cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Differentiation of Rat Sertoli Cells

Fine structural cytodifferentiation of the Sertoli cells of the rat testis was examined at 2 week intervals from Day 7 postnatally to sexual maturity. The cells undergo rapid morphological differentiation during the first 5 weeks after birth. These changes include a large increase in cell size and in the extent of cytoplasmic processes between germinal cells; changes occur in the pattern of nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear envelope infoldings and in the development of cellular organdIes, particularly the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Differentiation of the basal cytoplasm consists primarily of a regional accumulation of microtubules and inicrofilaments, whereas apical surface specializations consist of fingerlike cytoplasmic projections. An apparent sequence of events was observed in the development of the junctional complexes between neighboring cells and in the formation of the tripartite nucleolus. This Sertoli cell structural differentiation occurring during the prepuberal period correlates with the appearance of various physiologic and metabolic changes in the function of the developing testis.
Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the Design of Social Futures. Edited by Bill Cope and Mary Kalantzis. London: Routledge, 2000. 288 pp

When I teach a writing course to an interdisciplinary group of students, I find that the most difficult concept to get across is the contextual nature of writing. Writing, I always say to students,...
Adsorption and catalysis on silicon-modified W(110) surfaces

Abstract The adsorption of CO, hydrogen, and benzene was studied at 120 K on silicon-covered W(110) surfaces using temperature-programmed desorption. The saturation coverage of virgin CO is reduced from 0.80 monolayer (ML) on the clean W(110) surface to 0.40 ML in the presence of 0.30 ML of silicon and to 0.21 ML in the presence of 0.56 ML of silicon. No CO adsorption occurs on W(110) covered by a monolayer of silicon. Dissociation of hydrogen, CO, and benzene is strongly inhibited by silicon. The inhibition of CO and hydrogen adsorption by silicon is discussed in terms of the proposed overlayer structures for silicon on W(110). Upon annealing silicon overlayers to 1050 K, silicon diffuses into the bulk to form tungsten silicide, and the resulting increase in the concentration of tungsten atoms at the surface increases the ability of the surface to adsorb CO. Results are compared to those from adsorption studies on silicon-covered polycrystalline tungsten and on a nickeldisilicide surface. The dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of cyclohexane were used to test the catalytic properties of the silicon-modified surfaces. Tungsten silicide appears to be a highly selective catalyst for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane. Comparison with a study of cyclohexane reactions over silane-treated nickel catalysts indicates that high selectivity for dehydrogenation may be a general attribute of silicon-modified metal catalysts. The activity of tungsten silicide for cyclohexane dehydrogenation to benzene is at least as great as that of the Ru(M01) surface.
Habitual and Low-Impact Activities are Associated with Better Bone Outcomes and Lower Body Fat in Older Women

The influence of habitual and low-impact physical activity (PA) on bone health and soft tissue including bone-free lean (BFL) and fat mass is less elucidated than the influence of high-impact activities. This study examines the interactive effects of PA and soft tissue on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in healthy Caucasian women, aged 68.6 ± 7.1 years, with body mass index (BMI) of 26.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2 evaluated at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years. Measurements/assessments included BMD/BMC and soft tissue (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), anthropometrics, dietary intake, and PA. Activities assessed were past activity, present heavy housework, gardening, do-it-yourself activities, stair-climbing, walking, walking pace, sports/recreation, and total activity. Baseline analyses revealed significant positive associations between past activity, heavy housework, faster-paced walking, BFL, and BMD/BMC of various skeletal sites. Prospective analyses showed subjects with more walking hours/week had significantly higher BMD/BMC of several skeletal sites (P < 0.05). Stratification by cumulative (over 3 years) median for heavy housework, walking, sports/recreational, and total activities revealed higher BMD and BMC in the femur and spine (P = 0.01) in subjects with those activities above median. Multivariate analysis of covariance results revealed that weight had the strongest influence on BMD and BMC, followed by BFL. Various modes of PA were negatively associated with BMI and fat but not with BFL. In conclusion, heavy housework, walking (faster pace), sports/recreational activities, and overall total participation in low-impact PA were beneficial for bone and for achieving more favorable body weight and fat but were not associated with BFL. The results indicate that even habitual activities engaged in by older women could benefit their bone and diminish body fat.
A comparison of interactive narrative system approaches using human improvisational actors

Interactive narrative is an approach to interactive entertainment or learning in which a system attempts to tell a story to an interactive participant. In this paper we report on a study to compare the theoretical strengths and weaknesses of two approaches to developing computational interactive narrative systems. We compare two approaches to interactive narrative: emergent approaches utilizing autonomous virtual character agents, and drama management approaches utilizing semi-autonomous virtual character agents. Our study uses improvisational theatre as an idealized, human analogue to computational interactive narrative. Results suggest that, regardless of approach, idealized interactive narrative systems should be nearly indistinguishable in terms of character believability and narrative coherence. Results suggest that drama management systems may have an advantage when particular features are required to emerge in players' interactive experiences.
The Effect of Trauma on the Ocular Penetration of Intravenous Ciprofloxacin

