cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing of biomedical implants: A feasibility assessment via supply-chain cost analysis

Abstract The adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) for fabricating biomedical implants at hospitals provides many potential benefits. Relative to biomedical implants fabricated via traditional manufacturing (TM), typically available by suppliers out of the immediate region, biomedical implants fabricated through AM provides an opportunity to receive more patient-specific, customized parts with faster response, a lower inventory level, and reduced delivery costs. Despite the promising features of AM technologies, the make-or-buy decisions are not straightforward and require careful investigation due to the relatively high AM machine and production costs. Most of the existing studies focus on the analysis of process-level costs, which are usually evaluated/calculated based on individual AM processes. No research efforts, to the best of our knowledge, have been dedicated to the quantitative analysis of the costs of supply chains integrated with AM facilities, e.g., inventory cost, transportation cost, product lead time, etc. In this study, we propose a stochastic cost model to quantify the supply-chain level costs associated with the production of biomedical implants using AM techniques, and investigate the economic feasibility of using such technologies to fabricate biomedical implants at the sites of hospitals. The problem is formulated in the form of a stochastic programming model, which determines the number of AM facilities to be established and volume of product flow between manufacturing facilities and hospitals. A customized Sample Average Algorithm (SAA) is developed to obtain the solutions. We apply the cost model to a real-world case study that focuses on the use of biomedical implants for hospitals in the state of Mississippi (MS), and identify the conditions and cost parameters that have significant impact on the economic feasibility of AM. We find that the ratio between the unit production costs of AM and TM (ATR), as well as product lead time and demands, are key cost parameters that determine the economic feasibility of AM.
Differentiating emotional processing and attention in psychopathy with functional neuroimaging

Individuals with psychopathy are often characterized by emotional processing deficits, and recent research has examined the specific contexts and cognitive mechanisms that underlie these abnormalities. Some evidence suggests that abnormal features of attention are fundamental to emotional deficits in persons with psychopathy, but few studies have demonstrated the neural underpinnings responsible for such effects. Here, we use functional neuroimaging to examine attention-emotion interactions among incarcerated individuals (n = 120) evaluated for psychopathic traits using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Using a task designed to manipulate attention to emotional features of visual stimuli, we demonstrate effects representing implicit emotional processing, explicit emotional processing, attention-facilitated emotional processing, and vigilance for emotional content. Results confirm the importance of considering mechanisms of attention when evaluating emotional processing differences related to psychopathic traits. The affective-interpersonal features of psychopathy (PCL-R Factor 1) were associated with relatively lower emotion-dependent augmentation of activity in visual processing areas during implicit emotional processing, while antisocial-lifestyle features (PCL-R Factor 2) were associated with elevated activity in the amygdala and related salience network regions. During explicit emotional processing, psychopathic traits were associated with upregulation in the medial prefrontal cortex, insula, and superior frontal regions. Isolating the impact of explicit attention to emotional content, only Factor 1 was related to upregulation of activity in the visual processing stream, which was accompanied by increased activity in the angular gyrus. These effects highlight some important mechanisms underlying abnormal features of attention and emotional processing that accompany psychopathic traits.
Adaptive real-time congestion management in smart power systems using a real-time hybrid optimization algorithm

Abstract In deregulated power systems, where a short period of service interruption causes extreme financial and social damages to customers and service providers, it is necessary to develop optimal intelligent algorithms in order to minimize unforeseen service interruptions due to unavoidable real-time contingencies. Nowadays, regarding the high implementation of communication infrastructure in smart power systems, as well as accurate sensors for a variety of purposes, it is possible to effectively collect and analyze real-time and synchronized data, run fast intelligent algorithms and send control commands to controllers. This paper proposes an adaptive real-time congestion management (RTCM) method which optimally employs adaptive thermal ratings of transmission lines to manage real-time congestions using all power system capabilities. This algorithm is considered as an essential ancillary service in a power market, where all generation companies and customers can participate. In this algorithm, a demand response program is modeled and also a real-time hybrid optimization algorithm is developed to solve the RTCM problem aimed at finding the optimal solution during a short time span. Incorporating an adaptive artificial neural network along with a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper as a real-time hybrid optimization method. Advantages and effectiveness of this method are demonstrated by numerical results from analyzing the modified 39-bus New England system.
High yield reproducible rat model recapitulating human Barrett's carcinogenesis.

