cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of CAE Crash Signatures for Airbag Sensor Calibration

This paper presents a study of CAE signals generated from a sensor model by addressing frequency requirement, model quality and accuracy, method using Moving Least Squares (MLS) for tackling CAE pulses, and other issues. CAE crash waveforms generated from baseline models contain high levels of noise and are not accurate enough for airbag sensor algorithm calibration. The waveforms need to be improved prior to being used for calibrating the algorithms. MLS is developed primarily for reducing high frequency noise content from CAE waveforms for improving the CAE signal quality. Using a further improved single FEA model to simulate low speeds for non-firing cases, mid-range speeds and high speed firing cases, the frequencies of the CAE backbone signals are in fair agreement with the test data. The FEA sensor model with MLS method allows better simulation of crash sensor signatures for potential use in sensor algorithm calibration and/or restraint systems applications.
Ligand-Activated Retinoic Acid Receptor Inhibits AP-1 Transactivation by Disrupting c-Jun/c-Fos Dimerization

In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), the retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), are able to up-regulate transcription directly by binding to RA-responsive elements on the promoters of responsive genes. Liganded RARs and RXRs are also capable of down-regulating transcription, but, by contrast, this is an indirect effect, mediated by the interaction of these nuclear receptors not with DNA but the transcription factor activating protein-1 (AP-1). AP-1 is a dimeric complex of the protooncoproteins c-Jun and c-Fos and directly regulates transcription of genes important for cellular growth. Previous in vitro results have suggested that RARs can block AP-1 DNA binding. Using a mammalian two-hybrid system, we report here that human RARalpha (hRARalpha) can disrupt in a RA-dependent manner the homo- and heterodimerization properties of c-Jun and c-Fos. This inhibition of dimerization is cell specific, occurring only in those cells that exhibit RA-induced repression of AP-1 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, this mechanism appears to be specific for the RARs, since another potent inhibitor of AP-1 activity, the glucocorticoid receptor, does not affect AP-1 dimerization. Our data argue for a novel mechanism by which RARs can repress AP-1 DNA binding, in which liganded RARs are able to interfere with c-Jun/c-Jun homodimerization and c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimerization and, in this way, may prevent the formation of AP-1 complexes capable of DNA binding.
Autopsy report on three SLAC X-Band Klystron output circuits

Three different SLAC designed and fabricated X-Band (11.424 GHz) Klystrons, including both solenoid and PPM focused, have reached end of life status and the output circuits have been cross sectioned and SEM analyzed. This paper will provide a brief overview of the SLAC X-Band Klystron development program and discuss the autopsy results on the output circuits for the three klystrons, all of which have operated at peak power levels exceeding 50 MW.
Stable Isotope Dietary Analysis of Bison Bone Samples from the Hudson-Meng Bonebed: Effects of Paleotopography

Abstract Selected fossil bison rib bones from the Hudson-Meng bonebed (early Holocene age) were studied in order to assess possible sources of isotopic variability along a north-south transect which spans large variations in paleotopography and resulting hydrological conditions. Analyses performed on the specimens included microscopic examination in thin-section, determination of δ 13 C values in collagen, and determination of δ 13 C and δ 18 O values in bone carbonate. Explanations for spatial trends in isotopic data centre around the effects of pre-burial topography upon deposition and preservation of skeletal samples, arguing for enhanced analysis and consideration to be given to site paleosurface characteristics during the selection of specimens for paleodietary and paleoclimate analysis. All enamel and bone carbonate data suggest a diet δ 13 C value between ∼−19 and ∼−20‰ for these early Holocene animals, while most collagen values predict dietary δ 13 C values ranging from ∼−21 to ∼24·5‰. Two interpretations exist for the difference between the δ 13 C value of diet predicted from bone carbonate and the apparent δ 13 C value of the modern grass biomass available to grazers in a nearby location: first, that the grass biomass available to grazers in this area 9500 BP had a higher δ 13 C value; and second, that the bison diet consisted of a selective subset of species available in the environment.
Displaced communication in a self-styled gesture system: Pointing at the nonpresent ☆

The ability to refer to objects or events that are not in the here and now is widely recognized as an important feature of language, one that sets it apart from other forms of communication. The purpose of this article is to determine whether a deaf child who was not exposed to a usable model of a conventional language could use his self-styled communication system to refer to objects that were out of his perceptual field. We found that, beginning at the age of 3 years and 3 months, the deaf child consistently and reliably used gesture to refer to objects that were not present in the room. Although delayed with respect to the onset of displaced communication in hearing children, the deaf child's use of gesture to refer to nonpresent objects developed despite the fact that his hearing mother rarely used her spontaneous gestures for this purpose. Thus, the techniques necessary to communicate about the "there-and-then" appear to be so fundamental to human language that they can be reinvented by a child who does not have access to a culturally shared linguistic system.
Canine Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma: A Proliferative Disorder of CD11d+ Macrophages

