cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Choriocarcinoma in vitro: evidence for exchange of enzymes between culture medium and cells.

Summaryβ-Glucuronidase and hexosaminidase isoenzyme patterns of choriocarcinoma in culture are similar to those of placenta. We present evidence for an exchange of enzymes between the culture medium and choriocarcinoma cells. The β-glucuronidase pattern for choriocarcinoma grown in medium supplemented with horse serum has a component, not found in placenta, with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the single band of horse serum β-glucuronidase. Hexosaminidase activity in the culture medium removed was 40% higher than the medium added to the culture. The suggestion is made that the extra β-glucuronidase isoenzyme is derived from the serum supplement of the culture medium and that the increase in hexosaminidase activity in the medium removed from the culture is consistent with the release of this enzyme from the cells.
Optical Properties and Persistent Spectral Hole Burning of Near Infrared-Absorbing Hollow Gold Nanospheres

We report on the characteristics and mechanism of persistent spectral hole burning of hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) with near IR (NIR) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption induced by femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. The HGNs were exposed to pulsed laser light at 810 nm, on resonance with their absorption band, at various laser powers while the total photon flux incident on the samples was kept constant. Depletion of HGNs responsible for 830 nm absorption was observed while simultaneous growth of bluer-absorbing HGNs, solid gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), or a mixture thereof was observed. This occurred only with fs pulsed laser irradiation and did not occur with continuous wave (CW) laser irradiation. Based on combined UV−vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy data, the mechanism behind the persistent hole burning with fs laser irradiation is proposed to involve two possible processes: (i) conversion of NIR-absorbing HGNs to bluer-absorbing HGNs, and (ii) breakdown of NIR-absorbing HGNs in...
Using Integrated Multiple Microscopies to Monitor the Kinetics of SYTO 16 Dye Uptake during the Germination of Single Bacterial Spores

We present a methodology that combines fluorescence microscopy, phase contrast microscopy and laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy to monitor the kinetics of uptake of the nucleic acid dye SYTO 16 during germination of individual bacterial spores.
A Review of Preaching on Wax: The Phonograph and the Shaping of Modern African American Religion

Martin, Lerone A. (2014). Preaching on Wax: The Phonograph and the Shaping of Modern African American Religion. New York: New York University Press, 240 pp., $79.00.On Wednesday, January 14, 1925, ...
Analysis on Infectious Diseases in Schools of Gulou District in Nanjing City from 2006 to 2009

[Objective]To understand the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in primary and middle school students,provide the scientific basis for making the control strategies.[Methods]The epidemic data derived from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed.[Results]From 2006 to 2009,1 720 cases of 18 species of infectious diseases in primary and middle school students were reported.The top three diseases were epidemic parotitis,varicella and influenza,which accounted for 52.33%,14.83% and 14.13% of total cases respectively.Because 90.93% of total cases were respiratory diseases,there was obvious peak in winter and spring.80.14% of cases were primary school students.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the information communication between departments,integrate symptom monitoring and disease surveillance system,adopt comprehensive measures on prevention and control of respiratory diseases,and improve the disease prevention and control capabilities and level in schools.
Tests of sperm function for evaluation of the male: Penetrak and Tru-Trax

Objective To evaluate the Penetrak (Serono Laboratories, Norwell, MA) and Tru-Trax (Humagen, Charlottesville, VA) bovine cervical mucus (CM) penetration assays and to correlate results to parameters of semen analysis and male factor diagnosis. Design Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study. Participants Two hundred thirty-six males undergoing evaluation for male factor infertility and 37 fertile semen donors. Main Outcome Measures Human sperm penetration in bovine CM measured by the Penetrak and Tru-Trax assay systems correlated to sperm density, motility, forward progression, and clinical diagnosis. Results Two parameters of semen analysis, motility and density were correlated to the distance traversed by the vanguard sperm in both Penetrak and Tru-Trax assays. Penetrak results were significantly correlated to male factor infertility diagnosis. Conclusions Both assays were reliable and highly reproducible, and the Tru-Trax assay was correlated to its predecessor, Penetrak. Although Penetrak and Tru-Trax were correlated to motility and density, no correlation coefficient was >0.6, suggesting that these assays measure a facet of sperm function that is independent of semen analysis.
Assessment of the Timing of Daily Peak Streamflow during the Melt Season in a Snow-Dominated Watershed

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that gauge-observed daily streamflow peak times (DPTs) during spring snowmelt can exhibit distinct temporal shifts through the season. These shifts have been attributed to three processes: 1) melt flux translation through the snowpack or percolation, 2) surface and subsurface flow of melt from the base of snowpacks to streams, and 3) translation of water flux in the streams to stream gauging stations. The goal of this study is to evaluate and quantify how these processes affect observed DPTs variations at the Reynolds Mountain East (RME) research catchment in southwest Idaho, United States. To accomplish this goal, DPTs were simulated for the RME catchment over a period of 25 water years using a modified snowmelt model, iSnobal, and a hydrology model, the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM). The influence of each controlling process was then evaluated by simulating the DPT with and without the process under consideration. Both intra- and interseasonal variabil...
Two-Dimensional Wave Equations and Wave Characteristics

