cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Sex Roles, Marital Status, and Mental Illness

In modern Western societies women have higher rates of mental illness than men. In this article it is suggested that this difference can be attributed to the role of married women. More specifically, it is shown that married women have noticeably higher rates of mental illness than married men. In contrast, it is shown that when single women are compared with single men, divorced women with divorced men, and widowed women with widowed men, these women do not have rates of mental illness that are higher than their male counterparts. In fact, if there is a difference within these marital categories, it is that women have lower rates of mental illness. In a recent paper Gove and Tudor (1972) looked at the proportion of men and women who were mentally ill in modern industrial societies as indicated by community surveys, first admissions to mental hospitals, psychiatric treatment in general hospitals, psychiatric outpatient clinics, private outpatient psychiatric care, and psychiatric illness in the practices of general physicians. All of these sources indicated that women are more likely to be mentally ill than men. As most studies indicate that never married and formerly married persons have higher rates of mental illness than those who are married, one might expect that the difference between the rates of men and women could be attributed to unmarried women having extremely high rates of mental illness. This would conform to the stereotype of the carefree bachelor and the rejected spinster (or former wife). However, in this article I will indicate that this expectation is incorrect and that it is the relatively high rates of mental illness in married women that account for the higher rates of mental illness among women. Furthermore, I will attempt to show that it is the roles confronting married men and women that account for the high rates among women and not some other factor such as women being biologically more susceptible to mental ill-
Platoon Dynamics on Signal Controlled Arterials

Car path, platoon length, and flow rate equations are developed for the purpose of studying the platoon dynamics at signalized traffic links. The basic modeling is macroscopic in nature and is based on the formation of shock waves generated within the link due to the intermittent service of traffic by the signals. The analysis reveals not only platoon dispersion but also platoon compression, a phenomenon already observed but not previously described mathematically. It is demonstrated that compression does not only occur to platoons entering the link in red but also to those entering in green even in the absence of a downstream signal. Numerical examples are also presented for demonstrating the applicability of the theory.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Common bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon, is a widely used warm-season turf and forage species in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. We have been able to transform the species using Agrobacterium-mediated approach. In seven experiments reported here, a total of 67 plates of calluses and suspensions were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, and nine hygromycin B resistant calluses were obtained after selection. Among them two green independent transgenic plants were recovered. The plants growing in pots looked relatively compact at the beginning, but the ploidy level of the plants, as determined by nuclear DNA content, was not altered.
Parasagittal Lesions and Ulegyria in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Neuroimaging Findings and Review of the Pathogenesis

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a very important neurological problem of the perinatal period and a major cause of chronic disability later in childhood. The subsequent neurological deficits are a variety of motor defects-especially spasticity but also choreoathetosis, dystonia and ataxia, often grouped together as "cerebral palsy," mental retardation, and seizures. The gestational age determines the neuropathology of the brain injury. One of the patterns of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, typically affecting full-term infants, consists of parasagittal lesions and ulegyria. The aim of this study is to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and discuss the "suggested" pathogenetic mechanisms of this pattern, which affects the cortex and the white matter in a mainly parasagittal distribution; in this type of brain injury, the damage usually involves the deeper sulcal portion while sparing the apex, thus resulting in the so-called mushroom gyri characteristic ulegyric pattern. We discuss the MRI findings of parasagittal lesions and ulegyria in the brain examinations of 14 patients with a clinical history of perinatal hypoxia/anoxia presenting with mental retardation, seizures, and cerebral palsy. Differential diagnosis from polymicrogyria is discussed.
Association of tumour necrosis factor and haemodynamic shock in a newborn undergoing surgery for sacrococcygeal teratoma

A newborn who was operated upon for a benign sacrococcygeal teratoma at the age of 2 weeks developed haemodynamic instability with a shock episode at the time of operation. The serum level of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-Alpha) during this event rose to 158 pg/ml (normal <15 pg/ml). Preoperatively TNF-Alpha was undetectable, while post-operatively the level was 23 pg/ml. Serum levels of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were undetectable throughout the study. The baby was treated successfully by fluid challenge and dopamine. This case represents a temporal association between haemodynamic instability during surgical intervention and a high serum level of TNF-Alpha, which is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of septic shock.
Synovial Cell Synthesis of a Substance Immunologically Like Cartilage Proteinpolysaccharide

Fluids from joints contain a substance that reacts immunologically like one of two known antigenic components of articular cartilage proteinpolysaccharide. This newly recognized substance occurs in the lining cells of synovial membranes as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. The localization of this substance in tissue culture cells derived from synovial membranes and its identification in the culture medium supports the suggestion that it is synthesized by lining cells. Rheumatoid synovial cells contain less of this substance.
Intraoperative autologous blood donation preserves red cell mass but does not decrease postoperative bleeding

