cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUBSURFACE PENETRATION OF CHEMISORBED HYDROGEN ISOTOPES INTO THE Ru(0001) CRYSTAL SURFACE

Abstract The coadsorption of H2 and D2 on Ru(0001) has been studied by thermal programmed desorption. An inverse kinetic isotope effect comparing H2, HD and D2 desorption has been observed with D2 desorption being most rapid for temperatures above ∼350 K. This effect is attributed to a normal isotopic enhancement of H(ads) penetration into subsurface sites on Ru(0001) during the rapid temperature rise of 10 K s−1 following low-temperature adsorption. Annealing an H(ads)+D(ads) monolayer to 362 K for 90 s eliminates the isotope effect in the desorption results by allowing sufficient time to establish an equilibrium distribution of both isotopes in the subsurface sites. These data are consistent with photoemission and HREELS results on (111) facets of Ni, Pt, Pd, and Cu which also have suggested facile H-penetration into subsurface sites.
Chemokines in tumor progression and metastasis

// Purvaba J. Sarvaiya 1 , Donna Guo 1 , Ilya Ulasov 1 , Patrik Gabikian 1 and Maciej S. Lesniak 1 1 The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Correspondence: Maciej S. Lesniak, email: // Keywords : Chemokines, chemokine receptors, cancer, metastasis Received : September 19, 2013 Accepted : November 8, 2013 Published : November 9, 2013 Abstract Chemokines play a vital role in tumor progression and metastasis. Chemokines are involved in the growth of many cancers including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, gastric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, colon cancer, non-small lung cancer and non-hodgkin’s lymphoma among many others. The expression of chemokines and their receptors is altered in many malignancies and leads to aberrant chemokine receptor signaling. This review focuses on the role of chemokines in key processes that facilitate tumor progression including proliferation, senescence, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition, immune evasion and metastasis.
Reliability and Justification

According to a simple version of the reliability theory of epistemic justification, a belief is justified if and only if the process leading to that belief is reliable.1 The idea behind this theory is simple and attractive. There are a variety of mental or cognitive processes that result in beliefs. Some of these processes are reliable?they generally yield true beliefs?and the beliefs they produce are justified. Other processes are unreliable and the beliefs they produce are unjustified. So, for example, reliable processes such as perception and memory yield justified beliefs while an unreliable process such as wishful thinking?believing something as a result of wishing that it is true?yields unjustified beliefs. One of the things that has most attracted philosophers to the reliability theory is the fact it is a "naturalistic" theory of justification. That is, it pro vides an account of the troublesome normative notion of justification in terms of scientifically respectable, non-normative, non-evaluative concepts. In this respect, the reliability theory is an epistemological analogue of some versions of utilitarianism in ethics. In this paper I want to raise a problem for the reliability theory that concerns the belief-forming processes to which it appeals. My general claim is that the theory is simply false when conjoined with any of the accounts of these processes proposed or suggested by defenders of the theory. It is only by describing processes in an arbitrary and ad hoc way, on a case by case basis, that the reliability theory even seems plausible.
Why Compatibilists Need Alternative Possibilities

Defenders of compatibilism occupy one of two camps: those who think that free will requires the ability to do otherwise, and those who deny this. Those compatibilists who think that free will requires the ability to do otherwise are interested in defending a reading of ‘can’ such that one can do otherwise even if determinism is true. By contrast, those compatibilists who think that free will does not require the ability to do otherwise tend to join incompatibilists in denying that determinism is compatible with the ability to do otherwise. The primary goal of this paper is to fight for the first camp and against the second camp. The secondary goal is to draw greater attention to a relatively overlooked aspect of the debate about alternative possibilities: that giving up on alternative possibilities might mean giving up on much of morality.
What Constitutes Self-Help in Mental Health and What Can Be Done to Improve It?

The self-help (SH) movement in mental health (MH) is on the rise and its growth is necessary and inevitable. SH is an attempt by people with a mutual problem to take control over adverse circumstances in their lives. Formal SH efforts in general involve participation in organized groups for individuals with similar problems or in more differentiated and structured multi-service agencies. SH agencies include independent-living programs that help members to access material resources and gain practical skills, as well as drop-in community centers that provide a space for members to socialize, build a supportive community, and obtain advocacy and a gamut of independent-living services. SH agencies are distinguished from SH groups that work to help individuals gain control over or acceptance of their problems in that they are formal organizations providing services and often have a parallel focus on efforts directed toward changing social conditions. For example, some SH agencies are set up to assist poverty-stricken ex-patients and adopt the belief that members’ problems result from social and economic inequities; however, these agencies also take the position that members must be responsible for making changes in their own lives and for reforming social structures. On the other hand, agencies may also reject the victimhood mentality and adopt the position that some poverty-stricken ex-patients (primarily addicts, criminals, and the attitudinally challenged/those with poor work ethics) are in their undesirable situation due to the sum total of the decisions they have made in their lives.
Skill and masculinity in Olympic weightlifting: Training cues and cultivated craziness in Georgia