A practicing coastal engineer must have a basic and relatively easy to use theory that defines the important characteristics of two-dimensional waves. This theory is required in order to analyze changes in the characteristics of a wave as it propagates from the deep sea to the shore. Also, this theory will be used as a building block to describe more complex sea wave spectra. Such a theory—the small amplitude wave theory—is presented in this chapter along with related material needed to adequately describe the characteristics and behavior of twodimensional waves.
Molecular Interactions of Lipopolysaccharide with an Outer Membrane Protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Probed by Solution NMR.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen causing pneumonias that are particularly severe in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. The outer membrane (OM) of P. aeruginosa is much less permeable to nutrients and other chemical compounds than that of Escherichia coli. The low permeability of the OM, which also contributes to Pseudomonas’ significant antibiotic resistance, is augmented by the presence of the outer membrane protein H (OprH). OprH directly interacts with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that constitute the outer leaflet of the OM and thus contributes to the structural stability of the OM. In this study, we used solution NMR spectroscopy to characterize the interactions between LPS and OprH in molecular detail. NMR chemical shift perturbations observed upon the addition of LPS to OprH in DHPC micelles indicate that this interaction is predominantly electrostatic and localized to the extracellular loops 2 and 3 and a number of highly conserved basic residues near the extracel...
Predicting variation in subject thermal response during transcranial magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery: Comparison in seventeen subject datasets

Purpose: In transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) treatments, the acoustic and spatial heterogeneity of the skull cause reflection, absorption, and scattering of the acoustic beams. These effects depend on skull-specific parameters and can lead to patient-specific thermal responses to the same transducer power. In this work, the authors develop a simulation tool to help predict these different experimental responses using 3D heterogeneous tissue models based on the subject CT images. The authors then validate and compare the predicted skull efficiencies to an experimental metric based on the subject thermal responses during tcMRgFUS treatments in a dataset of seventeen human subjects. Methods: Seventeen human head CT scans were used to create tissue acoustic models, simulating the effects of reflection, absorption, and scattering of the acoustic beam as it propagates through a heterogeneous skull. The hybrid angular spectrum technique was used to model the acoustic beam propagation of the InSightec ExAblate 4000 head transducer for each subject, yielding maps of the specific absorption rate (SAR). The simulation assumed the transducer was geometrically focused to the thalamus of each subject, and the focal SAR at the target was used as a measure of the simulated skull efficiency. Experimental skull efficiency for each subject was calculated using the thermal temperature maps from the tcMRgFUS treatments. Axial temperature images (with no artifacts) were reconstructed with a single baseline, corrected using a referenceless algorithm. The experimental skull efficiency was calculated by dividing the reconstructed temperature rise 8.8 s after sonication by the applied acoustic power. Results: The simulated skull efficiency using individual-specific heterogeneous models predicts well (R2 = 0.84) the experimental energy efficiency. Conclusions: This paper presents a simulation model to predict the variation in thermal responses measured in clinical ctMRGFYS treatments while being computationally feasible.
On size and magnetics: Why small efficient power inductors are rare

Of the three main component types needed in power converters—switches, capacitors and inductors—the most difficult to integrate on a semiconductor chip or in a planar package is the inductors. This difficulty arises partly from process compatibility challenges with magnetic materials, and is exacerbated by the fact that, because most types of electronics don't need inductors, there has been relatively little development effort. But a more fundamental challenge is the way magnetics performance scales with size. Capacitors and semiconductor devices can be made from thousands of small cells connected in parallel, but that approach would severely undercut the performance of magnetic components. Scaling relationships for magnetics are explored to demonstrate the inherent difficulty of small size and low profile magnetics. Cases considered include those with winding designs limited by skin and proximity effect and those constrained by efficiency and thermal dissipation. Small-scale magnetic components are typically limited by efficiency rather than heat dissipation. With efficiency constrained, and considering high frequency winding loss effects, it is shown that power density typically scales as the linear dimension scaling factor to the fifth power.
Adverse Effects of Topiramate

The effectiveness and safety of topiramate in 87 children with intractable epilepsy treated at three Canadian Centers were evaluated at the IWK-Grace Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Raymond Davis 1914–2006

Ray Davis, who shared the 2002 Nobel prize for first observing neutrinos emitted from the nuclear fusion reactions in the core of the Sun, died on 31 May at the age of 91.
Analysis of Harmonic Oscillation Synchronization for the Single-mass Nonlinear System under Harmonic Wave Sharp Resonance Condition

