cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Physicochemical Properties of Organic Compounds from Molecular Structure

Relationships between molecular structure and biological activity or molecular structure and physical properties can be investigated for large sets of organic compounds using computer-assisted methods. Our research involves the design, implementation, testing, and application of computer software for the purpose of discovering structure-property and structure-activity relationships and thus developing the capability to predict properties for unknown compounds. The approach involves the graphical entry and storage of structures, three-dimensional molecular modeling, molecular structure descriptor generation, and analysis of the descriptors using pattern recognition methods or multivariate statistical methods. The computer-generated structural descriptors represent the molecules topologically (e.g., path counts, molecular connectivity), geometrically (e.g., molecular volume, surface area, principal moments), electronically (e.g., partial charges, bond orders), and physicochemically (e.g., log P, molar refractivity). A large, fully-integrated, interactive software system, called ADAPT for Automated Data Analysis and Pattern recognition Toolkit, has been developed to make such S AR and SPR research convenient. ADAPT is under continual development through the introduction of new molecular structure descriptors and new analysis methods. A number of successful studies have been reported in property prediction (prediction of boiling points of olefins, GC and HPLC retention indices, and simulation of 13C NMR chemical shifts) and in the structure-activity area (pharmaceutical drugs, olfactory stimulants, mutagens, carcinogens, anti-tumor drugs). Examples of current studies include: S AR of anti-tumor retinoids, carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds, HPLC retention indices of PACs and the importance of molecular shape, GC retention indices of polychlorinated biphenyls, 13C NMR simulation of substituted norbornanes.
Longitudinal Assessment of Balance and Gait After Concussion and Return to Play in Collegiate Athletes

Context In longitudinal studies tracking recovery after concussion, researchers often have not considered the timing of return to play (RTP) as a factor in their designs, which can limit the unders...
Retrospective evaluation of the route and timing of nutrition in dogs with septic peritonitis: 68 cases (2007-2016)

Objective To determine the impact of route of nutrition on length of hospitalization and survival to discharge in dogs with septic peritonitis. Design Retrospective study from 2007 to 2016. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Sixty-eight dogs with septic peritonitis that survived ≥48 hours. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Nutritional strategy was categorized into 1 of 4 groups: voluntary, feeding tube, parenteral (PN), and combined feeding tube and PN. Body weight, body condition score, time without caloric intake before and during hospitalization, length of hospitalization, and percentage of resting energy requirements provided during the first 3 days of nutritional support were recorded. Overall, 54/68 dogs survived (79%). Survival Prediction Index 2 scores were not significantly different between groups. Dogs receiving PN only were less likely to survive than those receiving any enteral nutrition (OR 9.7; 95CI 1.84-58.75). Compared to dogs not receiving PN, dogs receiving any PN were significantly less likely to survive (OR 9.66; 95% CI 1.7-105.8), and were in hospital significantly longer (P = 0.025). Metabolic complications associated with PN were frequent but not associated with increased length of hospitalization or survival to discharge. Conclusions Dogs with septic peritonitis that received any PN were in hospital longer and less likely to survive but may have been sicker than those receiving other forms of nutritional support. Further studies are warranted to evaluate reasons for worse outcomes in dogs with septic peritonitis receiving PN.
State-Sponsored Activism: Bureaucrats and Social Movements in Democratic Brazil

In State-Sponsored Activism, Rich explores AIDS policy in Brazil as a lens to offer new insight into state-society relations in democratic and post-neoliberal Latin America. In contrast to the dominant view that these dual transitions produced an atomized civil society and an impenetrable technocratic state, Rich finds a new model of interest politics, driven by previously marginalized state and societal actors. Through a rich examination of the Brazilian AIDS movement, one of the most influential movements in twenty-first century Latin America, this book traces the construction of a powerful new advocacy coalition between activist bureaucrats and bureaucratized activists. In so doing, State-Sponsored Activism illustrates a model whereby corporatism - active government involvement in civic mobilization - has persisted in contemporary Latin America, with important implications for representation and policymaking.
Observations on the nesting behavior ofMischocyttarus immarginatus (Rich.) (Vespidae: Hymenoptera) in a dry forest in Costa Rica

Mischocyttarus immarginatus often nests in association withPolybia occidentalis in the dry forest of Costa Rica. The establishment of twoM. immarginatus nests near a nest ofP. occidentalis was observed. There is competition for nesting sites by foundresses ofMischocyttarus, characterized by intense agonistic encounters. At established nests, the queens spend most of their time on the nests, constructing and inspecting nests and cells. Workers spend most of their time away from the nests. Sometimes, the queen forces a worker to leave the nest.
F-DIT-V: An Automated Video Classification Tool for Facial Weakness Detection