Histiocytic disorders of dogs include histiocytoma, localized histiocytic sarcoma (HS), disseminated HS (malignant histocytosis), and the reactive histiocytoses: cutaneous and systemic. A common element to these diseases is proliferation of dendritic cells (DC) of either Langerhans cell (epithelial DC) or interstitial DC lineage. In this report, 17 dogs with hemophagocytic HS are described. Breeds affected included Bernese Mountain Dog (6), Golden Retriever (4), Rottweiler (3), Labrador Retriever (2), a mixed-breed dog, and a Schnauzer, which were from 2.5 to 13 years old. The dogs presented with Coombs negative responsive anemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), thrombocytopenia in 15/17 dogs (88%), hypoalbuminemia in 16/17 dogs (94%), and hypocholesterolemia in 11/16 dogs (69%). All dogs died or were euthanized. The clinical course ranged from 2 to 32 weeks (mean 7.1 weeks). Diffuse splenomegaly with ill-defined masses was consistently present. Microscopic lesions were prevalent in spleen, liver, lung, and bone marrow. Metastasis occurred by insidious intravascular invasion with minimal mass formation. Histiocytes were markedly erythrophagocytic and accompanied by foci of extramedullary hemopoiesis. Cytologically, the histiocytes varied from well differentiated to atypical, with atypia more prevalent in spleen than bone marrow. These tumors arose from splenic red pulp and bone marrow macrophages, which expressed major histocompatibility complex class II and the beta2 integrin, CD11d. They had low and/or inconsistent expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are dominantly expressed by canine nonhemophagocytic HS of DC origin. Canine histiocytic proliferative diseases now encompass proliferation of all members of the myeloid histiocytic lineage: Langerhans cells, interstitial DC, and macrophages.
Toward a Post-Academic Science Policy: Scientific Communication and the Collapse of the Mertonian Norms

This essay explores the transformation of science and scientific communication from the academic mode that prevailed in the postwar period to an emerging model of post-academic science. A close reading of Robert K. Merton's 1942 essay on the norms of science links the Mertonian norms to the patronage structure of U.S. science during the cold war. Following John Ziman's term post-academic science to describe the emerging standard, I trace how the norms of industrial and academic science are being combined into new forms of collaboration and patronage, and how the academic understanding of science fails to describe emerging practices. In my conclusion, I examine some recent controversies in the public understanding of science and explore how a dialectical, post-academic model helps us understand the present crisis.
The practice of forensic psychiatry: perils, problems, and pitfalls

The practice of forensic psychiatry can be exciting, rewarding, and fulfilling; however, there are also a number of pitfalls that the practitioner may encounter. Scheduling conflicts may pose significant problems for the busy practitioner, especially one who has an active treatment practice. Differences of opinion between and among forensic psychiatrists can be difficult for some psychiatrists. Collecting fees poses a problem for some, especially in criminal cases or in prolonged civil matters. Selecting the proper cases and rejecting others is often an arduous task fraught with some peril. Preparation of reports may prove problematic when excessive demands are made upon the forensic psychiatrist. There are a number of cases that must be observed with caution and may prove to be a "no win" situation for the private forensic psychiatrist. Peer review and mentoring are two methods of helping the young forensic psychiatrist deal with some of the problems and, hopefully, avoid many of the pitfalls.
Natural recombination in bovine viral diarrhea viruses

BVDV isolates exist as two biotypes differentiated at the molecular level by production of a p80 polypeptide. Insertions consisting of host cell sequences and/or duplicated and rearranged viral sequences have been observed in the portion of the genome coding for the p80 polypeptide in some, but not all, cytopathic BVDV. The significance of these insertions to biotypic expression has yet to be demonstrated. It has been hypothesized that recombination results in the production of the p80 polypeptide by introduction of a cleavage site into a precursor polypeptide or the introduction of a second copy of the p80 gene. Because inserts have not been identified in all cytopathic BVDV examined, it appears that recombination may not be the only mechanism involved in biotypic determination.
Preserving Community in the City: Special Improvement Districts and the Privatization of Urban Racialized Space

This essay examines some of the ramifications of the formation of business improvement districts (BIDs) in urban centers that levy additional taxes in particular geographic areas to provide supplementary services. Originally designed to further business development to improve the tax base of the entire city, these districts are increasingly being used by affluent city neighborhoods to enhance what are viewed as inadequate municipal services. Because cities are often divided into affluent, white neighborhoods and poor minority ones, BIDs are troubling in that they reinforce race and class divisions within what is theoretically an urban whole. Professor McFarlane argues that we must consider BIDs in light of the competing egalitarian and group formation principles embodied in voting rights jurisprudence.
Abstract 3883: Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Congestive Heart Failure

