cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and affective responses to successful coping during smoking cessation

Based on Marlatt's relapse model, this study examined the previously unexplored role of cognitive and affective responses that follow successful coping experiences during smoking cessation. Twenty-six smokers completed self-report measures of attribution, efficacy, and affect in response to smoking cessation behaviors during treatment and at 2-, 4-, and 8-week follow-ups. Subjects abstinent at 3-month follow-up were more likely to attribute their successful quitting behaviors to more internal, stable, and controllable factors, and they reported enhanced self-efficacy, compared with smokers. Differences in affective responses to successful coping by quitters and smokers were not significant. Implications of the findings with respect to relapse theory and relapse prevention treatment are discussed.
Hormonal Tolerance to Ethanol is Associated with Decreased Expression of the GTP‐Binding Protein, Gsα, and Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Ethanol‐Treated LS Mice

Using the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) system as a marker, long sleep (LS) and short sleep (SS) lines of mice were investigated to explore the cellular events that occur during the acquisition of hormonal tolerance to ethanol. Four-day ethanol exposure (1.8 g/ kg/24 hr) increased anterior pituitary POMC mRNA levels 4-fold in the LS line and 2-fold in the SS line. Following 7 days of ethanol exposure (1.8 g/kg/24 hr), anterior pituitary POMC levels returned to basal values in the LS line but remained elevated (2-fold) in the SS line. In this setting, the loss of ethanol's ability to sustain elevated POMC mRNA levels in the LS line is defined as hormonal tolerance. Since POMC biosynthesis is primarily regulated through adenylyl cyclase, ethanol-induced alterations in this signal transduction system were explored. Paralleling the effects of ethanol on POMC mRNA levels, ethanol exposure reduced GTP-γ-S, AIF3-, and MnCl2-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by 35%, 21%, and 24%, respectively, in the LS line without effecting adenylyl cyclase activity in the SS line. To determine whether ethanol-induced changes in adenylyl cyclase activity in LS mice could result from alterations in G proteins, protein levels of Gsα and Giα were determined by western analysis before and after ethanol exposure. Paralleling the effect on POMC mRNA levels and adenylyl cyclase activity, ethanol induced a 35% reduction in Gsα protein levels in LS mice but did not alter Giα levels. Neither Gsα nor Giα levels were altered in the SS line. The genetic specificity of ethanol-induced alterations in Gsα protein levels in LS mice was not limited to the anterior pituitary. Ethanol exposure reduced Gsα protein levels in cerebellar membranes in the LS line with no effect on cerebellar G Gsα levels in the SS line. Differential regulation of G proteins could be a critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of ethanol tolerance. These observations underscore that the threshold for tolerance to ethanol is in part genetically determined.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Trigonoplasty: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Correct Vesicoureteral Reflux

AbstractPurpose: A procedure was designed to correct vesicoureteral reflux with minimally invasive technology.Materials and Methods: A total of 22 children 14 months to 18 years old underwent percutaneous endoscopic trigonoplasty between January and June 1995. Followup ranges from 4 to 11 months. In 32 ureters reflux was grade 2 in 13, grade 3 in 13, grade 4 in 5 and grade 5 in 1.Results: All patients had normal sonography of the kidneys after surgery. On followup voiding cystourethrography at 2 or 6 months there was resolution of reflux in 20 of the 32 ureters (62.5 percent). The probability of resolution was unrelated to patient age, laterality of reflux, initial grade, operative sequence or preoperative bladder instability. The 3 major complications were vesicovaginal fistula, hypnotremia and perivesical fluid collection.Conclusions: Percutaneous endoscopic trigonoplasty is technically feasible but it involves a distinct learning curve. It offers significant advantages related to more rapid recovery wi...
Extra- and intra-axial brain stem auditory disorders.

Auditory symptoms of brain stem disorder depend on the nature of the lesion. This study compared auditory test results in 28 patients with extra-axial, 11 patients with intra-axial, and 6 patients with combined extra-axial and intra-axial brain stem disorders. Patients with extra-axial lesions usually demonstrated (1) sensitivity loss, (2) marked adaptation on Bekesy audiometry, (3) impairment in PBmax scores, and (4) auditory symptoms on the ear ipsilateral to the radiographic abnormality. Patients with intra-axial brain stem lesions usually showed (1) slight, if any, sensitivity loss, (2) normal Bekesy audiograms, (3) relatively good PBmax scores, and (4) auditory symptoms on both ears or on the ear contralateral to the radiographic disorder. In the patients with combined extra-axial and intra-axial disorders, auditory findings varied in relation to the extent of extra-axial involvement
So You Want to Be an Expert Witness

