cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic prospecting and biodiversity development agreements

Abstract Biodiversity loss continues, in part, because local benefits from wildland preservation are limited. Biodiversity development agreements (BDAs) intend, through bioprospecting efforts, to distribute benefits of biodiversity to those who bear preservation costs. Analysis of two case studies suggests that monetary returns from bioprospecting could be substantial, though realization of returns is uncertain and likely to take time. Considerable non-monetary benefits from BDAs have included training and increased infrastructure and institutional capacity. BDAs probably will not finance desired land preservation, nor is it certain they can influence land use. Nonetheless, carefully structured BDAs can be useful components of biodiversity conservation programs.
Teaching Science in Fifth Grade: Instructional Goals That Support Conceptual Change.

How one teacher in a fifth-grade classroom (student ages 10–11) facilitated learning as conceptual change is the subject of this research. The teacher presented her students with seven learning goals that she believed would allow students to engage in conceptual change learning. Student outcomes as a result of this teacher's instruction included significant changes in the ability of students to engage in conversations that are characterized as metaconceptual and metacognitive. These changes are attributed to instructional activities of the teacher that established her learning goals. Characteristics of the learning environment created by this teacher are presented and an analysis of the instructional activities she presented to students are used to answer the following question: How did the learning goals presented by this teacher support students as they engaged in learning as conceptual change? The implications of this study for teachers in different contexts are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 1091–1101, 1998
Evidence of Breed-dependent Differences in Susceptibility to Porcine Circovirus Type-2-associated Disease and Lesions:

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been confirmed as the primary cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). However, in the field, PMWS is seen only in a small percentage of pigs infected with PCV2. The overall objective of the study reported here was to determine whether host genetic differences in the susceptibility to PCV2-associated disease exist among selected breeds of pigs. This study included Duroc (n = 23), Landrace (n = 19), and Large White (n = 21) pigs. The pigs were infected intranasally and intramuscularly at 5-7 weeks of age with PCV2. A portion of the pigs (31/63; 30.2%) had low passively acquired PCV2 antibodies at the time of infection. There were no differences in mean weight gain, rectal temperature, or respiratory score. Clinical disease compatible with PMWS was observed only in the Landrace pigs. Most of the PCV2-infected pigs had enlarged lymph nodes, and individual Duroc and Landrace pigs had mottled tan lungs. PCV2-associated lymphoid depletion and granulomatous inflammation were observed in pigs of all breeds. Three of 19 Landrace pigs and none of the Duroc or Large White pigs developed severe lymphoid lesions associated with large amounts of intralesional PCV2 antigen typical of PMWS. Compared with seronegative Landrace pigs, Landrace pigs that had low maternal antibodies at the time of PCV2 inoculation had significantly (P < 0.05) less-severe PCV2-associated lesions. The results suggest a predisposition of the Landrace pigs of this study to PCV2-induced disease and lesions, and that low levels of passively acquired antibodies are protective.
Resistance Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria, Part I

Despite the suggestions of both the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Manual of Clinical Microbiology that hospitals should test individual patient isolates to assist in their care, periodically establish patterns of resistance for certain anaerobes, and include these data in the hospital antibiogram, anaerobic susceptibility studies are performed in only a minority of clinical laboratories and their patterns of susceptibility are obtainable mostly from published surveys conducted by a small number of research centers scattered worldwide. The Bacteroides fragilis group species, the most frequently studied anaerobes, have been reported to vary in their frequencies of resistance to all antimicrobial agents worldwide. Limited data exist about the resistance patterns of other genera and species. Part I of this two-part article reviewed the methods used for anaerobic susceptibility testing and the correlation of in vitro susceptibility test results with clinical outcome, and antimicrobial resistance that has been reported for gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes. Part II of this article reviews mechanisms of resistance among anaerobes to commonly used antimicrobial agents.
Multilevel voltage-source duty-cycle modulation: analysis and implementation

Multilevel converters have become increasingly popular due to high power quality, high-voltage capability, low switching losses, and low electromagnetic compatibility concerns. Considering these advantages, the multilevel converter is a suitable candidate for implementation of future naval ship propulsion systems. This paper focuses on modulation techniques for the multilevel converter. In particular, a novel voltage-source method of multilevel modulation is introduced and compared to existing methods. The proposed method is discrete in nature and can therefore be readily implemented on a digital signal processor. The method is also readily extendable to any number of voltage levels. Results of experimental implementation are demonstrated using a four-level rectifier/inverter system, which incorporates diode-clamped multilevel converters and an 11-level cascaded multilevel H-bridge inverter.
Statistical sequential analysis for detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms

We formulate the problem of microcalcification detection in digital mammograms as a statistical change detection problem in the local properties of the image. First, we represent mammograms by two-dimensional autoregressive moving-average (2D ARMA) fields; thus uniquely characterizing the images by their reduced dimensionality 2D ARMA feature vectors. Texture changes in mammograms are then modeled as an additive change in the mean parameter of the PDF associated with the 2D ARMA feature vector sequence that describes the image. A generalized likelihood ratio test is used to detect theses changes and estimate the exact time (or space) where they occur. Our simulation results on the Digital Database for Screening Mammography hosted by the University of South Florida show that the decision functions of cancerous images present high peaks at the microcalcification locations, whereas they exhibit a uniform behavior for healthy mammograms. The proposed algorithm achieves a sensitivity and specificity of 96.9% and 97.8%, respectively.
Finding optimal solutions to Rubik's cube using pattern databases

We have found the first optimal solutions to random instances of Rubik's Cube. The median optimal solution length appears to be 18 moves. The algorithm used is iterative-deepening-A* (IDA*), with a lower-bound heuristic function based on large memory-based lookup tables, or "pattern databases" (Culberson and Schaeffer 1996). These tables store the exact number of moves required to solve various subgoals of the problem, in this case subsets of the individual movable cubies. We characterize the effectiveness of an admissible heuristic function by its expected value, and hypothesize that the overall performance of the program obeys a relation in which the product of the time and space used equals the size of the state space. Thus, the speed of the program increases linearly with the amount of memory available. As computer memories become larger and cheaper, we believe that this approach will become increasingly cost-effective.
Towards the next generation of enterprise search technology

Unstructured information represents the vast majority of data collected and accessible to enterprises. Exploiting this information requires systems for managing and extracting knowledge from large collections of unstructured data and applications for discovering patterns and relationships. This paper elucidates the differences between search systems for the Web and those for enterprises, with an emphasis on the future of enterprise search systems. It also introduces the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) and provides the context for the unstructured information management (UIM) papers that follow.
Functional substitution of the signal recognition particle 54-kDa subunit by its Escherichia coli homolog

The 54-kDa subunit of the mammalian signal recognition particle (SRP54) binds to the signal sequences of nascent secretory and transmembrane proteins and facilitates their cotranslational targeting to the membrane translocation apparatus in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A 48-kDa Escherichia coli protein that shares extensive sequence similarity with SRP54 was identified in homology searches. Recent genetic experiments by Phillips and Silhavy [Phillips, G. J. & Silhavy, T. J. (1992) Nature (London) 359, 744-746] have shown that depletion of this protein, designated Ffh (fifty-four homolog), leads to a significant secretory defect in vivo. We demonstrate here that Ffh is structurally and functionally related to SRP54 by virtue of its ability to mimic closely its mammalian counterpart in several established biochemical assays, thereby suggesting that it plays a direct role in protein export. Ffh assembled efficiently with mammalian SRP components into a chimeric ribonucleoprotein ["SRP(Ffh)"] and bound at the site normally occupied by SRP54. Like SRP54, the Ffh moiety of the chimeric particle specifically recognized the signal sequence of preprolactin in a photocrosslinking assay. Moreover, Ffh could also act in concert with other SRP components to arrest elongation of preprolactin upon recognition of the signal sequence. In all of these assays, Ffh had approximately the same specific activity as SRP54. In contrast, SRP(Ffh) did not promote the translocation of preprolactin across the membrane of microsomal vesicles, suggesting that Ffh cannot mediate an interaction with a membrane component that is required for the translocation of nascent chains.
Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow Through a Flexible Microstructure Induced by Acoustic Streaming

A fundamental understanding of fluid flow through oscillating, compliant structures is lacking; especially in the case of micro structures. An improved model of such dynamic micro flow is sought. A multi-physics, numerical based study is presented herein. Results obtained provide preliminary quantification of these phenomena to compare with future experiments. In particular the perturbations in boundary pressure, integral to future slip-conditions models within a transient oscillatory boundary model, is quantified. The geometric model consisted of flow through a compliant tubular -structure with an oscillating wall. This simple model tested the solvers ability to solve an irregular flow regime with its built-in capabilities and provided insight into the nature of fluid-structure interaction at the investigated scales. Results suggested that traditional constant slip conditions at compliant fluid-structure interfaces are not adequate to capture the physics of the problem, as pressure varies greatly within the test specimen. Success with this venture provided a measure of validation and assurance for a more in-depth study with comparison to a reference. Results of this entire study highlight the need for improved physics-based methods for the determining the slip condition with oscillatory boundaries.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Genetic Information Coding and Replication Error Descriptive and Instantaneous Corrective Description

