cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isotopic and kinetic assessment of the mechanism of reactions of CH4 with CO2 or H2O to form synthesis gas and carbon on nickel catalysts

Abstract Kinetic and isotopic measurements for catalysts and conditions that rigorously excluded transport and thermodynamic artifacts led to a common sequence of elementary steps for reactions of CH 4 with CO 2 or H 2 O and for its stoichiometric decomposition on Ni/MgO catalysts. Turnover rates for forward reactions of CH 4 /CO 2 and CH 4 /H 2 O mixtures were proportional to CH 4 pressure (5–450 kPa) and independent of the partial pressure of the CO 2 or H 2 O coreactants (5–450 kPa). These turnover rates and their first-order rate constants and activation energies are also similar to those measured for CH 4 decomposition, indicating that these reactions are mechanistically equivalent and that CH bond activation is the sole kinetically relevant step in all three reactions. These conclusions were confirmed by identical CH 4 /CD 4 kinetic isotope effects ( k H / k D =1.62–1.71) for reforming and decomposition reactions and by undetectable H 2 O/D 2 O isotopic effects. The kinetic relevance of CH bond activation is consistent with the relative rates of chemical conversion and isotopic mixing in a CH 4 /CD 4 /CO 2 mixture and with the isotopic evidence for the quasi-equilibrated nature of coreactant activation and H 2 and H 2 O desorption obtained from reactions of CH 4 /CO 2 /D 2 and 12 CH 4 / 12 CO 2 / 13 CO mixtures. These quasi-equilibrated steps lead to equilibrated water–gas-shift reactions during CH 4 reforming, a finding confirmed by measurements of the effluent composition. These elementary steps provide also a predictive model for carbon filament growth and identify a rigorous dependence of the carbon thermodynamic activity on various kinetic and thermodynamic properties of elementary steps and on the prevalent concentrations of reactants and products, specifically given by P CH 4 P CO / P CO 2 (or P CH 4 P H 2 / P H 2 O ) ratios. These mechanistic features on Ni surfaces resemble those previously established for supported noble metal catalysts (Rh, Pt, Ir, Ru). These direct measurements of CH bond activation turnover rates allowed the first direct and rigorous comparison of the reactivity of Ni and noble metal catalysts for CH 4 -reforming reactions, under conditions of strict kinetic control and relevant commercial practice and over a wide range of compositions and metal dispersions.
A real-time implementation of half-band filters to obtain 18-20 bit resolution from the DSP56ADC16 sigma-delta A/D converter

A method of obtaining 18-20-bit resolution from a commercially available 16-bit Sigma - Delta A/D converter, the Motorola DSP56ADC16, is presented, and Sigma - Delta technology in general is discussed. A series of half-band filters was implemented on the Motorola DSP56001 (24-bit digital signal processor) to take advantage of the third-order noise-shaping methodology and oversampling employed by the DSP56ADC16. Based on this multistage filter implementation and using the 12-bit comb-filter output of the DSP56AC16, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of greater than 3 dB/octave is anticipated. The kernel of the DSP 56001 assembly code for the main macro routine and the parameters for designing the half-band filters are included. >
A new model for providing prehospital medical care in large stadiums

To determine proper priorities for the provision of health care in large stadiums, we studied the medical incident patterns occurring in a major college facility and combined this with previously reported information from four other large stadiums. Medical incidents were an uncommon occurrence (1.20 to 5.23 per 10,000 people) with true medical emergencies being even more unusual (0.09 to 0.31 per 10,000 people). Cardiac arrest was rare (0.01 to 0.04 events per 10,000 people). However, the rates of successful resuscitation in three studies were 85% or higher. The previous studies were descriptive in nature and failed to provide specific recommendations for medical aid system configuration or response times. A model is proposed to provide rapid response of advanced life support care to victims of cardiac arrest. We believe that the use of this model in large stadiums throughout the United States could save as many as 100 lives during each football season.
Intermittent pneumatic compression for the treatment of lower extremity arterial disease: a systematic review:

This study aimed to identify the role of intermittent pneumatic compression in treating peripheral arterial disease and to investigate the types of treatment programs that are most effective. Data was sourced from English-language articles which were identified by a computer search using MEDLINE from 1966 to 2001, followed by extensive bibliography review. Studies were included if they contained pertinent material involving a compression device and arterial flow dynamics in lower limbs. A total of 26 English-language studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The diverse patient criteria and methods used in the studies provided an opportunity to examine the effectiveness of each, but made it difficult to compare one study with another. To assist in focusing on overall trends in improvement, patient type and treatment type disparities must be identified. In conclusion, it is evident that an intermittent pneumatic compression program appears promising and may be used in patients with severe peripheral arterial disease who are not candidates for revascularization using surgery or percutaneous angioplasty. It is now the goal to establish randomized, prospective, controlled trials to clarify the most beneficial regimen for treating such disease.
Association of personality traits with elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population.

