cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectrum warping: a new framework for working with texture

The frequency spectra are concise, but complete descriptors of image texture. The peaks in the spectrum, or equivalently, the dominant poles in an autoregressive model represent the granularity and orientation of the texture -- two of its most salient visual characteristics. In this paper, a Gaussian model is developed for the peaks of the frequency spectra, and simple warping functions are defined on these peaks, to formulate a diverse and powerful set of operators, e.g. shape from texture, planar texture rendering using perspective projection, frontalization, shift and scaling of texture. Our approach to shape from texture converts perspective distortion of texture into a range image by warping the spectrum, and our planar rendering technique warps the spectrum to simulate the perspective effect. Thus, our unified texture model gives rise to real-time algorithms for computer vision, graphics and multi-media, which are direct, and are based on local modeling rather than global optimization.
Mechanisms of creatine kinase release from isolated rat skeletal muscles damaged by propylene glycol and ethanol

The organic cosolvents propylene glycol and ethanol are found to cause skeletal muscle damage and creatine kinase release following intramuscular injection. The mechanisms of this organic cosolvent-induced enzyme release have not been elucidated. Cosolvent-induced creatine kinase release was enhanced by the addition of calcium to the incubation medium, and inhibited, albeit modestly, by dibucaine, a nonspecific phospholipase A2 inhibitor. The temporal pattern of creatine kinase release further suggested that cosolvent-induced enzyme release from skeletal muscles may be caused by an intracellular mechanism rather than by a direct solubilization of sarcolemma. This intracellular mechanism may involve the mobilization of calcium.
Infrared Multiplets and the Solar Spectrum

The identification of solar lines in the photographic infrared region is discussed. Sample multiplets of C i, N i, O i, Na i, Al i, Si i, Ti i, and Fe i are listed to illustrate the consistency of term intervals within multiplets, when solar wave numbers are substituted for laboratory values. These data furnish an excellent criterion of both the precision of the solar data and the correctness of the assigned identifications. Solar lines produced by more than one contributor, i.e., blends, can be detected by irregularities in the solar term intervals within multiplets.
Effects of CaSO4 and NaCl on growth and nitrogen fixation ofLeucaena leucocephala

Effects and interactions of varying CaSO4 and NaCl levels on growth and nitrogen fixation ofLeucaena leucocephala K8 were examined. Leucaena was grown in nutrient solution at four levels of CaSO4 (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mM) and NaCl (1, 25, 50 and 100 mM) in randomized blocks with five replications. While NaCl significantly reduced plant growth, additions of CaSO4 increased plant height, leaf number, and biomass of salt treated plants. For the nonsaline treatments, high CaSO4 levels slightly depressed growth, which contradicts suggestions that Leucaena has a high calcium requirement. A significant calcium/sodium interaction was not seen for nodule number or weight. Nodule number was significantly depressed by 100 mM NaCl and nodule weight of the salt stressed plants significantly increased as CaSO4 concentration increased from 0.5 to 2.5 mM. Effects of NaCl and CaSO4 on nitrogen content of plant parts were inconclusive. The promotion of Leucaena salinity tolerance by addition of CaSO4 may be attributed to the effect of calcium in maintaing the selective permeability of membranes.
Internal Wavelength Locking of Broad Stripe Grating-Coupled Semiconductor Lasers

This paper investigates wavelength locking of broad stripe grating coupled surface emitting lasers. This approach introduces an innovative TIR-type Littrow grating for locking with comparisons it to a conventional DBR.
A neutrino-dominated universe

Relic neutrinos produced during the early evolution of the universe will be abundant today (n v ≈nγ) and, if they have a small mass (3 3 eV are heavy enough to collapse into clusters of galaxies; form v < 10 eV they are too light to collapse along with binaries and small groups. Such neutrinos would supply the dominant contribution to the mass in the universe.
International cooperation in the war on drugs: Mexico and the United States

Both Mexico and the United States, which share a long and porous border, have declared international narcotics trafficking a national security problem. Nevertheless, operational cooperation in dealing with this common problem has been lacking. We argue that difficulties in trans‐national cooperation are caused, in the main, by conflicting evaluations of the causes and impacts of the drug problem, competing nationalisms in the U.S. and Mexico, and perceptual imagery.
Comparison of the ontogenesis of thyroid hormones, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I in ad libitum and food-restricted (altricial) European starlings and (precocial) Japanese quail.

