cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Biomimetic Composite for Space Vehicle/Habitat Design

There are plenty of literature dealing with studies that demonstrate how Noise and Vibration can interfere with space crew’s ability to perform critical mission functions especially at the time of launch, launch abort, and reentry. Space habitat like the ISS functions as spaceflight crew’s home; their workshop; office; and laboratory. All these activities result in a complex noise/vibration environment. This paper discusses the stiffness characteristics of a time dependent composite that has a soft middle porous layer, infused with a compatible fluid and is covered with thin sheets of skin layers on both the faces. Tests demonstrated that this design could lead to improvement in product performance, designed for acoustics /vibration isolation environment. The design has the flexibility to adapt its characteristics to suit various end application environments.
Narratives on the Factors That Influence Family Decision Making for Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) play a central role in selecting interventions for their children. Despite the importance of understanding the factors that motivate early d...
A generalized purification step for viral particles using mannitol flocculation

Vaccine manufacturing has conventionally been performed by the developed world using traditional unit operations like filtration and chromatography. There is currently a shift in the manufacturing of vaccines to the less developed world, requiring unit operations that reduce costs, increase recovery, and are amenable to continuous manufacturing. This work demonstrates that mannitol can be used as a flocculant for an enveloped and nonenveloped virus and can purify the virus from protein contaminants after microfiltration. The recovery of the virus ranges from 58 to 96% depending on virus, the filter pore size, and the starting concentration of the virus. Protein removal of 80% was achieved for the small nonenveloped virus using a 0.1 µm filter because proteins were not flocculated with the virus and flowed through the filter. It is hypothesized that mannitol dehydrates the viral surface by controlling the water structure surrounding the virus. Without the ability to become compact, as occurs with proteins, the virus aggregates in the presence of osmolytes and proteins do not. Osmolyte flocculation is a scalable process using high flux microfilters. It has been applied to both an enveloped and nonenveloped virus, making this process friendly to a variety of vaccine and gene therapy products. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1027-1035, 2018.
Disability and Aging: Historical and Contemporary Views

The seeds of modern disability and aging policy may be traced to the legacy of the American Civil War and its expansive disability pension scheme. Though not a rehabilitation, aging, or welfare scheme per se, the Civil War pension laws set out America’s first large-scale policy of compensation for select men and “worthy disabled,” and led to a medical model of disability and America’s first comprehensive federal retirement program. The post-Civil War shift toward the classification of disability laid the groundwork for subsequent federal policies. This chapter overviews the pension scheme, discusses our related investigation of veterans with disabilities as they aged, and examines the implications of this study for attitudes and policy toward persons with disabilities, with emphasis on the disabled as they age in workplaces, as today’s veterans, and as global citizens.
Arcsine Law and One Generalization

The limit distribution as T → ∞ of the functional ∫0T f(X(t)) d t / T is found for one-dimensional null-recurrent Markov process X(t) with the diffusion a(x) and zero drift for regular in rather weak sense behavior of a(x) and f(x) as x → ± ∞.
Extracellular Development of Erythrocytic Malaria Parasites

The propagation of a parasite in vitro apart from its intact host has always led to extensive progress in understanding host-parasite relationships. This has been especially well illustrated with the explosive growth in work on the biochemistry, immunology and molecular biology of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum during the 10 years since its cultivation was first reported (Trager & Jensen 1976). In these cultures all the erythrocytic stages of the parasite, including the male and female gametocytes as well as the asexual schizogonic cycle, develop in human erythrocytes maintained in vitro. Just as with all other obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa that have been grown in vitro, the parasites develop in their living host cells. Can they be grown axenically in a non-living medium? How much of the intactness of the host cell do they require? Why should a eukaryotic organism having its own protein-synthesizing machinery need to depend on a living host cell for its development, and what is the nature of this dependence? Might it be that the host cell furnishes signals or triggers for differentiation of the parasite, as well as essential nutrients? The erythrocytic stages of malaria may provide particularly favorable material for attempts to answer these questions.
Black Doctoral Studies: The Radically Antiracist Idea of Molefi Kete Asante:

In 1988, Molefi Kete Asante founded the world’s first Black doctoral studies program at Temple University. It was an expression that Black Studies departments should be raising Black Studies schola...
UV spectroscopic determination of the chlorine monoxide (ClO) ∕ chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) thermal equilibrium constant

Abstract. The thermal equilibrium constant between the chlorine monoxide radical (ClO) and its dimer, chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl), was determined as a function of temperature between 228 and 301 K in a discharge flow apparatus using broadband UV absorption spectroscopy. A third-law fit of the equilibrium values determined from the experimental data provides the expression K eq = 2.16 × 10 - 27 e 8527 ± 35 K / T cm 3 molecule −1 (1 σ uncertainty). A second-law analysis of the data is in good agreement. From the slope of the van't Hoff plot in the third-law analysis, the enthalpy of formation for ClOOCl is calculated, Δ H f ∘ ( 298 K ) = 130.0 ± 0.6 kJ mol −1 . The equilibrium constant results from this study suggest that the uncertainties in Keq recommended in the most recent (year 2015) NASA JPL Data Evaluation can be significantly reduced.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI promotes early detection of toxin-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Nevertheless, there is limited ability to diagnose AKI in its earliest stages through the collection...
2017 Wind Technologies Market Report

