cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relaxor Behavior in Ordered Lead Magnesium Niobate (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3) Thin Films

Author(s): Shetty, S; Damodaran, A; Wang, K; Yuan, Y; Gopalan, V; Martin, L; Trolier-McKinstry, S | Abstract: The local compositional heterogeneity associated with the short-range ordering of Mg and Nb in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) is correlated with its characteristic relaxor ferroelectric behavior. Fully ordered PMN is not prepared as a bulk material. This work examines the relaxor behavior in PMN thin films grown at temperatures below 1073 K by artificially reducing the degree of disorder via synthesis of heterostructures with alternate layers of Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 and PbNbO3, as suggested by the random-site model. 100 nm thick, phase-pure films are grown epitaxially on (111) SrTiO3 substrates using alternate target timed pulsed-laser deposition of Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 and PbNbO3 targets with 20% excess Pb. Selected area electron diffraction confirms the emergence of (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) superlattice spots with randomly distributed ordered domains as large as ≈150 nm. These heterostructures exhibit a dielectric constant of 800, loss tangents of ≈0.03 and 2× remanent polarization of ≈11 µC cm−2 at room temperature. Polarization–electric field hysteresis loops, Rayleigh data, and optical second-harmonic generation measurements are consistent with the development of ferroelectric domains below 140 K. Temperature-dependent permittivity measurements demonstrate reduced frequency dispersion compared to short range ordered PMN films. This work suggests a continuum between normal and relaxor ferroelectric behavior in the engineered PMN thin films.
Pedagogies of music, politics, and race: a roundtable discussion at the annual meeting of the American studies association; November 12, 2017; Chicago, Illinois

Our traditional disciplinary boundaries lend themselves to curricular divisions that separate the arts, humanities, and social sciences. Even in interdisciplinary formations, such as Ethnic Studies or American Studies, it is common to have some courses focus on social problems and histories of
Microtubule regulators act in the nervous system to modulate fat metabolism and longevity through DAF-16 in C. elegans.

Microtubule (MT) regulation is involved in both neuronal function and the maintenance of neuronal structure, and MT dysregulation appears to be a general downstream indicator and effector of age-related neurodegeneration. But the role of MTs in natural aging is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role of MT regulators in regulating longevity. We find that loss of EFA-6, a modulator of MT dynamics, can delay both neuronal aging and extend the lifespan of C. elegans. Through the use of genetic mutants affecting other MT-regulating genes in C. elegans, we find that loss of MT stabilizing genes (including ptrn-1 and ptl-1) shortens lifespan, while loss of MT destabilizing gene hdac-6 extends lifespan. Via the use of tissue-specific transgenes, we further show that these MT regulators can act in the nervous system to modulate lifespan. Through RNA-seq analyses, we found that genes involved in lipid metabolism were differentially expressed in MT regulator mutants, and via the use of Nile Red and Oil Red O staining, we show that the MT regulator mutants have altered fat storage. We further find that the increased fat storage and extended lifespan of the long-lived MT regulator mutants are dependent on the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. Our results suggest that neuronal MT status might affect organismal aging through DAF-16-regulated changes in fat metabolism, and therefore, MT-based therapies might represent a novel intervention to promote healthy aging.
19.4 An Adaptive Clock Management Scheme Exploiting Instruction-Based Dynamic Timing Slack for a General-Purpose Graphics Processor Unit with Deep Pipeline and Out-of-Order Execution

Cycle-by-cycle dynamic timing slack (DTS), which represents extra timing margin from the critical-path timing slack reported by the static timing analysis (STA), has been observed at both program level and instruction level. Conventional dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) works at the program level and does not provide adequate frequency-scaling granularity for instruction-level timing management [1]. Razor-based techniques leverage error detection to exploit the DTS on a cycle-by-cycle basis [2]. However, it requires additional error-detection circuits and architecture-level co-design for error recovery [3]. Supply droop-based adaptive clocking was used to reduce timing margin under PVT variation, but does not address the instruction-level timing variation [4]. Recently, instruction-based adaptive clock schemes have been introduced to enhance a CPU’s operation [5–6]. For example, instruction types at the execution stage were used to provide timing control for a simple pipeline structure. However, this scheme lacks adequate consideration for other pipeline stages whose timing may not be opcode dependent [5]. In [6], the instruction-execution sequence was evaluated at the compiler level with the timing encoded into the instruction code. The scheme considers all pipeline stages but relies on in-order execution of instructions for proper timing encoding from the compiler.
ECMO After EOLIA: The Evolving Role of Extracorporeal Support in ARDS