In this study, we compare the ontogenic patterns for thyroid hormones, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in altricial European starlings and precocial Japanese quail and examine the effects of feed restriction on these species. The most marked difference in development between the altricial and precocial birds was with respect to plasma thyroid hormone patterns. In the starling, circulating concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were very low in embryos, then increased progressively after hatching to peak at 10–11 days of age. In contrast, in quail, in which other studies have shown that most thyroid maturation occurs during the embryonic and perihatch periods, the circulating concentrations of T3and T4showed little posthatch ontogenic change. Plasma concentrations of both GH and IGF-I showed similar patterns in both species with a posthatch rise (peak at 3 days in starlings and 8 days in quail), followed by a decline. Food restriction to maintain body weight resulted in decreased plasma concentrations of T3and IGF-I in both species. After return toad libitumfeeding, plasma T3and IGF-I increased in bothearlyandlaterestricted starlings and inlaterestricted quail. Although both species responded to food restriction with similar patterns of endocrine change, age-related differences in the magnitude of hormonal responses were observed.
The introduction of dislocations and slip bands in molybdenum single crystals

The characteristics of selectively introduced slip bands and individual dislocations were investigated. It was found that slip bands produced by indenting the (112) surface had three types of Burgers vectors concentrated at the two edges of the slip band while the middle of the slip band consisted of primarily the ± ½ [111] Burger's vector. Scratching the specimen with a needle almost parallel to the (112) surface in the [111] direction produced individual screw dislocations near the scratch mark. Similar scratches normal to the [111] direction produced fine slip bands with a ± 1/2 [111] Burgers vector.
In Skinner's wake: Behaviorism, poststructuralism, and the ironies of intellectual discourse

Abstract Acknowledging the significant differences between radical behaviorism, as practiced by B. F. Skinner, and poststructuralism, as practiced by such thinkers as Barthes, Derrida, and Foucault, it would also appear that there is much that unites them, particularly in regard to their mutual disaffection with humanism. The question therefore arises: Why has Skinner's brand of anti-humanism often been seen as crudely retrogressive while the poststructuralists' has often been seen as daringly innovative? In addition to outlining some important points of common ground between radical behaviorism and poststructuralism, an attempt is made to suggest why, despite this common ground, these two bodies of thought have met with such disparate receptions from the intellectual community.
Psoriasis presenting as cutaneous horns

A 49-year-old woman with psoriasis developed multiple cutaneous horns on her lower extremities after becoming profoundly hypothyroid, These growths regressed after the patient became euthyroid. True cutaneous horns and the relationship between psoriasic horns and myxedema are discussed.
A clinically applicable reporting system for the diagnosis of facial fractures

A clinically applicable, comprehensive reporting system for the diagnosis of facial fractures was developed with three guiding principles: (1) preservation of classical anatomical terminology and nomenclature, (2) facilitation of uniform interpretation of radiographs between radiologists and (3) non-redundant diagnostic descriptions of complex fractures, in a manner that correlates with treatment modality. Twenty-two fracture types (17 simple fracture types and 5 complex fracture types) are included in the system. Each patient's fracture pattern is described by listing the component fractures present. A short narrative (modifying description) is provided after each fracture listed. Simple fractures that help to comprise more complex fractures are not listed separately, but are described within the modifying description of the complex fracture they help to comprise. When components of multiple complex fractures are present, a hierarchy of complex fractures dictates which fracture is described first. Additional complex fractures are only described separately when they do not share common components. In all other cases, the second (lower order) complex fracture is best described by simply listing the component (simple or complex) fractures that are not accounted for in the higher order complex fracture. Adoption of this reporting system should improve communication between emergency medicine physicians, radiologists and surgeons.
The resonance Raman excitation profile of fucoxanthin

Abstract The resonance Raman excitation profiles (RREPs) of the ν1 and ν2 vibrations of fucoxanthin in acetone and toluene solvents have been studied. Fucoxanthin, which is a predominant pigment in marine seaweed and phytoplankton, has several structural differences from carotenoids for which excitation profiles have been determined. The RREPs for fucoxanthin are interpreted in terms of a two-mode model and show a B2 value which is approximately 20% lower than for carotenoids like β-carotene and lutein which occur in higher plants. Excellent fits between experimental data and the theoretical model were observed in both solvents.
Climate, duration, and mineralogy controls on meteoric diagenesis, La Molata, southeast Spain

AbstractWe isolated the impact of climate, duration, and mineralogy on porosity enhancement and cementation associated with seven surfaces of subaerial exposure in Miocene carbonate strata of southeast Spain. We integrated new and published petrographic and geochemical studies on the same strata to quantify the approximate impact of each event of subaerial exposure. The results quantified that only minor dissolution and/or cementation occurred when subaerial exposure was short-lived (<533 thousand years) and in an arid climate, or when carbonate sediments were composed primarily of calcite. For such exposure surfaces, alteration was confined to the uppermost 0.5–2 m with 2%–5% porosity from dissolution and 3% cementation. After deposition of the last Miocene carbonate sequence, dolomitization and dissolution occurred during the initial stages of sea-level fall, associated with mixing during influx of meteoric water. This resulted in dissolution to create 10%–20% porosity over 83% of the platform system, ...
Endovascular Management of Visceral Artery Aneurysm

