitalism’s expansion. The story of how capitalism and its class system began in Shakespeare’s day is part of the much bigger story of which all are a part as citizens of a neoliberal world system. The essay looks briefly at The Merchant of Venice and The Tempest to see how they offer, from our current, postmodern perspective, intimations of the long history leading to our current situation—when more than half of the world’s wealth is in the hands of 1 percent of the population and only eight multi-billionaires possess the same amount of wealth as the world’s poorest half.
Comparative metagenome-assembled genome analysis of Lachnovaginosum genomospecies, formerly known as BVAB1

Abstract Bacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacteria 1 (BVAB1) is an uncultured bacterial species found in the human vagina that belongs to the family Lachnospiraceae within the order Clostridiales, and as its name suggests, is often associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). In reproductive health, BV is of concern due to its associated risk for HIV, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquisition as well as preterm birth. BVAB1 has been shown to be associated with BV persistence after metronidazole treatment and increased vaginal inflammation, and to confer a higher risk of puerperal infections. To date, no genome of BVAB1 is available, which has made it difficult to understand its disease-associated features. We present here a comparative analysis of seven metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of BVAB1, derived from the cervicovaginal lavages of seven separate women. One metagenome was sequenced with long-read technology on a PacBio Sequel II instrument while the others were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The MAGs were 1.5-1.7 Mb long, encoding an average of 1,499 genes and had >98% average nucleotide identity to each other. CheckM-estimated genome completion was 98.2%. We propose to rename BVAB1 to Lachnovaginosum genomospecies based on a phylogenetic analysis, and provide genomic evidence that this species may metabolize D-lactate, produce trimethylamine (the chemical responsible for BV-associated odor), and be motile. These MAGs will be a valuable resource and will contribute to our understanding of the heterogenous etiologies of bacterial vaginosis.
Role of Valence Electrons in the Structure and Properties of Microclusters

One of the most exciting developments in clusters has been the discovery of magic numbers in the mass spectra of metallic clusters in beam experiments.1–3 For Nan clusters,1 these experiments show that the clusters containing 2, 8, 18, 20, 40... atoms are more dominant than other sizes. A simple model1–3 based on replacing the actual cluster ions by a Jellium of appropriate charge density and filling the electronic levels by the valence electrons shows that the magic numbers correspond to sizes where the valence electrons completely fill the jellium electron levels. The existence of magic species is therefore explained to be a purely electronic effect. It is also suggested that the magic species are geometrically spherical and the Clusters containing electrons which do not completely fill the jellium electronic levels undergo topological distortions to prolate or oblate shapes4 similar to the case of nuclei in the nuclear shell model.5 It is therefore clear that the number of valence electrons govern the shape, stability and the properties of the simple metal clusters.
Time Series Models

In this chapter we introduce the time series models in machine learning. These models are different in principle compared to most other models in the fact that the data that they work on is dynamic and is changing as a function of time. We will study some non-probabilistic techniques that are used to process such data including ARMA, ARIMA along with probabilistic techniques like hidden Markov models (HMM) and conditional random fields (CRF). Handling dynamic data is fundamentally different from dealing with static data, and needs a whole new perspective. In some cases dynamic data can be handled as static by taking snapshots of the data at specific times. However, this approach can only help to certain extent, and in order to solve the problems in dynamic data ultimately user needs to employ one of the techniques described here or deep neural networks as described in chapter dedicated on that topic.
Patient Science Informing Regulatory Decision-Making Across the Total Product Lifecycle (Conference Presentation)

A shift toward increased patient-centeredness is taking place in healthcare, from clinical care to medical product innovation, evaluation, and reimbursement decision-making. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) has engaged the scientific and patient communities in developing rigorous scientific methods to integrate patient input into regulatory decision-making. This patient input comes in several forms, including patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient preference information (PPI). These studies have helped identify unmet needs, develop novel endpoints, improve clinical investigation design, and inform the benefit-risk assessment.
Reviving the past to meet the needs of the present: John Henry Newman from 1835 to 1838

Between the years 1835 and 1838, arguably at the height of his influence within the Church of England, John Henry Newman was involved in three revivals. As a Tractarian leader, (1) he encouraged th...
52 – Differentiation Method