At the Georgian Weightlifting Federation in Tbilisi, Georgia, a mainstay of coaching is the training cue, a shouted word or phrase that coaches use to prompt weightlifters to perform in a certain psychological, physical, or technical way. In this practice, coaches cultivate and naturalize dimensions of physiology and psychology, aligning masculinity with animality, lack of restraint, and emotional surfeit, and femininity with gracefulness, control, and good technique. Although Olympic weightlifting remains stereotypically hypermasculine, coaches compliment female weightlifters’ technique as superior to men's and train their athletes to integrate masculine “nature” and feminine “culture” in the expression of physical strength. In doing so, coaches do not instill fully formed subjectivities but manage embodied forms, using exclamatory cues to disaggregate the athlete into action, affect, and anatomy. [post-Soviet sport, masculinity, coaching, weightlifting, strength, technique, Georgia]
Timed Excretion of 5-Hydroxy Indoleacetic Acid after Oral Administration of Bananas and 5-Hydroxytryptamine

SummaryAbsorption of 5-HT, including that present in banana pulp, is quite rapid and fairly complete. Conversion to 5-HIAA and renal excretion of this metabolite are accomplished without delay. In ...
Smart training in neurocomputing modeling of data rich systems

In this paper,“smart” training is introduced to increase the accuracy of neurocomputing modeling and reduce the time required to develop neurocomputing applications. It is shown that both objectives are attained by (i) partitioning the training data into contiguous subsets whose response belongs to a similar class, and (ii) designating different neural networks to fitting partitioned data, (iii) using a statistical algorithm to prescribe the accuracy of approximations, and (iv) employing genetic processing to initialize a network for training. It is demonstrated that all non-trivial decision-making required to automate the training can be handled using a fuzzy set theory approach. The smart training is applied to a complicated, highly non-linear 3-dimensional field represented by about forty thousand discrete points to demonstrate the applicability of the approach to data rich systems.
Immuno-regulated common markers but different network signatures in two associated cancers: evidences from epigenetic treatment.

Background: Networks are now widely accepted inference tools in translational oncology. Besides providing agnostic model frameworks for complex data-driven clinical problems of diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic impacts, networks mainly support insights, testable hypotheses and decision processes on the basis of their topological configurations and connectivity patterns. Methods: The purpose of this study is to emphasize the role of both gene and network signatures in two specific cancers. Retinoblastoma (RB) and osteosarcoma are associated to some extent. It is known that patients who carry germline mutations in the RB1 gene, and who survive RB, are typically at an increased risk of early-onset second cancers, including osteosarcomas. Gene signatures are widely used, but also criticized for their partial lack of reproducibility. Network signatures include gene association dynamics by identifying modules or communities in which subsets of genes functionally belong. Results: Two cancer cell lines (one per cancer type) were subjected to a similar epigenetic treatment regimen, using a demethylation agent (DAC, and including similar dose and time course administration). A minimal set of shared differentially expressed (DEG) genes was identified in cancer-specific cell lines from microarray analyses. However, the identified immune signatures were observed to translate into much diversified network signatures. Conclusions: Our evidence is relevant to therapeutic developments, indicating that preference should be assigned to the assessment of bio-entities in a connected environment rather than considering single entities alone.
Gallbladder Toxicity and High Dose Ablative Intent Radiation for Liver Tumors: Should We Constrain the Dose?

Purpose Little is known about the risk of gallbladder toxicity from hypofractionated (HFXRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We report on gallbladder toxicity and attribution to treatment in a prospective series of patients with primary and metastatic liver tumors receiving ablative-intent HFXRT and SBRT with protons. Methods and materials We evaluated 93 patients with intact gallbladders enrolled in either of 2 trials investigating proton HFXRT and SBRT for primary and metastatic liver tumors from 2009 to 2014. Patients received 45 to 67.5 GyE in 15 fractions for primary liver tumors (n = 45) and 30 to 50 GyE in 5 fractions for metastatic tumors (n = 48). No gallbladder dose constraints were used at treatment, and gallbladder volumes and dose-volume histograms were created retrospectively. Attributable toxicity was defined as cholecystitis or perforation without preexisting gallbladder disease. Baseline factors were evaluated using Fisher exact test and the nonparametric K-sample test. Results At baseline, 25 patients had preexisting cholelithiasis and 15 underwent biliary stenting before or after RT. Median follow-up after treatment was 11.8 months (range, 0.1-59.2 months). Despite maximum gallbladder doses >70 GyE in 41%, >80 GyE in 31%, and >90 GyE in 13% (equieffective dose at 2 Gy [EQD2], α/β = 3), there were no attributable cases of gallbladder toxicity. Two patients developed grade 3 and 4 cholecystitis 16 and 2 months after treatment, respectively, and both had a strong history of preexisting cholelithiasis and biliary stenting. These patients received relatively low gallbladder doses with mean doses of 0.02 GyE and 5.1 GyE (EQD2, α/β = 3), well below the 17.1 GyE mean for the remaining cohort (range, 0-81.1 GyE, EQD2). Conclusions We identified no relationship between gallbladder dose and toxicity and did not reach the maximum tolerated gallbladder dose in this cohort treated with high-dose radiation. We recommend not constraining dose to the gross tumor volume to protect the gallbladder during ablative HFXRT and SBRT.
Impact of Large-capacity SVC on Transformer Differential Protection and the Solutions