Background Postoperative bleeding and transfusion remain a source of morbidity and cost after open heart operations. The benefit of the acute removal and reinfusion of fresh autologous blood around the time of cardiopulmonary bypass-a technique known as intraoperative autologous donation (IAD)-has not been universally accepted. We sought to more clearly evaluate the effects of IAD on allogeneic transfusion and postoperative bleeding by removing, preserving, and reinfusing a calculated maximum volume of fresh autologous whole blood. Methods Ninety patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valvular operations were prospectively randomized to either have (IAD group) or not have (control group) calculated maximum volume IAD performed. Treatment was otherwise identical. Transfusion guidelines were uniformly applied to all patients. Results An average volume of 1,540 +/- 302 mL of fresh autologous blood was removed and reinfused in the IAD group. Postoperative hematocrits were significantly greater at 12 and 24 hours postoperatively in the IAD group versus the control group despite a significant decrease in both the percentage of patients in whom allogeneic red blood cells were transfused (17% versus 52%; p Conclusions These results indicate that intraoperative autologous donation serves to preserve red blood cell mass. Its routine use in eligible patients is therefore justified. However, the removal and reinfusion of an individually calculated maximum volume of fresh autologous blood had no effect on postoperative bleeding or platelet and coagulation factor transfusion requirement. This lack of hemostatic effect belies the beliefs of many about the primary action of IAD, helps to delineate the optimal way in which to perform IAD, and carries implications regarding the use of allogeneic platelet and coagulation factors for the treatment of early postoperative bleeding.
Endotoxin induced expression of tumour necrosis factor, tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity by peritoneal macrophages

Summary Peritoneal fluid was collected aseptically from 30 healthy adult horses and 115 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease and supernatant was separated from cells by centrifugation followed by freezing until assayed for endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor activity. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from healthy horses were incubated in vitro for 3, 6, 12 or 24 h in the absence (media control) or presence of Escherichia coli 055:B5 endotoxin (final concentrations of 1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml). Macrophages obtained from horses with acute gastrointestinal disease were incubated for 12 h in the absence (media control) or presence of 100 ng endotoxin/ml. At the conclusion of the incubation, macrophage supernatants were collected and frozen at −70°C until analysed for tumour necrosis factor activity. Macrophage membranes were lysed and frozen at −70°C until assayed for tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 activity. Compared to cells incubated with media, incubation of macrophages, obtained from healthy horses, with endotoxin significantly increased tumour necrosis factor, tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 activity. These increases were dependent on the endotoxin concentration and the duration of incubation. Compared to cells incubated with media alone, incubation of macrophages, obtained from horses with acute gastrointestinal disease with endotoxin, significantly increased tumour necrosis factor and tissue factor activity. Endotoxin induced tumour necrosis factor activity in vitro was significantly less for macrophages from horses with acute gastrointestinal disease, as compared to that produced by similarly treated cells obtained from healthy horses. For those horses with acute gastrointestinal disease, macrophages obtained from horses with either endotoxin or tumour necrosis factor activity in the peritoneal fluid supernatant had significantly less endotoxin induced tumour necrosis factor in vitro, as compared to similarly treated cells obtained from horses without endotoxin or tumour necrosis factor activity in the peritoneal fluid supernatant. The results of this study indicate that exposure of equine peritoneal macrophages to endotoxin results in a significant increase in tumour necrosis factor, tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 activity. After in vitro exposure to endotoxin, there is significant down-regulation of inflammatory mediator production by peritoneal macrophages obtained from endotoxaemic horses. These results suggest that these macrophages may exhibit early endotoxin tolerance.
Sulphur pollutant formation during coal combustion

A laboratory-scale pulverized coal combustor was used to determine the effects of secondary air swirl, stoichiometric ratio (O2fuel), and coal type on the formation and reaction of sulphur pollutants (SO2, H2S, COS and CS2). Detailed local measurements within the reactor were obtained by analysing solid-liquid-gas samples collected with a water-quenched probe. Increasing the stoichiometric ratio increased sulphur conversion and SO2 levels, and decreased H2S, COS, and CS2 levels. Swirl of secondary combustion air had a pronounced effect on the distribution of sulphur species formed at an O2-coal stoichiometric ratio of 0.8, but had very little effect at stoichiometric ratios of 0.57 and 1.17. Combustion of a bituminous coal produced more SO2 and less H2S, COS, and CS2 compared with a subbituminous coal.
Expression of Recombinant Human Choriogonadotropin in Chinese Hamster Ovary Glycosylation Mutants