Author(s): Wiser, Ryan H; Bolinger, Mark | Abstract: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Wind Technologies Market Report provides an annual overview of trends in the U.S. wind power market. Highlights of this year’s report include: -Wind power capacity additions continued at a rapid pace in 2017: $11 billion was invested in new wind power plants in 2017. In 2017, wind energy contributed 6.3% of the nation’s electricity supply, more than 10% of total electricity generation in fourteen states, and more than 30% in four of those states—Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. -Bigger turbines are enhancing wind project performance: Increased blade lengths have dramatically increased wind project capacity factors, one measure of project performance, and taller towers appear to be on the horizon. The average 2017 capacity factor among projects built from 2014 through 2016 was 42%, compared to an average of 31.5% among projects built from 2004 to 2011 and 23.5% among projects built from 1998 to 2001. -Low wind turbine pricing continues to push down installed project costs: Wind turbine prices have fallen from their highs in 2008 to $750–$950/kW. Overall, the average installed cost of wind projects in 2017 was $1,610/kW, down $795/kW from the peak in 2009 and 2010. -Wind energy prices remain low: After topping out at 7¢/kWh for power purchase agreements (PPAs) executed in 2009, the national average price of wind PPAs has dropped to around 2¢/kWh—though this nationwide average is dominated by projects that hail from the lowest-priced Interior region of the country (such as Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas). These prices, which are possible in part due to federal tax support, compare favorably to the projected future fuel costs of gas-fired generation. -The domestic supply chain for wind equipment is diverse: Wind sector employment reached a new high of more than 105,000 full-time workers at the end of 2017. For wind projects recently installed in the U.S., domestically manufactured content is highest for nacelle assembly (g90%), towers (70-90%), and blades and hubs (50-70%), but is much lower (l20%) for most components internal to the turbine. -Continued strong growth in wind capacity is anticipated in the near term: With federal tax incentives still available, various forecasts for the domestic market show expected wind power capacity additions of 8,000 to 11,000 MW/year from 2018 to 2020, with market contraction anticipated beginning in 2021 as those tax incentives are phased out.
Parental home removal of urethral catheters after urological surgery—a prospective benchmarking study

Summary Introduction Many urological operations require placement of a urethral Foley catheter. The catheter often needs to remain in situ for a period of time after discharge; and patients subsequently require either a further hospital admission or community nurse review for catheter removal. Parents can easily remove the catheter at home by cutting the balloon port. This disrupts the valve and hence deflates the retaining balloon, thereby facilitating spontaneous passage of the catheter. The authors introduced this practice to their institution. Aim The aim was to assess safety and success of parental home catheter removal. Methods A prospective data study was performed in a large pediatric urology center over a 12-month time period. Patients Results Thirty-eight patients were included over a 12-month time period. Patient age ranged from 9 months to 12 years (median age 2.5 years). The majority (82%) of patients had required a catheter after hypospadias repair. Home catheter removal was successful in 92% cases. Three children required professional support for catheter removal. Median time until catheter passage was 3 h (range 0–24 h). Considering that cost for day case admission for catheter removal averages at 130£ per patient, home catheter removal saved the NHS 4550£ in the time period. Discussion This is the first study to report the safety and feasibility of parental home catheter removal by cutting the balloon port valve in the pediatric population. It offers a number of distinct advantages compared with traditional methods for removal. These include, namely, (i) positive patient experience: catheter removal in a familiar environment by a relative minimizes stressful experiences for the family; (ii) minimal trauma to healing tissues through spontaneous catheter passage; and (iii) health care–related cost savings. This was an initial benchmarking study, so patient numbers were relatively small. Nevertheless, it shows that the method is safe and received positive parental feedback. Conclusion Parental home removal of a urethral catheter is a feasible and safe alternative to catheter removal by a health-care professional. It minimizes parental anxiety and inconvenience related to the catheter removal appointment and allows for significant cost savings. Download : Download high-res image (172KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Fig. . Information leaflet provided to parents with instructions on how to remove their child's urinary catheter at home.
Detecting urban identity perception via newspaper topic modeling

