cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Blockade Prevents Peripheral Nerve Disruption in a Mouse Model Reminiscent of Benign World Health Organization Grade I Neurofibroma

Benign peripheral nerve tumors called neurofibromas are a major source of morbidity for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Some neurofibroma Schwann cells aberrantly express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In a mouse model in which the CNPase promoter drives expression of human EGFR in Schwann cells, nerves develop hypertrophy, mast cell accumulation, collagen deposition, disruption of axon-glial interactions, characteristics of neurofibroma and are hypoalgesic. Administration of the EGFR antagonist cetuximab (IMC-C225) for 2 weeks beginning at birth in CNPase-hEGFR mice normalized all pathologies at 3 months of age as evaluated by hotplate testing or histology and by electron microscopy. Mast cell chemoattractants brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-β1, which may account for mast cell accumulation and fibrosis, were reduced by cetuximab. Later treatment was much less effective. A birth to 2-week pulse of cetuximab blocked hEGFR phosphorylation and Schwann cell proliferation in perinatal mutant nerve, so CNPase-hEGFR Schwann cell numbers correlate with the cetuximab effect. A >250-fold enlarged population of EGFR + /p75 + cells was detected in newborn Nf1 +/− mouse nerves. These results suggest the existence of an EGFR + cell enriched in the perinatal period capable of driving complex changes characteristic of neurofibroma formation.
Is property dualism better off than substance dualism

It is widely thought that mind–body substance dualism is implausible at best, though mere “property” dualism is defensible and even flourishing. This paper argues that substance dualism is no less plausible than property dualism and even has two advantages over it.
Saddlepoint approximation at the edges of a conditional sample space

Saddlepoint methods present a convenient way to approximate probabilities associated with canonical sufficient statistic vectors in generalized linear models. Implementing saddlepoint approximations requires calculating maximum likelihood estimators for the associated parameters. When the sufficient statistic vector lies at the edge of the sample space, maximum likelihood estimators may not exist. This paper describes how to modify saddlepoint approximation to work in these cases.
Tackling complex problems, building evidence for practice, and educating doctoral nursing students to manage the tension

Abstract The mandate for evidence-based practice (EBP) arose in response to, among other catalysts, several Institute of Medicine reports beginning in the late 1990s. At the same time, the National Institutes of Health and others have recognized that the most complex, important, and challenging problems, termed “wicked problems,” are inherently transdisciplinary and require thinking beyond the limits of existing theories. When nursing students are prepared for EBP, they operate within a fairly stable set of assumptions and they exercise a past orientation. Wicked problem-solving occurs within a context that is characterized as dynamic and ambiguous and requires a future orientation to imagine potential solutions to questions of “what if?” Both skills, EBP, and wicked problem-solving, are essential within the discipline of nursing. Students at all levels need to understand when each scientific approach is required. PhD students must be prepared to participate in wicked problem-solving.
Recovery of Semivolatile Organic Compounds during Sample Preparation: Implications for Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter

Semivolatile compounds present special analytical challenges not met by conventional methods for analysis of ambient particulate matter (PM). Accurate quantification of PM-associated organic compounds requires validation of the laboratory procedures for recovery over a wide volatility and polarity range. To meet these challenges, solutions of n-alkanes (nC12-nC40) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs (naphthalene to benzo[ghi]perylene) were reduced in volume from a solvent mixture (equal volumes of hexane, dichloromethane and methanol), to examine recovery after reduction in volume. When the extract solution volume reached 0.5 mL the solvent was entirely methanol, and the recovery averaged 60% for n-alkanes nC12-nC25 and PAHs from naphthalene to chrysene. Recovery of higher MW compounds decreased with MW, because of their insolubility in methanol. When the walls of the flasks were washed with 1 mL of equal parts hexane and dichloromethane (to reconstruct the original solvent composition), the recovery of nC18 and higher MW compounds increased dramatically, up to 100% for nC22-nC32 and then slowly decreasing with MW due to insolubility. To examine recovery during extraction of the components of the High Capacity Integrated Gas and Particle Sampler, the same standards were used to spike its denuders and filters. For XAD-4 coated denuders and filters, normalized recovery was >95% after two extractions. Recovery from spiked quartz filters matched the recovery from the coated surfaces for alkanes nC18 and larger and for fluoranthene and larger PAHs. Lower MW compounds evaporated from the quartz filter with the spiking solvent. This careful approach allowed quantification of organics by correcting for volatility- and solubility-related sample preparation losses. This method is illustrated for an ambient sample collected with this sampler during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000.
Empirically Supported Family‐Based Treatments for Conduct Disorder and Delinquency in Adolescents