This commentary gives an insider's view of an expert witness experience, followed by attorney Seth Richard Lesser's response with some of the rules of the expert witness road and what anyone needs to expect if planning to take on expert work.
First Report of Downy Mildew on Gynura aurantiaca Caused by Plasmopara halstedii sensu lato in Florida

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published news item is copyrighted by American Phytopathological Society and can be found at: http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis
Formulating a General Spatial Segregation Measure

Abstract Most traditional segregation measures, such as the index of dissimilarity D, fail to distinguish spatial patterns effectively. Previously proposed spatial measures modifying D suffer from several shortcomings. This article describes a general spatial segregation index based upon the concept of composite population counts, which are derived from grouping people in neighboring areas together to account implicitly for spatial interaction of groups across unit boundaries. The suggested spatial index can overcome the disadvantages of previous indices and can assess the spatial extent of the segregated clusters. The results offer a more comprehensive depiction of spatial segregation of a region. * This project is partly funded by the Russell Sage Foundation Project #: 97–01–02
Use of holmium laser in conjunction with electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the treatment of bladder calculi

Drawbacks to the treatment of bladder calculi demolition include excessive mucosal trauma and bleeding with the use of the electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) and prolonged operating room times with the low wattage holmium laser (HOL). The outcome of bladder stones treated by combining the use of HOL and the EHL is reported. Via the cystoscope, the bladder stones were identified in five male patients and the HOL was used to bore to the center of each stone. The EHL probe was then inserted into each borehole and was used to fragment the stones into pieces which could be removed with an Ellik evacuator. All the stones were fragmented to pieces, which were removed without difficulty. Upon completion, minimal mucosal trauma and stone dust were visualized. No complications were observed.
Energy Spectra of ion-induced Auger electrons under channeling conditions

We have measured the secondary-electron energy spectra resulting from 3.0- and 3.5-MeV H/sup +/ bombardment of a single-crystal silicon target under Si channeling and nonchanneling conditions. The energy degradation of Si K-shell Auger electrons observed in the secondary-electron spectra has been successfully interpreted by a theoretical model based on the ion-beam shadowing effect and on the Poisson distribution of the inelastic scattering suffered by the electrons. The relationship between the mean free path for inelastic scattering and the mean energy of excitations produced by 1.6-keV electrons in the Si crystal was obtained from a comparison between the measured and calculated energy s
Linear preservers of higher rank numerical ranges and radii

Structural theorems regarding linear preservers of the higher rank numerical ranges are proved for the real linear space of bounded self-adjoint operators or the complex linear space of bounded linear operators acting on a Hilbert space. It is shown that the linear preservers of rank k-numerical ranges must be of the standard form: unitary similarity or unitary similarity followed by transposition with respect to a fixed orthonormal basis. Furthermore, it is shown that a linear preserver of the rank k-numerical radius must be a unimodular scalar multiple of a linear preserver of the rank k-numerical range.
Plasmonic Sensing of Biological Analytes Through Nanoholes

A transmission-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for label-free detection of protein-carbohydrate and protein-protein binding proximate to a perforated gold surface is demonstrated. An SPR instrument makes real-time measurements of the resonant wavelength and/or the resonant angle of incidence of transmitted light; both are influenced by the presence of proteins at the gold surface-liquid interface. Ethylene glycol solutions with known refractive indexes were used to calibrate the instrument. A paired polarization-sensitive detector achieved an overall detection resolution of ~ 6.6 times 10-5 refractive index units (RIU). Proof of principle experiments was performed with concanavalin A (Con A) binding to gold-adsorbed ovomucoid and anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding to gold-adsorbed BSA.
Catalytic Enantioselective Claisen Rearrangements of O-Allyl β-Ketoesters

Claisen rearrangement; organocatalysis; asymmetric catalysis; Density-functional calc; H bondingThe selective construction of contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers, a motif found inmany complex natural products, represents a significant synthetic challenge.[1] Among thelimited number of approaches for the formation of bonds between such sterically-congestedcarbon atoms, intramolecular processes such as polyene cyclizations,[2a,b] intramolecularcycloadditions,[2c] and sigmatropic rearrangements[2d,e] have been particularly effective.For addressing vicinal quaternary carbons, these transformations have only been applied in adiastereocontrolled manner using substrates containing pre-existing stereogenic centers,either as part of cleavable auxiliaries or structural features of the target molecule. Thedevelopment of catalytic asymmetric methods for the direct and selective formation of suchstereochemical arrays represents a highly desirable and challenging goal.Since its discovery in 1912,[3] the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl vinyl ethers (theClaisen rearrangement) has emerged as a proven strategy for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds between vicinal stereogenic centers.[4] Diastereoselectivity is generallypredictable and high in these processes because of the concerted nature of the C–O bond-breaking and C–C bond-forming events as well as the large energetic preference for chair-like over boat-like transition states. Furthermore, important examples of enantioselectivemethods for Claisen rearrangements involving Lewis acid catalysis[5] have been identifiedrecently for select substrates with chelating functional groups.We reported recently that the achiral guanidinium ion
Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Innate Immune Responses against Junín Virus in Mice Lead to Antiviral Adaptive Immune Responses during Systemic Infection and Do Not Affect Viral Replication in the Brain

