cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geophysical Investigations in the Submerged Argentine Coastal Plain

This report describes the results of seismic-refraction measurements conducted on the submerged coastal plain of the Buenos Aires province. Two elongated asymmetrical sediment-filled depressions in the Precambrian basement complex, the Rio Salado basin and Bahia Blanca basin (which includes the Rio Negro basin), were traced seaward. The two basins, separated by the Tandil high, trend approximately southeast. Each is about 150–200 km wide and at least 700 km long. No indication of closure was observed at the seaward end although both basins were traced well beyond the edge of the continental shelf. Four seismic layers overlying the basement were determined in an unconsolidated layer (A), a semi-consolidated layer (B), and two zones in a consolidated layer (C) and (D). These layers are identified as Quaternary and Pliocene-Miocene, Lower Miocene and Upper Cretaceous, Upper Paleozoic, and Lower Paleozoic to a depth of about 8.0 km based on well logs and seismic-refraction data made available by Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales. A sub-basement layer (6.84 km/sec) was measured under the continental rise at an average depth of 10–12 km. The Mohorovicic discontinuity was measured on two profiles at a depth of 26.5 km under the outer portion of the continental shelf. The basement configuration and stratigraphic sequence along several traverses are shown by seismic sections. A 10-km interval basement-contour map of the area shows the outline of the basement as determined by marine seismic data together with the correlation to YPF seismic-refraction measurements on land.
Protonmotive Q cycle pathway of electron transfer and energy transduction in the three-subunit ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex of Paracoccus denitrificans.

Ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome bc1) complex from Paracoccus denitrificans consists of only three polypeptide subunits (Yang, X., and Trumpower, B. L. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12282-12289), whereas the analogous complexes of eukaryotic mitochondria consist of nine or more polypeptides (Schagger, H., Link, T. A., Engel, W. D., and von Jagow, G. (1986) Methods Enzymol. 126, 224-237). Using the purified three-subunit Paracoccus complex we have tested whether this simple cytochrome bc1 complex has the same electron transfer pathway and proton translocation activity as the bc1 complexes of mitochondria. Under presteady state conditions, the effects of inhibitors on reduction of cytochromes b and c1 by quinol and oxidant-induced reduction of cytochrome b indicate a cyclic electron transfer pathway and two routes of cytochrome b reduction in the three-subunit Paracoccus cytochrome bc1 complex. A novel method was developed to incorporate the cytochrome bc1 complex into liposomes with the detergent dodecyl maltoside. The enzyme reconstituted into liposomes translocated protons with an H+/2e value of 3.9. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone eliminated proton translocation, while permitting the scalar release of protons from quinol, and thus reduced the H+/2e ratio to 2. These values agree with the predicted stoichiometries for proton translocation by a protonmotive Q cycle pathway. No inhibition of proton translocation by N′,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was detected when the Paracoccus cytochrome bc1 complex was incubated with N′,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide before or after reconstitution into liposomes. Electron transfer in the three-subunit complex thus appears to occur by a protonmotive Q cycle pathway identical to that in mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complexes. Only three polypeptides, cytochromes b, c1, and the Rieske iron-sulfur protein, are required for respiration and energy transduction in the cytochrome bc1 complex. The function of the supernumerary polypeptides in mitochondrial bc1 complexes is thus unclear.
IT & Mobile Tower Infrastructure Industry Collaboration - Leap towards Green, Smart & Sustainable Future

Purpose Suggesting, how IT and Mobile Tower Infrastructure Industry in India can collaborate to drive the benefits of implementing “Smart” solutions in the three imperatives (enabling new business models; differentiating the customer experience; and improving operating efficiencies) and contribute to sustainable development through analysis of various insightful points, both quantitative and qualitative. Design/Methodology/Approach This report utilizes a variety of research sources in preparing this Report. Key component of the Research analysis includes secondary research and where applicable, all secondary research sources are appropriately cited within this report. These research sources, combined with industry data and expertise, are synthesized into the qualitative and quantitative analysis, as presented in this report. Findings IT Providers can enable the Telecom Tower Industry with “Smart” solutions that can help the companies improve & be sustainable on all the essential ROI Drivers - Revenue, OPEX, CAPEX and Partner management especially in the area of Energy Management and contribute to sustainable development. The optimization of costs can be further supported by transition to renewable energy sources. Research Limitations/Implications The research is primarily based on secondary data combined with Industry data and expertise. Though the finding / recommendation of the research apply to the entire Industry but the impact on individual companies within the industry can vary, basis the maturity in data & business processes. Practical Implications Smarter solutions can be implemented by the companies, basis their individual problem statements, varying from addressing a particular process to new types of business models. We need to ensure that the regulations, policies and other stakeholders encourage & surge ahead towards the larger common goal such that thrust for sustainable development serves as one of the key item. Social Implications Smart Solutions can support Industry to reduce the Carbon Footprint, which stands at 5.63 Million Tonnes exclusively from the burning of Diesel in Tower Infrastructure space in India. This can help Industry to contribute significantly towards “Greener” Environment.
A useful thin-layer chromatography method for the determination of cytidine aminohydrolase activity in serum.