Objective: Elder self-neglect is an important public health issue. However, little is known about the association between personality traits and risk of elder self-neglect among community-dwelling populations. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) to examine the association of personality traits with elder self-neglect and 2) to examine the association of personality traits with elder self-neglect severity. Methods: Population-based study conducted from 1993 to 2005 of community-dwelling older adults (N = 9,056) participating in the Chicago Health Aging Project (CHAP). Subsets of the CHAP participants (N = 1,820) were identified for suspected self-neglect by social services agency, which assessed the severity. Personality traits assessed included neuroticism, extraversion, rigidity, and information processing. Logistic and linear regressions were used to assess these associations. Results: In the bivariate analyses, personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, information processing, and rigidity) were significantly associated with increased risk of elder self-neglect. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the above associations were no longer statistically significant. In addition, personality traits were not associated with increased risk of greater self-neglect severity. Furthermore, interaction term analyses of personality traits with health and psychosocial factors were not statistically significant with elder self-neglect outcomes. Conclusion: Neuroticism, extraversion, rigidity, and information processing were not associated with significantly increased risk of elder self-neglect after consideration of potential confounders.
New nonleast-squares neural network learning algorithms for hypothesis testing

Hypothesis testing is a collective name for problems such as classification, detection, and pattern recognition. In this paper we propose two new classes of supervised learning algorithms for feedforward, binary-output neural network structures whose objective is hypothesis testing. All the algorithms are applications of stochastic approximation and are guaranteed to provide optimization with probability one. The first class of algorithms follows the Neyman-Pearson approach and maximizes the probability of detection, subject to a given false alarm constraint. These algorithms produce layer-by-layer optimal Neyman-Pearson designs. The second class of algorithms minimizes the probability of error and leads to layer-by-layer Bayes optimal designs. Deviating from the layer-by-layer optimization assumption, we propose more powerful learning techniques which unify, in some sense, the already existing algorithms. The proposed algorithms were implemented and tested on a simulated hypothesis testing problem. Backpropagation and perceptron learning were also included in the comparisons. >
Evaluation of a Coordinated School-Based Obesity Prevention Program in a Hispanic Community: Choosing Healthy and Active Lifestyles for Kids/Healthy Schools Healthy Families

Background: Obesity is a public health concern that disproportionately affects underserved and minority communities. Purpose: To evaluate whether a comprehensive obesity prevention program that targets children and school staff in an underserved Hispanic community affects obesity related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among both students and staff. Methods: Using a longitudinal design over 2 years we administered surveys to fourth-grade students (N = 184) and school staff (N = 99) from 7 elementary schools involved in a comprehensive obesity prevention program. In year 2, a control group of students and staff from a neighboring school completed the same surveys for comparison. Results: Over 2 years, students and school staff participating in the program reported improved nutrition knowledge and behavior, and school staff reported improved self-efficacy for physical activity and a trend toward increased physical activity. In year 2 student nutrition behaviors improved preferentially for intervention v...
Effects of Phenol Feeding Pattern on Microbial Community Structure and Cometabolism of Trichloroethylene

Cometabolism of trichloroethylene (TCE) by phenol-fed enrichments was evaluated in four reactors with distinct phenol feeding patterns. The reactors were inoculated from the same source, operated at the same average dilution rate, and received the same mass of phenol over time. Only the timing of phenol addition differed. Reactor C received phenol continuously; reactor SC5 received phenol semicontinuously--alternating between 5 h of feed and 3 h without feed; reactor SC2 alternated between 2 h of feed and 6 h without feed; and reactor P received a single pulse every 24 h. The structure of the enrichments and their capacity for TCE transformation were analyzed. In long-term operation, reactors C and SC5 were dominated by fungi, had higher levels of predators, were more susceptible to biomass fluctuations, and exhibited reduced capacity for TCE transformation. Reactors P and SC2 were characterized by lower levels of fungi, higher bacterial biomass, higher concentrations of TCE-degrading organisms, and higher rates of TCE transformation. After 200 days of operation, rates of TCE transformation increased 10-fold in reactor P, resulting in TCE transformation rates that were 20 to 100 times higher than the rates of the other reactor communities. The cause of this shift is unknown. Isolates capable of the highest rates of TCE transformation were obtained from reactor P. We conclude that cometabolic activity depends upon microbial community structure and that the community structure can be manipulated by altering the growth substrate feeding pattern.
The latitudinal gradient of beta diversity in relation to climate and topography for mammals in North America

