cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erythrosine B influence on calcium (45Ca) uptake in four sorghum cultivars

Abstract Erythrosine B (EB), a specific inhibitor of calcium (Ca2+)‐dependent Mg2+‐ATPase in plasma membranes, was evaluated for influence on 45Ca2+ uptake by 1 cm root tips from seedlings of four sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv Funk G522DR, GP‐1O, SC574, SC283] cultivars. Erythrosine B (0.01 μM) inhibited 45Ca2+ uptake 33% in SC574 and GP‐10; but higher concentrations (1 μM) were required to produce equivalent 45Ca2+ uptake inhibitions in SC283 and Funk G522DR.
AN ANALYSIS OF MALE ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN'S COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS: A Life‐Cycle Approach

Men's unconscious fantasies are examined via their spontaneous expression in popular culture in relation to the cognitive functions of women. The fantasies reveal the meaning to men of women's participation in the life of the mind and the defenses they use to deal with the anxiety it engenders.
Magnetic Interactions of One-Electron Atoms and of Positronium

This paper constitutes a continuation of previous work on magnetic interactions of one-electron atoms. In earlier papers the magnetic moment of a hydrogenic atom in its ground state was calculated, including radiative and nuclear-mass corrections. In this work the ${g}_{J}$ and ${g}_{I}$ factors are calculated for arbitrary hydrogenic states, including radiative and nuclear-mass corrections. The magnetic moment of a hydrogenic atom is obtained for any state. An extensive analysis of the Zeeman levels of positronium is carried out for the $n=1$ and $n=2$ states, including higher-order corrections. For the $n=1$ state, the results confirm the validity of the Breit---Rabi formula with $g$ factors in agreement with those given in an earlier paper by Grotch and Hegstrom. The annihilation diagram is included in the analysis but does not lead to any additional correction terms (to the accuracy we are working with). The Zeeman corrections in the $n=1$ state are relevant to the precise experimental determination of the positronium hyperfine structure. The analysis of the $n=2$ state Zeeman structure of positronium is similar to that carried out by Brodsky and Parsons for the $n=2$ states of hydrogenic atoms. Although the results in the hydrogenic case were immediately applicable to Lamb-shift measurements, the present results are not yet applicable since at present there is no experimental data on the excited states of positronium.
Treating insomnia: A practical guide for managing chronic sleeplessness, circa 1975

Abstract Insomnia means a complaint of sleep loss. Between 13% and 32% of surveyed populations suffer frequent insomnia, 1–3 and 7%–10% of the population use sleeping pills. 4,5 Alcohol and minor tranquilizers are also used to ease insomnia. The ubiquity of such drugs and the persistence of insomnia suggest that drugs alone do not remedy insomnia. The possibility of drug habituation, the distortion of sleep patterns, morning hangovers, 6,7 the possible accumulation of long-lived metabolites, 8 and the risk of aggravated sleep disturbances upon withdrawal from sleeping pills 9,10 further complicate the use of hypnotics. Presently, there are few clinics offering specialized services for the treatment of sleep disorders. The physician is compelled to treat severe cases of insomnia and yet may feel that there is little to offer the insomnia patient besides hypnotic drugs. Some physicians, however, rarely prescribe sleeping pills for insomnia. 11,12 This paper, therefore, will offer practical suggestions on insomnia management, many of which do not depend primarily on the use of hypnotic drugs.
Synthesis of New Nitrides Using Solid State Oxide Precursors

Several novel transition metal nitrides were synthesized via ammonolysis of solid state oxide precursors at temperatures ranging from 700°C-900°C and reaction times ranging from 12 hours to 4 days. Both intermetallic nitrides, Fe3Mo3N and Co3Mo3N, and ionic/covalent nitrides, FeWN2, MnWN2, Ta5N6 and Nb5N6, were prepared by this method. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and their structures were determined by powder X-ray Rietveld refinement. The intermetallic nitrides were found to be isostructural with the eta-carbide structure, Fe3W3C, while the ionic/covalent nitrides have layered structures, with metals in octahedral and trigonal prismatic coordination environments. Two polymorphs of the MnWN2 composition, α-MnWN2 and β-MnWN2, were isolated after ammonolysis at 700°C and 800°C, respectively. While the alpha phase can be converted into the beta phase by heating to 800°C under ammonia, annealing the beta phase at 700°C did not result in a structural transformation. Magnetic measurements show that FeWN2 orders antiferromagnetically at 45K. The magnetic ordering temperature was confirmed by M6ssbauer spectroscopy. All the other nitrides were paramagnetic down to 5K. Conductivity measurements show that FeWN2 and MnWN2 are metallic.
Socialism And The Market: Methodological Lessons From The Economic Calculation Debate

(2005). Socialism And The Market: Methodological Lessons From The Economic Calculation Debate. Critique: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 248-262.
Tyrosine kinase-dependent phosphatidylinositol turnover and functional responses in the FcεR1 signalling pathway

In RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells, Fc epsilon R1 crosslinking by multivalent antigen stimulates phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover and Ca2+ influx and causes functional responses that include secretion, membrane ruffling and actin polymerization. Here, we show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, inhibits antigen-induced PI turnover, determined from assays of 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate production, and impairs receptor-mediated secretion, ruffling and actin polymerization. Genistein has little effect on several functional responses to stimuli that bypass PI hydrolysis (ionomycin-induced secretion, phorbol ester-induced ruffling) but it inhibits phorbol ester-induced actin polymerization. These data implicate a common tyrosine kinase-dependent event, most likely the activation of phospholipase C gamma, in the Fc epsilon R1-mediated stimulation of PI turnover, secretion and ruffling. There may be additional tyrosine kinase-mediated events in the actin assembly pathway.
Erratum to “Recent advances in high-growth rate single-crystal CVD diamond” [Diamond Relat. Mater. 18 (2009) 698–703]

DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.diamond.2008.12.002. ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: qliang@ciw.edu (Q. Liang). Fig. 2. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of natural IIa diamond, light brown, and colorless single-crystal CVD diamond (300 K). The intensities were normalized to the diamond firstorder Raman peak. The inset shows the spectra details in the 570–610 nm range (514.5 nm excitation).
Improved recognition with feedback: Discriminatety and range-frequency effects

Ss ranked the sizes of squares presented, by the method of single stimuli, in sets with skewed spacings of sizes. Thurstone discriminability (the d’ of signal detection) improved when Ss were told the correct rank after each response. The effect of this informational feedback upon the mean ranking of each size is accounted for by a simple decrease in the weighting parameter of the range-frequency model.
Human prostate-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes are oligoclonal and PD-1+.

BACKGROUND Prostate-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8+ PIL) are prevalent in men with prostate cancer (PCa), however, it is unclear whether the presence of such cells reflects a non-specific immune infiltrate or an oligoclonal, antigen-driven adaptive immune response. METHODS We investigated the complexity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the prostate gland by examining the diversity of CD8+ TCR β chain variable region (Vβ) gene sequences in both the peripheral blood and prostates of cancer patients. Vβ repertoire analysis was performed by family-specific Vβ spectratyping and flow cytometry, as well as direct sequence analysis (5′ RACE and cloning). Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1 or PDCD1) expression on peripheral blood CD8+ T cells and CD8+ PIL was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD8+ PIL isolated from cancer patients exhibited restricted TCR Vβ gene usage, and identical clones were identified in multiple sites within the prostate. Furthermore, CD8+ PIL express high levels of the inhibitory receptor PD-1, a cell surface protein associated with an “exhausted” CD8+ T-cell phenotype. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ PIL appear to have undergone clonal expansion in response to an as yet unidentified antigen; however, due to the high expression of PD-1, these cells are likely incapable of mounting an effective immune response. The results provide an important basis for further efforts aimed at the identification of specific antigens involved in prostatic inflammation, and suggest that PD-1 blockade may be useful in immunotherapy for PCa. Prostate 69: 1694–1703, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gradient-dominated ecosystems: sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in freshwater ecosystems

The emergent wetland and littoral components of the land-water zone are functionally coupled by the amounts and types of dissolved organic matter that are released, processed, transported to, and then further processed within the recipient waters. Operational couplings and integrations in freshwater ecosystems occur along physical and metabolic gradients of a number of scales from micrometer to kilometer dimensions. The operation and turnover of the microbial communities, largely associated with surfaces, generate the metabolic foundations for material fluxes along larger-scale gradients.
Dependence of the giant dipole strength function on excitation energy

Spectra of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays associated with deep-inelastic products from the 1150-MeV $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}$ + $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ reaction have been measured. The yield of 10-20-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays initially increases rapidly with the excitation energy of the products and then more slowly for excitation energies in excess of 120 MeV. Statistical-model calculations with ground-state values of the giant dipole strength function fail to reproduce the shape of the measured $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra. This suggests a dependence of the giant dipole strength function on excitation energy.
Epistatic Modifiers of Autoimmunity in a Murine Model of Lupus Nephritis

Abstract Sle1 and Sle3 are NZW-derived loci that mediate lupus nephritis on a C57BL/6 background. The absence of severe autoimmunity in NZW suggests that the NZW genome suppresses these genes. (B6.NZMc1[ Sle1 ] × NZW)F1 hybrids develop severe humoral autoimmunity and fatal lupus nephritis, indicating that suppression of Sle1 from NZW is recessive. Linkage analysis identified four epistatic modifiers, Sles1-4 , whose cumulative effect accounted for the benign autoimmunity in NZW. The specific suppression of Sle1 but not Sle2 or Sle3 by Sles1 was directly demonstrated via the production and analysis of bicongenic strains. Moreover, Sles1 was sufficient to completely suppress autoimmunity initiated by Sle1 in B6.NZMc1 × NZW hybrids. These results demonstrate the complex epistatic interactions of loci augmenting and suppressing systemic autoimmunity.
Measurement of curium in marine samples