Aim To efficiently replicate the biology and pathogenesis of human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) using the modified Levrat model of end-to-side esophagojejunostomy. Methods End-to-side esophagojejunostomy was performed on rats to induce gastroduodenoesophageal reflux to develop EAC. Animals were randomly selected and serially euthanized at 10 (n = 6), 17 (n = 8), 24 (n = 9), 31 (n = 6), 38 (n = 6), and 40 (n = 6) wk postoperatively. The esophagi were harvested for downstream histopathology and gene expression. Histological evaluation was completed to determine respective rates of carcinogenic development. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression levels of MUC2, CK19, and CK20, and results were compared to determine significant differences throughout disease progression stages. Results The overall study mortality was 15%. Causes of mortality included anastomotic leak, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, stomach ulcer perforation, respiratory infection secondary to aspiration, and obstruction due to tumor or late anastomotic stricture. 10 wk following surgery, 100% of animals presented with esophagitis. Barrett's esophagus (BE) was first observed at 10 wk, and was present in 100% of animals by 17 wk. Dysplasia was confirmed in 87.5% of animals at 17 wk, and increased to 100% by 31 wk. EAC was first observed in 44.4% of animals at 24 wk and increased to 100% by 40 wk. In addition, two animals at 38-40 wk post-surgery had confirmed macro-metastases in the lung/liver and small intestine, respectively. MUC2 gene expression was progressively down-regulated from BE to dysplasia to EAC. Both CK19 and CK20 gene expression significantly increased in a stepwise manner from esophagitis to EAC. Conclusion Esophagojejunostomy was successfully replicated in rats with low mortality and a high tumor burden, which may facilitate broader adoption to study EAC development, progression, and therapeutics.
Focusing on Context Within International School-Based Counseling Research

School-based counseling is practiced around the globe, and descriptions of school-based counseling within different national contexts exist in the literature. Despite this, there is a lack of comparative analysis within international school-based counseling. This chapter outlines several research practices and models from comparative education that may yield new opportunities to learn about how school-based counseling develops and is practiced within specific global contexts. Implications associated with accessing deep, contextualized, comparative analyses are a theme throughout the chapter. The vertical case study is proposed as a contextually sensitive method for the comparative study of the relationships between school-based counseling policy and practice.
Chronic exposure to electronic cigarettes results in impaired cardiovascular function in mice.

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) are marketed as safe, but there has been insufficient long-term exposure to humans to justify these claims. This is the first study to report the long-term in vivo va...
Multi-Material Printed Wind-Tunnel Flutter Model

Flying-wing aircraft, typified by the X-56A, experience flutter due to both an instability inherent to tailless configurations and the necessity for aerodynamically efficient high-aspect-ratio wing...
Activity of Vitamin E Phosphate (VEP) Prodrugs of Gemcitabine in a Xenograft Model of NSCLC (NCI-H460)

VEP nucleosides bypass two mechanisms of tumor resistance: nucleoside transport and kinase downregulation. Isoforms of VE have shown activity against solid and hematologic tumors. Gemcitabine was conjugated at the 5’ position to either δ-tocopherol-MP (NUC050) or δ-tocotrienol-MP (NUC052). NUC050 has been demonstrated to deliver gemcitabine-MP intracellularly. Its half-life IV in mice is 3.9 compared to 0.28 hours for gemcitabine (European J Cancer. 2016. 61(Suppl. 1):S119). When tumors in nude mice reached 32 to 75 mg mm3 (day 4) treatment was initiated with gemcitabine (120 mg/kg IP q3dx9), NUC050 or NUC052 (both 40 mg/kg qwkx4) and compared to saline control (SC). Gemcitabine inhibited tumor growth but was not tolerated. NUC050 resulted in inhibition to tumor growth on days 11-31 (p<0.05), with a nadir of -73% compared to SC. Median survival was 25.5 days (SC) vs 33 days (NUC050) ((hazard ratio) HR=0.24, p=0.017). NUC052 had the dose increased to 50 mg/kg after 2 doses. NUC052 resulted in inhibition to tumor growth on days 14-27 (p<0.05), with a nadir of -45%, and median survival was 34 days (HR=0.27, p=0.033). NUC050 and NUC052 have been shown to be safe and effective in a NSCLC xenograft. Studies have been initiated in a pancreatic cancer xenograft.
Developmental biology: Rise of the source-sink model.

Gradients of signalling molecules dictate where specific cell types form in developing tissues, but how these gradients are set up is much debated. A model proposed 40 years ago by Francis Crick may provide an answer.
The interplay of immune components and ECM in oral cancer

