cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Annular swirling liquid layer with a hollow core

A thick turbulent annular liquid layer that swirls inside a fixed pipe is studied by means of surface observations and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in an index-matched nozzle facility. This flow combines the complexities of swirling and free-surface turbulence. The free surface of the layer changes the boundary condition compared to filled swirling pipes and introduces the equivalent of a hollow core. The liquid layer shares similarities with turbulent open-channel flows, with the high centrifugal force across the layer having a similar effect to that of gravity in channel flows. At the surface, the restoring forces are surface tension and centrifugal acceleration. The particular nozzle under study has been envisioned for inertial confinement fusion, but the flow has relevance to systems such as compact separators or liquid rocket fuel injectors. Data are acquired at five downstream locations from the nozzle exit for four Reynolds numbers for subcritical flows. Injection flow rate and fluid kinematic viscosity are controlled independently, which allows adjusting independently the Reynolds and Taylor–Reynolds numbers. This also enables control of the centrifugal force at the free surface to test the effects of turbulence intensity on the free surface in regimes where air entrainment and droplet ejection occur. The swirl number is fixed by the design of the nozzle. From velocimetry data, mean velocity and turbulence statistics are extracted. For all the conditions tested, three flow regimes are identified: developing, developed, and transitional. The developed regime appears self-similar on the mean; the swirl creates a favourable pressure gradient that sustains the axial flow and confines the boundary layer near the wall. Large coherent vortex structures are identified in the layer. A simple model is proposed to describe the layer thickness and the velocity distribution in it. In the transitional regime, helical varicose waves generated by centrifugal instability are observed on the surface. Additionally, wall effects are visible in the bulk of the flow, and the main flow features are large overturning motions.
Decentralized collaborative localization with deep GPS coupling for UAVs

GPS navigation in urban environments is prone to error sources such as multipath and signal blockage. However, if we consider several agents, it is highly likely that some agents have better localization capabilities due to different views of the sky, heterogeneity in sensors etc. Collaborative localization (CL) is a way to aid navigation in a multi-agent system. CL algorithms face challenges such as scalability, robustness to noisy sensor data and single point of failure, and operability despite limited inter-agent communication. In this paper, we present a decentralized collaborative localization algorithm which is asynchronous, applicable to sparsely communicating networks, and has minimal information exchange. Moreover, the proposed algorithm takes advantage of the variable visibility of the sky for different agents. We propose a methodology for relaying satellite information between agents to augment the set of visible satellites on each agent with virtual satellites, thereby providing more constraint equations to each agent. The methodology is based on coupling of agents' GPS measurements with range-only sensors and is applicable to multi-agent systems with these modalities. The proposed method is validated on real world dataset involving an aerial vehicle, ground agents, and several range-only sensors.
Myocardial Wall Rupture Following tPA Administration: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (P3.270)

Objective: To describe the presentation of myocardial wall rupture following tPA administration. Background: Although acute myocardial infarction (MI) was an exclusion criterion in the NINDS Alteplase (tPA) studies, recent MI is not listed as a contraindication to IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on the FDA label. It is, however, listed as a relative exclusion criterion in the current AHA stroke guidelines. Of primary concern are the possibilities that tPA may dislodge a ventricular thrombus, lead to post-MI pericarditis with hemorrhage, or result in cardiac lysis. Design/Methods: Case report with review of literature. Results: We report on a 69-year-old woman with recent MI who presented to an emergency department after sudden onset of left hemiparesis and dysarthria. She had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting two weeks prior. IV tPA was administered within 2.5 hours of symptom onset. Despite tPA, she had evidence of a significant right middle cerebral artery territory infarction on MRI. On hospital day 3, she developed dyspnea and pulmonary edema and was found to have pericardial effusion on a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). On hospital day 4, she developed bradycardia and hypotension; emergent TTE revealed pericardial tamponade with ventricular wall rupture. She died later that day from cardiogenic shock. Autopsy confirmed rupture of the myocardial wall. Currently, only 3 case reports describe myocardial wall rupture following tPA administration. Of these, only one report involved a patient with recent MI. Conclusions: Although the frequency of pericarditis, mural hemorrhage and subsequent myocardial rupture after MI is declining following PCI, clinicians should be mindful of this potential complication in tPA treated patients with recent MI. Further, cardiac wall rupture should be considered in patients who develop acute hypotension and bradycardia following tPA administration. The current literature is limited and insufficient to provide generalizable guidance on managing AIS patients with recent MI. Disclosure: Dr. Neu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lyerly has nothing to disclose.
Studies of some new phenomena of motion perception

Contrast modulation of a set of features in a Glass pattern invokes, under certain circumstances, the perception of motion in the absence of any physical displacements. The illusion is spatially limited to within about 10? and is governed by contrast relationships. We find that the detected motion in these situations is due to local computations the results of which can be integrated over retinal areas of more than 1°. The possible motion detection mechanisms are discussed within the framework of the Reichardt/Hassenstein and Marr/Ullman type of motion detectors.
Dihydroxyacetone Metabolism by Human Erythrocytes: Demonstration of Triokinase Activity and Its Characterization

