cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Specificity, Electrochemical Sandwich Assays Based on Single Aptamer Sequences and Suitable for the Direct Detection of Small-Molecule Targets in Blood and Other Complex Matrices

We herein demonstrate a sandwich assay based on single aptamer sequences is suitable for the direct detection of small molecule targets in blood serum and other complex matrices. By splitting an aptamer into two pieces, we convert a single affinity reagent into a two-component system in which the presence of the target drives formation of a complex comprised of the target and the two halves of the aptamer. To demonstrate the utility of this approach we have used single anticocaine and anti-ATP aptamers to fabricate electrochemical sensors directed against the representative small molecules coaine and ATP. Both targets are detected at low micromolar concentrations, in seconds, and in a convenient, general, readily reusable, electrochemical format. Moreover, both sensors are selective enough to deploy directly in blood, crude cellular lysates and other complex sample matrices.
Chicken perinatal troponin Ts are generated by a combination of novel and phylogenetically conserved alternative splicing pathways.

During perinatal development, avian and mammalian skeletal muscles express a novel set of troponin T (TnT) isoforms with higher Mrs and more acidic pIs than their adult counterparts. In mammals, these TnTs result from the incorporation of a developmentally regulated 5′-fetal exon into fast TnT mRNAs. To determine whether chicken perinatal TnTs are generated by a similar mechanism, we sequenced 40 chicken TnT 5′-cDNAs from perinatal and adult pectoralis. Evidence for five 5′-exons not present in the mammalian gene was found, including one, y, whose splicing is developmentally regulated. Although none of these new exons are homologous with the mammalian fetal exon, their alternative splicing, superimposed on three conserved splicing patterns of the phylogenetically shared 5′-exons, generates the chicken perinatal TnT isoforms. These observations indicate that chicken, and most likely other avian species, evolved an independent 5′-alternative splicing mechanism to generate perinatal TnTs that have the same biophysical, and presumably functional, properties as their mammalian homologs.
Glucose and cationic amino acid transporter expression in growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Tissue glucose transporter (GLUT1-3) and cationic amino acid transporter (CAT1-3) mRNA expression was determined in growing broiler chicks posthatch. In two experiments, tissues were either collected on days 1, 3 and 7 or days 1 and 14 posthatch. Heart and liver were the only tissues expressing a GLUT isoform on day 1. All tissues expressed a GLUT isoform on day 7 except for the thymus. Most tissues expressing a CAT isoform on day 1 decreased mRNA levels through day 7 (P<0.05), except for bursa CAT-1 which tended to increase (P=0.05). The thymus and spleen did not express any CAT isoform mRNA until day 7. The liver was the only tissue expressing GLUT-2 mRNA through day 14. On day 14, GLUT-1, CAT-1 and CAT-2 mRNA were differentially expressed across tissues (P<0.05). High-affinity GLUT and CAT mRNA expression was highest in the heart and bursa, respectively (P<0.05). Total CAT mRNA expression was greatest in the bursa (P<0.05). The thymus had the lowest high affinity GLUT and total CAT mRNA expression on day 14 posthatch. Therefore, T lymphocytes within the thymus may be most susceptible to glucose and cationic amino acid supply.
Bogoliubov coefficients for the twist operator in the D1D5 CFT

Abstract The D1D5 CFT is a holographic dual of a near-extremal black hole in string theory. The interaction in this theory involves a twist operator which joins together different copies of a free CFT. Given a large number of D1 and D5 branes, the effective length of the circle on which the CFT lives is very large. We develop a technique to study the effect of the twist operator in the limit where the wavelengths of excitations are short compared to this effective length, which we call the ‘continuum limit’. The method uses Bogoliubov coefficients to compute the effect of the twist operator in this limit. For bosonic fields, we use the method to reproduce recent results describing the effect of the twist operator when it links together CFT copies with windings M and N, producing a copy of winding M + N . We also comment on possible generalizations of our results. The methods developed here may help in understanding the twist interaction at higher orders. This in turn should provide insight into the thermalization process in the D1D5 CFT, which gives a holographic description of black hole formation.
Electrophoretic Particle Guidance Significantly Enhances Olfactory Drug Delivery: A Feasibility Study