Based on the dynamic model of single mass nonlinear system,the necessary conditions of harmonic oscillation synchronization motion are deduced,under harmonic wave sharp resonance (main resonant frequency ratio z = 0.95～1.05) condition and dual vibration exciters rotating in opposite direction are moving at the balance singular point. Using the numerical simulation,the valid of the harmonic oscillation synchronization conditions are investigated under different initial conditions. The process of theoretical derivation,consequence of simulation tests and actual tests data indicate that if the systemic characteristic parameter remain constant,the vibration synchronization phenomena of single-mass nonlinear system under harmonic wave sharp resonance condition have direct relationship with the harmonic wave sharp resonance order p/q,and harmonic oscillation synchronization order n/m. But the harmonic oscillation synchronization phenomena of the dual vibration exciters only occur at a certain radio of p/q and n/m which conform to the specific mechanical characteristic conditions of nonlinear system. And they also indicate that the realization of system main resonance synchronization is far easier than system harmonic oscillation synchronization. This research provides theoretical support and test basis for further exploitation of efficient and energy-saving nonlinear sharp resonance shaker.
pH Dependence of the Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde Hydration Equilibrium: Implications for Atmospheric Light Absorbance

Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (IC) has been identified as an aqueous “brown carbon” absorber and a possible atmospheric photosensitizer. IC exists in a pH-dependent equilibrium between its aldehyde and geminal diol form; the diol form is the dominant species in solution at pH <5. Calculated molar absorptivity coefficients are 13700 ± 200 cm–1 M–1 at 287 nm for the aldehyde and 7800 ± 100 cm–1 M–1 at 212 nm for the diol. This shift from aldehyde to diol changes the peak light absorption of the aqueous solution from 287 to 212 nm, which is beyond the actinic range and may have implications for radiative forcing. The observed pH-dependent shift in the hydration equilibrium of IC is driven by the interaction between its hydration and protonation equilibria. Calculated pKa values are 2.5 ± 0.4 and 5.94 ± 0.05 for the aldehyde and diol, respectively, and are consistent with the trend toward increasing diol as the pH decreases. The acid–base equilibrium affects both the solubility and the major species in solution ...
The Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by focal inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury. The etiology of MS is still uncertain, but the most updated working model for disease pathogenesis proposes the interplay between genetic and environmental factors as necessary for MS manifestation. With the notable exception of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the identity of MS genetic determinants has been elusive for decades. In recent years, the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and collaborative efforts among international centers have fueled the characterization of several non-MHC loci associated with MS susceptibility. To date, after a number of GWAS screenings, 110 MS risk variants have been discovered outside the MHC locus in European populations. In the future, functional studies will be required to define the biological pathways and cellular activities connected to these variants.
Building Multicultural Awareness in University Students Using Synchronous Technology

To explore the potential for building multicultural awareness in university students using synchronous technology, faculty members from an American regional state university and a Chinese regional university collaborated to find appropriate ways to integrate synchronous technology (e.g., Adobe Connect) into a teacher education program in the American university and in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) program in China. The paper reports the collaborative efforts during the spring 2016 semester using Adobe Connect to enrich student learning at both sites. This report includes the project overview, project implementation, its evaluation framework, and initial findings.
Psychological Stress and Functional Amenorrhea

After completing this chapter, you should have an understanding of the following: • The definition of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). • The causes of FHA. • The importance of seeking medical attention for this condition. • The long-term medical consequences of low estrogen levels.
The emperor's new drugs: medication and placebo in the treatment of depression

Antidepressants are supposed to work by fixing a chemical imbalance, specifically, a lack of serotonin in the brain. Indeed their supposed effectiveness is the primary evidence for the chemical imbalance theory. But analyses of the published data and the unpublished data that were hidden by the drug companies reveal that most (if not all) of the benefits are due to the placebo effect. Some antidepressants increase serotonin levels, some decrease it, and some have no effect at all on serotonin. Nevertheless, they all show the same therapeutic benefit. Even the small statistical difference between antidepressants and placebos may be an enhanced placebo effect, due to the fact that most patients and doctors in clinical trials successfully break blind. The serotonin theory is as close to any theory in the history of science having been proved wrong. Instead of curing depression, popular antidepressants may induce a biological vulnerability making people more likely to become depressed in the future.
Elevated Temperature Deformation and Fracture of Ingot and Powder Processed Aluminum Alloys

ABSTRACT Elevated temperature flow and fracture studies have been carried out on both ingot and powder processed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7000) series aluminum alloys. Ingot metallurgy materials were subjected to a thermomechanical processing treatment in order to produce a grain size similar to that present in the powder processed materials. Tensile specimens were subjected to high temperature testing in air in order to determine elevated temperature flow properties. Strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress, and elongation to fracture were the parameters of interest. Microstructure was determined by both optical and transmission electron microscopy methods. These results, together with those derived from scanning electron microscopy studies of the fracture surfaces, were correlated to the elevated temperature flow and fracture properties. Results of tests conducted on wrought materials and on powder materials fabricated by two different routes indicate that for a given grain size, flow stress, and strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress, may not be significantly affected by fabrication method. Ductility, as measured by strain to fracture is significantly influenced by fabrication methods, however, with the wrought material showing the greatest ductility. The extent of ductility exhibited by the powder processed material is governed by the details of fabrication method and the resultant grain boundary structure. Details will be provided in this paper.
Anterior segment physiology after bumetanide inhibition of Na-K-Cl cotransport.

