cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A primer on emergency response for electrical safety professionals

This paper provides electrical safety professionals with a general overview of the emergency response process to better prepare them to work with emergency response teams or fire brigades. This paper will explore how an emergency response team works, their function, and their authority. Emergency response planning, knowledge, and skills are required to appropriately and safely address the electrical hazards and the consequences of personnel exposure to electrical energy. Emergency response is a critical, yet often not well considered, element in any electrical safety program. Having a good understanding of emergency response teams and their work will greatly improve an electrical safety professional's ability work with emergency response teams to affect practical, safe, and effective responses to electrical related incidents.
The Effects of Online Professional Development on Fourth Grade English Language Arts Teachers' Knowledge and Instructional Practices.

Online professional development (OPD) has great potential to improve teacher quality by improving teachers' knowledge and instructional practices, with the ultimate goal of improving student achiev...
Modeling of grain boundary transmission, emission, absorption and overall crystalline behavior in Σ1, Σ3, and Σ17b bicrystals

A dislocation-density grain–boundary (GB) interaction scheme for face-centered cubic bicrystals with three coincident site lattice boundaries was developed to account for the interrelated dislocation-density interactions of GB emission, absorption, and transmission. The proposed GB scheme was coupled to a dislocation-density multiple-slip crystalline plasticity formulation and specialized finite-element algorithms to account for behavior on the microstructural scale. A conservation law for dislocation densities was also used to balance dislocation-density absorption, transmission, and emission within the GB region. The predictions indicated that GB absorption increases are due to increases in immobile dislocation densities in high-angle GBs without coplanar slip planes and collinear slip directions, such as Σ17b. Low-angle GBs with coplanar slip planes and collinear slip directions are characterized by high transmission rates and insignificant GB dislocation-density accumulations. GB processes such as emission, absorption, and transmission are directly related to microstructural behavior and can be potentially controlled for desired material response.
EEG AMPLITUDE ASYMMETRY RELATED TO THE FIELD‐DEPENDENCE‐INDEPENDENCE COGNITIVE STYLE

SUMMARY Right/left ratios of integrated EEG amplitudes were computed for 9 field-dependent and 8 field-independent male college-age subjects. EEG's were recorded during performance of several cognitive tasks. Results indicated that field-dependent subjects showed relatively greater left-hemisphere activation, while field-independent subjects showed the reverse, i.e., relatively greater right-hemisphere activation. These results are consistent with earlier findings linking relative right-hemisphere activation with higher spatial ability.
Isolation and Analysis of Three Peroxide Sensor Regulatory Gene Homologs ahpC, ahpX and oxyR in Streptomyces viridosporus T7A -A Lignocellulose Degrading Actinomycete

Increased lignolytic peroxidase activity has been demonstrated with the addition of sublethal doses of toxic H2O2 in Streptomyces viridosporus T7A. Until now, the effect of H2O2 at the molecular level has not been well characterized. Here, for the first time we report the isolation and analysis of three peroxide-induced gene homologs from S. viridosporus T7A; ahpC and ahpX (encoding alkyl hydroxyperoxidase subunits) and oxyR (encoding oxygen stress regulatory protein). The genome organization of these stress related genes were found to be divergently adjacent to each other. The protein sequence analysis of the oxyR homolog revealed a helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif characteristic to the LysR of regulatory proteins induced by H2O2. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the intergenic region between ahpC and oxyR revealed that they shared a core T-n11-A, a signature protein-binding region of LysR family members. Based on similarities in sequence analysis, genetic organization, and the induction of lignin peroxidase activity upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide, we hypothesize a peroxide induction mechanism for the regulation of oxidative lignin biodegradation by S. viridosporus, possibly via use of OxyR which is also involved in regulating the peroxide stress response in this actinomycete.
The Golinskii-Ibragimov method and a theorem of Damanik and Killip

In 1971, Golinskii and Ibragimov proved that if the Verblunsky coefficients, {α_n}_n^∞ = 0, of a measure dμ on ∂D obey ∑_(n=0)^∞^n│α_n│^2 < ∞, then the singular part, dμs, of dμ vanishes. We show how to use extensions of their ideas to discuss various cases where ∑_(n=0)^N^n│α_n│^2 diverges logarithmically. As an application, we provide an alternative to a part of the proof of a recent theorem of Damanik and Killip.
Molecular biology underlying the clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer: an update.