Abstract A thin-layer chromatography method for the determination of serum cytidine aminohydrolase activity is presented. The method utilizes a tungstic acid deproteinization reagent and the use of new precoated thin-layer sheets to facilitate separation of substrates from their metabolite products. The method has been found to be useful in the separation of numerous pyrimidines and related analogs from both serum and aqueous solutions.
Vapor-Deposited Fluorinated Glycidyl Copolymer Thin Films with Low Surface Energy and Improved Mechanical Properties

Copolymer films of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate (DFHA) and with (perfluoroalkyl)ethyl methacrylate (PFEMA) were synthesized using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). By varying the inlet monomer feed ratios during iCVD process, the mole percentage of fluorinated acrylics in the P(GMA-co-DFHA) and P(GMA-co-PFEMA) copolymers was systematically varied between 19% and 65%. Vacuum annealing of the as-deposited copolymer films induced cross linking between epoxy functionalities of the GMA units. Both the hardness and the modulus of the annealed copolymers films were observed to increase with increasing GMA fraction, providing an order of magnitude improvement in these mechanical properties. The dispersive surface energy of the annealed copolymers showed a limited dependence on GMA fraction, with the range of values being 17.5−18.6 mN/m and 9.9−14.7 mN/m for the P(GMA-co-DHFA) and P(GMA-co-PFEMA) films, respectively. These data are as low as or lowe...
Maximizing biodiversity, information and sustainability

Numerous global changes—notably anthropogenic extinction—force reconsideration of our management practices and the ways we regulate human influence in today’s world. Here, I define management to maximize biodiversity and illustrate the science that provides information to set goals for such management. Maximizing biodiversity simultaneously achieves sustainability and systemic health by avoiding the abnormal or pathological. The normal or sustainable are determined through the use of empirical integrative patterns to objectively account for the complexity of systems within which we find ourselves as a species. The science that reveals these integrative patterns provides measures of problems that can be solved by maximizing biodiversity—problems heretofore recognized only qualitatively. I use the Shannon-Weiner information index to test, and, with no surprise, reject the null hypothesis that there is no direct anthropogenic effect on biodiversity. The results of this science serve as examples of the kind of information most useful for guiding management and illustrate maximized biodiversity as a standard for management. Reference points based on maximized biodiversity are preferable to statistical parameters in meeting the objective of avoiding the abnormal or pathological in our interactions with other species, ecosystems and the biosphere. Management to maximize biodiversity is implemented by modifying human interactions with other biotic systems to achieve consistency in such interactions by mimicking natural role models of sustainability. Human influence is a significant factor in today’s world and the magnitude of such influence is illustrated by comparing humans with other species.
On the formation and stability of dislocation patterns—III: Three-dimensional considerations

Abstract By distinguishing among mobile and immobile dislocations and operating within the framework of continuum mechanics it is possible to derive a set of partial differential equations of the diffusion-reaction type for the evolution of dislocation species. On examining the competition between gradient dependent terms modelling the motion of dislocations and nonlinear terms modelling their interactions, it is shown that stable solutions are possible. The wavelength turns out to be a material property in agreement with observations. The discussion is limited to one dimension, that is to glide of straight dislocations in the slip direction, and the model corresponds physically to the ladder-like structure of persistent slip bands.
Olfactory Colloid Cyst: Case Report and Review of Extraventricular Colloid Cyst Literature

Objective A rare case of an extraventricular colloid cyst located in the olfactory groove extending downward into the ethmoid sinus is presented. This is the second reported case in the world literature. Methods A 56-year-old-woman presented with a lesion that was causing hyposmia and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. The lesion was an extraventricular colloid cyst displacing the left olfactory nerve downward and eroding into the left ethmoid sinus. Results The lesion was excised, and the anterior skull base was reconstructed successfully via a unilateral subfrontal approach. Conclusions There were no complications, and the patient made a full recovery, with resolution of the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
Lack of critical involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular nitrate tolerance in mice

We examined the direct involvement of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) in nitrate tolerance using eNOS knockout (eNOS (−/−)) and wild-type (eNOS (+/+)) mice. Animals were treated with either nitroglycerin (NTG, 20 mg kg−1s.c. 3×daily for 3 days) or vehicle (5% dextrose, D5W), and nitrate tolerance was assessed ex vivo in isolated aorta by vascular relaxation studies and cyclic GMP accumulation. Western blot was performed to determine NOS expression after NTG treatment. In both the eNOS (−/−) and (+/+) mice, the EC50 from NTG concentration-response curve was increased by ∼3 fold, and vascular cyclic GMP accumulation was similarly decreased after NTG pretreatment. Vascular tolerance did not lead to changes in eNOS protein expression in eNOS (+/+) mice. These results indicate that vascular nitrate tolerance was similarly induced in eNOS (−/−) and (+/+) mice, suggesting that eNOS may not be critically involved in nitrate tolerance development in mice. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 135, 299–302; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704532
Average transverse momentum vs. dNc/dη for mass-identified particles at Tevatron energies