Purpose:To retrospectively review our experience with visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) treated with percutaneous coil embolization techniques.Methods:Patient records were retrospectively reviewed b...
TamperProof: a server-agnostic defense for parameter tampering attacks on web applications

Parameter tampering attacks are dangerous to a web application whose server performs weaker data sanitization than its client. This paper presents TamperProof, a methodology and tool that offers a novel and efficient mechanism to protect Web applications from parameter tampering attacks. TamperProof is an online defense deployed in a trusted environment between the client and server and requires no access to, or knowledge of, the server side codebase, making it effective for both new and legacy applications. The paper reports on experiments that demonstrate TamperProof's power in efficiently preventing all known parameter tampering vulnerabilities on ten different applications.
The Presence of Achromobacter Nematophilus in the Infective Stage of a Neoaplectana Sp. (Steinernematidae: Nematoda)

Most infective juveniles of DD-136 (Neoaplectana, Steinernematidae) were found to contain cells of Achromobacter nematophilus Poinar & Thomas in the ventricular portion of their intestinal lumen. In two instances, anterior intestinal cells of the infective juveniles were found to contain bacterial cells, presumably those of A. nematophilus. When the infective stage penetrated into the body cavity of a suitable host, the bacteria were released through the anus and multiplied rapidly in the host's body, resulting in a fatal septicemia.
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: bayes clears the haze.

In their well-done meta-analysis, Nishimura and colleagues confirm that autoantibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) are more specific than rheumatoid factor for diagnosis of rheumatoi...
Isolation and Microbial Reduction of Fe(III) Phyllosilicates from Subsurface Sediments

Fe(III)-bearing phyllosilicates can be important sources of Fe(III) for dissimilatory microbial iron reduction in clay-rich anoxic soils and sediments. The goal of this research was to isolate Fe(III) phyllosilicate phases, and if possible, Fe(III) oxide phases, from a weathered shale saprolite sediment in order to permit experimentation with each phase in isolation. Physical partitioning by density gradient centrifugation did not separate phyllosilicate and Fe(III) oxide phases (primarily nanoparticulate goethite). Hence we examined the ability of chemical extraction methods to remove Fe(III) oxides without significantly altering the properties of the phyllosilicates. XRD analysis showed that extraction with acid ammonium oxalate (AAO) or AAO in the presence of added Fe(II) altered the structure of Fe-bearing phyllosilicates in the saprolite. In contrast, citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB) extraction at room temperature or 80 °C led to minimal alteration of phyllosilicate structures. Reoxidation of CDB-extracted sediment with H(2)O(2) restored phyllosilicate mineral d-spacing and Fe redox speciation to conditions similar to that in the pristine sediment. The extent of microbial (Geobacter sulfurreducens) reduction of Fe(III) phyllosilicates isolated by CDB extraction and H(2)O(2) reoxidation (16 ± 3% reduction) was comparable to what took place in pristine sediments as determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy (20 ± 11% reduction). These results suggest that materials isolated by CDB extraction and H(2)O(2) reoxidation are appropriate targets for detailed studies of natural soil/sediment Fe(III) phyllosilicate reduction.
Time dependent effects of double cuing in directed forgetting

Previous research in directed forgetting in pigeons has focused on the effect of single forget cues (F-cues) interpolated within the retention interval in delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS). The present series of experiments focuses on the ability of a remember cue (R-cue) to cancel the effects of a previously presented forget cue both when the forget cue occurs within the retention interval and when the forget cue precedes sample presentation. In the first experiment, an R-cue decreased the effect of an F-cue within the same retention interval in successive DMTS if the R-cue immediately followed the F-cue, but not if the second cue was delayed until the end of the retention interval. In Experiment 2, the double-cue effect was extended to choice DMTS. In addition, when a novel stimulus replaced the R-cue in the double-cue probe trials, matching performance was not restored, indicating that through its conditioning history the R-cue had gained control over memory processes in a direction opposite to that of the F-cue. Experiment 3 presents evidence that presample R- and F-cues can also effectively gain control over matching performance. Matching to R-cued samples was superior to matching to F-cued samples. When F-cued samples were followed immediately by R-cues, matching performance was not restored to R-cue levels, suggesting differential encoding of the R-cued and F-cued samples.
Iterative algorithm for identification of third order Volterra systems

An iterative procedure for the identification of third-order finite-memory time-invariant Volterra nonlinear systems is presented. The data formulation is similar to the covariance method used in linear signal modeling problems, and the resulting correlation matrix is a block matrix with a mix of higher-order auto- and cross-correlation elements. The procedure takes advantage of the block structure of the correlation matrix to achieve computational reduction. The method is suitable for short data record lengths. Simulation results are presented to exhibit the iteration convergence performance of the proposed algorithm. >
Can absolute oral bioavailability in humans be predicted from animals? A comparison of allometry and different indirect methods.

