cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Growth Hormone on Glycosuria of Fed Partially Depancreatized Rats.

ConclusionsIt has been shown that a purified growth hormone preparation of the anterior pituitary which is practically free of lactogenic, adrenocorticotropic, thyrotropic, and gonadotropic hormones, produces a marked increase in glucose excretion in the sucrose-fed partially depancreatized rat.
Twenty-year outcome of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: management of mitral regurgitation.

Background This study is a single-center experience with surgical repair of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) with focus on the management of associated mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of cases presenting to a quaternary referral center between November 1990 and October 2011. Results In all, 25 patients (18 female) presented with a diagnosis of ALCAPA at a median age of 5 months (range, 1.5 to 102). Twenty-one patients (84%) had moderate to severe impairment of left ventricular function with median fractional shortening of 14% (range, 2% to 33%), and 19 patients (76%) had moderate to severe MR. Surgery was performed with direct coronary reimplantation in 16 patients (64%) and intrapulmonary tunnel (Takeuchi repair) in 9 (36%). Four patients had mitral valve repair at time of surgery, all for structural anomalies. Functional MR with a structurally normal mitral valve was not repaired. The median duration of postoperative follow-up was 93 months (range, 9 to 240). There were no early or late deaths, and no patient required mechanical support. Four patients (16%) required surgical or catheter reintervention. At last follow-up, 24 of 25 patients were asymptomatic; the left ventricular function was normal in 22 patients. Moderate MR was present in 4 patients. There was significant improvement in left ventricular function and MR ( p Conclusions Surgical repair of ALCAPA has good long-term results with low mortality and reintervention rates. The majority of MR is functional and will improve with reperfusion, but structural mitral valve abnormalities should be repaired at the time of surgery.
Viewer controllable visualization for construction document processing

Abstract Existing construction document management systems are too static to meet the challenges of providing document viewers more effective and more efficient tools to handle problems in a dynamic and distributed business environment. One of the reasons is that many of those systems merely replicate paper-based construction documents in electronic format with “fixed” and “separate” views. This research suggests that construction document processing involves various forms of information flows, i.e. horizontal flow, vertical flow and object views. Consequently, to support these concepts and theories, this research presents a solution of “live” documents that can synthesize data and information of different nature, e.g. schedule and budget from various sources, e.g. public and private, based on document viewers' requirements. The proposed system allows document viewers to control the visualization of construction document information while processing documents. This solution can also improve existing Application Service Provider (ASP) technology by providing viewers with a more dynamic and flexible environment, in which private and public spaces are clearly acknowledged and integrated.
Dynamics of NO and N2O Decomposition over Cu–ZSM-5 under Transient Reducing and Oxidizing Conditions

Abstract N2O and NO decomposition pathways on Cu–ZSM-5 have been investigated by monitoring the adsorbate dynamics and changes in reactant and product concentrations using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS) under transient reducing and oxidizing conditions. Transient reducing and oxidizing conditions were produced by the H2, CO, and O2 pulses into either N2O or NO streams. IR and MS studies under the transient conditions revealed that adsorbed O produced from N2O exhibited different reactivity and dynamics from the adsorbed O produced during NO decomposition. The differences in reactivity and dynamics of the adsorbed O were evidenced by the fact that (i) adsorbed O from N2O interacted with CO/H2 to produce two humps in the H2O and O2 concentration profiles; adsorbed O from NO reacted with CO/H2 that led to only one hump in the H2O and O2 concentration profile, and (ii) addition of the O2 pulse led to reaction of O2 with adsorbed O from NO, resulting in oxidation of Cu+ in Cu+(NO) to Cu2+ in Cu2+(NO3−); addition of O2 did not lead to any reaction with adsorbed O from N2O decomposition. N2O decomposition is proposed to proceed via Cu+–ON2, Cu2+O−, and Cu2+O−–ON2 with Cu+–ON2 serving as a precursor for N2 formation and Cu2+O− as a precursor for O2 formation. NO decomposition proceeds via Cu+(NO), Cu2+O−, and Cu2+(NO3−) with Cu+(NO) serving as a precursor for NO dissociation. Cu+ in Cu+(NO) is different from that of Cu+ in Cu+–ON2. The former may be associated with Al(OH)4− of the zeolite, the latter with Si(OH)4−.
Performance evaluation of heterogeneous wireless local area networks

The overall market for wireless local area networks (WLANs) grew more than 200% from 2000 to 2002, and will continue to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 23% until 2007. The objective of this research was to assess the performance of commercial-off-the-shelf WLAN systems with respect to interoperability, roaming ability, power consumption, throughput, and range. The evaluation was performed on both homogeneous and heterogeneous WLAN systems. Experimental test results indicate that the fundamental components of a WLAN system (i.e. access points and radio cards) and their combinations, significantly affect performance with respect to range, throughput, and power consumption. No significant differences in performance were observed in the WLAN systems with respect to interoperability (i.e. all systems characterized proved to be fully interoperable) or roaming (i.e. all combinations of access points and radio cards were able to seamlessly roam).
Minimizing software conflicts through proactive detection of conflicts and task scheduling