Purpose To study the intraocular pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ciprofloxacin following eye trauma. Methods Twenty-three New Zealand albino rabbits and 12 Yorkshire pigs each received a surgically induced scleral injury to the right eye. Following repair, each rabbit received a single 30-mg intravenous infusion of ciprofloxacin. Each pig received either two 200-mg doses or two 400-mg doses of intravenous ciprofloxacin given 12 hours apart. Vitreous and serum samples were harvested at 0.5, 1, 4, 6, and 12 hours after antibiotic administration in rabbits and 1 hour after the second dose in pigs. Bioassays for ciprofloxacin were performed on each sample, and results were statistically compared by t test. The untraumatized left eye in each animal served as a control. Results The mean vitreous concentration of ciprofloxacin in traumatized rabbit eyes was 0.37 μg/ml. This level was sustained above levels in control eyes (0.18 μg/ml) for at least 4 hours following antibiotic administration. In control eyes, intravitreal levels peaked at 1 hour. Mean vitreous concentrations ± SD in traumatized pig eyes were 0.091 ± 0.017 μg/ml in swine that had received 200-mg doses of ciprofloxacin vs 0.312 ± 0.153 μg/ml in swine that had received 400-mg doses (P = .02). Mean vitreous concentrations of ciprofloxacin in control eyes were not affected by increasing dosage. Conclusion In both animal models, experimental surgical trauma increased intravitreal ciprofloxacin delivery. In addition, systemically administered ciprofloxacin achieved intravitreous levels exceeding minimum inhibitory concentrations for common ocular pathogens, suggesting a role for ciprofloxacin in the prophylaxis of posttraumatic endophthalmitis.
Assessment of Disruptive Behaviors in Preschoolers: Psychometric Properties of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale and School Situations Questionnaire.

Disruptive behavior disorders (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) are increasingly being diagnosed in preschool children. However, the assessment and differential diagnosis of these disorders presents several challenges to clinicians. For example, most rating scales used to help diagnose such problems were developed using school age children. Thus, the psychometric properties of many commonly used assessment tools have yet to be investigated with a preschool population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) and the School Situations Questionnaire (SSQ) when used with a community sample of at-risk pre school children. Results indicate that both measures have adequate psychometric properties for use with preschoolers. Additionally, as with school-age populations, a three-factor solution, with factors reflecting inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and oppositional defiant...
Behavioral and neural correlates of postnatal olfactory conditioning: II. Respiration during conditioning

Preweanling rats are capable of learning a preference for an odor that has been paired with a variety of stimuli (Brake, 1981; Johanson & Hall, 1982; Johanson & Teicher, 1980; Sullivan, Brake, Hofer, & Williams, 1986; Sullivan, Hofer, & Brake, 1986). This learning is associated with an enhanced 14C 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in focal regions of the olfactory bulb glomerular layer in response to presentation of the preferred odor (Coopersmith & Leon, 1984; Sullivan & Leon, 1986; Sullivan & Leon, 1987a). The mitral cells associated with the focal regions of the olfactory bulb also have an altered response pattern to the learned odor (Wilson, Sullivan, & Leon, 1985, 1987; Wilson & Leon, 1988a). These behavioral and neural changes do not occur following experience with only the odor (Sullivan & Leon, 1986; Wilson et al. 1987), are specific to the learned odor (Coopersmith, Henderson, & Leon, 1986; Wilson et al. 1985, 1987, 1988a), persist into adulthood (Coopersmith & Leon, 1986), and are associated with morphological changes within the olfactory bulb (Woo, Coopersmith, & Leon, 1987).
Field Competitiveness of Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles Males Carrying a Complex Chromosomal Aberration: a Second Experiment

During late autumn 1978, male Culex tritaeniorhynchus carrying a complex chromosomal re-arrangement (In(3)T(2,3)l) were outcrossed to a newly established hybrid stock and released at the village of Shah-di-Khoi near Lahore. Mating competitiveness in nature was assessed using marked virgin sibling females, the marked virgin female progeny of wild-caught females and unmarked females collected biting buffaloes at Shah-di-Khoi. The released males were competitive for their sibling females, but were uncompetitive for the progeny of wild-caught females as well as the unmarked females, even when the sample size was adjusted for emergence and parity. These results suggest that the genome enabling mating under insectary conditions was rapidly selected and fixed, leading to the observed assortative mating.
Optimizing aircraft routings in response to groundings and delays

This paper presents the time-band optimization model for reconstructing aircraft routings in response to groundings and delays experienced over the course of the day. Whenever the schedule is disrupted, the immediate objective of the airlines is to minimize the cost of reassigning aircraft to flights taking into account available resources and other system constraints. Associated costs are measured by flight delays and cancellations. The time-band model is constructed by transforming the routing problem into a time-based network in which the time horizon is discretized. The resulting formulation is an integral minimum cost network flow problem with side constraints. Conditions for which an exact solution to the model represents an optimal solution for the original problem are stated. The transformation procedure is polynomial with respect to the number of airports and flights in the schedule. Computational experience shows that the underlying network structure of the transformed problem often leads to int...
Quantitative angiocardiography. II. The normal left atrial volume in man.

