cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AudioNav: a mixed reality navigation system for individuals who are visually impaired

This research is to design a novel indoor navigation tool called AudioNav for users with visual impairment. Current navigation systems rely upon expensive physical augmentation of the environment or expensive sensing equipment. The proposed system is infrastructure-free and low cost as it uses only a virtual representation of a building to be navigated. Our proposed system: 1) extracts a floor-plan and recognizes landmarks in the three-dimensional model of a building, 2) locates and tracks the user inside the building while there is no GPS reception, 3) finds the most suitable path based on the user's special needs, and provides step-by-step direction to the destination using voice, speech, or haptic feedback.
SU-E-I-80: Beta-Minus Emitting Radiotracers Improves Molecular Endoscopy

Purpose: Molecular Endoscopy using Cerenkov Luminescence can be used to monitor the distribution of many clinically-available PET and SPECT probes for endoscopic applications. A main limitation of Cerenkov is its limited sensitivity to small concentrations of radiotracer when using light guides s. Herein we demonstrate that the use of a high energy beta emitting radioisotope, exemplified here with 90Y provides superior sensitivity to 18F because of its higher light output and its lack of corresponding gamma emission. Methods: A series of phantom experiments were performed to compare the sensitivity and noise of the CLE system for imaging 90Y and 18F. Three vials of known concentrations of 90Y (0.008 μCi, 0.08 μCi, 1 μCi) were placed in centrifuge tubes and isolated from each other. One vial of 18F (100 μCi) was placed in the imaging chamber and imaged over the course of decay (19 hours, 43 minutes, or ∼10 half-lives). Image time-points were formed from 5-minute integrations. Results: Using an SNR of 10 to define the noise-floor, the 90Y minimum detectable activity was 0.056 μCi. To the contrast, the minimum detectable activity for 18F was 11.63 μCi. These data demonstrate a 207-fold improvement in SNR of 90Y compared to 18F, when controlled for activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a pure β- radionuclide such as 90Y be used is superior to 18F for Cerenkov Endoscopy. Further study is needed to demonstrate its utility in preclinical studies, endoscopic applications, intraoperative, and radiotherapy applications.
An Undergraduate Course in American Popular Psychology

In this article, I describe a special topics course in American popular psychology. Course objectives are to (a) trace the history of the popularization of psychology in America; (b) discuss the efforts of the “great popularizers,” including William James, G. Stanley Hall, Hugo Munsterberg, and J. B. Watson; and (c) evaluate the quality of various examples of popular psychology. I emphasize active learning throughout the course. Students read original sources, participate in a variety of exercises, and prepare historical papers or content analyses of popular psychology. I recommend that interested faculty offer such a course or incorporate some of the material on popular psychology into existing history of psychology courses.
Molecular Resonance Raman and Rayleigh Scattering Stimulated by a Short Laser Pulse

We study a simple model for a molecule subjected to a short laser pulse. We derive very simple expressions for resonance Raman and resonance Rayleigh scattering amplitudes to leading order in the strength μ of the laser and the Born–Oppenheimer parameter ϵ for the molecule. We also briefly consider the situation where the incident light is close to, but not exactly at the resonance frequency for an electronic transition of the molecule.
Genetic bases of epidermolysis bullosa simplex and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.

Keratins are the major structural proteins of the epidermis. Analyzing keratin gene sequences, appreciating the switch in keratin gene expression that takes place as epidermal cells commit to terminally differentiate, and elucidating how keratins assemble into 10-nm filaments have provided the foundation that has led to the discoveries of the genetic bases of two major classes of human skin diseases. In this report, we review the cell biology and human genetics of these diseases, epidermolysis bullosa simplex and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Both of these diseases are epidermal disorders of keratin, typified by cell fragility as a consequence of defects in the mechanical strength of basal epidermolysis bullosa simplex or suprabasal epidermolytic hyperkeratosis cells. J Invest Dermatol 103:25S– 30S, 1994
The early development of terrestrial ecosystems

New work on the fossil record of early terrestrial ecosystems is challenging the validity of the accepted picture of their development. In particular, palaeoecologists are learning of the dangers of drawing analogies between Palaeozoic organisms and their modern counterparts, and are beginning to rely more on direct inferences from the fossils themselves.
The Microhardness of Enamel and Dentin

THE hardness of enamel and dentin has been determined by a variety of methods including abrasion," 2 pendulum,' scratch,4-7 and indentation" teehnics. Since the hardness of enamel and dentin has been shown to have considerable local variations, the methods using a microscratch or microindentation have been preferred. One of the more common types is the Knoop diamond indenter14 which has been used by a number of investigators.', 12, 15, 16 It should be mentioned, however, that in spite of the fact that the indentations are extremely small, they still represent a macroindentation when compared to the microstructure of enamel and dentin. The majority of the published hardness data for enamel and dentin has been measured on ground sections, although several papers'0 13 reported the hardness of intact enamel surfaces. The conclusions in regard to the difference in hardness from one section of a tooth to another are at times in variance with each other. This study of dentin and enamel was undertaken in an attempt to establish any trends in hardness existing from one area of a tooth to another or between different types of teeth. With this purpose in mind, this research did not attempt to relate the hardness values to the histologic tooth structure, but a sufficiently large number of hardness measurements were made so that the data could be treated on a statistical basis.
Attaining organizational commitment across different generations of nurses.

