cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Treatment and Outcomes of Zygomycosis in a Non-oncologic Tertiary Care Center

Background Zygomycosis is an emerging mycosis of increasing relevance. Limited data exist for outcomes with contemporary therapies. Methods A 6-year retrospective chart review was performed in a non-oncological tertiary care center for patients with zygomycosis. Results Sixteen episodes of proven (EORTC/MSG criteria) zygomycosis were identified. The average age was 49.2 years. Sites of infection were surgical/traumatic wound [5], rhinocerebral [4], disseminated [2], pulmonary [2], peritoneal [2], and localized skin [1]. Associated conditions included diabetes [7], ketoacidosis [2], end-stage renal disease [4], surgery/trauma [4], steroids [3], solid organ transplant [2], neutropenia [1], and intravenous drug use [1]. Twelve patients had surgical debridement. Medical therapy included liposomal amphotericin B, conventional amphotericin B (CAB), and amphotericin B lipid complex. Overall mortality was 4/16 (25%), occurring in a patient each with rhinocerebral, pulmonary, surgical wound infection, and disseminated disease. Mortality with surgical treatment was 2/12 (17%) vs. 2/4 (50%) without surgery. Mortality for patients treated with CAB was 1/3 vs. 3/12 for those treated with any lipid preparation. Serious morbidity occurred in 7/12 survivors. Conclusions In this limited study of contemporary therapies, patients with zygomycosis from a non-oncological tertiary care center have lower mortality than classically described. This disease and its treatments are still associated with severe morbidity, disfigurement, and disability.
Some observations on forensic issues in community mental health

Mental health professionals in the community mental health system must become more aware of the forensic issues that can be raised in their everyday practice.
Mutagenesis resulting from depurination is an SOS process

Abstract When bacteriophage φX174 am3 DNA depurinated in vitro is transferted into E. coli spherplasts prepared from bacteria previously exposed to UV light, a strong mutagenic response is observed. This mutagenic response does not occur in spheroplasts derived from pre-irradiated bacteria carrying defective recF, recF or umuC genes. These findings indicate that mutagenesis at apurinic sites is an SOS-dependent process. The mutagenic response is not dependent on the multiplicity of transfection. This suggests that mutagenesis is not mediated by recombination.
Test of predicted gamma stability at spins above 8

The nucleus $^{64}\mathrm{Zn}$ is predicted to be \ensuremath{\gamma} unstable at low spin, but \ensuremath{\gamma} stable at spins of 8\ensuremath{\Elzxh} and above. In order to see if this structural change is manifested in the decay scheme, this nucleus has been studied via \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}, recoil-\ensuremath{\gamma}, and recoil-\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma} coincidence techniques using the reaction $^{12}\mathrm{C}$${(}^{54}$Fe,2p) at 155 MeV. Twenty new levels have been observed with spins of up to 12\ensuremath{\Elzxh}, but no evidence is observed for the predicted onset of gamma stability.
Determining Potential Yeast Longevity Genes via PPI Networks and Microarray Data Clustering Analysis

Identification of genes involved in lifespan extension is a pre-requisite for studying aging and age-dependent diseases. So far, very few genes have been identified that relate to longevity. The process of analyzing each single gene one at a time can be a very long and expensive process. It is known that approximately 10% of 6000 yeast genes are lifespan related genes, however, less than 100 genes are identified as longevity genes. The interconnection of multiple genes and the time-dependent protein-protein interactions make researchers use systems biology as a first tool to predict genes potentially involved in aging. In this study, we combined analyses of protein-protein interaction data and micro array data to predict longevity genes. A dataset of all 6000 yeast genes was utilized and a protein-protein interaction ratio was used to narrow the dataset. Next, a hierarchical clustering algorithm was created to group the resulting data. From these clusters, conclusion of 6 highly possible longevity genes was drawn based on the amount of longevity genes in each cluster. Based on our latest information, one of our predicted genes is identified as a longevity gene. Wet lab experiments are applied to our predicted genes for supporting the findings.
Assessing the effect of intervention on AIDS development induced by blood transfusion

To assess the effects of random test and various factors on AIDS epidemic, in this paper we consider the situation in which AIDS transmission is developed by blood transfusion and then proceed to develop a stochastic model involving latency of AIDS viruses. Using computed simulation, we then compute and compare the probabilities of developing AIDS for both tested and not tested individuals. The effects of various factors are also being assessed by computer simulation results. It is demonstrated that even within the Weibull family, different probability distributions of latency and incubation insert very different effects on the time to AIDS symptoms and the effects of intervention by random test and treatment.
Silver-Russell syndrome: a report of case

A case of an 8-year-old female with Silver-Russell syndrome is presented. The clinical and radiographic manifestations of this syndrome are reviewed. The patient was treated for severely carious teeth and loss of space in the posterior quadrants. The treatment was complicated by the patient's small mouth and crowded dentition. Early eruption of the permanent teeth was noted and thought to be related to the syndrome but the literature did not confirm or contradict this possible theory. Treatment was aimed at restoring the remaining restorable teeth, preventing further space loss, and improving oral hygiene.
Consequences of Spp̄S collider data for extrapolations of cross sections and slopes