Abstract Context.—Recent studies have uncovered a number of possible mechanisms by which prostate cancers can become resistant to systemic androgen deprivation, most involving androgen-independent reactivation of the androgen receptor. Genome-wide expression analysis with microarrays has identified a wide array of genes that are differentially expressed in metastatic prostate cancers compared to primary nonrecurrent tumors. Recently, recurrent gene fusions between TMPRSS2 and ETS family genes have been identified and extensively studied for their role in prostatic carcinoma. Objective.—To review the recent developments in the molecular biology of prostate cancer, including those pertaining to the androgen receptor and the newly identified TMPRSS2-related translocations. Data Sources.—Literature review and personal experience. Conclusions.—Prostatic adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with a broad spectrum of pathologic and molecular characteristics and clinical behaviors. Numerous mechani...
Accident Modification Factors for Medians on Freeways and Multilane Rural Highways in Texas

With the growing demand for safer streets and highways, state and national transportation agencies are investigating the relationships between roadway characteristics and crashes. The objective of this study was to develop accident modification factors (AMFs) for median characteristics on urban and rural freeways and on rural multilane highways. Data available for use in the evaluation included 458 mi of with-barrier segments (primarily urban, with some rural sites), 359 mi of urban without-barrier segments, and 436 mi of rural without-barrier segments. A series of negative binomial regression models was used to determine the effects of independent variables on crashes. Variables considered in developing the base models included average daily traffic, left-shoulder width, barrier offset, median (with shoulder) width, and pole density. Crashes were examined in relation to median crashes for 5 years (1997 to 2001). An AMF represents the change in safety when a particular geometric design element changes in size from one value to another. In this project, the AMFs were estimated directly from the coefficients of the models. This approach for AMF development assumes that (a) each AMF is independent because the model parameters are assumed to be independent, and (b) the change in crash frequency is exponential. AMF equations were developed for urban and rural medians with rigid barriers, urban medians without barriers, and rural medians without barriers.
Image quality, tissue heating, and frame rate trade-offs in acoustic radiation force impulse imaging

The real-time application of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging requires both short acquisition times for a single ARFI image and repeated acquisition of these frames. Due to the high energy of pulses required to generate appreciable radiation force, however, repeated acquisitions could result in substantial transducer face and tissue heating. We describe and evaluate several novel beam sequencing schemes which, along with parallel-receive acquisition, are designed to reduce acquisition time and heating. These techniques reduce the total number of radiation force impulses needed to generate an image and minimize the time between successive impulses. We present qualitative and quantitative analyses of the trade-offs in image quality resulting from the acquisition schemes. Results indicate that these techniques yield a significant improvement in frame rate with only moderate decreases in image quality. Tissue and transducer face heating resulting from these schemes is assessed through finite element method modeling and thermocouple measurements. Results indicate that heating issues can be mitigated by employing ARFI acquisition sequences that utilize the highest track-to-excitation ratio possible.
The Scattering of Light by Water

By means of a quartz spectrograph and recording densitometer measurements were made throughout the spectral region from 5790 to 2536A of the relative intensities of light scattered by pure water. The scattering coefficient was found to increase with decreasing wave-length in fair agreement with the λ−4f(μ) expression of the density fluctuation theory.
Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers to Teach with Technology: Getting Past Go in Science and Mathematics

We are teacher educators (in elementary science and mathematics) who are enthusiastic about technology as a teaching tool – though it is as new to us as it is to our university colleagues. We recently led a United States Department of Education Preparing Tomorrow’s Teachers to Use Technology (PT3) grant project entitled TechLinks. In an effort to encourage peer faculty members to connect methods instruction with current technology initiatives (namely the International Society for Technology Education [ISTE], 2000, and the National Council on Accreditation of Teacher Education [NCATE], 1997), TechLinks provided faculty fellowships – $1,000 for equipment and materials and a technology assistant who provided just-in-time learning for up to six interested faculty members each year. This development money helped to generate a community of teacher educators who not only began to appreciate the power of teaching with technology but recognized new-found confidence in technology knowledge and skills. As members of this group ourselves, we developed a number of ideas for integrating technology into science and mathematics methods courses. We created a number of course assignments that incorporated technology teaching applications – helping future teachers learn about good science and mathematics teaching methods and new technology tools simultaneously. This article is intended to share examples of successful technology applications with others and to propose the usefulness of the Flick and Bell (2000) guidelines.
Measuring Worker Cognitions about Parents of Children with Mental and Emotional Disabilities.

The development of an instrument for assessing workers' beliefs about parents of children receiving mental health--related services is presented. The instrument contributes to the study of parent--provider collaboration, an area that has received increasing attention in the field of child mental health. Test-retest reliability and confirmatory factor analysis are reported. Five factors emerged: parent blame, giving information, parent validation, use of psychotropic medications, and instructing parents how to help their children. Multiple regression of each factor on demographic variables and on respondents' preferred theoretical orientations showed differences in beliefs about parents among workers who endorsed psycho-dynamic, family systems, cognitive--behavioral, neuropsychological, or existential--humanistic models.
The ideal neurosurgical training curriculum

