cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy metabolism in healthy black Kenyan children.

1. Twenty-four healthy black Kenyan children, mean age 29 (SD 19) months, were studied over a 24 h period. Energy expenditure (EE) was determined using a ventilated-hood indirect calorimeter; measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Metabolizable energy intake was measured in twenty children. Anthropometric measurements were used to estimate surface area and lean body-weight. 2. The mean daily intake of metabolizable energy was 338.4 (SE 28.4) kJ/kg; 70% of gross dietary energy being provided by carbohydrate. The level of postprandial EE was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the resting level (12.6 (SE 0.47) and 11.38 (SE 0.37) kJ/kg per h respectively) while the level of the postprandial respiratory quotient (RQ) was similar to the resting level (0.94 (SE 0.02) and 0.98 (SE 0.03 respectively). In 33% of total observations of the resting RQ the value was more than 1.0. These findings suggest that short-term fat storage may be a normal feature of metabolism in children, and also that the energy cost of (postprandial) fat synthesis is increased by a high-carbohydrate diet. 3. Values for the resting metabolic rate and various estimators of body size were compared using regression analysis. It was evident that, in these young children with considerable variation in body composition, body-weight remained a satisfactory metabolic-size estimator.
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS: AN EXPLORATION OF EXTREMES

The universe is populated with objects from the commonplace (e.g. our sun) to the exotic (e.g. massive black holes) that convert gravitational energy into energetic particles via plasma processes mediated by magnetic fields. Their presence is also revealed by gamma-rays coming directly from interactions of those energetic particles with ambient material and magnetic fields. These energetic particles arrive at Earth from both within our own Milky Way galaxy and beyond. Three new missions are planned to study these energetic particles: 1) The Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) will study gamma rays with energies from 30 MeV to 300 GeV. 2) The Advanced Cosmic-ray Composition Experiment for the Space Station (ACCESS) will explore the highest energies to which supernovas within our own galaxy can accelerate particles ( ~106; E = 1015 eV; 103 times the highest energy reached in Earth based accelerators). 3) The Orbiting Wideangle Light collector (OWL) is being designed to use the Earth's atmosphere as a detector to study the highest energy quanta known in Nature. These particles are believed to be too energetic to be galactic in origin. They are 10s or perhaps even 106 times more energetic than those being studied by ACCESS. Theorists do not understand how they can both be produced by currently known processes in the most extreme astrophysical environments and reach us from those distances. This has led to speculation that they are remnants of the earliest moments of the Universe during which the force of gravity was separated from the nuclear, weak and electromagnetic forces.
Water consumption and time budgets of stabled pony (Equus caballus) geldings

Abstract A detailed description of the mechanics of drinking and a daylight time budget were obtained by observing 4 Shetland-type pony geldings that were housed in box stalls between 08.45 and 16.45 h during the spring. The ponies drank 3±1 times h−1, consuming 1.6±0.3 kg h−1. The ponies swallowed a mean of 15 times during each drinking bout and consumed 72±13 g of water per swallow. The inter-swallow interval was 2.1±0.8 s. Using 4030 instantaneous samples, the following time budget was determined. The ponies spent 57±6% of their time eating hay, 27±7% standing, 8±4% eating shavings, 2±1% moving, 3±2% resting, 2±3% grooming and less than 1% eliminating.
Phospholipase C and cofilin are required for carcinoma cell directionality in response to EGF stimulation

The epidermal growth factor (EGF)–induced increase in free barbed ends, resulting in actin polymerization at the leading edge of the lamellipodium in carcinoma cells, occurs as two transients: an early one at 1 min and a late one at 3 min. Our results reveal that phospholipase (PLC) is required for triggering the early barbed end transient. Phosphoinositide-3 kinase selectively regulates the late barbed end transient. Inhibition of PLC inhibits cofilin activity in cells during the early transient, delays the initiation of protrusions, and inhibits the ability of cells to sense a gradient of EGF. Suppression of cofilin, using either small interfering RNA silencing or function-blocking antibodies, selectively inhibits the early transient. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the early PLC and cofilin-dependent barbed end transient is required for the initiation of protrusions and is involved in setting the direction of cell movement in response to EGF.
Video Game Playing Effects on Obesity in an Adolescent with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study

Adolescent obesity has tripled in the past two decades, and adolescents with disabilities, specifically autism spectrum disorders (ASD), may be at greater risk for obesity due to the behavioral, physical, and psychosocial complications related to their disorder. This case study reports the effects of video game playing on an obese adolescent with ASD and illustrates the use of a multiple baseline single subject design. Over 12 weeks, the participant played inactive (6 weeks) and active video games (6 weeks) on the Wii console. Physiological data were evaluated weekly at home. Stress and anxiety were measured via the Stress Survey Schedule for Individuals with Autism and Other Pervasive Non-Developmental Disorders (SSS) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC-2) pre- and postintervention. The Therapy Attitude Inventory (TAI) was used to determine parental perception of video game playing as a socially valid intervention to reduce stress and anxiety. Results demonstrated that active video game playing slowed and/or reduced weight and BMI with minimal changes to waist-to-hip ratios, triceps skinfolds, and stress and anxiety. This study demonstrates how alternative methods for physical activity may be used to improve health outcomes of overweight/obese adolescents with ASD and suggests directions for future research.
Application of Decision Theory to Operation

