cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volatile Compounds from the Mesocarp of Persimmons

Steam volatile fractions from astringent and nonastringent persimmons (Diospyros kaki L.) and the native American persimmon (D. virginiana L.) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Bomyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenal were major components from all cultivars. Minor constituents included (E)-2-hexenol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl acetate, borneol, benzothiazole, neryl acetate, palmitic acid and two saturated normal hydrocarbons (C23H48 and C25H52). From threshold values and concentrations, (E)-2-hexenal and bornyl acetate probably are major contributors of persimmon aroma.
Automatic application-specific microarchitecture reconfiguration

Applications for constrained embedded systems are subject to strict time constraints and restrictive resource utilization. With soft core processors, application developers can customize the processor for their application, constrained by resources but aimed at high application performance. With such freedom in the design space of the processor, however, comes complexity. We present here an automatic optimization technique that helps the developers with the processor microarchitecture customization. A naive approach exploring all possible configurations is exponential with the number of parameters and hence is clearly infeasible, even with only tens of reconfigurable parameters. Instead, our approach runs in time that is linear with the number of parameter values, based on an assumption of parameter independence. This makes the approach feasible and scalable. For the dimensions that we customize, namely application runtime and hardware resources, we formulate their costs as a constrained binary integer nonlinear optimization program. Though the results are not guaranteed to be optimal, we find they are near-optimal in practice. Our technique itself is general and can be applied to other design-space exploration problems.
Nutritional supplementation and the outcome of pregnancy. I. Birth weight.

Colombian women at risk of malnutrition were enrolled in a health care program and randomly assigned to supplementation and control groups at the beginning of the third trimester ofpregnancy. The net dietary intake increments resulting from supplementation amounted to 155 cal and 20 g of protein per day. Supplementation had a significant effect on the mean birth weight of male infants, but not that of female infants; the mechanisms responsible for the sex differences remain to be elucidated. The randomized trial design of the experiment and the documented similarity between the experimental and control groups at the onset permit the conclusion that the observed differences were caused by the food supplementation program. The effect of supplementation on maternal weight gain and the association of the latter with birth weight strongly suggest that improved maternal nutrition mediated the effect on birth weight. Am. J. Clin. Nuir. 32: 455-462, 1979. The relationship of maternal nutrition to human fetal growth and development has been the subject of several recent reviews (1-3); it remains controversial. In animals maternal malnourishment significantly af- fects offspring size, survival rates, and sub- sequent growth and behavior. However, the dietary restrictions used in these experiments was greater than is commonly seen in humans and, in addition, species differences preclude extrapolation of these fmdings to man.
The Western Arctic Shelf–Basin Interactions (SBI) project, volume II: An overview

The Western Arctic Shelf–Basin Interactions (SBI) project is a 10-year Arctic environmental change program. A major field campaign occurred in the spring, summer and fall seasons between 2002 and 2004. The SBI program was developed to investigate the production, transformation and fate of carbon on shelf and slope regions of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas and shelf–basin interactions with the Arctic Basin. This 2nd special issue documents many of the key findings, ranging from sea ice and hydrographic changes to water column and sediment dynamics and trophic level interactions during the core Phase II field program. The integration of these results with ongoing synthesis and modeling activities within the SBI program are illustrating the critical importance of this continental shelf environment to understand shelf–basin interactions and the ongoing changes being observed and forecasted in the marine Amerasian Arctic.
Coteaching: New Variations on a Not-So-New Practice

Two factors, inclusion and diversity, have resulted in new collaboration between special educators and general educators. As students with disabilities began to receive services in the general education classroom, special educators and general educators began to move into coteaching relationships. The purpose of this article is to give educators an overview of the model as it is presently being reported in the literature. Topics include the development of the coteaching model presently used by special educators and general educators, description of various forms of coteaching used by these teachers, analysis of reported effectiveness in the education of students with disabilities, and recommendations for the future. Reports containing accounts of positive coteaching experiences and guidelines for engaging in this activity are appearing in the literature, but less evidence of its effectiveness regarding student outcomes is available. In this paper, 10 articles describing coteaching activities are reviewed,...
Validity of mouse mammary tumour models for human breast cancer: Comparative pathology

In March 1999, a panel of distinguished pathologists was convened by the U.S. National Institutes of Health Breast Cancer Think Tank to develop a classification of breast lesions based on their examination of 39 models of Genetically Engineered Mice (GEM) associated mouse mammary cancer (Cardiff et al., 2000). The meeting, in Annapolis, Maryland, resulted in a published summary report from the Pathology Panel (Cardiff et al., 2000). The Annapolis consensus report, developed from the Panel's deliberations, pointed out that the mammary lesions of GEM were different from most (spontaneous) mouse mammary tumors and could be divided into three distinct categories: (1) lesions that resemble those found in spontaneous mouse mammary tumorigenesis, (2) lesions that have a unique "signature" tumor phenotype that was specific for the transgene, and (3) lesions that resemble those found in human breast diseases (Cardiff et al., 2000). This review emphasizes the proposed nomenclature and the differences between the models and human breast cancer with the intention of stimulating discussion and the development of new models.
Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Extraction with on-line Fluorescence Detection