Software conflicts arising because of conflicting changes are a regular occurrence and delay projects. Workspace awareness tools have been proposed to facilitate task coordination among developers, enabling them to identify potential conflicts early, while conflicts are still easy to resolve. However, these tools have limitations, as they identify conflicts after conflicts have already occurred and therefore, are unable to prevent developers’ time and effort spent in resolving the conflicts. The goal of this Ph.D. research is to: (1) characterize the distribution of conflicts, their frequency and the factors within a project that affects the distribution and frequency of conflicts, (2) design and implement a conflict minimization technique that proactively identifies potential conflicts by analyzing developers’ tasks and avoids them by scheduling tasks in a conflict minimal manner and (3) evaluate the proposed approach using historic data from OSS projects and through user evaluations. Thus far, we have implemented our approach and evaluated it with historic data from four OSS projects and through simulated data.
The smallest eigenvalue of Kr-free graphs

Let G be a K"r"+"1-free graph with n vertices and m edges, and let @l"n(G) be the smallest eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. We show that@l"n(G) =-1+2r(n-1-d)^rn^r^-^1. .
Work in progress: A holistic approach to ReEngineering the freshmen engineering course

Engineering schools must strive to evolve a new paradigm for undergraduate education that recognizes the evolution of the skills and learning styles of its incoming students and prepares them to tackle society's grand challenges of the future, while at the same time increases the probability of their success in their chosen engineering program. Most researchers and experts in the field agree on some basic tenants of retention [1–3], which include developing community amongst freshmen, creating connections for freshmen through meaningful interactions with returning students and faculty, engaging freshmen in active learning environments, helping freshmen understand and internalize the vision and mission of the school, and assisting freshmen to develop a personal identity as an Engineer. This paper describes the creation of new freshmen engineering courses, taught in a new learning environment with a new instructional model that addresses all of these important tenants of retention.
Controlling microstructure in poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanofibers

We demonstrate the ability to control the microstructural order of self-assembled nanofibers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and link structure differences with formation conditions. We control the crystallization conditions of the P3HT chains through the use of various solvents and show that distinct differences in overall organization occur between nanofiber samples. We also show for the first time that a reorganization of the chains in a nanofiber can occur after heating in solution. This only occurs if the degree of order in the nanofiber is very high. This reorganization leads to P3HT crystals with a larger π-stacking distance than the usually observed 0.38 nm and this structure can be repeatably obtained. We characterize the nanofibers' microstructure through UV-Vis absorbance, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. The amount of microstructural order follows a clear trend with increasing solvent quality. We demonstrate three separate causes for the microstructure variability; (1) the fractionation of polymer chains due to solubility differences, (2) chain conformational differences due to solvent interactions, and (3) the kinetics of formation.
Spinal pharmacology of thermal hyperesthesia induced by constriction injury of sciatic nerve. Excitatory amino acid antagonists

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of spinally administered excitatory amino acid antagonists on the thermal hyperesthetic state induced by unilateral partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in the rat. The measured response was the latency to paw withdrawal of each hind paw after application of a focused heat lamp on the plantar surface of the paw through a glass plate upon which the animal stood. In this work, antagonists (MK801, dl -2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, ketamine) of the N- methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDA), the glycine potentiation site at the NMDA receptor (5-chloro-indole-2-carboxylic acid) and non-NMDA receptor (kynurenic acid: g- d -glutamylaminomethyl sulphonate) were injected through chronically implanted lumbar intrathecal catheters in normal rats (no lesions) and in rats with unilateral constriction injury. In the normal rat study, NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists had little effect upon paw withdrawal latency at intrathecal doses which did not produce readily detectable motor weakness. In the hyperesthetic rat study, NMDA antagonists would temporarily eliminate the hyperesthetic state at doses below those which altered the response latency of the normal paw or which altered motor function. These results suggested that spinal NMDA receptors play an important role in the hyperesthetic state induced by peripheral nerve injury.
Reductive amination of [18F]fluorobenzaldehydes: Radiosyntheses of [2-18F]- and [4-18F]fluorodexetimides

Two [18F]-labelled analogues of dexetimide, a potent muscarinic cholinergic receptor ligand, have been synthesised in good yields and at high specific activities. Reductive amination of [2-18F]- and [4-18F]fluorobenzaldehyde with norbenzyldexetimide and sodium cyanoborohydride gave, in a one-pot reaction, good (≈20%) yields of high specific activity [2-18F]- and [4-18F]fluorodexetimide respectively. The labelled benzaldehydes may be useful synthetic precursors for the radiosyntheses of other complex radiotracers for use with positron emission tomography.
The value of umbilical cord histology in the management of potential perinatal infection.