There are two aspects to the development of an ideal curriculum for neurosurgical training which are fundamental to curriculum structure. Of course, local considerations may change specific sequences so the ideal curriculum is always more theoretical than practical. What is important is not to slavishly follow any guidelines for sequencing material but to understand the concepts of competency-based training as a way to assure the competency of training program graduates and to prepare them for the next phase of postgraduate medical education which leads to mastery of our field [9].
Geometric Buckling of Elliptical Cylinder

Research by Gast and Bournia on nuclear reactor cores in the form of elliptical cylinders is revisited. Derivations are presented, and data are extended in scope and accuracy. Findings on asymptotic series for constants needed in the evaluation of Mathieu functions are reported, along with accurate alternative techniques. Geometric bucklings are expressed in terms of circular cylinders with equivalent surface-to-volume ratios in a form that allows easy interpolation from tables. The estimation of extrapolation distances at boundaries of elliptical systems is addressed. Applications considered include a possible research reactor, the damage of fuel storage/shipping casks, and decommissioning of the damaged Windscale reactor.
Sugammadex: A Comprehensive Review of the Published Human Science, Including Renal Studies

Although neuromuscular block (NMB) allows immobility for airway management and surgical exposure, termination of its effect is limited by and associated with side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Sugammadex is a selective relaxant binding agent that has been shown to reverse deep NMB, even when administered 3 minutes following a 1.2 mg/kg dose of rocuronium. This novel drug is a modified gamma cyclodextrin, that through encapsulation process terminates the effects of rocuronium and vecuronium (aminosteroid muscle relaxants), and enables the anesthesiologists rapidly to reverse profound NMB induced by rocuronium or vecuronium, in a "can't ventilate, can't intubate" crisis. In this review, data from published phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials are reviewed and presented. In addition, clinical trials on special patient populations (patients with pulmonary disease and renal insufficiency) are evaluated. Each article reviewed will conclude with a discussion of relevance, focus on adverse event profile, and clinical usefulness.
An easy method to monitor lactide polymerization with a boron fluorescent probe.

Fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to monitor different polymer processes such as polymerization kinetics, chain entanglements, and thermal transitions. The solvent-free controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide is significant both commercially and for research; thus, monitoring this process with a simple fluorescence method can be very useful. Here, a fluorescent dye, difluoroboron 4-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BF2dbmOMe) is employed to probe lactide bulk ROP by measuring the emission from solidified reaction aliquots at room temperature. It was found that, through the course of polymerization, the fluorescence of BF2dbmOMe in the solid-state aliquots exhibited a systematic shift from yellow to green and then to blue, accompanied by a gradual reduction in the decay lifetime. The fluorescence color change is sensitive to the monomer percent conversion, not the polymer molecular weight. On the basis of these observations and experimental data, we propose that the long-wavelength emis...
VENO-ARTERIAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION AS A BRIDGE TO RIGHT VENTRICULAR RECOVERY FOLLOWING FAILURE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IN RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE ACCOMPANYING PULMONARY EMBOLECTOMY

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used as a bridge to thrombolysis and embolectomy in massive pulmonary embolism. The role of right ventricle assist device (RVAD) and appropriate utility of ECMO in right ventricular (RV) failure during pulmonary embolectomy is not well described.
Design and functionalization of responsive hydrogels for photonic crystal biosensors

Photonic crystals embedded in analyte responsive hydrogels provide a powerful platform for biosensing and have benefitted from recent advances in polymer synthesis and functionalization, nanofabrication, and optical characterization. In this review, state-of-the-art techniques for the fabrication and functionalization of photonic crystal hydrogels are presented, along with a fundamental description of how such materials transduce detection of a target analyte into a simple optical readout. Specific biosensing applications using photonic crystal hydrogels are highlighted, including for the detection of DNA hybridization and single-site DNA modifications, enzyme activity, and small molecule metabolites. Moreover, perspectives on using molecular-level interactions to design and engineer more sensitive or more selective biosensors, as well as future directions in this expanding field, are discussed.
American Zen's “Japan Connection”: A Critical Case Study of Zen Buddhism's Diffusion to the West

Participant observation data from both Japan and the United States are used to correct the common argument in the sociology of religion that Zen Buddhism in America is mainly a deviant cult response to personal strains resulting from various social discontinuities and conflicts. While such explanations do shed light on the recruitment of some participants in new religious groups, they suffer from being exaggerated and from being historically and cross-culturally incomplete. The present analysis argues that the emergence of organized Zen in America must also be understood as the result of a process of culture diffusion of Mahayana Buddhism from East Asia to North America since World War II. This process has also involved a sectarian reformation of Zen in the course of its diffusion from Japan, suggesting that American Zen may be better understood as a sectarian rather than a "cult" movement. Data are provided by the author's accompaniment of an American Zen Master on his travels in Japan for the purpose of official confirmation by the Soto Sect as a Zen priest and teacher. Visits to numerous temples in the American priest's lineage provided extensive illustration of the reality of Zen's cultural and institutional diffusion to North America, of the ancient and traditional origins of this "new" American religion, and of the reformation it has undergone during its transplantation from East to West. The article concludes with an outline of a six-stage culture diffusion model for future research.
Identification of beta-lactam antibiotics in tissue samples containing unknown microbial inhibitors.