Abstract An HPLC detector was modified to operate as a low pressure on-line supercritical fluid extraction detector. Spectra of CO2 and fluorene are presented of pressures ranging from 85 to 150 atm. Both the intensity and emission wavelength of fluorene were effected by CO2 pressure. As pressure increased, the emission intensity also increased and the emission shifted to a shorter wavelength. The intensity of CO2 emission decreased by increasing pressure. The emission wavelength of CO2 was unaffected by pressure. A detection limit for fluorene was found to be 5 μg per extraction. The minimal detectable mass was 25 μg (± 8% RSD) per extraction.
Control categories and duality: on the categorical semantics of the lambda-mu calculus

We give a categorical semantics to the call-by-name and call-by-value versions of Parigot's λμ-calculus with disjunction types. We introduce the class of control categories, which combine a cartesian-closed structure with a premonoidal structure in the sense of Power and Robinson. We prove, via a categorical structure theorem, that the categorical semantics is equivalent to a CPS semantics in the style of Hofmann and Streicher. We show that the call-by-name λμ-calculus forms an internal language for control categories, and that the call-by-value λμ-calculus forms an internal language for the dual co-control categories. As a corollary, we obtain a syntactic duality result: there exist syntactic translations between call-by-name and call-by-value that are mutually inverse and preserve the operational semantics. This answers a question of Streicher and Reus.
Robust adaptive matched filtering using the FRACTA algorithm

An effective method is developed for selecting sample snapshots for the training data used to compute the adaptive weights for an adaptive match filter (AMF); specifically a space/time adaptive processing (STAP) airborne radar configuration is considered. In addition, a new systematic robust adaptive algorithm is presented and evaluated against interference scenarios consisting of jamming, nonhomogeneous airborne clutter (generated by the Research Laboratory STAP (RLSTAP) or knowledge-aided sensor signal processing and expert reasoning (KASSPER) high-fidelity clutter models or using the multi-channel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) clutter data base), internal system noise, and outliers (which could take the form of targets themselves). The new algorithm arises from empirical studies of several combinations of performance metrics and processing configurations. For culling the training data, the generalized inner product (GIP) and adaptive power residue (APR) are examined. In addition two types of data processing methods are considered and evaluated: sliding window processing (SWP) and concurrent block processing (CBP). For SWP, a distinct adaptive weight is calculated for each cell-under-test (CUT) in a contiguous set of range cells. For one configuration of CBP, two distinct weights are calculated for a contiguous set of CUTs. For the CBP, the CUTs are in the initial training data and there are no guard cells associated with the CUT as there would be for SWP. Initial studies indicate that the combination of using the fast maximum likelihood (FML) algorithm, reiterative censoring, the APR metric, CBP, the two-weight method, and the adaptive coherence estimation (ACE) metric (we call this the FRACTA algorithm) provides a basis for effective detection of targets in nonhomogeneous interference. For the KASSPER data, FRACTA detects 154 out of 268 targets with one false alarm (P/sub F//spl ap/3/spl times/10/sup -5/) whereas the FML algorithm with SWP detects 11 with one false alarm. The clarvoyant processor (where each range cell's covariance matrix is known) detects 192 targets with one false alarm.
Computation of transient magneto-mechanical problems in electrical machines

This paper investigates numerical results relating to several aspects on noise and vibrations of electrical machinery. This is based upon the coupling between the magnetic field and the mechanical deformation in the stator. The coupling is typically considered by using reluctance forces. Since the deformations occurring are small compared to the machine's dimensions, there is no feedback to the magnetic system in numerical models. However, stator deformations are caused not only by reluctance forces, but also by magnetostriction effect of the stator iron. Magnetostriction is one of the main causes of noise in electromagnetic systems particularly when the flux density is above 1.5 T. In this paper, we show computational results of a transient numerical model developed earlier. This model incorporates the magnetostriction effect in addition to other electromechanical forces and related material interactions. Implementation results presented here for a 2-hp, surface mounted, permanent magnet motor. The results indicate that magnetostrictive forces are significant and must be accounted for in the electromagnetic system's design stage.
DNA Methylation Has a Local Effect on Transcription and Histone Acetylation

DNA methylation is commonly associated with gene silencing, and a link between histone deacetylation and DNA methylation has been established. However, the transcriptional impact of the position and length of methylated zones relative to the promoter and the coding region of a gene remains quite unclear. This study investigates the impact of regional methylation on transcription and the relationship between DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Using patch-methylated stable episomes in human cells, we establish the pivotal importance of the location of DNA methylation in the regulation of transcription. We further demonstrate that the size of the methylated patch is not a key determinant for transcriptional suppression. The impact of DNA methylation on transcription is greater when it is in the transcription unit, and it is primarily a local effect. However, methylation outside of the transcription unit may potentiate the effect of methylation within the transcription unit. Acetylated histones are associated with unmethylated DNA and are nearly absent from methylated DNA regions. This association appears to be local and does not propagate along the DNA.
Estimation of glucose utilization in a type 2 diabetes mellitus patient on insulin analogs with tumor hypoglycemia induced by IGF-II