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was found rapidly to enter human erythrocytes. When incubated with intact red cells, 14C-labeled DHA rapidly appeared in intermediate metabolites and in lactate. Crude hemolysates were found to phosphorylate DHA and glyceraldehyde (GA) but not glycerol. Fifty-fold purification of the phosphorlylating enzyme was achieved by removal of hemoglobin on CM-52 and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. During purification there was no change in the ratio of DHA to GA utilization. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6,6, a Km of 0.5 µ M for DHA, and a Km of 11 µ M for GA. With GA as substrate, the Km for (ATP-MG)2- complex was 1.45 m M , and no cooperative interaction was observed. With DHA as a substrate, cooperative interaction with respect to (ATP-Mg)2- complex was found with an n value of 1.4 and a K of 0.44 m M . At temperatures between 15° and 40°C, the enzyme activity gave a linear Arrhenius plot, with deviation from linearity at lower temperature levels. The activity of the enzyme was 0.151 ± 0.011 U/g Hb in five normal subjects, and only slightly increased levels were observed in a patient with marked reticulocytosis. The DHA-phosphorylating activity of erythrocytes is attributed to the activity of triokinase (ATP: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphotransferase; E.C.2.7.1. 28). Although DHA is rapidly cleared from blood after injection into rabbits, substantial metabolism is possible for a prolonged time after administration because of the very low Km of the enzyme for DHA. The capacity of red cells to utilize DHA may prove to be useful in the maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels during blood storage and in the in vivo manipulation of red cell 2,3-DPG levels.
Physical Factors Affecting Psychiatric Condition: A Proposal for A Future DSM

The advent of DSM III and DSM III-R has improved psychiatric nomenclature considerably in terms of precision and clarity (1-2). The multiaxial system has been very useful in educating nonpsychaitrists that psychiatric conditions often co-exist with medical conditions, or are secondary to them as in organic mental disorders. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists often encounter situations, however, for which there is no appropriate diagnostic entity in DSM III-R. While the diagnosis of Adjustment Disorder might be appropriate for some of these conditions, DSM III-R specifically excludes from the adjustment disorder any condition that has a duration of more than six months. Furthermore, DSM III-R excludes from adjustment disorders syndromes that meet the diagnostic criteria of other major psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders and anxiety disorders.
The Veridicality of Hypnotic, Visual Hallucinations

A visual hallucination is by definition a private event; the perception of objects or patterns of light which are not objectively present. Determining the veridicality of such reported experiences is no easy task, especially those elicited by hypnosis where role playing, conforming to the perceived expectations of the hypnotist etc. are common methodological problems. In an effort to circumvent this difficulty, we chose as a criterion of visual hallucination the occurrence of nystagmus when the subject hallucinated an optokinetic situation. Specifically the procedure consists in having the subject hallucinate a rotating drum on which alternate black and white stripes have been painted parallel to the axis of rotation. Viewing an actual drum of this kind elicits optokinetic nystagmus. This is an involimtary reflex which cannot be feigned or simulated at will. In a series of experiments reported in detail elsewhere[1,2], we found that the hypnotically induced hallucination of such a rotating drum is often accompanied by nystagmus. However, nystagmus occurs only in those subjects who describe their hallucinations as having a realness which approaches or equals the realness of perceptions aroused by actual visual stimuli.
Reevaluating the Fusobacterium Virulence Factor Landscape

Fusobacterium are Gram-negative, anaerobic, opportunistic pathogens involved in multiple diseases, including the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum being linked to the progression and severity of colorectal cancer. The global identification of virulence factors in Fusobacterium has been greatly hindered by a lack of properly assembled and annotated genomes. Using newly completed genomes from nine strains and seven species of Fusobacterium, we report the identification and correction of virulence factors from the Type 5 secreted autotransporter and FadA protein families, with a focus on the genetically tractable strain F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 23726 and the classic typed strain F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Within the autotransporters, we employed protein sequence similarity networks to identify subsets of virulence factors, and show a clear differentiation between the prediction of outer membrane adhesins, serine proteases, and proteins with unknown function. These data have defined protein subsets within the Type 5a effectors that are present in predicted invasive strains but are broadly lacking in passively invading strains; a key phenotype associated with Fusobacterium virulence. However, our data shows that prior bioinformatic analysis that predicted species of Fusobacterium to be non-invasive can indeed invade human cells, and that pure phylogenetic analysis to determine the virulence within this bacterial genus should be used cautiously and subsequently paired with experiments to validate these hypotheses. In addition, we provide data that show a complex interplay between autotransporters, MORN2 domain containing proteins, and FadA adhesins that we hypothesize synergistically contribute to host cell interactions and invasion. In summary, we report that accurate open reading frame annotations using complete Fusobacterium genomes, in combination with experimental validation of invasion, redefines the repertoire of virulence factors that could be contributing to the species specific pathology of multiple Fusobacterium induced infections and diseases.
Poisoning and Reactivation of Ortho-Parahydrogen Conversion Catalyst

