cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Addressing Behavioral Health Issues During Well Child Visits by Pediatric Residents

The study examined practices by pediatric residents (n = 61) concerning psychosocial care during well child visits. A random sample (n = 719) of well child visits was selected, and a medical record review was conducted. Results suggested that a behavioral health issue was discussed in 38% of the cases. The most frequent type of problem discussed involved a medical component, while problems with mood were rarely discussed (<1%). Residents treated 67% of the cases and referred 20% of the cases with behavioral health concerns. Logistic regression suggested that residents were significantly more likely to treat medically focused problems (P = 0.05), but more likely to refer children with social/environmental or learning problems (P = 0.05). Results suggested the need for further training in recognition of internalizing disorders.
Sociosexuality from Argentina to Zimbabwe: a 48-nation study of sex, culture, and strategies of human mating.

The Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI; Simpson & Gangestad 1991) is a self-report measure of individual differences in human mating strategies. Low SOI scores signify that a person is sociosexually restricted, or follows a more monogamous mating strat- egy. High SOI scores indicate that an individual is unrestricted, or has a more promiscuous mating strategy. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP), the SOI was translated from English into 25 additional languages and administered to a total sam- ple of 14,059 people across 48 nations. Responses to the SOI were used to address four main issues. First, the psychometric properties of the SOI were examined in cross-cultural perspective. The SOI possessed adequate reliability and validity both within and across a di- verse range of modern cultures. Second, theories concerning the systematic distribution of sociosexuality across cultures were evaluated. Both operational sex ratios and reproductively demanding environments related in evolutionary-predicted ways to national levels of so- ciosexuality. Third, sex differences in sociosexuality were generally large and demonstrated cross-cultural universality across the 48 na- tions of the ISDP, confirming several evolutionary theories of human mating. Fourth, sex differences in sociosexuality were significantly larger when reproductive environments were demanding but were reduced to more moderate levels in cultures with more political and economic gender equality. Implications for evolutionary and social role theories of human sexuality are discussed.
Cerebral amyloidosis, amyloid angiopathy, and their relationship to stroke and dementia

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the common term used to define the deposition of amyloid in the walls of medium- and small-size leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, arterioles and, less frequently, capillaries and veins. CAA is an important cause of cerebral hemorrhages although it may also lead to ischemic infarction and dementia. It is a feature commonly associated with normal aging, Alzheimer disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), and Sporadic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Familial conditions in which amyloid is chiefly deposited as CAA include hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Icelandic type (HCHWA-I), familial CAA related to Abeta variants, including hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Dutch origin (HCHWA-D), the transthyretin-related meningocerebrovascular amyloidosis of Hungarian and Ohio kindreds, the gelsolin-related spinal and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, familial PrP-CAA, and the recently described chromosome 13 familial dementia in British and Danish kindreds. This review focuses on the various molecules and genetic variants that target the cerebral vessel walls producing clinical features related to stroke and/or dementia, and discusses the potential role of amyloid in the mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Semiglobal Simplex Optimization and Its Application to Determining the Preferred Solvation Sites of Proteins

The classical simplex method is extended into the Semiglobal Simplex (SGS) algorithm. Although SGS does not guarantee finding the global minimum, it affords a much more thorough exploration of the local minima than any traditional minimization method. The basic idea of SGS is to perform a local minimization in each step of the simplex algorithm, and thus, similarly to the Convex Global Underestimator (CGU) method, the search is carried out on a surface spanned by local minima. The SGS and CGU methods are compared by minimizing a set of test functions of increasing complexity, each with a known global minimum and many local minima. Although CGU delivers substantially better success rates in simple problems, the two methods become comparable as the complexity of the problems increases. Because SGS is generally faster than CGU, it is the method of choice for solving optimization problems in which function evaluation is computationally inexpensive and the search region is large. The extreme simplicity of the method is also a factor. The SGS method is applied here to the problem of finding the most preferred (i.e., minimum free energy) solvation sites on a streptavidin monomer. It is shown that the SGS method locates the same lowest free energy positions as an exhaustive multistart Simplex search of the protein surface, with less than one-tenth the number of minizations. The combination of the two methods, i.e., multistart simplex and SGS, provides a reliable procedure for predicting all potential solvation sites of a protein.
An Action Assembly Perspective on Social Skill

The aims of this article are to argue for an alternative approach to theorizing about social skill and to apply a model developed within this alternative perspective in identifying the mechanisms that give rise to various performance deficits. Theorizing about social skill is currently dominated by models that emphasize the role of knowledge and motivation in skilled behavior. Despite this, it should be clear that people may possess adequate knowledge and motivation and still fail to perform skillfully. For this reason, it is desirable to examine the mechanisms of behavioral production that give rise to nonoptimal behavior even when knowledge and motivation are sufficient. Toward this end, a particular model of the behavioral-production system, action assembly theory, is presented, and its implications for understanding performance deficits explored.
A generic solution for warehousing business process data