Human CG, a member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes LH, FSH, and TSH, is composed of two nonidentical subunits each containing two asparagine linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides. The role of the oligosaccharides in the action of these hormones is unclear. To examine the structure-activity relationships of the glycoprotein hormone oligosaccharides using nonenzymatic and nonchemical methods, we transfected CG subunit genes into mutant cell lines derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Two mutant cell lines that synthesize truncated oligosaccharides were used. Cell line 15B, lacking N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, synthesizes N-linked carbohydrates containing Man5 oligomannosyl structures, and 1021, defective in transporting CMP-sialic acid into the Golgi, results in sialic-acid deficient glycoproteins. The binding of these derivatives to the LH/CG receptor did not differ significantly from purified CG (CR119), but the ability of the mutant hormones to stimulate cAMP biosynthesis in vitro...
Magnetic epitaxial films: Applications and potential

Abstract Magnetic films in amorphous, polycrystalline and single-crystal form have shown promise for many years as a method for miniaturizing magnetic components in the design of electronic devices. With the exception of a few specialized applications, e.g. thin film Permalloy memory elements and magnetic tape heads, widespread use of these films has not yet been realized. Recent advances in the preparation of high quality non-metallic single-crystal garnet films have brought a number of important components much closer to reality. The most immediate widespread use of the single-crystal magnetic film is bubble memory devices. These devices exploit recent advances in the magnetic garnet technology and achieve an extremely high data storage density. They are expected to supplant mechanical tape and disc recorders in some applications soon. Another class of single-crystal magnetic film devices with great potential but not as well developed as the bubble devices are the planar yttrium iron garnet microwave devices. Included in this category are limiters, filters and magnetically tunable oscillators, which are compatible with conventional microwave integrated circuits. Magnetostatic surface wave devices represent another class of devices which rely upon high quality single-crystal magnetic films. These devices are capable of carrying out signal processing functions such as fixed, variable and tapped delay, convolution and pulse compression directly at microwave frequencies. This paper concentrates on the material parameters which are most important in the bubble, filter and magnetostatic surface wave applications, on how the parameters can be optimized and on the fundamental limits they place upon device performance.
Nonideal transport of reactive solutes in heterogeneous porous media: 1. Numerical model development and moments analysis

Abstract The transport of reactive solutes at the field scale is characteristically nonideal, and this nonideality is often caused by more than one factor. In these cases, mathematical models that explicitly account for multiple factors are necessary for proper simulation of transport and for accurate analysis of causative factors. The purpose of this paper is to present a mathematical model for simulating the transport of reactive solute in heterogeneous porous media. We have taken a multi-scale, multi-factor approach that explicitly accounts for such factors as hydraulic-conductivity variability, structured porous media, rate-limited diffusive mass transfer, and nonlinear, rate-limited, spatially variable sorption. The influence of these factors on the displacement and spreading of solute plumes and on mass flux is illustrated with a series of two-dimensional (vertical) simulations. It is shown that rate-limited sorption/mass transfer and nonlinear sorption can significantly influence the first, second, and third spatial moments, whereas hydraulic-conductivity variability significantly influences only the second spatial moment. Plume skewness is especially sensitive to the specific factor controlling nonideal transport. For example, both rate-limited sorption/mass transfer and nonlinear sorption can create negatively skewed plumes during early stages of transport. However, the plume influenced by rate-limited sorption/mass transfer tends toward symmetry as global residence time increases. Conversely, the plume influenced by nonlinear sorption tends toward a constant degree of asymmetry as the spreading forces balance the concentration-dependent retardation behavior associated with nonlinear sorption. Furthermore, the results illustrate that unique behavior can result from the coupling of multiple processes. For example, when influenced by coupled heterogeneity and nonlinear sorption, the shape of a plume may change from positive to negative skewness during the course of transport.
Cardiac Effects of Intracoronary Arterial Injections of Nicotine

The effects of intracoronary arterial injections of nicotine on coronary blood flow, myocardial contractility, cardiac rhythm and the QRS-T complex of the electrocardiogram were studied in intact dogs. The results indicate that nicotine stimulates intrinsic cardiac structures producing parasympathomimetic, sympathomimetic and Bezold-Jarisch reflex responses. The role of these intracardiac receptors is discussed in relation to the circulatory effects resulting from the ingestion of nicotine.
Salvador-Warts-Hippo Pathway in a Developmental Checkpoint Monitoring Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins

The E proteins and Id proteins are, respectively, the positive and negative heterodimer partners for the basic-helix-loop-helix protein family and as such contribute to a remarkably large number of cell-fate decisions. E proteins and Id proteins also function to inhibit or promote cell proliferation and cancer. Using a genetic modifier screen in Drosophila, we show that the Id protein Extramacrochaetae enables growth by suppressing activation of the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway of tumor suppressors, activation that requires transcriptional activation of the expanded gene by the E protein Daughterless. Daughterless protein binds to an intronic enhancer in the expanded gene, both activating the SWH pathway independently of the transmembrane protein Crumbs and bypassing the negative feedback regulation that targets the same expanded enhancer. Thus, the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway has a cell-autonomous function to prevent inappropriate differentiation due to transcription factor imbalance and monitors the intrinsic developmental status of progenitor cells, distinct from any responses to cell-cell interactions.
Ignoring Your Neighbors: Moment Correlations Dominated by Indirect or Distant Interactions in an Ordered Nanomagnet Array

We have studied the moment correlations within triangular lattice arrays of single-domain coaligned nanoscale ferromagnetic islands. Independent variation of lattice spacing along and perpendicular to the island axis tunes the magnetostatic interactions between islands through a broad range of relative strengths. For certain lattice parameters, the sign of the correlations between near-neighbor island moments is opposite to that favored by the pairwise interaction. This finding, supported by analysis of the total correlation in terms of direct and convoluted indirect contributions across multiple pairwise interactions, indicates that indirect interactions and/or those mediated by further neighbors can be tuned to be dominant, with implications for the wide range of systems composed of interacting nanomagnets.
Environmental regulation of enzymes in the microbodies and mitochondria of dark-grown, greening, and light-grown Euglena graclis.

Abstract Catalase activity is demonstrated histochemically in the microbodies of aerated cultures of Euglena gracilis strain Z grown on inorganic media supplemented with acetate or glucose. Although this enzyme can also be assayed photometrically in cell-free extracts of acetate-supplemented cells, it is below the level of detectability in extracts of glucose-supplemented cells, there being an order of magnitude fewer microbodies in the latter than the former. Even acetate-supplemented cultures (dark-grown, greening, or continuously light-grown) fail to exhibit detectable catalase activity when CO 2 is removed from the air by Ascarite. Negative results were obtained with histochemical techniques considered optimal for the demonstration of cytochrome oxidase; under other conditions, however, a KCN-sensitive enzyme was revealed in the mitochondrial matrix. This (unidentified) enzyme is first observed in mitochondria after 20–24 hr of greening, reaches a maximum intensity at about 48 hr, and becomes undetectable by 72 hr of greening. Poisoning of photosynthesis by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU) results in loss of activity of this mitochondrial enzyme.
A Plasmodesmal Glycosyltransferase-Like Protein

Plasmodesmata (Pd) are plant intercellular connections that represent cytoplasmic conduits for a wide spectrum of cellular transport cargoes, from ions to house-keeping proteins to transcription factors and RNA silencing signals; furthermore, Pd are also utilized by most plant viruses for their spread between host cells. Despite this central role of Pd in the plant life cycle, their structural and functional composition remains poorly characterized. In this study, we used a known Pd-associated calreticulin protein AtCRT1 as bait to isolate other Pd associated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. These experiments identified a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase-like enzyme (AtGnTL). Subcellular localization studies using confocal microscopy observed AtGnTL at Pd within living plant cells and demonstrated colocalization with a Pd callose-binding protein (AtPDCB1). That AtGnTL is resident in Pd was consistent with its localization within the plant cell wall following plasmolysis. Initial characterization of an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutant in the AtGnTL gene revealed defects in seed germination and delayed plant growth.
Risk identification and management for safe UAS operation

Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) have numerous applications. Commercial potential in particular will not be realized until a comprehensive strategy is developed for safely and fully integrating UAS into an airspace currently dominated by commercial transport operations. This paper overviews a challenging benchmark application, on-demand surveillance over a densely-populated urban region, then presents a spectrum of risks that might be encountered. We describe novel risk mitigation criteria for small UAS that focus not on vehicle preservation but instead on minimizing risk of harm to people and property on the ground as well as to higher-value airborne assets. We conclude with a case study in which wind shear and turbulence in an urban canyon require a small UAS to execute an unplanned landing.
Improving pretransport care of pediatric emergency patients: an assessment of referring hospital care.

Objectives: Before effective educational interventions can be implemented to improve health care, a needs assessment is essential to determine areas best targeted for improvement. The purpose of this study was to assess the educational needs of referring community hospitals with regard to the pretransport care of pediatric patients. Methods: We performed a prospective survey of physicians accepting referrals from community hospitals in the emergency department of a large, urban, academic, pediatric hospital. Based on the routine pretransport telephone consultation, we asked the accepting physician to document the appropriateness of the referring hospital's management of the patient before the request for transport. We reviewed the corresponding transport records of all children for whom pretransport care was categorized as suboptimal. We report frequencies and relative frequencies for suboptimal care, reasons for suboptimal care, and the pretransport diagnoses of these patients. Results: There were 817 pediatric patients transported from 54 different hospitals during the 3-month study period, for which we received 477 surveys (58% response rate). The accepting physician rated the pretransport care as suboptimal for 105 (22%) of 477 patients. The most common diagnoses of referrals were respiratory distress, asthma, and seizures. Care was more likely to be reported suboptimal for patients with fever (P = 0.001) and asthma (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Using a simple survey, we identified opportunities for improvement in the management of pediatric emergency patients by referring hospitals in 22% of cases.
Pharmacological properties of novel bicyclic isoquinoline analogs in isolated guinea pig atria, trachea and in human platelets: relationship to trimetoquinol.

