cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Emotional Intelligence: A Control Group Study of a Brief Educational Intervention for Emergency Medicine Residents.

INTRODUCTION: Emotional Intelligence (EI) is defined as an ability to perceive another's emotional state combined with an ability to modify one's own. Physicians with this ability are at a distinct advantage, both in fostering teams and in making sound decisions. Studies have shown that higher physician EI's are associated with lower incidence of burn-out, longer careers, more positive patient-physician interactions, increased empathy, and improved communication skills. We explored the potential for EI to be learned as a skill (as opposed to being an innate ability) through a brief educational intervention with emergency medicine (EM) residents. METHODS: This study was conducted at a large urban EM residency program. Residents were randomized to either EI intervention or control groups. The intervention was a two-hour session focused on improving the skill of social perspective taking (SPT), a skill related to social awareness. Due to time limitations, we used a 10-item sample of the Hay 360 Emotional Competence Inventory to measure EI at three time points for the training group: before (pre) and after (post) training, and at six-months post training (follow up); and at two time points for the control group: pre- and follow up. The preliminary analysis was a four-way analysis of variance with one repeated measure: Group x Gender x Program Year over Time. We also completed post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Thirty-three EM residents participated in the study (33 of 36, 92%), 19 in the EI intervention group and 14 in the control group. We found a significant interaction effect between Group and Time (p≤0.05). Post-hoc tests revealed a significant increase in EI scores from Time 1 to 3 for the EI intervention group (62.6% to 74.2%), but no statistical change was observed for the controls (66.8% to 66.1%, p=0.77). We observed no main effects involving gender or level of training. CONCLUSION: Our brief EI training showed a delayed but statistically significant positive impact on EM residents six months after the intervention involving SPT. One possible explanation for this finding is that residents required time to process and apply the EI skills training in order for us to detect measurable change. More rigorous measurement will be needed in future studies to aid in the interpretation of our findings. Language: en
Impact of Internals on the Heat-Transfer Coefficient in a Bubble Column

The effect of heat exchanging internals on the heat-transfer coefficient has been investigated in a 0.19 m diameter bubble column. An air–water system was used with superficial gas velocities varying from 3 to 20 cm/s, which cover both the bubbly and churn-turbulent flow regimes. Internals occluding 0% (empty column), 5% (simulating methanol synthesis), and 22% (simulating Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) of the column cross-sectional area were implemented. A fast response heat-transfer probe was utilized to measure the radial profile of the heat-transfer coefficient in the fully developed flow region. The results indicate that the presence of a high percentage of internals causes an increase in the heat-transfer coefficient at the same actual gas velocity on the basis of the open cross-sectional area. Also, the heat-transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the gas velocity. The heat-transfer coefficients in the column center for all of the studied conditions are larger than those near the wall of the...
The prenatal growth and natal involution of the human uterus.

The human uterus undergoes a marked reduction in length and weight in the first few weeks following birth. This was first described by Lyubetski,1 and later, independently, by Bayer2 and by Conte.3 This reduction takes place through hypoplasia and hypotrophy of the uterine muscle, together with a disappearance of the marked natal hyperemia of the organ. It is supposed to be caused by the withdrawal at birth of a hormone produced by the placenta, the ovary or the tissues of both of these structures, (Aschner,4 Herrmann,5 Fellner,6, 7 Frank,8, 9 and others.) Little is known of the fetal growth of the uterus which precedes this natal reduction. The present study is based upon a total of 207 observations on the length of the uterus, 89 of fetal uteri, 62 of uteri of infants stillborn or dying within 48 hours after birth, and 56 uteri of children over 2 days and under 1 year of age.A graphic analysis of this material is shown in the accompanying figure, in which the mean uterus length for 5 cm. intervals of to...
Is Federalism a Political Question? An Application of the Marshallian Framework to Garcia

In Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985) the Supreme Court relegated the matter of the wages and hours of local government employees to the national political process as though the issue were a political question. More importantly, the Court left the determination of whether the issue required national political resolution up to Congress. This article applies some of the writings of John Marshall to the Garcia case in order to ascertain whether national political resolution of the issue was appropriate. Under Marshall's framework, matters which involve the enumerated powers of Congress or the implied powers of Congress are political issues. However, in contrast to the holding in Garcia, the question of whether a particular issueinvolves an enumerated or an implied power is a matter appropriate for judicial scrutiny.
Notes on the Measurement of Overlap