The value of histologic examination of the placenta and umbilical cord in the prospective management of 351 neonates with potential infection or perinatal asphyxia was evaluated for a one year period. An increased incidence of funisitis was observed in association with both fetal immaturity and prolonged rupture of fetal membranes; this increase in cord inflammation was related to an increased incidence of infection in these groups. A significant association of funisitis with perinatal asphyxia, either with or without meconium staining, was not found. An eightfold increase in the incidence of bacteriologically proved infection was observed in neonates with funisitis. The only proved infections occurring in the absence of cord inflammation were associated with bacterial invasion by group B β-hemolytic streptococcus. Although demonstration of funisitis does not definitively separate the infected from the uninfected fetus or neonate, examination of the adnexa enables the physician to identify a group whose risk is particularly high. Evaluation of adnexal histology is not a substitute, however, for careful clinical observation and appropriate bacteriologic and diagnostic studies.
Preparing the twenty-first century workforce: the case of curriculum change in radiation protection education in the United States

The advent of the global information society and a myriad of other rapidly changing variables are presenting many new and unique challenges for the twenty‐first century workforce, and perhaps the most pressing of these challenges is actually meeting the needs for qualified workers to fill the positions in emerging and growing fields. One such field is the nuclear industry. In fact, the nuclear industry is on the verge of a workforce crisis with a need for more than 57% of current radiation protection technicians (RPTs) in the United States to be replaced in the next ten years. The University of Missouri was awarded a Department of Labor grant to build an associates of applied science curriculum for the next generation of RPTs. After determining that the dominant approach to RPT training in the industry is via memorisation and recall, the question for the development team became how to best advance a vocational curriculum that provides innovative approaches to knowledge acquisition in meaningful contexts i...
Interactive animation system for virtual maize dynamic simulation

Virtual plant modelling is becoming a hot issue both in computer graphics and agricultural researches. However, high-realistic plant modelling and plant animation is still a problem both in theory and applications. In this study, an interactive animation method for virtual maize dynamic simulation is presented, and an experimental system is developed by using C + + program language and OpenGL library. Firstly, true three-dimensional data and structural parameters of maize plant are collected as the foundation of modelling and animation. Secondly, an accurate virtual maize model is constructed based on interactive parameterised modelling. Constrained by logistic growth model, a group of key parameters is generated and precise maize animation with high-realistic visualisation is created according to the factual plant growth. Furthermore, an applied system is developed based on the proposed algorithm, and a set of simulation results are generated by use of the system. The results show that the proposed method is feasible for realistic dynamic simulation and animation of maize. Finally, main contributions and limitations of the authors work are discussed, and some problems are addressed as the future works.
Photon-number correlations near the threshold of microcavity lasers in the weak-coupling regime.

The quantum-noise properties near the threshold of microcavity lasers are studied theoretically and experimentally in the weak-coupling regime. Computations based on two-level quantum theory show that the microlasers exhibit a high degree of second-order coherence compared with conventional lasers as a result of the suppression of spontaneous emission into nonlasing modes, and that there always exists a finite threshold for these lasers defined by the peak of the photon-number correlation function corresponding to the spontaneous-to-stimulated transition.
Part I. Atomic mass table

Atomic masses, based on a least-squares fit to the experimental data for all nuclides for which data are available and on estimates obtained from systematics for many other nuclides, are presented in a table together with several derived data.
Disorder-induced amorphization

Many crystalline materials undergo a crystalline-to-amorphous (c-a) phase transition when subjected to energetic particle irradiation at low temperatures. By focusing on the mean-square static atomic displacement as a generic measure of chemical and topological disorder, we are led quite naturally to a generalized version of the Lindemann melting criterion as a conceptual framework for a unified thermodynamic approach to solid-state amorphizing transformations. In its simplest form, the generalized Lindemann criterion assumes that the sum of the static and dynamic mean-square atomic displacements is constant along the polymorphous melting curve so that c-a transformations can be understood simply as melting of a critically-disordered crystal at temperatures below the glass transition temperature where the supercooled liquid can persist indefinitely in a configurationally-frozen state. Evidence in support of the generalized Lindemann melting criterion for amorphization is provided by a large variety of experimental observations and by molecular dynamics simulations of heat-induced melting and of defect-induced amorphization of intermetallic compounds.
Culture of the School: A Construct for Research and Explanation in Education.