Antibiotic residues in animal tissues can be detected by various screening tests based on microbial inhibition. In the 7-plate assay used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), penicillinase is incorporated into all but one plate to distinguish beta-lactam antibiotics from other types. However, beta-lactams such as cloxacillin and the cephalosporins are resistant to degradation by penicillinase. They may not be identified as beta-lactams by this procedure, and thus, they may be identified as unidentified microbial inhibitors (UMIs). However, these penicillinase-resistant compounds can be degraded by other beta-lactamases. The present study describes an improved screening protocol to identify beta-lactam antibiotics classified as UMIs. A multiresidue liquid chromatographic procedure based on a method for determining beta-lactams in milk was also used to identify and quantitate residues. The 2 methods were tested with 24 tissue FSIS samples classified as containing UMIs. Of these, 3 contained penicillin G, including one at a violative level, and 5 contained a metabolite of ceftiofur. The others were negative for beta-lactam antibiotics.
Mehr Lebensqualität mit modernen Antipsychotika

Obwohl moderne Antipsychotika wirksam und im Unterschied zu herkommlichen Neuroleptika besser vertraglich sind, werden sie in Deutschland und Europa nur bei etwa einem Drittel der Schizophreniepatienten verordnet. Eine europaische Umfrage unter Psychiatern und Patienten untersuchte die Grunde [1].
Designing classifier architectures using information theory

An architecture for hypothesis testing systems is analyzed using tools from information theory. The classifier architecture consists of a Markov Chain of statistical signal processing blocks. As part of the analysis, a mathematical framework for tradeoff studies among system components is introduced.
Secondary structure propensity and chirality of the amyloidophilic peptide p5 and its analogues impacts ligand binding - In vitro characterization

Abstract Background Polybasic helical peptides, such as peptide p5, bind human amyloid extracts and synthetic amyloid fibrils. When radiolabeled, peptide p5 has been shown to specifically bind amyloid in vivo thereby allowing imaging of the disease. Structural requirements for heparin and amyloid binding have been studied using analogues of p5 that modify helicity and chirality. Methods Peptide-ligand interactions were studied using CD spectroscopy and solution-phase binding assays with radiolabeled p5 analogues. The interaction of a subset of peptides was further studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. Results Disruption of the peptide helical structure reduced peptide binding to heparin and human amyloid extracts. The all-D enantiomer and the β-sheet-structured peptide bound all substrates as well as, or better than, p5. The interaction of helical and β-sheet structured peptides with Aβ fibrils was modeled and shown to involve both ionic and non-ionic interactions. Conclusions The α-helical secondary structure of peptide p5 is important for heparin and amyloid binding; however, helicity is not an absolute requirement as evidenced by the superior reactivity of a β-sheet peptide. The differential binding of the peptides with heparin and amyloid fibrils suggests that these molecular interactions are different. The all-D enantiomer of p5 and the β-sheet peptide are candidates for amyloid targeting reagents in vivo. General Significance Efficient binding of polybasic peptides with amyloid is dependent on the linearity of charge spacing in the context of an α-helical secondary structure. Peptides with an α-helix or β-sheet propensity and with similar alignment of basic residues is optimal.
Molecular recognition at cholinergic synapses: acetylcholine versus choline.

Key points Neuromuscular acetylcholine (ACh) receptors have a high affinity for the neurotransmitter ACh and a low affinity for its metabolic product choline. At each transmitter binding site three aromatic groups determine affinity, and together provide ∼50% more binding energy for ACh than for choline. Deprotonation of αY190 by a nearby lysine strengthens the interaction between this aromatic ring and both ACh and choline. H-bonds position ACh and choline differently in the aromatic cage to generate the different affinities. Abstract Acetylcholine (ACh) released at the vertebrate nerve-muscle synapse is hydrolysed rapidly to choline (Cho), so endplate receptors (AChRs) are exposed to high concentrations of both of these structurally related ligands. To understand how these receptors distinguish ACh and Cho, we used single-channel electrophysiology to measure resting affinities (binding free energies) of these and other agonists in adult-type mouse AChRs having a mutation(s) at the transmitter-binding sites. The aromatic rings of αY190, αW149 and αY198 each provide ∼50% less binding energy for Cho compared to ACh. At αY198 a phenylalanine substitution had no effect, but at αY190 this substitution caused a large, agonist-independent loss in binding energy that depended on the presence of αK145. The results suggest that (1) αY190 is deprotonated by αK145 to strengthen the interaction between this benzene ring and the agonist's quaternary ammonium (QA) and (2) AChRs respond strongly to ACh because an H-bond positions the QA to interact optimally with the rings, and weakly to Cho because a different H-bond tethers the ligand to misalign the QA and form weaker interactions with the aromatic groups. The results suggest that the difference in ACh versus Cho binding energies is determined by different ligand positions within a fixed protein structure.
Impacts of compact growth and electric vehicles on future air quality and urban exposures may be mixed