The transverse momentum of charged mesons and p's produced within the pseudorapidity range of η = −0.36 to η = +1.0 and azimuthal range of φ = +2° to φ = +18° has been measured in pp collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV. The charged multiplicity of each event was measured by either the 240 element cylindrical hodoscope covering the range −3.25 < η < +3.25 or the central drift chamber, which spans a pseudorapidity range of 3.2 units. The average transverse momentum as a function of the pseudorapidity density for mass-identified particles is presented. We have observed pseudorapidity densities as high as 30 particles per unit pseudorapidity.
Soil properties and actinorhizal vegetation influence nodulation of Alnus glutinosa and Elaeagnus angustifolia by Frankia

Nodulation (mean number of nodules per seedling) was 5 times greater for Elaeagnus angustifolia than for Alnus glutinosa overall when seedlings were grown in pots containing either an upland or an alluvial soil from central Illinois, USA. However, the upland Alfisol had 1.3 times greater nodulation capacity for A. glutinosa than for E. angustifolia. The presence of A. glutinosa trees on either soil was associated with a two-fold increase in nodulation capacity for E. angustifolia. Nodulation increases for soils under A. glutinosa were obtained for A. glutinosa seedlings in the Alfisol, but decreased nodulation for A. glutinosa seedlings occurred in the Mollisol. Greatest nodulation of E. angustifolia seedlings occurred near pH 6.6 for soil pH values ranging from 4.9 to 7.1, while greatest nodulation of A. glutinosa occurred at pH 4.9 over the same pH range. Nodulation was not affected by total soil nitrogen concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 0.20%. Mollisol pH was significantly lower under A. glutinosa trees than under E. angustifolia trees. For 4- to 8-year-old field-grown trees, A. glutinosa nodule weights were negatively correlated with soil pH, while for similar aged E. angustifolia trees nodulation in the acidic Alfisol was not detected.
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Suppresses Activation of NFκB in Macrophages via a Pertussis Toxin-sensitive Signaling Mechanism

The interaction of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and macrophages is generally believed to be a significant inductive step in atherogenesis. Endocytosis of ox-LDL by scavenger receptors (SR) on macrophages is one result of this interaction, as is suppressed expression of several lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated, inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Events subsequent to SR ligation, including intracellular signaling events if any, have not been established. We report here that ox-LDL initiates rapid hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 2 (PIP2) and intracellular fluxes of Ca2+ in macrophages, both of which are sensitive to pertussis toxin. ox-LDL also suppresses the LPS-induced binding of macrophage extracts to an NFκB sequence oligonucleotide and the LPS-initiated accumulation of RNA specific for TNF-α. These latter two effects are pertussis toxin-sensitive. Ligation of SR by ox-LDL thus initiates a pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling pathway in macrophages, which involves hydrolysis of PIP2 and which can suppress expression of the TNF-α gene by modulating activation of NFκB.
Empirically designing and evaluating a new revision-based model for summary generation

Abstract We present a system for summarizing quantitative data in natural language, focusing on the use of a corpus of basketball game summaries, drawn from on-line news services, to empirically shape the system design and to evaluate our approach. Our initial corpus analysis revealed characteristics of textual summaries that challenge the capabilities of current language generation systems. In order to meet these challenges, we developed a revision-based model for summary generation and implemented it in our prototype system streak . A second, detailed corpus analysis was used to identify and encode the revision rules of the system. Finally, we carried out a quantitative evaluation, using several test corpora, to measure the robustness of the new revision-based model. Our results show that our new model improves both coverage and extensibility of the traditional language generation model.
Environmental Degradation and the Classic Maya Collapse at Copan, Honduras (a.d. 600–1250): Evidence From Studies of Household Survival

The Late Classic Maya abandonment of the Copan Valley, Honduras, began in the ninth century a.d. and lasted approximately 250–300 years. The relationship between local ecological setting and residential group abandonment is examined by applying event-history analysis to the known occupation spans of 140 residential mound groups, dated by obsidian hydration. Late Classic households in ecologically vulnerable sections of the Copan Valley—as measured by slope, soil type, and natural vegetation—had significantly higher risk of abandonment than households in more ecologically stable settings. Abandonment risk rises sharply in all regions at the end of the seventh century a.d. Both computerized agricultural simulations and settlement demographic reconstructions indicate that increased levels of agricultural intensification necessary to meet the subsistence needs of Copan's growing population would have led to large-scale erosion in upland areas and a significant reduction of soil fertility in all regions of the valley at that time. Mound-group abandonment patterns tend to support the hypothesis that environmental degradation played a dominant role in the collapse of the Copan polity.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) activation of endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinases: role of reactive oxygen species.

