cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Gastrointestinal symptoms are among the most common and the most distressing for patients with cancer. Symptoms may be secondary to inflammatory lesions from the esophagus to the anus and may range from anorexia with nausea and vom­iting to diarrhea, constipation, obstipation, and tenesmus. The broad range of gastrointestinal symptomatology may be a di­rect consequence of the tumor or a secondary effect due to treatment of the tumor. In some instances the gastrointestinal symptoms may be secondary to an unrelated clinical disease such as infection, hepatitis, peptic ulceration, or diverticulitis.
Development and Quality of Life in Cities

Articulating the goals of economic development and defining quality of life has drawn the attention of influential thinkers from Socrates to Sen. Attempts to quantify and compare economies as they pertain to these concepts have largely focused on the macroeconomy. In this study, the Metropolitan Development Index is created to measure development and quality of life in large, urban areas in the United States. The researchers then test the sensitivity of city rankings to the data used in constructing the index. These tests indicate that the index is a substantive conception of development and quality of life. Additionally, the index is positively correlated with both economic prosperity and an individual’s desire to reside in areas that offer higher levels of development and quality of life.
Dental Students’ HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions: Impact of the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration’s Community-Based Dental Partnership Program

Access to oral health care for vulnerable populations is one of the concerns addressed by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration HIV/AIDS Bureau's Community-Based Dental Partnership Program (CBDPP). The program introduces dental students and residents at several dental schools to care for vulnerable patients through didactic and clinical work in community-based dental settings. This study of the dental students and residents in this program answered three questions: 1) What are their HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors? 2) How has participation in the CBDPP impacted their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors? 3) Has the intervention affected their work placement decisions and attitudes after graduation, particularly with respect to treating people living with HIV and other underserved populations? A total of 305 first- through fourth-year dental students and first- and second-year residents at five dental schools across the United States completed surveys before and after a community-based rotation and following graduation. Response rates at each of the five schools ranged from 82.4 to 100 percent. The results showed an increase in the participants' knowledge and positive attitudes regarding treatment for patients with HIV and other vulnerable populations post-rotation compared to pre-rotation. Results after graduation found that most respondents were practicing in private settings or in academic institutions as residents but were willing to treat a diverse patient population. These findings support the role of training programs, such as the CBDPP, for expanding the dental workforce to treating vulnerable populations including people living with HIV/AIDS.
Design, Synthesis and Analysis of a Cysteine-Deleted Analog of the Antimicrobial Peptide Tachyplesin-I

Introduction Tachyplesin I (KWCFRVCYRGICYRRCR-NH2) is a cyclic broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide forming a rigid, antiparallel -sheet structure because of two intramolecular disulfide linkages [1,2]. It is believed to act through a detergent-like mechanism due to amphipathic properties, permeabilizing bacterial membranes. The positive charge of the arginine and lysine residues confer specificity for bacterial membranes, as they are attracted to negatively charged phosphatidyl esters (mammalian membranes contain more positively charged or zwitterionic phospholipids). The hydrophobic part allows for penetration of the lipid membrane, disrupting membrane structure by creating holes and leading to cell death. Bacteria should not develop resistance to drugs that work through this mechanism. To better understand the role of Cys residues in Tachyplesin I and to search for potent analogs having improved antimicrobial activity and lower cytotoxicity, we synthesized an analog of Tachyplesin I, CDT-I, in which all four cysteines were deleted (KWFRVYRGIYRRR-NH2). We investigated the antimicrobial activity of CDT-I, and its ability to permeabilize the outer membrane of Gram-negative and positive bacteria and to interact with model membranes. To obtain information on the lipid specificity, we measured the binding energy and the binding affinity using fluorimetry experiments. CD studies provided information on secondary structure.
Restricting Choices of Childbearing Women

In this month's issue of AJOB, Howard Minkoff and Mary Faith Marshall (2016) argue that we ought to acknowledge the inherent complexity and personal nature of risks involved in childbirth, and thus...
Emerging threats

Information technology evolves. Every year brings new tools, new abilities, and new opportunities. Unfortunately as exciting and promising as these changes are, they bring with them new risks. This presentation considers some of the recent changes in information technology and how they will affect security issues. It will examine changes in technology, attack trends and even the attackers themselves. The presentation is not intended to suggest any specific course of action, but rather to provide an understanding of these issues and motivate additional discussion and interest.
Presence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection in Baby Boomers with Medicare is independently associated with mortality and resource utilisation.