'Smart' growth and electric vehicles are potential solutions to the negative impacts of worldwide urbanization on air pollution and health. However, the effects of planning strategies on distinct types of pollutants, and on human exposures, remain understudied. The goal of this work was to investigate the potential impacts of alternative urban designs for the area around Tampa, Florida USA, on emissions, ambient concentrations, and exposures to oxides of nitrogen (NOx), 1,3-butadiene, and benzene. We studied three potential future scenarios: sprawling growth, compact growth, and 100% vehicle fleet electrification with compact growth. We projected emissions in the seven-county region to 2050 based on One Bay regional visioning plan data. We estimated pollutant concentrations in the county that contains Tampa using the CALPUFF dispersion model. We applied residential population projections to forecast acute (highest hour) and chronic (annual average) exposure. The compact scenario was projected to result in lower regional emissions of all pollutants than sprawl, with differences of -18%, -3%, and -14% for NOx, butadiene, and benzene, respectively. Within Hillsborough County, the compact form also had lower emissions, concentrations, and exposures than sprawl for NOx (-16%/-5% for acute/chronic exposures, respectively), but higher exposures for butadiene (+41%/+30%) and benzene (+21%/+9%). The addition of complete vehicle fleet electrification to the compact scenario mitigated these in-county increases for the latter pollutants, lowering predicted exposures to butadiene (-25%/-39%) and benzene (-5%/-19%), but also resulted in higher exposures to NOx (+81%/+30%) due to increased demand on power plants. These results suggest that compact forms may have mixed impacts on exposures and health. 'Smart' urban designs should consider multiple pollutants and the diverse mix of pollutant sources. Cleaner power generation will also likely be needed to support aggressive adoption of electric vehicles.
Failure to maintain set as a predictor of childhood depression within a children's psychiatric inpatient sample

Despite a wealth of studies in adults and adolescents, only a handful of studies have examined executive function in childhood depression. This study utilized retrospective chart review of a children's psychiatric inpatient program to evaluate executive function via Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in 33 children (6-12 years old) with a depressive disorder and 61 age/sex-matched children without a depressive disorder referred for neuropsychological evaluation. WCST categories, perseverative errors, and failure to maintain set errors were examined as potential predictors of depressive disorder diagnosis and self-reported depressive symptoms. After controlling for age, length of hospital stay, and ADHD, failure to maintain set significantly predicted depressive disorder diagnosis. Failure to maintain set was also significantly associated with self-reported depressive symptoms. Current findings provide preliminary evidence to suggest that failure to maintain set may reflect a core deficit of childhood depression. While findings are preliminary, this may have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood depression.
Link Error impact on MPEG video over Wireless Broadband Networks

This paper examines the transmission of MPEG video over high error rate links such wireless links. We present results showing the effect of transmission errors on MPEG streams and suggest an algorithm based on a combination of Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) as a way to minimize its effects. We introduce a packet tagging technique that takes into account the particular semantic of MPEG flows to explicitly tell the network, both wired and wireless, which packets should necessarily be delivered correctly.
Lgr5 is a marker for fetal mammary stem cells, but is not essential for stem cell activity or tumorigenesis.

The search for the bipotent mammary stem cells that drive mammary development requires markers to enable their prospective isolation. There is general agreement that bipotent mouse mammary stem cells are abundant in late fetal development, but their existence in the adult is vigorously debated. Among markers useful for mammary stem cell identification, the Wnt co-receptor Lgr5 has been suggested by some to be both “necessary and sufficient” for bipotency and transplantation of adult mammary stem cell activity, though other studies disagree. Importantly, the relevance of Lgr5 to the bipotency of fetal mammary stem cells has not been studied. We show here that expression of a fluorescent protein driven by the endogenous Lgr5 promoter enables significant fetal mammary stem cell enrichment. We used lineage tracing to demonstrate embryonic cells expressing Lgr5 are bipotent, while their adult counterparts are myoepithelial restricted. Importantly, our data conclusively demonstrate that Lgr5 is dispensable for both fetal and adult mammary stem cell activity and for the development of mammary tumors. A protein considered necessary for mammary stem cell activity turns out to be dispensable. What’s more, it’s not required for tumor development either. Geoffrey Wahl, Christy Trejo, and colleagues from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, CA, USA, investigated whether the expression of a protein called Lgr5 denotes mammary stem cells and whether it’s truly needed for the cells to be capable of giving rise to two cell lineages—a subject of active debate among researchers. Wahl’s team showed that mouse fetal mammary stem cells expressing Lgr5 had this dual-lineage capacity; their counterparts in the adult mouse did not. Yet, even though Lgr5 expression marks a population of fetal mammary stem cells, the protein is not required for stem cell activity or for tumors to form in a mouse model of breast cancer.
Using Video of Peer Teaching to Examine Grades 6–12 Preservice Teachers’ Noticing