Over the past decade, the rapidly expanding use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has outpaced the evidence. Before 2018, there had only been one large, randomized clinical trial involving relatively modern extracorporeal technology that evaluated the impact of ECMO on acute respiratory failure, predominately ARDS. Advances in ECMO technology, coupled with improvements in the management of ARDS, made it apparent that in order to clarify the role of ECMO for patients with severe forms of ARDS, further high-quality evidence would be needed [1]. The ECMO to Rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS (EOLIA) trial compared the impact of early venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) in patients with severe forms of ARDS against optimal conventional standard-of-care management [2]. Despite failing to meet the primary outcome of improved survival with ECMO at 60 days, the results of EOLIA are more nuanced than the trial conclusion might suggest. A comprehensive analysis of EOLIA provides valuable insights into the evolving role of ECMO and its future use in ARDS. This chapter will summarize the rationale for the trial, provide an in-depth interpretation of the results, and explore their implications on the role of ECMO in the management of ARDS.
Mechanical power losses of full-complement needle bearings of planetary gear sets: Model and experiments:

Full-complement (loose) needle bearings are used widely in automatic transmissions as planetary gear set planet bearings due to their cost advantages and high load-carrying capacity. This study provides theoretical and experimental investigations of the efficiency performance of full-complement needle bearings in a planetary gear set. An experimental setup is introduced to measure planetary gear set power losses. A number of full-complement needle bearing variations as well as a baseline caged needle bearing arrangement are tested within ranges of speed, torque, and oil temperature as well as key bearing parameters such as needle diameter and number of needle rows. A mechanical power loss model of full-complement needle bearings is proposed next. The model employs an elastohydrodynamic lubrication formulation for rolling power losses and includes the effects of needle skewing and needle-to-needle sliding. Predicted mechanical power losses are compared to measurements to assess the accuracy of the model. R...
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis and urticaria

Physical exercise is a stimulus capable of provoking urticaria and anaphylaxis in certain individuals. The cutaneous manifestations of EIA include erythema, pruritus, and urticarial whealing. Symptoms may also progress to angioedema, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, and hypotension. Attacks are consistently associated with increases in serum histamine levels, and atopic individuals are more commonly affected. At least two distinct diseases cause EIA, including CU and classic EIA. A variant form of EIA may also exist. CU episodes are induced by increases in body temperature occurring secondary to physical exercise or passive body warming. Classic EIA episodes are induced only by exercise. Further differences between these two disorders include the size of skin lesions and the high frequency of progression to upper airway distress and shock in classic EIA. The manifestations of EIA occur as a result of mast cell degranulation that releases histamine and other mediators into the circulation. An exaggerated cholinergic response to body warming seems to provoke mast cell degranulation in individuals with CU. In classic EIA, exercise acts as a physical stimulus, which through an unknown mechanism provokes mast cell degranulation. The treatment of acute episodes of EIA includes administration of epinephrine and antihistamines, airway maintenance, and cardiovascular support. Prophylactic treatment includes exercise avoidance, abstention from coprecipitating foods and medications, pretreatment with antihistamines and cromolyn, and the induction of tolerance through regular exercise.
Religious attendance, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance in older Mexican Americans

Although numerous studies have shown that religious involvement is associated with better health across the life course, researchers have virtually ignored possible links between religious involvem...
'Unfunded Liabilities' and Uncertain Fiscal Financing

A rational expectations framework is developed to study the consequences of alternative means to resolve the "unfunded liabilities" problem - unsustainable exponential growth in federal Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid spending with no plan to finance it. Resolution requires specifying a probability distribution for how and when monetary and fiscal policies will change as the economy evolves through the 21st century. Beliefs based on that distribution determine the existence of and the nature of equilibrium. We consider policies that in expectation combine reaching a fiscal limit, some distorting taxation, modest inflation, and some reneging on the government's promised transfers. In the equilibrium, inflation-targeting monetary policy cannot successfully anchor expected inflation. Expectational effects are always present, but need not have large impacts on inflation and interest rates in the short and medium runs.
A Tertiary Academic Medical Center Blood Bank's Experience With Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate.

