cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological function in female victims of intimate partner violence with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract Background Various aspects of neuropsychologic function have been reported to be abnormal in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the majority of these data come from studies of seriously ill, treatment-seeking samples with substantial substance use comorbidity. Few studies have included similarly trauma-exposed subjects without PTSD, and fewer still have focused on women. Methods Thirty-nine female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV; 22 without lifetime PTSD and 17 with current PTSD), and 22 nonvictimized comparison (NC) subjects were administered tests of attention, working memory, visuoconstruction, language ability, learning and memory, and executive functioning. Results The IPV and NC subjects did not demonstrate statistically significant differences on most neuropsychologic tests, with the exception of those in the realm of working memory, visuoconstruction, and executive functioning. The IPV subjects, regardless of PTSD status, had poorer performance on tasks of speeded, sustained auditory attention and working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test) and response inhibition (Stroop). The IPV subjects with PTSD performed worse than NCs on a set-shifting task (Trail Making Test, Part B). No consistent relationships were noted between neuropsychologic functioning and severity of childhood abuse or domestic violence experiences. Conclusions Cognitive deficits in IPV subjects were confined to measures of working memory, visuoconstruction, and executive function; were subtle; and were not uniformly worse among those with current PTSD. This pattern, however, is consistent with frontal–subcortical dysfunction in traumatized women. The clinical signifi-cance of these findings deserves further study.
Reporting Live From the Scene: Enough to Attract the 18–24 Audience?

Being able to probive live coverage of breaking news events is one of the unparalleled strengths of television. The purpose of this study is to assess the opinions of 18–24 year olds about live television news reporting. Variables identified by respondents are characterized in one of three ways: awareness of live reporting; positive aspects of live reporting; and negative aspects of live reporting. From the more than 500 young adults surveyed, findings show most do not base their viewing habits on how often a news operation goes live or whether that operation happens to be first to hit the air with breaking news. Respondents show strong agreement that live reporting gives the story a sense of immediacy, leading the positive attributes of live reporting. However, leading the list of negative attributes is the criticism that there are times when a live report is meaningless. There were differences in resoonses based on the market in which the respondents reside.
“Think Aloud”: A program for developing self-control in young aggressive boys

"Think Aloud" was designed as a training program to improve self-control in 6- to 8-year-old boys. It involved modeling and verbalization of cognitive activity to foster use of verbal mediation skills in dealing with both cognitive and interpersonal problems. It was hypothesized that this training would lead to improvement in test performance and teacher ratings of classroom behavior in hyperaggressive boys. Twelve aggressive second grade boys participated in daily, 30-minute, individual sessions for 6 weeks. Normal and aggressive control subjects received no intervention. Teachers rated both trained and untrained aggressive boys as improving in aggressive behaviors but they rated the experimental group as showing improvement on a significantly larger number of prosocial behaviors. The pattern of performance on cognitive tests also changed significantly in the experimental group. On pretest, their pattern differed from normals and resembled the aggressive control group, while on posttest their pattern resembled normals and differed from agressive controls. Suggestions were made concerning additional refinements needed in the program, but overall results indicated potential value in the present approach for providing assistance to aggressive boys in the early grades.
PARTIAL WAVE IN HUMAN SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES APPEARS TO BE A RANDOM OCCURRENCE

Serial cross sections were evaluated to determine the architectural arrangement of stages among men with varied spermatogenic efficiencies. Using autopsy specimens, glutaraldehyde-perfused testes from men with low or high daily sperm production per g parenchyma were compared. Lobes of testicular parenchyma were teased from connective tissue septa, further fixed in osmium, and embedded such that the straight portions of tubules could be sectioned perpendicularly. Unstained 22 microns serial sections were sectioned optically with Nomarski optics. Paired photomicrographs of each tubular cross section were taken under a 40 x objective, and stages of the spermatogenic cycle were mapped by two observers using Clermont's criteria (Clermont, 1963). For comparison, numbers (1-6) were assigned randomly to the stages, the stages were plotted in two dimensions (length and circumference of tubule) as if the tubule were cut down its length and laid flat, and geometric centers were plotted for each stage. Geometric centers consecutive and/or non-consecutive stages appeared to form an angle down the length of the tubule. When considering helical patterns along the tubule, men with neither low nor high spermatogenic efficiency had a complete wave composed of all six consecutive stages. The helical pattern of geometric centers indicated only 2-4 consecutive stages when the actual values of stages were used or when random numbers were substituted for actual numerical value of stages. The number of consecutive stages in tubules from these men was not different from consecutiveness found when stages were assigned random numbers. Given that no complete wave was found, regardless of spermatogenic efficiency, and that the degree of consecutiveness of stages down a helical pattern in human seminiferous tubules could be generated from random numbers, the arrangement of stages in human seminiferous tubules may simply be a random occurrence.
Mesencephalic dopamine modulation of pituitary and central β-endorphin: Relation to food intake regulation