Successful adaptive immunity to virus infection often depends on the initial innate response. Previously, we demonstrated that Junin virus, the etiological agent responsible for Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), activates an early innate immune response via an interaction between the viral glycoprotein and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Here we show that TLR2/6 but not TLR1/2 heterodimers sense Junin virus glycoprotein and induce a cytokine response, which in turn upregulates the expression of the RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA5. NF-κB and Erk1/2 were important in the cytokine response, since both proteins were phosphorylated as a result of the interaction of virus with TLR2, and treatment with an Erk1/2-specific inhibitor blocked cytokine production. We show that the Junin virus glycoprotein activates cytokine production in a human macrophage cell line as well. Moreover, we show that TLR2-mediated immune response plays a role in viral clearance because wild-type mice cleared Candid 1 (JUNV C1), the vaccine strain of Junin virus, more rapidly than did TLR2 knockout mice. This clearance correlated with the generation of Junin virus-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, infected wild-type and TLR2 knockout mice developed TLR2-independent blocking antibody responses with similar kinetics. We also show that microglia and astrocytes but not neurons are susceptible to infection with JUNV C1. Although JUNV C1 infection of the brain also triggered a TLR2-dependent cytokine response, virus levels were equivalent in wild-type and TLR2 knockout mice. Importance: Junin virus is transmitted by rodents native to Argentina and is associated with both systemic disease and, in some patients, neurological symptoms. Humans become infected when they inhale aerosolized Junin virus. AHF has a 15 to 30% mortality rate, and patients who clear the infection develop a strong antibody response to Junin virus. Here we investigated what factors determine the immune response to Junin virus. We show that a strong initial innate immune response to JUNV C1 determines how quickly mice can clear systemic infection and that this depended on the cellular immune response. In contrast, induction of an innate immune response in the brain had no effect on virus infection levels. These findings may explain how the initial immune response to Junin virus infection could determine different outcomes in humans.
Inhibition of Translation of Preformed lac Messenger Ribonucleic Acid by T4 Bacteriophage

Abstract Cells infected with bacteriophage T4 are unable to translate β-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid which exists in the cell before infection, unless translation is underway at the time of infection.
B-CDMA overlay forward link and reverse link capacity based on random traffic and a new CDMA call blocking model

This paper addresses the capacity of the B-CDMA macrocellular overlay system. The B-CDMA overlay method enables cellular systems to provide wireless high speed communications. The novelty in this paper is the introduction of a new CDMA blocking model to calculate the capacity of the B-CDMA overlay system under various AMPS and B-CDMA traffic intensities. Forward and reverse link capacities are both calculated. We show that a B-CDMA overlay can accommodate 10-22 times more users than the existing FDMA system. These results are obtained by incorporating the effects of implementation loss, APC inaccuracy due to multipath fading and spillover. Simulation results are included.
Family Perspective on Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Families of Adolescents and Young Adults

In cooperation with the Pennsylvania Assistive Technology Center of Harrisburg, a survey was conducted to gain information about families of adolescents and young adults between the ages of 13 to 21 years who use assistive devices to overcome severe speaking and writing impairments. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs, priorities, and preferences of mothers and fathers of older children for assistive devices and technology services. A total of 132 parents (i.e., 85 mothers and 47 fathers) representing 97 families responded to the survey. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Both mothers and fathers expressed priority needs for increasing knowledge of assistive devices and planning for future communication needs. Among the mothers' other priorities were needs for having social opportunities for the AAC adolescent with nonhandicapped peers, integrating assistive devices in the community, and having social opportunities for the AAC adolescent with other assistive device users. ...
Specificity and predictive value of circulating testosterone assessed by tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria

Objective To determine whether liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination of total (TT) and free (FT) testosterone is more specific than extraction chromatography–radioimmunoassay (RIA) for distinguishing women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from controls and whether differing cutoff values should be used depending on the setting. Design Prospective case-control cohort study. Setting Tertiary care center and reference laboratory. Intervention(s) Blood sampling. Patient(s) One hundred patients with PCOS and 100 controls. Main Outcome Measure(s) Circulating TT measured by RIA and LC-MS/MS and FT measured by equilibrium dialysis using RIA or LC-MS/MS-generated TT values. Result(s) T measurement by RIA and LC-MS/MS similarly differentiated patients with PCOS from controls; detection of PCOS was higher for FT for both methods. TT values demonstrated greater overlap between patients with PCOS and controls than did FT for both RIA (80% vs. 42% overlap) and LC-MS/MS (52% vs. 67% overlap). A lower cutoff value by LC-MS/MS was better suited for the study of patients seen in the clinical (referred) setting (35 and 4.0 ng/dL for TT and FT, respectively) than in the screening of a general population (50 and 5.0 ng/dL for TT and FT, respectively). Conclusion(s) Extraction chromatography–RIA and LC-MS/MS measurements of T have similar performance for differentiating patients with PCOS from healthy controls; LC-MS/MS may be preferable given its relative ease of automation. Compared with FT, measurement of TT has relatively limited value for distinguishing PCOS from normal. Finally, different cutoff values should be considered depending on the clinical/investigative setting, with higher values being used in the study of biased (e.g., clinical or referred) populations.
Myosin Autoimmunity Is Not Essential for Cardiac Inflammation in Acute Chagas’ Disease

Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi leads to acute myocarditis that is accompanied by autoimmunity to cardiac myosin in susceptible strains of mice. It has been difficult to determine the contribution of autoimmunity to tissue inflammation, because other inflammatory mechanisms, such as parasite-mediated myocytolysis and parasite-specific immunity, are coincident during active infection. To begin to investigate the contribution of myosin autoimmunity to myocarditis, we selectively inhibited myosin autoimmunity by restoring myosin tolerance via injection of myosin-coupled splenocytes. This tolerization regimen suppressed the strong myosin-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) that normally develops in infected mice, although it did not affect myosin-specific Ab production. Suppression of myosin autoimmunity had no effect on myocarditis or cardiac parasitosis. In contrast, myosin tolerization completely abrogated myocarditis in mice immunized with purified myosin, which normally causes severe autoimmune myocarditis. In this case, myosin-specific DTH and Ab production were significantly reduced. We also examined the contribution of T. cruzi-specific immunity to inflammation by injection of T. cruzi-coupled splenocytes before infection. This treatment reduced T. cruzi DTH, although there was no effect on parasite-specific Ab production. Interestingly, cardiac inflammation was decreased, cardiac parasitosis was significantly increased, and mortality occurred earlier in the parasite-tolerized animals. These results indicate that myosin-specific autoimmunity, while a potentially important inflammatory mechanism in acute and chronic T. cruzi infection, is not essential for inflammation in acute disease. They also confirm previous studies showing that parasite-specific cell-mediated immunity is important for myocarditis and survival of T. cruzi infection.
Stereoscopic versus monoscopic detection of masses on breast tomosynthesis projection images

The goal of this study was to assess if stereoscopic viewing of breast tomosynthesis projection images impacted mass detection performance when compared to monoscopic viewing. The dataset for this study, provided by Hologic, Inc., contained 47 craniocaudal cases (23 biopsy proven malignant masses and 24 normals). Two projection images that were separated by 8 degrees were chosen to form a stereoscopic pair. The images were preprocessed to enhance their contrast and were presented on a stereoscopic display. Three experienced breast imagers participated in a blinded observer study as readers. Each case was shown twice to each reader - once in the stereoscopic mode, and once in the monoscopic mode in a random order. The readers were asked to make a binary decision on whether they saw a mass for which they would initiate a diagnostic workup or not, and also report the location of the mass and provide a confidence score in the range of 0-100. The binary decisions were analyzed using the sensitivity-specificity measure, while the confidence scores were analyzed using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). We also report a statistical analysis of the difference in partial AUC values greater than 95% sensitivity between the stereoscopic and monoscopic modes.
Shuttle entry guidance revisited using nonlinear geometric methods

The entry guidance law for the Space Shuttle Orbiter is revisited using nonlinear geometric methods. The Shuttle guidance concept is to track a reference drag trajectory that has been designed to lead to a specified range and velocity. The current guidance law provides exponential tracking locally. We show that the approach taken in the original derivation of the Shuttle entry guidance has much in common with the more recently developed feedback linearization method of differential geometric control. Using the feedback linearization method, however, we are led to an alternative, potentially superior, guidance law. To compare the two guidance laws, stability and performance domains in state space are defined, taking into account the nonlinear dynamics, a state constraint, and a control constraint. The stability and performance domains for the Shuttle law and the alternative law are constructed numerically. The effects of increasing the control capability and changing a parameter in the guidance laws are illustrated. The alternative guidance law achieves the desired performance over a larger domain of the state space; the stability domains for the two laws are similar. For the current operating domain of the Shuttle, the performance improvement offered by the alternative guidance law is probably not significant. With a larger operating domain for the Shuttle or some other entry vehicle, the alternative guidance law should be considered. A more comprehensive comparison taking into account important factors not considered here, such as robustness, would be necessary to decide whether or not the alternative guidance law is superior.
Percutaneous afferent neuromodulation for the refractory overactive bladder: results of a multicenter study.