Facial weakness is a common presenting sign of several neurological diseases including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Bell's palsy. Tools to improve the accuracy of facial weakness detection can prompt quicker evaluation into these diseases possibly resulting in earlier diagnoses. In this study, we propose an automated video classification detection tool, Facial Deficit Identification Tool for Videos (F-DIT-V), for facial weakness detection. This tool exploits Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features to perform more accurate facial weakness detection for a given video. Using experimental data we demonstrate that F-DIT-V achieves a classification accuracy of 92.9%, precision of 93.6%, recall of 92.8%, and specificity of 94.2%. F-DIT-V is able to achieve higher and more reliable performance compared to existing (e.g. LBP-TOP, RNN-based) methods which are widely used in previous and current studies for facial weakness video classification. As the proposed camera-based analysis system requires no extra hardware, F-DIT-V could be implemented in a low-cost, portable, and easy to use format for generalizability to real world settings.
Mechanism of circadian clock. The 2017 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of humanity. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young ?for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.? It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. However, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals, including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model organisms and medical doctors, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review highlights critical milestones on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three Nobel Prize winners.
The Use of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Neuromuscular Hip Reconstruction: Can We Alter the Need for Blood Transfusion?

Background Children with neuromuscular complex chronic conditions (NMCCC) frequently undergo hip reconstruction surgery requiring blood transfusion. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirement in NMCCC children undergoing hip reconstruction surgery. Methods Children with NMCCC undergoing hip reconstruction surgery between 2013 and 2018 were identified. Two cohorts were identified: those who received TXA and those who did not. Patient and surgical characteristics between cohorts were used for propensity matching. Patients were matched on the basis of comorbid factors, bilateral involvement, pelvic osteotomy, open reduction, and surgeon. Comparative outcomes between cohorts were analyzed for intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results A total of 166 patients underwent hip surgery at an average of 9.6 years (SD, 4.0). Propensity matching utilized 72% of the cohort including 47 TXA and 72 non-TXA subjects. There were no differences in patient or surgical characteristics across matched groups. Fifteen (15/47, 32%) TXA subjects required a postoperative blood transfusion compared with the 47% (34/72) of non-TXA subjects who required a transfusion and intraoperative transfusion rates were similar between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in complication rate (TXA, 79%; non-TXA, 86%), reported estimated blood loss (median=200 mLfor both) or LOS (median=6 d for both). Hematocrit levels were slightly higher in TXA subjects intraoperatively (P=0.047), at the end of surgery (P=0.04), and for the overall lowest perioperative level (P=0.04). The overall percent loss of estimated blood volume was less for those who were given TXA compared with those who were not (P=0.001). Conclusions The use of TXA during hip reconstruction surgery in NMCCC children significantly reduced the percent loss of estimated blood volume and postoperative transfusion rate. Further prospective multicenter studies are needed to verify the positive effects and safety of TXA in the setting of hip reconstruction surgery in NMCCC children. Level of evidence Level III-retrospective comparative study.
History of sexual assault, past-year alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems in American Indian adolescents

Abstract American Indian (AI) adolescents have been found to experience higher rates of sexual violence, alcohol misuse, and alcohol-related consequences compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Adolescent alcohol use and sexual assault experiences have been linked to increased negative consequences across physical and mental health, school, work, and legal domains. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations among endorsing a history of experiencing sexual assault, past-year alcohol use, and experiences of alcohol-related problems, and to examine how these associations differed across sex, using a large, nationally-representative sample of reservation-dwelling AI adolescents. The present study utilized secondary data analysis of a sample of 3498 AI 7th to 12th grade students from a larger national epidemiological study. Participants completed The American Drug and Alcohol Survey™ to assess their alcohol use, sexual assault history, and alcohol-related consequences. Multilevel regression analyses revealed a significant effect of an alcohol use by sex by sexual assault history interaction on experiencing alcohol-related problems (b = −0.88, 95%CI [−1.55, −0.22], p = .009). Furthermore, results revealed that males who endorsed a history of experiencing sexual assault demonstrated the strongest relationship between past-year alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences (b = 2.60, p
Gay Voices without Intersectionality Is White Supremacy: Narratives of Gay and Lesbian Teachers of Color on Teaching and Learning.

The primary objective of this collection is to document the lived experiences of queer teachers of color who work in P-20 education, as a means of identifying and analyzing how the intersections of...
Triple Alignment: Congruency of Perceived Preschool Classroom Social Networks Among Teachers, Children, and Researchers.