Lymphocytes bound at endothelial cell junctions extravasate within minutes. Lymphocyte-endothelial cell binding is mediated by receptors such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). VCAM-1 activates endothelial cell nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in minutes, and this activity is required for VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration. In this report, we examined mechanisms for activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration. Lymphocyte binding to VCAM-1 rapidly activated endothelial cell-associated MMPs. Furthermore, inhibition of MMPs on the endothelial cells but not on the lymphocytes blocked VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration across endothelial cells. The activation of endothelial cell MMPs required VCAM-1–stimulated endothelial cell NADPH oxidase activity as determined by scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by pharmacologic or antisense inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Exogenous addition of 1 μM H2O2, the level of H2O2 generated by VCAM-1–stimulated endothelial cells, rapidly activated endothelial cell-associated MMPs. In contrast, activation of lymphocyte-associated MMPs was delayed by hours after binding to VCAM-1, and this activation was blocked by inhibition of endothelial cell ROS generation. There was also a delay in H2O2-induced decrease in lymphocyte-associated tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), resulting in an increase in MMP/TIMP ratio. In summary, this is the first report of a mechanism for ROS function in VCAM-1 activation of endothelial cell MMPs during VCAM-1–dependent lymphocyte migration.
Optical penalization with contact lenses for children with unilateral aphakia: an alternative to patching.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of high-plus contact lenses as a form of optical penalization in children with unilateral aphakia. Methods An internal database review was used to identify 10 patients with unilateral aphakia after congenital cataract extraction who underwent treatment with a high-plus contact lens in their sound eye after a period of failure with traditional occlusive patching. The details surrounding the switch from patching to optical penalization with contact lens were recorded along with related changes in compliance and any demonstrable effect suggestive of an improvement in visual ability. Results After an average 15-month delay between the end of occlusive patching and the start of optical penalization with high-plus contact lenses, 6 of 10 patients achieved good compliance with high-plus contact lens therapy and most families were able to successfully administer the lenses according to the prescribed regimen. Three patients showed evidence of a fixation switch to the contact-lens-corrected aphakic eye during optical penalization of the sound eye. No safety issues were reported. Conclusion Using a high-plus contact lens to optically penalize the sound eye of a unilaterally aphakic child seems to have the potential as an effective alternative to occlusive patching for those with compliance issues. A prospective study is warranted to assess long-term safety, and above all, efficacy in visual outcome.
Behavioral effects of added conditioned reinforcement in an automated runway

Four rats, trained in an automated runway in which the completion of every run produced food, were exposed to a fixed-ratio schedule under which the completion of each second run produced food. Under this FR 2 schedule, running times for the nonreinforced first runs were markedly slower than running times obtained for the food-producing second runs. When the completion of each first run produced a set of stimuli paired with food (conditioned reinforcers), running times for the first runs markedly and consistently decreased. When the added conditioned reinforcers were removed, running times for the first runs markedly and consistently increased.
Analysis of five line hyperfine split Mössbauer absorber spectra

Abstract Sums of Lorentzians are fit to numerical solutions of the transmission integral for five line hyperfine split absorber spectra. The general dependences of fit parameters are discussed. Procedures are given to determine actual absorber parameters.
Effects of thiamine deprivation on the growth and metabolism of the phytoflagellatePolytomella agilis

The effects of thiamine deprivation on the growth, respiration, and activity of several enzymes of the phytoflagellate protozoanPolytomella agilis were studied. Vitamin deprivation had no effect on the exponential growth rate; the peak population of cultures grown without thiamine was 50% of the control level. The rates of oxygen consumption in control and thiamine-deprived cultures were not significantly different from each other. The activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in vitamin-deprived cells were 14% and 30%, respectively, of the control values. In these cells, the succinic dehydrogenase activity was 10% and mitochondrial ATPase activity was twice that of control cells. Vitamin deprivation had no effect on the activities of malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase, but pyruvic carboxylase activity increased fourfold. These results indicate a complex role for thiamine in the regulation of growth, respiration, and metabolism in this organism.
Impingement Heat Transfer Part I: Linearly Stretched Arrays of Holes

