cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute to chronic postoperative pain in children: preliminary findings.

Abstract Background/purpose Chronic postoperative pain is a well-established clinical phenomenon that is associated with adverse outcomes. The incidence of this clinical phenomenon in children, however, is not well established. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of chronic pain in children after surgery. Methods Following a screening process, a total of 113 children and their parents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data regarding persistence and characteristics of pain after surgery were obtained. Results Approximately 13% of the children, most of whom underwent orthopedic procedures, reported the existence of symptoms of chronic postoperative pain. Most of the children indicated that the pain started immediately after surgery, was localized to the surgery site, and was intermittent. Children reported a median duration of pain of 4.1 months, and approximately half of the children experienced pain most days of the week. Up to 30% of the children reported interference of pain in functioning in areas such as extracurricular activities and sleep. Discussion Given the large number of children at risk for experiencing chronic postoperative pain, preventative efforts are necessary. Large-scale cohort prospective studies are needed to confirm the results of this cross-sectional study.
Viral Transduction of Cocaine Hydrolase in Brain Reward Centers

1. Site-directed mutagenesis of human plasma butyrylcholinesterase has led to novel hydrolases that rapidly destroy cocaine. We are investigating whether viral gene transfer of such enzymes might reduce addiction liability by blocking cocaine from its sites of action. 2. As groundwork for a possible gene therapy, we previously studied adenoviral transduction of cocaine hydrolases in the rat. Systemically injected vectors raised plasma cocaine hydrolase activity greatly, reduced pressor responses to cocaine, and lowered cocaine's tissue burden. 3. In the present study, to reduce cocaine's brain access still further, vectors were injected directly into the nucleus accumbens. Six days later, medium sized neurons gained dramatic butyrylcholinesterase activity. Species-selective immunohistochemistry proved that the transgene accounted for this activity. 4. Since the transgene product is so efficient with cocaine as a substrate, it is now reasonable to begin testing gene therapy in rodent models of cocaine addiction.
How the race relation act came to New England

•This type of race relations legislation defeats its own purpose because you cannot legislate Christian virtues. •This is a moral issue and has no place in this body. •If this is such a bad place, why don't these people go some place else? •Why should we take these freedoms away from the majority groups and hand them over to the minority groups? •We want to go back to our old way of living on our individual rights. •I do not see any way we can force people to do things they don't want to do. •We are taught from infancy that majority rules. •Don't you think this bill creates prejudice where there is none?
Psychophysical basis for maximum pushing and pulling forces: A review and recommendations

The objective of this paper was to perform a comprehensive review of psychophysically determined maximum acceptable pushing and pulling forces. Factors affecting pushing and pulling forces are identified and discussed. Recent studies show a significant decrease (compared to previous studies) in maximum acceptable forces for males but not for females when pushing and pulling on a treadmill. A comparison of pushing and pulling forces measured using a high inertia cart with those measured on a treadmill shows that the pushing and pulling forces using high inertia cart are higher for males but are about the same for females. It is concluded that the recommendations of Snook and Ciriello (1991) for pushing and pulling forces are still valid and provide reasonable recommendations for ergonomics practitioners. Regression equations as a function of handle height, frequency of exertion and pushing/pulling distance are provided to estimate maximum initial and sustained forces for pushing and pulling acceptable to 75% male and female workers. At present it is not clear whether pushing or pulling should be favored. Similarly, it is not clear what handle heights would be optimal for pushing and pulling. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine relationships between psychophysically determined maximum acceptable pushing and pulling forces and risk of musculoskeletal injuries, in particular to low back and shoulders.
Primary epidural lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thoracic spine – presentation of a rare disease variant

Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma is the rarest form of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, accounting for < 1% of all cases. Patients often have advanced-stage disease at the time of presentation with an aggressive clinical course. Even more uncommon is primary extranodal disease and rarely it will be presenting with spinal cord compression. An 88-year-old Caucasian female presented with a history of upper back pain for several months and new onset bilateral leg numbness and weakness. MRI of the spine showed a dorsal epidural lesion with cord compression at T1-T4 with involvement of the paraspinal muscles. The patient received urgent surgical decompression, with final histopathology showing a lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Systemic work-up did not show evidence of nodal disease. Following surgery, she received a course of radiotherapy with good outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as epidural spinal cord compression. Our report, in conjunction with a review of the literature, suggests that surgical intervention is clearly indicated in de novo disease followed by radiotherapy.
Microelectronic design cooperative education program

We describe our experiences in using microelectronic design projects as cooperative education experiences for electrical engineering majors. We discuss funding of the necessary VLSI design laboratory and describe our course offerings. We believe our "alternative co-op" program is of value to VLSI educators with limited resources who are looking for ways to provide students with an alternative to the traditional co-op experience.
A tale of two pigments.