Several family-based treatments of conduct disorder and delinquency in adolescents have emerged as evidence-based and, in recent years, have been transported to more than 800 community practice settings. These models include multisystemic therapy, functional family therapy, multidimensional treatment foster care, and, to a lesser extent, brief strategic family therapy. In addition to summarizing the theoretical and clinical bases of these treatments, their results in efficacy and effectiveness trials are examined with particular emphasis on any demonstrated capacity to achieve favorable outcomes when implemented by real-world practitioners in community practice settings. Special attention is also devoted to research on purported mechanisms of change as well as the long-term sustainability of outcomes achieved by these treatment models. Importantly, we note that the developers of each of the models have developed quality assurance systems to support treatment fidelity and youth and family outcomes; and the developers have formed purveyor organizations to facilitate the large-scale transport of their respective treatments to community settings nationally and internationally.
The strong unitarity condition of theS-operator

The power of the Bogoliubov causality condition is further employed to show that the strong-unitarity condition of theS-operator off the mass shell follows from weak unitarity together with the other assumptions of the theory.
Base Flow Characteristics of a Linear Aerospike Nozzle Segment

The separated base flow region within a linear aerospike nozzle segment is investigated experimentally in an ejector-diffuser system. The nozzle-diffuser system and base pressure characteristics are described over the pressure ratio range from the 'open wake' to the 'closed wake' operation. Schlieren photographs and static pressure distributions along the test section centerline and top contour describe the transition from 'open wake' to 'closed wake' flow fields. Base pressure and static pressure distributions are utilized to present the effects of a ramp diffuser. The effects of base bleed on the base pressure ratio and structure of the nozzle flow field are also presented.
Boundaries of bounded Fatou components of quadratic maps

In this paper, we characterize those external rays that land on the bounded Fatou components of hyperbolic and parabolic quadratic maps. For those maps not in the main cardioid of the Mandelbrot set, we prove that the arguments of these rays form a Cantor subset of the circle at infinity. Our techniques involve both the orbit portraits of Goldberg and Milnor that relate the dynamic and parameter planes and the Thurston theory of laminations for quadratic maps.
The added value of contextual motivations on consumer–brand relationships of self-gifts

Consumers frequently engage in self-gifting purchases (gifts for one’s self) and they do so mostly to reward themselves for a success achieved or to cheer themselves up after a failure. Thus, both ‘reward’ and ‘compensation’ motives might underlie consumers’ self-gift purchases. Although self-gifting has been increasingly popular in the marketing literature, not much work has investigated its consequences. In the current article, we seek to examine how these motives to purchase self-gifts might influence the consumer–brand relationship. Across two studies, using both manipulated and measured variables, we show that consumers have more positive brand evaluations when motives are present than when they are absent, independent of whether the product is purchased because of a self-rewarding or a self-compensating motive. Furthermore, we show that this effect holds true only for individuals who do not feel very connected to the brand. Results are robust across very different product categories (lollipops and watches) and populations (student and ‘non-student’ sample). Thus, we suggest that marketers might target consumers with low self-brand connection more effectively by emphasizing specific motivations to purchase indulgent self-gifts when they design their ad campaigns and brand positioning strategies.
The Impact of Discounting on an Auction with a Buyout Option: a Theoretical Analysis Motivated by eBay’s Buy-It-Now Feature

An auction with a buyout option occurring over continuous time with rules similar to eBay’s “buy it now” option is analyzed. When auction participants make no distinction as to when a transaction occurs, the seller optimally chooses a buyout option price so high that bidders never exercise the option. However, time impatience on either side of the transaction can motivate the seller to offer an option price low enough so that the option is exercised with positive probability. Further, allowing a time impatient seller to offer such an option results in an ex ante Pareto improvement when bidders do not discount future transactions.
A simplified alternative to orthogonal field overlap when irradiating a tracheostomy stoma or the hypopharynx

Abstract Orthogonal field arrangements are usually employed to irradiate a tumor volume which includes a tracheostomy stoma or the hypopharynx. This approach may produce a significantly greater dose than intended to a small segment of the cervical spinal cord because of field overlap at depth from divergence of the beams. Various sophisticated approaches have been proposed to compensate for this overlap. All require marked precision in reproducing the fields on a daily basis. We propose a simplified approach of initially irradiating the entire treatment volume by saterior and posterior opposed fields. Opposed lateral fields that exclude the spinal cord would then provide local boost treatment. A case example and computer-generated isodose curves are presented.
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation of molten aluminum cleansing by the rotating impeller degasser: Part II. Removal of hydrogen gas and solid particles

Abstract Rotary degassing is widely used in the foundry industry for removing hydrogen gas and solid impurities from molten aluminum alloys. In this method, a specially designed impeller rotates inside the melt and gas is purged into the molten alloy through holes located at the bottom of the impeller. The purged gas forms bubbles that rise to the melt's surface. While rising, the bubbles pick up hydrogen gas and solid impurities from the melt and carry them to the surface where they are incorporated into the sludge layer. Removal of hydrogen from the melt is essentially a consequence of diffusion of the dissolved hydrogen from the melt into the rising gas bubbles, and removal of solid particles is a consequence of their clustering and settling, as well as their attachment to the rising gas bubbles. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the removal of hydrogen and unwanted solid particles from aluminum alloy melts. Hydrogen removal is modeled by applying conservation of mass to the melt and developing a hydrogen mass balance. Similarly, particle removal is modeled by applying a special particle population balance. This model is comprehensive as it allows simulation of the entire rotary degassing melt-cleansing process including the removal of unwanted particles and hydrogen gas.
CONTINUOUSLY CONTROLLED ALGEBRAIC K-THEORY OF SPACES AND THE NOVIKOV CONJECTURE

