cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of volatile anesthetics isoflurane and enflurane in mouse brain tissues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract Introduction: A method for determination of the volatile anesthetics, isoflurane, and enflurane in mouse brain tissues using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is described. Methods: Halothane was used as internal standard (I.S.). Brain samples were completely homogenized in ice-cold water and isoflurane, enflurane, and I.S. were extracted with headspace. One milliliter of headspace gas was injected onto the GC-MS and separation was achieved by using porous layer open tubular (PLOT) capillary column with a solid stationary phase (GSC). As a result, isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane were cleanly separated. Results: The method demonstrated satisfactory recovery (72% and 76% for isoflurane and enflurane, respectively) and linear calibration ranges of 0.015–2.20 and 0.0152–3.94 μg/sample for isoflurane and enflurane, respectively. Reproducibility calculated as CV% was 3.3–3.9% for all intraday and interday determinations. The procedure was applied for quantitation of isoflurane and enflurane in about 300 mouse brain samples for genetic behavioral study. Discussion: The method was achieved and shown to be effective.
A fast Western blot procedure improved for quantitative analysis by direct fluorescence labeling of primary antibodies

The procedures for Western blots have been around for a long time and recent developments have increased the sensitivity for luminescent techniques so that the need for radioactive probes has been limited to only a few applications. Nevertheless, most protocols require more than 6 h and are often performed over more than a day. The majority of techniques require a secondary antibody conjugated to an enzyme that catalyzes a color reaction in order to amplify a detectable signal. However, both processes, the binding of a secondary antibody and the catalyzed reaction with the dye, are sources for errors and the latter is disadvantageous for a signal that is linear over a larger range of detected antigen. In order to improve the procedure most commonly used for quantitative analysis and convenience, we investigated the use of fluorescence labeling of primary monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli RNA polymerase subunits (β′, σE and σFecI) and their use in Western blots. We achieved a sensitivity (<1 ng detectable protein) comparable to most luminescent techniques. Additionally, we reduced the procedure time significantly to less than 1 h after SDS-PAGE and transfer to a membrane. Above all, we obtained a linear signal over the range of 30 ng to 1 μg of protein (dependent on protein size) making quantitative analysis of Western blots easier and more reliable.
Phenotypic interconversion of B16 melanoma clonal cell populations: relationship between metastasis and tumor growth rate.

Three distinct dissemination-related phenotypes have been recognized in clones of the mouse B 16 melanoma based on in vivo behavior: metastatic (spontaneously disseminating to the lungs from solid tumors), colonizing (capable of forming tumor colonies in the lungs following intravenous injection), and null (tumorigenic but non-metastatic and non-colonizing). From a progenitor null clone, G3, subclones that became phenotypically diversified in vitro (metastatic G3.5 and null G3.15) and in vivo (metastatic G3.12 and colonizing G3.26) were derived. During long-term culturing, G3 cells became metastatic and then lost that activity, G3.5 and G3.12 cells gradually lost metastatic activity, and G3.26 cells became slightly metastatic and non-colonizing. Subclone G3. I5 became highly metastatic after a single subcutaneous (s. c.) tumor passage. In aged mice, and in young mice injected with incompletely-tumorigenic cell doses, G3 and G3.26 s. c. tumors were metastatic, but cells cultured from those tumors or metastases were non-metastatic when tested in young mice at standard highly-tumorigenic cell doses. The behavior of G3.5 and G3.12 tumors was not altered in aged mice or when tumors were initiated with small cell inocula. Analysis of growth characteristics associated with these phenotypic interconversions indicated that lung-colonizing potential was directly related to the ability of the cells to grow as multicell colonies in 0.3% agar, and that metastatic activity was expressed by tumors that grew at moderate rates. In young mice receiving standard cell doses, G3.5 and G3.12 tumors inherently grew at that rate, whereas G3 and G3.26 tumors grew more rapidly and G3.15 tumors grew more slowly. Regardless of inherent phenotype, all clones were capable of expressing metastatic activity, at least transiently, as tumor growth was altered to moderate rates. Expression of metastatic behavior might, therefore, be regulated to some extent by tumor growth characteristics.
Electrophysiology of guinea-pig cerebellar nuclear cells in the in vitro brain stem-cerebellar preparation