Aim Spatial turnover of species, or beta diversity, varies in relation to geographical distance and environmental conditions, as well as spatial scale. We evaluated the explanatory power of distance, climate and topography on beta diversity of mammalian faunas of North America in relation to latitude. Location North America north of Mexico. Methods The study area was divided into 313 equal-area quadrats (241 × 241 km). Faunal data for all continental mammals were compiled for these quadrats, which were divided among five latitudinal zones. These zones were comparable in terms of latitudinal and longitudinal span, climatic gradients and elevational gradients. We used the natural logarithm of the Jaccard index (ln J ) to measure species turnover between pairs of quadrats within each latitudinal zone. The slope of ln J in relation to distance was compared among latitudinal zones. We used partial regression to partition the variance in ln J into the components uniquely explained by distance and by environmental differences, as well as jointly by distance and environmental differences. Results Mammalian faunas of North America differ more from each other at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. Regression models of ln J in relation to distance, climatic difference and topographic difference for each zone demonstrated that these variables have high explanatory power that diminishes with latitude. Beta diversity is higher for zones with higher mean annual temperature, lower seasonality of temperature and greater topographic complexity. For each latitudinal zone, distance and environmental differences explain a greater proportion of the variance in ln J than distance, climate or topography does separately. Main conclusions The latitudinal gradient in beta diversity of North American mammals corresponds to a macroclimatic gradient of decreasing mean annual temperature and increasing seasonality of temperature from south to north. Most of the variance in spatial turnover is explained by distance and environmental differences jointly rather than distance, climate or topography separately. The high predictive power of geographical distance, climatic conditions and topography on spatial turnover could result from the direct effects of physical limiting factors or from ecological and evolutionary processes that are also influenced by the geographical template.
Effect of Preoperative Transthoracic Echocardiogram on Mortality and Surgical Timing in Elderly Adults with Hip Fracture.

Objectives To evaluate the effect of preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) on mortality, postoperative complications, surgical timing, and length of stay in individuals with surgically treated hip fracture. Design Retrospective chart review of hospital records. Setting Level I and II trauma centers. Participants Individuals consecutively surgically treated for hip fracture (N = 694). Measurements Demographic and injury characteristic, operative timing, preoperative echocardiogram, complications, mortality. Primary outcome measure was in hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality. Secondary outcome measures were complications (particularly cardiovascular) and time required for medical clearance and operative treatment. Results Preoperative TTE was performed on 131 individuals (18.9%). There was no difference between the TTE group and the control group in hospital (3.8% vs 1.8%, P = .18), 30-day (6.9% vs 6.6%, P = .90), or 1-year (20.6% versus 20.1%, P = .89) mortality. There was no significant difference in major cardiac complications. Average time from admission to operative treatment was 66.5 hours in the TTE group and 34.8 hours in the control group (P < .001). Average time from admission to medical clearance was 43.2 hours in the TTE group and 12.4 hours in the control group (P < .001). The TTE group also had a significantly longer length of stay (8.68 vs 6.44 days, P < .001). Conclusion Preoperative TTE was not associated with lower mortality in elderly adults with hip fracture in the short- or long-term postoperative period. TTE was associated with delayed surgical treatment and longer length of stay and resulted in no cardiac intervention (e.g., cardiac catheterization, stent, stress test).
Solar Energy Materials

The sun is the engine that drives our universe. It is the source of electromagnetic energy that makes it possible for life to flourish here. The continual presence of solar energy over many eons has facilitated our evolution. Early man recognized the overpowering importance of the sun by worshiping it. The same continual solar flux on earth resulted in the fossil fuels which we are depleting so rapidly.
Resistivity of epitaxial copper nanolines with trapezoidal cross-section

Abstract The resistivity of epitaxial Cu nanolines with line width ranging from 20 to 180 nm and line height from 40 to 50 nm was measured using a four-point probe technique. The Cu nanolines were fabricated using ebeam lithography with a polymethyl methacrylate bilayer resist system for improved line edge smoothness. The cross-section profile of the lines was examined using the focused ion beam milling technique. The results indicate that the cross-section should be more accurately described as trapezoidal rather than as rectangular. Using the trapezoidal profile, the electrical resistivity was calculated from the measured resistance data. Modeling based on the Fuchs–Sondheimer (FS) theory using the trapezoidal profile was also carried out. The results were compared with the experimentally calculated resistivity data. For Cu lines with line width less than 30 nm, the measured resistivity was shown to be up to 20% higher than the value predicted by the FS theory. Further examination of Cu lines using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was conducted to extract the surface roughness and line edge roughness information. Their contribution to the resistivity increase was estimated to be only up to 3% for the Cu nanolines fabricated, which did not significantly contribute to the overall resistivity for Cu lines with line width less than 30 nm. Other possible factors affecting the resistivity of the Cu nanolines were also discussed, including the oxide formation on the surface of the Cu lines.
Warping of Stiffened Composite Panels Due to Temperature Changes in the Curing Process

The Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project aims to develop aircraft technologies enabling significant reductions in fuel burn and community noise. Small incremental changes to the conventional metallic alloy-based ‘tube and wing’ configuration are not sufficient to achieve the desired metrics. One airframe concept that might dramatically improve aircraft performance is a composite-based hybrid wing body configuration. Such a concept, however, presents inherent challenges stemming from, among other factors, a requirement to manufacture large integral stiffened composite panels in a cost-efficient manner and with stringent geometric tolerances. This paper discusses modeling and analysis of thermal residual displacements that can result from temperature changes during the curing process of stiffened composite panels. Resulting geometric imperfections of two Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure panels are predicted using finite element analysis and compared with the measured geometries of cured panels. Good agreement is found. Attributes of measurements and finite element models affecting the quality of the results are discussed.
Effect of Tepa and Metepa on Ovarian Development of House Flies

Tepa and metepa were administered in the food of adult female house flies, Musca domestica L., at 1.0% concentration. Ovarian development was inhibited in some flies between the 24th and 48th hr. In other flies ovarian development was not inhibited and the oocytesin the 1st egg chambers, though smaller than normal in flies treated with tepa, were able to develop normally. The inhibited oocytes in the 1st egg chambers of the tepa- and treated ovaries began degenerating at 48 and 72 hr, respectively. The developed eggs of the tepa-treated ovaries began degenerating at 120 hr, whereas the developed eggs of the metepa-treated ovaries did not show any sign of degeneration. Degeneration of inhibited oocytes and noninhibited eggs became progressively more severe. The cells of the 2d egg chambers were either normal or in a degenerative condition in correlation with the condition of the cells in the 1st egg chambers. The 3d egg chambers became visible in some ovarioles at 96 hr in the tepa- treated ovaries and at 120 hr in the metepa-treated ovaries. None of the ftlies survived beyond 192 hours.
W-WO joins the deep Earth electrochemical series

The short-lived 182W-182Hf isotope system is useful for constraining early mantle and core differentiation processes (e.g., Klein et al. 2002), if its siderophile behavior is understood. With the publication of the bulk thermoelastic properties of the high-pressure polymorphs of WO2 in the January issue of American Mineralogist , Shofner et al. (2016) determine the relative energetics of the W-WO system as a function of pressure and temperature, thus defining the W-WO redox equilibrium relative to Fe-FeO, Ni-NiO, and Co-Co, at deep Earth conditions.
217 AVOIDING HYPEROXIA AND LONG-TERM MORBIDITY IN INFANTS # 1,250 GRAMS.

Background Avoiding hyperoxia in very low birth weight infants (VLBW) may contribute to the decrease of severe ROP (Chow et al. Pediatrics 2003;111). However, choosing an O2 saturation (SpO2) target that avoids hyperoxia may be associated with detrimental long term effects. Objective To determine the rate and severity of short- and long- term outcome in VLBW treated before and after the implementation of a change in practice aimed at avoiding hyperoxia. Design/Methods Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all infants # 1,250 g admitted to two Emory University NICUs from 1/00 through 12/04. A change in practice was instituted in January 2003 with the objective of avoiding hyperoxia in preterm infants. Prior to the change in policy, O2 saturation (SpO2) high alarms were set at 100% and low alarms at 92%. The target SpO2 aimed to avoid hyperoxia was 93 to 85%. Statistical analysis included bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyzing factors independently associated with SpO2 targets between the two periods. Results Between 1/00 and 12/04; 502 infants met enrollment criteria and 202 (40%) were born after change in policy. Birth weight (896 6 211 vs 886 6 219; p = 0.715), gestational age (26.9 6 2.3 vs 27.0 6 2.4; p = .850), and survival (82.3% vs 81.2%; p = .416) were similar between higher and lower saturation periods. The risk for any ROP was significantly lower in the infants treated with aim of avoiding hyperoxia (OR = 0.56 [95% CI = 0.37-0.85=]). The need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks9 corrected age (OR = 0.68 [95% CI = 0.46-0.95]) and the use of steroids for chronic lung disease (OR = 0.53 [95% CI = 0.29-0.93]) were also lower. There was no difference in the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (OR = 1.03 [95% CI = 0.96-1.1]), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (OR = 1.09 [95% CI = 0.67-1.54]), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (OR = 1.02 [95% CI = 0.43-3.38]). At 18 months corrected age (CA), the infants treated during the avoid hyperoxia period had similar Mental Developmental Index scores (MDI) (80.6 617.5 vs 81.8 6 18.5; p = .793) than those treated before and similar Psychomotor Developmental Index scores (PDI) (85.3 6 16.8 vs 89.2 6 16.8; p = .387). The proportion of infants with a MDI less than 70 (25.7% vs 18.2%; p = .320) and PDI less than 70 (19.1% vs 18.2%; p = .592) was similar between higher and lower saturation periods. Conclusions The change in practice to avoid hyperoxia was associated with a significant decrease in neonatal morbidity with no evidence of worse neurological short-term outcome (IVH and PVL). Additionally, avoiding hyperoxia is not associated with adverse long-term outcomes at 18 months CA.
Is public health between East and West? Analysis of wealth, health and mortality in Austria, Central and Eastern European Countries and Croatia relative to the European Union.