Abstract Understanding subjective aspects of urban life can be a powerful tool for policymakers to improve public well-being by focusing on the peculiarities their metropolis. Cities are as diverse as the humans living in it. Just as any other complex system, a city changes and evolves with time, accumulating experiences and features that are particular to their history. Unmatched memories are what makes people feel connected to a place. This uniqueness of characteristics is what we call the city identity. This paper proposes a method to detect and compare identities of cities using news articles. Revealing the most unique topics for each city can uncover their utmost interests and points of view. We exemplified its use with a set of thirty-six big cities from the United States of America creating a footprint of components containing the city's identity profiles. This method allows the comparison of cities at scale without compromising the quality of the results.
On the Largest Eigenvalue of a Hermitian Random Matrix Model with Spiked External Source I. Rank 1 Case

This is the second part of a study of the limiting distributions of the top eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix model with spiked external source under a general external potential. The case when the external source is of rank one was analyzed in an earlier paper. In the present paper we extend the analysis to the higher rank case. If all the eigenvalues of the external source are less than a critical value, the largest eigenvalue converges to the right end-point of the support of the equilibrium measure as in the case when there is no external source. On the other hand, if an external source eigenvalue is larger than the critical value, then an eigenvalue is pulled off from the support of the equilibrium measure. This transition is continuous, and is universal, including the fluctuation laws, for convex potentials. For non-convex potentials, two types of discontinuous transitions are possible to occur generically. We evaluate the limiting distributions in each case for general potentials including those whose equilibrium measure have multiple intervals for their support.
Ocular syphilis in an immunocompetent host

Syphilis is an old disease that experienced a resurgence with the emergence of HIV/AIDS. Syphilis is a reportable infection that is monitored by the Centers for disease Control (CDC) in the U.S. and rates have been rising since 2000. Although ocular syphilis is a well known consequence of syphilis infection it continues to be less frequently diagnosed, partially because ocular manifestations are not reportable to CDC. While the majority of recent cases in the U.S. have been reported in men who have sex with men (MSM) population, 50 % of these cases are HIV negative. We present a case of acute iridocyclitis and ocular hypertension due to syphilis infection. This case reiterates the need to increase healthcare workers' awareness of the importance of timely recognition of potential ocular syphilis to prevent visual sequelae from the infection. Ocular syphilis should be kept in the differential diagnosis in immunocompetent/HIV negative patients, and the importance of obtaining a detailed sexual history should not be forgotten.
Social support as a protective factor against the effect of grief reactions on depression for bereaved single older adults.

This study tested the main effect model and the stress-buffering model of the mechanisms by which social support affects bereaved single older adults’ depression. Data from the National Social Life...
Direct Common Carotid Artery Puncture for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in a Patient With Congenital Rare Variant of the Great Vessels.

This report describes a case of acute left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke that occurred in a patient with unique anatomy of the vessels arising from the aortic arch that remained undiagnosed until the age of 36. The nature of the anatomical variance proved problematic in establishing access to the carotid artery via traditional transfemoral or transbrachial approaches, and direct access was established via left carotid puncture. The patient regained substantial neurologic function. The direct carotid approach described below serves as a viable alternate route to establishing reperfusion in patients with complex or problematic aortic arch anatomy.
Motor variability prior to learning is a poor predictor of the ability to adopt new movement solutions

Many contexts in motor learning require a learner to change from an existing movement solution to a novel movement solution to perform the same task. Recent evidence has pointed to motor variability prior to learning as a potential marker for predicting individual differences in motor learning. However, it is not known if this variability is predictive of the ability to adopt a new movement solution for the same task. Here, we examined this question in the context of a redundant precision task requiring control of motor variability. Fifty young adults learned a precision task that involved throwing a virtual puck toward a target using both hands. Because the speed of the puck depended on the sum of speeds of both hands, this task could be achieved using multiple solutions. Participants initially performed a baseline task where there was no constraint on the movement solution, and then performed a novel task where they were constrained to adopt a specific movement solution requiring asymmetric left and right hand speeds. Results showed that participants were able to learn the new solution, and this change was associated with changes in both the amount and structure of variability. However, individual differences in baseline motor variability were only weakly correlated with initial and final task performance when using the new solution, with greater variability being associated with higher errors. We also found a strong specificity component - initial variability when using the new solution was highly correlated with final task performance with the new solution, but once again, higher variability was associated with greater errors. These results suggest that motor variability is not necessarily indicative of flexibility and highlight the need to consider the task context in determining the relation between motor variability and learning.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Chilean version of Evaluation of Ability to Sing Easily: EASE

RESUMEN Objetivo: Adaptar linguistica y culturalmente el protocolo australiano de voz cantada Evaluation of Ability to Sing Easily (EASE) al espanol chileno. Metodo: Fue realizada la traduccion al espanol chileno del EASE y posteriormente la retrotraduccion; ambas fueron revisadas por un comite compuesto por 4 fonoaudiologos quienes crearon la primera version en espanol chileno (EASE-CL). El EASE-CL esta compuesto, al igual que el original, por 22 items que se contestan de acuerdo con una escala de Likert de frecuencia, a la que, durante la adaptacion, se le sumo la alternativa “no aplicable” para poder identificar las consignas no comprendidas o inapropiadas para el vocabulario de los cantantes chilenos. Esta version se aplico a 21 cantantes profesionales de la region de Valparaiso. Durante esta aplicacion no existieron sugerencias para el cambio de alguna consigna. Resultado: El EASE-CL refleja la version original del ingles, tanto en la cantidad de items como en dominios. Conclusion: Queda demostrada la equivalencia cultural y linguistica del protocolo EASE al espanol chileno, originandose la version EASE-CL.
Kant’s Philosophy of Moral Luck