Purpose: More than 20 million Americans have an overactive bladder, the predominant symptoms being frequency, urgency, urge incontinence and pelvic pain. While the etiology is not completely understood, most investigators believe the causes to be many and the pelvic floor to be intimately related. Whatever the etiology, traditional therapies, including dietary manipulation, bladder drill, medications and physical therapy, are often poorly tolerated and/or ineffective. We report a prospective, multicenter clinical trial that was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous peripheral afferent nerve stimulation for treatment of refractive overactive bladder and/or pelvic floor dysfunction.Materials and Methods: A total of 53 patients with overactive bladders, in whom all traditional therapy failed, were enrolled in 1 of 5 sites within the United States. Patients received weekly percutaneous electrical stimulations via a 34 gauge needle placed near the tibial nerve 3 finger breadths above ...
Telephone directory samples and random telephone number generation

(1974). Telephone directory samples and random telephone number generation. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 187-192.
Software fault injection and its application in distributed systems

The authors describe a software fault injector (SFI) developed to facilitate the validation of dependability mechanisms on an experimental distributed real-time system called HARTS. SFI introduces a number of extensions to previous work done on fault injection tools. In particular, it allows combinations of fault types to be injected in the nodes of a distributed system. It also allows control of all timing parameters of the injection at each node. A description is given of the features and implementation of SFI. As a demonstration of the utility of SFI, the results of some sample experiments are presented.
Preserving the Social Contract of Health Care--A Call to Action.

The authors reflect on bias and substandard medical services in health care services for many minority communities and the need to recognize and mediate biases that are undermining relations between medical personnel and minority patients. They comment on community service for medical students and mention it is rarely a formal part of residency tor medical school training. They comment on implicit bias and the impact of bias within patient care, and the need to connect with communities.
Faking bad: the neural correlates of feigning memory impairment

OBJECTIVE: The detection of malingering in cognitive performance is a challenge in clinical and legal environments. Neuroimaging may provide an objective method for delineation of malingering. METHOD: A heterogeneous with concern of gender and racial-ethnic identity of 22 healthy volunteers completed the Tombaugh Test of Memory Malingering during an fMRI scan. Subjects were either instructed to perform optimally (not feigning) or to perform "as if they had a mild traumatic brain injury with memory impairment" (feigning). RESULTS: A voxel-based multiple regression analysis revealed that during correct responses there was greater activation in the superior and medial prefrontal cortex during the feigning versus the not-feigning responses. CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that falsified memory performance requires greater activation of cognitive control networks to determine a correct selection. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Challenges in Developing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Software Systems

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more and more prevalent in defense applications, homeland security, and even civilian applications. The software systems that operate UAVs are a critical component of any UAV system. This paper discusses several of the challenges that we have faced while developing software for UAV systems. These include the challenges associated with extending the capabilities of existing mapping software to accommodate our desired functionality, the synchronization of video and telemetry data, and the construction of a computer application that can send and receive information to and from the autopilot system. As UAV software systems become more prevalent, these challenges need to be addressed by software engineers building software for these systems.
PS-219 Predictors Of Clinical And Microbiological Treatment Failure In Neonatal Bacteremia

Aims To identify independent predictors of clinical and microbiological treatment failure and develop a predictive model in neonates with bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methods A total of 1078 episodes of BSI occurred in 793 neonates in a tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2004 and 2012 were enrolled. Patient demographics, underlying chronic comorbidities, clinical features, antimicrobial treatment and microbiological characteristics were evaluated. Results Presences of underlying congenital anomalies (odds ration [OR] 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–4.29) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.65–7.70), infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteremia (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.21–6.66), Group B streptococcus (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.31–7.26), and fungus (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.97–8.38), a NTISS score of ≥ 23 (OR 6.61, 95% CI 2.40–26.47), inappropriate antibiotics (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.31–3.08), and concomitant meningitis (OR 4.35, 95% CI 2.13–8.89) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.26–6.32) were identified as independent risk factors for 28-day treatment failure in neonatal bacteremia. A risk-score model was created by adding points for each independent risk factor, and had a c-statistic of 0.83. Patients with risk scores of 0, 4, 8, 12 and 15 had estimated 28-day treatment failure rates of approximately 3%, 17%, 52%, 85% and 95%, respectively. Conclusions This predictive model, calculated after documentation of a BSI, reflects spectrum of BSI severity and is associated with subsequent treatment failure through illness severity score and case-mix variables. This simple score could prove useful in clinical and research settings, and practical in estimating the prognosis.
Modeling Store Choice Behavior

