cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How To Prepare A Dissertation Proposal: Suggestions for Students in Education & the Social and Behavioral Sciences

"What are the core elements of a strong proposal?" "How can I accent the strengths of my study design? "How can computer use facilitate my literature review?" "What is the best way to get my proposal reviewed and approved?" You will find the answers to these and other key issues in this unique "assembly manual" for crafting a complete and convincing dissertation proposal. Three extensively annotated proposals of former students provide examples of the guidance offered and illustrate common types of studies. Whether you study best by example, review, memorization, or problem solving, this book's format enables you to follow your own pace and style. This is no ordinary step-by-step guide. The authors begin by identifying and defining the basics of a dissertation proposal. With careful consideration, they explore proposal functions and parts, show how to build your study's chain of reasoning, and carefully review alternate study designs. Chapters are devoted to qualitative studies: (sectioned into case studies, philosophical, and historical investigations); quantitative studies: (sectioned into experimental, causal modeling, and meta-analysis studies); and mixed-method studies: (sectioned into: sample survey, evaluation, development, and demonstration and action projects).
Analysis and Design of the IBM Power 575 Supercomputing Node Cold Plate Assembly

IBM returned to indirect (cold plate) water cooling in 2008 with the introduction of the Power 575 Supercomputing Node [1]. The node, packaged in a super-dense 2U (88.9 mm) form factor, contains 16 dual core processor modules. An assembly of 16 cold plates was developed to cool the processors. The assembly consists of the cold plates (one cold plate for each processor module), copper tubing that connects 4 groups of 4 cold plates in series, copper tubing that connects each grouping of 4 cold plates, or quadrant, to a common set of supply and return headers, and two flexible EPDM hoses that connect the headers to system level manifolds in the rack housing the nodes (a rack can contain up to 14 nodes). Non-spill poppeted quick connects are used to connect the cold plate assembly to the system level manifolds. In addition to a detailed description of the cold plate assembly, an overview will be given of the analysis and design that went into its development. Conjugate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was done on the cold plate and processor module combination. CFD modeling was done on the headers to verify proper flow balancing. Finally, mechanical finite element analyses were performed to determine the cold plate tube routing necessary to minimize reactionary forces the tubes placed on the cold plates under land grid array loading of the module to the board.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Growth inhibitory and antimitogenic activity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in T47D human breast cancer cells

The T47D human breast cancer cells used in this study express relative high levels of the progesterone receptor (637 +/- 118 fmol/mg protein) and lower levels of the estrogen and aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptors (81 +/- 3.4 and 55 +/- 8.2 fmol/mg protein, respectively). Treatment of these cells with 0.1, 1.0 and 10 nM concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in concentration-dependent increase in cell proliferation and the ratios of mitogen-treated/control cell numbers were 2.46, 2.00 and 1.90, respectively. In contrast, insulin did not significantly stimulate T47D cell proliferation and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was active only at a concentration of 10 nM. In parallel studies, the proliferative agents also stimulated the uptake of [3H]thymidine into cellular DNA. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) did not affect T47D cell growth at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 nM, whereas at a concentration of 10 nM a 44% decrease in cell numbers was observed. In cells cotreated with TCDD plus 100 ng/ml insulin or 10 nM 17 beta-estradiol, EGF, TGF-alpha and IGF-I, TCDD caused a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and [3H]thymidine uptake. For example, at a 10 nM concentration of TCDD there was a 32, 45, 29, 25 and 32% decrease in the 17 beta-estradiol, TGF-alpha, EGF, IGF-I and insulin-induced cell growth, respectively. These results confirm the antiproliferative activity of TCDD in T47D cells and this was similar to results previously reported in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells for the interaction of TCDD and 17 beta-estradiol. In addition, the data also show that TCDD inhibits the growth stimulatory effects of other polypeptide growth factors in T47D cells.
Evaluation of a methyl bromide quarantine treatment to control codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on nectarine cultivars proposed for export to Japan