Recent discoveries on photoreceptors for both red and blue light compel a reexamination of certain older work, including some of my own. New data from molecular biology have removed the uncertainty in the interpretation of absorption and action spectra to define pigment systems active in
Radial liquid velocity distribution in an external-loop airlift column with a tapered riser

Radial and axial liquid velocity distributions in the tapered riser were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The liquid velocity distributions were computed by solving the Navier-Stokes equation numerically based on a modified mixing-length theory. Both radial and axial components of liquid velocity were taken into account. As a result, we found that the radial velocity component was much smaller than the axial velocity component. For a cylindrical column, which means no tapered section, a simplified solution was obtained. The simplified solution was found to agree well with the rigorous numerical solution even in the tapered riser. To confirm the validity of the present hydrodynamic model, the velocity distributions in the tapered riser were measured by an electric probe method using KCl solution as a tracer. The measured velocity distributions agreed with the computed ones, except in the vicinity of the bottom of the tapered riser at high gas flow rates. On a etudie de manieare theorique et experimentale les distributions de vitesse radiale et axiale du liquide dans une colonne montante conique. Les distributions de vitesse du liquide ont ete calculees par ordinateur en resolvant numeriquement l'equation de Navier-Stokes d'apreas une theorie de longueur de melange modifiee. Les deux composantes radiale et axiale de la vitesse du liquide ont ete prises en consideration. Comme consequence, nous avons trouve que la composante de vitesse radiale etait beaucoup plus petite que la composante de vitesse axiale. Pour une colonne cylindrique, c'est-a-dire sans section conique, on a obtenu une solution simplifiee. On a trouve que cette solution simplifiee concordait bien avec la solution numerique rigoureuse měme dans la colonne montante conique. Afin de confirmer la validite du present modeale hydrodynamique, les distributions de vitesse dans la colonne montante conique ont ete mesurees au moyen d'une sonde electrique et d'une solution de KO comme traceur. Les distributions de vitesse mesurees concordent avec les distributions calculees par ordinateur, excepte dans le voisinage du fond de la colonne montante conique a de forts debits de gaz.
Toward an integrated politics of social justice and environment: African American leaders in Seattle

During the last decade, communities of color have mobilized to address environmental problems. Their engagement with the environment has given impetus to an environmental justice movement that has framed environmental inequities as another instance of social injustice and institutionalized racism. The present study outlines the elements of this environmental justice frame and examines its resonance through a set of interviews with 26 African American community leaders in Seattle. Interviewees’ perceptions were largely consistent with the frame: Most defined environment broadly, believed that people are entitled to clean and healthy environments, and believed that people of color are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards. They differed with regard to the salience of environmental issues and strategies for addressing environmental inequities.
Rotational orientation of monomers within a designed homo-oligomer transmembrane helical bundle

A peptide designed to form a homo-oligomeric transmembrane helical bundle was reconstituted into lipid bilayers and studied by using 2H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) with magic angle spinning to confirm that the helical interface corresponds to the interface intended in the design. The peptide belongs to a family of model peptides derived from a membrane-solubilized version of the water-soluble coiled-coil GCN4-P1. The variant studied here contains two asparagines thought to engage in interhelical hydrogen bonding critical to the formation of a stable trimer. For the NMR studies, three different peptides were synthesized, each with one of three consecutive leucines in the transmembrane region deuterium labeled. Prior to NMR data collection, polarized infrared spectroscopy was used to establish that the peptides were reconstituted in lipid bilayers in a transmembrane helical conformation. The 2H NMR line shapes of the three different peptides are consistent with a trimer structure formed by the designed peptide that is stabilized by inter-helical hydrogen bonding of asparagines at positions 7 and 14.
Eusebius as Political Theologian: The Legend Continues

It was Franz Overbeck who, in his attack on Harnack, referred to Eusebius's work as “[that] of a hairdresser for the emperor's theological periwig,” and the eminent historian Jacob Burckhardt who declared Eusebius to be “the most objectionable of all eulogists” and “first thoroughly dishonest historian of antiquity.” The summary judgment of such luminaries has aided the tendency to write off the bishop of Caesarea as a hopeless ideologue. In recent decades, a shift has been underway to recalibrate the picture we have of Eusebius, with robust scholarship arguing in support of his work as an historian and biblical scholar. The aim has been in part to distance Eusebius from Constantine, a proximity that is the source of much of the modern consternation with the bishop, given modernity's own genealogical unease with the relation between religion and politics. Whatever Eusebius's actual relations with the emperor, however, his rhetoric of apparently unequivocal exaltation of Constantine endures. Yet this, too, requires reassessment.
Cavity QED with a continuous cold atom Rb source

