cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient satisfaction with the cervical ripening balloon as a method for induction of labour: a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION Evidence has shown that balloon catheters are as effective as prostaglandins (PGE) in achieving vaginal delivery within 24 hours of the start of induction of labour (IOL), with lower rates of uterine hyperstimulation, and similar Caesarean section and infection rates. International guidelines recommend mechanical methods as a method of IOL. We designed a prospective randomised controlled study to evaluate patient acceptance of the cervical ripening balloon (CRB) for IOL. METHODS Suitable women with a singleton term pregnancy without major fetal anomaly suitable for vaginal delivery were recruited and randomised to receive the CRB or PGE on the day of IOL. Characteristics of the women, labour and birth outcomes were obtained from case notes. Pain and satisfaction scores were obtained by interviewing the women at IOL and after delivery. The main outcome measures were participant characteristics, labour and birth outcomes, pain score, satisfaction scores, and whether the participant would recommend the mode of IOL. RESULTS There was no difference in the pain score between the two groups at the start of IOL, but thereafter, pain scores were lower in the CRB group compared to the PGE group (4.5 ± 2.3 vs. 5.6 ± 2.4, p = 0.044). Women were equally satisfied with both methods and equally likely to recommend their method for IOL. CONCLUSION Patient experience of IOL with CRB or PGE was equally satisfactory, although pain during induction was lower in the CRB group. We found that both methods of IOL are acceptable to women and should be made available to provide more options.
Ibrutinib associated infections: A retrospective study.

e19020Background: Ibrutinib (IBRU) is a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that has been FDA approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and Waldenstrom's Macrog...
Trypanosoma cruzi in a Mexican Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) in Oklahoma, USA

Trypanosoma cruzi is a vector-borne protozoan parasite that infects seven million individuals in Central and South America and is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. There are increasing reports of endemic transmission within the southern US. Trypanosoma cruzi occurs in wild raccoons and dogs in Oklahoma, but its endemicity in the state is poorly studied. We suspected Mexican free-tailed bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis) contributed to the endemicity of T. cruzi in Oklahoma due to their annual migration from Central America to their North American maternity roosts. During the summer of 2017, we sampled 361 Mexican free-tailed bats for T. cruzi at three maternity roosts in Oklahoma. We collected wing tissues, extracted T. cruzi DNA, amplified target DNA by PCR using the primers TCZ1/TCZ2, and observed amplification by gel electrophoresis. One juvenile Mexican free-tailed bat was positive for T. cruzi resulting in a 0.27% prevalence in the 361 sampled bats. Our finding of a wild bat naturally infected with T. cruzi in Oklahoma provided insight on the endemicity of T. cruzi in underrepresented endemic areas. The positive sample was sequenced, confirmed as T. cruzi, and uploaded to GenBank (no. MG869732). Future research will focus on monitoring T. cruzi prevalence in wild bats and insect vectors to better understand the enzootic emergence of this neglected tropical parasite.
Concussion Bingo: Taking an active learning approach to concussion education with vulnerable populations

Objective:The ability of athletes in underserved communities to recognise sport-related concussion (SRC) may be complicated by the lack of a qualified professional, such as an athletic trainer, pre...
The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity

Human activities result in a wide array of pollutants being released to the atmosphere. A number of these pollutants have direct effects on plants, including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), which is the substrate for photosynthesis, and ozone (O3 ), a damaging oxidant. How plants respond to changes in these atmospheric air pollutants, both directly and indirectly, feeds back on atmospheric composition and climate, global net primary productivity and ecosystem service provisioning. Here we discuss the past, current and future trends in emissions of CO2 and O3 and synthesise the current atmospheric CO2 and O3 budgets, describing the important role of vegetation in determining the atmospheric burden of those pollutants. While increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past 150 years has been accompanied by greater CO2 assimilation and storage in terrestrial ecosystems, there is evidence that rising temperatures and increased drought stress may limit the ability of future terrestrial ecosystems to buffer against atmospheric emissions. Long-term Free Air CO2 or O3 Enrichment (FACE) experiments provide critical experimentation about the effects of future CO2 and O3 on ecosystems, and highlight the important interactive effects of temperature, nutrients and water supply in determining ecosystem responses to air pollution. Long-term experimentation in both natural and cropping systems is needed to provide critical empirical data for modelling the effects of air pollutants on plant productivity in the decades to come.
Qualified health claim language affects purchase intentions for green tea products in the united states