Aim To inform nurse managers about the generational differences that exist among nurses, how it affects the work environment and how this information can be used to encourage organizational commitment. Background Every person is born into a generational cohort of peers who experience similar life experiences that go on to shape distinct generational characteristics. Thanks to delayed retirements, mid-life career changes, job re-entry and a small but significant group of younger graduates, the nursing profession is now experiencing four generations in the workforce: Veterans, Baby Boomers, Generation X and the Millennial Generation. At the same time, the literature on organizational commitment is expanding and can provide a compelling context through which to view generational differences among nurses. Implications for nursing management As part of an overall strategy to increase organizational commitment, consideration of generational differences in nurses can be helpful in leading to increased job satisfaction, increased productivity and decreased turnover among staff. In the face of the global nursing shortage, managers should increase their knowledge of generational diversity just as they have with ethnic and cultural diversity in the past. Understanding how to relate to the different generations and tap into their individual strengths can lead to improved nursing work environments.
Nitrogen analysis using energetic ion beams

As a special case of nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), nuclear elastic scattering analysis (or non-Rutherford scattering analysis) is one of the important methods in ion beam analysis and is the preferred technique to analyze light elements in a heavy matrix. Compared with nuclear reaction, nuclear scattering usually has cross-sections several orders of magnitude larger, which allows quantitative analysis of light elements in a quicker and more convenient manner. Similar to NRA, this method complements the analysis of widely used Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. In this study, the scattering cross-sections for 14 N(p,p) 14 N and 14 N(α,α) 14 N at a laboratory angle of 150° are measured over energy regions from 2.480 to 3.774 MeV using an amorphous film of Si 3 N 4 on Si wafer. Examples for the analysis of lattice disorder on the nitrogen sublattice in Au 2+ -irradiated GaN single crystals will be demonstrated.
Metformin-induced cholestatic hepatitis.

Objective: To report a case of metformin-induced cholestatic hepatitis. Methods: We present a detailed case report, including laboratory and biopsy findings. In addition, similar cases from the lit...
Composite Hugoniot Synthesis Using the Theory of Mixtures

The contemporary theory of mixtures is employed to predict the re sponse of composites to shock loading. The composite may consist of any finite number of constituents. Jump equations expressing balance of mass, momentum, and energy for each of the constituents are presented, following the approach of Kelly [1]. These equations are then specialized to apply to a uniaxial shock wave running into undisturbed material The resulting theory is shown to encompass constituents which undergo phase transfor mations and exchange thermal energy within the shock surface.
Thermal and mechanical separations of silicon layers from hydrogen pattern-implanted wafers

A silicon layer was successfully transferred from a hydrogen pattern-implanted wafer to another by a thermal or mechanical cleavage process. The first wafer was masked with various patterns of 2.3 micron-thick poly-silicon, and was implanted at a hydrogen dose of 4,5, or 8 1016 cm−2 with an energy of 150 keV or 180 KeV. After etching off the implantation mask, the wafer was bonded to a thermally grown oxide wafer face-to-face by low-temperature direct bonding. The bonded pair was then either heated (thermally) or bent (mechanically) until hydrogen-induced silicon layer cleavage occurred, resulting in the silicon layer transfer from the implanted wafer to the other. In this experiment, it was demonstrated that mechanical cleavage can overcome the fractional implantation area limination of thermal cleavage.
The Organizationally Dependent Community: A Comparative Study of Neighborhood Attachment

We introduce the concept "organizationally dependent" community to describe communities that lack the basis for developing attachment through informal social integration and in which the primary source of attachment is participation in formal organizations created to protect the community from outside threats. Neighborhoods experiencing residential renovation are examples of organizationally dependent communities. Because renovators are newcomers to their neighborhoods they cannot rely on informal social networks to solve neighborhood problems, but they can become involved in formal organizations to do so. This type of participation becomes an important source of neighborhood attachment. Data testing this hypothesis, generally, are consistent with it.
“Spontaneous” Ovulation in the Rabbit Following Combined Estrogen-Progesterone Treatment

SummaryFollowing treatment with estrogen and progesterone 4/10 rabbits ovulated spontaneously, i.e., without the coital stimulus normally required to induce LH release from the hypophysis in this species.
Roadside camera calibration and its application in length-based vehicle classification