Improving business processes is critical to any corporation. Process improvement requires analysis as its first basic step. Process analysis has many unique challenges: i) companies execute many business processes, and devising ad hoc solutions for each of them is too costly. Hence, generic approaches must be sought; ii) the abstraction level at which processes need to be analyzed is much higher with respect to the information available in the process execution environment; iii) the rapidly increasing need of co-developing the process analysis and the process automation solution and the scale of the problem makes it hard to cope with frequent changes in the sources of process data. To address these problems, we have developed a process warehousing solution, used by HP and its customers. In this paper we describe the solution, the challenges we had to face, and the lessons we learned in implementing and deploying it.
Is maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guérin really necessary?

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is standard therapy after transurethral resection (TUR) of intermediateor high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For optimal efficacy, an induction course followed by maintenance BCG is recommended [1]. This is based on a single positive randomized study [2] and two meta-analyses [3,4] suggesting that tumor progression is prevented, or at least delayed, only in patients who receive BCG maintenance therapy. This editorial examines the strength of the evidence and questions whether it justifies routine use of maintenance BCG to prevent tumor progression. There are six published trials comparing maintenance BCG to induction BCG therapy alone [2,5–9]. Table 1 shows the results. Of the 399 patients receiving maintenance BCG, 30% progressed versus 33% of 397 who received induction BCG alone ( p = ns). Five trials were negative, and only one achieved significance ( p = 0.04) because it included ‘‘worsening of disease’’ (ie, change of therapy) to define tumor progression. The number of patients with muscle invasion or metastases was not given. Using a liberal definition of progression raises the number of adverse events, increasing the likelihood of statistical significance in favor of maintenance BCG because recurrences among the other patients would more likely lead to changes in therapy. This trial also randomized patients only if they had no tumor at 3 mo after BCG induction rather than all patients despite the initial BCG response, as was done in the other trials. A meta-analysis restricted to these head-to-head trials comparing maintenance versus induction BCG therapy alone has not been done.
Compton transport cross section for a hot plasma.

Abstract The equation for diffusion transport of photons in a hot, Compton-scattering-dominated plasma is derived and a transport cross section is identified. Using a reasonable assumption for the frequency dependence of the flux, this relativistically—correct cross section is numerically evaluated for a set of photon energies and electron temperatures. A simple but accurate fit to the calculation is also presented.
Vector Averaging for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements Initiated by Two Moving Targets in Monkeys

The visual input for pursuit eye movements is represented in the cerebral cortex as the distributed activity of neurons that are tuned for both the direction and speed of target motion. To probe how the motor system uses this distributed code to compute a command for smooth eye movements, we have recorded the initiation of pursuit for 150 msec presentations of two spots moving at different speeds and/or in different directions. With equal probability, one of the two spots continued to move at the same speed and in the same direction and became the tracking target, whereas the other disappeared and served as a distractor. We measured eye acceleration in the interval from 110 to 206 msec after the onset of spot motion, within both the open-loop interval for pursuit and the interval during which eye motion was affected by the two spots. Our results demonstrate that weighted vector averaging is used to combine the responses to two moving spots. We found only a minute number of responses that were consistent with either vector summation or winner-take-all computations. In addition, our data show that it is difficult for the monkey to defeat vector averaging without extended training on the use of an explicit cue about which spot will become the target. We argue that our experiment reveals the computations done by the pursuit system in the absence of attentional bias and that vector averaging is normally used to read the distributed code of image motion when there is only one target.
Linkage Relationships Reflecting Ancestral Tetraploidy in Salmonid Fish

Fifteen classical linkage groups were identified in two salmonid species (Salmo trutta and Salmo gairdneri) and three fertile, interspecific hybrids (S. gairdneri x Salmo clarki, Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush and S. fontinalis x Salvelinus alpinus) by backcrossing multiply heterozygous individuals. These linkage relationships of electrophoretically detected, protein coding loci were highly conserved among species. The loci encoding the enzymes appeared to be randomly distributed among the salmonid chromosomes. Recombination frequencies were generally greater in females than in males. In males, certain linkage groups were pseudolinked with other linkage groups, presumably because of facultative multivalent pairing and directed disjunction of chromosomes. Five such pseudolinkage groups were identified and they also appeared to be common among species and hybrids. Duplicate loci were never classically linked with each other, although some exhibited pseudolinkage and some showed evidence of exchanging alleles. Gene-centromere recombination frequencies estimated from genotypic distributions of gynogenetic offspring were consistent with map locations inferred from female intergenic recombination frequencies. These linkage relationships support the contention that all extant salmonids arose from a common tetraploid progenitor and that this progenitor may have been a segmental allotetraploid.
(S)‐Aceto(carbonyl)(cyclopentadienyl)‐(triphenylphosphine)iron