Abstract A variety of fits to pp and pp total cross sections and ϱ( = Re ƒ/ Im ƒ) values are made, including the data from the SppS collider. These fits are contrasted with those made without the collider data. If the full data from the set (√s > 5 GeV) is used, the fits with σ growing asymptotically as log2 ( s/ s 0 ) fail. Fits with σ eventually becoming constant are successful. Fits with σ growing asymptotically as log2 ( s/ s 0 ) give an adequate fit to the data if either the SppS data are excluded or if the data below √s = 15 GeV are excluded.
Automated visual field examination in children aged 5-8 years : Part II : Normative values

We determined normative values for the visual sensitivity threshold in 118 children aged 5-8 years, using automated static perimetry (Octopus 2000R, program 32). In addition, 17 normal adults were tested. The children first underwent a familiarization procedure. One week later, quantitative examination was performed according to a specially designed schedule divided into three phases. For each of the 76 points tested, mean thresholds and standard deviations were calculated as a function of age. In contrast to previous studies, sensitivity difference between adults and children over the central 30 degrees of the visual field emerged only for the youngest age groups (5- and 6-year olds). Both the response rate in false-negative trials, and values of a within-subject threshold variability index, suggested that 5- and 6-year-olds' higher thresholds were inflated by non physiological factors, such as vigilance and cognitive processes. For these ages, the data reported here should therefore be considered as an approximation of the upper level of the thresholds. In contrast, our results for 7- and 8 year-old children provided reliable normative values for light sensitivity across the visual field.
Turbulent Steady-State Configuration of an Inductively Driven Reversed Field Pinch Plasma

An inductively driven reversed field pinch plasma has a time-averaged steady-state magnetic configuration. The configuration, which is force-free, corresponds to a state of minimum rate of dissipation of magnetic energy for a prescribed rate of dissipation of magnetic helicity. The ratio of the two dissipation rates equals the ratio of the sustaining Poynting flux to magnetic helicity flux at the boundary. The turbulence arises because it is not possible to maintain a stationary Poynting flux. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Jet-Cooled Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Some Alkoxy Radicals

The laser-induced fluorescence spectra of jet-cooled alkoxy radicals were recorded. Spectra were observed for both isomers of propoxy and all three isomers of butoxy. In nearly all cases, the vibrational structure of the spectra are dominated by a C−O stretch progression, which, however, terminates much more abruptly for the primary isomers than for the more branched ones. For each of the radicals (except t-butoxy), a number of low-frequency (below the C−O stretch) vibrational modes were assigned by analogies among the alkoxy spectra and reference to frequencies from ab initio calculations. A few higher frequency modes were also assigned using similar approaches.
Degenerate T-Cell Receptor Recognition, Autoreactive Cells, and the Autoimmune Response in Multiple Sclerosis:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading cause of disability in the young adult population. While the immunopathogenetic mechanisms that drive the disease have been extensively studied, the autoantigens that trigger the chronic central nervous system inflammation are still not identified. Flexibility/ degeneracy of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in antigen recognition could have a physiological role in thymic selection and the development of comprehensive TCR repertoire and protection from infections. Here, the author explores the possibility that such flexibility/degeneracy may also play a role in the induction of autoimmune diseases. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles of the DR2 haplotype DR2a (DRB5*0101) and DR2b (DRB1*1501) are genes associated with an increased risk for MS in Caucasian populations. Peptide binding to the MHC molecule is a prerequisite for recognition by TCRs, whereby the CD4+ T-cell response is restricted by specific MHC class II DR molecules. To selectively expand and characterize DR2-restricted T-cells with degenerate TCR (TCR(deg)), the authors designed MHC class II DR2-anchored peptide mixtures, which preferentially bind to the DR2a and DR2b antigen-presenting molecules. Peptides in these mixtures have specific amino acids in the DR2 binding positions but have randomized amino acids at all other positions of the peptide. Due to the low concentration of individual peptides in these mixtures/libraries, the authors assume that only T-cells with TCR(deg) will proliferate in response to these mixtures. The authors have recently identified an increased DR2 restricted TCR(deg) T-cell frequency in MS patients in comparison to healthy controls, their cross-reactivity to myelin basic protein, and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, all of which suggest that these cells may play a role in the development of the autoimmune response in MS.
CEGMA: a pipeline to accurately annotate core genes in eukaryotic genomes.