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the differentiation method applicable to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Sometimes differentiating an ordinary differential equation will result in an ordinary differential equation that is easier to solve. An ordinary differential equation is differentiated with respect to the independent variable. This yields a new equation that may sometimes factor, or be simplified in some other way. By considering each term in this new equation to be equal to zero, several possible solutions may be found. The general solution of each term must then be used in the original equation, possibly to constrain some of the parameters. This procedure is used to find the singular solutions to Clairaut's equation.
Adrenal SBRT: a multi-institutional review of treatment outcomes and toxicity

The adrenal glands are a common site of metastatic disease. Definitive treatment for oligometastatic disease using ablative radiotherapy is becoming common in modern radiation oncology practice. However, most data on the treatment of adrenal metastases are limited to single institution reports. Furthermore, delivering ablative radiotherapy doses to intra-abdominal lesions can be challenging due to the proximity of the gastrointestinal tract. We report the outcomes of a multi-institutional cohort of patients treated with definitive radiotherapy for adrenal metastases, primarily using 10 fraction regimens. Retrospective review of institutional databases revealed 29 lesions in 27 patients were treated from 2005 to 2018 at two institutions. Outcome data, including local control, disease-free, and overall survival were abstracted from the medical record system. Toxicity was graded using CTCAE v5.0. Detailed radiotherapy data was abstracted from the treatment planning systems. The median dose was 50 Gy in 10 fractions. Actuarial 1 and 2 year local control was 86% and 76% respectively. The median overall and disease-free survival were 22.8 and 5.6 months respectively. There were no associations identified between local failure and GTV and PTV physical or biologic effective dose. Two patients developed late Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. High dose radiotherapy to adrenal metastases is a feasible treatment with excellent local control and a reasonable safety profile. For lesions in close proximity to gastrointestinal structures, moderately hypofractionated 10 fraction regimens may be a reasonable compromise between local control and toxicity.
Incorporating Verb Semantic Information in Visual Question Answering Through Multitask Learning Paradigm

Visual Question Answering (VQA) concerns providing answers to Natural Language questions about images. Several deep neural network approaches have been proposed to model the task in an end-to-end f...
Role of inner solvation sheath within salt–solvent complexes in tailoring electrode/electrolyte interphases for lithium metal batteries

Functional electrolyte is the key to stabilize the highly reductive lithium (Li) metal anode and the high-voltage cathode for long-life, high-energy-density rechargeable Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, fundamental mechanisms on the interactions between reactive electrodes and electrolytes are still not well understood. Recently localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) are emerging as a promising electrolyte design strategy for LMBs. Here, we use LHCEs as an ideal platform to investigate the fundamental correlation between the reactive characteristics of the inner solvation sheath on electrode surfaces due to their unique solvation structures. The effects of a series of LHCEs with model electrolyte solvents (carbonate, sulfone, phosphate, and ether) on the stability of high-voltage LMBs are systematically studied. The stabilities of electrodes in different LHCEs indicate the intrinsic synergistic effects between the salt and the solvent when they coexist on electrode surfaces. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal an intriguing general rule that the strong interactions between the salt and the solvent in the inner solvation sheath promote their intermolecular proton/charge transfer reactions, which dictates the properties of the electrode/electrolyte interphases and thus the battery performances.
Lawyering the Presidency

Among its many profound effects on American life, the Trump presidency has triggered a surge of interest in the project of law reform to better check the exercise of presidential power. Yet these reform efforts arise against a wholly unsettled debate about the function and effectiveness of existing checks, perhaps none more so than the role of executive branch legal counsel. With courts often deferential, and Congress hamstrung by partisan polarization, scholars have drawn on the experiences of executive branch lawyers to assess whether counsel functions as part of an “internal separation of powers” form of constraint. Yet while these descriptive accounts are invaluable, they are also limited to the attorney side of an attorney-client relationship, leaving much unanswered about whether and why presidential advisors might heed their advice. And while the search for signs of “constraint” is essential, this conceptual framing risks obscuring other ways in which counsel may influence decision-making that might prove essential for reformers to address if they are to achieve the change they seek. Aiming to help fill these gaps, this Article draws on an original survey of more than three dozen former senior U.S. security policy officials, from the Cabinet Secretary level at the most senior, to National Security Council staff at the most junior, to examine when and why policy-making clients engage counsel’s advice surrounding the use of force, and whether and how that advice may shape or reshape policymakers’ existing normative preferences. The depth and bipartisan breadth of officials’ internal sense of obligation to engage counsel described here suggests that the existing literature may be underestimating counsel’s capacity to influence. At the same time, as this Article describes, counsel is structurally capable of exerting that influence in multi-directional ways. Where policymakers’ own normative instincts lead them to want to avoid external limits on executive power, counsel’s insistence that such limits be observed can at times “constrain” executive action. But where, as may also sometimes arise, policymakers would prefer more external checks on presidential behavior, receiving counsel’s permission not to may have an unintentionally encouraging effect. Indeed, where the availability of politically palatable justifications may be a means of avoiding action, the unavailability of a narrowing construction of presidential authority may deprive officials of an effectively action-limiting out. As this Article concludes, if the post-Trump goal is to improve counsel’s function as a “constraint” on power, reforms beyond simply increasing transparency or quality will be required.
3D Human Pose Estimation Using WiFi Signals