Abstract Measurement of environmentally small but detectable amounts of curium requires reliable, accureate, and sensitive analytical methods. The radiochemical separation developed at Woods Hole is briefly reviewed with specific reference to radiochemical interferences in the alpha spectrometric measurement of curium nuclides and to the relative amounts of interferences expected in different oceanic regimes and sample types. Detection limits for 242 Cm and 244 Cm are ultimately limited by their presence in the 243 Am used as curium yield monitor. Environmental standard reference materials are evaluated with regard to curium. The marine literature is reviewed and curium measurements are discussed in relation to their source of introduction to the environment. Sources include ocean dumping of low-level radioactive wastes and discharges from nuclear fuel reporcessing activities, In particular, the question of a detectable presence of 244 Cm in global fallout from nuclear weapons testing is addressed and shown to be essentially negligible. Analyses of Scottish coastal sedimantes show traces of 242 Cm and 244 Cm activity which are believed to originate from transport from sources in the Irish Sea.
Children's bursts of creativity

Abstract This study examined the creative work of two first grade children over the course of a school year. The data included their writing and visual art work, weekly observations of the children in their classroom, and interviews with their teacher. Bursts of creativity were identified and explained in terms of a variety of experiences that came together to produce change in the children's art and writing and in their way of working. The case study approach to understanding the development of creative processes was highlighted, and the value of this approach for understanding the development of typical as opposed to gifted children was underscored.
An analytical method for the selective retrieval of iminobiotin-derivatized plasma membrane proteins.

Abstract An analytical method for the selective retrieval of surface plasma membrane proteins which have been covalently “tagged” with the low-molecular-weight lignad 2-iminobiotin has been developed. Retrieval is based upon the specific interaction between the 2-iminobiotin molecule, avidin, antiavidin antibody, and insoluble protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. Conditions for the reaction include moderately basic pH (8.0–9.0) and moderately high ionic strength (300 m m NaCl). The retrieval reaction is insensitive to 4% ( w v ) Triton X-100, NP-40, and Lubrols PX and WX and is inhibited by octyl-β- d -glucopyranoside and Ammonyx-LO. Large numbers of samples can be processed quickly and simultaneously. Immunoprecipitated proteins can be readily released into solution by incubation in the presence of either low pH, biotin, or sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Evaluation of renal ischemia with 99mTc-pyrophosphate.

Renal ischemia injury was induced by transient 30-min occlusion of the main renal artery in five rabbits and by transient 60-min occlusion in four rabbits. The vessels to the contralateral kidneys were ligated in all nine animals and in six additional control rabbits. Renal blood flow was restored immediately following the transient ischemia. Twenty-four hours later, 99mTc-pyrophosphate was injected and renal uptake was monitored for 100 s at 10-min intervals for 90 min following injection. At 90 min postinjection, the animals were killed and the percent injected dose remaining in the kidneys was calculated for three animals in each group. At 60 min postinjection, in vivo activity in the 30-min ischemic kidneys was 2.3 times greater than that of controls, and activity in the 60-min ischemic kidneys 4.6 times greater than that of controls. These results suggest that 99mTc-pyrophosphate scanning may be useful in assessing slight ischemic damage to the kidney.
Bilayer sliding mechanism for the wurtzite-to-rocksalt transition

We have theoretically investigated the mechanism of the reconstructive wurtzite-to-rocksalt phase transition. Using COMSUBS, we found five different bond-preserving transitions pathways. These transition paths share a common underlying mechanism: bilayer sliding of (010) hexagonal planes along the [100] hexagonal directions.
Pain Management Strategies in Hand Surgery

Modern anesthetic agents have allowed for the rapid expansion of ambulatory surgery, particularly in hand surgery. The choice between general anesthesia, peripheral regional blocks, regional intravenous anesthesia (Bier block), local block with sedation, and the recently popularized wide-awake hand surgery depends on several variables, including the type and duration of the procedure and patient characteristics, coexisting conditions, location, and expected length of the procedure. This article discusses the various perioperative and postoperative analgesic options to optimize the hand surgical patients' experience.
GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY: CLOSED-FORM SOLUTIONS

A study of the one-dimensional thermoelastic waves produced by an instantaneous plane source of heat in homogeneous isotropic infinite and semi-infinite bodies of the Green-Lindsay (G-L) type is presented. Closed-form Green's functions corresponding to the plane heat source are obtained using the decomposition theorem for a potential-temperature wave of the G-L theory. Qualitative analysis of the results is included.
Growth and nucleic acid synthesis in synchronously dividing populations of HeLa cells.