Purpose. To determine the effect of bumetanide inhibition of Na-K-Cl cotransport on aqueous humor formation and outflow facility in living cynomolgus monkeys, outflow facility in organcultured human eyes, and contraction in bovine ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork strips, in vitro. Methods. Aqueous humor formation in monkeys was measured fluorophotometrically for 6 hours, 1 to 6 weeks before, immediately after, and 2 to 6 weeks after bumetanide was administered intravitreally (final concentration ~100 or 500 /iM) or intravenously (0.01 or 0.03 mg/ kg at 0 and 3 hours). Outflow facility in monkeys was determined by two-level, constantpressure perfusion of the anterior chamber for 45 to 60 minutes before and after bumetanide was administered by bolus intracameral injection (100 fjM, initial anterior chamber concentration) or by exchanging the anterior chamber with 2 ml 10, 100, or 500 fj,M bumetanide. Urine volume was measured 3 hours after administration of intravenous bumetanide in various diluents. The effect on intraocular pressure in organ-cultured human eyes was determined for 48 hours by constant-flow-variable-pressure perfusion with 10 fjM bumetanide. Contraction of fresh bovine ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork was measured isometrically with a forcelength transducer system after exposure to 100 fjM bumetanide ± 1 fjM carbachol. Results. The bumetanide concentrations used had litde effect on outflow facility or on aqueous humor formation in normal monkeys, on intraocular pressure in organ-cultured human eyes, or on contraction of bovine ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork strips. Intravenous bumetanide increased urine volume, regardless of the diluent used. Conclusions. These results suggest that Na-K-Cl cotransport is not involved functionally in regulation of aqueous humor inflow and outflow and in contractility of ciliary muscle and trabecular meshwork. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997:38; 1700-1707. INa-K-Cl cotransporters are membrane proteins that transport Na, K, and Cl into and out of cells in an electrically neutral manner. They appear to be important in the maintenance and regulation of cell volume and of ion gradients. Characteristic features of this cotransport include an absolute requirement for all three ion species, and specific inhibition by "loop"
Mutants of Biological Rhythms and Conditioned Behavior in Drosophila Courtship

We use genetic variants to perturb courtship and mating behavior in Drosophila. Our purpose is to find out how these complex actions of the flies are controlled—genetically and neurally—and to add to knowledge that is accumulating on the significance of the genes that we and other investigators are manipulating. Most of the pertinent background information, from our work and that of many others, is reviewed in Hall (1981, 1982), Spieth and Ringo (1983), and Quinn and Greenspan (1984).
Using active learning to synthesize models of applications that access databases

We present Konure, a new system that uses active learning to infer models of applications that access relational databases. Konure comprises a domain-specific language (each model is a program in this language) and associated inference algorithm that infers models of applications whose behavior can be expressed in this language. The inference algorithm generates inputs and database configurations, runs the application, then observes the resulting database traffic and outputs to progressively refine its current model hypothesis. Because the technique works with only externally observable inputs, outputs, and database configurations, it can infer the behavior of applications written in arbitrary languages using arbitrary coding styles (as long as the behavior of the application is expressible in the domain-specific language). Konure also implements a regenerator that produces a translated Python implementation of the application that systematically includes relevant security and error checks.
Intrinsic Information Preferences and Skewness

We present experimental results from a broad investigation of intrinsic preferences for information. We examine whether people prefer negatively skewed or positively skewed information structures, and how individual preferences over the skewness and the degree of information relate to one another. The results reveal new insights regarding intrinsic preferences for information, including the possibility that positively skewed information structures may ameliorate information avoidance arising from a desire to preserve hope. We discuss our findings through the lens of existing theories.
The tidal volume fix

Prior to publication of the ARDSNet trial of tidal volumes (VT) (1), traditional mechanical ventilation often employed VT of 10–15 mL/kg of unadjusted body weight. While these volumes had long been noted to exceed those of healthy subjects [who usually breathe at 6–8 mL/kg of predicted body weight (PBW)], they were considered necessary for intubated and mechanically ventilated patients to prevent progressive atelectasis, avoid dyspnea and maintain appropriate ventilation.
Storytelling to Capture the Health Care Perspective of People Who Are Homeless