This paper presents GoPose, a 3D skeleton-based human pose estimation system that uses commodity WiFi devices at home. Our system leverages the WiFi signals reflected off the human body for 3D pose estimation. In contrast to prior systems that need dedicated sensors, our system does not require a user to wear any sensors and can reuse the WiFi devices that already exist in a home environment for mass adoption. To realize such a system, we leverage the 2D AoA estimation of the signals reflected from the human body and the deep learning techniques. Preliminary results show GoPose achieves a high accuracy of 4.5cm in various scenarios.
The force of wilderness within the ubiquity of cyberspace

Wilderness and cyberspace are opposites and yet are poorly defined and set off against each other. Wilderness, in fact, is enveloped by cyberspace and so seems to have become disposable and replaceable. The legal delimitation of wilderness requires us, however, to stop and consider how to cross over into it, and if entered thoughtfully, the wilderness can teach us to recognize how, within cyberspace, it has attained a new kind of sacred force.
Parallel data mining from multicore to cloudy grids

We describe a suite of data mining tools that cover clustering, information retrieval and the mapping of high dimensional data to low dimensions for visualization. Preliminary applications are given to particle physics, bioinformatics and medical informatics. The data vary in dimension from low (220), high (thousands) to undefined (sequences with dissimilarities but not vectors defined). We use deterministic annealing to provide more robust algorithms that are relatively insensitive to local minima. We discuss the algorithm structure and their mapping to parallel architectures of different types and look at the performance of the algorithms on three classes of system; multicore, cluster and Grid using a MapReduce style algorithm. Each approach is suitable in different application scenarios. We stress that data analysis/mining of large datasets can be a supercomputer application.
Psychological resilience in older U.S. veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.

BACKGROUND: Although a large body of empirical research has examined negative psychological outcomes in older veterans, relatively little is known about the prevalence and determinants of psychological resilience in this population. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 2,025 U.S. veterans aged 60 and older (mean = 71.0, standard deviation = 7.1, range = 60-96) completed a web-based survey as part of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Cluster analysis of measures of lifetime potentially traumatic events, and current PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety symptoms was used to classify psychological outcomes. RESULTS: A three-group solution best fit the data: Control (low number of lifetime traumas, low current psychological distress; 60.4%); Resilient (high number of lifetime traumas, low current psychological distress; 27.5%); and distressed (high number of lifetime traumas, high current psychological distress; 12.1%). Among older veterans with a high number of traumas, 69.5% were in the Resilient group. Compared to the Distressed group, the Resilient group was more likely to have college or higher level of education, and to be married or living with a partner. They also scored higher on measures of emotional stability, social connectedness (i.e., secure attachment style, social support), protective psychosocial characteristics (e.g., community integration, purpose in life), and positive perceptions of the military's effect on one's life; and lower on measures of physical health difficulties and psychiatric problems, and openness to experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Among older U.S. veterans who have endured a high number of traumas in their lifetimes, nearly 70% are psychologically resilient in later life. Prevention efforts targeted toward bolstering social connectedness, community integration, and purpose in life may help promote psychological resilience in older veterans who endured a significant number of traumas in their lives. Language: en
Incorporation of magnesium into rat dental enamel and its influence on crystallization

Abstract The incorporation of magnesium into the enamel of immature rats was studied by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. Magnesium solutions were injected subcutaneously and later intra-orally into growing rats. Increased magnesium was detected in the enamel at the late developmental stage, and a delay in enamel mineralization resulted from increased magnesium uptake. Incisai enamel from the Mg-injected rats had significant line-broadening on X-ray diffraction, characteristic of poorly crystallized enamel.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Based Zn(II) Halide Electrolytes