Exercise intolerance and exertional fatigue are characteristic symptoms reported by patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), but exercise capacity often correlates poorly with objective measures of left ventricular performance. It is also known that some patients with CHF develop insulin resistance after onset of CHF. These seemingly disparate observations may be linked as increasing evidence suggests that skeletal myopathy and impaired mitochondrial function may contribute to exertional fatigue. Furthermore, patients with primary defects in mitochondrial function (and normal left ventricular function) accumulate excess intracellular lipids in skeletal muscle causing insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that the concentration of intramyocellular lipids ([IMCL]) is increased in class II – IV ambulatory subjects with CHF. High field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy now allows rapid acquisition ( patients with CHF with ejection fraction (EF) patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved EF, and healthy, age-matched subjects recruited from the ambulatory clinics. Image-guided 1 H NMR spectra of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were obtained at 7 Tesla. Parameters for the study: voxel 10×10×10 mm, TR 2000, TE 16, TM 22, NA 80. All concentrations are reported as mmols/kg wet mass and were determined using skeletal creatine as an internal standard. [IMCL] was increased in both the gastrocnemius (G, 3.3±3.1) and soleus (S, 4.8±4.8) muscles among patients with CHF subjects when compared to diabetic (G, 2.3±1.8; S, 3.6±1.3) and control subjects (G, 1.6±1.3; S, 2.4±1.3). All subjects tolerated exposure to the 7 Tesla MRI. Patients with CHF generally have increased concentration of intramyocellular lipids. The wide distribution of [IMCL] in CHF patients maybe related to skeletal muscle heterogeneity rather than poor left ventricular performance, consistent with the poor correlation between exercise intolerance and LVEF. [IMCL] maybe a useful non-invasive biomarker of altered skeletal muscle metabolism and ultimately, of mitochondrial dysfunction and functional disability in CHF patients.
Types of pneumococci found in the mouths of surgical cases before operation

An investigation of post-operative pneumonia during 1916 and 1917, a report of which has been made by Dr. Whipple,1 involved a routine search for pneumococci in the mouths of cases admitted to the surgical service of The Presbyterian Hospital.The method of procedure was as follows: A specimen of sputum or saliva, whatever the patient could expectorate, was received in a sterile jar and sent to the laboratory. The specimen was injected into a mouse and the type of pneumococcus recovered from the mouse was determined by agglutination reactions, testing a pure culture against pneumococcus serum furnished by courtesy of The Rockefeller Institute. When a patient could not expectorate, the throat was swabbed, a culture made from the swab and pneumococci isolated from the culture. After a few months, only expectorated specimens were used, owing to the small percentage of cultures yielding pneumococci. From February to June, 1916, two hundred and forty-nine swab cultures were examined, from forty-three of which p...
The Use of Visual Equipment in Elementary and Secondary Schools

Encouraged by a grant from the American Council on Education, the United States Office of Education launched the National Visual Instruction Survey in January, 1936, to determine (1) the nature of the visual and auditory equipment owned by elementary and secondary schools in the United States, (2) the extent of its use, and (3) ways in which national agencies can facilitate the use of visual and auditory aids for instructional purposes. The author of this article directed the survey, and Mr. Allen W. Noble assisted him. Reports were received from approximately 9000 school systems covering 95 per cent of all cities with a population of 5000 or more, and a fair percentage of the rural school districts. The paper summarizes the results of the survey.
Polycrystalline Graphite made from Coke Powder in addition of Boron Carbide (1)

Polycrystalline graphite compacts were made from calcined pitch coke powder with boron carbide of 4.8wt% by hot-pressing at variou temperatures from 1400 to 2200°C under a pressure of 200kg/cm2.Effect of boron carbide and hot-pressing temperature on some propertiesof the compacts were investigated by comparing the ones made from the coke powder with no addition under the same conditions. As the results, with boron carbide, density, mechanical strength and graphitization degree of the compact were remarkably increased above about 2000°C, and at 2200°C the compact with bending strength of 200-300kg/cm2, relative density of 89%, d (002) spacing of 3.358 A and electric resistivity of about 1×10-3Ω-cm was obtained.It was known that boron carbide addition has remarkable influence for acceleration of both densification and graphitization of coke above about 2000°C under the pressure.
The Gypsy Moth Parasitoid Complex in Western Massachusetts: A Study of Parasitoids in Areas of High and Low Host Density

Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), Blepharipa scutellata (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) were the dominant species in both the low eggmass density site (Cadwell Memorial Forest) and the high egg-mass density site (Ludlow Town Forest). Compsilura concinnata parasitized a greater proportion of the larvae occurring in the lower canopy of oak. Although no vertical stratification was noted for parasitism by Blepharipa scutellata , it was more prevalent in the low density site. Other parasitoids occurring in the sites studied included Phobocampe disparis (Vier.), Parasetigena agilis (Robineau-Desvoidy) and Exorista sp. These occurred in low numbers.
Laser Spectroscopy of Materials Used in Paintings