[36548-60-4] C26H23FeO2P (MW 454.29) InChI = 1S/C18H15P.C5H5.C2H3O.CO.Fe/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-2-4-5-3-1;1-2-3;1-2;/h1-15H;1-5H;1H3;; InChIKey = UUDONSAOKJKHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (chiral acetate enolate equivalent which can be deprotonated with BuLi or LDA in THF at −78°C; the enolate reacts stereoselectively with a variety of achiral, prochiral, and chiral electrophiles to generate functionalized organoiron compounds from which the iron can subsequently be removed 1) Physical Data: mp 142°C; [α]22 + 288° (c 0.004, C6H6), [α]20 + 160° (c 0.04, C6H6). Solubility: insol H2O; sol THF, CHCl3,CH2Cl2, acetone. Form Supplied in: orange solid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: can be stored in air for days with little decomposition. The solid is best stored under nitrogen for long periods of time. More air sensitive when in solution, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons. Like all metal carbonyls, it is best handled in a fume hood.
The Hybrid Criticism of Patriarchy: Rereading Kate Millett's Sexual Politics

While much might be said about the exclusion of feminist texts from the canon of sociological classics, I instead want to offer a rereading of Kate Millett's Sexual Politics to show how the develop...
Quasi-static and high-rate mechanical behavior of aluminum-based MMC reinforced with boron carbide of various length scales

Abstract We report on an investigation of the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behavior of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) aluminum composite reinforced with nanoscale boron carbide under uniaxial compression. Aluminum composites reinforced with either nanometric or half-micron sized B 4 C exhibit high strength ~900 MPa and considerable strain-to-failure under compression (>15 pct.) at quasi-static (10 −3 s −1 ) and dynamic (10 3 s −1 ) strain rates. Microstructural analyses of the composites and unreinforced aluminum alloy were performed to determine the strengthening mechanisms and plastic behavior that govern the structure–property relationships for this class of materials. Our results reveal that the flow stress of the composites does not depend strongly on strain rate if high rate data are included, while strain rate jump tests via instrumented nanoindentation indicate that the strain rate sensitivity exhibits similar behavior as the unreinforced matrix. The unreinforced alloy undergoes strain hardening at both quasi-static and dynamic strain rates, while the composites show strain softening at dynamic strain rates and elastic nearly-perfectly plastic behavior at quasi-static rates. Adiabatic shear band formation was evident in the composite samples during dynamic loading, whereas no shear banding was observed in the unreinforced alloy for the strain rates studied herein. The notion of adiabatic shear band toughness was adopted to identify the increased propensity to shear localization in the composites vis-a-vis the unreinforced material. An attempt is made to account for the effect of the boron carbide reinforcement size on the strengthening mechanism and overall plastic response for these metal matrix composites.
GABAA-dependent chloride influx modulates reversal potential of GABAB-mediated IPSPs in hippocampal pyramidal cells

Changes in intracellular chloride concentration, mediated by chloride influx through GABAA receptor–gated channels, may modulate GABAB receptor–mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (GABAB IP...
Strategic Conversations at Suncorp Commercial Insurance (a)

The "Strategic Conversations at Suncorp Commercial Insurance" case series examines the actions taken by the senior executives of the Australian-based Suncorp Commercial Insurance, working with strategy consultant 2nd Road, to build an aligned and committed workforce following a difficult merger with a rival insurer, Promina Group. The A case outlines both the process used, which features the widely participative "strategic conversation" developed by 2nd Road, as well as the outcomes achieved. The A case introduces the context of the merger, the integration challenges by CI’s senior leader, Mark Milliner, and the emergence of the "thriving city" metaphor that becomes the basis of the approach. The B case examines the cascade process designed to roll the metaphor out to all employees. The C case shares the results of pre- and post-tests done to ascertain the extent to which participation in the process increased the understanding and commitment to the new strategy for those involved.
Putting the E Back in P/E Ratios

While analysts provide an important source of information in today's markets, they also offer an array of confusion when their commentary is followed with a reference to a relatively simple valuation metric; the price earnings ratio. In bull markets, analysts appear prophetic for their knowledgeable forecast and valuation becomes a matter of what color fairy dust the analyst prefers. However, in bear markets, investors question why their foresight failed. This paper considers the impact that 'Street' earnings (pro forma or operating earnings) have on price earnings multiples. A relatively simple calculation of the P/E ratio can differ dramatically when pro-forma earnings become part of the equation.
Zn(II) complexes that trigger a DNA conformational switch