What constitutes a biomolecular information encoding on a 4letter DNA system of such importance that biological life is entirely dependent, with the exception of some viruses that utilize the similar RNA, in its variety on its accurate expression and function and operation. From the tobacco plant to the bull Elephant and the deadliest of virus, the expression of organized complexity is built from the sets of encoded instructions on the strands of biomolecules that are subsequently self-expressed into the organized forms of biological life. How then are we to understand the information content of these genes. The interest to scientifically understand genetics has been there for centuries since the genius of the monk Mendel and has until very recently and the decoding of the genome has produced such innovative approaches as incomplete information theoretic methods, the lines of scientific research we seek to further in this paper.
THE INCIDENCE OF CERVICAL CANCER AND DURATION OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE

In a prospective study carried out on a cohort of 17,942 women belonging to the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and living in suburban communities of the San Francisco Bay Area, a positive association was found between the incidence of cervical carcinoma and total duration of oral contraceptive use. The association was established while controlling for the effects of age, education, and selected infections. The association persists when incident cases of dysplasia are added to those of carcinoma. A further study, in which covariates relating to sexual behavior will also be taken into account, is in progress.
Management of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Injury on a Sweet Corn Hybrid Expressing a cryIA(b) Gene

Research was conducted to evaluate transgenic sweet corn containing a modified cryIA (b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and a minimal number of insecticide applications for management of injury to ears by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). GH-0937 (Bt+), Bonus (Bt-), and Silver Queen (Bt-) sweet corn hybrids were planted 15 April, 1 May, 15 May, 1 June, and 15 June 1997 to provide different intensities of insect pressure as populations increased during the season. During ear development, methomyl was applied in 0, 1, 3, or 5 applications beginning when 50% of the plants were silking. GH-0937 exhibited a high level of resistance to leaf feeding in the whorl stage by fall armyworm and to ear injury by the corn earworm and fall armyworm. With extreme insect pressure on plants for the 15 June planting, as evidenced by the extensive damage to Bonus and Silver Queen in the whorl stage, injury to ears of GH-0937 averaged only 7.9 cm 2 of kernel damage when no insecticide was applied, and was reduced to an average of only 1.7 cm 2 of kernel damage with 5 applications of methomyl. In this same test, Silver Queen and Bonus averaged 323 and 168 cm 2 of kernel damage, respectively, with no insecticide applications, and 172 and 50 cm 2 , respectively, with 5 applications of methomyl. Injury to ears on GH-0937 was not eliminated, but was minimal and confined to a few kernels at the ear tip. Most of the observed injury was from feeding by nitidulid beetles, or to an occasional large fall armyworm larva that migrated from a susceptible plant to an untreated ear of GH-0937 where it fed before dying. Bt sweet corn offers an excellent opportunity to develop more environmentally compatible approaches for sweet corn production.
Echo and Narcissus: The Afrocentric Pragmatism of W. E. B. Du Bois

In a unique assignment for the Independent in 1904, William Edward Burghardt Du Bois reviewed his own book, The Souls of Black Folk. He characterized the style as "African." Du Bois made no apology, contending that "the blood of my fathers spoke through me and cast off the English restraint of my training and surroundings." "The resulting accomplishment," he concluded, "is a matter of taste." It "lost in authority but gained in vividness" because of its African perspective: It might tempt certain readers to contest every statement impatiently, but "some revelation of how the world looks to me cannot easily escape" even those readers. "One who is born with a cause" -for so he assessed himself"is predestined to a certain narrowness of view, and at the same time to some clearness of vision within his limits with which the world often finds it well to reckon."' The world has found it "well to reckon" with The Souls of Black Folk ever since. Du Bois's ideas about the "color line" and "double consciousness" have guided discussion of race relations from the moment the book appeared. It received immediate attention not only from African Americans but on a national and international scale as well. Booker T. Washington, whom Du Bois criticized severely in the most controversial essay in the book, saw to it that it received little notice in the African American newspapers he influenced. Nonetheless, it was read widely. For many, including Langston Hughes andJohn Hope Franklin, it served as "a cultural initiation rite." Several classic African American novels are based on its ideas. The response of the mainstream white press ranged from neglect to guarded praise to fanatical
Pseudo-strabismus secondary to macular heterotropia: a case report and literature review

Aim: To present a case of pseudo-strabismus secondary to macular heterotropia, caused by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). An overview is given of the literature on this subject. Methods: The case of a 9-year-old child born prematurely at 26 weeks’ gestation and who had cryotherapy treatment for stage 3 ROP, is reported with reference to her birth history and her ophthalmic, orthoptic and photographic findings. Results: The patient had a pseudo-exotropia resulting from an abnormal shifting of the macula known as macular heterotropia, an abnormal fundus appearance found in ROP, especially in eyes treated with cryotherapy. Macular heterotropia has been reported in conditions such as retinal tear, idiopathic retinal folds, persistent hyaloid vessels, chorioretinal coloboma, chorioretinisis, Toxocara canis, vitreous structural anomalies, and very high myopia. Conclusions: Orthoptists should be aware of the features of macular heterotropia and its associations with ROP and pseudo-strabismus.
Calcium ion and sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase: its mechanism of inhibition and identification of the E 1 -P intermediate.