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from cerebellar nuclear neurones in the isolated brain stem-cerebellar preparation of guinea-pigs in vitro. The electrical properties of the cells were quite similar to those reported in in vitro slice studies. They had an average resting potential of -56.7 +/- 1.8 mV, an input resistance of 23.8 +/- 4.9 M omega, and a time constant of 12.5 +/- 2.7 ms. The action potentials had an average amplitude of 57.3 +/- 5.28 mV (n = 20). 2. In addition to the ionic mechanisms required for the generation of the fast action potential, cerebellar nuclear neurones displayed a low-threshold Ca2+-dependent spike which produced a powerful rebound excitation following anodal break. This type of electroresponsiveness was absent in the slice preparation. 3. The anodal break response was further enhanced by the presence of a non-inactivating Na+ conductance similar to that described in Purkinje cells. 4. Following electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex or the underlying white matter, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (EPSP-IPSP sequences) could be recorded in cerebellar nuclear neurones. The EPSPs were elicited by direct activation of collaterals of mossy or climbing fibre afferents. The IPSPs followed direct or orthodromic Purkinje cell activation. 5. The integrity of the olivo-cerebellar system was tested by the administration of harmaline which produced powerful EPSP-IPSP sequences or pure IPSPs in cerebellar nuclear neurones. These IPSPs were often followed by a rebound firing of the cells. 6. These results indicate that the olivo-cerebellar pathway, in addition to its activation of the cerebellar cortex, exerts a powerful and complex set of synaptic events on cerebellar nuclear cells. As such it is a true afferent system, having a distinct role in cerebellar physiology.
A critique of the collaborative cytogenetics study to measure and minimize interlaboratory variation

A statistical reanalysis was performed on the data fecently reported on a 6-laboratory, collaborative cytogenetic study to measure and minimize interlaboratory variation. Three of the laboratories had mean values significantly different from the others on most of the 6 indexes of chemically-induced aberration; one laboratory with values higher and two with values lower. Furthermore, relative variability of the values around the means was consistently lower in one of the 6 participating laborabories. The results of the reanalysis of this collaborative study demonstrates that significant interlaboratory differences exist and that these should be adjusted or diminished before rat cytogenetic analysis can be an effective test system for evaluation of a compound for mutagenic potential.
Dimensional analysis of the distal phalanx with consideration of distal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis using a headless compression screw

Headless compression screws have been used for arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint with good clinical results. However, some distal phalanges are too small, thus precluding their use, or increasing complication rates. In order to validate our digital measurements, radiographs of five cadaveric hands were obtained. The distal phalanges of these fingers were measured using our institution’s digital radiograph software. The cadavers were then dissected, and the actual phalanges were measured to confirm the accuracy of the digital measurements; 200 consecutive hand radiographs were then measured to obtain average width and heights of the narrowest measurements of the distal phalanx of each finger. Subgroup analysis of each finger for age and gender was completed. Females were routinely smaller than their male counterparts. No age-related differences were seen. A substantial number of fingers were found to be too small to allow for use of headless compression screws; 42 % of small finger distal phalanges are too small to accommodate 2.8-mm threads, and that number increases to 81 % with 3.2-mm threads and 97 % with 3.5-mm threads. Few distal phalanges, regardless of which finger, are large enough to accommodate 3.5-mm-diameter threads; 22% of female ring finger distal phalanges are smaller than 2.8 mm, and 66 % of ring fingers are smaller than 3.2 mm. Based on our measurements, a surprising number of distal phalanges are smaller than the trailing thread diameter of commonly commercially available headless screws. Care must be taken in selecting implants for distal interphalangeal (DIP) fusion.
A discrete, size-structured model of microbial growth and competition in the chemostat

A nonlinear matrix model of a size-structured microbial population growing on a scarce nutrient in a chemostat, derived by Gage et al. [6], is modified to include two competing populations. It is shown that competitive exclusion results. The winner is the population able to grow at the lower nutrient concentration.
Wireless yarn tension measurement, and control in direct cabling process

An online yarn tension sensing and control device has been designed and developed. The system was specifically devised for use in a direct cabling machine, wherein yarn tension in the spindle or pot yarn is highly critical and dictates the uniformity of the cabled yarn. Since a balloon formed by the creel yarn always encompasses the pot yarn in a direct cabling machine, yarn tension measurement using a wired sensor is far-fetched. Accordingly, a wireless yarn tension sensor was developed to address this problem and perform online yarn tension measurement. The wireless sensor can be used as an active monitoring tool for measuring online yarn tension in both component yarns, while the closed loop control system replaces passive yarn brakes used in the current direct cabling machines and executes a control mechanism that can control yarn tension adaptively. The device uses Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology with radio frequency (RF) transmission to effectively carry out dynamic online measure...
War and trees: the destruction and replanting of the urban and peri-urban forest of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract The early-1990s’ war in former Yugoslavia led to severe damage to the urban and peri-urban forests of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Siege of Sarajevo (April 1992–March 1996), after the energy supplies to the city had been cut off, over three-quarters of all urban trees and nearly all peri-urban trees within the siege line were cut down for firewood by the desperate residents. After the war, the city trees were quickly and effectively replanted, and Sarajevo provides a useful case study of urban forest recovery. This study presents the observations and measurements, of trees that survived the war and the trees planted after the war, made in Sarajevo in May 2008. We summarize the lessons learned from the Sarajevo experience, regarding both damage and replanting, which include the close relationship between the urban tree damage and the specifics of military operations, the importance of the initial planting stock, and the advantages of collaboration between academic researchers and urban forest managers.
Subcellular localization of tbe tRNA processing enzyme, tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in somatic cells