Here the L-polynomial is a certain rational polynomial in the Pontrjagin classes. This theorem is surprising from many points of view: the left hand side is obviously a homotopy invariant and an integer, whereas the right hand side a priory is only a smooth invariant and a rational number. This led Novikov to the following conjecture: If M has fundamental group π and x is an element in H∗(Bπ), f the classifying map, could it be that the higher signatures, x ∪ L(M)[M ] are homotopy invariants of the manifold M? From this point of view Hirzebruch’s theorem is a verification of the Novikov conjecture for simply connected manifolds. Later Wall [17, section 17H] realized that the Novikov conjecture can be expressed using the assembly map h∗(Bπ;L(Z)) → L∗(Zπ). The Novikov conjecture is equivalent to the assembly map being a rational monomorphism. Over the years it has turned out that there are lots of assembly maps. In algebraic Ktheory, in C∗-theory and in A-theory among others. It has become common practice to call the statement that the assembly map is a rational monomorphism, the Novikov conjecture in that theory. In the case of C∗-theory, monicity of the assembly map implies, but is not equivalent to the classical Novikov conjecture. In this paper we treat the A-theory case. We wish to extend the results in [6] and [7] to A-theory, using a variation of the continuously controlled A-theory in [13, 15] to replace the continuously controlled K-theory in [1]. One of the main problems here is, that as a computational device, slightly discontinuous maps were allowed in [1] and [6], and Atheory does not respond nicely to that. The answer is to work with spaces that are so locally contractible, that the slightly discontinuous maps (eventually continuous maps) can be replaced by continuous maps. Otherwise the strategy is to follow [7, 6] and [13, 15], and we shall assume the reader has some familiarity with these papers. We prove the following theorem
Parthenolide Sensitizes Cells to X-Ray-Induced Cell Killing through Inhibition of NF-κB and Split-Dose Repair

Abstract Mendonca, M. S., Chin-Sinex, H., Gomez-Millan, J., Datzman, N., Hardacre, M., Comerford, K., Nakshatri, H., Nye, M., Benjamin, L., Mehta, S., Patino, F. and Sweeney, C. Parthenolide Sensitizes Cells to X-Ray-Induced Cell Killing through Inhibition of NF-κB and Split-Dose Repair. Radiat. Res. 168, 689–697 (2007). Human cancers have multiple alterations in cell signaling pathways that promote resistance to cytotoxic therapy such as X rays. Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone that has been shown to inhibit several pro-survival cell signaling pathways, induce apoptosis, and enhance chemotherapy-induced cell killing. We investigated whether parthenolide would enhance X-ray-induced cell killing in radiation resistant, NF-κB-activated CGL1 cells. Treatment with 5 μM parthenolide for 48 to 72 h inhibited constitutive NF-κB binding and cell growth, reduced plating efficiency, and induced apoptosis through stabilization of p53 (TP53), induction of the pro-apoptosis protein BAX, and phosphorylation of B...
Primary Pulmonary Amyloidosis: An Unusual Case with 14 Years' Survival

A 70-year-old woman had nodular lesions and a right hilar infiltrate visible on chest x-ray film. The diagnosis of pulmonary amyloidosis was established by a transbronchial lung biopsy. Over the next 14 years, the patient remained relatively asymptomatic but developed extensive pulmonary involvement. The case illustrates the long and relatively benign course of primary pulmonary amyloidosis.
Sisyphus in Kertész's Fatelessness

In his article "Sisyphus in novel in relation to the philosophy of eternal recurrence, namely a universe made of finite possibilities experienced and re explorations of eternal recurrence by Friedrich Nietzsche were taken up by Albert Camus, and Rubin argues that certain works by both authors are fundamental to any reading of Further, Beck Rubin argues that Kertesz perspectives: one sees Kertesz as an author in co allegory of Sisyphus, the character as a writer who turns Sisyphus into a symbol process, Kertesz turns the world of the concentr > ISSN 1481-4374 Issue 1 (March 2014) Article 4 , "Sisyphus in Kertesz's Fatelessness" b.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol16/iss1/4>
Origin of the differences in refractory-lithophile-element abundances among chondrite groups

