cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

Water is essential for life, ecosystems, and social and economic development. We depend on a reliable, clean supply of drinking water to sustain our health. Water is also needed for agriculture, energy production, navigation, recreation, and manufacturing. Its exploitation and use must be well planned and managed in a sustainable manner. Water availability has been reduced due to periodic droughts, overconsumption of surface and groundwater resources, and pollution and climate change. Population increase, fast growth of cities, and accelerating economic activity are increasing the demand for water, energy, and food and creating further pressures on water resources. In many developing countries, the lack of adequate, clean, and safe water, pollution of aquatic environments, and the mismanagement of natural resources are still major causes of environmental health problem and mortality. Irregular rainfall, more floods, and droughts are becoming more frequent events in different parts of the world.
Convection from Hemispherical and Conical Model Ice Roughness Elements in Stagnation Region Flows

To improve ice accretion prediction codes, more data regarding ice roughness and its effects on convective heat transfer are required. The Vertical Icing Studies Tunnel (VIST) at NASA Glenn Research was used to model realistic ice roughness in the stagnation region of a NACA 0012 airfoil. In the VIST, a test plate representing the leading 2% chord of the airfoil was subjected to flows of 7.62 m/s (25 ft/s), 12.19 m/s (40 ft/s), and 16.76 m/s (55 ft/s). The test plate was fitted with multiple surfaces or sets of roughness panels, each with a different representation of ice roughness. The sets of roughness panels were constructed using two element distribution patterns that were created based on a laser scan of an iced airfoil acquired in the Icing Research Tunnel at NASA Glenn. For both roughness patterns, surfaces were constructed using plastic hemispherical elements, plastic conical elements, and aluminum conical elements. Infrared surface thermometry data from tests run in the VIST were used to calculate area averaged heat transfer coefficient values. The values from the roughness surfaces were compared to the smooth control surface, showing convective enhancement as high as 400% in some cases. The data gathered during this study will ultimately be used to improve the physical modeling in LEWICE or other ice accretion codes and produce predictions of in-flight ice accretion on aircraft surfaces with greater confidence.
Recent observations on the pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

TTP has been presumed to occur as a consequence of the intrusion into the circulation of one or more platelet aggregating agents. The aggregating substance has variously been reported to be proteins of either 37,000 Daltons or 59,000 Daltons, or a calcium-activated protease (calpain) that has cysteine as part of its active enzyme site. Even more evidence has accumulated to suggest that large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimeric forms may mediate intravascular platelet aggregation in the various types of TTP and in HUS
Visual Diagnosis: Rash, Eye Pain, Lesions in an Adolescent

1. Sarah Powers, MD* 2. Gina Carter-Beard, MD† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Santa Fe, NM. 2. †Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore. A 17-year-old boy presents to his primary care practitioner with a 3-day history of rash, bilateral eye irritation, and sores in his mouth and on his genitals. He had been seen in the emergency department approximately 1 week ago for fever and a sore throat. A rapid streptococcal antigen test was positive at that time, and he was started on oral azithromycin therapy. Four days later, he developed facial swelling, eye redness, and “hives,” appearing initially on his hands, then spreading to his legs and feet. Although his sore throat resolved, new and different oral lesions appeared, and his lips became chapped and painful, prompting him to go to an urgent care clinic, where his azithromycin therapy was discontinued and he was started on oral prednisone and diphenhydramine. However, his skin lesions and eye pain continued to worsen, and sores appeared on his genitals. When he developed dysuria, he presented to his primary care physician for additional evaluation. The patient reports a history of allergy to penicillin, manifesting as hives in the past. Except for this past week, he takes no medications. There is no family history of skin disease. He is a sophomore in high school and smokes a half pack of cigarettes daily. He acknowledges occasional binge drinking and daily marijuana use but denies the use of other illicit drugs. He has been sexually active since the age of 16 years and has had many female partners, including some intercourse without protection, but denies any history of sexually transmitted infection. Physical examination reveals an alert, thin, but well-nourished adolescent male. His temperature is 37.0°C, respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min, …
Music and Civic Space: The Political Harp

In Irish culture, the Celtic Harp is a metaphor for human struggle, freedom and intellectual life and, as such, is inextricably bound to politics. Separating Irish society from its politics, the birth of its government and music is simply not possible. Having a conference on Music and Civic Space in Ireland made a kind of sense in this way. In May 2005, an interdisciplinary group of international scholars were invited to University College Cork by the Department of Government to discuss the relationship between music and governance and, in particular, music’s role in creating public culture. The symposium offered here to the readers of Public Voices is a product and a direct outcome of the conference.
Pressurizing the STEM Pipeline: an Expectancy-Value Theory Analysis of Youths’ STEM Attitudes

