cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Academic Achievement for Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from School-Based Intervention Research.

Although children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant academic difficulties in school settings, considerably less attention is devoted to remediating their academic problems when compared to behavioral and social difficulties. The purpose of this article is to review empirically supported academic interventions for children with ADHD. Specific evidence-based academic interventions are described under the categories of reading and mathematics, with examples that illustrate teacher-mediated interventions focusing on basic skills (e.g., phonological awareness in reading, mathematics computation) and higher-level cognitive skills (e.g., collaborative strategic reading, CSR; schema-based instruction, SBI). Finally, implications for educational practice and directions for future research on school-based academic interventions for students with ADHD are discussed.
The protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin reduces sex behavior during a critical period after testosterone treatment in male Syrian hamsters.

Abstract Testosterone (T) is critical for maintaining male sexual behavior (MSB) in rodents, in part by altering protein synthesis in a well-defined neural circuit. The specific timing of protein synthesis essential for expression of MSB has never been investigated. We administered the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin (Ani) to castrated male Syrian hamsters treated sc with 100 μg T in an aqueous vehicle once weekly; this T regimen maintains MSB while elevating circulating T concentrations for only a few hours after each injection. Hamsters were injected sc with the vehicle or 12.5 mg Ani at one of several times relative to T administration; MSB was assessed once per week, 6 days after the previous T injection, for 5 weeks. Anisomycin administered 6–12 h after T injection significantly reduced the expression of sexual behavior, whereas Ani treatment between 3 h before and 3 h after T injection did not impair MSB. This experiment is the first to assess the specific timing of protein synthesis relative to a T pulse that is required for the expression of MSB. The demarcation of a critical interval for T-induced protein synthesis necessary for maintenance of MSB should facilitate specification of the genomic, proteomic, and biochemical cascades that subserve actions of T on male copulation.
J. Severino Croatto’s Rereading of Empire in Isaiah 47

Anyone attempting to engage Latin America’s contributions to the field of biblical studies for the last fifty years cannot avoid the prolific scholarship of Jose Severino Croatto. His hermeneutical lens reflects a liberationist “rereading” strategy that ethically aims to privilege the lived experiences of oppressed and disenfranchised peoples of the world. Much of Croatto’s liberationist gaze focused on the Isaianic version of Israel’s “founding” message. Here, he oscillates between social critic and biblical exegete in a way that gives his rereading relevant specificity. As a case study into Croatto’s rereading of the materiality of empire in Isaiah, this essay interrogates his exegesis of empire in Isaiah 47 in order to better understand Croatto’s social critique of modern empire. In the end, Croatto’s assessment of empire has as its primary ethical concern the experiences of the oppressed people of Latin America. This explicit social obligation requires that he distill and sustain in full view the materiality of empire inscribed in Second Isaiah’s rhetoric. To achieve this, he harnesses a “sociopolitico” meaning within the text in such way that he makes accessible a theological rhetoric for critiquing the contemporary reality of empire.
Probabilities of an aversive event and physiological correlates of stress.

Sammary.-In Exp. I, GO undergraduates were exposed to either a lo%, 50%, 90%, or 100% probability of shodc after a 15-sec. anticipation period. The 90% condition produced greater changes in GSR than the 50% and 100% condirions and greater increases in heart rate than the 50% condition. In Exp. 11, 60 undergraduates were exposed to either a lo%, 50%, 90%, or 99% probability of a potentially avoidable aversive event. The 90% condition produced greater changes in GSR than the 10% condition and greater increases in heart rate than the 99% condition. These findings suggest that probable but uncertain aversive events produce greatest arousal. The conditions which produce psychological stress have long been of interest to both experimental and applied psychologists. Seligman, Maier, and Solomon ( 1971 ) have provided extensive evidence that two factors-uncontrollability and unpredictability-render a threatening stimulus particularly aversive. The present research is concerned with a third variable-the probability of the aversive event's occurrence. Previous research examining the physiological indicators of stress produced by various probabilities of an aversive event has yielded conflicting results. Epstein and Roupenian (1970), in a study with 596, 5096, and 95% probabilities of a shock after a 10-sec. anticipation period, surprisingly found that the 5% group exhibited :he greatest skin conductance and that the 5 % and 50% groups exhibited the greatest heaft rate. Since unpredictable aversive events apparently produce more stress than predictable ones (Badia & Culbertson, 1972; Badia, Suter, & Lewis, 1967; Jones, Bentler, & Petry, 1966; Lanzetta & Driscoll, 1966; Lockard, 1963, 1965; Pervin, 1963), one might have expected the 50% condition to produce the greatest stress, since it is the most unpredictable. Epstein and Roupenian had made this prediction and reasoned that perhaps the subjective probability of receiving a shock was closer to 50% in the 5% condition. In another study Bowers (1971) using O%, 50%, and 100% probabilities of shock found heart rate to be greatest in the 100% condition and lowest in the 50% condition. The subjects in the 50% condition, however, could receive a shock at any time during the uial, whereas subjects in the 100% condition always received shock at the end of the trial. This confounding renders their results difficult to interpret. Monat, Averill, and Lazarus (1972) found no dif'Porrions of this data were presented at the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, 1977. This research was supported by a faculty grant from Adelphi University. 'Correspondence should be mailed to Rebecca Curtis, Dept. of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, N. Y. 11530.
A two cardinal theorem for sets of formulas in a stable theory

