cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial purification of bacterial aspartase by starch electrophoresis.

Abstract The aspartasc of Bacterium cadaveris has been separated from fumarase, succinic dehydrogenase, asparaginase, and adenosine deaminase by electrophoresis on granular starch. The characteristics of the purified enzyme have been compared with those of the crude preparation. Electrophorctic purification resulted in a 15-fold increase in specific activity and a demonstrable stimulation of activity on addition of certain metal ions. The preparation of fumarase-free aspartasc permittted a direct thermodynamic analysis of the deamination reaction.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulation of protein synthesis is attenuated in cerebral cortex of aging rats.

Abstract It has been postulated that brain aging and the accompanying neurodegenerative processes associated with aging result from a deterioration of mechanisms that regulate the maintenance of basic cellular processes. In the present study, it was hypothesized that decreased availability and/or diminished responsiveness of tissues to growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 may be partly responsible for decreases in total protein synthesis previously observed in aging animals. Male Brown Norway rats (5–7 and 27–28 months old) were used to determine (1) whetherin vivo protein synthesis in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum decreases with age and (2) whether these deficiencies are associated with age-related alterations in response to insulin-like growth factor-1, des (1–3) IGF-1 or insulin. Analysis ofin vivo protein synthesis rates revealed a decline of 20% in cortex of old rats (P These data indicate that (1) the capacity for protein synthesis decreases in cortical tissue with age, (2) the decline in protein synthesis appears to be associated with a decreased response to stimulation with insulin-like growth factor-1, and (3) the number and affinity of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptors do not decrease with age. These data suggest that alterations in signal transduction through the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor may be a contributing factor in the decline in protein synthesis with age and thus contribute to brain aging.
Vortex-induced extinction behavior in methanol gaseous flames: A comparison with quasi-steady extinction

Using a combination of HCHO planar laser-induced fluorescence and laser Doppler velocimetry measurements, the extinction behavior of methanol counterflow diffusion flames was examined experimentally under conditions in which the extinction was brought about by a vortex generated on the oxidizer side. Comparisons were made with quasi-steady extinction results for the same flames. It was found that the flames can withstand instantaneous strain rates as much as two-and-a-half times larger than the quasisteady ones. The finding was rationalized phenomenologically by comparing the characteristic times of the problem, that is, the mechanical time, the chemical time, and the vortex turnover time. Specifically, estimates of these times yielded the following ordering: sch svort sm. As a result, the vortex introduced an unsteady effect in the outer diffusive-convective layer of the flame, while the inner reactive-diffusive layer behaved in a quasi-steady manner. Consequently, the flame was subject to a damped strain rate through the outer layer. Results from a simple analytical model showed that the difference between vortexinduced extinction and quasi-steady extinction was much more modest in terms of instantaneous scalar
Becoming/Being a Cosmetic Surgery Patient: Semantic Instability and the Intersubjective Self

Against approaches that center the subject—the cosmetic surgery patient—as the primary site of inquiry regarding the “truth” of cosmetic surgery, I argue that we must rethink the positioning of the subject in considering cosmetic surgery's meanings. Here I offer a brief discussion of various feminist theories of the cosmetic surgery patient, as well as an account of my own experience of cosmetic surgery, to explore how the cosmetic surgery patient is semantically unstable, named and identified through a variety of discourses and social relations. This semantic instability suggests a need to examine the ongoing processes by which cosmetic surgery comes to have meaning and by which the subjectivity of the cosmetic surgery patient is produced.
Visualization of wing tip vortices in accelerating and steady flow

P. Freymuth,* F. Finaish,t and W. BankJ University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado first frame shown is ^=47/64 s, the time between frame shown is At = 4/64 s for all sequences, and the frame height corresponds to an actual height of h= 16A cm. Smoke-generating liquid was released along the leading edge of the wing, marked by the left arrow on top of the first frame. The trailing edge is covered with smoke and its location is marked by the right arrow at top of the first frame. The tip location can be seen as a horizontal boundary of illumination
Iodine content of oyster shells

Abstract A report is given of the investigation of the iodine content of oyster shells taken from the reefs found in the Gulf of Mexico. The pulverized shells as sold on the market contain 200 to 300 parts per billion of iodine. Water soluble and alcohol soluble iodides appear to be absent. The granulated undried shells contain 500 parts per billion of iodine. Apparently there is a loss of iodine due to the temperature at which the pulverized shells are dried.
X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Characterization of the Local Structure of Fe in Fe−ZSM-5