Classroom social networks are influential to young children’s cognitive, social-emotional, and language development, but assessment and analyses of social networks are complex. Findings have been mixed regarding whether different informants (teachers, children, researchers) are congruent to their perceived classroom social networks. There is also a lack of discussion about the roles of network transformation (converting value networks into binary networks), a required data step for widely used statistical network analyses. This study addressed these issues based on network data of 16 preschool children containing 240 potential dyadic interactions collected from teacher ratings, child nominations, and researcher observations across 44 observation cycles over four school days. Results showed that the three informants were congruent in perceiving the classroom social network, while the level of congruency between the teacher-report and the researcher-report networks was the highest. Binary transformation of social networks tended to decrease the level of congruency across informants, although the level of congruency tended to be higher when more stringent binary transformation thresholds were selected.
Free Vibration of Thick Quadrilateral Laminates Using Third-Order Shear-Normal Deformation Theory

Free vibrations of thick and skew quadrilateral laminates have been analyzed by using the Ritz method and a third-order shear and normal deformable plate theory (TSNDT) that does require a shear-co...
STRAP regulates alternative splicing fidelity during lineage commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells

Alternative splicing (AS) is involved in cell fate decisions and embryonic development. However, regulation of these processes is poorly understood. Here, we have identified the serine threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP) as a putative spliceosome-associated factor. Upon Strap deletion, there are numerous AS events observed in mouse embryoid bodies (EBs) undergoing a neuroectoderm-like state. Global mapping of STRAP-RNA binding in mouse embryos by enhanced-CLIP sequencing (eCLIP-seq) reveals that STRAP preferably targets transcripts for nervous system development and regulates AS through preferred binding positions, as demonstrated for two neuronal-specific genes, Nnat and Mark3. We have found that STRAP involves in the assembly of 17S U2 snRNP proteins. Moreover, in Xenopus, loss of Strap leads to impeded lineage differentiation in embryos, delayed neural tube closure, and altered exon skipping. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown function of STRAP in mediating the splicing networks of lineage commitment, alteration of which may be involved in early embryonic lethality in mice. STRAP (serine threonine kinase receptor-associated protein) promotes tumorigenicity. Here the authors report that STRAP associates with spliceosome and regulates alternative splicing during embryonic stem cell lineage commitment and early mouse embryo organogenesis.
Building Multiclass Classification Baselines for Anomaly-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems

This paper showcases multiclass classification baselines using different machine learning algorithms and neural networks for distinguishing legitimate network traffic from direct and obfuscated network intrusions. This research derives its baselines from Advanced Security Network Metrics & Tunneling Obfuscations dataset. The dataset captured legitimate and obfuscated malicious TCP communications on selected vulnerable network services. The multiclass classification NIDS is able to distinguish obfuscated and direct network intrusion with up to 95% accuracy.
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Adolescents Provides Clinically Significant Outcome Benefit at Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

Purpose To report the rates of achieving clinically significant outcomes as defined by the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), or substantial clinical benefit (SCB) in adolescent patients and the rates of clinical failure 5 years after undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Methods Data from consecutive adolescent patients (defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics as age 11 to 21 years) who underwent primary hip arthroscopy with routine capsular closure for the treatment of FAIS between January 2012 and January 2015 by a single, fellowship-trained surgeon was collected. Baseline data, clinical outcomes including Hip Outcome Score (HOS)–Activities of Daily Living, HOS–Sports Subscale, modified Harris hip score, international Hip Outcome Tool, and clinical failure rates were recorded at 5 years after operative. Clinical failure was defined by revision hip arthroscopy or conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Clinically significant outcomes was defined as achieving MCID, PASS, or SCB on at least 1 hip-specific outcome measure. Results Of the 139 eligible patients, a total of 85 (60.4%) patients (85 hips) were included in the final analysis, with an age and body mass index average of 17.6 ± 2.5 years (range 13-21) and 22.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2, respectively. The majority of the patients were female (80.6%) and participated in sports (76.2%). There was statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative score averages across every reported outcome (P Conclusion This study demonstrated that a large majority (89.2%) of adolescent patients undergoing primary arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic FAIS achieved meaningful clinically significant outcomes. Furthermore, only 2.4% of patients failed clinically, requiring revision hip arthroscopy because of continued pain. Level of Evidence IV, Retrospective Case Series.
Brief Report: COVID-19 Testing, Characteristics, and Outcomes Among People Living With HIV in an Integrated Health System.