We present a 38-year-old male patient with insulin requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who had fasting hypoglycemia caused by a non-pancreatic-islet-cell mesenchymal tumor producing IGF-II. The evaluation was confounded in that there was pre-existing DM being treated with insulin analogs. Insulin levels were assessed with an immunoassay with cross reactivity with the insulin analogs. An 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) scan localized the 19.7×18.0×17.8cm retroperitoneal mass. A 3.25kg tumor was resected. Post-operatively insulin treatment was resumed and circulating IGF-II levels returned to normal. The maximum standardized uptake values of FDG (SUVmax) along with a steady state glucose infusion of 17.5g/h were used to determine the components of glucose utilization due to IGF-II induced muscle glucose uptake (utilization, 62%) whereas the tumor itself was responsible for approximately 22% of measurable glucose uptake. Whereas tumor induced hypoglycemia has been ascribed to preferential glucose utilization by the tumor, the predominant hypoglycemic effect was due to hormonal IGF-II induced total body glucose uptake.
Wernicke—Korsakoff Syndrome

Several specific disorders of the nervous system develop in patients with chronic alcoholism. However, alcoholics are often subject to malnutrition, head trauma, seizures, and a variety of systemic disorders, and it is often difficult to determine the relative contribution of direct and indirect effects of alcohol in the pathogenesis of the alcohol-related neurologic disorders. About a century has passed since Wernicke and Korsakoff separately described components of the syndrome that now bears their names. During that time, we have learned a great deal about the relationship between alcoholism and the Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome, and effective treatment for the acute phase of the disorder has been developed. Despite these accomplishments, the specific biochemical derangement that produces structural pathology and clinical symptoms characteristic of the Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome has not been identified.
Strategic Planning and the Family Firm: An SBI Consulting Perspective

Given the fact that approximately 90 percent of all businesses could be classified as family-owned or closely-held, it is becoming increasingly important that SBI student consulting teams are sensitive to the issues surrounding family and privately y-held firms. Several issues regarding complexities of the family and business systems of family y-owned firms are presented and discussed. It is posited that strategic management plays a role in the balancing and merging of the two sometimes discordant systems and can be used by the SBI teams in the consulting process. Finally, the need for research in the areas of 1) interest in ownership succession by family members; and 2) leadership succession in the family-owned firm is presented and discussed.
Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers - Appendix

This paper, "Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers" to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2191104
Staying in Class: Race, Representation and Student Punishment

Our project investigates the impact of minority bureaucratic and political representation on the distribution of disciplinary measures in public schools, in contrast with its impact on gifted and talented class placement. It is motivated by the contrast in accumulating research on the consequences of minority bureaucratic representation between findings that minority teacher representation yields beneficial outcomes for minority students while minority representation on city police forces does not yield beneficial outcomes for minority residents. Similarly, we note that public school teaching involves two kinds of roles: one involving distribution of benefits (such as placement in gifted and talented programs) while the other, involving the distribution of discipline, approximates the policing role. We theorize that (a) modeling the impact of greater minority representation on teaching staffs will yield similarly contrasting results for these two roles, (b) that there will also be differences based on type of discipline at issue, and that (c) the role of minority representation on the school board must also be taken into account. We use 2009-2010 data from the U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights to measure rates, by race, at which a national random sample of schools have directed disciplinary actions to students or assigned students to gifted and talented programs. We merge this data with the Department of Education’s 2007-2008 Schools and Staffing Survey for school-level information on the racial and ethnic composition of the teaching staff, with geo-coded data from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey for a variety of relevant school-level controls and data on minority school board representation for each school from the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies and the National Association of Latino Elected Officials.
Constitutive Modeling of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The main functions of the human musculoskeletal system are to sustain loads and provide mobility. Bones and joints themselves cannot produce movement; skeletal muscles provide the ability to move. Knowledge of muscle forces during given activities can provide insight into muscle mechanics, muscle physiology, musculoskeletal mechanics, neurophysiology, and motor control. However, clinical examinations or instrumented strength testing only provides information regarding muscle groups. Musculoskeletal models are typically needed to calculate individual muscle forces.© 2007 ASME
Results of sentinel monitoring of HIV infection among drug users in Qujing city from 2009 to 2013