School cultures are no more than a special case of the culture of organized institutions. The concept is particularly useful for that type of institution known as "a complex organization. " The idea of cultures of schools, as I have thought about it, is derived from the notion that a standard organizational setting has a set of culture patterns according to which the on-going human activities that typify the organization are carried out. The culture of a school, however, should not be confused with the culture of a tribe, an ethnic group, a community, or even perhaps a social class.
Online effects of offline ads

We propose a methodology for assessing how ad campaigns in offline media such as print, audio and TV affect online interest in the advertiser's brand. Online interest can be measured by daily counts of the number of search queries that contain brand related keywords, by the number of visitors to the advertiser's web pages, by the number of pageviews at the advertiser's websites, or by the total duration of visits to the advertiser's website. An increase in outcomes like these in designated market areas (DMAs) where the offline ad appeared suggests heightened interest in the advertised product, as long as there would have been no such increase if the ad had not appeared. We propose a regression analysis to estimate the incremental value of the ad campaign beyond the baseline interest that would have been seen if the campaign had not been shown. A small print ad campaign illustrates the method.
Electric automobiles - Yes

Growing shortage of petroleum threatens the lifeline of conventional automobiles and makes the search for alternate transportation systems mandatory. Among several possible substitutes, the electric automobile appears promising as a short-distance commuter car (COMCAR). Its lack of pollution would be an additional advantage. A systematic user test and demonstration project was undertaken to analyze the performance capability of a commercially available electric automobile. The project included a six-month driving program by volunteer test drivers who used the car for daily trips to and from work. Although the performance of the test vehicle was only about half as good as can be expected with an electric commuter car specifically designed for its purpose, the reaction of volunteer test drivers in the COMCAR project was positive. Experience and data obtained in this project led to recommendations for further steps toward the development and introduction of large numbers of electric commuter cars for urban transportation.
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children

SUMMARY Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in children and is characterized by repeated episodes of hypoxia, hypercapnia and/or sleep disruption. In children, OSA is usually due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the most common treatment is adenotonsillectomy (AT). AT is a highly effective treatment in most cases, but a significant subset of children have residual OSA following AT, especially children who are obese. This review discusses the treatment options for children with OSA, including AT, continuous positive airway pressure therapy, topical corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and dental/orthodontic treatments. AT is the first-line therapy for most children and is likely to remain so, but continuing research into alternatives to surgery is important into the future.
Observations and Simulations of the Diurnal Variation of the Urban Heat Island Circulation and Associated Variations of the Ozone Distribution: A Case Study

Abstract The observed surface and upper air temperature and wind field patterns on 8 June 1976 in St. Louis, Missouri, were analyzed and compared with simulation results from a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. An urban heat island (1–2°C temperature difference between the urban and rural regions) persisted during the day. The daytime temperature differential was relatively weak compared to that at night (∼5°C difference). In contrast, the urban heat island circulation was more intense during the day. This is thought to be due to the heating being distributed through a deeper layer. In the early evening, the heat island circulation dissipated due to the development of a surface-based inversion in the boundary layer. The highest concentrations of O3 at the surface were found in the zone of convergence associated with the urban heat island circulation immediately downwind of the center of the city. As the heat island circulation dissipated during the early evening, the area of high O3 concentration was ...
High-pressure liquid chromatography of aromatic amines

Abstract The high-pressure liquid chromatographic conditions required for the liquid-solid separation of approximately fifty aromatic monoamines and diamines were established in this study. The separations were carried out on various silica gels using chloroform and/or cyclohexane mobile phases. The primary separation mechanism depended upon an interaction between the amino group and the slightly acidic adsorbent and in most cases is related to the basicity of the amine. The general parameters developed here should apply to the separation of other aromatic amines not considered in this study.
O-GlcNAc turns twenty: functional implications for post-translational modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with a sugar.

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic nucleocytoplasmic post-translational modification more analogous to phosphorylation than to classical complex O-glycosylation. A large number of nuclear and cytosolic proteins are modified by O-GlcNAc. Proteins modified by O-GlcNAc include transcription factors, signaling components, and metabolic enzymes. While the modification has been known for almost 20 years, functions for the monosaccharide modification are just now emerging. In this review, we will focus on the cycling enzymes and emerging roles for this post-translational modification in regulating signal transduction and transcription. Finally, we will discuss future directions and the working model of O-GlcNAc serving as a nutrient sensor.
Superconducting Bi1.5Pb0.5Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox ceramics by rapid melt quenching and glass crystallization