The objective of this study was to predict absolute bioavailability in humans from animal data using interspecies scaling as well as indirect approaches. Five different methods were used to predict absolute bioavailability in humans: (i) absolute bioavailability vs body weight (allometric approach); (ii) F = CL(IV)/CL(oral); (iii) F = 1-[CL(IV)/Q]; (iv) F = 1-[CL(oral)/Q]; and (v) F = Q/[Q + CL(oral)]. Methods II-V are indirect approaches, where predicted i.v. or oral clearance and hepatic blood flow (Q) (1500 ml/min) were used to predict absolute bioavailability in humans. Fifteen drugs were tested and the results of this study indicate that all five approaches predict absolute bioavailability with different degrees of accuracy, and are therefore unreliable for the accurate prediction of absolute bioavailability in humans from animal data. In conclusion, although the above-mentioned approaches do not accurately predict absolute bioavailability, a rough estimate of absolute bioavailability is possible using these approaches.
Bactericidal properties of quaternary ammonium compounds in dispersed systems

Alkyltrimethylammonium bromides of selected chain length were synthesized and characterized with respect to their bactericidal properties. A partitioning method was developed, and the aqueous phases of the partitioned systems were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The relationships between the quaternary ammonium compound chain length and the aliphatic alcohol chain length were determined. The effect of selected hydrocarbons on the bactericidal effectiveness of the systems was studied. Cream systems corresponding to the partitioned systems were prepared and evaluated against S. aureus. The relationship between the aqueous phase concentration of the bactericidal agent was studied, and a correlation was shown between the bactericidal activity of the partitioned systems and cream systems.
Person-Environment Fit and its Limits: Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Emotional Reactivity to Interpersonal Conflict

A naturalistic diary study was conducted to investigate the degree to which agreeableness and neuroticism moderate emotional reactions to conflict and nonconflict problems. Healthy community-residing males made diary recordings at the end of each of 8 successive days concerning problem occurrence and daily mood. Consistent with predictions based on person-environment fit, participants who scored higher in agreeableness experienced more subjective distress when they encountered more interpersonal conflicts than did their less agreeable counterparts. Neuroticism was related to a small but consistent reactivity to both conflict and nonconflict problems, contrary to person-environment fit. Reasons for the differences in the affective dynamics of agreeableness and neuroticism are discussed.
Becoming Culturally Competent: Mindful Engagement with American Indian Clients

Social workers are often sensitive to American Indian cultural norms with the intention of teaching and providing services in the best interest of the client. However, developing cultural competency may best be learned by practicing mindfulness. Mindfulness can be viewed as intentionally being present on purpose without judgment. Living in the present moment is inherent in American Indian culture. When social workers are mindful they are able to empathically acknowledge, intentionally pay attention, and accept without judgment their experiences. Responding versus reacting to one's experience helps facilitate setting the stage for effective change and transformation. This article offers a framework for developing a mindfulness practice to enhance cultural competence with American Indian clients.
Application-controlled demand paging for out-of-core visualization

In the area of scientific visualization, input data sets are often very large. In visualization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in particular, input data sets today can surpass 100 Gbytes, and are expected to scale with the ability of supercomputers to generate them. Some visualization tools already partition large data sets into segments, and load appropriate segments as they are needed. However, this does not remove the problem for two reasons: 1) there are data sets for which even the individual segments are too large for the largest graphics workstations, 2) many practitioners do not have access to workstations with the memory capacity required to load even a segment, especially since the state-of-the-art visualization tools tend to be developed by researchers with much more powerful machines. When the size of the data that must be accessed is larger than the size of memory, some form of virtual memory is simply required. This may be by segmentation, paging, or by paged segments. The authors demonstrate that complete reliance on operating system virtual memory for out-of-core visualization leads to egregious performance. They then describe a paged segment system that they have implemented, and explore the principles of memory management that can be employed by the application for out-of-core visualization. They show that application control over some of these can significantly improve performance. They show that sparse traversal can be exploited by loading only those data actually required.
Asymptotic Distributions of Some Scale Estimators in Nonlinear Models

Often in the robust analysis of regression and time series models there is a need for having a robust scale estimator of a scale parameter of the errors. One often used scale estimator is the median of the absolute residuals s 1. It is of interest to know its limiting distribution and the consistency rate. Its limiting distribution generally depends on the estimator of the regression and/or autoregressive parameter vector unless the errors are symmetrically distributed around zero. To overcome this difficulty it is then natural to use the median of the absolute differences of pairwise residuals, s 2, as a scale estimator. This paper derives the asymptotic distributions of these two estimators for a large class of nonlinear regression and autoregressive models when the errors are independent and identically distributed. It is found that the asymptotic distribution of a suitably standardized s 2 is free of the initial estimator of the regression/autoregressive parameters. A similar conclusion also holds for s 1 in linear regression models through the origin and with centered designs, and in linear autoregressive models with zero mean errors.
Knowledge management: A U.S. Social Security Administration case study