Pituitary and central beta-endorphin have been implicated in the regulation of food intake. It has been suggested that an elevation in hypophyseal beta-endorphin represents the genetic defect in the obese mutant Zucker rat. Both pituitary and central beta-endorphin systems appear to interact with dopamine. We have therefore examined hypophyseal, hypothalamic, and basal forebrain levels of beta-endorphin in the obese Zucker rat, its lean littermate, and lean littermates sustaining neurotoxic lesions of the A10 dopamine cell group in the ventral mesencephalon. The obese mutant exhibits elevated pituitary, but not central, beta-endorphin levels relative to lean littermates. A10 lesions result in a marked increase in both pituitary and hypothalamic beta-endorphin levels, and tend to decrease the amount of the peptide in the basal forebrain. These lesions do not result in either increased food intake or body weight. These data therefore suggest that elevated pituitary beta-endorphin levels do not mediate obesity in the Zucker rat, and also demonstrate that both central and pituitary beta-endorphin are modulated by a dopamine system originating in the ventral mesencephalon.
The dialectic of marital and parental relationships within the stepfamily

Building on the theoretical and research traditions of Jules Henry, Salvador Minuchin, Jay Haley, and Gregory Bateson, this study presents an analysis of metacommunicational statements taken from interviews with nine stepfamily couples regarding their experiences in building a stepfamily. Interviews were conducted with each spouse individually and with each couple jointly regarding the issues related to reorganizing their stepfamily. Analysis of the metacommunicational statements from the transcribed interviews revealed a “relationship dialectic” between the freely chosen marital relationship and the not‐so‐freely chosen stepparent relationship. The interview data revealed two relational tasks that the stepfamily couples attempted to accomplish in an effort to manage that dialectic. The first task was to establish the solidarity of the marriage in the minds of the children. This was attempted through clear statements to the children regarding the priority of the marriage and through efforts at maintaining...
Service Labor and Symbolic Power: On Putting Bourdieu to Work

The subfield that is the sociology of service labor continues to generate vibrant internal dialogue. It was the author’s original intent to push forward the frontier of theory within this field, by performing an ethnography of service work in a non-American context (that of post-apartheid South Africa). Once in the field, however, he found himself moving backward as he was forced to problematize basic assumptions concerning the very category of service. In brief, the author discovered that managers in a competitive tourism industry refused to label their employees’ interactive labor as “service,” whereas workers themselves actively advocated for such a designation. To document the interplay between material and symbolic politics of production, the author turned to the work of Pierre Bourdieu—especially his theory of political representation and the accompanying concept of nomination struggles.
Lack of Protection of Pbn in Isolated Heart During Ischemia and Reperfusion: Implications for Radical Scavenging Mechanism

We evaluated the ability of α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) to trap free radicals and to protect the rat myocardium during ishcemia and reperfusion. Isolated bicarbonate buffer-perfused hearts (n = 8) were subjected to 20 min global ishcemia (37°C) followed by reperfusion with 0.4 to 4.0 mM PBN. Coronary effluent containing the PBN adduct was extracted in toluene. Electron spin resonance analysis of the toluene extract revealed a PBN-hydroxyl adduct. To verify this assignment, a Fenton system was used to generate an authentic PBN-hydroxyl adduct (n = 8), which yielded the same ESR spectra as the reperfusion-derived adduct. The structure of the adduct formed in the Fenton system was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ESR parameters of the PBN-hydroxyl adduct were exquisitely sensitive to solvent polarity during extraction of the adduct. Extraction of an authentic PBN-hydroxyl adduct into chloroform, chloroform:methanol, and toluene closely matched the ESR parameters obtained during re...
Progenitor cells of erythroblasts: an in vitro investigation of erythropoietin-responsive cells of guinea pig bone marrow

The experiments were designed to test whether or not erythroblast progenitor cell function could be demonstrated in a morphological cell type designated as "transitional cells." Two cell fractions, were obtained from the bone marrow of normal and polycythemic guinea pigs. One fraction (F1) was enriched in transitional cells and contained few, if any, other cell types which could be considered as candidates for erythropoietin responsive cells (ERC). The other fraction (F2) contained undifferentiated blast cells as well as transitional cells. The effect of human urinary erythropoiesis stimulating factors (ESF) on heme synthesis was compared in these two fractions by measuring 59Fe incorporation into heme. ESF was more effective in stimulating heme synthesis in guinea pig bone marrow cells than homologous sera obtained from anemic or hypoxic animals. The majority of ERC sedimented in F2, but the stimulation index was comparable in the two fractions. It was confirmed by radioautography that the ESF response in F1 was due to the generation of proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts that incorporated 55Fe. The generation of these cells in F1 was dependent on the addition of ESF to the cultures, whereas 55Fe-labeled erythroblasts were recovered from cultured of F2 not supplemented with ESF. ESF induced a proportion of transitional cells to incorporate 55Fe in both F1 and F2. Transitional cells were the only cell type in which heme synthesis was dependent on ESF. in other cells of clearly nonerythroid morphology (mononuclear phagocytes and reticular cells), 55Fe incorporation occurred independent of ESF. Although the fractionation procedure employed is unsuitable for the separation of ERC from bone marrow, it permitted the enrichment of transitional cells, a cell type defined by morphology. Radioautography with 55Fe identified a proportion of these cells as ERC in both F1 and F2 fractions of bone marrow obtained from normal and polycythemic guinea pigs. Although there may be other cell types in F2 capable of responding to ESF, the present studies show that some transitional cells function as progenitors of erythroblasts because they respond to ESF by initiation of heme synthesis and by transformation into the earliest recognizable erythroid cells.
Production of virus-free plants from virus-infected sweet pepper by in vitro grafting