Abstract Synchronization of HeLa S3 cells may be effected by a purely selective method which takes advantage of the tenuous binding of cells to the growth surface during mitosis. The harvested populations are 85–90 per cent mitotic, and have growth parameters that can not be distinguished from the corresponding parameters in random populations. The following average durations were found for the phases of the DNA synthetic cycle, using autoradiographic methods: G 1 , 41 per cent of the median intermitotic time; S, 46 per cent; G 2 , 11 per cent; and M, 3 per cent. The average rate of DNA synthesis during the S phase was found to pass through a maximum approximately midway through that phase, and there are indications that the rate of synthesis in individual cells behaves similarly. The average rate of RNA synthesis showed at least a threefold increase during interphase. No RNA synthesis was detected in mitotic cells. The average cell volume was found to increase two-fold in a non-linear fashion. Desynchronization of the population appears to arise largely during the G 1 phase.
Responses to new technology: A model for future research

Abstract We argue that research on the implementation of new technologies in organizations has given insufficient attention to the impact of people's attitudinal and behavioral responses to technologically driven change. A brief review and critique of relevant literature identifies theoretical and empirical weaknesses in this area. Based on the identified weaknesses, a theoretical framework for human and organizational responses to technologically driven change is developed. Propositions designed to specify this model and guide future research are presented.
Portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy.

Abstract Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been described after splenectomy, but the factors associated with its development and the clinical outcomes are poorly characterized. Methods Case logs of four surgeons from 1996 to 2001 were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of postsplenectomy PVT. Results: Eight cases of PVT (8%) among 101 splenectomies were identified. Indications for splenectomy in patients with PVT were myeloproliferative disease (n = 4), hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and myelodysplastic disorder (n = 1). All patients had splenomegaly (mean 1698 g, range 360 to 3150 g). Among 10 patients with myeloproliferative disease (MP), 4 patients (40%) developed PVT, compared with 4 of 12 patients (25%) with hemolytic anemia. Three of 4 patients (75%) with MP disease and spleen weight greater than 3,000 g developed PVT. Five patients developed PVT despite receiving prophylactic subcutaneous heparin postoperatively. Presenting symptoms included anorexia in 7 (88%), abdominal pain in 6 (75%), and both elevated leukocyte and platelet counts in 8 patients (100%). All diagnoses were made by contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, and anticoagulation was initiated immediately. One patient died of intraabdominal sepsis; the others are alive with no clinical sequelae at 38 months of follow-up. Conclusions PVT is a relatively common complication of splenectomy in patients with splenomegaly. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and prompt anticoagulation are key to a successful outcome.
Preparing for a lunar impact

A two-ton Atlas Centaur rocket body, part of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), struck the floor of Cabeus crater, near the south pole of the Moon, at 11:31 UT on October 9, 2009. The purpose of the crash was to create a plume of debris that could be examined for the presence of water and other chemicals in the lunar regolith. The effects of the impact were captured by sensors on board a shepherding satellite following four minutes behind the Centaur. They were also recorded by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), which passed over the crash site less than two minutes after the impact.
Survey of error-tolerant coupled oscillator array design (1994–2007)

Beginning in 1994, we engaged substantial activity in coupled oscillator array (COA) systems directed specifically toward millimeter-wave applications. Much of our experimentation has been conducted at lower frequencies for simplicity and cost control, but the methods used have always focused on millimeter wave applications.
The Teen Court Peer Influence Scale (TCPIS): Determining an Effective Way to Measure and Model Positive Peer Influence:

This article describes the development and validation of a scale designed to measure positive peer influence. Participants from six teen court sites completed an anonymous survey (N = 202), which included the newly developed Teen Court Peer Influence Scale (TCPIS). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test three measurement models to determine the best fit to the data. The final measurement model included three reciprocal factors: positive cognitions, positive identity development, and modeling positive behaviors. The model illustrated strong psychometric properties and provides a framework that may be used to augment practice.
The Impact of T Cell Intrinsic Antigen Adaptation on Peripheral Immune Tolerance

Overlapping roles have been ascribed for T cell anergy, clonal deletion, and regulation in the maintenance of peripheral immunological tolerance. A measurement of the individual and additive impacts of each of these processes on systemic tolerance is often lacking. In this report we have used adoptive transfer strategies to tease out the unique contribution of T cell intrinsic receptor calibration (adaptation) in the maintenance of tolerance to a systemic self-antigen. Adoptively transferred naive T cells stably calibrated their responsiveness to a persistent self-antigen in both lymphopenic and T cell–replete hosts. In the former, this state was not accompanied by deletion or suppression, allowing us to examine the unique contribution of adaptation to systemic tolerance. Surprisingly, adapting T cells could chronically help antigen-expressing B cells, leading to polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and pathology, in the form of mild arthritis. The helper activity mediated by CD40L and cytokines was evident even if the B cells were introduced after extended adaptation of the T cells. In contrast, in the T cell–replete host, neither arthritis nor autoantibodies were induced. The containment of systemic pathology required host T cell–mediated extrinsic regulatory mechanisms to synergize with the cell intrinsic adaptation process. These extrinsic mechanisms prevented the effector differentiation of the autoreactive T cells and reduced their precursor frequency, in vivo.
Nuclear medicine and the environment: radiation interactions.

