cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
13C NMR spectroscopy of 13C1-labeled octanethiol-protected Au nanoparticles: shifts, relaxations, and particle-size effect.

We report here an investigation of metal−ligand interactions in nanoparticles with 13C NMR, using a labeled 13C1-octanethiol, a protecting ligand for self-assembled monolayer (SAM) systems, in which close proximity of the 13C1 to the metal surface serves as an effective probe for the changing electronic environment. Several remarkable results have been obtained: as the metal core size increases from 1.6 to 4.0 nm, the 13C1 spectrum is downshifted from 40.5 to 53 ppm, and the spin−spin relaxation rate, T2-1, increases while the spin−lattice relaxation ratio decreases. Although the spin−lattice relaxation may be due to particle tumbling and ligand motion in the liquid state, the main source of the spin−spin relaxation, and NMR shift, is most possibly due to the changing electronic properties of the metal core.
What is the need for comparative effectiveness studies in IBD

Unlike traditional clinical trial research, Comparative Effectiveness Research seeks to determine what is 'best' for a typical patient when deciding between effective options used in daily practice - a therapy, diagnostic test, or course of action. There is a clear need for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a point emphasized by the Institute of Medicine and supported by governmental agencies and escalating funding. This review highlights the rationale and support for Comparative Effectiveness Research, provides examples of Comparative Effectiveness Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and outlines current and future focus for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Monitoring voltage collapse margin by measuring the area voltage across several transmission lines with synchrophasors

We consider the fast monitoring of voltage collapse margin using synchrophasor measurements at both ends of transmission lines that transfer power from two generators to two loads. This shows a way to extend the monitoring of a radial transmission line to multiple transmission lines. The synchrophasor voltages are combined into a single complex voltage difference across an area containing the transmission lines that can be monitored in the same way as a single transmission line. We identify ideal conditions under which this reduction to the single line case perfectly preserves the margin to voltage collapse, and give an example that shows that the error under practical non-ideal conditions is reasonably small.
Role of Magnetic Flux Distribution in Coronal Energy Storage

Magnetic fields in the solar corona are most likely the dominant source of energy that powers coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Such energy must be above and beyond that of a potential (current-free) magnetic field, and thus the pre-CME coronal magnetic field should contain significant electric currents. Given the diffuse nature of the corona, the coronal magnetic field is likely to be largely force free, implying that electric currents are closely aligned with the field itself. In this work we explore such force-free fields, in the spherical geometry appropriate to the solar corona, with the aim of understanding how the magnetic flux distribution at the coronal base affects the storage of magnetic energy. We find that energy storage is enhanced when a region of strong potential field overlies a nonpotential field whose footpoints are confined to low solar latitudes. Furthermore, those flux distributions consistent with strong overlying potential fields may enable larger energy buildup, when examined in the context of limits imposed by the scalar virial theorem and the Aly-Sturrock theorem. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of force-free fields containing detached flux ropes, with energies that lie above the Aly-Sturrock limit.
FOUR ANTARCTIC UREILITES: PETROLOGY AND OBSERVATIONS ON UREILITE PETROGENISIS

New data are presented on the petrography and mineral compositions of four recently recovered Antarctic ureilites: Yamato-790981, RKPA80239, ALHA81101, and PCA82506. Thin polished sections of the ureilites were analyzed by polarized and reflected light microscopy, and by electron microprobe. The low shock characteristics of most (with the exception of the ALHA81101) Antarctic ureilites have afforded excellent opportunities for understanding the petrographic relationships between graphite and silicate minerals in ureilites. New speculations concerning the petrogenesis of ureilites are offered.
Asymptotic-power problems in the analysis of supersaturated designs

We examine three test statistics that appear suited to analyzing supersaturated designs. All three statistics are shown to have undesirable, somewhat surprising, asymptotic power properties. Suggestions are given for improved analysis methods.
De-escalating conflict: mediation and the "difficult" patient.

In their very interesting case study of a “difficult” sickle cell patient, authors Bergman and Diamond (2013) provide a compelling application of my claim that ethics consult services (ECSs) should...
Neural Correlates of Reinforcement Learning and Social Preferences in Competitive Bidding

In competitive social environments, people often deviate from what rational choice theory prescribes, resulting in losses or suboptimal monetary gains. We investigate how competition affects learning and decision-making in a common value auction task. During the experiment, groups of five human participants were simultaneously scanned using MRI while playing the auction task. We first demonstrate that bidding is well characterized by reinforcement learning with biased reward representations dependent on social preferences. Indicative of reinforcement learning, we found that estimated trial-by-trial prediction errors correlated with activity in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, we found that individual differences in social preferences were related to activity in the temporal-parietal junction and anterior insula. Connectivity analyses suggest that monetary and social value signals are integrated in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and striatum. Based on these results, we argue for a novel mechanistic account for the integration of reinforcement history and social preferences in competitive decision-making.
Using Fuzzy Logic in a Mobile Robot Path Controller