Our experiments showed that testing required by regulatory agencies to demonstrate the efficacy of a quarantine treatment using 48 g/m3 methyl bromide for 2 h at 21°C or above and 50% load was unnecessary to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), on every nectarine cultivar proposed for export to Japan. Ovipositional tests for codling moth on nine nectarine cultivars showed no differences in acceptability among cultivars that might cause higher populations in harvested fruit and affect quarantine security levels. Measurements of egg chorion and fruit cuticle showed that codling moth eggs were not affected by different nectarine cultivars and other fruit substrates. No differences that would reduce the efficacy of the methyl bromide quarantine treatment were found in codling moth mortality to methyl bromide fumigation in dose-response tests on different substrates, including nectarine, peach, plum, and apple cultivars and waxed paper. A confirmatory test resulted in 100% mortality of 27,174 1-d-old codling moth eggs. The true survival proportion based on all confirmatory tests was ≤20 per 1 million at the 95% CL. A concentration × time product of ( x ⁻ ± SD) 68.0 ± 3.0 gh/m3 methyl bromide was considered a useful measurement to help maintain treatment security for control of codling moth on all nectarine cultivars.
Electron spin resonance study of liquids during photolysis XX. 1-hydropyridinecarboxylate anion radicals

Abstract An electron spin resonance study of radicals present during the photolytic reduction of anions of pyridinecarboxylic acids in solutions near room temperature is reported. Spectra were analyzed for 1-hydropyridine radicals substituted by the carboxylate group in the following positions: 2; 3; 2 and 3; 2 and 4; 2 and 5; and 3 and 4. The NH-hydrogen couplings were assigned by studying the spectra in solutions containing D 2 0 in which NH-hydrogens were replaced by deuterium. The absolute values of the pi-electron spin densities estimated from measured couplings for these and other related radicals are compared with values computed from McLachlan MO calculations.
Computational quality measures for evaluation of part orientation in freeform fabrication

Abstract Parts formed using freeform fabrication processes can vary significantly in quality depending on the orientation of the workpiece during manufacture. This paper presents four measures of quality for three performance measures in which this occurs, along with computational methods for computing their expected effects on faceted representations of a workpiece. The optimization of these quality measures is an important step in the automation of manufacturing straight from CAD models. The quality metrics developed quantify build time, material strength, and surface approximation error as functions of part orientation. A series of experiments performed on polycarbonate tensile specimens produced with selective laser sintering (SLS) shows how significant orientation can be. Although SLS and selective area laser deposition (SALD) are used in the examples, the measures are applicable to other technologies as well. A preliminary investigation into the optimization of orientation with these measures is discussed, showing how properties of the measures developed can be used to generate trial orientations for the global optimization problem where several measures are combined.
Intravascular Extension of Wilms Tumor

ObjectiveTo define the incidence and manifestations of and optimal therapy for children with intravascular extension of Wilms tumor.MethodsChildren on a collaborative study of Wilms tumor who had intravascular extension into the inferior vena cava (IVC) or atrium were identified. Surgical checklists
Evaluation of Binding and Origins of Specificity of 9-Ethyladenine Imprinted Polymers

An investigation of 9-ethyladenine (9-EA) imprinted polymers has provided insight into the origins of binding and recognition by imprinted polymers. Porogens and polymerization temperature are impo...
IOP tool: Assessing the benefits and hindrances of information integration implementation opportunities

AbstractThis paper presents a tool assessing the benefits and hindrances of specific information integration opportunities (IOP) identified by firms for potential implementation. Firms face numerous choices about which of many potential information integration opportunities to pursue. However, they lack guidance in selecting opportunities and preparing for successful implementation. In addition, there are many nontechnical factors that need to be considered for successful implementation of information integration. The tool, developed by an industry research team consisting of 15 members from leading contractors, construction clients, and academia in the U.S., uses 37 benefit driver and 34 implementation hindrance questions that are scored to provide an assessment of a specific integration opportunity. The questions in the tool take market/legal, organizational and process, and people-related issues pertinent to the implementation of information integration into account. The tool has been applied to 16 tes...
Role of the Kinetic Relation in a Phase Transition-Based Model for Mechanical Unfolding in Macromolecules