Abstract A method has been developed to obtain virus-free sweet pepper plants from apical meristems by in vitro grafting. The shoot tips (0.4–0.8 mm) excised from virus-infected plants in a green house were grafted onto decapitated rootstock seedlings. The shoot tip was an apical meristem with two to four leaf primordia. Shoot development was observed in 2–83% of grafted shoot tips. By this method, virus-free plants were produced from the mother plants infected with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or with both viruses.
Directed bedside transthoracic echocardiography: preferred cardiac window for left ventricular ejection fraction estimation in critically ill patients.

Background Bedside transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed by emergency physicians (EPs) is valuable in the rapid assessment and treatment of critically ill patients. We sought to determine the preferred cardiac window for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) estimation by EP sonographers in a critically ill patient population. Methods Prospective investigator-blinded study of focused bedside TTE in a convenience sample of surgical intensive care patients. Investigators were faculty, fellows, or residents from an academic emergency medicine department. Five standard cardiac views were performed: parasternal long axis (PSLA), parasternal short axis (PSSA), subxiphoid 4-chamber, subxiphoid short axis, and apical 4-chamber (AFC). LVEF was determined using at least 1 cardiac view. Investigators rated their preference for each cardiac view on a 5-point Likert scale. Results A total of 70 studies were performed on 70 patients during a 6-month period. Users rated the PSLA as the most useful view for estimation of LVEF (mean 4.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.95-4.51). Pairwise comparisons of cardiac ultrasound views revealed PSLA was preferred over all other views ( P P = .23). Complete 5 view examinations were not achieved in all patients (PSLA in 98%, PSSA in 96%, apical 4-chamber in 74%, subxiphoid 4-chamber in 35%, and subxiphoid short axis in 18%). Interobserver correlation of LVEF estimation was good ( r = 0.86, r 2 = 0.74, P Conclusion Parasternal long axis and PSSA are the preferred echocardiographic windows for EP estimation of LVEF using focused bedside TTE in critical care patients. This may be an important consideration in patients who often have physical barriers to optimal echocardiographic evaluation, are relatively immobile, and have unstable conditions requiring rapid assessment and intervention.
Sharp performance bounds for graph clustering via convex optimization

The problem of finding clusters in a graph arises in several applications such as social networks, data mining and computer networks. A typical, convex optimization-approach, that is often adopted is to identify a sparse plus low-rank decomposition of the adjacency matrix of the graph, with the (dense) low-rank component representing the clusters. In this paper, we sharply characterize the conditions for successfully identifying clusters using this approach. In particular, we introduce the “effective density” of a cluster that measures its significance and we find explicit upper and lower bounds on the minimum effective density that demarcates regions of success or failure of this technique. Our conditions are in terms of (a) the size of the clusters, (b) the denseness of the graph, and (c) regularization parameter of the convex program. We also present extensive simulations that corroborate our theoretical findings.
Abstract 3210: Glutamine synthetase is a genetic determinant of cell-type specific glutamine independence in breast epithelia

Although significant variations in the metabolic profiles exist among different cells, little is understood in terms of genetic regulations of such cell-type specific metabolic phenotypes and nutrient requirement. While many cancer cells depend on exogenous glutamine for survival to justify the therapeutic targeting of glutamine metabolism, the mechanisms of glutamine dependence and likely response and resistance of such glutamine-targeting strategies among cancers are largely unknown. In this study, we have found a systematic variation in the glutamine dependence among breast tumor subtypes associated with mammary differentiation: basal but not luminal-type breast cells are more glutamine dependent and may be susceptible to glutamine-targeting therapeutics. Glutamine independence of luminal-type cells is associated mechanistically with lineage-specific expression of glutamine synthetase (GS). Luminal cells can also rescue basal cells in co-culture without glutamine, indicating a potential for glutamine symbiosis within breast ducts. The luminal-specific expression of GS is directly induced by GATA3 and represses glutaminase expression. Such distinct glutamine dependency and metabolic symbiosis is coupled with the acquisition of the GS and glutamine independence during the mammary differentiation program. Understanding the genetic circuitry governing distinct metabolic patterns is relevant to many symbiotic relationships among different cells and organisms. In addition, the ability of GS to predict patterns of glutamine metabolism and dependency among tumors is also crucial in the rational design and application of glutamine and other metabolic pathway targeted therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3210. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3210
Fullerenes under extreme temperatures and stress: Collisions of fullerenes with surfaces and with other fullerenes