Objective To undersand the prevalent trend of AIDS and STD and the changes of behavior among drug userin Qujing city. Methods The behaviors of drug users in drug rehabilitation center in Qujing city were surveyed withquestionaire and antibodies against HIV,hepatitis C virus and syphilis during 2009 to 2013 were tested. Results A total of 2148 drug users were surveyed. The AIDS awareness rate(72.2%-96.1%)increased year by year(χ2=86.747,P﹥0.01). TheHIV positive rate(12.3%-6.7%) reduced year by year(χ2=9.574,P=0.048).The HCV positive rate(14.5-38.3%)increasedyear by year(χ2=81.806,P﹥0.01).The syphilis positive rate(0.6-2.5%),the condom using rate(19.5%-78.8%),the sharedneedle rate(5.1%-40%) and shared needle rate in the last sex(1.2%-10.9%) were statistically significant in different years(χ2=81.806,χ2=177.346,χ2=313.327,χ2=166.180,P﹥0.01).The rates of condom/counseling and testing acceptance,communitydrug maintenance treatment/clean needle intervention and peer education 41.9%-100.0%,35.8%-83.0%,22.4%-92.4%,respectively were.Conclusion The HIV positive rate reduced year by year among drug user,but the HCV positive rateincreased year by year,and syphilis infection rate has been very high. Meanwhile,the condom using rate,the shared needle rate of and intervention service acceptance rate fluctuated greatly.
Who Supports the Sunflower Movement? An Examination of Nationalist Sentiments:

The Sunflower Movement—an occupation of the Legislative Yuan (the Congress) for 24 days—was an unprecedented moment in the history of Taiwan. We examine the social foundation of the Movement and ex...
Bounded Rationality's Account for the Influence of Group Identification on Ingroup Favoritism: A Field Investigation Using Jewish and Arab Populations in Israel

ABSTRACTWe used the bounded rationality approach to explore the impact of group identification on intergroup relations. 1,289 Jewish and Arab citizens completed assessments of group identification, functional relations, and indices of ingroup favoritism. Results provided evidence of (a) a positive relation between group identification and ingroup favoritism; (b) perceptions of more positive functional relations that were associated with less ingroup favoritism; and (c) that high-identifiers who evaluated relations as positive experienced the lowest levels of ingroup favoritism. We discuss how the results clarify the complex relation between group identification and ingroup favoritism.
6: Utility of VerifyNow for Point-of-Care Identification of Aspirin and Clopidogrel Effects and Prediction of Bleeding Risk Prior to Emergency Cardiac Surgery

Objectives: Patients with cardiovascular disease frequently take aspirin or clopidogrel, which may place them at risk for bleeding during surgical procedures. The coagulation-based hemotherapy (CBH) service is a clinical pathology consultation service that provides intraoperative management of coagulopathy and transfusion support based on predefined algorithms for patients undergoing major cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients frequently present to our service in emergency situations without complete medication histories. The gold standard …
Nipple-areola reconstruction following mastectomy: an alternative to the use of labial and contralateral nipple-areolar tissues.

An alternative technique for the construction of a nipple-areola complex is described, based on the author’s experience with 14 patients. The technique avoids the use of labial tissues, often objectionable to the patient, and obviates the need for disturbance of the contralateral nipple-areola structure.
The structure of ideas in The Port Royal Logic

Abstract This paper addresses the degree to which The Port Royal Logic anticipates Boolean Algebra. According to Marc Dominicy the best reconstruction is a Boolean Algebra of Carnapian properties, functions from possible worlds to extensions. Sylvain Auroux's reconstruction approximates a non-complemented bounded lattice. This paper argues that it is anachronistic to read lattice algebra into the Port Royal Logic. It is true that the Logic treats extensions like sets, orders ideas under a containment relation, and posits mental operations of abstraction and restriction. It also orders species in a version of the tree of Porphyry, and allows that genera may be divided into species by privative negation. There is, however, no maximal or minimal idea. Abstraction is not binary. Neither abstraction nor restriction is closed. Ideas under containment, therefore, do not form a lattice. Nor are the relevant formal properties of lattices discussed. Term negation is privative, not a complementation operation. The technical ideas relevant to the discussion are defined. The Logic's purpose in describing structure was not to develop algebra in the modern sense but rather to provide a new basis for the semantics of mental language consistent with Cartesian metaphysics. The account was not algebraic, but metaphysical and psychological, based on the concept of comprehension, a Cartesian version of medieval objective being.
Cost-Effectiveness of Endovascular Femoropopliteal Intervention Using Drug-Coated Balloons Versus Standard Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty: Results From the IN.PACT SFA II Trial