We generalize a weak version of Lachlan's two-cardinal theorem to the context of a set of formulas of power less than λ (instead of a simple formula) and λ-compact models (instead of arbitrary models). A few applications are described.
Consumer Acceptability of Beef Steak Tenderness in the Home and Restaurant

Acceptability of beef steak tenderness in home and restaurant environments was evaluated by 62 consumers. Steaks (loin, ribeye, or bottom and top round) were consumed by each panelist in their home and in a fine dining restaurant. Each consumer rated steaks for tenderness and overall acceptability in the home (over a 2-mo period) and one steak per week (over a 7-wk period) in the restaurant. Acceptability for steaks consumed at home and in the restaurant ranked between 3 (moderately tough) and 4 (slightly tough) on an 8-point scale. The Warner-Bratzler Shear force transition level for beef tenderness acceptability in the home was between 4.6 and 5.0 kg and in the restaurant between 4.3 and 5.2 kg. The unacceptable level of beef steak tenderness was ≤4.3 kg. Results suggested that consumers were more critical of beef tenderness in the home than in restaurants. Consumer responses may have been influenced by receiving free meals in the home or restaurant, as well as by the dining environment.
Preservice and In-Service Teachers' Perceptions of Band Music Content and Quality using Self-Report and Behavioral Measures.

This study is an examination of experienced and inexperienced teachers' perceptions of band music content and quality in three experimental settings. Estimates of time focusing on musical elements and perceptions of difficulty and quality of a mid-level band work after silent score study and after listening were investigated. In a separate study, participants demonstrated musical element focus using an operant measure while simultaneously listening to and reading scores of three works in different styles. Perceptions of difficulty and quality were again examined. Level of expertise was not a mitigating factor in these tasks; preservice teachers' focus generally paralleled responses of in-service teachers. Mode of study seemed to influence decisions of quality and craftsmanship, since these were rated more highly by listeners than by readers. Results suggest that preservice teachers may possess abilities similar to experienced teachers concerning decisions about mid-level band works. Limitations of these s...
EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE SENSITIVE DETECTORS OF BACTERIAL PORE-FORMING TOXINS

Epithelial cells act as an interface between human mucosal surfaces and the surrounding environment. As a result, they are responsible for the initiation of local immune responses, which may be crucial for prevention of invasive infection. Here we show that epithelial cells detect the presence of bacterial pore-forming toxins (including pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae, alpha-hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus, streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes, and anthrolysin O from Bacillus anthracis) at nanomolar concentrations, far below those required to cause cytolysis. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK appears to be a conserved response of epithelial cells to subcytolytic concentrations of bacterial poreforming toxins, and this activity is inhibited by the addition of high molecular weight osmolytes to the extracellular medium. By sensing osmotic stress caused by the insertion of a sublethal number of pores into their membranes, epithelial cells may act as an early warning system to commence an immune response, while the local density of toxin-producing bacteria remains low. Osmosensing may thus represent a novel innate immune response to a common bacterial virulence strategy.
Asthenosphere flow model of hotspot-ridge interactions: a comparison of Iceland and Kerguelen

We develop a numerical model to test the asthenosphere flow paradigm in which hotspots feed the low viscosity asthenosphere, and lithosphere growth consumes the asthenosphere. The dynamics of this flow model are controlled by the relative position of the hotspot to the ridge, absolute plate velocities, lithosphere and asthenosphere rheologies, and tectonic boundary conditions. The model is applied to two distinct regions — the Iceland hotspot centered on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the Kerguelen hotspot located near the Southeast Indian Ridge. The Iceland model generates along-ridge flow rates as high as 30 cm/y for an asthenosphere viscosity of 5×1018 Pa s. These flow rates are consistent with previous interpretations of the origin of southward pointing V's south of Iceland. The preferred Kerguelen model produces significant hotspot-to-ridge flow followed by along-ridge flow; velocities from the off-axis hotspot to the ridge are 66 cm/y for a model within which asthenosphere viscosity varies from 5×1018 to 5×1019 Pa s. The asthenosphere flow paradigm can explain major features of hotspot-ridge interactions for both on-axis and off-axis hotspots.
Competency Development and University Methodology: A Model and Proposal

The intent of the authors here is to assist professors of school administration by presenting , a planning framework in which the type and level of learning desired can be matched with the most app...
Air pollution measurement by Fourier transform spectroscopy

