cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to Jentsch et al.

Dear Editor, The Letter to the Editor from Jentsch and colleagues presents an alternate, heretofore unpublished mechanism characterizing the role of ClC-3 in pancreatic b cells. This alternative mechanism is in contrast to the mechanism put forth in our paper (Deriy et al., 2009) and that of Li and colleagues (Li et al., 2009), which were published back to back in Cell Metabolism. The focus of the critique from Jentsch et al. rests on the absence of data within our investigation demonstrating that the antibody used in the immunoelectron microscopy studies fails to recognize protein in Clcn3 / animals. Although specificity of the antibody has been shown elsewhere, we include confirming antibody specificity data in our response. We also include staining using a commercially available antibody shown for comparison. Figure S1 compares immunolocalization in Clcn3 and Clcn3 / preparations with the antibody (anti-ClC-3730-744) used by Deriy et al. (2009). We were unable to observe staining in the Clcn3 / tissue. Other issues raised by Jentsch et al., referring to ‘‘contradictions’’ between our paper and that of Li et al., are likely due
In vivo imaging of the inner retinal layer structure in mice after eye-opening using visible-light optical coherence tomography.

Abstract The growth of the mouse eye and retina after birth is a dynamic, highly regulated process. In this study, we applied visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, to examine developing retinal layer structures after eye-opening. We introduced a resampled circumpapillary B-scan averaging technique to improve the inter-layer contrast, enabling retinal layer thickness measurements as early as postnatal day 13 (P13) – right after eye-opening. We confirmed vis-OCT measurements using ex vivo confocal microscopy of retinal sections at different ages. Our results demonstrate that vis-OCT can visualize the developmental murine retinal layer structure in vivo, which offers us new opportunities to better characterize the pathological alterations in mouse models of developmental eye diseases.
The Sweet Smell of Encephalopathy

Introduction The classic form of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) presents in the neonatal period. Non-classic forms of MSUD may present with encephalopathy at any age and pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Case Report A 58-year-old man with a history of moderate-to-severe cognitive delay, attributed to anoxic brain injury at birth, is hospitalized for aggression towards his caretakers. He has no known family history. During his hospitalization, he develops fluctuating mental status with episodic agitation and unstable gait. Work-up is notable for hyperammonemia (118 umol/L), but other studies including …
The neurosurgical management of sinonasal malignancies involving the anterior skull base: a 28-year experience at The MD Anderson Cancer Center.

OBJECTIVE Sinonasal malignancies that extend to the anterior skull base frequently require neurosurgical intervention. The development of techniques for craniofacial resection revolutionized the management of these neoplasms, but modern and long-term data are lacking, particularly those related to the incorporation of endoscopic techniques and novel adjuvant chemotherapeutics into management schema. The present study was performed to better define the utility of surgical management and to determine factors related to outcome. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery between 1993 and 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Only patients with greater than 6 months of clinical and radiological follow-up were included. Outcome measures included progression, survival, and treatment-related complications. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-five patients were included. The mean clinical follow-up was 6.5 years. The most common histological diagnosis was olfactory neuroblastoma (33%). Overall, metastatic disease and brain invasion were present in 8% and 19% of patients, respectively, at the time of surgery. A lumbar drain was used in 54% of patients. When stratified by decade, higher-stage disease at surgery became more frequent over time (15% of patients had metastatic disease in the 3rd decade of the study period vs 4% in the 1st decade). Despite the inclusion of patients with progressively higher-stage disease, median overall survival (OS) remained stable in each decade at approximately 10 years (p = 0.16). OS was significantly worse in patients with brain invasion (p = 0.006) or metastasis at the time of surgery (p = 0.014). Complications occurred after 28% of operations, but typically resulted in no long-term negative sequelae. Use of a lumbar drain was a significant predictor of complications (p = 0.02). Permanent ophthalmological disabilities were observed after 4% of surgical procedures. One patient died during the perioperative period. Finally, major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ IIIb) decreased from 27% of patients in the 1st decade to 10% in the 3rd decade (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The surgical management of sinonasal malignancies with anterior skull base involvement is effective and generally safe. Surgical management, however, is only one facet of the overall multimodal management paradigms created to optimize patient outcomes. Survival outcomes have remained stable despite more extensive disease at surgery in patients who have presented in recent decades. The safety of such surgery has improved over time owing to the incorporation of endoscopic surgical techniques and the avoidance of lumbar spinal drainage with open resection.
The Association Between Socioeconomic Factors and Incident Peripheral Artery Disease in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)