In this chapter, I describe what features secondary (6–12) mathematics preservice teachers (PSTs) identified as noteworthy in lessons taught by their peers in the context of a methods course. PSTs planned, taught, and reflected on at least two lessons from middle and high school reform-oriented materials taught to their peers across two semesters. Lessons were recorded and uploaded to VoiceThread, a web-based application that enables users to comment on video and these comments served as data for this study. Results indicated that across the two semesters, PSTs most frequently identified aspects related to communication, mathematics content, and classroom management with less evidence of attention to classroom environment and tasks. Although PSTs more often noted teacher talk or actions, rather than student talk or actions, the percentage of comments related to student talk or actions increased in the second semester. These results are significant in that they illustrate that PSTs can identify noteworthy features of classroom instruction and this assignment served as an opportunity for PSTs to do this.
What is opposition good for

Governments in representative democracies may have incentives to pursue policies that do not align with voters’ preferences. When voters lack information about the policy bias of the government and...
Head field design and track edge characteristics in heat assisted magnetic recording

Transition curvature in heat assisted magnetic recording presents significant limitation from reaching desired track densities and linear densities [1][2].
Digital Health for Medication Adherence in Adult Diabetes or Hypertension: An Integrative Review

Background: Optimal management of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, often include prescription medications. Medication adherence (MA) is one component of self-management. Optimization through digital health—eHealth and mHealth—could enhance patient awareness and/or communication between the patient and provider. Objective: Medication adherence is a major issue that affects 50%-60% of chronically ill adults. Digital health refers to eHealth and mHealth, collectively, and as these technologies become more accessible, remote health delivery is increasingly available as an adjunct to improve medication adherence; communicate with patients and providers; and provide education to patients, families, and communities. The objective of this integrative review was to examine the types of digital health technologies that targeted medication adherence in the adult population with diabetes or hypertension. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using databases within EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus. Eligible studies available as of September 2016 had to be written in English, had to contain digital health interventions to improve medication adherence to prescription medications in adults 18 years or older, and had to focus on diabetes or hypertension. Results: Of the 337 located studies, 13 (3.9%) used a digital health intervention for medication adherence to prescribed medications for diabetes or hypertension and were assessed according to the Chronic Care Model. Conclusions: The 13 studies included in this review found no conclusive evidence of improved medication adherence using digital health interventions such as interactive voice response (IVR), short message service (SMS) text messaging, telemonitoring, and interactive software technology. Among the 13 studies were digital health interventions that foster medication adherence via one-way communication to the patient or two-way communication between the patient and health care provider for adjunct medication adherence strategies. More research is needed to determine which digital health interventions are most beneficial for individuals with diabetes or hypertension.
Design of a generic, open platform for machine learning-assisted indexing and clustering of articles in PubMed, a biomedical bibliographic database

Many investigators have carried out text mining of the biomedical literature for a variety of purposes, ranging from the assignment of indexing terms to the disambiguation of author names. A common approach is to define positive and negative training examples, extract features from article metadata, and employ machine learning algorithms. At present, each research group tackles each problem from scratch, and in isolation of other projects, which causes redundancy and great waste of effort. Here, we propose and describe the design of a generic platform for biomedical text mining, which can serve as a shared resource for machine learning projects, and can serve as a public repository for their outputs. We will initially focus on a specific goal, namely, classifying articles according to Publication Type, and emphasize how feature sets can be made more powerful and robust through the use of multiple, heterogeneous similarity measures as input to machine learning models. We then discuss how the generic platform can be extended to include a wide variety of other machine learning based goals and projects, and can be used as a public platform for disseminating the results of NLP tools to end-users as well.
Infection following strabismus surgery.

Purpose of review To provide the most up to date information on postoperative infection associated with strabismus surgery, its diagnosis, management, and prevention. Recent findings Recent studies show that topical povidone-iodide is effective in reducing the bacteria colony count at the incision site and preventing contamination during strabismus surgery. Repeating povidone-iodide 5% drops after surgical preparation and presoaking the sutures in povidone-iodide reduces bacterial contamination further. There is no single postoperative day that would be best to detect the onset of a postoperative infection. Infection can follow a normal postoperative visit. Summary Infection continues to be a concerning complication of strabismus surgery. Early detection and treatment is needed to obtain a good outcome. Patients and their families should be educated on the early signs and symptoms of postoperative infection and to contact their ophthalmologist if any occur.
Activating Student Voice through Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR): Policy-Making That Strengthens Urban Education Reform.