Poisoning of the ortho-parahydrogen conversion catalyst by commercial hydrogen gas impurities and proper activation procedure has in the past caused considerable concern at hydrogen liquefaction installations across the country. Consequently, this study has investigated the permanent and temporary poisoning of the most effective conversion catalyst by methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, butyl mercaptan, and chlorine, and has determined the effect of varying time and temperature of activation on the final activity of this catalyst.
The Inverted Curve and Recession: A Hoax, When Will it End?

This paper shows that the chance that an inverted yield curve correctly predicts recession is less than 3.9%, and is not even statistically significant. For instance, on March 22nd, 2019, an inversion occurred and the Dow lost 460 points, yet, after about a month the Dow reached an all-time high. But why then do investors still see a linkage between inverted curve and recession? The behavior psychology research demonstrates that, for the majority, bad events (such as the 2007 inversion event) register stronger and longer than good events, remaining vivid in investors’ memory. During the March 22nd inversion of a few months ago, investors forgot that the yield curve has inverted many times without a subsequent recession, instead, they remembered the 2007 inversion associated with the Great Recession. Finally, we show that the strongest and best predictor for recession is the current GDP growth rate. Quote by Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach: “Even a stopped clock is right twice a day”.
Indicators of Militarism and Democracy in Comparative Context: How Militaristic Tendencies Influence Democratic Processes in OECD Countries 2010–2016

This paper is a comparative study of the problem of militarism and democracy, specifically the impact of the first on the second, in contemporary Western and similar societies such as 36 OECD countries over time as during the 2010–2016 period. The study first identifies the indicators of militarism and democracy and constructs by aggregating them their composite indexes. The study then provides cross-national data for militarism and democracy over time. It presents descriptive results and findings of a cross-sectional time-series analysis of militarism and democracy. The study infers that the findings vindicate the warning about the threat of militarism for democracy. The paper aims to contribute to better understanding and predicting how militarism and democracy relate, especially the first influences the second. It is a paper with a high originality in view of that comparative analyses of militarism and democracy are relatively scarce in the literature.
Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance among newly diagnosed, treatment-naive individuals at a county HIV clinic in Santa Clara County.

Abstract Introduction To our knowledge, HIV transmitted drug resistance (TDR) patterns have not been characterized specifically in Santa Clara County (SCC), California, one of the largest counties by population in the United States. Understanding TDR here will help improve antiretroviral therapy outcomes and prevent future transmission events. Material and methods This is a retrospective analysis of TDR among patients establishing care at a county HIV clinic at the Santa Clara Valley Health and Hospital System. We identified 206 treatment-naive individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV between 2006-2013. Using these individuals, we assessed the prevalence and temporal trends of total TDR and TDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). Results We identified a total TDR prevalence of 17.5% during 2006–2013 (7.3% NNRTI, 6.8% NRTI, 2.4% PI, 2.9% INSTI) with 1.9% exhibiting dual-class resistance. Total TDR prevalence initially ranged between 19.0-22.7% during 2006–2008 and decreased to within 10.5–16.2% during 2011–2013, though this decrease was not significant (p = 0.42). NRTI TDR decreased from 22.7% in 2006 to 5.3% in 2013 (p = 0.02), and NNRTI TDR appeared to fluctuate between 2.7-13.5% (p = 0.96). PI and INSTI TDR remained low, with noted E138A prevalence of 2.9%. Conclusions The prevalence of TDR was substantial among newly diagnosed, treatment-naive individuals establishing care at a SCC-based county HIV clinic from 2006 to 2013. This, along with the presence of transmitted mutations associated with INSTI resistance, warrants continued surveillance of TDR in SCC and use of baseline genotyping prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation.
A distributed analysis of lateral inflows in an Alaskan Arctic watershed underlain by continuous permafrost