The effect of radiation interactions on the environment may be considered from the perspective of the purely physical phenomena occurring or from the effects the interactions produce in organized biological systems. The physical processes by which radiation interacts with the environment are quite well defined. Although these processes differ depending upon the nature (either electromagnetic or particulate) of the primary radiation, the ultimate result is the production in the medium of high-speed, secondary charged particles. Some of the energy of these particles is absorbed by the medium, while a protion may be lost as bremsstrahlung. The energy that is absorbed produces excitation and ionization, which can be disruptive to biological systems. The effects produced by ionizing radiations at the biochemical, cellular, and organ level are less well defined. Nevertheless, available data indicate that certain generalizations are possible. For example, given the ubiquitous nature of water in tissues, macromolecules, regardless of their structural types, tend to serve as acceptors of the energy and products of water radiolysis. However, a deeper insight into the consequences of irradiation requires an understanding of the interplay of such parameters as the type and energy of the radiation, and the dose and rate of its application. Furthermore, at the cellular level, the type and age of the irradiated cells, the concentration of oxygen in their environment, and their cell-cycle phase are all important factors in determining the consequences of irradiation.
Return to Ectopia Stem Cells in the Artery Wall

In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , Rattazzi and colleagues demonstrate definitively that true cartilage and calcified cartilage tissue develop in the artery wall of the apoE (−/−) mouse.1 This key observation of neocartilage in a hyperlipidemic mouse provides strong support for the existence and function of vascular stem cells, and raises important questions about the origin of cells that produce ectopic tissue and the regulatory mechanisms determining their lineage identity. See page 1420 The origin of ectopic vascular tissue remains unknown. Some possibilities include transdifferentiation of mature smooth muscle cells, initial differentiation of immature cells, and/or dedifferentiation of mature cells followed by redifferentiation. It is not known whether the cells arise from the artery wall, perhaps as embryonic remnants, or migrate from the circulation, after release from another tissue, such as the marrow stroma. The spectrum of lineages represented in vascular ectopic tissue is similar to that of marrow stromal cells and mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting that ectopic tissue is a manifestation of adult mesenchymal stem cells. In the past year, 3 groups independently demonstrated multilineage potential in adult vascular cells in vitro and in vivo, including chondrogenic, osteogenic, leiomyogenic, and, in some cases, adipogenic lineages.2–4 …
Evaluation of Potential Versus Realized Primary Infection of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) by Entomophaga maimaiga (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales)

ABSTRACT The fungal entomopathogen Entomophaga maimaiga has provided important biological control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), since the first epizootics occurred in the northeastern United States in 1989. Epizootics are initiated by germination of soil-borne resting spores, which are highly sensitive to spring temperature and moisture. We compared gypsy moth infection by E. maimaiga in 33 oak stands in Michigan with infection under optimal laboratory conditions from 1999 to 2001 to assess differences between potential and realized efficacy of E. maimaiga. Field bioassays were conducted by exposing laboratory-reared, fourth-instar gypsy moth to soil at the base of oak trees for 4 d. Additional larvae were similarly exposed to soil collected from the field plots in laboratory bioassays with temperature, humidity, and moisture levels optimal for fungal germination. Overall E. maimaiga infection ranged from means of 3.2–29.8% in the field compared with 20.9–59.7% in the laboratory during three field...
Longitudinal assessment of hematopoietic abnormalities after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for lymphoma.

Purpose Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is being increasingly used as an effective treatment strategy for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) but is associated with therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) as a major cause of nonrelapse mortality. The phenomenon of hematopoietic reconstitution after autologous HCT and the role of proliferative stress in the pathogenesis of t-MDS/AML are poorly understood. Patients and Methods Using a prospective longitudinal study design, we evaluated the nature and timing of alterations in hematopoietic progenitors and telomere length after HCT in patients undergoing autologous HCT at City of Hope Cancer Center (Duarte, CA). Results A significant reduction in primitive and committed progenitors was observed before HCT compared with healthy controls. Further profound and persistent reduction in primitive progenitors but only transient reduction in committed progenitor...
CHANGES IN THE MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY OF FROG'S SARTORIUS MUSCLE FIBERS IN CA-FREE EDTA SOLUTION.