Abstract Knowledge management can be a powerful tool for addressing the “graying of government” and other factors contributing to the loss of expertise in government organizations. This paper presents a case study of knowledge management at the U.S. Social Security Administration and provides recommendations for how knowledge management might better protect valuable knowledge resources. A two-phase study was conducted of the Benefit Rate Increase/Premium Amount Collectible (BRI/PAC), a core process at the U. S. Social Security Administration, where critical knowledge is at risk of being lost. The study suggests that knowledge sharing, training, and the overall development of a working environment conducive to knowledge management promise to enhance performance of the BRI/PAC operation, at SSA.
N-hydroxyalkyl derivatives of 3β-phenyltropane and 1-methylspiro[1H-indoline-3,4'-piperidine] : Vesamicol analogues with affinity for monoamine transporters

As part of our ongoing structure−activity studies of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligand 2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (vesamicol, 1), 22 N-hydroxy(phenyl)alkyl derivatives of 3β-phenyltropane, 6, and 1-methylspiro[1H-indoline-3,4‘-piperidine], 7, were synthesized and tested for binding in vitro. Although a few compounds displayed moderately high affinity for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, no compound was more potent than the prototypical vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligand vesamicol. However, a few derivatives of 6 displayed higher affinity for the dopamine transporter than cocaine. We conclude that modification of the piperidyl fragment of 1 will not lead to more potent vesicular acetylcholine transporter ligands.
New air-stable trimethylsilyl-substituted trivinylboranes and carboranes

Abstract The reaction of B 5 H 9 with (CH 3 SiCCR (R = (CH 3 ) 3 Si, CH 3 , or H) without the use of a Lewis base, heat, solvent, or large volume gas bulbs produced air-stable [R(H)CCSi(CH 3 ) 3 ] 3 B and 2-(CH 3 ) 3 Si-3-R-2,3-C 2 B 4 H 6 in quantitative yields. However, this reaction was very slow. The reaction of BH 3 · THF with (CH 3 ) 3 SiCCR at 0°C also quantitatively produced the corresponding trivinylborane derivative, in which the boron is bonded exclusively to the silicon bearing olefinic carbon of each of the vinyl groups. The most satisfactory method of preparation of the carborane involved the liquid phase reaction of a mixture of B 5 H 9 and (CH 3 ) 3 SiCCR at 135°C with the formation of hydroborated species in a high vacuum stainless steel reactor. The carborane product was easily isolated in gram quantities in high purity by vacuum fractionation. All new products were characterized by IR, 1 H, 11 B, 13 C, and 29 Si NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and, where possible, elemental analysis.
Electrothermal Simulation and Thermal Performance Study of GaN Vertical and Lateral Power Transistors

In this paper, we present self-consistent electrothermal simulations of single-finger and multifinger GaN vertical metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and lateral AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) and compare their thermal performance. The models are first validated by comparison with experimental dc characteristics, and then used to study the maximum achievable power density of the device without the peak temperature exceeding a safe operation limit of 150°C (P150°C). It is found that the vertical MOSFETs have the potential to achieve a higher P150°C than the lateral HEMTs, especially for higher breakdown voltages and higher scaling level designs.
Vitreous hemorrhage is a common complication of pediatric pars planitis.

Abstract Objective To report the prevalence of vitreous hemorrhage in pars planitis and to compare the prevalence of hemorrhage for children and adults with the disease. Design A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. Participants One hundred eighteen consecutive patients with pars planitis who were evaluated at the Oregon Health and Science University Uveitis Clinic between September 1985 and April 2000. Method A review of clinical records. Main outcome measures For all patients, we recorded presence or absence of vitreous hemorrhage, as well as laterality and cause. Children were defined as being age 16 years or younger at diagnosis, and adults were defined as being aged 17 years or older at diagnosis. Results Fourteen percent of patients with pars planitis experienced vitreous hemorrhage. Persons with hemorrhage were significantly younger at the time of disease diagnosis than persons without hemorrhage ( P = 0.040). The difference in prevalence of vitreous hemorrhage between children (28%) and adults (6%) was statistically significant ( P = 0.003). The difference in prevalence of hemorrhage as a presenting feature between children (20%) and adults (1%) was also statistically significant ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Children with pars planitis are more likely than adults to experience vitreous hemorrhage. Pars planitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric vitreous hemorrhage.
Book Review: Tried, Revised, and Tried Again—A Seasoned Textbook for Undergraduates

In 1999 I adopted the second edition of Karp's text (CMB2) for my introductory lecture-and-laboratory course in cellular and molecular biology, and this past spring I began using the newly revised third edition (CMB3). Clearly, I like the text, and I had helped the author revise two chapters (4 and 8) for the current edition. I also surveyed how my students perceived both editions, and what follows are our impressions of the third edition, with echoes of sentiment expressed about the second edition.
Developmental Therapy: Integrating Developmental Processes into the Clinical Practice.