The use of infrared methods in pollution measurement has been hampered by sensitivity limitations and by interferences from water vapor. Fourier transform spectrometer systems reduce these limitations by their high optical efficiency and their ability to manipulate spectra for removal of interfering bands. At the Environmental Protection Agency we have sought to further increase the sensitivity of the infrared technique by evolving optimal long path cell designs and sample concentration techniques. Reactive pollutants such as O(3), H(2)O(2), HNO(3), HNO(2), H(2)CO, HCOOH, PAN, HCl, NH(3), NO, and NO(2) are best measured in the open atmosphere. In this case one strives toward large absorption cells with the paths as long as practical. Our largest cell is being used to measure pollutants in the smog at Riverside, California. This cell uses an eight-mirror system for multiple-passing radiation along a 23-m base path, yielding total paths measured in kilometers. Reactive gases at levels of just a few ppb have been measured. For measuring nonreactive pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and halocarbons, maximum detection sensitivity is achieved with small folded-path cells rather than with large cells. In this case a pollutant concentrate is prepared and introduced into a miniaturized multiple-pass cell designed for maximum path-to-volume ratio. Cryogenic trapping to separate the pollutants from the major constituents of the air has yielded concentration factors as high as one million. The smallest multiple-pass cell we have built to date encloses a 115-cm light path within a volume of 3 cm(3). This cell when used with the FTS spectrometer and mercury-cadmium-telluride detector permits the detection of nanogram quantities of pollutant gases. Measurements have been made of trace gases in the air at mixing ratios as low as 2 x 10(-11).
Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) Cell Anti-HIV-1 ADCC Reactivity: A Potential Strategy for Reduction of Virus-Infected Cellular Reservoirs

Lymphocytes from HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative individuals were examined to determine whether HIV-1 infection interfered with the ability to generate a lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell response. Following a 3-day ex vivo incubation in the presence of 1000 U/ml of recombinant interleukin-2, lymphocytes from seropositive individuals exhibited a LAK cell response which was equivalent to or greater than that of seronegative controls as measured against Daudi cell targets. LAK cells from seropositive and seronegative donors showed no specific cytolytic activity against gp120-coated or HIV-1-infected targets. However, in the presence of patient sera, significant levels of virus-specific LAK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were observed. The level of this specific LAK cell-mediated ADCC was greater than that mediated under similar conditions by freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The greatest improvement in ADCC over baseline activity was seen with lymphocytes from AIDS patients after the 3-day ex vivo activation, suggesting that this patient population might benefit the most from adaptive LAK cell therapy.
An atypical presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

Purpose To report a case of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with an atypical initial presentation and to postulate an anatomical explanation for this unusual biologic behavior. Design Interventional case report. Methods An orbital magnetic resonance imaging study of a 58-year-old man who complained of progressive diplopia and orbital discomfort disclosed a soft tissue mass in the left cavernous sinus and orbital apex. The left lacrimal gland and the contiguous bone appeared normal. Results Biopsy of the intracranial mass revealed ACC of unknown origin which was judged to be unresectable. He underwent two cycles of intraarterial cytoreductive chemotherapy followed by a left medial maxillectomy with sphenoethmoidectomy, orbital exenteration, and chemoradiation. ACC tumor cells were identified in nerve fiber bundles surrounding and within the lacrimal gland. Conclusions In patients presenting with an infiltrative mass in the cavernous sinus or orbital apex, metastatic disease from an occult lacrimal gland primary should be considered, even with a normal-appearing lacrimal gland.
Comparison of Different Chemical Kinetic Models for Biodiesel Combustion

The current study compares the predictions by four different published mechanisms in literature which have been used for 3 dimensional compression ignition engine simulations. These four mechanisms use two different sets of surrogates: (a) methyl decanoate, methyl 9-decenoate, and n-heptane, (b) methyl butanoate and n-heptane. The mechanisms include: (1) 115 species and 460 reactions [1] using surrogate mixture (a); (2) 77 species and 209 reactions [2] using surrogate mixture (a); (3) 145 species and 869 reactions [3] using surrogate mixture (b); (4) 41 species and 150 reactions [4] using surrogate mixture (b). The different reduction techniques implemented to obtain the reduced mechanisms from the detailed mechanisms are briefly described. The surrogate mixture compositions are then modified to match the cetane number of the real biodiesel fuels. The experimental data for comparison include jet-stirred reactor data for species concentrations for biodiesel derived from rapeseed oil and 3 dimensional constant volume combustion data (for ignition, combustion, and emission characteristics), engine data (for pressure, heat release rate, and emission characteristics) for soy-derived biodiesel. 0-D and 3-D constant volume simulations with all the mechanisms can capture the general experimental trends quite well. Large surrogate models and mechanisms tend to provide better predictions at the expense of increased computational costs. The 115 species and 460 reaction mechanism was observed to perform the best among the mechanisms in predicting the jet-stirred reactor and 3-D constant volume data. It was observed that all the mechanisms are able to qualitatively capture the engine performance and emission characteristics.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Winter Wheat Seedling Emergence from Deep Sowing Depths