Abstract Chondrite groups can be distinguished on the basis of their abundances of refractory lithophile elements (RLE). These abundances are, in part, functions of the mass fraction of Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) within the chondrites. Carbonaceous chondrites contain the most CAIs and the highest RLE abundances; they also contain modally abundant fine-grained matrix material that consists largely of modified nebular dust. The amount of dust varied throughout the solar nebula: enstatite and ordinary chondrites formed in low-dust regions in the inner part of the nebula, R chondrites formed in higher-dust zones at somewhat greater heliocentric distances, and carbonaceous chondrites formed in even dustier regions farther from the Sun. The amount of ambient dust peaked in the region where CV and CK chondrites accreted; these chondrites have abundant matrix, the highest modal abundances of CAIs, and the highest bulk RLE contents. Substantial amounts of nebular dust occurred in highly porous multi-millimeter-to-centimeter-size dustballs that were on the order of 100 times more massive than CAIs. Radial drift processes in the nebula affected these dustballs to approximately the same extent as the CAIs; both types of objects were aerodynamically concentrated in the same nebular regions. These regions maintained approximately the same relative amounts of dust through the periods of chondrule formation and chondrite accretion.
EVOLUTION OF HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE IN BRYOPHYTES II. AN ECOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE “COPPER MOSS,” SCOPELOPHILA CATARACTAE (POTTIACEAE)

About six bryophyte species (including both mosses and liverworts) are generally thought to be restricted to copper-enriched substrates and are consequently known as copper mosses. One of these, Scopelophila cataractae (Pottiaceae), is known from several sites in southern Arizona and occurs at six localities in the Eastern US. Chemical analyses of substrates from the eastern US localities showed that all but one population grew on copper-enriched soil. The one substrate sample low in copper was very high in iron. Plants from five of the six eastern US localities for S. cataractae were grown experimentally on four soil types ranging from highly to not contaminated, and all grew best on the soil contaminated with copper, lead, and zinc. There was no significant variation in growth between populations on the four soil treatments. This lack of population differentiation is in contrast to flowering plants and may be related to the absence of sexual reproduction in S. cataractae in North America.
The Relationship between Industrialization and White Hostility toward Blacks in Southern Cities: 1865-1910

In this article I examine the relationship between industrialization and the exclusion of southern blacks from cities and occupations between 1865 and 1910—an era dubbed by social historians as the New South. I demonstrate that the interaction of such factors as percentage of blacks, percentage of whites, and white racism played an important role in forcing blacks to participate in a secondary labor market. The findings show that ascriptive judgments often are the rule and not necessarily the exception when industrialization proceeds, populations expand, and racist ideology persists.
Multimodality microscopy for structural and functional imaging of three-dimensional cell dynamics

A multimodality microscope has been constructed to enable simultaneous optical coherence and nonlinear multi-photon microscopy. Spectroscopic detection permits three-dimensional scatterer sizing in tissue and in single cells.
Variable height slot-outcoupling for the compact UH THz-FEL

Abstract The quest for tunable, compact coherent radiation sources in the THz region of the electro-magnetic spectrum is growing and stimulating further developments and research activities in this area. The THz-FEL Group of the University of Hawaii (UH) pursues the concept of minimizing size and cost of a recirculating-beam electrostatic accelerator THz-FEL. The system employs a low voltage (1.7 MeV) pelletron accelerator in conjunction with a short period ( λ u =8 mm) hybrid undulator and miniature beam line components. The continuous tunability offered by the system over a spectral range between 230 and 640 μm necessitates a broad-band outcoupling mechanism. Holes on the axis in resonator mirrors have been previously employed in long wavelength FELs as a means to couple out optical radiation from the cavity. The UH THz-FEL adopted a parallel plate waveguide resonator design introducing a height adjustable slot-aperture on one of the cylindrical metal mirrors. Based on the mode-matching method employed in treating waveguide discontinuities, we examine the characteristics of the chosen outcoupling mechanism and its influence on the intracavity optical fields.
Subband coder design incorporating recursive quadrature filters and optimum ADPCM coders

This paper presents the results of an analytical and experimental study of the use of IIR quadrature mirror filters and forward adapting ADPCM with optimum quantizers for octave band subband coders for speech. It is Shown that the underlying analysis-synthesis systems can be designed such that there is no interband aliasing distortion in the coded speech and such that the analysis-synthesis transfer function has no frequency distortion or no phase distortion, but not both. The experimental study showed that subband coders based on a mixture of infinite impulse response (IIR) and finite-duration impulse response (FIR) filters resulted in higher quality coding systems using fewer multiplies than for systems based on FIR filters alone. It was also found that a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of about 4 dB could be obtained using optimum quantizers for forward adapting ADPCM coders over linear quantizers in backward adapting APCM codes, but no perceptual quality gain was observed.
Optical Properties and Radiation-Enhanced Evaporation of Nanofluid Fuels Containing Carbon-Based Nanostructures

The present paper experimentally determined the evaporation characteristics of nanofluid fuels with stable suspension of carbon-based nanostructures under radiation absorption in the ultraviolet–visible range. The results show that the evaporation rates of the ethanol-based nanofluids containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are both higher than the evaporation rate of pure ethanol. Additionally, ethanol fuel with the addition of MWCNTs has a higher droplet temperature and a higher evaporation rate than the one with the addition of CNPs or aluminum (Al). To determine the optical properties of various nanofluids, which can help to explain the observed evaporation behavior, we measured the transmission spectrum for each nanofluid, and the extinction coefficient was determined accordingly. The optical properties were also modeled using Rayleigh approximation. The importance of radiation absorption and scattering by the suspended nanostructures was identified for various...
Bootstrapping improved estimators for linear regression models