Qualified health claims (QHC) describe diet–disease relationships and summarize the quality and strength of evidence for a claim. Companies assert that QHCs increase sales and take legal action to ensure claims reflect their interests. Yet, there is no empirical evidence that QHCs influence consumers. Using green tea as a case study, this study investigated the effects of QHCs on purchase intentions among adults 55 years and older living in the US. An online survey using a between-subjects design examined QHCs about the relationship between green tea and the reduced risk of breast and/or prostate cancer or yukichi fruit juice and the reduced risk of gastrocoridalis, a fictitious relationship. QHCs written by a green tea company generated greater perceptions of evidence for the relationship, greater confidence in green tea and cancer, and increased purchase intentions for green tea than other QHCs. Factors that mitigated the claim’s effects on purchase intentions are: Race/ethnicity; age; importance of health claims; supplement use; health; worry about health/becoming sick with cancer; worry that led to dietary change; green tea consumption; and familiarity with the green tea–cancer. Consumers who made health-related dietary change in the past year and consider health claims important indicated greater purchase intentions than others.
Gap Junctions in the Bone Marrow Lympho-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche, Leukemia Progression, and Chemoresistance

Abstract: The crosstalk between hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for homeostasis and hematopoietic regeneration in response to blood formation emergencies after injury, and has been associated with leukemia transformation and progression. Intercellular signals by the BM stromal cells in the form of cell-bound or secreted factors, or by physical interaction, regulate HSC localization, maintenance, and differentiation within increasingly defined BM HSC niches. Gap junctions (GJ) are comprised of arrays of membrane embedded channels formed by connexin proteins, and control crucial signaling functions, including the transfer of ions, small metabolites, and organelles to adjacent cells which affect intracellular mechanisms of signaling and autophagy. This review will discuss the role of GJ in both normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, and highlight some of the most novel approaches that may improve the efficacy of cytotoxic drugs. Connexin GJ channels exert both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic effects on HSC and BM stromal cells, involved in regenerative hematopoiesis after myelosuppression, and represent an alternative system of cell communication through a combination of electrical and metabolic coupling as well as organelle transfer in the HSC niche. GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) in the HSC niche improves cellular bioenergetics, and rejuvenates damaged recipient cells. Unfortunately, they can also support leukemia proliferation and survival by creating leukemic niches that provide GJIC dependent energy sources and facilitate chemoresistance and relapse. The emergence of new strategies to disrupt self-reinforcing malignant niches and intercellular organelle exchange in leukemic niches, while at the same time conserving normal hematopoietic GJIC function, could synergize the effect of chemotherapy drugs in eradicating minimal residual disease. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of connexin regulation in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis is warranted for the re-establishment of normal hematopoiesis after chemotherapy.
The Stability and Evolution of Risk Attitudes and Time Preferences After a Natural Disaster

By studying the short and medium run effects of the exposure to one of the largest recent earthquakes in Indonesia on risk and time preferences, we contribute to the literature on the stability of these parameters and the duration of the effects. We find a strong gender-specific effect one year after exposure which completely disappears within 8 years. Our analysis points to the importance of recovery efforts in mitigating the duration of the earthquakes effects on these parameters. We also rule out the mental health as a potential channel.
Probability: The Classical Limit Theorems

Probability theory has been extraordinarily successful at describing a variety of phenomena, from the behaviour of gases to the transmission of messages, and is, besides, a powerful tool with applications throughout mathematics. At its heart are a number of concepts familiar in one guise or another to many: Gauss' bell-shaped curve, the law of averages, and so on, concepts that crop up in so many settings they are in some sense universal. This universality is predicted by probability theory to a remarkable degree. This book explains that theory and investigates its ramifications. Assuming a good working knowledge of basic analysis, real and complex, the author maps out a route from basic probability, via random walks, Brownian motion, the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem, to aspects of ergodic theorems, equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, communication over a noisy channel, and random matrices. Numerous examples and exercises enrich the text.
Chemical Sludge Dewatering on Sand Beds

In this study the draining and drying rates of chemical sludges applied to sand beds were related to several sludge characteristics. It was found that the time to drain was related to the sludge specific resistance, applied depth, and solids concentration. Air drying occurred in two distinct phases. The initial or slow drying phase was governed by the sludge cake depth and drained solids concentration while the rapid drying rate was found to approximate the free surface water evaporation rate. Sludges with a coefficient of compressibility less than 0.7 were found to penetrate into the sand bed.
Principles of Membrane Transport