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce a framework for the application of statistical decision theory to the operation of large-scale and complex water resources projects. In plain words, the chapter deals with a model that describes the process of data gathering, information generation based on those data, decision-making and evaluation of the consequences of the decisions. By providing measures of performance, the approach points the way to improving any hydrologic system that involves both an information and a response subsystem.
Self-Scheduling MPC Using LPV Models

This paper presents a self-scheduling MPC framework for plants described by LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) models. Such a controller adjusts to variations in plant dynamics by using measured values of the parameters in the control law. We apply the method to control of nonlinear plants approximated by LPV models constructed from multiple local linear models. In this context the parameters constitute model validity functions which are estimated on-line and used for scheduling MPC. Both quadratic programming based finite horizon MPC and min-max type LMI based MPC algorithms are discussed and applied to continuous and batch systems.
Constraints for upper mantle shear-wave models of the basin and range from surface-wave inversion

Several earthquakes in a limited region on the coast of Northern California and off the coast of Oregon have provided a set of broadband regional seismograms at Lajitas (LTX). The significant Love and Rayleigh waves contained in these waveforms have repetitively sampled the same source-receiver path within the Basin and Range province. Previous studies for this path (using a subset of these sources) of mantle S waves suggest a smoothly varying S velocity structure above 400 km followed by a strong gradient between 400 and 700 km. These data are unable to uniquely constrain the shear velocity at shallower depths. Surface-wave inversions are performed in order to refine the upper mantle S -wave model using group- and phase-velocity dispersion for periods between 10 and 100 sec. This period range gives good resolution for sub-Moho depths extending into the low-velocity zone. Group velocities are extracted by multiple filter analysis and show significant differences for events on- and off-shore at periods around 50 sec. This effect can be shown to be an interference pattern with the mantle S body-wave arrivals. As single-station data were used, phase velocities are estimated by phase-matched filtering. The recovered surface-wave dispersion data are used in an inversion procedure to recover a shear-wave structure for the Basin and Range path to LTX that consists of a relatively thin mantle lid underlain by a low-velocity channel extending to a depth of 200 km. Structure below 200 km is poorly resolved and trades off with shallower structure. The Rayleigh-wave group-velocity data favor shear-velocity models with a ridge within the low-velocity zone with velocities 0.05 to 0.2 km/sec higher than the background.
Activation parameters of high-temperature creep in polycrystalline nickel at ambient and high pressures

Polycrystalline specimens of pure nickel were deformed in uniaxial compression at temperatures of 1000–1550 K, strain rates of 1×10−5-3×10−3s−1 and pressures of 0.1–1500 MPa, in order to determine the activation parameters of high temperature creep. Experiments at 0.1 MPa were conducted in an MTS apparatus with the specimen immersed in a molten heat-treating salt to prevent oxidation. The data show a decreasing power-law stress exponent with decreasing normalized steady-state flow stress (σ/G), approaching the “natural law” value of n=3 at normalized stresses <10−4. In contrast, the activation energy is constant over our range of temperatures (T/Tm = 0.55−0.90), and is indistinguishable from the activation energy of self-diffusion (284 kJ/mol). High pressure experiments were conducted in a modified piston-cylinder apparatus using the same molten heat-treating salt for the confining medium. The small activation volume could not be resolved; however, the trend of the high pressure data parallels that of the 0.1 MPa data with a systematic offset, and is consistent with the measured activation volume of self diffusion. Specimens deformed at 0.1 MPa exhibited significant strain-enhanced grain growth; this effect is greatly reduced under hydrostatic pressure, whereas subgrain size was less affected.
Children, Adolescents, and Television—1989: 1. Television Violence: A Critique

Gadow and Sprafkin in this issue of Pediatrics reviewed the findings of 20 field experiments in which the short-term effects of viewing aggressive television shows were examined. Unfortunately, their review omits the more interesting and important studies—those in which the relationships between natural viewing habits of children and their social, cognitive, and emotional development were discussed. Contrived experiments, whether in the laboratory or in the field, do not take into account the cumulative effects of television viewing throughout an extended period of time. Programs chosen by the investigators for viewing in the laboratory or in the field may not be the programs that children, in fact, watch on a regular basis.
The Nature of Statistical Supply Curves