The disintegration and coalescence processes of fullerenes have not yet been established, although certain aspects have been known for years. For example, the energy required to fragment C60 has been calculated to lie in the 11–14 eV range, making it the most stable large molecule known, while reported experimental values are in the 4.5–7 eV range. In this report, we show that surface-impact heating of fullerene-ion beams, when properly calibrated, gives values in agreement with theory. In the last section, new mass spectrometric results on the coalescence reactions of hot fullerene vapors are presented.
Thiol cross-linking of cytoplasmic loops in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli.

The N- and C-terminal halves of lactose permease, each with a single-Cys residue in a cytoplasmic loop, were coexpressed, and cross-linking was studied in the absence or presence of ligand. Out of the 68 paired-Cys mutants in cytoplasmic loops IV/V and VIII/IX or X/XI, three pairs in loop IV/V and X/XI, (i) Arg135 → Cys/Thr338 → Cys, (ii) Arg134 → Cys/Val343 → Cys, and (iii) Arg134 → Cys/Phe345 → Cys, form a spontaneous disulfide bond, indicating that loops IV/V and X/XI are in close proximity. In addition, specific paired-Cys residues in loop IV/V (132−138) and loop VIII/IX (282−290) or loop X/XI (335−345) cross-link with iodine and/or the homobifunctional cross-linking agents N,N‘-o-phenylenedimaleimide, N,N‘-p-phenylenedimaleimide, and 1,6-bis(maleimido)hexane. The results demonstrate that loop IV/V is close to both loop VIII/IX and loop X/XI. On the other hand, similar though less extensive cross-linking studies indicate that neither the N terminus nor loop II/III appear to be close to loops VIII/IX o...
Comparison of two scoring methods for the short form of the Manifest Anxiety Scale and Eysenck's extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) scales.

83 undergraduates at the University of Texas (Austin) were administered two forms of the MAS, E, and N scales. One form called for traditional true/false responses (scored 2/1); the other, response...
DISTRIBUTION OF PURE STATES IN SHORT-RANGE SPIN GLASSES

We review the structure of the spin glass phase in the infinite-range Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model and the short-range Edwards–Anderson (EA) model. While the former is now believed to be understood, the nature of the latter remains unresolved. However, considerable insight can be gained through the use of the metastate, a mathematical construct that provides a probability measure on the space of all thermodynamic states. Using tools provided by the metastate construct, possibilities for the nature of the organization of pure states in short-range spin glasses can be considerably narrowed. We review the concept of the "ordinary" metastate, and also newer ideas on the excitation metastate, which has been recently used to prove existence of only a single pair of ground states in the EA Ising model in the half-plane. We close by presenting a new result, using metastate methods, on the number of mixed states allowed in the EA model.
Empowering women to obtain high quality care: evidence from an evaluation of Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme

guidelines. Methods The data describe retrospective reports of care received from 892 women in poor rural communities in seven Mexican states. The women were participating in an effectiveness study and randomly assigned to incorporation into the programme in 1998 or 1999. Eligible women accepted cash transfers conditional on obtaining health care and nutritional supplements, and participated in health education sessions. Results Oportunidades beneficiaries received 12.2% more prenatal procedures compared with non-beneficiaries (adjusted mean 78.9, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 77.5–80.3; P < 0.001). Conclusion The Oportunidades conditional cash transfer programme is associated with better quality of prenatal care for low-income, rural women in Mexico. This result is probably a manifestation of the programme’s empowerment goal, by encouraging beneficiaries to be informed and active health consumers.
Romans 1.18–32: Its Role in the Developing Arguement

Substantial reasons for rethinking the function of Rom 1.18–32 have emerged in recent studies. The traditional interpretation which continues to be widely accepted asserts that 1.18–32 is one piece of a larger section, 1.18–3.20, which, as a whole, establishes the sinfulness of all humankind. Having shown that to be the case with both Gentiles and Jews, Paul then turns in 3.21 to set forth the solution to that problem. One consequence of this interpretation has been the tendency to isolate 1.18–32 from what follows. The claim of Otto Michel that Rom 1.18–32 is ‘ein Beispiel der Missions-predigt des Pls’ not only illustrates this tendency but is of special interest for the thesis of this presentation.
Extensions of Compressed Imaging: Flying Sensor, Coded Mask, and Fast Decoding