Abstract 1. Antiplatelet and β-adrenoceptor activities of a set of secondary and tertiary N-methyl substituted amine analogs of trimetoquinol (TMQ, I and II, respectively) and 5,8-ethano-l-(p-methoxy-benzyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroisoquinoline (bicyclic isoquinoline compounds III and IV, respectively) were examined. 2. Compounds III and IV induced relaxations of guinea pig trachea which were blocked by propranolol whereas neither compound acted as an agonist nor antagonist of β-adrenoceptors (chronotropy) in guinea pig atria. TMQ analogs (I and II) were agonists in both β-adrenoceptor systems. 3. When tested in human platelets, compounds III and IV, like the TMQ analogs, blocked several inducers of the prostaglandin-dependent and -independent pathways, and the α2-adrenoceptor-mediated pathway of platelet activation. 4. The bicyclic isoquinoline analogs (III and IV) possessed more selective β2-adrenoceptor stimulatory activity and equal or greater inhibitory activity against inducers of the prostaglandin-independent pathways of platelet function than the corresponding TMQ analogs (I and II). 5. These chemically novel lipophilic bicyclic compounds provide a new lead to the development of agents useful for the treatment of asthma and thrombotic disorders.
Rapid modulation of protein synthesis in normal rats by specific neutralization and replacement of growth hormone.

Since acute treatment with antibodies to rat GH (ArGH) rapidly and specifically neutralizes the activity of circulating rat GH (rGH), the effect of rapid changes in GH status on protein synthesis was examined in diaphragm muscle from normal rats treated acutely with ArGH or control serum via an indwelling iv cannula. The incorporation of tritiated amino acids into muscle protein served as an index of protein synthesis. Rats were treated with serum twice in 3 h; 3 h later, the diaphragm muscle was incubated with [3H]leucine or [3H]phenylalanine. Under these conditions, the basal incorporation of the amino acids into muscle protein was lower after ArGH treatment. In these tissues, the addition of GH (5 μg/ml) in vitro restored protein synthesis to control levels within 90 min, whereas tissues from rats treated with control serum were not stimulated by the added GH. In all experiments, neutralization of the biological activity of GH by ArGH was verified by loss of the specific refractory effect of GH in adip...
Neuropsychological differences between schizophrenic patients with heterogeneous Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance

This report compares neuropsychological test results of schizophrenic patients with good (5-6 categories achieved) and poor (0-1 categories achieved) performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). It was found that the subjects with poor performance also had substantial deficits on the subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Halstead-Reitan Battery. The subjects with good WCST performance demonstrated a relatively mild degree of impairment on these tests, except for normal performance on the verbal subtests of the WAIS-R. It was concluded that: (1) not all schizophrenic patients have dense perseverative behavior as identified by impaired performance on the WCST; (2) impaired performance on the WCST is accompanied by a variety of other cognitive deficits; and (3) there appear to be measures more sensitive to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia than the WCST.
Parental Beliefs and Children's Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

Abstract The present study was guided by the Family Influence Model to examine the role of parental beliefs in their children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The specific purposes were to (1) examine the nature of a parental belief system that may be relevant to children's MVPA participation, (2) determine if parental beliefs regarding their children's MVPA are gender related, (3) examine the relationship between parents' exercise behavior and children's MVPA participation, and (4) investigate the strength of the relationship between parental beliefs and children's self-reported MVPA. The participants for this study included 81 children (26 girls and 55 boys) between the ages of 11 and 15 years and their parents (n = 142). Significant findings were: (1) descriptive evidence of a parental belief system for children's MVPA existed, (2) mothers and fathers differed in their MVPA-related beliefs for their child, (3) no relationship was found between parents' exercise behavior and children's M...
Lung Lavage with KL4 Surfactant in a Neonatal Model of Meconium Aspiration; The Importance of Peep. † 960

Lung Lavage with KL4 Surfactant in a Neonatal Model of Meconium Aspiration; The Importance of Peep. † 960
Timeline as Unifying Concept for Spacecraft Operations