A successful mobile robot system must have the ability to move about in a dynamic environment. Our approach to this problem is to plan a path for the robot to move from a starting point to a goal point using a map that may not have all the current information on the environment. The controller then dynamically reacts in an intelligent fashion to unplanned obstacles along the path by using sensor information and path information. This system attempts to follow a given path, adapting its course to the obstacles and shortcuts it perceives along the way. The key element of our approach is in using fuzzy logic to express and manipulate concepts needed for intelligent control. Some benefits from the use of fuzzy logic are ease of sensor fusion and generalization of desired direction of travel.
Management of External Hemorrhage from Varicose Veins

In the thirty-six-month period after October 1, 1992, 20 patients were seen who experi enced profuse external hemorrhage from subcutaneous varicose veins or intracutaneous telangiectasias.These were, for the most part, elderly, the 11 women averaging 68.9 years of age, and the 8 men (exclusive of a fourteen-year-old boy) averaging 58.6 years of age. None of the episodes of bleeding occurred in patients with venous ulcer, and trauma was not a factor in producing bleeding. The bleeding was characterized by high-pressure jet effect, which caused a fountain-like hemorrhage to occur. Hemorrhage was stopped by local pressure, and definitive treatment was by sclerotherapy, surgical removal of sources of venous hypertension, or combinations of these.Continuous-wave Doppler evaluation assisted in selecting patients for surgery, and duplex ultrasound provided information that guided the surgical events.A complete review of previously reported cases suggests this is a dangerous and not trivial complication of venous...
Use of selected structural descriptors for evaluation of the lipophilicity of bile acids investigated by RP HPTLC

The bile acids cholic acid (C), glycocholic acid (GC), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDC), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), deoxycholic acid (DC), lithocholic acid (LC), and glycolithocholic acid (GLC) have been studied. Topological indices based on the adjacency matrix ( Gutman ( M v ), Randic ( 0 χ v , 1 χ v , and 2 χ v ), and Pyka ( χ 012 )) and on the distance matrix ( Wiener ( W ) and Pyka ( A , 0 B , 1 B , and C )), and electrotopological states (SdO (acid) , SsOH (acid) , and SsOH (aliph) ) were calculated. It was found that lipophilicity determined chromatographically ( R MW and ϕ 0 ), theoretical values ( A log P s , IA log P , C log P , log P KOWIN , x log P , and log P Rekker ), and experimental values determined by the classical method (log P exp ) correlated best with topological indices M v and C .
Data center air management metrics-practical approach

This paper presents a method to evaluate air flow effectiveness of both traditional raised floor designs and non-raised floor air-conditioning designs for data centers. Metrics are developed that will easily permit owners, engineers and operators to measure and quantify the performance of their data center air distribution systems or changes that they make to their cooling systems to improve air management and hence cooling system efficiency. The metrics incorporate and integrate together the major factors that decrease the effectiveness of computer room air cooling. These metrics, which are covered in the paper, include; negative pressure flow rate (air induced into the floor void), bypass flow rate (from floor void directly back to the air-conditioners without cooling servers), recirculation flow rate (from server outlet, back into server inlet) and the balance of CRAC and server design flow rates. Examples of the application of these metrics are also presented. Additionally, benchmarking data of bypass and recirculation collected from over 60 data centers during energy audits are presented. The benchmarking data clearly identifies potential energy saving opportunities when compared to ideal (no bypass and no recirculation). Consequently, one can use the benchmarking data to compare a given data center to others and to measure progress in reducing recirculation and bypass levels as energy conservation measures and best design practices are implemented in the data center. The methodology presented in this paper offers the advantage to establish quick understanding of the air management in the data center in fairly short amount of time using internal resources once the presented guidelines and lessons learned are followed. Performing CFD, which may be required in some cases, requires specialized engineers with sufficient knowledge in data center air flow paths, racks and server types, cooling equipment and power distribution units in order to build reliable air flow models using any of the commercially available CFD packages. The aforementioned requirements render the CFD simulation an expensive service. Hence, CFD simulation should be used when air management analysis falls short, example of such cases include planning for future IT growth using specific hardware in specific location.
Efficient evaluation of queries with mining predicates

Modern relational database systems are beginning to support ad-hoc queries on data mining models. In this paper, we explore novel techniques for optimizing queries that apply mining models to relational data. For such queries, we use the internal structure of the mining model to automatically derive traditional database predicates. We present algorithms for deriving such predicates for some popular discrete mining models: decision trees, naive Bayes, and clustering. Our experiments on a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 demonstrate that these derived predicates can significantly reduce the cost of evaluating such queries.
Leadership for the 21st Century

This article was presented as the 23rd Delphine Hanna Lecture and focused on reflections on leadership roles and qualities of excellent administrators. The three roles of administrators are to manage, solve problems, and develop a vision. Quality leaders know that it is not the message that is delivered, but how the message makes the recipient feel.
Media and foreign policy: A comparative study of journalists’ perceptions of press—government relations during the six-party talks