In the modern moral luck debate, Kant is standardly taken to be the enemy of moral luck. My goal in this paper is to show that this is mistaken. The paper is divided into six sections. In the first, I show that participants in the moral luck literature take moral luck to be anathema to Kantian ethics. In the second, I explain the kind of luck I am going to focus on here: consequence luck, a species of resultant luck. In the third, I explain why philosophers have taken Kantian ethics to reject moral luck and, in particular, consequence luck. In the fourth, I explain why these philosophers are mistaken, and I set out Kant’s theoretical framework for consequence luck. In the fifth, I clarify and defend this framework, and in the sixth, I interrogate and attack it.
Drosophila, a powerful model to study virus-host interactions and pathogenicity in the fight against SARS-CoV-2

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a tremendous impact on humanity. Although COVID-19 vaccines are showing promising results, they are not 100% effective and resistant mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains are on the rise. To successfully fight against SARS-CoV-2 and prepare for future coronavirus outbreaks, it is essential to understand SARS-CoV-2 protein functions, their host interactions, and how these processes convey pathogenicity at host tissue, organ and systemic levels. In vitro models are valuable but lack the physiological context of a whole organism. Current animal models for SARS-CoV-2 research are exclusively mammals, with the intrinsic limitations of long reproduction times, few progeny, ethical concerns and high maintenance costs. These limitations make them unsuitable for rapid functional investigations of virus proteins as well as genetic and pharmacological screens. Remarkably, 90% of the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interacting proteins are conserved between Drosophila and humans. As a well-established model system for studying human diseases, the fruit fly offers a highly complementary alternative to current mammalian models for SARS-CoV-2 research, from investigating virus protein function to developing targeted drugs. Herein, we review Drosophila’s track record in studying human viruses and discuss the advantages and limitations of using fruit flies for SARS-CoV-2 research. We also review studies that already used Drosophila to investigate SARS-CoV-2 protein pathogenicity and their damaging effects in COVID-19 relevant tissues, as well as studies in which the fly was used as an efficient whole animal drug testing platform for targeted therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 proteins or their host interacting pathways.
Thermal therapy induced fluid pressure and stress reductions in a solid tumor.

Abstract This paper presents an investigation on the interstitial fluid pressure and stress reductions in a vascularized solid tumor using a thermal therapy approach. The solid tumor is modeled as a fluid infiltrated poroelastic medium with a pressure source subjected to spatial heating. The distributions of temperature, interstitial fluid pressure, strains and stresses in a spherical tumor are obtained using a thermoporoelasticity theory in which the extracellular solid matrix and the interstitial fluid have different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The numerical results for a solid tumor subjected to uniform spatial heating indicate that the CTE of the solid matrix of the tumor plays a crucial role in the reductions in the fluid pressure and effective stresses caused by the thermal therapy. The pore pressure and effective stresses are reduced when the CTE of the solid matrix is higher than that of the interstitial fluid. The reductions in fluid pressure and stresses may become significant depending on the difference between the CTEs of the solid matrix and interstitial fluid. The reductions reach the maximum at the tumor center and decrease with increasing radial distance from the tumor center. Finally, the thermally induced fluid flow is directed from the surface towards the center thereby potentially improving the microcirculation in the solid tumor.
Physics-Based, Real-Time MIMO Radar Simulation for Autonomous Driving

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles (AV) require massive amounts of sensor data to test and train driving algorithms and to design sensor hardware. In many practical cases, these data must be generated at or beyond real-time rates of up to 30 sensor frames per second (fps). General-purpose, high-fidelity radar response simulators can take minutes or hours to simulate a single coherent processing interval (CPI) comprised of hundreds of radar chirps over many MIMO channels. This paper presents an end-to-end GPU implementation of the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) method combined with algorithmic accelerations to achieve over 160 fps for a single-channel radar operating in a realistically complex traffic environment and sustained real-time performance for five single-channel radars or one 2 0 - channel radar. In addition, this paper illustrates, using open and standardized interfaces, the integration of this technology in closed loop simulation.
Implementing an Open Source EMR in a Nursing Informatics Course