The local structure of Fe in Fe−ZSM-5 prepared by solid-state exchange was investigated with XAFS. Fe K-edge spectra were taken at liquid nitrogen temperature for samples with Fe/Al ratios of 0.33, 0.66, and 0.80. The radial structure function (RSF) of He- and CO-pretreated Fe−ZSM-5 shows two main peaks, one at 1.6 A and the other at 2.5 A. To interpret the origin of these peaks, RSFs were simulated for a number of mono- and di-iron structures obtained from quantum chemical calculations. By this means, the peak in the RSF at 1.6 A is clearly identified with backscattering from O atoms coordinated to an Fe atom. The peak at 2.5 A has been previously ascribed to Fe−Fe scattering and has been used to argue for the presence of di-iron−oxo species; however, the origin of this peak and its interpretation remains an open question. The imaginary part of the Fourier transformed data for the peak at 2.5 A has the same characteristics as that generated theoretically for Fe−Al backscattering and is distinctly differe...
Effect of pinitol treatment on insulin action in subjects with insulin resistance.

OBJECTIVE: Endogenous low-molecular-weight glycans containing pinitol (3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol) and D-chiro-inositol are thought to mediate certain actions of insulin. We tested the hypothesis that oral administration of soybean-derived pinitol would improve insulin sensitivity in obese subjects (BMI = 36.6 kg/m2) with diet-treated type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance (HbA1c = 6.8%). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 22 subjects randomized to receive either pinitol 20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) (n = 12) or placebo (n = 10) in a 28-day double-blinded trial. RESULTS: No toxicity due to the pinitol was observed during the study The sensitivity of glucose and lipid metabolism to insulin were assessed by measurement of whole-body glucose, palmitate, and glycerol kinetics during basal conditions and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Metabolic measurements were made at baseline and again at the end of the study Final plasma levels of pinitol were 48-fold (1.06 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.01 micromol/l, P
Core polarization and particle-hole excitations in 40Ca and 48Ca

Abstract Using the Hamada-Johnston interaction, the negative parity particle hole excitations of 40 Ca and 48 Ca are calculated with and without the inclusion of core polarizations. The lowest 3 - states are found to be very sensitive to core polarizations. The random-phase approximation with the bare matrix elements over-estimates the collectivity of these 3 - states. The inclusion of the exchange self-screening diagram ( A ph) largely reduced the collectivity, and thus improves the agreement with experiment. The calculated energies of the low-lying states of 48 Ca are in significantly better agreement with experiment than for 40 Ca when the core-deformation components are not included in the wave functions for both nuclei. The experimental relative transition strengths of the 3 - and 5 - states in 40 Ca are satisfactorily reproduced by the calculation.
Salvage of failed massive allograft reconstruction with endoprosthesis.

UNLABELLED A subset of osteoarticular allograft reconstructions after tumor resection ultimately will fail in patients achieving long-term survival. There are several alternative surgical approaches to revising these reconstructions. We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of 20 patients who had allograft reconstruction with a modular endoprosthesis. All patients had a failed massive allograft (average length, 15.7 cm) after tumor resection about the shoulder and knee. The reasons for original allograft failure were fracture (14 patients), infection (five patients), and both (one patient). Followup of the patients averaged 159.7 months (range, 63-293 months) after allograft reconstruction and 77 months (range, 24-234 months) after endoprosthetic revision. The average number of operative procedures each patient had was 4.1 (range, 2-15 procedures). Two patients had amputations for resistant periprosthetic infections. A successful revision procedure was accomplished in 80% of the patients, and 90% of the patients retained functional limbs at recent followup. The predicted 5-, 10-, and 15-year survivals were 92%, 55% and 28% respectively. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores averaged 76% (range, 60-93.3%). When used to salvage massive allograft failure from infection and fractures, endoprosthetic revision preserves limb function with minimal complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The role of physical factors in mass transport during sintering of coal ashes and deposit deformation near the temperature of glass transformation

Abstract The role of physical properties of melts such as viscosity, diffusion, and surface/interfacial tensions in sintering and deformation mechanisms of ash deposits above glass-transformation temperature is discussed. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique was applied to measure glass transformation and crystallization temperatures. Sintering of selected coal ashes was performed as a function of temperature in air. The mechanical properties of sintered ashes were measured below and above the glass-transformation temperature, T g . It was found that sintering propensities of amorphous ashes and superplastic-like deformation of deposits above T g depend on mass transport phenomena in the intergranular liquid phase.
Exonucleolytic degradation of high-molecular-weight DNA and RNA to nucleoside 3′-phosphates by a nuclease from B. subtilis

Abstract A Ca++-dependent extracellular nuclease which degrades high-molecular-weight native DNA, denatured DNA and RNA completely to nucleoside 3′-phosphates has been partially purified from cultures of B. subtilis . The rate of degradation is greatest on denatured DNA. Degradation is almost exclusively exonucleolytic and at least in the case of denatured DNA appears to occur from the 5′-terminus of the polydeoxyribonucleotide chain. It seems likely that a single enzyme is responsible for the exonuclease activity on native and denatured DNA and on RNA. It is not yet clear, however, whether the low levels of phosphatase and endonuclease present even in the most purified fractions are intrinsic activities of the exonuclease or represent contaminants. Further purification should provide a definitive answer to these questions.
Correlation Inequalities and Hidden Variables