This study examines journalists’ role conceptions in their coverage of diplomatic issues, based on a survey of South Korean, US, and European journalists who covered the six-party talks on North Korea’s nuclear program. The author found differences between South Korean, US, and European journalists in their perceptions of the role of journalists in the multilateral nuclear talks. Compared with US and European journalists, South Korean journalists believed more strongly that journalists are participants in the negotiation process and that news sources have significant influence on their judgments of the newsworthiness of issues related to the talks. This comparative study offers important implications for the press—government relationships in foreign affairs issues.
Interference mitigation techniques in 60 GHz wireless networks

In recent years, the unlicensed 60 GHz band has motivated the computer, wireless communications, and consumer electronics industries to develop wireless personal area network and wireless local area network standards that support wireless applications with multigigabit data rates. One of the technical challenges is managing interference between networks in a dense environment. In this article we first show the problem of interference in a dense environment and evaluate and compare PHY and MAC layer interference mitigation techniques in terms of performance and the level of co-ordination required among interfering networks.
High power density supercapacitor electrodes of carbon nanotube films by electrophoretic deposition

Carbon nanotube thin films have been successfully fabricated by the electrophoretic deposition technique. The supercapacitors built from such thin film electrodes have a very small equivalent series resistance, and a high specific power density over 20 kW kg−1 was thus obtained. More importantly, the supercapacitors showed superior frequency response. Our study also demonstrated that these carbon nanotube thin films can serve as coating layers over ordinary current collectors to drastically enhance the electrode performance, indicating a huge potential in supercapacitor and battery manufacturing.
A CoD based reduction algorithm for Boolean and probabilistic Boolean networks

We present a novel algorithm (CoDReduce) for reducing the size of a probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model for genomic regulation. The algorithm uses the coefficient of determination (CoD) to find the best candidate for ‘deletion’ gene. The selection policy that determines how the transition probabilities for the reduced network are obtained from those in the original network is designed using the steady-state distribution (SSD) of the model. The performance of the algorithm is measured by the shift in the steady-state distribution after applying the mean-first-passage-time (MFPT) control policy, and the relative effect of the selection policy on the MFPT control policy.
The Pathogenesis of Tumors Induced by Helper Virus-Free Abelson Murine Leukemia Virus

The Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) rapidly induces pre-B cell lymphomas in susceptible mice (Risser et al., 1978) and transforms bone marrow lymphocytes in vitro (Rosenberg and Baltimore, 1976) when inoculated as a complex of virions containing A-MuLV genomes and Moloney MuLY (M-MuLV) genomes. Recently, we have analyzed the activity of helper virus-free A-MuLV pools harvested from supernatants of the psi2 retroviral packaging cell line which had been transfected with a cloned A-MuLV P160 provirus (Green et al., 1987a). The availability of helper virus-free A-MuLV has allowed us to follow the progression of transformed cells in vivo without the complications that result from virus replication (Green et al., 1987b; Whitlock et al., 1983). Individual transformed cells recovered from A-MuLV(psi2) -infected mice were analyzed molecularly and biologically to determine which properties correlate with the progression of the transformed cell to a fully malignant cell.
Chromosomal DNA, iron-transport systems, outer membrane proteins, and enterotoxin (heat labile) production in Salmonella typhi strains.

We examined a representative collection ofSalmonella typhi strains fromChile, Peru,Mexico, India, and England forthepresenceofseveral properties. Ailstrains hadaconserved pattern ofouter membraneproteins, asdetermined bysodiumdodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. Theelectrophoresis profiles of chromosomal DNA digested withEcoRIandPstIrestriction enzymeswere similar forallthestrains. A conserved pattern ofhybridization was observed whendigested chromosomal DNA was hybridized withDNA probes forthe36-kilodalton porin, enterobactin synthesis, andenterobactin receptor genes.AUlthestrains produced enterobactin butnotaerobactin inbioassays. Noneofthestrains produced heat-labile toxin, as measured byan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Colony andSouthern hybridizations withDNA probes foraerobactin synthesis anditsreceptor andheat-labile toxin geneswerenegative. Theseresults indicate that S.typhi strains fromdifferent origins havesimilar phenotypic andgenetic properties and,as hasbeen suggested, constitute a clone. Typhoid fever hasalmost totally disappeared asa causeof morbidity inindustrialized countries because ofimproved sanitary conditions inthepreparation offoodandwater, sewagedisposal, andtreatment ofcarriers (8). Nonetheless, typhoid fevercontinues tobean important public health problem insome developing countries, wherethetransmissionofthedisease ischaracterized byepidemics superimposed on anendemic background ofSalmonella typhi infections (8). Massive outbreaks oftyphoid fever during thepast 17years,withhundreds ofthousands ofcases,inMexico City, Mexico, Santiago, Chile, andLima,Peru(5), have usually beenduetobreakdowns inthetreatment ofwater, contaminated food, andimproper disposal ofsewage(5). Theconserved antigenic andmetabolic properties among different isolates ofS.typhi, aswellastherecentdemonstration ofa conserved isoenzyme pattern (17,18),have suggested thatallS.typhi strains worldwide are clonally related. Nonetheless, rRNAgenerestriction pattern analysis hasrecently provided a tool todifferentiate among S.typhi strains (3). Tounderstand S.typhi virulence, toelucidate the hostimmuneresponsetoitsantigens, andtodesign new vaccines anddiagnostic assays,itisimportant todetermine ifother S.typhi properties are constant among different S. typhiisolates (19). Included intheseproperties are the presenceofgenescoding forputative virulence factors and surface antigens. Twosuch genes arethose that codeforthe outermembraneproteins oftheenterochelin-mediated iron uptake systemandthe36-kilodalton (kDa)porin(6,11). Boththeporin andtheironuptakeproteins are important humanimmunogens andevokehightiters ofantibody in typhoid fever patients (6,11).We haveusedsuitable DNA probesandassays todetermine whetherthese genes and their products are conserved among S.typhistrains of different geographical origin.
Costs of Organic Milk Production on U.S. Dairy Farms