Earlier studies of the tRNA processing enzyme, tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, in rat liver cells suggested that the enzyme was absent from nuclei, whereas more recent studies with tRNA transcription-processing systems from Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that the enzyme was present in germinal vesicles of these cells. In order to resolve this apparent discrepancy, the subcellular localization of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase in oocytes was directly determined, and its distribution in somatic cells was re-examined. Oocyte germinal vesicles, isolated manually, contained about 25% of the total tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity of the cell, but the enzyme rapidly leaked out of these nuclei during storage. In contrast, purified nuclei isolated from rat or Xenopus liver using a variety of aqueous procedures were devoid of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity. Since rapidly-isolated, crude nuclear preparations from liver contained substantially more of the enzyme than could be accounted for by cytoplasmic contamination, it appears that the enzyme leaks out of the somatic cell nuclei during the lengthy times required for their purification. The implications of these results for the development of tRNA processing systems from somatic cell nuclei are discussed.
Citrobacter Infection and Wnt signaling.

Gut flora generally contributes to a healthy environment, but both commensal and pathogenic bacteria that influence the innate and adaptive immune responses can cause acute and/or chronic mucosal inflammation. Citrobacter rodentium is a member of the family of enteropathogens that provide an excellent in vivo model to investigate host–pathogen interactions in real time. It is the etiologic agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, and inflammation following C. rodentium infection is dependent upon the genetic background. Ongoing and completed studies in this model have established that Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways regulate colonic crypt hyperplasia, whereas epithelial–stromal cross talk, mediated by MEK/ERK/nuclear factor κB signaling, regulates inflammation and/or colitis in susceptible strains. The C. rodentium-induced hyperplastic state also increases the susceptibility to either mutagenic insult or in mice heterozygous for the Apc gene. The ability to modulate the host response to C. rodentium infection therefore provides an opportunity to delineate the mechanisms that determine mucosal hyperplasia, intestinal inflammation, and/or neoplasia as disease outcomes.
47 Small for gestational age infants at risk for prolonged hypoglycemia

Abstract PURPOSE: Hypoglycemia is a common problem in the small for gestational age (SGA) infant. Infants with hypoglycemia beyond the first few days of life may be at increased risk for adverse outcome. This group of infants is not well described. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and duration of prolonged hypoglycemia in a population of SGA infants and to identify risk factors for the development of prolonged hypoglycemia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of SGA infants (BW ⩽10th %tile ) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Infants with hypoglycemia (blood glucose ⩽ 40 mg/dl) at ⩾ 72 days of life were identified. A case-control study nested within the cohort was used to define infant and maternal risk factors for the occurrence of prolonged episodes of hypoglycemia. Infants were matched on gestational age. Multivariable analysis was used for risk factor identification. RESULTS: 249 infants met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The incidence of prolonged hypoglycemia was 8%. Eleven cases were born at rd %tile vs. 3–10 th %tile) and infant thrombocytopenia (platelet count CONCLUSION: We conclude the incidence of prolonged hypoglycemia in this population of SGA infants is clinically significant. Infants with the most severe growth retardation and early thrombocytopenia are at increased risk. Early identification of these infants will optimize monitoring and therapy potentially resulting in fewer episodes of hypoglycemia.
Preparation and Reactions of Aliphatic 2‐Pentafluorosulfanyl Aldehydes

A facile preparation of aliphatic 2-pentafluorosulfanyl aldehydes is described. To investigate the utility of the aldehydes as synthetic building blocks, various transformations of the aldehydes were explored. The pentafluorosulfanyl group was stable under a variety of reaction conditions, and the pentafluorosulfanylated products were obtained in moderate to good yields in most cases.
Web services: Design choices for space ground system integration

The primary role of a ground system in the design of a space ground network is to exchange information between the space fleet and the end users. In order to maintain secure, reliable communications and provide situational awareness, a ground system needs to choreograph services between heterogeneous interfaces of various key elements in the ground system architecture. The choice of Service Oriented Architecture and Web Services provides a cost effective and scalable solution to integrate disparate software elements of the ground system. The two major concepts in web service technology are SOAP and REST. While SOAP is a protocol to transfer information between two end points, REST principles concentrate on representing resource state information using resource identifiers. The paper discusses merits and de-merits of each approach in the integration of a space ground system's heterogeneous interfaces. The paper starts with the large grain description of a typical space ground system, followed by a discussion of SOAP and REST principles. A comparison of SOAP and REST based approaches in the design and integration of a ground system is discussed. Finally the paper concludes with a discussion of recent trends in the techniques of web services.
Bioinspired Computational Framework for Enhancing Creativity, Optimality, and Robustness in Design

This paper presents results of transdisciplinary research on the development of a bioinspired computational framework for engineering design. This framework is intended to support design by addressing three critical design objectives, including novelty, optimality, and robustness. It provides several computational models and methods, which are inspired by fundamental processes occurring in nature, and discusses their potential for enhancing design. They include models and methods for evolutionary, developmental, and coevolutionary design. Their use is illustrated with examples from the area of steel structural design ranging from a simple cantilever beam design problem to a much more complex problem of designing wind bracings in tall buildings. The paper also shows how several methods and models can be integrated and form a coherent bioinspired computational framework for engineering design.
Detection of Ras GTPase protein radicals through immuno-spin trapping.