Nashville, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 8:143-228. Hanson, A. D. 1973. The effects of imbibition-drying treatments on wheat seeds. New Phytologist 72:1063-1073. Hegarty, T. W. 1970. The possibility of increasing field establishment by seed hardening. Horticultural Research 10:59-64. Vincent, E. M., and P. B. Cavers. 1978. The effects of wetting and drying on the subsequent germination of Ruinex (rispus. Canadian Journal of Botany 56:2207-22 17. Wilson, A. M. 1971. Responses of crested wheatgrass seeds to environment. Journal of Range Management 26:43-46.
Socio-Economic Status and Overnight Hospital Stays: Evidence from the Panel Component of the Nigerian Household Survey

An individual’s socioeconomic status is one of the most important determinants of health care utilization. Yet, income as an indicator of socio-economic status is often underreported in survey data. This problem is compounded in African countries due to the existence of a large informal sector and cultural practices. To overcome this situation, this paper constructs a five-scale index based on households’ assets. This alternate measure of one’s socio-economic status is included as an explanatory variable in a negative binomial regression that examines the determinants of overnight hospital stays in Nigeria. My analysis suggests overnight hospital stays tend to decrease in both monetary and asset-based measures of socioeconomic status; although income tends to overstate this effect. Since the poor are more likely to stay more nights in a hospital, this may be an indication that the poor generally delay visits to health care facilities due to the predominance of user fees in the Nigerian health care system. To reduce this trend, there is the need for an expanded and affordable primary health care system that takes into account the local socio-economic environment. Finally, the study finds that the severity of ill-health is the single most important determinant of overnight hospital stays.
Cable assemblies for the F-111 aircraft

During supersonic flight of the F-111 aircraft, high temperatures are developed in the airstream around some portions of the pullout cable assemblies which electrically join externally mounted armament to the aircraft. Therefore, construction materials and associated components in these assemblies must be capable of surviving certain temperature extremes and must reliably perform a subsequent set of mechanical and electrical functions. To achieve these functional requirements, the cable assemblies are constructed with insulations, hardware, joining materials, sealants, and components which can adequately sustain the in-flight environments as well as the severe long-term storage conditions and the potentially hazardous operations at the time of installation, during flight, and during uncoupling of the connectors from the armament at the time of its release.
Family Practice Residents’ Compliance with Preventive Medicine Recommendations

We conducted a medical records survey of 270 randomly selected patients 20 years of age or older seen by family practice residents in a university-based training program. This study concerned residents’ compliance with certain preventive recommendations made by four expert groups: the American Cancer Society, the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination, the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, and the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on treating elevated cholesterol. The interventions studied were breast examination, mammography, pelvic examination, Pap testing, digital rectal examination, stool guaiac slide testing, serum cholesterol screening, and pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations. We calculated the percentage of eligible patients receiving each of these interventions. The highest rates of resident compliance with health screening recommendations were for Pap testing in women 20-34 and 35-59 years of age (31.7% and 22.6%, respectively), breast examination in women 20-39 years of age (27.3%), and influenza vaccination (23.0%). There were no other rates of compliance that exceeded 20%. Our data thus indicate that residents in this program did not comply well with health maintenance recommendations.
Sex differences and plasticity in dehydration tolerance: insight from a tropical liverwort

Background and aims Adaptations allowing plants to cope with drying are particularly relevant in the light of predicted climate change. Dehydration tolerance (DhT, also dehydration-tolerant) is one such adaptation enabling tissue to survive substantial drying. A great deal of work has been conducted on highly DhT species. However, bryophytes showing less intense and variable DhT are understudied, despite the potential for these species to provide an informative link between highly tolerant and sensitive species. In this study, we tested the degree to which DhT varies across populations and the sexes of a species expected to exhibit a moderate DhT phenotype. Methods To test predicted patterns of tolerance we assessed DhT in males and females of Marchantia inflexa from two distinct habitat types that differ in water availability. Both common garden and field-collected tissue was subjected to drying assays at multiple intensities and recovery was monitored by chlorophyll florescence. Verification studies were conducted to confirm the level of dehydration, the rate of drying and the associated changes in photosynthetic physiology. Key results We confirmed our expectation that M. inflexa is able to tolerate moderate dehydration. We also found that females exhibited higher DhT than males, but populations did not differ in DhT when cultured in a common garden. However, field-collected samples exhibited differences in DhT corresponding to environmental dryness, suggesting plasticity in DhT. Conclusions By studying a less extreme DhT phenotype we gained insight into how more sensitive (yet still tolerant) organisms cope with dehydration. Additionally, the identified sex-specific variation in DhT may explain ecological patterns such as female-biased sex ratios. Furthermore, plasticity in DhT has the potential to inform management practices aimed at increasing tolerance to drought conditions.
Thermalization of neutrons in graphite: Status and error analysis