We study field fluctuations from an N atom cavity QED system with low N and have developed a cold Rb beam to lengthen the interaction time of the atoms.
Kinetic modeling of folate metabolism through use of chronic administration of deuterium-labeled folic acid in men

This study was conducted as an initial investigation of in vivo folate kinetics in healthy men (n = 4) and made use of a chronic-administration protocol with stable-isotope labeling. Subjects were given 0.453 mumol (200 micrograms) total folic acid in aqueous solution daily throughout the 18-wk study while they consumed self-selected folate-adequate diets. After a 2-wk pretrial period with unlabeled folic acid, subjects were given 0.227 mumol (100 micrograms) pteroyl-L-[2H4]glutamic acid/d ([2H4]folic acid) combined with 0.227 mumol nonlabeled folic acid or [2H2]pteroylhexaglutamic acid/d for the next 8 wk; then for the next 8 wk the [2H4]folic acid was withdrawn and the subjects received only nonlabeled folic acid. Little unmetabolized folic acid was excreted in urine. Isotopic enrichment of urinary folate during [2H4]folic acid administration and withdrawal was consistent with a kinetic model having a rapid turnover pool and a slow turnover pool. In contrast with previous two-pool models, provisions were made for folate turnover by urinary folate excretion (as measured here) and by fecal excretion and catabolic processes. The precision of modeling will be improved in future studies by measurement of enrichment of additional pools. However, this study shows clearly the slow turnover of the whole-body folate pool (< or = 1% per day) and the feasibility of further long-term kinetic analysis.
The Changing Software Business: Moving from Products to Services

The dramatic changes in the software business over the past few years have important implications for both users and producers of software products and services. Traditional product sales and license fees have declined, and product company revenues have shifted to services such as annual maintenance payments that entitle users to patches, minor upgrades, and often technical support. A dramatic shift is under way in the enterprise-software industry as established vendors embrace services in the wake of declining product revenues. It remains to be seen whether life-cycle dynamics or business-model choices are behind the long-term trend.
Contributions to the history of psychology: XXXV. Dorothy Burlingham.

-Almost nothing is known about Manhattan-born Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham, designated by Sigmund Freud as one of his original trusted pioneers, a united small body to guard the kingdom and the policy of the Master. She was instrumental in helping the Freuds leave Austria after the Nazi takeover in 1938. In addition, had it not been for Dorothy Burlingham, psychology might have never known Erik Erikson.
Soft glass spiral PCF with flat anomalous dispersion at 1064nm and γ≫2000 W −1 km −1 at 1550nm

A soft-glass spiral PCF design is analysed using the FEM approach showing γ ≫2000 W−1km−1 at 1550nm and 4000 W−1km−1 (1064nm). The design exhibits low, flat anomalous dispersion (∼15 ps/nm.km and dispersion slope∼0.25ps/nm2.km) at 1064nm.
Recent colonization and radiation of North American Lycaeides (Plebejus) inferred from mtDNA

North American Lycaeides populations exhibit remarkable variation in ecological, morphological, and behavioral characters, as well as an established history of introgressive hybridization. We examined mitochondrial DNA variation from 55 Eurasian and North American Lycaeides populations using molecular phylogenetics and coalescent-based methods in order to clarify the evolutionary and demographic history of this polytypic group. Specifically we addressed the following questions: (1) Do mitochondrial alleles sampled from North America form a monophyletic group, which would be expected if North American Lycaeides were descended from a single Eurasian ancestor? (2) When did Lycaeides colonize North America? and (3) What is the demographic history of North American Lycaeides since their colonization? Bayesian maximum likelihood methods identified three major mitochondrial lineages for Lycaeides; each lineage contained haplotypes sampled from both Eurasia and North America. This suggests a complex colonization history for Lycaeides, which likely involved multiple founding lineages. Coalescent-based analyses placed the colonization of North America by Eurasian Lycaeides sometime during or after the late Pliocene. This was followed by a sudden increase in population size of more than an order of magnitude for the North American population of Lycaeides approximately 100,000-150,000 years before the present. These mitochondrial data, in conjunction with data from previous ecological, morphological, and behavioral studies, suggest that the diversity observed in Lycaeides in North America is the result of a recent evolutionary radiation, which may have been facilitated, in part, by hybridization.
Hagen Koo, Korean Workers: The Culture and Politics of Class Formation. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001. xii + 240 pp. $45.00 cloth; $17.95 paper; Soon-Won Park, Colonial Industrialization and Labor in Korea: The Onoda Cement Factory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 1999. xiv + 223 pp. $44.95 cloth.