Background: Understanding the attributes of COVID-19 clinical severity among people living with HIV (PLWH) compared with those in HIV-uninfected patients is critical for risk stratification and treatment strategies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California among PLWH aged 18 years or older. We compared the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing, COVID-19 diagnosis, and COVID-19 hospitalization among PLWH and HIV-uninfected adults. A chart review was conducted for PLWH with COVID-19 to examine viral suppression of HIV and most recent CD4+ counts in the year before COVID-19 diagnosis, known exposures to COVID-19, and clinical presentation. Results: Between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing, COVID-19 diagnosis, and COVID-19 hospitalization was 551.2, 57.0, and 9.3 per 10,000 PLWH, respectively, compared with 268.4, 34.6, and 5.3 per 10,000 HIV-uninfected individuals, respectively. Among those with COVID-19, the distribution of race/ethnicity, smoking status, and comorbidities was similar in PLWH and HIV-uninfected patients;however, PLWH were mostly men, younger, and less obese than HIV-uninfected individuals. Health care utilization regarding emergency care and hospitalizations in the year before COVID-19-related hospitalization was similar between the groups. Overall, HIV was virologically suppressed in .95% of PLWH with COVID-19, and HIV viral load and CD4+ status did not differ between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. Conclusions: In this population of patients with well-controlled HIV infection, the incidence of testing, diagnosis, and hospitalization for COVID-19 was higher in PLWH than that in HIVuninfected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Stroke or No Stroke: A Case Report of Bilingual Aphasia.

Author(s): Gray, Matthew; Ernst, Jacob; Ashworth, Simeon; Patel, Ronak; Couperus, Kyle | Abstract: Introduction: Bilingual aphasia is an atypical stroke presentation in the multilingual patient where an isolated aphasia occurs in one language while the other remains unaffected.Case Report: A multilingual male presented to the emergency department with expressive aphasia to English but who was still able to speak fluently in French. Receptive English was preserved. While his National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was technically zero, his pure aphasia component qualified him as an exception. He regained some repetitive English, so fibrinolyitic therapy was not initiated.Conclusion: Bilingual aphasia is an indication for fibrinolysis given the impact that a pure aphasic stroke has on quality of life.
Chatbot for COVIDVaccine Using Deep Learning

Experts believe that getting a COVID-19 vaccine helps keep you from getting seriously ill even if you do become COVID-19 positive patient. If you get vaccinated, then you can also protect other people around you, and you can save your and other’s life as well as reduce risk. particularly people who have weak immunity are at bigger risk for serious illness from COVID-19.Experts and doctors are continued to conduct the studies to learn more about the vaccination and how the COVID-19 vaccination may reduce spread of the virus that causes COVID19.our chatbot covi-help is able to give information about co - vaccine.we make chatbot with the help of NLP and deep learning.we can easily get information about covid and co - vaccine from this chatbot.Use graphical user interface with TKinter we have define a function that get message as parameters and then return response.
Analyzing the Near-Wall Behavior of the Langtry–Menter Transition Model

The local-correlation laminar-turbulent transition model of Langtry and Menter has seen use over a wide range of fluid dynamic flows. The model is often coupled to two-equation turbulence models via modification to the turbulent kinetic energy equation. A near-wall analysis of turbulent kinetic energy and specific dissipation shows that the coupling of the transition model introduces singular behavior in the turbulent kinetic energy destruction and diffusion terms. This causes the fully turbulent behavior post-transition to deviate from that intended by the shear stress transport model, raising uncertainty in its ability to model relevant turbulent flow physics. An extensively verified Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver was used to numerically examine the near-wall behavior for a suite of practical test cases, confirming the singular behavior of the destruction term. From the new understanding of the near-wall behavior, a new turbulence index function is derived to detect laminar-turbulent transition for practical aerodynamic configurations. The index is designed such that a value of 0 indicates laminar flow and a value of 1 indicates turbulent flow. Several two-dimensional and three-dimensional test cases were used to test the new turbulence index. The new turbulence index was found to be more reliable and less ambiguous for transition detection in comparison to that designed for use with a shear stress transport model.
Cavitation Nucleation and Its Ductile-to-Brittle Shape Transition in Soft Gels Under Translational Mechanical Impact

Cavitation bubbles in the human body, when subjected to impact, are being increasingly considered as a possible brain injury mechanism. However, the onset of cavitation and its complex dynamics in biological materials remain unclear. Our experimental results using soft gels as a tissue simulant shows that the critical acceleration (acr) at cavitation nucleation monotonically increases with increasing stiffness of gelatin A/B, while acr for agarose and agar initially increases but followed by a plateau or even decrease after stiffness reach to ~100 kPa. Our image analyses of cavitation bubbles and theoretical work reveal that the observed trends in acr are directly linked to how bubbles grow in each gel. Gelatin A/B, regardless of their stiffness, form a localized damaged zone (tens of nanometers) at the gel-bubble interface during bubble growth. In contrary, the damaged zone in agar/agarose becomes significantly larger (> 100 times) with increasing shear modulus, which triggers the transition from formation of a small, damaged zone to activation of crack propagation.
Insulin activates p21Ras and guanine nucleotide releasing factor in cells expressing wild type and mutant insulin receptors.