OBJECTIVES The role of transfusion medicine consultative services in prospectively auditing (PA) orders for four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) was evaluated at an academic medical center. METHODS Data from 4 years of 4F-PCC orders were obtained from the laboratory information system, and electronic health records of patients receiving concentrate were reviewed. RESULTS 4F-PCC was ordered for 427 patients with warfarin-, apixaban-, or rivaroxaban-associated hemorrhage. Turnaround time (TAT) to prepare 4F-PCC was longer when PA-recommended dose adjustments were needed (85 vs 66 minutes, P = .03). There was no difference in TAT between patients who died and those who were ultimately discharged (60 vs 70, P = .22). TAT was shortest for orders originating in the emergency department (ED) compared with other locations (64 vs 85, P < .001), and ED TAT was not associated with patient outcomes in ED patients. PA and dose adjustments reduced amounts of concentrate issued by 27 IU per dose (P = .01). Median international normalized ratio less than 1.3 after 4F-PCC transfusion was achieved for all anticoagulants after dose adjustments. PA did not affect order cancellation or product wastage rates. CONCLUSIONS PA can ensure 4F-PCC is dosed appropriately without affecting patient outcomes.
Modulated structures, microstructures and subsolidus phase relations of labradorite feldspars

The coupled substitution between Na+Si and Ca+Al in the plagioclase solid solution results in a continuous variation in the Al/Si ratio of the composition, which is the reason for the complicated ordering patterns in the intermediate plagioclase feldspars like labradorite. Both fast-cooled and slow-cooled labradorite feldspars display the incommensurately modulated structures. The ordering pattern in the incommensurately modulated structures of e-plagioclase (characterized by the satellite diffraction peak called e-reflections) is the most complicated and intriguing. The modulated structure has a superspace group symmetry of X(αβγ)0 with a special centering condition of (½ ½ ½ 0), (0 0 ½ ½), (½ ½ 0 ½), and the q-vector has components (i.e., δh, δk, δl) along all three axes in reciprocal space. Displacive modulation, occupational modulation, and density modulation are observed in slowly cooled labradorite feldspars. No density modulation was observed in fast cooled (volcanic) labradorite feldspars. The amplitudes of the modulation waves are new parameters for quantifying the ordering state of labradorite. Iridescent labradorite feldspars display exsolution lamellae with average periodicity ranging from ~ 150 nm to ~350 nm. Compositional difference between the lamellae is about 12 mole % in anorthite component. Areas or zones with red iridescent color (i.e., long lamellae periodicity) always contain more Ca (~ 1 to 3 mole %) than the areas with blue (or green) iridescent color within the same labradorite crystal. We proposed that the solvus for Boggild intergrowth has a loop-like shape ranging from ~An44 to ~ An63. The Ca-rich side has higher temperature than the Na-rich side. The shapes of satellite peaks, the distances between e-reflections (modulation periods), and even the intensity of c-reflections may also be used to evaluate the ordering state or cooling rate of the plagioclase feldspar. Both modulated structure and the exsolution lamellae can be used as proxies for quantifying cooling rate of a labradorite and its host rock.
The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics.

Abstract Barriers to accessing scientific findings contribute to knowledge inequalities based on financial resources and decrease the transparency and rigor of scientific research. Recent initiatives aim to improve access to research as well as methodological rigor via transparency and openness. We sought to determine the impact of such initiatives on open access publishing in the sub-area of human electrophysiology and the impact of open access on the attention articles received in the scholarly literature and other outlets. Data for 35,144 articles across 967 journals from the last 20 years were examined. Approximately 35% of articles were open access, and the rate of publication of open-access articles increased over time. Open access articles showed 9 to 21% more PubMed and CrossRef citations and 39% more Altmetric mentions than closed access articles. Green open access articles (i.e., author archived) did not differ from non-green open access articles (i.e., publisher archived) with respect to citations and were related to higher Altmetric mentions. These findings demonstrate that open-access publishing is increasing in popularity in the sub-area of human electrophysiology and that open-access articles enjoy the “open access advantage” in citations similar to the larger scientific literature. The benefit of the open access advantage may motivate researchers to make their publications open access and pursue publication outlets that support it. In consideration of the direct connection between citations and journal impact factor, journal editors may improve the accessibility and impact of published articles by encouraging authors to self-archive manuscripts on preprint servers.
A Preliminary Test of an mHealth Facilitated Health Coaching Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence among Persons Living with HIV.

This study examined feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an mHealth facilitated health coaching antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence intervention. Persons living with HIV (n = 53) were randomized to an in-person adherence session and 12 months of app access and health coaching via the app (Fitbit Plus) versus single adherence session (SOC). At baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, we measured ART adherence, substance use, and depressive symptoms. We also conducted individual qualitative interviews. The intervention was found to be largely feasible and highly acceptable, with the health coach spending an average of 2.4 min per month with a participant and 76.5% of Fitbit Plus participants using the app regularly at 12 months. While most comparisons were not significant, the pattern of results was consistent with better adherence in the Fitbit Plus compared to SOC condition. Substance use was significantly associated with poorer ART adherence while depressive symptoms were not. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02676128; Registered: 2/8/2016.
The neuropsychology of spiritual experience