Abstract Since Stein (1955) proved that the least-squares ( LS ) estimator for the linear-regression model is inadmissible and James and Stein (1961) demonstrated a superior estimator under squared-error loss, a number of better estimators have been proposed. One reason these estimators have not been used in empirical work is that it is difficult to derive their sampling distributions. This study shows that nonparametric bootstrapping provides good estimates of the sampling distribution of Mundlak's (1981) restricted principal-components estimator and a new Stein-rule estimator which shrinks Mundlak's towards LS . A Monte Carlo study of the bootstrap is performed for a range of increasingly collinear designs with 100 observations and 10 regressors. Using a squared-error loss function, the Stein-rule estimator performed much better than LS over most of the designs. The nonparametric bootstrap generated reasonable estimates of the estimator's risk as well as standard errors of the individual components.
Discrete stochastic models for firing of a neuron.

Abstract Firing of a neuron is modeled in terms of birth and death processes. Explicit analytical expressions are obtained for the average firing interval and its variance. These expressions are used explicitly for two models, both involving exponential decay of membrane potential, excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Input-output curves are calculated for these models for a set of values of parameters.
ELEVATIONS OF INTERLEUKIN-8 IN INFANTS WITH BACTERIAL SEPSIS. † 1761

Despite improvements in intensive care and the use of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, bacterial sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Cytokines are endogenous mediators elaborated during the pathogenesis of infection. We reported elevated levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in critically ill infants with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. Interleukin-8(IL-8), a cytokine which attracts and activates neutrophils, may also be implicated in the inflammatory response. We hypothesized that plasma levels of IL-8 are elevated in infants with bacterial sepsis. We prospectively measured plasma IL-8 levels at presentation in infants <6 months of age who were evaluated for sepsis. Twenty infants had culture proven bacterial sepsis (GA 32.7±1.3 wk, M±SEM, postnatal age (PNA) 49±10 d); 20 control infants had signs of infection(sepsis syndrome) but negative cultures (GA 35.1±1.3 wk, PNA 24±8 d). Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA (T Cell Diagnostics, Woburn, MA). IL-8 levels were significantly elevated in infants with bacterial sepsis (306±113 pg/ml) versus sepsis syndrome controls (38±14 pg/ml, p<0.025). Furthermore, IL-8 levels were nearly tenfold greater in infants with gram negative (554±200 pg/ml, n=10) versus gram positive sepsis (58±21 pg/ml, n=10, p<0.025). Elaboration of IL-8 was independent of BW, GA, and PNA. Thus, IL-8 levels are elevated in infants with bacterial sepsis versus sepsis syndrome controls; these levels are highest during gram negative septicemia. In the future, cytokine determinations may identify infants who would benefit from immunotherapeutic strategies. (Funded by NIH RR-00240).
Readmission following ventral hernia repair: a model derived from the ACS-NSQIP datasets

Institutions are now incentivized to decrease rates of preventable readmissions. The purpose of this study was to examine readmissions following open ventral hernia repair (VHR), to ultimately create a model to preoperatively identify high-risk patients. Utilizing the 2011 and 2012 ACS-NSQIP datasets, patients undergoing open VHR were identified by CPT codes. Patients who were readmitted in 2011 within 30 days of the procedure were compared to those who were not with regard to preoperative and operative characteristics. A bootstrap analysis was performed to identify internally validated risk factors to be included in the final logistic regression, which was utilized to create a weighted model to predict the risk of readmission. This model was then validated with VHR patients in 2012. Overall, 10,745 patients were included for model generation. Of these, 850 (7.9 %) patients were readmitted within 30 days. The final bootstrap analysis demonstrated that active smoking, ASA ≥ 3, a history of bleeding disorder or anemia, long operative time, inpatient status, and concurrent panniculectomy were all independently associated with readmission following ventral hernia repair. Significant variables were assigned a weighted score, ranging from 1 to 3. Each patient was then placed into one of four cohorts according to their summed score. The internally validated model [Hernia Readmission Risk (HERR) Score] demonstrated that risk increased in a linear fashion, with the highest risk cohort having a 21 % risk of 30-day readmission. Perioperative predictors of readmission following VHR include smoking, ASA score, operative magnitude, concurrent panniculectomy, and preoperative anemia and bleeding disorders. The presented model based on these factors can aid in perioperative risk stratification for readmission.
Immunophenotypic comparison of blood and lymph node from dogs with lymphoma.