In this paper, we outline some recent advances and identify some open problems in compressed sensing (CS) for remote imaging and related imaging applications. We propose new approaches to compressed remote sensing and image reconstruction, which exploit redundant/overlapping measurements (RMs), multiplexing imaging (MI), and an effective iterative procedure for decoding in the recovery phase. The RM approach involves the concept of data fusion and applies a noiselet transform to a CS measurement matrix, followed by 2-D hexagonal jittered sampling and 1-D jitter-based circular sampling. The MI approach enlarges the field of regard of imaging and provides the compromise between the numbers of masks and detectors by taking advantage of the merits of previous single-pixel sequent imaging and multipixel parallel imaging. Finally, the new decoding method in the CS recovery stage combines Bregman-based nonlocal total variation with curvelet-active-set iteration.
HW/SW codesign incorporating edge delays using dynamic programming

We present an algorithm based on dynamic programming to perform the HW/SW partitioning and scheduling of a given task graph for minimum latency subject to resource constraint. The major contribution of this paper is to consider the edge communication delays in the dynamic programming solution of the problem. The algorithm has a polynomial run time complexity on trees. We also introduce a pruning technique to reduce the runtime of the worst-case scenario of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The algorithm has been implemented and the results are reported. A very fast quality heuristic is also proposed and implemented to provide good solutions in negligible run time.
Professionalism in medical education: the development and validation of a survey instrument to assess attitudes toward professionalism.

Background and aim: This study examined attitudes toward professionalism in an academic medical center. The paper will describe the development and factorial validity of an instrument to measure attitudes toward professionalism in medical education among students, residents and faculty.Methods: A factor analysis of the intercorrelations of responses to 36 items reflecting the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) elements of professionalism for a sample of 765 medical students, residents and faculty was carried out. Data were collected during the spring of 2004. The study was conducted at the Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, PA, USA.Results: Main outcome measures include internal consistency reliability estimates (Cronbach's alpha) for each element of professionalism and a principal components analysis of the intercorrelations of responses to the 36 items in the questionnaire. Analysis of responses reveals seven identifiable factors of professionalism: accountability, altruism, duty, enrich...
Micromachined printhead for the patterning of organic materials and metals

This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of an electrostatically actuated microshutter used as an active shadow mask to pattern evaporated materials. The microshutter and its comb-drive actuator are built on the device layer of an SOI wafer. Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is used to pattern both the device layer and etch a through-wafer hole through which the evaporated materials travel. The actuation voltage of the device is about 30 volts, its resonant frequency is several kHz. The microshutter integrated with an x-y-z manipulator was used to print patterns of organic material and metal on glass substrates in vacuum with a resolution of 30 microns. This printing scheme could enable the patterning of large area organic optoelectronic devices on diverse substrates.
Triggering of the cell cycle of an organized tissue in vitro.

The rabbit lens can be maintained in culture under conditions which retain the block to proliferation characteristic of many of the cells in the normal tissue in vivo. Proliferation and cell migration subsequently can be triggered at will by the addition of serum to the medium. Serum is not required throughout the whole period of culture in order to elicit this response but only during an initial period which ends prior to the onset of both DNA synthesis and mitosis. The duration of this period of serum-dependency is specifically related to the location (and hence the state of organization) of the cells within the epithelial layer. Some of the characteristics of the serum factors which promote these reactions and the conditions of culture which affect their activity are reported.
In vitro fatigue behavior of human dentin with implications for life prediction.

Although human dentin is known to be susceptible to failure under repetitive cyclic fatigue loading, there are few reports in the literature that reliably quantify this phenomenon.
Women, men, risk and energy: a reply to Koster's paradox of Aché foraging

Commenting on our recent paper [[1][1]], Koster [[2][2]] questions the way we represent Ache foraging. Unfortunately, Koster's critique misses the main point of our paper and instead proposes a paradox where Ache hunting is at once high-risk and reliable. We reluctantly respond to these criticisms
RADIAL-GROWTH AVERAGING CRITERIA FOR RECONSTRUCTING DISTURBANCE HISTORIES FROM PRESETTLEMENT-ORIGIN OAKS

A novel dendroecological procedure was developed to elucidate canopy disturbances spanning a >300-yr period for oak (Quercus) forests of central Pennsylvania. Running comparisons of sequential 10-yr ring-width averages may effectively neutralize both short-term (i.e., drought) and long-term growth trends associated with climate while enhancing detection of abrupt and sustained radial-growth increases characteristic of canopy disturbance. Thinning-response studies revealed the conservative tendencies of overstory oak, with substantial basal area reductions (>1/3) required to attain moderate and consistently detectable growth increases. Based on empirical evidence, a minimum growth-response threshold of 25% was established to depict canopy disturbances. This is in contrast to the 50–100% sustained radial-growth release often used to detect disturbance using understory trees in closed forests. Our default threshold was adjusted higher as necessary for those trees highly correlated to climatic trends (as repr...
The evolving incidence and reasons for re-operation after fixed-bearing PCL retaining total knee arthroplasty

PCL retaining fixed-bearing TKA is a highly successful operation with the need for more surgery occurring at the rate of approximately 0.4% per year over the first 27 years. The most common cause for revision surgery is related to polyethylene insert failure and accounts for approximately 50% of re-operations. Late metastatic infection is the next most frequent cause followed by patellar problems, late instability and component loosening in decreasing frequency. A myriad of rare miscellaneous problems can also occur.
Parenting self-efficacy and problem behavior in children at high risk for early conduct problems: The mediating role of maternal depression