Video surveillance system is widely used in the current traffic monitoring system. Existing commercial image processing system works well in vehicle detection and tracking, but it has difficulties in vehicle classification if the camera is not calibrated. A priori camera calibration is used in many systems, which is a complicated process. In this paper, a very simple roadside camera calibration is proposed. Our algorithm is based on some reasonable assumptions, which only requires a traffic video for calibration. The camera is calibrated by estimating the lane boundaries and the vanishing point. Then the position in image coordinate is transformed to real-world reference systems. After calibration, the vehicles are classified by their lengths on the road. Finally, the performance of our classification approach is illustrated and discussed.
DESCRIBING FLAVOR USING FEWER AND SIMPLER “HITS” (HIGH IDENTITY TRAITS) PROFILING: AN EXAMPLE WITH CHEESE

ABSTRACT Sensory descriptive analysis often requires a large set of attributes that needs to be defined and referenced to make the results replicable. The resulting data are important and necessary for research and development purposes but may be excessively complex for management, marketing, consumer purposes or culinary applications, such as restaurants. This study examined the use of a simplified lexicon, high identity traits (HITS), generated by trained panelists to determine if an understanding of the overall differences and similarities between samples could be achieved with fewer and more user-friendly attributes than in traditional descriptive sensory testing. Ten trained sensory panelists participated in this pilot study with cheese. The number of attributes was reduced from more than 20 for each cheese to include only one to five terms that described the main flavor characteristics or HITS of each cheese. For example, in the flavor profiles, Brie cheese scored at low to moderate intensities for 20+attributes. In this study, Brie was described only as buttery, earthy and mold-ripened, terms that can be understood quickly and by many different people. This study suggests that the HITS method is a fast procedure that adds additional, general, user-friendly information to traditional descriptive analysis techniques. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This study provides a methodology that can be used by trained sensory panels to evaluate the high identity traits or HITS of products. Those HITS provide a general understanding of the product category and the differences among products in order to help management, marketing or consumers better understand product traits.
The effect of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin on follicle-stimulating hormone-induced aromatase activity in cultured rat granulosa cells

We investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/cachectin on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced aromatase activity in cultured rat granulosa cells using the stereospecific transfer of 3 H from [1β- 3 H] androstenedione into 3 H 2 O. TNF (10 pg/ml - 10 ng/ml) inhibited FSH (250 ng/ml)-induced aromatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10 ng/ml of TNF completely abolished the FSH-induced aromatase activity. A time course analysis of the effects of TNF showed that TNF had no effect on induced aromatase activity, but inhibited the further induction of the enzyme by FSH. TNF (10 ng/ml) also inhibited the ability of TGF β (1 ng/ml) to enhance aromatase activity and increase progesterone synthesis. Thus, TNF is a component of the complex array of proteins that modulate ovarian function and, as such, may play a physiological role in the regulation of the granulosa cell. In view of its association with cachexia, it may also play a pathophysiological role in the suppression of reproductive function during chronic illness.
Can biomass burning produce a globally significant carbon-isotope excursion in the sedimentary record?

Negative carbon-isotope excursions have been comprehensively studied in the stratigraphic record but the discussion of causal mechanisms has largely overlooked the potential role of biomass burning. The carbon-isotopic ratios (δ 13 C) of vegetation, soil organic matter and peat are significantly lower than atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and thereby provide a source of low 13 C CO2 when combusted. In this study, the potential role of biomass burning to generate negative carbon isotope excursions associated with greenhouse climates is modeled. Results indicate that major peat combustion sustained for 1000 yr increases atmospheric CO2 from 2.5× present atmospheric levels (PAL) to 4.6× PAL, and yields a pronounced negative δ 13 C excursion in the atmosphere (∼2.4‰), vegetation (∼2.4‰) and the surface ocean (∼1.2‰), but not for the deep ocean (∼0.9‰). Release of CO2 initiates a short-term warming of the atmosphere (up to 14.4 °C, with a duration of 1628 yr), which is consistent with the magnitude and length of an observed Toarcian excursion event. These results indicate that peat combustion is a plausible mechanism for driving negative δ 13 C excursions in the rock record, even during times of elevated pCO2.
Reversal of BoNT/A-mediated inhibition of muscle paralysis by 3,4-diaminopyridine and roscovitine in mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations ☆