We present applications of a model developed to describe unfolding in macromolecules under an axial force. We show how different experimentally observed force-extension behaviors can be reproduced within a common theoretical framework. We propose that the unfolding occurs via the motion of a folded/unfolded interface along the length of the molecule. The molecules are modeled as one-dimensional continua capable of existing in two metastable states under an applied tension. The interface separates these two metastable states and represents a jump in stretch, which is related to applied force by the worm-like-chain relation. The mechanics of the interface are governed by the Abeyaratne-Knowles theory of phase transitions. The thermodynamic driving force controls the motion of the interface via an equation called the kinetic relation. By choosing an appropriate kinetic relation for the unfolding conditions and the macro-molecule under consideration, we have been able to generate a variety of unfolding processes in macromolecules.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
1,2,5-Thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide-based heterocyclic sulfides are potent inhibitors of human tryptase.

Abstract We describe herein the design, synthesis, and in vitro biochemical evaluation of a series of potent, time-dependent inhibitors of the mast cell-derived serine protease tryptase. The inhibitors were readily obtained by attaching various heterocyclic thiols, as well as a basic primary specificity residue P 1 , to the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide scaffold. The inhibitors were found to be devoid of any inhibitory activity toward a neutral (elastase) or cysteine (papain) protease, however they were also fairly efficient inhibitors of bovine trypsin. The differential inhibition observed with trypsin suggests that enzyme selectivity can be optimized by exploiting differences in the S′ subsites of the two enzymes. The results described herein demonstrate the versatility of the heterocyclic scaffold in fashioning mechanism-based inhibitors of neutral, basic, and acidic (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteases.
An exact statistical method for comparing topographic maps, with any number of subjects and electrodes.

Statistical methods for testing differences between neural images (e.g., PET, MRI or EEG maps) are problematic because they require (1) an untenable assumption of data sphericity and (2) a high subject to electrode ratio. We propose and demonstrate an exact and distribution-free method of significance testing which avoids the sphericity assumption and may be computed for any combination of electrode and subject numbers. While this procedure is rigorously rooted in permutation test theory, it is intuitively comprehensible. The sensitivity of the permutation test to graded changes in dipole location for systematically varying levels of signal/noise ratio, intersubject variability and number of subjects was demonstrated through a simulation of 70 different conditions, generating 5,000 different data sets for each condition. Data sets were simulated from a homogenous single-shell dipole model. For noise levels commonly encountered in evoked potential studies and for situations where the number of subjects was less than the number of electrodes, the permutation test was very sensitive to a change in dipole location of less than 0.75 cm. This method is especially sensitive to localized changes that would be “washed-out‘ by more traditional methods of analysis. It is superior to all previous methods of statistical analysis for comparing topographical maps, because the test is exact, there is no assumption of a multivariate normal distribution or of the correlation structure of the data requiring correction, the test can be tailored to the specific experimental hypotheses rather than allowing the statistical tests to limit the experimental design, and there is no limitation on the number of electrodes that can be simultaneously analyzed.
ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION OF UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGE TEACHING NORMS BY ENTERING GRADUATE TEACHING ASSISTANTS

Because most college and university faculty have considerable autonomy in the conduct of their teaching, norms that guide appropriate and inappropriate behavior for this role are needed. Recently, a set of four norms—interpersonal disregard, particularistic grading, moral turpitude, and inadequate planning—for undergraduate teaching have been delineated. This research addresses the question of whether entering graduate teaching assistants accurately anticipate these norms prior to beginning graduate study. The findings indicate that both faculty and beginning teaching assistants share subscription to the four norms of undergraduate teaching. Questions about the role of the graduate socialization process in the learning of teaching norms are raised and future research directions are suggested. Implications for practice are also proposed.
MOLYBDENUM TOXICITY IN THE RAT

Summary1. High levels of dietary molybdenum did not alter ability of rat to acetylate p-aminobenzoic acid or to conjugate benzoic acid with glycine. 2. A depression of food intake and growth was evident within 24 hours after addition of 0.12% molybdenum to the diet. 3. Liver alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in molybdenum-toxic rats whereas the activities of the kidney and intestinal alkaline phosphatases were significantly reduced.
End of life in pediatric oncology: how clinical practice leads to research.