Calcium ion inhibits (Na + + K + )-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) primarily by reducing the rate of the phosphorylation step. Inhibition of this step is competitive with respect to Na + and noncompetitive with respect to Mg ++ . Although Ca ++ acts to reduce the rate of the phosphorylation step, high concentrations are required to reduce the steady-state levels of phospho-enzyme, and Ca ++ alone stimulates a slow phosphorylation of the enzyme. In the presence of Ca ++ and Mg ++ the phospho-enzyme formed is sensitive to K + and ouabain, and its steady-state levels are low when K + is present. If the concentration of Mg ++ is low, of the phosphoenzyme formed in the presence of Ca ++ is insensitive to K + and ouabain, and reacts readily with ADP. The reactivity of the Ca ++ -dependent phospho-enzyme with ADP is reduced by the addition of Mg ++ ; conversely, the reactivity of the Mg ++ -dependent phospho-enzyme with ADP is increased by high concentrations of Na + . Ca ++ also inhibits the Mg ++ - and P [unknown] -dependent pathway of [ 3 H]ouabain binding. The identification of an ADP-sensitive intermediate in the reaction cycle of this enzyme is reported. Its transformation to a K + -sensitive intermediate is influenced by Na + , Mg ++ , and Ca ++ in a manner consistent with proposed reaction mechanisms for this enzyme.
Beyond Bathrooms — Meeting the Health Needs of Transgender People

Beyond bathroom accessibility, discrimination against transgender people is associated with many adverse health effects. The health care community can help through clinical care, research, and advocacy. But most clinicians lack expertise in transgender health.
Community-based psychological first aid with marginalized communities

Community-based psychological first aid (CBPFA) is a naturally good fit for work in ethnic minority and other marginalized communities. Because of the grassroots nature of this approach, it lends itself well to adaptation in cultures that differ from the mainstream. This chapter will provide an overview of the issues involved in recognizing the culture of an affected community, how culture may affect the expression of distress following a crisis or disaster situation, and the provision of CBPFA in marginalized communities.
Postwar Banking Era and Regulatory Response: 1945–1999

The immediate postwar years were rather quiet and stable for the national economy generally and for commercial banking specifically. However, that all changed by the middle of the 1960s and calm was replaced with volatility and uncertainty. Consequently, it may be helpful to think of this era as one in which the first 20 or so years were stable and generally uneventful followed by a rather long period characterized by volatility in real and financial markets and an unprecedented series of banking legislation. Indeed, this era in commercial banking is unlike the three previous. In the earlier banking eras, a pattern developed in which either a series of bank crises was followed with regulation or a few significant crises resulted in a regulatory response. The period between the middle of the 1960s and the end of the twentieth century did not have a defining bank crisis or singular regulatory response. Rather, moving forward from the mid-1960s, this era is one characterized by several developments: significant change in the competitive environment in banking; considerable change in the balance sheet and management of commercial banks in response to the increased competition; a landscape dotted with both large and small bank failures; a substantial crises in the savings and loan industry; and the passage of eight important federal bank regulations.1
Accelerating program analyses by cross-program training

Practical programs share large modules of code. However, many program analyses are ineffective at reusing analysis results for shared code across programs. We present POLYMER, an analysis optimizer to address this problem. POLYMER runs the analysis offline on a corpus of training programs and learns analysis facts over shared code. It prunes the learnt facts to eliminate intermediate computations and then reuses these pruned facts to accelerate the analysis of other programs that share code with the training corpus. We have implemented POLYMER to accelerate analyses specified in Datalog, and apply it to optimize two analyses for Java programs: a call-graph analysis that is flow- and context-insensitive, and a points-to analysis that is flow- and context-sensitive. We evaluate the resulting analyses on ten programs from the DaCapo suite that share the JDK library. POLYMER achieves average speedups of 2.6× for the call- graph analysis and 5.2× for the points-to analysis.
Cooperative distributed energy scheduling for storage devices and renewables with resiliency against intermittencies