Over the past decade, there has been a strong national push to increase minority students’ positive attitudes towards STEM-related careers. However, despite this focus, minority students have remained underrepresented in these fields. Some researchers have directed their attention towards improving the STEM pipeline which carries students through our educational system and into STEM careers. Previous research has shown that expectancy-value theory (EVT) is useful for examining the short-term as well as long-term academic motivations and intentions of elementary age minority students. These findings provide insights into ways we may be able to potentially “patch” particular STEM pipeline leaks. In the current study, we advance this research by using EVT as a framework to examine the STEM attitudes of young students directly. We hypothesize that students’ academic-related expectancies for success and subjective task values will be associated with an increase in STEM attitudes. Data for this study was gathered over the course of a large-scale computing intervention which sought to increase students’ STEM interest. This computing intervention took place in an urban elementary school district located within the southeastern USA. Results from this study indicate that both intrinsic values and utility values predict students’ STEM attitudes but they influence attitudes related to the various dimensions of STEM differently. These findings demonstrate that EVT provides a useful framework, which can be integrated into future computing interventions, to help encourage positive STEM attitudes in young children, thus increasing the internal pressure (or flow) within the STEM pipeline.
The Characterization of Water in Treed Crosslinked Polyethylene Films

A particularly troublesome problem to the electric utility industry is the occurrence of tree-like defects in polyethylene- insulated transmission cables that have been energized for a period of time in the presence of water (1). These defects, water trees, are associated with decreased dielectric strength (2) and may be responsible for premature failure of underground cables (3). Although it is generally agreed that both water and electrical stress are necessary for the initiation and growth of water trees, no single mechanism for the formation of these defects is universally accepted (4).
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS

Background: Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Liver disease is associated with thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy while anticoagulant use for atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with bleeding risk. However, whether cirrhosis with
Disparities in Counseling Female Cancer Patients for Fertility Preservation.

Abstract Background: Female cancer patients who are exposed to gonadotoxic chemotherapy are at risk of future infertility. Research suggests that disparities in fertility preservation counseling (FPC) may exist. Previous research is limited by recall bias; therefore, this study examined objective electronic medical chart data regarding FPC at an academic medical center. Materials and Methods: This study included reproductive-aged women (18–45 years old) with a diagnosis of breast, gynecological, or hematological cancer and who were exposed to a gonadotoxic chemotherapeutic agent from 2009 to 2013. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were utilized to analyze disparities in FPC. Results: Two hundred fifty-nine women met the study criteria. One hundred eighty-one women were diagnosed with breast cancer, 52 with hematological cancer, and 26 with gynecological cancer. 160/259 (62%) women had documented counseling for fertility preservation (FP), 60 (23%) women were not counseled as counseling was deter...
Splintering South: Ecologically Unequal Exchange Theory in a Fragmented Global Climate

The article examines the changing nature of politics in the United Nations climate negotiations through the lens of ecologically unequal exchange theory, focusing on the lead up to and aftermath of the 2015 Paris negotiations. We identify and discuss three areas of tension that have emerged within the G-77 coalition: tensions within the global semi-periphery, tensions between the semi-periphery and periphery, and tensions within the periphery. Together, these tensions challenge the main link of solidarity in the G-77 coalition: the idea that all countries in the global South share a common predicament in the global system, with the North solely to blame. Drawing upon this case, we offer three related insights to develop ecologically unequal exchange theory. First, theory and empirical work must better consider the role of the semi-periphery, and divisions within the semi-periphery, in reproducing ecologically unequal societies. Second, theory should account for how fragmentation between the periphery and semi-periphery may produce distinct challenges for peripheral states to resist governance forms which intensify ecologically unequal exchange. Third, theory should better account for the ways in which ecologically unequal exchange as mobilized as a collective action frame reflects and diverges from the real-world distribution of environmental goods and bads in the world system.
Are There Social Benefits? Exploring the Role of Positive Consequences in the Relationship Between Social Anxiety Symptoms and Negative Drinking Consequences

Research has shown that college students with social anxiety experience more alcohol-related negative consequences, regardless of the amount of alcohol they consume. To better understand this relat...
Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Implications on CD4+ T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.