CC Vision – an urban education reform effort launched to strengthen the cradle-to-career education pipeline in Central City – provides the impetus for our use of youth participatory action research (YPAR) to gather and activate student voice in the fight for education justice. Student voice can significantly enhance the quality of policy designed to expand access to education opportunity for poor and/or youth of color attending urban schools. Fifteen youth from seven different high schools in the Central City metropolitan area spent 18 weeks participating in the Central City Youth Co-Researcher Project as co-researchers. We aim to demonstrate the tensions of facilitating YPAR projects with diverse youth, and the benefits of YPAR as a student voice initiative intended to bolster justice-oriented education research. The influence of their scholarship vis-a-vis YPAR on wide-scale education policy-making, and education reform, in Central City is discussed.
Risk of cancer in 10 – 19 mm endoscopically detected colorectal lesions

Background Recent data indicate that the risk of cancer in colorectal lesions Methods We reviewed a prospectively collected database of all colorectal lesions removed at a single endoscopy center in order to identify lesions of 10 – 19 mm in size and review their histology. Lesions ≥ 20 mm were evaluated as a control group. We reviewed photographs of cancerous lesions to determine the frequency of endoscopic features of cancer. Results A total of 5093 lesions ≥ 10 mm were removed from 4020 patients (mean age 63.2 years, 34.4 % female). Among 3068 lesions 10 – 19 mm in size, 28 (0.9 %) had adenocarcinoma, including 1.2 % of conventional adenomas and 0.3 % of serrated class lesions. These rates were lower than the 6.9 % and 2.0 % rates of cancer found in conventional adenomatous lesions and serrated lesions ≥ 20 mm, respectively. Cancer was suggested by endoscopic features in 52.0 % of malignancies 10 – 19 mm in size compared with 79.2 % of lesions ≥ 20 mm. Conclusions The prevalence of cancer in 10 – 19 mm colorectal lesions was much lower than previously reported. The cancer risk was higher in conventional adenomas than in serrated lesions. Cancer was endoscopically evident prior to resection in slightly more than half of colorectal lesions 10 – 19 mm in size.
Associations of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning-Inclusive Sex Education With Mental Health Outcomes and School-Based Victimization in U.S. High School Students.

Abstract Purpose Homophobic school climates are related to increased victimization for sexual minority youth (SMY), leading to increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. Interventions that promote positive school climate may reduce the risk of victimization and adverse mental health outcomes in SMY. This study explored whether lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ)–inclusive sex education is associated with adverse mental health and school-based victimization in U.S. youth. Methods Data analysis of representative data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the 2014 School Health Profiles was conducted using multilevel logistic models testing whether youth in states with higher proportions of schools teaching LGBTQ-inclusive sex education had lower odds of reporting being bullied in school and experiencing adverse mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms and suicidality. Results After controlling for covariates, protective effects for all youth were found for suicidal thoughts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: .91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .89–.93) and making a suicide plan (AOR: .79; 95% CI: .77–.80). Lesbian and gay youth had lower odds of experiencing bullying in school as the proportion of schools within a state teaching LGBTQ-inclusive sex education increased (AOR: .83; CI: .71–.97). Bisexual youth had significantly lower odds of reporting depressive symptoms (AOR: .92; 95% CI: .87–.98). Conclusions Students in states with a greater proportion of LGBTQ-inclusive sex education have lower odds of experiencing school-based victimization and adverse mental health. These findings can be used to guide intervention development at the school and state levels.
Hospital course of underweight youth with ARFID treated with a meal-based behavioral protocol in an inpatient-partial hospitalization program for eating disorders.

Objective Information on nutritional rehabilitation for underweight patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is scarce. This study characterized hospitalized youth with ARFID treated in an inpatient (IP)-partial hospitalization behavioral eating disorders (EDs) program employing an exclusively meal-based rapid refeeding protocol and compared weight restoration outcomes to those of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Method Data from retrospective chart review of consecutive underweight admissions (N = 275; age 11-26 years) with ARFID (n = 27) were compared to those with AN (n = 248) on clinical features, reason for discharge, and weight restoration variables. For patients with ARFID, presenting phenomenology was further characterized by detailed chart review. Results At admission, 53% of patients with ARFID were vomiting regularly. The predominant ARFID subtype was ARFID-aversive, with close to a third being mixed subtype. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology (81.5%) was the most commonly endorsed reason for restriction. A third had undergone unsuccessful parenteral or enteral tube feeding. Patients with ARFID were more likely male, had higher admission BMI, and slower IP weight gain (1.36 kg /week vs 1.92) compared to patients with AN. Fewer patients with ARFID transitioned to the partial hospitalization program, although the proportion discharged for clinical improvement did not differ and both groups had a mean program discharge BMI >18.5. Discussion GI symptoms appear a common contributor to restrictive eating amongst hospitalized youth with ARFID. Despite a slightly lower rate of IP weight gain, clinical improvement and weight restoration at discharge were similar for patients with ARFID compared to AN.
PLLA-infused citric acid-based bioresorbable vascular scaffolds 3D printed via microCLIP (Conference Presentation)