The notion of Timeline has been used informally in spacecraft operations software for some time, but it has not heretofore been formalized and unified either syntactically or semantically. We have formalized and unified the Timeline so that the commonality can be exploited to reduce the cost of developing and using spacecraft operations software. The Timeline can then be used as the common data structure for storage and communications between spacecraft planning and operations software elements.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and optical properties of CeMn0.5OSe

The new quaternary selenide CeMn0.5OSe has been synthesized by the reaction of Ce, Mn, Se, and SeO2 at 1223 K. This compound crystallizes in space group P4/nmm of the tetragonal system with two formula units in a cell of dimensions at 153 K of a ¼ 4:0260ð7Þ A ˚ , c ¼ 9:107ð2Þ A ˚ . CeMn0.5OSe has the LaAgOS structure type. It is built from [CeO] fluorite-like layers where Ce4O tetrahedra share Ce–Ce edges that alternate with [MnSe] anti-fluorite like layers along [001]. An optical band gap of 2.01 eV has been derived from absorption measurements on the (100) crystal face of a CeMn0.5OSe single crystal. r 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fun in the night

First Light: The Search for the Edge of the Universe By Richard Preston Atlantic Monthly Press, New York: 1987. Pp.263. $18.95.
Middleware transparency through aspect-oriented programming using AspectJ and Jini

While distributed middleware technologies, such as CORBA, DCOM and Jini have enabled the development of complex software applications in varied domains, they have also presented challenges. One major challenge is middleware transparency - abstractions that capture those elements of the application specific to the middleware and allow seamless integration of the abstracted elements into an application. Aspect oriented programming (AOP) promises to make the possibility of achieving middleware transparency a reality. This paper describes our attempt to realize middleware transparency by applying AOP with AspectJ to a distributed Jini stock broker service application. We successfully encapsulated Jini code into a number of aspects that greatly simplified the application development process. In addition, we also implemented a number of visualization utility aspects having applicability in a variety of different applications and scenarios. We describe both the benefits and challenges of this approach.
Relationship between Guillain-Barré syndrome, influenza-related hospitalizations, and influenza vaccine coverage.

Abstract Some studies reported an increased risk of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) within six weeks of influenza vaccination. It has also been suggested that this finding could have been confounded by influenza illnesses. We explored the complex relationship between influenza illness, influenza vaccination, and GBS, from an ecologic perspective using nationally representative data. We also studied seasonal patterns for GBS hospitalizations. Monthly hospitalization data (2000–2009) for GBS, and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample were included. Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage for 2004–2005 through the 2008–2009 influenza seasons (August–May) was estimated from the National Health Interview Survey data. GBS seasonality was determined using Poisson regression. GBS and P&I temporal clusters were identified using scan statistics. The association between P&I and GBS hospitalizations in the same month (concurrent) or in the following month (lagged) were determined using negative binomial regression. Vaccine coverage increased over the years (from 19.7% during 2004–2005 to 35.5% during 2008–2009 season) but GBS hospitalization did not follow a similar pattern. Overall, a significant correlation between monthly P&I and GBS hospitalizations was observed (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.7016, p P&I hospitalization rates were significantly correlated with hospitalization rates for GBS. Vaccine coverage did not significantly affect the rates of GBS hospitalization at the population level.
Biological Sex Determines Whether Faces Look Real.

Judging whether a face is real or artificial can be done relatively rapidly and accurately, even when visual information is substantially impoverished. The perception of animacy in the face also has several interesting properties that may reflect both the underlying “tuning” of face space to preferentially represent real face appearance and the diagnosticity of individual features for categorizing faces as animate or inanimate. In the current study, we examined how sex categories interact with animacy perception by separately characterizing animacy judgements as a function of stimulus sex. We find that stimulus sex affects subjective ratings of animacy and sex categorization of real and artificial faces. Specifically, female faces look more artificial and artificial faces look more female. We discuss our results in terms of the ecology of real and artificial faces and the possible role of visual experience with artificial female faces, and the objectification of female faces.
The origin of muscle fasciculations and cramps.

The anatomic site of origin of muscle fasciculations and cramps has been debated for many years. Many authors have argued for a central origin of the abnormal discharges in the anterior horn cells. However, most of the evidence favors a very distal origin in the intramuscular motor nerve terminals. The factors giving rise to these discharges are not well understood. Fasciculations may be related to chemical excitation of motor nerve terminals, whereas cramps may result from mechanical excitation of motor nerve terminals during muscle shortening. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrastructure and electrodiagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in Cockayne's syndrome.