The impact of organic participation on milk production costs is evaluated using data from a nationwide survey of dairy operations. Organic dairies have estimated costs about $5 to $8 per cwt higher than conventional dairies. They also receive an average milk price premium of $6.69 per cwt in 2005. Production costs are estimated to be only $3 to $4 per cwt higher among pasture-based dairies. Results suggest that small conventional dairies may consider converting to the organic approach, but startup organic dairies are not likely unless they can enter at a much larger scale than the industry norm or can utilize pasture as a primary dairy feed source.
Empirical Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Available Bandwidth

The ability to measure end-to-end available bandwidth (AB) on a network path is useful in several domains, including overlay-routing infrastructure, network monitoring, and design of transport protocols. Several tools have, consequently, been proposed to estimate end-to-end AB. Unfortunately, existing evaluations of these tools are either not comprehensive or are biased by the current state of implementation technology. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive empirical evaluation of algorithmic techniques for measuring AB. In order to eliminate implementation-related biases, we rely on a simulated network environment and develop a generic implementation framework for instantiating different tools. We implement our framework in NS-2 and reproduce traffic from real Internet links in order to evaluate tools under different conditions of (i) traffic load, (ii) sampling intensities, (iii) measurement timescales, (iv) number of bottleneck links, and (iv) location of bottleneck. We evaluate the tools for their accuracy, run-time, overhead, intrusiveness, and impact on responsive traffic. Our results contradict some of those in prior work that does not eliminate implementation biases.
Robust Methods for Microarray Analysis

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Microarray Experiments and Analysis Methods Unsupervised Methods Supervised Methods Conclusion References ]]>
A search for social connection in America's town square: Times square and urban public life

Throughout the 20th century scholars, critics, and cultural practitioners explored relationships between urban space and public life. My ethnographic study of Times Square engages this larger conversation in an attempt to understand how images of a vibrant public sphere often collide with practices of everyday life. Because of the quantity of people who come to Times Square each year and the diversity of those people, the Square is an important place to locate and analyze questions about the construction and maintenance of a participatory public sphere. Further, photographs from the early part of the 20th century of crowds gathered in the Square to find out information via the newszipper at 1 Times Square, images of celebrations at the end of WWII, and footage of annual New Year's Eve celebrations in the district present Times Square as a site for collective action and social connection. I argue that these images conflict with an increasingly more prevalent desire by individuals in cities throughout the U...
Displacement, Migration and Resettlement in Darfur: Understanding Land Use as the Basis of Conflict

In this paper we analyze recent changes to land tenure and land use as the basis for conflict in Darfur. Using data from a three year study inside Darfur together with interviews with the displaced, we argue that new land laws from the Sudanese government are at odds with the culture and practice of the population. Turning first to the forced movement of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), we demonstrate how conflict has created slum conditions on the edges of cities in the region, where violence, hunger and labor insecurity are rife. At the same time, while much of the population has been corralled in these kinds of urban settings, we analyze the creation of new rural settlements called modern villages that are now appearing in the shadow of communities that were previously destroyed. Far from alleviating the pressure of life in the cities, we show that these villages now juxtapose of pro-government groups from the Sahel and locals who have been disenfranchised from their rights to land in these areas. We contend that an international land tenure commission is now needed to avert a violent conflict over this issue in the future.
On the Road with Chicana/o History: From Aztlán to the Alamo and Back