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the neuropsychology of religious and spiritual experience. An analysis of the neuropsychological basis of these experiences serves several important purposes: (a) to illuminate the biological roots of these experiences and provide new information regarding the function of the human brain, (b) to provide a new understanding of how and why these experiences have played such a significant role in human thought and history, and (c) to lead to an understanding of the relationship between these experiences and human health and psychological well-being. In further considering a neuropsychological and neuroevolutionary approach to the study of religious and spiritual experiences, it is important to consider two major avenues toward attaining such experiences: group ritual and individual contemplation or meditation. A phenomenological analysis reveals that the two practices are similar in kind, if not in intensity, along two dimensions: (a) intermittent emotional discharges involving the subjective sensation of awe, peace, tranquillity, or ecstasy; and (b) varying degrees of unitary experience correlating with the emotional discharges. It is important for clinicians to be sensitive and knowledgeable regarding spiritual and philosophical beliefs. The chapter describes that professionals need to be capable of distinguishing normal, healthy spiritual growth from psychopathology. The fact that spiritual experiences have an effect on autonomic function as well as other cortically mediated cognitive and emotional processes suggests that such experiences not only affect the human psyche but also may be utilized to assist in the therapy of various disorders.
Sample-efficient learning with auxiliary class-label information

Building classification models from clinical data collected for past patients often requires additional example labeling and annotation by a human expert. Since example labeling may require to review a complete electronic health record the process can be very time consuming and costly. To make the process more cost-efficient, the number of examples an expert needs to label should be reduced. We develop and test a new approach for the classification learning in which, in addition to class labels provided by an expert, the learner is provided with auxiliary information that reflects how strong the expert feels about the class label. We show that this information can be extremely useful for practical classification tasks based on human assessment and can lead to improved learning with a smaller number of examples. We develop a new classification approach based on the support vector machines and the learning to rank methodologies capable of utilizing the auxiliary information during the model learning process. We demonstrate the benefit of the approach on the problem of learning an alert model for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) by showing an improved classification performance of the models that are trained on a smaller number of labeled examples.
The pricing of time-varying beta

We generalize an asset pricing model based on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) allowing beta to be time-varying. Making beta a random variable adds flexibility to the model because permits a non-linear relation between individual returns and the set of factors, and accounts for the effect of possible omitted variables. We integrate the conditional APT with a general linear stochastic process for beta. We analyze the behavior of the conditional expected return, the conditional variance and conditional covariance of individual asset returns as functions of the conditional moments of beta. On considering time-varying betas we introduce another source of uncertainty (risk) independent of the factors. We need to disentangle if this extra risk is systematic or non-systematic. To this end, we introduce a modified conditional APT model that rationalizes why the time variation of beta may represent extra systematic risk. For a sample of individual stocks, we test the hypothesis of time-varying beta and the feasibility of the modified conditional APT. We present a test for time-varying beta based on the conditional second moments of returns. We find that there is strong evidence against constancy of betas in favor of a random coefficient model, and that the time variation of beta is due to non-systematic behavior of the firms and investors should be able to diversify this risk away.
Cascaded scattering functions for sonar signal processing

This paper derives the total scattering function of a channel as a cascaded convolution of propagation and other scattering functions in a general structure with the narrowband (time-frequency) and wideband (time-scale) details presented as special cases. To do this requires the assumption that the probing signal is sufficiently rich so that the total spreading function can be represented by an inverse transform of the received signal. The derivation of this cascade of scattering functions then exploits properties of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). Since scattering functions behave similarly to ambiguity functions (there is an increase in ambiguity as the signal propagates through the medium), a convolution of scattering functions can be viewed as propagation of ambiguities through a time-varying multipath medium. The incorporation of cascaded scattering functions into a detection processor then yields an improved technique for detecting signals in more complex time-varying environments.
Architecture in the age of compositionality

The nature of software engineering is changing. Where as building systems was the predominant activity, more recently the focus has shifted toward composing systems from open-source, commercial and proprietary components and to only build the functionality that truly is competitively differentiating. In addition, the way software is developed has changed as well, especially focusing on short development cycles and frequent, or even continuous, deployment. Because of these requirements, often teams are organized around features, rather than components, and can change all components in the system, including their interfaces. A third trend is the increasing adoption of software ecosystems, where significant development of functionality relevant for customers occurs outside the platform organization. Obviously, however, the quality attributes that are necessary for system success remain important as well as the ability to easily incorporate new requirements in the system in a cost effective fashion. Because of the above, the role of software architecture and in particular the software architects is more important in this new world, but there is significant evolution in the implementation of the role. The paper starts by characterizing the new approach to software engineering and the role of compositionality. It then explores the implications for software architecture and the role of the software architect, Finally, it defines a number of research challenges for the ECSA community to explore.
Development of small calculi in an infant with bilateral single system ureteroceles.