Cockayne9s syndrome is a multisystem disease that begins in infancy and is inherited as an autosomal recessive. We studied a 4-year-old girl with nystagmus, ataxia, motor weakness, peripheral neuropathy, deficient growth, and developmental delay. Nerve biopsy revealed segmental demyelination and granular lysosomal inclusions on ultrastructural examination.
Management of a young patient with combined autoimmunity: Evans Syndrome: a case report

Management of patients with autoimmune disease can present a challenge for clinicians. Combinations of autoimmune disorders carry a worse prognosis and are often difficult to diagnose. Evans syndrome is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the concurrent presentation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. This paper reports the first case of the dental management of a young patient with Evans, discusses the current literature surrounding the differential diagnosis and treatment of Evans syndrome, and suggests a guide for the oral medicine, pediatric dentist, or hospital dental clinician when treating these patients.
A study of creep and creep rupture of polycarbonate

The creep characteristics of polycarbonate at elevated temperatures are investigated. The onset of glass transition temperature of polycarbonate is determined. An Arrhenius type relationship is used to describe the creep process and the concept of property retention index as applied to creep is discussed. An attempt is made to construct the master rupture curves for polycarbonate. The onset of glass transition temperature of polycarbonate was placed at around 110 o C. It is concluded that the Arrhenius theory and the concept of property retention index are extremely useful in the construction of master rupture curves and that they require further investigation
Social power: To use or not to use?

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that use of reward power possessed by a leader increases group productivity, whereas use of coercive power decreases productivity. Leaders of two-person groups selected sets of anagrams to be attempted by the follower. Half of the leaders had control over rewards (additional points for good performance) and half had control over punishments (few points for poor performance). Half of the leaders in each condition used their power and half did not. Just before the final trial, the leader made a special appeal to the follower to exert more effort to solve as many of the anagrams as possible. The results supported the hypothesis with regard to the use-nonuse of coercive power but not with regard to the use or nonuse of reward power. These findings were interpreted in terms of affective relations between leaders and followers.
c-erbB activation in ALV-induced erythroblastosis: novel RNA processing and promoter insertion result in expression of an amino-truncated EGF receptor.

Summary ALV induced erythroblastosis results from the specific interruption of the host oncogene, c- erb B, by the insertion of an intact provirus. Integrated proviruses are oriented in the same transcriptional direction as c- erb B, and expression of truncated c- erb B transcripts is observed. Evidence, including sequence analysis of cDNA clones, indicates that transcription of truncated c- erb B mRNA is initiated in the 5′ LTR of the integrated provirus. This transcript is processed through a series of remarkable splicing reactions to yield viral gag and env sequences fused to erb B sequences. These results establish a novel pathway of promoter insertion oncogenesis that stands in contrast to the pathways used in the activation of c- myc in B lymphomas.
A three-dimensional analytical model to simulate groundwater flow during operation of recirculating wells

The potential for using pairs of so-called horizontal flow treatment wells (HFTWs) to effect in situ capture and treatment of contaminated groundwater has recently been demonstrated. To apply this new technology, design engineers need to be able to simulate the relatively complex groundwater flow patterns that result from HFTW operation. In this work, a three-dimensional analytical solution for steady flow in a homogeneous, anisotropic, contaminated aquifer is developed to efficiently calculate the interflow of water circulating between a pair of HFTWs and map the spatial extent of contaminated groundwater flowing from upgradient that is captured. The solution is constructed by superposing the solutions for the flow fields resulting from operation of partially penetrating wells. The solution is used to investigate the flow resulting from operation of an HFTW well pair and to quantify how aquifer anisotropy, well placement, and pumping rate impact capture zone width and interflow. The analytical modeling method presented here provides a fast and accurate technique for representing the flow field resulting from operation of HFTW systems, and represents a tool that can be useful in designing in situ groundwater contamination treatment systems.
Understanding High-Stakes Decision Making: Constructing a Model of the Decision to Seek Shelter From Intimate Partner Violence

Violent events, options considered, commitment influences on the generation of options, and decisions to stay or leave for shelter were extracted from interview transcripts of 25 women living in a shelter. The purpose was to create a graphic representation of the model of the decision to seek shelter from intimate partner violence (IPV). Sequential decision problem models were constructed to illuminate the complexity of such a high-stakes, poorly structured decision involving conflicting goals and time pressure. The sequential structure of this behavioral decision problem is significant, partially explaining the many violent episodes and multiple attempts to leave that many abused women experience.
Effects of Coupled Biaxial Tension and Shear Stresses on Decrimping Behavior in Pressurized Woven Fabric

Tension structures continue to be of increasing importance to military applications requiring both minimum weight, small packing volumes and enhanced deployment operations. However, in the case of inflated fabric structures, present design methods are not well established. Analytical tools required to efficiently design these structures lag behind those for conventional structures and materials. This is partly due to nonlinearities resulting from changes in fabric architecture upon loading. In particular, constitutive relationships need to be developed to establish the pressure-dependence and coupling effects of biaxial tension and shear loads. Through analysis and experiment, the present research addresses the changes in fabric architecture and, more specifically, the combined effects of biaxial tension, shear and crimp interchange on the global behavior of woven fabrics. Engineering test standards need to be prepared that capture the fabric’s mechanical behavior under a variety of coupled loading environments. A novel fixture is introduced for use in experimental testing of fabrics subjected to combined biaxial tension and shear loads.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Similarity Relations in Electrical Engineering