A counterexample is given to a recent suggestion that if the inequalities of Clauser and Horne hold, then there exists a hidden-variable model for a spin-\textonehalf{} correlation experiment of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type.
Ranking for data repairs

Improving data quality is a time-consuming, laborintensive and often domain specific operation. A recent principled approach for repairing dirty database is to use data quality rules in the form of database constraints to identify dirty tuples and then use the rules to derive data repairs. Most of existing data repair approaches focus on providing fully automated solutions, which could be risky to depend upon especially for critical data. To guarantee the optimal quality repairs applied to the database, users should be involved to confirm each repair. This highlights the need for an interactive approach that combines the best of both; automatically generating repairs, while efficiently employing user's efforts to verify the repairs. In such approach, the user will guide an online repairing process to incrementally generate repairs. A key challenge in this approach is the response time within the user's interactive sessions, because the process of generating the repairs is time consuming due to the large search space of possible repairs. To this end, we present in this paper a mechanism to continuously generate repairs only to the current top k important violated data quality rules. Moreover, the repairs are grouped and ranked such that the most beneficial in terms of improving data quality comes first to consult the user for verification and feedback. Our experiments on real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our ranking mechanism to provide a fast response time for the user while improving the data quality as quickly as possible.
A picosecond TDC architecture for multiphase PLLs

This paper presented a time-to-digital converter (TDC) embedded PLL in 3D silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The difficulty of tier-to-tier interconnection modeling in 3D process is very critical. The proposed TDC effectively eliminates the phase mismatches introduced by interconnection between different tiers among multiphase clocks in the 3D process. The large process variation presented in the 3D integrated circuits requires digital compensation techniques to accurately control the timing. The TDC structure presented in this paper replaced the traditional long Vernier delay line and achieved a 2ps timing resolution. A feedback structure is implemented into the TDC to eliminate the influence of the PVT variations on the timing resolution. The multiphase PLL frequency is 3.8GHz in this paper. Simulation results show that the clock jitter was decreased from 5.98ps to 3.58ps with the proposed TDC phase calibration circuit which presents a significant decrease of phase mismatches.
MEGA‐EVENTS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND PUBLIC POLICY

As cities compete for jobs and capital in the context of limited federal aid and increasing global economic competition, a new and potentially high-risk public policy strategy for stimulating local economic growth has emerged. This megaevent strategy entails the quest for a high-profile event to serve as a stimulus to, and justification for, local development. How and why do American cities commit their resources to seeking a mega-event? And, if a city lands a megaevent, how does that event affect local development policy? To address these questions, we examine the experiences of three American cities which have bid for and organized the Olympics in the contemporary era: Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Salt Lake City.
Hormonal Regulation of CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis in Mice

Coxsackievirus B3 infection causes significant cardiac inflammation in male, but not female, B1.Tg.Ealpha mice. This gender difference in disease susceptibility correlates with selective induction of CD4(+) Th1 (gamma interferon-positive) cell responses in animals with testosterone, whereas estradiol promotes preferential CD4(+) Th2 (interleukin-4 positive [IL-4(+)]) cell responses. Differences in immune deviation of CD4(+) T cells cannot be explained by variation in B7-1 or B7-2 expression. Infection significantly upregulated both molecules, but no differences were detected between estradiol- and testosterone-treated groups. Significantly increased numbers of activated (CD69(+)) T cells expressing the gammadelta T-cell receptor were found in male and testosterone-treated male and female mice. In vivo depletion of gammadelta+ cells by using monoclonal antibodies inhibited myocarditis and resulted in a shift from a Th1 to Th2 response phenotype. Taken together, our results indicate that testosterone promotes a CD4(+) Th1 cell response and myocarditis by promoting increased gammadelta+ cell activation.
Variational time integrators

The purpose of this paper is to review and further develop the subject of variational integration algorithms as it applies to mechanical systems of engineering interest. In particular, the conservation properties of both synchronous and asynchronous variational integrators (AVIs) are discussed in detail. We present selected numerical examples which demonstrate the excellent accuracy, conservation and convergence characteristics of AVIs. In these tests, AVIs are found to result in substantial speed-ups, at equal accuracy, relative to explicit Newmark. A mathematical proof of convergence of the AVIs is also presented in this paper. Finally, we develop the subject of horizontal variations and configurational forces in discrete dynamics. This theory leads to exact path-independent characterizations of the configurational forces acting on discrete systems. Notable examples are the configurational forces acting on material nodes in a finite element discretisation; and the J-integral at the tip of a crack in a finite element mesh.
Using case studies to promote life-long learning