puncture, 1 while others offer nonoperative treatment with antibiotic prophylaxis. We report on an infant with bilateral, nonobstructing nonrefluxing ureteroceles treated nonoperatively with subsequent development of small calculi in the left ureterocele. CASE REPORT A 6-week-old male with bilateral grade 2 prenatal hydroureteronephrosis had bilateral single system ureteroceles on postnatal sonography (fig. 1, A). The parents reported no history of illness and the patient was on no medication. Antibiotic prophylaxis, including 10 mg./kg. amoxicillin daily, was initiated. A cyclic voiding cystourethrogram confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral ureteroceles, and revealed an otherwise normal bladder and urethra without reflux. Furosemide renography showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with homogeneous distribution of radiopharmaceutical from the cortex of each kidney with differential function of 46% and 54% from the right and left kidney, respectively. There was prompt emptying of the renal pelves after furosemide administration. The half-time washout was 6 minutes for the right and 9 for the left kidney, and percentage washout was 81% and 77%, respectively. The patient was continued on antibiotic prophylaxis without incident and evaluated at, ages 4 and 6 months with renal sonography and urinalysis. All urinalyses were negative, and the sonograms revealed stable hydroureteronephrosis, no renal abnormalities and maintenance of good corticomedullary differentiation. However, renal sonography at age 8 months revealed the interval development of 3 small stones in the left ureterocele (fig. 1, B). The patient subsequently underwent transurethral incision of the ureteroceles and extraction of the left ureteral stones. He tolerated the procedure well and was continued on antibiotic prophylaxis. Repeat sonography 1 month postoperatively showed no hydronephrosis or calculi and redundant incised ureterocele tissue (fig. 2). Chemical analysis of the stones revealed 80% calcium oxalate dihydrate, 10% ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate and 10% calcium oxalate monohydrate. A voiding cystourethrogram at age 14 months revealed vesicoureteral reflux grade III on the left side and no reflux on the right. The patient remains on prophylactic antibiotics and has not had a urinary tract infection postoperatively.
Mycobacterial outer membrane is a lipid bilayer and the inner membrane is unusually rich in diacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannosides

Mycobacterium species, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are unique among Gram-positive bacteria in producing a complex cell wall that contains unusual lipids and functions as a permeability barrier. Lipids in the cell wall were hypothesized to form a bilayer or outer membrane that would prevent the entry of chemotherapeutic agents, but this could not be tested because of the difficulty in extracting only the cell-wall lipids. We used reverse micellar extraction to achieve this goal and carried out a quantitative analysis of both the cell wall and the inner membrane lipids of Mycobacterium smegmatis. We found that the outer leaflet of the outer membrane contains a similar number of hydrocarbon chains as the inner leaflet composed of mycolic acids covalently linked to cell-wall arabinogalactan, thus validating the outer membrane model. Furthermore, we found that preliminary extraction with reverse micelles permitted the subsequent complete extraction of inner membrane lipids with chloroform–methanol–water, revealing that one-half of hydrocarbon chains in this membrane are contributed by an unusual lipid, diacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannoside. The inner leaflet of this membrane likely is composed nearly entirely of this lipid. Because it contains four fatty acyl chains within a single molecule, it may produce a bilayer environment of unusually low fluidity and may slow the influx of drugs, contributing to the general drug resistance phenotype of mycobacteria.
Expression cloning of a common receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide from rat osteoblast-like cells: a single receptor stimulates intracellular accumulation of both cAMP and inositol trisphosphates and increases intracellular free calcium

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major regulator of mineral ion metabolism, and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), which causes hypercalcemia in some cancer patients, stimulate multiple signals (cAMP, inositol phosphates, and calcium) probably by activating common receptors in bone and kidney. Using expression cloning, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor from rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) cells. The rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor is 78% identical to the opossum kidney receptor; this identity indicates striking conservation of this receptor across distant mammalian species. Additionally, the rat bone PTH/PTHrP receptor has significant homology to the secretin and calcitonin receptors but not to any other G protein-linked receptor. When expressed in COS cells, a single cDNA clone, expressing either rat bone or opossum kidney PTH/PTHrP receptor, mediates PTH and PTHrP stimulation of both adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. These properties could explain the diversity of PTH action without the need to postulate other receptor subtypes.
The future of reference: get real!