Growers in low-precipitation ( 100 mm. Coleoptile length was associated with emergence capability among both cultivars (r 2 = 0.71, P < 0.004) and advanced lines (r 2 = 0.62, P < 0.001). From deep sowing depths in this study: (i) cultivars and advanced lines with Rht 1 and Rht 2 reduced-height genes always emerged poorly compared with Moro; (ii) the Rht 3 reduced-height gene did not hamper emergence to the extent that Rht 1 and Rht 2 did; and (iii) several advanced experimental lines with long coleoptiles equaled or exceeded Moro for emergence.
Tunable nonlinear frequency conversion of bismuth-tellurite glass holey fiber

We report on tunable parametric generation (PG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) in a 2.9-µm core bismuth-tellurite holey glass fiber. The maximum conversion efficiency was measured to be 0.1% and 0.06% for PG and THG respectively.
On the capacity of information networks

An outer bound on the rate region of noise-free information networks is given. This outer bound combines properties of entropy with a strong information inequality derived from the structure of the network. This blend of information theoretic and graph theoretic arguments generates many interesting results. For example, the capacity of directed cycles is characterized. Also, a gap between the sparsity of an undirected graph and its capacity is shown. Extending this result, it is shown that multicommodity flow solutions achieve the capacity in an infinite class of undirected graphs, thereby making progress on a conjecture of Li and Li. This result is in sharp contrast to the situation with directed graphs, where a family of graphs is presented in which the gap between the capacity and the rate achievable using multicommodity flows is linear in the size of the graph.
Stationary Random Fields in Space and Time With Rational Spectral Densities

This paper introduces three spatio-temporal stationary random fields with simple correlation functions and rational spectral densities. The correlation functions have similar forms, but are defined on different space-time domains or related to different spatial norms. Positive and negative correlations are allowed, and the domain of certain model parameters may rely on the spatial dimensional parameter so that the model may be available in a limited space or in all dimensions. The distinctions are discussed among the three basic correlation models. Moreover, families of spatio-temporal stationary random fields are derived by randomizing the spatial and temporal coordinates of the base random fields. The resulting correlation functions are semiparametric, and include separable spatio-temporal models as special cases
Connectivity in math-gifted adolescents: Comparing structural equation modeling, granger causality, and dynamic causal modeling

Major challenges in brain research include understanding how the brain retrieves, processes, and transmits information along with understanding how information is stored. Therefore, connectivity analyses are vital in exploring information flow and temporal interactions between particular brain regions. This paper presents the results of two different types of connectivity analysis on previously acquired fMRI data of mathematically gifted adolescents and control subjects performing a mental rotation task. It has been hypothesized that mathematically gifted children rely on the parietal region and right hemisphere, along with utilizing inter-hemispheric interactions that may be a more efficient network during mental rotation tasks. Granger causality and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) were used to model the connectivity in the two groups. The model outputs are compared with connectivity paths determined from structural equation modeling (SEM) in a previous study [1]. Although these methods can be used as confirmatory and/or exploratory tools, they may provide complementary, rather than redundant, information about connectivity networks within the brain.
Development and testing of high power RF vector modulators

A fan-out RF power distribution system can allow many accelerating cavities to be powered by a single high-power klystron amplifier. High-power vector modulators can perform independent control of amplitudes and phases of RF voltages at the cavities without changing the klystron signal. A prototype high-power RF vector modulator employing a quadrature hybrid and two ferrite phase shifters in coaxial TEM transmission lines has been built and tested for 402.5 MHz. RF properties of the design and results of high power testing are presented.
Nonconsumptive Predator—Prey Interactions: Sensitivity of the Detritivore Sinella curviseta (Collembola: Entomobryidae) to Cues of Predation Risk from the Spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Predators can affect prey indirectly when prey respond to cues indicating a risk of predation by altering activity levels. Changes in prey behavior may cascade through the food web to influence ecosystem function. The response of the collembolan Sinella curviseta Brook (Collembola: Entomobryidae) to cues indicating predation risk (necromones and cues from the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Hentz) (Araneae: Lycosidae)) was tested. Additionally, necromones and predator cues were paired in a conditioning experiment to determine whether the collembolan could form learned associations. Although collembolans did not alter activity levels in response to predator cues, numerous aspects of behavior differed in the presence of necromones. There was no detectable conditioned response to predator cues after pairing with necromones. These results provide insight into how collembolans perceive and respond to predation threats that vary in information content. Previously detected indirect impacts of predator cues on ecosystem function are likely due to changes in prey other than activity level.
An examination of the factors controlling net methylation in estuarine sediments: Results from measurements and models

An examination of the distribution of mercury and methylmercury across estuarine ecosystems in the northeast USA was completed under a number of projects. Sites ranged from Maine to the Chesapeake Bay and included both pristine and contaminated sites. In addition to measurements of bulk sediment and porewater, methylation and demethylation rates were also measured. Results showed that the relationships between sediment-porewater partitioning and methylation potential with sediment organic content are complex and that sediment organic content alone is not always a good predictor of the potential for a system to produce methylmercury. Modeling and correlations between variables suggest that the sulfur content of the system needs to be considered and for high organic content sediments, both sulfur and organic content.
Success in public health genomics: beyond the ACCE criteria.