Chicana/o historians have transformed understandings of gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, identity, labor, and space in the United States. In dialogue with the articles for this special issue, my commentary reflects on some of the significant contributions of Chicana/o history, highlighting the themes of complexity and spatial metaphors. I concur with the authors that there still is much historical reconstruction to do, and suggest that this work is important intellectually and politically, given the hostile climate toward Mexicans and immigrants in many parts of the country. This commentary also provides an opportunity to share the course of my scholarly engagement with Chicana/o history and consider its far-reaching influence on my work in the history of medicine and public health in the U.S. West.
Halloween 2013: Another “100-Year” Storm and Flood in Central Texas

On Halloween 2013, central Texas was hit by the fourth flood event in fifteen years to have “100-year event” ascribed to its twenty-four-hour precipitation amounts and flood discharges. Major flood damage occurred near the confluence of the Blanco and San Marcos Rivers and along Onion Creek in Austin. We analyzed the precipitation and discharge values in light of traditional and updated models. When considered in light of updated criteria, the maximum twenty-four-hour precipitation was between a 50- and 100-year event, and most stations in the flood area received between 10- and 50-year amounts. Flood peaks included the third largest for Onion Creek at U.S. 183 (321mi2) at 135,000 ft3/sec, since 1969, and the fourth largest since 1929 for the Blanco River at Kyle (412 mi2) at 103,000 ft3/sec. When compared to historically based regression models for designated flood discharges, mostly rural areas had 25- to 100-year peaks, whereas gages in recently urbanized areas received discharges greater than the mode...
The determination of aflatoxins in peanuts

Objective:To determine aflatoxins in peanuts by using high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector and immuno-affinity column.Methods: The sample was extracted with V(H2O)∶ V(CH3OH)=30∶ 70,then separated by a immuno-affinity column after filteration.The purified solution was concentrated and evaporated to dryness.Aflatoxins were derivatized with TFA and detected and quantitated by HPLC with fluorescence detector.Results: Four aflatoxins G2,G1,B2,B1 were well separated.Detection limits were: 0.2 μg/kg,0.4 μg/kg,0.2 μg/kg,0.4 μg/kg.The average recovery rate: 81.5%~106.2%.The relative standarddeviation:1.1%~3.5%.Conclusion: This method can in make aflatoxins G2,G1,B2,B1 well separated in peanuts in a short time with accurate test result.
3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) Decreases Hepatic and Systemic Ratios of Epoxide to Diol Metabolites of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Male Rats

Disruption of the homeostasis of oxygenated regulatory lipid mediators (oxylipins), potential markers of exposure to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), is associated with a range of diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here we test the hypothesis that PCB 126 exposure alters the levels of oxylipins in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5-weeks old) were treated over a 3-month period every 2 weeks with intraperitoneal injections of PCB 126 in corn oil (cumulative doses of 0, 19.8, 97.8, and 390 µg/kg b.w.; 6 injections total). PCB 126 treatment caused a reduction in growth rates at the highest dose investigated, a dose-dependent decrease in thymus weights, and a dose-dependent increase in liver weights. Liver PCB 126 levels increased in a dose-dependent manner, while levels in plasma were below or close to the detection limit. The ratios of several epoxides to diol metabolites formed via the cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway from polyunsaturated fatty acids displayed a dose-dependent decrease in the liver and plasma, whereas levels of oxylipins formed by other metabolic pathways were generally not altered by PCB 126 treatment. The effects of PCB 126 on epoxide-to-diol ratios were associated with an increased CYP1A activity in liver microsomes and an increased sEH activity in liver cytosol and peroxisomes. These results suggest that oxylipins are potential biomarkers of exposure to PCB 126 and that the P450/sEH pathway is a therapeutic target for PCB 126-mediated hepatotoxicity that warrants further attention.
Using the Consumer Experience with Pharmacy Services Survey as a quality metric for ambulatory care pharmacies: older adults' perspectives.