Utilizing a hermeneutic philosophical approach, the researchers explored the perceptions and experiences of people who are homeless in Mobile, Alabama, receiving health care and interacting with health care providers. Using the voice of the participants, discussions among the researchers, and supporting literature reinforcing key concepts, a framework was created illustrating the lived experience. The following themes were identified: social determinants of health, compromised systems, professionalism, dehumanization, engagement, and downward trajectory. The experiences described and themes identified indicate a breakdown in therapeutic relationships between homeless individuals and health care providers, contributing to the continuing destabilization common in this population.
Abstract TP52: Comparison of Two Methods of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score

Introduction: Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a validated clinical tool to predict early ischemic changes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). In addition to scoring of non-contrast b...
A COUPLED LAND-SURFACE AND DRY DEPOSITION MODEL AND COMPARISON TO FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE HEAT, MOISTURE, AND OZONE FLUXES

We have developed a coupled land-surface and drydeposition model for realistic treatment of surface fluxes ofheat, moisture, and chemical dry deposition within acomprehensive air quality modelling system. A new land-surfacemodel (LSM) with explicit treatment of soil moisture andevapotranspiration and an indirect soil moisture nudging schemehas been added to a mesoscale meteorology model. The new drydeposition model uses the same aerodynamic and bulk stomatalresistances computed for evapotranspiration in the LSM. Thisprovides consistent land-surface and boundary layer propertiesacross the meteorological and chemical components of the system. The coupled dry deposition model also has the advantage of beingable to respond to changing soil moisture and vegetationconditions. Modelled surface fluxes of sensible and latent heatas well as ozone dry deposition velocities were compared to twofield experiments: a soybean field in Kentucky during summer 1995and a mixed forest in the Adirondacks of New York in July 1998.
A Predictive Analytics Framework for Insider Trading Events

Financial markets are driven by complex dynamics and interplay, often stemming from convoluted investor interactions, asset and inter-market complexities. Such intricacies make it difficult to identify illegal trading activities like insider trading. Despite several advancements, the detection of such financial markets events remains elusive due to complex interactions among the market constituents. In this paper, we propose a novel solution to detect illegal trading activities driven by material nonpublic information. We accomplish this task by deploying a multistage methodology that includes a predictive modeling approach without the added constraint of having training data with the events of interest, an event prediction and detection methodology based on unstructured and structured data, a classification, and an evaluation approach to identify illegal insider trading events with good confidence. O ur r esults o n t he r eal t est d ata confirm the efficacy o f t he p roposed s olution t o d etect i nsider trading activities in the U.S. equity markets.
It’s Who You Know (and Who You Are): Social Capital in a School-Based Parent Network:

Social capital is broadly beneficial, but parents reap particular benefits from network ties. Schools are key organizations through which parents develop ties. In this article, we examine school-ba...
Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Patients Treated With Thoracic Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy and Anti-Angiogenic Agents.