Calculations related to the temperature coefficient of reactivity of enriched gas-cooled reactors show the high sensitivity of this parameter to the proper description of thermalization effects in the moderator. Additionally, the calculation of the temperature dependence of the inelastic-scattering cross section with current ENDF/B formalisms correlates the errors of the cross sections as functions of the temperature. Neglecting this temperature correlation introduces unnecessary conservatism in the estimation of the error of the reactivity coefficient. These two facts force the efforts to characterize the present status of the inelastic cross section of graphite and to calculate its covariance file. The ENDF/B evaluation of the scattering matrix S({alpha},{beta},T) is still based on the approximations (incoherent component only) and phonon spectra of the early 1960s. Subsequent measurements showed that the structure observed in S({alpha},{beta},T) cannot be described using the incoherent approximation, and soon after the availability of highly intense neutron beams and large specimens of pyrolitic graphite have allowed the direct measurement of elastic constants of relevance for a better calculation of the phonon spectra. Calculations of the probability distributions of the moment and energy transfer, {alpha} and {beta}, in a Maxwellian spectrum allow us to define a range of {alpha} and {beta}more » for which comparison of experimental and theoretical data are of most interest for reactor analysis, and to point out regions of deficient resolution or excessive details in the present {alpha},{beta} mesh used in the ENDF/B files. Because the phonon spectrum defines S({alpha},{beta},T), mathematical formulas have been found that allow the calculation of the covariance matrix of S by propagating the errors of the phonon spectra.« less
Utility of Ecological Risk Factors for Evaluation of Transplant Center Performance.

There is substantial evidence across different healthcare contexts that social determinants of health are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality in the US. These factors, including socioeconomic status, behavior and environmental risks, education, social support, healthy food and access to healthcare also vary widely by region and individual communities. One of the implications of heterogeneity in these risks is the potential impact on measured quality of healthcare providers. In particular, there is concern that providers treating disproportionally vulnerable communities may be disadvantaged by lack of risk adjustment for these factors that affect health but not indicators of quality of care. Recently, the National Quality Forum has endorsed risk adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics based on these concerns. These issues are salient to transplant programs as social determinants of health impact transplant patient outcomes and vary by region. In this viewpoint, we argue that integration of ecological (area-level) factors in risk adjustment models used to assess transplant center quality should be strongly considered. We believe this reform could be accomplished rapidly, would attenuate disparities in access to care by reducing disincentives to treat patients from vulnerable communities and improve risk adjustment and calibration of models used for center evaluations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Women's Rights, Human Rights, and Duties: From Domination to Partnership

The idea of women's rights as human rights can facilitate our identifying the causes, consequences, and potential remedies for the current quagmire in which we find themselves, but it needs some reformulation. To the traditional understandings of human rights, I add four conceptual tools: (1) Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of the counterparts of rights and duties, (2) Eisler’s concept of partnership (as opposed to dominator) societies, (3) Johan Galtung’s expansion of our conception of violence to include its structural and cultural forms, and, finally, (4) the literature on nonviolence as a path to mobilization and transformation that resists existing social structures and builds new ones.
Evidence of two-stage melting of Wigner solids

Ultralow carrier concentrations of two-dimensional holes down to $p=1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ are realized. Remarkable insulating states are found below a critical density of ${p}_{c}=4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ or ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\approx}40$. Sensitive dc V-I measurement as a function of temperature and electric field reveals a two-stage phase transition supporting the melting of a Wigner solid as a two-stage first-order transition.
Fast power system simulation using semi-analytical solutions based on Pade approximants

This paper proposes a method for power system dynamic simulations using Pade approximants to solve power system differential equations (DEs). A two-stage scheme is proposed to ensure the performance of the method in online applications. The method first derives a semi-analytical solution (SAS) offline in the form of an explicit Pade function of symbolic variables, such as simulation time, initial states and all other parameters of system operating conditions. Then, the dynamic simulation is implemented in the online stage by only substituting actual values for symbolic expressions at time intervals. Although the accuracy of an SAS can only be guaranteed for a limited time interval due to its gradually increased error, the entire simulation period can be made of consecutive time intervals whose lengths are adaptively adjusted according to a pre-specified error tolerance. The use of Pade approximants can effectively prolong each time interval window to accelerate the simulation speed. This paper validates the advantage of this method for contingency simulations on the IEEE 3-generator 9-bus system and IEEE 10-generator 39-bus system with detailed 6-order generator models.
Smartphone based approximate localization using user highlighted texts from images