The responsiveness of supply to price is matter of great economic importance, yet it is only within the past fifteen years that any attempts have been made to study it empirically. During this fifteen-year period, however, the statistical attack has been carried forward with such vigor by Ezekiel, Bean, Schultz, Smith, Leontief, and others that substantial gains have already been made. It is in order to consolidate those gains that we pause today for some critical discussion and appraisal. The particular object of the present paper is to consider the economic implications of the various statistical methods that have been employed. Adopting a classification appropriate to our purpose we may divide the studies that have been made into two main classes: first those in which conclusions about the responsiveness of supply are based upon investigations into the underlying conditions of production; and second those in which the conclusions are based directly on analyses of past experience with respect to prices paid and the responses actually associated with them. The first of these methods although fundamentally sound and naturally attractive to both economists and business men is of little practical value. Cost of production studies such as those made by the Tariff Commission can tell us very little about the probable responsiveness of supply, and the familiar bulk-line curves commonly derived from these studies have proved to be positively misleading. A more refined type of production analysis, employing methods of hypothetical substitution rather than methods of cost accounting, has been suggested by J. D. Black2 as a means of deriving what he calls "synthetic supply curves," but actual studies of this sort have not yet been carried beyond the most elementary stages. More important for immediate practical purposes are the studies which belong to the second main class mentioned above. namely those which are based directly on observed past experience with respect to responses. Within this class we may draw a further distinction between those studies in which the quantities supplied are related to the prices prevailing at the time
Neo-Classical Criticism of the Ode for Music

The power of music all our hearts allow, And what Timotheus was is Dryden now. —Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism Augustan England was no nest of singing birds. An age of prose and reason found small predilection for those melodious bursts that fill The spacious times of great Elizabeth With sounds that echo still.
Memorable Messages of Social Support That Former High School Athletes Received From Their Head Coaches

Social support is an important resource that coaches provide to athletes. However, the specific messages that coaches utilize to support athletes have remained overlooked. This study examines the m...
TRYPTOPHAN METABOLITE EXCRETION IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES DEMONSTRATING A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RHEUMATOID SPONDYLITIS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

SummaryUrinary excretion of kynurenine was measured in a group of patients with various connective tissue diseases and compared to normal controls. Elevated kynurenine excretion was found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythema-tosus, and in 2 patients with polymyositis; whereas excretion of kynurenine in patients with scleroderma and rheumatoid spondylitis was not significantly different from normal controls. The demonstrated difference in kynurenine excretion between patients with rheumatoid spondylitis and those with rheumatoid arthritis in this study provides additional evidence that the two conditions are distinct clinical entities.The valuable technical assistance of Miss Geneva Blackburn is gratefully (acknowledged. The authors also wish to thank Miss Carol Brewster for supervision of the diet used in this study.
Self-Reduction of Displaced Bucket-Handle Medial Meniscal Tear in a 71-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report.

Background:Bucket-handle meniscal tears are rare in geriatric patients. Displaced bucket-handle meniscal tears are usually treated operatively. Due to the rarity of these tears in elderly patients ...
TSCAN: Pseudo-time reconstruction and evaluation in single-cell RNA-seq analysis

When analyzing single-cell RNA-seq data, constructing a pseudo-temporal path to order cells based on the gradual transition of their transcriptomes is a useful way to study gene expression dynamics in a heterogeneous cell population. Currently, a limited number of computational tools are available for this task, and quantitative methods for comparing different tools are lacking. Tools for Single Cell Analysis (TSCAN) is a software tool developed to better support in silico pseudo-Time reconstruction in Single-Cell RNA-seq ANalysis. TSCAN uses a cluster-based minimum spanning tree (MST) approach to order cells. Cells are first grouped into clusters and an MST is then constructed to connect cluster centers. Pseudo-time is obtained by projecting each cell onto the tree, and the ordered sequence of cells can be used to study dynamic changes of gene expression along the pseudo-time. Clustering cells before MST construction reduces the complexity of the tree space. This often leads to improved cell ordering. It also allows users to conveniently adjust the ordering based on prior knowledge. TSCAN has a graphical user interface (GUI) to support data visualization and user interaction. Furthermore, quantitative measures are developed to objectively evaluate and compare different pseudo-time reconstruction methods. TSCAN is available at https://github.com/zji90/TSCAN and as a Bioconductor package.
Gram-Negative Endocarditis Following Cystoscopy

AbstractPatients with bacteriuria are at risk for local and distant infectious complications at the time of urologic procedures. The American Heart Association recommends that penicillin and streptomycin be given prophylactically to patients with rheumatic or congenital heart disease without reference to the presence or absence of bacteriuria. A patient with unrecognized calcification of the mitral annulus who underwent cystoscopy for evaluation of urinary retention is reported. Although bacteriuria was present preoperatively antibiotics were not given. Subsequently, Serratia marcescens and possibly Proteus morgani mitral valve infection developed and the patient died. Calcification of the mitral valve annulus and an extensive urinary tract infection were identified at autopsy.This case suggests that calcification of the mitral annulus may be an endocarditis risk factor. The spectrum of prophylactic antibiotic coverage given at the time of urologic procedures to patients with congenital or acquired heart ...
International Antitrust Cooperation and the Preference for Nonbinding Regimes