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty versus standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Background Recent trials have reported lower rates of target lesion revascularization with DCB angioplasty versus standard PTA. However, the cost-effectiveness of DCB angioplasty is unknown. Methods A prospective economic study was performed alongside the IN.PACT SFA II (IN.PACT Admiral Drug-Coated Balloon vs. Standard Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of Superficial Femoral Artery [SFA] and Proximal Popliteal Artery [PPA]) trial, which randomized 181 patients with femoropopliteal disease to the IN.PACT DCB versus standard PTA. Resource use data were collected over 2-year follow-up, and costs were assigned using resource-based accounting and billing data. Health utilities were assessed using the EuroQol 5-dimensions questionnaire. Cost-effectiveness was assessed as cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained using a decision-analytic model on the basis of empirical data from the trial assuming identical long-term mortality. Results Initial costs were $1,129 per patient higher with DCB angioplasty than standard PTA, driven by higher costs for the DCB itself. Between discharge and 24 months, target limb–related costs were $1,212 per patient lower with DCB angioplasty such that discounted 2-year costs were similar for the 2 groups ($11,277 vs. $11,359, p = 0.97), whereas QALYs tended to be greater among patients treated with DCBs (1.53 ± 0.44 vs. 1.47 ± 0.42, p = 0.40). The probability that DCB angioplasty is cost-effective compared with standard PTA was 70% using a threshold of $50,000 per QALY gained and 79% at a threshold of $150,000 per QALY gained. Conclusions For patients with femoropopliteal disease, DCB angioplasty is associated with better 2-year outcomes and similar target limb–related costs compared with standard PTA. Formal cost-effectiveness analysis on the basis of these results suggests that use of the DCB angioplasty is likely to be economically attractive.
If Shylock Had a Lawyer

In Shakespeare’s “Merchant of Venice,” the “pound of flesh” agreement was notarized. Presumably, pursuant to European custom, the notary would have drafted the agreement. Had the events of the play taken place today, any notary who drafted such an agreement would be in violation of Italian law.Had Shylock consulted a modern American lawyer, drafting the agreement, or even agreeing to the representation in the first place, would have been a violation of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct.
An Unusual Cause of Pulmonary Nodules After Stem Cell Transplantation.

A man in his 20s with a history of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma was admitted with fever. His original lymphoma diagnosis was made 3 years prior, when he had presented with lymphadenopathy and a mediastinal mass. He had relapsed disease despite chemotherapy and radiation. As a result, he underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (SCT) 6 months prior to current presentation and subsequently allogeneic SCT 2 months prior for added graft vs tumor effect.
Delta-ray Production in MCNP 6.2.0

Abstract Secondary electrons in the form of delta-rays, also referred to as knock-on electrons, have been a feature of MCNP for electron and positron transport for over 20 years. While MCNP6 now includes transport for a suite of heavy-ions and charged particles from its integration with MCNPX, the production of delta-rays was still limited to electron and positron transport. In the newest release of MCNP6, version 6.2.0, delta-ray production has now been extended for all energetic charged particles. The basis of this production is the analytical formulation from Rossi and ICRU Report 37. This paper discusses the MCNP6 heavy charged-particle implementation and provides production results for several benchmark/test problems.
Restricted amide rotation with steric hindrance induced multiple conformations

Abstract The C N bond character is dependent directly upon the resonance-contributor structure population driven by the delocalized nitrogen lone-pair of electrons. In the case of N , N -dibenzyl- ortho -toluamide ( o -DBET), the molecule adopts subpopulations of conformers with distinct NMR spectral features, particularly at low temperatures. This conformational adaptation is unique to o -DBET, while the corresponding meta - and para - forms do not show such behavior. Variable-temperature (VT) NMR, two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy (EXSY), and qualitative molecular modeling studies are used to demonstrate how multiple competing interactions such as restricted amide rotation and steric hindrance effects can lead to versatile molecular adaptations in the solution state.
Emergent electromechanical coupling of electrets and some exact relations — The effective properties of soft materials with embedded external charges and dipoles

Abstract Soft robotics, energy harvesting, large-deformation sensing and actuation, are just some of the applications that can be enabled by soft dielectrics that demonstrate substantive electromechanical coupling. Most soft dielectrics including elastomers, however, are not piezoelectric and rely on the universally present electrostriction and the Maxwell stress effect to enable the aforementioned applications. Electrostriction is a one-way electromechanical coupling and the induced elastic strain scales as (∝E2) upon the application of an electric field, E. The quadratic dependence of electrostriction on the electric field and the one-way coupling imply that, (i) A rather high voltage is required to induce appreciable strain, (ii) reversal of an applied bias will not reverse the sign of the deformation, and (iii) since it is a one-way coupling i.e. electrical stimuli may cause mechanical deformation but electricity cannot be generated by mechanical deformation, prospects for energy harvesting are rather difficult. An interesting approach for realizing an apparent piezoelectric-like behavior is to dope soft dielectrics with immobile charges and dipoles. Such materials, called electrets, are rather unique composites where a secondary material (in principle) is not necessary. Both experiments and supporting theoretical work have shown that soft electrets can exhibit a very large electromechanical coupling including a piezoelectric-like response. In this work, we present a homogenization theory for electret materials and provide, in addition to several general results, variational bounds and closed-form expressions for specific microstructures such as laminates and ellipsoidal inclusions. While we consider the nonlinear coupled problem, to make analytical progress, we work within the small-deformation setting. The specific conditions necessary to obtain a piezoelectric-like response and enhanced electrostriction are highlighted. There are very few universal, microstructure-independent exact results in the theory of composites. We succeed in establishing several such relations in the context of electrets.
Traceless Tandem Lesion Formation in DNA from a Nitrogen-Centered Purine Radical.