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) comprise a family of neurotoxic proteins synthesized by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium. Each neurotoxin consists of two polypeptide chains: a 100kDa heavy chain, responsible for binding and internalization into the nerve terminal of cholinergic motoneurons and a 50kDa light chain that mediates cleavage of specific synaptic proteins in the host nerve terminal. Exposure to BoNT leads to cessation of voltage- and Ca(2+)-dependent acetylcholine (ACh) release, resulting in flaccid paralysis which may be protracted and potentially fatal. There are no approved therapies for BoNT intoxication once symptoms appear, and specific inhibitors of the light chain developed to date have not been able to reverse the consequences of BoNT intoxication. An alternative approach for treatment of botulism is to focus on compounds that act by enhancing ACh release. To this end, we examined the action of the K(+) channel blocker 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) in isolated mouse hemidiaphragm muscles intoxicated with 5pM BoNT/A. 3,4-DAP restored tension within 1-3min of application, and was effective even in totally paralyzed muscle. The Ca(2+) channel activator (R)-roscovitine (Ros) potentiated the action of 3,4-DAP, allowing for use of lower concentrations of the K(+) channel blocker. In the absence of 3,4-DAP, Ros was unable to augment tension in BoNT/A-intoxicated muscle. This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of the combination of 3,4-DAP and Ros for the potential treatment of BoNT/A-mediated muscle paralysis.
Comparative chloroplast genomics: Analyses including new sequences from the angiosperms Nuphar advena and Ranunculus macranthus

The number of completely sequenced plastid genomes available is growing rapidly. This array of sequences presents new opportunities to perform comparative analyses. In comparative studies, it is often useful to compare across wide phylogenetic spans and, within angiosperms, to include representatives from basally diverging lineages such as the genomes reported here: Nuphar advena (from a basal-most lineage) and Ranunculus macranthus (a basal eudicot). We report these two new plastid genome sequences and make comparisons (within angiosperms, seed plants, or all photosynthetic lineages) to evaluate features such as the status of ycf15 and ycf68 as protein coding genes, the distribution of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and longer dispersed repeats (SDR), and patterns of nucleotide composition. The Nuphar [GenBank:NC_008788] and Ranunculus [GenBank:NC_008796] plastid genomes share characteristics of gene content and organization with many other chloroplast genomes. Like other plastid genomes, these genomes are A+T-rich, except for rRNA and tRNA genes. Detailed comparisons of Nuphar with Nymphaea, another Nymphaeaceae, show that more than two-thirds of these genomes exhibit at least 95% sequence identity and that most SSRs are shared. In broader comparisons, SSRs vary among genomes in terms of abundance and length and most contain repeat motifs based on A and T nucleotides. SSR and SDR abundance varies by genome and, for SSRs, is proportional to genome size. Long SDRs are rare in the genomes assessed. SSRs occur less frequently than predicted and, although the majority of the repeat motifs do include A and T nucleotides, the A+T bias in SSRs is less than that predicted from the underlying genomic nucleotide composition. In codon usage third positions show an A+T bias, however variation in codon usage does not correlate with differences in A+T-richness. Thus, although plastome nucleotide composition shows "A+T richness", an A+T bias is not apparent upon more in-depth analysis, at least in these aspects. The pattern of evolution in the sequences identified as ycf15 and ycf68 is not consistent with them being protein-coding genes. In fact, these regions show no evidence of sequence conservation beyond what is normal for non-coding regions of the IR.
Discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine and chronic tolerance.

Tolerance to discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of drugs, as observed by a shift of the dose-response curve to the right, has been observed with many addictive drugs (e.g. amphetamine, cocaine and morphine). Chronic administration of nicotine has been reported to produce tolerance to the locomotor depressant effects and aversive stimulus properties of nicotine; however, the DS effects of nicotine have not been examined for development of tolerance following chronic treatment. We report on experiments utilising a cumulative-dosing drug discrimination paradigm. Eight, male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate nicotine (0.4 mg/kg s.c.) from saline under a fixed ratio (FR 10) schedule for food reinforcement. Multiple training sessions were given daily, and once criteria was met, cumulative doses of nicotine (0.025-1.2 mg/kg s.c.) were evaluated. Rats acquired the nicotine discrimination after 80 sessions. During this period, rats developed tolerance to the rate-depressing effects of nicotine after 20 nicotine-training sessions. Chronic treatments of nicotine in the rat's home cage for 7 days during suspended training failed to shift the dose-response curve for nicotine. Increasing the frequency to three daily injections also had no effect on nicotine discrimination. Furthermore, continuous infusions of nicotine (6.4 mg/kg/day) delivered via osmotic minipumps failed to shift the dose-response curve. No physical signs of withdrawal were apparent, particularly on lever responding, following removal of the minipump. These results suggest that under the conditions described, chronic tolerance to nicotine's DS does not develop readily.
Predicting Phonon Thermal Conductance at Atomic Junctions: Nonequilibrium Green’s Function Approach Compared to Semiclassical Methods