Lateral inflows control the spatial distribution of river discharge, and understanding their patterns is fundamental for accurately modelling instream flows and travel time distributions necessary for evaluating impacts of climate change on aquatic habitat suitability, river energy budgets, and fate of dissolved organic carbon. Yet, little is known about the spatial distribution of lateral inflows in Arctic rivers given the lack of gauging stations. With a network of stream gauging and meteorological stations within the Kuparuk River watershed in northern Alaska, we estimated precipitation and lateral inflows for nine subcatchments from 1 July to 4 August,2013, 2014, and 2015. Total precipitation, lateral inflows, runoff ratios (area‐normalized lateral inflow divided by precipitation), percent contribution to total basin discharge, and lateral inflow per river kilometre were estimated for each watershed for relatively dry, moderate, or wet summers. The results show substantial variability between years and subcatchments. Total basin lateral inflow depths ranged 24‐fold in response to a threefold change in rainfall between dry and wet years, whereas within‐basin lateral inflows varied fivefold from the coastal plain to the foothills. General spatial trends in lateral inflows were consistent with previous studies and mean summer precipitation patterns. However, the spatially distributed nature of these estimates revealed that reaches in the vicinity of a spring‐fed surficial ice feature do not follow general spatial trends and that the coastal plain, which is typically considered to produce minimal runoff, showed potential to contribute to total river discharge. These findings are used to provide a spatially distributed understanding of lateral inflows and identify watershed characteristics that influence hydrologic responses.
Framing the Opioid Crisis: Do Racial Frames Shape Beliefs of Whites Losing Ground?

Context Although research has begun to examine perceptions of being on the losing side of politics, it has been confined to electoral politics. The context of health disparities, and particularly the opioid crisis, offers a case to explore whether frames that emphasize racial disadvantage activate loser perceptions and the political consequences of such beliefs. Methods White survey participants (N = 1,549) were randomized into three groups: a control which saw no news article, or one of two treatment groups which saw a news article about the opioid crisis framed to emphasize either the absolute rates of opioid mortality among whites or the comparative rates of opioid mortality among whites compared to blacks. Findings Among control group participants, perceiving oneself a political loser was unrelated to attitudes about addressing opioids, whereas those who perceived whites to be on the losing side of public health had a less empathetic response to the opioid crisis. The comparative frame led to greater beliefs that whites are on the losing side of public health, whereas the absolute frame led to more empathetic policy opinions. Conclusions Perceptions that one's racial group has lost ground in the public health context could have political consequences that future research should explore.
Synthetic route sourcing of illicit at home cannabidiol (CBD) isomerization to psychoactive cannabinoids using ion mobility-coupled-LC-MS/MS

This study focuses on the chemical route sourcing of illicitly produced Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) via the acid-catalyzed cannabidiol isomerization reaction. Each of the acid-catalyzed reactions used acids that are readily available for the general population such as battery acid, muriatic acid, and vinegar. After the acid-catalyzed isomerization was complete, an analysis using Liquid Chromatography-coupled-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)-coupled-ion mobility to confirm all synthetic impurities in the sample was conducted. The conducted chemical route sourcing allows law enforcement to be able to determine how CBD was converted to psychoactive cannabinoids. Specifically, 10-methoxy-THC, 11-hydroxy-THC, 11,5″-dihydroxy-Δ9-THC, and 5″-hydroxy-CBD were able to be used as indicators in the determination of the chemical route sourcing. Additionally, the ion mobility allowed for a rapid secondary separation of the psychoactive cannabinoids without the need for the long LC/MS analysis time.
Vector diffraction theory of light propagation through nanostructures

It is well known that “vector” diffraction theory needs to be invoked to describe the propagation of light through apertures having dimensions on the order of the wavelength of light. For regions close to the aperture, use of Kirchhoff boundary conditions in the aperture plane is invalid. The Hertz vector formalism provides a way to describe the diffraction of light beams through apertures having sizes ranging from half the wavelength of light to larger values. Here we will present a summary of the method used to calculate the distribution of all of the electromagnetic field components and a Poynting vector component at and near the plane of a single elliptical aperture.
6 – Spreading Planet

Publisher Summary Time and space provide the conceptual framework for interpreting events, entities, and phenomena that influence the Earth system. Moreover, geologic phenomena influence the evolution and extinction of species, creating wholesale changes in the ecosystems that characterize different eras of the Earth system. Along with their spatial dimensions, geological and ecological periods reveal the spectrum of dynamic processes that activate the Earth system. Earth is a blue planet covered mostly by oceans with a scattering of various land masses, which primarily occur in the northern hemisphere. The chapter explores that sea-floor spreading mechanism came with the discovery of mirror-image patterns of magnetic stripes on opposite sides of the 40,000 kilometer volcanic ridge that runs through the middle of the entire ocean. Evidence about sea-floor spreading is revealed by the increasing thickness and age of sedimentary deposits from the mid-ocean ridge toward the continental margins.
Empirical Constraints of Super-Galactic Winds at z >= 0.5