Electronic medical record (EMR) systems are being implemented widely in hospital and office based settings. This technology is becoming a standard documentation modality for inpatient and outpatient clinical settings. While practicing clinicians have learned to use these systems with the benefit of institutional or practice based training, the educational benefit of providing EMR training to students prior to their exposure to the clinical environment has not been widely explored. This preliminary research evaluated multiple EMR systems for educational use in a nursing school curriculum. EMR training including classroom lectures, computer based training sessions and practice with interdisciplinary medical simulation are incorporated in this educational program, providing students access to an EMR system before using one with actual patients. The ADDIE model of systemic instructional design was utilized for this study. Additionally, deliberate practice, an evidence-based construct grounded in information processing and behavioral theories of skill acquisition and maintenance guided the design of this study. Preliminary results reveal a high level of learner interest and satisfaction with the training methodology. Further exploration of EMR systems and the impact this component has on nursing education and practice are planned.
Chemical Variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in Southwestern Rural Nevada, USA

The levels and composition of particulate matter in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) that hosts the only population of the endangered Devil’s Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) were examined to obtain baseline air quality information. PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations were measured using continuous monitors over a period of 12 months. In addition, integrated PM10 and PM2.5 filter samples were collected and a subset chemically analyzed for elements, ions, elemental carbon, and organic carbon. The average filter-based PM10 (10.9 μg m−3) and PM2.5 (5.1 μg m−3) levels at Ash Meadows NWR are similar to those previously measured at rural and continental background sites in the southwestern USA. Mineral dust accounted for the largest percentage of aerosol mass, with the highest concentrations being measured during fall months of 2009. Elemental and organic carbon levels were generally low, except for August 29, 2009. During this event, transport of wildfire smoke was suggested, by the passage of air masses over wildfires in California, Utah, and Arizona. Ammonium sulfate varied with season, with the highest concentrations in spring and the lowest in fall and winter. Halite (NaCl) quantities were very low, except for the filter samples collected during a windy period on October 4, 2009 indicating the possible contribution of alkaline playa dust upwind of the site. Above average concentrations of crustal calcium compounds, including carbonates and gypsum, were measured in the PM10 sample collected on November 9, 2009 as well as the two preceding months, ascribed to wind-driven dusty conditions prevailing throughout the late summer and fall of 2009.
Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) system architecture using multiple analog cancellation layers

Simultaneous Transmit and Receive operation requires a high amount of transmit-to-receive isolation in order to avoid self-interference. This isolation is best achieved by utilizing multiple cancellation techniques. The combination of adaptive multiple-input multiple-output spatial cancellation with a high-isolation antenna and RF canceller produces a novel system architecture that focuses on cancellation in the analog domain before the receiver's low-noise amplifier. A prototype of this system has been implemented on a moving vehicle, and measurements have proven that this design is capable of providing more than 90 dB of total isolation in realistic multipath environments over a 30 MHz bandwidth centered at 2.45 GHz.
A Review of: “Carolyn Ellis, Revision: Autoethnographic Reflections on Life and Work.”

According to my recollections, the way I experienced my life on the outskirts of a small Canadian city in the early 1960s was extraordinarily similar to the way Carolyn Ellis experienced her life i...
Nα-formyl-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl chloromethylketone

Nα-formyl-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone is chemotactic for, and induces lysosomal enzyme release from rabbit peritoneal neutrophils over essentially the same range of concentrations as does the free acid form of the same peptide (Nα-formyl-norleucyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-OH). The chloromethyl ketone derivative does however differ from the free acid in respect to its ability to interact with the neutrophil and cause deactivation or desensitization to cytochalasin B. Neutrophils preincubated in the cold with the chloromethyl ketone followed by washing have cytochalasin B sensitivity conferred upon them, as measured by the release of lysosomal enzymes. The degree of release induced by this pre-treatment appears to be related to the initial responsiveness of the cells. This is in contrast to the free acid where no cytochalasin B sensitivity in conferred under any circumstances. Thus, the chloromethyl ketone, unlike the free acid, appears to irreversibly activate the cell. Desensitization to the late addition of cytochalasin B is also significantly retarded when the chloromethyl ketone derivative is compared to the free acid form of the peptide. These studies suggest that the chloromethyl ketone derivative of the peptide may covalently interact with the neutrophil receptor.
Autorouting using a parallel Dijkstra algorithm with embedded constraints

An optimal path algorithm in which the paths are subjected to turning constraints has been developed. The restriction which has been incorporated is that the next link in the path must not make an angle exceeding 45 degrees in magnitude with the preceding link. The algorithm is a variation of Dijkstra in that it follows a similar inductive procedure. The difference is that this algorithm stores more information for each vertex at each step. There is a constrained optimal path with >
Closed-Loop Optogenetic Brain Interface