Abstract Significance: Previous work has indicated that type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathology is highly driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS). One way in which ROS shape the autoimmune response demonstrated in T1D is by promoting CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation. As CD4+ T cells are a significant contributor to pancreatic β cell destruction in T1D, understanding how ROS impact their development, activation, and differentiation is critical. Recent Advances: CD4+ T cells themselves generate ROS via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression and electron transport chain activity. Moreover, T cells can also be exposed to exogenous ROS generated by other immune cells (e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells) and β cells. Genetically modified animals and ROS inhibitors have demonstrated that ROS blockade during activation results in CD4+ T cell hyporesponsiveness and reduced diabetes incidence. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Although the majority of studies with regard to...
The ‘Alphabet of Words’ in the Durham Collectar: An Edition with Two New Manuscript Witnesses

the alphabet of words ( aw ), a latin alphabet text with an interlinear old english gloss, occurs among the additions made to the durham collectar ( d ) by the priest aldred in the tenth century. previously thought to be extant only in d , and possibly by aldred himself, aw also survives (without the oe gloss) in a kassel manuscript ( k ) from the second half of the eighth century, as well as in a defective twelfth-century copy in karlsruhe ( kr ). most of aw is also incorporated in a latin treatise on the alphabet (“audiuimus multos”: am) compiled probably in the ninth century. aw belongs to the genre of “parenetic alphabet,” widely attested in greek but also sporadically in latin, including in a ninth-century paris manuscript ( p : bnf, lat. 2796) that shares lemmata and glosses with aw for the letters x, y, and z. we provide the first critical edition and translation of aw from d, k , and kr , with variants from am and p , together with a discussion of aw ’s genre and relation to other alphabetical texts as well as a full commentary on the biblical, apocryphal, and patristic lore transmitted by aw ’s lemmata and glosses on each letter.
Oral Reading Fluency as a Predictor of Reading Comprehension with American Indian and White Elementary Students.

The use of curriculum-based measures for the purpose of school-wide screening and progress monitoring of reading within school reform processes has been discussed extensively in the literature over...
Le modèle spatial de rendement est-il une solution plus pertinente pour l¿exploitation des forêts tropicales ?

Experience with companies, using single-tree selection systems for logging in Sarawak, shows that they are generally guided only by basic statutory harvesting rules like minimum diameter limits, maximum gap size and permitted species. At best, silvicultural considerations are typically only implied in the harvesting rules, rather than being explicitly considered in harvest planning and operations. Increasingly, companies are moving towards 100 percent enumeration of trees and tree mapping using GPS as part of reduced or low-impact logging systems. Use of GPS results in a spatial database of trees and key descriptors that could be used to plan future activities by modeling growth and yield to forecast key forest parameters, such as DBH and species, and to map the location of trees. Doing this would help to shift the focus of harvest planners and surveyors from operational to silvicultural considerations such as spacing, recruitment, and future crop trees, when planning harvesting. The main reason why companies are not doing this type of planning now is that the common tropical forest models use area-based parameters (whole stand models, size class models) that are only relevant to large scale planning. Typically these models do not make use of the spatial data that is generated in logging planning, require significantly more and different data that what is used in planning logging operations, and do not produce outputs that are relevant to operational harvest planning. What would be more useful are single-tree models that make use of spatial data, and that produce output that is operationally relevant, including diameter, species, and location of trees. The paper outlines operational requirements of reduced and low-impact logging systems and recommends yield modelling approaches that would work with these systems.
Families, Professionals, and Responsibility

To focus on the question of responsibility in the context of family policies and youth welfare means to reflect on the political and programmatic framework and its implications for the welfare provisions for families and children. Therefore, this chapter will describe central aspects of social, educational, and family policy in Germany. After discussing unequal opportunities for coping with the educational system, it will present an analytic model of familialization and defamilialization in welfare contexts related to families and discuss its dimensions of responsibilization of parents. Finally, it will reconstruct underlying normative ideas and their implications for professional practice under the conditions of (de-) familializing family policies.
Time Dependence in Material Properties: An Overview

This article presents an overview of time dependence in the mechanical properties of materials, and of the methods to describe it.
Human Cyclic Neutropenia: Urinary Colony-stimulating Factor and Erythropoietin Levels

Daily levels of urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were measured in two patients with cyclic neutropenia. The CSF levels increased during the neutropenic period concomitant with the maximum peripheral monocytosis. Simultaneous erythropoietin (ESF) levels were measured in one of these patients. ESF also increased in the neutropenic period antecedent to the periodic reticulocytosis. These studies are compatible with a negative feedback system regulating both granulocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Whether the cyclic fluctuations of these substances are causally related to the cyclic marrow proliferation is uncertain.
Banach Spaces with Weak Sequentially Compact Dual Balls

Alaoglu’s theorem ensures that every bounded sequence (x n * ) in X* has a weak* convergent subnet. When can one actually extract a weak* convergent subsequence? As yet, no one knows. In this chapter a few of the most attractive conditions assuring the existence of such subsequences are discussed.
Specific Interactions Involving Hormonal and Other Changes