Objectives To describe older adults' perceptions of evaluating and comparing pharmacies based on the Consumer Experience with Pharmacy Services Survey (CEPSS), describe older adults' perceived importance of the CEPSS and its specific domains, and explore older adults' perceptions of the influence of specific CEPSS domains in choosing/switching pharmacies. Design Focus group methodology was combined with the administration of a questionnaire. The focus groups explored participants' perceived importance of the CEPSS and their perception of using the CEPSS to choose and/or switch pharmacies. Then, using the questionnaire, participants rated their perceived importance of each CEPSS domain in evaluating a pharmacy, and the likelihood of using CEPSS to switch pharmacies if their current pharmacy had low ratings. Descriptive and thematic analyses were done. Setting 6 semistructured focus groups were conducted in a private meeting room in a Mid-Western state in the USA. Participants 60 English-speaking adults who were at least 65 years, and had filled a prescription at a retail pharmacy within 90 days. Results During the focus groups, the older adults perceived the CEPSS to have advantages and disadvantages in evaluating and comparing pharmacies. Older adults thought the CEPSS was important in choosing the best pharmacies and avoiding the worst pharmacies. The perceived influence of the CEPSS in switching pharmacies varied depending on the older adult's personal experience or trust of other consumers' experience. Questionnaire results showed that participants perceived health/medication-focused communication as very important or extremely important (n=47, 82.5%) in evaluating pharmacies and would be extremely likely (n=21, 36.8%) to switch pharmacies if their pharmacy had low ratings in this domain. Conclusions The older adults in this study are interested in using patient experiences as a quality metric for avoiding the worst pharmacies. Pharmacists' communication about health and medicines is perceived important and likely to influence older adults' pharmacy selection.
Daily Weight-Based Busulfan with Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide Produces Comparable Outcomes to Four-Times-Daily Busulfan Dosing for Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract High-dose busulfan (Bu) is an integral component of commonly used preparative regimens for both allogeneic and autologous transplantation. There is significant interest in comparing the efficacy and toxicity of administering Bu every 6 (Bu6) or every 24 hours (daily Bu). To facilitate a therapeutic dose-monitoring protocol, we transitioned from Bu6 to daily Bu dosing for patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Here, we retrospectively review outcomes of 400 consecutive eligible lymphoma patients who underwent ASCT from 2007 to 2013 with high-dose busulfan (Bu), cyclophosphamide (Cy), and etoposide (E). Bu was given at a fixed dose of either .8 mg/kg every 6 hours for 14 doses for 307 patients or a fixed dose of 2.8 mg/kg every 24 hours for 4 doses (days −9 through −6) for 93 patients who underwent transplantation after the transition from Bu6 to daily Bu was made. Toxicity was assessed using pulmonary and liver function tests (LFT) at specified time points before and after ASCT. Baseline patient and disease characteristics of patients dosed with Bu6 and daily Bu were similar. There was no significant difference in forced expiratory volume in 1 second or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide before and after transplantation in the Bu6 versus daily Bu cohorts. Changes in LFTs with daily Bu were not significantly different than those with Bu6. There were no differences in relapse, nonrelapse mortality, progression-free survival, or overall survival between Bu6 and Bu 24 administration schedules in univariable or multivariable analysis (P ≥ .34). For a subset of 23 patients who had first-dose Bu levels measured, we observed significant variation in an median estimated cumulative area under the curve (AUC) of 17,568 µM-minute (range, 12,104 µM-23,084 µM-minute). In conclusion, daily Bu with Cy/E is more convenient than Bu6, has equivalent outcomes, and results in no increase in either hepatic or pulmonary toxicity. Consistent with previous reports, there is a significant range of Bu AUC levels, with a standard deviation of 13%. These data provide rationale for our prospective clinical trial of real-time therapeutic dose monitoring of Bu.
Mitigation Strategies for Systems Subjected to Vibratory, Shock and Seismic Loads

Worldwide, society has made a tremendous investment in constructed infrastructure, such as buildings and bridges. While the fraction of infrastructure vulnerable to large-scale earthquakes tends to belocalized by geography (e.g., the Pacific Rim), there is ample evidence for widespread vulnerability. This strongly suggests the need to develop eective strategies to protect not only new construction but also existing structures likely to be subjected to damaging eathquakes. While various passive, semi-active and active methods for mitigating the eects of earthquakes have been designed for and in some cases applied to large scale structures, none has been shown to be simple, inexpensive, and widely applicable. We now examine the application of TET to the seismic protection of frame structures, in response to this need for a fully passive isolation strategy, lightweight and inexpensive but capable of high performance over a wide range of earthquakes of dierent properties.
Great support act

Drugs at music festivals have made headlines again of late. There have been deaths, and some people have ended up with mental health problems. Here, Franciotti discusses putting healthcare first that can spare festival drug users long-term harm.
The prospect of humanising development discourse in Africa through Christian anthropology

The invention of development as public discourse began with US President Truman’s 1949 speech that trumped up an illusion of global material prosperity based on a total restructuring of the ‘developing’ world on the model of development and material achievement of the West. Truman argued that this painful process was the only recipe for world prosperity. After decades of serious engagement on development discourse and multiple implementations of successive theories, the situation of the developing countries has not improved as rapidly as expected. At the same time, the developed countries are experiencing various forms of financial crises. This article acknowledges the professionalisation of development discourse, and proposes humanising development discourse in Africa in the light of Christian anthropology. This vision of integral development promotes the common good on the basis of God’s love and respect for the uniqueness of the human person.
Religion and prosocial behavior among the Indo-Fijians

ABSTRACTPrevious research has claimed that world religions can extend the in-group beyond local and ethnic boundaries to form larger multi-ethnic groups, expanding human societies. Two experiments ...
Copula-based nonlinear modeling of the law of one price for lumber products

This paper proposes an alternative and potentially novel approach to analyzing the law of one price in a nonlinear fashion. Copula-based models that consider the joint distribution of prices separated by space are developed and applied to weekly prices for lumber products. The copulas capture nonlinearities that arise in the extremes of the joint distributions of price differentials and suggest faster equilibrating adjustments when deviations from parity are extreme.
INFLUENCE CHARTS FOR TWO-LAYER ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS

INFLUENCE CHARTS DEVELOPED BY NEWMARK HAVE BEEN USED QUITE EXTENSIVELY FOR COMPUTING STRESSES IN SOIL FOUNDA- TIONS. THE CHARTS ARE BASED ON BOUSSINESQ'S THEORY BY ASSUMING THAT THE SOIL IS SEMI-INFINITE, HOMOGENEOUS, ISOTROPIC, AND ELASTIC. THIS TECHNICAL NOTE PRESENTS INFLUENCE CHARTS WHICH ARE SIMILAR TO AND ARE USED IN THE SAME MANNER AS THOSE PRESENTED BY NEWMARK FOR COMPUTING THE VERTICAL STRESSES AT THE INTERFACE OF THE TWO LAYERS AND THE VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS ON THE SURFACE OF A TWO-LAYER FOUNDATION. THE DESIGN OF THESE TWO-LAYER FOUNDATIONS GENERALLY REQUIRES THAT THE VERTICAL STRESSES IMPOSED ON THE INFERIOR MATERIAL AND THE VERTICAL DEFLECTIONS INDUCED ON THE SURFACE BE WITHIN ALLOWABLE LIMITS SO THAT NEITHER SHEAR FAILURE NOR EXCESSIVE SETTLEMENT WILL TAKE PLACE. THE INFLUENCE CHARTS WERE DEVELOPED USING BURMISTER'S TWO-LAYER ELASTIC THEORY. THE STRESS AND DEFLECTION WERE COMPUTED USING AN IBM 360 COMPUTER AND THE RESULTS PRESENTED IN THE FIGURES. REFERENCES: INFLUENCE CHARTS FOR COMPUTATION OF STRESSES IN ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS, N. M. NEWMARK, BULLETIN NO. 338, ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTAL STATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, NOVEMBER 1942.
Gflip/ox in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.

e15192 Background: GFLIP and GLIP/Ox (Bruckner et al. ASCO, 2008) are effective in the treatment of pancreatic cancer (Bruckner, et.al. ASCO, 2008). A similar regimen FOLFIRINOX proved successful i...
Non-Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinases

Reversible phosphorylation of proteins has proved to be the most widely-employed regulatory mechanism governing cell behavior. Seminal studies performed in the 1960s by Edwin Krebs and colleagues on the regulation of glucose homeostasis paved the way for the enumeration of literally hundreds of protein kinases acting in species as diverse as bacteria and mammals (Krebs, 1993). Within this broad group, the protein tyrosine kinases have attracted special attention as regulators of cell proliferation. In particular, the receptors for numerous polypeptide growth factors, including epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin (among many others), are themselves transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases which stimulate replication through activation of their intrinsic kinase function (Schlessinger and Ullrich, 1992). Where detailed study has been possible, interaction with cognate ligand stimulates dimerization of the growth factor receptors in the membrane, and subsequent augmentation of phosphate transfer. Substrates for this kinase activity include the receptor molecules themselves, which when phosphorylated manifest binding sites for regulatory enzymes that stimulate membrane phospholipid catabolism, the accumulation of p21 ras in its GTP-bound form, and the phosphorylation of transcription factors (Schlessinger and Ullrich, 1992). In this light, it is unsurprising that growth factor receptor stimulation may affect the differentiative state of the cell as well as its replicative properties. Thus, for example, stimulation of the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor, a typical receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase, encourages the differentiation of myeloid progenitors into macrophages (Sherr, 1991).
Does regulation induce homogenisation? An analysis of three voucher programmes in the United States

ABSTRACTWe examine whether voucher programme regulation reduces private school specialisation in the US. We employ school-and-year fixed-effects regression and examine individual private schools in Washington, DC, Indiana, and Louisiana as they transition into voucher programme environments. We leverage the Private School Universe Survey to observe how schools self-identify before and after switching into voucher environments. We find that upon switching into school voucher environments, private schools in all 3 locations are more likely to identify as less specialised than they were prior to entering the programmes. We find suggestive evidence that the homogenising effects may be stronger in more heavily regulated voucher programme environments, and that those schools in more lightly regulated environments are more likely to continue highlighting their specialised approach to education. These findings are examined within an institutional theory framework to understand the potential homogenising effect of...
A Spell Checker for a World Language: The New Microsoft's Spanish Spell Checker.