Abstract In pediatric oncology nursing, and across practice disciplines in general, clinical research serves as the cornerstone for improving patient care. Historically, advances made in the care and cure of childhood cancer have stemmed directly from clinical research. The development of new research questions are varied in their origin—some questions are based on previous work that leads logically to the next question, some are based on a clinical problem that requires more immediate attention, and then there are those that arise from an individual clinical experience. This last category provides clinicians with a poignant reason to search for answers on how to provide the most optimal care for all future patients. As the number of advanced practice nurses in pediatric oncology increases, there is the likelihood of an increased pursuit of clinical research. This article describes how one clinician's experience with dying children resulted in the pursuit of answers to clinical research questions. By reflecting on clinical practice and incorporating our practice in the development of research questions, we can improve the quality of care provided to all children with cancer.
Yield, quality, and concentration of seven heavy metals in cabbage and broccoli grown in sewage sludge and chicken manure amended soil.

The mobility of heavy metals from soil into the food chain and their subsequent bioaccumulation has increased the attention they receive as major environmental pollutants. The objectives of this investigation were to: i) study the impact of mixing native agricultural soil with municipal sewage sludge (SS) or chicken manure (CM) on yield and quality of cabbage and broccoli, ii) quantify the concentration of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Mo, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) in soil amended with SS or CM, and iii) determine bioavailability of heavy metals to cabbage leaves and broccoli heads at harvest. Analysis of the two soil amendments used in this investigation indicated that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb, and organic matter content were significantly greater (P 1 for Zn and Mo. Elevated Ni and Mo bioaccumulation factor (BAF >1) of cabbage grown in chicken manure mixed soil is a characteristic that would be less favorable when cabbage is grown on sites having high concentrations of these two metals.
Elementary embeddings of fields of power series

Abstract Let K be a field of characteristic 0 and let Q = K((t)) be the field of formal Laurent series with coefficients in K. Let ∗ K and ∗ Q be obtained from K and Q by means of a nontrivial ultrapower construction. Then the elements of ∗ Q are “Laurent series” with subscripts in the corresponding nonstandard integers and coefficients in ∗ K . We show that the field of ordinary Laurent series with coefficients in ∗ K can be embedded in ∗ Q elementarily, consistently with the natural embedding of Q in ∗ Q . As an application we derive an algebraic result due originally to M. J. Greenberg.
Occurrence of random and directional movements in the periwinkle,Littorina littorea (L.)☆

Abstract Intertidal zonation of Littorina littorea (L.), an intertidal herbivorous gastropod, is believed to be behaviorally maintained by a variety of environmental cues. Laboratory experiments confirm that periwinkles from Long Island Sound are geotactic, and phototactic, and are strongly directional in movement. Snails, observed under natural conditions and marked without removing them from the surface, were found to move randomly. Field experiments suggest that directional movement by L. littorea is initiated by dislodgement and is modified by the snail's intertidal origin and placement, and the orientation of the beach.
Design theory for rotary heat and mass exchangers—II. Effective n ess-number-of-transferunits method for rotary heat and mass exchangers

Abstract Analytical performance correlations for rotary heat and mass exchangers with infinite transfer coefficients have been presented in part I. A finite-difference model for performance prediction of rotary dehumidifiers with finite transfer coefficients is used in combination with the ideal dehumidifier model to establish effectiveness correlations. Correlations for the humidity and enthalpy effectiveness for silica gel regenerators are given as functions of the dehumidifier number of transfer units (NTU). An Effectiveness-NTU model, incorporating the correlations for the effectiveness and ideal dehumidifier performance, allows rapid calculation of the dehumidifier performance. The correlations are valid for a wide range of operating conditions and account for the effect of unbalanced flow and high Lewis numbers.
Effects of Improved Near-Wall Modeling on Micro-Particle Deposition in Oral Airway Geometries