The large-capacity static var compensator(SVC)is applied in actual projects.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that,a large amount of 3,5 and other odd harmonic currents will be injected into the fault-point from the SVC equipment when faults occur on the low-voltage side of the transformer.What is more,the harmonic current is significant in content and slow in attenuation rate.Traditional transformer differential protection usually adopts harmonic blocking methods to prevent incorrect operation from current transformer saturation at external faults,magnetizing inrush current and overexcitation.Harmonic currents produced by the large-capacity SVC equipment may make the harmonic blocking element make a wrong judgment,leading to slow operation of the differential protection or even failure to operate.To solve this problem,the 2nd harmonic rather than 3rd harmonic should be used in TA saturation criterion.Digital simulation test is performed to verify the validity of theoretical analysis.
When More Intelligent Tutoring in the Form of Buggy Messages Does not Help

This paper reports on the null results from two large scale randomized controlled trials that were run in the ASSISTments online tutoring system. Both studies attempted to use reactive buggy messages to help students learn; one in the form of short 20–30 second videos and another in the form of large color-coded text. Bug messages were supplied for common wrong answers for one-step equation problems in both studies. Despite the large amount of prior research done on error analysis, both interventions using the predicted common wrong answers were unsuccessful at helping students.
Morphologic diversity of plasma cell neoplasms

Objective To investigate the architectural and cytological variations of plasma cellneoplasms, and discuss the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods Histological and immunohistochemical examinations were used to study the morphologic and immunophenotypic features of 46cases of plasma cell neoplasms. Results 40 out of 46 cases were diffuse growth pattern. 3 cases had a nestlike architecture that can mimic neuroendocrine tumors and 3 cases had a prominent fibrous sclerosis background. Amyloid deposition, calcification or ossification and angiomatoid areas can be prominent and may obscure the neoplastic plasma cells. Cytologically, 30 cases were composed of relatively mature plasma cells and can be recognized without too much difficulty. Tumor cells resembled immunoblasts in 6 cases and small lymphocytes in 4 cases. In another 2 cases tumor cells were easily confused with Signet-ring cells or clear cells. Tumor cells were composed of anaplastic cells, histocytoid cells and spindle cells in each one case, respectively. Lastly, tumor cells can be polymorphous which composed of multilobated, monocytoid or multinucleated cells in one case. 93. 1% (27/29) cases expressed CD79a while only 5. 1% (2/39) cases expressed CD20. 87.1% (27/31) cases expressed CD38 and 83.3% (25/30) cases expressed CD138,96. 8% (30/31) cases expressed MUM-1. Light chain restrictions were detected in 38 cases, that 27 cases expressed lambda and 11 for kappa. Conclusions Except for the common architecture and cytology in plasma cell tumor, unusual morphology may appear. Thus, pay attention to distinguish from lymphoma such as small lymphocytic lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pooly differentiated carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma or Signet-ring cell carcinoma, sarcoma, etc. And immunohistochemistry is essential in the diagonosis. Key words: Plasmacytoma; Histology; Diagnosis,differential
Essentiality and toxicity of selenium with respect to recommended dietary allowances and reference doses.

dysfunction characterized by clinical signs in "deficiency" syndromes, whereas excessive selenium intake can alter function, usually in different ways that are characterized by other signs of toxicity (1). Two constructs have been developed in the United States for considering the health implications of extremes in selenium exposure, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), derived by a committee of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Coun
Greenhouse Study to Determine the Host Range of the Kudzu Bug, Megacopta cribraria (Heteroptera: Plataspidae)

Summary Field-collected adult kudzu bugs, Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Heteroptera: Plataspidae), were exposed over a 5 to 6 wk period to 21 potted plant species in a greenhouse. Egg masses were deposited and nymphs completed development to the adult stage on kudzu, soybean, alfalfa, white clover, white sweet clover, red clover, perennial peanut, and American joint vetch. However, corn, sorghum, tomato, bell pepper, Johnsongrass, perennial ryegrass, partridge pea, garden pea, rattlepods, stylo, crimson clover, hairy indigo, and Florida beggarweed were not utilized by the kudzu bug as reproductive hosts. Implications and potential damage to Florida commercial crops and forages are reviewed.
Prehistoric Subsistence at the Kiewit Site, Northwestern Arizona