Hagen Koo's recent book is the most comprehensive study on the Korean working class from the 1960s to the 1990s available in the English language. This study is a laudable attempt in the right direction towards balancing the overabundance of studies on economic development that focus on the role of the state generally to the detriment of the history of labor.
“One Hundred Fifty-Three Large Fish” (John 21:11)

The theory that this number reflects the number of kinds of fish recognized in antiquity comes from Jerome, Comm. xiv in Ezechiel (Migne, PL 25, 474C). He says, “Writers on the nature and properties of animals, who have learned ‘fishing’ in either Latin or Greek (one of whom is the most learned poet Oppianus Cilix), say there are one hundred fifty-three species of fish.” It was customary in antiquity — and the practice has not come to an end — to generalize from single instances, and we shall not be far from the mark if we suspect that Jerome's only source for this statement is his understanding of Oppian. Jerome knew the work of Pliny on natural history, and Pliny (N. H. ix. 43) states that there are seventy-four species of fish, in addition to thirty varieties of Crustacea.
Accounting Systems in Small and Micro Enterprises in Kenya

For a long time in Kenya, the practices and principles of accounting have been viewed to be for use by corporate and other formally structured organizations. This paper seeks to investigate what accounting means to small and micro traders in Kenya, by reviewing the practices and principles they use in running their businesses. Indeed, little attention has been paid to accounting systems in small and micro enterprises in Kenya and the extent of their conformity to International Financial Reporting Standards. It also seeks to investigate the reasons why some small trade enterprises succeed while some close shop. An analysis of how small traders in Kenya keep business records, whether these records are in written form or are held in the memory of the trader, will inform the reasons behind the success of small trading in Kenya. It will also explain the extent to which accounting principles as outlined in the International Financial Reporting Standards are relevant to the small and micro enterprise. Informal interviews with small traders in Nairobi, Nakuru and Kisumu were used to gather qualitative data. Some of the factors to be considered in the interviews were age of the trader, level of education and gender among others. Key words: SME, accounting, informal.
Creep During Sintering of Porous Compacts

Creep during sintering of CdO powder compacts was studied in a loading dilatometer by applying a small, transient, uniaxial load to the compacts. After the load was removed, the axial shrinkage rate was lower, but the radial shrinkage rate was actually higher than that of a compact sintered under no load. This reduction in the axial shrinkage rate is more pronounced for longer transient loading times. The results provide further support for a mechanism of simultaneous creep and densification in which creep at constant volume occurs by diffusion-controlled grain-boundary sliding.
Approximate minimum bit-error rate equalization for pulse-amplitude and quadrature-amplitude modulation

We propose the approximate minimum-bit-error-rate (AMBER) algorithm for adapting the coefficients of a linear equalizer with pulse-amplitude and quadrature-amplitude modulation. While less complex than the least-mean-square algorithm, AMBER very nearly minimizes error probability in white Gaussian noise, and can significantly outperform the minimum-mean-squared-error equalizer when the number of equalizer coefficients is small relative to the severity of the intersymbol interference.
Multiple hypothesis tests For robust radar target recognition

In radar automatic target recognition (ATR), an input that does not originate from one of the known training classes may be forcibly declared as one, thereby reducing system reliability. Furthermore, the feature space may contain ambiguous regions wherein declaration for a single class is not possible. In this paper, classification is viewed as a multiple hypothesis problem facilitating the rejection of inputs from classes that were absent from the training data, or that originated from ambiguous regions of the feature space, alongside the traditional declarations for the trained classes. Use of the bootstrap, to estimate the p-values used in the multiple hypothesis tests, is advocated during implementation to prevent the need for assumptions on the underlying statistical characteristics of the data. Experimental through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) data are used to validate the proposed techniques, and the proposed classifier is deemed more reliable than a conventional minimum distance (MD) classifier due to its ability to reject data that cannot be correctly classified. High rates of correct-classification are still obtained for valid input data.
Barriers To Online Postsecondary Education Crumble: Enrollment In Traditional Face- To-Face Courses Declines As Enrollment In Online Courses Increases

Contrary to expectations, total postsecondary enrollment in the United States (US) declined in Fall 2011. In fact, it continues to decline while online enrollment continues to increase. Students can more easily cross geographic boundaries as online access causes barriers to postsecondary education to crumble, and more than 50% of the demand for online learning is currently met by non–US providers. Therefore, a major opportunity exists for US educational institutions to grow enrollment by effectively meeting demand for online postsecondary learners globally.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Glu-242 in Cytochrome c Oxidase