Phonon thermal conductance, λ, in nanostructures is a thermophysical property that is becoming increasingly difficult to accurately predict, especially as thermal management at interfaces of different materials is becoming a major engineering concern. The most widely used models for λ prediction are based on the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE), and the when junctions between two different materials enter the picture, the most common BTE-based models to predict the interfacial conductance are the Acoustic Mismatch Model (AMM) and Diffuse Mismatch Model (DMM). The models are developed with equilibrium assumptions. However, thermal transport is clearly nonequilibrium phenomenon. Recently, the Nonequilibrium Green’s Function (NEGF) formalism has been extended to phonon transport. The NEGF formalism is rooted in nonequilibrium quantum transport theory, making it ideal to study energy transfer applications, especially in nanosystems where the concept of thermal equilibrium breaks down due to the small dimensions of the transport regions. The purpose of this paper is to derive, from first principles, the NEGF formalism of thermal conductivity, and compare the assumptions of this formalism to the semi-classical Boltzmann models. The NEGF formalism is applied to a 1D atomic chain with varying masses and compared to similar predictions from BTE-based models.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
P05.18. Mixed methods approaches in whole systems research: a study of Ayurvedic diagnostics

Methods Three 30 minute Ayurvedic assessments, including a history and limited physical exam, were videotaped and then viewed by Ayurvedic clinicians. The clinicians were asked to identify the primary and secondary dosha (Ayurvedic physiologic principle) involved in the patient’s prakruti (mind-body constitution) and vikruti (current state of the doshas) and explain their rationale for making a diagnosis. Cross-sectional comparison and thematic analytic approaches were used to analyze qualitative data.
Asenapine: a clinical review of a second-generation antipsychotic.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are both prevalent types of psychiatric illness in the United States. As second-generation antipsychotics have become a more viable first-line treatment option, their use has been associated with a new era of adverse events (AEs), most notably metabolic and cardiovascular concerns. Although treatment options for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have arguably improved, there continues to be a need for medications that achieve and maintain desired efficacy with minimal AEs. Objectives This article serves as a comprehensive review of the pharmacologic profile of the second-generation antipsychotic asenapine, as well as a review of its efficacy and safety profiles based on the findings from clinical trials in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods Searches of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and IDIS were conducted (January 1996 to November 2011) to identify clinical studies and other primary literature sources with the following search terms: asenapine, bipolar disorder, antipsychotic, psychosis, dopamine, and schizophrenia. Only studies of asenapine and placebo and/or active-comparator arms were included. Results The literature search yielded 67 unique articles, including review articles, which were excluded. The efficacy of asenapine was reported in 3 clinical studies in patients with schizophrenia, 1 each in acute and long-term settings, measured as significant changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores over 6 and 52 weeks. Asenapine also had reported efficacy in the prevention of relapse in schizophrenia during a 26-week extension study. In addition, efficacy of asenapine was reported in 2 studies in acute mania as well as extension phases of both 9 and 40 weeks, as determined by significant changes in Young Mania Rating Scale scores. The most commonly reported AEs in these studies were somnolence (13%–24%), extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) (7%–12%), and dizziness (11%). Conclusions The findings from multiple studies have suggested that asenapine is efficacious in the acute treatment of schizophrenia. Asenapine has reported long-term efficacy for this indication and the potential to reduce the incidence of relapse. Asenapine efficacy was also reported in the treatment of acute manic or mixed states associated with bipolar I disorder. Asenapine had an acceptable safety profile across the different disease states studied, although it was not devoid of metabolic and EPS-related AEs.
Pseudo-Mirizzi syndrome in acute cholecystitis

Common hepatic duct obstruction secondary to an impacted cystic duct stone is commonly referred to as the Mirizzi syndrome. Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon cause of obstructive jaundice and can be mimicked by several other rare conditions. We describe a patient with a massively distended gallbladder due to acute cholecystitis who presented with clinical and cholangiographic findings simulating the Mirizzi syndrome. Endoscopists should be aware of acute cholecystitis as a possible etiology of common hepatic duct obstruction.
Wear as measured with a four-ball wear tester using fully flooded and vapor phase with condensation lubrication methods

Abstract This is a study of the influence of lubricant delivery methods on wear, utilizing a four-ball wear tester. In the conventional fully flooded case, bearings are immersed in the liquid lubricant. In a second delivery technique, the bearings are immersed in a high temperature vapor containing the vaporized lubricant and the vapor condenses to form a thin liquid layer on the bearing surfaces. A previously developed sequential four-ball wear test was utilized to measure both the “run in” wear and a “steady state” wear for the fully flooded wear cases. This test has shown excellent correlation with heavy duty industrial hydraulic systems and automotive crankcase oils. The vapor delivery technique has the disadvantage that non-volatile or low volatility additives can not be vapor delivered. However, vapor delivered lubricants can be formulated to contain additives which are not compatible or soluble in the liquid lubricant case. The additives only need to be volatile to be delivered as a vapor. The study shows that in general, lubricants delivered as a vapor show a better wear performance than realized under fully flooded liquid conditions. For most cases, the wear scar for vapor delivered lubrication is slightly smaller and considerably smoother than for the fully flooded case. Photo-micrographic evidence indicates that wear debris which can cause abrasive wear is not recirculated through the bearing conjunction to the same extent in the vapor delivery case as in the fully flooded system.
Tirofiban for cocaine-induced coronary artery thrombosis: a novel therapeutic approach.