Abstract In many application scenarios, an approximate location can suffice instead of achieving high accuracy of GPS, or other network infrastructure enabled localization. This can lead to design of localization systems low in resource consumption, and faster in obtaining a result. In this work, we design and implement a lightweight localization system, called WhereAmI, that can perform coarse localization with low resource requirement. The key intuition behind this work is that a collection of nearby textual signs in an image representing a user’s surrounding forms a bag-of-words that provides a unique signature for her location. Due to the low performance of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine in outdoor settings, we develop a keyword-based positioning algorithm that can work even with partial errors in the detected texts representing business names. The partial errors in recognized business names are handled by using an n-gram-based text correction approach. We use a cloud based web service for offloading parts of the application workloads intelligently to save resources, like energy and network cost. The Android based prototype of WhereAmI is tested in uncontrolled environments. The experimental results show that WhereAmI can achieve 95% accuracy while consuming 20% less power than that of GPS. The proposed keyword-based positioning algorithm takes about 59 ms on average for returning the location.
Pulsing Magnetic Field Effects on Brain Electrical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system. Clinical symptoms include central fatigue, impaired bladder control, muscle weakness, sensory deficits, impaired cognition, and others. The cause of MS is unknown, but from histologic, immunologic, and radiologic studies, we know that there are demyelinated brain lesions (visible on magnetic resonance images) that contain immune cells such as macrophages and T-cells (visible on microscopic analysis of brain sections) Recently, a histologic study has also shown that widespread axonal damage occurs in MS along with demyelination25. What is the possible connection between MS and bioelectromagnetic fields? We recently published a review entitled “Bioelectromagnetic applications for multiple sclerosis,”21 which examined several scientific studies that demonstrated the effects of electromagnetic fields on nerve regeneration, brain electrical activity (electroencephalography), neurochemistry, and immune system components. All of these effects are important for disease pathology and clinical symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS)21.
Staatsoberhaupt, Regierungschef und Kabinettssystem

Vom amerikanischen Prasidenten hat Harold Laski gesagt, er sei „mehr und weniger als ein Konig; mehr und weniger als ein Premierminister“. In einem solchen Vergleich ist das Problem der Staatsfuhrung klar ausgesprochen. Die Schopfer der amerikanischen Verfassung dachten sich den amerikanischen Prasidenten als republikanisches Gegenstuck zum erblichen Monarchen, wie ihn der britische Konstitutionalismus geschaffen hatte. Hamilton aber ging im Federalist sehr ausfuhrlich auf den Vergleich zwischen den beiden Amtern ein und behauptete: „Es gibt keinen Anhaltspunkt fur die Parallele, die man zwischen ihm (dem Prasidenten) und dem Konig von Grosbritannien zu ziehen versucht hat1.“ Er meinte damals, es sei absurd zu glauben, der amerikanische Prasident habe auch nur annahernd die Macht, die der britische Konig besitze. Seitdem sind die Konige verschwunden oder fuhren nur noch ein Schattendasein, wogegen der Prasident die zentrale Stellung in der amerikanischen Staatsordnung einnimmt. Diese Stellung verdankt er, wie wir in einem fruheren Kapitel gesehen haben, wenigstens zum Teil dem Umstand, das er der Fuhrer der Mehrheitspartei wurde. Mittlerweile ist in Grosbritannien die Stellung des Premierministers der Grundpfeiler eines Staatsaufbaus geworden, der heute zutreffender ein plebiszitares Kabinettssystem als eine parlamentarische Regierung genannt werden konnte.
Clustering Multiple Time Series with Structural Breaks

Time series clustering pattern could change over time. In this article we develop a new Bayesian approach to handle clustering analysis of multiple time series with structural breaks. The number of breaks is treated as a random variable, with group membership and group‐specific parameters allowed to change on these breaks. Group‐specific parameters in each regime can be integrated analytically, so we only have a small number of parameters to be handled by posterior simulation. We further discuss prediction, identification, clustering, and detection of the number of groups. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we document the performance of the proposed approach in statistical efficiency, forecasting, and detection of the structural breaks. An application on quarterly industrial production growth rates of 21 countries links regimes to historical business cycles. Prediction performance and economic gains are illustrated based on the proposed method.
The Orchidaceae of Primitiae Florae Essequeboensis (1818)

The German botanist and Professor at the University of Gottingen, Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer (1782–1856), studied the plants collected in the Dutch colony of Essequibo by Ernst Carl Rodschied and those kept in the herbarium of Professor Franz Karl Mertens, which he had received from a Dutch colonist during the early 1800s. On that basis, he published in 1818 his work Primitiae Florae Essequeboensis, describing 344 species of plants. Among them there are five species of orchids, two of which were new to science. Key words: Essequibo, Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Meyer, Guiana, Orchidaceae
Filling in some gaps: A pre-nursing bioscience and study skills intervention