(Abridged) Under the hypothesis that MgII absorbers found near the minor axis of a galaxy originate in the cool phase of winds, we carry out a study to constrain the properties of large-scale outflows at redshift z >= 0.5 based on the observed relative motions of individual absorbing clouds with respect to the positions and orientations of the galaxies. We identify in the literature four highly inclined disk galaxies located within 50 kpc and with the minor axis oriented within 45 degrees of a background QSO sightline. Deep HST images of the galaxies are available for accurate morphologies of the galaxies. Echelle spectra of the QSO members are also available in public archives for resolving the velocity field of individual absorption clumps. Three galaxies in our sample are located at rho=8-34 kpc and exhibit strong associated MgII absorption feature with Wr(2796) >= 0.8 {\AA}. One galaxy, located at an impact parameters rho=48 kpc, does not show an associated MgII absorber to a 3-sigma limit of Wr(2796)=0.01{\AA}. Combining known inclination and orientation angles of the star-forming disks, and resolved absorption profiles of the associated absorbers at rho < 35 kpc, we explore the parameter space for the opening angle theta_0 and the velocity field of large-scale galactic outflows as a function of z-height, v(z). We find that the absorption profiles of the MgII doublets and FeII series are compatible with the gas being either accelerated or decelerated, depending on theta_0, though accelerated outflows are valid only for a narrow range of theta_0. Under an acceleration scenario, we compare the derived $v(z)$ with predictions from Murray et al. (2011) and find that if the gas is being accelerateted by the radiation and ram pressure forces from super star clusters, then the efficiency of thermal energy input from a supernova explosion is epsilon <= 0.01.
Interfaces in Protein Drug Delivery: Device Concern

Effective oral delivery is difficult for many protein drugs, as high-molecular-weight proteins do not easily cross the mucosal membrane and degradation in the gastrointestinal tract is common. Thus, alternative routes of delivery that often require delivery devices are utilized for administration of protein drug, including injection, inhalation, and implants. The protein may be in contact with the device surface during shipping and storage, as well as through delivery. Mechanical stresses on the protein, such as agitation, will increase the contact of the protein with the device surface, as well as with the air at the air/water interface, potentially leading to increased aggregation and reduced efficacy. In some cases, the device may be treated with lubricants that may also affect protein stability. The various stressors on proteins in devices will be discussed along with potential consequences and mitigation strategies.
Reduce Patient Treatment wait time in a Proton Beam Facility - A Gatekeeper Approach.

Patient wait time can negatively impact treatment quality in a proton therapy center, where multiple treatment rooms share one proton beam. Wait time increases patient discomfort that can lead to patient motion, dissatisfaction, and longer treatment delay. This study was to develop a patient call-back model that reduced patient wait while efficiently utilizing the proton beam. A “Gatekeeper” logic allowing therapists to adjust the time of a patient’s call-back to the treatment room was developed. It uses a two-pronged approach to minimize overlap of long treatment and the possibility of excessive wait in the queue to receive the proton beam. The goal was to reduce the maximum wait time to less than eight minutes per field for a four-room facility. The effectiveness of this logic was evaluated through simulation, and five scenarios were compared. Four scenarios implementing various levels of gatekeeper logic were compared with the original scenario without the logic. The best performing model provided a reduction of the maximum field wait by 26% and met the predefined goal. Adjusting call-back extended the treatment day length by an average of 6 min and a maximum of 12 min in total. The use of this gatekeeper logic significantly reduces patient field wait with minimal impact on treatment day length for a four-room proton facility. A sample interface that adopts this logic for therapists to make informed decision on patient call-back time is demonstrated.
High-Throughput Screening Identifies Ascorbyl Palmitate As a SIRT2 Deacetylase and Defatty-Acylase Inhibitor

Small-molecule inhibitors of the human sirtuin SIRT2 are being developed because of their therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Here, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify novel SIRT2 inhibitors using a fluorescent SIRT2 probe, 1-aminoanthracene (AMA). AMA has high fluorescence when bound to SIRT2, and its fluorescence reduces >10-fold when it is displaced from SIRT2 by other ligands. We used this property of AMA to screen a library of known bioactive compounds for SIRT2 binding and discovered two known pharmaceutical compounds that bind SIRT2 with Kd values in the low μM range, ascorbyl palmitate and pictilisib. Both compounds inhibit the deacetylase and defatty-acylase activities of SIRT2. While pictilisib has selectivity for SIRT2, ascorbyl palmitate also inhibits the enzymatic activities of SIRT1 and SIRT6. Finally, we show that ascorbyl palmitate inhibits SIRT2 deacetylase and defatty-acylase activities in cells, and SIRT2 inhibition by ascorbyl palmitate contributes to the cytotoxicity of the compound. Our work discovered novel SIRT2 deacylase inhibitors and presents a screening approach that can be applied on a larger scale.
Modulation of hyaluronan signaling as a therapeutic target in human disease.