The changes in the membrane permeability to sodium, potassium, and chloride ions as well as the changes in the intracellular concentration of these ions were studied on frog sartorius muscles in Ca-free EDTA solution. It was found that the rate constants for potassium and chloride efflux became almost constant within 10 minutes in the absence of external calcium ions, that for potassium increasing to 1.5 to 2 times normal and that for chloride decreasing about one-half. The sodium influx in Ca-free EDTA solution, between 30 and 40 minutes, was about 4 times that in Ringer's solution. The intracellular sodium and potassium contents did not change appreciably but the intracellular chloride content had increased to about 4 times normal after 40 minutes. By applying the constant field theory to these results, it was concluded that ( a ) P Cl did not change appreciably whereas P K decreased to a level that, in the interval between 10 and 40 minutes, was about one-half normal, ( b ) P Na increased until between 30 and 40 minutes it was about 8 times normal. The low value of the membrane potential between 30 and 40 minutes was explained in terms of the changes in the membrane permeability and the intracellular ion concentrations. The mechanism for membrane depolarization in this solution was briefly discussed.
Neospora-like protozoal infections associated with abortion in goats.

Neospora caninum was first identified and described in 1988 from a litter of puppies with encephalomyelitis. Since this first report, naturally occurring neonatal or fetal infections caused by Neospora-like protozoa have been described in cattle, sheep, and horses. Abortion or neonatal infection in cattle by this Neospora-like protozoa have been reported throughout the United States and in several other countries. Additionally, experimental infections have been produced in cats, rats, and mice. We report on 2 unrelated cases of abortion associated with a Neospora-like protozoan in pygmy goats. The first fetus and placenta (Fetus A), from a 2-year-old doe, were submitted in November 1989 from a small farm east of Sacramento, California. The doe had an uneventful pregnancy the previous year. The owner reported that abortions had occurred in 3 other does during the previous 2 years. These fetuses had been necropsied, but the etiology in each case was undetermined. No additional history on the flock was available. The fetus was 130 days gestational age and had a 24-cm crown-rump length. It was autolyzed, with blood staining of tissues and large amounts of deep red serous fluid in the body cavities. There were no significant gross pathologic findings. The placenta was very edematous. The second fetus and placenta (Fetus B) were submitted in March 1991 from a farm in the Sacramento Valley north of Sacramento, California. There was no history on this flock. The fetus had a 14-cm crown-rump length with no body hair. It was partially mummified with a small amount of fetal fluid in the thorax. There were no significant gross pathologic findings. Bacterial cultures of placenta, lung, liver, and abomasal fluid, darkfield examination of abomasal fluid, Chlamydial and viral cultures of pooled tissues, fluorescent antibody tests of kidney and placental impression smears for Leptospira spp. and Chlamydia psittaci, respectively, were performed as previously described and were all negative for both fetuses. Fluorescent antibody tests for border disease using frozen sections of liver and lung were negative in both fetuses. The total immunoglobulin G level in fluid from Fetus A was 2,720 mg/dl and in Fetus B was > 100 mg/dl. There was no antibody to Brucella ovis (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), bluetongue virus (agar-gel immunodiffusion), Leptospira spp. (microagglutination test), or Toxoplasma gondii (latex agglutination at a 1:16 dilution) in either fetus. Nitrate
Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia

A low platelet count, for which there is no immediate cause, is a commonly encountered problem for clinicians and laboratory personnel. The differential for thrombocytopenia is quite broad so the purpose of this review will be to discuss the more common causes of thrombocytopenia seen in the inpatient and outpatient arenas.
Preschool Screening as a Means of Predicting Later Reading Achievement

The purpose of this study was to determine if the Weber district screening program predicted the reading scores of primary grade students. The data showed a statistical significance at the .001 level; however, the relationship was not strong enough to provide accurate identification of individual children at risk of educational failure. It was concluded that the screening program has very limited value in identifying children with learning problems.
COMBINATORIAL PROOF OF ONE CONGRUENCE FOR THE BROKEN 1-DIAMOND PARTITION AND A GENERALIZATION

In one of their recent collaborative papers, Andrews and Paule continue their study of partition functions via MacMahon's Partition Analysis by considering partition functions associated with directed graphs which consist of chains of diamond shape. They prove a congruence related to one of these partition functions and conjecture a number of similar congruence results. In this note, we reprove this congruence by constructing an explicit way to group partitions. Then we keep the essence of the method and manage to apply it to a different kind of plane partitions to get more general results and several other congruences.
500 special relationships: Jim as a mentor to faculty and students

There are hundreds of us in academia and industry who consider ourselves FoJ: Friends of Jim. Jim invested so deeply and so uniquely in every one of us that we each felt we must be "the chosen one." And we were: Jim had so much to give that he was able to choose hundreds of us, shaping our careers and our lives.
The development of attribute dominance in the knowledge base.