ABSTRACTThe Kiewit Site, Arizona G:15:22 (ASM), was a multi- component site located approximately 15.5 km southwest of Seligman, Arizona. The site was investigated as part of the continuing program of Highway Salvage Archaeology in Arizona. This report presents the data recovered from the site and attempts to evaluate the subsistence activities at the site. Nine discrete loci were defined at the site and they represented a time span of as much as 1,000 years. Despite the large temporal range of the site, the majority of subsistence activities identified were related to large game hunting, probably deer. These interpretations tend to support Matson's (1974) contention of a long term stable prehistoric subsistence system in northwestern Arizona.
One size doesn’t fit all in Ph-like ALL

In this issue of Blood, Tasian et al provide compelling evidence that tailored therapies are an effective strategy in treating genetically defined Philadelphia chromosome–like (Ph-like) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).1
Pesticide and nitrate transport in an agriculturally influenced stream in Indiana

Agrochemicals can be transported from agricultural fields into streams where they might have adverse effects on water quality and ecosystems. Three enrichment experiments were conducted in a central Indiana stream to quantify pesticide and nitrogen transport dynamics. In an enrichment experiment, a compound solution is added at a constant rate into a stream to increase compound background concentration. A conservative tracer (e.g., bromide) is added to determine discharge. Water and sediment samples are taken at several locations downstream to measure uptake metrics. We assessed transport of nitrate, atrazine, metolachlor, and carbaryl through direct measurement of uptake length (S w ), uptake velocity (V f ), and areal uptake (U). S w measures the distance traveled by a nutrient along the stream reach. V f measures the velocity a nutrient moves from the water column to immobilization sites. U represents the amount of nutrient immobilized in an area of streambed per unit of time. S w varied less than one order of magnitude across pesticides. The highest S w for atrazine suggests greater transport to downstream ecosystems. Across compounds, pesticide S w was longest in August relative to October and July. V f varied less than one order of magnitude across pesticides with the highest V f for metolachlor. U varied three orders of magnitude across pesticides with the highest U associate with sediment-bound carbaryl. Increasing nitrate S w suggests a lower nitrate demand of biota in this stream. Overall, pesticide transport was best predicted by compound solubility which can complement and improve models of pesticide abundance used by water quality programs and risk assessments.
Responding to the Challenges of Gifted Education in Rural Communities

There are both achievement and opportunity gaps for low-income students when compared to their economically advantaged peers; and, for rural students, these gaps may be even more pronounced. In this manuscript we draw from our ongoing work in a five-year federally-funded, Jacob K. Javits grant focusing on promoting gifted education in rural schools. To address issues of under-identification of gifted students in these settings, and to investigate ways to maximize achievement, we established an alternative process for identifying gifted students in rural schools; and we created units integrating place-based pedagogy within an evidence-based curriculum model as an intervention. Finally, we discuss preliminary findings from the pilot year and first half of the second year of the study documenting success in augmenting the pool of identified students and engaging teachers in implementing the curriculum. Perhaps more importantly, we document lessons learned and more global takeaways for the field. Specifically, we discuss the influence of deficit thinking with regard to rural schooling (and subsequent recognition of gifts and talents), the risk of generalizing rural to all rural places, and the nuances of rural poverty not captured in commonly used metrics, such as Free and Reduced Lunch.
Raman scattering of Cisplatin near silver nanoparticles

Abstract The Raman scattering of Cisplatin (the first generation of anticancer drugs) has been studied. In the presence of silver nanoparticles, strong modifications of Raman spectra have been observed. The Raman frequencies have been shifted and the line profiles are broadened. We develop a theoretical model to explain the observed features of the Raman scattering. The model takes into account self-consistently the interaction of molecules with surface plasmonic waves excited in the silver nanoparticles, and it provides a qualitative agreement with the observed Raman spectra. We have demonstrated that the using silver nanoparticles can increase sensitivity of the technique, and potentially it has a broader range of applications to both spectroscopy and microscopy.
Reducing Crossflow Effects in Arrays of Impinging Jets

With increasing heat fluxes in microelectronics, thermal management of these devices will soon no longer be attainable through current methods. One thermal management technology that could be integrated into the design of microelectronics is jet impingement cooling. Past research has primarily focused on evenly spaced, equal-sized, circular or slot jets perpendicular to the surface. A significant problem associated with this technology, especially as the surface to be cooled increases in size, is crossflow. This is the interaction of the transverse flow from the spent inner jet fluid with the jets closer to the outer edge of the surface. In an attempt to attenuate the crossflow effects, the heat transfer performance of jet arrays with non-uniform jet diameter and jet spacing were investigated. The testing apparatus housed a 3D-printed jet array nozzle that could be easily exchanged to accommodate many tests. The use of advanced manufacturing techniques allows for array geometries that may have previously been difficult to create. The impingement surface was a circular, polished, oxygen-free copper surface with a diameter of 25.4 mm. Heat transfer rates nearing 400 W could be delivered to the surface, for a heat flux of more than 75 W/cm2. The working fluid was single phase water, and the heat transfer rate was measured for each jet array over a range of flow rates. Experimental data was compared to simulation data obtained through CFD analysis. CFD modeling was used to predict the most promising geometries, which were then validated through experiment. Out of the nozzles tested, it was determined that the nozzle with larger diameters toward the edge of the surface attained the highest heat transfer rate of h = 38,822 W/m2-K. The nozzle with closer jet spacing at the outside of the array was found to have the highest experimental Nusselt number with NuD = 88.8. It was determined that angled confining walls do not have a definitive association with improved heat transfer. The simulation data was found to predict the heat transfer performance of the various geometries with an average percent difference in heat transfer coefficient of 11%.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Hydrophobic Collapse Initiates the Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Volume Phase Transition Reaction Coordinate.