This is Part I of a two-part paper to study new configurations for impingement heat transfer. In Part I, linearly stretched arrays of holes are investigated, and in Part II the effect of pressure gradient on jet-impingement heat transfer is studied. Impingement holes in real engines are primarily directed to hot spot locations, thus producing nonsquare arrays. In this study, the spacing between the holes increases in both the streamwise and spanwise direction simulating the stretching of the hole arrays downstream. Two different arrays are investigated with the first array having uniform diameter holes through the array placed in a stretched format and the second array having increasing diameter holes. Three jet Reynolds numbers between 2 x 10 3 and 10 3 are studied for three different jet height-to-diameter ratios between 1 and 5. The measured heat-transfer coefficients for these arrays are then predicted using existing impingement heat-transfer correlations based on regular evenly spaced arrays
Measuring enzyme binding using shaped ultrafast laser pulses

We use multiphoton quantum-control spectroscopy to discriminate between enzyme-bound and unbound NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) molecules in solution. Shaped ultrafast laser pulses are used to illuminate both forms of NADH, and the ratio of the fluorescence from the bound and unbound molecules for different pulse shapes allows us to measure binding without spectrally resolving the emitted fluorescence or relying on the absolute fluorescence yield. This permits determination of enzyme binding in situations where spectrally resolved measurements and absolute fluorescence yields are difficult to obtain, and makes the approach ideal for multiphoton microscopy with molecular discrimination.
The chemisorption of hydrogen on Rh(111)

Abstract The chemisorption of H2 on the (111) surface of Rh has been studied using thermal desorption mass spectrometry and low-energy electron diffraction. No evidence for the formation of an ordered hydrogen overlayer has been detected between 100 and 400 K. Hydrogen adsorbs dissociatively following Langmuir [(1 − θ)2] adsorption kinetics. Thermal desorption spectra at all coverages suggest that a mobile precursor is involved in the desorption step. In the limit of zero coverage, E(2)d = 18.6 kcal/mole and v(2)0 = 1.2 × 10−3 cm2. No differences in H2 and D2 desorption kinetics are observed, suggesting that zero-point energy effects do not play a major role in determining desorption rates.
Filtering and selection of structural models: combining docking and NMR.

It is generally accepted that protein structures are more conserved than protein sequences, and 3D structure determination by computer simulations have become an important necessity in the postgenomic area. Despite major successes no robust, fast, and automated ab initio prediction algorithms for deriving accurate folds of single polypeptide chains or structures of intermolecular complexes exist at present. Here we present a methodology that uses selection and filtering of structural models generated by docking of known substructures such as individual proteins or domains through easily obtainable experimental NMR constraints. In particular, residual dipolar couplings and chemical shift mapping are used. Heuristic inclusion of chemical or biochemical knowledge about point-to-point interactions is combined in our selection strategy with the NMR data and commonly used contact potentials. We demonstrate the approach for the determination of protein-protein complexes using the EIN/HPr complex as an example and for establishing the domain-domain orientation in a chimeric protein, the recently determined hybrid human-Escherichia. coli thioredoxin. Proteins 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adaptive control of Weiner type nonlinear systems

Abstract This study is concerned with the problem of adaptive control of a Wiener type nonlinear process. It is assumed that the linear dynamic part of the process can be represented by a pulse transfer function of known order, with stable inverse followed by a known time delay. The memoryless nonlinearity is one-to-one on a compact set and belongs to one of two classes: (1) piecewise linear with known breakpoints, or (2) smooth function (in which case an approximation is made). It is represented by linear splines. The output signal from the linear part is not available for measurement. The global stability of the proposed model reference adaptive control scheme is established subject to the assumption that the nonlinearity can be represented exactly by the linear spline function with a given set of breakpoints. Otherwise, there will be a residual tracking error which depends on the nonlinearity approximation error, but the boundedness of all signals can be assured. The proposed scheme is used for adaptive control of the pH-process in a continuous flow reactor.
Hyperspectral characteristics of winter wheat under freezing injury stress and LWC inversion model

In order to establish a ground support model for monitoring winter wheat freezing injury, different frost resistance winter wheat cultivars planted in the field were taken as the research object in this paper, through the extraction of hyperspectral characteristics and sensitivity analysis conducted on winter wheat in the winter, the sensitive waveband of the winter wheat under the low-temperature freezing injury stress was selected at the leaf scale, and the characterization indexes of freezing injury stress- leaf water content (LWC) and Inversion Model of hyperspectral characteristics parameters- were established. The results show that when the winter wheat is under low-temperature stress, the wavebands of 350–534 nm, 535–590 nm, 696–1380 nm, 1381–1553 nm and 1885–2500 nm will clearly characterize the freezing injury stress characteristics, that is, the characteristics of “green peak” and “red valley” are weakened, the reflectance of “red shoulder” is reduced, and the moisture absorption valley became shallow with the increasing severity of the freezing injury degree. On the basis of the above analysis, the correlation of LWC and hyperspectral characteristic parameters is analyzed, except that the reflectance of “red valley” and SDr/SDy fail to reach significant correlation, all the indexes have reached significant correlation or extreme correlation. Wherein, R2 reaches 0.750 up when the first-order differential value of 777 nm, SDr/SDb, (SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb) are taken as the variables in the model, which are thus selected as the model indexes, and the model is verified. The results of the verification have reached extreme correlation since their R2 are 0.484, 0.799, 0.750 and 0.731 respectively. In summary, the estimation of LWC through high spectral characteristic variables is feasible. The results present a practical value to achieve the information of freezing injury crops by hyperspectral remote sensing, and it is of significant importance insuring food security and increase crop production.
Improved gas exchange performance of the intravascular oxygenator by active blood mixing