Abstract Background Multiple issues exist with the learning of bioscience in undergraduate nursing education. However, there are gaps in the literature for studies that have addressed this problem. Aims This study aimed to investigate the impact of providing early innovative support for study skills and self-efficacy in basic bioscience. Methods The study involved the provision of a five-day pre-nursing bioscience and study skills intervention. It was evaluated with a 20-item survey where participants (n = 51) rated their self-efficacy to complete the Bachelor of Nursing, to learn bioscience and to use their study skills over the intervention and later bioscience unit. Students also responded to a list of concerns and were compared to the general cohort (n = 111). Findings Participants reported increased self-efficacies after the intervention and this improvement was maintained to the end of the bioscience unit. Concerns changed from having a lack of bioscience and study skills, to those that were more externally based such as their impending clinical placement. In contrast, the general cohort remained focused on their lack of bioscience knowledge. Discussion The intervention was shown to be an effective support strategy for student learning. Furthermore, despite a significant number of participants having less prior learning in high school bioscience, they performed to the same level as the general cohort in the final exam of the bioscience unit. Conclusion The provision of early support for study skills and self-efficacy improvement is an investment to the learning of bioscience in undergraduate nursing education.
THE ANIONIC ALKYLATION OF EASILY REDUCIBLE ARENES. A PHOTOCHEMICAL ROUTE TO NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION OF ANTHRACENE BY ORGANOLITHIUMS

Abstract High yield nucleophilic addition ensues upon mixing tetrahydrofuran solutions of benzyllithium or cyclooctadienyllithium and anthracene at low temperatures At least part of this addition proceeds by a single electron transfer pathway. Photolysis of the resulting adducts leads to the elimination of lithium hydride, giving net nucleophilic substitution in approximately 50% yield. The analogous reaction fails with naphthalene, where photolysis of the organolithium/ arene mixture leads to dimeric products derived from the organolithium.
Three-Dimensional, Minimum-Time Flight Paths to a Point and onto a Line for a Supersonic Aircraft with a Maximum Mach Number Constraint.

Abstract : Optimal control theory and the energy-state approximation are used to determine the thrust, altitude, and bank angle programs for minimum-time flight paths of a supersonic aircraft from an initial energy, heading, and horizontal position to a specified final energy, heading, and point or line in a horizontal plane. Constraints on maximum and minimum thrust, stall angle-of-attack, maximum Mach number, maximum dynamic pressure, and maximum normal load factor are considered. The problem is restricted to those cases in which the flight path is long enough that the maximum Mach number is reached during the flight. Numerical results are presented for a typical supersonic aircraft capable of Mach 2.0 flight. (Author)
Fatty acid-binding proteins: functional understanding and diagnostic implications.

Purpose of review Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of small, abundant proteins with highly tissue-specific expression patterns whose different functions remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings regarding FABP functions and mechanisms of action, including their potential utilization as serum markers of tissue-specific metabolic diseases. Recent findings FABPs are important not only in their tissues of origin but also appear to influence the metabolism and function of tissues distal to their sites of expression. This may be secondary to metabolic changes in their primary tissues, and/or a result of FABP secretion from these tissues leading to effects on distal sites. Their levels in the circulation are increasingly explored as potential biomarkers for tissue-specific disease prognosis and progression. Summary The nine fatty acid-binding members of the FABP family have unique tissue-specific functions and important secondary effects on tissues in which they are not expressed. For many of the FABPs, circulating levels may be indicative of disease processes related to their primary tissues, and may influence physiological function in distal tissues.
End-of-life medical decision-making for children in custody: A collaborative, multi-stakeholder practical approach.

Abstract Background Parents have a constitutionally-protected, fundamental right to make decisions concerning the health and well-being of their children, afforded by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. However, parental rights are not absolute, and may be curtailed after a finding of parental “unfitness” including perpetration of egregious child abuse/neglect. Court intervention may be necessary to assert “parens patriae” authority to protect a child’s well-being. Disagreements over medical care for a child (particularly when parent maltreatment resulted in life-altering clinical conditions and parents are suspected of perpetrating abusive injuries) often pose conflicts of interest. End-of-life decision-making involving abuse perpetrators may be influenced by self-interest, due to potential for escalation of criminal charges. Objective Discuss medico-legal decision-making for children in child welfare custody using a detailed case example involving a child near-fatally, abusively injured by his parents; review of relevant case law/national legal precedents; and clinical policy statements guiding end-of-life decision-making for pediatric patients. Participants/setting/methods Using an exploratory, quasi-qualitative approach, perceived experiences of purposefully-selected taskforce members identified key themes that informed a care de-escalation protocol, implemented across the state. Results Key themes included coordinated communication, expedited legal proceedings, and balancing child’s best interest (the right not to suffer for a prolonged period of time or sustain complications) with parents’ rights and due process concerns, and informed protocol development. Conclusions Practicable guidance established in the protocol can be theoretically adapted at the local level to address the complexity inherent in end-of-life decision-making for children in custody.
Chapter 2 – Pharmacokinetics