The best-known examples of smart, responsive hydrogels derive from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) cross-linked polymer networks. These hydrogels undergo volume phase transitions (VPTs) triggered by temperature, chemical, and/or environmental changes. PNIPAM hydrogels can undergo more than 50-fold volume changes within ∼1 μs intervals. Studies have tried to elucidate the molecular mechanism of these extraordinarily large responses. Nevertheless, the molecular reaction coordinates that drive the VPT remain unclear. Using visible nonresonance Raman temperature-jump spectroscopy, we determined the molecular ordering of this VPT. The PNIPAM hydrophobic isopropyl and methylene groups dehydrate with time constants of 109 ± 64 and 104 ± 44 ns, initiating the volume collapse of PNIPAM. The subsequent dehydration of the PNIPAM amide groups is significantly slower, as our group previously discovered (360 ± 85 ns). This determination of the ordering of the molecular reaction coordinate of the PNIPAM VPT enables...
Effect of Postmortem Interval and Years in Storage on RNA Quality of Tissue at a Repository of the NIH NeuroBioBank

Brain tissue from 1068 donors was analyzed for RNA quality as a function of postmortem interval (PMI) and years in storage. Approximately 83% of the cortical and cerebellar samples had an RNA integrity number (RIN) of 6 or greater, indicating their likely suitability for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction research. The average RIN value was independent of the PMI, up to at least 36 hours. The RNA quality for specific donated brains could not be predicted based on the PMI. Individual samples with a low PMI could have a poor RIN value, while a sample with a PMI over 36 hours may have a high RIN value. The RIN values for control brain donors, all of whom died suddenly and unexpectedly, were marginally higher than for individuals with clinical brain disorders. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of samples confirmed that RIN values were more critical than PMI for determining suitability of tissue for molecular biological studies and samples should be matched by their RIN values rather than PMI. Importantly, PCR analysis established that tissue stored up to 23 years at -80°C yielded high-quality RNA. These results confirm that postmortem human brain tissue collected by brain and tissue banks over decades can serve as high quality material for the study of human disorders.
Pharmacologic assessment of bovine ruminal and mesenteric vascular serotonin receptor populations.

Prior work using a contractility bioassay determined that the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT2A is present in bovine lateral saphenous veins and plays a role in ergot alkaloid (EA)-induced vascular contraction in steers grazing endophyte-infected (Epichloe coenophiala) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). Ergot alkaloids have also been shown to be vasoactive in bovine gut vasculature. To determine what 5-HT receptors are involved in vasoconstriction of gut vasculature, contractility of ruminal and mesenteric arteries and veins collected from cattle was evaluated in the presence of agonists selective for 5-HT1B (CP 93129), 5-HT1D (L-694, 247), 5-HT2A (TCB-2), 5-HT2B (BW 723C86), 5-HT4 (BIMU-8), and 5-HT7 (LP 44) receptors. Segments of ruminal and mesenteric veins and arteries were collected and suspended in a multimyograph containing continuously oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Blood vessels were exposed to increasing concentrations of 5-HT agonists every 15 min and contractile response data were normalized as a percentage of the maximum contractile response induced by 120 mM KCl. Analysis of variance was evaluated using mixed models procedure of SAS for effects of agonist concentration for each vessel type. Receptor agonists for 5-HT2B, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT7 did not induce a contractile response for ruminal or mesenteric vasculature (P > 0.05). However, when exposed to agonists for 5-HT2B or 5-HT1D, mesenteric veins relaxed below zero (P < 0.05). Exposure of all 4 blood vessel types to 5-HT2A agonist induced contractile responses (P < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that 5-HT1D and 5-HT2B are present in mesenteric veins and may play a role in vasorelaxation. Further, 5-HT2A is present in ruminal and mesenteric vasculature, plays a role in vasoconstriction of these vessels, and could be influenced by EA exposure as has been demonstrated in peripheral blood vessels.
Non-coding RNA dysregulation in the amygdala region of schizophrenia patients contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a complex genetic etiology. The redundancy of the gene networks underlying SCZ indicates that many gene combinations have the potential to cause a system dysfunction that can manifest as SCZ or a related neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent studies show that small non-coding microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are important factors in shaping these networks and are dynamically regulated by neuronal activation. We investigated the genome-wide transcription profiles of 46 human amygdala samples obtained from 22 SCZ patients and 24 healthy controls. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we determined lncRNA expression levels in all samples and generated miRNA profiles for 27 individuals (13 cases and 14 controls). Previous studies have identified differentially expressed miRNAs in SCZ, including miR-132, miR-212, and miR-34a/miR-34c. Here we report differential expression of a novel miRNA, miR1307, in SCZ. Notably, miR1307 maps to a locus previously associated with SCZ through GWAS. Additionally, one lncRNA that was overexpressed in SCZ, AC005009.2, also maps to a region previously associated with SCZ based on GWAS and overlapped SCZ-related genes. The results were replicated in a large independent data set of 254 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex samples from the CommonMind consortium. Taken together, these results suggest that miRNA and lncRNAs are important contributors to the pathogenesis of SCZ.
Heat equation model for rod and thin plate by partial q-difference operator