Parenting self-efficacy (PSE) has been positively linked to children's adjustment and negatively associated with maternal depression. However, most PSE research has been cross-sectional, limited to predominantly white, middle-class samples, and has not exam- ined potential mechanisms underlying associations of PSE with children's behavior. The present study investigates: (1) how PSE changes over time, (2) the relationship between age 2 PSE and children's behavior problems 2 years later, and (3) the potential mediating role of maternal depression in relation to the association between PSE and child problem behavior. Participants are 652 ethnically and geographically diverse mothers and their chil- dren, at high risk for conduct problems. PSE increased between ages 2 and 4 and higher initial levels predicted lower caregiver-reported age 4 conduct problems after controlling for problem behavior at age 2. The relationship between PSE and later conduct problems was mediated, however, by maternal depression. These findings suggest maternal depression as a potential disruptor of caregiver confidence in early childhood, which has implications for the design and focus of parenting interventions.
Pressure Induced Beam Instabilities in the Fermilab Accelerator

Beam instabilities resulting from localized pressure bumps in the Fermilab main ring have become more significant as the beam intensity has increased. The instability threshold depends on pressure, beam intensity, and machine tune. Experiments are described which explore this threshold using both time dependent and time independent pressure bumps. The effects of gas variations, bump length and time duration are reported.
MECHANICS OF ENAMEL ADHERENCE: XIII, A REVIEW OF THE THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS FOR FORMATION OF METAL PARTICLES IN “COBALT” GROUND COATS AND SOME PERTINENT EXPERIMENTS*

Luther's rule has been suggested to explain the action of FeO, or its solid solutions with oxygen, in forming both Fe and Fe3O4. The theories of Ebell and others have also been reviewed. An X-ray analysis of previously fired “cobalt” ground coat and a photomicrograph of an iron-oxide enamel are given.
Glucocorticoids and microbiota regulate ontogeny of intestinal fucosyltransferase 2 requisite for gut homeostasis

At weaning, the intestinal mucosa surface glycans change from predominantly sialylated to fucosylated. Intestinal adaptation from milk to solid food is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The contribution by glucocorticoid, an intrinsic factor, and colonization by microbiota, an extrinsic factor, was measured as the induction of α1,2/3-fucosyltransferase and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) activity and gene expression in conventionally raised, germ-free, and bacteria-depleted mice. In conventionally raised mice, cortisone acetate (CA) precociously accelerated SI gene expression up to 3 weeks and fut2 to 4 weeks of age. In germ-free mice, CA treatment induces only SI expression but not fucosyltransferase. In post-weaning bacteria-deficient (germ-free and bacteria-depleted) mice, fut2 expression remains at low suckling levels. In microbiota deficient mice, intestinal fut2 (but not fut1, fut4 or fut7) was induced only by adult microbiota, but not immature microbiota or CA. Fut2 induction could also be restored by colonization by Bacteroides fragilis, but not by a B. fragilis mutant unable to utilize fucose. Restoration of fut2 expression (by either microbiota or B. fragilis) in bacteria-depleted mice is necessary for recovery from dextran sulfate sodium-induced mucosal injury. Thus, glucocorticoids and microbes regulate distinct aspects of gut ontogeny: CA precociously accelerates SI expression and, only in colonized mice, fut2 early expression. The adult microbiota is required for the fut2 induction responsible for the highly fucosylated adult gut phenotype and is necessary for recovery from intestinal injury. Fut2-dependent recovery from inflammation may explain the high incidence of inflammatory disease (Crohn's and necrotizing enterocolitis) in populations with mutant FUT2 polymorphic alleles.
TNF inhibition at the time of myocardial infarction attenuates the subsequent development of heart failure

Chronic heart failure is associated with a state of immunomodulation. The cause of increased cytokine production and immune cell dysfunction currently remains unknown, endotoxaemia being discussed as a possible trigger. We have studied gene expression in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 38 patients with chronic heart failure and 15 healthy controls using quantitative RT-PCR analysis (Light Cycler). Patients were subgrouped as asymptomatic (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, n 8) and mild (NYHA class II, n 17) or moderate (NYHA class III, n 13) heart failure. Gene expression of IL -1 and TNF -a was significantly higher in patients with mild to moderate symptoms compared to asymptomatic patients. Compared to healthy controls, heart failure patients showed elevated levels of IL -1 , IL-1 RA, MCP and ICAM-1 as well as increased levels of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor CD14 and of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) TLR2 and TLR4. CD14 surface expression measured by FACS analysis was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls suggesting increased CD14 cleavage or predominant production of soluble CD14. In conclusion, patients with chronic heart failure have increased gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, which correlate with the clinical symptoms. In addition, increased gene expression of the LPS receptor CD14 and its related receptors TLR2 and TLR4 supports a pathogenetic role of endotoxinaemia and/or monocyte activation in chronic heart failure.
“The Virtual Genizah”: Emerging North African Jewish and Muslim Identities Online