AIM To provide a conceptual framework for health planning activities in the "middle income" transition countries. METHOD Economic, demographic, and disease-related data in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, including Croatia and Austria, were compared to the Europen Union (EU) average. Data were selected from the databases provided by the World Health Organization, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Bank, United Nations, and the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. Life expectancy and mortality were extrapolated until the year 2000 by using an exponential growth model for the WHO time series data, starting in 1994. Death rates due to ischemic heart diseases (18%) and cerebrovascular diseases (13%) were selected to show frequent causes of death. RESULTS Relative to the EU average, the gross domestic product (GDP) share of health expenditures in transition countries was disproportionate to wealth and premature death. The population in CEE-countries was younger and the share of people aged >65 was predicted to remain about 15% below the EU average and Austria. For Croatia, the share of people aged 65 would be on the increase, similar to the share predicted for Austria (slightly above the EU average). Mortality of selected non-communicable, chronic diseases is predicted to increase and remain relatively high. Mortality rates due to infectious diseases have been declining but remained comparatively on a high level. CONCLUSIONS Coexistence of demographic and epidemiological transition along with high mortality rates due to infectious diseases creates a "double burden". Economic transition has the potential to comprise both the increase in wealth, and life and health expectancy.
Pathologic Features of Primary Colon, Rectal, and Anal Malignancies

In the United States, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, as well as the third leading cause of cancer deaths (Colorectal cancer facts & figures 2014–2016, 2014 [2]). Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of death and causes almost 700,000 deaths each year (Cancer: fact sheet No. 297, 2015 [55]). This chapter discusses the clinical and pathologic features of the spectrum of epithelial, hematolymphoid, and mesenchymal malignant tumors of the colon, rectum, appendix, and anus.
Inference by Factor Elimination

We present in this chapter a variation on the variable elimination algorithm, known as the jointree algorithm , which can be understood in terms of factor elimination. This algorithm improves on the complexity of variable elimination when answering multiple queries. It also forms the basis for a class of approximate inference algorithms that we discuss in Chapter 14. Introduction Consider a Bayesian network and suppose that our goal is to compute the posterior marginal for each of its n variables. Given an elimination order of width w , we can compute a single marginal using variable elimination in O ( n exp( w )) time and space, as we explained in Chapter 6. To compute all these marginals, we can then run variable elimination O ( n ) times, leading to a total complexity of O ( n 2 exp( w )). For large networks, the n 2 factor can be problematic even when the treewidth is small. The good news is that we can avoid this complexity and compute marginals for all networks variables in only O ( n exp( w )) time and space. This can be done using a more refined algorithm known as the jointree algorithm , which is the main subject of this chapter. The jointree algorithm will also compute the posterior marginals for other sets of variables, including all network families, where a family consists of a variable and its parents in the Bayesian network. Family marginals are especially important for sensitivity analysis, as discussed in Chapter 16, and for learning Bayesian networks, as discussed in Chapters 17 and 18.
Recognizing and Defeating Biases

This chapter attempts to delineate ways of identifying less obvious archaeological geophysics (AGP) biases and to provide means of redressing the lack of focus on small-scale hunter-gatherer sites. We cannot know where or from whom to expect innovation in Archaeology and we should be open to all new ideas for applying AGP techniques to it.
FRP-confined concrete filled PVC tubes: A new design concept for ductile column construction in seismic regions

Abstract In their recent work Fakharifar and Chen (2016) [1] have introduced and validated a new ductile design concept of confined concrete-filled polyvinyl-chloride tubular (CCFPT) columns through experimental and analytical studies. Confinement was provided with the use of a polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) tube and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrappings or FRP with a sandwiched layer of foam to enhance impact energy reduction due to potential FRP rupture and PVC fracture. In the present paper, additional flexural tests on CCFPT columns were undertaken to further investigate the structural behavior of the proposed system for column construction in seismic regions. Axial and flexural behavior of CCFPT columns was investigated with compressive and flexural tests, respectively, and compared with those of their corresponding concrete-filled polyvinyl-chloride tubular (CFPT) and FRP-wrapped (FW) columns. Test results obtained from 152 × 305 mm (6 × 12 in.) stub columns under axial loads and 152 × 1524 mm (6 × 60 in.) flexural beams under four-point loads indicated that the CCFPT columns can significantly enhance strength over the CFPT columns and enhance ductility over the FW columns. The transverse confining pressure from FRP wrapping and the interface property between the FRP and PVC proved critical in CCFPT design. Furthermore, the idea of introducing a cushioning foam layer between FRP layers and PVC to lessen the brittleness of FRP rupture in seismic regions proved effective.
Factors Associated With Publication Impact at Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Fellowships.