This paper examines issues associated with developing and teaching a course in computer fluency for non-computer and information science (CIS) majors. One of the key objectives of the course is to motivate students on the importance of keeping abreast of developments in information technology (IT) far beyond the duration of the course. Feeling comfortable with using IT is a ‘sine qua non’ for a society becoming increasingly technologically dependent. Among the issues investigated is the role of teaching a programming language, possible pre-requisites, the background needed to teach such a course, and the key components on which the course might be based. Observations are based on developing and teaching this course, plus providing a workshop to colleagues in the College of Education. Among our observations: case studies work but they need to be more central to students’ majors, and if a programming language is not taught it is not necessary that a CIS faculty member teaches the course. Also, a capstone project is needed, hands-on laboratory exercises are a key (particularly in terms of collaborative work), team teaching works, while integrating different viewpoints and skill sets is difficult but rewarding. The workshop provided us with comments from colleagues about our approach to developing a fluency in an information technology course.
What stands out in a scene? A study of human explicit saliency judgment.

Eye tracking has become the de facto standard measure of visual attention in tasks that range from free viewing to complex daily activities. In particular, saliency models are often evaluated by their ability to predict human gaze patterns. However, fixations are not only influenced by bottom-up saliency (computed by the models), but also by many top-down factors. Thus, comparing bottom-up saliency maps to eye fixations is challenging and has required that one tries to minimize top-down influences, for example by focusing on early fixations on a stimulus. Here we propose two complementary procedures to evaluate visual saliency. We seek whether humans have explicit and conscious access to the saliency computations believed to contribute to guiding attention and eye movements. In the first experiment, 70 observers were asked to choose which object stands out the most based on its low-level features in 100 images each containing only two objects. Using several state-of-the-art bottom-up visual saliency models that measure local and global spatial image outliers, we show that maximum saliency inside the selected object is significantly higher than inside the non-selected object and the background. Thus spatial outliers are a predictor of human judgments. Performance of this predictor is boosted by including object size as an additional feature. In the second experiment, observers were asked to draw a polygon circumscribing the most salient object in cluttered scenes. For each of 120 images, we show that a map built from annotations of 70 observers explains eye fixations of another 20 observers freely viewing the images, significantly above chance (dataset by Bruce and Tsotsos (2009); shuffled AUC score 0.62 ± 0.07, chance 0.50, t-test p < 0.05). We conclude that fixations agree with saliency judgments, and classic bottom-up saliency models explain both. We further find that computational models specifically designed for fixation prediction slightly outperform models designed for salient object detection over both types of data (i.e., fixations and objects). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Compensatory Adaptation to Media Obstacles: An Experimental Study of Process Redesign Dyads

Past research on electronic communication media suggests that those media pose obstacles to communication in collaborative tasks when compared with the face-to-face medium. Yet, past research also points at mixed findings in connection with the quality of the outcomes of collaborative tasks, generally suggesting that the use of electronic communication media has no negative effect on those outcomes. A new theoretical framework building on human evolution theory, called compensatory adaptation theory, has been proposed to explain these contradictory findings. This study provides a review and test of compensatory adaptation theory. It investigates the impact of the use of an electronic communication medium on 20 business process redesign dyads involving managers and professionals at a large defense contractor, with a focus on cognitive effort, communication ambiguity, message preparation, fluency, and task outcome quality. The study suggests that even though the use of electronic communication media seemed to increase cognitive effort and communication ambiguity, it had a neutral impact on task outcome quality. These results appear to be an outcome of compensatory adaptation, whereby the members of the dyads interacting through the electronic communication medium modified their behavior in order to compensate for the obstacles posed by the medium, which is suggested by a decrease in fluency and an increase in message preparation. The results generally support predictions based on compensatory adaptation theory.
Crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition in irradiated silicon

The amorphous(a)-to-crystalline (c) phase transition has been studied in electron(e ) and/or ion irradiated silicon (Si). The irradiations were performed in situ in the Argonne High Voltage Microscope-Tandem Facility. The irradiation of Si, at <10K, with 1-MeV e to a fluence of 14 dpa failed to induce the c-to-a transition. Whereas an irradiation, at <10K, with 1.0 or 1.5-MeV Kr+ ions induced the c-to-a transition by a fluence of approx.0.37 dpa. Alternatively a dual irradiation, at 10K, with 1.0-MeV e and 1.0 or 1.5-MeV Kr+ to a Kr+ fluence of 1.5 dpa - where the ratio of the displacement rates for e to ions was approx.0.5 - resulted in the Si specimen retaining a degree of crystallinity. These results are discussed in terms of the degree of dispersion of point defects in the primary state of damage and the mobilities of point defects.
The World System and Cooperative Development in Rural Paraguay