We report that in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vitally important role in defining the characteristics of cancer vs. normal, as it is a compartment with significant enrichment of known OSCC biomarkers, and the number of genes constituting ECM are more prominently upregulated in OSCC than almost all the rest of the cancer types. This is probably due to the constant exposure of oral cavity to external stimuli, resulting in the ECM remodeling, which further is a key player in tumor invasion. While we showed ECM molecules alone could well distinguish oral cancer from normal tissue samples, a significant portion of these predictive ECM molecules, share the same transcriptional regulator, NFKB1, a master regulator of immune response. We further studied the level of involvement of the immune system in OSCC, and found that the immune composition in OSCC is distinctly different from the other cancer types. OSCC has a higher level of infiltration of adaptive immune cells, including B cell, T cell and neutrophil, compared with other cancer types, while a lower level of infiltration of innate immune, including macrophage and monocyte. Previous studies have revealed the roles of ECM and immune system in OSCC development, and our study showed that ECM plays a very prominent role in OSCC, subject to the complex microenvironment in oral cavity, particularly the immune system profile, and our association analysis revealed it is likely the interactions between ECM and immune cells that define the highly invasive property of OSCC.
Earthworm densities correlate with aboveground plant biomass and vegetation type across residential properties in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Abstract Non-native earthworms have been increasing in density within cities in the USA and around the world, but how earthworms respond to variation in plant cover within these systems remains unclear. We collected earthworms and standing plant biomass from five residences in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, each possessing two plant cover types—a turfgrass lawn and a prairie garden containing flora native to the Midwestern USA—on two occasions (once each in 2007 and 2008). Soil moisture and temperature were also quantified. On average, volumetric soil moisture was 2.8% lower and standing plant biomass 384 g m−2 greater in the prairie gardens than in the turfgrass lawns. Earthworm densities increased by 0.1 and 2.7 individuals m−2 on average with each increase of 1 g m−2 in standing plant biomass and of 1% in soil moisture, respectively. Further, when the effects of plant biomass and soil moisture were factored out, earthworm densities were estimated to be 55 individuals m−2 lower in prairie gardens than in adjacent lawns. These findings suggest native-flora prairie gardens may provide less favorable habitat for non-native earthworms, all else being equal.
Investigating Nitrosomonas europaea Stress Biomarkers in Batch, Continuous Culture, and Biofilm Reactors

The understanding of nitrification inhibition in ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by priority pollutants and emerging contaminants is critical in managing the nitrogen cycle to preserve current water supplies, one of the National Academy of Engineers Grand Challenges in Engineering for the twenty-first century. Nitrosomonas europaea is an excellent model AOB for nitrification inhibition experimentation due to its well-defined NH(3) metabolism and the availability of a wide range of physiological and transcriptional tools that can characterize the mechanism of nitrification inhibition and probe N. europaea's response to the inhibitor. This chapter is a compilation of the physiological and transcriptional methods that have been used to characterize nitrification inhibition of N. europaea under a wide variety of growth conditions including batch, continuously cultured, and in biofilms. The protocols presented here can be applied to other AOB, and may be readily adapted for other autotrophic bacteria (e.g., nitrite oxidizing bacteria).
Global Change Education

Look around. What do you see? Everything you see is a result of someone’s decision, and some of the things you see are the result of your own decisions. This fundamental right and privilege, to make our own decisions, is often unnoticed, taken for granted, or even forgotten. Yet one of the most empowering gifts education in this country can bring to individuals young and old is the recognition that we each have a role in the shaping of our lives, our homes, our workplaces, our communities, our world. And that is why education is so vital—not indoctrination—but empowerment— through access to information that allows us to make those decisions with the best information available. So how can we make better decisions, in the face of uncertainty, to ensure the carrying capacity of the Earth, quality of life for all living things, a bright future for generations that follow? This is essentially the goal of the international research community engaged in the investigation of Earth as a system.
Chapter 4: Financial Literacy and Education

Financial literacy is a form of human capital that includes knowledge and skills related to personal finances including mathematical ability, knowledge of financial instruments and financial theory, and the ability to apply knowledge effectively. This chapter reviews how financial literacy has been conceptualized and measured in the literature. Financial literacy is related to many positive financial outcomes. Newer studies focus on identifying the pathways between financial literacy and asset accumulation, portfolio selection, and credit choice. Evidence shows that financial education can improve financial literacy and decision quality, but also questions whether financial literacy education is effective or socially efficient. Low levels of financial literacy among consumers suggest a need for increased high school financial literacy education and policies that provide simplified disclosure and high quality defaults.
Design and Analysis of Mixture Experiments

Techniques for the design and analysis of mixture experiments are discussed. Emphasis is on the practical aspects of selecting the appropriate mixture design, development and interpretation of mixture models, and analysis of mixture data. That the class..
Glycosides of Hydroxy Fatty Acids

Hydroxy fatty acid glycosides are probably the least well known of all the glycolipids, certainly less so than any of the other glycolipids discussed in this volume. They never seem to have been mentioned in any textbooks on lipid biochemistry. The other, better known glycolipids, also composed of sugars and hydroxy fatty acids, are those in which the sugar is acylated by the acid such as the trehalose esters (Asselineau and Asselineau, 1978) (see Chapter 5, this volume). Mannitol esters of 3-hydroxy acids have also been reported (Tulloch and Spencer, 1964). The explanation for this neglect appears to be that hydroxy fatty acid glycosides have been reported from only a few species of microorganisms and plants. They are, however, present in these species in relatively large amounts, sometimes very large, this being the reason for their discovery in the first place. Hitherto, there has been no indication that they may be more widespread.
Catch and Release Photosensitizers: Combining Dual-Action Ruthenium Complexes with Protease Inactivation for Targeting Invasive Cancers