Motivation The numbers of finished and ongoing genome projects are increasing at a rapid rate, and providing the catalog of genes for these new genomes is a key challenge. Obtaining a set of well-characterized genes is a basic requirement in the initial steps of any genome annotation process. An accurate set of genes is needed in order to learn about species-specific properties, to train gene-finding programs, and to validate automatic predictions. Unfortunately, many new genome projects lack comprehensive experimental data to derive a reliable initial set of genes. Results In this study, we report a computational method, CEGMA (Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach), for building a highly reliable set of gene annotations in the absence of experimental data. We define a set of conserved protein families that occur in a wide range of eukaryotes, and present a mapping procedure that accurately identifies their exon-intron structures in a novel genomic sequence. CEGMA includes the use of profile-hidden Markov models to ensure the reliability of the gene structures. Our procedure allows one to build an initial set of reliable gene annotations in potentially any eukaryotic genome, even those in draft stages. Availability Software and data sets are available online at http://korflab.ucdavis.edu/Datasets.
Conception rates after abortion with methotrexate and misoprostol

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the fertility of a cohort of women within 1 year after receiving methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion. Methods: Participants in a clinical trial of medical abortion were contacted at 1–6 months and approximately 12 months after the study abortion to obtain fertility information. For both interviews, subjects were asked about sexual activity, contraception used since the abortion, and any pregnancies (and their outcomes) since the abortion. Results: Ninety-three (81.6%) of 114 subjects were able to be contacted. Follow-up intervals ranged from 1 to 19 completed months (median 11 months) after the study abortion. During the follow-up period, 23 (24.7%) women became pregnant; none had been attempting to achieve pregnancy. One patient had a normal term delivery, one had a spontaneous abortion and the remainder had elective abortions. Conclusions: Women who have a medical abortion with low-dose intramuscular methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol remain at high risk for unintended pregnancy.
Molecular characterization of Embellisia and Nimbya species and their relationship to Alternaria, Ulocladium and Stemphylium.

DNA sequences from rDNA and protein- coding regions were determined for six Embellisia and two Nimbya spp. and were compared to those from Alternaria, Ulocladium and Stemphylium spp. Se- quences determined included rDNA from the nucle- ar internal transcribed-spacer region (ITS1/5.8S/ ITS2) and the mitochondrial small-subunit (mt SSU) and a portion of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate de- hydrogenase (gpd) gene. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on each dataset separately and then com- bined for total evidence analysis using methods of maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. Re- sults revealed that Embellisia and Nimbya clustered within a large monophyletic Alternaria-Nimbya-Embel- lisia-Ulocladium clade with Stemphylium as the sister taxon. Members of the infectoria species-group were the most basal group in this large polygeneric clade. Embellisia and Nimbya were sister taxa of the remain- ing Alternaria and Ulocladium spp. and were related more closely to Alternaria than was Stemphylium. Four Embellisia spp. formed a monophyletic clade. How- ever, E. allii clustered with the two Nimbya spp. and E. indefessa clustered with Alternaria and Ulocladium spp., revealing that Embellisia, as currently circum- scribed, is polyphyletic. Potential revisions of taxon- omy for all genera are discussed.
Acute stroke patients are being underfed: a nitrogen balance study.

Introduction: Patients with acute neurological illness may be hypercatabolic. The Harris-Benedict Equation (HBE) is used to estimate energy needs in acute stroke. A “stress factor” for stroke does not exist, and it is not known if the HBE accurately estimates the energy expenditure needs in acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We sought to assess nitrogen balance in patients with acute stroke and to determine the variables associated with negative nitrogen balance. Materials and Methods: This was a case series, single-center study. Eligibility criteria included acute stroke requiring enteral nutrition, tolerating tube feedings at goal, normal urine output, and no underlying catabolic illness. Enteral feeding was adjusted to meet HBE requirements. After 24 hours of goal feeding, a 12-hour urine collection for nitrogen excretion was done. We determined if any of the following variables were associated with negative nitrogen balance: gender, glucose 6.6 mmol/L or more, age 80 years or older, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 20 or higher, mechanical ventilation, and diabetes mellitus. Results: We studied 27 patients (10 with intracranial hemorrhages and 17 with ischemic strokes) during an 18-month period. The median age was 80 (range: 48–90), and the median NIHSS was 19 (range: 4–38). The median time to feeding was 2 days (range: 1–8), the median time from onset to nitrogen balance was 5 days (range: 2–11), and the median interval between initiation of feeding and nitrogen collection was 2 days (range: 1–5) Negative nitrogen balance was seen in 12 of 27 (44%) patients. There was no relation between age, NIHSS, stroke type, admission glucose, history of diabetes, and mechanical ventilation use and nitrogen balance. Only 11 of 27 patients were anabolic. Conclusion: Critically ill stroke patients are being underfed using the current methods to estimate caloric needs. Hypercatabolism is common in acute stroke; clinical variables do not seem to allow prediction of this catabolic state.
An analysis of VI Architecture primitives in support of parallel and distributed communication

We present the results of a detailed study of the Virtual Interface (VI) paradigm as a communication foundation for a distributed computing environment. Using Active Messages and the Split-C global memory model, we analyze the inherent costs of using VI primitives to implement these high-level communication abstractions. We demonstrate a minimum mapping cost (i.e. the host processing required to map one abstraction to a lower abstraction) of 5.4 μs for both Active Messages and Split-C using four-way 550 MHz Pentium III SMPs and the Myrinet network. We break down this cost to the use of individual VI primitives in supporting flow control, buffer management and event processing and identify the completion queue as the source of the highest overhead. Bulk transfer performance plateaus at 44 Mbytes/s for both implementations are due to the addition of fragmentation requirements. Based on this analysis, we present the implications for the VI successor, Infiniband. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social stereotypes and information-processing strategies: The impact of task complexity.