In their advice to participants at this Institute, the organizers asked that presentations be critical reviews and provocative speculation. The critical review of hormones in plant disease recently has been accomplished by Sequiera (34) and Van Andel and Fuchs (41) while certain other aspects of hormones in diseased plants were covered in a recent symposium to be published (10). Consequently, it seems more appropriate for me to emphasize the speculative, although I am not sure whether this colloquial effort will be considered provocative, provocation or mere idiosyncrasy. An attempt will be made to develop the notion that growth regulators, including natural hormones, are potential candidates as causes of specificity in plant disease. By necessity, the attempt is colloquial because critical evidence is lacking? yet our experience with rust diseases has caused us at least to acknowledge the idea.
Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease

The accurate identification of patients at increased risk for future cardiovascular events is challenging. Commonly utilized risk prediction tools, such as the Framingham risk score, rely on a small number of well-­validated standard cardiovascular risk factors. Although this easily applied and widely-available approach has been shown to have reasonably good risk predictive value, it may fail to recognize a significant proportion of patients at increased risk for future cardiovascular events. In addition, the risk prediction provided is of a relatively limited time horizon (10 years). Numerous novel biomarkers, such as highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), LDL particle sizes, myeloperoxidase and matrix metalloproteinase, have been evaluated in an effort to improve cardiovascular risk prediction and ultimately guide the application of preventative therapies. Among these, highly-sensitive hsCRP has been the most extensively studied and has been shown to modestly improve risk prediction beyond the use of standard cardiovascular risk factors among low-intermediate risk screening patients. However, limitations to the use of hsCRP include its modest incremental improvement on the FRS, known genetic polymorphisms which increase hsCRP levels unrelated to cardiovascular events, and its inferior risk prediction as compared to coronary artery calcium scanning. Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on screening and prevention endorse the use of hsCRP in adults without diabetes, chronic kidney disease and known cardiovascular disease, with LDL < 130 and not already on a statin (IIa recommendation). The oxidation of LDL results in foam cell production and subsequent atherosclerosis progression. However, the measurement of the LDL oxidation process using serum markers is currently not widely available and well-validated. Similarly, despite evidence demonstrating that LDL particle sizes, myeloperoxidase, and matrix metalloproteinases are associated with atherosclerosis progression, plaque instability, and future cardiovascular events, their independent, incremental value beyond standard cardiovascular risk factors has not been validated and requires further study.
Classical Infinitesimal Theory Of Elasticity

The classical linearized theory of elasticity provides a model that is useful in the study of infinitesimal deformations of an elastic material. In this chapter we remark briefly on the relationship between this linearized theory for infinitesimal deformations and the exact theory of the elastic simple material.
Coverage and Spectral Efficiency of Device-to-Device Relay-Assisted Cellular Networks

Two-hop relay transmissions can be exploited to improve the coverage and spectral efficiency of cellular networks. Using stochastic geometry, we develop analytical models for the uplink coverage probability and spectral efficiency of two-hop device-to-device (D2D) relay-assisted cellular networks, in which user equipments (UEs) with poor direct links to the base station (BS) can complete their transmissions with the help of a relay UE. We assume overlay inband D2D operation such that D2D link transmissions (from the source UE to the relay UE) use uplink spectrum, but do not interfere with uplink transmissions in the same cell. We model the base stations (BSs) and candidate relay UEs as Poisson point processes (PPPs) and derive the two-hop coverage probability capturing the correlation of the two links in two-hop transmission. We then model the uplink spectral efficiency, which takes into account the D2D link resource usage and depends on the mode selection strategy. Numerical results show that the analytical models provide reasonable approximations of the cellular uplink performance with a Rayleigh fading assumption. They also reveal insights into the coverage and spectral efficiency gains achievable when leveraging D2D relays on the uplink of a cellular network.
Clinical Utility of Classical and Nonclassical Monocyte Percentage in the Diagnosis of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia.

Objectives To determine if a clinically applicable flow cytometry methodology could identify chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cases. Methods Monocyte subset screening (CD14/CD16 expression) was performed on 68 blood and 25 bone marrow specimens with a monocytosis and/or flagged as possible CMML. Fifty thousand total events were obtained per case. Cases were categorized as CMML, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), or non-CMML + non-aCML by clinicopathologic diagnosis. Results The methodology differentiated blood and bone marrow CMML cases from non-CMML + non-aCML but not three aCML cases in the clinical setting. Furthermore, a decreased percentage of nonclassical monocytes (CD14dimCD16+) showed better sensitivity than the previously described approach that relied on increased percentage of classical monocytes (CD14brightCD16-). Conclusions Quantification of monocyte subsets is useful in clinical practice as a diagnostic marker of CMML in blood and bone marrow specimens. The percentage of nonclassical monocytes should be included in analysis of monocyte subsets.
Outbursts in Stellar Black Hole Candidates: A Time-Dependent Study of Viscous Accretion Flow