After the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist narrative dominated the histories and historiographies of Middle Eastern and North African Jewries. Accordingly, Jews and Arabs were largely kept as distinct binaries divided by the intellectual walls that separated Middle East studies and Jewish studies programs. Local North African and Middle Eastern scholars also silenced or overlooked the Jewish dimension of Middle Eastern societies in the same manner that Israeli scholars ignored the historical connections between Arabs and Jews that existed both before and after 1948. The exclusive, sacred yet ebbing, nationalist paradigm has been plagued with historiographical fissures in recent decades, allowing a new wave of intellectual engagement by a young generation of Jewish and Muslim scholars who began to put the Jew and the Arab back into local and global histories formed through complex social, cultural, economic, and political networks.
Using steerable filters for illumination-invariant recognition in multispectral images

We present an energy matrix representation for multiband images which captures spatial and spectral properties. Using a physical model for spectral reflectance, we derive a pseudoinverse method for the comparison of energy matrices which is invariant to the spectral properties of the scene illumination. At the same time, this method determines the illumination change matrix allowing direct comparison of images obtained under different illumination conditions. We demonstrate the performance of the method for both illumination-invariant recognition and illumination correction on a large set of multiband images. The energy matrices are generated using a small set of oriented steerable filters. We also demonstrate that a related set of rotationally symmetric filters can be used for recognition invariant to both illumination and rotation and that subsequent processing can be used to recover the rotation angle of a recognized object.
Approaches to the study of personhood in the early Mycenaean era

In the brief space allotted for a comment, with respect to the theoretical discussion I will say only that I find the argument insufficiently developed and would rather that Voutsaki had paid closer attention to Dornan's useful critique of Bourdieu and Giddens and the uses to which their sociological theories have been put by archaeologists (Dornan 2002). As a proponent of adding moral philosophy to the archaeological arsenal of theory, Voutsaki might also have dwelt on Walzer's powerful argument about the interrelationship between ‘thin’ minimizing and ‘thick’ maximalizing moralities, since they disabuse us of the restraints of our local and universal ideologies and help us understand how individual actors and the groups of which they are a part are constrained by a plurality of moral decisions. My thoughts here, however, will focus on the case study, since that is the area of my own primary interest and expertise.
A Comparison of Rating Scales Used in the Diagnosis of Extraesophageal Reflux

Summary Objective To evaluate the level of agreement between reflux area index scores, the reflux symptom index (RSI), and the reflux finding score (RFS). Inter- and intrarater reliability of the RFS was assessed. A criterion of pH 5 was used to evaluate its effects on agreement. Study Design Adult participants were enrolled in this prospective study. Methods Eighty-two participants (72 patients and 10 controls) completed the RSI, videoendoscopy, and 24-hour pH probe monitoring. The reflux area index for extraesophageal reflux (EER) events was calculated at pH 4 and 5. Two speech-language pathologists and one otolaryngologist independently rated 36 endoscopic examinations using the RFS through a web-based system. A repeated rating of six examinations was completed. Results Chi-square revealed poor agreement between the diagnostic tools, regardless of which pH criterion was used. Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed fair interrater reliability of the RFS and moderate intrarater reliability. Independent-sample t tests for the RFS and reflux area index (RAI) scores failed to identify patients from normal controls. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the lack of agreement among the current available diagnostic tools for EER. Raters were not in agreement regarding the presence and severity of physical findings of EER. Results support the need for greater consensus among the clinical tools used in the diagnosis of EER. Physical rating scales may overidentify patients and would benefit from uniform scales and training. Assessing EER occurring at pH 5 may also yield important diagnostic information. Further research is needed to verify normative RAI cutpoints.
Competing Visions: Political Formation of Korean Americans in Los Angeles, 1992-1997'

(1998). Competing Visions: Political Formation of Korean Americans in Los Angeles, 1992–1997. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 41-58.
Electrochemical Behavior of the Amorphous Tin–Cobalt Anode