Subjects read information about a defendant in a criminal trial with initial instructions to judge either his guilt (guilt judgment objective) or his aggressiveness (trait judgment objective). The defendant was either Hispanic or ethnically nondescript. After considering the evidence, subjects made both guilt and aggressiveness judgments (regardless of which type of judgment they were instructed to make at the time they read the information) and then recalled as much of the information they read as they could. Results favored the hypothesis that when subjects face a complex judgmental situation, they use stereotypes (when available and relevant) as a way of simplifying the judgment. Specifically, they use the stereotype as a central theme around which they organize presented evidence that is consistent with it, and they neglect inconsistent information. Subjects with a (complex) guilt judgment objective judged the defendant to be relatively more guilty and aggressive and recalled more negative information about him if he was Hispanic than if he was ethnically nondescript. In contrast, subjects with a (simple) trait judgment objective did not perceive either the guilt or aggressiveness of the two defendants to be appreciably different, and did not display any significant bias in their recall of the evidence. These and other results are discussed in terms of the information-processing strategies subjects are likely to use when they expect to make different types of judgments.
Pathology of the liver in severe combined immunodeficiency and DiGeorge syndrome

Review of liver biopsy or autopsy material from 33 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or combined immunodeficiency and four patients with DiGeorge syndrome revealed a wide range of hepatic pathology. The most common abnormality was graft-versus-host disease (16 patients), followed by viral infection (4 patients had adenovirus hepatitis, 3 had cytomegalovirus hepatitis). Centrilobular fibrosis with or without veno-occlusive disease was seen in five patients. Three patients had nonspecific hepatitis, four had changes attributed to total parenteral nutrition, and two had lymphoproliferative disorders involving the liver. Both patients with lymphoproliferative disorders had received transplants. Two patients had resolving necrosis probably secondary to non-A, non-B hepatitis. One had atypical mycobacterial infection. Hemosiderosis was a common nonspecific abnormality, seen in nine patients. All patients with hepatic graft-versus-host disease had received transplants or nonirradiated blood products. Hepatic graft-versus-host disease varied in severity from hepatic necrosis with destruction of both large and small bile ducts in a transfusion-associated case to subtle damage to interlobular bile ducts. Even minimal bile duct changes correlated with the clinical impression of graft-versus-host disease in these patients. Late chronic graft-versus-host disease was not seen in any patient, although acute graft-versus-host disease sometimes occurred late after transplant.
Iron in Groundwater: A Source for Anemia Prevention

While anemia can result from many conditions including infectious diseases such as hook worm and malaria, micronutrient deficiencies of folate, vitamin A and vitamin B 12 , to name a few, and inherited blood disorders such as thalassemia, the consensus is that half of all anemia cases, world-wide, can be attributed to iron deficiency [3]. This assumption is based on evidence from surveys providing iron status information in addition to hemoglobin concentration and an understanding that conventional, staple-based diets, namely in resource poor settings, are low in bioavailable iron. Policy makers responded by encouraging iron supplementation to populations among whom anemia rates are known or expected to be elevated [4]. These programs have been very successful at reducing the burden of anemia and continue to provide a relatively inexpensive, valuable treatment and prevention strategy to vulnerable groups. In the same resource-limited environments were diets are poor, populations often experience increased exposure to infectious diseases that exacerbate the risk of blood loss and reduced hemoglobin. To complicate the public health response to anemia further, increasing evidence, most notably among children, suggests that there may be negative health consequences associated with providing untargeted iron supplementation to those who are regularly exposed to certain infectious diseases such as malaria [5] or enteric pathogens [6,7]. The disparate response to iron supplementation is thought to occur as a result of two mechanisms: 1) decreased epithelial integrity among those who are iron sufficient as a result of unabsorbed iron remaining in the gut and 2) increased enteric pathogen growth rates and virulence as a result of having a large supply of iron. Results from a recent study investigating the impact of consuming iron from drinking groundwater add complexity to the challenge of defining how to address anemia prevention through iron supplementation efficiently while adapting to unique environmental characteristics. One of the first studies exploring the association between consumption of naturally iron rich water and health outcomes showed that children in Bangladesh living in households with a tubewell iron concentration >1 mg/L of iron were significantly taller than those with groundwater iron <1 mg/L [8]. Subsequently, Spatone Iron-Plus, a marketed naturally occurring mineral water with an iron concentration of roughly 200 mg/L of ferrous sulphate, was found to provide a highly bioavailable iron source for pregnant women [9]. With an interest to explore water as a source of iron, many studies have been conducted in Brazil showing that water fortified with iron (and ascorbic acid) improves hemoglobin, iron status and growth [10].
PLURAL: checking protocol compliance under aliasing