Heat equation model for homogeneous rod and thin plate based on Newton’s law of cooling is constructed by partial q-difference operator. The propagation of heat, the nature of material used and its corresponding solutions of heat equations are the focus of this paper. In particular, logarithmic solution for this heat equation model is arrived. Through numerical simulations and diagrams generated using MATLAB, solutions are validated and relevant applications are derived.
The Ontological Status of Species as Evolutionary Units

Reference to the species problem today might sound quaint and vaguely anachronistic. Perhaps the species problem was of some importance ages ago in the philosophical dispute between nominalists and essentialists or a century ago in biology when Darwin introduced his theory of organic evolution, but it certainly is of no contemporary interest. But’ species’, like the terms ‘gene’, ‘electron’, ‘non-local simultaneity’, and ‘element’, is a theoretical term embedded in a significant scientific theory. At one time the nature of the physical elements was an important issue in physics. The transition from the elements being defined in terms of gross traits, to specific density, to molecular weight, to atomic number was important in the development of atomic theory. The transition in biology from genes being defined in terms of unit characters, to production of enzymes, to coding for specific polypep-tides, to structurally defined segments of nucleic acid was equally important in the growth of modern genetics. A comparable transition is taking place with respect to the species concept and is equally important.
Cloning of aMicrobispora bispora cellobiohydrolase gene inEscherichia coli

Cellobiohydrolase II was purified from aMicrobispora bispora culture filtrate and a monoclonal antibody to it was prepared. Screening aM. bispora genomic library inEscherichia coli with this antibody yielded three equivalent clones. Subcloning resulted in greater expression, and activity could be monitored using 4-methylumbelliferylcellobioside. Southern analysis provided evidence that there is a single gene coding for CBH II. The original 22-kb fragment was reduced to 4 kb and subcloned into pUC118/119 resulting in a doubling of expression CBH II. The gene was expressed via its own promoter. The optimal pH (6.5) and the optimal temperature (60°C) of the cloned enzyme are similar to that of the native CBH II.
INCONSISTENCY OF THE LOCAL FIELD THEORY OF CHARGED SPIN 3/2 PARTICLES

Abstract The relativistic quantum theory of Fermi Dirac fields of arbitrary spin is investigated and a general theorem is proved which aserts that for fields of half integral spin > 1 2 , the possibility of a consistent quantization requires that the equal-time anticommutators must be functions of the other fields to which the field in question is coupled. The case of spin 3 2 is studied in detail and the equivalence of various formulations of the theory is shown. The inconsistency of the relativistic local quantum theory of a charged spin 3 2 field in interaction with an external electromagnetic field is demonstrated by showing that the equal time commutation relations and relativistic covariance of the theory are not compatible. Finally, the mixed spin 3 2 - spin 1 2 (Bhabha) field is found to be characterized by the same inconsistency.
Growth Hormone Improves Nerve Regeneration, Muscle Re-innervation, and Functional Outcomes After Chronic Denervation Injury

This study investigates the efficacy of systemic growth hormone (GH) therapy in ameliorating the deleterious effects of chronic denervation (CD) injury on nerve regeneration and resulting motor function. Using a forelimb CD model, 4 groups of Lewis rats were examined (n = 8 per group): Group-1 (negative control) 8 weeks of median nerve CD followed by ulnar-to-median nerve transfer; Group-2 (experimental) 8 weeks of median nerve CD followed by ulnar-to-median nerve transfer and highly purified lyophilized pituitary porcine GH treatment (0.6 mg/day); Group-3 (positive control) immediate ulnar-to-median nerve transfer without CD; Group-4 (baseline) naive controls. All animals underwent weekly grip strength testing and were sacrificed 14 weeks following nerve transfer for histomorphometric analysis of median nerve regeneration, flexor digitorum superficialis atrophy, and neuromuscular junction reinnervation. In comparison to untreated controls, GH-treated animals demonstrated enhanced median nerve regeneration as measured by axon density (p < 0.005), axon diameter (p < 0.0001), and myelin thickness (p < 0.0001); improved muscle re-innervation (27.9% vs 38.0% NMJs re-innervated; p < 0.02); reduced muscle atrophy (1146 ± 93.19 µm2 vs 865.2 ± 48.33 µm2; p < 0.02); and greater recovery of motor function (grip strength: p < 0.001). These findings support the hypothesis that GH-therapy enhances axonal regeneration and maintains chronically-denervated muscle to thereby promote motor re-innervation and functional recovery.
Situs Inversus Totalis.