A wide variety of natural resins, waxes, gums, drying oils and proteinaceous materials used on paintings are photoluminescent. The photoluminescence spectra of these materials are reported and discussed. The application of this technique towards the identification of these materials is considered. Both bulk materials and films prepared from selected bulk materials were studied and a comparison is made between the bulk and film samples. Temperature and excitation wavelength studies are reported and discussed for several of the samples.
A Review of Sharp-Switching Devices for Ultra-Low Power Applications

The reduction of the supply voltage is standard MOSFETs is impeded by the subthreshold slope, which cannot be lowered below 60 mV/decade, even in ideal fully-depleted devices. We review selected CMOS-compatible devices capable of switching more abruptly than MOSFETs, and discuss their merits and limitations. Tunneling FETs (TFETs) are reverse-biased gated PIN diodes where the gate controls the electric field in the interband tunneling junction. Technological solutions for improved performance will be described, including alternative channel materials and geometries, as well as a proposed paradigm shift of increasing the current drive by internal amplification in the bipolar-enhanced TFET. Other emerging sharp-switching mechanisms are reviewed, including the abrupt change in the polarization of ferroelectric materials, mechanical contact in nano-electro-mechanical systems, energy filtering of injected carriers, etc. Recently proposed band modulation feedback transistors are conceptually different from MOSFETs or TFETs. They have similar gated-diode configuration, but are operated in forward-bias mode. Electrostatic barriers are formed (via gate biasing) to prevent electron/hole injection into the channel until the gate or drain bias reaches a turn-on value. Due to bandgap modulation along the channel, these devices can switch abruptly (<1 mV/decade) to a high current.
Entangling massively large objects

In reply to the physicsworld.com news story "Plan for supersized entanglement is unveiled by physicist" (3 August, http://ow.ly/QqPTl), which described an experimental proposal by Roman Schnabel of the University of Hamburg, Germany, to entangle a pair of 100 g mirrors.
Towards fast scalable solvers for charge equilibration in molecular dynamics applications

Including atom polarizability in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is important for high-fidelity simulations. Solvers for charge models that are used to dynamically determine atom polarizations constitute significant bottlenecks in terms of time-to-solution and the overall scalability of polarizable and reactive force fields. The objective of this work is to improve the performance of the charge equilibration (QEq) method on shared memory architectures. A number of parallel incomplete LU-based preconditioning techniques are explored to enhance the performance of the Krylov subspace methods used in the QEq model. Detailed analysis of how these techniques effect convergence rate and the overall solver performance is presented. ILU-based schemes which produce good quality factors with relatively low number of nonzeros have been observed to yield significant speedups over the diagonal inverse baseline preconditioner. These results are significant as they can enable efficient simulations of moderate-sized systems on a single node with several cores, and also because they can constitute the future building blocks for distributed memory parallel solvers.
Biophysical characterization of functionalized titania nanoparticles and their application in dental adhesives.

Abstract It is demonstrated that carboxylic acid-functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs produce significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after visible light irradiation (400–800 nm, 1600 mW/cm 2 ) in comparison to nonfunctionalized TiO 2 NPs. The level of ROS produced under these irradiation conditions was not capable of generating oxidatively induced DNA damage in a cell-free system for TiO 2 concentrations of 0.5 mg/L or 5 mg/L. In addition, specific incorporation of the acrylic acid-functionalized TiO 2 NPs into dental composites allowed us to utilize the generated ROS to enhance photopolymerization (curing and degree of vinyl conversion (DC)) of resin adhesives and create mechanically superior and biocompatible materials for dental applications. Incorporation of the TiO 2 NPs into selected dental composites increased the mean DC values by ≈7%. The modified TiO 2 materials and dental composite materials were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Notably, dental adhesives incorporated with acrylic acid-functionalized TiO 2 NPs produced stronger bonds to human teeth following visible light curing in comparison to traditional dental adhesives not containing NPs with an increase in the shear bond strength of ≈29%. In addition, no leaching of the incorporated NPs was detectable from the dental adhesives after 2500 thermal cycles using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, indicating that biocompatibility of the adhesives was not compromised after extensive aging. These findings suggest that NP-induced ROS may be useful to produce enhanced nanocomposite materials for selected applications in the medical device field. Statement of Significance Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) have unique photocatalytic, antibacterial and UV-absorbing properties that make them beneficial additives in adhesives and composites. However, there is concern that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photoactivated TiO 2 NPs might pose toxicological risks. We demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate acid-functionalized TiO 2 NPs into dental resins which can be applied as dental adhesives to human teeth. The ROS generated by these NPs through visible-light irradiation may be utilized to increase the degree of vinyl conversion of resins, leading to adhesives that have an enhanced shear-bond strength to human teeth. Investigation into the potential genotoxicity of the NPs and their potential for release from dental composites indicated a low risk of genotoxic effects.
Treadmill vs. overground walking: different response to physical interaction.