The sections in this article are: 1 Transport Energetics 1.1 Cell Composition: Keeping Away From Equilibrium 1.2 Thermodynamic Taxonomy of Transport 1.3 Electrochemical Potential and Driving Force for Passive Transport 1.4 Units for Electrochemical Potential Difference 1.5 Nature of Driving Forces 1.6 Analysis of Transport: Uncovering Coupled Processes 1.7 Energetics of Coupled Transport 2 Transport Mechanisms 2.1 Tracer Flows 2.2 Equations of Motion for Solute Flow 2.3 Solubility-Diffusion Model 2.4 Ion Permeability of a Lipid Bilayer: Why We Have Ion Channels 2.5 Simplest Ion Channel: A Waterlike Pore 2.6 Toward More Realistic Models 2.7 Channel Gating 2.8 Carriers as Channels With Special Gating Properties 3 Ion Transport and Bioelectricity 3.1 Introduction to Equivalent Circuits and Two Forms of Ohm's Law 3.2 Sign Conventions for Voltage and Current 3.3 Voltage Clamping 3.4 Equivalent Circuits for Cell Membranes 3.5 Current-Voltage Relations: Ion Channels, Ion Conductance, and Cell Membrane 3.6 Effect of Pumps on Membrane Potential 3.7 Special Properties of Epithelial Cell Layers
Occurrence of β-Aminoglutaric Acid in Marine Bacteria

beta-Aminoglutaric acid, a nonprotein amino acid isomer of glutamic acid, was found in the free amino acid pool of a marine bacterium, Alteromonas luteoviolacea. It was also found in a mixed culture of fermenting bacteria enriched from an anoxic marine sediment.
p-Adic valuation of weights in Abelian codes over /spl Zopf/(p/sup d/)

Counting polynomial techniques introduced by Wilson are used to provide analogs of a theorem of McEliece. McEliece's original theorem relates the greatest power of p dividing the Hamming weights of words in cyclic codes over GF (p) to the length of the smallest unity-product sequence of nonzeroes of the code. Calderbank, Li, and Poonen presented analogs for cyclic codes over Zopf(2d) using various weight functions (Hamming, Lee, and Euclidean weight as well as count of occurrences of a particular symbol). Some of these results were strengthened by Wilson, who also considered the alphabet Zopf(pd ) for p an arbitrary prime. These previous results, new strengthened versions, and generalizations are proved here in a unified and comprehensive fashion for the larger class of Abelian codes over Zopf(pd) with p any prime. For Abelian codes over Zopf 4, combinatorial methods for use with counting polynomials are developed. These show that the analogs of McEliece's theorem obtained by Wilson (for Hamming weight, Lee weight, and symbol counts) and the analog obtained here for Euclidean weight are sharp in the sense that they give the maximum power of 2 that divides the weights of all the codewords whose Fourier transforms have a specified support
Traversing boundaries: clinical ethics, moral experience, and the withdrawal of life supports.

While many have suggested that to withdraw medical interventions is ethically equivalent to withholding them, the moral complexity of actually withdrawing life supportive interventions from a patient cannot be ignored. Utilizing interplay between expository and narrative styles, and drawing upon our experiences with patients, families, nurses, and physicians when life supports have been withdrawn, we explore the changeable character of “boundaries” in end-of-life situations. We consider ways in which boundaries imply differences – for example, between cognition and performance – and how the encounter with boundaries can generate altered meanings important for understanding decisions and actions in these contexts. We conclude that the reliance on mere roles to support the moral weight of withdrawing medical interventions is inadequate. Roles that lead us to such moments are exceeded by the responsibility encountered in such moments. And here, we suggest, is the momentous character of withdrawal: it presents the grave astonishment, the trembling awe, in the “not-being-there” of the other in death.
"Culture Is More Than Bingo and Salsa": Making Puertorriqueñidad in Central Florida

Resumen en: This article reports on findings from the 2008-2009 oral history project, "Puerto Ricans in Central Florida 1940s to 1980s: A History." To set a course f...
Exact Solution of the Six-Vertex Model with Domain Wall Boundary Conditions

The six-vertex model, or the square ice model, with domain wall boundary conditions (DWBC) has been introduced and solved for finite N by Korepin and Izergin. The solution is based on the Yang-Baxter equations and it represents the free energy in terms of an N×N Hankel determinant. Paul Zinn-Justin observed that the Izergin-Korepin formula can be re-expressed in terms of the partition function of a random matrix model with a nonpolynomial interaction. We use this observation to obtain the large N asymptotics of the six-vertex model with DWBC in the disordered phase and ferroelectric phases, and also on the critical line between these two phases. The solution is based on the Riemann-Hilbert approach.
Probable posttraumatic stress disorder and women's use of aggression in intimate relationships: the moderating role of alcohol dependence.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and is associated with aggression in intimate relationships. The present study examined whether alcohol dependence (AD) attenuates the relation between PTSD and IPV-victimized women's use of physical, psychological, and sexual aggression. Participants were recruited from the community and included 147 women who engaged in substance use and experienced IPV (80.3% Black; M age = 38.24 years, SD = 10.62; M income = $14,323, SD = $12,832). Women with (vs. without) AD reported using significantly more physical and psychological aggression (ηp (2) = .12 and.03, respectively). The probable PTSD × AD interaction emerged as a significant correlate of physical and sexual aggression (ηp (2) = .03). Post hoc analyses revealed higher levels of physical aggression among women with probable PTSD and AD and no-PTSD and AD compared to women with probable PTSD and no-AD (Cohen's ds = 1.09 and 0.63, respectively) and women without PTSD and no-AD (Cohen's ds = 0.92 and 0.60, respectively). Further, women with PTSD and AD reported higher levels of sexual aggression than women without PTSD and AD (Cohen's d = 0.80). FINDINGS suggest the utility of identifying and treating PTSD-AD among IPV-victimized women. Language: en
A comparison of information security trends between formal and informal environments

