cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction in detection of contraband drug vapors

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has emerged as a rapid alternative to conventional sample extraction techniques. SPME can be used in solids, liquids, and sample headspace. Compounds are sorbed by a stationary phase coated on a fused silica fiber. The compounds are desorbed, and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a part of the present work we have found that SPME can also be used conveniently with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Cocaine and heroin vapors sorbed on a SPME fiber were detected using IMS. The use of SPME-GC or SPME-HPLC has been reported in analysis of urine samples containing cocaine and its metabolites. We are evaluating SPME-IMS, and SPME-GC systems for the detection of cocaine and heroin and their decomposition products in the headspace above surfaces. This is part of our research on the surface decomposition of contraband drugs for detection applications. This paper will give a variety of examples in the use of SPME in the detection of contraband drugs and their reaction/decomposition products in the vapor state. An example is the detection of cocaine in the headspace above cocaine HCl at room temperature.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Equation of state mixing rule based on activity coefficient model: explicit solution for `finite pressure approach'

Abstract An explicit solution has been obtained for the mixing rule of parameter a of the cubic equation of state (EOS) using `finite pressure approach' to connect EOS with an activity coefficient model (ACM). The result is expressed in terms of Huron–Vidal solution and a correction, which is dependent on the repulsive term of EOS. Applications to multicomponent mixtures containing volatile components have been considered.
Orientational ordering and melting of molecular H2 in an a-Si matrix: NMR studies.

L'hydrogene moleculaire dans Si amorphe a ete observe directement par RMN. Le contenu de H 2 moleculaire est 0,25%at. La mise en ordre orientationnelle et la solidification ont nui a des temperatures considerablement plus hautes que dans le cas de H 2 normal
Semisimplicity of Exterior Powers of Semisimple Representations of Groups

Abstract This paper answers a question posed by Jean-Pierre Serre; namely, a proof is given that if V is a semisimple finite dimensional representation of a group G over a field K of characteristic p > 0, and m(dimK V − m)
A comparison of Rauwolfia serpentina compounds, crude root, alseroxylon derivative, and single alkaloid, in the treatment of hypertension.

Abstract Rauwolfia serpentina is a valuable addition to the medical armamentarium in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension because of its ease of administration and insignificant side effects. Attempts have been made to aid the medical practitioner in selecting patients suitable for chronic oral therapy using the various available Rauwolfia compounds. 1–3 The choice of proper treatment is becoming more difficult because of the numerous derivatives of Rauwolfia available. Among these are the crude root, Raudixin ∗ ∗Raudixin supplied by E. R. Squibb & Sons, New York, N.Y.; the alseroxylon compound, Rauwiloid † †Rauwiloid supplied by Riker Laboratories, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.; and the various single alkaloids, including reserpine ‡ . It is the purpose of this paper to present preliminary observations on the continued oral administration of these Rauwolfia serpentina preparations in arterial hypertension and to compare their hypotensive effects.
Person-Focused Joking: Pattern and Function

Although humor, wit and joking have received the attention of such eminent scholars as Freud, Bergson and Radcliffe-Brown, they remain among some of those obvious, yet pervasive, phenomena that are relatively unattended to by social scientists. And the attention they have received has usually been on the form and content of humor itself, what humor does to individuals, the extent and impact of humor in mass communications media, and on the highly ritualized patterns of "joking relationships." Because this paper cannot hope to cover the broad topic of humor, it will emphasize joking; specifically, joking that focuses on a person in a stable human organization such as the business firm. In particular I shall inquire into the consequences of joking for work groups and other small social systems. By joking I mean anything that is done by one or more persons to arouse laughter in others. This general definition of joking permits us to ask: Joking by whom, towards whom, about what or whom? What is the latent in...
A family of elliptic curves and cyclic cubic field extensions

Let K be a field with char K ≡ 2,3. We consider the problem of finding rational points over K on the family of elliptic curves Fλ, given in homogeneous coordinates (over ) by
UV Absorption and Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements of DPA-Tb for Bacterial Spore Detection

Using a pulsed 266nm laser and a CW lamp (200nm-2062nm), the fluorescence lifetimes and absorbance spectra of terbium doped dipicolinate in different solvents have been measured as a function of their concentrations.
Phenology and control of the onion maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Michigan onion production

Abstract The phenology and control of the onion maggot, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), were investigated in commercial onion fields in Michigan from 1978 to 1980. First-generation emergence of adults occurred at 399 Dδ (degree-days) (4.4°C base). Second- and third-generation emergence occurred at 1142 and 1840 D°. Adult flight activity was correlated with time of damage to onion plants by 1st and 2nd generation larvae. Third-generation larvae were only observed on unharvested mature onions. Phenologies of the various life-stages are compared to development rates determined in the laboratory. Application of foliar insecticide sprays for adult control did not provide additional protection from root maggot damage where granular insecticides had been applied at planting. Recommendations for onion maggot control are discussed.
Torque Relaxation and Torsional Energy in Crêpe Yarn