The intravascular oxygenator and carbon dioxide removal device (IVOX; CardioPulmonics, Salt Lake City, UT) has been shown to perform 30% of the gas exchange in animals and patients with acute respiratory failure. Among the factors that limit gas exchange is the mass transfer resistance in the blood phase. To determine if a reduction in mass transfer resistance by mixing venous blood can enhance the O2 transfer and CO2 removal by IVOX, a right atrium-pulmonary artery venovenous bypass circuit was used in sheep to model the adult vena cava. A size 9 IVOX (894 fibers with 0.41 m2 surface area, n = 5) was incorporated in the bypass circuit and the blood flow controlled by a roller pump ranging from 1 to 4 l/min. An intra-aortic balloon was placed near the shaft of the IVOX and pulsated at the rate adjusted to best improve CO2 removal (100-120 bpm). O2 transfer and CO2 removal were measured with balloon pulsation on and off at different flow rates. Results showed that blood mixing by pulsation of the balloon caused a 25-49% increase in O2 transfer by IVOX, and this increase remained relatively constant throughout the full flow range. CO2 removal was also increased by up to 35%, but at flows between 3.5 and 4 l/min, the effect of mixing was diminished. It is concluded that reduction in the mass transfer resistance by blood mixing improves gas exchange. Because O2 is more diffusion limited, it is more dependent upon mixing of blood for gas exchange than CO2. More design improvements to incorporate active mixing may further enhance the gas exchange performance of IVOX.
On a steady-state quantum hydrodynamic model for semiconductors

A third order quantum perturbation of the stress tensor, and a relaxation approximation to represent averaged collisions, are employed as perturbations of the isentropic model for a collisionless plasma. The model is self-consistent in the sense that the electric field, which forms a forcing term in the momentum equation, is determined by the coupled Poisson equation. As formulated, the model is a reduced version of the quantum hydrodynamic model for semiconductors. Existence is demonstrated for the model, which is shown to be equivalent to a non-standard integro-differential equation. An unusual boundary condition, with the important physical interpretation of specifying the quantum potential at the (current) inflow boundary, is identified as essential for the theory.
Dynamic structure of membrane-anchored Arf•GTP

ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs) are N-myristoylated GTP/GDP switch proteins that have key regulatory roles in vesicle transport in eukaryotic cells. ARFs execute their roles by anchoring to membrane surfaces, where they interact with other proteins to initiate budding and maturation of transport vesicles. However, existing structures of Arf*GTP are limited to nonmyristoylated and truncated forms with impaired membrane binding. We report a high-resolution NMR structure for full-length myristoylated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Arf1 in complex with a membrane mimic. The two-domain structure, in which the myristoylated N-terminal helix is separated from the C-terminal domain by a flexible linker, suggests a level of adaptability in binding modes for the myriad of proteins with which Arf interacts and allows predictions of specific lipid binding sites on some of these proteins.
Developmental follow-up of infants delivered by Caesarean section and general anesthesia

Infants delivered by caesarean section and general anesthesia were compared with those delivered vaginally with local-regional or no anesthesia. At birth the caesarean group showed less optimal obstetric medications and complication scores, maternal attitudes to labor and delivery, and maternal and infant blood pressures, but the group did not differ on examiner or mother assessments of neonatal behaviors. At 4 months the vaginal group was more optimal on Denver adaptability, maternal state—trait anxiety, and maternal diastolic blood pressures, but the caesarean section mothers rated their infants more optimally on temperament, expressed more realistic expectations of developmental milestones, and received, along with their infants, more optimal face-to-face and feeding interaction ratings. At 8 months there were no differences on developmental assessments, but whereas blood pressures were higher in caesarean mothers and infants, these mothers again assessed their infants as having more optimal temperaments. These results are discussed in the context of an emergency caesarean altering the mother's perceptions of her infant.
Diastolic segmental coronary artery obliteration in constrictive pericarditis.

A patient with severe constrictive pericarditis demonstrated a new angiographic sign of segmental diastolic obliteration of an obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex system of the left coronary artery.
Two-photon transitions in atomic inner shells: A relativistic self-consistent-field calculation with applications to Mo, Ag, and Xe.