The study compared the awareness and practice of information security between formal and informal computing-environments. This study was conducted to develop a measurement instrument for user-level awareness and practice of information security and establish a foundation upon which further research could be based. The study results included a delineation of the information security awareness domain, a tested measurement instrument, a tested model for user-level information security awareness, and a statistical profile of user-level information security awareness and practice among employees of a public research university. Characteristics which represent the operational definition of information security awareness and practice were found to be: personal innovativeness, computer self-efficacy, individual awareness, formal practice, and informal practice. Individual awareness was measured over perspectives of technology, policy, and threat-context. Formal practice was measured over perspectives of deterrent, preventive, and combined deterrent-preventive efforts. Informal practice was measured over perspectives of access control, physical protection, user authentication, security management, and encryption. Established scales were used to measure personal innovativeness and computer self-efficacy. The measurement instrument also included demographic variables and technology variables between computing-environments. All of these characteristics were considered ISA domain measures and were included in the developed measurement instrument. The extent of user-level information security awareness was supported by the measure to which these characteristics were acknowledged by individual computer users. A sample of 531 university employees indicated that the measurement instrument exhibited acceptable properties of reliability and validity. The survey data showed that the university employees had information security awareness to some extent. Also, the sample data had satisfactory fit within the research model. The study's results supported the research model hypotheses. Personal innovativeness and computer self-efficacy had direct, positive relationships with individual awareness. Individual awareness mediated personal innovativeness and computer self-efficacy over direct, positive relationships with formal and informal practice. Formal practice mediated individual awareness over a direct, positive relationship with informal practice. The study's results also indicated demographic and technology known-groups had effects over the ISA domain measures.
Role of Activated Sludge Final Settling Tanks

Both the thickening and clarification functions of final settling tanks influence the quality of effluent produced by the activated sludge process. The thickening function commonly is ignored in design. Failure to consider the thickening function can lead to excessive loss of solids over the final settling tank weir and to inability to withdraw thickened sludge at the desired concentration for recycle. By use of an illustrative problem it is shown that conventional design procedures for activated sludge final settling tanks can result in unsatisfactory performance of the entire process. Design for the thickening function of final settling tanks is based on the limiting solids handling capacity of the sludge. Several alternate methods are available for determining the limiting capacity. The batch flux plot technique is the most convenient method.
Effects of Ignition and Injection Perturbation under Lean and Dilute GDI Engine Operation

Turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are quickly becoming more prominent in light-duty automotive applications because of their potential improvements in efficiency and fuel economy. While EGR dilute and lean operation serve as potential pathways to further improve efficiencies and emissions in GDI engines, they also pose challenges for stable engine operation. Tests were performed on a single-cylinder research engine that is representative of current automotive-style GDI engines. Baseline cases were performed under steady-state operating conditions where combustion phasing and dilution levels were varied to determine the effects on indicated efficiency and combustion stability. Sensitivity studies were then carried out by introducing binary low-high perturbation of spark timing and injection duration on a cycle-by-cycle basis under EGR dilute and lean operation to determine dominant feedback mechanisms. Ignition perturbation was phased early/late of MBT timing, and injection perturbation was set fuel rich/lean of the given air-to-fuel ratio. COVIMEP was used to define acceptable operation limits when comparing different perturbation cases. Overall sensitivity data shows COVIMEP is more sensitive to injection perturbation over ignition perturbation. This is because of the greater effect injection perturbation has on combustion phasing, ignition delay, and combustion duration.
Oxidation of Zirconium Diboride with Tungsten Carbide Additions

The oxidation resistance of zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ) ceramics with tungsten carbide (WC) additions was studied. ZrB 2 ceramics, nominally pure and with WC additions of 4, 5, and 6 mol%, were densified by pressureless sintering. During heating, the WC that was added to the ceramic dissolved into the ZrB 2 matrix, forming a solid solution. Oxidation behavior was evaluated using isothermal furnace oxidation at 1500°C and 1600°C. The presence of tungsten reduced both the weight gain and oxide scale thickness compared with nominally pure ZrB 2 . After oxidation at 1600°C for 3 h, the thickness of the ZrO 2 outer scale was reduced from 4.7 mm for nominally pure ZrB 2 to 0.5 mm for the ceramic containing 6 mol% WC. Analysis showed that WC additions improved the oxidation resistance of ZrB 2 by changing the morphology of the zirconia scale formed during oxidation.
Neck kinematics and muscle activity during mobile device operations