— Peripheral blood and lymph node tissue from 12 dogs with lymphoma was immunophenotyped. Additionally, the bone marrow was immunophenotyped in 6 dogs. The lymphomas were characterized as B-cell in 11 dogs and T-cell in 1 dog. Immunophenotypic patterns in the peripheral blood and bone marrow were variable. The trend in dogs with B-cell lymphoma was normal to increased percentage of IgG-positive cells, decreased percentage of pan-T-positive cells, decreased percentage of CD4-positive cells, and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. Simultaneous immunophenotyping of lymph node, blood and bone marrow cannot be recommended routinely without further studies to document its value as an independent prognostic indicator. However, it is potentially useful for tumor staging and monitoring remission, especially in lymphoma patients with a leukemic phase.
Taxonomic studies of Pygmephorus species from the :Western Hemisphere, with a key to females and an overview of the current problems for classification (Acari: Pyemotidae and Pygmephoridae)

Abstract All described species of Pygmephorus Kramer, collected from North and South America on mushrooms, mammals, and other hosts are discussed. This study includes illustrations and redescriptions of ten species: Pygmephorus americanus Banks, P. quadratus Ewing, P. arvorum, P. formosus, P. disparisetae, and P. silvestris Jacot, P. flechtmanni, and P. kneeboni Wicht, P. mesembrinae Canestrini, and P. sellnicki Krczal. Lectotypes are designated for P. quadratus, P. arvorum, P. formosus, and P. silvestris. Females of some species are polymorphic; the term “phoretomorph” is used to differentiate the heteromorphic female from the normal female. A key to species is presented to include female forms previously assigned to the genus and known to occur in the Western Hemisphere. Males of P. sellnicki and P. mesem - brinae are illustrated and redescribed. New Pygmephorus species are smithi, crossi, murphyi and hollyoakae. Pyemotid mites reported in mushroom houses are P. murphyi n. sp. and P. athiasae, flechtman...
Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells with CD103 depletion.

Background M290SAP, a murine CD103 antibody conjugated with the immunotoxin saporin, has been found to induce the indefinite acceptance of transplanted pancreatic islets in mice. We sought to understand the underlying mechanism of this alloacceptance, particularly with respect to the CD4 CD25 T regulatory phenotype. Methods In this study, we established the kinetics of M290SAP and evaluated the requirement of alloantigen for the induction and maintenance of CD4 CD25 T regulatory cells (Tregs). Naive C57BL/6 mice were treated with several doses of M290SAP with and without donor-specific blood or splenocytes. Blood and spleens were collected at specific time points and underwent FACS analysis. Results M290SAP significantly depleted CD103 cells and induced the up-regulation of CD4 CD25 T regulatory population in spleen cell preparations. The combination of alloantigen in the form of donor-specific blood or splenocytes, with M290SAP, further induced the up-regulation of CD4 CD25 Tregs in the spleen compared with either M290SAP alone or alloantigen alone. The generation of CD4 CD25 cells and the depletion of CD103 cells reached a maximum at 7 d and by 3 wk CD103 and CD4 CD25 T regulatory cell populations returned to baseline. When multiple antigenic challenges were administered, the splenic CD4 CD25 cell population was again up-regulated and persisted for 3 wk. Conclusion Our data confirm that M290SAP induces the generation of the CD4 CD25 T regulatory phenotype in spleens of naive mice. Alloantigen further enhances and rejuvenates the CD4 CD25 cell population in mice treated with M290SAP.
Trypsin stabilizers in human serum. The role of α2-Macroglobulin

Abstract The protein in normal serum that combines with trypsin and protects its esterase activity, has been investigated by gel filtration, agar electrophoresis, and immunological procedures, and has been confirmed to be α2-macroglobulin. Comparative studies indicated that the isolated α2-macroglobulin molecule will combine with trypsin in a similar ratio (mole/mole) as the α2-macroglobulin in whole serum. However, the isolated protein enzyme complex is much more readily inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor.
Miniature Multiple-Pulse Q-Switched Ruby Laser Holocamera For Aerosol Analysis

A miniature holocamera is described which utilizes cantilever beam vibrations of a ruby rod as a Q-switch mechanism. Up to three Q-switched pulses are obtained per pumping cycle. Triple-pulsed holograms provide information from which particle sizes, velocities, and accelerations are directly measured. The holographic record provides an image of a volume equal to a 35 mm still frame area in cross section and approximately 15 cm deep. Hand carrying ease of portability makes this camera especially convenient to move from site to site for short-term measurements.
A hypothesis regarding complement activation and amniotic fluid embolism