Maximum and minimum volumes of the left atrium (LA) were calculated from the biplane angiocardiograms of 18 men and four women without significant heart disease. The mean LA maximum volume was 63 cc ± 16 cc; the mean LA minimum volume was 31 cc±10 cc, and their difference, LA cyclic volume change, was 33 cc±13 cc. Larger LA volumes were associated with greater cyclic volume changes. LA cyclic volume changes constituted 38% of LV stroke volume. No significant correlation between LA volumes and age, sex, surface area, heart rate, LV end-diastolic volume, LV stroke volume, or cardiac output was found. Volume data in normal subjects support the thesis that the LA serves mainly as a reservoir and conduit for blood destined for the left ventricle and that its contractile function is less important. The relation of LA volume change to LV stroke volume appears abnormal in chronic mitral regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis.
Fractionation and mantle heterogeneity in basalts from the Peru-Chile Trench

Abstract Five separate exposures of oceanic basalts were dredged in the vicinity of the Peru-Chile Trench between 9° and 27°S latitude. Each dredge is dominated by abundant pillow basalts. Approximately ten of the most unaltered, glassy and fine-grained samples were selected for detailed chemical and petrographic analyses from each dredge area. All basalts recovered in the Peru-Chile Trench are olivine and quartz-normative tholeiites that are believed to have formed at the now extinct Galapagos Rise 30–50 m.y. ago. Detailed chemical analyses of the basalts, including major and selected trace and rare earth elements, indicate that considerable compositional variability exists both within each of the dredged areas as well as between areas. Most of the inherent chemical variability observed within particular basement sections appears consistent with the concept of temporal evolution of magma bodies at a former spreading center by shallow-level fractional crystallization involving primarily plagioclase and olivine. In contrast, important chemical differences between the dredged areas suggest compositional heterogeneities in the mantle source regions. Our results indicate that although shallow-level fractionation has brought about large changes in composition of basalts in each area, compositional trends are distinct and appear to reflect original mantle-derived compositional differences.
Fixed Income Securities

Corporations finance their operations by selling stock and bonds. Owning a share of stock means partial ownership of the company. Stockholders share in both the profits and losses of the company. Owning a bond is different. When you buy a bond you are loaning money to the corporation, though bonds, unlike loans, are tradeable. The corporation is obligated to pay back the principal and to pay interest as stipulated by the bond. The bond owner receives a fixed stream of income, unless the corporation defaults on the bond. For this reason, bonds are called “fixed income” securities.
Developing Self-Regulation Skills: The Important Role of Homework:

The article evaluates the relationship between homework and self-regulation from the elementary grades to college. It reveals that quality measures of homework such as managing distractions, self-e...
Revisiting 'Mandingization' in coastal Gambia and Casamance (Senegal): four approaches to ethnic change

"Mandingization," the gradual process of cultural change whereby Jola peoples of the Casamance region of southern Senegal are becoming more like their Mandinka neighbors, is analyzed in this article as comprising four distinguishable processes: ethnogenesis, ethnocultural drift, ethnic osmosis, and ethnic strategizing. By distinguishing among these four processes and analyzing their interaction, we can understand the dynamics of Mandingization more clearly and also derive insights for understanding ethnic change generally. The current moment of ethnic change in The Gambia includes a resurgence in Karon Jola ethnic identity, but we need to view this process as contingent, not yet accomplished, and a challenge to the pattern of Mandinka dominance in a time of broader social change. Resume: La "mandingisation" est le processus graduel de changement culturel par lequel le peuple Jola de la region du Casamance dans le sud du Senegal devient de plus en plus similaire a ses voisins les Mandinka. Ce processus est analyse dans cet article dans l'ensemble de ses quatre formes: ethnogenese, courant ethnoculturel, osmose ethnique, et elaboration de strategies ethniques. En distinguant ces quatre processus et en analysant leur interaction, on peut mieux comprendre les dynamiques de la "mandingisation" et aussi en tirer des conclusions applicables au changement ethnique en general. L'evolution ethnique presente en Gambie inclut une resurgence de l'identite ethnique Karon Jola, mais il est necessaire de considerer ce processus comme une contingence pas encore aboutie, ainsi qu'un obstacle a la tendance dominante de l'ethnie Mandinka dans un contexte plus large de changement social.
The accidental altruist