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of conformational changes and protonation of Glu-242, a key residue that shuttles protons in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), are reported. Previous studies suggest that this residue may play a role of the valve of the enzyme proton pump. Here we examine how sensitive the results of simulations are to the computational method used. We applied both molecular mechanic (MM) and hybrid quantum mechanic:molecular mechanic (QM:MM) methods and find that the results are qualitatively different. The results indicate that the mechanism for proton gating in CcO is still an open issue.
Metaphor across Time and Conceptual Space: The interplay of embodiment and cultural models

Contemporary linguistic forms are partially the product of their historical antecedents, and the same is true for cognitive conceptualization. The book presents the results of several diachronic corpus studies of conceptual metaphor in a longitudinal and empirical “mixed methods” design, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis measures; the study design was informed by usage-based theory. The goal was to investigate the interaction over time between conceptualization and cultural models in historical English-speaking society. The main study of two linguistic metaphors of anger spans five centuries (A.D. 1500 to 1990). The results show that conceptualization and cultural models—understood as non-autonomous, encyclopedic knowledge—work together to determine both the meaning and use of a linguistic metaphor. In addition, historically a wide variety of emotion concepts formed a complex cognitive array called the Domain Matrix of emotion. The implications for conceptual metaphor theory, research methodology, and future study are discussed in detail.
Prophylactic efficacy of cinoxacin in recurrent urinary tract infection: biologic effects on the vaginal and fecal flora.

AbstractWe studied 30 women with a history of at least 3 documented urinary tract infections within the previous year who were treated with 500mg. Cinoxacin or a placebo nightly for 6 months. Of the 17 patients on Cinoxacin therapy 12 remained abacteriuric for 6 months and 2 remained abacteriuric for 1 and 5 months, respectively, but were withdrawn from the study because an allergic skin rash developed. In 3 patients recurrent urinary tract infections developed within 2 months with strains resistant to Cinoxacin. Of the 13 patients in the placebo group 9 remained abacteriuric for 6 months and recurrent urinary tract infections developed in 4 within 3 months. After Cinoxacin therapy recurrent infections occurred in 10 of 17 patients compared to 5 of 13 for placebo. The incidence of infection in the group treated with Cinoxacin was not significantly different from the incidence in the placebo group. During Cinoxacin treatment 32.2 per cent of monthly vaginal and 62.2 per cent of monthly fecal cultures yield...
Effects of melatonin on seasonal changes in reproduction of rams

Three studies were conducted to determine the effects of exogenous melatonin (M) on changes in scrotal circumference (SC), fertility and reproductive hormone concentrations of rams. Rams were initially housed in barns with controlled photoperiod and given 16 wk of long (16L:8D) or short (8L:16D) days. In Studies I and II, implants of M were given for 40 to 80 d beginning at maximal SC. Results showed that implanted rams had greater (P less than .05) blood M concentrations than nonimplanted controls. However, M did not prevent testicular regression. In Study III, M was given to rams after testicular regression had occurred. Rams were implanted with M weekly for 6 or 4 wk, followed by a withdrawal period of 4 wk (6:4, 4:4 respectively). Results showed that M (6:4) stimulated (P less than .05) testicular growth compared with nonimplanted controls. Treatment of rams with M for 8 mo did not affect LHRH-induced LH release (P greater than .05), but it reduced basal and LHRH-induced testosterone release (P less than .05). Reproductive performance of rams in Studies I and III was compared with that of nonimplanted rams. Fertility of M-treated rams in the spring from Studies I and III (86% to 91%) was similar to that in autumn (93%). Fertility of rams from Studies I and III exceeded (P less than .05) that of nonimplanted rams in April (59% to 62%). Net lamb production from ewes mated in the spring was greater if rams were treated with M and(or) photoperiod.
Towards prediction of the fatigue life of Ni microbeams under extreme stress gradients

Abstract This work investigated the effect of two extreme normalized stress gradients ( η = 17 % vs. 36% μm −1 ) on the fully-reversed bending fatigue behavior (fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation curves) of 20- μ m-thick, electroplated Ni microbeams, in humid air environments. The results highlight the significant challenge in predicting the bending fatigue life of microbeams subjected to extreme stress gradients, which was measured to be three order of magnitudes larger for η = 36 % μ m − 1 at a stress amplitude of ∼450 MPa. The fatigue life is dominated by the ultraslow growth of microstructurally small cracks, which is a strong function of the normalized stress gradient. For η = 17 % μ m − 1 , the crack growth rates are initially about one order of magnitude larger than for η = 36 % μ m − 1 and, in contrast to the larger stress gradient microbeams, do not decrease with increasing crack size. This singular behavior results in low Basquin and Coffin–Manson exponents (in absolute value) compared to η = 0. As a result, the fatigue endurance limit increases from 35% to 50% of the tensile strength for η increasing from 17% to 36% μm −1 , compared to 30% in the absence of stress gradients. The environmental effects are also discussed.
Delayed Vasogenic Edema Following Irradiation of the Monkey Brain