Abstract Background The association between socioeconomic factors and development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) has not been as well characterized compared to other cardiovascular diseases. We sought to define how annual income, sex, race, and education level are associated with newly diagnosed PAD in a well-characterized, diverse set of adults with CKD. Methods The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study (CRIC) is a multicenter, prospective cohort study designed to examine risk factors for progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease. Demographic and clinical data including ankle brachial index (ABI) and interventions were collected at baseline, as well as yearly during follow-up visits. Annual income was categorized as: 1.4, or missing income data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the risk for incident PAD during CRIC enrollment, defined as a drop in ABI to Results A total of 3,313 patients met inclusion criteria, the mean age was 58.7 years, 56% were male, and 42% were Black. Over a median follow-up of 10.1 years, 639 participants (19%) were newly diagnosed with PAD. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, all lower levels of annual household income were associated with increased incidence of PAD (income $100,000 (overall P-value = 0.02). In the multivariable model, there was no association between education level and PAD incidence (P = 0.80). Black race (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.5, P = 0.023) and female sex (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.0, P Conclusions In the CRIC, a multi-center cohort of prospectively followed CKD patients undergoing yearly CVD surveillance, lower annual household income, female sex, and Black race were significantly associated with the PAD incidence. In contrast, level of education was not independently associated with incident PAD.
Enteroviruses and parechoviruses.

Human enteroviruses (EV) are members of the Enterovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae and are among the most common human viral infections. These investigations had implications for all of virology because they indicated, first, that poliovirus (PV) grew in various tissue culture cells that did not correspond to the tissues infected during the human disease and, second, that PV destroyed cells with a specific cytopathic effect (CPE). The infectious virus is relatively resistant to many common laboratory disinfectants, including 70% ethanol, isopropanol, dilute Lysol, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Poliomyelitis should be considered in all cases of pure motor paralysis and is usually associated with a normal or slightly elevated value for protein, normal sugar value, and moderate mononuclear pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The innate immune system is especially important because it is the earliest response and, in addition, it regulates the adaptive immune response. All important information about a virus could potentially be obtained directly by PCR in conjunction with nucleic acid sequencing if all the molecular correlates of viral phenotypic determinants were understood. The most common molecular typing system is based on reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and nucleotide sequencing of a portion of the genomic region encoding VP1. The major advantage of the pan-EV PCR is that rapid detection of an EV is possible, even with very small amounts of clinical specimens such as CSF. Like the EV, human parechoviruses were traditionally detected and identified by virus isolation and antigenic typing.
Sport Education : International Perspectives

1 The nature and purpose of Sport Education as an educational experience - Peter Hastie Part 1 Contexts of adoption of Sport Education 2 Sustainable Sport Education in primary education: An English case study - Toni O'donovan, Ann Mcphail and David Kirk 3 Sport Education in Korean schools - Jinhee Kim 4 The emergence of Sport Education in Scottish primary schools - Mike Jess, Nicola Carse, Paul Mcmillan and Matt Atencio 5 Applying the Sport Education model in university basic instruction courses - Wesley Meeteer, Lynn Housner, Sean Bulger, Andrew Hawkins and Robert Wiegand Part 2 Students and teachers responses to Sport Education 6 Sport Education in the elementary school: A report from Cyprus - Niki Tsangaridou 7 Sport Education through the eyes of a teacher researcher and his students - Ashley Casey 8 A Spanish teacher's experience with Sport Education: A narrative account - Diego Martinez De Ojeda, Antonio Calderon Luquin and Peter Hastie 9 Pursuing social and emotional learning outcomes through Sport Education: An Australian case study - Swee Chong Ang, Dawn Penney and Karen Swabey 10 Explaining the attraction: Understanding the motivational responses of students to Sport Education - Tristan Wallhead Part 3 Professional development for Sport Education 11 Preparing preservice physical education teachers to teach Sport Education - Matthew Curtner-Smith 12 Learning Sport Education through reflective inquiry: Four case studies - Gary Kinchin 13 Professional learning of primary generalist teachers in Ireland: Modelling Sport Education - Ann Macphail and Deborah Tannehill 14 Within school, in-depth professional development for Sport Education: A Russian model - Oleg Sinelnikov
Mining Maximally Banded Matrices in Binary Data.

Binary data occurs often in several real world applications ranging from social networks to bioinformatics. Extracting patterns from such data has been a focus of fundamental data mining tasks including association rule analysis, sequence mining and bi-clustering. Recently, the utility of banded structures in binary matrices has been pointed out with applications in paleontology, bioinformatics and social networking. A binary matrix has a banded structure if both the rows and columns can be permuted so that the 1’s exhibit a staircase pattern down the rows, along the leading diagonal. In this paper we show the correspondence between biclustering and banded structures in matrices; and the MMBS (Mine Maximally Banded Sub-matrices) algorithm is presented as a direct result of this correspondence. The current state of the art algorithm, MBS, only allows for the discovery of a single band and assumes a fixed column permutation. On the other hand MMBS facilitates the discovery of multiple bands that may possibly be overlapping or segmented. Our experimental results, presented here, clearly indicate the advantage of MMBS over MBS with both, synthetic and real data sets.
Unusually Wide, High-Velocity Radio Recombination Lines from G0.15–0.05 in the Radio Arc