Abstract Several Zn(II) complexes are shown to produce a DNA conformational switch that involves dissociation of a fully complementary duplex into two hairpins. Of the three different pendent groups studied, a Zn(II) complex with a planar pendent connected directly to the macrocycle is the most effective at promoting the conformational switch. DNA duplexes of varying length and sequence are studied in order to examine the effect of lengthening AT tracts on conversion of duplex to hairpins. The role of hairpin structure in dissociated strands is also examined and shown to be a necessary component of an effective switch. Insight into the conformation switch is obtained through binding studies of the different Zn(II) complexes to DNA oligonucleotides that contain unpaired thymines by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).
Peak Heat Flux Density of Superfluid He II in Insulated Vertical Channels with Closed Ends and Wells

In some situations, cooling by superfluid liquid helium (He II) may be advantageous for ac operation of superconducting solenoids [1] and during dissipative processes associated with flux motion [2]. The surface of the dissipative device can be kept cool by direct thermal contact with the liquid He II up to a critical thermal load (peak heat flux). Subsequently, film boiling sets in. Theoretical predictions of the peak heat flux for liquid He I (and other ordinary liquids) break down as soon as the temperature drops below the λ point (T λ = 2.172°K). This behavior is caused by He II superfluidity, as pointed out by Sydoriak and Roberts [3] on the basis of open-channel studies. The ideal-evaporator model proposed by these investigators [4] predicts a monotonic decrease of the peak flux as T is lowered towards absolute zero. In contrast, the experimental data show a maximum at about 1.9°K and may be up to one order of magnitude larger than the values predicted by the evaporator model [5]
Precipitation in Pores: A Geochemical Frontier

The purpose of this article is to review some of the recent research in which geochemists have examined precipitation of solid phases in porous media, particularly in pores a few nanometers in diameter (nanopores). While this is a “review,” it is actually more forward-looking in that the list of things about this phenomenon that we do not know or cannot control at this time is likely longer than what we do know and can control. For example, there are three directly contradictory theories on how to predict how precipitation proceeds in a medium of varying pore size, as will be discussed below. The confusion on this subject likely stems from the complexity of the phenomenon itself: One can easily clog a porous medium by inducing a rapid, homogeneous precipitation directly from solution, or have limited precipitation occur that does not affect permeability or even porosity substantially. It is more difficult to engineer mineral precipitation in order to obtain a specific outcome, such as filling all available pore space over a targeted area for the purposes of contaminant sequestration. However, breakthrough discoveries could occur in the next five to ten years that enhance our ability to predict robustly and finely control precipitation in porous media by understanding how porosity and permeability evolve in response to system perturbations. These discoveries will likely stem (at least in part) from advances in our ability to 1) perform and interpret X-ray/neutron scattering experiments that reveal the extent of precipitation and its locales within porous media (Anovitz and Cole 2015, this volume), and 2) utilize increasingly powerful simulations to test concepts and models about the evolution of porosity and permeability as precipitation occurs (Steefel et al. 2015, this volume). A further important technique to isolate specific phenomena and understand reactivity is also microfluidics cell …
Agriculture - nutrition linkages and the US Department of Agriculture: A global view.

The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system like the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been successful in using research to improve the yield and efficiency of food systems. Our systems must now move beyond a focus on simply producing enough food to address fundamental issues of how to make the food system better able to meet the nutritional needs of consumers and contribute to sustainable environmental quality. Success in this endeavour will be determined by multidisciplinary research efforts. This is an area where more specific collaboration between the CGIAR and the USDA will be essential. The USDA Agricultural Research Service has been experimenting with these multidisciplinary partnerships for at least 60 years. Some examples from USDAs experience are given. (authors)
Concomitant activation of the PI3K-Akt and the Ras-ERK signaling pathways is essential for transformation by the V-SEA tyrosine kinase oncogene

V-SEA is the transforming component of S13 Avian Erythroblastosis Retrovirus that causes erythroblastosis and anemia in chicken. Like all members in the family (MET, RON, SEA), its cytosolic domain possesses two tyrosine autophosphorylation sites in the tandemly arranged bidentate motif that serve as docking sites for SH2 domain-containing proteins. Here, we investigated phosphotyrosine-dependent activation of signaling pathways and their significance in V-SEA-induced transformation and/or proliferation. We demonstrated that V-SEA activates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway primarily in Y557- and secondarily in Y564-dependent manner. V-SEA was also shown to induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of the Gab2 protein, leading to PI3K association and thus providing an alternative route for PI3K activation. On the other hand, activation of the Ras-ERK pathway is primarily via Y564 and secondarily via Y557. A dominant-negative form of Ras inhibited V-SEA-induced ERK phosphorylation in concentration dependent manner suggesting the importance of the Grb2-Ras signaling axis in V-SEA-induced ERK activation. The biological significance of activation of the PI3K-Akt and the Ras-ERK pathways in V-SEA-induced transformation was analysed in the V-SEA-RAT1 and V-SEA-3T3 cell lines by employing specific inhibitors, LY294002 and PD98059 compounds. Both the PD and LY compounds inhibited cell growth, but only the PD compound caused reversion of the transformed phenotype. In addition, both compounds inhibited focal colony formation by the transformants in soft agar. Thus, transformation by the V-SEA oncogene is a function of the concomitant activation of, at least, the PI3K-Akt and Ras-ERK signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and morphology.
Mobility Analysis of an Inflated Tumbleweed Ball under Wind Loads