Abstract Neck pain is a significant health problem due to its high incident rates and economic costs. Increased use of touch screen mobile devices is becoming pervasive in the modern society and may further influence this already prevalent health problem. However, our current understanding of the cervical spine biomechanics during the operation of touch screen mobile devices is very limited. This study evaluated the neck extensor muscle activities and the kinematics of the cervical spine during the operation of a touch screen tablet and a smart phone. Three-variables, DEVICE, LOCATION and TASK were treated as the independent variables. NASA TLX revealed that “Gaming” was the least difficult task and “Typing” was the most difficult task. Participants of this study maintained significantly deeper neck flexion when operating a smart phone (44.7°), with the mobile devices set on a table (46.4°), and while performing a “Typing” task (45.6°). Lower levels of neck muscle activities were observed while performing a “Reading” task and holding mobile devices with hand. Lower levels of neck muscle activities were also observed when using a smart phone vs. a tablet, however such change was statistically insignificant. Relevance to industry The current study demonstrated that users maintain deep neck flexion when using touchscreen mobile devices. In the recent years, there is an increasing popularity of mobile smart devices in various occupational environments. The findings of this study may be useful in implementing human-centered task designs to reduce neck injury risks among mobile device users.
Growth of perovskite PZT and PLZT thin films

This paper reports preliminary results on the fabrication of perovskite PZT and PLZT thin films using a sputtering technique. For glass, quartz and sapphire substrates, it was necessary to raise the substrate temperature above 550 ° C to achieve perovskite tetragonal structures of interest. Growth at temperatures below 550 ° C yielded a major pyrochlore structure phase. Excess of PbO in the target was also required to maintain stoichiometry in these films.
A Theoretical Study of Induction Electrohydrodynamic Pumping in Outer Space

The challenge for designers of a space station is to meet requirements ofweight, reliability, power, and maintainability. Several new technologies must be developed to insure the success of the space station. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping may have an impact on the design of novel pumping devices for space stations or other space-related operations. The principal advantage of EHD pumping is that it is non-mechanical; therefore, it has neither moving mechanical parts nor the need for external pressure for operation. Typical applications of EHD pumping include cooling of underground cables, transformers and similar electrical equipment. An EHD pump uses electric fields acting on electric charges embedded in a fluid to move that fluid. One way of setting up the free charges is induction charging, based on establishing an electrical conductivity gradient perpendicular to the desired direction of fluid motion. This gradient perpendicular to the desired direction of fluid motion. This gradient can be established in the presence of a temperature gradient. There are two basic kinds of induction EHD pump: attraction (forward) and repulsion (backward) pumps. In the attraction pump, the pipe is cooled at the wall, giving a negative electric conductivity gradient. In the repulsion pump, the pipe is heated atmore » the wall, causing a positive electric conductivity gradient. In the attraction pump, the fluid is pumped in the same direction as the traveling electric wave. In this mode, the fluid velocity is limited by the speed of the moving electric field (synchronous speed), which depends on frequency and on the spacing of the electrodes (wavelength) along the channel. Unlike the attraction pump, a repulsion pump has no velocity limit. In the repulsion mode, the fluid is pumped in the opposite direction to the traveling electric wave.« less
Sustainable Rural Development: Solar/Biomass Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Abstract This paper describes results from our effort to develop affordable technologies for sustainable rural development, particularly in regions that are plagued with energy poverty and where potable water is inaccessible. A hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) comprising photovoltaic array, battery, and biomass-fueled generator with gasifier, was developed. The system utilizes multiple conversion devices such that when combined, the weakness inherent in either is mitigated. Photovoltaic arrays serve the daytime energy need on days with high insolation, while excess energy is stored in a lead-acid battery. A 12 kW el Prakash electric generator serves as the backup power, producing electricity and exhaust heat. This engine derives its fuel from a 50 kW th Ankur downdraft gasifier that processes biomass feedstock to yield producer gas. Waste heat from the biomass fueled electric generator serves as thermal energy input to a Scarab AB air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) system. The AGMD module utilizes low-grade thermal energy applied to a salt-water solution also known as feed water, via a heat exchanger. This feed water of a known salt concentration is pumped into the hot inlet of the AGMD module, while the cold side of the membrane distillation module is maintained at a lower temperature using a heat sink. A cross-flow of the hot feed water and coolant water over a semi-porous membrane in the AGMD module results in a vapor pressure driven distillation of saltwater, which yields pure water. Result of the combined HRES and AGMD is a simultaneous production of electricity and pure water, also known as co-generation, which meets the need of a rural population. HOMER software was employed to analyze several configurations of the HRES, ensuring a reliable electricity production and an optimum sizing of the system. The overall result is an optimum levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the system that falls below the population's ability to pay, making electricity affordable, while also providing portable water for the rural community. The findings from this study suggest that co-generation using HRES and AGMD provides an affordable and reliable energy and water services that meet the needs of a rural community, thus a viable option for sustainable rural development.
Differential distribution of D3 dopamine receptors in the brains of several mammalian species