SummaryBackground Hepatitis C virus is common among Baby Boomers (BB). As this cohort ages, they will increasingly become Medicare eligible. Aim To evaluate resource utilisation and mortality of BB-Medicare recipients with HCV. Methods We used in-patient and out-patient Medicare databases (2005–2010). HCV was identified using ICD-9 codes. Outcomes included resource utilisation [payment/case and in-patient length of stay (LOS)] and short-term mortality. Results Of 1 153 862 BB Medicare recipients (2005–2010), 3.2% (N = 37 365) had HCV. During this period, in-patient Medicare-BB (39 793–55 235) and their claims (78 924–106 232) increased. Furthermore, their overall mortality increased from 8.94% to 10.25% (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, HCV [OR = 1.23 (1.16–1.29)], older age [OR = 1.98 (1.82–2.14)], male gender [OR = 1.25 (1.22–1.29)], ESRD [OR = 1.31 (1.26–1.36)], Charlson score [OR = 1.41 (1.40–1.42)] and LOS [OR = 1.02 (1.02–1.02)] predicted mortality. LOS decreased from 12.98 to 11.74 days (P < 0.0001), whereas total payments increased from $22 157 to $23 185 (P < .0001). During the study, the number of out-patient Medicare BB patients (123 097–192 110) and claims (863 978–1 340 260) also increased. Furthermore, overall mortality increased from 3.15% to 3.31% (P = 0.0131). Again, HCV [OR = 1.23 (1.16–1.30)], older age [OR = 2.03 (1.89–2.17)], ESRD [OR = 3.40 (3.28–3.51)], disabled status [OR = 1.49 (1.40–1.58)] and Charlson score [OR = 1.39 (1.38–1.40)] predicted mortality. Annual total out-patient payments increased from $3781 to $4001 (P < 0.0001). HCV [36.04% [34.28–37.82%)], 45–49 age [4.21% (3.14–5.28%)], ESRD [966.31% (954.86–977.88%)], disabled status [43.22% (41.67–44.80%)], Charlson score [46.78% (46.31–47.26%)] and study year [2.72% (2.58–2.85%)] independently predicted increases in payments. Conclusions In Baby Boomer Medicare recipients, diagnosis of HCV is independently associated with higher mortality and resource utilisation.
Vagotonic effects of enkephalin are not mediated by sympatholytic mechanisms.

This study examined the hypothesis that vagotonic and sympatholytic effects of cardiac enkephalins are independently mediated by different receptors. A dose-response was constructed by administering the δ-receptor opioid methionine-enkephalin-arginine-phenylalanine (MEAP) by microdialysis into the interstitium of the canine sinoatrial node during vagal and sympathetic stimulation. The right cardiac sympathetic nerves were stimulated as they exited the stellate ganglion at frequencies selected to increase heart rate approximately 35 bpm. The right cervical vagus was stimulated at frequencies selected to produce a two-step decline in heart rate of 25 and 50 bpm. A six-step dose-response was constructed by recording heart rates during nerve stimulation as the dose of MEAP was increased between 0.05 pmol/min and 1.5 nmol/min. Vagal transmission improved during MEAP at 0.5 pmol/min. However, sympathetically mediated tachycardia was unaltered with any dose of MEAP. In Study 2, a similar dose-response was constr...
The Aster Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in California Rice: Herbicide Treatment Affects Population Density and Induced Infestations Reduce Grain Yield

Macrosteles fascifrons Stal is associated with broadleaf weeds and sedges in California rice fields. Factors that result in a sparse rice plant density or fewer rice tillers allow greater aquatic weed growth. In factorial field experiments, rice plant and rice water weevil densities were manipulated to test the effect of timing of herbicides for controlling broadleaf weeds and sedges on aster leafhopper density. 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid, a phenoxy herbicide, is used extensively on California rice to control broadleaf weeds and sedges. The recommended time of application is 35 to 65 days after seeding. Data suggested that late applications (52 and 58 days after seeding) resulted in movement of M. fascifrons from weeds to rice in plots with a sparse rice plant density. No such movement occurred following an early application 38 days after seeding. Induced infestations of M. fascifrons in small experimental plots significantly reduced rice grain yield—ll.6% in 1980 and 12.2% in 1981—primarily by reducing the number of panicles per plant. Negative evidence is given that carbaryl, which was used to eliminate leafhoppers on control plants, did not directly affect rice grain yield. Nymphs and adults preferred senescent to green rice foliage.
Holding Center: Tanforan Race Track, Spring 1942

Dinner was cold; one boiled potato, a can of Vienna sausage, and rice with cinnamon & sugar.Outside the fence A dog barks in the cricket-filled night.
Erring on the Safe Side: The Cold War and the Politics of Colonialism, 1946–47