An analytical model is presented for the mobility analysis of the tumbleweed ball, which could be a new way to explore planets in the future. Based on the model, the shape and gravity center of a ball and area of contact between the ball and ground are determined as functions of the internal pressure. Conditions of sliding and rolling motion of the ball on slopes under wind loads are quantified. Numerical results from a case study are provided, which are useful for the design of this type of flexible structures.
Abstract B131: A prospective study of phytanic acid intake from red meat and dairy products and prostate cancer risk

B131 Phytanic acid - a 3-methyl branched-chain fatty acid - is found almost exclusively in red meat and dairy products, and may contribute to the increases in prostate cancer risk that are consistently observed with higher intakes of these animal foods. The potential importance of phytanic acid in prostate carcinogenesis is further underscored by evidence that the branched-chain fatty acid oxidation pathway is selectively upregulated in prostate tumors. We constructed a novel summary measure of phytanic acid intake and prospectively examined its association with prostate cancer risk in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. At baseline, 27,111 Finnish male smokers 50 to 69 years old provided information on demographic, smoking, medical, and other risk factors, and completed a 276-item diet history questionnaire that ascertained frequency of consumption and portion size. Since phytanic acid is not currently included in food composition tables, we used the published phytanic acid content of 151 major food items, including butter, cheese, cream, ice cream, milk, yogurt, and beef products, to estimate total daily intake. Between 1985 and 2006, a total of 1,929 incident prostate cancer cases, including 438 cases of advanced disease (defined as TNM stage 3 or 4 and / or Gleason grade of 8 or higher), were identified. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, smoking dose and duration, body mass index, education, family history of prostate cancer, energy intake, and trial intervention assignment, higher estimated phytanic acid intake was associated with increased risks of advanced prostate cancer in a non-linear manner. The relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for advanced prostate cancer according to increasing quartiles of phytanic acid intake were 1.00 (referent), 1.29 (0.90-1.86), 1.56 (1.11-2.21), and 1.34 (0.94-1.92); p trend = 0.23. Phytanic acid intake was unrelated to the risk of localized disease. Our study provides evidence for the first time that increased consumption of phytanic acid may be associated with higher risks of advanced prostate cancer, and provides a putative mechanistic explanation for previously observed associations between red meat and dairy product consumption and prostate cancer risk. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B131.
Invited Editorial Comment: Innovation and Portfolio Management

1. Abby Joseph Cohen 1. is senior investment strategist and president of the Global Markets Institute at Goldman Sachs in New York, NY. This article’s title might give the reader the wrong idea. After all, a literature search using these keywords reveals much interesting work, most of it
Developing E-government in rural areas to promote China's new countryside construction

On the bases of the task of New countryside construction,and the analysis of the existing problems of China's agricultural development,combining the characteristics of E-Government,this paper has discussed the necessity of E-Government technology to China's rural development,the significance of Rural Electronic Government Affairs Website to New countryside construction,and some constraints of implementing the constructing of E-government in rural areas.Finally,through the research,the paper has put forward the corresponding measures and methods.
State, Status, and the American Family