Earlier work has shown that there is a relation between the character of the pebble in rayon crepe and the untwisting torque exerted by the yarn when wetted. In the present paper the torsional internal energy in twisted viscose yarn is investigated in detail. The torque released when thrown and set yarn is wetted is found to be independent of the commercial variation in filament number and twist. In twisting a parallel filament yam the resisting torque due solely to internal stresses is directly proportional to the turns twist, and the corresponding torsional internal energy increases as the square of the twist. The relaxation of torque follows a simple law, the same for both the dry and wet conditions except for the conslants of the equations. The torque falls Off directly as the logarithm of the time. An explanation for the formation of kinks is given.
A framework for classifier adaptation and its applications in concept detection

There is often a need to adapt supervised classifiers such as semantic concept detectors across different domains of data. This paper describes a generic framework for function-level classifier adaptation based on regularized loss minimization. It directly modifies the decision function of an existing classifier of any type into a classifier for a new domain, based on limited labeled data in the new domain and no "old data", which makes it an efficient and flexible framework. We then extend this framework to adapt multiple classifiers into one classifier, with the weights of existing classifiers learned automatically to reflect their utility. We elaborate on two concrete adaptation algorithms derived from the framework, namely adaptive SVM and multi-adaptive SVM, for one-to-one and many-to-one adaptation respectively. In the experiments of adapting semantic concept detectors across video channels/types, our adaptation approach is proven to be superior to using original (unadapted) classifiers or building new ones in terms of accuracy and labeling effort.
Infants of Depressed Mothers Exhibit Atypical Frontal Brain Activity A Replication and Extension of Previous Findings

The left frontal brain region is specialized for expression of positive emotions (e.g. joy) whereas the right frontal region is specialized for negative emotions (e.g. sadness). Depressed adults have been found to exhibit reduced left frontal electroencephalographic activity. In this study, baseline frontal and parietal EEG activity was measured in 13-15-month-old infants of depressed and nondepressed mothers who were of middle income with no other major psychiatric problems. Compared to infants of nondepressed mothers, infants of depressed mothers exhibited reduced left frontal EEG activity. Infants of mothers with major depression exhibited lower levels of left frontal EEG activity than those of mothers with subthreshold depression.
Exact analysis of an edge dislocation near a surface layer

Abstract Some explanations of how very thin coatings affect mechanical properties of crystals are based on the interaction of the surface layer with dislocations. Although analysis of this interaction has been accomplished for a screw dislocation, the equally interesting case of an edge dislocation has not been solved up to this time. The present paper provides an exact analysis of an edge dislocation near a surface layer with no restrictions other than isotropy. The results show that the edge dislocation has stable equilibrium positions whenever it is repelled by the layer nearby. Especially for layers with higher shear moduli, the equilibrium positions are much closer to the layer than for screws dislocations.
Conservation tillage for maize production in the U.S. southeastern coastal plain

Campbell, R.B., Karlen, D.L. and Sojka, R.E., 1984. Conservation tillage for maize production in the U.S. southeastern coastal plain. Soil Tillage Res., 4 : 511--529. Eight conservation tillage methods were evaluated for maize (Zea mays L.) production and were related to water conserved, soil strength, plant stand, plant nutrient status, and methods of managing crop residues on Norfolk loamy sands (Typic Paleudults) in the U.S. southeastern coastal plain. This study summarizes 10 site-years of data collected from 1978 through 1982. Seasonal soil-water balance and crop residue management largely determined the success of maize production under conservation tillage. Autumn subsoiling increased winter forage and maize production under both conventional and conservation tillage. When early-season rainfall was limited, water extraction by a winter cover crop or winter weeds often reduced early-season growth and yield of maize under conservation tillage. For adequate stands, increased seeding rates and effective weed-, rodent-, bird- and insect-control were all necessary. Under adequate water regimes, conventional tillage resulted in greater yields at low levels of nitrogen, but maximum yields occurred regardless of tillage system, when 200 kg ha-1 were applied. Conventionally-tilled maize generally resulted in higher yields than conservation tillage production. The only significant increase for conservation tillage occurred under non-irrigated conditions in 1981 during severe drought. The interactive soil and climatic factors which have impact on conservation tillage in this physiographic region were identified.
ENHANCING PRACTICE THROUGH APPLICATION OF CATTELL-HORN-CARROLL THEORY AND RESEARCH: A "THIRD METHOD" APPROACH TO SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY IDENTIFICATION