A34-year-old man presented with crushing substernal chest pain associated with ingestion of crack cocaine. An ECG showed findings consistent with an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction complicated by intermittent complete heart block. A coronary angiogram demonstrated diffuse thrombosis of the …
How Large Is the Gap Between Self-Report and Assessed Mental Health and Does It Impact Older Adult Mental Health Service Utilization?

We examined the relationship between self-reported and assessed mental health status and service use, using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 9,547). Twelve percent and thirty percent had inaccurate perceptions of their mood and memory status, respectively. No significant difference was found in the likelihood of service use between older adults who were unaware of current depressive symptoms and those who self-reported problems but had no assessed symptoms. Older adults who scored low in cognitive test were more likely to use services, regardless of self-reported memory status. Discrepancies between self-reported and assessed status may contribute to service utilization.
To Set an Example The Tradition of Diversity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have been emblematic of the African American quest for educational parity and social equality in American society. In addition to having been primarily responsible for the education of African Americans, HBCUs have also functioned as key institutions in the social, political, and economic development of the African American community within the constraints of a racially stratified society. This article maps the evolution of a pioneering tradition of diversity at HBCUs from their beginnings in the late 19th century to the present. The author argues that the social and educational environments that have traditionally supported diversity at HBCUs emerged out of group struggle between Blacks and their allies as well as with those seeking to maintain the larger system of overt, institutionalized racial stratification that dominated American society for much of its history. The article concludes with an examination of trends in diversity at HBCU campuses.
Methadone Plus—A Behavior Modification Training Program in Self-Control for Addicts on Methadone Maintenance

(1973). Methadone Plus—A Behavior Modification Training Program in Self-Control for Addicts on Methadone Maintenance. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 969-996.
Placement of a covered polyester stent prevents complications from a colorectal anastomotic leak and supports healing: Randomized controlled trial in a large animal model

Background Anastomotic leaks after colorectal operation continue to be a significant cause of morbidity. A covered endoluminal stent could seal a leak and eliminate the need for diversion. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a temporary covered stent to prevent leak related complications. Methods Sixteen adult pigs (80–120 lbs) underwent open transection of the rectosigmoid followed by anastomosis with a circular stapler. Eight animals (study group) underwent endoscopic placement of a 21-mm covered polyester stent. Eight control group animals were left without stents. In all animals, a 2-cm leak was created along the anterior portion of the anastomosis. The animals were killed after 2 weeks and evaluated for abdominal infection, fistulae, and adhesions. The anastomosis was excised and the following parameters were assessed by a pathologist blinded to treatment: mucosal interruption (mm), inflammatory response, collagen type I and III, granulation, and fibrosis (grade 0–4). Results Stents were spontaneously expelled between postoperative days 6 and 9. At necropsy, none of the animals in the study group had leak related complications, whereas in the control group, 5 (63%) developed intraabdominal infection (4 abscesses, 1 fistula) at the anastomosis (P = .002). Dense adhesions to the anastomosis were found in 7 (88%) control animals. On histology, anastomotic sites in the study group had significantly less mucosal interruption and granulation. Two pigs in the study group died on postoperative day 7, one due to evisceration and one from bladder necrosis. The mortality result is not different from controls (P = .47), both events seem to be unrelated to stent placement. Conclusion Temporary placement of a covered polyester stent across a colorectal anastomosis prevents leak-related complications and supports the healing of anastomotic leaks.
Cycloaddition of Cyclopentadiene and Dicyclopentadiene on Si(100)-2×1: Comparison of Monomer and Dimer Adsorption

The adsorption of cyclopentadiene and its dimer form, dicyclopentadiene, on the Si(100)-2×1 surface has been investigated using polarized multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared (MIR-FTIR) spectroscopy together with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. The results show that cyclopentadiene adsorbs at room temperature to form a [4 + 2] cycloaddition product and at saturation covers less than two-thirds of the surface. Dicyclopentadiene adsorbs intact, most likely by a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction, and is estimated to adsorb onto 30−40% more SiSi dimer sites than cyclopentadiene despite its larger size. Dicyclopentadiene is not found to react via a surface-catalyzed retro-Diels−Alder pathway whereby it splits into cyclopentadiene while chemisorbing, even though this pathway is theoretically predicted to be much more thermodynamically favored.
The Importance of Self-Directed Play

Although many cite the No Child Left Behind Act ([NCLB], 2002) as the first result of public outcry for accountability in American education, evidence of this change can be traced back more than th...
An exterior-point method for linear programming problems

This paper proves the convergence of an algorithm for solving linear programming problems inO(mn 2) arithmetic operations. The method is called an exterior-point procedure, because it obtains a sequence of approximations falling outside the setU of feasible solutions. Each iteration consists of a single step within some constraining hyperplane, followed by one or more projections which force the new approximation to fall within some envelope aboutU. The paper also discusses several numerical applications. In some types of problems, the method is considerably faster than a standard simplex method program when the size of the problem is sufficiently large.
Effects of disorder on fibre diffraction patterns.