Background Intranasal olfactory drug delivery provides a non-invasive method that bypasses the Blood-Brain-Barrier and directly delivers medication to the brain and spinal cord. However, a device designed specifically for olfactory delivery has not yet been found. Methods In this study, a new delivery method was proposed that utilized electrophoretic forces to guide drug particles to the olfactory region. The feasibility of this method was numerically evaluated in both idealized 2-D and anatomically accurate 3-D nose models. The influence of nasal airflow, electrode strength, and drug release position were also studied on the olfactory delivery efficiency. Findings Results showed that by applying electrophoretic forces, the dosage to the olfactory region was significantly enhanced. In both 2-D and 3-D cases, electrophoretic-guided delivery achieved olfactory dosages nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that without electrophoretic forces. Furthermore, releasing drugs into the upper half of the nostril (i.e., partial release) led to olfactory dosages two times higher than releasing drugs over the entire area of the nostril. By combining the advantages of pointed drug release and appropriate electrophoretic guidance, olfactory dosages of more than 90% were observed as compared to the extremely low olfactory dosage (<1%) with conventional inhaler devices. Conclusion Results of this study have important implications in developing personalized olfactory delivery protocols for the treatment of neurological disorders. Moreover, a high sensitivity of olfactory dosage was observed in relation to different pointed release positions, indicating the importance of precise particle guidance for effective olfactory delivery.
Expectations and Stability with Gross Complements

Arrow and Nerlove (1958) have found that when all commodities, both present and future, in a continuous time general equilibrium model of a competitive economy, are gross substitutes, then stability with “static” expectations is equivalent to stability with “adaptive” expectations. It is found here that we may extend the Arrow-Nerlove result that the stability behaviour of the system is unaffected by the selection of the more sophisticated adaptive expectations over static expectations, provided the substitute-complement relationship of commodities, both present and future, fits into the Morishima (1952) matrix pattern. In addition, a counterexample is exhibited which establishes that the Arrow-Nerlove result does not hold in general and the choice of adaptive versus static expectations can affect stability…
Coastal paleogeography and human land use at Tecolote Canyon, southern California, U.S.A.

A buried archaeological site at Tecolote Canyon provides an ideal case study for relating past human land use patterns to changes in coastal paleogeography. Postglacial sea level transgression, erosion, and other marine and fluvial processes form the context for examining two deeply buried archaeological components excavated at CA-SBA-72. Archaeological shellfish assemblages provide proxy data for evaluating the evolution of local marine environments. Pismo clams dominate shellfish assemblages dated to 5800 cal yr B.P., suggesting the presence of a broad and sandy, high-energy beach environment. At 5500 cal yr B.P., the almost exclusive use of California mussels by humans signals the development of rocky intertidal habitats. During the late Holocene, estuarine species dominate the marine mollusk assemblages at CA-SBA-72, reflecting the development of local estuarine conditions or trade with nearby Goleta Slough villages. The buried components at Tecolote Canyon appear to have served as temporary camps for shellfish harvesting and processing. While general changes in coastal paleogeography and human subsistence have been reconstructed for the Santa Barbara Coast, high resolution ecological data from Tecolote Canyon suggest that Native peoples also adapted to localized and shorter-term shifts in intertidal habitats, changes not evident in most larger or more disturbed surface sites in the region. Linking these changes with shifts in human land use patterns highlights the interaction between humans and a dynamic coastal system. These data demonstrate the importance of small, buried sites in understanding the full spectrum of human subsistence and settlement choices and local environmental change. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermally inert metal ammines as light-inducible DNA-targeted agents. Synthesis, photochemistry, and photobiology of a prototypical rhodium(III)-intercalator conjugate.

The recent discovery of the promising tumor cell kill by a novel platinum−acridine conjugate [Martins, E. T.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 4492] has prompted us to explore the utility of analogous light-activatable rhodium(III) compounds as photocytotoxic agents. Here, the design and synthesis of [Rh(NH3)5L]n+ complexes are described with L = 1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiourea (tmtu) or 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3,3-trimethylthiourea (2). The intercalator-based DNA-affinic carrier ligand 2 was synthesized from N-acridin-9-yl-N‘-methylethane-1,2-diamine and dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride and isolated as the hydrotriflate salt 2(CF3SO3). [Rh(NH3)5(tmtu)]3+ (1) and [Rh(NH3)5(2)]4+ (3) were obtained from the reactions of the trifluoromethanesulfonato complex [Rh(NH3)5(OSO2CF3)](CF3SO3)2 with the appropriate thiourea in noncoordinating solvents. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and UV−vis spectroscopies and by elemental analyses. The single-crystal X-ray structures of 1(CF3SO3)3·2MeOH, 2(CF3SO3), a...
The Relative Efficacy of Investment Anticipations

Abstract It is claimed that investment anticipations are very useful in short-term forecasting for predicting actual investment expenditures. This hypothesis is examined and the predictive record of the anticipations for the period 1952 to 1962 is compared to several naive models, a function of endogenous variables only, and a combination of endogenous and anticipatory variables. The authors find that anticipations predict better than naive models in general, but not at turning points. In the manufacturing sector the inclusion of anticipatory variables improves predictions made with a function composed only of endogenous variables, but the inclusion of anticipations does not improve similar predictions in the non-manufacturing sector.
A Distributed Bragg Reflector Silicon Evanescent Laser