This paper presents a new approach for implementation of closed-loop brain–machine interface algorithms by combining optogenetic neural stimulation with electrocorticography and fluorescence microscopy. We used a new generation of microfabricated electrocorticography (micro-ECoG) devices in which electrode arrays are embedded within an optically transparent biocompatible substrate that provides optical access to the brain tissue during electrophysiology recording. An optical setup was designed capable of projecting arbitrary patterns of light for optogenetic stimulation and performing fluorescence microscopy through the implant. For realization of a closed-loop system using this platform, the feedback can be taken from electrophysiology data or fluorescence imaging. In the closed-loop systems discussed in this paper, the feedback signal was taken from the micro-ECoG. In these algorithms, the electrophysiology data are continuously transferred to a computer and compared with some predefined spatial-temporal patterns of neural activity. The computer which processes the data also readjusts the duration and distribution of optogenetic stimulating pulses to minimize the difference between the recorded activity and the predefined set points so that after a limited period of transient response the recorded activity follows the set points. Details of the system design and implementation of typical closed-loop paradigms are discussed in this paper.
Brownfields redevelopment and gentrification: A socio-economic evaluation of the EPA Brownfields Pilot Program

The purpose of this study to answer the question of whether the Environmental Protection Agency‟s Brownfields Pilot Program unintentionally contributed to the gentrification of areas near brownfield redevelopments. Using Smith‟s (1979) rent-gap theory, this study hypothesizes that investment in redeveloping brownfields results in a socio-economic change within areas near redeveloped brownfields. Specifically, the change involves the in-migration of higher income residents and the out-migration of minority and low-income residents. To test this hypothesis, this project used a two part methodology to study EPA Region7: 1) a cross-sectional analysis and two-sample t-tests measured the extent of environmental injustice near brownfields prior to receiving funding; and 2) involved a longitudinal analysis and MANCOVA to investigate the changing socio-economic character of areas near brownfields following redevelopment. By using 1990 Census data at the block group level, the cross-sectional analysis provided evidence of environmental injustice within a 0.5 mile buffer of brownfields. The longitudinal analysis, using data from the 1990 and 2000 Census, and the 2009 American Community Survey 5-year estimates, found that the changes observed in 10 socio-economic variables does not provide evidence of gentrification. In conclusion, funding provided by the EPA Brownfields Pilot Program in Region 7 did not result in the gentrification of areas surrounding brownfield redevelopments.
Physiological basis of copper tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nonsense-mediated mRNA decay mutants

The eukaryotic nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD) is a specialized pathway that contributes to the recognition and rapid degradation of mRNA with premature termination codons. In addition to mRNAs containing premature termination codons, NMD degrades non-nonsense-containing, natural mRNAs. Approximately 5–10% of the total Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome is affected when NMD is inactivated. The regulation of natural mRNAs by NMD has physiological consequences. However, the physiological outcomes associated with the degradation of specific natural mRNAs by NMD are not fully understood. Here, we examined the physiological consequences resulting from the NMD-mediated regulation of an mRNA involved in copper homeostasis, in an attempt to understand why nmd mutant strains are more tolerant of toxic copper levels than wild-type yeast strains. We found that wild-type (UPF1) and upf1Δ mutants accumulate similar amounts of total copper when grown in medium containing elevated levels of copper; however, the copper levels in the cytoplasm of wild-type yeast cells were higher than in the upf1Δ mutant. Copper tolerance by the upf1Δ mutant is dependent on the presence of CTR2. Deletion of CTR2 resulted in similar cytoplasmic copper levels in wild-type and upf1Δ mutant strains, regardless of the environmental copper levels. This suggests that CTR2 plays a role in regulating the level of copper in the cytoplasm. We also found that the upf1Δ mutant contained elevated copper levels in the vacuole relative to wild-type yeast cells, after both strains were exposed to elevated copper levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Place of Images in a World of Text

Les capacites de representation informatique nous invitent a reconsiderer quels outils permettent d'ameliorer la place des images dans l'univers humaniste bien etabli du texte. La theorie de la perception visuelle et picturale de J. J. Gibson et la theorie des signes de C. S. Peirce prefigurent une nouvelle appreciation humaniste de la representation et une nouvelle methodologie dans la conception de logiciel comme moyen de communication. L'A. explique les implications de ces deux metatheories pour le partenariat homme-machine dans l'investigation creative. Il illustre son propos avec deux scenarios issus de la recherche realisee pour representer la collection de manuscrits d'archives de Peirce dans une base d'images numeriques. L'utilisation des images numerisees des manuscrits de Peirce permet aux chercheurs de s'engager dans une argumentation collaborative au sein d'une communaute d'investigation.
Perspectives on Learning: Methodologies for Exploring Learning Processes and Outcomes

The papers in this Special Issue were initially prepared for an EARLI 2013 Symposium that was designed to examine methodologies in use by researchers from two sister communities, Learning and Instruction and Learning Sciences. The four papers reflect a common ground in advances in conceptions of learning since the early days of the “cognitive revolution” in the 1960s. This commentary shows the interdependence between advances in theory and advances in methodologies. Four shifts in conceptions of learning are described. That these shifts are evident in the work of both communities suggests a blurring of the boundaries between the two.
Importance of radiation in transient tests of fibrous insulations