This paper takes a pragmatic practitioner’s view of the future of reference. It discusses five issues that need to be addressed for reference to advance logically: designing the right systems; keeping a local focus on user needs; getting a realistic perspective on library instruction; acknowledging the paradigm shift in reference question complexity; and the public relations aspects of reference services. Emphasis is placed on using technology as a tool to gain our ends, rather than employing it simply as a new toy and an end in itself.
Interference Mitigating in Wireless Networks Using Prior Knowledge

We propose a framework to mitigate the interference in high data rate mobile wireless networking. Interference is a fundamental obstacle to achieve high data rates in wireless networking. However, a systematic approach to deal with this problem has not yet been addressed in the context of routing in multi-hop networks. In traditional decoding schemes, interference is assumed as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), even though in many occasions it is in fact correlated with previous available data. Thus, in order to optimize performance, it is necessary to exploit such correlation in the decoding process. This is done by interpreting the problem as one of transmission over multiple access channels with a priori information.
Polarization, propagation, and deposition measurements during ECCD experiments on the DIII-D tokamak

The power deposition profiles for different poloidal and toroidal launch angles have been determined by modulating the ECH power and measuring the electron temperature response. The peak of the measured power density follows the poloidal steering of the ECH launcher, and perpendicular launch gives a narrower deposition profile than does oblique (current drive) launch. The difference in wave refraction between X-mode and O-mode allows positive identification of an unwanted O-mode component of the launched beam.
Formation and Maintenance of Shelfbreak Fronts in an Unstratified Flow

Abstract A depth-averaged model with no density variations was used by Chapman to describe the formation of a passive tracer front at a shelfbreak. The relevance of this frontogenesis mechanism to cases that allow vertical variations is examined by considering the three-dimensional structure of a passive tracer front with explicit finite vertical mixing and bottom boundary layer dynamics. A three-dimensional primitive-equation numerical model is configured in a channel with a continental shelf, slope, and abyssal plain running the length of the channel. A vertically and horizontally uniform inflow is imposed over the shelf, with a large horizontal velocity shear near the shelfbreak. In the primitive-equation model, the offshore flow is concentrated in the bottom boundary layer while the alongshelf flow distribution is similar to the depth-averaged case; the presence of the bottom topography maintains a strong horizontal shear near the shelfbreak above the bottom boundary layer. This velocity shear causes ...
RNase L: Its biological roles and regulation

2'-5'oligoadenylate-dependent ribonuclease L (RNase L) is one of the key enzymes involved in the function of interferons (IFNs), a family of cytokines participating in innate immunity against viruses and other microbial pathogens. Upon binding with its activator, 5'-phosphorylated, 2'-5' linked oligoadenylates (2-5A), RNase L degrades single-stranded viral and cellular RNAs and thus plays an important role in the antiviral and antiproliferative functions of IFNs. In recent years, evidence has revealed that RNase L displays a broad range of biological roles which are summarized in this review.
Pairing resonance as a normal-state spin probe in ultrathin Al films

We present a quantitative analysis of the low-temperature, high parallel-field pairing resonance in ultrathin superconducting Al films with dimensionless conductance g1. In this regime we derive an analytical expression for the tunneling density-of-states spectrum from which a variety of normal-state spin parameters can be extracted. We show that by fitting tunneling data at several supercritical parallel magnetic fields we can determine all of the relevant parameters that have traditionally been obtained via fits to tunneling data in the superconducting phase. These include the spin-orbit scattering rate, the antisymmetric Landau parameter G 0 , and the orbital pair-breaking parameter.
Predictions of High Strain Rate Failure Modes in Layered Aluminum Composites

A dislocation density-based crystalline plasticity formulation, specialized finite-element techniques, and rational crystallographic orientation relations were used to predict and characterize the failure modes associated with the high strain rate behavior of aluminum layered composites. Two alloy layers, a high strength alloy, aluminum 2195, and an aluminum alloy 2139, with high toughness, were modeled with representative microstructures that included precipitates, dispersed particles, and different grain boundary distributions. Different layer arrangements were investigated for high strain rate applications and the optimal arrangement was with the high toughness 2139 layer on the bottom, which provided extensive shear strain localization, and the high strength 2195 layer on the top for high strength resistance The layer thickness of the bottom high toughness layer also affected the bending behavior of the roll-bonded interface and the potential delamination of the layers. Shear strain localization, dynamic cracking, and delamination are the mutually competing failure mechanisms for the layered metallic composite, and control of these failure modes can be used to optimize behavior for high strain rate applications.
Some comments on Beck's solution of the inverse problem of heart conduction through the use of Duhamel's theorem