Cooperative development in Paraguay was encouraged by the 1972 revision of Paraguay's cooperative laws. This revision coincided with, and was partially a result of, a USAID Development of Agricultural Cooperatives project designed to reach farmers with less than 21 hectares of land. In most cases, the target group received little or no long term benefit from this project. However, one isolated agricultural frontier community was too successful in its cooperative management and in doing so stepped out of its prescribed socioeconomic role and caused a cascade of unanticipated local, national, and international events.
Identifying statistically significant edges in one-mode projections

One-mode projections of two-mode data are typically valued, and therefore, require dichotomization before they can be analyzed using many network analytic methods. The traditional dichotomization approach, in which a universal threshold is applied to all edge weights, can yield a binary one-mode projection with undesirable artifacts and requires the arbitrary selection of a threshold value. This paper proposes a method and associated Stata command, ONEMODE, for identifying statistically significant edges in one-mode projections, which can be used to construct both binary and signed projections. The method is demonstrated using two-mode data on southern women’s social event participation and US Supreme Court justices’ majority decision participation, and is compared to two alternative approaches for normalizing edge weights in one-mode projections.
A novel system for generation, acquisition and analyses of partial discharges

A typical set of partial discharges (PD) occurring in insulation systems can be characterized by a three dimensional plot of their phase ‘Φ’ on the power line cycle, apparent charge magnitude ‘q’ and the number of pulses ‘n’. A digital acquisition system is developed which can measure ‘Φ’ and ‘q’ values of ‘n’ PD's occurring on a given power line voltage and then plot n (φ, q). The system is developed using the data acquisition card NI-5112, which is a 2-channel high speed digitizer (100 MS/s) with the acquisition and analyses programs written in LabVIEW. The system is being tested using artificially generated PD pulses which have variable ‘Φ’ and ‘q’.
Hierarchical agent-based secure and reliable multicast in wireless mesh networks

Abstract We propose and analyze a hierarchical agent-based secure and reliable multicast (HASRM) algorithm for efficiently supporting secure and reliable mobile multicast in wireless mesh networks, with design considerations given to minimize the overall network cost incurred by reliable multicast packet delivery, mobility management, security key management, and group membership maintenance. HASRM dynamically maintains a group of multicast agents running on mesh routers for integrated mobility and multicast service management and leverages a hierarchical multicast structure for secure and reliable multicast data delivery. The regional service size of each multicast agent is a key design parameter. We show via model-based performance analysis and simulation validation that there exists an optimal regional service size that minimizes the overall communication cost and the optimal regional service size can be dynamically determined. We demonstrate that HASRM under optimal settings significantly outperforms traditional algorithms based on shortest-path multicast trees extended with user mobility, security, and reliability support. We also show that a variant of HASRM is superior to a recently proposed multicast algorithm for secure group communication in wireless mesh networks.
A review of oscillating field stimulation to treat human spinal cord injury.

Objective To report the results of use of a human oscillating field stimulator (OFS) in a phase 1 trial of 14 human patients with complete motor and sensory spinal cord injury. Methods Entry criteria were complete spinal cord injury between C5 and T10 in patients 18–65 years old with no transection on magnetic resonance imaging. All patients received the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study III methylprednisolone protocol. Cord compression or instability was treated before entry. All patient injuries remained complete (based on American Spinal Cord Injury scoring) with no somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) below the injury after surgery or for 48 hours. All patients were implanted with the OFS within 18 days. Patients were checked every 2 weeks after implantation. The OFS was explanted at 15 weeks. Independent neurologic examinations (American Spinal Cord Injury score, visual analog scale for pain, and SSEPs) were done at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Statistical analyses were done by Wilcoxon rank sum test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There were no complications at insertion, and one wound infection occurred after explant for a 3.5% infection rate. One patient was lost to follow-up after 6 months. All 14 patients had a mean visual analog scale score of 8 at implant and 2 at 6 months, and 13 remained a mean score of 2 at 1 year. Mean improvement in light touch score at 1 year was 25.9 points (ANOVA, P P = 0.02). Mean improvement in pinprick score at 1 year was 15.2 points (ANOVA, P P = 0.02). Mean improvement in motor score was 6.9 (ANOVA, P P = 0.02). Of eight patients with cervical cord injuries, six had improvement in arm SSEPs, and one recovered a tibial SSEP. Of six patients with thoracic injuries, one recovered an abnormal lower SSEP. Conclusions Treatment of human spinal cord injury with an OFS is safe, reliable, and easy. Compared with National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study III compliant paralyzed patients, our results suggest efficacy.
Patterns of Particle Movement in Nerve Fibres In Vitro- an Analysis by Photokymography and Microscopy