The facilitation of development may be considered the primary goal of counseling and therapy. Developmental theory, however, remains relatively divorced from direct clinical work. Developmental therapy is oriented toward identifying how to use basic developmental theory in clinical consultation. Developmental therapy differs from life span developmental psychology in emphasizing specific processes of change, growth, and development rather than outcomes and life stages. Thus, developmental therapy supplements life span theory and provides specific suggestions for clinical-counseling interventions that may be used to assess the developmental level of a client on a specific task, select counseling skills and theory to match client cognitive-developmental level, and obtain feedback on the effectiveness of the intervention that will enable one to change counseling style to meet client needs. Basic to developmental therapy is a modern adaptatio of Platonic and Piagetian constructs that allows the systematic integration of counseling and therapy theory. Implications of the model for training and practice are discussed.
Omental cakes: unusual aetiologies and CT appearances

Background Omental cakes typically are associated with ovarian carcinoma, as this is the most common malignant aetiology. Nonetheless, numerous other neoplasms, as well as infectious and benign processes, can produce omental cakes. Methods A broader knowledge of the various causes of omental cakes is valuable diagnostically and to direct appropriate clinical management. Results We present a spectrum of both common and unusual aetiologies that demonstrate the variable computed tomographic appearances of omental cakes. Conclusion The anatomy and embryology are discussed, as well as the importance of biopsy when the aetiology of omental cakes is uncertain.
Stability of the three‐dimensional Coulomb friction law

It is known that problems arise over existence and uniqueness of solution in quasi–static contact problems involving large coefficients of Coulomb friction. This paper considers the behaviour of an elastically supported mass with three translational degrees of freedom that can make contact with a rigid Coulomb friction support. A critical coefficient of friction is identified, above which the quasi–static solution can be non–unique. A numerical solution of the corresponding dynamic problem shows that the state realized then depends on the initial conditions. Even below the critical coefficient of friction, the dynamic solution can deviate from the quasi–static even for arbitrarily small loading rates. Typical dynamic responses include limit–cycle oscillations in velocity, oscillations involving a brief period of zero velocity (stick) and ‘stick–slip’ motion in which the mass spends significant periods in a state of stick, interspersed with short rapid–slip periods. All these non–steady motions involve non–rectilinear motion, even in cases where the time derivative of the applied load is constant in direction. A perturbation analysis is performed on the quasi–static frictional slip solution and predicts instability for certain slip directions, depending on functions of the off–diagonal stiffness components and the coefficient of friction. These results are presented in dimensionless form in stability diagrams. It is also shown that quasi–static slip that is stable when there is no damping can be destabilized if the damping matrix has sufficiently large off–diagonal components.
Non intrusive operational health identification of in-service electrical machine

Reliable and fault free operation of electrical machines is presently an area of extensive research. Significant progress has been made in identification of faults in electrical machines employing intrusive and non intrusive methods. In most of the published work, supervised learning technique is form the core approach for identification and classification of faults. This technique is more suitable for new commissioned machines. For the development of diagnostic algorithm, complete set of fault signatures over the machine's life span are required. However, in case of machines which are already in-service, complete set of signatures reflecting different fault states can't be made available for development of diagnostic algorithm. This imposes a sever limitation on diagnosis algorithms. In this paper, a proposed method is presented which can be employed for the identification of operational health state of in-service machines. The proposed method is based on the comparison of principal components. Fault diagnosis is based on features extracted from time frequency representation of fault current.
When the Ghost of Predation has Passed: Do Rodents from Islands with and without Fox Predators Exhibit Aversion to Fox Cues?

Anti-predator behavior can alter the dynamics of prey populations, but little is known about the rate at which anti-predator behavior is lost from prey populations following predator removal. The Channel Islands differ in whether they have historically contained a top predator, the Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis), in evolutionary time (approximately 6200–10 000 yr). On a historically fox-containing island and two historically fox-free islands in 2007, I deployed live traps that contained olfactory cues of fox predators (fox feces), olfactory cues of an herbivore (horse feces) or a no-feces control. Due to a captive breeding program, foxes on the historically fox-containing island were effectively removed from 1998 to 2004. Rodents from one of the historically fox-free islands did not respond to fox cues, whereas rodents on the historically fox-containing island were more likely to be captured in a control trap and less likely to be captured in a fox-cue trap. Results from the other historically fox-free island that experienced a recent population bottleneck and period of captive rearing exhibited a preference for horse-scented traps. These results suggest that, on islands where foxes are the primary predators, anti-predator behavior in response to olfactory cues is not likely to be rapidly lost by short-term removals of foxes, although the nature of anti-predator behavior may depend upon founder events and recent population dynamics (e.g. population bottlenecks or several generations in captivity).
A 2.5-Gb/s Multi-Rate 0.25- $\mu$ m CMOS Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Utilizing a Hybrid Analog/Digital Loop Filter and All-Digital Referenceless Frequency Acquisition