Strange climes, alien cultures, the human eddies of withered imperial systems — such was the confusing, colorful backdrop for the unfolding of a cold war triggered by heartland-inspired ambitions, ambivalence and anxieties. Around southern Eurasia, the rimlands curled crescent-like from atoll’s edge to craggy ridges, from the scrub and sand of North Africa to the broadleaf jungles of Southeast Asia. ‘Cargo cults’ had been seeded on Pacific islands: quasi-religious doctrines based on the divinely ordained appearance of food and other provisions attached to parachutes. Decades later, cult enthusiasts would still await the blossoming of new goods from the skies. All along the distant marches of empire, it seemed, black, brown and yellow peoples crouched in anticipation of the dramatic change sure to come on the wings of war. Westerners saw the colonial world alternately glistening in naive beauty, then pulsing with primitive energy alongside atavistic tradition and fatalistic neglect. Such shifting perspectives were common among US intelligence officers who savored their wartime role of gathering background material for the pax americana. The colonial theaters provided compelling, even romantic tales of fading glory, sahibs in decline: from the pampered, servant-ridden OSS quarters in New Delhi, through tense jungle intrigue and tough guerrilla warfare, through new bonds of comradeship between Southeast Asians and Americans, to the tattered, half-pathetic disarray of colonial administrations in such cities as Tripoli, Beirut, Damascus, Hanoi, Saigon and Batavia.
Games in Coalitional Form

In their seminal book, von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944) introduced two theories of games: strategic and coalitional. Strategic game theory concentrates on the selection of strategies by payoff-maximizing players, coalitional game theory concentrates on coalition formation and the distribution of payoffs.
The status of the theory of adaptive systems

Despite the extensive literature on adaptive systems, relatively little progress has been made so far toward the development of a general theory of adaptation. Among the more promising and mathematically concrete approaches to the design of adaptive systems are the dynamic programming formulation due to Bellman and Kalaba, the empirical Bayes and stochastic approximation methods developed by Robbins, and the learning algorithms used in pattern recognition. The advantages and shortcomings of these approaches are pointed out and alternative points of view are briefly analyzed.
Life and death of a T cell.

Thymus-derived lymphocytes or T cells recognize nominal antigens in the context of the products of the self major histocompatibility locus (MHC)--a phenomenon called MHC restriction. In addition, T cells must be self-tolerant to antigens that are endogenous to the organism in order to avoid an autoimmune condition. How the developing T cells acquire these two characteristics is the main theme of my laboratory.
The Sound of the Revolution

In “The Sound of the Revolution,” Hatem N. Akil accounts for scenes and chants at Cairo’s Tahrir Square during the 25 January Egyptian revolution as tools for discovering a mix of technology, language, and rebellion that could be characterized as hybrid, plural, and present. At the center of these states lies the human body as subject to public peril. Akil finds that although a certain hybridity of action and representation was clearly manifested at Tahrir Square, the revolution failed to move towards actualization of plurality and hybridity in its social and ideological space beyond Tahrir Square.
Habitat Selection and Marine Birds

Marine birds are those species that depend on marine environments for all or part of their food (Fisher and Lockley, 1954; Lack, 1967). Lack (1968) numbers over 260 species of seabirds, belonging to four taxonomic orders (Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, Pelecaniformes, Charadriiformes) embracing 13 families, and including several species that breed inland, or near freshwater and that may also feed on terrestrial organisms for part of the year. Additional but primarily freshwater orders and families include grebes, loons, and ducks, that feed on marine organisms, but they will not be considered here.
Quality of information addressing treatment options for women with breast cancer on NCI cancer center websites.

135Background: The internet is increasingly utilized by cancer patients for information that may influence treatment decisions. National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center websites and nationally recognized cancer research agencies are trusted sources of information, however little data exists regarding the quality of information on these sites. We evaluated the quality and accessibility of breast cancer treatment information on cancer center websites addressing therapeutic options. Methods: Websites of all NCI cancer centers, the NCI, and Susan G. Komen were reviewed. Quality was measured using 33 questions from three validated Breast Cancer Decision Quality Instruments (DQI). Two blinded reviewers determined if websites provided information to answer each question. Number of clicks to reach the breast-specific webpage, evaluation time, and Spanish and mobile accessibility were recorded. Kappa coefficient was used to measure inter-observer variability. Correlation between evaluation time and...
Attenuation of Stray Magnetic Field in Inductive Power Transfer by Controlling Phases of Windings’ Currents

Significant stray magnetic field exists around the inductive-power-transfer (IPT) coils owning to the large gap between transmitter and receiver. In this paper, the field is attenuated by controlling the phases of windings’ currents. The relationship between magnetic field and windings’ currents is analyzed according to the diagrams of phasors. The dual-side-controlled converter is used for circuit realization, in which the inverter and rectifier with MOSFETs bridges are implemented on both the transmitter side and receiver side. The pulsewidths of the voltages for the inverter and rectifier control the currents magnitudes, whereas the phases of the voltages control the currents phases. The effectiveness of field attenuation with this method was verified in both simulation and experiment, for the IPT system with series-series compensation. The stray magnetic field was reduced by up to 30% when the phase difference is 50° between transmitter current and receiver current, compared to the conventional case with passive rectifier when the phase difference is 90°. The increase of winding losses is also analyzed.
The Essential Role of Play in School Contexts for the Well-Being of Children.