This article demonstrates how the broad and narrow abilities and processes that comprise Cattell – Horn – Carroll (CHC) theory and their relations to specific academic outcomes have begun to transform our current understanding of the definition of and methods for indentifying specific learning disability (SLD), particularly in the school setting. The manner in which CHC theory has been used to guide evaluation of the academic and cognitive capabilities of students who are suspected of having SLD is described. Current psychometric methods for identifying SLD that have a foundation in CHC theory are highlighted. These newer methods are based on what is known as the “third method,” a provision for SLD identification included in the federal regulations (34 CFR 300.540-543) accompanying the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act that permits the use of alternative, research-based approaches. A method based on an integration of existing third-method approaches, called the Hypothesis-Testing CHC Approach (HT-CHC), was proposed. The HT-CHC method is expected to be carried out within the context of a Response to Intervention (RTI) service delivery model. Benefits of this approach over ability – achievement discrepancy and RTI-only methods and future directions in SLD identification research are discussed. C � 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Middle Miocene palaeoenvironments of the Niger Delta

Abstract In order to recognize the palaeoenvironments of the deltaic sequence of the Middle Miocene oil-bearing E2.0 Reservoir in the Kolo Creek field, investigations of sediment grain size, textures, structures, trace fossils, mineralogical composition, diagenetic imprints, palynodebris types, palynomorphs and foraminifera have been carried out on materials from two boreholes. Using this multidisciplinary approach the following have been identified in the reservoir: ten lithofacies, two palynofacies associations, a total of 103 palynomorph taxa and a low diversity assemblage of benthic foraminifera. These criteria have provided information on the positions of the deposits relative to the palaeocoastline as well as the physical and ecological conditions within the delta. The overall depositional conditions were found to be broadly similar to those in the present-day Niger delta, although the climatic conditions were somewhat drier in the Middle Miocene, as reflected in the abundance of the grass pollen Graminidites . Seven, or possibly eight, deltaic sub-environments of deposition have been recognized based on an interpretation of gamma ray and resistivity log profiles as well as sedimentological and microfossil data from cores of two boreholes in the field. These depositional settings are the distributary channel-fill, tidal channel-fill (?), lagoon/tidal flat, lagoonal delta, flood-tidal delta in the lower delta plain, the coastal barrier, and the delta fringe and prodelta in the outer delta. The two palynofacies associations A/C and B/D which emerged from average linkage cluster analysis of the palynodebris are environmentally significant.
Return to sender: Reintegrative stigma-management strategies of ex-psychiatric patients.

With the exception of a few studies, little systematic attention has been given to individuals in their postdeviant careers. Drawing on data collected through participant observation and informal interviews with 146 nonchronic ex-psychiatric patients, this article explicates dimensions of their exit process and social reintegration. Specifically, attention is given to ex-patients' perceptions of mental illness as a stigmatizable/stigmatizing attribute, the problems they faced, the manner by which they manage discreditable/discrediting information about themselves, and the consequences of such for altering their deviant identities and social reintegration. This article suggests that ex-psychiatric patients are strategists and negotiators who play active roles in attempting to shape their deviant outcomes, techniques which have implications for identity transformation and reintegration.
Compositional-prior-guided image reconstruction algorithm for multi-modality imaging

The development of effective multi-modality imaging methods typically requires an efficient information fusion model, particularly when combining structural images with a complementary imaging modality that provides functional information. We propose a composition-based image segmentation method for X-ray digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and a structural-prior-guided image reconstruction for a combined DBT and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) breast imaging system. Using the 3D DBT images from 31 clinically measured healthy breasts, we create an empirical relationship between the X-ray intensities for adipose and fibroglandular tissue. We use this relationship to then segment another 58 healthy breast DBT images from 29 subjects into compositional maps of different tissue types. For each breast, we build a weighted-graph in the compositional space and construct a regularization matrix to incorporate the structural priors into a finite-element-based DOT image reconstruction. Use of the compositional priors enables us to fuse tissue anatomy into optical images with less restriction than when using a binary segmentation. This allows us to recover the image contrast captured by DOT but not by DBT. We show that it is possible to fine-tune the strength of the structural priors by changing a single regularization parameter. By estimating the optical properties for adipose and fibroglandular tissue using the proposed algorithm, we found the results are comparable or superior to those estimated with expert-segmentations, but does not involve the time-consuming manual selection of regions-of-interest.
Ultrafast dynamics of sterically hindered tetraphenylmethylbutadiene in liquids

Abstract Ultrafast transient dynamics of photoexcited tetraphenylmethylbutadiene (TPMB) were measured as a function of probe wavelength and solvent viscosity. In contrast to diphenylbutadiene, which undergoes simple isomerization dynamics, and tetraphenylbutadiene, which exhibits a viscosity-independent transient absorption, TPMB undergoes complex spectral dynamics with distinctly different time constants and viscosity dependence. Results at different probe wavelengths provide evidence for at least two molecular photoisomerization channels and also suggest that the distribution of ground state conformations may be viscosity dependent. The rich dynamics of TPMB demonstrate the dramatic changes induced by the steric effect of the methyl group and the sensitivity of the potential energy surfaces to molecular geometry and solvent environment.
A flavone feeding stimulant in alligatorweed