This article presents a formal test of the linear learning model in the context of store choice behavior, using 15 data sets involving three product classes. The model is used as a vehicle in under...
Twin pregnancy with discordancy for Down's syndrome

A twin pregnancy is described in which discordancy for Down's syndrome was diagnosed prenatally by karyotyping amniotic fluid cultures from each of the 2 sacs. The advantages of ultrasonography prior to genetic amniocentesis are discussed from this perspective. The observation that parents may deal in various ways with the reality of this prenatal dilemma demands an open-minded approach from obstetricians and genetic counselors.
"Corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship and corporate sustainability: critical review"

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate citizenship (CC) and corporate sustainability (CS) are constructs that have gained traction both in academic and practitioner literature, but they a...
The Epidemiologic Investigation and Analysis of Circulating Type 2 Vaccine Hypervariable Poliovirus/Vaccine-derived Poliovirus Event in Sichuan Province

ObjectiVe To conduct the epidemliologic investigation of the type 2 vaccine hypervariable poliovirus/vaccine-derived poliovirus circulating(cVHPVII /cVDPVII)event,and guide polio control work in Sichuan province.MetthodConduct descriptive study on the field investition of cVDPV event. ResultcVHPVII /cVDPVII event happens during August 2011 to February 2012 in Sichuan province. After proved by field investigation, clinical diagnosis and laboratory test there are totally 4 cases were diagnosis. VHPV/VDPV were isolated from 4 cases and 1 healthy contact child.ConcusionLow oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine(OPV)coverage is the main cause of the circulating event. The active search of acute flaccid paralysis cases,OPV campaign conducted by health dep-tments effectively and successfully interrupted the transmission of cVHPVII /cVDPVII and prevented the event from expanding and spreading.
The use and costs of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures in 1988 and 1991

. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine the change in volume and costs of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures associated with physician fee cuts. . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed the physician claims (Part B) data for a 5% random sample of the Medicare population. Number, rate, average allowed charge, and total cost of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures were compared for 1988 and 1991. . RESULTS: An estimated 3.1 million (98 per 1000) ophthalmic surgical procedures were performed on Medicare beneficiaries in 1991, compared with 2.3 million (76 per 1000) in 1988. There was a 35% increase in number and a 28% increase in rate. The average allowed charge for these services decreased by 26% ($1155 vs $852 per procedure), with an overall cost of $2.6 billion in both years. . CONCLUSION: A reduction in fee for physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures from 1988 to 1991 was associated with an increase in the volume of the services. The overall costs of physician services for ophthalmic surgical procedures remained consistent between the two years.
Syphilitic gumma arising in association with foreign material

Until recently the number of patients with syphilis has been diminishing. Although that trend has reversed cases of tertiary syphilis are rare and often difficult to diagnose as a substantial number of patients will have a negative rapid plasma reagin. Histologically, cutaneous lesions in late stage syphilis exist in two forms, noduloulcerative and gummatous. Silver stains for spirochetes are almost invariably negative and, surprisingly, immunohistochemical stains are problematic as most lesions contain few, if any organisms. Presented here is a case of gummatous tertiary syphilis arising in association with foreign material deposited after a motor vehicle accident.
Cattle and Honour in Homer and Hesiod

The concept of Homeric or simply Greek honour is not as easy to comprehend as is commonly assumed. Basically it is a system of values stemming from the belief that no harm done to self, kinsman, friend or property should remain uncompensated or unavenged. In a way, what is subsumed under the term honour is an awareness that the higher one bids the higher one is. In the present article the English word ‘honour’ is only a code word for the various fundamentals of life that belong to the semantic compass of Homeric timē. The word ‘cattle’ is also a code word for livestock, especially bovine animals as well as sheep and goats. Honour is not much talked about these days, and many educated people are familiar with some of its aspects mostly through the works of cultural anthropologists who, it seems, have to go to the far corners of the earth to study it. Yet, both honour and the price for honour are ubiquitous in our modern world. The difference is that the state is the keeper of every citizen's honour and as such it regulates punishment for offence to collective or individual honour and, through its courts, decides the material price that must be paid in compensation for real or even intended harm.
Radiation Processing of Foods: An Overview of Scientific Principles and Current Status.