Insulin stimulates the formation of p21RasGTP in Rat-1 fibroblasts overexpressing wild type (HIRc) or mutant (delta CT and Y/F2) insulin receptors. Maximal insulin effect was observed at 7 min in Y/F2 cells, at 10 min in delta CT cells, and at 15 min in HIRc cells. Mutant insulin receptors which display enhanced mitogenic signaling properties stimulated p21Ras.GTP formation to a greater extent than wild type receptors. The amount of p21Ras was not affected by insulin (Western blotting). Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Lavendustin A (10 nM), completely prevented insulin-induced activation of p21Ras in all cell lines. Insulin did not lead to GAP phosphorylation, or a change in cellular GAP activity, but did result in marked stimulation of Ras guanine nucleotide releasing factor (GRF) activity (by 48% in HIRc, 71% in delta CT, and 120% in Y/F2 cells). These results indicated that p21Ras.GTP is an important signaling molecule in insulin's mitogenic pathway, but may not participate in metabolic signaling and that insulin's stimulatory effects on p21Ras.GTP formation are mediated through Ras GRF.
The power of estuarine collaboratories

Developing science-based strategies to best balance estuarine use and resilience is critical to a sustainable earth, but is also challenging. To meet the challenge, we created for the Columbia River estuary, in the United States, a distinctive scientific infrastructure that we term “collaboratory.” We define collaboratory as a networked integration of sensors, platforms, models, data, analyses, and collaboration & social processes, designed to enable diverse communities of practice to interact without geographic, disciplinary or institutional barriers, towards scientific understanding, prediction, operation and sustainability of estuaries and coastal margins. This paper introduces our collaboratory, synthesizes lessons learned, and introduces a vision for possible replication to a global network of estuaries.
KARL BARTH AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY

It is commonly held that Karl Barth emphatically rejected the usefulness of philosophy for theology. In this essay I explore the implications of Barth's theological epistemology for the relationship and proper boundaries between philosophy and theology, given its origin in Barth's theology of revelation. I seek to clarify Barth's position with respect to philosophy by distinguishing the contingency of its offence from any necessary incompatibility. Barth does not reject philosophy per se, but the way in which philosophy is typically conducted. This is made explicit through an analysis of Barth's censure of the uncritical acceptance in theology of modernist philosophical presuppositions. I nuance Barth's response to a collection of philosophical assumptions that are rarely distinguished in theological literature. Finally, I highlight a representative instance of Barth's reflections on philosophy in relationship to theology, to demonstrate that the criterion for evaluating the usefulness of philosophical assumptions and methods in the service of theology is the same criterion by which theology is itself evaluated.
Conduct, Performance, and Dilemmas of Inter-organizational Virtual Organizing

Firms are increasingly embedded in networks of relationships with other organizations that are of strategic importance. An organization’s participation in a network may provide access to information, resources, markets, and technologies, or it may lock it in unproductive relationships from which it may be difficult to extricate. Therefore, it is no longer adequate to analyze firms’ conduct and performance by examining firms in isolation from their network partners. Strategy research has investigated inter-organizational alliances for some time. However, the primary focus of this research has been to examine the antecedents of network formation and relatively lesser attention has been paid to the implications of alliances and networks on a firm’s performance. Since virtual organizations are conceptualized as strategic networks and alliances among organizations, we examined literature on virtual organizations to understand what has been done in inter-organizational context. We found 34 papers out of a total of 117 papers on virtual organization that examined virtual organizing at inter-organizational level. We classified each of the short-listed papers by virtual organizing type (network membership, network structure, tie modality, and time-frame), performance, and dilemmas of virtual organizing. Our analyses showed that inter-organization virtual organizing strategy varied with the goals of virtual organizing. Across the short-listed papers we found a pattern of organizing that depended on whether organizing was for abstract resources (knowledge, skills, competencies, etc.) or for specific goals (outsourcing key components). Virtual organizing for abstract resources tended to exhibit decentralized network structure and collaborative ties with partners, while virtual organizing for specific goals tended to exhibit centralized network structure and opportunistic ties. We found a lack of empirical literature examining the process of inter-organization virtual organizing strategy and its consequences.
Inmigración y metrópolis: Reflexiones acerca de la historia urbana