Abstract Two cuing, free-recall studies were conducted to test Bach and Underwood's (1970) hypothesis that acoustic encoding is dominant among second graders and semantic encoding is dominant among sixth graders. When retrieval cues were presented with to-be-remembered items at both input and output (Experiment 1), and when cues were presented only at output (Experiment 2), semantic cues were more efficient in elevating recall than were acoustic cues for both second and sixth graders. When these and other results generally found using recognition, sorting, incidental learning, and free-recall experimental designs are compared, it seems plausible that item presentation and memory-testing formats interact with age, and that these factors account for the different patterns of attribute dominance found in the literature. The knowledge base cannot be understood by focusing on either subject or task analyses, but only by focusing on interactions between subject and task variables as they change over time. The e...
EFFECT OF EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL STIMULI ON DNA-BASED BIOPOLYMERS

Biopolymers, such as deoxyribonucleic acid-hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DNA-CTMA) and bovine serum albumin-polyvinyl alcohol (BSA-PVA), were studied using a novel capacitive test structure. A variety of external electrical stimuli were applied, including a low frequency alternating current signal and a rf/microwave frequency signal combined with a DC bias. The dynamic responses of the DNA-based biopolymer to the external stimuli are presented in this paper. The electrical transport measurements support the space-charge-limited conduction and the low frequency capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements showed large depletion layer capacitance at the Au–biopolymer interface, at 20 Hz, and the capacitance approaching bulk values at 1 MHz. Electric force microscopy (EFM) was utilized for visualization of charge dynamics and to examine the effect of DC bias combined with an AC signal. Ionic charges in the DNA-CTMA system seem to be responsible for the dynamic response to the various external electrical stimuli.
Outsourcing the meter reading function

Across Europe and the US, utilities are looking at outsourcing as an opportunity to lower their costs and make them more effective. The purpose of this paper is to provide a base of understanding for utilities as they evaluate outsourcing opportunities. The author discusses strategic outsourcing and why meter reading is a candidate for outsourcing. The problems with outsourcing are briefly mentioned.
Conjuring the Holographic State: Scripting Security Doctrine for a (New) World of Disorder

No current policy paradigm, however interdisciplinary, provides an adequate and coherent account of post-9/11 security doctrine for “a war with no clear end or scope.” Like the hologram, the image ...
Measurements of Complex Permittivity and Loss Tangent of Silicon Carbide at Millimeter Wavelengths

High purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC is highly desirable for SiC MESFET and GaN HEMT based power microwave devices. With the presented measurement techniques, namely cavity-length variation technique of open resonator operating at 60GHz, together with dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS), we successfully carried out the precise dielectric measurements of a pair of high purity semi-insulating 4H-SiC wafer specimens. Excellent agreement was obtained between two experimental systems. Therefore, it proves the versatility and accuracy of our established measurement techniques
The Raw microprocessor: a computational fabric for software circuits and general-purpose programs

Wire delay is emerging as the natural limiter to microprocessor scalability. A new architectural approach could solve this problem, as well as deliver unprecedented performance, energy efficiency and cost effectiveness. The Raw microprocessor research prototype uses a scalable instruction set architecture to attack the emerging wire-delay problem by providing a parallel, software interface to the gate, wire and pin resources of the chip. An architecture that has direct, first-class analogs to all of these physical resources will ultimately let programmers achieve the maximum amount of performance and energy efficiency in the face of wire delay.
An investigation of the role of intolerance of uncertainty in hoarding symptoms

Abstract Background Hoarding disorder (HD) is a common, debilitating mental illness and public health burden. Understanding the factors that contribute to hoarding is critical for identifying treatment targets. As a relatively new diagnostic entity, this research remains in its initial stages. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is thought to be a vulnerability factor for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and may also be relevant to HD. We investigated the possible association between IU and hoarding in two sets of analyses. Method First, we administered self-report measures of IU and hoarding symptoms to unscreened undergraduate students (N=456) and used regressions to probe their association controlling for relevant covariates. Second, in a clinical sample, we compared IU across groups of patients with HD (N=26), GAD (N=26), OCD (N=51), other anxiety disorders (N=91) and healthy controls (N=29). Results In the student sample, IU predicted hoarding symptoms above and beyond relevant covariates, including hoarding-related beliefs. In the clinical sample, HD patients evidenced greater IU relative to healthy individuals and the mixed anxiety group, and comparable levels of IU to the GAD and OCD groups. Limitations This study relied exclusively on self-report questionnaires and a cross-sectional design. Conclusions IU is associated with hoarding behavior and, as we discuss, conceptual models might benefit from the study of IU as a potentially contributing factor. Directions for future research are discussed.
The Controversy Comes to the United States

It was a hot summer day in Minneapolis, Minnesota. There were hordes of people enjoying the sun around the lakes of Minnesota on the national holiday of July 4th, 1977. However, the Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT), a new organization, had other plans. On this day it announced a consumer boycott of all Nestle products in the United States to protest against that company’s infant formula marketing practices in the Third World.
Identifying and Mitigating Taxpayer Noncompliance