Recent development of high-resolution micro-Continuous Liquid Interface Production (microCLIP, continuous projection microstereolithography) process has enabled 3D printing of biomedical devices with 10 micron-scale precision. 3D bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were printed using an antioxidant, photopolymerizable citric acid-based material (B-InkTM). Despite demonstrating BVS fabrication feasibility, challenges remained. According to literature, a vascular stent when placed in the body must be able to sustain a pressure loading between 10.67kPa and 13.34kPa of pressure loading. To be clinically relevant, struts for vascular scaffolds need to possess very small thickness, 100um or below. Specifically, to improve our material strength/stiffness of our 3D printed BVSs, a dissolved PLLA nanophase (10%, wt./vol in Tetrahydrofuran) and secondary temperature-sensitive initiators (V70, 1wt.%) were added to the photopolymer resin. Through temperature-induced phase separation and solvent exchange, fibrous networks were incorporated through the B-Ink 3D matrix. Secondary initiators allowed for further crosslinkage of the matrix material. Introduction of PLLA nanophase/secondary initiators greatly improved bulk stiffness and yielded BVSs with 100um strut thickness that could sustain the necessary biological radial pressure loadings. This technology and photopolymerizable material is a large step forward toward on-the-spot and on-demand fabrication of patient specific BVSs.
Contingent Control and Wild Moments: Conducting Psychiatric Evaluations in the Home

When social control and social service workers go into the field, into the “native habitat” of some problem, a variety of tacit structures and controls that mark office work with its standardized documents and formal meetings are weakened or absent entirely. As a result, compared to office settings, social control work in field settings tends to become open, contingent, unpredictable, and on occasion even wild. This article provides a strategic case study of the distinctive features of social control decision-making in the field, drawing on observations of field work by psychiatric emergency teams (PET) from the 1970s. PET typically went to the homes of psychiatrically-troubled persons in order to conduct evaluations for involuntary mental hospitalization. This article will analyze the varied, situationally-sensitive practices these workers adopted to evaluate such patients in their own homes.
Teaching About Interdisciplinary Health Lesson Plans In Middle School And High School

As part of the study for potential teacher candidates in the California State University credentialing program, it is necessary to introduce these future middle school and high school teachers to a health framework and curricular issues involving teaching about adolescent health. These new teacher candidates are required by state law to have an understanding of what adolescence is, and comprehension about the health status of teens. They must also provide a healthy environment in which students can learn. Additionally, these teachers may teach health in the secondary arena.
Signatures of the core-powered mass-loss mechanism in the exoplanet population: dependence on stellar properties and observational predictions

Recent studies have shown that atmospheric mass-loss powered by the cooling luminosity of a planet's core can explain the observed radius valley separating super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, even without photoevaporation. In this work, we investigate the dependence of this core-powered mass-loss mechanism on stellar mass ($M_\ast$), metallicity ($Z_\ast$) and age ($\tau_\ast$). Without making any changes to the underlying planet population, we find that the core-powered mass-loss model yields a shift in the radius valley to larger planet sizes around more massive stars with a slope given by $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}M_\ast \simeq 0.35$, in agreement with observations. To first order, this slope is driven by the dependence of core-powered mass-loss on the bolometric luminosity of the host star and is given by $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}M_\ast \simeq (3\alpha-2)/36 \simeq 0.33$, where $(L_\ast/L_\odot) = (M_\ast/M_\odot)^\alpha$ is the stellar mass-luminosity relation and $\alpha\simeq 4.6$ for the CKS dataset. We therefore find, in contrast to photoevaporation models, no evidence for a linear correlation between planet and stellar mass, but can't rule it out either. In addition, we show that the location of the radius valley is, to first order, independent of stellar age and metallicity. Since core-powered mass-loss proceeds over Gyr timescales, the abundance of super-Earths relative to sub-Neptunes increases with age but decreases with stellar metallicity. Finally, due the dependence of the envelope's cooling timescale on metallicity, we find that the radii of sub-Neptunes increase with metallicity and decrease with age with slopes given by $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}Z_\ast \simeq 0.1$ and $\text{d log}R_p/\text{d log}\tau_\ast \simeq -0.1$, respectively. We conclude with a series of observational tests that can differentiate between core-powered mass-loss and photoevaporation models.