Nitrogen-centered nucleoside radicals are commonly produced reactive intermediates in DNA exposed to γ-radiolysis and oxidants, but their reactivity is not well understood. Examination of the reactivity of independently generated 2′-deoxyadenosin-N6-yl radical (dA•) reveals that it is an initiator of tandem lesions, an important form of DNA damage that is a hallmark of γ-radiolysis. dA• yields O2-dependent tandem lesions by abstracting a hydrogen atom from the C5-methyl group of a 5′-adjacent thymidine to form 5-(2′-deoxyuridinyl)methyl radical (T•). The subsequently formed thymidine peroxyl radical adds to the 5′-adjacent dG, ultimately producing a 5′-OxodGuo-fdU tandem lesion. Importantly, the initial hydrogen abstraction repairs dA• to form dA. Thus, the involvement of dA• in tandem lesion formation is traceless by product analysis. The tandem lesion structure, as well as the proposed mechanism, are supported by LC-MS/MS, isotopic labeling, chemical reactivity experiments, and independent generation of...
125-P : NEXT GENERATION HLA SEQUENCING ON THE Illumina MiSeq

Aim Develop a streamlined next generation sequencing assay that enables allele level HLA typing of 16 samples at HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1 and DQA1 loci in a single Illumina MiSeq run. Methods 16 samples are amplified at 6 loci (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1 and DQA1) by long range PCR using custom designed primers that delineate full length HLA genes (5’UTR to 3’UTR) with the exception of DRB1 for which the amplicon spans intron 1 to intron 4. Individual libraries of each amplicon are prepared by enzymatic fragmentation, end repair, adenylation and ligation of indexed adaptors. The 96 indexed libraries are pooled prior to paired-end 2 x 250 bp sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq. 10,000 paired sequence reads per library are analyzed with NGSengine (GenDx) and HLA Target (Omixon). The full workflow from amplification to HLA genotype is completed in 4 days. Sample prep is performed in a 96 well plate, enabling simple manual or automated sample preparation. Results We have successfully sequenced up to 96 libraries (16 samples x 6 loci) in a single MiSeq run. Sequence output ranged from 2.4-7.3 Gb of sequence (4.7-14 million sequence reads) per run. The quality of sequence obtained was 83.4% of bases ⩾Q30. Average depth of coverage was 461 from the alignment of 10,000 reads per locus. The accuracy of genotype results was 96.7%. Results were comparable between manual and automated library preps. Conclusions We have developed an optimized assay for the Illumina MiSeq that is a simple, robust, and scalable. The method delivers allele level HLA typing without ambiguity. Full genomic sequence is obtained for all loci with the exception of DRB1. The method can be performed manually yet is amenable to automation. Here we describe the means to HLA type 16 samples at 6 loci on the Illumina MiSeq. Given that
Pulmonary absorption of recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (r-huG-CSF) after intratracheal instillation to the hamster.

Recombinant methionyl human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a molecule of 18.8 kDa, has been shown to induce a systemic response after delivery by aerosol. In this work, rate and extent of absorption as well as the response were determined after bolus administration of solutions by intratracheal instillation (IT). The protein was quantified using a specific ELISA and the biological response was assessed by monitoring the increase in numbers of circulating white blood cells (WBC). A dose–response curve was obtained after IT, subcutaneous injection (SC), and intracardiac injection (IC) of 100 µL of a nominal dose ranging from 1 to 1000 µg/kg G-CSF (n = 5). WBC numbers were determined 24 hr postadministration. Absorption and clearance kinetics were determined after IT and IC of 500 µg/kg protein over a 24-hr time period (n = 5). The response of the lung to G-CSF was monitored by WBC counts and differentials in lung lavage fluid. 73.6 ± 10.5% (n = 7) of the IT dose reached the lung lobes. The response to single doses of G-CSF by IT or SC was similar, with WBC numbers increasing over 4× baseline at the higher doses. Absorption from the lung was rapid and did not follow first-order kinetics. Clearance after the IC dose was described by a biexponential equation (α = 1.41, β = 0.24 hr−1). Peak serum levels were obtained ≈1–2 hr after IT. The bioavailability was 45.9% of the administered dose and 62.0% of the dose reaching the lung lobes. These results indicate that G-CSF is rapidly absorbed from the lung. Pulmonary delivery via the airways has promise as an alternative to parenteral injection.
A Synoptic View of the Development of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System