A 0.25-mum CMOS, multi-rate clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that leverages unique analog/digital boundaries in its phase detector and loop filter to achieve a fully integrated CDR implementation with excellent performance, compact area, and low power dissipation is presented. Key circuit blocks include a phase-to-digital converter that combines a Hogge detector with a continuous-time first-order Sigma-Delta analog-to-digital converter, and a hybrid loop filter that contains an analog feedforward path and digital integrating path. In addition, an all-digital frequency acquisition method that does not require a reference frequency, quadrature phases from the VCO, or a significant amount of high-speed logic is presented. A nice byproduct of the frequency acquisition circuitry is that it also provides an estimate of the bit error rate (BER) experienced by the CDR. The CDR exceeds all SONET performance requirements at 155-, 622-, and 2500-Mb/s as well as Gigabit Ethernet specifications at 1.25 Gb/s. The chip operates with either a 2.5- or 3.3-V supply, consumes a maximum of 197 mA across all data rates, and fits in a 5times5 mm package
Solvation energetics and conformational change in EF‐hand proteins

Calmodulin and other members of the EF-hand protein family are known to undergo major changes in conformation upon binding Ca2+. However, some EF-hand proteins, such as calbindin D9k, bind Ca2+ without a significant change in conformation. Here, we show the importance of a precise balance of solvation energetics to conformational change, using mutational analysis of partially buried polar groups in the N-terminal domain of calmodulin (N-cam). Several variants were characterized using fluorescence, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy. Strikingly, the replacement of polar side chains glutamine and lysine at positions 41 and 75 with nonpolar side chains leads to dramatic enhancement of the stability of the Ca2+-free state, a corresponding decrease in Ca2+-binding affinity, and an apparent loss of ability to change conformation to the open form. The results suggest a paradigm for conformational change in which energetic strain is accumulated in one state in order to modulate the energetics of change to the alternative state.
Recruitment preferences of non-native mussels: interaction between marine invasions and land-use changes

Preferential patterns of settlement of marine invertebrate larvae may significantly affect the expansion of introduced populations when coupled with anthropogenic changes to available substrates in marine environments. In the near-shore marine environments of the southeastern USA the addition of hard substrates into primarily salt marsh habitats may provide necessary settlement sites for recently introduced marine invertebrates such as the Asian green mussel, Perna viridis, and the South American charru mussel, Mytella charruana. Preliminary studies in Florida suggest that M. charruana adults are predominantly found on man-made substrates, especially docks. The present study investigated whether P. viridis and M. charruana preferentially settle on substrates commonly used in manmade structures such as plexiglass, wood and rock, or on natural substrates like the shells of oyster (Crassostrea virginica), green mussels or charru mussels. Frames containing a mixture of these six substrates were deployed at two locations in Florida and retrieved after 1, 2 and 3 months. Over 1-month deployments, both species preferentially recruited to natural substrates. While this pattern was repeated on substrates in the field for 2 months in M. charruana, there were no differences in P. viridis spat density among any of the substrates in the field for 2 or 3 months. These results suggest that man-made hard substrates will likely not affect expansion of these two species by providing preferred settlement sites. Man-made substrates may still, however, provide better locations for survival.
Studying Women in a Changing World: An Introduction

General issues involved in disentangling historical, cohort, developmental and other factors in change are discussed, with special reference to the study of women in a changing world. The advantages and disadvantages of the two major methods of study–panel or longitudinal studies and cross-sectional (or successive cross-sectional) studies–are presented, along with the opportunities and problems associated with secondary analysis of data collected in previous studies. This introduction concludes with design and method notes about the other papers in this issue.
NemaPath: online exploration of KEGG-based metabolic pathways for nematodes.

Background Nematode.net http://www.nematode.net is a web-accessible resource for investigating gene sequences from parasitic and free-living nematode genomes. Beyond the well-characterized model nematode C. elegans, over 500,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and nearly 600,000 genome survey sequences (GSSs) have been generated from 36 nematode species as part of the Parasitic Nematode Genomics Program undertaken by the Genome Center at Washington University School of Medicine. However, these sequencing data are not present in most publicly available protein databases, which only include sequences in Swiss-Prot. Swiss-Prot, in turn, relies on GenBank/Embl/DDJP for predicted proteins from complete genomes or full-length proteins.
Interference mechanisms of acoustic/convective disturbances in a swirl-stabilized lean-premixed combustor