Abstract A compound partially responsible for the feeding of Agasicles beetles on alligatorweed has been isolated and identified as 7-α- l -rhamnosyl-6-methoxyluteolin (I).
Some local properties of the solutions of second-order differential equations

We investigate the asymptotics and zero distribution of solutions of ω″ + Aω = 0 where A is an entire function of very slow growth. The results parallel the classical case when A is assumed to be a polynomial.
Gaussian interference networks: Lattice alignment

This paper analyzes Gaussian interference channels with more than two users and integer channel gains, and finds a new achievable set of rates using lattice codebooks. It combines lattices with alignment schemes inspired by the ones developed for degrees of freedom (DoF) analysis [1], [2], and shows that similar rate gains can be achieved for finite SNR interference networks as well. In essence, this work can be seen as a generalization of the degrees of freedom alignment results in [1], [2] to finite SNR.
Core-Temperature Sensor Ingestion Timing and Measurement Variability

Abstract Context: Telemetric core-temperature monitoring is becoming more widely used as a noninvasive means of monitoring core temperature during athletic events. Objective: To determine the effects of sensor ingestion timing on serial measures of core temperature during continuous exercise. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Outdoor dirt track at an average ambient temperature of 4.4°C ± 4.1°C and relative humidity of 74.1% ± 11.0%. Patients or Other Participants: Seven healthy, active participants (3 men, 4 women; age = 27.0 ± 7.5 years, height = 172.9 ± 6.8 cm, body mass = 67.5 ± 6.1 kg, percentage body fat = 12.7% ± 6.9%, peak oxygen uptake [V˙o2peak] = 54.4 ± 6.9 mL•kg−1•min−1) completed the study. Intervention(s): Participants completed a 45-minute exercise trial at approximately 70% V˙o2peak. They consumed core-temperature sensors at 24 hours (P1) and 40 minutes (P2) before exercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Core temperature was recorded continuously (1-minute intervals) using a wireless ...
Surface Temperature Fronts in the Great Lakes

The distribution and variability of surface temperature fronts in the Great Lakes is studied using an 11 year time series (1985 to 1995) of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images. After the removal of cloud contaminated pixels as well as those potentially ice covered, an edge detection algorithm identifies surface temperature fronts in each image. The probability of detecting a front in the Great Lakes is highly variable from lake to lake as well as seasonally. Fronts during the winter months generally have cold water on their shallow side and appear in progressively deeper water as winter progresses. The properties of the winter fronts are consistent with a formation mechanism involving strong surface cooling over a sloping bottom. A spring transition occurs, whereby these fronts disappear and are replaced by nearshore thermal bar fronts with warm water found on their shallow side. The time of this transition depends upon the lake, occurring first in Lake Erie, next in Lakes Ontario, Huron, and Michigan, and finally in Lake Superior. These fronts are also observed to progress slowly into deeper water as nearshore waters warm. The classical thermal bar front (4°C) is seen in all of the lakes but most of the fronts during the spring peak in frontal activity have temperatures greater than 4°C, suggesting that the thermal bar marks the offshore edge of a more extensive frontal zone. Frontal activity declines during summer in all lakes except Superior.
Role of MMP-2 in the Regulation of IL-6/Stat3 Survival Signaling via Interaction With α5β1 Integrin in glioma

Role of MMP-2 in the regulation of IL-6/Stat3 survival signaling via interaction with α5β1 integrin in glioma
Hemagglutination by Influenza Virus: III. The Xo Phase of Influenza A Virus

In the original characterization of the O-D change in influenza virus, type A, Burnet and Bull1 stated that they found no evidence of a change from the D to the O phase, but that the O phase could be transformed by a process of discontinuous mutation to the D phase. The O-D change was studied in further detail by Burnet and Stone2 and their original observations were fully confirmed. The interest of the author in the
Hepatitis: Long-term therapy of chronic hepatitis B reverses cirrhosis.

After 1 year of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B, hepatic inflammation decreases in 50–70% of patients; fibrosis, however, frequently remains unchanged. A study has now revealed that 5-year treatment with the nucleotide analogue tenofovir disoproxil fumarate leads to regression of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in 50% of patients.
Successful treatment of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with isotretinoin.

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus had the additional finding of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus. The lesions cleared with an I1-week course of isotretinoin alone. She has remained without recurrence for 9 months. This is the first reported case of total resolution of hypertrophic lupus erythematosus with a short course of isotretinoin.
Transport phenomena in Alcator C-Mod H-modes

Several interesting new results have come from studies of ICRF-heated, H-mode plasmas in Alcator C-Mod. Dimensionless scaling studies have found gyro-Bohm-like transport similar to that reported on other devices; however, the dependence on collisionality was surprisingly strong, with . Despite high edge temperatures and strong edge pressure gradients, type I edge-localized modes (ELMs) are not observed in C-Mod. Instead we obtain a regime that we have dubbed enhanced (EDA) which is accompanied by high-frequency density fluctuations. For all H-modes, core gradients were found to increase linearly with edge temperature, suggesting the importance of critical gradient/marginal stability behaviour. Comparisons with the IFS-PPPL model have begun, showing quantitative agreement in some cases. Impurity particle transport was studied via the laser blow-off technique with impurity confinement found to be effectively infinite for ELM-free discharges but reduced into the range 0.1-0.2 s for the EDA plasmas.
Tetracycline as a selector for resistant bacteria in activated sludge.