SUMMARY Tissue-cultured nerve fibres derived from 3 species of amphibian embryos were composed of bundles of neurites, when viewed by electron microscopy, and contained particles moving in both directions by saltations. Photokymographic analysis of cin6 microscopy records taken with Zeiss differential interference optics demonstrated instantaneous particle velocities ranging from 0-15 to i-8 fim s" 1 (13-155 mm/day) in Rana pipiens cultures; o-i6—o-8 fim s~ 1 (14-74 mm/day) in Ambystoma tigrinum cultures and 0-6-2-25/im s" 1 (45-194 mm/day) in Xenopus laevis cultures. Measured pathlengths for particles saltations ranged from 4 to 63 fim. No correlations between particle velocity and pathlength were found.
Using the linguistic landscape as a pedagogical resource

This article discusses the idea of linguistic landscape and describes a small-scale research project undertaken in a local EFL community in Mexico using public signs to analyse the social meanings of English. The author presents a framework that distinguishes between intercultural and intracultural uses, as well as iconic and innovative uses of English on signs. He also identifies six social meanings represented on the signs and uses photographs to illustrate each meaning. He argues that the project is useful both for thinking about the innovative ways people use the language in local contexts and as a template for a classroom-based project that teachers can implement that engages EFL students in investigating and talking about social language use. The conclusion presents an approach for using the linguistic landscape as a pedagogical resource in the EFL classroom which casts the students as language investigators and offers ideas for extension activities that connect the language classroom to the streets of the learners’ community.
A numerical simulation of scattering from one-dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric random surfaces

An efficient numerical solution for the scattering problem of inhomogeneous dielectric rough surfaces is presented. The inhomogeneous dielectric random surface represents a bare soil surface and is considered to be comprised of a large number of randomly positioned dielectric humps of different sizes, shapes, and dielectric constants above an impedance surface. Clods with nonuniform moisture content and rocks are modeled by inhomogeneous dielectric humps and the underlying smooth wet soil surface is modeled by an impedance surface. In this technique, an efficient numerical solution for the constituent dielectric humps over an impedance surface is obtained using Green's function derived by the exact image theory in conjunction with the method of moments. The scattered field from a sample of the rough surface is obtained by summing the scattered fields from all the individual humps of the surface coherently ignoring the effect of multiple scattering between the humps. The statistical behavior of the scattering coefficient /spl sigma//spl deg/ is obtained from the calculation of scattered fields of many different realizations of the surface. Numerical results are presented for several different roughnesses and dielectric constants of the random surfaces. The numerical technique is verified by comparing the numerical solution with the solution based on the small perturbation method and the physical optics model for homogeneous rough surfaces. This technique can be used to study the behavior of scattering coefficient and phase difference statistics of rough soil surfaces for which no analytical solution exists.
Christian Principles for Ministering to Families with Children with Disabilities

The principles of Judeo-Christian thought offer a higher rationality from which to see, understand and minister with those who have disabilities and with those who love them. It begins with a view of the human person’s highest and most real identity, which goes far beyond our disabilities and the utilitarian abilities valued by our secular culture. This view from “above” offers us God’s perspective, which is larger, greater and more creative than current law, theory and/or practice admits. It begins with a view of the “disabled”, first and foremost, as a beloved and essential member of God’s very diverse family in which we are all like cells in Christ’s body on earth. Operating from this perspective we are all offered an exquisite opportunity to increase in wholeness and holiness.
I Imply What You Infer Unless You are a Court: Reporter's Note to Restatement (Second) of Contracts Section 19 (1980)

This article explores the Restatement (Second) of Contracts with the expanded reporter’s notes. In particular, the author examines the note to section 19, “Conduct as Manifestation of Assent.” The note is problematic in the language of “contracts inferred from fact” and “contracts implied in fact.” The problem is a lack of conceptual clarity about quasi-contracts; moreover, the note to section 19 only adds an incorrect point of “clarification” that unnecessarily risks obfuscation.
High density EEG: Could it be useful for language localization?

In patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, pre-surgical planning requires precise localization of both the epileptic zone and the eloquent cortical areas. In some patients, electrode implantation is necessary to achieve this goal. Electrocortical stimulation (ECS) of the individual contacts has been established as the gold-standard for individual cortical localization of critical brain regions. However, ECS is not suitable for all patients. Therefore, to overcome the limitations of ECS, non-invasive and invasive functional mapping approaches based mainly on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and subdural electrocorticographic recordings (ECoG) have been developed. Although fMRI is frequently used as a complementary tool for surgical planning, less is known about the use of high density electroencephalography (EEG). Very few high density EEG studies have shown consistent results for language lateralization. Here, we will discuss our experience with 256-channel EEG in language localization in the individual brain.
A Behavioural Approach to Antitrust Law and Economics