In the accretion process around compact objects, matter needs a considerable amount of viscosity to take away its angular momentum and maintain the flow towards the compact object. There are two components that dominate the accretion flow onto black holes, one having Keplerian angular momentum distribution near equatorial plane, another low angular momentum sub-Keplerian flow surrounding the Keplerian flow. A sudden rise in viscosity in the accretion disk at a very large distance from the compact object is generally responsible for the X-ray outbursts of some stellar mass black holes. When viscosity reduces, the object tends to return to its pre-outburst quiescence stage. We have tried to mimic the rise and fall of viscosity parameter as a part of the outer boundary condition by numerical simulation procedure to study the pattern of formation and disappearance of the Keplerian disk inside an advective halo. We believe that, for the first time, our results are able to simulate the two-component advective flow dynamics during an entire X-ray outburst of a black hole candidate. Also, we see, the hysteresis effect of an outburst is caused mainly for the difference in the time duration in the formation and disappearance of the Keplerian component in the two-component flow.
Prices versus nudges: What matters for search versus purchase of energy investments?

Abstract We report the results of a field experiment where we exogenously vary the use of social comparison “nudges” and subsidies for participation in an in-home energy audit program. We follow subjects through to subsequent purchase of durable goods. We therefore can compare the causal effect of financial incentives and nudges along two margins: audits, which we liken to search, and purchase of durables. Using data on nearly 100,000 households we document that both prices and nudges cause a statistically significant increase in audits. Comparing point estimates, effective nudges are worth roughly $50–$70. However, we find that neither nudges nor subsidies do not significantly impact installations.
Supplemental Instruction in a First-Year Engineering Course: A study from the Learning with Academic Partners (LEAP) Program

This innovative practice full paper reviews the formation and effects of the LEarning with Academic Partners (LEAP) program at Michigan Technological University in the first two years of operation. The LEAP Program combines the job requirements of a traditional Teaching Assistant (TA) with those of a Supplemental Instruction (SI) Leader. While each program has their benefits, to date, no one has evaluated the effects of a combined program such as the one established at Michigan Tech. To determine these effects, we focused our analysis on measuring course performance and student attitudes of student groups in a second semester first-year engineering course, ENG1102 - Engineering Modeling and Design: Spring 2017 (no LEAP), Spring 2017 (no LEAP/pilot LEAP with optional attendance), and 2018 (LEAP with mandatory attendance).
The inheritance of winter hardiness in Pisum II. Description and release of advance generation breeding lines

Advanced generations of 26 winter hardy pea lines derived from crosses between the Austrian winter pea and annual commercial types are described. Levels of hardiness approachng and equalling the hardy parent are indicated in lines having commercial type peas. Sufficient genetic diversity exists between these lines to permit construction of cultivars adapted to need. The importance of sufficient stand density to permit self protection is discussed.
Exponentially Complex "Classically Entangled" States in Arrays of One-Dimensional Nonlinear Elastic Waveguides.

We demonstrate theoretically, using multiple-time-scale perturbation theory, the existence of nonseparable superpositions of elastic waves in an externally driven elastic system composed of three one-dimensional elastic wave guides coupled via nonlinear forces. The nonseparable states span a Hilbert space with exponential complexity. The amplitudes appearing in the nonseparable superposition of elastic states are complex quantities dependent on the frequency of the external driver. By tuning these complex amplitudes, we can navigate the state’s Hilbert space. This nonlinear elastic system is analogous to a two-partite two-level quantum system.
Co-encapsulation of slow release compounds and Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 in gellan gum beads to promote the long-term aerobic cometabolic transformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethene and 1,4-dioxane

Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 (strain ATCC 21198) was successfully co-encapsulated in gellan gum beads with orthosilicates as slow release compounds (SRCs) to support aerobic cometabolism of a mixture of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) at aqueous concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 μg L-1. Oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production showed the co-encapsulated cells utilized the alcohols that were released from the co-encapsulated SRCs. Two model SRCs, tetrabutylorthosilicate (TBOS) and tetra-s-butylorthosilicate (T2BOS), which hydrolyze to produce 1- and 2-butanol, respectively, were encapsulated in gellan gum (GG) at mass loadings as high as 10% (w/w), along with strain ATCC 21198. In the GG encapsulated beads, TBOS hydrolyzed 26 times faster than T2BOS and rates were ∼4 times higher in suspension than when encapsulated. In biologically active reactors, the co-encapsulated strain ATCC 21198 effectively utilized the SRC hydrolysis products (1- and 2-butanol) and cometabolized repeated additions of a mixture of 1,1,1-TCA, cis-DCE, and 1,4-D for over 300 days. The transformation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Vinyl chloride (VC) and 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) were also transformed in the reactors after 250 days. In the long-term treatment, the batch reactors with co-encapsulated T2BOS GG beads achieved similar transformation rates, but at much lower O2 consumption rates than those with TBOS. The results demonstrate that the co-encapsulation technology can be a passive method for the cometabolic treatment of dilute groundwater plumes.
When it all falls down: the relationship between intuitive physics and spatial cognition.