In judging the future success of a field of activity such as public health genomics, the criteriawill tend to ‘layer-out’ into a microor finely detailed view, and a macro-view, one that takes in the big picture. To date professionals in the field have been strongly focused on judging the viability of new forms of genetic testing using the ACCE criteria (analytical and clinical criteria and ethical, legal and social considerations; http:// www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/ACCE). This framework has been used to evaluate many categories of genetic tests, but cannot really be used to judge the field as awhole. Further, fundability of the field’s various assessment and educational efforts is important, but is more of an aim than a measure of success, and varies greatly with the funding climate. It is important that the field begin to distinguish itself in people’s minds and in what it does. Grant and article reviewers, and consumers, need to gain an appreciation that here is a field centred on conditions which strike large populations and not just single individuals, and that prioritizes the well-being of communities. Thus, public health is giving
Whither Symbolic Interaction? Reflections on a Personal Odyssey

This essay reflects my experiences over fifty-five years in the world of sociology and sociologists. It assumes these experiences hold more general meaning and so can illuminate the present and anticipate the future of symbolic interactionism. My views of interactionist theory and methods developed in opposition to widely accepted views stemming from Herbert Blumer's writings, creating a cycle of antagonism that impeded communication and learning across the divide. Recently, antagonism apparently has decreased, and respect and trust have increased commensurately If true, the future of symbolic interactionism is brighter, as respect and trust allow the communication and learning from one another that was missing previously.
A note on finite-dimensional estimators for infinite-dimensional systems

In this note we prove two theorems regarding finite-dimensional estimators for infinite-dimensional systems. The first concerns the finite dimensionality of the model and the second concerns the finite dimensionality of the observation space. Our analysis applies to very general systems, but appears to be most useful for the estimation of static systems from point sensing.
Assessment and Remediation of a Phonemic Discrimination Deficit in Reading Disabled Second and Fourth Graders.

Abstract Previous research has implicated the role of phonemic processing in disabled readers' difficulty identifying and discriminating phonemes. Experiment 1 of the present study examined second- and fourth-grade disabled and nondisabled readers' ability to discriminate between combinations of two-syllable, phoneme pairs with varying intersyllable intervals. Second-grade disabled readers performed significantly worse than nondisabled grade-mates and the fourth-grade disabled and nondisabled readers, all of whom performed similarly. Second-grade non-disabled and fourth-grade disabled readers matched on reading level performed almost identically, suggesting a developmental lag in phonemic processing. In Experiment 2, the disabled readers who performed poorly in Experiment 1 were trained on phonemic stimuli which became increasingly complex; the training significantly improved their performance up to the level of the nondisabled readers in Experiment 1. Control training with nonspeech steady-state stimuli did not improve phonemic discrimination. Overall, the results suggest that disabled readers do experience a phonemic processing deficit, but that it can be remedied with appropriate training.
Design and performance analysis of InP-based high-speed and high-sensitivity optoelectronic integrated receivers

A novel transimpedance optoelectronic receiver amplifier suitable for monolithic integration is proposed and analyzed by exploiting state-of-the-art high-speed MSM photodiodes and HBT's based on lattice-matched InGaAs-InAlAs heterostructures on InP substrates. The projected performance characteristics of this amplifier indicate a high transimpedance (/spl ap/3.6 k/spl Omega/), a large bandwidth (17 GHz), and an excellent optical detection sensitivity (/spl minus/26.8 dBm) at 17 Gb/s for the standard bit-error-rate of 10/sup /spl minus/9/. The latter corresponds to an input noise spectral density, /spl radic/(i/sub in//sup 2//B), of 2.29 pA//spl radic/(Hz) for the full bandwidth. The bandwidth of the amplifier can be increased to 30 GHz for a reduced transimpedance (0.82 k/spl Omega/) and a lower detection sensitivity, i.e., /spl minus/21 dBm at 30 Gb/s. The amplifier also achieves a detected optical-to-electrical power gain of 21.5 dBm into a 50 /spl Omega/ load termination. The design utilizes small emitter-area HBT's for the input cascoded-pair stage, followed by a two-step emitter-follower involving one small and one large emitter-area HBT's. The design strategy of using small emitter-area HBT's is matched by a low-capacitance novel series/parallel connected MSM photodiode. This combined approach has yielded this amplifier's combined high performance characteristics which exceed either achieved or projected performances of any receiver amplifier reported to-date. The paper also discusses the issues concerning IC implementation of the receiver, including the means of realizing a high-value feedback resistor. >
The Placental Syncytium and the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Preeclampsia is associated with an increased release of factors from the placental syncytium into maternal blood, including the antiangiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluable endoglin, the antifibrinolytic factor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, prostanoids, lipoperoxides, cytokines, and microparticles. These factors are suggested to promote maternal endothelium dysfunction and are associated with placental damage in pregnancies also complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In this report, we briefly describe the interaction of syncytial factors with hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and IUGR. Given the critical role of the syncytium in these complications of pregnancy, we also present a novel methodology in which laser capture microdissection followed by Western blotting is used to assess levels of syncytial Fas ligand, a key protein in the apoptotic cascade.
Tight non-linear loop timing estimation