Today, multinational corporations operate in increasingly international markets, yet antitrust laws regulating their competitive conduct remain national. Thus, corporations are subject to divergent antitrust regimes across the various jurisdictions in which they operate. This increases transaction costs, causes unnecessary delays, and raises the likelihood of conflicting decisions. The risks inherent in multi-jurisdictional regulatory review were prominently illustrated in the proposed GE/Honeywell acquisition, which failed following the European Union’s (“EU”) decision to prohibit the transaction despite its earlier approval in the United States. Inconsistent remedies imposed on Microsoft following parallel investigations by both the U.S. and EU authorities serve as another example of the regulatory burdens companies face when dealing with multiple antitrust investigations.
Clinical and Pathologic Issues in Patients with Amyloidosis: Practical Comments Regarding Diagnosis, Therapy, and Solid Organ Transplantation

Diagnosis of amyloidosis should ideally occur at a relatively early stage in the disease process, prior to significant organ dysfunction. This requires consideration of the diagnosis by both clinicians and pathologists. Amyloidosis should be suspected in any patient with unexplained nephrotic range proteinuria, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly, or symptoms of bowel pseudo-obstruction; it should also be suspected in patients with underlying plasma cell and related disorders where a paraprotein may be produced. Diagnosis of amyloidosis requires detection in tissue section of amyloid deposits based on their affinity to Congo red stain and birefringence under polarized light. The next step involves determination of whether the disease process is systemic versus only localized and determination of the amyloid protein type. Patients who do prove to have localized disease may require local therapy such as laser, radiation therapy, or surgery. However, the management of localized amyloidosis associated with extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma continues to evolve. Abdominal fat biopsy may be applied to screening for suspected amyloidosis or to establish its systemic nature. The most critical step in the management of patients with a newly diagnosed amyloidosis is distinction between systemic light chain (AL) versus other amyloidoses. While patients with systemic AL are treated with chemotherapy, other amyloidoses may be managed with liver transplantation; pharmacologic therapies are also in trials. Management of patients with amyloidosis also requires reevaluations for response to treatment, disease relapse, and/or development of complications. This chapter summarizes the clinical issues in patients with amyloidosis and provides practical advice to pathologists involved in their care.
Modeling dynamic fragmentation of heterogeneous brittle materials

Abstract Extreme high-rate loading of structural materials triggers a complex process of fragmentation involving probabilistic, energetic and mechanical aspects. One-dimensional modeling approaches based on elastodynamics have been successfully used to predict strain-rate dependence of average fragment-size. However, the ability of such approaches to correctly predict the statistical distribution of fragment-size has not been quantitatively compared with experiments. In this work, we use a one-dimensional approach based on the model suggested by Zhou et al. [1] to assess dynamic fragmentation in glass, concrete and masonry. The model considers a one-dimensional bar under a uniform initial tensile strain rate, with spatially varying strength to represent variations in the materials microstructure. The results include fragment-size, fragment-mass and time of formation distributions for strain rates between 103 and 105 s - 1 . Results show that the generalized gamma distribution is highly suitable for describing the fragment-size statistics. Given uncertainty in the standard deviation of the strength, a parametric study was performed to assess the effects of these variations on the fragmentation statistics. The trend in the rate-dependence of average fragment-size shows good agreement with measurements from shock tube experiments for all the materials studied. However, the estimated parameters of the fragment-size distribution from the 1D modeling approach do not compare well with the measurements from shock tube experiments for three common brittle materials studied in this work. Particularly, the predicted distribution of fragment-size extracted for a single value of strain rate exhibits a smaller variance than that observed in the experiments. A formulation that includes the heterogeneity of strain rates in the shock tube tests is proposed towards the development of quantitatively validated fragmentation models.
SmartSock: A wearable platform for context-aware assessment of ankle edema

Ankle edema an important symptom for monitoring patients with chronic systematic diseases. It is an important indicator of onset or exacerbation of a variety of diseases that disturb cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic system such as heart, liver, and kidney failure, diabetes, etc. The current approaches toward edema assessment are conducted during clinical visits. In-clinic assessments, in addition to being burdensome and expensive, are sometimes not reliable and neglect important contextual factors such as patient's physical activity level and body posture. A novel wearable sensor, namely SmartSock, equipped with accelerometer and flexible stretch sensor embedded in clothing is presented. SmartSock is powered by advanced machine learning, signal processing, and correlation techniques to provide real-time, reliable, and context-rich information in remote settings. Our experiments on human subjects indicate high confidence in activity and posture recognition (with an accuracy of > 96%) as well as reliable edema quantification with intra-class correlation and Pearson correlation of 0.97.
Low-Frequency Fatigue Assessed as Double to Single Twitch Ratio after Two Bouts of Eccentric Exercise of the Elbow Flexors