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the psychotropic effects of many nutritional and herbal supplements. Psychopharmacology is the study of the mechanisms, effects, and use of substances that act on the brain and subsequently change behavior. Substances that act on the brain are often referred to as being psychoactive, and sometimes they are called psychotropic, since they are administered to result in some type of change in the psychological status of a person. When substances act on the brain and changes become evident, these changes manifest in many aspects of behavior. Psychoactive substances may change the way a person acts (reducing behavioral compulsions, psychomotor agitation, hyperactivity, or restlessness), feels (reducing depression or anxiety), and thinks (reducing mental obsessions or depressive ruminations).
Chromosomal evolution inEpilobium sect.Epilobium (Onagraceae)

WithinEpilobium sect.Epilobium, a cytological analysis of 121 experimental hybrids, involving 40 species, indicates the presence of a widespread BB chromosome arrangement in Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia, as well as in North and South America less commonly. The AA chromosome arrangement, which differs from BB by one reciprocal translocation, occurs in North America, South America, and in at least three European species. The CC arrangement, which differs from AA by two reciprocal translocations, characterizes theAlpinae, a circumboreal group. Distinctive or only partly worked out chromosome arrangements occur in the EuropeanE. duriaei andE. nutans and in the North AmericanE. luteum, E. obcordatum, E. oregonense, andE. rigidum. With earlier results, the chromosome arrangements of some 65 of the estimated 185 species of the section have been established fully or partly.
Dynamics of Wrist-Worn Eccentric-Rotor Energy Harvesters

This work concerns the steady-state dynamics of eccentric-rotor harvesters under the excitation of a forced pendulum, selected as a simplified representation of the swinging motion of the human arm during locomotion, to better understand their use for wrist-worn energy-harvesting applications. A linearized model predicts the behavior of nonresonant eccentric-rotor devices well and provides insight into the relationship between the rotor natural frequency and transducer-imposed electrical damping. Approximate analytical solutions are obtained via perturbation methods that show that the eccentric rotor shares many characteristics of a Duffing oscillator with softening spring nonlinearity. Finally, an interesting property of the eccentric rotor's dynamics, namely, invariance of power output to changes in forcing frequency and amplitude over certain ranges of design parameters, is observed, forming the basis for a proposed resonant eccentric-rotor harvester with a wideband power output response.
Enhanced Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Film for Sensitive and Rapid Response Self-Powered Photodetector

Inorganic cesium lead halide CsPbIxBr3–x (x = 0–3) perovskites have recently gained considerable attention as semiconductor materials for the fabrication of photodetectors due to their high thermal...
Channel Length Scaling Limit for LDMOS Field-Effect Transistors: Semi-classical and Quantum Analysis

We find a fundamental limit of channel-length scaling for Laterally Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (LDMOS) FETs. We optimize a set of devices with different channel lengths, from 10 nm to 100 nm, through an optimization algorithm to meet a pre-determined criterion for drain-to-source subthreshold leakage-current and breakdown voltage. We identify an optimum channel length of 40 nm for both 5V and 3.3V planar LDMOS devices. To assess the possible importance of source-to-drain tunneling in short-channel LDMOS devices, we also perform a quantum mechanical study of 5 nm to 15 nm channel length LDMOS devices. We find that classical effects, rather than quantum tunneling, determine the scaling limit of LDMOS.
Catalyzing Clinical Diagnostic Pipelines Through Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation Using Deep Neural Networks: Past, Present, & Future.