The rationale for a position paper on neural development at a conference devoted to “Repair and Regeneration of the Nervous System” is presumably to be found in the widely held, but as yet largely unsubstantiated, view that neural regeneration must recapitulate some, if not all, of the events in neurogenesis. But, in fact, if one excludes regeneration of portions of the neural plate or neural tube, which may lead to essentially complete restoration of the damaged tissue (6), what is usually implied by the terms “regeneration” and “repair” in the central nervous system relates to only two of the many events in neural development, namely, the formation and remodeling of neural connections (and to a lesser extent, to the proliferation, growth, and redeployment of glial cells). However, despite its possibly limited relevance, there is some merit in presenting a synoptic view of the entire sequence of vertebrate neurogenesis, if only to highlight the rather painful fact that the ultimate goal of promoting regeneration and reconstitution of damaged neural tissue remains a very distant prospect.
E-procurement und E-marketplaces—Neue trends im B2B E-commerce

Der business-to-business (B2B)-Sektor wird von den Analysten als das Wachstumssegment im E-Commerce angesehen, in dem in den kommenden Jahren bis zu 25% des gesamten B2B-Handelsvolumens uber elektronische Kanale abgewickelt werden. Die zwei Haupttechnologien, die eine automatisierte Geschaftsbeziehung zwischen Unternehmen ermoglichen, sind E-Procurement und E-Marketplaces. E-Procurement-Losungen sind unternehmensinterne Multilieferanten-Katalogsysteme, welche den Einkaufsprozess vom Bedarf bis zur Bezahlung (from Req to Check) zwischen den Unternehmen abdecken. E-Marketplaces sind elektronische Plattformen in Internet, uber die viele Anbieter mit vielen Nachfragern ihre Transaktionen abwickeln konnen. Dabei sind unterschiedliche Marktmechanismen anwendbar. In diesem Artikel werden sowohl wirtschaftliche als auch technische Aspekte erortert.
Configuration mixing in 12,14O and the 14O(p, t) reaction

Abstract In two-neutron pickup from 14 O, the calculated cross-section ratio for the first two 0 + states of 12 O depends on the configuration mixing in these two states, and on the amount of core excitation in the ground state (g.s.) of 14 O. Using mirror symmetry and 12 Be wave functions that are reasonably well known, I have calculated this ratio as a function of the core excitation in 14 O(g.s.). Results suggest that the excited-state cross section from a recent measurement is too large.
Objective assessment of the effects of tumor motion in radiation therapy.

NIH [K12-CA086913, 5-P41-EB002035, R01-EB000803]; University of Colorado Cancer Center/ACS IRG [57-001-53]; Boettcher Foundation; Varian Medical Systems
Test-Retest Reliability of Functional Networks for Evaluation of Data-Driven Parcellation

Brain parcellations play a key role in functional connectomics. A set of standard neuro-anatomical brain atlases are in common use in most studies. In addition, data-driven parcellations computed from fMRI data using a variety of clustering algorithms have also been used. Recent studies set out to determine the best parcellation in terms of quality and reliability have remained inconclusive without a clear winner. In this work, we investigated the utility of test-retest reliability of functional connectivity as an evaluation metric for comparing parcellations. Specifically, using data from the human connectome project, we compared a data-driven parcellation and a geometric parcellation using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). We also investigated the impact of parcellation granularity on the test-retest reliability. We observed that the ICCs for geometric parcellation are better than those of a data-driven parcellation, suggesting that the FCs computed using regular parcels in the geometric atlases are more reliable than those computed using a data-driven parcellation.
Long-term clinical outcomes with use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor early after heart transplantation

Background The safety and efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) after heart transplantation (HT) is unknown. This study examined long-term clinical outcomes after ACEI in HT recipients. Methods The ACEI after HT study was a prospective, randomized trial that tested the efficacy of ACEI with ramipril after HT. In this study, long-term clinical outcomes were assessed in 91 patients randomized to either ramipril or placebo (median, 5.8 years). The primary endpoint was a composite of death, retransplantation, hospitalization for rejection or heart failure, and coronary revascularization. Results The primary endpoint occurred in 10 of 45 patients (22.2%) in the ramipril group and in 14 of 46 patients (30.4%) in the placebo group (Hazard ratio (HR), 0.68; 95% CI, 0.29-1.51; P = .34). When the analysis was restricted to comparing patients who remained on a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor beyond 1 year with those who did not, there was a trend to improved outcomes (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.22-1.28, P = .16). There was no significant difference in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and potassium at 3 years after randomization. The cumulative incidence of the primary endpoint was significantly higher in patients in whom the index of microcirculatory resistance increased from baseline to 1 year compared with those in whom it did not (39.1 vs 17.4%, HR: 3.36; 95% CI, 1.07-12.7; P = .037). Conclusion The use of ramipril after HT safely lowers blood pressure and is associated with favorable long-term clinical outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01078363 .
Transfer learning for multimodal dialog

Abstract Audio-Visual Scene-Aware Dialog (AVSD) is best understood as an extension of Visual Question Answering, the task of generating a textual answer in response to a textual question on multi-media content. In AVSD, the answer-relevant “context” is expanded to include past dialog turns, which we view as a specialized form of extra textual knowledge (in addition to the standard video features). We have developed a framework that uses hierarchical attention to fuse contributions from different modalities, and had shown how it can be used to generate textual summaries from multi-modal sources, specifically videos with accompanying commentary. In this paper, we transfer the algorithmic approach, models, and data from this background corpus of 2000 h of how-to videos to the AVSD task, and report our findings. Our approach uses dialog context, but makes no assumption about the ordering of the history. Our system achieves the best performance in both automatic and human evaluations in the 7th Dialog State Tracking Challenge (AVSD).
Intramyocardial pO2 measured by EPR.