Operational definitions of biological altruism in terms of actual fitness exchanges will not work because they include accidental acts as altruistic and exclude altruistic acts that have gone awry. I argue that the definition of biological altruism should contain an analogue of the role intention plays in psychological altruism. I consider two possibilities for this analogue, selected effect functions and the proximate causes and effects of behavior. I argue that the selected-effect function account will not work because it confuses the explanation of some altruistic behavior with the definition of all of it and the information needed to justify a selected effect account of function is too often inaccessible. Close attention to the proximate explanations of a behavior is all that is needed to determine if an act is biologically altruistic, returning biological altruism to descriptive ethology, where it belongs.
Sex-biased chromatin and regulatory cross-talk between sex chromosomes, autosomes, and mitochondria

Several autoimmune and neurological diseases exhibit a sex bias, but discerning the causes and mechanisms of these biases has been challenging. Sex differences begin to manifest themselves in early embryonic development, and gonadal differentiation further bifurcates the male and female phenotypes. Even at this early stage, however, there is evidence that males and females respond to environmental stimuli differently, and the divergent phenotypic responses may have consequences later in life. The effect of prenatal nutrient restriction illustrates this point, as adult women exposed to prenatal restrictions exhibited increased risk factors of cardiovascular disease, while men exposed to the same condition did not. Recent research has examined the roles of sex-specific genes, hormones, chromosomes, and the interactions among them in mediating sex-biased phenotypes. Such research has identified testosterone, for example, as a possible protective agent against autoimmune disorders and an XX chromosome complement as a susceptibility factor in murine models of lupus and multiple sclerosis. Sex-biased chromatin is an additional and likely important component. Research suggesting a role for X and Y chromosome heterochromatin in regulating epigenetic states of autosomes has highlighted unorthodox mechanisms of gene regulation. The crosstalk between the Y chromosomes and autosomes may be further mediated by the mitochondria. The organelles have solely maternal transmission and exert differential effects on males and females. Altogether, research supports the notion that the interaction between sex-biased elements might exert novel regulatory functions in the genome and contribute to sex-specific susceptibilities to autoimmune and neurological diseases.
Capacity and Power Allocation for Transmitter and Receiver Cooperation in Fading Channels

Capacity gain from transmitter and receiver cooperation under channel fading are compared in a relay network where the cooperating nodes are close together. We assume a Rayleigh flat-fading environment in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime where the transmitters only have channel distribution information (CDI) but not channel state information (CSI). When all nodes have equal average transmit power, we show that the decode-and-forward transmitter cooperation strategy is capacity-achieving and is superior to receiver cooperation. However, the compress-and-forward receiver cooperation strategy is shown to outperform transmitter cooperation when power is optimally allocated among the nodes. Furthermore, we show that cooperative systems provide resilience to channel fading. However, in a fading channel, capacity becomes more sensitive to power allocation, and the cooperating nodes need to be closer together. With respect to limits on cooperation, it is shown that in a large cluster of M cooperating nodes, transmitter cooperation without CSI at the transmitter (CSIT), or receiver cooperation under equal power allocation, provides no capacity gain in a static channel, and at most a constant capacity gain that fails to grow with M in a fading channel.
Reoperative surgery for complications of hemorrhoidectomy

Hemorrhoids remain among the most common disorders treated by colorectal surgeons. A wide variety of medical, office-based, and surgical treatment options are currently available. The primary surgical procedures from which patients and surgeons may choose include excisional hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, and transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization. Each of these operations is safe, however, like all operations, carry certain risks of complications. Some of these complications may require surgical management. Pain is the most common complication of hemorrhoid procedures. This is most often management non-operatively; however, pain can be secondary to an abscess, thrombosis, or retained staples, which may require surgical management. Postoperative bleeding can occur due to uncontrolled vascular inflow, dehiscence of closed hemorrhoidectomy wounds, or bleeding at the staple line. Stricture is a complication of excisional hemorrhoidectomy that may require anoplasty with flap reconstruction.
Comparative study of six explicit and two implicit finite difference schemes for solving one‐dimensional parabolic partial differential equations

Eight finite difference schemes used in solving parabolic partial differential equations are compared with respect to accuracy, execution time and programming effort. The analysis presented is useful in selecting the appropriate numerical scheme depending on the emphasis placed upon accuracy, execution time or programming effort.
Plant phenology and life span influence soil pool dynamics: Bromus tectorum invasion of perennial C3–C4 grass communities