Despite its scientific and technical label of worldwide approval, acceptance and use of food irradiation in the U.S. has become stagnant and a political and psychological issue. As a physical process, food irradiation provides opportunities to improve food protection and preservation technologies. Its use would help solve known public-health problems, as well as minimize the environmental effects caused by chemical and energy-intense processes. In part, this stagnant situation is due to the lack of an educational program, well focused to address critical public concerns and well coordinated by government, academia, and industry. This program should explain the scientific basis and rationale, the advantages, and the limitations of radiation processing of foods. It should also counteract the exploitation by consumer activists who have fostered vocal and seemingly strong opposition. This work provides a summary of educational information and identifies the goals and objectives for consumer education.
Canonical Quantization of Physical Systems

We set the foundations of the formalism used in following chapters: We first discuss why we need a formulation of Quantum Mechanics that goes beyond the simple single-particle Schrodinger equation. We then review the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of Classical Mechanics, since this leads to the formal Canonical Quantization, that is, the formalism that allows us to “quantize” any physical system starting from its classical description. Having quickly reviewed the main mathematical structure on which Quantum Mechanics rests, Hilbert spaces and bound Hermitian operators on Hilbert spaces, we briefly touch upon the problem of interpreting the mathematical formalism in physical terms and present formally the interpretation commonly known as the “Copenhagen interpretation.”
Astronomy: Laser star could clean up observations

Astronomers in France have used an intense beam of laser light to create an artificial "star" that could revolutionize ground based optical astronomy. Researchers from the atomic energy commission (CEA) lab at Pierrelatte focused the beam onto a point in the mesosphere some 90 km above the Earth's surface. The star was created from the fluorescence emitted by sodium atoms excited by the laser beam. The researchers believe that their technique could be used to remove all unwanted effects of atmospheric turbulence from astronomical observations.
70% Ethanol for Decontamination of Central Venous Lines Exposed to Calcineurin Inhibitors.

This material was also presented as a poster at the 2016 ASBMT Tandem meetings in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Assessment of Ex Vivo Transport Function in Isolated Rodent Brain Capillaries

The blood-brain barrier plays an important role in neuroprotection; however, it can be a major obstacle for drug delivery to the brain. This barrier primarily resides in the brain capillaries and functions as an interface between the brain and peripheral blood circulation. Several anatomical and biochemical elements of the blood-brain barrier are essential to regulate the permeability of nutrients, ions, hormones, toxic metabolites, and xenobiotics into and out of the brain. In particular, high expression of ATP-driven efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier is a major obstacle in the delivery of CNS pharmacotherapeutics to the brain. The complete understanding of these elements can offer insights on how to modulate barrier functions for neuroprotection against CNS drug toxicity and to enhance drug delivery to the brain. In the literature, preclinical models of the blood-brain barrier are widely utilized to predict drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties in the brain. In addition, these models are essential tools to investigate cellular mechanisms and novel interventions that alter barrier function and permeability. This unit presents procedures to isolate fresh and viable rodent brain capillaries for the assessment of ex vivo transport activity at the blood-brain barrier. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Food Microbiology: An Introduction, Fourth Edition

Instructors – Get your examination copy now! Visit http://www.asmscience.org/instructors for more information.Help your students save on textbooks! Email us and receive a coupon to share with your students for 20% off of the purchase of a print copy. Presents all facets of food microbiology to undergraduates The multidisciplinary nature of food microbiology is one of the things that make it so fascinating as a career. Food microbiologists must understand basic microbiology, the roles of beneficial microbes, food safety regulations and policy, and the proper practices that ensure safe and healthy food for billions of people. They must also be nimble thinkers, willing to embrace new analytical methods, eager to solve problems, and ever vigilant about keeping the food supply safe. The fourth edition of Food Microbiology: An Introduction is designed for undergraduate courses in food science, nutrition, and microbiology. This edition has been substantially updated with new information on topics like the Food Safety Modernization Act and the use of bacteriophage as antimicrobial agents, while retaining the pedagogy that students and professors appreciate. Written in a clear and easy-to-understand style, the textbook is divided into four sections: Basics of food microbiology presents the growth processes of food microorganisms, the biology of spores and sporeformers, and the establishment of microbiological criteria in food safety programs, and it introduces students to some of the methods used to detect and enumerate microbes in food and food handling equipment. Foodborne pathogenic bacteria opens with a discussion about the regulatory agencies and surveillance systems responsible for keeping the United States food supply safe. The remainder of the section is a rogue’s gallery of pathogenic bacteria found in food. Other microbes important in food examines the many beneficial and detrimental ways that microorganisms affect our food supply. section opens with a look at numerous foods, like beer, bread, pickles, and cheeses, created by the fermentation reactions of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The rest of the section looks at microbes that are less desirable: the spoilers of food, toxigenic molds, and foodborne parasites. This section closes with a look at viruses and prions. Control of microorganisms in food discusses the tactics used to inhibit microbial growth in food. The section ends with a chapter on the essentials of developing quality sanitation and HACCP programs in food processing facilities. Interested in purchasing this title as an electronic publication? Click here for the electronic version on Vital Source! Click here for the electronic version on RedShelf! Hardcover, 570 pages, full-color illustrations.
Analytical slave-spin mean-field approach to orbital selective Mott insulators