Este articulo presenta un esquema evolutivo de la relacion entre migracion y ciudad. Describo los aspectos centrales de tal relacion historica como preambulo para examinar tres aspectos de la situacion actual: los diversos determinantes de flujos contemporaneos de trabajadores, los origenes politicos de la resistencia a la migracion internacional y el renovado papel protagonista de areas metropolitanas en calidad de nodulos estrategicos del sistema internacional. Como parte del tercer tema, esbozo el surgimiento del transnacionalismo como forma novedosa de adaptacion inmigrante y como una respuesta potencial a la logica prevaleciente del capitalismo global. Por ultimo, discuto las implicaciones teoricas y de politica publica que se desprenden de este analisis. ABSTRACT This article presents an outline of the relationship between migration and the city in its evolution over time. I sketch the central aspects of this historical relation as a prelude to examining three aspects of the contemporary scene: the various determinants of contemporary labour flows; the political sources of resistance to international migration; and the renewed protagonist role of metropolitan areas as strategic nodes of the international system. As part of the latter process, I sketch the rise of transnationalism as a novel form of adaptation to immigration and as a potential response to the overriding logic of global capitalism. Implications of a migration-centered approach to cities for theory and policy are dismissed.
Conflicts of Conscience in Health Care

The confluence of modern technology, skill, and medical necessity allows health care providers to occupy a unique position that inevitably invites moral scrutiny. To some, ensuring access to contra...
Probabilistic Feature Grammars

We present a new formalism, probabilistic feature grammar (PFG). PFGs combine most of the best properties of several other formalisms, including those of Collins, Magerman, and Charniak, and in experiments have comparable or better performance. PFGs generate features one at a time, probabilistically, conditioning the probabilities of each feature on other features in a local context. Because the conditioning is local, efficient polynomial time parsing algorithms exist for computing inside, outside, and Viterbi parses. PFGs can produce probabilities of strings, making them potentially useful for language modeling. Precision and recall results are comparable to the state of the art with words, and the best reported without words.
Peripheral challenge with a viral mimic upregulates expression of the complement genes in the hippocampus.

Abstract Peripheral challenge with a viral mimetic, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (PIC) induces hippocampal hyperexcitability in mice. Here, we characterized this hippocampal response through a whole genome transcriptome analysis. Intraperitoneal injection of PIC resulted in temporal dysregulation of 625 genes in the hippocampus, indicating an extensive genetic reprogramming. The bioinformatics analysis of these genes revealed the complement pathway to be the most significantly activated. The gene encoding complement factor B (CfB) exhibited the highest response, and its upregulation was commensurate with the development of hyperexcitability. Collectively, these results suggest that the induction of hippocampal hyperexcitability may be mediated by the alternative complement cascades.
An alternative view of public subsidy and sport facilities through social anchor theory

Abstract This research article sought to review and refine the concept of social anchor theory (SAT) through sport facilities. According to this conception of SAT, organizations and/or institutions can contribute to the development of the overall community through two components: social capital and collective identity. This notion is supported across diverse literatures including architecture, sociology, public administration and urban development. While considerable research on sport facilities is primarily centered on them as physical, financial, political and economic structures, a dearth of research explores the role of the facility as a social anchor and its roles within both formal and informal community development. Our conclusions suggest that sport facilities are, indeed, viable social anchors within communities and community networks. Further, they are capable of maintaining a collective image or creating a preferred image for both community members and a fan nation. Finally, based on this information, municipal investment into sport venues should not be strictly looked at as a vehicle to produce economic returns.
Fleet Sizing for Flexible Carsharing Systems: Simulation-Based Approach

In the past 10 to 15 years, carsharing has attracted significant attention as a green transportation alternative that can reduce car dependence and promote smarter, healthier mode choice in urban areas. Despite rapid growth and aggressive funding, carsharing remains a niche product with quantifiable but relatively small benefits. A new type of carsharing seeks to expand its reach, and perhaps its benefits, by eliminating some of the inconveniences of traditional services, such as having to book in advance and having to return the car to the same location. Flexible carsharing, pioneered by Daimler's car2go program in late 2008, also introduces a logistical problem not present in traditional carsharing: the spatial distribution of vehicles tends to be irregular because of the randomness of demand. Vehicle redistribution, which can be done periodically (e.g., at the end of the day) or continuously, can be used to ameliorate this problem. By using an agent-based model of a flexible carsharing system, this res...
5-Series peptido-leukotriene synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages: Modulation by dietary n-3 fatty acids