Summary An alternative interpretation of Beck's integral solution of the inverse problem of heat conduction has been presented. The use of future temperature information and the minimization of the least-square error between computed and experimental thermocouple data can be interpreted as (1) matching the thermocouple data exactly over r future times and (2) averaging the resulting heat flux values M+i according to equation (19). Limiting values of temperature and heat-flux weighting coefficients for large values of α t/L 2 are presented. Typical values of ω and ware presented for r =2 and a planar geometry.
SDLC and BSC on satellite links: a performance comparison

The emergence of satellite communication links offers the data communication designer increased throughput, but at the same time forces him to deal with greatly increased signal transmit time which may eliminate all potential throughput increases. Using a mathematical model, this paper compares batch throughput efficiency of two IBM line control methods, Binary Synchronous Communications (BSC) and Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), along with some hypothetical extensions to SDLC. Although the model treats links of any description, the focus here is on links with long signal transit time and low bit error rate, such as satellite links. Classic analog terrestrial links are included for comparison.The model consists of an information source with an infinite supply of data transmitting to an information sink which transmsits no data but does acknowledge received frames as defined in the various protocols. Throughput efficiency is defined as the ratio of the time spent by the data source transmitting original information bytes (i.e., bytes in the SDLC or BSC Information Field, excluding those bytes retransmitted due to errors) to the time spent transmitting all bytes (i.e., information, control, and error recovery) plus time taken by any gaps in continuous transmission.The comparison applies to steady-state batch transmission, so the link is assumed to be point-to-point. Both full duplex and half duplex protocols are considered in SDLC, but only half duplex protocols are contained in BSC. A hypothetical extension to SDLC, Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM), and SDLC Normal Response Mode (NRM) are included in full duplex. The model shows no difference in throughput efficiency between half duplex NRM and ARM, so only one result is presented for half duplex SDLC. Both SDLC and BSC are data link control architectures; for details concerning a particular implementation, the reader should consult the product description. More detail on SDLC and BSC is available in References 1-4.Two transmission links are considered. The terrestrial analog link consists of traditional analog facilities, while the satellite link consists of only a satellite connection between the end points (i.e., the end points are very close to the satellite earth stations, such that negligible transit time and link errors are introduced in the terminal-to-earth station links). Each link is characterized by its bit error rate (BER) and round trip delay (RTD). Bit error rate is the long-term average of bit errors per bit transmitted, while round trip delay is defined as the amount of time between the last bit of a given SDLC frame or BSC block being transmitted and the first bit of its response being received at the source. RTD includes the time (in seconds) necessary to generate and transmit a line-control response at the receiving end, as well as any delay in equipment between the end points. Results are obtained using a simple bit-independent error model.The next section describes the applicable equations, while the following section discusses results.
Influence of Companion Herbs on Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Collard Plants

Field studies on the influence of surrounding collards with non host plants revealed that the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Geoze), occurred significantly ( P 0.05) different from the control. Foliage damage in all treatments, including the nonhost companion plantings, was extensive and reduced the marketability of the vegetable. Thus, although companion planting significantly reduced P. Cruciferae populations in some situations, it did not protect the plants from economic damage.
Fast Signal Calibration Systems for Large Detector System Front Ends

The fast risetime of the calibration signal in a 10 ns front end of a large detector system presents problems not generally encountered in a slower system. The distribution of these signals also presents its own unique set of problems. We have arrived at solutions which are applicable to large systems requiring fast risetime calibration signals in a small volume of space.
Packing Interactions between Transmembrane Helices Alter Ion Selectivity of the Yeast Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase PMR1

PMR1 is the yeast secretory pathway pump responsible for high affinity transport of Mn2+ and Ca2+ into the Golgi, where these ions are sequestered and effectively removed from the cytoplasm. Phenotypic growth assays allow for convenient screening of side chains important for Ca2+ and Mn2+ transport. Earlier we demonstrated that mutant Q783A at the cytoplasmic interface of M6 could transport Ca2+, but not Mn2+. Scanning mutagenesis of side chains proximal to residue Gln-783 in membrane helices M2, M4, M5, and M6 revealed additional residues near the cytoplasmic interface, notably Leu-341 (M5), Phe-738 (M5), and Leu-785 (M6) that are sensitive to substitution. Importantly, we obtained evidence for a packing interaction between Val-335 in M4 and Gln-783 in M6 that is critical for Mn2+ transport. Thus, mutant V335G mimics the Mn2+ transport defect of Q783A and mutant V335I can effectively suppress the Mn2+-defective phenotype of Q783A. These changes in ion selectivity were confirmed by cation-dependent ATP hydrolysis using purified enzyme. Other substitutions at these sites are tolerated individually, but not in combination. Exchange of side chains at 335 and 783 also results in ion selectivity defects, suggesting that the packing interaction may be conformation-sensitive. Homology models of M4, M5, and M6 of PMR1 have been generated, based on the structures of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. The models are supported by data from mutagenesis and reveal that Gln-783 and Val-335 show conformation-sensitive packing at the cytoplasmic interface. We suggest that this region may constitute a gate for access of Mn2+ ions.
Relational social work: Honoring the tradition∗