The H92α recombination line was observed at 8 GHz toward the “pistol-shaped” HII region G0.15–0.05 using the VLA2 in its most compact configuration. The line profiles of individual components of this source peak at V LSR =123 km/s and have total line widths of ~90 km/s. The kinematical structure of the “pistol” is unusual in that much of the neutral and ionized gas in this region is seen predominantly at either +50 or +20 km/s. The line width and radial velocity are the largest found in the Galactic center region with the exception of Sgr A West. We also found gas at V LSR =140 km/s associated with G0.18–0.04: the sickle-shaped feature which surrounds G0.15–0.05. The kinematic properties of G0.18–0.04 and G0.15–0.05 suggest that these two features are components of a single, but complex thermal system interacting with the nonthermal filaments of the radio Arc. In this regard, the width of the broad recombination line from G0.15–0.05, and its large radial velocity, might be explained as the interaction of streaming relativistic particles in the nonthermal filaments of the Arc impacting upon ambient gas clouds lying in the Galactic plane.
Questionnaires of Risk Tolerance, Regret, Overconfidence, and Other Investor Propensities

Typical risk questionnaires aimed at helping advisors guide investors are deficient in five ways. First, each investor has a multitude of risk tolerances, one for each goal and its mental account. Probes for one global risk tolerance miss that multitude. Second, the links between answers to questions in risk questionnaires and recommended portfolio allocations are governed by opaque rules of thumb rather than by transparent theory. Third, investors' risk tolerance varies by circumstances and associated emotions. Failure to account for such variations biases assessments of risk tolerance. Fourth, risk tolerance varies when assessed in foresight or hindsight. Hindsight amplifies regret. Investors with high propensity for hindsight and regret might claim, in hindsight, that advisors have overstated their risk tolerance. Fifth, investor propensities other than risk tolerance and regret matter to advisors as they guide investors. We discuss these deficiencies and offer remedies, based on a survey of more than 2,500 people.
The Use of Metal‐Organics in the Preparation of Semiconductor Materials I . Epitaxial Gallium‐ V Compounds

Single‐crystal , , and films have been grown on and a number of insulating substrates by the decomposition of alkyl‐gallium compounds in the presence of arsine, phosphine, arsine‐phosphine, and arsine‐stibine mixtures. Both triethylgallium and trimethylgallium have been used successfully in the preparation of . This process makes compound semiconductor film growth compatible with methods used for the growth of elemental semiconductors and eliminates many of the difficulties inherent in multitemperature‐zone processes.
Numerical Methods for Constrained Equations of Motion in Mechanical System Dynamics

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT A new class of numerical methods for solving equations of motion of constrained mechanical systems is presented, the framework of which is based on manifold theoretic methods. Rewriting the system of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) that describe constrained motion is ordinary differentia] equations (ODEs) on a constraint manifold, the theoretical framework for solving equations of motion is constructed, using a local
Ablation of the olfactory bulb up-regulates the rate of neurogenesis and induces precocious cell death in olfactory epithelium☆

Young adult rats were unilaterally bulbectomized and tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) was injected at variable times following surgery to determine the effect of bulbectomy on the rates of cell proliferation and cell death in the olfactory epithelium. Removal of the olfactory bulb elicits a two- to fourfold increase in the proliferation rate of ipsilateral olfactory epithelial cells 7-50 days following surgery. On the contralateral side, there was a temporary twofold increase in the proliferation rate during the second week after surgery, but this returned to control values at 3 weeks. This temporary increase was in parallel with the response on the ipsilateral side so that the ratio between operated and unoperated sides remained at two. Cell death in olfactory epithelium is also up-regulated following bulbectomy. Death of cells can occur as early as 1 day following incorporation of [3H]TdR, i.e., well before the sensory neurons become mature. This means there is an over-production of sensory cells, and they die at all stages of their life cycle. The number of cells dying is greater after bulbectomy, indicating that the overproduction of olfactory cells is more pronounced after surgery.
Variations in the mechanical behavior of Illinois bituminous coals

Abstract Unmineable coal beds are being considered as one of the geological sequestration options for storing carbon dioxide (CO2). The storage mechanisms and potential risks associated with the effects of CO2 on the coal structure are not yet understood and must be evaluated. The mechanical properties of the coal are expected to play an important role in the coal seams’ stability, especially under external perturbations. Typically, the mechanical characteristics of coal are investigated as a bulk material, which averages the effects of various structural inhomogeneities as well as of face and butt cleat fractures present in the coal. In this paper, we attempt to establish baseline mechanical characteristics of Illinois bituminous coals while minimizing the fracture effects. Rectangular coal strips (length
Variations in the composition of glycoproteins of the submaxillary and parotid saliva of the dog in relation to intensity of secretory stimulus.