Objective Quantitative metrics for comparing fellowship programs are lacking in orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this work was to determine the publication citation frequency at shoulder and elbow fellowships in the United States and to identify factors associated with increased productivity. Methods American shoulder and elbow fellowship program faculty members in 2015 were identified. Research productivity metrics such as academic career duration, total publications, publications between 2010 and 2014 and total citations were recorded for each faculty member. Citations from total unique publications for each program were recorded. Factors associated with increased citation frequency of publications were identified. Results A total of 28 shoulder and elbow training programs with a total of 43 fellowship positions were included for analysis, and a total of 84 surgeons were identified as fellowship faculty. The median [interquartile range] number of citations for total publications from 2010 to 2014 was 1594 [708-4048] per program and 743 [331-1321] per faculty member. Medical school affiliation, number of fellowship faculty, and the fellowship faculty members׳ cumulative years of academic career duration were significantly associated with higher numbers of total program citations on univariate analysis. However, only cumulative faculty years of academic career duration remained significant on multivariate analysis ( F = 10.4, p Conclusions Total years of experience of a faculty in a fellowship program and medical school affiliation appear to be the most significant factors associated with increased publication citation frequency among many others. These data may be useful for prospective applicants evaluating fellowships and program leadership seeking to improve their academic productivity.
EXAMINING THE PATTANI CENTRAL MOSQUE AMID THE SOUTHERN THAILAND CONFLICT

Generally speaking, mosques and pondok (Islamic boarding schools) in Southern Thailand are regarded as place for fostering Muslim militants. In Pattani, many mosques are taken for granted as places to recruit Muslim militants against the Thai Government. For instance, Kru-Ze Mosque incident in 2004 had raised various militant, Islamist activities against the central government. In this regard, I believe that Pattani Central Mosque has non-violence elements that could be activated as a sanctuary to hinder the unjust violence. Therefore, this article will examine the real quality of Pattani Central Mosque in southern Thailand on the basis of its profile. Consequently, readers would grasp a general picture about those matters. Thus, by analyzing the religious practices within the mosque, I conclude that Pattani Central Mosque seems to be composed of a fairly equal mixture of moderate and more conservative Muslims instead of those with radical and extreme tendencies. Keywords: Mosque, Islamic teaching practices, Salafy-Wahaby
Properties of the Beta Subunit of the Chloroplast ATP Synthase

The F1 portion of the ATP synthase has three copies of the β subunit which is thought to contain the nucleotide-binding/catalytic sites of the enzyme. We recently described a procedure for isolating this important subunit from spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) and showed that it was able to restore both ATP hydrolysis and a low rate of ATP synthesis to chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum which lacked the native β subunit1.
Penal Substitutionary Atonement and Concern for Suffering: An Empirical Study:

The present study tested a hypothesized model of the degree of belief in penal substitutionary atonement (PSA) predicting a negative association with a sense of responsibility for reducing pain and...
Urban sustainability assessment of neighborhoods in Lombardy

Abstract The paper presents a contextualized system useful in the decision-making of Public Administrators for analysis and actions concerning urban sustainability and for monitoring neighborhood transformation processes. The system is developed with an approach made up by Inputs (available data from standards and laws and state-of-the-art), Controls (i.e. technical skills of Public Administrators) and Mechanisms (know-how and software used) which implement Outputs, the main elements of the system: Sustainability indicators, Benchmarks and Scores. The set of indicators chosen allows to consider many aspects of environmental sustainability as Resource Consumption (Energy, Materials, Water, Soil) and Environmental Impacts (Pollutant Emissions, Wastes and Vulnerability). The objective parameters of the indicators are based on a benchmarking activity in relation to the Lombardy context and in order to provide reachable target performance. Finally, a baseline of weighted scores of indicators is proposed to allow to reach a final overall score of sustainability of the neighborhood.
Plasmonic photonic crystal fiber polarization filter with asymmetry around Au-coated and liquid-filled air holes

A novel polarization filter based on plasmonic photonic crystal fiber with Au-coated and liquid-filled air holes is presented in this paper. The coupling theory is introduced to explain the complete coupling and incomplete coupling. We can adjust the resonance point to the communication band by optimizing the parameters of the fiber structure. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the resonance strength can reach 489.78 dB cm $$^{-1}$$ at the communication wavelength of 1.55 um in x-polarized direction. By filling liquid analyte the confinement loss can reach 572.55 dB cm $$^{-1}$$ at the wavelength of 1.55 um. When the fiber length of L equals to 800 um, the peak value of the crosstalk can reach 394.75 dB at the wavelength of 1.55 um, and the bandwidth of the crosstalk better than 20 dB is up to 180 nm when the length of the fiber L is 200 um. These features make it a promising candidate for designing new types of polarization filter devices.
Update on renal blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI to assess intrarenal oxygenation in chronic kidney disease.