The aim of this study was to assess low-frequency fatigue as a double to single twitch ratio after repeated eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Maximal isometric torque, single and double twitch responses and low-frequency fatigue were assessed on the elbow flexors in 16 untrained male volunteers before, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours following two bouts of eccentric exercise consisted of 30 repetitions of lowering a dumbbell adjusted to ~75% of each individual's maximal isometric torque. Maximal isometric torque and electrically evoked responses decreased significantly in all measurements after the first bout of eccentric exercise (p < 0.05). In measurements performed at 24 and 48 hours after the second bout both maximal voluntary isometric torque and electrically evoked contractions were significantly higher than in measurements performed after the first bout (p < 0.05). Although low-frequency fatigue significantly increased up to 48 hours after each bout of eccentric exercise, its values at 24 and 48 hours after the second bout were significantly lower than at respective time points after the first bout (p < 0.05). Double to single twitch ratio could be used as a sensitive tool in the evaluation of muscle recovery and adaptation to repeated eccentric exercise.
Dynamics of Atomic Motions in Liquids and Cold Neutron Scattering

Publisher Summary Neutron spectroscopy has proved to be a powerful tool in the study of the dynamics of atomic motions in solids. This chapter provides an overview of the atomic motions in a liquid that are very complex and are not simple harmonic motions like that in a solid. One very characteristic feature of the scattered neutron energy spectra in liquids is that there is a narrow quasi-elastic peak sitting nicely on an almost flat scattering background, the latter corresponding to inelastic scattering. This broad observation indicates that there are two timescales as far as the motion of an atom in a liquid is concerned, one being a short-time scale and the other a long-time scale. The behavior of an atom in a liquid is very much like its behavior in a gas but on the long-time scale, the atom stays in its locality for some time (∼ 10∼12 sec), where it makes a very complicated vibratory motion and then jumps to the next position.
Abstract CN03-02: Modeling past and future smoking patterns in the U.S

To evaluate the impact of tobacco control interventions on smoking-related mortality it is essential to develop smoking histories over the life course of different birth cohorts. Analyses that extend the detail beyond prevalence in order to also include initiation, cessation and intensity has received limited attention. US National Health Interview Surveys conducted from 1965-2009 provided cross-sectional information on current smoking behavior. Some of these surveys also provided additional detail on age at initiation and cessation, and smoking intensity. Age-period-cohort models with constrained natural splines were adjusted for survival differences by smoking status to obtain estimates of the prevalence of current, former and never smokers for ages 35-99 in cohorts beginning in 1890. This approach also yielded yearly estimates of initiation, cessation and smoking intensity for each birth cohort which were projected forward through 2050 based on recent trends. These summaries show clear trends by gender, cohort and age over time. If current patterns persist, a slow decline in smoking prevalence is projected from 2010 through 2040. This new method of generating smoking histories has been included in the National Cancer Institute9s Smoking History Generator which can be used in micro-simulation models to assess the impact of alternative tobacco control strategies. Citation Format: Theodore R. Holford. Modeling past and future smoking patterns in the U.S. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN03-02.
Dwelling in equivocation

Comment on de la Cadena, Marisol. 2015. Earth beings: Ecologies of practice across Andean worlds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Brief Motivational Intervention for Underage Young Adult Drinkers: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND While there is a substantial literature on the efficacy of brief motivational intervention (BMI) for college student drinkers, research has focused less on young adults who do not attend a 4-year college, despite their elevated risk for excessive alcohol use and associated harmful consequences. METHODS This randomized controlled trial (NCT01546025) compared the efficacy of BMI to a time-matched attention control intervention (relaxation training [REL]) for reducing alcohol consumption and related negative consequences in an underage young adult sample. BMI was tailored to the developmental transition out of high school for young adults who were not immediately planning to enroll in a 4-year college. Non-treatment-seeking underage drinkers who reported past-month heavy drinking (N = 167; ages 17 to 20; 42% female; 59% non-Hispanic White) were randomly assigned to receive a single session of BMI or REL. Outcomes were evaluated 6 weeks and 3 months postintervention via in-person assessments. RESULTS Generalized estimating equation models provided strong support for the efficacy of BMI for reducing harmful drinking in these young adults. Compared to REL, and after controlling for baseline covariates including gender, those who received BMI subsequently reported significantly fewer average drinks per week, percent drinking days, percent heavy drinking days, lower peak and typical estimated blood alcohol concentration on drinking days, and fewer adverse consequences of drinking (all ps < 0.05). These between-group effects did not weaken over the course of the 3-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate an efficacious approach to tailoring BMI for non-college-attending young adults. Future research should replicate and extend these findings over a longer follow-up period.
Erythroid cell differentiation.