Abstract Variations in the content in fucose and neuraminic acid in the glycoproteins of the submaxillary saliva of the dog, dependent upon differences in the dose of pilocarpine administered to stimulate salivation, were shown to be due to variations in the proportion of two different glycoproteins or groups of glycoproteins with S 20 of 19 and 11.5, respectively. The glycoprotein fraction with the lower S 20 appears to be inhomogeneous and as a whole much richer in neuraminic acid and poorer in fucose than the glycoprotein produced at higher dose. The saliva of the parotid gland was shown to react differently to variations of the dose of pilocarpine insofar as with higher doses a higher ratio of neuraminic acid to hexose appears in the glycoprotein without significant change in the content of fucose. The carbohydrate moiety of the parotid glycoprotein differs significantly in its composition from that of the submaxillary saliva by its high content in mannose in addition to galactose, which sugar appears only in traces in the submaxillary saliva.
Evaluation of microdialysis sampling of aqueous humor for in vivo models of ocular absorption and disposition.

The dynamics of beta-adrenergic-associated reductions in aqueous humor production for treatment of elevated intraocular pressure are not well understood. In particular, the relationship between ocular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has yet to be established. This study was undertaken to develop a procedure for examining the ocular absorption and disposition of topically administered ophthalmic beta-adrenergic antagonists in individual animals. Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and a microdialysis probe was implanted in the anterior chamber of one eye and perfused with 0.9% saline at a rate of 2 microliters min-1. 3H-propranolol was administered by intracameral injection or topically. Each dog received intracameral and topical propranolol, in alternate eyes on separate days, in a randomized cross-over fashion. Microdialysis probe effluent was collected every 5 min for > or = 2.5 h; concentrations of propranolol were determined by liquid scintillation spectroscopy and were corrected for probe recovery of the substrate as determined by in vivo retrodialysis (approximately 46%) to estimate aqueous humor concentrations. In separate experiments in rabbits, microdialysis probes were implanted in each eye. 3H-propranolol was administered topically to one eye; the contralateral eye received intracameral 3H-propranolol. Model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for each treatment phase were calculated. The mean +/- S.D. times to peak concentration of propranolol in aqueous humor were 86.6 +/- 47.6 min in the dog and 54.1 +/- 20.4 min in the rabbit. The terminal rate constant was 0.0189 +/- 0.00429 min-1 in the dog vs. 0.00983 +/- 0.00546 min-1 in the rabbit. Intraocular tissue availability of propranolol differed markedly between the dog (n = 3) and rabbit (n = 3) (approximately 0.056 in the dog vs. approximately 0.55 in the rabbit). These results demonstrate the utility of microdialysis sampling for examination of ocular pharmacokinetics.
Predictive analytics can facilitate proactive property vacancy policies for cities

Abstract Is it possible for a city to understand, analyze, predict, and therefore prevent vacant properties? In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using techniques from machine learning and data mining to determine the future vacancy risks for individual properties and for neighborhoods using a variety of structural, demographic, socioeconomic, and city activity features with high accuracy. Within a larger systems-of-systems framework that we develop, these predictive analytics will allow a city to move from decision-making based on ‘educated anecdotes’ and reactive strategies aimed at the most urgent need, to policy development based on informed, holistic insight and proactive interventions that prevent and reverse decline. A demonstration of the use of predictive analytics within the sociotechnical system is provided using data from Syracuse, New York.
ELECTROPHORESIS OF AUTOPROTHROMBIN AND BIOTHROMBIN

Concentrates of biothrombin and autoprothrombin were prepared from purified prothrombin and subjected to electrophoresis. The mobility of biothrombin is less than that of prothrombin. The mobility ...
Surgical exposures for primary total hip arthroplasty

Abstract The proper selection of a specific surgical approach to the hip should be based on the following: anticipated exposure requirements (femoral, acetabular, and iliac); the location of prior incisions; preoperative leg lengths and range of motion; soft-tissue tension and integrity; patient size; surgical goals; and the surgeon's familiarity with the involved anatomy, both normal and pathological.all hip surgeons should be knowledgeable of anterior, lateral, posterior, and trans-trochanteric capsular approaches to the hip; more complicated extensile exposures are generally performed by the more experienced hip surgeons in complex primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THa). Detailed anatomic exposures to the hip are discussed in several text books. The purposes of this article are to discuss surgical principles, pertinent anatomy, and indications, advantages, limitations, and results of the more commonly used surgical approaches for simple and complex primary THa.
A Qrr Noncoding RNA Deploys Four Different Regulatory Mechanisms to Optimize Quorum-Sensing Dynamics

Quorum sensing is a cell-cell communication process that bacteria use to transition between individual and social lifestyles. In vibrios, homologous small RNAs called the Qrr sRNAs function at the center of quorum-sensing pathways. The Qrr sRNAs regulate multiple mRNA targets including those encoding the quorum-sensing regulatory components luxR, luxO, luxM, and aphA. We show that a representative Qrr, Qrr3, uses four distinct mechanisms to control its particular targets: the Qrr3 sRNA represses luxR through catalytic degradation, represses luxM through coupled degradation, represses luxO through sequestration, and activates aphA by revealing the ribosome binding site while the sRNA itself is degraded. Qrr3 forms different base-pairing interactions with each mRNA target, and the particular pairing strategy determines which regulatory mechanism occurs. Combined mathematical modeling and experiments show that the specific Qrr regulatory mechanism employed governs the potency, dynamics, and competition of target mRNA regulation, which in turn, defines the overall quorum-sensing response.
The influence of gene-environment interactions on the development of alcoholism and drug dependence.