Purpose/Objective(s) Hemoptysis is a rare but potentially fatal toxicity associated with thoracic stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Prior studies have suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFI) may potentiate the risk for pulmonary hemorrhage in patients treated with SABR for centrally located lung tumors. To what degree the risk of toxicity varies by timing of therapies or tumor location is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the combined toxicity of VEGFIs and SABR for peripheral, central, or ultra-central tumors. Materials/Methods We evaluated patients with primary or metastatic lung tumors treated with SABR between 2008 and 2018 at a single institution. Baseline patient, tumor and treatment characteristics were evaluated. Pulmonary bleeding events were graded using CTCAE version 5.0. Rates of a grade three or higher (G3+) or any ipsilateral pulmonary hemorrhage at three years were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We compared rates of bleeding by tumor location, treatment with a VEGFI, sequence of therapy and VEGFI within 90 days of SABR using the log-rank test. Results This retrospective cohort study included a total of 925 pulmonary tumors treated with SABR in 691 patients. There were 44 patients treated with a VEGFI (bevacizumab, sorafenib, pazopanib, sunitinib or ramucirumab), with the majority receiving bevacizumab (n = 38, 86.3%). Among those treated with a VEGFI, the median interval between VEGFI therapy and SABR was 16 weeks, ranging from zero days to 3.7 years, with 15 (34.0%) patients treated within 90 days of SABR. Patients were treated with SABR to peripheral (738, 79.8%), central (137, 14.8%) and ultra-central (50, 5.4%) locations with a median BED10 of 87.5 Gy. Median follow-up was 32.2 months for the overall cohort and 46.4 months for VEGFI patients. The rate of G3+ hemorrhage was significantly higher in patients treated with a VEGFI (7.3 vs 0.8%, P or ≤ 90 days (12.0 vs 0.0%, P = 0.17). Similarly, there was no significant difference between rates of G3+ hemorrhage when VEGFI was given before (12.9%), after (8.3%), or before and after SABR (0.0%). Conclusion VEGFI therapy was associated with an increased rate of high-grade hemorrhage in patients undergoing SABR to pulmonary tumors. Rates of high-grade hemorrhage were increased with VEGFI for both central/ultra-central and peripheral tumors although the absolute rate was low for peripheral tumors. While limited by low sample size and event rate, there was no correlation observed between interval or sequence of VEGFI and SABR and rate of high-grade hemorrhage.
The Vascular Topography of Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients (P01.226)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the vascular topography of ischemic strokes (IS) in young patients. BACKGROUND: The underlying mechanisms of stroke in young populations differ from those of older adults. Understanding the relationship between stroke topography and mechanism may improve our understanding of the spectrum of cerebrovascular disease in young adults. DESIGN/METHODS: The charts of patients 15-49 years of age presenting to Boston Medical Center with a diagnosis of IS between 1/2006 and 2/2010 were reviewed. Eligible patients had acute/subacute IS, vascular topography rated on DWI/MRI or CT scan obtained during admission, and stroke mechanism listed as small vessel disease (SVD, n=24), large vessel disease (LVD, n=25), cardioembolic (n=21), or undetermined (n=19). Stroke mechanisms were compared with imaging topography. RESULTS: Among 105 patients, 79 were eligible with mean age 42±7.1, 63%M, 60% Black/Hispanic. The anterior circulation (AC) was involved in 55%, posterior circulation (PC) in 49%, and multiple vascular (MV) territories in 6%. Strokes occurred most frequently in MCA (49%), PCA (32%) and PICA (12%) territories. The perforating arteries were involved in 45% of events. SVD was more often the mechanism underlying PC strokes compared to AC strokes (45% vs. 11%,p 50% compared to MCA strokes (77% vs. 62%,p 50% (19% vs. 51%,p CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary findings suggest that IS in the young occurs most frequently in the AC, with significant differences between the underlying mechanisms of AC and PC strokes, as well as strokes limited to perforating artery territories. The presenting vascular topography may help guide clinicians to the prompt diagnosis of stroke mechanism in young populations. Disclosure: Dr. Rayhill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shoamanesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Catanese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Romero has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babikian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kase has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pikula has nothing to disclose.
The Broad Conception of Temperance

Broad conceptions of the work of temperance tend to portray it as a general psychological principle that affects every aspect of the moral life. These conceptions often conflate temperance with virtue in general. George Henrik von Wright, for instance, falls prey to this conflation when he argues for the notion that there is fundamentally just one virtue. He equates this one virtue to “so many forms of self-control.”1 But despite this tendency, the fabric-like nature of virtue will illustrate the fact that the particular fibers of temperance are easily identified upon closer examination.
Der nicht aufzuhaltende Aufstieg

Dies ist ein Kapitel mit etwas mathematischer Philosophie. Ich habe es so verstandlich zu schreiben versucht wie alles andere auch, aber so etwa zehn bis zwolf Seiten sind wohl schwerblutiger. Diese sind zum weiteren Verstehen des Buches nicht unbedingt notig. Ich wollte nur kurz einen wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund skizzieren, vor dem die nachfolgenden Bilder sich serioser darstellen. Lesen Sie, so weit Sie Spas haben. Sie konnen dann zum Abschnitt uber die Deadlines springen, ab dem mathematischer Druck wieder als Managementzwang dargestellt ist, zu dem Sie wieder ein normales Verhaltnis haben sollten.
Principles of Sediment Transport Applicable in Tidal Environments

Physical processes of sediment transport in tidal environments are extremely complicated and are influenced by numerous hydrodynamic and sedimentological factors over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Both tide and wave forcing play significant roles in the entrainment and transport of both cohesive and non-cohesive particles. Present understanding of sediment transport is largely empirical and based heavily on field and laboratory measurements. Sediment transport is composed of three phases: (1) initiation of motion (erosion), (2) transport, and (3) deposition. In tidal environments, the coarser non-cohesive sediments are typically transported as bedload, forming various types of bedforms. The finer cohesive sediments tend to be transported as suspended load, with their deposition occurring mostly during slack tides under calm conditions. Rate of sediment transport is generally proportional to flow velocity to the 3rd to 5th power. This non-linear relationship leads to a net transport in the direction of the faster velocity in tidal environments with a time-velocity asymmetry. Due to the slow settling velocity of fine cohesive sediment and a difference between the critical shear stress for erosion and deposition, scour and settling lags exist in many tidal environments resulting in a landward-fining trend of sediment grain size. The periodic reversing of tidal flow directions results in characteristic bi-directional sedimentary structures. The relatively tranquil slack tides allow the deposition of muddy layers in between the sandy layers deposited during flood and ebb tides, forming the commonly observed lenticular, wavy, and flaser bedding.
Brain Mapping for Neurosurgery and Cognitive Neuroscience