The study of erythroid cell differentiation is pertinent to the study of human leukemia from two points of view. First, since a common stem cell gives rise to both erythroid and myeloid cells, it is not unexpected that disorders of myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation should be occasionally associated with abnormalities of erythroid cell differentiation. In fact in many cases of human leukemia, there are abnormalities of erythroid cells. Secondly, the study of erythroid cell differentiation can serve as an experimental model for the study of normal and abnormal gene expression, a topic of vital importance to the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of human leukemia. The erythoid cell provides a number of advantages as a model system for the study of the control of gene expression. This highly specialized cell devotes approximately 95% of its protein synthesis to the production of one protein, hemoglobin, and therefore only a limited number of the cell’s genes are expressed. In addition, a number of biochemical techniques are currently available for the isolation, characterization and quantitation of globin messenger RNA (mRNA), the necessary intermediary between globin gene expression and globin chain synthesis.
Media performance, agenda building, and democratization in East Africa

This chapter explores the topic of media performance, agenda building, and democratization in East Africa as part of communication and societies in transition
Dinosaur death trap.

The article discusses an expedition to the Gobi Desert of Inner Mongolia by a team of paleontologists who discovered evidence of a graveyard, which included the remains of more than 12 fossilized ostrich-like dinosaurs called Sinornithomimus dongi. According to the author, the evidence at the site suggests that the dinosaur fossils were not deposited there over a period of time, but instead the dinosaurs all died at the same time. Topics include an overview of what researchers have learned about the structure of dinosaur society, the way in which dinosaurs interacted, and the division of labor among adults and juveniles by studying the mass grave. INSET: Remains of the Dead.
Selective toxicity of caffeic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Abstract Caffeic acid is a natural phytochemical structurally similar to other cinnamic acids. In this study we found caffeic acid (CA) but not ferulic, sinapic or cinnamic acids inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) and reduced cell numbers by inducing apoptosis. Only transient exposure to CA was required for these lethal effects that are associated with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of reactive oxygen species. By comparison, primary hepatocytes resisted CA toxicity for nearly 48 h, consistent with selective sensitivity of HCC to CA. These results support use of CA as an anti-tumor agent to inhibit HCC, especially if delivered by locoregional catheterization in an embolization procedure.
Diagnosis of a tick-borne coinfection in a patient with persistent symptoms following treatment for Lyme disease

A 67-year-old woman presented with 5 days of myalgias and fevers on completion of a 21-day course of amoxicillin for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi infection). She was found to have profound thrombocytopenia, as well as new anaemia and leucopenia. Workup revealed Babesia microti as the causative agent of her symptoms. The patient quickly improved after appropriate antimicrobial therapy directed against babesiosis was started. This case illustrates the importance of basic microbiology, including epidemiology and common vectors, when creating a differential diagnosis. Because the Ixodes scapularis tick can harbour and transmit multiple parasites simultaneously, the possibility of coinfection should be considered in any patient not responding to appropriate initial medical therapy.
Impact of chelation timing on gadolinium deposition in rats after contrast administration.

Abstract Objective To determine if gadolinium (Gd) can be rechelated once released from Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and deposited in vivo. Despite extensive research comparing GBCAs and GBCA formulations as well as the ongoing debate about their risks of deposition and the role of Gd release, it remains unknown if retained Gd can be eliminated by administering chelating agents. Materials and methods Rats were injected intravenously with 10 doses of 1 mmol/kg gadodiamide and treated with intravenous Zn-DTPA (30 μmol/kg) concomitantly or 1, 4 or 8 h after GBCA administration (N = 3 rats per group). After euthanization, tissues were harvested three days after the last dose of gadodiamide and tissue Gd concentrations were assessed by ICP-MS. Additionally, a simulation of a single 0.1 mmol/kg gadopentetate dose with 30 μmol/kg DTPA given either concomitantly or within the first 24 h after GBCA was run; simulated tissue Gd concentrations were compared with those observed in rats to determine if simulated trends were accurate. Results Concomitant DTPA did not produce a significant reduction in Gd concentration in any organ for rats. There was a time-dependent trend in liver Gd reduction. The 1 h timepoint was associated with a non-significant increase in kidney, brain and femur Gd relative to untreated controls. There were no significant deviations from the model-predicted Gd changes. Discussion Both the simulation and rat study did not identify major benefits for chelation at the doses given, despite the simulation assuming all Gd deposited in tissues is unchelated. The potential redistribution in the rat study provide a compelling result that may impact the clinical relevance of further work investigating rechelation of Gd. Future work should further describe the three-dimensional dose-time-response relationship for preventing Gd deposition, and how that relates to long-term Gd toxicities.
Theoretical bounds and approximation of the probability mass function of future hospital bed demand