Direct Lagrangian particle tracking provides an effective method for simulating micro-aerosol deposition in the upper respiratory airways. However, Xi and Longest [1] have shown that errors occurred in the predicted deposition rates of smaller particles in comparison to measurements. Matida et al. [2] attributed a similar discrepancy to the assumption of isotropic turbulent fluctuations near the wall. Matida et al. [2] implemented a near-wall anisotropic turbulence model and reported significantly improved agreement with experimental data. Longest and Xi [3] investigated nanoparticle deposition in oral airway models and showed that a Lagrangian transport model with a user-defined near-wall interpolation (NWI) algorithm provided an effective approach to accurately predict deposition in comparison to available experimental results. It is proposed that implementing both an anisotropic turbulence model with a NWI routine may further improve agreement between numerical and experimental results. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect both near-wall anisotropic and interpolation models on regional deposition values in the oral airway geometry. Comparisons will be made to available in vitro test results. Models considered will include (1) the anisotropic correction only, and (2) anisotropic and NWI routines.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
RFID and the cash-to-cash cycle

The literature has documented retailer interest in the deployment of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology as a means of attaining increased returns on investment through incremental improvements in supply chain activities. In this paper, we argue that singular, inherent characteristics of RFID also support a radical improvement in retailer cash-to-cash cycles to the detriment of supplier cash-to-cash cycles, for retailers that mandate the strategic use of RFID-tagged consignment inventory.
Methylaluminoxane as a Reducing Agent for Activators Generated by Electron Transfer ATRP

Activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) was carried out in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a new reducing agent for Cu(II) complexes. The molecular weights of the produced poly(nBA) increased with nBA conversions with low polydispersities (∼1.2) and they were close to the theoretical values. The polymerization proceeded successfully using five‐fold excess of MAO over Cu(II) complex. UV‐VIS measurements confirmed that MAO reduced the Cu(II) complex. When the mixture of MAO was monitored by UV‐VIS spectroscopy, a decrease of the peak absorbing at 950 nm attributed to CuCl2/tri(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) complex in N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature was observed as soon as MAO was added.
A mechanism for transgranular stress-corrosion cracking

Analysis of load and current transients accompanying discontinuous transgranular stress corrosion cracking (T-SSC) are analyzed in light of fractographic evidence, resulting in a model for T-SCC which involves corrosion-enhanced cleavage. The model accounts for the crystallography and microstructural features of the resulting fracture, the orientation dependence of the fracture process, and the role of the electrochemical/alloy environment.
Anomalous on-orbit behaviour of the NASA Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) Dewar

A brief summary of the nominal cryogenic performance of the Dewar is presented, with emphasis on several aspects of the helium and spacecraft dynamical behavior. The occurrence of temperature and pressure oscillators in the Dewar porous plug is examined. The impact of the internal instrument malfunctions and of external radiation sources on the performance of the Dewar and of the instruments is reviewed. From measurements of the COBE spacecraft spin rate, the spin coupling of the liquid helium to the walls of the Dewar was monitored. The spin measurements are analyzed and a model for the coupling is presented. A number of 'lessons learned' from the COBE mission are reviewed, and the applicability of these lessons to future missions involving cryogenic payloads is addressed.
Computational approaches to understanding dendritic cell responses to influenza virus infection

The evolution of immunology research from measurements of single entities to large-scale data-intensive assays necessitates the integration of experimental work with bioinformatics and computational approaches. The introduction of physics into immunology has led to the study of new phenomena, such as cellular noise, which is likely to prove increasingly important to understand immune system responses. The fusion of “hard science” and biology is also leading to a re-examination of data acquisition, analysis, and statistical validation and is resulting in the development of easy-to-access tools for immunology research. Here, we review some of our models, computational tools, and results related to studies of the innate immune response of human dendritic cells to viral infection. Our project functions on an open model across institutions with electronic record keeping and public sharing of data. Our tools, models, and data can be accessed at http://tsb.mssm.edu/primeportal/ .
Hydroseismicity—A hypothesis for the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity

A new hypothesis, termed hydroseismicity, suggests that in crustal volumes with fracture permeability, natural increases in hydraulic head caused by transient increases in the elevation of the water table in recharge areas of groundwater basins can be transmitted to depths of 10–20 km and thereby trigger earthquakes. The flow-path geometry resembles, except for scale, the model familiar to groundwater hydrologists for near-surface flow. Possible trigger mechanisms for hydroseismicity include small increases in fluid pressure at hypocentral depths caused by such transient increases, the dissolution of minerals in water, and the solubility of water in minerals (hydrolytic weakening) that leads to structural weakening. A change in water level of less than 1 m (
Habitat shift and geographical variation in North American tanagers (Thraupinae: Piranga)