Abstract Diffraction patterns from oriented polycrystalline specimens of fibrous polymers sometimes contain features indicating that the constituent microcrystallites are disordered. Such disorder affects the relationship between the crystal structure and the diffracted intensities. Therefore, the effects of disorder must be considered when determining structures from fibre diffraction data. Theory is developed here that describes the intensities diffracted by disordered polycrystalline fibres, and is used to calculate diffraction patterns from simulated specimens with various kinds of disorder. The results show how Bragg and continuous diffraction are distributed on such diffraction patterns, and implications for structure determination are discussed.
Status Of Large Neodymium Glass Lasers

The elements of a Nd: Glass laser chain as it is constructed for fusion experiments are described. A brief overview of the ARGUS and SHIVA systems employing Nd lasers is given. (MOW)
Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades

Crater Lake caldera is at the north end of the Klamath graben, where this N10°W-trending major Basin and Range structure impinges upon the north-south–trending High Cascades volcanic arc. East-facing normal faults, typically 10–15 km long, form the West Klamath Lake fault zone, which bounds the graben on its west side. The fault zone terminates on the south near the epicentral area of the September 1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes. It continues north past Crater Lake as the Annie Spring fault, which is within ∼1 km of the west caldera rim, and Red Cone Spring fault. We have determined a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.3 mm/yr for these two faults using high-precision K-Ar and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age measurements on offset lava flows ranging in age from ca. 35 to 300 ka. Holocene offset reported by Hawkins et al. and epicenters of eight M W 2 earthquakes in 1994 and 1995 indicate that the West Klamath Lake fault zone is active. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitudes and scarp heights or fault lengths suggest that the fault zone is capable of producing earthquakes as large as M W 7¼. Earthquakes on these or other faults of the zone could trigger landslides and rockfalls from the walls of the caldera, possibly resulting in large waves on Crater Lake.
Hunting for neuronal currents: absence of rapid MRI signal changes during visual-evoked response.

While recent reports have advocated the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect the effects of neuronal currents associated with human brain activity, only preliminary experimental data have been presented so far to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Furthermore, it has not been adequately demonstrated that (1) MRI can separate neuronal current (NC) effects from other effects such as blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast; (2) MRI has adequate sensitivity to detect NCs in vivo. In this work, we introduce a method that can separate slow (e.g., BOLD) processes from potential rapid (e.g., NC) processes and apply this method to investigate whether MRI allows detection of an NC response to a visual stimulus. MRI studies (n = 8) at 3.0 T using a sensitive multichannel detector showed insignificant effects related to NCs (averaged t < 0.05), in the presence of a highly significant BOLD signal (t = 6.15 ± 0.90). In contrast, magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiments performed under similar conditions on the same subjects showed highly significant electrical activity (t = 7.90 ± 2.28). It is concluded that, under the conditions used in this study, the sensitivity of MRI to detect evoked responses through NCs is at least an order of magnitude below that of BOLD-based functional MRI (fMRI) or MEG and too low to be practically useful.
Does the extended parallel process model fear appeal theory explain fears and barriers to prenatal physical activity

Abstract Background Few studies have looked at the impact of fear on exercise behavior during pregnancy using a fear appeal theory. It is beneficial to understand how women receive the message of safe exercise during pregnancy and whether established guidelines have any influence on their decision to exercise. Using the extended parallel process model (EPPM), we explored women's fears about prenatal physical activity. Methods We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study on the fears and barriers to prenatal exercise among a racially/ethnically diverse population of pregnant women. Participants were recruited from local prenatal clinics. Ninety females with a singleton pregnancy between 16 and 30 weeks gestation were enrolled in the study. The primary outcome measure was classification of risk behavior based on the EPPM theory. Findings Women who scored high on self-efficacy for exercising safely were more likely to exercise during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.39-25.39; P = .016) for at least 90 minutes per week. Participants who exercised at least 90 minutes per week during pregnancy scored higher on their perceived ability to control danger to the baby, as well as less susceptibility of harm and threat to baby of moderate exercise from prenatal exercise. Conclusions More education and counseling on specific guidelines for safely exercising during pregnancy are needed. The EPPM framework has the potential to help improve health communications about exercise safety and guidelines between patients and health care professionals during pregnancy.
Scattering matrix of the discontinuity between superquadric waveguides