Unlike traditional antitrust analysis, a behavioural approach to antitrust law and economics is grounded in empirical observations of human behaviour. These reveal that judgments and decisions by real decision-makers in the market deviate systematically from those predicted by the rational actor-based models of traditional antitrust law and economics. The behavioural approach therefore has the potential to identify more accurately those harmful anticompetitive market behaviours.
Choosing Instructional Methods To Fit The Knowledge Structure Of Course Components

Decisions about educational methods are becoming more complex, with course designs ranging from MOOCs to small seminar courses, and instructional methods ranging from problem sets to experiential s...
Abstract 2758: Population pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in infants and young children

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an anticancer pro-drug used for induction therapy of brain tumors and other malignancies. An adequate pharmacokinetic study of CTX and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide (4OH-CTX), has never been performed in infants and young children. We are therefore examining the disposition of CTX, 4OH-CTX, and its inactivated metabolite, carboxyethylphosphoramide mustard (CEPM), in children 2 infused over 1 h), and serial samples were collected prior to infusion, at the end of infusion, and 3, 6, and 24 h after the end of infusion. CTX and CEPM were quantitated in plasma with a validated LC-MS/MS method and 4OH-CTX was stabilized by addition of phenylhydrazine to whole blood and quantitated with a validated LC-MS/MS method. A nonlinear mixed-effects model was fit to the data using NONMEM software and covariates were added to the model based on reduction in objective function value and improvement in diagnostic plots. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with 28 patients. The median (range) age was 17.3 months (0.87 − 35.9 months) and median (range) BSA was 0.49 m 2 (0.24 − 0.71 m 2 ). A model with one compartment for CTX and each of its metabolites adequately described the data. BSA normalization of the dose reduced the inter-individual variability (IIV) in the volume of distribution of CTX (V CTX ) from 32% to 13% and reduced the IIV in the elimination of 4OH-CTX through non-CEPM pathways (k 4OH-CTX ) from 60% to 38%. The covariate analysis showed that the BSA-normalized clearance of CTX to 4OH-CTX (CL CTX ) increased slightly with age, whereas k 4OH-CTX increased rapidly with age. The net effect was that exposure to 4OH-CTX decreased with age in a nonlinear fashion. These results demonstrate the importance of studying the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs in infants and young children, and will provide the basis for the rational design of CTX dosing strategies for infants and young children with brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2758.
Large subcapsular liver hematoma following single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many laparoscopic surgeons are now transitioning from standard multiple-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy to single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in an attempt to improve cosmetic outcomes and decrease postoperative morbidity. However, little has been published regarding the potential complications of SILS operations. METHODS We report the case of a patient undergoing SILS cholecystectomy who developed the complication of a large hepatic hematoma, resulting in significant postoperative morbidity, blood transfusion requirement, and reoperation. RESULTS After an in-depth internal review of the postoperative morbidity of this case, it appears that the causative factor may be instrument shaft torque on the liver surface. CONCLUSION Single-incision laparoscopic surgery may pose significant and unique risks that warrant additional operative caution. Quantitative comparison of SILS to the gold-standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy is needed to further elucidate definitive benefits and complications of this novel technique.
Multi-scale Modeling of Plasticity in Tantalum.

In this report, we present a multi-scale computational model to simulate plastic deformation of tantalum and validating experiments. In atomistic/ dislocation level, dislocation kink- pair theory is used to formulate temperature and strain rate dependent constitutive equations. The kink-pair theory is calibrated to available data from single crystal experiments to produce accurate and convenient constitutive laws. The model is then implemented into a BCC crystal plasticity finite element method (CP-FEM) model to predict temperature and strain rate dependent yield stresses of single and polycrystalline tantalum and compared with existing experimental data from the literature. Furthermore, classical continuum constitutive models describing temperature and strain rate dependent flow behaviors are fit to the yield stresses obtained from the CP-FEM polycrystal predictions. The model is then used to conduct hydro- dynamic simulations of Taylor cylinder impact test and compared with experiments. In order to validate the proposed tantalum CP-FEM model with experiments, we introduce a method for quantitative comparison of CP-FEM models with various experimental techniques. To mitigate the effects of unknown subsurface microstructure, tantalum tensile specimens with a pseudo-two-dimensional grain structure and grain sizes on the order of millimeters are used. A technique combining an electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) and highmore » resolution digital image correlation (HR-DIC) is used to measure the texture and sub-grain strain fields upon uniaxial tensile loading at various applied strains. Deformed specimens are also analyzed with optical profilometry measurements to obtain out-of- plane strain fields. These high resolution measurements are directly compared with large-scale CP-FEM predictions. This computational method directly links fundamental dislocation physics to plastic deformations in the grain-scale and to the engineering-scale applications. Furthermore, direct and quantitative comparisons between experimental measurements and simulation show that the proposed model accurately captures plasticity in deformation of polycrystalline tantalum.« less
Data Management System for Energy Analytics and its Application to Forecasting