Dual action agents containing a cysteine protease inhibitor and Ru-based photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) were designed, synthesized, and validated in 2D culture and 3D functional imaging assays of triple-negative human breast cancer (TNBC). These combination agents deliver and release Ru-based PDT agents to tumor cells and cause cancer cell death upon irradiation with visible light, while at the same time inactivating cathespin B (CTSB), a cysteine protease strongly associated with invasive and metastatic behavior. In total five Ru-based complexes were synthesized with the formula [Ru(bpy)2(1)](O2CCF3)2 (3), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and 1 = a bipyridine-based epoxysuccinyl inhibitor; [Ru(tpy)(NN)(2)](PF6)2, where tpy = terpiridine, 2 = a pyridine-based epoxysuccinyl inhibitor and NN = 2,2'-bipyridine (4); 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5); benzo[ i]dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine (6); and 3,6-dimethylbenzo[ i]dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine (7). Compound 3 contains a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ fluorophore and was designed to track the subcellular localization of the conjugates, whereas compounds 4-7 were designed to undergo either photoactivated ligand dissociation and/or singlet oxygen generation. Photochemical studies confirmed that complexes 5 and 7 undergo photoactivated ligand dissociation, whereas 6 and 7 generate singlet oxygen. Inhibitors 1-7 all potently and irreversibly inhibit CTSB. Compounds 4-7 were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 TNBC and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells in 2D and 3D culture for effects on proteolysis and cell viability under dark and light conditions. Collectively, these data reveal that 4-7 potently inhibit dye-quenched (DQ) collagen degradation, whereas only compound 7 causes efficient cell death under light conditions, consistent with its ability to release a Ru(II)-based photosensitizer and to also generate 1O2.
ML-Net: multi-label classification of biomedical texts with deep neural networks.

Objective In multi-label text classification, each textual document is assigned 1 or more labels. As an important task that has broad applications in biomedicine, a number of different computational methods have been proposed. Many of these methods, however, have only modest accuracy or efficiency and limited success in practical use. We propose ML-Net, a novel end-to-end deep learning framework, for multi-label classification of biomedical texts. Materials and methods ML-Net combines a label prediction network with an automated label count prediction mechanism to provide an optimal set of labels. This is accomplished by leveraging both the predicted confidence score of each label and the deep contextual information (modeled by ELMo) in the target document. We evaluate ML-Net on 3 independent corpora in 2 text genres: biomedical literature and clinical notes. For evaluation, we use example-based measures, such as precision, recall, and the F measure. We also compare ML-Net with several competitive machine learning and deep learning baseline models. Results Our benchmarking results show that ML-Net compares favorably to state-of-the-art methods in multi-label classification of biomedical text. ML-Net is also shown to be robust when evaluated on different text genres in biomedicine. Conclusion ML-Net is able to accuractely represent biomedical document context and dynamically estimate the label count in a more systematic and accurate manner. Unlike traditional machine learning methods, ML-Net does not require human effort for feature engineering and is a highly efficient and scalable approach to tasks with a large set of labels, so there is no need to build individual classifiers for each separate label.
Impaired hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a physiological vasomotor response that maintains systemic oxygenation by matching perfusion to ventilation during alveolar hypoxia. Although mitochondri...
Markovnikov-Selective Hydroboration of Vinylarenes Catalyzed by a Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymer

Highly efficient and practical hydroboration of alkenes has been catalyzed by an inexpensive and air-stable cobalt(II) coordination polymer (CP) in the presence of KOtBu. Complete conversion of alkenes to alkylboronates were performed within just 5 min with low catalyst loading (0.025 mol %), achieving the record high turnover frequencies of up to 47 520 h–1. For a range of vinylarenes, unusual Markovnikov selectivity was observed.
Justifying new employees’ trials by fire: Workplace hazing.

The purpose of this paper is to test the explanatory effects of the system justification theory on reactions to new employee hazing.,Three studies (N = 107, 121 and 128), all using experimental assignment, vignettes of workplace hazing and two-level repeated measures ANCOVA designs, with dispositional variables included as covariates and justification of workplace hazing processes as dependent variables, were conducted.,Onlookers are more likely to justify long-standing (cf. recently adopted) hazing systems and hazing systems used by highly cohesive (cf. loosely cohesive) teams, supporting the application of the system justification theory to workplace hazing reactions.,The use of vignette research and onlookers (cf. hazed employees) may limit inferences drawn about employee reactions in workplaces that use hazing.,Despite its negative associations, hazing at work persists, with 25 percent of current sample reported being hazed at work. The system justification theory, which the authors applied to hazing, offers an explanation for stakeholders’ willingness to sustain and perpetuate hazing, and onlookers’ seeming blind-spot regarding outrage over workplace hazing. This theory holds promise for combatting passive responses to workplace hazing.,This is the first paper to empirically test explanations for workplace hazing’s perpetuation, by applying the system justification theory to the social system of workplace hazing. Moreover, it is the first paper to offer empirical evidence of hazing’s prevalence across at least 25 percent of sampled industries and organizational rank.
A rare case of Shewanella septicemia: risk factors, environmental associations and management