Enforcing compliance to API usage protocols is notoriously hard due to possible aliasing of objects through multiple references. In previous work we proposed a sound, modular approach to checking protocol compliance based on typestates that offers a great deal of flexibility in aliasing. In our approach, API protocols are defined based on typestates. Every reference is associated with a permission, and reasoning about permissions is appropriately conservative for the "degree" of possible aliasing admitted by a permission.This paper describes Plural, a tool to automatically enforce typestate-based protocols using permissions in Java. API developers can specify protocols with simple annotations on methods and method parameters. A static flow analysis tracks permissions in code that uses specified APIs and issues warnings for possible protocol violations.
Shape contexts enable efficient retrieval of similar shapes

In this paper we demonstrate that a recently introduced shape descriptor, the "shape context", can be used to quickly prune a search for similar shapes. Our representation for a shape is a discrete set of n points sampled from its internal and external contours. For each of these points, the shape context is a histogram of the relative positions of the n - 1 remaining points. We present two methods for rapid shape retrieval: one that does comparisons based on a small number of shape contexts and another that uses vector quantization in the space of shape contexts. We verify the discriminative power of these methods with tests on the Columbia (COIL-100) 3D object database and the Snodgrass and Vanderwart line drawings. The shape context-based methods are shown to quickly produce an accurate shortlist of candidates suitable for a more exact matching engine in spite of pose variation and occlusion.
Novel pathogenetic mechanisms in myocarditis: nitric oxide signaling.

The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway plays important roles in the regulation of most organ systems, participating in physiologic regulation and pathophysiologic organ dysfunction. Physiologic NO signaling is mediated by the precise subcellular localization of NO synthases (NOS) in proximity to target effector molecules [1–4]. Organ dysfunction can occur by NOS downregulation, loss of spatial localization, or the induction of high-output NOS isoforms, such as inducible or calcium-independent NOS (iNOS or NOS2), leading to nitrosative stress. Myocarditis represents a prototypic clinical scenario for the dysregulation of NOS isoforms within the heart. This article reviews the physiologic roles for neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1) and endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3) in cardiac function, and the various consequences of spatial regulation of NOS
Propagation effects at the focus of single-cycle terahertz pulses

Summary form only given. We investigate experimentally and numerically the temporal profiles of single-cycle pulses passing through a focus. Both experimental and numerical results show significant pulse shaping, time reversal, and superluminal propagation as a pulse evolves through the focus.
Quality assurance programs to meet CLIA requirements

CLIA '88 delineates specific quality assurance (QA) practices for cytology laboratories in the United States. In addition, there are general requirements that all types of clinical laboratories must meet to satisfy the CLIA law and regulations. This paper describes the origins and objectives of CLIA and it outlines the major sections of the legislation. To satisfy the regulations, every laboratory must develop its own quality assurance plan that addresses each of the specific conditions and standards. Furthermore, the laboratory must monitor its performance and document that, indeed, the QA systems are operating effectively. The article then describes the quality assurance plan of the Cytology Department of the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. The department uses 28 monitors to determine compliance with the criteria and standards and to prevent problems in its day-to-day operation. When standards are not met or are exceeded, action steps are specified. Diagn Cytopathol 1994;11:195–200. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Compressed supersymmetry and natural neutralino dark matter from top squark-mediated annihilation to top quarks