We show that the response of human locomotion to physical interaction differs between treadmill and overground walking. Subjects entrained to a periodic series of ankle plantar flexion torque pulse...
Cross-reactivity profiles of legumes and tree nuts using the xMAP® multiplex food allergen detection assay.

The homology between proteins in legumes and tree nuts makes it common for individuals with food allergies to be allergic to multiple legumes and tree nuts. This propensity for allergenic and antigenic cross-reactivity means that commonly employed commercial immunodiagnostic assays (e.g., dipsticks) for the detection of food allergens may not always accurately detect, identify, and quantitate legumes and tree nuts unless additional orthogonal analytical methods or secondary measures of analysis are employed. The xMAP® Multiplex Food Allergen Detection Assay (FADA) was used to determine the cross-reactivity patterns and the utility of multi-antibody antigenic profiling to distinguish between legumes and tree nuts. Pure legumes and tree nuts extracted using buffered detergent displayed a high level of cross-reactivity that decreased upon dilution or by using a buffer (UD buffer) designed to increase the stringency of binding conditions and reduce the occurrence of false positives due to plant-derived lectins. Testing for unexpected food allergens or the screening for multiple food allergens often involves not knowing the identity of the allergen present, its concentration, or the degree of modification during processing. As such, the analytical response measured may represent multiple antigens of varying antigenicity (cross-reactivity). This problem of multiple potential analytes is usually unresolved and the focus becomes the primary analyte, the antigen the antibody was raised against, or quantitative interpretation of the content of the analytical sample problematic. The alternative solution offered here to this problem is the use of an antigenic profile as generated by the xMAP FADA using multiple antibodies (bead sets). By comparing the antigenic profile to standards, the allergen may be identified along with an estimate of the concentration present. Cluster analysis of the xMAP FADA data was also performed and agreed with the known phylogeny of the legumes and tree nuts being analyzed.
Better Big Data via Data Farming Experiments

The term ‘big data’ has become intertwined with ‘data mining’ in the minds of many people. Modern computing can generate massive amounts of data via simulation studies, but a key drawback to the data mining paradigm is that it relies on observational data and thus limits the types of insights that can be gained. We can do much better with ‘data farming,’ a metaphor that captures the notion of purposeful data generation from simulation models. Prospective designs of experiments can establish causal relationships, in contrast to data mining that can only find correlations. The use of large-scale designed experiments lets us grow simulation output efficiently and effectively, and is a game changer in terms of the power and flexibility it offers analysts and decision makers. When combined with modern simulation tools and cluster computing , it allows studies to focus on much broader questions and obtain much richer insights. In this chapter, we discuss the implications data farming has on model building, verification and validation , input modeling and data requirements, multi-criteria decision-making and tradeoff analysis , and a few ethical aspects of the decision process.
0416 Relationship between extracellular iron and circulating inflammation markers in plasma of minnesota taconite workers

Background Higher rates of mesothelioma, pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, and heart disease mortality have been reported in Minnesota taconite (iron ore) workers compared to the rest of the state population. Oxidative stress and inflammation are important underlying mechanisms in cancer and cardiovascular disease, and exposure to silica containing dust with a high iron content may play a key role in the observed elevated health risks. Methods In this study, we compared ICP-MS-measured plasma iron concentrations to levels of circulating inflammatory markers (cytokines and chemokines) in 130 taconite workers using linear regression analysis adjusting for covariates. Results Plasma iron levels varied substantially, ranging from 49 to 636 μg/dL, with a mean of 107 (±60) μg/dL. After adjusting for age, body mass index, gender and smoking status, plasma iron levels were positively associated with the levels of chemokines RANTES (p=0.06), TARC (p=0.04), and MDC (p=0.02). Discussion These findings lend some support to the hypothesis that exposure to iron in taconite dust may lead to elevated levels of extracellular iron both in the lung and in the general circulation, producing reactive oxygen species and catalyzing oxidative stress. Given that TARC and MDC have been prospectively associated with lung cancer risk in other research, there is a need to better understand the relationship between extracellular iron levels and these biomarkers in taconite workers. Further analyses to assess other metrics of iron exposure from taconite dust components on plasma iron concentrations and measures of oxidative stress are warranted.
Modeling for SRAM reliability degradation due to gate oxide breakdown with a compact current model