Parametric worst case execution time (WCET) bounds are useful in removing restrictions, such as known loop bounds, on algorithms for important applications such as scheduling for real-time embedded systems. However, current parametric approaches have difficulties with multiple loop nests that include non-rectangular loops, zero-trip loops, and/or loops with non-unit strides. These difficulties may result in the increased looseness of the upper bound, increased complexity in determining the bound, or loss of the upper bound property of the estimate. In this paper, we propose a new framework to compute tight parameterized WCET bounds for multiple loop nests that may include nonrectangular loops, zero-trip loops, and loops with non-unit strides. The framework requires only very simple symbolic manipulation capabilities and is restricted only by certain monotonic properties required of the iteration spaces of the inner loops.
Translational proof of mechanism (PoM) for sorafenib with bevacizumab: Endpoint analysis and clinical activity

3574 Background: We hypothesized that molecular targeting of tumor and its microenvironment with rational combination therapy would yield improved outcome. Bevacizumab (B) is a monocolonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFF) and sorafenib (S) is a small molecule inhibitor of the VEGF receptor-2 and RAF-kinase.We have previously reported that S 200mg bid with B 5mg/kg q2wk resulted in partial responses and prolonged disease stabilization (ovarian cancers, renal cell cancer, leiomyosarcoma). Serial tumor biopsies were obtained for translational proof of mechanism analysis. Methods: Percutaneous core biopsies of metastatic sites were obtained at baseline, after 2wk of S (group A) or B (group B), and at 6wks (2 wk into S+B combination therapy). Tissue was used for: lysate array (TLA) proteomic analysis of signaling proteins, IHC for CD31, VEGF, and Ki67, Raf/Ras mutation, and SNP analysis. Results: 18 sets of 3 biopsies were obtained, assessed for morphologic response (MR; decrease to <60% ...
ICP Reduction by Lidocaine: Dose Response Curve and Effect on CBF and EEG

Management of elevated intracranial pressure is a common problem in neurosurgical patients presenting with a mass effect due to tumors, hemorrhage, or hydrocephalus. There are cases where intracranial hypertension persists despite conventional therapy. There are also circumstances where rapid control of the ICP is needed without the delay of onset required by some of the presently available agents. Most of the presently acutely used agents (i.e. mannitol, hyperventilation) act through their effect on reducing cerebral blood volume.
A Geolinguistic Approach for Comprehending Local Influence in OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap (OSM) thrives on allowing anyone in the world to contribute features to a free online geographical database, thereby allowing international mixes of contributors to create the map in any given place. Using South America as a test area, I explore the geography of OSM contributors by applying automated language identification to the free-form comments that contributors make when saving their work. By cross-referencing these languages with users' self-reported hometowns from their profiles, I evaluate the effectiveness of language detection as a method for inferring the percentage of local contributors versus the percentage of “armchair mappers” from elsewhere. I show that most English-speaking contributors to the South American OSM are from outside the continent (rather than multilingual locals). The percentage of English use is higher in poor areas and rural areas, suggesting that residents of these places exercise less control over their map contents. Finally, I demonstrate that some feature...
Cultural Humility in Psychotherapy Supervision

As a core component of multicultural orientation, cultural humility can be considered an important attitude for clinical supervisees to adopt and practically implement. How can cultural humility be most meaningfully incorporated in supervision? In what ways can supervisors stimulate the development of a culturally humble attitude in our supervisees? We consider those questions in this paper and present a model for addressing cultural humility in clinical supervision. The primary focus is given to two areas: (a) modeling and teaching of cultural humility through interpersonal interactions in supervision, and (b) teaching cultural humility through outside activities and experiences. Two case studies illustrating the model are presented, and a research agenda for work in this area is outlined.
Chemotherapy-free interval following initial chemotherapy in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer

e15096 Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have improved survival due to recent advances in systemic therapy. It remains unclear whether patients responding to initial che...
Mechanical sensitivity and the dynamics of evolutionary rate shifts in biomechanical systems.