This article affirms the essential role of play for the well-being of children within the school context. The article explores the definition of play, why play is so important, gives examples of play in schools, and advocates for a child-centered approach to learning. The downside of a curriculum-centered approach is explored as an agent of anti-well-being for children. Standards and standardized tests are toxic to children’s healthy growth and development, crowding out or eliminating play from schools. The article advocates for a place for play in schools in order to promote the well-being of every child.
N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects astrocytes against proteotoxicity without recourse to glutathione

N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) exhibits protective properties in brain injury models and has undergone a number of clinical trials. Most studies of NAC have focused on neurons. However, neuroprotection may be complemented by the protection of astrocytes because healthier astrocytes can better support the viability of neurons. Here, we show that NAC can protect astrocytes against protein misfolding stress (proteotoxicity), the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Although NAC is thought to be a glutathione precursor, NAC protected primary astrocytes from the toxicity of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 without eliciting any increase in glutathione. Furthermore, glutathione depletion failed to attenuate the protective effects of NAC. MG132 elicited a robust increase in the folding chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), and NAC mitigated this effect. Nevertheless, three independent inhibitors of Hsp70 function ablated the protective effects of NAC, suggesting that NAC may help preserve Hsp70 chaperone activity and improve protein quality control without need for Hsp70 induction. Consistent with this view, NAC abolished an increase in ubiquitinated proteins in MG132-treated astrocytes. However, NAC did not affect the loss of proteasome activity in response to MG132, demonstrating that it boosted protein homeostasis and cell viability without directly interfering with the efficacy of this proteasome inhibitor. The thiol-containing molecules l-cysteine and d-cysteine both mimicked the protective effects of NAC, whereas the thiol-lacking molecule N-acetyl-S-methyl-l-cysteine failed to exert protection or blunt the rise in ubiquitinated proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest that the thiol group in NAC is required for its effects on glial viability and protein quality control.
Influence of parameter accuracy on pharmacokinetic analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate.

PURPOSE To explore the effects of noise and error on kinetic analyses of tumor metabolism using hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate. METHODS Numerical simulations were performed to systematically investigate the effects of noise, the number of unknowns, and error in kinetic parameter estimates on kinetic analysis of the apparent rate of chemical conversion from hyperpolarized pyruvate to lactate (kPL ). A pharmacokinetic model with two physical and two chemical pools of hyperpolarized spins was used to generate and analyze the synthetic data. RESULTS The reproducibility of kPL estimates worsened quickly when peak signal-to-noise ratio for hyperpolarized pyruvate was below approximately 20. The accuracy of kPL estimates was most sensitive to errors in high excitation angles, the vascular blood volume fraction (vb ), and the rate of pyruvate extravasation (kve ), and was least sensitive to errors in the T1 of pyruvate. When vb and/or kve were fit as additional unknowns, the accuracy of kPL estimates suffered, and when the vascular input function of pyruvate was also fit, the reproducibility of kPL estimates worsened. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy and precision of kPL estimates improve substantially for peak signal-to-noise ratio above approximately 20. Accurate estimates of perfusion parameters (combinations of vb , kve , and the pyruvate vascular input function) and transmit calibration at high excitation angles have the greatest effect on the accuracy of kinetic analyses. Magn Reson Med 79:3239-3248, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Memory for Textbook Covers: When and Why We Remember a Book by Its Cover.

Summary There is an important distinction between seeing something and paying attention to it, and this can influence memory. The current study examined incidental memory for the covers and authors of textbooks used in undergraduate psychology courses. Students in several courses were asked to recall the textbook cover design (Studies 1 and 2) and the name of the author of their textbook (Study 2). When the cover design was explicitly connected to a course concept, memory accuracy was positively related to performance in the course. While people may judge a book by its cover, remembering that cover may depend on how well it reflects a key concept of the book. The findings provide novel insight regarding how students attend to book covers and author information and when and why some students remember information that is not anticipated to appear on real-world course assessments.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Military Mental Health Disability System

This chapter outlines the disability system for mental health conditions in military service members and veterans. It reviews many aspects of military mental health disability, including an overview of the system—both Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs processes. This chapter also discusses common clinical and occupational psychiatry concerns including overreporting and malingering, minimization and reverse malingering, and qualifying for medical disability without adequate treatment. Factors such as military culture and protocol are addressed, and future directions are proposed.
Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanostructures, Two Dimensional Materials, and Their Composites

The intense and highly tunable optical field enhancement provided by nanomaterials supporting plasmon resonances has diverse applications including biophotonics, terahertz spectroscopy, and subwavelength microscopy. This chapter compares plasmon resonance behavior and tunability in noble metal nanostructures with that of two dimensional and quasi-two dimensional materials including graphene, silicene, germanene, and the transition metal dichalcogenides. Plasmonic optical behavior and related advancements in two-dimensional materials functionalized by metallic nanostructures are discussed. Finally, possibilities for new directions for work on similar composite plasmonic systems are outlined.
COMMUNITY CONCEPTS FOR LIVING IN ARID REGIONS – A SOLAR OASIS

Over the past 25 years, the University of Arizona Environmental Research Laboratory has developed and tested concepts for efficient food, power and water production and conservation techniques. Recently, habitat has been added to this list in an effort to better understand and demonstrate how to improve the quality of life of arid land inhabitants. In order to consolidate these community concepts, an experiment/demonstration facility called the “Solar Oasis” has been constructed at the Environmental Research Laboratory. The components of the solar oasis include energy efficient housing, public space, food production, landscape, water harvesting and power generation. By integrating these components, a selective filter is being developed which mediates between human needs and the harsh desert environment. This model is an important tool for demonstrating the potential integration of these concepts into viable urban or community settings. Through the oasis experiment, approaches to understanding how to adapt current land use practices into a more ecologically appropriate future are discussed.
Consuming Overseas Schooling: An Act of Parental Love?