Abstract Over the past decade immuno-spin trapping (IST) has been used to detect and identify protein radical sites in numerous heme and metalloproteins. To date, however, the technique has had little application toward nonmetalloproteins. In this study, we demonstrate the successful application of IST in a system free of transition metals and present the first conclusive evidence of • NO-mediated protein radical formation in the HRas GTPase. HRas is a nonmetalloprotein that plays a critical role in regulating cell-growth control. Protein radical formation in Ras GTPases has long been suspected of initiating premature release of bound guanine nucleotide. This action results in altered Ras activity both in vitro and in vivo. As described herein, successful application of IST may provide a means for detecting and identifying radical-mediated Ras activation in many different cancers and disease states in which Ras GTPases play an important role.
PEROXIDASE, HEMATIN, AND PEGYLATED-HEMATIN CATALYZED VINYL POLYMERIZATIONS IN WATER

Horseradish peroxidase-, hematin- and pegylated-hematin mediated polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate and sodium acrylate in water is reported. Molecular weight and yields were influenced by the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and initiator, 2,4-pentanedione. Hematin and pegylated-hematin were studied in lieu of peroxidase at pH 11.0 and 7.0 in aqueous solution, respectively. Polymer with a high molecular weight (Mn = 223,520) was formed when the pegylated-hematin was used as the catalyst. The results demonstrate vinyl polymerizations in an all aqueous process in high yield and molecular weight catalyzed by peroxidase as well as biomimetic catalysts.
Sensory innervation of the cat knee articular capsule and cruciate ligament visualised using anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin–horseradish peroxidase

Wheat germ agglutinin–horseradish peroxidase conjugate (WGA–HRP) was injected into the dorsal root ganglia (L5–S1) of the cat and used as an anterograde tracer substance for intra-axonal labelling of peripheral nerve endings in joint capsule and cranial (anterior) cruciate ligament (CCL). We believed that the high specificity of WGA–HRP for neural tissue along with the high visibility of its reaction product could help resolve controversies concerning the sensory innervation of the cruciate ligaments. Substantial amounts of WGA–HRP were transported in tibial nerve axons to the level of the knee. However, using standard HRP histochemistry we found that the capsular tissue and ligament synovia disintegrated during the incubation reaction. This problem was avoided by air drying the tissue slices on glass slides prior to reaction. Abundant labelling occurred in the posterior capsule with dense filling of axons and terminal endings. Sensory endings displayed features consistent with Ruffini endings and pacinian corpuscles. Sensory endings were located throughout the CCL in its sagittal plane, in the subsynovial layers and between collagen fascicles. In each CCL we observed 5–17 ovoid and elongated endings with dense terminal arborisations. These endings were between 100 and 150 μm long, were encapsulated, and gave rise to 1 or 2 axons. Large (up to 1.5 mm in maximum extent) elongated regions of dense, inhomogeneous labelling were found in the body of several CCLs. These resembled Golgi tendon-like endings, with the exception of their large size. We conclude that anterograde transport of HRP to the knee is a useful technique for labelling mechanoreceptors and axons in knee tissue. However, recently developed immunohistochemical analysis of peripheral tissue using protein gene product 9.5 appears to be the method of choice and should be employed for further study of human and animal cruciate ligament innervation.
Intermediate moduli spaces of stable maps

We describe the Chow ring with rational coefficients of \(\overline{M}_{0,1}(\mathbb{P}^n,d)\) as the subring of invariants of a ring \(B^*(\overline{M}_{0,1}(\mathbb{P}^n,d);\mathbb{Q})\), relative to the action of the group of symmetries Sd. We compute \(B^*(\overline{M}_{0,1}(\mathbb{P}^n,d);\mathbb{Q})\) by following a sequence of intermediate spaces for \(\overline{M}_{0,1}(\mathbb{P}^n,d)\).
IL-1ra alleviates inflammatory hyperalgesia through preventing phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR-1 subunit in rats