The eective management of a power grid with an increasing share of (distributed) renewables and more and more available data, e.g., coming from smart meters, heavily relies on advanced data analytics such as demand and supply forecasting. In this context, data management is one major challenge in electric grids. Large amount of data from multiple heterogeneous sources require transformations, e.g., spatio-temporal alignment or anomaly detection, to serve data analytics tasks and are often applied on dierent views of the data, e.g., on state, substation or feeder level. In this paper, the progress on the development of an energy data management systems for the electricity grid is presented. The design of the system was inspired by the realworld use case of forecasting short-term energy demand in Vermont, using data from a combination of SCADA, smart meters and weather forecasting services. A general data model addressing the aforementioned challenges and aimed at supporting advanced data analytics is introduced. The proposed data model views a time series as an abstract concept that might represent raw measurements or arbitrary operations. The benets of the system is demonstrated for the design and live update energy demand forecasts.
Treated and untreated rock dust: Quartz content and physical characterization

ABSTRACTRock dusting is used to prevent secondary explosions in coal mines, but inhalation of rock dusts can be hazardous if the crystalline silica (e.g., quartz) content in the respirable fraction is high. The objective of this study is to assess the quartz content and physical characteristics of four selected rock dusts, consisting of limestone or marble in both treated (such as treatment with stearic acid or stearates) and untreated forms. Four selected rock dusts (an untreated and treated limestone and an untreated and treated marble) were aerosolized in an aerosol chamber. Respirable size-selective sampling was conducted along with particle size-segregated sampling using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analyses were used to determine quartz mass and particle morphology, respectively. Quartz percentage in the respirable dust fraction of untreated and treated forms of the limestone ...
The anterior approach to spinal deformities.

Summary and Conclusions The anterior approach to the spine is increasingly important in the treatment of spinal deformity. Some types of deformity can be corrected only from the front, some from the front and the back, and some from either. Although routine correction and posterior fusion when possible are still the mainstay of the operative treatment of scoliosis, the anterior approach has its special places.
SU-D-202-07: Clinical Applicability of An Optical-Surface-Imaging-Based Technique for Spirometric Measurement, Breathing Pattern Monitoring and Body Drift Correction

Purpose: To explore the capabilities of optical surface imaging (OSI) as a comprehensive tumor motion surrogate to provide dynamic spirometric measurements, breathing pattern monitoring and body positioning correction. Methods: OSI captures the moving surface of the torso with all respiration-induced external motions in real time. Tidal volume (TV) and its time derivative (TV’, airflow) were measured based on the volume conservation rule within the pseudo-closed torso system: torso volume change equals TV in reference to full exhalation. In addition, breathing pattern (BP=ΔVchest/TV), indicating TV distribution within the torso, was quantified using this OSI-based technique. Moreover, slow body position changes were detected by OSI via surface image registration in every breathing cycle at full-exhalation phases, which are most reproducible phases unless voluntary body shift occurs. Volume changes due to body shift out of the volume of interest (VOI) were calculated to correct TV baseline drifts. Real-time OSI images captured in both high-resolution and low-resolution was applied for TV, TV’ and BP measurements and baseline drift correction. Eleven volunteers participated in the IRB-approved protocol study and performed free-breathing, belly-breathing and chest-breathing exercises during OSI image acquisition. Results: Small TV baseline shifts are often observed in OSI-based spirometry measurement with an average rate of ∼0.4cc/s. Using surface registration among fullexhalation phases and volume calculation from the body shifts relative to the fixed VOI, 80–90% baseline drift on average is corrected in three breathing exercises. The baseline drift is a useful indication of patient body shift and can be effectively corrected. When reducing OSI resolution from high to low, image capture rate increases from 5Hz to 10Hz, while the TV measurement accuracy is retained. Conclusion: The OSI-based spirometric technique provides multiple parameters for monitoring patient respirations and body shift. The spirometric measurements, BP monitoring, and body-shift detection are useful for tumor motion surrogating. This study is in part supported by the NIH (U54CA137788/U54CA132378).
Physics of bipolar, unipolar and intermediate conduction modes in Silicon Carbide MOSFET body diodes

This paper details the device physics of Silicon Carbide MOSFETs in third quadrant operation. It is observed that the gate bias has a large effect on controlling the injection efficiency at the anode of the body diode. The change in threshold voltage due to body-effect and the voltage drop across the anode junction play a key role in controlling the balance between electron and hole currents at the anode end, which gives the device the capability to operate in unipolar, bipolar or intermediate conduction modes depending on current density and operating temperature.