study of the kinetics of its reaction with lithium, its thermal stability, and structural changes as a function of annealing temperature. The last gives insight into the synthesis methods that must be used for such nanoamorphous-materials. Experimental The amorphous tin anode was obtained as in our earlier study 13 from a commercial SONY hybrid lithium-ion battery NP-FP71. Disks with an area of 1.2 cm 2 were punched from the negative electrode and used as the working electrode in 2325 coin cells. Since in the commercial battery, the SnCo active material is coated on both side of the Cu current collector, the material on one side of the disk was scratched off to fit the electrochemical test in the coin system. The electrodes were not washed before use. For the comparative studies, tin in the form of foil was used Aldrich, 99.999, 0.025 mm thick. For the heat-treatment test, about 0.2 g of the amorphous tin material was heated to the chosen temperature, in the range from 100 to 450°C in an 8.5% H2/He atmosphere. All samples were heated to the chosen temperature at 5°C/min and held there for 4 h; they were cooled to room temperature naturally. For the electrochemical test, the electrode was prepared by mixing the heated sample with 10 wt % carbon black and 10 wt % polytetrafluoroethylene powder; this mixture was hot pressed into a stainless steel Exmet grid for 30 min at 100°C. The electrochemical properties were determined in 2325 coin cells using pure lithium foil as both the counter and reference electrodes, 1 M LiPF6 in 1:1 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate as electrolyte, and a Celgard 2400 separator. The cycling was performed between certain voltage ranges as described in the discussion section. The X-ray studies were done on a Scintag XDS 2000 diffractometer using Cu K radiation.
Charge-Dependent Trends in Structures and Vibrational Frequencies of [CO-Au-O2]q (q = −1, 0, +1) Complexes: Evidence for Cooperative Interactions

Charge-dependent trends in the structures, vibrational frequencies, and binding energies of binary [AuCO](q) and [AuO(2)](q) and ternary [O(2)AuCO](q) complexes (q = -1,0,+1), have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. Three different geometrical motifs, given descriptive names of "separated", "pre-reactive", and "long-range", are identified for the ternary complexes. For the binary systems, the general trend is that the complexes become more diffuse as the charge becomes more negative, having longer intermolecular bond distances and weaker binding energies. The trends shown by the ternary complexes are more complicated, and are different for the various geometrical motifs. However, a general trend is that there is a cooperative interaction involving both the CO and O(2) with the Au center, which becomes more pronounced as the negative charge on the complexes increases from cationic to neutral to anionic. This cooperative interaction leads to increased electron density on the O(2) moiety, as is reflected in the bond-lengths and vibrational frequencies. Furthermore, it is found that for the pre-reactive complexes, the role of the Au center is to stabilize the formation of a conjugated π-system between the CO and O(2) molecules.
Observations on Young Blackfish, Globicephala

There is a paucity of information concerning the early life of whales, particularly of odontocetes. The recent paper by McBride and Kritzler (1951) on pregnancy, birth, and early development in captive bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus , at Marine Studios, Florida, gives the only detailed account of this part of the odontocete life. It is, therefore, thought that the following observations may be of some value and interest. They were made on Nantucket Island, Nantucket County, Massachusetts, during the spring of 1954. All comparisons with Tursiops made in this paper are based on the material presented in the reference already cited. The first observations were made in the early afternoon of May 19, from the beach at the south end of Hummock Pond (the southwest ocean side of Nantucket), when a school of blackfish, Globicephala , came into view from the west. They were fairly close to shore and, through 7 × 35 binoculars, were easily identified by the characteristic black color, curved dorsal fin, and pot head. The school was moving very leisurely, individuals taking several seconds to roll from the time the head broke water until the animal disappeared. The school appeared rather drawn out, and continued to pass us for at least a quarter of an hour. After the first animals had reached a point to the southwest of us, approximately south of Surfside, they milled around until the entire school had reassembled, then headed southward out to sea. During the milling period, individuals could be seen moving in all directions until the school closed up. Although as many as twenty whales were visible at one time, a very conservative estimate put the size of the school at around forty to fifty. The length of time they were in sight, probably close to half an hour, made it …
PCR identification and sequencing of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri in a rare case of imported malaria

Objective To use PCR to identify imported Plasmodium ovale wallikeri,which is morphologically similar to P.vivax. Methods Microscopy suggested that a patient had imported P.vivaxmalaria.Blood was collected from the patient and filtered.PCR was used to amplify fragments of the small subunit(SSU)18Sribosomal RNA gene(18S SSUrRNA),which were then sequenced. Results Five 5pairs of primers(rFAL1and rFAL2,rVIV1 and rVIV2,rMAL1 and rMAL2,rOVA1 and rOVA2,and rOVA1 vand rOVA2v)were used to perform PCR amplification.Only the primers rOVA1 vand rOVA2vresulted in amplification,and the PCR product was 760 bp in size.Sequencing revealed that the gene fragment(GenBank accession number KJ786425)had 100% similarity to part of the sequence of an RSH1018 SrRNA clone of P.ovale wallikeri(GenBank accession number KF219561.1)and part of the sequence of an SSU RNA gene of P.ovale(GenBank accession number AJ001527.1). Conclusion P.ovale is morphologically similar to P.vivaxbut its identity can be verified with PCR.PCR identification and sequencing identified the malaria pathogen in the current case as a subtype of P.ovale wallikeri.
Internal Control and Audit in Hospital under Network

The hospital information system is a would-be financial transaction management system storing massive data information, and the generated data information like the manual financial information, is related to the operation security. However, different with financial management, this information sometimes is not brought into the range of internal audit, which makes it lack of necessary and efficient control mechanism and become the blind spot of control. Therefore, it is more and more important to construct complete and normative internal control and audit.