One of the primary goals of neural science is to understand the biological underpinnings of cognition. This goal is based on the assumption that cognitive events emerge from brain events and that behavior can be explained in terms of neural processes. Francis Crick referred to this as “the Astonishing Hypothesis” [1]. According to this view, the biological principles that underlie cognition link the structure and function of the brain.
Spin Effects in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics

The spin dependence of large momentum transfer exclusive and inclusive reactions can be used to test the gluon spin and other basic elements of QCD. In particular, exclusive processes including hadronic decays of heavy quark resonances have the potential of isolating QCD hard scattering subprocesses in situations where the helicities of all the interacting constituents are controlled. The predictions can be summarized in terms of QCD spin selection rules. We also briefly comment on the calculation of magnetic moment and other hadronic properties in QCD.
Flowering Plants, Evolution

The evolution of angiosperms shows a tendency to an increase in canalization and synorganization, but it is also characterized by widespread parallelism and reversal. The great diversity shown by extant angiosperms is concentrated in a relatively few clades. Keywords: diversification; speciation; parallelism; canalization; synorganization; uncertainty
Secondary Features from Visualization of Two-Phase Refrigerant Flow

Visualizations of adiabatic refrigerant flows were made in a 0.5 mm glass channel. The primary flow regime division in channels of this diameter is between inertia-dominated and surface tension-dominated flows, and the transition mechanisms between these regimes are dominated by bubbles and slugs becoming annular streams. High-speed videos of R134a were used to observe the dynamics of the secondary features that appear in the flows. Rings of liquids were observed to form into liquid slugs, dividing longer bubbles into two. The growth of these rings was observed and appears to be the same pressure reduction mechanism that dominates the stratified-bubble transition in large channels. Small droplets were observed within the vapor core, demonstrating vapor velocity gradients within the vapor bubbles. Velocity measurements of the secondary features were used in the analysis of the dynamics. Finally, comparison is made with still visualizations that were made with refrigerant flows and refrigerant-oil flows.
Improving accuracy of on-chip diagnosis via incremental learning

On-chip test/diagnosis is proposed to be an effective method to ensure the lifetime reliability of integrated systems. In order to manage the complexity of such an approach, an integrated system is partitioned into multiple modules where each module can be periodically tested, diagnosed and repaired if necessary. The limitation of on-chip memory and computing capability, coupled with the inherent uncertainty in diagnosis, causes the occurrence of misdiagnoses. To address this challenge, a novel incremental-learning algorithm, namely dynamic k-nearest-neighbor (DKNN), is developed to improve the accuracy of on-chip diagnosis. Different from the conventional KNN, DKNN employs online diagnosis data to update the learned classifier so that the classifier can keep evolving as new diagnosis data becomes available. Incorporating online diagnosis data enables tracking of the fault distribution and thus improves diagnostic accuracy. Experiments using various benchmark circuits (e.g., the cache controller from the OpenSPARC T2 processor design) demonstrate that diagnostic accuracy can be more than doubled.
The Relationship Between Ownership and Control in Foreign Entry Mode Decisions: A Critique of the Literature and Propositions for Future Research

This paper reviews and critiques the prevalent use of ownership as the only source of control in studies of foreign entry mode decisions. Even a cursory examination of the foreign entry mode literature can reveal the prominence of the construct of control. The prominent role of control is associated with the use of a contingency paradigm. The general theorem of the contingency paradigm is: the fit between the achieved characteristics of entry modes and various situational factors determines the success of the entry mode. Applying this paradigm to entry mode decisions making involves three tasks. Listed in random order, they are: (1) use antecedent factors to predict desired characteristics of entry modes; (2) link entry modes to certain characteristics, or rank entry modes along the characteristics; and (3) link antecedent factors to entry modes. As one can see, the (way of) ranking of entry modes along certain characteristics constitutes a key step in the decision-making process; it thus has a large effect on the outcome of the decision.
Stories of Mentoring: Theory and Praxis, Michelle F. Eble and Lynée Lewis Gaillet, eds

How apt that I received Stories of Mentoring: Theory and Praxis in January of 2009, a time now marked as National Mentoring Month. Rhetoric and composition as a discipline has long prided itself on...
Role of the transient outward current (Ito) in shaping canine ventricular action potential--a dynamic clamp study.