Abstract The extracellular matrix is an active participant, modulator and mediator of the cell, tissue, organ and organismal response to injury. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan, an abundant glycosaminoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix, in many fundamental biological processes underpinning homeostasis and disease development. From this basis, emerging studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of strategies which target hyaluronan synthesis, biology and signaling, with significant promise as therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. This review summarizes the state of the art in this field and discusses challenges and opportunities in what could emerge as a new class of therapeutic agents, that we term “matrix biologics”.
Anomalous plasma: chiral magnetic effect and all that

Chiral anomalous effects in relativistic plasmas are reviewed. The essence of chiral separation and chiral magnetic effects is explained in simple terms. Qualitative differences between the two phenomena, both of which are triggered by background electromagnetic fields, are highlighted. It is shown how an interplay of the chiral separation and chiral magnetic effects could lead to a new collective plasma mode, called the chiral magnetic wave. It is argued that the chiral magnetic wave is overdamped in weakly interacting plasmas. Its fate in a strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma is less clear, especially in the presence of a superstrong magnetic field. The observational signatures of the chiral anomalous effects are discussed briefly.
Anne Frank's House

striving for comfort out of these depths seems reduced to a form. I can't claim to be satisfied with the conclusion to the poem. M?ntzer having failed, and seen his visions evaporate, struggles to articulate some meaning for his life. Always uneasy about what is real and what fantastic, he has driven through his doubt, accepted the "very clear things" as true, culminating in the rainbow at Frankenhausen. But now what does he be Ueve? Shrivelling that grandiose selfhood he fuses the Christian idea of eternal Ufe with a notion of the determined fulfillment of history and of progress. It is meant as a measured but also forced and iron assertion, de termined at least to triumph over doubt. He may be right. My own major reservation about the poem concerns the deUberation of pattern, imagery, and theme which Rodney Pybus so sensitively picks out. I am worried that such a method of writing a poem responds too closely to evolved modes of literary criticism and that the poem as a result is too en closed within its own genre. Ideally I should want (ambitiously) the poem to be some addition to our knowledge, and I beUeve that it is possible to speak meaningfully about history and politics in non-discursive ways. But the genre provides its own definitions and interests and so awards itself valueless self-sufficiency. I find it impossible not to feel this self-enclosure of the poem now as a constraint.
From generalized KYP lemma to engineering applications

This paper proposes a generalized version of the Kalman-Yakubovic-Popov (KYP) lemma that establishes the equivalence between a frequency domain inequality (FDI) and a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Our new result allows us to treat (semi)finite frequency ranges and possibly nonproper transfer functions. We study implications of this generalization, and develop an interface between the basic result and various engineering applications. Specifically, it is shown that our result allows us to solve a certain class of system design problems with multiple specifications on the gain/phase properties in several frequency ranges.
Do Labor Market Regulations Affect Labor Earnings in Ecuador

Although Ecuador may have the most cumbersome labor market regulations in Latin America, these are not a major source of segmentation of the labor market. The reason: the benefits mandated are fully fungible with wages. Ecuadorian labor costs are said to be high because of a large array of mandated benefits. But there are several reasons to doubt that labor market regulations, cumbersome as they are, are responsible for segmentation of the labor market, let alone slow growth and increased inequality. And available evidence on the regulations' impact on the labor market is not compelling, as MacIsaac and Rama show. Using the 1994 Living Standards Measurement Survey, they show that the impact of mandated benefits is mitigated by a reduction of the base earnings on which they are calculated. Therefore, Ecuador's labor regulations do raise take-home pay, but less than the vast number of benefits would suggest. The increase in labor costs induced by compliance with labor regulations is even smaller than the corresponding increase in take-home pay, because mandated benefits are not subject to social security contributions or payroll taxes. Despite mandated benefits, wage differentials between industries are comparable to those in Bolivia, a country otherwise similar to Ecuador, yet known to have flexible labor markets. Cumbersome as they are, Ecuador`s labor market regulations cannot be held responsible for most labor market segmentation. Compliance with these regulations is associated with significantly higher take-home pay only in the public sector and where trade unions are active - and it is unclear that merely changing the labor code would bring wages down in those two areas. And the most dramatic earnings gap, the one between jobs in agriculture and the rest of the economy, appears to be largely independent of either unions or labor laws. Drastically streamlining the labor laws would be welcome, but only moderate change should be expected from such a reform. This paper is a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department. The research was initiated in the context of a poverty assessment for Ecuador undertaken by Country Department III, Latin America and the Caribbean. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project The Impact of Labor Market Policies and Institutions on Economic Performance (RPO 680-96).
Accounting-Based Estimates of the Expected Rate of Return on Equity Capital

The reintroduction of the residual income valuation model by Ohlson and the development of the abnormal growth in earnings model by Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth (hereafter, OJ, 2001) have been the impetus for a burgeoning empirical literature that reverse-engineers these models to infer markets' expectations of the rate of return on equity capital. Keywords: equity capital; abnormal growth; the horizon; reverse engineering; residual income
Nutrient and Microbial Dynamics in Biosolids Amended Soils Following Rainfall Simulation