Gate oxide breakdown (GOBD) degrades the performance of SRAMs. In this paper, a modeling methodology for SRAM reliability degradation due to GOBD is implemented with a compact current model. SRAM lifetime is obtained from Monte Carlo simulations while considering the duty cycle distribution and process variations. We analyzed the lifetime distribution and failure probability of SRAM cells under different stress, and found that the data cache with a duty cycle distribution closer to 50% has a lower failure probability. Moreover, the effect of Error Correcting Codes (ECC) is also studied.
Marx's Capital After One Hundred Years

A recurring lament in commemorations of classic works is that they are so well known that little remains to be said about them. This is certainly not true of Marx's Capital. Its difficult method of presentation, the numerous myths about it which have grown up over the years, and recent tendencies to mathematicize popular conceptions of Marxian economics in lieu of digging into Marx's own writings have together made this work almost as little understood today as it has ever been. Bohm-Bawerk's famous “refutation” of Marx's “labour theory of value” continues to be reproduced, along with the economic “breakdown” of capitalism theory, the “dialectical” forces at work, and all the old familiar cast of fictitious characters. If one accepts the cynical definition of a classic as a work that everyone talks about and no one reads, there is certainly no more classic work in economics than Capital. The hundredth anniversary of its publication seems an appropriate time to reexamine not only the book itself but also the beliefs about it which have acquired a life-almost an immortality-of their own.
Contribution of parenting to complex syntax development in preschool children with developmental delays or typical development.

Author(s): Moody, CT; Baker, BL; Blacher, J | Abstract: BACKGROUND:Despite studies of how parent-child interactions relate to early child language development, few have examined the continued contribution of parenting to more complex language skills through the preschool years. The current study explored how positive and negative parenting behaviours relate to growth in complex syntax learning from child age 3 to age 4nyears, for children with typical development or developmental delays (DDs). METHODS:Participants were children with or without DD (Nn=n60) participating in a longitudinal study of development. Parent-child interactions were transcribed and coded for parenting domains and child language. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify the contribution of parenting to complex syntax growth in children with typical development or DD. RESULTS:Analyses supported a final model, F(9,50)n=n11.90, Pnln.001, including a significant three-way interaction between positive parenting behaviours, negative parenting behaviours and child delay status. This model explained 68.16% of the variance in children's complex syntax at age 4. Simple two-way interactions indicated differing effects of parenting variables for children with or without DD. CONCLUSIONS:Results have implications for understanding of complex syntax acquisition in young children, as well as implications for interventions.
FREDcast: Economic forecasting game

URL: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/fredcastInstructors of macroeconomics seeking the kind of experiential and experimental learning opportunities endorsed by Erekson, Raynold, and Salemi (1996) can e...
Investor Psychology and the Financial Crisis

The financial crisis poses a challenge to orthodox theorists of markets and market participants. My talk will consider alternative views of how investors and markets behave. I consider the psychological dynamics implicated in the following questions: How do markets decide which financial products to develop and market? How do we understand the mindset of “rocket scientists” who create financial products? How do investors decide what financial products to buy and what price to pay? Whose assessments do they find it reasonable to rely on, and why? How would they articulate their strategy, and do they articulate it correctly? To what extent do investment bankers and lawyers feel the need to justify what they are doing in structuring and selling a financial instrument, or even to fully understand it? There are many interesting psychological dynamics involved. Many of these dynamics implicate our complex responses to uncertainty. Some may have evolutionary roots. We need to understand them far better to minimize the chance and severity of future crises.
Old age-associated phenotypic screening for Alzheimer's disease drug candidates identifies sterubin as a potent neuroprotective compound from Yerba santa.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent age-associated dementia with no treatments that can prevent or slow its progression. Since age is by far the major risk factor for AD, there is a strong rationale for an alternative approach to drug discovery based upon the biology of aging. Phenotypic screening assays that reflect multiple, age-associated neurotoxicity pathways rather than single molecular targets can identify compounds that have therapeutic efficacy by targeting aspects of aging that contribute to AD pathology. And, while the suitability of any single assay can be questioned, a combination of assays can make reliable predictions about the neuroprotective effects of compounds in vivo. Therefore, our lab has developed a combination of phenotypic screening assays that are ideally suited not only to identify novel neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of AD but also their target pathways, thereby potentially providing new therapeutic targets for disease treatment. Using these assays, we screened a large library of extracts from plants with identified pharmacological uses. Analysis of one of these extracts from the plant Yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum) identified the flavanone sterubin as the active component and further studies showed it to be a potent neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory compound.
13 – Hepatobiliary System