Abstract Tetracycline, one of the most widely used antibiotics, is excreted into wastewater after consumption by humans and animals. The focus of this research was to evaluate the fate of tetracycline resistant bacteria in the activated sludge process as a function of tetracycline loading. The studies were conducted with aerobic biological sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). When comparing 250 μg l −1 tetracycline fed SBRs with parallel SBRs having a background influent wastewater tetracycline concentration of approximately 1 μg l −1 , tetracycline fed reactors were found to have increased concentrations and production rates of tetracycline resistant bacteria, higher net growth rates of resistant bacteria, and higher percentages of tetracycline resistant bacteria, which were amplified by increase in organic loading and growth rates.
Physical ergonomic hazards in highway tunnel construction: Overview from the Construction Occupational Health Program

Abstract This report provides an overview of physical ergonomic exposures in highway construction work across trades and major operations. For each operation, the observational method “PATH” (Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling) was used to estimate the percentage of time that workers spent in specific tasks and with exposure to awkward postures and load handling. The observations were carried out on 73 different days, typically for about 4 h per day, covering 120 construction workers in 5 different trades: laborers, carpenters, ironworkers, plasterers, and tilers. Non-neutral trunk postures (forward or sideways flexion or twisting) were frequently observed, representing over 40% of observations for all trades except laborers (28%). Kneeling and squatting were common in all operations, especially tiling and underground utility relocation work. Handling loads was frequent, especially for plasterers and tilers, with a range of load weights but most often under 15 pounds. The results of this study provide quantitative evidence that workers in highway tunnel construction operations are exposed to ergonomic factors known to present significant health hazards. Numerous opportunities exist for the development and implementation of ergonomic interventions to protect the health and safety of construction workers.
Ribosome-catalyzed formation of an abnormal peptide analogue.

The peptidyl-tRNA analogue N-(chloracetyl) phenylalanyl-tRNA/sup Phe/ was prepared by chemical aminoacylation and prebound to the P site of Escherichia coli ribosomes in response to poly(uridylic acid). Admixture of phenylalanyl-tRNA/sup Phe/ to the A site resulted in the formation of two dipeptides, one of which was found by displacement of chloride ion from the peptidyl-tRNA. This constitutes the first example of ribosome-mediated formation of a peptide of altered connectivity and suggests a need for revision of the current model of peptide bond formation. Also suggested by the present finding is the feasibility of utilizing tRNAs to prepare polypeptides of altered connectivity in an in vitro protein biosynthesizing system. (/sup 32/P)-oligo(rA), (/sup 3/H)- and (/sup 14/C) phenylalanines were used in the assay of the peptidye-tRNA analogue.
Prophets, Gurus, and Pundits: Rhetorical Styles and Public Engagement, Anna M. Young

As I read and reread Young’s text for this review, I was struck by news of the activist and professor Cornel West stating, during an October 12 speech at the “Faith in Ferguson” rally, “I didn’t co...
Axial dispersion of solid particles in a continuous rotary kiln

Six algorithms following single particle trajectories are used to predict the axial dispersion in rolling or slumping flow in a continuous rotary kiln. Models incorporating different physical phenomena show that axial dispersion is affected by the Froude number, L/D ratio, solid fill level, and rolling or slumping layer thickness. The main cause of axial dispersion is segregation of the nonuniform particle size, density and shape. In a rolling bed with uniform particles the rolling layer thickness and the time of roll have to be accounted for in the prediction of the dispersion. The Peclet numbers computed for sold particles with uniform physical properties are of the order of 104. The sold segregated motion may lead to Peclet numbers of the order of 10 – 103, a much larger dispersion. The main obstacle for a-priori prediction of the axial dispersion is lack of a reliable relation between the segregated roll or slump distance and the variation in particles properties, as well as the change in segregation as the flow properties of kparticles are changed during calcination.
Collision-induced dissociation dynamics of the acetone cation: intraconversion of translational and electronic energy

Abstract Collisional activation and dissociation of low-energy acetone ions have been studied using a crossed-beam tandem mass spectrometer. A small but significant fraction of acetone ions from 70 eV electron ionization are formed in long-lived excited A state. Ground state acetone ions are also collisionally excited to the A state via conversion of translational into internal energy. Two populations of collisionally excited ions are formed, one which is stable on the time scale of our experiments and one which dissociates into an acetyl ion and a methyl radical. These microscopically related reaction pathways demonstrate the unexpectedly facile interconversion of translational and electronic energy in low-energy collisions.
Inquiry-based honors physics labs