Municipal waste treatment plants are mandated by U.S. EPA to treat domestic wastewater prior to releasing it to receiving streams. The dewatering and high temperature drying processes at the plant are considered effective in reducing microbial contaminants in the waste. The resulting solid material (biosolid) is rich in nutrients that may serve as a value-added product for plant growth. In this study, we examined the nutrient value of biosolids, their potential biological and chemical risks that could result from surface application to two Mid-Atlantic soils: Bojac (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludult) and Cullen (clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludult). Soils were placed on tilt beds and packed to their respective bulk density. Biosolids were added at a rate of 2.24 Mg/ha equivalent and mixed with the top 5 cm of the soil bed. Simulated rain was applied at a rate of 65 mm h−1 for 45 minutes. Surface runoff and percolation water were collected and analyzed for elemental content, Escherichia coli ...
SORPTION KINETICS, THERMODYNAMICS AND REGENERATION FOR LIPID FEEDSTOCK DEACIDIFICATION USING A MIXED-BED ION-EXCHANGE RESIN

This research investigated adsorptive deacidification of lipid feedstocks using Dowex monosphere MR-450 UPW mixed-bed resin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The impact of temperature, mixing and feedstock moisture content on deacidification kinetics is reported. Resin reusability and deacidification of multiple feedstocks was examined. Our results demonstrated that deacidification using the resin followed Lagergren's pseudo first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 1.352/min under the most favorable reaction conditions (50C, 0% moisture content and 550 rpm mixing rate). Gibb's free energy of the reaction increased from −2.81 kJ/mol at 298 K to −12.17 kJ/mol at 323 K, demonstrating the impact of temperature on deacidification. Resin regeneration with methanol-based rinses resulted in at least 40% feedstock deacidification after three wash cycles. Collectively, our research results demonstrate the promise of using heterogeneous gel-type resins for deacidification of a wide range of feedstocks and edible oils with a high percentage of free fatty acid and/or impurities. Practical Applications Dowex monosphere MR-450 UPW mixed-bed gelular ion-exchange resin is effectively used for adsorptive deacidification of high fatty acid oils in the absence of alcohol at low reaction temperatures (<60C). The ion-exchange resin surfaces are regenerated with solvent washing and reused for deacidification over multiple cycles.
Ultra-high Dimensional Multiple Output Learning With Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit: Screening Approach

We propose a novel application of the Simultaneous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (SOMP) procedure to perform variable selection in ultra-high dimensional multiple output regression problems, which is the first attempt to utilize multiple outputs to perform fast removal of the irrelevant variables. As our main theoretical contribution, we show that the S-OMP can be used to reduce an ultra-high number of variables to below the sample size, without losing relevant variables. We also provide formal evidence that the modified Bayesian information criterion (BIC) can be used to efficiently select the number of iterations in the S-OMP. Once the number of variables has been reduced to a manageable size, we show that a more computationally demanding procedure can be used to identify the relevant variables for each of the regression outputs. We further provide evidence on the benefit of variable selection using the regression outputs jointly, as opposed to performing variable selection for each output separately. The finite sample performance of the S-OMP has been demonstrated on extensive simulation studies.
Expression of heat shock genes in hepatocytes is affected by age and food restriction in rats

The objective of this study was to determine how food restriction altered the age-related changes in the basal and heat-induced expression of heat shock genes (hsc70, grp78, and ubiquitin) by hepatocytes isolated from young (4 to 6 mo old) and old (26 to 28 mo old) male Fischer 344 rats. The basal levels of the mRNA transcripts for hsc70 and ubiquitin were similar for hepatocytes isolated from young and old rats fed with free access to the diet (control) or from rats fed a restricted diet (40% restriction of food intake). However, the induction of the mRNA transcripts for hsc70 and ubiquitin by a heat shock (42.5 degrees C for 30 min) was significantly higher for hepatocytes isolated from old rats fed the restricted diet compared with old rats fed with free access to the diet. The changes in hsc70 mRNA levels were paralleled by similar changes in hsc70 transcription by isolated nuclei; therefore, the greater induction of hsc70 expression by food restriction results from changes in the transcription of hsc70 gene. In contrast with hsc70 and ubiquitin, the basal levels of grp78 were reduced with age and by food restriction. Therefore, the effect of aging and food restriction on the basal and heat-induced expression of heat shock genes varies considerably from gene to gene.
Endogenous Sampling in the Statistics of Income Panel of Individual Returns

The Statistics of Income Panel of Individual Returns is a simple random sample of tax returns that is maintained by the University of Michigan as a part of the Ernst and Young Tax Research Database. Sampling errors during the period 1982-1984 resulted in the inclusion of 66 spurious returns in the Panel. These spurious returns were selected for the Individual Tax Model files, which are stratified random samples. Traditional estimators assume simple random sampling, so inferences about popUlation parameters based on Panel statistics are biased if the dependent variable is related to the stratification. This paper describes the sampling procedures and the impact these spurious returns have on the panel and suggests a weighting procedure that allows the retention of these returns in sample statistics.
Racial differences in treatment for breast cancer among black and white women in Atlanta