Alcoholism and drug dependence are common psychiatric disorders with a heritability of about 50%; therefore genetic and environmental influences are equally important. Early-life stress is a predictor of adolescent problem drinking/drug use and alcohol/drug dependence in adulthood, but moderating factors governing the availability of alcohol/drug are important. The risk–resilience balance for addiction may be due in part to the interaction between genetic variation and environment stressors (G × E); this has been confirmed by twin studies of inferred genetic risk. Measured genotype studies to detect G × E effects have used a range of alcohol consumption and diagnostic phenotypes and stressors ranging from early-life to adulthood past year life events. In this article, the current state of the field is critically reviewed and suggestions are put forth for future research.
The electrocardiogram in endocardial cushion defect in infancy.

Abstract Electrocardiograms of 10 infants with endo-cardial cushion defect diagnosed at necropsy were reviewed. The ages at which initial tracings were obtained ranged from 2 days to 13 months; 7 were under 6 months of age. The most characteristic feature was the presence of a superior axis, usually to the left, which was noted in 9 of the cases. The combination of this unusual electrical axis, and an rsR′ or rR′ pattern in right precordial leads occurred in 7 cases. The familiar association of these findings with prolongation of the P-R interval, as observed in older age groups, was noted in only 4 cases. In one case the electro-cardiogram failed to reveal any clue to the correct diagnosis. Right ventricular enlargement was conspicuous both on the electrocardiogram and at postmortem examination in the majority of cases.
Influence of olfactory bulbectomy and the serotonergic system upon intermale aggression and maternal behavior in the mouse

Abstract Biochemical parameters in the brains of olfactory bulbectomized male and female mice were studied in two experiments, followed by three experiments in which 5-HTP was injected into bulbectomized males and females to try to block abnormal behaviors. In Experiment 1 bulbectomized male and female mice had significantly less tryptophan hydroxylase in their brains than did sham controls. Neither 5-hydroxytrptophan decarboxylase nor tyrosine hydroxylase activity was affected. In Experiment 2 the rate of synthesis of 5-HT was significantly less in bulbectomized males and females. Since bulbectomy leads to increased pup killing by female mice, the objective of Experiments 3 and 4 was to see whether the injection of 5-HTP into bulbectomized females could block this behavior. The incidence of pup killing was not influenced, but in both studies the latency to kill was significantly prolonged. Olfactory bulbectomy eliminates aggressive behavior in male mice, and the purpose of Experiment 5 was to determine whether 5-HTP treatment could restore normal levels of aggression. No significant effect was found. The data suggest that a dual mechanism is needed to explain the behavioral abnormalities seen in the two sexes; the mechanism in the female appears to be serotonergic while that in the male is still unknown.
Junctional structures in the crystalline cone of the crayfish compound eye

The junction in the crystalline cone in the compound eye of the crayfish Procambarus clarki is described. It consists of electron-dense pentahedrons arranged regularly all over the cytoplasmic surface of each membrane and dense material in the intercellular space. The cone is an entity formed by the secretion of the four cone cells so the junctional structures may serve a cohesive function. This junction is therefore designated as a coherent junction.
Feigning Acute Intermittent Porphyria

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant genetic defect in heme synthesis. Patients with this illness can have episodic life-threatening attacks characterized by abdominal pain, neurological deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. Feigning this illness has not been reported in the English language literature to date. Here, we report on a patient who presented to the hospital with an acute attack of porphyria requesting opiates. Diligent assessment of extensive prior treatment records revealed thirteen negative tests for AIP.
Learning Efficiency of Students in Varying Environments

In determining whether or not students learned more effectively in different learning environments, experimental and control classes were conducted over a 2-year period in a basic statistics course that involved ten faculty members and 1,172 students. Grades, common examinations, and a checklist were the basic criterion measures used; mathematics background and overall grade point (GPA) served as control mechanisms. Major conclusions were: students preferring some type of independent study consistently underachieved; instructor types, which produced high achievement levels for specific types of students, were identified in behavioral terms; it probably will take drastic manipulations of the learning environment beyond the normal constraints of the university in order to produce effective changes in the learning pattern.
Chlamydia trachomatis CT771 (nudH) Is an Asymmetric Ap4A Hydrolase.