Relationships of habitat structure among North American tanagers were studied in large areas of their breeding ranges in the USA. In the large areas sampled, the four species differ significantly in multivariate scores of habitat structure. In Scarlet and Summer Tanagers (for which the most data was collected) there is intraspecific geographical variation in habitat features. Variation in habitats of Summer Tanagers is more pronounced than that of Scarlet Tanagers, and is related to changes of macrohabitats in low elevations from oak-pine and mixed woods in the southeast to riparian vegetation in the dry southwest. In the southeast these two species often breed in the same localities, and establish territories next to each other. In six localities in which I found both of them, the difference between the two species in habitat structure is significantly greater than in allopatric areas in the southeast. These results, and those of another study on song variation and behavioral responses to song suggest that coexistence of Scarlet and Summer Tanagers in sympatry can be explained both by partial habitat shift, and by interspecific aggressive division of space. It is concluded that quantitative sampling of habitats in large areas of distributional ranges of species is needed before any conclusions on species-specific preference and interspecific competition can be made.
Four-Wave Mixing and Two-Photon Interference in a Three-Level Atomic Ensemble

Interference of degenerate four-wave mixing in a three-level atomic ensemble is studied in both classical and quantum regimes. Biphoton interference shows photon anti-bunching or bunching effect under different situations.
Overview of System Identification for Power Systems from Measured Responses1

Abstract Large interconnected power systems are arguably some of the most complicated man-made systems to understand and to characterize. The scale of the problem is immense, involving large numbers of generators, controllers, and transmission lines covering millions of square kilometers. Measurement technology has reached a point where Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are being widely installed in power systems all over the world. These devices provide time synchronized (via GPS) phasor measurements from throughout the power grid to Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) at power system control centers. These time series can be used to better characterize the system and hopefully, in the long term, to better control the system. This paper presents a tutorial on estimating power system characteristics from measured responses. About a given operating point, power system low-frequency dynamics are well modeled as a high-order, multi-input, multi-output linear system. Of primary interest is the estimation of the inter-area electromechanical modes of the system. These inter-area modes involve generators from one area of the system oscillating against generators in another area of the system. The modes are characterized by their frequency, damping, and shape. In August 1996, the western United States experienced a massive wide spread black out caused by an unstable inter-area mode, involving generators in the north swinging against generators in the south. This paper overviews the problem and examines several methods of estimating the electromechanical modes under different signal conditions. Several real-world examples are given for estimating the electromechanical modes from ambient, transient, or probing situations. When the system is probed, more general state-space and transfer-function models are estimated. Probing a power system with known inputs is challenging and is discussed in this paper. Estimation performance issues are also discussed.
Simulation of large strain plastic deformation and texture evolution in high density polyethylene

Abstract A micromechanically based composite model which we have recently proposed is employed to study large plastic deformation and texture evolution in initially isotropic high density polyethylene (HDPE) under different modes of straining. Attention is focused on the macroscopic stress-strain response and the evolution of crystallographic, morphological and macromolecular textures in HDPE subject to uniaxial tension and compression, simple shear and plane strain compression. Comparison of the predicted results with experimental observations (e.g. stress-strain measurements, wide-angle X-ray scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering studies of deformed material) shows excellent agreement in nearly all respects.
Ironing out a new siderophore synthesis strategy.