We report on a new set of laboratories for our Freshman Honors Physics Course. The new labs are inquiry-based, and allow students to design, execute and analyze their own experiments. The students usually analyzed their experiments by simulating them, using realistic motion techniques in python or spreadsheets. Students presented their finished analyses to the rest of the class with Microsoft PowerPoint. The labs were quite successful, though we did not do any rigorous assessment.
A lattice spacetime for the slit experiments of quantum mechanics

Abstract Assuming the existence of a lattice structure for quantum spacetime and knowledge of the observed probability density functions, f t , we determine the probabilistic properties of this spacetime. The algorithm is based on a matrix method that solves the inverse Perron-Frobenius problem at each time t . For the two-slit experiment, the algorithm reveals the probabilistic structure of the lattice spacetime that produces the interference patterns.
Recruiting Science Majors into Secondary Science Teaching: Paid Internships in Informal Science Settings

Despite the importance of recruiting highly qualified individuals into the science teaching profession, little is known about the effectiveness of particular recruitment strategies. Over 3 years, 34 college science majors and undecided students were recruited into paid internships in informal science settings to consider secondary science teaching as a career. Analysis of interns’ subsequent career plans revealed the internships were not effective in recruiting the interns into the secondary science teacher education program, although many interns thought they might consider becoming teachers later in their lives. Reasons for not pursuing teaching included continued indecisiveness, inflexibility of required plans of study, and concerns about teachers’ pay and classroom management.
Spectral optical functions of silicon in the range of 1.13-4.96 eV at elevated temperatures

This work presents an experimental procedure for measuring high temperature spectral optical functions of materials. The complex refractive index is determined over a spectral range of 1.13-4.96 eV at high temperatures by ellipsometry in a reduced pressure, inert gas environment. On the basis of the measured complex refractive index, relevant optical functions such as the complex dielectric function, normal incidence reflectance, and absorption coefficient are also obtained. Silicon is selected due to the fact that, even though it has numerous applications in microelectronics fabrication and processing, the available spectral optical property data are incomplete at high temperatures. The experimental results are compared with the existing published data.
A Survey of BGP Security Issues and Solutions

As the Internet's de facto interdomain routing protocol, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the glue that holds the disparate parts of the Internet together. A major limitation of BGP is its failure to adequately address security. Recent high-profile outages and security analyses clearly indicate that the Internet routing infrastructure is highly vulnerable. Moreover, the design of BGP and the ubiquity of its deployment have frustrated past efforts at securing interdomain routing. This paper considers the current vulnerabilities of the interdomain routing system and surveys both research and standardization efforts relating to BGP security. We explore the limitations and advantages of proposed security extensions to BGP, and explain why no solution has yet struck an adequate balance between comprehensive security and deployment cost.
Two Types of Congenital Cysts of the Posterior Fossa: A Comparison of Their Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Their Embryogenesis

Two Types of Congenital Cysts of the Posterior Fossa: A Comparison of Their Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Their Embryogenesis
Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Density in Rodents Using Digital Image Analysis

Rodent models have been used extensively to study mammary gland development and for studies of toxicology and carcinogenesis. Mammary gland gross morphology can visualized via the excision of intact mammary gland chains following fixation and staining with carmine using a tissue preparation referred to as a whole mount. Methods are described for the automated collection of digital images from an entire mammary gland whole mount and for the interrogation of digital data using a "masking" technique available with Image-Pro® plus image analysis software (Mediacybernetics. Silver Spring, MD). Parallel to mammographic analysis in humans, measurements of rodent mammary gland density were derived from area-based or volume-based algorithms and included: total circumscribed mammary fat pad mass, mammary epithelial mass, and epithelium-free fat pad mass. These values permitted estimation of absolute mass of mammary epithelium as well as breast density. The biological plausibility of these measurements was evaluated in mammary whole mounts from rats and mice. During mammary gland development, absolute epithelial mass increased linearly without significant changes in mammographic density. Treatment of rodents with tamoxifen, 9-cis-retinoic acid, or ovariectomy, and occurrence of diet induced obesity decreased both absolute epithelial mass and mammographic density. The area and volumetric methods gave similar results. Digital image analysis can be used for screening agents for potential impact on reproductive toxicity or carcinogenesis as well as for mechanistic studies, particularly for cumulative effects on mammary epithelial mass as well as translational studies of mechanisms that explain the relationship between epithelial mass and cancer risk.
Sample-Based HZD Control for Robustness and Slope Invariance of Planar Passive Bipedal Gaits

Controllers are developed that extend the hybrid zero dynamics (HZD) control approach to the control of planar biped walking by allowing constraints to be designed by sampling a gait of interest, rather than by optimization. The technique is used to enlarge the basin of attraction of a passive biped?s gait under the assumption that ideal actuation has been introduced at each of the body coordinates. In this case, no control effort is used at steady-state. The technique also enables the systematic modification of the gaits? kinematic and dynamic properties. The main results are illustrated via two examples.
Simultaneous score confidence bounds for risk differences in multiple comparisons to a control