Cost-effective operation of microgrids relies on optimal scheduling of energy resources and storage devices. Scheduling considering storage devices is inherently a multi-step optimization problem and its complexity grows with the increasing of the device number, and the schedule time resolution. Conventional centralized approaches raise concerns regarding privacy of the system as well as its vulnerability to single point of failure. Fully distributed approaches require iterative communications among distributed components where both the number of iterations and the communications packet size grow as the number of time steps increases. The situation is aggravated due to the intermittency of the renewable resources, since scheduling needs to be repeated once there is considerable change in forecasted profiles. To resolve the issue, this paper proposes a two layer fully distributed resilient scheduling methodology. In the first layer (scheduling layer), the distributed components communicate with each other to find the long term set points for charging/discharging of storage devices. At the second layer (regulatory layer), the distributed devices run a high resolution short term optimization considering the real-time data and the calculated set points from the scheduling layer. The numerical results demonstrate that using the double layer structure, the system shows resiliency against intermittencies and the objective values track the optimal values.
The Temporal Attentive Observation (TAO) Scale: Development of an Instrument to Assess Attentive Behavior Sequences During Serious Gameplay

The engaging nature of video games has intrigued learning professionals attempting to capture and retain learners’ attention. Designing learning interventions that not only capture the learner’s attention, but also are designed around the natural cycle of attention will be vital for learning. This paper introduces the temporal attentive observation (TAO) instrument, an instrument developed to assess attentive behavior sequences during serious gameplay. We use an established three-step process for developing observational systems that includes identifying the construct, determining validity, and demonstrating practicality criteria. We conclude that the TAO instrument reliably measures attention behaviors where participants’ faces can be recorded during an experiment. Furthermore, we suggest that TAO should be considered as a part of an attention measurement package.
Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome: Another Battle for a Retired Navy Seal.

ABSTRACT Birt–Hogg–Dube syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by upper torso and facial fibrofolliculomas, acrochordons, pneumothorax, and renal cell carcinoma. Although a rare syndrome, its prevalence is likely underestimated. Additionally, since it presents in patients' 20s or 30s, otherwise healthy members of the military may be affected, as with the index patient discussed in this case report.
Link failure recovery via diversity coding in 5G fronthaul wireless networks

In this paper we study the application of Diversity Coding to enable near-instantaneous recovery from link failures in 5G Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) networks. We focus on networks where remote radio heads in a C-RAN are connected to the baseband unit with wireless fronthaul links. In order to avoid retransmissions and rerouting delays due to link failures, we investigate use Diversity Coding where a feedforward network design uses forward error control across spatially diverse paths to enable reliable networking with minimal delay.
Enculturation Trajectories and Individual Attainment: An Interactional Language Use Model

How do people adapt to organizational culture and what are the consequences for their outcomes in the organization? These fundamental questions about culture have previously been examined using self-report measures, which are subject to reporting bias, rely on coarse cultural categories defined by researchers, and provide only static snapshots of cultural fit. In contrast, we develop an interactional language use model that overcomes these limitations and opens new avenues for theoretical development about the dynamics of organizational culture. To illustrate the power of this approach, we trace the enculturation trajectories of employees in a mid-sized technology firm based on analyses of 10.24 million internal emails. Our language-based measure of changing cultural fit: (1) predicts individual attainment; (2) reveals distinct patterns of adaptation for employees who exit voluntarily, exit involuntarily, and remain employed; and (3) demonstrates that rapid early cultural adaptation reduces the risk of in...
Highway-based vehicle sensors

The misnomer "Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems" means a great many things. It does leave you though, with the impression that something, either the vehicle, or the highway, or maybe both will be intelligent in some way. Simply put, this intelligence has something to do with handling information. This tutorial focuses on the 'smart highway' aspect of intelligent transportation systems, and particularly on how the highway, or infrastructure, acquires information. I will try to answer several types of questions, starting with what measurements are made and why. I will also try to peer into the future to see what new information roadway operators and planners may need as a result of legislative and other changes. Then I will review the variables that constitute this desired information. Finally, I will examine the technologies that are used to acquire the information now, and those that may in the future.
Midwestern US Farmers Perceive Crop Advisers as Conduits of Information on Agricultural Conservation Practices.

Nonpoint source pollution from agricultural land uses continues to pose one of the most significant threats to water quality in the US, with measurable impacts across local, regional, and national scales. The impact and the influence of targeted conservation efforts are directly related to the degree to which farmers are familiar with and trust the entities providing the information and/or outreach. Recent research suggests that farmers consistently rank independent and retail-affiliated crop advisers as among the most trusted and influential sources for agronomic information, but little is understood about whether farmers are willing to receive advice from crop advisers on the use of practices that conserve soil and water, and, if so, whether crop advisers will be perceived as influential. We present survey data from farmers (n = 1461) in Michigan’s Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) watershed to explore these questions. Results suggest that farmers view crop advisers as trustworthy sources of information about conservation, and influential on management practices that have large conservation implications. We discuss these results, along with perceived barriers and opportunities to crop advisers partnering with traditional conservation agencies to enhance the impact of voluntary conservation programs.
Why Do Clients Choose Nonlocal Auditors