Asymmetric diadenosine 5′,5‴-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) hydrolases are members of the Nudix superfamily that asymmetrically cleave the metabolite Ap4A into ATP and AMP while facilitating homeostasis. The obligate intracellular mammalian pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis possesses a single Nudix family protein, CT771. As pathogens that rely on a host for replication and dissemination typically have one or zero Nudix family proteins, this suggests that CT771 could be critical for chlamydial biology and pathogenesis. We identified orthologues to CT771 within environmental Chlamydiales that share active site residues suggesting a common function. Crystal structures of both apo- and ligand-bound CT771 were determined to 2.6 A and 1.9 A resolution, respectively. The structure of CT771 shows a αβα-sandwich motif with many conserved elements lining the putative Nudix active site. Numerous aspects of the ligand-bound CT771 structure mirror those observed in the ligand-bound structure of the Ap4A hydrolase from Caeno...
Phylogenies from amino acid sequences aligned with gaps: the problem of gap weighting.

The common but generally overlooked problem of how best to construct phylogenies from orthologous amino acid sequences, when their alignment requires the placement therein of gaps denoting insertions/deletions in the evolutionary history of their genes since their common ancestor, has been studied. Three diverse methods were examined: 1. each missing residue in a gap is weighted as equivalent to the average number of minimum nucleotide replacements in known conjugate amino acid pairs of those same two sequences, which weight necessarily differs for each pair of sequences; 2. each missing residue in a gap is weighted as equivalent to a fixed number of nucleotide replacements; and 3. each gap, regardless of length, is weighted as equivalent to a fixed number of nucleotide replacements. For the flavodoxins, each method yielded a different best tree and suggests that the choice of method may be crucial. For the plant ferredoxins, all methods give results inconsistent with botanical classification and suggests the sequences may not all be orthologous. For the bacterial ferredoxins, the method was less germane than the actual weight used, five different best trees being obtained depending upon the weight. The best tree for all ferredoxins (prokaryotic plus eukaryotic) combined proved to be greatly dependent upon the gap locations with several reasonable alignments yielding different best trees. They also suggest that functional equivalence may well prove to be a poor guide to which residues have a common ancestral codon. The rubredoxin sequences show that a partial internal gene duplication occurred in thePseudomonas line, probably very soon after its divergence from the other genera. Together, the results clearly indicate that the phylogenetic answer one gets may greatly depend upon how one treats the gaps but they fail to indicate what treatment may be best. This results partly from the fact that the phylogenies of the taxa represented are not known with sufficient confidence to be sure when the procedures are performing best.
Path integrals and conservation laws

If the initial and the final states of a system have classical limits, and if the classical limits cannot be chosen independently from each other without violating classical conservations laws, the JWKB approximation of the probability amplitude for the transition between such initial and final states requires special care. We compute it explicity for momentum to momentum transitions and for angular momentum to angular momentum transitions. It is shown how the classical conservation laws make their appearance in the limit $\ensuremath{\hbar}=0$. The statements are illustrated by applications to potential scattering theory.
Performance of Coupled Closed-Loop Workstation Capacity Controls in a Multi-Workstation Production System

In this paper, a dynamic model is developed for multi-workstation production systems in which closed-loop capacity controls for regulating WIP in individual workstations are coupled by adding predictive control, making capacity adjustments a combination of compensation for local disturbances and anticipation of downstream effects of capacity adjustments made upstream in the system. The added coupling at the control level combined with intrinsic coupling at the order-flow level effectively integrates planning and control, but increases system complexity. Control-theoretic methods are used to make dynamic analysis tractable and improve understanding of dynamic behaviour, which is illustrated using data from an industrial production system.
Epitaxially stabilized AgGaSe2 for high-efficiency spin-polarized electron source

Abstract High-quality spin-polarized electron source (SPES) is of fundamental importance in the investigation of spin-dependent phenomena. Generally speaking, an ideal material for SPES application should have both large spin–orbit and positive crystal-field splitting. Currently, almost all sources in use with accelerators are based on photoemission from GaAs and related materials such as strained GaAs grown on GaAsP or InGaAs grown on GaAs. Nevertheless, the reduced critical layer thickness of these strained films leads to poor material quality and, consequently, low quantum efficiency. Besides other ordered ternary semiconductor compounds, tetragonal chalcopyrite ternary compounds have also been considered. However, since all these compounds have zero or negative crystal-field splitting, the achieved polarization and quantum efficiency are rather low. Here we propose a new material, AgGaSe 2 in the CuAu phase, as a high-quality SPES. We show that it is possible to grow epitaxially strain-free AgGaSe 2 in the CuAu phase on ZnSe substrate. Since this material has a direct-band gap, a large spin–orbit splitting, as well as a large positive crystal-field splitting, it is predicted to be a promising material for SPES with 100% spin polarization.
Estimating swash zone friction coefficients on a sandy beach