Rodents are used extensively in drug safety and toxicology studies, and the hepatobiliary system is a key target organ. For the most part, the rodent liver closely recapitulates human structure and function. However, there are key differences in both the normal and the diseased state that must be understood to place findings from mouse studies into proper context. This chapter presents a comparison of shared and distinguishing features between the rodent and human liver and gallbladder. Whereas functional lobular architecture and vascular and biliary conducting systems are similar, the relative size and gross distribution of lobes differs. An understanding of comparative anatomy, histology, and physiology of the normal liver and gallbladder between humans and rodents will aid investigators in proper study design and meaningful interpretation of experimental outcomes.
FAST ASYNCHRONOUS DECENTRALIZED OPTIMIZATION: ALLOWING MULTIPLE MASTERS

The present paper deals with asynchronous decentralized optimization over networks. Pertinent algorithms are either centralized relying on a specific topology, where a single master connects all workers, or decentralized devoid of any master by only exchanging information between single-hop neighbors. The present work bridges the gap of existing approaches with a novel hybrid framework that is capable of accommodating multiple masters. Moreover, it enables considerable acceleration of decentralized approaches without physically deploying masters, thus making it possible to achieve a desirable tradeoff between convergence and communication/computation complexity by tuning the configuration. Numerical tests showcase advantages over decentralized counterparts.
OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION PRIOR TO TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is encountered in 40-75% of those undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to TAVR is unclear. A retrospective analysis of patients with PCI < 6 months prior to TAVR from 1/1/2013- 1
Illuminating the virus life cycle with single-molecule FRET imaging.

Single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging has emerged as a powerful tool to probe conformational dynamics of viral proteins, identify novel structural intermediates that are hiding in averaging population-based measurements, permit access to the energetics of transitions and as such to the precise molecular mechanisms of viral replication. One strength of smFRET is the capability of characterizing biological molecules in their fully hydrated/native state, which are not necessarily available to other structural methods. Elegant experimental design for physiologically relevant conditions, such as intact virions, has permitted the detection of previously unknown conformational states of viral glycoproteins, revealed asymmetric intermediates, and allowed access to the real-time imaging of conformational changes during viral fusion. As more laboratories are applying smFRET, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the dynamic nature of viral proteins throughout the virus life cycle are predicted to improve and assist the development of novel antiviral therapies and vaccine design.
Acceptability and willingness to pay for contingency management interventions among parents of young adults with problematic opioid use.

Abstract Background There is a need for new research addressing the cost prohibitive nature of maintaining contingency management (CM) in community settings. While researchers propose managed care as an option to support costs, there is no research on self-pay models. To inform such research, it is important first to understand client willingness to pay for CM services. We examine acceptability and willingness to pay for CM services among parents with and without young adult children with problematic opioid use. Methods A web-based survey was administered to a sample of parents of adult children ages 18–35 with (target sample) and without (comparison sample) a history of problematic opiate use. Results One hundred thirty parents participated (ntarget = 30; ncomparison = 100) and were predominately white, college educated, and of higher income. Findings showed a high proportion of participants had positive opinions of using incentives for substance use treatment and would consider incentive-based treatments for their child. Most participants reported they would be willing to pay for CM at levels consistent with amounts used in efficacious programs but expressed worry that incentives would be used to buy drugs. Most participants reported this worry would be eased if incentives were delivered via reloadable gift cards and if incentives were only delivered during periods of abstinence. Conclusions This is the first study to examine parent perceptions of incentives and acceptability and willingness to pay for CM services. Results suggest self-pay models for disseminating CM to young adults with problematic opioid use may be an option.
Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Vs Traditional Arterial Cannulation by Emergency Medicine Residents

Author(s): Wilson, Casey; Rose, David; Kelen, Gabor D.; Billioux, Veena; Bright, Leah | Abstract: Introduction: We sought to determine whether ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation (USGAC) is more successful than traditional radial artery cannulation (AC) as performed by emergency medicine (EM) residents with standard ultrasound training.Methods: We identified 60 patients age 18 years or older at a tertiary care, urban academic emergency department who required radial AC for either continuous blood pressure monitoring or frequent blood draws. Patients were randomized to receive radial AC via either USGAC or traditional AC. If there were three unsuccessful attempts, patients were crossed over to the alternative technique. All EM residents underwent standardized, general ultrasound training.Results: The USGAC group required fewer attempts as compared to the traditional AC group (mean 1.3 and 2.0, respectively; pl0.001); 29 out of 30 (96%) successful radial arterial lines were placed using USGAC, whereas 14 out of 30 (47%) successful lines were placed using traditional AC (pl0.001). There was no significant difference in length of procedure or complication rate between the two groups. There was no difference in provider experience with respect to USGAC vs traditional AC.Conclusion: EM residents were more successful and had fewer cannulation attempts with USGAC when compared to traditional AC after standard, intern-level ultrasound training.
Early Intervention for LGBTQ Health: A 10-Hour Curriculum for Preclinical Health Professions Students.