Failing to match the supply of resources to the demand for resources in a hospital can cause non-clinical transfers, diversions, safety risks, and expensive under-utilized resource capacity. Forecasting bed demand helps achieve appropriate safety standards and cost management by proactively adjusting staffing levels and patient flow protocols. This paper defines the theoretical bounds on optimal bed demand prediction accuracy and develops a flexible statistical model to approximate the probability mass function of future bed demand. A case study validates the model using blinded data from a mid-sized Massachusetts community hospital. This approach expands upon similar work by forecasting multiple days in advance instead of a single day, providing a probability mass function of demand instead of a point estimate, using the exact surgery schedule instead of assuming a cyclic schedule, and using patient-level duration-varying length-of-stay distributions instead of assuming patient homogeneity and exponential length of stay distributions. The primary results of this work are an accurate and lengthy forecast, which provides managers better information and more time to optimize short-term staffing adaptations to stochastic bed demand, and a derivation of the minimum mean absolute error of an ideal forecast.
Comments on “Density, dynamic viscosity, excess properties and intermolecular interaction of triethylene glycol + N,N-dimethylformamide binary mixture”

Abstract A polemic is given concerning the calculated partial molar volumes reported by Hao and coworkers for binary mixtures containing triethylene glycol and N,N-dimethylformamide. The authors' published partial molar volumes fail to correctly describe the molar volumes of the individual binary mixtures. Moreover the published partial molar volumes, V ¯ 1 and V ¯ 2, at mole fraction compositions of triethylene glycol and N,N-dimethylformamide of unity, respectively, differ appreciably from the calculated values based on the molar masses and densities of both neat mono-solvents.
LGBTQ Microaggressions and Microaffirmations in Families: Scale Development and Validation Study.

Subtle experiences of both invalidation and support are common for LGBTQ adolescents within their family systems. LGBTQ microaggressions increase the risk for negative health outcomes, while small ...
Perovskite Downconverters for Efficient, Excellent Color-Rendering, and Circadian Solid-State Lighting

Advances in materials, color rendering metrics and studies on biological effects promote the design for novel solid-state lighting sources that are highly energy efficient, excellent at color rendering and healthy for human circadian rhythms. Recently, perovskite nanocrystals have emerged as narrow-band, low-cost, color-tunable downconverters, elevating the design and development of solid-state lighting to a new level. Here, we perform a systematic optimization of using perovskite nanocrystals as downconverters to simultaneously optimize vision energy efficiency, color rendering quality and circadian action effect of lighting sources at both fixed and tunable color temperatures. Further analysis reveals the inherent differences in central wavelength and bandwidth preferences for different cases, providing a general guideline for designing circadian lighting. Through systematic optimization, highly efficient circadian lighting sources with excellent color rendering can be achieved.
Ten year treatment complication outcomes of radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiation therapy versus brachytherapy for 1,503 patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer.

67Background: To compare 10 year treatment complication outcomes of radical prostatectomy(RP) vs external beam radiation therapy(EBRT) vs brachytherapy(BT) for patients with intermediate risk prost...
Followup mammography after breast conservation therapy: Is 3D Tomosynthesis(3DT) worth it?

6628Background: Screening three-dimensional tomosynthesis mammography (3DT) is more cost-effective than two-dimensional mammography (2DM) for detecting breast cancer, however cost-effectiveness as ...
Mu opioid receptor regulation of glutamate efflux in the central amygdala in response to predator odor.

Abstract The amygdala plays an important role in the responses to predator threat. Glutamatergic processes in amygdala regulate the behavioral responses to predator stress, and we have found that exposure to ferret odor activates glutamatergic neurons of the basolateral amygdala [BLA] which are known to project to the central amygdala [CeA]. Therefore, we tested if predator stress would increase glutamate release in the rat CeA using in vivo microdialysis, while monitoring behavioral responses during a 1 h exposure to ferret odor. Since injections of mu opioid receptor [MOR] agonists and antagonists into the CeA modulate behavioral responses to predator odor, we locally infused the MOR agonist DAMGO or the MOR antagonist CTAP into the CeA during predator stress to examine effects on glutamate efflux and behavior. We found that ferret odor exposure increased glutamate, but not GABA, efflux in the CeA, and this effect was attenuated by tetrodotoxin. Interestingly, increases in glutamate efflux elicited by ferret odor exposure were blocked by infusion of CTAP, but CTAP did not alter the behavioral responses during predator stress. DAMGO alone enhanced glutamate efflux, but did not modulate glutamate efflux during predator stress. These studies demonstrate that ferret odor exposure, like other stressors, enhances glutamate efflux in the CeA. Further, they suggest that activation of MOR in the CeA may help shape the defensive response to predator odor and other threats.
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN INCIDENCE OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK, REVASCULARIZATION, AND OUTCOMES OF STEMI FROM 2005-16