Abstract Video-based swash motions from three studies (on two separate beaches) were analyzed with respect to theoretical swash trajectories assuming plane beach ballistic motions under quadratic friction. Friction coefficient values for both the uprush and backwash were estimated by comparing measured swash space–time trajectories to these theoretical expectations given an initial velocity and beach slope. Observations were made spanning high tides, and in one case, during a light rain. Analysis of over 4500 individual swash events showed that the uprush friction coefficient was nearly constant during all three studies with a mean value of roughly 0.007 and showed no trends over a tidal cycle. In contrast, backwash friction coefficient values varied over the tidal cycles ranging between 0.01 and 0.07 with minimum values corresponding to the highest tides. Although these values are close to the theoretical estimates based on a Law of the Wall formulation and values commonly referenced in the literature, these observations show a consistent tendency for backwash friction estimates to greatly exceed uprush friction estimates. The disparity between uprush and backwash friction coefficients can be partially attributed to the exclusion of a pressure gradient term in the ballistic model. However, results indicate that backwash friction coefficients adjusted to account for this effect may be three times larger than the uprush friction values during lower tides. This tidal dependence for backwash friction coefficients is attributed to a complex interaction between swash infiltration and entrained sediment loads. These findings imply that friction estimates (necessary for sediment transport calculations and hydrodynamic predictions) based solely on grain roughness may not be correct for backwash flows.
Psychiatric Assessment of Victims of Adolescent Dating Violence in a Primary Care Clinic

Dating violence in the adolescent population is a significant problem, which warrants concern and focus. As many as one-third of adolescents have experienced dating violence in their relationships. This article outlines many of the developmental and experiential factors that influence the likelihood that adolescents will encounter violence in their relationships. Mental health clinicians, physicians, nurses, social workers, and others who work with adolescents in the health field have a unique opportunity to identify and respond to this type of violence involving their patients. This article outlines the ways in which health care professionals can assess patients for this type of violence and when and how to offer assistance and referrals.
Supraependymal cells in recesses of the monkey third ventricle.

Scanning electron microscopy reveals unique supraependymal cells in preoptic and infundibular recesses of 3- to 21 -week-old monkeys. Most supraependymal cells are located on nonciliated areas, and characteristically have round bodies from which multiple branched processes extend. Surface spherules occur on cell bodies and processes. Processes exhibit local enlargements, interweave with processes from other cells, and penetrate underlying ependyma.
Creatine kinase BB and other markers of prostatic carcinoma

Creatine kinase BB has been described to be elevated in the serum of patients with prostate cancer. The incidence of abnormal serum levels correlates with the degree of differentiation of the tumor; that is, the more poorly differentiated tumors are associated most frequently with elevated CK-BB levels. We have recently described two additional findings which involve CK-BB in prostate cancer: 1) the finding of abnormally migrating CK-BB bands reported to be IgG-CK-BB complexes in several Stage D patients and in 2/3 Stage B patients following 125I implants, and 2) significant differences between CK-BB purified from prostatic fluid from CK-BB of brain origin. In particular, we find two bands of prostatic CK-BB following purification as compared to a single band from brain, when the same purification protocol is used. While further characterization of these differences is proceeding, the two bands of CK-BB are being used to develop a prostate-specific antiserum for use in immunoassays to detect prostate cancer in conjunction with other traditional markers such as prostatic acid phosphatase. If serum detection of tumor markers is to be efficacious, tumor marker panels such as CK-BB and prostatic acid phosphatase may provide a significant advantage over individual markers.
Pulsed laser deposition of carbon films: dependence of film properties on laser wavelength

We have grown thin carbon films by pulsed laser deposition and have investigated the extent to which the properties of such films, as well as the processes responsible for these properties, are laser wavelength dependent. Films were grown by ablating material from a graphite target onto room temperature Si(100) substrates with 1064 and 248 nm laser radiation. The films were analyzed by in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy and by ex situ Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that films grown with 1064 nm ablation were graphitic, while those grown with 248 nm radiation were diamond-like. We have also examined the mass and kinetic energy distributions of the particles ejected from graphite by the two laser wavelengths. The results indicated that irradiation of graphite with 1064 nm laser radiation results in the ejection of a series of carbon cluster ions C{sub n}{sup +}(1=30) with mean kinetic energies less than 5 eV. Ablation of graphite with 248 nm radiation results in the ejection of primarily C{sub 2}{sup +} and C{sub 3}{sup +} with mean kinetic energies of 60 and 18 eV, respectively. These results suggest that large, low energy clusters produce graphite films, while small, high energy clusters produce films of diamond-likemore » carbon. 17 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.« less
Giardia lamblia in a tertiary care center: infrequent, but present without diarrhea or environmental exposure

Giardia lamblia in a tertiary care center: infrequent, but present without diarrhea or environmental exposure
A numerical study of the flow fields around a typical conical graupel falling at various inclination angles