We report a distributed Bragg reflector silicon evanescent laser operating continuous wave at 1596 nm. The lasing threshold and maximum output power are 65 mA and 11 mW, respectively. The device generates open eye-diagrams under direct modulation at data rates up to 4 Gb/s.
Cloning of a Novel Member of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Family Related to Peptide Receptors

We have used PCR with degenerate oligonucleotide primers to clone novel members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. We report here a novel gene, CEPR, which encodes a candidate receptor that is most similar to the peptide receptor family. The coding region of the human CEPR gene predicts a seven transmembrane domain (TM) receptor of 375 amino acids. CEPR has 28-30 percent amino acid identity to angiotensin II and interleukin 8 receptors, and slightly lower percent identity to many other GPCRs. Northern blot analysis reveals a 3.3 kb CEPR transcript in different regions of human brain and in various peripheral tissues. The ubiquitous tissue distribution of CEPR, its expression in early development, and its conservation in evolution indicate a potentially important biological function for this receptor and its putative peptide ligand.
Unusual DNA structures at the integration site of an HIV provirus.

Abstract Supercoiled pHXBc2 DNA (containing the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human sequences) migrated more slowly than linear DNA in native and ethidium bromide agarose gel electrophoresis at 4.5 volts/cm, suggesting the presence of unusual DNA structures. S1 nuclease analysis of pHXBc2 revealed two S1 hypersensitive sites. Site I was located within a 25 bp direct repeat in host DNA 0.6 kB upstream from the 5′ LTR. Site II was mapped 0.2 kB upstream from the vif gene start site. Sequence analysis showed that Site I sequences could assume different unusual DNA structures, whereas sequences at Site II could assume either slipped or H-DNA forms. Unusual DNA structures in host DNA may be associated with active chromatin regions and may favor proviral integration.
Alcohol and Sexuality Research in the AIDS Era: Trends in Publication Activity, Target Populations and Research Design

Research addressing relationships between alcohol and human sexuality has proliferated, due in part to efforts to characterize alcohol's role in HIV risk behavior. This study provides a descriptive review of the alcohol-sexuality literature, using abstracts from 264 identified studies to estimate changes in publication activity, target populations, and the prevalence of HIV-related studies over time. We also examine methodological trends by estimating the prevalence of experimental vs. non-experimental studies. Findings show considerable increases in research activity and diversity of populations studied since the mid-1980's and highlight the emergence of HIV-related studies as a focal point of alcohol-sexuality research efforts. Results also demonstrate a substantial decline in the proportion of studies utilizing experimental methods, in part because of frequent use of non-experimental approaches in studies of alcohol and HIV risk behavior. We discuss implications and review the role of experiments in evaluating causal relationships between alcohol and sexual risk behavior.
Discussion of “Audit committee financial expertise and earnings management: The role of status” by Badolato, Donelson, and Ege (2014)

Abstract Badolato et al. (2014) (BDE) examine the effectiveness of audit committee financial expertise. They find that financial expertise does not deter irregularities unless the audit committee also has high status. I review prior research on financial expertise to place the current study in the literature and for guidance in assessing the paper׳s assumptions and empirical specifications. BDE׳s conclusions run counter to many of the prior findings and to broad patterns in the data. I discuss how empirical research design choices and self-selection may affect the paper׳s conclusions.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Physiology and Medicine

Oxygen homeostasis represents an organizing principle for understanding metazoan evolution, development, physiology, and pathobiology. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional activators that function as master regulators of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoan species. Rapid progress is being made in elucidating homeostatic roles of HIFs in many physiological systems, determining pathological consequences of HIF dysregulation in chronic diseases, and investigating potential targeting of HIFs for therapeutic purposes.
In vitro percutaneous absorption enhancement of a lipophilic drug tamoxifen by terpenes

Tamoxifen is a highly lipophilic drug that is widely used in breast malignancies and also as a prophylactic therapy in women at high risk for the development of this disease. Recently, the terpenes have been reported to show an enhancement effect on percutaneous drug absorption. The effect of terpenes (e.g. carvone, 1,8-cineole, menthol, and thymol) was studied on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of tamoxifen through porcine epidermis. The above terpenes (5% w/v) in combination with 50% ethanol significantly (P < 0.01) increased the permeability coefficient of tamoxifen in comparison to the control (50% ethanol). The solubility of tamoxifen was determined in the control and enhancer solutions to correct the permeability enhancement by way of fractional solubility adjustment. Binding of tamoxifen to powdered stratum corneum from control and enhancer solutions was also determined. Binding studies reveal that the enhancement in the permeability coefficient of tamoxifen by menthol and thymol is due at least in part, to improvement in the partitioning of the drug to the stratum corneum. In conclusion, terpenes in combination with ethanol can be used to enhance the percutaneous absorption of the highly lipophilic drug tamoxifen.
Incorporating the Nutrition Care Process and Standardized Language into a Didactic Program in Dietetics Curriculum