Abstract : Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based Zn(II) halide electrolytes with optimized compositions exhibit rather high conductivities compared to other PEO solutions of divalent cation salts. Chemical diffusion studies have clearly demonstrated that both Zn(II) and Br(-I) are mobile. It appears that Zn(H) cations occur in two forms, one associated with the ether oxygens and another associated with the anions. It is reasonable that the former should be less mobile than the latter. Regrettably, quantitative measurement of the transference number and diffusion coefficients of the charge carriers using elecrochemical techniques proved difficult Other measurements found that the value of Tg for the completely amorphous forms of the electrolytes increases linearly with the mole ration of (Zn) (O), indicating that Zn(II) cations interact with ether oxygens in the PEO chains to form inter- and/or intrachain cross-links. Poly(Ethylene oxide), Zn(II) Halide electrolytes, Divalent cation salts, Cations, Anions, Mole ration, Transference number, Diffusion coefficients, Charge carriers, Interchain and intrachain cross-links.
Improvement of mammographic lesion detection by fusion of information from different views

In screening mammography, two standard views, craniocaudal (CC) and medio-lateral oblique (MLO), are commonly taken, and radiologists use information from the two views for lesion detection and diagnosis. Current computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are designed to detect lesions on each view separately. We are developing a CAD method that utilizes information from the two views to reduce false-positives (FPs). Our two-view detection scheme consists of two main stages, a one-view pre-screening stage and a two-view correspondence stage. The one-view and two-view scores are then fused to estimate the likelihood that an object is a true mass. In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of the proposed fusion scheme for FP reduction and its dependence on the number of objects per image in the pre-screening stage. The preliminary results demonstrate that the fusion of information from the CC and MLO views significantly reduced the FP rate in comparison to the one-view scheme. When the pre-screening stage produced 10 objects per image, the two-view fusion technique reduced the FP rate from an average of 2.1 FPs/image in our current one-view CAD scheme to 1.2 FPs/image at a sensitivity of 80%. The results also indicate that the improvement in the detection accuracy was essentially independent of the number of initial objects per image obtained at the pre-screening stage for this data set.
Game Theoretic Study of Cooperative Spectrum Leasing in Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, a novel property-right spectrum leasing solution based on Stackelberg game is proposed for Cognitive Radio Networks CRN, where part of the secondary users present probabilistic dishonest behavior. In this model, the Primary User PU as the spectrum owner allows the Secondary User SU to access the shared spectrum for a fraction of time in exchange for providing cooperative relaying service by the SU. A reputation based mechanism is proposed that enables the PU to monitor the cooperative behavior of the SUs and restrict its search space at each time slot to the secondary users that do not present dishonest behavior in the proceeding time slots. The proposed reputation-based solution outperforms the classical Stackelberg games from both primary and reliable secondary users' perspectives. This novel method of filtering out unreliable users increases the PU's expected utility over consecutive time slots and also encourages the SUs to follow the game rule.
Needle biopsy of the liver during abdominal surgery.

Biopsy of the liver by wedge resection during abdominal surgery is occasionally attended with difficulty and may fail to obtain satisfactory tissue because of the atypical nature of the free margin of the liver; for these and other reasons, it is frequently not performed when indicated. Needle biopsy of the liver during abdominal surgery is simple and rapid; any bleeding is easily controlled, and the specimen obtained is not only adequate in size, but contains fewer artefacts than those obtained by wedge resection. An instrument for needle biopsy of the liver during abdominal surgery has been described and its use discussed.
The use of the EEG to predict outcome in premature infants with positive sharp waves.

The goal of this study was to investigate the factors that could predict prognosis in 51 premature infants with positive sharp waves on their EEGs (gestational age 23-36 wks) with 114 tracings. Follow-up clinical examinations were conducted, up to 10 yrs later. Death occurred in 18%, from a non-CNS cause, either sepsis or a congenital cardiac or pulmonary defect. A severe outcome was seen in 8% and was related to maternal i.v. drug abuse (IVDA) and the presence of many positive sharp waves. A moderate outcome, noted in 29%, was associated with a Grade III-IV intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and maternal IVDA. A mild outcome seen in 20% was related to infrequent positive sharp waves, vaginal delivery and an improving EEG over time, while a normal outcome (26%) was also related to infrequent discharges, a normalized EEG over time, a normal sonogram and the absence of clinical seizures. The addition of negative sharp waves to the positive ones and the addition of central to temporal positive sharp waves were associated less often with a normal outcome. The general conclusion of this study was that various aspects of positive sharp waves in premature infants, in addition to other factors, can be used to predict outcome in these neonates.
Creating targeted initial populations for genetic product searches in heterogeneous markets