Shewanella species are Gram-negative, saprophytic, motile bacilli. Exposure to aquatic environment and raw fish ingestion have been defined as significant associated risk factors. The two species most commonly associated with human infections are Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens and major portion of infections (80%) caused by the former. Herein, we report a case of Shewanella septicaemia in a 70-year-old man in Omaha, NE who had no exposure to aquatic environment. To date, no defined treatment guidelines are present due to rarity of Shewanella infections, which is contributing to emerging antibiotic resistance.
Instantaneous Fuel Consumption Estimation Using Smartphones

This paper investigates how to estimate instantaneous fuel consumption using smartphones and OBD-II (On-board Diagnostics) adapters. Although most of the new cars have instant miles per gallon readout feature, the readings from those dashboard displays are usually proprietary and are difficult to record. Not to mention older cars do not have this feature. In this paper, we describe a system and associated algorithms to monitor fuel consumption of gasoline-powered vehicles in real time at second-level granularity. Specifically, we propose two algorithms: 1) Powertrain-based Model, which is derived from estimating an engineâ€™s fuel injection rate, and 2) Vehicle Dynamics-based Model, which considers fuel consumption in terms of the mechanical work applied to a vehicle. They are designed for vehicles with and without OBD-II adaptors respectively. The proposed system is compatible with most of the passenger vehicles and can be easily deployed. We evaluate our system in a field test and show that it can successfully estimate instantaneous fuel consumption, the average difference between estimation results and the ground truth is about 6%.
Preterm birth and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review

Preterm birth (gestational age 95% of preterm infants who receive modern neonatal and pediatric care now survive into adulthood. However, improved early survival has been accompanied by long-term increased risks of various chronic disorders, prompting investigations to determine whether preterm birth leads to higher mortality risks in adulthood. A systematic review identified eight studies with a total of 6,594,424 participants that assessed gestational age at birth in relation to all-cause or cause-specific mortality at any ages ≥18 years. All six studies that included persons born in 1967 or later reported positive associations between preterm birth and all-cause mortality in adulthood (attained ages, 18–45 years). Most adjusted relative risks ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 for preterm birth, 1.1 to 1.2 for early term birth (37–38 weeks), and 1.9 to 4.0 for extremely preterm birth (22–27 weeks), compared with full-term birth (variably defined but including 39–41 weeks). These findings appeared independent of sociodemographic, perinatal, and maternal factors (all studies), and unmeasured shared familial factors in co-sibling analyses (assessed in four studies). Four of these studies also explored cause-specific mortality and reported associations with multiple causes, including respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and neurological. Two smaller studies based on an earlier cohort born in 1915–1929 found no clear association with all-cause mortality but positive associations with selected cause-specific mortality. The overall evidence indicates that premature birth during the past 50 years is associated with modestly increased mortality in early to mid-adulthood.
Bion and Thoughts Too Deep for Words : Psychoanalysis, Suggestion, and the Language of the Unconscious

Distinguishing psychoanalysis, as a search for truth, from suggestion, as a cure for symptoms, this book addresses the scientific status of psychoanalysis. Citing research into the relationship of infants to their caretakers, the author discusses evidence that unconscious communication is present from birth, and that this form of communication plays a central role in psychoanalysis at a level below that of verbal communication.Informed by Bion's ideas of containment, group functioning and the fundamental psychological need for truth, this book asserts that psychoanalysis, based solely on the search for truth, has, among all psychological interventions, both a unique claim to scientific status and a unique ability to foster psychological development. Exploring the relationship between unconscious communication, group dynamics, containment and psychological development in a highly original way, Bion and Thoughts Too Deep for Words: Psychoanalysis, Suggestion, and the Language of the Unconscious will be of great interest to psychotherapists, psychologists and psychoanalysts who are interested in the relationship between psychoanalysis and suggestion.
Outcomes of Gracilis Muscle Flaps in the Management of Groin Complications after Arterial Bypass with Prosthetic Graft.