Asymptotic simultaneous lower (upper) confidence bounds for risk differences arising from comparing several treatments to a common control are constructed by inverting the maximum (minimum) of score statistics. With a few exceptions, these bounds perform better in terms of simultaneous coverage probability than procedures based on adjusted Wald methods (e.g., adding pseudo-observations), especially over relevant parts of the parameter space in superiority or inferiority studies. A further improvement is realized by using an appropriate multiplicity adjusted critical value that takes advantage of the correlation information in the score statistics estimated under the null instead of a regular plug-in estimate. Simulation results and a worked example show a gain in terms of the precision of the lower bounds and their power; however, not too much is lost when using the straightforward Sidak multiplicity adjustment when the number of comparisons is small. All methods discussed are implemented and reproducible with general and publicly available R code.
The fine structure of the human corpus luteum of early pregnancy and during the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle

The fine structure of granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells of human corpora lutea of early pregnancy and during the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle (i.e., 1 day, 7 days and 9 days after estimated ovulation) is described. Granulosa lutein cells of early pregnancy are distinguished from theca lutein cells in having: (1) a more homogeneous, electron-lucent nuclear matrix, (2) enlarged pleomorphic mitochondria with irregularly-shaped, osmiophilic inclusions, (3) numerous isolated regions of the Golgi complex, (4) abundant whorls of granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, (5) a folded-membrane complex, (6) numerous bundles of 50 A filaments and (7) patches of elongated microvilli bordering intercellular and intracellular canaliculi. Furthermore, granulosa lutein cells of early pregnancy are distinguished from granulosa lutein cells of corpora taken during the progestational stage of the menstrual cycle by the greater abundance of granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, the presence of concentric membranous whorls and large spherical mitochondria, increases in membrane-bound granules and a more extensive development of intracellular canaliculi. These differences are related to the high titers of serum gonadotrophin (s) during early gestation. The morphology of human corpora lutea is compared with steroidogenic tissues of other species and is correlated with the capacity of human corpora lutea to synthesize estrogens in addition to progestogens. Based upon morphological evidence, it is suggested that in addition to elaborating steriod hormones, corpora lutea may also secrete a proteinaceous product, perhaps relaxin.1
Regulation of Constitutive Gene Expression through Interactions of Sp1 Protein with the Nuclear Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Complex

The region of residues -145 to -119 (CD/L) of the cathepsin D gene promoter contains a GC-rich motif that binds Sp1 protein and an adjacent pentanucleotide (CACGC) that corresponds to the core sequence of a dioxin responsive element (DRE) and binds the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt) complex. This Sp1(N)(4)DRE(core) motif has been identified in promoters of several genes in which Sp1 plays an important role in basal gene expression. In transient transfection assays with MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using wild-type pCD/L and constructs mutated in the core DRE (pCD/L(m1)) and Sp1 (pCD/L(m2)) sites, it was shown that both motifs were required for maximal basal activity. The requirements for AhR-Arnt interactions with Sp1 protein for maximal activity of pCD/L were confirmed in wild-type MCF-7 and Hepa 1c1c7 cells and Arnt-deficient Hepa 1c1c7 cells using antisense Arnt and Arnt expression plasmids. The functional interactions of Sp1 with AhR-Arnt were paralleled by physical interactions showing that AhR-Arnt and Sp1 proteins were co-immunoprecipitated and AhR-Arnt enhanced Sp1-[(32)P]CD/L binding in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The physical and functional interactions of Sp1 with AhR-Arnt proteins bound to the Sp1(N)(4)DRE(core) motif were also dependent on the proximity of these sites, and both the activity and the extent of Sp1-DNA binding decreased as the number of intervening nucleotides increased from 4 to 20. These studies show that regulation of basal expression of some genes by Sp1 may also require interactions with AhR-Arnt.
Comparative Evaluation of the Autofield-I®,CFA-120,® and Fieldmaster Model 101-PR® Automated Perimeters

Abstract Clinical evaluations of the Autofield-I,8 CFA-120,8 and Fieldmaster Model 101-PRO automated perimeters were performed in comparison with manual kinetic testing on the Goldmann perimeter. All the automated perimeters displayed similar high rates of detecting visual field defects, although their false-alarm (false-positive) rates were considerably different. The principal factors responsible for high-detection and low false-alarm rates are discussed.
Numerical experiments in semiclassical laser-cooling theory of multistate atoms