We examine the client’s decision to engage a nonlocal auditor when close quality options are available. Clients seek nonlocal specialist auditors more often, but nonlocal engagements do not appear motivated by better pricing in distant markets. We show that, controlling for client-auditor distance, choosing a nonlocal auditor is associated with more restatements and litigation, suggesting that clients engage nonlocal auditors to avoid oversight. The effect of this choice on audit quality and client litigation hold in the context of a natural experiment where the cost of monitoring the client is decreased exogenously. Nonlocal engagements are ultimately detrimental to shareholder wealth.
Sisyphus and the Clockmaker: Two Views of the Rule of Law in Keally McBride's 'Mr. Mothercountry: The Man Who Made the Rule of Law'

This essay is an engagement with Keally McBride's excellent book, "Mr. Mothercountry: The Man Who Made the Rule of Law," and argues that the rule of law is not a law of rules, but a culture of self-restraint and humility.
Depression for college students in a traditional Christian culture context: the role of attachment, spirituality and social support

ABSTRACTThe role of attachment, perceived social support, and perceived discrepancy from spiritual ideal were assessed in their association with depression in college students in a Christian culture environment. Participants (N = 155) at a small Christian university completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire, and questions about satisfaction with social support and discrepancy of their spiritual well-being to an ideal spiritual well-being. Results showed that social support, insecure attachment and discrepancy from spiritual ideal were all significant predictors of depression. Attachment was found to moderate the association between perceived spiritual well-being and depression, with insecurely attached individuals more at risk for depression if they evaluate their spiritual development as lacking. Implications are discussed.
The association between office-based provider visits and emergency department utilization among publicly insured epilepsy patients. (P6.281)

Objective: To assess the relationship between office-based provider visits and Emergency Department utilization among publicly insured epilepsy patients. Background: The proportion of patients with epilepsy using emergency department (ED) is high. Increasing access to office-based provider may curb these visits. Design/Methods: The current analysis was based on 12-years of data representing a weighted sample of 842,249 publicly insured US adults aged > 18 years. The source of data was the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC), 2003–2014 data. The Hurdle Poisson model that accommodates excess zeros was used to estimate the effect of office-based visit on ED visit. Results: The annual mean ED visits and office-based visits for epilepsy and publicly insured population were 0.70 and 10.8 respectively. The probability of at least one ED visit increased by 0.4 % for every unit increase in office based visit. Four variables were associated with an increased likelihood of at least one ED visit including female sex, non-Hispanic Blacks, living in the South, the presence of comorbidities (all P Conclusions: In this representative sample of publicly insured adults, office-based provider visits did not reduce ED utilization. Office visits were associated with higher ED utilization as well as were Female sex, non-Hispanic Blacks, low-income, and the presence of comorbidities. Our findings suggest that effort to reduce ED visit should be devoted to other aspects of care not office-based visits alone. Disclosure: Dr. Bishu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ovbiagele has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lekoubou Looti has nothing to disclose.
Is Drinking Water a Significant Source of Human Exposure to Chemical Carcinogens and Mutagens

Drinking water has long been suspected as a medium through which chemical carcinogens and mutagens reach man. The first inquiries into this possibility were made by Heuper and Ruchhoft (1954), who tested carbon-chloroform extracts from the following samples: a gravity oil separator effluent from a petroleum refinery; raw water from a canal polluted by wastes from a petroleum refinery; raw water from Nitro, WV (the Kanawha River); and finished water from Cincinnati, OH (the Ohio River). These samples were applied topically to black male C57 mice in whole-animal carcinogenicity tests lasting one year. Samples from the refinery and the ship canal were carcinogenic; the raw water from Nitro and the finished water from Cincinnati gave negative results. While this study did not give direct evidence of carcinogens in drinking waters, it brought attention to the presence of such chemicals in surface waters used as sources for drinking water.
The Social Function of Property and the Human Capacity to Flourish