A glass of nominal Bi(1.5)Pb(0.5)Sr2Ca2Cu3O(x) composition, prepared by rapid quenching of the melt, showed a glass transition temperature of 383 C, crystallization temperature of 446 C, melting temperature of 855 C, and bulk density of 5.69 g/cu cm in air. The activation energy for crystallization of the glass was estimated to be 292kJ/mol from non-isothermal DSC. On heating in oxygen, the glass showed a slow and continuous weight gain starting at approximately 530 C which reached a plateau at approximately 820 C. The weight gained during heating was retained on cooling to ambient conditions indicating an irreversible oxidation step. The influence of annealing conditions on the formation of various phases in the glass has been investigated. The Bi(2)Sr(2)Ca(0)Cu(1)O(6) phase crystallized out first followed by formation of other phases at higher temperatures. The high-T(sub c) phase, isostructural with Bi(2)Sr(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(10) was not detected below 840 C, but its fraction increased with the annealing time at 840 C. A sample annealed at 840 C for 243h in air and furnace cooled showed the highest T(sub c)(R=0) of 107.2K and a narrow transition width, delta T(sub c)(10 to 90 percent), of approximately 2 K. The high T(sub c) phase does not seem to crystallize out directly from the glass but is rather produced at high temperature by reaction between the phases formed at lower temperatures. The kinetics of 110K phase formation was sluggish. It appears that the presence of lead helps in the formation and/or stabilization of the 110 K phase.
Application of bimaterial interface corner failure mechanics to silicon/glass anodic bonds

Abstract Motivated by the existence of a universal singular stress field at bimaterial interface corners, a fair amount of work has been performed to support the use of the corresponding critical stress intensities to correlate fracture initiation. The approach is in the spirit of interface fracture mechanics but applicable to a different class of problems, specifically, when a crack does not previously exist (or cannot be detected, at least economically), and when subsequent crack propagation does not necessarily occur along the interface. Here we further progress toward the development, understanding, and application of the approach, both experimentally and theoretically, for a series of silicon/glass anodically bonded structures. To this end we designed and fabricated two series of silicon/glass anodically bonded bimaterial specimens with different interface corner geometries that commonly arise from different silicon etching technologies. Offset three-point flexure tests were performed that resulted in brittle fracture that initiated at the interface corner. From a rigorous stress analysis at the interface corner, we determined the order of the stress singularities and the angular variation of the stress fields. We computed the corresponding stress intensities via full-field finite element analyses of the silicon/glass specimens loaded in offset three-point flexure. Measured fracture data show that although the failure stress varies significantly with bond size, the corresponding critical stress intensity of the dominant mode is constant, thus providing support for its use as a fracture initiation criterion. In the light of both the stress analysis and the measured fracture data, we discuss the effect of mode mixity (loosely shearing versus opening) and show that it has little influence on the results for the specimens and loading considered in this study. Via an idealized model of a small crack, either interfacial or extending into one of the adherends, we study the effects of geometrical perturbations at the interface corner on the stress state, and discuss implications for fracture analysis and interpretation of fracture data. We also explore the prediction of the crack initiation angle and achieve reasonable success with a simple criterion based on the maximum circumferential stress near the uncracked interface corner.
ePortfolio: expanding the educational vision (our educational saga)

Ithaca College, guided by our vision of student excellence and our professional certification programs, set out to use existing and supported technology to help students create and publish ePortfolios. An ePortfolio is an online multimedia-capable portfolio that showcases a student's collection of academic learning, achievements, knowledge, and skills. Depending on the viewing audience, ePortfolios can also be used by external evaluation agencies for institutional accreditation, by the Development Office for marketing, by Admissions for recruiting, by the Provost's Office for teacher evaluation, or by students applying for postgraduate opportunities.Information Technology Services (ITS) provided the ePortfolio service to the community with the belief that "if we build it, they will come." Through trial and error, we developed a student-friendly easy-to-use tool. We will discuss our vision, research, initial pilot program, re-focus, additional research, second pilot program, and the subsequent creation of the Ithaca College ePortfolio Builder.
The man behind the syndrome: Sigvald Refsum.

(1992). The man behind the syndrome: Sigvald Refsum. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 277-284.
Groups Potentially at Risk for Making Poorly Informed Decisions About Entry into Clinical Trials for Childhood Cancer

Purpose: Some patients may be at greater risk than others of enrolling on a randomized clinical trial (RCT) without fully understanding the implications. To investigate this possibility, this study poses the question, Do non–English-speaking Latino parents of children with leukemia show differences in their discussion of and understanding of an RCT when compared with English-speaking minority parents and with English-speaking majority (ie, white) parents? This research hypothesizes that factors such as social and educational status and the role of language interpreters may account for significant differences in the discussion and understanding of an RCT among the three groups. Patients and Methods: A total of 108 parents are reported on, all of whom were observed, interviewed, and audiotaped during informed-consent discussions about participation in an RCT with their child’s oncologist. Comparisons among the groups were performed using χ2 tests and a one-way analysis of variance. Results: Problems of cons...
VIABILITY OF SEEDS UP TO 211 YEARS OLD EXTRACTED FROM ADOBE BRICK BUILDINGS OF CALIFORNIA AND NORTHERN MEXICO