Genetic searches often use randomly generated initial populations to maximize diversity and enable a thorough sampling of the design space. While many of these initial configurations perform poorly, the trade-off between population diversity and solution quality is typically acceptable for small-scale problems. Navigating complex design spaces, however, often requires computationally intelligent approaches that improve solution quality. This article draws on research advances in market-based product design and heuristic optimization to strategically construct ‘targeted’ initial populations. Targeted initial designs are created using respondent-level part-worths estimated from discrete choice models. These designs are then integrated into a traditional genetic search. Two case study problems of differing complexity are presented to illustrate the benefits of this approach. In both problems, targeted populations lead to computational savings and product configurations with improved market share of preferenc...
Influence of Dietary Protein on Amino Acid Composition of Egg Shells

Abstract Egg shells were collected from eggs produced by hens fed isocaloric rations containing 12, 14, 16, or 18% protein. The membranes were removed and the shells were acid hydrolyzed and analyzed in a Beckman Model 120 C Amino Acid Analyzer. Duplicate runs were averaged. Our results showed that protein level of the ration had no influence on quantitative or qualitative makeup of the amino acids in egg shells.
Use of inorganic fiber filter paper in gravimetric microanalysis

Filter mats for filtersticks, filter tubes, andGooch crucibles are easily prepared with the use of filter papers made of glass fibers or fibers of vitreous silica. The reliability of such filter mats for the purpose of quantitative micro analysis has been tested with silica fiber paper which is somewhat more difficult to use, but permits high ignition temperatures.
Erosional response of South China to arc rifting and monsoonal strengthening; a record from the South China Sea

Abstract Ocean Drilling Program sampling of the distal passive margin of South China at Sites 1147 and 1148 has yielded clay-rich hemipelagic sediments dating to 32 Ma (Oligocene), just prior to the onset of seafloor spreading in the South China Sea. The location of the drill sites offshore the Pearl River suggests that this river, or its predecessor, may have been the source of the sediment in the basin, which accounts for only ∼1.8% of the total Neogene sediment in the Asian marginal seas. A mean erosion depth of ∼1 km over the current Pearl River drainage basin is sufficient to account for the sediment volume on the margin. Two-dimensional backstripping of across-margin seismic profiles shows that sedimentation rates peaked during the middle Miocene (11–16 Ma) and the Pleistocene (since 1.8 Ma). Nd isotopic analysis of clays yielded ϵNd values of −7.7 to −11.0, consistent with the South China Block being the major source of sediment. More positive ϵNd values during and shortly after rifting compared to later sedimentation reflect preferential erosion at that time of more juvenile continental arc rocks exposed along the margin. As the drainage basin developed and erosion shifted from within the rift to the continental interior ϵNd values became more negative. A rapid change in the clay mineralogy from smectite-dominated to illite-dominated at ∼15.5 Ma, synchronous with middle Miocene rapid sedimentation, mostly reflects a change to a wetter, more erosive climate. Evidence that the elevation of the Tibetan Plateau and erosion in the western Himalaya both peaked close to this time supports the suggestion that the Asian monsoon became much more intense at that time, much earlier than the 8.5 Ma age commonly accepted.
Serial killer: angiotensin drives cardiac hypertrophy via TGF-β1

Fie! what an indirect and peevish course.... —Shakespeare, Richard III How a seemingly simple signal — work load — becomes transduced into long-term structural, functional, and molecular responses that sustain or impair the performance of the heart is the defining enigma in cardiac hypertrophy (1, 2). Much is now known of this ensemble of responses, which encompass dozens if not hundreds of changes in cardiac gene expression, including sarcomeric proteins, ion pumps and channels, enzymes, and peptide growth factors and cytokines. These last, soluble, factors provide opportunity for both feedback and feed-forward relationships and are attractive, conceptually, as at least a partial explanation of the hypertrophic phenotype. First, growth factor signaling cascades are better understood in fundamental terms than is mechanical signal transduction, especially given the present lack of clarity as to how and where load is sensed in the heart. Second, secreted signals provide an intuitively plausible explanation for the cross-talk among cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, and the vasculature. Third, secreted signals provide a readily exploited site for therapeutic intervention: interfering with ligand-receptor interaction.
Transient Infrared Characterization of Oxygen Storage Capability of Ce−Pd/Al2O3 Catalyst during NO−CO Reaction