Background This study details 2-year outcomes of a modified gracilis muscle flap (GMF) technique in providing tissue coverage for groin complications after arterial bypass surgery with synthetic graft. Methods All patients who developed groin infections after lower extremity arterial bypass with synthetic graft who underwent a GMF technique were included from June 2014 to March 2017 from a prospectively collected, purpose-built institutional database. Modifications to the standard technique included identification of the muscle using ultrasound to ensure precise skip incisions, preservation of the segmental blood supply, widening of the tunnel through which the muscle is retroflexed, placement of a wound vacuum-assisted closure for healing, and lifelong antibiotics. Demographics, laboratory values, bypass procedure, length of stay (LOS), disposition, and 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up data were collected. Analysis was performed via descriptive statistics. Results Over the 3-year study period, 22 patients underwent GMF after complications resulted from arterial bypass surgery. Types of bypass included aortobifemoral (32%), axillobifemoral (14%), femoral-femoral (23%), femoral-popliteal or mixed distal (27%), and thigh graft for dialysis (4%). Forty-five percentage of patients presented with graft infection, 50% with wound dehiscence, and 5% with graft disruption and bleeding. Only 23% of patients were candidates for sartorius muscle flap at the time of their initial procedure. The average case length was 64 + 19 min. Sixty-four percentage of patients were discharged home with home health care and the remainder to a skilled nursing facility. The average LOS was 6.1 + 3.4 days. Fifty-four percentages of wounds were healed at 1 month and 100% at 3 months with adjunctive vacuum-assisted closure therapy and lifelong antibiotics. Sixty percentage of patients were still alive at 24 months, with 33% of grafts still patent at that time. Median survival was 18.1 months, and median graft patency was 17.9 months. Conclusions GMF is a safe and effective treatment for groin complications after arterial bypass surgery with synthetic graft. Owing to its versatility, area of coverage, ease of use, and durability, it potentially should be considered as a primary form of muscle coverage for groin complications.
The Role of the Opinion Leader Research Process in Informing Policy Making for Improved Nutrition: Experience and Lessons Learned in Southeast Asia

Opinion leader research (OLR) has been widely used in public health to identify influential persons or organizations to affect health care practice, inform policy-making processes, and help shape communication strategies. We used OLR to gather information related to barriers and possible solutions to guide strategic engagement for strengthening policy making for improved maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) practices in 5 Southeast Asian countries-Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, and Thailand. In most countries, MIYCN policies and policymaker interest exist, but effective implementation and/or enforcement of current policies is weak. This article aims to share our experience in and lessons learned from using OLR as an advocacy tool: It helped identify opinion leaders with interest and influence to affect nutrition-related policies, it raised opinion leaders' interest in MIYCN, and it identified themes that would help generate political priority setting. Based on our experience, we recommend OLR as a strategic activity for informing and generating support for MIYCN policy-making processes.
Representational Connectivity Analysis: Identifying Networks of Shared Changes in Representational Strength through Jackknife Resampling

The structure of information in the brain is crucial to cognitive function. The representational space of a brain region can be identified through Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In its classic form, RSA collapses the time-series of each condition, eliminating fluctuations in similarity over time. We propose a method for identifying representational connectivity (RC) networks, which share fluctuations in representational strength, in an analogous manner to functional connectivity (FC), which tracks fluctuations in BOLD signal, and informational connectivity, which tracks fluctuations in pattern discriminability. We utilize jackknife resampling, a statistical technique in which observations are removed in turn to determine their influence. We applied the jackknife technique to an existing fMRI dataset collected as participants viewed videos of animals (Nastase et al., 2017). We used ventral temporal cortex (VT) as a seed region, and compared the resulting network to a second-order RSA, in which brain regions9 representational spaces are compared, and to the network identified through FC. The novel representational connectivity analysis identified a network comprising regions associated with lower-level visual processing, spatial cognition, perceptual-motor integration, and visual attention, indicating that these regions shared fluctuations in representational similarity strength with VT. RC, second-order RSA and FC identified areas unique to each method, indicating that analyzing shared fluctuations in the strength of representational similarity reveals previously undetectable networks of regions. The RC analysis thus offers a new way to understand representational similarity at the network level.
A 45-Year-Old Patient with Chronic Chest Wall Pain

Chronic chest wall pain syndrome is a rare phenomenon in which a patient may experience recurrent sharp, shooting, or dull, achy pain along part of or the entire chest wall. Due to a number of diseases, some of them life threatening, associated with chest pain, patients often undergo a series of tests to rule out a variety of different etiologies, including pain secondary to cardiac, pulmonary, and oncologic pathologies. Often times, as a last resort effort to determine the cause of the pain, patients will undergo an MRI of the thoracic spine, showing a mildly herniated intervertebral disc impinging on one or more intercostal nerves. While rare in the thoracic vertebrae, disc herniation can lead to this chronic chest wall pain syndrome and should be dealt with in a stepwise manner. Treatment options include conservative management in the beginning, including physical therapy, stretching, ice and hot packs, and anti-inflammatory medications to relieve the pain. With further intractable pain, more invasive treatment options are available, and include thoracic epidural steroid injections, intercostal nerve blocks, intervertebral discectomy, radiofrequency ablation of the intercostal nerves, and implantation of spinal cord stimulators. Early interventions have been shown to decrease both the time to alleviation and risk of recurrence of chronic chest wall pain syndrome, while longer episodes have been associated with an intractable form of the condition.
On Inversion Triples and Braid Moves