The parameters of the minimal supersymmetric standard model appear to require uncomfortably precise adjustment in order to reconcile the electroweak symmetry breaking scale with the lower mass limits on a neutral Higgs scalar boson. This problem can be significantly ameliorated in models with a running gluino mass parameter that is smaller than the wino mass near the scale of unification of gauge couplings. A compressed superpartner mass spectrum results; compared to models with unified gaugino masses, the ratios of the squark and gluino masses to the lightest superpartner mass are reduced. I argue that in this scenario the annihilation of binolike neutralino pairs to top-antitop quark pairs through top-squark exchange can most naturally play the crucial role in ensuring that the thermal relic dark matter density is not too large, with only a small role played by coannihilations. The lightest superpartner mass must then exceed the top-quark mass, and the lighter top squark cannot decay to a top quark. These conditions have important implications for collider searches.
Practical Techniques and Accuracy for Sexing the Potato Tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Numerous life history studies of the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a serious pest that affects potato production worldwide, have been done (Langford & Cory 1932; Mukherjee 1949; Bartolini 1951; Stanev & Kaitazov 1962; Ai-Ali et al. 1975; Foot 1979, Chauhan & Verma 1991; Rondon 2009). Mukherjee (1949), Bartolini (1951), and Chauhan & Verma (1991) studied dimorphism of this species. Sexual dimorphism does not become evident until yellowish testes become visible in the fourth instar; gradual change in eye pigmentation shows different pupal stages (yellow, early red, middle red, late red, and black eye pupa) (Chauhan & Verma 1991). Mukherjee (1949) found that male pupae have a round "pit-like genitalia aperture" in the middle of the 9th segment, while females have a single aperture on the 8th segment. No one has provided a practical description of pupal differentiation. Our objectives were (1) to sex male and female P operculella pupae and adults by using external morphological characteristics; and (2) to determine the accuracy of sex ratios by comparing 2 different sexing methods.
Pulmonary artery occlusion increases the ratio of diffusing capacity for nitric oxide to carbon monoxide in prone sheep.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the ratio of diffusing capacity of the lung for nitric oxide (DLNO) to diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) would be affected by occlusion of a fraction of the pulmonary vascular bed. Design: Interventional physiologic study. Setting: Animal laboratory of a university hospital. Subjects: Thirteen sheep. Interventions: We simultaneously measured single-breath DLNO and DLCO in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] of 1.0) before and after pulmonary artery occlusion by inflation of a balloon (n 6), and by autologous clot embolism (n 4). To see if the effect also occurred on FIO2 of 0.21, four animals were studied during ventilation with room air, one of which was also in the FIO2 of 1.0 group (14 total experiments with 13 sheep). Results: On FIO2 of 1.0, the mean DLNO/DLCO ratio rose by 35% from 4.76 0.41 in control to 6.42 0.82 after balloon occlusion (p 0.002), and by 54% from 7.55 2.09 to 11.6 2.61 (p 0.005) after autologous clot embolism ( SD). An equivalent relative increase of 27% took place during ventilation with room air, but the DLNO/DLCO ratio was lower (3.14 0.22 in control and 3.98 0.38 after balloon occlusion). Independent of the method of obstruction or FIO2, the increase in DLNO/DLCO ratio was mostly due to a drop in DLCO. The DLNO/DLCO ratio reduced much of the intersubject variability of either DLNO or DLCO alone. Conclusion: The DLNO/DLCO ratio increased after pulmonary artery occlusion regardless of the method of occlusion or FIO2. This increase may be a result of a greater sensitivity of DLCO than DLNO to a regional reduction in capillary blood flow. (CHEST 2004; 126:559 –565)
Differences in Frequency of Violence and Reported Injury Between Relationships With Reciprocal and Nonreciprocal Intimate Partner Violence

Objectives. We sought to examine the prevalence of reciprocal (i.e., perpetrated by both partners) and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence and to determine whether reciprocity is related to violence frequency and injury.Methods. We analyzed data on young US adults aged 18 to 28 years from the 2001 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which contained information about partner violence and injury reported by 11 370 respondents on 18761 heterosexual relationships.Results. Almost 24% of all relationships had some violence, and half (49.7%) of those were reciprocally violent. In nonreciprocally violent relationships, women were the perpetrators in more than 70% of the cases. Reciprocity was associated with more frequent violence among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.9, 2.8), but not men (AOR=1.26; 95% CI=0.9, 1.7). Regarding injury, men were more likely to inflict injury than were women (AOR=1.3; 95% CI=1.1, 1.5), and reciprocal intimate partner violence wa...
Optical propagation through sea ice

The objective of this research was to measure the optical characteristics of sea ice and investigate the process of light propagation through sea ice. From January through March of 1993, in situ laser propagation studies were conducted on saltwater ice grown in an outdoor pool. These investigations demonstrated that optical characteristics of young saltwater ice are affected by the growth history of the ice. Therefore, in April and May of 1994, a field test was conducted on sea ice at two sites near Barrow, Alaska to determine the influence of growth history on sea ice optical properties. The variability of the attenuation coefficient was measured as a function of ice thickness and location (depth) to determine the stratification of the ice optical properties. Results were used to establish a correlation between the optical properties and the growth history of the sea ice.
Cladding burst behavior of Fe-based alloys under LOCA ☆

Abstracts Burst behavior of austenitic and ferritic Fe-based alloy tubes has been examined under a simulated large break loss of coolant accident. Specifically, type 304 stainless steel (304SS) and oxidation resistant FeCrAl tubes were studied alongside Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 that are considered reference fuel cladding materials. Following the burst test, characterization of the cladding materials was carried out to gain insights regarding the integral burst behavior. Given the widespread availability of a comprehensive set of thermo-mechanical data at elevated temperatures for 304SS, a modeling framework was implemented to simulate the various processes that affect burst behavior in this Fe-based alloy. The most important conclusion is that cladding ballooning due to creep is negligible for Fe-based alloys. Thus, unlike Zr-based alloys, cladding cross-sectional area remains largely unchanged up to the point of burst. Therefore, for a given rod internal pressure, the temperature onset of burst in Fe-based alloys appears to be simply a function of the alloy's ultimate tensile strength, particularly at high rod internal pressures.
The Elastic Space Suit: Its Time Has Come