Imagine a world where households have to apply to be considered a family by the state. They would need to document how their domestic grouping fulfills the requirements of “family” through bank statements, passports, Social Security numbers, and perhaps even recommendations from those in their community attesting to the strength and quality of their relationships or their health and fitness. In reality, this scenario is not as far-fetched as one might think. We contend that family is a status bestowed by the state. The state invokes, imposes, and relies on the family as an instrument of policy implementation and enforcement and as way of organizing and managing a productive society. In disseminating the benefits and protections that hinge on family, the state holds significant autonomy in determining whether certain households will be perceived and treated as families in the eyes of the state. Through the lens of policy debates regarding LGBTQ-headed households, single-mother-headed households, and group homes, we argue the following: concepts of family operate as an arm of the state; as more policies hinge on familyhood, more households seek that determination from the state; and state actors are at once exclusive and inconsistent in granting this status. In all, this suggests that rather than operating only as a matter of individual choice – a way of naming our private relationships – family should also be understood as a state-appointed and -anointed status.
Counseling Patients About Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis affects 10% to 30% of Americans. Intranasal corticosteroids are safe and effective in managing allergic rhinitis without systemic effects. Pharmacists should educate patients about the proper use of intranasal corticosteroids and advise them to avoid exposure to allergens.
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Patients with Detectable Prostate Specific Antigen Following Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract Adjuvant radiation therapy following radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate was given to 25 patients. Of these patients 8 had microscopic lymph node metastasis, 8 had seminal vesicle invasion without positive lymph nodes, 6 had positive surgical margins and 3 had only capsule penetration. Their only evidence of residual disease was detectable serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) by the Yang assay. A total of 15 patients (60%) had a subsequent decrease in PSA to less than 0.3 ng./ml. and an additional 5 (20%) had a decrease in PSA by more than 50%. Currently 8 patients have no detectable PSA after a median followup of 18 months (17 to 38 months) since initiating radiation therapy. Only 1 of 12 patients with detectable PSA immediately after radical prostatectomy has had a durable response to adjuvant radiation therapy. In contrast 7 of 13 patients with a delayed increase in PSA had a durable response. The ability of adjuvant radiation therapy to eliminate serum PSA in patients with a delayed increase in PSA after radical prostatectomy is encouraging. However, longer followup, including the use of nonradiated control subjects, is needed to assess the ability of adjuvant radiation therapy to control local disease and prolong patient survival.
The Effect of Rhinitis on Sleep, Quality of Life, Daytime Somnolence, and Fatigue

Allergic rhinitis affects 25 % of the world’s population. Nasal congestion is the most common and bothersome symptom of allergic rhinitis. Sleep impairment associated with the disease impacts the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis in a significant way. Intranasal steroids stand as effective treatment that significantly decreases nasal congestion which helps significantly with sleep and helps in decreasing the daytime somnolence and increases quality of life.
Recent developments in solid state lasers

The field of solid state lasers has experienced a renascence of research interest and advancement in recent years. Novel or significantly improved laser source capabilities (wavelength tunability, ultrashort pulse duration, efficiency, energy, power, etc.) have been realized through a combination of factors: (1) increased fundamental knowledge of the spectrokinetic phenomena involving the laser and sensitizer ions embedded in the host solid state material; (2) the identification, synthesis, and development of new laser materials, (3) the development and application of high performance semiconductor laser diode pump sources in several critical wavelength regions; and (4) the introduction of novel pumping and output beam mode control strategies.
Modeling human behavior to anticipate insider attacks via System Dynamics

The problem of insider threats to computer networks overseen by the company's Information Technologies (IT) department is complex and involves many variables; the most complex variable presented is human behavior. In an operational context many fields of study come into play, the security analyst's job is to interpret the data and draw conclusions of a possible malicious threat. Patterns are to be perceived and recognized within the relevant data. Forensic software and a number of other analyst tools are used to determine suspicious activities within and outside the network. After suspicious activities are revealed alerts must be sent out to induce action to prevent attacks. The goal of this paper is to predict an inside attack derived from behavioral, computer and psycho-social risk factors by using the System Dynamics methodology and its relation to solving the problem. A stock-flow diagram is used with Vensim to model the system. The model represents probabilistic human behavior of the attacker and deterministic behavior of the system.
Coulomb excitation of states in 238U

Abstract Twenty-two states in 238 U have been observed with 18 MeV 4 He ions on a thick target. Eight 2 + states between 966 and 1782 keV and three 3 − states are populated by direct E2 and E3, respectively. The remaining states are either weakly excited by multiple Coulomb excitation and /or populated by the γ-ray decay of the directly excited states. Spin assignments are based on γ-ray angular distributions. Reduced transition probabilities have been deduced from the γ-ray yields. The B (E2) values for excitation of the 2 + states range from 0.10 to 3.0 W.u. (281 W.u. for the first 2 + state). For the 3 states, the B (E3, 0 → 3 − ) values are 7.1, 7.8, and 24.2 W.u. Several of the 2 + states have decay branches to the one-phonon states with B (E2) values between 27 and 56 W.u. which are an order of magnitude larger than the B (E2) values between the one- and zero-phonon states. This disagrees with our present understanding of collectivity in nuclei if these 2 + states are considered to be collective two-phonon excitations. However, the excitation energies of these 2 + states with respect to the one-phonon states are only 1.3 to 1.6. The B (E1) values for 17 transitions between the positive- and negative-parity states range between 10 −3 and 10 −7 W.u. The B (E1) branching ratios for many of these transitions have large deviations from the Alaga-rule predictions. These deviations can be understood by the strong Coriolis coupling between the states of the one-phonon octupole quadruplet in deformed nuclei. The general features of the experimental results for the B (E3) values are reproduced by the microscopic calculations of Neergard and Vogel when the Coriolis coupling between the states of the octupole quadruplet is included.
Burning lithium in CS 2 for high-performing compact Li 2 S–graphene nanocapsules for Li–S batteries

Facile and scalable fabrication of high-performing sulfur cathodes is challenging in the commercialization of Li–S batteries. The authors report a strategy of simply burning Li foils in a CS 2 vapour for the cathode design, which shows promising battery performa…
Sorption of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) to saturated soils.