Thus far, the book has mostly considered the extrinsic factors such as status expression and status claiming that are motivating Nigerian elite parents’ consumption of overseas schooling. The final data chapter explores other equally important motivating factors such as parental love and parental responsibility influencing these parents’ decision to send their primary and/or secondary school-aged children overseas for their education. This is a significant departure from Bourdieu’s broader analysis of social class relation, whereby consumption decisions are often understood as extrinsically motivated. The chapter concludes by arguing that there are multiple interacting and competing reasons for why elite Nigerian parents educate their primary and/or secondary school-aged children overseas.
Xtra focus pinhole IOL (Morchers GMBH) a novel approach to tackle irregular astigmatism and large pupillary defects with a single step surgery.

A 69-year-old patient presented to us with traumatic mydriasis with irregular pupil measuring 7 mm, with superior loss of iris tissue and large inferior peripheral iridotomy and pseudophakia. The patient had history of blunt trauma 3 years ago in a fire cracker injury. He was operated elsewhere primarily after the trauma for cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and had suboptimal visual outcome with glare and photophobia. He presented to us with irregular pupil and inferior iridectomy with pseudophakia. The uncorrected visual acuity was 20/150 improving to 20/50 with glasses. He had a history of cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation done elsewhere several years back. The patient was not a diabetic or hypertensive. There was a para central corneal scar causing irregular corneal astigmatism. Extra focus pinhole IOL was implanted in sulcus having a pinhole aperture 1.36 mm. Preoperative total corneal higher-order aberrations were 3.3 µ and total corneal coma was 0.97 µ. Postoperatively uncorrected distance visual acuity improved to 20/40 intermediate uncorrected visual acuity improved to 20/30 and uncorrected near visual acuity was J3.
Elevated choline kinase α–mediated choline metabolism supports the prolonged survival of TRAF3-deficient B lymphocytes

Specific deletion of the tumor suppressor TRAF3 from B lymphocytes in mice leads to the prolonged survival of mature B cells and expanded B cell compartments in secondary lymphoid organs. In the current study, we investigated the metabolic basis of TRAF3-mediated regulation of B cell survival by employing metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptomic analyses. We compared the polar metabolites, lipids, and metabolic enzymes of resting splenic B cells purified from young adult B cell-specific Traf3 -/- and littermate control mice. We found that multiple metabolites, lipids, and enzymes regulated by TRAF3 in B cells are clustered in the choline metabolic pathway. Using stable isotope labeling, we demonstrated that phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was markedly elevated in Traf3 -/- mouse B cells and decreased in TRAF3-reconstituted human multiple myeloma cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of choline kinase α, an enzyme that catalyzes phosphocholine synthesis and was strikingly increased in Traf3 -/- B cells, substantially reversed the survival phenotype of Traf3 -/- B cells both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that enhanced phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine synthesis supports the prolonged survival of Traf3 -/- B lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that TRAF3-regulated choline metabolism has diagnostic and therapeutic value for B cell malignancies with TRAF3 deletions or relevant mutations.
One- and two-photon electron-transfer induced uncaging of coumarin from cinnamate-capped CdSe quantum dots

Abstract It has been previously shown that visible-light excitation of CdSe quantum dots (QD) functionalized with a cinnamate ligand (4-Diethylamino-2-hydroxythiocinnamate; 4DEATC) can induce uncaging of a fluorescent coumarin molecule (7-Diethylaminocoumarin; 7DEAC). In the current study, the quantum yield, QY, for this photochemical uncaging process is determined. In addition, the results of visible-light excitation of cinnamate-capped CdSe and cinnamate-capped CdSe/ZnS QDs are compared. The uncaging of coumarin is observed only for the functionalized core CdSe QDs, and not for CdSe/ZnS core-shell QDs. These results strongly support that the uncaging of coumarin from cinnamate-capped QDs occurs via an electron-transfer step from the QD to the cinnamate ligand, and the large band gap of the ZnS shell blocks electron transfer from CdSe core to the ligand. In addition, it is demonstrated that coumarin uncaging from cinnamate-capped CdSe can be induced using pulsed NIR (1064 nm) excitation of the QD via a two-photon process. The two-photon absorbance cross section and two-photon absorbance action cross section are estimated by combining the results of the one- and two-photon uncaging experiments.
IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATIONS USING REAL-TIME INFORMATION: POTENTIAL USES AND ASSIGNMENT STRATEGIES