Results: NCP and SL were incorporated into a 3-course series: Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) I (Jr. level: overweight/obesity, CVD, DM, renal), MNT II (Sr. level: GI, pulmonary, wasting diseases, enteral and parenteral nutrition), and Nutrition Counseling Practicum (Sr. level: hands-on outpatient care under direction of RD). Student resources utilized included International Dietetics & Nutrition Terminology (INDT) Reference Manual, as well as a diet therapy text and clinical pocket-style assessment and intervention references. In both MNT I and II, NCP and SL were integrated, and cases were developed (live standardized or problem-based) in order to teach both concepts related to disease, as well as NCP and SL. A medical record note written in ADI (Assess-Diagnose, Intervene/Monitor/Evaluate) style was submitted by students for evaluation and understanding of the case concepts. SOAP style was also superimposed to foster an understanding of the documentation style utilized by many facilities. In the practicum, each student was assigned a client. Using NCP under RD direction, students assessed, diagnosed, intervened, and monitored/evaluated their client during 4 sessions over a 10-week period and recorded that care using ADI after each session.
Personality moderators of interpersonal expectancy effects: Replication of Harris and Rosenthal (1986)☆

Abstract Personality moderators of interpersonal expectancy effects were examined in a replication and extension of the findings of Harris and Rosenthal (1986) . Twenty-eight undergraduates, assigned the role of “interviewer,” interacted with 89 undergraduates during several 15-min getting acquainted sessions. Interviewers had been led to believe that the subjects they were interviewing were extremely high, average, or extremely low with respect to shyness. Prior to the sessions, all subjects completed a battery of personality measures. Analyses suggested mixed support for an interviewer expectancy effect, with stronger bias effects being found for interviewers given Shy vs Average expectancies than for those given Not Shy vs Average expectancies. Greater bias effects were found for interviewers who scored higher on PRF Achievement, Order, self-rated expressiveness and lower on self-rated shyness. Interviewees who scored higher on Achievement, Dogmatism, Endurance, and Cognitive Structure showed significantly lower bias effects. These findings are interpreted as indicating the importance of the rigidity of cognitive schemas in determing whether or not an expectancy effect will occur.
Reason and the Passions

Any attempt to understand Hume on the respective roles of reason and passion in moral decisions is immediately confronted with several different problems. In the first place one would expect to discover Hume’s position in Book III of the Treatise. But after reading only three pages of Book III Hume points out that the conclusions presented here depend on his previous arguments in Book II, Part III, section 3. So one immediately begins to jump around in order to determine what Hume has really said with regard to the role of reason in morals. Further, there is the problem of determining what arguments Hume offers in support of his thesis that reason serves the passions, and these arguments are not always the same as the criticism directed against the rationalists. It is one thing to refute one’s predecessors, and another thing to establish one’s thesis. These considerations do not always appear distinct in Hume. Then there is the vast quantity of material, and this poses no small problem in itself. All these problems have led to various interpretations of Hume, with varying degrees of emphasis being placed on different doctrines by different commentators. Whereas one commentator may stress the utilitarian aspects of Hume’s morals, another may consider his doctrine of the moral sense paramount.These, then, are some of the initial problems one faces in studying Hume’s ethics.
Racism and Hypertension Among African Americans

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of racism and blood pressure (BP). Participants were 162 urban African American adults. Measurements included the Racism and Life Experiences Scale, Krieger Racial Discrimination Questionnaire, State-Trait Personality Inventory (anxiety and depression), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and automated measures of BP. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were done to examine relationships among key variables, t tests and ANOVA tested group differences by age, gender, and racism category. There was a high prevalence of perceived racism, which was not associated with higher BP. The racism/BP relationship was moderated by age with significant age related differences noted. Older participants (40 years or older) experienced more distress from racism, more anger suppression, and higher BP but lower levels of stress emotions. The highest levels of BP were noted in older adults reporting the lowest level of perceived racism, raising the issue of "internalized oppression."
Evaluation of age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status as risk factors for perianesthetic morbidity and mortality in the cat

Objective: To evaluate age and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status as risk factors for perianesthetic morbidity/mortality in cats. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Institution teaching hospital. Animals: 138 cats ≥ 6 months of age that received inhalation anesthesia for ≥ 30 min Interventions: Observations were made during the 24 h post-anesthetic period. Measurements and main results: Sixty-one females and 77 males were included. Serious perianesthetic complications occurred in 15 cats (15/138; 11%), including cardiopulmonary arrest in 3 cats (3/138; 2%), and death or euthanasia in 7 cats (7/138; 5%). Age was not a factor in establishing risk for developing serious or minor perianesthetic complications in the cats in this study. However, ASA status was a risk factor. Cats having an ASA status of 3 or more were nearly 4 times as likely to develop serious perianesthetic complications, even when accounting for the significant confounding effects of anesthesia duration. Conclusions: ASA status, but not age, was a risk factor for the development of serious or minor perianesthetic complications in the 138 cats included in this study.
Brachial Plexus Injury Related to Patient Positioning