Two-photon transition probabilities in atomic inner shells are calculated relativistically with self-consistent-field wave functions, including contributions from all multipoles, angular distributions, and the effect of resonances. Results are evaluated numerically for Mo, Ag, and Xe; they agree well with available experimental data.
Finite-model theory—a personal perspective

This paper is a very personalized view of finite-model theory, where the author focuses on his own personal history, and results and problems of interest to him, especially those springing from work in his Ph.D. thesis. No attempt is made to be comprehensive.
High efficiency coal fueled power generation

Abstract Coal will remain the primary fuel for power generation in the United States because of the large capacity of existing power plants, the low cost and widespread availability. It is anticipated that higher efficiency power generation cycles which are based upon coal gasification will become the optimum choice for new coal-based power plants, beginning in the mid-1990s. This assmes that currently planned demonstration projects are successful and that advancedpower generation equipment, including gas turbines firing at temperatures of 2,300F and above and molten carbonate fuel cells become comercially available. These cycles, including Integrated Gasification Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles, and Advanced Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion can produce electricity with fuel requirements in the range of 6,000 – 8,000 Btu (HHV)/kWh.
Testing the Equality of Two Independent Binomial Proportions

Abstract The problem of testing equality of two independent binomial proportions is reexamined. A recent article by D'Agostino, Chase, and Belanger (1988) argues that the Fisher exact test and the Yates chi-squared test with continuity correction are much too conservative in small samples. The authors proposed using a studentized version of the Pearson chi-squared test, and showed that the empirical size of this test is generally close to the nominal level in repeated product-binomial sampling. Although the article is persuasive on its own terms, two central issues are completely ignored: (a) the propriety of analyzing tests based on discrete data using fixed nominal levels of significance, and (b) the question of whether the empirical size should be computed in repeated samples that fix one or both of the margins. The latter is the key issue; Yates and others (1984) argued that both margins should be held fixed for inference, even though only one margin is fixed by the product-binomial sampling design. T...
In Silico Investigation of the Molecular Effects Caused by Missense Mutations in Spermine Sythase Gene Associated with Human Mental Retardation

It was shown that a particular mental retardation disorder, the Snyder-Robinson syndrome, is caused by missense mutations in spermine sythase gene that encodes a protein (SMS) of 529 amino acids. The human SMS forms a homo-dimer and each subunit includes two important functional domains: the N-terminal domain which is important for dimerization, and the C-terminal domain which includes active site for spermine synthesis. Three missense mutations, G56S, I150T and V132G in SMS that were identified to cause the disease, were investigated in silico to reveal the molecular effects causing the malfunction of SMS. It was done by performing single-point energy calculations, molecular dynamics simulations and pKa calculations to reveal the effects of these mutations on SMS's stability, flexibility and interactions. It is demonstrated that although most of the missense mutations are conservative mutations, they can still significantly affect wild type properties of SMS protein. The analysis of the pKa's of ionizable groups showed that despite that mutations do not involve titratable groups they affect the ionization properties of neighboring residues. The major effect was associated with the internal protein dynamics and mutants were predicted to be more flexible than the wild structure. The stability of the SMS domains and the home-dimer were calculated to be sensitive to the mutations and the effect depends on the location of mutation site with respect to the surface of the protein. The results indicate that the disease is caused by diverse molecular mechanisms depending on the site of mutation and amino acid type substitution and can be revealed only by a detailed structure-based analysis.
Tunneling dynamics in dissipative curve-crossing problems.

We have studied the real-time dynamics of dissipative tunneling between two coupled diabatic surfaces. The interplay of tunneling, vibrational relaxation, dephasing, and resonances leads to various regimes of population dynamics, from coherent oscillations between the surfaces to exponential decay described by a rate constant. To describe these phenomena, we exploited recent efficient discretized-path-integral techniques; the two-surface system is treated exactly using a numerically constructed propagator, while the effects of the dissipative environment are incorporated through an influence functional. This procedure results in a low-dimensional integral, which is evaluated by quadrature. Use of a discrete-variable representation (DVR) allows us to replace continuous paths by paths that sample a small set of coordinate points; in particular, the conventional two-level-system approximation is shown to correspond to the limit of two DVR points. The specific features pertinent to nonadiabatic tunneling are discussed.
On Localities of Knowledge Inconsistency

Inconsistency is commonplace in the real world in long-term memory and knowledge based systems. Managing inconsistency is considered a hallmark of the plasticity of human intelligence. Belief revision is an important mental process that underpins human intelligence. To facilitate belief revision, it is necessary to know the localities and contexts of inconsistency and how different types of inconsistency are clustered. In this paper, the author provides a formal definition of locality of inconsistency and describes how to identify clusters of inconsistent circumstances in a knowledge base. The results pave the way for a disciplined approach to manage knowledge inconsistency.
FAST observations of downward current regions: Effect of ionospheric constraints on parallel signatures