Our intuitive understanding of physical dynamics is crucial in daily life. When we fill a coffee cup, stack items in a refrigerator, or navigate around a slippery patch of ice, we draw on our intuitions about how physical interactions will unfold. What mental machinery underlies our ability to form such inferences? Numerous aspects of cognition must contribute - for example, spatial thinking, temporal prediction, and working memory, to name a few. Is intuitive physics merely the sum of its parts - a collection of these and other related abilities that we apply to physical scenarios as we would to other tasks? Or does physical reasoning rest on something extra - a devoted set of mental resources that takes information from other cognitive systems as inputs? Here, we take a key step in addressing this question by relating individual differences on a physical prediction task to performance on spatial tasks, which may be most likely to account for intuitive physics abilities given the fundamentally spatial nature of physical interactions. To what degree can physical prediction performance be disentangled from spatial thinking? We tested 100 online participants in an “Unstable Towers” task and measures of spatial cognition and working memory. We found a positive relationship between intuitive physics and spatial skills, but there were substantial, reliable individual differences in physical prediction ability that could not be accounted for by spatial measures or working memory. Our findings point toward the separability of intuitive physics from spatial cognition.
Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Marine Ecosystem Restoration

Assessing, implementing and monitoring ecosystem restoration can be a labor intensive process, often short term (< 3 years), and potentially destructive to the habitat. Advances in remote sensing technology are generating rapid, non-destructive methods for siting, executing and monitoring restoration efforts, particularly in fragile marine environments. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS), or drones, are a highly flexible method for accessing and remote sensing ecosystems with on-demand capabilities, greater resolution than sensors from satellites and occupied aircraft, and the ability to cover large areas quickly. With the variety of platforms and payloads available, UASs are providing a suite of tools for conservation practitioners to properly plan marine ecosystem restoration projects and evaluate their success. Both conventional and specialized sensors coupled with image processing techniques can be used to gauge impact to and recovery of entire ecological communities. For example, high-resolution, multispectral imaging allows for discernment of population changes across trophic levels, concurrent with the discrimination of species (including rare) across a landscape, and detection of vegetation stress. Structure from Motion photogrammetric processing provides centimeter-scale three-dimensional models of habitat structure to measure ecologically significant aspects like rugosity and assess their change through time. Water quality around a broad impacted area can be remotely monitored via a number of payloads before and after restoration. Additionally, specially designed payloads can be used to manually disperse seeds or materials for restoration applications without disturbing the habitat. UASs have increasing potential to reduce the costs (both time and money) associated with restoration efforts, making site assessment and long-term, broad-scale monitoring more achievable. Here we present a review of the applications of UASs in marine ecosystem restoration with an overview of the special considerations of using this technology in the marine environment.
My Journey to Leadership

In this chapter, I share 21 lessons learned during my journey from a Bennett College student to academic research 1 faculty. The lessons encourage me to plant seeds early, think outside the box, and invest time and resources to recruit diverse leaders and create and maintain a supportive inclusive environment.
How to Design and Implement TBL

Designing a TBL activity is best accomplished using the principles of backward design. Instructors should first consider situational factors, then design appropriate learning objectives. TBL objectives should be higher order focusing on knowledge application; describing what the learner should be able to do after participating in the TBL exercise. After crafting objectives, instructors should design application activities matched to each objective. Next, readiness assurance questions should be created to ensure learners understand the requisite foundational knowledge to manage the application activities. Finally, pre-class preparation materials should be identified or crafted to support readiness assurance. New TBL modules can often include hidden challenges, so it is best to submit them to peer review by colleagues and piloting by learners. Implementation of TBL requires a strategy for team formation, appropriate orientation, and establishment of a proper incentive structure. A process for appeals and peer evaluation is also recommended.
Truth: The Capacity to Seek, Find, and Be in the Service of Emotional and Relational Truth