An inversion triple of an element w of a simply laced Coxeter group W is a set $$\{ \alpha , \beta , \alpha + \beta \}$$ , where each element is a positive root sent negative by w. We say that an inversion triple of w is contractible if there is a root sequence for w in which the roots of the triple appear consecutively. Such triples arise in the study of the commutation classes of reduced expressions of elements of W, and have been used to define or characterize certain classes of elements of W, e.g., the fully commutative elements and the freely braided elements. Also, the study of inversion triples is connected with the representation theory of affine Hecke algebras and double affine Hecke algebras. In this paper, we describe the inversion triples that are contractible, and we give a new, simple characterization of the groups W with the property that all inversion triples are contractible. We also study the natural action of W on the set of all triples of (not necessarily positive) roots of the form $$\{ \alpha , \beta , \alpha + \beta \}$$ . This enables us to prove rather quickly that every triple of positive roots $$\{ \alpha , \beta , \alpha + \beta \}$$ is contractible for some w in W and, moreover, when W is finite, w may be taken to be the longest element of W. At the end of the paper, we pose a problem concerning the aforementioned action.
Fast and High Quality Graph Alignment via Treelets

This work is a preliminary validation on using treelets in lieu of graphlets for the alignment of biological interaction networks. There has been considerable prior work on calculating alignments from vertex-based topological similarity measures based on local subgraph (i.e., graphlet) counts. In this work, we instead consider treelets, which are small acyclic subgraphs. As tree subgraphs can be enumerated quite quickly in parallel, we are able to consider larger subgraphs to better capture topological similarities in graph regions. We demonstrate that relative to the prior work using graphlets, our approach is more scalable and outputs similar or higher quality alignments.
Body shape concerns across racial and ethnic groups among adults in the United States: More similarities than differences.

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between race/ethnicity and body shape concerns among adults in the U.S. and evaluated if this relationship varied by Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender. Data were collected from U.S. adults (N = 2,212) using a national online survey panel designed to approximate the US census data. Gender, age, race/ethnicity, BMI and body shape concerns (Body Shape Questionnaire) were assessed. Analysis of variance was utilized to evaluate the race/ethnicity and BSQ association and if the relationship varied by gender and BMI category. The sample (65 % White, 13 % Black/African American, 16 % Latino/Hispanic/Mexican American and 6 % Asian/Pacific Islander) was 50 % female; mean age of 44.2 years (SD = 16.8); BMI of 27.4 (SD = 6.7). A gender by BMI category interaction (p
Starting early: High school students in paid internships at academic libraries

Many universities feature programs that offer internships to high school students, but how many academic libraries offer such programs? Better yet, how many academic libraries currently run paid internships for high school students? The answer, not many. We believe our institutions (The Ohio State University, the University of Washington, and Princeton University) are among the only ones currently offering such internships. In this article, we will provide some background about how we started our internships, delve into themes that our programs share, and discuss what the future holds for our internships. If you’re interested in pursuing a high school internship at your institution, we encourage you to reach out to us.
Case Report: Candida dubliniensis as a Cause of Chronic Meningitis.

Background: Candida dubliniensis is closely related to Candida albicans and rarely isolated in clinical specimens. C. dubliniensis is increasingly recognized as a pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. We present the third known case of Candida dubliniensis meningitis in a young immunocompetent host. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old female with a history of intravenous heroin use and chronic hepatitis C presented with a 10-month history of headaches and progressive bilateral vision loss. On physical examination, visual acuity was 20/20 in her right eye and grade II papilledema was noted. Examination of her left eye revealed complete loss of vision and grade IV papilledema. An MRI brain with and without contrast revealed increased leptomeningeal enhancement involving the posterior fossa and visualized proximal spinal cord. After multiple lumbar punctures, cerebrospinal fluid fungal cultures grew Candida dubliniensis. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of liposomal amphotericin and fluconazole for 6 weeks with complete resolution of her CNS symptoms, with the exception of irreversible vision loss. Conclusions: We report a case of chronic meningitis due to Candida dubliniensis in an immunocompetent woman with hepatitis C and a history of intravenous heroin use. Additional studies are needed to confirm risk factors for Candida dubliniensis colonization, which likely predisposes individuals to invasive candidiasis.
Dexamethasone Mechanism in Inflammatory Immune Mediated Disease and its Application in Treating 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