In water-limited ecosystems, small rainfall events can have dramatic impacts on microbial activity and soil nutrient pools. Plant community phenology and life span also affect soil resources by determining the timing and quantity of plant nutrient uptake, storage, and release. Using the replacement of C3–C4 perennial grasses by the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum as a case study, we investigated the influence of phenology and life span on pulse responses and sizes of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. We hypothesized that available and microbial C and N would respond to small rainfall events and that B. tectorum invasion would increase soil C and N pools by reducing inter-annual plant C and N storage and alter seasonal pool dynamics by changing the timing of plant uptake and litter inputs. We tested our hypotheses by simulating small rainfall events in B. tectorum and perennial grass communities three times during the growing season. Microbial pools responded strongly to soil moisture and simulated rainfall events, but labile C and N pools were affected weakly or not at all. All pools were larger beneath B. tectorum than perennial grasses. Soil C and N pools increased after senescence in both communities. Our results suggest that transforming a perennial into a B. tectorum dominated community increases the overall size of soil C and N pools by decreasing plant C and N storage and changes seasonal pool dynamics by altering dominant plant phenology. Our results indicate strong roles for water, life span and phenology in controlling soil C and N pools and begin to elucidate the biogeochemical effects of altering plant community phenology and life span.
Clinical Implications of Unmanaged Needle-Insertion Pain and Distress in Children

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that pain from venipuncture and intravenous cannulation is an important source of pediatric pain and has a lasting impact. Ascending sensory neural pain pathways are functioning in preterm and term infants, yet descending inhibitory pathways seem to mature postnatally. Consequently, infants may experience pain from the same stimulus more intensely than older children. In addition, painful perinatal procedures such as heel lancing or circumcision have been found to correlate with stronger negative responses to venipuncture and intramuscular vaccinations weeks to months later. Similarly, older children have reported greater pain during follow-up cancer-related procedures if the pain of the initial procedure was poorly controlled, despite improved analgesia during the subsequent procedures. Fortunately, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic techniques have been found to reduce children's acute pain and distress and subsequent negative behaviors during venipuncture and intravenous catheter insertion. This review summarizes the evidence for the importance of managing pediatric procedural pain and methods for reducing venous access pain.
Influence of an Interactive Computer-Based Inhaler Technique Tutorial on Patient Knowledge and Inhaler Technique

Background:Patient knowledge of correct inhaler technique is essential in the treatment of pulmonary disease. Computer delivery of educational content may augment existing teaching efforts.Objective:To determine whether a computer-based tutorial on inhaler technique could improve patients' knowledge and ability to correctly demonstrate inhaler technique.Methods:A total of 34 adults with pulmonary disease and experience using inhalers were randomized into the control or intervention groups. The intervention group viewed the tutorial, after which they demonstrated their inhaler technique and completed an Inhaler Technique Knowledge Test. Control group patients, who did not view the tutorial, were also evaluated on their demonstrated inhaler technique and technique knowledge. Additional information obtained included demographics, illness and treatment history, and patients' use of computers. Lastly, all patients who viewed the tutorial completed a brief questionnaire eliciting tutorial feedback. Control grou...
The Paradoxical Transmission of Tradition and Agamben's Potential Reading of the Rishonim

This essay explores the significance of Agamben's sparse references to medieval Jewish thinkers (that is, the Rishonim) and raises the question as to whether the modern interpretive horizon of "history" is adequate for providing an understanding of these thinkers.
How Lines Organize Compulsory Interaction, Emotion Management, and “Emotional Taxes”: The Implications of Passenger Emotion and Expression in Airport Security Lines

Everyday nearly two million people use commercial air transportation in the United States. To fly, each passenger must perform a unique type of emotion management that may impact their entire travel experience. Using ethnographic observation and interviews, this project explores how airport structures—security queues in particular—serve to cue emotional responses for passengers and shape interactions with others. Specifically highlighted are the reflexive nature of emotions, how emotions “travel” among people and through contexts to influence communication, and the consequences of emotion management for individuals and organizations. In examining compulsory interactions between passengers and employees, the study forwards a new emotion management construct specific to customers—“emotional taxes” or the emotional performances customers must “pay” to negotiate a compulsory interaction.
Synthesis and dopamine transporter binding affinities of 3α-Benzyl-8-(diarylmethoxyethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes

A series of 3alpha-benzyl-8-(diarylmethoxyethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes was synthesized and the binding affinities of the compounds were determined at the dopamine transporter. The unsubstituted analogue 7b (K(i)=98nM) was the most potent compound of the series with binding affinity three-times greater than cocaine and only 5-fold less than GBR-12909. The structure-activity data for 7a-f suggests that these compounds may be binding at the dopamine transporter in a similar fashion to GBR 12909.
Dispersal behavior correlates with personality of a North American fish