Although it has been shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) facilitate perception of noxious inputs at the spinal level, the mechanisms have not been understood. This study determined the cell type that produces IL-1beta, the co-localization of IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) and Fos and NR1 in the spinal cord, and the effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on NR1 phosphorylation and hyperalgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Phosphorylation of NR1, an essential subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), is known to modulate NMDAR activity and facilitate pain. Hyperalgesia was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.08ml, 40microg Mycobacterium tuberculosis) into one hind paw of each rat. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was tested before CFA (-48h) for baseline and 2 and 24h after CFA to assess hyperalgesia. IL-1ra was given (i.t.) 24h before CFA to block the action of basal IL-1beta and 2h prior to each of two PWL tests to block CFA-induced IL-1beta. Spinal cords were removed for double immunostaining of IL-1beta/neuronal marker and IL-1beta/glial cell markers, IL-1RI/Fos and IL-1RI/NR1, and for Western blot to measure NR1 phosphorylation. The data showed that: (1) astrocytes produce IL-1beta, (2) IL-1RI is localized in Fos- and NR1-immunoreactive neurons within the spinal dorsal horn, and (3) IL-1ra at 0.01mg/rat significantly increased PWL (P<0.05) and inhibited NR1 phosphorylation compared to saline control. The results suggest that spinal IL-1beta is produced by astrocytes and enhances NR1 phosphorylation to facilitate inflammatory pain.
Rechargeable Antibacterial and Antifungal Polymeric Silver Sulfadiazines

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based rechargeable antibacterial and antifungal polymeric silver sulfadiazines were prepared by copolymerizing acryloyl sulfadiazine with methyl methacrylate and sequentially treating the copolymers with dilute silver nitrate aqueous solutions. The chemical structures of the samples were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, XPS, and TGA analyses. On contact, the PMMA-based polymeric silver sulfadiazines provided 100% inactivation of 108—109 CFU/mL of Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) in 10 min, and Candida tropicalis (yeast) in 30 min. Kirby—Bauer test data indicated that the antibacterial and antifungal effects were achieved through contact kill; no silver ions leached out of the new copolymers. The antibacterial and antifungal functions were stable for at least 12 months under normal storage conditions. Silver nitrate treatments regenerated any lost of antibacterial and antifungal activity; this recharging can be repe...
WebAnywhere: a screen reader on-the-go

People often use computers other than their own to access web content, but blind users are restricted to using only computers equipped with expensive, special-purpose screen reading programs that they use to access the web. Web-Anywhere is a web-based, self-voicing web browser that enables blind web users to access the web from almost any computer that can produce sound without installing new software. The system could serve as a convenient, low-cost solution for blind users on-the-go, for blind users unable to afford a full screen reader and for web developers targeting accessible design. This paper overviews existing solutions for mobile web access for blind users and presents the design of the WebAnywhere system. WebAnywhere generates speech remotely and uses prefetching strategies designed to reduce perceived latency. A user evaluation of the system is presented showing that blind users can use Web-Anywhere to complete tasks representative of what users might want to complete on computers that are not their own. A survey of public computer terminals shows that WebAnywhere can run on most.
ON REFINED THEORIES OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES

A review of the developments in the displacement-based theories of plates is presented. It is shown that many of the third-order theories reported in the literature are based on the same or equivalent displacement field, and are thus lead to the same results. A strain-consistent third-order theory is presented, which contains most existing third-order plate theories as special cases. The layer-wise laminate plate theory proposed by the author is also reviewed. The accuracy of the theories is evaluated by comparing the numerical solutions with those of the three-dimensional elasticity theory.
Scanning electron microscopy of barley protoplasts

Scanning electron micrographs of barley protoplasts were compared using various preparatory techniques. Numerous features were observed which turned out to be artifactual characteristics of the processing procedure used in collecting and dehydrating the samples. The most successful technique gave protoplasts which presumably maintained their natural structural integrity, as judged by retention of sphericity and absence of holes in the plasma membrane. The relative numbers of fragmented protoplasts and cellular organelles was also greatly reduced.
Association of ALOX5AP with ischemic stroke: a population-based case-control study

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP) has been reported to demonstrate linkage and association with ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. However, replication studies have been conflicting and to date, a significant proportion of blacks have not been studied. We prospectively recruited cases of ischemic stroke from all 16 hospitals in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region and demographically matched them to stroke-free population-based controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected based on association with ischemic stroke in prior studies. Allelic, genotypic and haplotypic association testing was performed using HAPLOVIEW. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for the presence of traditional risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and smoking. A total of 357 cases and 482 controls were genotyped. The SNPs, rs9579646 and rs4769874 were found to be significantly associated at both allelic (P = 0.019 and P < 10−4, respectively) and genotypic level with ischemic stroke among whites after correction for multiple testing. Haplotype association was identified with ischemic stroke as well as ischemic stroke subtypes among whites. Although an overall haplotype association with ischemic stroke was identified among blacks no evidence of association among individual haplotypes, alleles or genotypes were observed. Allele frequencies for the SNPs examined were markedly different among whites and blacks. In conclusion, we report significant association of variants of ALOX5AP with ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke subtypes among whites. No significant association was identified among blacks.
Implicit and self-attributed dependency strivings: differential relationships to laboratory and field measures of help seeking.