Transient tests of fiberglass insulation were examined theoretically to determine effects of radiation heat transfer. It was found that radiation dominates the heat flow process during the first several minutes, and that waiting times on the order of 20 to 30 min are necessary to achieve results consistent with steady-state tests. This time could be reduced if samples are oven-dried before testing.
Automating induction with an SMT solver

Mechanical proof assistants have always had support for inductive proofs. Sometimes an alternative to proof assistants, satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers bring the hope of a higher degree of automation. However, SMT solvers do not natively support induction, so inductive proofs require some encoding into the SMT solver's input. This paper shows a surprisingly simple tactic--a rewriting strategy and a heuristic for when to apply it--that has shown to be useful in verifying simple inductive theorems, like those that can occur during program verification. The paper describes the tactic and its implementation in a program verifier, and reports on the positive experience with using the tactic.
Clinical utility of low-volume ultrasound-guided interscalene blockade: contraindications reconsidered.

Objective. The purpose of this series is to describe cases in which ultrasound guidance was used to allow patients to receive the benefits of regional anesthesia while safely circumventing traditional contraindications to interscalene blockade (ISB). Methods. Targeted low-volume ISB was performed in 3 patients in whom this procedure would typically be contraindicated because of phrenic nerve blockade or risk of local anesthetic toxicity. A patient with severe respiratory dysfunction, a patient undergoing bilateral shoulder surgery, and a patient requiring awake fiberoptic intubation underwent low-volume ultrasound-guided ISB. The ultrasound technique involved the use a low local anesthetic volume, anatomic identification of the brachial plexus trunk, needle placement opposite the phrenic nerve position, and control over local anesthetic spread. Results. In both patients in whom diaphragmatic paralysis was a concern, postoperative respiratory parameters indicated successful regional analgesia without evidence of phrenic nerve blockade. In the patient requiring an additional regional anesthetic procedure, ISB was performed with a local anesthetic volume low enough to avoid exceeding toxic safety thresholds. Conclusions. Although further studies are warranted, we report on 3 cases in which ultrasound guidance was used to allow patients to receive the benefits of regional anesthesia while safely avoiding standard contraindications to ISB. Ultrasound technology may allow providers to perform low-volume brachial plexus blockade while avoiding issues related to phrenic nerve blockade and systemic local anesthetic toxicity.
Political Interest in West European Women: An Historical and Empirical Comparative Analysis

“Political Interest in West European Women” is an analysis of the responses of women in eight European Community countries to yearly surveys taken from 1973 through 1978 to a basic question, “Are you interested in politics?” Responses were examined by sex and by nationality, and were also compared to earlier survey data from the 1950s. The pattern of political interest proved to be extremely interesting, as a correlation was found between present-day political interest of West European women and the historical background of the country in which they live. The most promising explanation for current interest seems to be whether or not the women were raised in a traditionally Protestant or traditionally Catholic country, a factor very much linked to attitudes toward women held by those countries. Although there are exceptions and complications, and also changes currently taking place, particularly in countries such as France, this hypothesis seems to be supported by the data, and well worth pursuing in futur...
A framework for optimization in expert system-DBMS interface

The authors present a framework for optimization in coupling an expert system and a database management system (DBMS) in such a way to satisfy the requirement of being capable of inferencing with a volume of information that far exceeds main memory capacity. This technique, an extension of traditional relational query optimization, is based on the ideas of normalization and access mapping between the primitives representing the logic query and the implementation primitives. The authors discuss this technique in the context of an expert system shell called SQL inference engine for network applications (SIENA), which is currently being developed. >
Rock Narratives and Teaching Popular Music: Audiences and Critical Issues

This essay is a response to David Blake’s “Between a Rock and a Popular Music Survey Course: Technological Frames and Historical Narratives iin Rock Music.” Engaging Blake’s view of rock history as a problemtatic dominant discourse in popular music teaching, I discuss my view of the relationship between “rock” and “popular” music, the role of texbooks in maintaining or furthering pedagogical topics, and different audiences for popular music courses in modern university and college teaching. I then reflect on the manner in which I incorporate critical viewpoints into my teaching, and make several observations concerning narratives widely accepted in popular music teaching.
Gobernabilidad democrática a comienzos del siglo XXI: una perspectiva latinoamericana