Advances in communication, automatic vehicle location, and geographic information system technologies have made available several types of real-time information with benefits for commercial vehicle operations. Continuous updates on vehicle locations and demands create considerable potential for developing automated, real-time dispatching systems. The potential benefits of a diversion strategy in response to real-time information are explored under idealized conditions, and the technologies that are available for use in commercial vehicle operations and selected results derived from simulation are described. The results illustrate potential savings from simple diversion strategies under real-time information and highlight the need for methodological development to support improved truckload carrier operations decisions.
Memory Scaling of Cloud-based Big Data Systems: A Hybrid Approach

When deploying memory-intensive applications to public clouds, one important yet challenging question to answer is how to select a specific instance type whose memory capacity is large enough to prevent out-of-memory errors while the cost is minimized without violating performance requirements. The state-of-the-practice solution is trial and error, causing both performance overhead and additional monetary cost. This paper investigates two memory scaling mechanisms in public clouds: physical memory (good performance and high cost) and virtual memory (degraded performance and no additional cost). In order to analyze the trade-off between performance and cost of the two scaling options, a performance-cost model is developed that is driven by a lightweight analytic prediction approach through a compact representation of the memory footprint. In addition, for those scenarios when the footprint is unavailable, a meta-model-based prediction method is proposed using just-in-time migration mechanisms. The proposed techniques have been extensively evaluated with various benchmarks and real-world applications on Amazon Web Services: the performance-cost model is highly accurate and the proposed just-in-time migration approach reduces the monetary cost by up to 66\%.
Relief of Sitting Pain by Resecting Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, and Elucidation of Its Anatomical Branching Pattern.

Background Injury to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) produces sitting pain in the buttock, posterior thigh, and/or the ischial tuberosity. The anatomy of the PFCN has not been well described, and just one small cohort of patients has been reported to have resection of the PFCN. Methods Retrospective review of all patients undergoing resection of the PFCN for sitting pain by the senior author between 2012 and 2019 was performed. Evaluation was done by chart review, intraoperative description of the anatomy of the PFCN, and the outcome of resection of the PFCN with implantation of the proximal nerve into the gluteus muscle. Outcome was determined by direct patient examination, email reports, and telephonic interview. Results Fifty-two patients were included in this study, of which nine were bilateral operative procedures. Thirty-four patients had sufficient follow-up data at a mean of 23 months (3–85 months, range). MRI evidence of hamstring injury was present in 50% of the patients. The classic PFCN anatomy was present in 44% of limbs with the other 56% having a high division permitting branches to the lateral buttock and posterior thigh to be preserved. In patients with bilateral anatomy observations, symmetry was present in 67%. An excellent result (absence of sitting pain, normal activities of daily living [ADL]) was obtained in 53%, a good result (some residual sitting pain with some reduction in ADL), was obtained in 26% and no improvement was observed in 21% of patients. Conclusion Sitting pain due to injury to the PFCN can be relieved by the resection of the PFCN with implantation of the proximal end into muscle. Presence of an anatomical variation, a high division of the PFCN, can permit preservation of sensation in the lateral buttock and posterior thigh in the patient whose symptoms involve just the perineum and ischial tuberosity.
Beyond Gun Control: Mapping Gun Violence Prevention Logics:

Most research portrays the gun violence prevention (GVP) movement as predominantly white, dominated by national Washington DC-based policy organizations and recently by white middle-class women see...
Coronavirus Disease Update on Epidemiology, Virology, and Prevention

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as the first coronavirus-initiated pandemic. COVID-19's fast-paced global spread with a broad range of clinical manifestations compelled health regulatory organizations, public health professionals, and researchers to update their information about the disease and provide individual- and community-based guidelines, solutions, and regulations to break the disease cycle, mitigate person-to-person transmission, and reduce cross-contamination in healthcare settings. In this review, the authors provide known facts and updated information about SARS-CoV-2 virology and its new variants, transmission routes, reported clinical symptoms, epidemiology, and infection control and prevention guidelines with a focus on a hierarchy of controls in dental settings.
Developing new faculty voice and agency through trustful, overlapping, faculty-faculty and student-faculty conversations

Faculty-faculty conversations and student-faculty conversations typically unfold as separate forms of faculty learning. We present an approach to new faculty development through which faculty-facul...
Predictors of rheumatic immune-related adverse events and de novo inflammatory arthritis after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for cancer