D. C. McClelland, R. Koestner, and J. Weinberger (1989) argued that self-report tests assess self-attributed needs (i.e., motives that are openly acknowledged by the actor), whereas projective tests assess implicit needs (i.e., motives that affect behavior without conscious awareness on the actor's part). The present studies examined the effects of implicit and self-attributed dependency strivings on laboratory and field measures of help seeking. In Study 1, college students were prescreened with widely used objective and projective dependency tests, then underwent an information manipulation designed to influence their attention to dependency-related issues. As expected, dependency status and information condition interacted to predict help-seeking behavior. Study 2 used experience-sampling procedures to demonstrate that implicit and self-attributed dependency needs differentially predict direct and indirect help seeking in vivo.
Helicobacter pylori: microbiology of a ‘slow’ bacterial infection

play a critical and necessary role in the pathogenesis of this inflammation (reviewed in Ref. 2), and thus are pathogens of humans. Consequences of chronic H. pylori infection Most infected persons suffer no clinical manifestations of the inflammation induced by this bacterium 3. Nevertheless, the chronic inflammatory process has been linked with peptic ulceration and gastric cancer, two of the most important diseases of the upper gastro- intestinal tract. We now know that for 'idiopathic' peptic ulceration of the duodenum and the stomach,
High Glucose Increases [Ca 2+ ] i through an Increased Expression of T-Type Ca 2+ Channels in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

High Glucose Increases [Ca 2+ ] i through an Increased Expression of T-Type Ca 2+ Channels in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes
Retrieval dynamics for rote and visual image mnemonics

Retrieval dynamics in recognition memory for paired-associates learned by rote repetition or visual imagery mnemonics are studied with the response signal method of Reed ( Science , 1973 , 181 , 574–576). In testing, subjects are cued to make a yes-no pair-recognition response at a variable time interval after onset of an A-B test pair. Speed accuracy tradeoff curves are generated by plotting recognition accuracy as a function of processing time. The use of visual imagery resulted in higher asymptotic accuracy as expected, but somewhat slower retrieval dynamics initially. Repeated testing of the learned pairs speeded retrieval in the imagery condition but not in the rote condition. General practice in the task did not affect retrieval dynamics.
Experimental and theoretical studies of donor-acceptor scintillation from PbI2

We report on the scintillation properties of undoped PbI2, and PbI2 doped with La, Cu, Ag, and Te. X-ray luminescence spectra were recorded at 7 K and the time responses for 80 ps pulses of X-rays were recorded from 14 K to 150 K. Samples were irregularly shaped crystal pieces that ranged from 300 to 1000 mm in size. We found that at 14 K the undoped samples had a fast emission at 520 nm (0.18 eV below the band edge) and a total light output of about 40,000 photons/MeV. 10% of this light appears in the first ns, which is 5 times greater than LSO and 1.5 times greater than LaBr3:Ce. 50% of the light appears in the first 100 ns. The luminosity decreased dramatically as the temperature was increased above 40 K, consistent with a non-radiative path that has an activation energy of 3.8 meV. Doping with the donor La 3 þ only slightly changed these scintillation properties. Doping with the donor La 3 þ and the deep acceptors Cu þ ,A g þ , and Te 2– produced primarily slow donor–acceptor emissions at peak wavelengths of 605, 653, and 800 nm, respectively. The luminosity of the samples doped with La 3 þ and Cu þ depended strongly on the La 3 þ concentration, demonstrating its role as an electron donor. First-principles band structure calculations showed (1) that the donor level depth of an isolated iodine vacancy is about 0.8 eV, too deep to explain the 520 nm emission wavelength, and (2) that a donor– acceptor pair consisting of a spatially associated iodine vacancy donor and a lead vacancy acceptor has shallower donor and acceptor depths that are consistent with the 520 nm emission wavelength.
Decay of a two-level atom

We have reexamined the two-level atom with decay from the excited state out of the system and have noticed a rather surprising result. The intuitive exponential decay of the ground state at the damping rate of the excited state is actually reduced substantially when this damping rate is much greater than the Rabi frequency between the two states.
Auxiliary liver transplantation: a negative viewpoint.

Auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation is theoretically attractive because it leaves the recipient's liver in place. The surgical trauma of hepatectomy is avoided, and failure of the graft does not necessarily lead to the death of the patient or a second, emergency transplantation. Another advantage is that matching the body sizes of the donor and the recipient is not mandatory, which increases the number of possible donors. However, previous clinical results of auxiliary liver transplantation have been poor. We performed auxiliary partial liver transplantation in six consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease who were not accepted for orthotopic liver transplantation because they had massive ascites, deficient clotting function, cachexia, or poor pulmonary reserve. The donor liver was transplanted to the right subhepatic region after removal of segments II and III, and it was provided with portal and arterial blood. There were no major changes in hemodynamic measurements during surgery. The mean hospital stay after transplantation was 22.7 days (range, 14 to 29). After a mean follow-up period of 14 months (range, 5 to 23), all patients were alive, with good graft function as demonstrated by scintigraphy, Doppler ultrasonography, and synthesis of clotting factors. From these observations we conclude that auxiliary partial liver transplantation is an attractive alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation in high-risk patients. Its role in other patients who need liver transplants remains to be defined.
The Role of Provocation in Workplace Violence: Reviewing Published Arbitration Cases