The bodily self naturally desires truthful (accurate) emotional and relational meanings to live by. Meanings refer to anything or anyone out there in the lifeworld. Meanings are not only affect-and-value laden; they are also action meanings. Meanings are co-created and co-actualized, for they are always, already having been made by others. Truths, which are always perspectival, and thus partial and never absolute, are meanings that are accurate manifestations of social reality. Becoming mature means refining the accuracy or truthfulness of our (shared) lifeworld meanings (or co-meanings) – what our selves and others that we care about mean to us. Ultimately, truthful selving, ethical selving, and aesthetic selving unfold together as a unified whole.
Contraceptive use and counseling in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Objectives (1) Describe contraception use in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); (2) characterize the types of contraception used by this population; (3) determine factors affecting the documentation of contraception use; (4) identify if contraception counseling was received in this population at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Study Design This cross-sectional study analyzed data from clinic visits from 2016 - 2018 among 453 women of reproductive age who have SLE. Documentation of contraception use, contraception method, contraception counseling, and other medication use were abstracted from the medical record and analyzed with percentage based statistics, chi-squared test, t-test, and logistic regression. Results Of the 453 women included in the analysis, 71% had a method of contraception documented within 2 years of the study period. Only 37% were using highly effective contraception. 78% had documentation of contraception counseling. Half (50%) were using teratogenic medications; patients on teratogenic medications had higher odds of having a contraceptive method documented (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04 - 2.36) however 24% did not have any contraception documented. 28% of patients were using contraception for which they had a possible or absolute contraindication. Conclusions Given a substantial proportion of women with SLE did not have any contraception or contraceptive counseling documented, these findings suggest the need to improve universal reproductive health counseling in patients with SLE. Implications There is room to improve reproductive health care in patients with SLE through provider training to help optimize pregnancy outcomes in this high-risk population.
Visual Appropriation Art, Transformativeness, and Fungibility

As an intentionally flexible doctrine, fair use in copyright has a long history of ambiguity and criticism. While courts have developed various standards and considerations to give fair use some shape, key decisions have generally done so in the context of textual material. Likewise, the examples in Judge Leval’s seminal work on fair use involve textual material. His argument to assess the first fair use factor based on transformativeness has won the day. But in contrast to the textual examples, interpreting the meaning and transformation of visual works is rife with danger. Recent appropriation art cases exemplify this danger and demonstrate a significant unbalancing of fair use. Specifically, as they have evolved, appropriation art cases strongly weigh in favor of finding fair use. These cases suggest that transformativeness is improperly used as a nearly dispositive determination, often minimizing the other fair use factors. Second, courts are evaluating the expression, meaning, or message of both visual works when such a determination is inherently even more problematic than interpreting written text, as reinforced by current principles of interpreting contemporary visual art. Further, the latitude created by visual art interpretation opens the door for other, potentially less appropriate factors to influence the transformativeness assessment. Finally, transformativeness itself is only one facet of the first fair use factor and should be balanced by considering the purpose of the original work’s material for the secondary artist. In many ways, the evolution of these appropriation art cases is the canary in the coalmine—they warn of the potential for overly expansive fair use application across the creative arts spectrum. An unbalancing of fair use undermines the value of copyright rights and could therefore undermine the creation of new creative works. While maintaining flexibility is important, this Article proposes some methods to rebalance fair use in order to appropriately encourage visual art creativity by both copyright holders and those that should be able to claim fair use.
A pedagogia performativa na cultura digital

Hermeneutic reflection problematizes a performance pedagogy as a learning, procedural and realizing saber of the subject's, revealed in the attitude of giving meaning to the digital world. If technologies interfere directly in the performative language and in all dimensions of human activity, because they carry socio-cultural representations and beliefs. It is about showing that architectural of humanity is inseparable from expressive and technical gestures, from the intersubjective relationship and from communicative experiences. It is necessary to experience the digital culture in performing knowledge work with the other, to face the hypercomplex reality.
Sending Secrets Swiftly: Approximation Algorithms for Generalized Multicast Problems

We consider natural generalizations of the minimum broadcast time problem under the telephone model, where a rumor from a root node must be sent via phone calls to the whole graph in the minimum number of rounds; the telephone model implies that the set of edges involved in communicating in a round form a matching. The extensions we consider involve generalizing the number of calls that a vertex may participate in (the capacitated version), allowing conference calls (the hyperedge version) as well as a new multicommodity version we introduce where the rumors are no longer from a single node but from different sources and intended for specific destinations (the multicommodity version). Based on the ideas from [6,7], we present a very simple greedy algorithm for the basic multicast problem with logarithmic performance guarantee and adapt it to the extensions to design typically polylogarithmic approximation algorithms. For the multi-commodity version, we give the first approximation algorithm with performance ratio \(2^{ O\left(\log\log k \sqrt{\log k}\right)}\) for k source-sink pairs. We provide nearly matching lower bounds for the hypercasting problem. For the multicommodity multicasting problem, we present improved guarantees for other variants involving asymmetric capacities, small number of terminals and with larger additive guarantees.
Hierarchical Spanning Tree-Structured Approximation for Conditional Random Fields: An Empirical Study