We use the slave-spin mean-field approach to study particle-hole symmetric one- and two-band Hubbard models in the presence of Hund's coupling interaction. By analytical analysis of the Hamiltonian, we show that the locking of the two orbitals vs orbital selective Mott transition can be formulated within a Landau-Ginzburg framework. By applying the slave-spin mean field to impurity problems, we are able to make a correspondence between impurity and lattice. We also consider the stability of the orbital selective Mott phase to the hybridization between the orbitals and study the limitations of the slave-spin method for treating interorbital tunnelings in the case of multiorbital Bethe lattices with particle-hole symmetry.
Age and Sex-Based Differences in the Use of Prey Sensory Cues in Wolf Spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Differences in foraging patterns mediated by sensory cues were examined between adult and juvenile male and female wolf spiders (Schizocosa rovneri; Lycosidae). Patch residence time for thirty-one spiders were tested among juveniles and adults in artificial foraging patches. Patches varied in sensory information provided by live prey (crickets) as follows: visual stimuli alone; vibratory stimuli alone; visual and vibratory stimuli together; and control (no stimuli). Spiders moved between patches for one hour, but could not feed. Adult Schizocosa rovneri use primarily visual information to determine patch residence time, but juveniles use vibratory cues as well. Significant age and sex-based differences in the use of sensory cues suggest that observed divergent foraging strategies are partly due to the use of different perceptual cues in prey detection.
Habitat Shifts in Montane Riparian Areas in the Centennial Mountains of Southwest Montana

Deciduous riparian communities (DRC) are functionally and biologically unique habitats that influence ecosystems at local and watershed scales. Since Euro-American settlement, fire exclusion has shifted montane forests in the Centennial Mountains of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem from mosaics with variable stand structure and composition, including deciduous communities, to more homogeneous, closed-canopy coniferous forests. Deciduous riparian communities differ from coniferous riparian habitats many ways: fire behavior, post-fire recovery, insect and bird diversity, contributions to aquatic detritus, light regimes of aquatic ecosystems, and habitat suitability for beaver. To characterize the extent of current and historic deciduous riparian communities, we sampled riparian communities along three priority montane streams in the Centennial Mountains, mapped willow and aspen skeletons, and dated dominant conifers. We found widespread shifts in the dominant vegetation at mid-elevation montane sites upstream of the sagebrush-forest ecotone, though less evidence of vegetation change at higher elevation montane sites. The shifts we documented have only occurred in recent decades due to the decomposition of our primary evidence: dead wood. The lower primary productivity associated with these shifts affects native westslope cutthroat trout, birds, bats, and ungulates. Shifts from deciduous shrubs and trees to closed-canopy conifer forest also increases likelihood of local high-intensity fires and increases recovery times after those disturbances. Promoting deciduous riparian communities through prescribed fire and mechanical removal of conifers can increase the productivity of riparian and aquatic systems, while also reducing threats to these systems from climate change, including uncharacteristically severe fire and water shortages.
Directed energy depositing a new Fe-Cr-Ni alloy with gradually changing composition with elemental powder mixes and particle size’ effect in fabrication process

Abstract To explore novel alloy possessing both corrosion resistance and sufficient plasticity to meet various functionality requirements in severe corrosion working environment, in this study, a new Fe-Cr-Ni based alloy with gradually changing composition was synthesized by directed energy deposition with pre-mixed elemental powder. A thin wall sample was fabricated from bottom to top layer by layer following four composition designs (Fe-16Cr-8Ni, Fe-14Cr-16Ni, Fe-12Cr-23Ni, Fe-9Cr-28Ni) to achieve the transition from ferritic phase to austenite phase. The elemental powders used in this research were characterized to analyze the shape and size distribution. The mixing enthalpy for the three elements was studied since it can impact on the deposits homogeneity. Different material characterizations were performed to examine the alloy properties. Microscopic metallography of sample was acquired to analyze the microstructure. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis examined the composition in the sample. A particle size optimization idea was introduced to keep the original mixing composition. Then Vickers hardness test was done to observe the gradually changing hardness profile. Finally, the phase identification was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that with the increasing Ni and decreasing Cr content, the Vickers hardness numbers (VHN) tend to decrease gradually. The microstructure of regions with 8% and 16% of Ni is mainly the lathy and acicular morphologies, while standard austenite morphology, cells and dendrites, were observed in the regions with 23% and 28% Ni. The XRD pattern can basically verify the metallography observation.