603 Background: Among women with breast cancer, Black women experience a disproportionate excess in mortality, a reflection of their marked poorer survival, which persists even within stage and age...
The Role of Macronuclear DNA Sequences in the Permanent Rescue of a Non-Mendelian Mutation in Paramecium Tetraurelia

The paramecium tetraurelia mutant called d48 has a complete copy of the A surface protein gene in its micronuclei, but lacks the A gene in the macronucleus. Previous experiments have shown that microinjection of a plasmid containing the entire A gene or a large portion of the gene into the macronucleus of d48 rescued the cell line after formation of a new macronucleus (autogamy). Here we show that several different regions of the A gene can rescue d48, but 100% of the activity cannot be localized to a single, defined region. Inversion of a sequence contained within an A gene plasmid had no measurable effect on rescue efficiency and co-injection of two different plasmids results in enhancement of rescue activity despite the non-contiguous form of the DNA sequences. Both these results suggest that no specific product (RNA or protein) with defined end points is made from the rescuing fragment. A unique restriction site was created in the A gene and used to demonstrate that the injected DNA does not serve as a direct template for the synthesis of the new macronuclear DNA. Models to explain the action of the injected DNA are discussed.
Mexican American Adolescents’ Profiles of Risk and Mental Health: A Person-Centered Longitudinal Approach

Although Mexican American adolescents experience multiple risk factors in their daily lives, most research examines the influences of risk factors on adjustment independently, ignoring the additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors. Guided by a person-centered perspective and utilizing latent profile analysis, this study identified Mexican American fifth graders' (N = 749) risk profiles based on family, peer, and socio-cultural risk factors and examined the relations of these risk profiles to mental health symptomatology in seventh grade. Results revealed three distinct profiles that differed quantitatively and qualitatively. Profiles were then linked to levels of mental health symptomatology, with youth in the highest risk profile displaying the most symptoms. Youth in two other risk profiles displayed lower levels. The findings suggest that Mexican American youth develop within distinct risk contexts that differ in their relations to adjustment. Such findings inform prevention/intervention efforts aimed at reducing mental health problems in adolescence.
Estimation of the pH gradient and donnan potential in de-energized heart mitochondria.

Abstract The transmembrane pH gradient maintained by nonrespiring, uncoupled heart mitochondria has been estimated using the distribution of methylamine and of 5,5-dimethyl-2, 4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) and compared with the ΔpH reported by the fluorescent probe 2,7-biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Under these conditions the protonmotive force approaches zero and the membrane potential (ΔΨ) should equal 59 ΔpH ( P. Mitchell and J. Moyle (1969) , Eur. J. Biochem. , 7 , 471–484). The ΔpH reported by DMO corresponds closely to that estimated by BCECF and is consistent with a Donnan potential of no greater than about −30 mV (interior negative) for nonenergized mitochondria in a sucrose medium. This potential appears to result from the presence of immobile negative charges in the matrix and is eliminated by addition of 10 to 25 m m KCl. Measurements of ΔpH using methylamine and of ΔΨ using the distribution of 42 K + in the presence of valinomycin result in an apparent overestimation of these parameters due to binding of these components to negative sites on the membrane. Increasing ionic strength decreases this contribution of surface potential, but significant binding can still be detected in 100 m m KCl. These studies suggest that 42 K + (or 86 Rb + ) is far from an ideal probe for measuring ΔΨ in respiring mitochondria and may significantly overestimate this parameter, especially in sucrose media.
Family Community Integration and Maternal Mental Health

While the majority of women with mental health problems (MHPs) are mothers, little is known about the community integration (CI) of these women and their children. Given that poorer mental health status has been linked with lower CI, CI has become a long standing goal of mental health policy. Data from a national survey examined the association of maternal mental health status with the physical, social, and psychological integration of families. After adjusting for sociodemographics, mothers with MHPs reported similar physical integration but less social and psychological integration. Interventions focused on improving social networks, scarce resources, and neighborhood safety are needed for families impacted by maternal MHPs.
Fatigue crack growth in epoxy/aluminum and epoxy/steel joints

Abstract The fatigue crack growth rate within epoxy/aluminum and epoxy/steel joints was evaluated as a function of a) type of surface pretreatment, b) water soak, c) fatigue cycle rate (Hz), d) adhesive thickness and e) type of epoxy adhesive. For both adherends, aluminum and steel, a significant improvement in the fatigue behavior was obtained by use of a mercaptoester coupling agent. After an 8-day, 57°C water soak, the metal surfaces which were pretreated with coupling agent (CA) or by phosphoric acid anodization (PAA) still resulted in cohesive failure, while the controls had higher crack growth rate and showed greater scatter. The room-temperature cure matrix with CA-treated aluminum showed a less dramatic improvement, probably because of a known difference in the application procedure. For the steel joints and room-temperature adhesive the improvement in the fatigue behavior of CA-treated samples was maintained after the 8-day hot water soak. No significant change was found in the fatigue crack grow...