The process of dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual (intrinsic) traits and environmental (extrinsic) factors. Although many studies address and quantify dispersal, few evaluate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly. We test the relative importance of intrinsic traits (exploration tendency and size) and extrinsic factors (population density and habitat quality) on dispersal of a medium-sized western United States minnow, southern leatherside chub Lepidomeda aliciae. A generalized linear model with a binomial response was used to determine the probability of individuals dispersing one year after tagging. Medium-sized individuals that were more prone to explore novel environments were 10.7 times more likely to be recaptured outside of their original capture area after a year (dispersal) compared to non-explorer individuals of the same size class. Differences be- tween explorer classifications within the small and large size classes were negligible. Open habitat within 50 m upstream also in- creased the probability of dispersal relative to controls. Relative location within the study reach, and population density were not significantly related to dispersal probabilities of individuals. Our results indicate that understanding of personality may illuminate patterns of dispersal within and among populations (Current Zoology 58 (2): 260270, 2012).
Public Policy Issues in Weather Modification

Weather modification is a relatively new technique of environmental control promising important benefits but threating significant disbenefits as well. As such it is the proper subject for public regulation. Numerous public policy approaches are considered here. Because experimentation and action programs are desirable, the imposition of controls should be carefully planned and phased to promote careful experimentation and protect ecological values. Public regulation presently is principally a state responsibility but federal involvement will be both necessary and desirable. The federal and state governments must regulate to prevent contamination of projects and prevent projects from interfering with each other. Licensing and setting of scientific qualifications for researchers and practitioners is called for, probably at state level. Projects of appropriate size must be mounted to maximize scientific results while not endangering biological communities. Several federal agencies are involved in weather modification and appropriate roles and missions must be assigned each. An appropriate administrative mechanism must be found for regulating weather modification. Serious questions of indemnification and international relations remain unanswered.
Erythrocyte Deformability and its Significance to Survival in the Microcirculation

It is a very great pleasure as a clinician to have this opportunity to contribute to this the Second International Conference, and I hope, as I am certain that the other contributors do, that the ideas presented will be stimulating, both to provoke considerable criticism and provide some suggestions for further experimental work by you in the field of hemorheo1ogy.
A Parallel, open-source, internet-enabled computational mechanics simulation platform

Publisher Summary The Parallel Interoperable Computational Mechanics Simulation System (PICMSS), an open-source, Internet-enabled collaborative production simulation software system, is under development for analysis of coupled multidisciplinary engineering design problems. A GUI-enabled conservation law system equation-driven input stream leads to automated conversion to computational form, with software/hardware resources marshaled on Internet via available Web-based applications, specifically NetSolve and Active-Netlib to manage computational resources in the emerging Grid Computing environment. The PICMSS project addresses the theoretical, algorithmic, and implementation issues necessary for deployment of a unified collaborative computational simulation environment.
Device-Related Thrombosis in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support:

Advanced heart failure therapy has been revolutionized with the advent of continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) which have improved both survival and quality of life. Despite this, support with CF-LVADs is frequently complicated, with 70% of recipients experiencing a major complication in the first year of durable support. The most concerning of these complications to emerge is device-related thrombosis, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology and diagnosis are multifaceted and complex, with pump-specific and patient-specific factors to be considered. Incidence estimates are evolving with increases seen in the past 2 years compared with earlier implant data. Evidence for treatment is limited to case series and reports, which are subject to significant publication bias. Finally, appropriate primary and secondary prophylaxis is imprecise with multiple antiplatelet and antithrombotic strategies described. This review seeks to summarize the current literature surrounding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of thrombosis in CF-LVAD recipients.
Spectroscopic Identification of Surface Intermediates in the Dehydrogenation of Ethylamine on Pt(111)

Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and density functional theory (DFT) have been used to study the surface chemistry and thermal decomposition of ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2) on Pt(111). Ethylamine adsorbs molecularly at 85 K, is stable up to 300 K, and is partially dehydrogenated at 330 K to form aminovinylidene (CCHNH2), a stable surface intermediate that partially desorbs as acetonitrile (CH3CN) at 340–360 K. DFT simulations using various surface models confirm the structure of aminovinylidene. Upon annealing to 420 K, undesorbed aminovinylidene undergoes further dehydrogenation that results in the scission of the remaining C–H bond and the formation of a second surface intermediate called aminoethynyl with the structure CCNH2, bonded to the surface through both C atoms. The assignment of this intermediate species is supported by comparison between experimental and simulated spectra of the isotopically labeled species. Further annealing to temperatures above 500 K...
Testing the Significance of Consumer Complaints