Abstract Interference mechanisms of acoustic/convective disturbances were experimentally investigated in a swirl-stabilized lean-premixed gas turbine combustor operated with natural gas fuel and air at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperature. Interference between azimuthal and acoustic velocity disturbances at high-amplitude limit cycle oscillations is characterized in detail as a function of axial swirler location, oscillation frequency, and mean nozzle velocity. We show that both the frequency and the intensity of self-excited instabilities in a model gas turbine combustor are correlated with axial swirler position, which indicates that a vorticity wave generated at the swirl vanes is a primary source of convective disturbances in the absence of equivalence ratio nonuniformities. Flame transfer function measurements confirm that the linear/nonlinear heat release response is a strong function of axial swirler location, even when unforced flame structures remain unchanged. The key parameter controlling this phenomenon is the phase difference between the azimuthal and acoustic velocity perturbations at the combustor dump plane; the phase difference is affected by swirler location, frequency, mean velocity, and the speed of sound. It was found that out-of-phase interference between azimuthal and acoustic velocity disturbances at the combustor inlet yields large flame angle fluctuations in relation to swirl number fluctuations, and therefore the formation of a coherent structure is hindered due to high kinematic viscosity within the vortex formation region. In-phase interference mechanisms, on the other hand, lead to high-amplitude limit cycle oscillations. This interference mechanism is then explored in the presence of temporal equivalence ratio nonuniformities, in which two different sources of convective mechanisms should be considered simultaneously in connection with acoustic velocity perturbations and the vortex dynamics. Results reveal that equivalence ratio oscillation has a significant effect on the strength of combustion-acoustic interactions. Strong self-excited instabilities of partially premixed flames are produced by in-phase interactions between acoustic velocity and equivalence ratio oscillations, which are governed by fuel injection location, frequency, mean nozzle velocity, and fuel injector impedance. At this phase condition, unburned reactants with high equivalence ratio impinge on the flame front with high inlet velocity, potentially causing large fluctuations of heat release rate.
Stability of a liquid drop trapped between two parallel planes II: general contact angles

The physical problem considered is that of a drop of liquid forming a bridge between two parallel planar plates, where the contact curves between the drop and the planes are not prescribed a priori. It is shown that for sufficiently large volumes, a stable drop must exist, and that no bifurcation can occurwithin the family of curves without inflection points. It is also shown that if the drop is a convex set satisfying the correct differential equations, then it is stable. Some numerical results are presented.
Social effects in employer learning: An analysis of siblings

Abstract This paper examines whether wages are based on information about personal contacts. I develop a theory of labor markets with imperfect information in which related workers have correlated abilities. I study wage setting under two alternative processes: individual learning, under which employers observe only a worker's own characteristics, and social learning, under which employers also observe those of a relative. Using sibling data from the NLSY79, I test for a form of statistical nepotism in which a sibling's performance is priced into a worker's wage. Empirically, an older sibling's test score has a larger impact on a younger sibling's log wage than a younger sibling's test score has on an older sibling's log wage. The estimates provide strong support for social effects in employer learning.
Towards the integration of multi-attribute optimization and game theory for border security patrolling strategies

The problem of border security is extremely complex, due to both the adversarial nature of the problem and the many different objectives of the border patrol, illegal entrants, and smugglers. We present a simplified model of the border patrolling problem, and describe initial progress towards combining game theory and multi-attribute optimization to find effective patrolling strategies in this domain.
Effects of parathyroid hormone on blood flow in different regional circulations

Parathyroid hormone and, in particular, its 1-34 aminoterminal fragment, PTH-(1-34), are potent vasodilators of the coronary circulation. In addition the hormone exerts a powerful hypotensive effect in a variety of animals, suggesting that the polypeptide hormone is vasoactive in peripheral regional circulations as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the regional circulations that were responsive and the relative sensitivity of each to the vasoactive properties of the hormone fragment. An anesthetized instrumented open-chest and/or open-abdomen dog model was used. Blood flow was continuously monitored in left circumflex, left pulmonary, right renal, celiac, and superior mesenteric arteries. Doses of synthetic human PTH-(1-34) ranging from 0.00024 to 0.24 nmol/kg were administered by bolus intra-arterial injections. Although PTH-(1-34) produced a dose-related vasodilation in each of the above regional vascular beds, marked differences in sensitivity were observed. The peptide elicited large increases in coronary (178%) and celiac (162%) blood flow. Maximal renal and pulmonary responses were relatively small (increases of 30 and 23%, respectively). Compared with control values, blood flow in the superior mesenteric circulation increased only at the highest dose tested. Thus sensitivity to the vascular effects of the hormone fragment differs markedly between the regional vascular beds of the dog.
Colloid-Facilitated Transport of Cesium in Vadose-Zone Sediments: The Importance of Flow Transients

Colloid-sized particles are commonly detected in vadose-zone pore waters and are capable of binding chemicals with sorptive affinities for geologic materials. Published research demonstrates that c...