With the increasing use of C60 in many industrial and commercial sectors, it is likely that it will eventually appear in the environment; however, its environmental fate and transport is still largely unknown. The extent to which C60 partitions to soil will contribute to its environmental fate and bioavailability. Because C60 is extremely hydrophobic, in this study the distribution between soil and mixtures of ethanol (EOH) and water were measured at ethanol mole fractions ranging from XEOH = 1.0−0.4 for two soils. By measuring Kp at XEOH = 1.0 for a series of soils that ranged in organic carbon and clay mineral content, possible mineral contribution to the overall partition process was found for some of the soils. After correcting for any mineral contribution to sorption, the organic carbon normalized partition coefficient, Koc, at each value of XEOH was calculated from the measured Kp values. Through a classical thermodynamic relationship, the Koc values determined at XEOH = 1.0−0.4 were extrapolated to...
Impact of Procalcitonin Guidance on Management of Adults Hospitalized with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations

Antibiotics are often prescribed for hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. The use of procalcitonin (PCT) in the management of pneumonia has safely reduced antibiotic durations, but limited data on the impact of PCT guidance on the management of COPD exacerbations remain. To determine the impact of PCT guidance on antibiotic utilization for hospitalized adults with exacerbations of COPD. A retrospective, pre-/post-intervention cohort study was conducted to compare the management of patients admitted with COPD exacerbations before and after implementation of PCT guidance. The pre-intervention period was March 1, 2014, through October 31, 2014, and the post-intervention period was March 1, 2015, through October 31, 2015. All patients with hospital admissions during the pre- and post-intervention period with COPD exacerbations were included. Patients with concomitant pneumonia were excluded. Availability of PCT laboratory values in tandem with a PCT guidance algorithm and education. The primary outcome was duration of antibiotic therapy for COPD. Secondary objectives included duration of inpatient length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission rates. There were a total of 166 and 139 patients in the pre- and post-intervention cohorts, respectively. There were no differences in mean age (66.2 vs. 65.9; P = 0.82) or use of home oxygenation (34% vs. 39%; P = 0.42) in the pre- and post-intervention groups, respectively. PCT guidance was associated with a reduced number of antibiotic days (5.3 vs. 3.0; p = 0.01) and inpatient LOS (4.1 days vs. 2.9 days; P = 0.01). Respiratory-related 30-day readmission rates were unaffected (10.8% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.25). Utilizing PCT guidance in the management of COPD exacerbations was associated with a decreased total duration of antibiotic therapy and hospital LOS without negatively impacting hospital readmissions.
Crystallite Sintering and Growth in Supported Catalysts

Supported metal catalysts, consisting of metal crystallites dispersed on the surface of non-metallic substrates, are widely used both in the chemical and automotive industries. The activity of these catalysts tends to decrease during service, as a result of various chemical and physical phenomena. The present review will focus on the phenomenon of supported metal particle growth, or sintering, which leads to a decrease in the total active metal surface area and a concomitant decrease in total activity.
A Model of Agonistic Behavior: Endocrine and Autonomic Correlates

Attempts to relate agonistic behavior to fluctuations in a specific physiological system, especially the autonomic nervous system, have been more instructive than conclusive in establishing the relationship between physiological functioning and aggression. Clearly, the variety of behaviors we label agonistic or aggressive are not the product of the functioning of a single, known system. If we were to select promising candidates, we might be well served to choose autonomic and endocrine functioning. Seeking physiological correlates of aggression in the endocrine system presents technical problems. Endocrine responses are not discrete, and the factors which control the nature and quantity of endocrine secretions are not completely understood. The endocrine system is composed of complex feedback subsystems, a characteristic which presents problems in deciding how and when to interrupt the sequences for measurement and investigation. These problems encourage unwanted disparity among studies and present difficulties in interpretation.
Properties of High Emulsifier Content O/W Microemulsions

We have been interested for some time in the use of microemulsions as solvents and media for the investigation of chemical reactions and interactions between oil and water soluble species(1). Recently, other investigators have reported reaction studies in both O/W(2) and W/O(3) microemulsions. As a complimentary and necessary component of this work, some knowledge of the physical chemical properties of the systems employed must be obtained. Such properties are obtained by means of thermodynamic (phase maps, effective pH, component activity), transport (conductance, diffusion) and structural (light scattering, ultracentrifugation, dielectric, NMR) measurements. This list is not meant to be inclusive, and a number of other techniques have been brought to bear on the problem, such as microscopy(4), neutron scattering(5), etc.
International and Foreign Law Sources: Siren Song for U.S. Judges?