This study examines data from a state-wide telephone survey to describe demographic factors associated with aggressive tax paying attitudes. Taxpayer compliance literature is merged with literature from social control theory, moral reasoning, and prospect theory to posit interactive relationships. Although females without college degrees tended to be compliant, males without college degrees generally were noncompliant. In contrast, males with college degrees had a tendency to comply while females with a college degree tended not to comply. The aggressive behavior of college-educated females is prevalent among those with high incomes. The aggressive behavior of males without college degrees is magnified for those who usually have a balance due at tax filing time. After measuring their attitude toward taxpayer compliance, subjects who were not in the control group received either a brief moral ploy or a scenario regarding how much taxes the wealthy pay. The aggressive high income, female graduates became a more compliant group when given the moral scenario, and the aggressive nondegree males with tax due balances became compliant when given the information about the amount of taxes paid by the wealthy.
High Throughput Label Free Measurement of Cancer Cell Adhesion Kinetics Under Hemodynamic Flow

The kinetics of receptor-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and adherent cell monolayers plays a key role in many physiological and pathological processes including cancer metastasis. Within this process the presence of fluidic shear forces is a key regulator of binding equilibrium and kinetics of cell adhesion. Current techniques to examine the kinetics of cell adhesion are either performed in the absence of flow or are low throughput, limiting their application to pharmacological compound screening or the high throughput investigation of biological mechanisms. We developed a high throughput flow device that applies flow in a multi-well format and interfaced this system with electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system to allow label free detection of cell adhesion. We demonstrate that this combined system is capable of making real time measurements of cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and immobilized platelets. In addition, we examined the dependence of the kinetics of binding of cancer cells on the level of shear stress and in the presence of small molecule inhibitors to adhesion-related pathways. This versatile system is broadly adaptable to the high throughput study of cell adhesion kinetics for many applications including drug screening and the investigation of the mechanisms of cancer metastasis.
Who Is the Rotten Apple? Mock Jurors’ Views of Teacher–Student Sexual Contact

The present study investigated mock jurors’ (N = 541) perceptions of a hypothetical case of teacher–student sexual contact. Mock jurors read a brief vignette describing an alleged sexual encounter where the gender and age of both the teacher and student were manipulated. Participants rendered legal decisions (i.e., verdict, degree of guilt, and sentence length), as well as culpability judgments pertaining to both the teacher and the student (i.e., blame, cause, and desire for the sexual contact). In addition, the effects of mock juror gender and attitudes regarding both rape myth acceptance and homophobia were investigated. Teacher gender and both teacher and student age predicted mock jurors’ recommended sentences, with male teachers, older teachers, and younger students leading to greater sentences. Overall, student age was most consistently related to multiple culpability judgments, and the culpability judgments regarding the victim were the most consistently predicted by the independent variables. We ...
A stress field model of glut single side subjected pressure for rolling repairing damaged casing well

The plasticity model of glut single side subjected pressure is established at the casing damage in order to analysis the stress and damage state when the damage casing well is repaired. Using the slip line theory of Prandtl glut single side subjected pressure, five - stress area is built at the casing damage, and using the given boundary condition, the stress state is accurately described. The calculated example can note that the damage degree of casing is direct proportion with the heave high before repairing and drift diameter after repairing, and that the yield condition is not destroyed at the elastic region of damage casing, and larger stress -strain concentration is taken place at the distortion nook, this can lead to fatigue and destroy. Thus, it must mainly check or adopt the repairing measure at the nook after repairing the casing.
Language Matters In Twitter: A Large Scale Study

Despite the widespread adoption of Twitter internationally, little research has investigated the differences among users of different languages. In prior research, the natural tendency has been to assume that the behaviors of English users generalize to other language users. We studied 62 million tweets collected over a four-week period and found that more than 100 languages were used. Only half of the tweets were in English (51%). Other popular languages including Japanese, Portuguese, Indonesian, and Spanish together accounted for 39% of the tweets. Examining users of the top 10 languages, we discovered cross-language differences in adoption of features such as URLs, hashtags, mentions, replies, and retweets. We discuss our work’s implications for research on large-scale social systems and design of cross-cultural communication tools.
Membrane Binding of Retroviral Gag Proteins

Location of virus assembly in infected cells has major influences on efficiencies of virus assembly and release and on post-assembly processes including cell-to-cell transmission. Therefore, for better understanding of virus spread and for developing new antiviral strategies, it is important to elucidate mechanisms by which the subcellular site of virus particle assembly is determined. Retrovirus particle assembly is driven by viral structural protein Gag. In the case of HIV-1, Gag binds to the plasma membrane (PM) via the N-terminal MA domain and forms nascent particles at this location. Recent studies reveled that PM-specific phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 plays an important role in directing Gag to the PM through its interaction with MA. In this review, I will summarize our current understanding of relationships between retroviral MA domains and phospholipids in cellular membranes and discuss possible mechanisms by which lipids and other factors regulate membrane binding and subcellular localization of retroviral Gag proteins.
The school as the center of a healthy community

Educational institutions have long been an important focus for public health initiatives. Their readily accessible populations of young people provide an excellent forum for health education, vaccination, and other public health interventions. However, schools can also play an important role as various sectors of the community seek to build new relationships. This article explores opportunities for public health leadership in strengthening schools, an important community asset.