Four to five months after exposure of the right occipital lobe of the Macaca mulatta to 3500 rad or orthovoltage irradiation, in a single dose, there is a proliferative and degenerative lesion accompanied by a massive break in the blood-brain barrier. The resulting vasogenic edema causes rather abrupt, gross swelling in the ipsilateral hemisphere, compression of the contralateral hemisphere, with ventricular dilation, and distortion of midline structures, that may result in herniation through the incisura and foramen magnum. The regional cerebral blood flow, determined by [14C] antipyrine method at successive stages in the development and resolution of the delayed brain swelling shows a reduction of blood flow in white and gray matter, first regionally, then throughout the ipsilateral hemisphere and finally, throughout the brain. This is accompanied by an increase in CSF pressure, CSF lactic dehydrogenase and total protein, and clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure. With resolution of CSF pressure, there is a return to baseline of CSF chemistry and partial resolution of the other parameters. The cerebral blood flow shows a greater recovery in gray than white matter, but there remains a diffuse depression suggesting a long-term impairment in cellular metabolism and/or blood flow regulatory mechanisms. Six months after exposure of the whole brain to 6000 rad of supervoltage radiation, in a fractionated dose over six weeks, there are multiple small areas of necrosis scattered throughout the forebrain white matter, with a few in midline nuclear masses and the brain stem. When examined, the individual lesions are found to be in different stages of breakdown and repair, with focal areas of edema accompanying the former. The location of the lesions determines the presence or absence of focal neurologic signs. In the aggregate they may cause diffuse brain swelling, reflected by papilledema. From six to twelve months there is a recession in numbers of fresh necrotic lesions, but adequate repair seldom if ever occurs.
Growth Factor Dose Tuning for Bone Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation on Resorbable Poly(propylene fumarate) Scaffolds

One approach to the development of an artificial graft material could rely on uniform coverage of a resorbable biomaterial with bone extracellular matrix (ECM). To achieve this on the surface of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) scaffolds, we selected a growth factor regime of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) (5 ng/mL), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) (40 ng/mL), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) (20 ng/mL) to stimulate proliferation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 (50 ng/mL), 6 (50 ng/mL), and 7 (27 ng/mL) in the presence of the following osteogenic substances: dexamethasone (10−7 M), β-glycerophosphate (10 mM), and ascorbic acid (50 μg/mL) were chosen to induce differentiation of BM-hMSCs into ECM-secreting osteoblasts. These growth factors were also studied at 10× concentration to determine dose effect. Proliferation was analyzed by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, scanning electron m...
Sensemaking and Storytelling: Network Security Strategies for Collaborative Groups

Networked organizations must grapple with a constant trade-off between ease of workflow for their employees, and devoting time and resources to computer security. In a group of collaborators whose workflows can differ substantially, creating broad and cohesive awareness around security can be difficult, especially for spaces like news institutions, where continuous collaboration must be carried out under continuous threat of cyberattack. Using a sensemaking framework, we analyzed interviews with two levels of organizational actors, lower-level reporters and higher-level supervising editors. Fragmented sensemaking, in which individuals maintain their own discrete and disconnected approaches to the complex situation of computer security, was pervasive. Storytelling as a sensemaking strategy, however, was found in both levels. In particular, while personal stories were shared by all partici-pants, higher-level editors on average shared more second-hand narratives they'd heard about other organizations.Noting that editors described how such second-hand stories shaped their security decisions, we conclude with recommendations for integrating storytelling methods into robust training modules for computer security in collaborative working environments.
Sexual willingness with same- and other-sex prospective partners: Experimental evidence from the bar scene

Sex is ubiquitous in the media, but only a fraction depicts sexual interactions between same-sex partners. This field study, conducted outside of bars in the Midwestern United States, examined 83 heterosexuals' sexual willingness with a same- or other-sex partner. Participants viewed a randomly assigned video vignette of a same- or other-sex partner. Alcohol intake, partner attractiveness, and sexual willingness were measured. Using moderated regression analysis, we found that alcohol intake predicted sexual willingness with the male target for both men and women, but not with the female target. The attractiveness of same-sex partners was related to sexual willingness. Sexual willingness was only influenced by alcohol intake and perceived attractiveness of a same-sex prospective partner. Most notably, alcohol intake was related to increased sexual willingness of men with a same-sex partner, suggesting a potential shift in normative casual sexual behavior among heterosexual men.
A map for successful CCNE accreditation.