[1] Downward current region auroral crossings by the FAST (Fast Auroral Snapshot) spacecraft show that divergent electric fields which are perpendicular to the geomagnetic field () have two types of structures: those whose potential contours close below the spacecraft but above the ionosphere (U-shaped), and those that are not completely closed but partially couple to the low-altitude ionosphere (composite). Using FAST data from above 3000 km altitude, we investigate parallel signatures of particle motions in these downward current regions, focusing on the distinctions between U-shaped and composite potential structures. We analyze probability density functions of electron velocity moments and ion energies, and power spectral density scaling laws of wave turbulence above the potential drop. Results indicate that U-shaped potential structures show aspects of fully developed turbulence. Composite structures are often characterized by intermittent signatures, possibly because of lower ionospheric constraints. These results support a picture of an evolutionary process from composite to U-shaped potential structures in downward current regions.
Macromolecules of the central nervous system and acoustic priming in C57BL/6Bg mice

Cycloheximide (30 mg/kg, ip) or puromycin (200 μg/mouse, intraventricular) was administered to C57BL/6Bg mice either before or after acoustic priming. Treatment with either of these inhibitors of protein synthesis significantly attenuates the acoustic priming. Although intraventricular injection of actinomycin D (2.5 μg/mouse) before and after the initial auditory stimulus completely blocks the acoustic priming, another inhibitor of RNA synthesis, diaminopurine (100 μg/mouse) had no effect. Thus, acoustic priming may be partially dependent upon protein synthesis in the brain either during and/or briefly (0.5 hr) after the initial auditory stimulus, and may not be dependent upon RNA synthesis. Also, acoustic priming was not “transferred” through brain extracts prepared from 19- or 28-day-old donors and injected into 19- or 27-day-old recipients.
Leftmove-bound picture languages

Abstract Let Π = {u,d,r,l} be the chain-code picture alphabet such that u (d,r,l) denotes the graphics command to move the drawing pen up (down, right, left) in the 2D Cartesian plane. It is known that the picture membership problem can be solved in polynomial time for each context-free language over {u,d,r} and is NP-complete for a so-called retreat-bounded regular (or reversal-bounded linear) language over Π . Imposing both retreat and reversal bounds on languages over Π results in the leftmove-bounded languages whose words describe pictures by making no more than a bounded number of left moves. The picture membership problem can be solved in polynomial time for each leftmove-bounded context-free language over Π and is NP-complete for a leftmove-unbounded (but retreat-bounded) linear language over {u,d,lr} . There exists a context-sensitive language over {u,d,r} (or {u,d,lr}) for which the picture membership problem is undecidable.
Location Routing Approach for the Humanitarian Prepositioning Problem

Events such as Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 have highlighted the need to understand network disruptions, in particular in the humanitarian supply chain. Humanitarian supply logistics cannot be improvised at the time of the emergency since little can be done after a disruption occurs. Therefore, special attention should be given to preparedness efforts and the design of the supply chain network. Inventory prepositioning is one of the strategies in the preparedness stage that enhances postdisaster response because it reduces the lead time needed to reach the affected destinations once a disaster has occurred. In this paper, the prepositioning of supplies for disasters is modeled as a facility location problem that accounts for the routing of vehicles and possible disruptions in the transportation network. The approach uses a combination of the most reliable path and an integer programming model to find the optimal location of supplies. The problem is solved on an example transportation network. The problem exploits a variant of the shortest-path problem and can be solved efficiently even for medium and large-scale transportation networks.
Taxonomic status of the buffalo treehopper and the name ceresa bubalus

The North American mernbracid known by the approved common name, buffalo treehopper, is discovered to be not conspecific with either of the 2 syntypes of Membracis bubalus Fabricius, 1794. One of the syntypes is here designated the lectotype of Ceresa (=Membracis) bubalus (Fabricius). The other syntype is a specimen of Stictolobus minor (Fowler). Hence, the buffalo treehopper, now without a scientific name, is described as a new species under the name Stictocephala bisonia n.sp. A discussion as to the history of the problem and a possible explanation of how it came about is presented.
“SKyphoplasty”: A Single Institution's Initial Experience

PURPOSE The treatment of painful compression fractures has been revolutionized by vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, two recently developed techniques that continue to evolve. This article describes a new device for the performance of kyphoplasty that uses a polymer device rather than a balloon to create a void in the bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS In nine consecutive patients, kyphoplasty was performed at 12 vertebral levels with osteoporotic compression with use of the new SKy bone expander polymer device. RESULTS The device was successful in creating a void in the bone at all levels. The procedure was also effective in alleviating pain from compression fractures. There were no technical failures or complications. CONCLUSION The SKy bone expander polymer device is effective and safe for the performance of kyphoplasty to alleviate pain from vertebral compression fractures.