The D3 dopamine receptor has been proposed as a potential target for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug abuse. This study compares the distribution of D3 sites in mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit brain, and dog and human cerebellum using quantitative autoradiography with the putatively selective D3 receptor radioligand [3H]PD 128907. In the mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit, specific [3H]PD 128907 binding was heterogeneously distributed with highest densities observed in the islands of Calleja, followed by the nucleus accumbens. Moderate densities of [3H]PD 128907 binding were observed in the anteroventral and dorsomedial caudate nucleus. Dense [3H]PD 128907-labelled sites were observed in the dorsal thalamus, posterior mamilliary nucleus, and dorsomedial interpeduncular nucleus of the rabbit that were not detected in the other species studied. Moderately dense []PD 128907 binding was also observed in the molecular layer of cerebellar lobule X of the rat but not in the mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, or human. These observations indicate significant inter-species differences in the distribution of D3 receptors.
Approaching and avoiding arguments: The role of epistemological beliefs, need for cognition, and extraverted personality traits

Abstract Because argumentation may promote deeper processing of content, this study examined factors affecting students’ dispositions to engage in argument, specifically epistemological beliefs, need for cognition, and extraversion (assertiveness and warmth). An instrument developed by Infante and Rancer (1982) was used to measure dispositions to approach or avoid arguments. Subjects were 238 undergraduates who completed surveys of the relevant constructs. Contrary to expectation that epistemological beliefs would predict the approach component by affecting the perceived usefulness of argumentation, regression analysis indicated that epistemological beliefs instead predicted the avoidance component (as did a desire to maintain warm relationships). Need for cognition predicted the approach component, whereas assertiveness predicted both. The need to better understand why some students avoid arguments is discussed.
Cloud chemistry research at Whiteface Mountain

Cloud collection principles are briefly reviewed; the performance of two collectors in common use is compared. Two cloud event studies (one during winter, the other during summer) are presented to contrast typical time-dependent histories of chemical concentrations for the two seasons. During winter, the oxidation rate of SO 2 is low, resulting in measured sulfate concentrations independent of SO 2 concentrations. During summer, SO 2 is rapidly oxidized by H 2 O 2 with a residue of H 2 O 2 persisting in cloud water after SO 2 has been converted. Changes in the gas phase concentrations of SO 2 and H 2 O 2 are shown during a cloud event. Both gases drop to very low concentrations in cloud with H 2 O 2 tending to recover after available SO 2 has been oxidized. The meteorology for each event is presented to illustrate the role of atmospheric structure in the transporting of emitted material and in determining cloud water compositions. Finally, a cloud chemistry climatology for winter and summer is presented, based upon 6 years of observations at Whiteface Mountain. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1989.tb00127.x
“Visions on the Battlefields”: Alexander A. Boddy, Early British Pentecostalism, and the First World War, 1914–1918*

This article investigates the relationship between religion and politics in the First World War by examining the work of Rev. Alexander A. Boddy, a Church of England minister and key leader in early British Pentecostalism. The article surveys a wide variety of responses to the war in Great Britain, but focuses, in particular, on how Pentecostalism shaped Boddy's distinctive understanding of events, especially his view of supernatural phenomenon, his attitude toward the nations involved, and his eschatology. The article explores how Pentecostalism, by focusing on signs and wonders in everyday life, contributed to an interpretation of state politics and world events that placed unique emphasis on determining the role of the supernatural in contemporary events that remains part of popular Pentecostalism today.
Multiprocessing extensions in Spur Lisp

The authors describe their multiprocessing extensions to Common Lisp. They have added a few simple, expressive features on which one can build high-level constructs. These consist of a multithreading mechanism, primitives for communication and synchronization (mailboxes and signals), and a feature called futures. A few examples clarify how the primitives work and demonstrate their expressiveness. When Spur Lisp is ported to and optimized on the Spur workstation (a shared memory multiprocessor), programmers can use it to make symbolic programs parallel. >
Separation of α-, β- and γ-Casein

Summary Two methods are described for separation of the electrophoretic components of casein. In the first method, the separation is accomplished by precipitation from 50 per cent alcohol solutions of casein by means of variations in temperature, pH and ionic strength and by isoelectric precipitation from water. The second method is based on the solubility of the casein components in aqueous urea. The urea method is relatively simple and gives products with the same composition and properties as those obtained by the pH and also the 50 per cent alcohol methods.
Patients' willingness to pay for pharmacist-provided menopause and hormone replacement therapy consultations.