We describe a numerical implementation of our semiclassical laser-cooling theory [J. Javanainen, Phys. Rev. A 44, 5857 (1991)] for an arbitrary multilevel atom and light field. There is satisfactory agreement between experiments and temperatures obtained from Langevin-equation simulations of the motion of an atom subject to light-pressure force and the accompanying diffusion in three-dimensional (3D) optical molasses in which there are three orthogonal pairs of counterpropagating waves with a common linear polarization for the two beams in a pair, but orthogonal polarizations between the pairs. However, the velocity distribution of the atoms is anisotropic and may deviate strongly from a Gaussian, heterodyne spectra may have a sideband, and the atomic density may be a maximum at the maximum of the potential of the dipole forces of the molasses beams. Subsequent velocity-linearized analysis of atomic damping and diffusion shows that the damping tensor may have a negative eigenvalue corresponding to heating in large regions of space, even though the light is red tuned for cooling. It is also found that the position-averaged damping and diffusion tensors make a poor predictor of the temperature obtained in Langevin-equation simulations and real experiments. Based on additional simulations of a simple 1D model, we formulate a hypothesis that connects our findings. The key idea is that an atom trapped in a minimum of the potential of the dipole forces is subject to a weaker-than-average damping, and therefore tends to boil out of the trap.
Is There a Need for an Umbrella Society for All Toxicology Organizations

(1980). Is There a Need for an Umbrella Society for All Toxicology Organizations? Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 361-363.
Rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure interface and electrospray ionization source

A rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass analyzer was incorporated into a mass spectrometer fitted with an electrospray ionization source and an atmospheric pressure interface. The RIT mass spectrometer, which was assembled in two different configurations, was used for the study of biological compounds, for which performance data are given. A variety of techniques, including the use of a balanced rf, elevated background gas pressure, automatic gain control, and resonance ejection waveforms with dynamically adjusted amplitude, were applied to enhance performance. The capabilities of the instrument were characterized using proteins, peptides, and pharmaceutical drugs. Unit resolution and an accuracy of better than m/z 0.2 was achieved for mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios up to 2000 Th at a scan rate of ∼3000 amu/(charge·s) while reduced scan rates gave greater resolution and peak widths of less than m/z 0.5 over the same range. The mass discrimination in trapping externally generated ions was characterized over the ran...
Atomic force constants in S2

Abstract The atomic force constants for sulfur are found to have the same value in doubly-bonded S2 as in the singly-bonded ring compounds S6, S8 and S12. This observation is rationalized by examining the dependence of atomic force constants upon internuclear distances.
Pioglitazone Slows Progression of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes Independent of Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Objective— To determine whether changes in standard and novel risk factors during the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes trial explained the slower rate of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progression with pioglitazone treatment in persons with prediabetes. Methods and Results— CIMT was measured in 382 participants at the beginning and up to 3 additional times during follow-up of the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes trial. During an average follow-up of 2.3 years, the mean unadjusted annual rate of CIMT progression was significantly ( P =0.01) lower with pioglitazone treatment (4.76×10 –3 mm/year; 95% CI: 2.39×10 –3 –7.14×10 –3 mm/year) compared with placebo (9.69×10 –3 mm/year; 95% CI: 7.24×10 –3 –12.15×10 –3 mm/year). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting and 2-hour glucose, HbA 1c , fasting insulin, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels improved significantly with pioglitazone treatment compared with placebo ( P Conclusion— Pioglitazone slowed progression of CIMT, independent of improvement in hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation in prediabetes. These results suggest a possible direct vascular benefit of pioglitazone.
Promoting low-fat entree choices in a public cafeteria.

Reductions in dietary fat have been recommended in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Because entrees contribute substantially to total meal fat content, we evaluated a cafeteria-based intervention for increasing the purchase rate of low-fat entrees (M = 6.83 g) relative to nonlow-fat entrees (M = 25.59 g). The intervention included a poster listing the benefits of a LF diet and the daily LF entrees (i.e., broiled or baked chicken and fish dishes). During 6 days per phase, food selections (N = 3,264) were monitored by trained observers. The intervention, which cost $80.00, produced significant increases (i.e., from 20% to 35%) in the purchase rate of LF entrees.
Evaluating a PID, pure pursuit, and weighted steering controller for an autonomous land vehicle

ABSTRACT Wright Laboratory, at Tyndall AFB, Florida, has contracted the University ofFlorida to develop autonomous navigationsystems for a variety ofrobotic vehicles, capable ofperforming tasks associated with the location and removal of bombsand mines. One ofthe tasks involves surveying closed target ranges for unexploded buried munitions. Accuracy in pathfollowing is critical to the task. There are hundreds of acres that currently require surveying. The sites are typically divided into regions, where each mission can take up to 4.5 hours. These sites are usually surveyed along parallel rows. By improving the accuracy ofpath following, the distance betweenthe rows can be increased to nearly the detection widthofthe ground penetrating sensors, resulting in increased acreage surveyed per mission. This paper evaluates a high-level PID and a pure pursuit steering controller. The controllers were combined into a weighted solution so that the desirablefeatures of each controller is preserved. This strategy was demonstrated in simulation and implemented on a NavigationTest Vehicle (NTV). For a test path ofvarying curvature, the average lateral control error was 2 cm at a vehicle speedof 1.34 mIs.