Identifying subjects with progressive chronic kidney disease will be important both in clinical practice and in conducting clinical trials. Pruijm et al. (in this issue) demonstrate for the first time that cortical oxygenation as evaluated by blood oxygenation level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging can predict future loss of renal function. These observations provide the necessary stimulus to continue the development of renal blood oxygenation level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging to further improve the sensitivity and specificity to renal oxygenation and hence the predictive power.
Diffuse Gastric Ganglioneuromatosis: Novel Presentation of PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome—Case Report and Review of Gastric Ganglioneuromatous Proliferations and a Novel PTEN Gene Mutation

Gastrointestinal ganglioneuromatous proliferations are rare, most often found in the colon, and are three types: polypoid ganglioneuromas, ganglioneuromatous polyposis, and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. We present a case of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis in the posterior gastric wall in a nine-year-old female. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis located in the stomach. Only six cases of gastric ganglioneuromatous proliferations have previously been reported, two in English and none were diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. A diagnosis of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis is relevant for patient care because, unlike sporadic polypoid ganglioneuromas or ganglioneuromatous polyposis, most are syndromic. Diffuse ganglioneuromatosis is commonly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, and Cowden Syndrome, one of the phenotypes of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. The patient had the noted gastric diffuse ganglioneuromatosis, as well as other major and minor criteria for Cowden syndrome. Genetic testing revealed a novel frameshift mutation in the PTEN gene in the patient, her father, paternal aunt, and the aunt's son who is a paternal first cousin of the patient.
Promoting Student Engagement with Smartphone Technology

This article presents specific, tangible ways that professors can improve the success rate of their hybrid and online courses in rural settings in the state of Georgia, where the student populations are largely lower socio-economic and African-American. The goal is for this project to add to the overall discussion of pedagogical theory, as it relates to online and hybrid education.
Beneficial and Detrimental Manifestations of Age on CD8+ T-Cell Memory to Respiratory Pathogens

Increasing age is associated with a decline in adaptive immunity and poorer responses to vaccination. While specific immune defects have clearly been defined in the naive T-cell pool of aged individuals, much less is known about the memory T-cell pool. Current data suggest that T-cell memory generated in an aged individual has a reduced capacity to mediate recall responses due primarily to defects in the proliferative capacity of individual cells. These defective recall responses in the aged can be further compounded by the development of ‘holes’ in the T-cell repertoire due to a dwindling supply of naive T-cell precursors. In contrast, T-cell memory generated in young individuals undergoes a variety of changes over time including both an increase in the proliferative capacity of individual memory T-cells and a decrease in the overall efficacy of the recall response in the lung. Furthermore, the development of T-cell clonal expansions with age can have a dramatic impact on the makeup of the memory T-cell pool, thereby influencing the number of pathogenspecific T-cells capable of participating in the recall response. Collectively, these changes appear to reflect the redistribution of memory T-cell subsets within the memory T-cell pool and the dysregulation of memory T-cell homeostasis over time. This review outlines each of these processes and discusses their implications for vaccination in the elderly.
Combining Two Visual Cognition Systems Using Confidence Radius and Combinatorial Fusion

When combining decisions made by two separate visual cognition systems, simple average and weighted average using statistical means are used. In this paper, we extend the visual cognition system to become a scoring system using Combinatorial Fusion Analysis (CFA) based on each of the statistical means M1, M2, and M3 respectively. Eight experiments are conducted, structured CFA framework. Our main results are: (a) If the two individual systems are relatively good, the combined systems perform better, and (b) rank combination is often better than score combination. A unique way of making better joint decisions in visual cognition using Combinatorial Fusion is demonstrated.
Diagnosis and Endovascular Treatment of Vascular Lesions of the Spine and Spinal Cord

An extensive body of literature has appeared during the past three decades regarding the diagnosis of vascular lesions of the spine and spinal cord utilizing myelography, computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast enhancement or following myelography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with and without contrast enhancement, and spinal angiography. Progressive improvements in both spatial and contrast resolution of the nonangiographic imaging modalities during the past 20 years has cluminated in the ability of MRI to define, in exquisite fashion, the presence of abnormal vasculature and its effect on the spinal cord. The development of smaller catheters and better angiographic systems has led to superselective catheterization of paraspinal and intraspinal arteries for precise definition of the vascular abnormality. Endovascular therapy entails the deposition of liquid or particulate materials into the vascular lesion, and may be undertaken with a high degree of precision, given those technical angiographic developments. This chapter briefly reviews the normal anatomy, presents a simple classification of vascular lesions of the spine and spinal cord, describes the typical symptoms of spinal vascular lesions, and discusses the current radiographic diagnostic techniques. Examples of the major subtypes of spine and spinal cord vascular lesions are demonstrated, along with their endovascular treatment.
General Spinfection Protocol