This study aimed to assess trends in outcomes associated with the type of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The principal diagnosis from the data of the US National Inpatient Sample 2005-16 was used to identify and stratify STEMI patients according to the type of MI into the anterior wall
Ionic liquid stabilized nanoparticle additive in a steel-ceramic contact for extreme pressure application

Abstract This study presents and discusses the friction, wear and extreme pressure behavior of nanoparticles suspended in a gear base oil. Zero, 0.5, 1 and 2 %wt diamond and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were separately dispersed in base stock and stabilized using a phosphonium ionic liquid. A rotary alumina ceramic ball on 20MnCr5 gear steel disc configuration was used to quantify the tribological performance of the formulated nanofluids. The results showed that the ionic liquid stabilizer in the base stock bonded to the surface of the disk resulted in the best anti-friction behavior but was accompanied by increased wear. The unique structure of diamond nanoparticles produced the best anti-wear behavior. Both diamond and ZnO nanoparticles stabilized with ionic liquid were effective in preventing scuffing. Thus, the nanoparticles have potential to be extreme pressure additives for gear oil applications. All concentrations of diamond nanoparticles and ZnO nanoparticles resulted in smoother surfaces after testing due to the nanoparticles acting as three body wear polishing agents.
Dissemination and Implementation of Suicide Research in the Department of Defense: Perspective from the Military Suicide Research Consortium

To describe the development and approach of a Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) core created within the Military Suicide Research Consortium, a funding consortium of the Department of Defense,...
Sex Hormone Therapy and Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentration in Dried Blood Spots: Primary Results of the Interactions Between Antiretrovirals And Transgender Hormones Study

Background Pilot studies showed lower tenofovir plasma concentrations during PrEP use among transgender women (TGW) using feminizing hormones compared with cisgender men (CGM). Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in TGW and transgender men (TGM) using gender affirming hormones and on directly observed dosing of PrEP have not been studied. Methods TGM and TGW on at least 6 months of stable sex hormone therapy containing testosterone or estradiol (respectively) were enrolled in a 4-week study of directly observed dosing of daily oral co-formulated emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF). TFV-DP in dried blood spots and sex hormones in serum were measured at weekly intervals. TFV-DP was compared with 2 and 4 week samples from DOT-DBS (NCT02022657). Results From May 2017 to June 2018, 24 TGM and 24 TGW were enrolled; one TGM withdrew prior to 4 weeks of PrEP. Ethnicity (non-exclusive) was 27 (57%) white, 10 (21%) black, and 15 (32%) latinx. The median age was 31 (IQR 28 to 40). Of TGW, 9 (38%) took spironolactone in addition to estradiol. Testosterone (total and free) and estradiol concentrations were comparable before and after 4 weeks of PrEP use in TGM and TGW respectively. Historical controls comprised of 17 cisgender women (CGW) and 15 CGM. TFV-DP concentrations at week 4 were comparable between TGW and TGM (mean difference -6%; 95% CI -21% to 12%; P=0.47), comparable between TGW and CGM (mean difference -12%; 95% CI -27% to 7%; P=0.21) and were lower among TGM compared with CGW (mean difference -23%; 95% CI -36% to -7%; P=0.007). All persons in all groups were projected to reach the TFV-DP threshold that has been associated with high protection from HIV. There were no associations between serum estradiol or free testosterone concentrations and TFV-DP. Conclusion CGM, TGM, and TGW had comparable TFV-DP concentrations in DBS after 4 weeks of directly observed daily FTC/TDF PrEP use. Serum hormone concentrations were not affected by FTC/TDF PrEP use.
XIAP's Profile in Human Cancer.

XIAP, the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, regulates cell death signaling pathways through binding and inhibiting caspases. Mounting experimental research associated with XIAP has shown it to be a master regulator of cell death not only in apoptosis, but also in autophagy and necroptosis. As a vital decider on cell survival, XIAP is involved in the regulation of cancer initiation, promotion and progression. XIAP up-regulation occurs in many human diseases, resulting in a series of undesired effects such as raising the cellular tolerance to genetic lesions, inflammation and cytotoxicity. Hence, anti-tumor drugs targeting XIAP have become an important focus for cancer therapy research. RNA–XIAP interaction is a focus, which has enriched the general profile of XIAP regulation in human cancer. In this review, the basic functions of XIAP, its regulatory role in cancer, anti-XIAP drugs and recent findings about RNA–XIAP interactions are discussed.
Uniform Roe Algebras and Geometric RD Property

We survey an early work of the authors on the notion of geometric RD property for a uniformly locally finite metric space. We show that metric spaces of polynomial growth satisfy this property. Associated to a metric space X with the geometric RD property we define a Frechet space BS2(X) which in fact is a smooth and dense subalgebra of the uniform Roe algebra of the space X. This resulted an alternate proof of a result of the first named author on the nonexistence of positive scalar curvature on certain manifolds.