Oxygen is essential for normal cardiac function and plays an important role in cardiac regulation (Neely 1974, Vergroesen 1987). How pO2 is controlled or even at what level this control occurs (Spaan, 1993), is still not clear. Myocardial pO2 reflects the dynamic equilibrium between oxygen consumption (MV02) and oxygen delivery in the myocardium and direct measurement of myocardial pO2 would help to understand this relationship.
Theorizing LEGO Bricolage: Medium, Message, Method

This introductory chapter develops theoretical and methodological reflections for deconstructing LEGO as a medium of bricolage, the creative reassembly of already-significant elements. After situating this theory of bricolage within several trends in media theory, this chapter unpacks how the medium of LEGO operates according to the material bricolage of assembling physical elements and how the message of LEGO operate according to a symbolic bricolage of scripted, ideological play. Then, this chapter explores a methodology for deconstructing LEGO texts by breaking down the three main components of LEGO textuality: elements, sets, and paratexts.
History of the Corporatization of American Medicine: The Market Paradigm Reigns

Economic systems have been analyzed and debated by economists and governmental leaders for centuries. Historically, economic systems have been assessed by the products and techniques of production and how they are distributed, today with capitalism predominant and with mounting inequality within every society. Under global capitalism, ownership of land and productive capital is chiefly in private hands, with the role of the state fiercely debated with continual attempts seeking to restrain its oversight. Social justice in more liberal advanced societies has been championed over time, but the rise of finance capital and its presence in corporate-dominated economies has emerged with a massive concentration of ownership in almost every sector of the American economy. With its tendency toward managerial and administrative quantifications to fix existing flaws in the system, neoclassical economics has prevailed; few alternative or opposing perspectives rarely get debated. Thus, the overall structure is taken as a given and immutable. Global efforts toward privatization and monopolization mark the current stage of development.
Methods of Serological H-2 Typing

H-2 antibodies can be induced by various procedures, the most common of which are tumor transplantation, skin grafting, and inoculation of lymphoid tissue.
Studies on the Viral Etiology of Marek’s Disease of Fowl

The diseases of the avian leukosis complex include a variety of disorders of practical, scientific and academic interest to those connected with poultry disease research.
Student quizzing with computer-projected images

This article describes an innovative student quiz technique with projected laptop images. Students respond to the images in writing, and their answers are peer graded with a second "answer quiz." The article provides step-by-step guides to quiz composition and execution, with a discussion of the method's advantages of immediacy, efficiency, and spontaneity.
Childhood independence: Views of Cuban and Haitian immigrant mothers

Failure of nurses and other health care providers to recognize the influence of culture on child development may lead to inappropriate expectations and mislabeling of children as developmentally slow. The effect of cultural influences on parental expectations of children was evident in a study of child-rearing beliefs of 30 Cuban and 30 Haitian immigrant mothers in South Florida. Both Cuban and Haitian children would be considered lagging developmentally when compared with measurements on the personal-social dimension of the Denver II and expectations of American society. Culture-specific implications for transcultural nursing care based on the concept of culture brokerage are discussed.
Physicians' use of heparin following thrombolytic therapy: An international perspective

Background: The current prevalence, timing, and route of heparin use after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction both within and outside the United States (U.S.) have not been extensively studied. Method: An 18-item questionnaire was mailed to cardiologists and emergency medicine practitioners in the U.S. and to physicians in 5 countries considering participation in an international trial of thrombolytic therapy. Results: Almost all used some form of heparin after recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator; 8% withheld heparin after streptokinase. Non-U.S. physicians used subcutaneous heparin more frequently than did U.S. physicians (26% vs. 4%). Time to heparin initiation varied greatly. Most physicians used the activated partial thromboplastin time to monitor anticoagulation, although there was little consensus about the appropriate way to determine the efficacy of heparin therapy. Conclusions: This survey shows considerable disagreement about the preferred administration of heparin among physicians treating patients with myocardial infarction. This lack of agreement reflects uncertainty about how heparin therapy should be used. When the results of well-designed clinical trials examining the optimal dosing, timing, and monitoring of heparin therapy have been published, perhaps the clinical community can reach a consensus.
A Trip through Unusual Physical Education Facilities

(1978). A Trip through Unusual Physical Education Facilities. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, Including Leisure Today, pp. 22-23.