This Article offers suggestions about the appropriate definition of the five words “the social function of property”—so pregnant with meaning and promise, yet for many so ill defined. Although the Article does not address the development of the notion of the social function of property within a particular national tradition or experience, it makes reference to a wide range (with respect both to location and type of property) of examples from across Latin America and the Caribbean. In doing so, the Article seeks to do three things. First, it makes the normative case that “the social function of property” can usefully be understood as a notion that aims to secure the goal of human flourishing for all citizens within any state. This is important inasmuch as scholars, legislators and government officials, as well as activists and others for whom this notion matters, need constantly reexamine and clarify what is meant when we talk about property’s social function, remembering that while it may originally have been conceived— by Leon Duguit and others—to constitute a notional counterbalance to an uncritical affirmation of individual private property rights, it is not always so used exactly because the phrase is not self-defining and invites many interpretations. For example, one English language analysis of property’s social function, written by a Brazilian social scientist working in the United States, takes a distinctly neoliberal cast. The author argues, in no uncertain terms, that many interpretations of the concept have erred for their failure to acknowledge that property’s social function is best served by focusing on overall economic production and efficiency in a given society, allowing the market’s invisible hand to work its magic.1 By contrast, the goal of human flourishing helps clarify what is at stake when we make the case for property’s “social function” in the modern world. Arguably, ideas about property’s social function are now well
Understanding Intimate Partner Sexual Assaults: Findings from Sexual Assault Kits

In 2013, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, began DNA testing and investigating nearly 5000 previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits (SAKs) from 1993 through 2009. We examined case files from a sample of SAK...
Why thirteen Reasons Why may elicit suicidal ideation in some viewers, but help others

When the popular Netflix series 13 Reasons Why (13RW) debuted, scholars were quick to raise concerns that the show may encourage suicide as an option, particularly for vulnerable audience members; nonetheless, others pushed back, noting that the evidence used to draw a link between exposure to media and actual suicide risk suffers from methodological weaknesses and that censoring mental health topics may do more harm than good. The problem highlighted by the debate is that researchers generally lack the kinds of studies that would truly help us understand if a show like 13RW is problematic, and if it is, which specific storylines carry risk. Indeed, this general lack of the empirical evidence is precisely why the study by Arendt and his colleagues (2019) in this issue makes such an important contribution to the literature. With this commentary, I (1) review what we know and what we don't about the media, 13RW, and suicide, (2) discuss Arendt et al.'s unique insights, and (3) outline an agenda for future research that will allow us to better answer how, when, and for whom exposure to media stories like 13RW harms - or helps - youth.
The Fuzzy-Stochastic Entropy and the Concept of a Hybrid Measures of Uncertainty

This chapter is devoted to presenting the development of the theory of fuzzy-stochastic entropy through the construct of hybrid measures of general uncertainty from the possibility and probability spaces. It builds the epistemic frame from the discussions on the differences and similarities of possibility and probability spaces and their relationships to the certainty-uncertainty and necessity-freedom dualities with relational continuum and unity within the quality-quantity duality. The necessity is related to necessary conditions of knowing while the freedom is related to sufficient conditions of knowing. The discussions are extended to the construction of the possibility set and the probability set with analytical tools of indicator functions under a specific paradigm of thought as applicable to information conditions within the exact-inexact duality.
An examination of breastmilk composition among high altitude Peruvian women.

OBJECTIVE Relatively little is known about sources of variation in human breastmilk composition. Previous research posits that composition may be affected by the low oxygen environment found at high altitude (HA). Our objective is to compare the milk composition of a sample of HA Andeans to previously published data on HA Tibetans and low altitude (LA) Peruvians. METHODS Mid-feed milk samples were collected from 22 women and tested for lipid, carbohydrate and protein content in addition to dietary surveys and anthropometric measures. We examined relationships between maternal and infant characteristics (maternal BMI, adiposity, age, skinfold thickness, infant age) and milk composition using multiple regression analyses. A Welch-Satterthause t-test was used to compare summary measures from Andean sample and Tibetan samples. RESULTS Milk fat, sugar, and true protein content were correlated with different maternal and infant characteristics, with only waist to hip ratio negatively affecting fat and positively affecting sugar content in full models. Nunoan and LA Peruvian milk exhibited significantly lower lactose levels (6.01 ± .89 g/100 mL and 6.38 ± 0.03 g/100 mL) than Tibetans (7.25 ± 0.35 g/100 mL). Fat content among Nunoans was similar to that of Tibetans (4.5 ± 0.78 g/100 mL and 4.6 ± 1.51 g/100 mL, respectively), and higher than those of LA Peruvians. CONCLUSIONS Both HA populations demonstrate relatively high fat content and both Peruvian samples exhibited relatively higher protein and lower lactose than Tibetan samples, suggesting that both population-based differences in feeding behavior and climatic differences may influence composition.
Plague surveillance and control in Longlin county Guangxi from 2000 to 2009