The influence of biophysical relationships on rates of morphological evolution is a cornerstone of evolutionary theory. Mechanical sensitivity—the correlation strength between mechanical output and the system9s underlying morphological components—is thought to impact the evolutionary dynamics of form–function relationships, yet has rarely been examined. Here, we compare the evolutionary rates of the mechanical components of the four-bar linkage system in the raptorial appendage of mantis shrimp (Order Stomatopoda). This system9s mechanical output (kinematic transmission (KT)) is highly sensitive to variation in its output link, and less sensitive to its input and coupler links. We found that differential mechanical sensitivity is associated with variation in evolutionary rate: KT and the output link exhibit faster rates of evolution than the input and coupler links to which KT is less sensitive. Furthermore, for KT and, to a lesser extent, the output link, rates of evolution were faster in ‘spearing’ stomatopods than ‘smashers’, indicating that mechanical sensitivity may influence trait-dependent diversification. Our results suggest that mechanical sensitivity can impact morphological evolution and guide the process of phenotypic diversification. The connection between mechanical sensitivity and evolutionary rates provides a window into the interaction between physical rules and the evolutionary dynamics of morphological diversification.
Abstract 493: Impact of Renal Vasoconstriction on the Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Renal Injury in Angiotensin II-induced Hypertensive Rats

Ang II is thought to play a prominent role in the development of hypertension-induced renal disease via BP dependent and independent pathways; however the quantitative relationships between BP and renal injury have not been rigorously examined in Ang II-induced hypertension. The major goals of the present study were to assess: 1) the relationship between BP and renal injury in rats with hypertension induced by Ang II vs. renal mass reduction (RMR) and 2) the pressure-flow relationships in conscious Ang II-infused rats. One group of male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River) were implanted with a BP radiotransmitter and 10 days later administered Ang II (n=12; 500 ng/kg/min via osmotic minipump) or subjected to 3/4 RMR via right uninephrectomy + infarction of ∼ 1/2 of the left kidney (RKI, n=5). BP was measured continuously and kidneys were perfused fixed at 6 weeks for the assessment of renal injury. In a separate experiment, MAP and RBF (Transonic) were measured in conscious chronically instrumented rats. After recovery from surgery (∼7 days), baseline MAP and RBF were assessed (∼4 hours @ 200 Hz) on 2 consecutive days. Subsequently, rats were administered Ang II (n=6; 500 ng/kg/min) or saline (n=7; sham) via osmotic minipump and MAP and RBF were again assessed every 2-3 days for 10 days. Despite a higher average systolic BP over 6 weeks in Ang II (174±3 mmHg) vs. RKI (165±6 mmHg) rats, glomerulosclerosis (GS) was higher (p<0.05) in RKI (15±7% out of 100 glomeruli) vs. Ang II (6±1% out of 100 glomeruli) rats. Moreover, the slope of the relationship between BP and %GS (Δ%GS/ΔmmHg) was greater in RKI vs. Ang II rats. Both MAP (98±2 vs. 99±3 mmHg) and RBF (8.1±1vs. 8.2±1 ml/min) were similar at baseline in Ang II and sham rats, respectively. MAP was elevated by day 3 (123±6 mmHg) and further increased to 157±5 mmHg by day 10 in Ang II rats. Conversely, RBF was decreased at day 3 (6.6±0.6 ml/min) and the vasoconstriction persisted over the experimental protocol as RBF further decreased to 5.6±0.7 ml/min at day 10 in Ang II rats. In conclusion, Ang II-induced hypertension is associated with a diminished susceptibility to renal injury as compared to rats with RMR likely due, in part, to the AngII-induced vasoconstriction, which reduces BP transmission to the renal microvasculature.
Raman analysis of phonon modes in a short period AlN/GaN superlattice

Abstract AlN/GaN-based optoelectronic devices have been the subject of intense research underlying the commercialization of efficient devices. Areas of considerable interest are the study of their lattice dynamics, phonon transport, and electron-phonon interactions specific to the interface of these heterostructures which results in additional optical phonon modes known as interface phonon modes. In this study, the framework of the dielectric continuum model (DCM) has been used to compare and analyze the optical phonon modes obtained from experimental Raman scattering measurements on AlN/GaN short-period superlattices. We have observed the localized E2(high), A1(LO) and the E1(TO) modes in superlattice measurements at frequencies shifted from their bulk values. To the best of our knowledge, the nanostructures used in these studies are among the smallest yielding useful Raman signatures for the interface modes. In addition, we have also identified an additional spread of interface phonon modes in the TO range resulting from the superlattice periodicity. The Raman signature contribution from the underlying AlxGa1-xN ternary has also been observed and analyzed. A temperature calibration was done based on Stokes/anti-Stokes ratio of A1(LO) using Raman spectroscopy in a broad operating temperature range. Good agreement between the experimental results and theoretically calculated calibration plot predicted using Bose-Einstein statistics was obtained.
Online Communities and Firm Advantages

Online communities are an increasingly relevant yet relatively underexamined stakeholder group for firms. I argue that firms may garner distinct competitive advantages from engaging with online com...
Explicit Codes for the Wiretap Channel with Uncertainty on the Eavesdropper's Channel