This study was undertaken to elucidate the metabolic fate of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), a major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid constituent of fish oil, in the mouse peritoneal macrophage. Mice were fed diets containing menhaden fish oil (FO) or safflower oil (SO). After 3 weeks, resident or responsive peritoneal macrophages were isolated and stimulated with zymosan and A23187, respectively. We demonstrate the novel synthesis of leukotriene C5 (LTC5), derived from 20:5n-3, in addition to LTC4 in both resident and responsive macrophages from FO fed mice. The structures of these peptido-leukotrienes were characterized by their retention times on reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography, by their u.v. absorbance spectra, and by cross-reactivity with peptido-leukotriene antibody. These results demonstrate for the first time that macrophages are capable of metabolizing dietary 20:5n-3 to LTC5, a pentaene peptido-leukotriene.
An event selector for sequential control

A circuit using a stepping switch coupled to a number of rotary selector switches is suggested as a general solution to the problem of programming sequential events automatically. A number of applications are discussed including the programming of visual and auditory stimuli and the recording of responses under several different conditions.
Selectivity in heavy metal-binding to peptides and proteins

The metal-binding affinities and three-dimensional structures of three synthetic 18-residue peptides with sequences derived from that of the highly conserved metal-binding motif MXCXXC found in many heavy metal-binding proteins were determined. A change in register of the cysteines and alanines of the sequence from the periplasmic mercury-binding protein, MerP, i.e., CAAC, CACA, and CCAA, affects the specificity of metal binding, in particular, the peptide with vicinal cysteines binds only mercury. The three-dimensional structures of the mercury-bound forms of the three peptides determined in solution by NMR spectroscopy peptides differ considerably, even though they are all linear bicoordinate complexes. The three-dimensional structure of the peptide with CAAC bound to Cd(II) demonstrates that the metal-binding loop is malleable enough to accommodate modes of coordination other than linear bicoordinate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 64: 189–197, 2002
N-dimension closeness measurements used in dynamic pattern recognitions

When a standard ND (N-dimension) curve is compared to a test ND curve, the Euclidean distance between these two curves is defined as the root-mean-square sum of the distances between each (test) point in the test curve and the point on the standard curve closest to that test point. This number of root-mean-square sum is called the closeness CLS of the test curve to the standard curve in the ND state space where each point in the space may represent a snap shot of a certain moving or time-varying object. This CLS number can be used to identify accurately, a test moving object against several standard moving objects stored in the memory of this dynamic pattern recognition system, according to the particular way each standard object moves. In this paper, we use the face recognition scheme as a particular example that leads to the general analysis and design procedure.
Relationships between children's exposure to ethnic produce and their dietary behaviors.

The current study examined relationships between children’s ethnic produce exposure and healthy dietary practices among Latino, Hmong and non-Hispanic white children. One hundred Latino, 100 Hmong, and 92 non-Hispanic white parents of children ages 5–8 years old in northern California completed a cross-sectional survey. Children’s exposure to ethnic produce from Hmong and Latino cultures, overall fruit and vegetable consumption, and fast food and ethnic restaurant use were measured. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare variables across different ethnic groups. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between variables. Children’s overall ethnic produce exposure, as well as exposure to produce from other cultures, was significantly correlated with overall fruit and vegetable consumption. There was a marginal (p = 0.053) negative association between ethnic produce exposure and fast food restaurant use among Latino children. These findings suggest that promoting ethnic produce is an effective strategy for enhancing healthy dietary practices among children.
An improved methodology for modeling neurobehavioral late-effects of radiotherapy in pediatric brain tumors.

Background Technical advances in radiation oncology provide new opportunities to study neurobehavioral outcomes of radiation therapy (RT) in children treated for brain tumors. Methods In this study, we describe an approach to modeling late-effects using integral biologically effective dose (IBED) combined with improved measurement of critical neuropsychological functions. Results IBED was found to provide more differentiated information about dose distribution than prescribed dose in five subjects treated for brain tumors. Furthermore, IBED was more closely related than was prescribed dose to specific changes in Attention 2–3 years post-RT. Conclusions Results support the feasibility of this methodology as well as promising preliminary evidence of the relationship of IBED to the construct of Attention. Improved modeling could lead to more refined radiation therapy protocols that preserve critical neuropsychological functions and also provide new insights into the treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relationship marketing theory in practice: A case study