Workplace violence has become a major concern for employers and their managers. Because of the serious legal liabilities associated with workplace violence and the costly disruptions such behavior ...
Internal and external transport significance for predicting contaminant uptake rates in passive samplers

A critical element in the application of passive sampling devices for estimating in situ the concentrations of contaminants in pore water of sediments is predicting the rate of uptake within the device. Herein, we demonstrate the relative importance of internal and external mass transport processes for sampling devices and show that external processes control the kinetics in many instances. As such uptake rates are closely related to the surface area to volume ratio of the sampling device and site-specific transport conditions. Models based on sorption-related molecular diffusion provide an upper bound on equilibrium times. The essential model parameters and corresponding kinetics at a site with more substantial mixing can be inferred using time series of sampler concentrations, concentrations in samplers with different geometry, or concentrations of performance reference compounds.
Cytoplasmic localization of nucleophosmin in bone marrow blasts of acute myeloid leukemia patients is not completely concordant with NPM1 mutation and is not predictive of prognosis

BACKGROUND: Nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene mutations are reported to predict a favorable prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Aberrant cytoplasmic localization of nucleophosmin (NPM) protein is reported be a surrogate for NPM1 gene mutation. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, we assessed for NPM (clone 376) expression in formalin-fixed, formic acid-decalcified bone marrow biopsy specimens. DNA sequencing of exon 12 of NPM1 gene was performed in 104 patients. RESULTS: The study included 252 AML patients: 192 de novo AML, 33 AML preceded by either myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and 27 therapy-related AML. The median age was 62 years and 115 patients were ≤60 years old. All patients received intensive chemotherapy. Cytoplasmic NPM was detected in 59 of 252 (23%) patients, including 48 of 192 (25%) de novo AML and 33 of 94 (35%) with a normal karyotype. DNA sequencing identified NPM1 mutations in 30 of 38 cases with cytoplasmic NPM and 10 of 66 cases with nuclear NPM. Cytoplasmic NPM was associated with young patient age (P = .024), FLT3/ITD (P = .005), CD34 negative blasts (P < .001), high peripheral blood blast count (P = .041), and high serum albumin level (P = .028). No statistical differences in overall or event-free survival were found on the basis of NPM localization. Similar results were obtained in patients ≤60 years old with normal karyotype and wild-type FLT3 (P = .768). CONCLUSIONS: IHC assessment for NPM localization did not predict prognosis in this patient cohort. The discordance between immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing results indicates that DNA sequencing cannot be replaced by IHC assessment. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Relationship Between Prepregnancy and Early Pregnancy Uterine Blood Flow and Resistance Index

We evaluated the relationship between prepregnancy and early pregnancy uterine blood flow (UBF) and resistance index (RI). Nineteen nulliparous subjects were studied during cycle day 8 ± 4, and early pregnancy (13.4 ± 1.6 wks). Color Doppler ultrasound of both uterine arteries and maternal heart was performed to calculate uterine RI, volumetric UBF and cardiac output (CO), respectively. We observed a strong negative association of uterine RI with prepregnancy UBF (r = −0.82, p < 0.001) that weakened, but remained significant in early pregnancy (r = − 0.48, p = 0.04). Prepregnancy uterine index (UBF/CO) was significantly associated with early pregnancy uterine index; r = 0.48, p = 0.04). There was also a trend associating prepregnancy and early pregnancy volumetric UBF (r = 0.44, p = 0.068). Prepregnancy UBF may be a determinant of early pregnancy UBF and UBF may have independent value as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome.
Sediment record linked to surface processes in the Cariaco Basin

The Cariaco Basin, off the northeast coast of Venezuela, has long been the center of attention of scientists trying to explain paleoclimate. This peculiar anoxic basin records climate change over several dozen millennia within layers of sediment [Black eta., 1999]. A joint U.S.-Venezuelan research effort launched in 1995—the Carbon Retention in a Colored Ocean (CARIACO) Program— provides a link between the sediment record and processes near the surface of the ocean for this basin. Sediment traps maintained by the program show that over 5% of the organic carbon contained in particles formed near the surface through primary production (photosynthesis) by phytoplankton reaches 275 m depth, and nearly 2% reaches 1,400 m.This flux is significant, because it represents a sink for carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, and because it helps explain the record of ancient climate stored at the bottom of the Cariaco Basin.
The presence of disulfide-linked gp70-pl5(E) complexes in AKR murine leukemia virus

Abstract Analysis of 14 C-labeled amino acid- and [ 3 H]glucosamine-labeled AKR virions on SDS-polyacrylamide gels under nonreducing conditions demonstrates the presence of a glycoprotein of 90,000 molecular weight, [gp90]. Characterization of [gp90] by gel analysis under reducing conditions, and by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera against purified viral proteins, indicates that it is composed of gp70 linked to p15(E) by one or more labile disulfide bonds.
Perception of and Satisfaction with Relationship Power, Sex, and Attachment Styles: A Couples Level Analysis