Situs Inversus Totalis A 66-year-old man presented with cough and pain in his chest and on the left side of his abdomen. Physical examination and imaging revealed situs inversus totalis.
Thermal Oxidation of AlInN for III-Nitride Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices

The oxidation of semiconductors is a fundamental building block of many modern electronic devices. The prime example is the oxidation of silicon into silicon dioxide, which is used as a gate dielec...
Genetic characterization of norovirus isolated in an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Jiangsu province

Objective: To analyze the genetic characterization of norovirus isolated in an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Jiangsu province. Methods: Extracted viral RNA from the swab samples of cases of acute gastroenteritis outbreak in Jiangsu province on December 16-27, 2016 was reversely transcribed to cDNA, and partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence and complete capsid sequence (VP1) were amplified by RT-PCR. Amplification products were sequenced for the analysis of genetic characteristics. Results: Based on sequence alignment, the variant shared a high level of identity with the strain GⅡ.g isolated in Spain and Finland (98.7%) in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region, and with the strain GⅡ.1 isolated in American (99.4%) in the VP1. The recombination was determined by using software Simplot, and the breakpoint of recombination was located in the ORF1/2 overlap region at position 5 106 of VP1. The result of amino acids alignment in capsid region showed that there were no mutations in the amino acids of the predicted epitopes and receptor binding site Ⅰ-Ⅲ, but a unique amino acid change was detected at position 132 (N-S). Conclusion: The norovirus isolated in the outbreak of gastroenteritis in Jiangsu province was a rare recombinant norovirus variant GⅡ.g-GⅡ.1.
Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Design for Distributed Energy Resource Systems

The integration of communication-enabled grid-support functions in distributed energy resources (DER) and other smart grid features will increase the U.S. power grid's exposure to cyber-physical attacks. Unwanted changes in DER system data and control signals can damage electrical infrastructure and lead to outages. To protect against these threats, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) can be deployed, but their implementation presents a unique set of challenges in industrial control systems (ICSs), New approaches need to be developed that not only sense cyber anomalies, but also detect undesired physical system behaviors. For DER systems, a combination of cyber security data and power system and control information should be collected by the IDS to provide insight into the nature of an anomalous event. This allows joint forensic analysis to be conducted to reveal any relationships between the observed cyber and physical events. In this paper, we propose a hybrid IDS approach that monitors and evaluates both physical and cyber network data in DER systems, and present a series of scenarios to demonstrate how our approach enables the cyber-physical IDS to achieve more robust identification and mitigation of malicious events on the DER system.
Drug responses are conserved across patient-derived xenograft models of melanoma leading to identification of novel drug combination therapies

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse tumour models can predict response to therapy in patients. Predictions made from PDX cultures (PDXC) would allow for more rapid and comprehensive evaluation of potential treatment options for patients, including drug combinations. We developed a PDX library of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, and a high-throughput drug-screening (HTDS) platform utilising clinically relevant drug exposures. We then evaluated 34 antitumor agents across eight melanoma PDXCs, compared drug response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors alone or in combination with PDXC and the corresponding PDX, and investigated novel drug combinations targeting BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma. The concordance of cancer-driving mutations across patient, matched PDX and subsequent PDX generations increases as variant allele frequency (VAF) increases. There was a high correlation in the magnitude of response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors between PDXCs and corresponding PDXs. PDXCs and corresponding PDXs from metastatic melanoma patients that progressed on standard-of-care therapy demonstrated similar resistance patterns to BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy. Importantly, HTDS identified novel drug combinations to target BRAF-resistant melanoma. The biological consistency observed between PDXCs and PDXs suggests that PDXCs may allow for a rapid and comprehensive identification of treatments for aggressive cancers, including combination therapies.
Nieuw onderzoek advance care planning dementie

Het belang van advance care planning bij dementie is groot, mede gezien het verlies van de wilsbekwaamheid in de loop van de tijd. Er is echter nog veel onduidelijk over advance care planning bij dementie in de huisartsenpraktijk. Nieuw onderzoek moet helderheid brengen.
CryoEM Structure of Drosophila Flight Muscle Thick Filaments at 7Å Resolution

Striated muscle thick filaments are composed of myosin II and several non-myosin proteins. Myosin II′s long α-helical coiled-coil tail forms the dense protein backbone of filaments while its N-terminal globular head containing the catalytic and actin binding activities extends outward from the backbone. Here we report the structure of thick filaments of the flight muscle of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster at 7 A resolution. Its myosin tails are arranged in curved molecular crystalline layers identical to flight muscles of the giant waterbug Lethocerus indicus. Four non-myosin densities are observed, three of which correspond to ones found in Lethocerus; one new density, possibly stretchin-Mlck, is found on the backbone outer surface. Surprisingly, the myosin heads are disordered rather than ordered along the filament backbone. Our results show striking myosin tail similarity within flight muscle filaments of two insect orders separated by several hundred million years of evolution.
An X-band Lithium Niobate Acoustic RFFE Filter with FBW of 3.45% and IL of 2.7 dB