Abstract Objective To determine what women would be willing to pay for pharmacist-provided menopause and hormone replacement therapy consultations and the relationship between willingness to pay (WTP) and patients' perceptions of importance of resolving menopausal symptoms, their satisfaction with physician services, their perceptions of pharmacists' abilities, and income. Methodology A convenience sample of 203 adult women using medications to treat menopause was recruited by their pharmacists. A self-administered survey was used to address the study objectives. The contingent valuation method was used to assess WTP in 4 scenarios (ie, 50% and 100% improvement in symptoms after a half-hour initial and a half-hour follow-up visit, respectively). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between WTP and the independent variables. Results Two hundred and three surveys were returned resulting in a response rate of 41%. Across all 4 scenarios, at least 85% of women surveyed were willing to pay a minimum of US $20 for pharmacist-provided menopause and hormone replacement therapy services. Respondents were willing to pay a median of US $40 (for both 50% and 100% improvement) per half-hour for initial consultations, and US $20 and US $40 (50% and 100% improvement, respectively) per half-hour for follow-up consultations. Regression analyses revealed that across all 4 scenarios, patients' perceptions of pharmacists' abilities and income were significantly and positively ( P Conclusion This study showed that most women surveyed were willing to pay for pharmacist-provided hormone replacement therapy and menopause counseling services and that the WTP amounts increased as patients' perceptions of pharmacists' abilities and income increased. If pharmacists can effectively educate the public about their capabilities and expertise, they may discover that they have a new niche opportunity.
Sialic acid and fatty acid concentrations in lymphocytes, red blood cells and plasma from patients with multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Lipids and constituents of lipids were isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), red blood cells (RBC), plasma and sera from 51 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 51 controls, matched for age, sex and race. The amount of sialic acid released by incubation of intact PBL from MS patients was significantly lower (P
A response to Bethke et al.

The ideas in the paper by Bethke, Dean, Kaiser, Ort, and Pessin parallel so closely what people in my documentation group have been learning lately, that I was first tempted to respond with something like, "There's nothing new here. Sure, it's accurate and perceptive, but we know just as much." Then I realized that the paper had been written 10 years ago, reflecting study that is now 12 years old, any my respect grew. While we have been thinking about these things, they have long since tied it all together and implemented it.
Rethinking Dover: Religion, Science, and the Values of Democratic Citizenship

The Dover decision restricted the mention of Intelligent Design in a public school science classroom yet the Dover opinion offers an inadequate defensive position. Liberal democracy can exclude Intelligent Design based on the Establishment Clause yet courts do not affirm the teaching of best available science or connect teaching science to other constitutional rights, duties, or institutions. Although Dover has triggered a debate over the role of religion in public and private life, the case reveals complex issues regarding science, citizenship, and the values of liberal democratic civic identity. In three sections, this article (1) reviews the creationism jurisprudence; (2) dissects the Dover decision; and (3) suggests an alternative juridical approach grounded in an education case, Plyler v. Doe, in which education creates citizens who are politically competent, economically fit, and capable of self-development. The conclusion reframes the debate over Intelligent Design as one of civic identity and political reproduction arguing that liberals, using the ideas of Brennan, Marshall, and Breyer must make a positive case for the role of science in shaping the liberal citizen, worker, and person.
Cathode-Ray Tube for Recording High-Speed Transients

A traveling-wave cathode-ray tube has been developed which will record single nonrecurrent transients of 0.5 millimicrosecond rise time. The development was directed toward improvement of writing speed, deflection factor, and shielding between horizontal and vertical deflectors. Distortions due to transittime effects, and frequency dependent impedance mismatch of the deflector have been minimized. A deflection factor of approximately 0.5 volt per trace width (33 volt per cm) in the vertical direction has been obtained with a reduction of sensitivity of approximately 4 per cent at 1,000 mc. A recorded writing speed in excess of 1×10 trace widths per second (1.5×10 meters per second) has been realized. Oscillograms of recorded traces are shown.
Bcl-2 and tBid proteins counter-regulate mitochondrial potassium transport.