A 45-year-old woman presented with a recurrent L1-3 spinal giant cell tumor. She had previously undergone surgery for the same problem, at which posterior lumbar spine fixation was performed. She was referred to the interventional radiology department for preoperative tumor embolization. The procedure was performed with the patient under general anesthesia. The patient was placed in the supine position with her arms by her side at the start of the procedure. Because of extensive spinal fixation devices, it was difficult to visualize the area of interest to perform the embolization procedure safely. The patient was repositioned with both shoulders flexed to 120° and both elbows flexed to 90° (Fig 1). The patient was maintained in this position for the rest of the procedure, which lasted 4 hours. The following day, the patient complained of numbness and weakness in her left upper extremity. A neurologic consultation was obtained, and a C5 brachial plexus neuropraxy was diagnosed on the basis of clinical evaluation. No specific treatment was given for the left upper extremity neuro-
Three-dimensional Spectral Simulations of Anelastic Turbulent Convection

We have adapted the anelastic spectral code of Barranco & Marcus to simulate a turbulent convective layer with the intention of studying the effectiveness of turbulent eddies in dissipating external shear (e.g., tides). We derive the anelastic equations, show the time integration scheme we use to evolve these equations, and present the tests we ran to confirm that our code does what we expect. Further, we apply a perturbative approach to find an approximate scaling of the effective eddy viscosity with frequency and find that it is in general agreement with an estimate obtained by applying the same procedure to a realistic simulation of the upper layers of the solar convective zone.
Turning negative into positive: public health mass media campaigns and negative advertising

Literature suggests that 'negative advertising' is an effective way to encourage behavioral changes, but it has enjoyed limited use in public health media campaigns. However, as public health increasingly focuses on non-communicable disease prevention, negative advertising could be more widely applied. This analysis considers an illustrative case from tobacco control. Relying on internal tobacco industry documents, surveys and experimental data and drawing from political advocacy literature, we describe tobacco industry and public health research on the American Legacy Foundation's "truth" campaign, an example of effective negative advertising in the service of public health. The tobacco industry determined that the most effective advertisements run by Legacy's "truth" campaign were negative advertisements. Although the tobacco industry's own research suggested that these negative ads identified and effectively reframed the cigarette as a harmful consumer product rather than focusing solely on tobacco companies, Philip Morris accused Legacy of 'vilifying' it. Public health researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of the "truth" campaign in reducing smoking initiation. Research on political advocacy demonstrating the value of negative advertising has rarely been used in the development of public health media campaigns, but negative advertising can effectively communicate certain public health messages and serve to counter corporate disease promotion.
Further Follow‐up Study of Early Operation for Open Myelomeningocele

SUMMARY A survey of all children born with open myelomeningoceles in the city of Liverpool between the years 1960 and 1965 is presented. Over 80 per cent of the children who survived the first 24 hours came to surgery and 70 per cent of these children are now surviving to school age and beyond. An analysis is made of their physical and mental handicaps. RESUME Les auteurs presentent une etude de tous les enfants nes avec un myelomeningocele ouvert, a Liverpool, durant les annees 60 a 65. Plus de 80 pour cent des enfants ayant survecu au dela des 24 premieres heures ont ete operes et 70 pour cent d'antre eux ont atteint l'âge scolaire ou au-dela. Les auteurs presentent une analyse de leurs handicaps physique et mental. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine Verlaufsstudie aller in Liverpool zwischen 1960 und 1965 geborenen Kinder mit offener Myelomeningocele wird vorgelegt. Uber 80 prozent derjenigen Kinder, welche die ersten 24 Stunden uberlebten, wurden operiert, und 70 prozent dieser Kinder uberlebten bisher bis ins Schulalter und darunter. Ihre physischen und geistigen Beschrankungen werden ausgewertet.
A low mode confinement integrated waveguide platform for high resolution displacement sensing

We demonstrate an integrated waveguide technology and apply it to displacement sensing. The waveguide consists of a 175 nm thick Si3N4 core layer with a 3,000 nm SiO2 bottom cladding and exhibits a large evanescent field. Although the nanophotonic waveguides feature sub-X/4 vertical confinement, they are fabrication tolerant with micron-scale lateral features. The technology enables complex photonic circuits without electron-beam lithography, which is commonly required for silicon nanophotonics. An unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated in which the presence of an optical fiber near the waveguide surface induces a phase shift, which correlates with the fiber's position. We discuss future work and prospects for high-resolution displacement sensing.
Collaborative research on the pelagic ecosystem of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf

Two Bering Sea marine research programs collaborated during the final years of the 1990s to forge advances in understanding the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem. Southeast Bering Sea Carrying Capacity, sponsored by NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, investigated processes on the middle and outer shelf and the continental slope. The Inner Front Program, sponsored by NSF, investigated processes of the inner domain and the front between the inner and middle domains. The purposes of these programs were to (1) increase understanding of the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem, including the roles of juvenile walleye pollock, (2) investigate the hypothesis that elevated primary production at the inner front provides a summer-long energy source for the food web, and (3) develop and test annual indices of pre-recruit pollock abundance. The observations occurred during a period of unusually large variability in the marine climate, including a possible regime shift. Sea-ice cover ranged from near zero to one of the heaviest ice years in recent decades. Sea-surface temperatures reached record highs during summer 1997, whereas 1999 was noted for its low Bering Sea temperatures. Moreover, the first recorded observations of coccolithophore blooms on the shelf were realized in 1997, and these blooms now appear to be persistent. The programs' results include an archive of physical and biological time series that emphasize large year-to-year regional variability, and an Oscillating Control Hypothesis that relates marine productivity to climate forcing. Further investigations are needed of the confluences of interannual and even intra-seasonal variability with low-frequency climate variability as potential producers of major, abrupt changes in the southeastern Bering Sea ecosystem.
An alternative material for maxillofacial compression dressings.

Edema is the most common sequel after oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. Although a transient phenomenon, it is associated with patient discomfort and may lead to hematoma formation and infection. Multiple approaches have been used to prevent or decrease postoperative edema. The most frequently used modalities are systemic corticoids,’ local thermal therapy,2 and the application of pressure dressings or bandages.3 Compressive dressings limit postsurgical edema during the frrst 24 to 48 hours, when the acute phase of inflammation takes place. This phase is associated with an increase in local tissue pressure, local venous flow return, and deep venous blood flow velocity.* Pressure produced by such dressings also limits the development of postoperative hematomas or seromas. A common dressing used in the maxillofacial region is the Barton bandage, originally described for the treatment of mandibular fractures by J.R. Barton in 1819.5 The Barton bandage subsequently has been widely used as a postoperative compression dressing after oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. Because of the special anatomic configuration of the face and the presence of multiple sense organs and vital structures, bandage application can be di@cult6 Typically, roll gauze and adhesive tape are used to fabricate a Barton bandage. The roll gauze, positioned over fluffed gauze that is in contact with the wound, is applied in several layers around the head and mandible and then dressing secured with the adhesive tape. However, the traditional Barton bandage occasionally slips or loosens and then no longer applies the desired compression. This report describes an alternative material (Coban; 3M Company,
An Interpolation Algorithm using Gröbner Bases for Soft-Decision Decoding of Reed-Solomon Codes

A central problem of algebraic soft-decision decoding of Reed-Solomon codes is to find the minimal polynomial of the ideal of interpolating polynomials with respect to a certain monomial order. An efficient algorithm that solves the problem is presented based on the theory of Grobner bases of modules.
Risk of Readmission to Hospital for Pediatric Asthma

To describe risk for hospital readmission for pediatric asthma occurring within 12 months of index hospital admission, we reviewed the medical records of all pediatric (age < 15 years) patients admitted for asthma to the Kaiser Foundation Hospital (KFH), Hayward, California, between September 30, 1991 and June 30, 1993. Patients aged < 5 years or who had a history of prior hospital admission were at high risk for hospital readmission within 12 months of the index admission. A single-session asthma class did not reduce risk for hospital readmission.
Temporally Asymmetric Hebbian Learning, Spike liming and Neural Response Variability

Recent experimental data indicate that the strengthening or weakening of synaptic connections between neurons depends on the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials. A Hebbian synaptic modification rule based on these data leads to a stable state in which the excitatory and inhibitory inputs to a neuron are balanced, producing an irregular pattern of firing. It has been proposed that neurons in vivo operate in such a mode.
The restitution portrait in rabbit epicardium reveals spatial heterogeneity of short-term memory

Conversely, adult male rabbits treated with E4031 had prolonged APDs but few or no EADs and no PVTs; however, perfusion with high Ca (1.8 mM) elicited a higher incidence of EADs and PVTs. Conclusions: Thus, the reverse mode of NCX may repolarize myocytes to accelerate recovery from inactivation of INa and ICa,L then switch to the forward mode to depolarize, supra threshold and activate depolarizing currents to fire EADs that progress to PVTs.
IMM Without a match

This paper shows a principled way for an interacting multiple model (IMM) tracker to mix information when there are states that are present in only a subset of the model set, they have no “match” in the other.
You Shall Not Bow Down and Serve Them: Economic Justice in the Bible

In the context of our modern global economy in which the richest one percent of the population becomes richer, while the poor grow ever poorer, this essay draws attention to the many biblical texts...
Exploring Equivalence Metrics to Analyze Behavior in a Naked Mole Rat Colony