Summary Amniotic fluid embolism, a rare, sudden and often fatal illness of pregnancy may not be a true embolic event resulting from the physical obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature. The high degree of variability in symptoms, the lack of characteristic findings on radiological exam, the absence of a dose-response effect on symptoms, and the occasional occurrence of coagulopathies are not entirely consistent with a physical block to the circulation as the main mechanism of disease. Alternatively, it might be the result of complement activation initiated by fetal antigen leaking into the maternal circulation. This rare immune response may be initiated by a rare pathological antigen, or by common antigens presented uncommonly—in amount, timing, or frequency of entry into the maternal circulation. Some very early evidence in AFE patients supports this hypothesis but is not conclusive. Complement levels remain well within the normal range during uncomplicated parturition. A prior theory that AFE might be a result of maternal anaphylaxis to fetal antigen has much less evidence to support it. The disseminated intravascular coagulation often seen in this and other serious obstetrical illnesses may be a secondary result of complement activation rather than the direct introduction of pro-coagulants into the maternal circulation although the link between the complement and coagulation pathways, if any, remains poorly defined. Through currently available laboratory testing, both the complement hypothesis and the anaphylaxis mechanism are able to be assessed. Direct measurement of serum complement as well as serum tryptase and urinary histamine are readily obtained tests in community hospitals as well as tertiary care hospitals. If the hypothesis proves true, this investigation may be of profound importance to understanding immune tolerance. Rather, than asking why one pregnant woman in 20,000 develops a violent immune reaction to the fetus, a better question is why do not all pregnant women reject the fetus which is a large collection of foreign antigens?
Evaluation of Polymorphisms in the Sulfonamide Detoxification Genes CYB5A and CYB5R3 in Dogs with Sulfonamide Hypersensitivity

Background Delayed hypersensitivity (HS) reactions to potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials occur in both dogs and humans, and involve an intermediate hydroxylamine metabolite that is detoxified by cytochrome b5 and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the genes (CYB5A and CYB5R3) encoding these 2 enzymes would be associated with risk of sulfonamide HS in dogs. Animals A total of 18 dogs with delayed HS to potentiated sulfonamide antimicrobials and 16 dogs that tolerated (TOL) a therapeutic course of these drugs without adverse effect. Methods CYB5A and CYB5R3 were sequenced from canine liver, and the promoter, exons, and 3′ untranslated regions of both genes were resequenced from genomic DNA obtained from all dogs. Results Multiple polymorphisms were found in both genes. When controlled for multiple comparisons, the 729GG variant in CYB5R3 was significantly overrepresented in dogs with sulfonamide HS (78% of dogs), compared to TOL dogs (31%; P = .003). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The CYB5R3 729GG variant may contribute to the risk of sulfonamide HS in dogs. Functional characterization of this polymorphism, as well as genotyping in a larger number of HS and TOL dogs, is warranted.
An algorithm for natural mode animation

Abstract This paper describes an IBM-compatible microcomputer-based algorithm, written in Turbo C, for the animation of three-dimensional wire-frame finite element structure models on a variety of graphics devices. Since the Disk Operating System's memory addressing limitation of 640 kilobytes (KB) for a given program exists, the algorithm is implemented with a two-image animation scheme with each image stored as a portion of the entire screen in four memory buffers. The user may observe animated natural modes in elevation, plan, cross-section, and isometric views with an adjustable time delay between frame switching. As an example, the resulting algorithm is utilized to display natural modes of the Luling cable-stayed bridge. Discussions are made on the effect of different graphics devices on the animation process with regards to resolution, color versus black and white, memory requirements, and runtime flicker. The algorithm has proved reliable and efficient in its use, and above all, a great tool for engineers to quickly ascertain modal characteristics of complex structure configurations.
The sources of thermal energy exchange accompanying microbial catabolism.

Calculations are made of the thermal energy exchanges accompanying the anabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of four substrates using the equations \( \Delta _{\text{r}} H_{\text{B}}^{{\text{0'}}} = \Delta _{\text{r}} X_{\text{B}}^{{\text{0'}}} + \Delta _{\text{f}} Q_{{\text{ab}}{\text{,B}}}^{{\text{0'}}} \) and \( \Delta _{\text{r}} H_{\text{B}}^{{\text{0'}}} = \Delta _{\text{r}} G_{\text{B}}^{{\text{0'}}} + T\Delta _{\text{r}} S_{\text{B}}^{{\text{0'}}} \). Contrary to a previous postulate cited in the Discussion, the free-energy changes accompanying anabolism are not zero, but can be either positive or negative. However, their magnitude with either sign is small compared to that of catabolism of the same substrates, so that even with free energy changes that are negative it is unlikely anabolism can be considered a spontaneous process.
Enhanced stereoselectivity of α-mannosylation under thermodynamic control using trichloroacetimidates

Abstract O-Specific polysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae O1, serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, consist of α-(1→2)-linked N -(3-deoxy- l - glycero -tetronyl)perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy- d -mannose). The blockwise synthesis of larger fragments of such O-PSs involves oligosaccharide glycosyl donors that contain a nonparticipating 2- O -glycosyl group at the position vicinal to the anomeric center where the new glycosidic linkage is formed . Such glycosyl donors may bear at C-4 either a latent acylamino (e.g., azido) or the 3-deoxy- l - glycero -tetronamido group. While monosaccharide glycosyl donors, even those bearing a nonparticipating group at O -2 (e.g., methyl), and the 4- N -(3-deoxy- l - glycero -tetronyl) side chain form α-linked oligosaccharides with excellent stereoselectivity, α-mannosylation with analogous oligosaccharide donors in this series is adversely affected by the presence of the side chain. Consequently, the unwanted β-product is formed in a considerable amount. Conducting the reaction at elevated temperature under thermodynamic control substantially enhances formation of the α-linked oligosaccharide. This effect is much more pronounced when glycosyl trichloroacetimidates, rather than thioglycosides or glycosyl chlorides, are used as glycosyl donors.
Parental Invasive Behaviors and Emerging Adults' Privacy Defenses: Instrument Development and Validation