This paper reports work carried out to develop a speller for Spanish at Microsoft Corporation, discusses the technique for isolated-word error correction used by the speller, provides general descriptions of the error data collection and error typology, and surveys a variety of linguistic considerations relevant when dealing with a world language spread over several countries and exposed to different language influences. We show that even though it has been claimed that the state of the art for practical applications based on isolated word error correction does not offer always a sensible set of ranked candidates for the misspelling, the introduction of a finer-grained categorization of errors and the use of their relative frequency has had a positive impact in the speller application developed for Spanish (the corresponding evaluation data is presented).
Facial Reanimation for Temporal Bone Cancer

The facial nerve is frequently at risk during surgical treatment of cancers that involve the temporal bone. Herein we discuss techniques for facial nerve repair, as well as static and dynamic reanimation. An algorithm for addressing loss of facial nerve function secondary to tumor invasion or oncologic resection is presented.
V. O. Key Goes Urban: Toward Understanding a Changing Political Order:

A body of recent work shows that the urban political arena and its analysis are undergoing a profound shift. Through a political-order concept inspired by the work of V. O. Key, this essay examines...
Data-Driven Topology Estimation with Limited Sensors in Radial Distribution Feeders

Topology estimation is a central part of the wider state estimation problem in electrical networks. We describe a method for data-driven topology estimation in radial distribution feeders with limited sensors. Our algorithm, based on voltage event correlation, estimates a fixed, unknown topology using voltage magnitude measurements collected over several hours and stored in the high performance time-series Berkeley Tree Database. In addition to a topology estimate, our correlation-based algorithm returns a short, human-interpretable snapshot of measurement data that validates the topology estimate. We test our correlation based algorithm on microsynchrophasor data collected on an operational distribution feeder.
Analysis of Variability in Curing Conditions and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Within Barns of Dark Air-Cured Tobacco

Significant variability in cured-leaf tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) content is commonly observed when sampling within dark air-curing barns. This variability may be due to inconsistency in th...
MR-REX: molecular replacement by cooperative conformational search and occupancy optimization on low-accuracy protein models.

Molecular replacement (MR) has commonly been employed to derive the phase information in protein crystal X-ray diffraction, but its success rate decreases rapidly when the search model is dissimilar to the target. MR-REX has been developed to perform an MR search by replica-exchange Monte Carlo simulations, which enables cooperative rotation and translation searches and simultaneous clash and occupancy optimization. MR-REX was tested on a set of 1303 protein structures of different accuracies and successfully placed 699 structures at positions that have an r.m.s.d. of below 2 A to the target position, which is 10% higher than was obtained by Phaser. However, cases studies show that many of the models for which Phaser failed and MR-REX succeeded can be solved by Phaser by pruning them and using nondefault parameters. The factors effecting success and the parts of the methodology which lead to success are studied. The results demonstrate a new avenue for molecular replacement which outperforms (and has results that are complementary to) the state-of-the-art MR methods, in particular for distantly homologous proteins.
Bioinactive Growth Hormone and Secondary Growth Hormone Deficiency

It is now well established that a significant number of growth-impaired children respond to treatment with replacement doses of growth hormone (GH).(1–4) These patients, who were formerly thought to have either constitutional delay or familial short stature, are presently included in a new syndrome called the “normal variant short stature” or “GH-dependent growth failure.” I am going to present some of our old data and our most recent results which lead us to conclude that we are not dealing with a single syndrome but with a group of distinct diagnostic entities that will require the use of new diagnostic tools.
Measuring Judicial Minimalism on the Roberts Court

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive technique to accurately measure the various options judges have when exercising their power of judicial review. We begin with a discussion of the problems with the way judicial review has been conceptualized, namely as a dichotomous — uphold or strike down — choice. We then propose a new way to operationalize judicial review. Our nuanced measure considers both narrow and broad variants of upholding or striking behavior. We identify five distinct categories: (1) Uphold Broadly, (2) Uphold Narrowly, (3) Strike Down As Applied (4) Strike Down On Face Narrowly, and (5) Strike Down On Face Broadly. We also demonstrate how different combinations of these categories can help measure different conceptualizations of judicial restraint – conventional judicial restraint, judicial minimalism and passive virtues. We then explicate our measure through a detailed examination of illustrative Supreme Court decisions for each category. We also present results from data we have coded for all of the decisions of the Rehnquist and Roberts Courts from the 1994 term through the end of the 2011 term involving judicial review of federal law. Ultimately, we suggest that our more nuanced measure of judicial review will help us better understand judicial decision making, particularly as it relates to separation-of-powers questions and the broader impact of decisions of lawmaking and policymaking in Congress and the executive branch. Understanding the choices justices face when voting to dispose of a case will also help our understanding of choices justices make in the decision-making process. We conclude that the Roberts Court has become a more minimalist that its predecessor, the Rehnquist Court, primarily through exercising what Alexander Bickel termed, "the passive virtues."
Analysis of some acoustics-jet flow interaction problems

Analytical problems in the interactions between the mean-shear flows and the acoustic field in the planar and circular jets are examined. These problems are basic in understanding the effects of coherent large structure on the generation and complications of sound in a sub-sonic jet. Three problems were investigated: (1) spatial (vs. temporal) normal mode analysis in a planar jets; (2) a slightly divergent, planar jet; and (3) acoustic waves in an axisymmetrical jet.