Objective To identify predictors of rheumatic immune-related adverse events (rheum-irAEs) after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment for cancer. Methods We performed a case-control study to predict rheum-irAEs at Mass General Brigham and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (2011-2020). We screened for rheum-irAEs by reviewing patients evaluated by rheumatology or prescribed non-glucocorticoid immunomodulators (IM) after ICI (baseline). Medical review confirmed the presence of rheum-irAEs and indication for IM. Controls lacked rheum-irAEs (had no glucocorticoid use, rheumatology evaluation, IM use, and survived 6 months after baseline). We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of the baseline predictors of rheum-irAEs. Results We identified 8,028 ICI recipients (mean age 65.5 years, 43.1% female, and 31.8% with lung cancer). After ICI, 404 (5.0%) were evaluated by rheumatology and 475 (5.9%) received an IM to treat any irAE. There were 226 (2.8%) confirmed rheum-irAE cases and 118 (1.5%) had de novo inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatic diseases (either pre-existing or rheum-irAEs) were a leading indication for IM use (27.9%). Baseline predictors of rheum-irAEs included melanoma (multivariable OR 4.06, 2.54-6.51) and genitourinary cancer (OR 2.22, 1.39-3.54; ref=lung cancer), combination ICI (OR 2.35, 1.48-3.74; ref=PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy), autoimmune disease (OR 2.04, 1.45-2.85), and recent glucocorticoid use (OR 2.13, 1.51-2.98; ref=no use) compared to 2,312 controls without rheum-irAEs. Predictors of de novo inflammatory arthritis were similar. Conclusion We identified novel predictors of rheum-irAEs that included melanoma, genitourinary cancer, pre-existing autoimmune disease, combination ICI, and glucocorticoid use. The proportion of cancer patients experiencing rheum-irAEs may be even higher than we report since we used stringent criteria to identify cases. These findings may identify cancer patients at risk of developing rheum-irAEs and de novo inflammatory arthritis and inform pathogenesis.
Recent Observational and Modeling Advances in Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission Investigations During Ionospheric Heating Experiments

Stimulated Electromagnetic Emissions (SEE) result from heating the ionosphere using ground-based high power, high frequency (HF) radio waves. SEE is secondary electromagnetic radiation resulting from nonlinear plasma processes in the heated ionospheric volume. A plethora of nonlinear plasma processes occur during ionsopheric heating experiments but SEE is primarily due to parametric instabilities resulting from sufficiently high transmit power with typical transmit effective radiated power (ERP) of several 100 MW up to 1 GW. SEE has been a vibrant area of scientific investigation for the past 40 years due to diagnostic and remote sensing possibilities. The SEE frequency spectrum has been developed into a powerful diagnostic for characterizing the ionospheric composition for aeronomy investigations as well as ionospheric plasma turbulence, evolution of nonlinear plasma processes, and characterization of HF radio wave propagation in the modified ionosphere. SEE typically occurs within a bandwidth of 100 kHz of the transmit (or pump) frequency (5 MHz or so). In recent years, such SEE has been termed wideband SEE (WSEE). However, the last decade has seen concentration of investigations of so-called narrowband SEE (NSEE) that occurs within 1 kHz of the pump frequency. It can be shown that many of the processes associated with NSEE can be linked to similar processes in laser plasma interactions (LPI) such as Stimulated Brillouin Scatter (SBS). Therefore, there is great promise of leveraging past observational, theoretical, and modeling work in the LPI community to develop NSEE into a powerful ionospheric diagnostic.
Belief in God

The subject of this chapter is belief in God. In its religiously important sense belief in God, in contrast to creedal belief, is not itself propositional (even though it implies certain propositional beliefs). It is seen how many religious thinkers have emphasized the difference between a bare belief that God exists and belief in God. Belief in God in its religiously important sense is an affective belief, the core of which is trust in God. As such it creates a God-relationship for believers that is defined by trust in God. In its affective sense “belief in God,” it is observed, is synonymous with “faith in God.” The chapter includes a discussion of Martin Buber’s distinction between two types of faith, pistis and emunah.
Online frequency-based performance and power estimation for clustered multi-processor systems

Abstract Modern Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs) are required to be increasingly power efficient while also offering higher performance and lower costs. A combination of Dynamic Voltage–Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and sophisticated resource-aware scheduling is needed to address the underlying problem of maximizing performance-per-Watt of CMP architectures. In this paper, we propose a methodology to predict the power consumption and performance for groups of concurrently executing applications at all available frequencies of a CMP. The methodology uses a combination of hardware-based application profiling, contention-aware scheduling, and artificial neural networks. Experimental results on an Odroid-XU3 board demonstrate an increase in average performance per Watt of 30.5% (A15 cluster) and 11.4% (A7 cluster) over Linux’s Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) and power governors. In addition, our methodology outperforms three state-of-the-art resource managers, yielding the highest performance per Watt in all evaluated use cases.
SMAD2 and SMAD3 differentially regulate adiposity and the growth of subcutaneous white adipose tissue