Seeds recovered from adobe walls of historic buildings in California and Northern Mexico were assayed for viability and germinability. Seven of the approximately 40 species tested had one or more viable seeds. These were (age of seeds in parentheses) Medicago polymorpha (200), Malva parviflora (200, 195, 183), Hordeum leporinum (200), Trifolium sp. (193), Melilotus indicus (183), Chenopodium murale (183), and C. album (143). Additionally, 41-yr-old seeds of Lotus corniculatus collected from living plants were found to be viable. Seeds of Medicago polymorpha and Lotus corniculatus germinated and produced normal seedlings. The importance of seed longevity in weedy species is briefly discussed. THE POTENTIAL LONGEVITY OF SEEDS iS a topic of widespread interest. Agriculturalists are interested in the seed storage potential of crop plants (Roberts, 1972) and the ability of seeds of weedy species to persist in the soil (Brenchley, 1918; Kropac, 1966). Plant breeders are interested in the longevity of seeds as a means of conserving genetic lines (James, 1967), while plant ecologists are concerned with the role of
The effectiveness of a "critical pathway" in the management of laryngectomy patients.

Background This is a retrospective review of medical and financial records to test the hypothesis that the use of a critical pathway specifically designed for the management of laryngectomy patients will result in improved patient care, decreased length of hospitalization, and optimal allocation of resources. Methods Thirty patients undergoing laryngectomy before the implementation of the laryngectomy critical pathway were compared with 30 patients after implementation of the pathway. Clinical outcomes, length of hospitalization, and cost analyses were performed. Results Adjusting for two outliers, the average length of stay for pathway patients was 7.3 days vs 12 days for prepathway patients. A total estimated cost-savings of $204,000 was ultimately achieved. Conclusions Our laryngectomy critical pathway has resulted in improved patient care and optimized allocation of medical resources. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 694–699, 2000.
Medial temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia: relationship of size to duration of illness ☆

Reductions in the size of medial temporal lobe structures in schizophrenia have been demonstrated using magnetic resonance imaging. It is not clear whether these neuropathological changes are present premorbidly or if they reflect an adult-onset progressive process. In this study, quantitative measures were made of the lateral ventricles, third ventricle, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral hemispheres from coronal MRI images on 33 patients with schizophrenia and 41 normal controls. Images were selected a priori from the region of the temporal lobe in which we had previously demonstrated reduced volume of temporal lobe gray matter in a separate sample of patients. Results showed a decrease in amygdala, hippocampal, and amygdala-hippocampal size bilaterally and an increase in third and lateral ventricular volume. Advancing age in normals was associated with a decrease in the size of medial temporal structures and an increase in lateral ventricular size. In schizophrenia, there was a correlation between age and lateral ventricle size, but duration of illness was not associated with reductions in medial temporal tissue or ventricular enlargement. These results are consistent with prior evidence from neuroimaging and postmortem studies of medial temporal pathology in schizophrenia and support hypotheses that neuropathological changes in schizophrenia are not progressive.
15.8 90dB-SFDR 14b 500MS/S BiCMOS switched-current pipelined ADC

Wireless infrastructure imposes increasingly stringent requirements on data converters. To enable base stations with multi-carrier functionality, ADCs in the receive path need high sample rates with superior SFDR across 100s of MHz and several decades of input signal power. Furthermore, as the number of antennas increase, higher ADC integration is required to minimize board area, complexity, and cost.
Multiple realizability and the semantic view of theories

Multiply realizable properties are those whose realizers are physically diverse. It is often argued that theories which contain them are ipso facto irreducible. These arguments assume that physical explanations are restricted to the most specific descriptions possible of physical entities. This assumption is descriptively false, and philosophically unmotivated. I argue that it is a holdover from the late positivist axiomatic view of theories. A semantic view of theories, by contrast, correctly allows scientific explanations to be couched in the most perspicuous, powerful language available. On a semantic view, traditional notions of multiple realizability are thus very hard to motivate. At best, one must abandon either the idea that multiple realizability is an interesting scientific notion, or else admit that multiply realizable properties do not automatically block scientific reductions.
Neonatal monosodium glutamate lesions alter neurosensitivity to ethanol in adult mice