We present a learning algorithm to construct a discriminative Conditional Random Fields cascade model. We decompose the original grid-structured graph model using a set of spanning trees which are learned and added into the cascade architecture iteratively one after another. A spanning tree at each cascade layer takes both outputs from the previous layer nodes as well as the observed variables, which are processed by all the layers. The structure of spanning trees is generated uniformly at random among all spanning trees of the original graph. The result of the learning is the number of cascade layers, the structure of the generated spanning trees, and the set of optimized parameters corresponding to the spanning trees. We performed the experimental validation on synthetic and real-world imagery datasets and demonstrated better performance of the cascade tree-based model over the original grid-structured CRF model with loopy belief propagation inference.
Electronic structure of BaCu2As2 and SrCu2As2: sp-band metals

The electronic structures of ${\text{ThCr}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{2}$ structure ${\text{BaCu}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ and ${\text{SrCu}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ are investigated using density-functional calculations. The $\text{Cu}\text{ }d$ orbitals are located at 3 eV and higher binding energy and are therefore chemically inert with little contribution near the Fermi energy. These materials are moderate density of states, $sp$-band metals with large Fermi surfaces and low anisotropy.
RELATIONSHIP OF RAT LIVER CATHEPSINS TO AUTOLYTIC DEGRADATION OF PROTEINS OF THE LIVER CELL NUCLEUS DURING ISOLATION. INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF THE CATHEPSINS.

Abstract The distribution and some properties of the liver cell cathepsins have been studied. Cathepsins A, B and C as well as another type of protease were demonstrated in nuclei and the mitochondrial fraction of liver cells, and saline and HCl extracts of all types of aqueous as well as non-aqueous preparations of nuclei that were investigated showed high degrees of proteolytic activity. This makes the characterization of protein fractions isolated from the nuclei somewhat hazardous, owing to the difficulty of avoiding enzymatic degradation during fractionation procedures. NaCl and HCl extracts from Behrens' type nuclei showed even higher proteolytic activity than corresponding extracts of nuclei isolated at pH 5.8 in aqueous media. This finding constitutes some evidence for the natural occurrence of cathepsins within the nucleus of the living cell.
Effects of maternal glucose loading upon induced fetal distress.

Abstract 1.1. The effect of maternal glucose administration upon the normal and stressed fetal heart has been studied. 2.2. Twenty-five grams of glucose administered to the mother, both at the beginning and at 45 minutes in the experimental period, was effective in maintaining an elevated maternal blood glucose level. 3.3. Changes in maternal blood pressure and fetal tissue oxygen "tension" were comparable in both glucose treated and untreated animals when Neosynephrine was administered to the mother. 4.4. In the normal treated fetus, bradycardia was absent following the maternal administration of 0.9 to 24.0 gamma per kilogram of Neosynephrine. In contrast, tachycardia of 5 beats per minute was produced with 1.5 to 3.0 gamma per kilogram of Neosynephrine in the stressed fetus. 5.5. The administration of from 3.0 to 24.0 gamma per kilogram of Neosynephrine produced only moderate bradycardia in the stressed and treated fetus. 6.6. It was concluded that maternal glucose loading results in a significant increase in placental glucose transport and can prevent the marked bradycardia which is characteristic of severe fetal hypoxia.
Secondary contact between Lycaeides idas and L. melissa in the Rocky Mountains: extensive admixture and a patchy hybrid zone

Studies of hybridization have increased our understanding of the nature of species boundaries, the process of speciation, and the effects of hybridization on the evolution of populations and species. In the present study we use genetic and morphological data to determine the outcome and consequences of secondary contact and hybridization between the butterfly species Lycaeides idas and L. melissa in the Rocky Mountains. Admixture proportions estimated from structure and geographical cline analysis indicate L. idas and L. melissa have hybridized extensively in the Rocky Mountains and that reproductive isolation was insufficient to prevent introgression for much of the genome. Geographical patterns of admixture suggest that hybridization between L. idas and L. melissa has led to the formation of a hybrid zone. The hybrid zone is relatively wide, given estimates of dispersal for Lycaeides butterflies, and does not show strong evidence of cline concordance among characters. We believe the structure of the Lycaeides hybrid zone might be best explained by the patchy distribution of Lycaeides, local extinction and colonization of habitat patches, environmental variation and weak overall selection against hybrids. We found no evidence that hybridization in the Rocky Mountains has resulted in the formation of independent hybrid species, in contrast to the outcome of hybridization between L. idas and L. melissa in the Sierra Nevada. Finally, our results suggest that differences in male morphology between L. idas and L. melissa might contribute to isolation, or perhaps even that selection has favoured the spread of L. melissa male genitalia alleles.