Adipose tissue is the primary site of energy storage, playing important roles in health. While adipose research largely focuses on obesity, fat also has other critical functions, producing adipocytokines and contributing to normal nutrient metabolism, which in turn play important roles in satiety and total energy homeostasis. SMAD2/3 proteins are downstream mediators of activin signaling, which regulate critical preadipocyte and mature adipocyte functions. Smad2 global knockout mice exhibit embryonic lethality, whereas global loss of Smad3 protects mice against diet-induced obesity. The direct contributions of Smad2 and Smad3 in adipose tissues, however, are unknown. Here, we sought to determine the primary effects of adipocyte-selective reduction of Smad2 or Smad3 on diet-induced adiposity using Smad2 or Smad3 "floxed" mice intercrossed with Adiponectin-Cre mice. Additionally, we examined visceral and subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation efficiency in vitro. Almost all wild type subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiated into mature adipocytes. In contrast, visceral preadipocytes differentiated poorly. Exogenous activin A suppressed differentiation of preadipocytes from both depots. Smad2 conditional knockout (Smad2cKO) mice did not exhibit significant effects on weight gain, irrespective of diet, whereas Smad3 conditional knockout (Smad3cKO) male mice displayed a trend of reduced body weight on high-fat diet. On both diets, Smad3cKO mice displayed an adipose depot-selective phenotype, with a significant reduction in subcutaneous fat mass but not visceral fat mass. Our data suggest that Smad3 is an important contributor to the maintenance of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in a sex-selective fashion. These findings have implications for understanding SMAD-mediated, depot selective regulation of adipocyte growth and differentiation.
Assessing occupational therapy students' clinical competence for entry-level work-related practice.

BACKGROUND The purpose of occupational therapy (OT) educational programs is to graduate effective clinicians who join the job market with competencies consistent with the expected entry-level practice. To attain an effective process of clinical competence development, OT educational programs design competence-based curricula to instill pre-licensure readiness in their graduating students for entry-level work-related practice. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to perform a retrospective outcome competence assessment for evaluating OT students participating in the first three consecutive offerings of a graduate seminar intended to assess and increase pre-licensure skills and knowledge required for entry-level evidence-based work-related practice. The assessment examined differences in post vs. pre-seminar National Board Certificate Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) practice test score caused by (a) main time of test-taking effect; (b) main class effect; and (c) tine and class interaction effect. PARTICIPANTS 62 students. METHODS A total of 62 students who graduated from the program during the three academic years 2008, 2009 and 2010 participated in the study. RESULTS Post vs. pre-seminar NBCOT practice test score was significantly higher across the three-year period and increased significantly in each of the three classes. Interaction effect did not alter the pattern of post vs. pre-seminar score increase in each class. CONCLUSIONS The significant time and class main effects validated the effectiveness of the seminars in increasing post vs. pre-seminar practice test score in each of the three classes. The significant time x class interaction effect validated the pattern of post vs. pre-seminar score increase regardless of the class sequence.
Measurements of Some Gamma-Ray Relative Intensities and Internal Conversion Coefficients Using a Bent-Crystal Monochromator.

The X-ray and gamma-ray relative intensities were measured, from the decay of and Sm^^^ with a bent-crystal monochromator and a linear least-squares computer program. The K-shell internal conversion coefficients were determined for the E2 transitions in and Er . The K-shell conversion coefficient, for the 84.3-keV transition in Yb^^^ was determined to be 1.43±0.04 while the K-shell internal conver­ sion coefficient for the 80.6-keV transition in Er was determined to be 4* + 1.72±0.06. The results for these 2 -K) transitions are five percent higher than the theoretical values for these transitions. From the relative inten180 sities of the transitions in Hf it was possible to deduce a value for the 93 total internal conversion coefficient for the 93.3-keV transition of cy = 4.91±0.23. Using the previous measurements of conversion electron intensi­ ties of Edwards and Boehm and the present measured gamma-ray relative inten­ sities, internal conversion coefficients for all the other transitions were obtained. The present measurements of for the 215.3-, 332.5and 443.8keV E2 transitions are 11 percent lower than the theoretical values, while for the 93.3-keV E2 transition agrees closely with the theoretical value. These results are in close agreement with the previous measurements of Edwards and Boehm. The present valjie_for_a|^ for the 501-keV transition agrees closely with the theoretical for an E3 multipolarity. From the 1 CC X-ray and gamma-ray relative intensities of the transitions in Gd and the previous measurement of the ratio of K conversion electrons for the 86and 105-keV transitions of Subba Rao, it was possible to determine the K
Teaching Theory is a Tough Sell, But Hands-On Data Exercised Can Help: An Example from Economic Growth

How to teach technical material to undergraduate students with a limited mathematical background is a recurring concern for many teachers in subjects such as economics. One method that has proven successful for the current authors is to connect theoretically sophisticated material with actual data. This enables students to see how the theory relates to the real world, allowing for a deeper understanding of both. This paper develops a simple and insightful empirical application of the Solow growth model that can be used in an undergraduate macroeconomics or growth course. The exercise uses a dataset on perceptions of corruption levels by country to look at the relationship between corruption and the level and rate of growth of output per worker across 70 countries. The results allow students to see for themselves the impact that corruption has on actual countries while also improving their understanding of the distinction between level effects and long run growth effects.