In this issue brief distributed by the American Constitution Society, Professor Keitner addresses the growing debate over the use of foreign and international law sources by U.S. judges engaged in constitutional adjudication. She begins by summarizing the attitudes towards international law sources exhibited by individual justices in the American legal system, noting that "one's opinion about the potential relevance of foreign and international law sources... depends in no small part on one's view of the role of judges in a constitutional democracy." Professor Keitner then examines the public opposition to the citation of foreign law sources in Lawrence v. Texas and Roper v. Simmons, which manifested itself in proposed legislation that would constrain how judges could interpret cases and prohibit the consideration of international law sources. Finally, Professor Keitner identifies three principled objections to the use of foreign and international law sources in constitutional adjudication (categorizing them as as institutionalist, instrumentalist, and inherentist objections), and responds to each in turn. Professor Keitner concludes, "Participating in international judicial dialogue should be viewed as a means of strengthening, not weakening, our commitment to the democratic values embodied in the U.S. Constitution."
Systems Level Evaluation of Resilience in Human-Autonomy Teaming under Degraded Conditions

In this longitudinal study, we examined the performance of Human Autonomy Teams (HATs) in the context of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) to determine team resilience of HATs under three types of degraded conditions – an automation failure, an autonomy failure, and a malicious cyber-attack. In this study, two human team members interacted with a “synthetic” agent who was actually a well-trained experimenter. First, we identified high- and low-performing teams by considering team performance score and overcoming number of failures across 10 40-minute missions. We calculated the amount of system level entropy (extracted from human and technological signals) over the course of the missions to track the amount of system reorganization in response to failures. We hypothesized that resilient teams would be more effective at reorganizing system level behavior, as observed through entropy. To explore team resilience, we examined how long it took these two teams to overcome the failures, as well as the amount of system reorganization each team displayed throughout the failure. Our findings from this exploratory analysis indicate that the high-performing team displayed more flexibility and adaptivity under degraded conditions than the low-performing team. This also underlines that effective systems level reorganization is needed in order to be adaptive and resilient in a dynamic task environment.
Opening the Activism and Postsecondary Education Black Box: Relating High-Impact Practices and Student Identity With Activist Behaviors

Faculty and administrators at postsecondary institutions continue to grapple with understanding the dynamic nature of student activism. In response, the National Survey of Student Engagement admini...
Cross This Out: A Pedagogy of Disruption and Healing

Critical courage and love require that we consider our own humanity's need for not only justice but also healing. Often, radical educators relentlessly focus on working towards social justice to the point where they neglect their own self-preservation, which includes processes and practices of healing. This article discusses how a pedagogy of disruption and healing were applied towards confronting a racist act of vandalism at a California public university. In discussing the values-centered, socio-historically grounded, and higher purpose-driven responses to the racist act, the author illuminates the four principles that grounded the disruptive and healing-centered actions. In making transparent the principles that informed the designed response, others can be able to make adaptations necessary for their own contexts. To assist with invoking one’s radical agency the author also reveals how other educators across the country have implemented these principles within their own contexts towards manifesting their own visions of a more healthy, just, and meaningful life that is rooted in an analysis of the conditions that inhibit that well-being in the first place.
Development of a Low Inertia Parallel Actuated Shoulder Exoskeleton Robot for the Characterization of Neuromuscular Property during Static Posture and Dynamic Movement

The purpose of this work is to introduce a newly developed exoskeleton robot designed to characterize the neuromuscular properties of the shoulder, including intrinsic and reflexive mechanisms, during static posture and dynamic movement in a 3-dimensional space. Quantitative characterization of these properties requires fast perturbation (>100°/s) to separate their contribution from that of voluntary mechanism. Understanding these properties of the shoulder control could assist in the rehabilitation or enhancement of upper limb performance during physical human-robot interaction. The device can be described as a new type of spherical parallel manipulator (SPM) that utilizes three 4-bar (4B) substructures to decouple and control roll, pitch and yaw of the shoulder. By utilizing a parallel architecture, the 4BSPM exoskeleton has the advantage of high acceleration, fast enough to satisfy the speed requirement for the characterization of distinct neuromuscular properties of the shoulder. In this work, the prototype is presented, along with an evaluation of its position accuracy and step response. The development and preliminary testing of the 4B-SPM exoskeleton presented in this work demonstrates its potential to be a useful tool for studying the neuromuscular mechanisms of the shoulder joint.