Waiting in the wings for 40 years, the elastic space suit now appears to be the right suit for exploration of the lunar and Martian surfaces. Gas-filled pressure suits were used on the lunar surface during Apollo and during extravehicular activities in orbital flights; there have been problems from extra space in the suits, limited mobility, dexterity and tactility, hand injuries and hand fatigue. None of this will happen with the elastic suit, which fits snugly, has no joints, and greatly improves mobility, dexterity and tactility. The elastic suit will enable long periods of exploration on foot at low metabolic cost. Astronauts can walk, run, crawl, kneel, stoop and bend over. They can traverse rough terrain. A puncture or tear will not cause catastrophic loss of oxygen. The elastic suit is a direct descendant of the military partial pressure suit but without that suit’s circulatory problems that prevented long periods of wear. The elastic suit has demonstrated good protection from low ambient pressure, good long term wear, and excellent mobility. But donning was difficult with the early prototype, and many layers of elastic cloth were needed for the larger body diameters. Textile technology has vastly improved in the last 40 years. Engineered fibers and yarns and new textile machines will allow an elastic suit that is easily donned, flexes with little effort, and is custom-fitted for each individual quickly and at low cost. This paper discusses the concept for a better elastic suit with state-of-the-art textile technology that will lead to renewing proof of principle with physiological testing, and show enhanced mobility and dexterity
Showtime’s ‘female problem’: Cancer, quality and motherhood:

Since the debut of the TV series Weeds in 2005, the cable network Showtime has developed a reputation for programming content based on the anti-heroine mother protagonist. This programming trend – ...
Adjustment in diabetic adolescent girls: II. Adjustment, self-esteem, and depression in diabetic adolescent girls

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Sullivan Diabetic Adjustment Scale were administered to 105 adolescent girls with diabetes. Results indicate that levels of self-esteem and depression highly correlate with the level of adjustment as assessed on the Diabetic Adjustment Scale (DAS). That is, the adjustment of adolescent diabetic girls in peer and family relationships, dependence-independence conflicts, and attitudes toward diabetes is significantly related to self-esteem; and the level of depression is significantly related to all these adjustment factors as well as body image. The results point to the usefulness of the DAS as a potential screening device for low self-esteem and depression in adolescent girls who have diabetes. The importance of diabetes as a scapegoat for normal adolescent concerns is discussed. It was also hypothesized that depression in adolescents may be expressed through concerns about diabetes. The importance of exploring relationships with peers and fathers is emphasized.
Hormonal and lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzymatic responses in LA/N-corpulent rats.

AbstractGenetically obese normotensive rats, LA/N-corpulent (cp), were fed ad libitum diets containing either 54% sucrose or cooked corn starch for 12 weeks. Twenty-four rats were used for the study; half were corpulent (cp/cp) and half were lean (cp/+ or +/+). Fasting levels of plasma insulin, glucose, corticosterone, glucagon and growth hormone, and activities of liver and epididymal fat pad glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME), and liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were measured. A significant phenotype effect was observed in insulin, corticosterone, growth hormone, and liver G6PD, ME, FDPase, and kidney PEPCK, G6Pase, FDPase, and epididymal fat pad G6PD and ME (corpulent > lean), and glucagon (lean > corpulent). Diet effect (sucrose > starch) was significant for plasma glucose, liver ME, and kidney G6Pase. Although not significant at the P < 0.05 level, insulin, corticosterone, live...
Quanto: tracking energy in networked embedded systems

We present Quanto, a network-wide time and energy profiler for embedded network devices. By combining well-defined interfaces for hardware power states, fast high-resolution energy metering, and causal tracking of programmer-defined activities, Quanto can map how energy and time are spent on nodes and across a network. Implementing Quanto on the TinyOS operating system required modifying under 350 lines of code and adding 1275 new lines. We show that being able to take fine-grained energy consumption measurements as fast as reading a counter allows developers to precisely quantify the effects of low-level system implementation decisions, such as using DMA versus direct bus operations, or the effect of external interference on the power draw of a low duty-cycle radio. Finally, Quanto is lightweight enough that it has a minimal effect on system behavior: each sample takes 100 CPU cycles and 12 bytes of RAM.
Prioritizing Work and/or Family: A Review of the Literature and Directions for the Future

This review sets out to examine the ways in which individuals prioritize work and/or family. While work-family researchers have made great strides in developing other concepts, the process of how i...
Gödel: Ist die Mathematik axiomatisierbar? (1931)

Gibt es eine endliche Menge von Grundsatzen oder Axiomen mit der Eigenschaft, dass alle wahren Satze der Mathematik nach den Regeln der Logik daraus gefolgert werden konnen? Im Unterricht an den Hochschulen scheint es fast so: Die reellen Zahlen zum Beispiel werden durch Axiome definiert, die die Rechenregeln, den Umgang mit ” “ sowie die Vollstandigkeit nach ausen (kein Ende) und innen (keine Lucken) beschreiben. Die Satze der Analysis werden auf diese Axiome zuruckgefuhrt. Und doch hat Kurt Godel 1931 bewiesen, dass kein Axiomensystem die ganze Mathematik oder auch nur die Theorie der naturlichen Zahlen 1, 2, 3, ... vollstandig beschreiben kann: Wenn es widerspruchsfrei ist, dann gibt es wahre Satze, die daraus nicht ableitbar sind. Die Widerspruchsfreiheit andererseits kann nicht aus den Axiomen selbst abgeleitet werden.
Diseases of Collagen and Elastic Tissue