Deep learning has made a remarkable impact in the field of natural image processing over the past decade. Consequently, there is a great deal of interest in replicating this success across unsolved tasks in related domains, such as medical image analysis. Core to medical image analysis is the task of semantic segmentation which enables various clinical workflows. Due to the challenges inherent in manual segmentation, many decades of research have been devoted to discovering extensible, automated, expert-level segmentation techniques. Given the groundbreaking performance demonstrated by recent neural network-based techniques, deep learning seems poised to achieve what classic methods have historically been unable. This paper will briefly overview some of the state-of-the-art (SoTA) neural network-based segmentation algorithms with a particular emphasis on the most recent architectures, comparing and contrasting the contributions and characteristics of each network topology. Using ultrasonography as a motivating example, it will also demonstrate important clinical implications of effective deep learning-based solutions, articulate challenges unique to the modality, and discuss novel approaches developed in response to those challenges, concluding with the proposal of future directions in the field. Given the generally observed ephemerality of the best deep learning approaches (i.e. the extremely quick succession of the SoTA), the main contributions of the paper are its contextualization of modern deep learning architectures with historical background and the elucidation of the current trajectory of volumetric medical image segmentation research.
External morphology and habitat preferences of Ephippiochthonius tetrachelatus and E. kewi (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae)

All available Danish Ephippiochthonius Beier, 1930 material was examined in this study to investigate if some specimens conform to E. kewiGabbutt, 1966, a species previously not reported from Denmark. Specimens were sorted into four groups by number of microsetae (0–3) present along the posterior border of the cephalothorax. The distribution of each group was mapped and related to recorded habitat, chaetotaxy of genital opercula, number of preocular microsetae and colouration of the cephalothorax. It was possible to assign most specimens of the four groups to two taxa conforming to E. kewi and E. tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790), thus both species are members of the Danish fauna. The grey-brown and strictly coastal E. kewi inhabits sheltered coasts throughout Denmark, while the yellow-brown E. tetrachelatus shows a distinct south-eastern distribution and is found at both inland and coastal sites. Chaetotaxy of the genital opercula did not differ between females of the two species, but for males it was found that E. tetrachelatus has a statistically significant higher proportion of specimens with 11 rather than 10 setae on the anterior genital operculum compared to E. kewi. The most frequent configuration of preocular microsetae in both species is two on each side, but E. kewi has significantly fewer (average a lower mean of microsetae) compared to E. tetrachelatus. The variation in chaetotaxy of the cephalothorax is limited in each species in those regions where species distributions do not overlap. But in regions with overlapping distributions, like south-eastern Denmark, some populations exhibited a higher variability in chaetotaxy which could be due to local hybridisation events. These assumed hybrids are grey-brown as E. kewi, but possess the habitat preferences of E. tetrachelatus which may explain why they are not strictly coastal, but usually found near the coast. Ephippiochthonius tetrachelatus is frequently introduced from abroad, resulting in establishment of at least temporary populations in garden centres and botanical gardens. A limited number of Ephippiochthonius specimens from Sweden were also examined and it appears that both species are present in this material as well.
Experiences, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Female Adjunct Clinical Instructors in Teaching Male Prelicensure Nursing Students.

ABSTRACT Male students often report experiencing barriers during nursing education, resulting in decreased retention and success. Clinical instructors are one influence that potentially deters men in nursing. This qualitative study interviewed female clinical instructors about their experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of teaching males. The results reveal a general acceptance of males, with hesitation and ambivalence from some clinical instructors. Further training for clinical instructors, education of the public, and recruitment of more males into education are suggested to improve male student outcomes.
Management of Urosymphyseal Fistula and Pelvic Osteomyelitis: A Comprehensive Institutional Experience and Improvements in Pain Control.

Abstract Background Urosymphyseal fistula (USF) is an uncommon but painful and devastating condition typically occurring after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancy, with a delayed diagnosis and a risk of opioid dependence. Objective To characterize our institutional experience and determine the impact of intervention for USF on pain control and opioid use. Design, setting, and participants We evaluated data for 33 adult patients diagnosed with USF and managed at a quaternary institution between 2009 and 2021. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis We assessed chronic opioid use, pain scores, prior therapy for pelvic malignancy, prior endoscopic procedures, microbiology and histology congruence, and postoperative complications. For comparative analyses we used a χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables. Results and limitations Nearly 94% of the patients had received prior pelvic radiotherapy and >80% occurred in 2016–2021 but were not diagnosed until a median of 10 mo (interquartile range [IQR] 3.5–19.5) following endoscopic procedure(s). Osteomyelitis was suspected in 78.8% of imaging reports and nearly 70% had a positive preoperative urine culture. Over 90% of patients underwent cystectomy, pubic bone debridement or resection, and a soft-tissue pedicle flap. Preoperative urine cultures were concordant with 60% of intraoperative tissue/bone cultures. Histologic osteomyelitis was identified in 85% and concordant with 80% of preoperative imaging. Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3 complications occurred in 15.6%. The median pain score decreased from 4 (IQR 0–8) preoperatively to 0 (IQR 0) postoperatively (p Conclusions Pelvic osteomyelitis may complicate USF and commonly manifests with severe, persistent pain. USF incidence may be increasing or at least increasingly recognized, but diagnosis is delayed. Definitive management results in significant improvements in pain perception and a decrease in chronic opioid use. Patient summary We examined features of urinary fistulas, which are abnormal openings or connections between part of the urinary tract and another structure. Patients with a urinary fistula involving the pelvic bones can present with severe pain, but diagnosis of the condition is often delayed. Removal of some pelvic bone with bladder removal or repair can result in a decrease in long-term pain and in the use of opioid drugs for pain relief.
Identifying diverse forms of (un)healthy sleep: Sleep profiles differentiate adults' psychological and physical well-being