The application of dimensional analysis to various types of problems in electrical engineering is discussed in this paper for the purpose of stimulating the use of model experiments in solving these problems. The authors hold that this method can be applied to many electrical engineering problems that are difficult of solution otherwise. Criterions for determining whether or not dimensional analysis and model experiments can be used are given.
"The First Twenty Years," by Bernard J. Siegel. Annual Review of Anthropology, 22 (1993), pp. 1-34, Annual Reviews, Inc, Palo Alto

After twenty years as editor of the Annual Review ofAnthropology (ARA), Professor Siegel took on a daunting task with this article. In his words, he set out to "ponder the developments in the several subfields of anthropol­ogy over this period of time, as reflected in the topics selected for review in this enterprise" (p. 8). To this end Siegel, a cultural anthropologist, mined the collective knowledge contained within twenty years of the ARA. In his presentation, he considers the intellectual developments within each of the five subdisciplines separately (he includes applied anthropology), concluding with some brief remarks on the importance of maintaining a four or five) field approach to anthropology. For our purposes here, I will limit my comments to his section on archaeology.
Delayed hypersensitivity in mice.

Abstract A new technique has been used to show that white mice can develop delayed hypersensitivity to tubercle bacilli. The technique consists of determining mouse lung densities after intravenous challenge with these bacilli, increased densities indicating the delayed allergic reaction. Aside from its high sensitivity, this method takes advantage of the observation that in sensitized mice undergoing such a reaction the major organs primarily affected are the lungs. The reported experiments show that living, avirulent tubercle bacilli suspended in water-oil emulsions sensitize as effectively as similarly injected but buffer-suspended living, virulent bacilli. The delayed hypersensitivity reaction could be elicited with as little as 0.03 mg. of either virulent or avirulent bacilli. Active and passive sensitization experiments showed that the observed delayed lung reaction was not due to an anaphylactic (immediate) type of hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein. A short review of the literature concerned with the question of whether or not mice and rats can develop delayed hypersensitivity is presented, and from this the conclusion is reached that available evidence overwhelmingly favors the competence of these species to become allergic.
Numerical methods for locating small dielectric inhomogeneities

We present numerical simulations illustrating the reconstruction of data for electromagnetic inverse problems. Two situations are considered: prescribed electric field and measured magnetic field at the boundary of a medium with cylindrical symmetries, and the analysis of the far field pattern of a scattered field produced by the incidence of an incoming wave on a set of small inhomogeneities.
Thermal control of nanostructure and molecular network development in epoxy-amine thermosets.

Epoxy-amine resins find wide application as the matrix material of high performance polymer composites because of their favorable mechanical properties, thermal properties and solvent stability. These properties result from the complicated, highly cross-linked molecular network that is characteristic of epoxy-amine thermoset polymers. The connectivity of the molecular network has a strong influence on the physical performance of the finished part. Nonhomogeneity in the network structure can degrade these favorable properties through the introduction of low-energy pathways for solvent penetration or fracture propagation. This work examines the influence of cure temperature on the network-building cross-linking reaction and the subsequent effect on the homogeneity of the cross-linked molecular network. Specific attention is paid to nanoscale variation in the distribution of cross-link density. Thermal, rheological, and spectroscopic techniques are used to monitor key chemical and structural changes during n...
Electrochemical reduction of triphosphopyridine nucleotide

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of triphosphopyridine nucleotide is essentially the same as that of diphosphopyridine nucleotide and 1-alkylnicotinamide model compounds. TPN+ exhibits two polarographic reduction waves. The first represents a reversible one-electron transfer to form a free radical, which is followed by an irreversible chemical step believed to be dimerization at the 4-position of the pyridine ring. At a potential on the second wave, a mixture of TPNH and the dimer is formed. Differences between DPN+ and TPN+ reported by earlier workers cannot be explained with certainty but may relate to hydrogen evolution at the cathode.
Books and monographs on finite element technology

The present paper proviees a listing of all of the English books and some of the foreign books on finite element technology, taking into account also a list of the conference proceedings devoted solely to finite elements. The references are divided into categories. Attention is given to fundamentals, mathematical foundations, structural and solid mechanics applications, fluid mechanics applications, other applied science and engineering applications, computer implementation and software systems, computational and modeling aspects, special topics, boundary element methods, proceedings of symmposia and conferences on finite element technology, bibliographies, handbooks, and historical accounts.