Since the very first medical use of dexamethasone (DEX) in 1958, this glucocorticoid (GC) has been widely used in various clinical applications. Compared to other GCs, DEX is highly potent and comes in multiple formulations for ease of local and systemic administrations. Recently, DEX has a new application for treating COVID-19 patients. DEX mainly inhibits expressions of inflammatory proteins and transcription factors necessarily for cell proliferation. DEX can both upregulate and downregulate expressions of the genes that facilitates anti- inflammatory effects and immunosuppression. Key proteins involved in DEX pathways are NF- B, AP-1, COX-2, and annexin A1. When used appropriately, DEX can minimize inflammatory pain and damage but it can also delay patient recovery by immunosuppression. Due to this duality, DEX should be used with caution for treatment considerations. Long-term systemic use could lead to debilitating adverse reactions and firm recommendations should be established in treating both acute and chronic disease with DEX.
Preaching when viral threats converge: Usa sermons, 31 may and 7 june 2020

How is God present and active in this time and place? This question has been a pressing one for preachers and congregations amid the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts In the USA, the urgency of this theological question intensified when nationwide protests erupted following the release, on 26 May, of the video of the death of George Floyd Floyd, an unarmed Black man, died pleading for breath, his neck pinned to the pavement by a police officer’s knee Sermons preached in the USA in congregations of distinctive predominant racial identity on the two Sundays following Floyd’s death (31 May and 7 June 2020) are assessed hermeneutically, asking: “In what ways did US sermons, preached on 31 May and 7 June 2020, interpret divine presence and activity in relation to the preacher’s interpretation of listeners’ needs and responsibilities;biblical text(s) referenced, and/or the dual public crisis impinging on national life?” © Creative Commons
Measuring the Sensitivity of Parameter Estimates to Estimation Moments

We propose a local measure of the relationship between parameter estimates and the moments of the data they depend on. Our measure can be computed at negligible cost even for complex structural models. We argue that it can make the mapping from data to conclusions in structural estimation more transparent, and we show that it can be interpreted formally as a measure of sensitivity to violations of identifying assumptions. We illustrate with applications to published articles in several fields of economics.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Whirlpool No More: A Case of Misdiagnosed Malrotation with Midgut Volvulus.

Author(s): Fogam, Michael; Leigh, Natasha; She, Trent | Abstract: Introduction: Adult intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus is rare and most often diagnosed on abdominal imaging. Once the diagnosis is made, prompt surgical intervention is necessary. A finding suggestive of malrotation with midgut volvulus on abdominal imaging is the “whirlpool” sign where the superior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric artery twist at the root of the abdominal mesentery. This sign was once thought to be pathognomonic, but recent studies have shown that it can be seen in asymptomatic patients.Case Report: A 20-year-old female presented to our emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain. Computed tomography demonstrated the “whirlpool” sign with a concern for malrotation with midgut volvulus. Surgical consultation was obtained and the patient was rushed to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy. Normal mesenteric attachments were seen and no significant pathology was identified during the laparotomy. The patient was eventually diagnosed with gastritis and discharged in stable condition.Conclusion: Emergency physicians and surgeons alike should be cautious in confirming malrotation with midgut volvulus solely due to the “whirlpool” sign on abdominal imaging. Premature diagnostic closure can lead to unnecessary procedures and interventions for patients as in the case we report here.
Johne's disease in cattle

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and its clinical result, Johnes disease, has world-wide economic implications for bovine, ovine, caprine, and various wild animal-related disciplines and production systems.11 Johnes disease can be worrisome and devastating, but it is possible to reduce economic loss through use of proper management and prevention techniques.
Mittlere Schwingungsamplituden, derBastiansen-Morino-Schrumpfungseffekt und thermodynamische Größen einiger isotopenmarkierter Moleküle des Kohlentrioxids

Die mittleren Schwingungsamplituden gebundener und nichtgebundener Atompaare und derBastiansen-Morino-Schrumpfungseffekt isotopenmarkierter Molekule des Kohlentrioxids, wie z. B.12C16O3,12C18O3 und13C16O3, wurden mit Hilfe der gruppentheoretischen Methode unter Verwendung von Symmetriekoordinaten fur die TemperaturenT=298° K undT=500° K berechnet. Die molaren thermodynamischen Grosen wurden fur den Temperaturbereich von 200–2000° K unter Verwendung des Modells eines starren Rotators und eines harmonischen Oszillators berechnet. Die Resultate werden kurz besprochen.
Chemical Engineering: An Introduction

'Chemical engineering is the field of applied science that employs physical, chemical, and biological rate processes for the betterment of humanity'. This opening sentence of Chapter 1 has been the underlying paradigm of chemical engineering. Chemical Engineering: An Introduction is designed to enable the student to explore the activities in which a modern chemical engineer is involved by focusing on mass and energy balances in liquid-phase processes. Problems explored include the design of a feedback level controller, membrane separation, hemodialysis, optimal design of a process with chemical reaction and separation, washout in a bioreactor, kinetic and mass transfer limits in a two-phase reactor, and the use of the membrane reactor to overcome equilibrium limits on conversion. Mathematics is employed as a language at the most elementary level. Professor Morton M. Denn incorporates design meaningfully; the design and analysis problems are realistic in format and scope.