Eighty heterosexual dating couples provided information about their gender, individual histories of abuse in their current relationship, attachment styles, perception of and satisfaction with relationship power. Partner report of physical abuse was the dependent variable. APIM actor results suggest that an individual's gender interacts with perceived level of relationship power and satisfaction with relationship power for physical abuse. Both dimensions of attachment interacted with perceived relationship power for physical abuse. Partner effects were also found. One's partner's sex interacted with perceived power and satisfaction with relationship power. Finally, the partner's avoidant attachment interacted with satisfaction with relationship power. These findings generally replicate and extend the work of H. M. Ronfeldt, R. Kimerling, and I. Arias (1998, J. Marriage Fam. 60: 70–78) by showing how attachment styles, perception of relationship power, and satisfaction with relationship power are related in predicting aggression against a romantic partner.
Simple numerical method for predicting steady compressible flows

A numerical method for solving the isenthalpic form of the governing equations for compressible viscous and inviscid flows was developed. The method was based on the concept of flux vector splitting in its implicit form. The method was tested on several demanding inviscid and viscous configurations. Two different forms of the implicit operator were investigated. The time marching to steady state was accelerated by the implementation of the multigrid procedure. Its various forms very effectively increased the rate of convergence of the present scheme. High quality steady state results were obtained in most of the test cases; these required only short computational times due to the relative efficiency of the basic method.
Bridging the Collaborative Gap: Realizing the Clinical Potential of Breath Analysis for Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring–Tutorial

Exhaled breath analysis holds great promise for the development of noninvasive, frequently repeatable diagnostic and monitoring tools. For clinical breath analysis to advance beyond its current state, however, much closer multidisciplinary collaboration needs to be not only recognized but also effected. Therefore, this paper reviews the current state of clinical breath analysis from the perspective of the challenges the field faces medically (biomarker uncertainties, sampling methods, dynamics of exogenous compounds within the body, and standardization), technologically (the need for an affordable, user-friendly, real-time, point-of-care instrument for accurate identification of breath volatiles and their concentrations), biochemically (the need to link exhaled compounds with specific diseases by understanding the volatile products particular to relevant pathogenic processes), and in terms of data interpretation (quality, quantity, and complexity of data), collaboration (the need for a more integrated approach to breath analysis, including public health input), and development from research to accepted clinical use (funding challenges peculiar to the medical/technological interface, achieving standards of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness). Having thus increased awareness and aligned expectations among relevant disciplines, this paper provides a course of action for closer collaboration, better understanding, and more productive dialogue between these disciplines, including an iterative sensor development process that is integrated with clinical trials, formation of goals that transcend individual disciplines, creation of multidisciplinary research teams and a cross-disciplinary student exchange program, and collaborative funding options.
Dynamic triggering of earthquakes: The nonlinear slip‐dependent friction case

[1] The problem of earthquake triggering by dynamic stress waves is studied. A finite fault of length L embedded in an elastic space is considered. The prescribed nonlinear slip-dependent friction law is characterized by a nonconstant weakening rate α. The fault is perturbed by a sinusoidal stress wave of wavelength λ and amplitude a. As a general result, it is shown that for a given fault and a given friction law, low frequencies are more likely to trigger the rupture than high frequencies. In addition, the occurrence of triggering depends on the balance between intrinsic fault mechanics and the loading parameters. Two behaviors are possible depending on the friction law: some faults exhibit a threshold in frequency to be triggered, while other faults exhibit a threshold in amplitude. These two qualitative behaviors may be explained by considering the nondimensional weakening rate β = α × L/2 and β0 the universal constant of stability computed by Dascalu et al. [2000]. The faults that present a threshold in frequency are intrinsically unstable: their initial nondimensional weakening rate β(0) exceeds β0. On the contrary, the faults that present a threshold in amplitude are intrinsically stable, i.e., initially β(0) < β0. Because of the nonlinearity of the friction law, there is a characteristic slip uc for which β(uc) ≥ β0. For a sufficiently large amplitude the fault may then experience a stability/instability transition. These results are independent of the shape of the perturbation and also hold for a static stress increase.
Validation of helical computed tomography for suspected pulmonary embolism: a near miss?

Division of General Internal Medicine and *Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva Faculty of Medicineand Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, SwiterlandTo cite this article: Perrier A, Bounameaux H. Validation of helical computed tomography for suspected pulmonary embolism: a near miss?J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 14–6.See also van Strijen MJL, de Monye W, Kieft GJ, Pattynama PMT, Prins MH, Huisman MV. Accuracy of single-detector spiral CT in the diagnosis ofpulmonary embolism: a prospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with abnormal perfusion scintigraphy. This issue, pp 17–25.