Abstract The mechanism of cytochrome c release from mitochondria in apoptosis remains obscure, although it is known to be regulated by bcl-2 family proteins. Here we describe a set of novel apoptotic phenomena—stimulation of the mitochondrial potassium uptake preceding cytochrome c release and regulation of such potassium uptake by bcl-2 family proteins. As a result of increased potassium uptake, mitochondria undergo moderate swelling sufficient to release cytochrome c . Overexpression of bcl-2 protein prevented the mitochondrial potassium uptake as well as cytochrome c release in apoptosis. Bcl-2 was found to upregulate the mitochondrial potassium efflux mechanism—the K/H exchanger. Specific activation of the mitochondrial K-uniporter led to cytochrome c release, which was inhibited by bcl-2. tBid had an opposite effect—it stimulated mitochondrial potassium uptake resulting in cytochrome c release. The described counter-regulation of mitochondrial potassium transport by bcl-2 and Bid suggests a novel view of a mechanism of cytochrome c release from mitochondria in apoptosis.
American bison influences on lepidopteran and wild blue lupine distribution in an oak savanna landscape

The natural influences of American bison have been virtually eliminated from the North American landscape, making it difficult to study native grassland ecosystems. The Sandhill Wildlife Area provides a unique opportunity to study this once-natural phenomenon in an oak savanna landscape. This area is home to the largest known population of the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly. We evaluated lepidopteran and lupine distribution relative to cover types and generated statistical models to predict occupancy and abundance relative to in situ groundcover variables as well as American bison related habitat variables. Overall variance of lepidopteran populations was best explained by increasing nectar and forb cover (29.4 % occurrence explained), while lepidopterans excluding Karner blues were further associated with decreasing cover of shrubs/trees (25.8 % occurrence, 59.8 % abundance explained) and were more likely to occur in areas of disturbance cover type. Karner blue occurrence was best explained (41.6 %) by increasing nectar and forb cover and an increasing number of bison chips (indicative of the recent presence of bison). Karner blue females, specifically, were more likely to be present in areas of wallow cover type and were best explained by increasing nectar plant cover (33.4 % occurrence, 60.1 % abundance explained) and increasing shrub cover. Females were also associated with an increasing number of bison chips, number of wallows and total size of wallows. Karner blue male occupancy were best explained (40.7 %) by increasing nectar cover and increasing number of bison chips. Lupine was significantly less likely to occur in areas of shrubs/trees cover. Lupine was explained (55.7 % occupancy and 88.2 % abundance), by the decreasing cover of shrubs/trees, and by the cover of nectar, forbs, and grass, and total size of wallows. We conclude that the activities caused by bison reduce the overall woody growth and produce improved habitat for nectar plants and especially for disturbance-dependent lupine, and subsequently enhance habitat for lepidopterans. Karner blues were significantly related to bison activities, suggesting that improved management techniques should consider mimicking megaherbivore activities through increased disturbance frequency and increase mineral-soil disturbance.
Mapping the sound field of an erupting submarine volcano using an acoustic glider

An underwater glider with an acoustic data logger flew toward a recently discovered erupting submarine volcano in the northern Lau basin. With the volcano providing a wide-band sound source, recordings from the two-day survey produced a two-dimensional sound level map spanning 1 km (depth) × 40 km(distance). The observed sound field shows depth- and range-dependence, with the first-order spa tial pattern being consistent with the predictions of a range-dependent propagation model. The results allow constraining the acoustic source level of the volcanic activity and suggest that the glider provides an effective platform for monitoring natural and anthropogenic ocean sounds.
Preservation of functional corpora lutea in the rat by estrogen treatment.

Appropriate estrogen treatment can not only initiate, but maintain, pseudopregnancy in the rat. In a third (11/33) of estrogen treated rats studied for this length of time, vaginal signs of corpus luteum function (maintenance of diestrous smears despite the estrogen treatment) were sustained for 6-8 weeks. Most corpora degenerated after a pseudopregnancy of only 4-6 weeks, however (i.e., after a period 2-3 times the duration of a “normal” pseudopregnancy). Direct evidence that the sustained vaginal diestrus reflects preservation of a single set of corpora was provided by “tagging” 2-3 week old corpora with microinjections of India ink and allowing them to survive for an additional 17-27 days (4 rats). Possible explanations for this type of luteal longevity, and for its usual failure to persist indefinitely, are discussed. (Endocrinology 79:1011,1966)
THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC THYROID CANCER WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE: CREDITS AND DEBITS

THE first attempts to localize radioactive iodine in cancer of the thyroid were reported in 1940 by Hamilton, Soley, and Eichorn. Although they were unable to detect significant quantities of radioactive iodine in the 2 cancers of the thyroid that they studied, they wisely concluded that, “It is possible that in other cases of carcinoma of the thyroid, radioiodine may be stored in the affected tissues in quantities sufficient for treatment” (1). The first successful attempt to demonstrate selective concentration of the isotope in thyroid cancer was reported in 1942 by Keston et at. (2). Therapeutic efforts were not undertaken however, because only one of the several metastases could be shown to collect iodine. A subsequent report in 1944 by the same authors (3) indicated that all metastases, except the one which concentrated iodine, were undifferentiated. Seidlin, Marinelli and Oshry (4) in 1946 reported the first case in which not only selective collection of ioding by metastases of thyroid cancer was ob...