Dr. Namias has recently recommended "a method to detect specific causes of consumer complaints [1]," the basic idea of which has been taken from quality control. It seems, however, that situations exist for which the test proposed is inappropriate. Consider the two following hypothetical cases: First, suppose that a complaint is filed about every unit sold. The method does not indicate any reason for alarm-everything is fine, the producer may rest in complacency. Second, assume that the rate of complaints is 100 percent for all brands of a firm, except one for which not a single complaint has been received. Then (if the numbers of brands and units sold are sufficiently large) the test proposed does work indeed: it yields a warning that the exceptionally good brand is a trouble-maker-its rate of complaints should also be close to 100 percent, and something ought to be done to achieve this! It is not hard to detect the cause of this test's peculiar behavior. The purpose of quality control is to keep the dimensions of any given product as uniform as appears desirable. Correspondingly, the method suggested tests only the uniformity of the rate of complaints for different brands; i.e., it indicates only whether or not there are significantly more or significantly fewer complaints for any particular brand than for the majority of brands produced by the same firm. Is this what the producer actually wishes to know? Not likely; I would rather think that he wishes an acceptably small rate of complaints over a long period of time, and wants to know whether or not the complaints received during a relatively short period indicate that he has achieved this aim. Assuming this, a test is proposed to estimate the "true" rate of complaints from observations, in ?2, and to describe, in ?3, how this estimate is to be applied in practice.
From Censures Official's Poem to Look Poet Song Zhi-wen Spiritual Home

From the poetry of censures,We may see,it has no major problem in the personality of Song Zhi-wen.At most painful time,which supports in the spirit of Song Zhi-wen to have two:1,the achievement to the country the enterprising spirit;2,the immortal Buddha retires.This causes Song to ask at the same time harbors illusions to the royal government,on the other hand in indulges in the enjoyment of nature obtains the painful with in the immortal Buddha 's comfort extricating.But the Buddha old thought displays in his poetry is only an image,but is not one kind of spirit,therefore his poetry displays the aesthetic character is affection.
Peer Production, the Commons, and the Future of the Firm

From free and open source software, through Wikipedia to video journalism, peer production plays a more significant role in the information production environment than was theoretically admissible by any economic model of motivation and organization that prevailed at the turn of the millennium. Its sustained success for a quarter of a century forces us to reevaluate three core assumptions of the standard models of innovation and production. First, it places intrinsic and social motivations, rather than material incentives, at the core of innovation, and hence growth. Second, it challenges the centrality of property, as opposed to the interaction of property and commons, to growth. And third, it questions the continued centrality of firms to the innovation process.
Should Magnetic Resonance Venography be Performed Routinely in all Patients Undergoing Evaluation for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) frequently present to the neuro-ophthalmologist prior to obtaining any neuroimaging studies. Although magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain with and without contrast is the recommend diagnostic imaging modality for IIH, some authors advocate routine inclusion of MR venography (MRV), both to screen for venous sinus thrombosis as well as transverse sinus stenosis. Two experts debate whether MRV should be routinely include in the diagnostic work up of patients with suspected IIH.
Broadening and Balancing the Goals of Medicine: Battling Disease and Treating the Healthy

Boorse provides an elegant statement of medicine’s traditional goals of preventing, treating, and ameliorating the effects of disease. He also presents strong arguments that healthcare providers may ethically treat individuals when there is no disease present or threatened. To encompass such actions, he offers an additional goal of medicine: “(IV) Using biomedical knowledge or technology in the best interests of the patient.” Boorse points out that (IV) threatens to subsume the other goals, since preventing or treating disease is only ethical when aimed at serving the patient’s best interests. In this paper, I argue that (IV) does not subsume the other goals since sometimes healthcare workers battle disease or its effects without “using biomedical knowledge or technology.” For instance, a physician may soothe a patient with compassionate attention or folk therapies. Conceiving (IV) as supplementing the traditional goals of medicine, rather than subsuming them, generates a picture of medicine where confronting disease proactively or reactively remains central, even if additional uses of biomedical knowledge or technology are ethical as well. I describe how Norman Daniels’s account of healthcare justice fleshes out this picture. Finally, I argue that the ability of Boorse’s Biostatistical Theory (BST) to provide useful definitions for stating the goals of medicine and for grounding Daniels’s theory supports the BST’s account of disease and health.
Discovery of cell surface vimentin targeting mAb for direct disruption of GBM tumor initiating cells