Transmural electrical dispersion determines the repolarization sequence across the ventricular wall, and plays an important role in the development of arrhythmias under pathological conditions. While it is clear that the transmural gradient of the transient outward current (Ito) underlies the dramatic difference in phase 1 repolarization across the ventricle, its contribution to the transmural action potential duration (APD) dispersion is not clear. We investigated this problem using the dynamic clamp technique in canine ventricular myocytes. The dynamic clamp allows quantitative ‘insertion’ of simulated conductances in real, biological cells, bridging pure computer modelling and experimental electrophysiology. ‘Insertion’ of an epicardial level of Ito in endocardial cells produced a prominent phase 1 repolarization and a ‘spike-and-dome’ action potential morphology, but did not significantly affect the APD. Increasingly larger Ito densities prolonged, and then dramatically shortened the endocardial APD. We also used the dynamic clamp to subtract, or ‘block’ the native Ito in epicardial cells. Such ‘blockade’ eliminated the epicardial action potential notch, but had no significant effect on the APD. We conclude that Ito, while being a key regulator of phase 1 repolarization, does not significantly affect the APD of canine ventricular myocytes, and that the Ito gradient is not a significant contributor to the transmural APD dispersion in the canine ventricle. By allowing computer simulation on a biological background, the dynamic clamp is a new and effective tool to study the ionic basis of the electrical properties of cardiac cells.
Jacques Lacan on the Child’s Entry into the Symbolic Order

Lacan, a controversial French psychoanalyst, focused on symbolic-linguistic competence and its psychological repercussions. This symbolic competence, he claimed, marked the child’s entry into the symbolic order and placed the child in a new psychological context, the place of the Other. To clarify Lacan’s theory I interpret his insights, as found primarily in the 1964 seminar published as Lacan (1978), “The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis,” within a social-developmental framework. I conclude that this new context of the Other is indeed the societal order. I cite observations that illustrate a child’s entry into the societal-symbolic order. Lacan describes this entry as connected to human sexuality, desire, and the unconscious; it is accompanied by feelings of alienation and separation. Insofar as the desire of the unconscious is inherently toward the desire of the Other, Lacan can be seen as supporting my claim of an endogenous developmental origin of the societal order.
Evaluation of pavement skid resistance using high speed texture measurement

Abstract Skid resistance is an important parameter for highway designs, construction, management, maintenance and safety. The purpose of this manuscript is to propose the correlation between skid resistance, which is measured as skid resistance trailer, and mean profile depth (MPD) or the macro surface texture, which is measured by vehicle mounted laser, so that highway agencies can predict the skid resistance of pavement without the use of expensive and time consuming skid resistance trailer, which also causes disruption of traffic in use. In this research skid numbers and MPD from 5 new asphalt pavements and 4 old asphalt pavements were collected using a locked wheel skid trailer and a vehicle mounted laser. Using the data collected, a correlation between the skid number (SN40R) collected by locked wheel skid tester and the texture data or MPD collected by a vehicle mounted laser operating at highway speeds was developed. The proposed correlation for new pavements was positive for MPD values less than 0.75 mm to reach a peak SN40R value, then there was a negative correlation as the MPD increases until the MPD value was equal to 1.1 mm and beyond the MPD value of 1.1 mm to the maximum value of 1.4 mm, SN40R value remained almost constant. There were significant data scatter for the MPD value of 0.8 mm. To explain these results, water film thickness during the friction test was calculated and the critical MPD was defined. The effect of sealed water pool on the SN40R was discussed. The test result showed a similar trend for older asphalt pavements, but with lower SN40R values due to the polishing of pavement micro-texture by traffic. Hence, a reduction factor was proposed for older pavements based on cumulative traffic volume for the above correlation to predict the skid resistance of older pavements.
Poor Inter-test Reliability Between CK18 Kits as a Biomarker of NASH.

Background and Aim Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 15–40 % of the general population; 10–20 % of those patients have a more severe form of the disease known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cytokeratin-18 (CK18), released during apoptosis and one of the most studied biomarkers in NASH, can be measured by a number of commercially available kits. We compared serum measurements of the CK18 M30 from two different kits using the same cohort to evaluate the reliability between two test kits.
Optimal blood pressure for cognitive function: findings from an elderly African-American cohort study.

Objectives: To report the results from a prospective cohort study on the association between blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function in elderly African Americans. Design: Prospective cohort study conducted from 1997 to 2009. Setting: Community-based study in Indianapolis. Participants: African Americans aged 65 years or older (N = 3,145). Measurements: At each assessment, participant cognitive function was measured using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. Other measurements included BP, height, weight, education level, antihypertensive medication use, alcohol use, smoking, and history of chronic medical conditions. Results: Longitudinal assessments (n = 5,995) contributed by 2,721 participants with complete independent variables were analyzed using a semiparametric mixed-effects model. Systolic BP (SBP) of approximately 135 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) of approximately 80 mmHg were associated with optimal cognitive function after adjusting for other variables (P = .02). Weight loss with body mass index < 30.0 kg/m2 was significantly related to poorer cognitive performance (P < .001). Older age at first assessment, lower education level; smoking; and history of depression, stroke, and diabetes mellitus were related to worse cognitive function; taking antihypertensive medication and drinking alcohol were associated with better cognitive function. Conclusion: High and low BP were associated with poorer cognitive performance. A joint optimal region of SBP and DBP for cognitive function has been identified, which may provide useful clinical information on optimal BP control in cognitive health and lead to better quality of life for elderly adults.