Many statistical and data mining techniques have been used to analyze the deluge of data generated by computerized, sensing devices. Behavioral psychologists traditionally have relied on "low-tech" methodologies for observing animal behavior in the wild and the laboratory. These methods are time intensive and laborious. When the observed animal is a colony animal, with many individuals to observe, traditional methods fail We inject RFID passive transponders under the skin of our study animal, the Naked Mole-rat (NMR). RFID readers are placed throughout the housing environment, allowing us to track animal movements as they move through these areas, with sub-second resolution for long periods of time. This methodology generates huge amounts of data requiring Big Data analytical techniques. In this paper, we investigate equivalence metrics, specifically the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Hamming Distance, to analyze behavior changes in the social network structure of a naked mole rat colony. Our results showed that a Pearson Correlation was sufficient to detect equipment error and Hamming Distance could detect changes in colony behavior.
Toxicity and Deterrency of Sesquiterpene Lactones and Chromenes to the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Encelia farinosa Gray (Asteraceae: Heliantheae), a common shrub of the Sonoran desert, contains both sesquiterpene lactones and chromenes. Chloroform extracts of E. farinosa leaves were deterrent to larvae of Heliothis zea (Boddie) in choice tests, but farinosin, a eudesmanolide sesquiterpene lactone from E. farinosa , was not. Five sesquiterpene lactones from different Asteraceous genera were examined for their effect on the relative growth rate (RGR) of H. zea at 0.1% fresh weight in an artificial diet. Only dchydroleucodin, a guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia tridentata spp. vaseyana , reduced growth. Three closely related chromenes (precocene 1 and 2 and encecalin) were examined for their effects on survivorship (SR) and RGR of H. zea at five different concentrations. Precocene 1 and 2 exhibited the greatest activity on survivorship and growth rates, whereas encecalin was less active.
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of the CRM Configuration Including Buffet-Onset Conditions

High-fidelity computational modeling and optimization of complex engineering systems has the potential to enable engineers to produce more efficient designs with fewer unforeseen design modifications late in the design process. For transonic wing design, aerodynamic shape optimization has the potential produce highperformance, low-drag designs. Typically, optimizations attempt to improve the performance at a small number of representative operating conditions. However, the performance improvement may be obtained at the expense of reduced robustness or performance in other aspects of the design. In this paper we present a separation-based constraint formulation that can be used to constrain undesirable buffet-onset behavior in an aerodynamic shape optimization. A series of optimizations based on the AIAA Aerodynamic Design Optimization Discussion Group wing-body-tail case are presented to demonstrate the need for buffet-onset constraints, and the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Both single-point and multipoint optimizations without separation constraints are found to be vulnerable to buffeting, while the optimizations with the proposed approach successfully move the buffet boundary to make the designs feasible.
An examination of affect prior to and following episodes of getting drunk in women with bulimia nervosa

The current study examined the association between affect and self-reported alcohol intoxication in women with bulimia nervosa (BN; N=133). Participants completed a two-week ecological momentary assessment protocol. Momentary global positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), as well as the facets of NA (fear, guilt, hostility and sadness), were measured. Forty-five participants endorsed that they "got drunk" during the study period. Daily mean and variability of global PA and NA were compared between days with self-reported alcohol intoxication and days without self-reported alcohol intoxication. Trajectories of affect were modeled prior to and following episodes of self-reported alcohol intoxication. There were no differences in the mean or variability of PA or NA on days characterized by self-reported alcohol intoxication compared to days with no self-reported alcohol intoxication (ps>0.05). PA decreased significantly prior to self-reported alcohol intoxication and remained stable afterwards. There were no changes in global NA before or after self-reported alcohol intoxication, but an examination of the facets of NA showed that sadness increased following episodes of self-reported alcohol intoxication. These findings showed only partial support for a negative reinforcement model of alcohol use in women with BN.
159 LUNG FUNCTION AS A PREDICTOR OF LOWER AIRWAY DISEASE IN ADULTS WITH RHINITIS.

It has been well established through scientific research that upper airway inflammation can lead to the development of lower airway disease. Although the mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown, rhinitis has been characterized as an independent risk factor for developing both adult-onset asthma and chronic cough. The purpose of this research is to create a profile of risk factors among rhinitis patients for development of asthma, chronic cough, and respiratory symptoms and to determine if spirometric values of FEV1, FEF25-75, FEV1/FVC ratio can be used as predictors of development of these diseases and symptoms. We used data from the prospective population-based cohort of the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Disease (TESAOD). Subjects with rhinitis were evaluated for the incidence of asthma, wheeze, and chronic cough using Cox proportional models. Marginal analysis was used to determine which parameters to include in the final model. In the case that multiple spirometric values were significant predictors, model selection was based on Akaike9s Information Criterion (AIC). We identified 3054 TESAOD participants ≥ 20 years old at the baseline survey. Of these individuals, 1,111 (36.3%) reported having rhinitis but did not have asthma. Pulmonary function data were available for 1,036 (93%) of these subjects. Marginal analysis revealed that both FEV1 and FEF25-75 were significant predictors, but FEV1 was selected based on AIC. After adjustment for potential confounders, final Cox regression analysis revealed that FEV1 was a significant predictor for acquiring a physician confirmed diagnosis of asthma (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.975, 95% CI 0.962-0.987, p
STRUCTURAL TYPES AND ITS RELATION WITH OIL AND GAS OF BAYANHOT BASIN