Abstract A number of studies have indicated a relationship between brain peptide activity and sensitivity to the behavioral effects of ethanol. Specifically, it has been suggested that ethanol effects are mediated by changes in the endogenous opioid peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) precursor. Most cell bodies containing brain POMC-derived peptides are found in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been reported to destroy cell bodies of the arcuate nucleus. We treated WSC strain mice on postnatal Day 4 with a single SC injection of 4 mg/g MSG or saline. When adult, MSG and control mice were challenged with an IP injection of ethanol and its effect on body temperature, open field activity, or duration of loss of righting reflex was assessed. Blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was measured and the hypothalamic content of β-endorphin like immunoreactivity (β-EP) was determined by radioimmunoassay. β-EP was markedly reduced in both females and males by MSG treatment. MSG-treated animals of both sexes showed significantly less ethanol-induced hypothermia than controls. BEC was higher in MSG-treated animals of both sexes than in controls, so the differences were not due to ethanol pharmacokinetics. β-EP was generally lower in males. Duration of righting reflex was prolonged in MSG treated animals, and the reduction in open field activity was potentiated. These latter effects may be in part attributable to the higher BECs achieved in lesioned animals. These data suggest that β-EB cell bodies in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus mediate neurosensitivity to some effects of ethanol in mice, but further experiments will be necessary to implicate β-EP specifically.
Growth, Fecundity, and Mortality of Paddlefish in Louisiana

Abstract Growth, mortality, fecundity, egg diameter, and age at maturity were determined from samples of 270 paddlefish Polyodon spathula collected from the Atchafalaya River basin and Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, during a commercial harvest moratorium from 1987 to 1989. Early growth of paddlefish determined from back-calculation of annular measurements on dentary cross sections was high relative to paddlefish populations in the upper Mississippi River drainage; lengths of age-1 fish ranged from 411 to 455 mm in eye-fork length. Natural mortality of Louisiana paddlefish was high (26–48%), and data suggested a reduction in age at maturity (100% females mature at age 10), lower fecundity (average fecundity, 9,500 eggs/kg body weight), and larger eggs (average diameter, 2.67 mm) relative to other paddlefish populations. Changes in reproductive life history characteristics may reflect rapid growth and high natural mortality rates. As the postmoratorium commercial fishery for Louisiana paddlefish develops, c...
Transoral robotic versus open surgical approaches to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma by human papillomavirus status.

Objectives(1) Investigate oncologic survival outcomes and (2) analyze the impact of human papillomavirus status on prognosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral robotic versus open surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care referral center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital.SubjectsOne hundred thirty total (65 per treatment arm) with primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsPatients treated for primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with either transoral robotic (TORS) or open surgery plus standard of care adjuvant therapy between October 2004 and March 2012 were matched based on TNM staging before a retrospective chart review was performed. Carcinoma tissue was stained both prospectively and retrospectively with CINtec p16-INK4a kits for surrogate human papillomavirus typing. Recurrence-free survival was used to evaluate the impact of human papillomavirus tumor status and method of surgical interventi...
Scalar Formulation of Ideal Charged Gas Flow

In the case of adiabatic flow of an ideal electron or ion gas in the presence of gravitational and electromagnetic fields, it is possible to derive a system of scalar equations of motion for the gas that provides an alternative to the Euler formulation. The new dynamical variables that replace the velocity are three scalars, one of which is a generalization of the flow potential and satisfies a generalized Hamilton‐Jacobi equation. The other two are constants of motion that specify the intrinsic vorticity, which is that part of the total vorticity that is not produced by the external fields, but rather is simply a residue of the initial conditions of the gas. It is this intrinsic vorticity that satisfies the generalization of the simple vorticity conservation theorem. The same formalism can be adapted to the case of constant‐temperature flow and to the flow of an arbitrary barotropic fluid.
Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis and cell division.

Abstract A clone of HeLa cells has been selected in the presence of 5-methylnicotinamide. In the presence of 10 mM 5-methylnicotinamide the resistant cells grow at 70% of the rate of the same cell culture without 5-methylnicotinamide. 10 mM 5-methylnicotinamide completely inhibits the growth of normal HeLa cells. Both cell types in the absence of 5-methylnicotinamide have the same generation time. Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis is less sensitive to 5-methylnicotinamide in nuclei isolated from the resistant cells than in nuclei from sensitive cells.
THE DILUTION/FLUSHING TECHNIQUE IN LAKE RESTORATION

ABSTRACT: Dilution/flushing has been documented as an effective restoration technique to restore eutrophic Moses and Green Lakes in Washington State. The dilution water added to both lakes was low in nitrogen and phosphorus content relative to the lake or normal input water. Consequently, lake nutrient content dropped predictably. Dilution or flushing rates were about ten times normal during the spring-summer periods in Moses Lake and three times normal on an annual basis in Green Lake. Improvement in quality (nutrients, algae, and transparency) was on the order of 50 percent in Moses Lake and even greater in Green Lake. The facilities for supplying dilution water were largely in place for the cited lakes; thus, costs for water transport were minimal. Available facilities, and therefore, costs, for water transport would usually vary greatly, however. Achieving maximum benefit from the technique may be more limited by availability of low nutrient water rather than facilities costs. Quality improvement may occur from physical effects of algal cell washout and water column instability if only high nutrient water is available.
Continuity spaces: reconciling domains and metric spaces