Abstract Six constructs associated with current relationship marketing theory and research are discussed in this article: relationship dependence, trust, commitment, communication, cooperation, and equity. These variables are used as descriptors to develop profiles of a successful partnering relationship and a typical relationship between a wood products distributor and two manufacturing principals. In particular, the partnering relationship is characterized by a high level of trust, a long-term relationship orientation, intensive information exchange, and a high level of mutual cooperation.
Aerosol Modeling In The Marine Boundary Layer

Aerosols play an important part in determining optical properties of the atmosphere over the ocean. Problems of measuring aerosol properties and the need to forecast them, have led to the development of model simulations. At present, the models rely on standard meteorological variables as input and produce aerosol size distribution. These models are generally dependent on the knowledge of wind, relative humidity, visibility and altitude of the observation site, however they do not take into account the history of the airmass and the associated generation and transport processes of aerosol. As a result such predicted aerosol size distributions have a high variability when compared to individual measurements. Their value is therefore limited to climatological applications. Current studies consider the generation, transport and decay processes. In the generation process bursting bubbles during white cap conditions are considered. This process is important for particles larger than about 1 micron diameter. Smaller particles are generated mainly through gas-to-particle conversion processes over continents. Because of their relatively long life time in the atmosphere, these particles cannot meteorologically be traced to their origin. Transport processes are fairly well described through dynamic boundary layer models, bulk formulas for vertical transport, and general circulation models for horizontal air trajectories. Dissipation processes include coagulation for small particles, gravitational settling for particles larger than 5 micron diameter and turbulent transport through the upper boundary of the mixed layer. These studies serve to delineate appropriate meteorological variables which can serve as inputs to a dynamic aerosol model. For a practical use such dynamic models are still too complex and simplifications are needed. A compromise is dictated by the type and accuracy of available meteorological input data. At present white cap coverage, depth of mixed layer, airmass type and travel time of the air over water are considered as additional appropriate model inputs besides wind and relative humidity.
MORBIDITY-TERM VS|[period]| PRETERM NEONATE WITH |[ldquo]|MATURE L|[sol]|S|[rdquo]|

Though the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) has provided a powerful predictive tool of fetal lung maturity regarding respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), increasing dialogue between neonatologist and obstetrician in a perinatal approach has suggested the potentially dangerous tendency to equate “mature L/S” with “mature fetus”. A retrospective study evaluated the relationship between infant outcome, infant maturity and L/S maturity. During a six year period 385 L/S were reported as “mature”, of these, 41 were excluded for inadequate data, 252 delivered at > 37 wks gestation (tern) and 93 at < 37 wks (pretenn) gestation.
Photochemistry of ketones in micellar solution: Structural and viscosity effects on carbon-13 isotopic enrichment.

Abstract A study of the 13C enrichment of ketones in micellar solution as a function of structure and viscosity is presented.
Feedback control of surface roughness of GaAs (0 0 1) thin films using kinetic Monte Carlo models

Abstract In this work, we follow the methodology presented in Lou and Christofides [Estimation and control of surface roughness in thin-film growth using kinetic Monte-Carlo models, Chem. Eng. Sci. 58 (2003a) 3115–3129] to study estimation and control of surface roughness of gallium arsenide (GaAs) (0 0 1) thin films during deposition in a horizontal-flow quartz reactor using triisobutylgallium (TIBGa) and tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) as precursors with H 2 as the carrier gas. The adsorption of TIBGa onto the surface and the migration of Ga atoms on the surface are considered as the two rate-limiting steps in the film growth and are explicitly modeled within a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation framework. The energy barrier and the pre-exponential factor of the migration rate of Ga atoms on the surface used in the simulations are initially determined by fitting the simulation results to experimental data reported in Law et al. [Analysis of the growth modes for gallium arsenide metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy, J. Appl. Phys. 88 (2000) 508–512]. Then, a roughness estimator is constructed that allows computing estimates of the surface roughness of the GaAs thin films at a time-scale comparable to the real-time evolution of the process using discrete on-line roughness measurements. The estimator involves a kinetic MC simulator based on multiple small-lattice models, an adaptive filter used to reduce roughness stochastic fluctuations and an error compensator used to reduce the error between the roughness estimates and the roughness measurements. The roughness estimates are fed to a proportional–integral (PI) feedback controller which is used to control the surface roughness to a desired level by manipulating the substrate temperature. Application of the proposed estimator/controller structure to the process model based on a large-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulator demonstrates successful regulation of the surface roughness to the desired level. The proposed approach is shown to be superior to PI control with direct use of the discrete roughness measurements. The reason being that the available measurement techniques do not provide measurements at a frequency that is comparable to the time-scale of the dominant film growth dynamics.