Abstract Numerical calculations of the flow fields around falling conically shaped graupel have never been presented before and yet such fields are necessary for accurate assessment of many cloud physical processes. In this study, the flow fields around a typical conical graupel falling at Reynolds number 440 with inclination angles varying from 0 to 45° are investigated to understand how the inclined fall orientation influences the flow field properties around a falling conical graupel of typical size. We use the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent to solve the relevant time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations numerically to obtain various flow properties such as the velocity vectors, drag, vortex shedding frequency, pressure and vorticity. We show the computed flow fields around uninclined and inclined conical graupel, and demonstrate that Fluent can be used successfully for simulating flow past a falling conical body. We also found that the drag oscillates at a frequency of about 150 Hz and is the higher the more inclination of such graupel. The drag coefficient generally decreases with increasing inclination angle.
A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Carlia spp. (Sauria: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea

A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 from rainbow skinks, Carlia ailanpalai Zug and Carlia eothen Zug is described from specimens collected in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Oocysts of Eimeria zugi n. sp. from one of one (100%) C. eothen are ellipsoidal to cylindroidal, with a smooth, colourless, bi-layered wall, measure 25.1 × 15.5 μm and have a length/width ratio of 1.6. The micropyle and the oocyst residuum are absent, but a polar granule is present. The sporocysts are ovoidal to ellipsoidal and 10.3 × 7.1 μm in size and do not contain Stieda, sub-Stieda or para-Stieda bodies; and the sporocyst residuum is composed of a compact mass of large globules. The sporozoites are elongate, 12.8 × 2.9 μm in size, and contain anterior and posterior refractile bodies with a nucleus between them. This is the ninth species of coccidium described from skinks from PNG, and the new species described herein is apparently endemic to the skink genus Carlia (Gray).
Glucose Blockage of the Increase in Stroke Volume Produced by Smoking

The percentage changes in the cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate were determined in seven healthy habitual smokers after smoking, after glucose, and after smoking preceded by glucose. No significant changes occur after glucose. There is a significant increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate after smoking. Pretreatment with glucose did not change the heart-rate response to smoking. Nevertheless, the cardiac-output response was diminished. This decrease is due to a block in the increase in stroke volume induced by smoking.
CURRENT CONCEPTS OF MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION DURING ANAESTHESIA

The common denominator concerning the changes of myocardial function during anaesthesia is the activity of the sympatho-adrenal system. Evidently, all anaesthetic agents at equipotent dose levels will depress myocardial function in the isolated heart, showing their direct effect upon the myocardium. However, the depressant effects of anaesthetic drugs in man are antagonized by the responses of cardio-regulatory mechanisms. Myocardial depression in man becomes evident when the compensatory mechanisms are blocked.
Multi-spectral image analysis and classification of melanoma using fuzzy membership based partitions

The sensitivity and specificity of melanoma diagnosis can be improved by adding the lesion depth and structure information obtained from the multi-spectral, trans-illumination images to the surface characteristic information obtained from the epi-illumination images. Wavelet transform based bi-modal channel energy features obtained from the images are used in the analysis. Methods using both crisp and fuzzy membership based partitioning of the feature space are evaluated. For this purpose, the ADWAT classification method that uses crisp partitioning is extended to handle multi-spectral image data. Also, multi-dimensional fuzzy membership functions with Gaussian and Bell profiles are proposed for classification. Results show that the fuzzy membership functions with Bell profile are more effective than the extended ADWAT method in discriminating melanoma from dysplastic nevus.
Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Determined from Satellite Orbits

Atmospheric density determination from satellite drag, noting effects of magnetic storms, diurnal and semiannual variations, solar activity, etc
On spinor connection in a riemannian space and the masses of elementary particles

The transformation properties under time reversal of fundamental quaternion fields and the spin-affine connection in a Riemannian space are shown to lead to an eigenfunction equation whose eigenvalues can be identified with the masses of spinor particles. A one-to-one correspondence is established between the (co-ordinate-dependent) eigenvalues of this equation and a contraction of quaternion and spin-affine connection fields. The identification with theconstant mass of a spinor particle follows only after the coupled nonlinear spinor field equations uncouple, in the asymptotic limit in which the interactions between particles can be assumed to be vanishingly small. In this limit, a generally covariant form of the « free particle » Dirac equation emerges. A necessary part of the derivation is the demonstration of gauge invariance in the generally covariant spinor field equations.
Instructional rubrics: Effects of presentation options on writing quality

Abstract Using rubrics for writing instruction has become a common practice for evaluating the expressive writing of secondary students. However, students do not always receive explicit instruction on rubric elements. When students are explicitly taught elements of writing rubrics, they have a clearer perspective of the expectations for their compositions. This study examined high school student writing under three conditions using instructional rubrics in which students were taught rubric elements, provided with a copy of the rubric, and simply scored using the rubric. Results indicated that when students have access to an instructional rubric either through explicit teaching or by receiving a copy, their writing quality improved.