Introduction Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) face significant health disparities and barriers to accessing care. Patients have reported provider la...
A Teenager with Hypertension: A Common Problem Leading to an Uncommon Diagnosis

Introduction: Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is a rare diagnosis mainly affecting women aged 15-30 years of Asian or Indian descent, with an incidence of 1.2-2.6 per million annually. This case describes the diagnosis of TA in a young Caucasian female with no known Asian/Indian ancestry and no significant family history who presented with new-onset hypertension. Case Description: A 16-year-old previously healthy female presented to the pediatric emergency department due to “abnormal lab values”. The patient was initially seen 2 weeks prior after becoming lightheaded while participating in an active shooter drill at school, at which time her blood pressure (BP) was found to be elevated to 180/100 mmHg. Associated symptoms included palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, weight loss, bilateral shoulder pain, night …
Exceptional talent in the 21st century context: Conceptual framework, definition, assessment, and development:

With problem-solving as the focus and wisdom as the goal, the concept of giftedness is reconceptualized in the 21st century context. The two most prominent constructs in the field of education for ...
Intra-county modeling of COVID-19 infection with human mobility: assessing spatial heterogeneity with business traffic, age and race

ABSTRACT The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global threat presenting health, economic and social challenges that continue to escalate. Meta-population epidemic modeling studies in the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) style have played important roles in informing public health and shaping policy making to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. These models typically rely on a key assumption on the homogeneity of the population. This assumption certainly cannot be expected to hold true in real situations; various geographic, socioeconomic and cultural environments affect the behaviors that drive the spread of COVID-19 in different communities. What’s more, variation of intra-county environments creates spatial heterogeneity of transmission in different sub-regions. To address this issue, we develop a new human mobility flow-augmented stochastic SEIR-style epidemic modeling framework with the ability to distinguish different regions and their corresponding behavior. This new modeling framework is then combined with data assimilation and machine learning techniques to reconstruct the historical growth trajectories of COVID-19 confirmed cases in two counties in Wisconsin. The associations between the spread of COVID-19 and human mobility, business foot-traffic, race & ethnicity, and age-group are then investigated. The results reveal that in a college town (Dane County) the most important heterogeneity is spatial, while in a large city area (Milwaukee County) ethnic heterogeneity becomes more apparent. Scenario studies further indicate a strong response of the spread rate on various reopening policies, which suggests that policymakers may need to take these heterogeneities into account very carefully when designing policies for mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and reopening.
Automated sleep state classification of wide-field calcium imaging data via multiplex visibility graphs and deep learning.

Abstract Background Wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) allows for monitoring of cortex-wide neural dynamics in mice. When applied to the study of sleep, WFCI data are manually scored into the sleep states of wakefulness, non-REM (NREM) and REM by use of adjunct EEG and EMG recordings. However, this process is time-consuming and often suffers from low inter- and intra-rater reliability and invasiveness. Therefore, an automated sleep state classification method that operates on WFCI data alone is needed. New Method A hybrid, two-step method is proposed. In the first step, spatial-temporal WFCI data is mapped to multiplex visibility graphs (MVGs). Subsequently, a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) is employed on the MVGs to be classified as wakefulness, NREM and REM. Results Sleep states were classified with an accuracy of 84% and Cohen’s κ of 0.67. The method was also effectively applied on a binary classification of wakefulness/sleep (accuracy=0.82, κ=0.62) and a four-class wakefulness/sleep/anesthesia/movement classification (accuracy=0.74, κ=0.66). Gradient-weighted class activation maps revealed that the CNN focused on short- and long-term temporal connections of MVGs in a sleep state-specific manner. Sleep state classification performance when using individual brain regions was highest for the posterior area of the cortex and when cortex-wide activity was considered. Comparison with Existing Method On a 3-hour WFCI recording, the MVG-CNN achieved a κ of 0.65, comparable to a κ of 0.60 corresponding to the human EEG/EMG-based scoring. Conclusions The hybrid MVG-CNN method accurately classifies sleep states from WFCI data and will enable future sleep-focused studies with WFCI.
A laser-produced lithium ion source for pulsed-power inertial confinement fusion

We are investigating direct laser-produced plasmas as an ion source for the PBFA II pulsed power accelerator. Laser-generated plasmas have several potential advantages for this application, including the ability to generate a pre-formed anode plasma, simplicity, and flexibility. Previous experiments have shown that a high-density lithium plasma can be produced by direct laser irradiation of a solid lithium surface with a pulsed dye laser tuned to the Li 1s-2p resonance line at 670.8 nm (Laser Ionization Based on Resonant Saturation--LIBORS). We are also investigating a two-step approach, which uses a short-pulse Nd:YAG laser to efficiently vaporize the lithium-bearing source material, followed by LIBORS ionization of the evolving vapor to produce plasmas of mid-10{sup 16}/cm{sup 3} densities. 8 refs., 6 figs.