Abstract Rationale Sleep health is best described by the co-occurrence of various dimensions (e.g., regularity, daytime alertness, satisfaction, efficiency, duration) but is rarely measured this way. Information is needed regarding common within-person patterns of sleep characteristics among adults and their relative healthiness. Objective To deepen understanding of healthy and unhealthy sleep, the present study aimed to uncover multidimensional sleep profiles in adults and their associations with a variety of psychological and physical well-being outcomes. Methods Survey data from 4622 adults who participated in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) project was used to identify latent sleep profiles across five core sleep dimensions. Adjusting for individual sleep dimensions and sociodemographic covariates, General Linear Models were used to test the associations of sleep profile membership with hedonic and eudemonic well-being and chronic physical conditions. Results Four latent sleep profiles were revealed, good sleepers, sufficient but irregular sleepers, nappers, and short, dissatisfied, and inefficient sleepers. The profiles differentially related to well-being outcomes above and beyond individual sleep dimensions and sociodemographic covariates. Good sleepers generally reported the best outcomes, and short, dissatisfied, and inefficient sleepers generally reported the worst outcomes. Conclusion Four common sleep profiles describe adults' holistic sleep experiences and predict a variety of well-being outcomes beyond other known predictors. In adulthood, healthy sleep may involve sufficient sleep across all dimensions whereas unhealthy sleep may involve insufficient sleep across three key dimensions: duration, satisfaction, and efficiency.
Contribution for discussion: A mathematical model of aortic valve vibration

A considerable amount of data has now been accumulated which clearly shows that the second heart sound is produced by diastolic vibration of the closed aortic and pulmonary valves (5, 6, 8). An understanding of the physical and physiological basis of production of the second heart sound has led to a better understanding of several auscultatory observations (8, 9), thereby permitting a more refined interpretation of some aspects of cardiac auscultation. Identification of the precise mechanism of production of the second heart sound has led to the prospective development of diagnostic techniques based upon the predicted behaviour of the heart sounds under various pathophysiological conditions. In particular, knowing that the stiffening of a structure raises its natural frequency enabled the prediction that the frequency of the second sound would increase as the valve stiffened due to disease. Analysis of the frequency content of the heart sound has confirmed this prediction (8, 10, 11) and has led to a diagnostic indicator of pathological stiffening of porcine bioprosthetic valves. This may serve as an early indicator of bioprosthetic valve degeneration.
Ring Current‐Plasmasphere Coupling Through Coulomb Collisions

In the ring current-plasmasphere region, two plasma populations interact with each other via multiple processes, such as Coulomb collisions and waveparticle interactions. In this paper, the consequences of coupling between ring current ions and the plasmasphere through Coulomb collisions are examined. A kinetic Ring Current-Atmosphere Interaction Model (RAM) has been used to solve the temporal evolution of the ring current ion distribution and obtain the instantaneous ring current heating to the plasmasphere through Coulomb collisions. A buildup of low-energy (< 1 keV) ion population is found as a result of energy degradation of ring current ions in a background of thermal plasma. The "drift-holes" in the ring current ion energy spectra are also somewhat smoothed out by Coulomb interactions. Energy transferred from ring current ions to the plasmasphere is a source of plasma heating and results in enhanced plasma temperatures at high altitudes. The ion temperatures calculated from the FLIP (Field Line Interhemispheric Plasma) model, taking into account the additional heat source from the ring current, appear to be consistent with the enhanced ion temperatures observed in the high altitude regime.
Non-covalent phosphorylcholine coating reduces protein adsorption and phagocytic uptake of microparticles

Phosphorylcholine co-polymer was assembled on model polystyrene microparticles through a simple, widely-applicable ethanol coating process. The coating rendered particles resistant to protein adsorption and phagocytosis by macrophages, making it useful for a range of biological applications.