• Every nursing program works hard to achieve a successful accreditation. The major purpose of CCNE accreditation is to ensure quality in baccalaureate and graduate educational programs through assessment of the nursing program's mission, goals, and expected outcomes.
Machine Learning for Data Management: Problems and Solutions

Machine learning has made great strides in recent years, and its applications are spreading rapidly. Unfortunately, the standard machine learning formulation does not match well with data management problems. For example, most learning algorithms assume that the data is contained in a single table, and consists of i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) samples. This leads to a proliferation of ad hoc solutions, slow development, and suboptimal results. Fortunately, a body of machine learning theory and practice is being developed that dispenses with such assumptions, and promises to make machine learning for data management much easier and more effective [1]. In particular, representations like Markov logic, which includes many types of deep networks as special cases, allow us to define very rich probability distributions over non-i.i.d., multi-relational data [2]. Despite their generality, learning the parameters of these models is still a convex optimization problem, allowing for efficient solution. Learning structure-in the case of Markov logic, a set of formulas in first-order logic-is intractable, as in more traditional representations, but can be done effectively using inductive logic programming techniques. Inference is performed using probabilistic generalizations of theorem proving, and takes linear time and space in tractable Markov logic, an object-oriented specialization of Markov logic [3]. These techniques have led to state-of-the-art, principled solutions to problems like entity resolution, schema matching, ontology alignment, and information extraction. Using tractable Markov logic, we have extracted from the Web a probabilistic knowledge base with millions of objects and billions of parameters, which can be queried exactly in subsecond times using an RDBMS backend [3]. With these foundations in place, we expect the pace of machine learning applications in data management to continue to accelerate in coming years.
Practical aspects of high-pressure NMR spectroscopy and its applications in protein biophysics and structural biology

Pressure and temperature are the two fundamental variables of thermodynamics. Temperature and chemical perturbation are central experimental tools for the exploration of macromolecular structure and dynamics. Though it has long been recognized that hydrostatic pressure offers a complementary and often unique view of macromolecular structure, stability and dynamics, it has not been employed nearly as much. For solution NMR applications the limited use of high-pressure is undoubtedly traced to difficulties of employing pressure in the context of modern multinuclear and multidimensional NMR. Limitations in pressure tolerant NMR sample cells have been overcome and enable detailed studies of macromolecular energy landscapes, hydration, dynamics and function. Here we review the practical considerations for studies of biological macromolecules at elevated pressure, with a particular emphasis on applications in protein biophysics and structural biology.
Guerrilla War at UCLA: Political and Legal Dimensions of the Tenure Battle.

Professor Don Nakanishi's three-year fight for tenure is probably best described as "institutional guerrilla warfare"—a classic David and Goliath struggle, pitting an emerging minority community and its allies against a massive institution. This struggle, begun in 1986, took on a life of its own, becoming a virtual movement. In the end, victory brought Asian Pacific Americans to a new understanding of political power. The following discussion begins with a description of the academic context in which Don's case arose, followed by an explanation of the legal alternatives, and ending with an analysis of the legal/political strategy that we adopted.
Stress overload as a red flag for freshman failure and attrition

Abstract Freshman attrition is a major concern for universities, prompting research to identify red flags for academic failure. Stress might be one such signal, but universities have not incorporated it into predictive algorithms. It was hypothesized that “stress overload”, the destructive form of stress described in theories, would (1) predict grades and attrition as well as traditional algorithm variables, and (2) explain minority disparities in grades and attrition. The Stress Overload Scale (SOS) was tested for the first time as a predictor in two studies using different samples from the same cohort of freshmen entering a large public university. The first study (n = 569), conducted during the first semester, showed stress overload to predict term GPA better than most traditional predictors. Also, because SOS means differed and the SOS-GPA correlation was invariant across minority and white students, stress overload partially accounted for grade disparities. A second study (n = 584) in the second semester showed stress overload to remain among the best predictors of term GPA. However, no variable except GPA predicted attrition. Moreover, SOS means were now comparable for minority and white students, and because its association with GPA remained invariant, the SOS could no longer explain grade disparities. Together, results indicated that stress overload is a red flag for poor grades for all freshmen (minority and white) across their first year, but by the second semester, those grades become more proximal predictors of attrition. Possible reasons for these findings, and their implications for using the SOS in predictive algorithms, are discussed.
Multiple Input Multiple Output InVivo Communication for Nano Sensor at Terahertz Frequencies