The mode matching technique is applied to the determination of the scattering matrix of the discontinuity between superquadric waveguides. The modal fields and cut-off wavenumbers of the waveguides are calculated by the variational method. Introduction of trigonometric functions as basis functions and imposition of a criteria to eliminate spurious modes, allow the accurate computation of more than 200 modes of a given waveguide, which is necessary to the envisaged application. Due to the versatility of the superquadric waveguides, that assume the form of cylindrical, elliptical, and rectangular waveguides, and intermediate shapes between them, it results in an efficient algorithm that can be applied in the analysis and design of several waveguide devices.
Factors determining outcome in patients treated with interstitial implantation as a radiation boost for breast conservation therapy

Purpose: To evaluate the relative utility of interstitial implant as a technique for tumor bed dose escalation and assess technical factors related to outcome. Methods and Materials: From 1982-1994, a prospectively applied institutional policy of margin-directed boost dose escalation to the tumor bed was followed whereby interstitial implantation was commonly employed for a final margin status (FMS) ≤ 2 mm. There were 509 treated breasts, of which 127 received an implant boost. For purposes of comparison, cases were broadly classed as implant (all FMS 2 mm). The implant target volume was determined at completion of whole breast irradiation by clinical assessment. All implants were constructed in accordance with a preplanning algorithm designed to maximize dose homogeneity within a prescription isodose goal of 0.50 Gy/h for 40 h. Local control and cosmetic outcome were evaluated with respect to extent of tumor, histopathology, FMS, extent of surgery, and systemic adjuvant therapy. Implant quality was assessed using four calculated parameters: strand separation quotient (SSQ), planar separation quotient (PSQ), global separation quotient (GSQ), and dose homogeneity index ( DHI ). The mean implant volume was 48.3 ± 20 cc, the mean prescribed dose rate was 0.46 ± 0.08 Gy/h, and the mean total implant dose was 19.94 ± 1.52 Gy. Results: Cosmetic outcome was good/excellent in 90% of implant and 83% of all nonimplant cases, which was not statistically different. Cosmesis was significantly superior with implant when compared to nonimplant cases receiving an external boost of 20 Gy. Logistic regression analyses of implant cases revealed that reexcision volume and decreased DHI were associated with adverse cosmesis. There were 10 local failures in the implanted patients (4 within the prescribed isodose volume, 5 at the periphery, and 10 elsewhere in the breast). The local failure rate at 5 and 7 years in the implanted group was 3.9 and 9.0%, respectively, compared to nonimplant cases with a margin < 2 mm of 3.2 and 3.2%, respectively. These differences were not significant. The crude local failure rate in patients with an associated DCIS component was 12% a compared to 3% in patients with pure invasive histology (p = 0.06). A proportional hazards survival model revealed a significant association of local failure with the performance of a reexcision and young age. Conclusion: We conclude that interstitial implant boost for breast conserving irradiation is associated with cosmesis that is superior than the same nominal dose of external beam boost, although this is highly dependent upon the technical quality of the source position and the relative uniformity of dose deposition. Breast implantation results in a rate of local control no better than dose-matched external beam boost in patients with a final margin % 2 mm. Local control with implantation might be further enhanced by increasing implant volume and/or improved target localization.
The Serum Proteins of the Rat During Development

The morphological changes which occur during late embryonic and early postnatal life in common laboratory animals are, with one set of exceptions, now well understood. The exception relates to those changes which require the use of physiological, biophysical, or biochemical techniques. Outstanding among these are the changes in the relative concentrations of the serum proteins (Kekwick, 1959). Only for the chicken (Moore, Shen, & Alexander, 1945; Marshall & Deutsch, 1950; Heim & Schechtman, 1954; Weller & Schechtman, 1957) has a reasonably complete picture been built up. In the case of the changes in the relative concentrations of the serum proteins of the late embryonic and early postnatal rat, the various investigations, including the more extensive ones of Jameson, Alvarez-Tostado, & Lew (1948), Shmerling & Uspenskaya (1955), and Gurvich & Karsaevskaya (1956), leave a confusing and contradictory picture due to the use of widely divergent methods and the limited number of stages investigated.
Self-Supervised Learning for Visual Tracking and Recognition of Human Hand

In Proc. of AAAI’2000 pp.243-248, Austin, Texas, July, 2000 Due to the large variation and richness of visual inputs, statistical learning gets more and more concerned in the practice of visual processing such as visual tracking and recognition. Statistical models can be trained from a large set of training data. However, in many cases, since it is not trivial to obtain a large labeled and representative training data set, it would be difficult to obtain a satisfactory generalization. Another difficulty is how to automatically select good features for representation. By combining both labeled and unlabeled training data, this paper proposes a new learning paradigm, selfsupervised learning, to investigate the issues of learning bootstrapping and model transduction. Inductive learning and transductive learning are the two main cases of self-supervised learning, in which the proposed algorithm, Discriminant-EM (D-EM), is a specific learning technique. Vision-based gesture interface is employed as a testbed in our research.