LA REALIDAD POLITICA ACTUAL DE AMERICA LATINA ESTA CONFIGURADA POR LA COEXISTENCIA DE REGIMENES DEMOCRATICOS AL LADO DE UNA SERIE DE FACTORES POLITICOS Y SOCIO-ECONOMICOS PROFUNDAMENTE PREOCUPANTES: CORRUPCION DESENFRENADA, VIOLENCIA GENERALIZADA Y NIVELES DE POBREZA Y DESIGUALDAD DESGARRADORES. PARTIENDO DE ESTA CARACTERIZACION, Y EVITANDO LA COMUN VISION TELEOLOGICA QUE VE A ESOS PAISES SIGUIENDO EL CAMINO DE LAS DEMOCRACIAS DE EUROPA OCCIDENTAL, SE DISCUTEN LOS ESCENARIOS FUTUROS QUE ENFRENTA AMERICA LATINA. ADEMAS, PONIENDO EL ENFASIS EN UNO DE ESTOS ESCENARIOS, FUNDADO EN UNA REVALORIZACION DE LA POLITICA, SE ESBOZAN LOS ELEMENTOS DE UNA NUEVA AGENDA POLITICA QUE PERMITIRIA REFUNDAR LA GOBERNABILIDAD DEMOCRATICA SOBRE LA BASE DE PRACTICAS MAS AFINES AL BUEN GOBIERNO (GOOD GOVERNMENT), SEGURIDAD Y JUSTICIA, Y PROSPERIDAD INCLUSIVA.
The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C.

SIR,—It gives me great pleasure to answer in writing some of the questions which you, and others who are interested in scientific research, have asked in respect to the scope of the institution lately founded in Washington by Mr. Andrew Carnegie.
Working collaboratively in the big ten and beyond

With each passing year, campus IT professionals are continually called upon to do more with less. The burning question at some point becomes, "Okay, but HOW?" The answer - one which many SIGUCCS old timers readily share - will be revealed in this interactive session which opens the floor for sharing proven success stories that demonstrate how well we work when we work well together. Come on in and collaborate!
Interaction of a fluorescent streptomycin derivative with Escherichia coli ribosomes

Abstract The synthesis of a stable fluorescent conjugate of pyrene butyric acid hydrazide and streptomycin is described. This derivative closely parallels streptomycin in its binding to bacterial ribosomes and ability to inhibit in vitro protein synthesis. Binding competition studies show that the pyrene derivative binds to the same site on the 70 S Escherichia coli ribosome as streptomycin. Binding results in enhanced pyrene fluorescence. The pyrene derivative is more susceptible to nonspecific binding than is streptomycin itself. However, this can be largely overcome by working at low concentrations. Ribosome binding markedly reduced the solvent accessibility of the pyrene moiety as judged by a decrease in its susceptibility to iodide quenching. The fluorescence properties of the streptomycin derivative afford some insights into the nature of the streptomycin binding site.
Dysregulated in vitro hematopoiesis, radiosensitivity, proliferation, and osteoblastogenesis with marrow from SAMP6 mice

The senescence accelerated-prone mouse variant 6 (SAMP6) shows normal growth followed by rapid aging, development of osteopenia, and shortened lifespan, compared with control R1 mice. Because oxidative stress is a fundamental mechanism of tissue aging, we tested whether cellular parameters that are associated with oxidative stress are impaired with marrow from SAMP6 mice. We compared in vitro hematopoiesis, irradiation sensitivity, proliferative potential, and osteoblastogenesis with marrow cells from SAMP6 and R1 mice. Marrow cells from SAMP6 mice showed shortened in vitro hematopoiesis; their stromal cells showed greater radiation sensitivity and decreased proliferation. Consistent with those properties, there was constitutive upregulation of transforming growth factor–β1, an inhibitor of hematopoiesis, and of cell cycle inhibitory genes, p16INK4A and p19ARF. Paradoxically, there was constitutive expression of osteoblast genes in stromal cells from SAMP6 mice, but in vitro matrix mineralization was impaired. These studies and data included in other reports indicate that impaired proliferation of osteoblast progenitors in SAMP6 marrow may be a major factor contributing to accelerated loss of bone mass. In sum, marrow from SAMP6 mice had diminished capacity for long-term hematopoiesis, increased radiosensitivity, and reduced proliferative capacity.
Discarding Logic 2008 Ancel Keys Memorial Lecture

Thank you. The comments I am about to make are my own personal views. They are not the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute or the US Department of Health and Human Services. I have no conflicts of interest to disclose. There once was a king who had 2 servants.1 One day, he asked the servants to take buckets down to the well, which was located just outside the palace. He told them to draw water into the buckets and bring them back to him. The loyal servants did exactly as they were told, but when they reached the well, they noticed something rather strange. The buckets the king had given them were porous, full of holes. The first servant said, “The king must have made a mistake. It makes absolutely no sense to me why I should draw water into a porous bucket. I won’t do it.” The second servant said, “I agree that it does not make sense, but nonetheless I will do as the king asked.” The servant drew water into the bucket, and sure enough within a few minutes all the water had drained out. When the servants returned to the king, he asked them whether they had carried out his orders. The first servant explained that he discovered holes in his bucket, and logic dictated to him that he should disobey the king’s order. The second servant admitted that he too felt that it logically made sense to disobey the king’s order, but he nonetheless drew water into the bucket as he was told. The king looked at the second servant and said to him, “You did right. You see, what I wanted was for you to clean my buckets.”1 This is a story that was told over 2000 years …