The structural evolution of Bayanhot Basin underwent a structural transform from compressional deformation to extensional deformation. So, a lot of structural types were developed in the basin. Normal fault and strike slip fault all can be found in the studied area. According to the stress environment, the structural assemblage types of Bayanhot Basin may be divided into two major types, six basic types, i.e. Compressional structural assemblage, including imbricate thrust assemblage, trap door structure, pop up structure, assemblage of listric thrust and dragged anticline and dragged syncline; extensional structural assemblage, including assemblage of listric normal fault, fault and roll over anticline and horst graden assemblage. Trap door structure, pop up structure, and assemblage of listric thrust, dragged anticline and dragged syncline are most favorable to the accumulation of oil and gas.
Data-centric threats and their impacts to real-time communications in smart grid

One of the most distinguished challenges in studying the aftermath of cyber attacks in smart grid lies in data-centric threats, which refer to cyber attacks aimed at gaining advantage or sabotage the infrastructure by manipulating the data exchanged in the underlying communication network. Even though such attacks are critical by itself in the information network, they will result in more serious impacts to the power grid. This is because for an information-centric network, distorted or delayed information undermines services and applications, in the case of a power grid, however, these data-centric attacks may result in unstable systems, which may further detrimentally impact the power supplies. In this paper, we study the impacts of data-centric attacks in the real-time communication network of smart gird, and further the consequences caused to the power grid. Our study provides insights to both smart grid security research and operation.
1965 and the Battle Over Who Spoke for the Negro

Up to this point I have argued that Ellison’s “Negro” is his poetic and literary reaction to the Cold War that cannot be simply reduced to an allegory about racial identity politics. Starting with this chapter I follow Ellison’s “Negro” into the shifting political and intellectual atmosphere of the 1960s and 1970s. With the exposure of the CCF in 1967 the “official” cultural Cold War is coming to the end. By 1965 domestic and international political movements like Black Power, Liberation Theology and non-aligned movements provide a global counterweight to American Cold War liberal hegemony. In the arts, the Black Arts movement in the USA, the Latin American Boom and the Situationists contested the way this liberalism informed people’s understanding of literary as well as performative history and tradition. It is within this historical context that Robert Penn Warren’s innovative, landmark series of interviews Who Speaks for the Negro? (1965) was published. Despite the interrogative nature of his title, in many ways Warren’s book is a statement about who should speak for the Negro, and how. Perhaps it is no surprise that Ralph Ellison appears in Who Speaks for the Negro?; his interview — one of the longest in the book — occupies a central place in Warren’s work. A significant part of Ellison’s interview with Warren is dedicated to a discussion about the controversy surrounding Hannah Arendt’s essay “Reflections on Little Rock,” which was published in Dissent in 1958.
Imagining Lacan Imagining Marx

This critical review proposes that Lacan’s concept of alienation has little relevance to Marx’s notion of estrangement of labor and in fact depoliticizes it. Proceeding from a position that is not unsympathetic to poststructuralist theory, the author finds fault with Lacanian structuralism and particularly enlisting the help of Durkheim in attempting to enrich Marx’s psychology. While the author credits professors Worrell and Krier for attempting to take their critique of Marx to a more contemporary theoretical level, one which can potentially have value, he nevertheless sees the use of Lacan and Durkheim to rescue Marx as inappropriate, problematic, and a rejection of Marx’s humanistic understanding of human relations as well as an unsupported dismissal of his notion of alienation based on human and material commodification.
Dance/Movement Therapy and Developments in Empirical Research: The First 50 Years

One of a collection of six scholarly essays solicited by this journal to celebrate the first half-century of the American Dance Therapy Association, this paper describes the centrality of research to the profession since its inception. Using the works of Marian Chace, early conference proceedings, and some brief history about the development of psychotherapy and evidence-based practice as illustrations, this essay presents the historical affiliation between dance/movement therapy and research. The prescience of basic assumptions about dance/movement therapy conceptualized in the early days of the profession, which are now supported by newly emerging neurological and neuropsychological research, is discussed. Among the promising features of the profession noted, are the impressive growth of dance/movement therapy globally, and the fact that the embodied approach embedded in the work has kept the profession close to important body-mind parameters over time. These are argued to ensure its continued growth over the next 50 years. Finally, readers are reminded that engaging with research creates the foundation of improving practice to ultimately benefit clients.