// Hyangsoon Noh 1 , Jun Yan 1 , Sungguan Hong 2 , Ling-Yuan Kong 3 , Konrad Gabrusiewicz 3 , Xueqing Xia 1 , Amy B. Heimberger 3 , Shulin Li 1 1 Department of Pediatrics–Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA 3 Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Correspondence to: Shulin Li, email: Sli4@mdanderson.org Amy B. Heimberger, email: aheimber@mdanderson.org Keywords: cell surface vimentin, glioblastoma multiforme, tumor initiating cells, cancer therapeutic target Received: August 04, 2016 Accepted: September 29, 2016 Published: October 04, 2016 ABSTRACT Intracellular vimentin overexpression has been associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, metastasis, invasion, and proliferation, but cell surface vimentin (CSV) is less understood. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether CSV can serve as a therapeutic target in CSV-expressing tumor cells. We found that CSV was present on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer stem cells and that CSV expression was associated with spheroid formation in those cells. A newly developed monoclonal antibody against CSV, 86C, specifically and significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited spheroid formation in GBM cells in vitro . The addition of 86C to GBM cells in vitro also led to rapid internalization of vimentin and decreased GBM cell viability. These findings were associated with an increase in caspase-3 activity, indicating activation of apoptosis. Finally, treatment with 86C inhibited GBM progression in vivo . In conclusion, CSV-expressing GBM cells have properties of tumor initiating cells, and targeting CSV with the monoclonal antibody 86C is a promising approach in the treatment of GBM.
Ist das neunte amerikanische Berufungsgericht liberaler als die anderen Bundesberufungsgerichte

Das amerikanische Bundesberufungsgericht fur den neunten Kreis — zustandig fur Berufungsfalle im Westen der Vereinigten Staaten — wird von konservativen Kritikern haufig als linksgerichtet charakterisiert. Dieses Kapitel untersucht mit Hilfe bayesianischer Modelle richterlichen Verhaltens, ob diese Beschreibung allgemein zutrifft. Im Ergebnis findet sich, dass die Richterinnen und Richter des neunten Kreises im Durchschnitt von liberaleren Prasidenten und Senatoren ernannt worden sind als die Richter(innen) anderer Kreise, ihre Ideologie aber einen geringeren Einfluss auf ihr Entscheidungsverhalten hat als in anderen Kreisen.
“The most patient of animals, next to the ass:” Jan Smuts, Howard University, and African American Leadership, 1930

Former South African Prime Minister Jan Smuts’s 1930 European and North American tour included a series of interactions with diasporic African and African American activists and intelligentsia. Amo...
Heteroatom carboranes of the main group elements

The syntheses, structures, and reactions of carboranes containing one or more skeletal heteroatoms from Groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, or 16 of the Periodic Table are reviewed. These compounds vary widely in composition, size (5 to 13 vertexes), cage geometry, method of synthesis, and properties, but some correlations are noted. The cage-substitution and other reaction chemistry of these clusters, which is relatively unexplored compared with that of their non-heteroatom carborane analogues, is discussed.
TOP2 synergizes with BAF chromatin remodeling for both resolution and formation of facultative heterochromatin

The resolution and formation of facultative heterochromatin are essential for development, reprogramming, and oncogenesis. The mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood owing to the difficulty of studying heterochromatin dynamics and structure in vivo. We devised an in vivo approach to investigate these mechanisms and found that topoisomerase II (TOP2), but not TOP1, synergizes with BAF (mSWI/SNF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes genome-wide to resolve facultative heterochromatin to accessible chromatin independent of transcription. This indicates that changes in DNA topology that take place through (de-)catenation rather than the release of torsional stress through swiveling are necessary for heterochromatin resolution. TOP2 and BAF cooperate to recruit pluripotency factors, which explains some of the instructive roles of BAF complexes. Unexpectedly, we found that TOP2 also plays a role in the re-formation of facultative heterochromatin; this finding suggests that facultative heterochromatin and accessible chromatin exist at different states of catenation or other topologies, which might be critical to their structures.
Innovative tools and new metrics for inclusive green economy

In the backdrop of response policies to operationalize inclusive green economy, this paper reviews the empirical literature on economic effectiveness of ecosystem restorations. First, it suggests that the efficacy of investment on ecosystems natural capital restoration is significant. Second, it discusses a need for better metrics to measure inclusive green economy. Lastly, it suggests the inclusive wealth index (IWI), which captures and values man made capital, human capital and natural capital as the preferred choice. The IWI holds the potential to inform policymakers on investment trade-offs between different life domains and distributional arrangements at the macro level of the economy.
Systematic evaluation of risk factors for acquired heart disease in sarcoma survivors.

127Background: Sarcoma survivors are at high risk for severe heart disease at a young age. The study objective is to evaluate risk factors for cardiac disease in sarcoma survivors receiving more than 300 mg/m2 of Doxorubicin. Left ventricular ejection fraction is a routinely used test but is not predictive. It is imperative to determine which modifiable cardiovascular risk factors increase cardiac risk. Methods: Our unique Sarcoma Survivorship Clinic was established to evaluate high risk sarcoma patients for the long-term and late effects of cancer and its treatment. Each patient regularly electronically completes NIH’s PROMIS questionnaires developed for this clinic. Family medical history is reviewed. Chemotherapy doses are abstracted from original medical records. Data collected includes: blood pressure, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), basic metabolic panel, chemistries, renal and pulmonary function, echocardiography. We will compare standardized cardiac risk assessments wi...