Objective To analyze the outcome of surveillance results on plague and to provide the evidences for the policy making in Longlin county Guangxi. Methods The epidemic data and the surveillance results of plague were analyzed and assessed with epidemiology methods in Longlin county Guangxi from 2000 to 2009, and the density of rodents, the rodents infected with flea, flea index and other indicators were calculated. Regional composition of the rats and fleas were analyzed. Results A totally of 4829 rats were captured and 4737 fleas were collected in the past 10 years, Rattus Flavipestus(81.92%,3956/4829) and Xenopsylla Cheopis (79.04%,3744/4737) were dominant species. The annual average density of rodents, the rodents infected with flea, index of flea were 3.30%(4829/146 206), 27.99%(1351/4827) and 0.98(4737/4827), respectively. A totally of 4792 rats were examined and 10 strains Yersinia Pestis were isolated. Indirect hemorrhagic assessed(IHA) was used to test the F1 antibody against plague in the blood serum of the rats and indicator animals, and 3 positive rats and 24 positive animals were found, respectively. Twenty seven natural villages in 3 towns had been involved in the plague. Conclusions The plague foci exists in Longlin county of Guangxi province. The plague foci in the areas have the same feature with the plague foci of Rattus Flavipectus. There is a potential risk for plague in this region, we should improve the quality of surveillance, increase indicator animals of the plague, and try to apply new surveillance method. Key words: Plague; Epidemiology; Data collection
Joint Channel Equalization and Symbol Detection for IoT Devices in Severe Multipath Channels

Internet of Things (IoT) devices often transmit very short message blocks without strong error correction coding or pilots for channel equalization. When the transmitted signals encounter a severe multipath channel, the receiver is often unable to equalize the resulting inter-symbol interference (ISI) via traditional methods, leading to a high retransmission rate. This paper proposes a joint channel equalization and symbol detection scheme for this scenario by utilizing the preamble sequence as a training pilot for equalization and the relatively weak cyclic redundancy check (CRC) 8-Dallas code for error correction. By assuming a sparse channel impulse response, the proposed joint channel equalization and symbol detection scheme formulates an l 1 norm constrained optimization problem and solves it by a saddle-point algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to a set of real-world underwater animal tracking IoT data, and the results show improvement of correct message detection rate from 21.5% (direct symbol decisions) to 41.6% (equalization and decoding).
Necrobotany and the green burials of John Keats

An enthusiastic amateur gardener in 1820s’ London, looking to grow a potted basil plant for their kitchen, might find themselves in possession of some unusual advice: read a poem, and have you cons...
HST/GHRS Observations of Cool, Low-gravity Stars. VI. Mass-loss Rates and Wind Parameters for M Giants

The photon-scattering winds of M giants absorb parts of the chromospheric emission lines and produce self-reversed spectral features in high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/GHRS spectra. These spectra provide an opportunity to assess fundamental parameters of the wind, including flow and turbulent velocities, the optical depth of the wind above the region of photon creation, and the star’s mass-loss rate. This paper is the last paper in the series “GHRS Observations of Cool, Low-Gravity Stars”; the last several have compared empirical measurements of spectral emission lines with models of the winds and mass loss of K giants and supergiants. We have used the Sobolev with Exact Integration radiative transfer code, along with simple models of the outer atmosphere and wind, to determine and compare the wind characteristics of the two M-giant stars, gamma Cru (M3.5III) and mu Gem (M3IIIab), with previously derived values for low-gravity K-stars. The analysis specifies the wind parameters and calculates line profiles for the Mg II resonance lines, in addition to a range of unblended Fe II lines. Our line sample covers a large range of wind opacities and, therefore, probes a range of heights in the atmosphere. Our results show that mu Gem has a slower and more turbulent wind than gamma Cru. Also, mu Gem has a weaker chromosphere, in terms of surface flux, with respect to gamma Cru. This suggests that mu Gem is more evolved than gamma Cru. Comparing the two M giants in this work with previously studied K-giant and supergiant stars (alpha Tau, gamma Dra, and lambda Vel) reveals that the M giants have slower winds than the earlier giants, but exhibit higher mass-loss rates. Our results are interpreted in the context of the winds being driven by Alfven waves.
Liver Laceration with Palmer's Point Entry in the Super Obese Patient

Study Objective The purpose of this video is to present an uncommon liver laceration complication with Palmer's Point entry and describe considerations for laparoscopic entry in the obese patient. Design In this surgical video, we present a case report of a liver laceration during laparoscopic entry with Palmer's Point on an obese patient with a body mass index of eighty-seven. Given this patient's super obesity, both her external and internal anatomy were distorted contributing to our surgical complication. Additionally, we describe strategies and considerations for laparoscopic entry in the obese patient with specific emphasis on the consideration of hepatomegaly due to fatty liver disease. Finally, we discuss the management of liver lacerations as recommended by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Setting Operating room. Patients or Participants 34-year-old patient with super obesity presenting to our emergency room department with a large pelvic mass. Interventions Laparoscopic cystectomy. Measurements and Main Results N/A Conclusion A diagnosis of hepatomegaly must be considered in the super obese patient prior to planning laparoscopic entry using Palmer's point.