We develop explicit codes for the wiretap channel when uncertainties hold on the eavesdropper's channel statistics. We do not require any symmetry or degradation assumptions on the channel and we do not require a pre-shared secret between the legitimate users. Our code construction achieves the best known achievable communication rate derived with nonconstructive proofs. The underlying idea of our code design is an efficient emulation of random binning via polar codes to obtain reliability, along with an appropriate combination of universal hashing implemented via invertible extractors to ensure secrecy. Our code construction does not follow from previous constructions with polar codes that cannot support uncertainties on the eavesdropper's channel and require a pre-shared secret, and conceptually differs from known explicit codes relying on invertible extractors that are not optimal for asymmetric or non-degraded channels.
Unilateral Apraxic Agraphia without Ideomotor Apraxia in a patient with callosal and frontal lobe lesions (P3.198)

Objective: NA Background: Injury to the areas that store the spatial-temporal movement representations required to write, or a disconnection of these engrams from the motor areas can cause apraxic agraphia. Apraxic agraphia along with ideomotor apraxia (IMA) of the left hand has been described from callosal lesions. We report a woman with apraxic agraphia of her left hand who did not demonstrate IMA. Design/Methods: Case Report: A 37 year-old right-handed woman with a history of alcohol abuse developed an apraxic agraphia of her left hand, and a limb-kinetic apraxia (LKA), a loss of precise, independent and coordinated finger movements of both hands, as determined by the coin rotation test. However, she was without an IMA. MRI imaging reveal lesions of the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC) and leukoaraiosis in the frontal lobes. Results: NA Conclusions: Discussion: These CC changes may be a form of Marchifava-Bignami disease. Injury to the CC can cause left hand LKA, and LKA can impair writing. However, this woman had a LKA of both hands, but her apraxic agraphia was limited to left hand. Diffusion tensor imaging studies have shown that patients with alcohol abuse can develop changes in the frontal white matter, and our patient did reveal some leukoaraiosis of her frontal white matter. Therefore, it is possible that frontal white matter injury was responsible for this patient’s bilateral LKA, and these white matter or callosal injuries may have also disconnected the letter spatial-temporal movement engrams from the motor areas of the right hemisphere causing an apraxic agraphia of her left hand. However, additional studies assessing patients with alcohol abuse for LKA and apraxic agraphia are needed Study Supported by: NA Disclosure: Dr. Kesayan has nothing to disclose. Dr Heilman has nothing to disclose.
Secular resonance between Iapetus and the giant planets

Using numerical integrations, we find that the orbital eccentricity of Saturn's moon Iapetus undergoes prominent multi-Myr oscillations. We identify the responsible resonant argument to be $\varpi-\varpi_{g5}+\Omega-\Omega_{eq}$, with the terms being the longitudes of pericenter of Iapetus and planetary secular mode $g_5$, Iapetus's longitude of the node and Saturn's equinox. We find that this argument currently (on a $10^7$~yr timescale) appears to librate with a very large amplitude. On longer timescales, the behavior of this resonant angle is strongly dependent on the resonant interaction between Saturn's spin axis and the planetary mode $f_8$, with long-term secular resonance being possible if Saturn's equinox is librating relative to the node of the $f_8$ eigenmode. We present analytical estimates of the dependence of the resonant argument on the orbital elements of Iapetus. We find that this Iapetus-$g_5$ secular resonance could have been established only after the passage of Iapetus through the 5:1 mean-motion resonance with Titan, possibly in the last Gyr. Using numerical simulations, we show that the capture into the secular resonance appears to be a low-probability event. While the Iapetus-$g_5$ secular resonance can potentially help us put new constraints on the past dynamics of the Saturnian system, uncertainties in both the spin axis dynamics of Saturn and the tidal evolution rate of Titan make it impossible to make any firm conclusions about the resonance's longevity and origin.
No assignment? Just flip it: The flipped classroom in first-year library instruction

Receiving library instruction is essential for first-year students. In many colleges and universities, students enroll in an orientation-type class and receive library instruction. However, at Will...
How Do We Make Sense of the Thesis “ Bai (White) Ma (Horse) Fei (Is Not) Ma (Horse)”?

In this article, I introduce a new interpretation of the puzzling thesis “bai 白 (white) ma 馬 (horse) fei 非 (is not) ma 馬 (horse)” argued by Gongsun Long 公孫龍 in his essay “On White Horse (Bai Ma Lun 白馬論).” I argue that previous interpretations, which can be grouped under the name of “attribute-object interpretations,” are not satisfactory, and that the thesis on the new interpretation is not about attributes or objects, but about names. My argument focuses on the disagreement over inseparability of white (shou bai zhi zheng 守白之爭) between Gongsun Long and his interlocutor in the text of “On White Horse.” On my interpretation or the name interpretation, the disagreement is about whether constituents of a syntactically complex or multi-term name are separable or have their contextually independent meanings. Gongsun Long’s thesis makes perfect sense on my interpretation, and is supported by the text and other preserved texts collected in GongsunLong Zi 公孫龍子. The name interpretation can also make sense of some puzzling expressions of sophists in the classic period.