This protocol was developed in the Salk STEM Cell Core to enable researchers to consistently and reproducibly produce reprogrammed iPS cells, the initial idea came via word of mouth reports of its effectiveness to increase the efficiency of viral transduction. It has most commonly been used on retrovirus and lentivirus factors. Initial evaluation of this method showed 5–10× increase in transduction efficiency.
Spatial Model of Elections in Turkey: Tracing Changes in the Party System in the 2000s

The Turkish political party system underwent significant changes during the first decade of the 21st century. While secularism and nationalism remained the defining issues of electoral politics, both the number and the ideological positions of parties in the political system changed considerably. In the 2002 elections, none of the parties from the previous parliament were able to pass the electoral threshold. The new parliament was formed by the members of the Justice and Development Party (AKP)—a new conservative party founded by the former members of Islamist parties—and the Republican People’s Party (CHP)—a party with a strong emphasis on a secularist agenda. In the 2007 elections, AKP consolidated their power by receiving 46.6 % of the votes while CHP increased their share of the vote by only 1.5 percentage points to 20.9 %. In addition, the Nationalist Action Party (MHP) and independent candidates supported by the pro-Kurdish Democratic Society Party (DTP) were able to win seats in the 2007 elections. In order to explain these changes, this paper applies the spatial model to the 2007 elections and compares the results to previous analyses of the 1999 and 2002 elections (Schofield et al. 2011). First, we run a pure spatial model to estimate the relative role of the ideological position and the valence of political parties in determining their electoral success. Second, we supplement the spatial model with the demographic characteristics of voters. Finally, we use simulations to determine whether a Nash equilibrium exists for the position of political parties or candidates.
10+2 agenda for public health in Nepal.

Public health has come a long way in Nepal , but there is still a long way to go. Over the past years some remarkable achievements have been made in millennium development goals, such as reduction of child mortality, maternal mortality and fertility. However, there still exist wide gaps in health coverage among different ethnic groups, geographic regions and gender. In this context, a 10+2 agenda is recommended for scaling-up essential health care in Nepal . These focus on equity, tackling malnutrition, prioritizing non-communicable diseases, preventing accidents, injuries and disabilities, promoting environmental health , harnessing the power of education and communication for behavior change, strengthening health systems, fostering public -private partnership, capitalizing on international health partnerships, as well as institutionalizing a culture of non-violence, and consolidating genuine democracy
Remote Operation: The Future of Education and Research in Electron Microscopy

The OSU-FEI Electron Microscopy Collaboratory multiplies the number of individuals who can experience hands-on advanced microscopy techniques. The microscopy classroom allows up to 33 attendees to operate, individually and in real time, electron microscopes as if they were sitting in front of the actual instruments. The communications link, a fast backbone augmented by Internet2, allows various microscopes to be operated from the classroom or by collaborators in another city. This system transforms the training of new users from a one-person-at-a-time session with an expert operator to a group collaborative activity that can include users from around the world.
Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Adsorbents: Effect of Pore Size, Regeneration, and Selectivity for Fluoride

AbstractFluoride uptake by porous hydroxyapatite ceramics is investigated through batch adsorption studies to determine the effect of varying the size of hydroxyapatite grains and pore size. It is ...
Willis coupling in underwater elastic Helmholtz resonators

Helmholtz resonators (HRs) have been central in many acoustic metamaterial devices. For example, one can use an array of HRs to obtain negative effective bulk modulus or a panel of HRs to achieve total absorption of low-frequency sound. The aforementioned applications are based on the local monopolar resonance of each HR. However, the HR behaves differently in water. The elastic modulus of the resonator wall can become comparable to the modulus of water making the resonant frequency much lower than the rigid wall case. Moreover, considering the wall elasticity and mass leads to large structural asymmetry and induces cross-coupling between pressure and velocity fields. In this talk, we provide a lumped element model in order to predict the resonant frequency of the elastic HR. The model is demonstrated by sound scattering from an elastic HR in the context of acoustic bianisotropy, or Willis behavior, following a recent paper [Li Quan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018]. It is found that both the pressure and velocity fields can generate monopole and dipole responses from an elastic HR. The explicit example of an elastic HR in a one-dimensional waveguide will be discussed.Helmholtz resonators (HRs) have been central in many acoustic metamaterial devices. For example, one can use an array of HRs to obtain negative effective bulk modulus or a panel of HRs to achieve total absorption of low-frequency sound. The aforementioned applications are based on the local monopolar resonance of each HR. However, the HR behaves differently in water. The elastic modulus of the resonator wall can become comparable to the modulus of water making the resonant frequency much lower than the rigid wall case. Moreover, considering the wall elasticity and mass leads to large structural asymmetry and induces cross-coupling between pressure and velocity fields. In this talk, we provide a lumped element model in order to predict the resonant frequency of the elastic HR. The model is demonstrated by sound scattering from an elastic HR in the context of acoustic bianisotropy, or Willis behavior, following a recent paper [Li Quan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018]. It is found that both the pressure and v...