Disorders of the collagen and elastic tissue often demonstrate cutaneous manifestations due to alterations in the structure and the integrity of the dermis. In some diseases, the changes are ultrastructural and apparent only with use of electron microscopy. In other diseases, however, changes can be detected in the quantity, quality or orientation of the dermal elastic tissue and collagen bundles with routine light microscopy. Some of these conditions are limited to cutaneous findings, while others are widespread systemic diseases caused by genetic aberrations.
Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm of the gallbladder presenting

Abstract Our patient is 15-year-old previously healthy female with recent episodes of postprandial right upper quadrant pain now presenting with symptomatic cholelithiasis and suspected choledocholithiasis. The patient underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) confirming choledocholithiasis and then eventual routine, uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pathological examination of gallbladder revealed cholelithiasis as well as a noninvasive complex tubular-intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm (ICPN). Expert and literature review of this diagnosis revealed that this lesion is an uncommon, premalignant neoplasm similar to intraductal papillary neoplasms (IPNs) in the bile ducts as well as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) in the pancreas. Our case is the first ICPN reported in a pediatric patient, and they are almost always diagnosed upon pathological evaluation. The features of our patient's lesion were supportive of a benign etiology with a good prognosis, but certain characteristics such as architectural pattern, rate of dysplasia, and cell lineage predict invasion and subsequent management strategies.
Substantiated and Unsubstantiated Interventions for Individuals with ASD

This chapter discusses differences in evidence-based treatments versus unsubstantiated treatments for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The various problems and risks that are direct results of unsubstantiated interventions are explained in addition to ways in which unsubstantiated treatments can be identified. The chapter also explains several evidence-based interventions and details the research supporting their effectiveness.
Combustion at a crossroads: Status and prospects

Abstract In this paper, the state of combustion is evaluated and its prospect as a vibrant branch of science is assessed. It is first demonstrated that much progress has been made on the unifying concepts in the theoretical foundation of some elemental combustion phenomena, primarily those involving laminar flames, and that investigations are being conducted through the strong interplay between theory, experiment, and computation, and between physical and chemical interpretations. It is then noted that, being aided by the rapid advance in computational capability, combustion has entered the era of quantitative predictability, especially in the description of chemical kinetics. The needs for comprehensiveness of detailed reaction mechanisms and methodologies for facilitated computation are emphasized, and several facilitating strategies are presented. The essential role of combustion as a major technology driver and in emerging scientific disciplines is then discussed, and the importance of improving the efficiency of the research enterprise and strengthening the education program is emphasized. It is concluded that combustion has much to offer in terms of technological relevance and intellectual challenge, and as such will remain as a robust scientific discipline for years to come.
Genetic Control of Anther Cell Division and Differentiation

Anther development requires the coordinated differentiation of several cell types. Recent moleculargenetic analyses have led to exciting advances in our understanding of anther cell division and differentiation.The SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ) gene is a putative transcription factor critical for early anther celldivision and/or differentiation. Several genes that regulate tapetum formation and differentiation havebeen isolated, including EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1/EXTRASPOROGENOUS CELLS (EMS1/EXS),SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS1(SERK1), SERK2, and TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 (TPD1).Also, genes important for normal tapetum differentiation and function have been uncovered, including twoclosely related MYB genes, MYB33 and MYB65,which are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs, and the rice Udt1gene. Finally, genes encoding putative transcription regulators, ABORTED MICROSPORES(AMS) and MALE STERILITY1 (MS1), and a lipid metabolism enzyme, AtGPAT1are important for pollen development. These discoveries have ushered in a new era for understandingthe control of cell division and differentiation during plant male reproductive development.
PROLONGED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN THE PERI-INFARCT ZONE OF HEMORRHAGIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS DRIVEN BY IRON-CEROID COMPLEX FROM APOPTOTIC FOAM CELLS

The capacity of macrophages (MΦ) to oxidize LDL, produce ceroid (CR) lipopigment, and transform into foam cells (FC) is significantly enhanced following erythrophagocytosis. During the process of FC formation, part of hemoglobin-derived iron forms a complex with developing CR. Iron-containing CR is
Spontaneous Aortic Dissection: A 5-Year Experience at Baylor University Medical Center

A 5-year retrospective review of patients admitted to Baylor University Medical Center with the diagnosis of spontaneous aortic dissection was undertaken. Records for 64 patients were examined, and...
Forensic Evaluation of Premature Pavement Failures in Arkansas

AbstractAs part of a major rehabilitation program in 1999–2004, several sections of the Arkansas interstate system were overlaid. Some of these sections experienced severe distresses (rutting and c...