This study presents a preliminary feasibility investigation of signal propagation and antenna diversity techniques inside the human skin tissues in the frequency range (0.8-1.2)Terahertz (THz) by applying multiple input-single output (MISO) technique. THz application in in-vivo communication has received a great attention for its unique properties as non ionizing characteristics, strong interaction with water content inside the human tissues, and molecular sensitivity [1]. This study helps to evaluate the usage and the performance of MISO system for nanoscale network. The human skin tissue is represented by three main layers: stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis. The path loss model and the channel characterization inside the human skin was investigated in [2]. The diversity gain (DG) for two different in-vivo channels resulting from the signal propagation between two transmitting antennas, located at the dermis layer, and one receiving antenna, located at epidermis layer, is calculated to evaluate the system performance. Different diversity combining techniques are applied in this study: selection combining (SC), equal-gain combing (EGC), and maximum-ratio combining (MRC). In the simulation setting in CST microwave studio, the distance between the transmitting antennas is fixed; while the effect of the distance between the receiver and the transmitters is analyzed at different frequencies. Although MIMO antenna systems are used in wireless communication to enhance data throughput, from the initial study it is predicted that might be it is not useful in in-vivo nano communication. Results demonstrates that there is a high cross correlation between the two channels. Fig. 1 shows the CDF plot for the two channel with different diversity combining techniques used in the study.[1] J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel modeling and capacity analysis for electromagnetic wireless nanonetworks in theterahertz band,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 3211–3221, 2011.[2] Q. H. Abbasi, H. El Sallabi, N. Chopra, K. Yang, K. A. Qaraqe, and A. Alomainy, “Terahertz channel characterizationinside the human skin for nano-scale body-centric networks,” IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol.6, no. 3, pp. 427–434, 2016.
LPS-stimulated NF-κB p65 dynamic response marks the initiation of TNF expression and transition to IL-10 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

During injury and infection, inflammation is a response by macrophages to effect healing and repair. The kinetics of the responses of proinflammatory TNFα, anti-inflammatory IL-10, and inflammatory master regulator NF-κB elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be critical determinants of the inflammatory response by macrophages; however, there is a lack of homogeneous kinetic data in this pathway. To address this gap, we used the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to define intracellular signaling kinetics and cytokine expression in cells treated with LPS for 15 min to 72 h. The abundance of IκBα was maximally reduced 45-min following LPS treatment, but expression increased at 10-h, reaching a maximum at 16 h. NF-κB phosphorylation was significantly increased 45-min following LPS treatment, maximal at 2-h, and decreased to basal levels by 6-h. Nuclear NF-κB expression was elevated 30-min following LPS treatment, maximal by 45-min, and returned to basal levels by 24-h. Binding of nuclear NF-κB to consensus oligonucleotide sequences followed a similar pattern to that observed for p-NF-κB, but lasted slightly longer. Following LPS treatment, TNFα mRNA expression began at 1-h, was maximal at 6-h, and decreased starting at 10-h. TNFα protein secretion in conditioned growth medium began at 4-h and was maximal by 16-h. IL-10 mRNA expression was induced by LPS at 10-h, and was maximal at 16-h. IL-10 protein secretion was induced at 16-h and was maximal at 24-h. Our data reveal the temporal kinetics of pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling events that may be important therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.
Inflammation and Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (ATRH) is highly prevalent and associated with cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. We analyzed the association of inflamma...
Biological Effects of Elevated Major Ions in Surface Water Contaminated by a Produced Water from Oil Production

Produced water (PW) from oil and gas extraction processes has been shown to contain elevated concentrations of major ions. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effects of elevated major ions in PW-contaminated surface water on a fish (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas) and a unionid mussel (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in short-term (7-day) exposures. The test organisms were exposed in 3 reconstituted waters formulated with 1, 2, and 4 times the major ions measured at a PW-contaminated stream site 1 month after a PW spill from an oil production wastewater pipeline in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. A reconstituted water mimicking the ionic composition of an upstream site from the spill was used as a reference water. Significant reductions in survival and growth of the fish were observed in the 4× treatment compared with the reference. The mussels were more sensitive than the fish, with significant reductions in survival in the 2× and 4× treatments, and significant reductions in length in the 1× and 2× treatments. Overall, these results indicate that elevated concentrations of major ions in PW-contaminated surface waters could adversely affect the fish and mussels tested and potentially other aquatic organisms.
2.1 Summit and Sierra: Designing AI/HPC Supercomputers

The Summit and Sierra Supercomputer Systems, deployed in 2018 at the Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories, Oak Ridge (ORNL) and Lawrence Livermore (LLNL), provide a significant increase in computing capability relative to the predecessors, and represent a major step in the path to Exascale computing. Arising from the DOE CORAL program (https://asc.llnl.gov/CORAL/), Summit and Sierra were listed as #1 and #2, respectively, in the November 2018 version of the Top500 list (https://www.top500.org/lists/2018/11/).