Abstract We use continuity spaces, a common refinement of posets and metric spaces, to develop a general theory of semantic domains which includes metric spaces and domains of cpo's as special cases and provides the appropriate tools for producing new examples which may be suitable for modeling language constructs that occur in concurrent and probabilistic programming. Our proposal for a general notion of semantic domain is a symmetrically compact -continuity space, where is a value quantale. We show that the category of symmetrically compact -continuity spaces with continuous maps has many of the key properties required of a category of domains and that it captures, in a natural way, the traditional examples. In general, the category will not be Cartesian closed; however, powerdomains do exist and, by adapting a construction of Suenderhauf to continuity spaces, we show that they define a computational monad in the sense of Moggi.
Realized Noise Figure of the General Receiving Antenna

In discussions of antenna noise figure, the effect of antenna impedance mismatch is often neglected or not correctly accounted for. Antenna impedance mismatch can degrade signal-to-noise ratio, even with a lossless antenna, particularly when the received signal and/or the received external noise powers approach the receiver's noise floor. This letter presents a formula for the realized noise figure of the general receiving antenna expressed as a function of the antenna's radiation efficiency and impedance mismatch loss. This realized noise figure is defined for the situations where the antenna is connected to a receiving system at a noise temperature of T0 as well as a general noise temperature Tr. This formula for realized antenna noise figure allows the antenna engineer to understand how the antenna design, particularly the tradeoffs between impedance matching and radiation efficiency, affect the signal-to-noise ratio performance in the general receiving system.
Faith Commitment of Born-Again Students at Secular and Evangelical Colleges

This study explored the stability and change in religious beliefs of Evangelical college students who identified themselves as born-again Christians. It sought to ascertain the differences between those that attended Christian colleges belonging to the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU) with seven other types of colleges. Respondents to the longitudinal surveys were classified into four groups for analysis based upon their responses to the survey question, “do you consider yourself a born-again Christian?” Overall, findings indicate that students attending CCCU institutions appeared to strengthen and/or maintain their Evangelical religious commitment more so than students at the other seven types of institutions.
Brief Report: Preliminary Reliability, Construct Validity and Standardization of the Auditory Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

The Auditory Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ) evaluates abnormal behavioral responses to auditory stimulation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study reports preliminary reliability, construct validity and standardization of the ABQ. Parents of children with ASD aged 7–21 years (n = 165) completed the ABQ on-line. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 indicating strong internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure supporting previous theoretical discussion of global sensory processing difficulties and the construct validity of the ABQ. The 4-factors, (1) Difficulty in Background Noise, (2) Aversive Reactions, (3) Unresponsiveness, and (4) Stereotypic/Repetitive Behaviors, are very similar to Dunning’s (Development of a questionnaire to assess auditory behaviors in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 2003) hypothesized factor domains. Standard factor scores for children with ASD are reported.
Software tools for designers of sensor and actuator CAE systems

The authors review the University of Michigan's CAEMEMS design architecture and present details of generic software tools they have developed that should prove useful to designers of other systems. CAEMEMS is an evolving software framework for the design of sensor and actuator CAE (computer-aided engineering) systems. Results from a benchmarking test of the diaphragm-pressure-sensor module CAEMEMS D-Module are used as examples. >
Ultralow jitter semiconductor based actively mode-locked laser

We report on a 10.24 GHz actively mode-locked laser with 4.65 fs of relative timing jitter and 0.0365% pulse-to-pulse amplitude fluctuation. Supermode noise spurs for this harmonically mode-locked laser are <?150 dBc/Hz.
Should physicians assist the reaper

Physician-assisted suicide is a novel idea having affinities with both suicide and euthanasia. It has affinities with suicide because it involves a self-inflicted death, and it has affinities with euthanasia because the physician is instrumental in the death. It is, however, not exactly either, making it the subject of an exciting debate.
Adolescents with Abnormal Cervical Cytology

Cytologic screening is an important diagnostic tool to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a continuum of neoplastic alterations, from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. Our high incidence of 32/1,000 adolescent girls with abnormal cervical cytology, suggestive of CIN, supports studies showing that major cervical pathology does exist in this age group. The importance of this problem, previous experiences, reliability of screening, management, and associated risk factors are reviewed. We advocate that the sexually active older adolescent, 18 to 21, have PAP smears at least yearly. It is also our feeling that sexually active adolescents under 18 should have annual PAP smears, even though our studies revealed a paucity of significantly abnormal findings in this age group.