Building from previous efforts by Petronio (1994) and Ledbetter, Heiss, Sibal, Lev, Battle-Fisher, and Shubert (2010), the chief purposes of this investigation were to (a) develop instruments measuring parental invasive and children's defensive privacy behaviors and (b) validate the instruments by examining associations with family satisfaction and family communication patterns. Confirmatory factor analysis identified three dimensions of parental invasion (verbal, spatial, and mediated) and five dimensions of children's defense (secrecy, mediated, avoidance, direct, and peer). Both parental invasions and children's defenses were negatively associated with family satisfaction and conversation orientation, and positively associated with family conformity orientation. High family conversation mitigated against the positive contribution of conformity to secrecy, direct, and peer defenses.
Energy weighted sums of longitudinal response

Abstract The energy weighted sums W L ( k ) of longitudinal response of three- and four-body nuclei and nuclear matter are calculated with realistic nuclear forces and variational wave functions. Results with Faddeev wave functions are also reported for three-body nuclei. The isospin exchange interactions give large contributions to W L ( k ) and enhance it by 10–80% in the region of interest. We analyze the longitudinal scattering data on 3 He, 12 C, 40 Ca, 48 Ca and 56 Fe. The W L ( k ) of 12 C, 40 Ca, 48 Ca and 56 Fe are estimated from that of nuclear matter by taking into account its dependence on neutron excess ( N − Z )/ A . The experimental data provide S L ( k , ω ) at ω E max , and in the best cases, 3 He ( 12 C) at k = 350 MeV/ c , it gives only 86% (68%) of the predicted sum. The response at ω > E max is assumed to be given by an exponential or square tail that joins the data at ω E max , and gives the remainder of W L ( k ). The contribution of the tail to the longitudinal structure function S L ( k ) is not too sensitive to its assumed (exponential or square) shape, and greatly improves the agreement between experiment and theory of S L ( k ).
The phase structures of nylon 6.6 as studied by temperature-modulated calorimetry and their link to X-ray structure and molecular motion *

The phase behavior of semicrystalline, dry nylon 6.6 is analyzed on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and quasi-isothermal, temperature-modulated DSC, TMDSC. The data were collected over the temperature range from below the glass transitions to above the isotropization. Based on the contributions of the vibrational motion to the heat capacity, as is available from the ATHAS Data Bank, and the multifaceted new calorimetry, as well as on information on X-ray diffraction, molecular dynamics simulation of paraffin crystals, and quasielastic neutron scattering, the following observations are made: (a) beginning at the glass transition temperature of the mobile-amorphous phase (Tg ¼ 323 K), a broadened transition of the semicrystalline sample is observed which reaches to 342 K (Tg ¼ 332.7 K). An additional rigidamorphous phase, RAF, undergoes its separate, broad glass transition immediately thereafter (340e400 K, Tg z 370 K). (b) The transition of the RAF, in turn, overlaps with increasing large-amplitude motion of the CH2 groups within the crystals and latent heat effects due to melting, recrystallization, and crystal annealing. (c) From 390 to 480 K the heat capacity of the crystals increasingly exceeds that of the melt due to additional entropy (disordering) contributions. Above 440 K, close to the Brill temperature, the heat capacity seems to drop to the level of the melt. (d) If observation (c) is confirmed, some locally reversible melting is present on the crystal surfaces. (e) The increasing large-amplitude motion is described as a glass transition of the crystals, occurring below the melting point, at 409 K. The assumption of a separate glass transition in the ordered phase was previously successful in analyzing aliphatic poly(oxide)s and mesophases. The full description of the globally metastable, semicrystalline phase structure of nylons, thus, needs information on the glass transitions of the two amorphous phases and the ordered phase and the various irreversible and locally reversible order/order transitions and their kinetics. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Threats to the External Validity of Brand Extension Research

Abstract The findings of prior research suggest that a brand’s extendibility is constrained by the degree of perceived fit between the brand and extension product categories. However, there are many examples of brands that have been extended successfully into “perceptually distant” domains. Drawing on theories of consumer information processing and product adoption, the authors identify three background traits of prior work that may help explain the discrepancy between prior research and marketplace observation: (1) limited extension information, (2) failure to account for consumers’ new product adoption tendencies (i.e., earlier versus later), and (3) single exposure to proposed extensions. In this study, the authors find that the effects of fit disappear when attribute information is added to extension stimuli and are applicable only for later product adopters. The authors also find that perceived fit increases with greater exposure to an extension. Beyond implications for brand extension research, this...