This paper presents a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) radio frequency front-end (RFFE) filter at 8.4 GHz. The center frequency of 8.4 GHz is achieved by resorting to the third-order antisymmetric Lamb wave mode (A3) in 650 nm thick Z-cut lithium niobate thin film. For the first time, a novel band-width-widening technique based on the utilizing of the self-induct-ance of the top interdigital electrodes is proposed to overcome the limitations set by the electromechanical coupling and satisfy the demands in miniaturization and wide bandwidth. The fabricated filter has demonstrated a 3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 3.45% (BW=290 MHz), a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 2.7 dB, and a compact footprint of 0.56 mm2. After utilizing bonding wires as matching inductors, the minimum IL can be decreased to be 2 dB in 50 Ω system.
Absolute convergence of the twisted trace formula

We show that the distributions occurring in the geometric and spectral side of the twisted Arthur–Selberg trace formula extend to non-compactly supported test functions. The geometric assertion is modulo a hypothesis on root systems proven when the group is split. The result extends the work of Finis–Lapid (and Muller, spectral side) to the twisted setting. We use the absolute convergence to give a geometric interpretation of sums of residues of certain Rankin–Selberg L-functions.
Representing the Disadvantaged: Group Interests and Legislator Reputation in US Congress

The limited attention Congress gives to disadvantaged or marginalized groups, including Black Americans, LGBTQ, Latinx, women, and the poor, is well known and often remarked upon. This is the first full-length study to focus instead on those members who do advocate for these groups and when and why they do so. Katrina F. McNally develops the concept of an 'advocacy window' that develops as members of Congress consider incorporating disadvantaged group advocacy into their legislative portfolios. Using new data, she analyzes the impact of constituency factors, personal demographics, and institutional characteristics on the likelihood that members of the Senate or House of Representatives will decide to cultivate a reputation as a disadvantaged group advocate. By comparing legislative activism across different disadvantaged groups rather than focusing on one group in isolation, this study provides fresh insight into the tradeoffs members face as they consider taking up issues important to different groups.
Ivacaftor restores delayed mucociliary transport caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction in rabbit nasal epithelia

BACKGROUND Abnormal chloride (Cl- ) transport dehydrates airway surface liquid (ASL) in sinonasal epithelium leading to mucus stasis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an experimental epithelium, rabbit tissue provides an excellent representation of human sinus disease, and the rabbit sinusitis model is both established and well suited for therapeutic interventions in vivo. Our objective in this study was to evaluate whether ivacaftor reverses the consequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. METHODS Rabbit nasal cavities were assessed for responsiveness to ivacaftor in vivo (by nasal potential difference [NPD] assay). Rabbit nasal epithelial (RNE) cultures were incubated with an ultrafiltrate of P aeruginosa (PAO1 strain) for 4 hours and tested for acquired CFTR dysfunction. Markers of mucociliary function, including airway surface liquid depth (ASL), periciliary liquid depth (PCL), ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and mucociliary transport (MCT), were measured by micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) after PAO1 and/or ivacaftor incubation. RESULTS Ivacaftor resulted in a significant mean NPD polarization of 21.8 ± 2.1 mV, which was significantly greater than that seen in the low Cl- control (12.9 ± 1.3; p = 0.01). PAO1 exposure induced a state of acquired CFTR dysfunction in rabbit nasal epithelium as measured by forskolin-stimulated short-circuit current (ISC ) (control, 37.0 ± 1.1 μA/cm2 ; PAO1, 24.4 ± 1.1 μA/cm2 ; p < 0.001). RNE cultures exposed to PAO1 had inhibited mucociliary function, whereas coincubation with ivacaftor restored mucociliary clearance, as measured by μOCT. CONCLUSION In rabbit nasal epithelium, ivacaftor robustly stimulates CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion and normalizes ASL and CBF in PAO1-induced acquired CFTR dysfunction. Preclinical testing of CFTR potentiators as therapy for P aeruginosa rabbit sinusitis is planned.
Accelerated Discovery of CH4 Uptake Capacity MOFs using Bayesian Optimization

High-throughput computational studies for discovery of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for separations and storage applications are often limited by the costs of computing thermodynamic quantities, with recent studies reliant ab initio results for a narrow selection of MOFs and empirical force-field methods for larger selections. Here, we conduct a proof-of-concept study using Bayesian optimization on CH4 uptake capacity of hypothetical MOFs for an existing dataset (Wilmer et al, Nature Chem. 2012, 4, 83). We show that less than 0.1% of the database needs to be screened with our Bayesian optimization approach to recover the top candidate MOFs. This opens the possibility of efficient screening of MOF databases using accurate ab-initio calculations for future adsorption studies on a minimal subset of MOFs. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization and the surrogate model presented here can offer interpretable material design insights and our framework will be applicable in the context of other target properties.