Abstract For social work clinicians trained in psychoanalysis there may be a tendency to disavow their earlier social work training and to identify themselves solely as psychoanalysts. This article addresses this tendency and introduces the term relational social work as a way to describe the intrinsic relational roots of social work theory and practice. A definition of relational social work is offered and its distinguishing features are outlined in comparison to relational psychoanalysis.
Prognostic Relevance of Carbonic Anhydrase-IX in High-Risk, Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine whether carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) was associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in women with high-risk, early-stage cervical cancer treated with adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy with or without radiosensitizing chemotherapy. Methods CA-IX expression was detected using an immunohistochemistry assay and categorized as low when ≤80% of tumor cells exhibited CA-IX staining and high when >80% tumor cells display CA-IX staining. Associations between CA-IX expression and clinical characteristics, angiogenesis marker expression, and clinical outcome were evaluated. Results High CA-IX expression was observed in 35/166 (21.1%) of cases. CA-IX expression was not associated with age, race, stage, cell type, grade, positive margins, parametrial extensions, positive lymph nodes, or lymphovascular space invasion but was associated with tumor size categorized as P =0.003) and cervical invasion confined to the inner two-thirds compared with the outer third of the cervix (high expression: 6.1% vs. 23.7%, P =0.028). CA-IX expression was not associated with immunohistochemical expression of p53, CD31, CD105, thrombospondin-1, or vascular endothelial growth factor-A. Women with high versus low CA-IX expression had similar PFS ( P =0.053) and significantly worse OS ( P =0.044). After adjusting for prognostic clinical covariates, high CA-IX expression was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR]=2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.13–3.95; P =0.019) and OS (HR=2.41; 95% CI=1.24–4.68; P =0.009). Conclusions Tumor hypoxia measured by immunohistochemical expression of CA-IX is an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS in high-risk, early-stage cervical cancer.
Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome in Henan Province, China, 2011-2012.

The Fever, Thrombocytopenia and Leukopenia Syndrome (FTLS) is caused by a bunyavirus known as the FTLS virus (FTLSV), which was recently discovered in China. We examined the epidemiological and etiological features of 637 laboratory-confirmed cases of FTLS with onset from January 2011 to December 2012 in Henan Province, China. The highest incidence of FTLS occurred between May and August: 76.5% of all laboratory-confirmed cases occurred during those four months. Of the laboratory-confirmed cases, 60.9% were in the 46–69 years old age groups; 96.1% (612/637) occurred in farmers; 98.1% (625/637) were reported from Xinyang Prefecture. During the same time period, 2047 cases were reported in China. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of FTLSV strains identified during 2011–2012 in Henan Province were ≥96% identical. This findings provides insight for developing public-health interventions for the control and prevention of FTLS in epidemic area.
Temporal variations in abundance of penaeid shrimp larvae and oceanographic conditions off Ras Tanura, Western Arabian Gulf

Abstract Seasonal and short term changes in surface temperature, salinity, plankton volume, and the abundance of penaeid eggs and larvae are presented. Temperatures ranged from 14 °C to 32 °C, whereas salinity showed little variation from the mean annual value of 40%‰. Plankton volume showed no clear seasonal pattern, but appeared to be correlated with the lunar cycle, showing maxima around the quarter-moon phases. Penaeus eggs were most abundant in plankton samples from December to May, when water temperatures were between 18 °C and 26 °C, and showed a similar correlation to the lunar cycle. Larvae of penaeids other than Penaeus were present in highest concentrations from April to November.
The Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries (PALE): goals and rationale of an international research program

Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries (PALE) is an initiative of the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs (OPP) ‘Arctic System Science’ global change program. PALE aims at developing an international, integrated study to analyze lake and estuarine cores, with the view of evaluating the causes and consequences of arctic climate change over the last 2000, the last 20 000, and the last 150 000 years of earth history. Research emphasizes modern calibration of proxy climatic indicators with strong chronological control. Data collection and description will be guided by, and will guide, a parallel program with the GENESIS Atmospheric Global Circulation Model (AGCM), with a view of assessing the critical boundary conditions in the arctic system and the location of regions especially sensitive to changes in climate on the different time-scales of interest. Research under the PALE directives commenced in 1991; ongoing research involves a series of co-operative programs in arctic lands, especially Alaska, arctic Canada, arctic Russia, and Iceland.