Oxygen storage and its effects on the adsorbates during NO−CO reaction have been studied by sequential pulsing of CO/O2/CO into an NO−CO reactant stream over Pd/Al2O3 and Ce−Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. The adsorbates and reaction effluent were monitored concurrently by in situ infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, respectively. It was found that the presence of ceria minimized the impact of O2 and CO on the adsorbates over the Ce−Pd/Al2O3 catalyst at 673 K. This effect diminished at 573 and 473 K along with its storage capacity. Storage capacity is directly proportional to temperature in the range 473−673 K. Oxygen storage occurs differently in the presence of NO−CO than in an inert helium/argon environment, which has been used widely as the medium to study O2 storage on ceria-based catalysts. The presence of the reactants and their adsorbates on the catalyst surface leads O2 and CO to adsorb and react on the ceria surface prior to the Pd0 surface at 673 K. In addition, O2 pulses at 573 and 473 K, unlike t...
The Marketing Institution by Ralph F. Breyer (1934)

Purpose – The purpose of this review is to examine an early marketing textbook for its insights into concepts and theory that may have relevance today. Design/methodology/approach – To examine the book in light of the commentary provided by numerous scholars over the decades since its publication. Findings – The latter half of the book, about the marketing implications of the “New Deal” response to the “Great Recession” of the 1930s, is out of date; however, the first half offers an insightful analysis of the marketing system and the rudiments of a general theory of marketing. Research limitations/implications – Providing a rationale for marketing systems and core concepts for building a general theory of marketing, the book therefore has much to recommend it to students of marketing thought and theory. Originality/value – This book was first reviewed some 80 years ago. With a longer time horizon, and the additional comments by numerous scholars in the historical literature, a more meaningful appraisal of...
A retrospective comparison of the management of recalcitrant lateral elbow tendinosis: platelet-rich plasma injections versus surgery

Background The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections to surgical release and decortication for lateral elbow tendinosis within a similar patient population.
Heavy quark symmetry in nonleptonic B decays to excited charmed mesons

We show in a model independent way the equality of the branching fractions and strong phases for B{yields}D{sub 1}M and B{yields}D{sub 2}*M at leading order in {lambda}{sub QCD}/Q and {alpha}{sub s}(Q) where Q={l_brace}m{sub b},m{sub c},E{sub M}{r_brace} and M is a light meson. These results apply in the color allowed and color suppressed channels and follow from a factorization theorem in soft-collinear effective theory combined with heavy quark symmetry. The expected heavy quark symmetry suppression of leading order contributions in the color allowed sector based on analysis of semileptonic decays is shown to disappear at maximum recoil. Subleading corrections are suppressed by at least one power of {lambda}{sub QCD}/Q and this is explicitly verified for subleading semileptonic form factors at maximum recoil.
Growth spirals in GaAs grown by liquid phase epitaxy

Abstract A variety of spiral growth patterns have been observed even using an optical microscope on the (111), ( 1 1 1 ) and (100) faces of GaAs grown by liquid phase epitaxy. In these experiments, Si was generally used as a dopant, Cr was also used in several cases. The presence of these dopants is necessary for revealing the spiral patterns. Experiment using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray microanalyzer showed that the edges of the spirals are decorated by Si itself or by a Si-rich compound. The diversity of interaction patterns between spirals observed in these experiments is reminiscent of SiC.
An application of multisurface plasticity theory : Yield surfaces of textured materials

Abstract Directionally dependent descriptions of material yield as determined by polycrystal plasticity computations are discrete in nature and, in principle, are available for use in large-scale application calculations employing multi-dimensional continuum mechanics codes. However, the practical side of using such detailed yield surfaces in application calculations contains some challenges in terms of algorithm development and computational efficiency. Pole figures, commonly measured by X-ray diffraction, are used to portray the distribution of crystallographic grain orientations in a polycrystalline material. The calculated orientation distribution can then be used to weight a set of discrete orientations to generate a representation of the measured texture. This discrete representation can be probed in the context of a Taylor—Bishop—Hill polycrystal calculation in order to assemble a set of deviatoric stress points that discretely map out the material's yield surface. These stress points can be fitted or tessellated into a multi-dimensional piece-wise linear representation of the yield surface for subsequent use in a continuum code constitutive algorithm. Such an algorithm that utilizes an associated flow based multisurface plasticity theory has been implemented in the three dimensional portion of the EPIC continuum mechanics code and is described in this effort.