Under iron-depleted conditions, bacteria produce siderophores that bind iron and are then actively taken up by the cell. New structural and biochemical insights are reported for the synthetic pathway of achromobactin, a siderophore from the plant pathogen Pectobacterium chrysanthemi.
Memory access optimized routing scheme for deep networks on a mobile coprocessor

In this paper, we present a memory access optimized routing scheme for a hardware accelerated real-time implementation of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) on a mobile platform. DCNNs consist of multiple layers of 3D convolutions, each comprising between tens and hundreds of filters and they generate the most expensive operations in DCNNs. Systems that run DCNNs need to pass 3D input maps to the hardware accelerators for convolutions and they face the limitation of streaming data in and out of the hardware accelerator. The bandwidth limited systems require data reuse to utilize computational resources efficiently. We propose a new routing scheme for 3D convolutions by taking advantage of the characteristic of DCNNs to fully utilize all the resources in the hardware accelerator. This routing scheme is implemented on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 All Programmable SoC. The system fully explores weight level and node level parallelization of DCNNs and achieves a peak performance 2x better than the previous routing scheme while running DCNNs.
Terrain estimation for high-speed rough-terrain autonomous vehicle navigation

High-speed unmanned ground vehicles have important potential applications, including reconnaissance, material transport, and planetary exploration. During high-speed operation, it is important for a vehicle to sense changing terrain conditions, and modify its control strategies to ensure aggressive, yet safe, operation. In this paper, a framework for terrain characterization and identification is briefly described, composed of 1) vision-based classification of upcoming terrain, 2) terrain parameter identification via wheel-terrain interaction analysis, and 3) terrain classification based on auditory wheel-terrain contact signatures. The parameter identification algorithm is presented in detail. The algorithm derives from simplified forms of classical terramechanics equations. An on-line estimator is developed to allow rapid identification of critical terrain parameters. Simulation and experimental results show that the terrain estimation algorithm can accurately and efficiently identify key terrain parameters for sand.
Developmentally Appropriate Technology Use and Early Childhood Teacher Education

Early childhood teacher education methods classes often emphasize the application of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP). In today's digital age, it is important for teacher educators and their students to think about how to extend DAP to technology use. In this article, two contrasting classroom scenarios are provided to illustrate developmentally appropriate technology use (DATU), a new educational term coined by the authors. Briefly, DATU is defined as use that both respects the unique challenges presented by children's levels of development and capitalizes on children's natural desire to actively, collaboratively construct knowledge and solve problems. A five-element framework for guiding teachers toward DATU is explained.
Alkyl-methylimidazolium ionic liquids affect the growth and fermentative metabolism of Clostridium sp.

Abstract In this study, the effect of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][Ac], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP], and 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate [MMIM][DMP] on the growth and glucose fermentation of Clostridium sp. was investigated. Among the three ionic liquids tested, [MMIM][DMP] was found to be least toxic. Growth of Clostridium sp. was not inhibited up to 2.5, 4 and 4 g L−1 of [EMIM][Ac], [EMIM][DEP] and [MMIM][DMP], respectively. [EMIM][Ac] at
Immune complex disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis.

We describe a patient with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis. The patient required hemodialysis and has residual hypertension. This case implicates acute EBV infection as a cause of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephitis.
Characteristics of long-term botulinum neurotoxin injections and continuation of care at a major medical center

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) have been approved for cervical dystonia (CD) for years, but data are needed to optimize long-term response and ensure access to care. We studied injection characteristics used from 1997–2006 at a US medical center with 6 movement disorders specialists. Toxin brand and dose were extracted for each injection of 70 patients selected randomly from 323 CD patients. A phone interview was conducted to determine the reasons for discontinuation. 65 (93%) had received at least one BoNT injection (15 M, 50 F, average age 48). Treatment was initiated with: Botox ® 63, Dysport ® 1 (clinical trial), and Myobloc ® 1. Of 63 patients who began with Botox ® , 21 switched to Myobloc ® ; of those, 10 switched back to Botox ® . The average number of injections received was 14 (range: 1–39). Average starting dose of Botox ® was 237 U; dose peaked on the fifth injection cycle at 285 U. 75% were still receiving BoNT treatment at the center. Reasons for BoNT discontinuation were inadequate insurance coverage (24%), side effects (9%), inconvenient travel (9%), remission (5%) and positive antibody test (5%). Our results show CD patients can benefit from BoNT injections for many years and the most common reasons for discontinuing treatment are unrelated to diminished therapeutic effect. Advocating for reimbursement policies that ensure patient access is the single most important step to improve the care of CD in the US. Supported by an unrestricted research grant from Allergan.
Ambient background particulate composition, outdoor natural background: interferents/clutter

It has proven a very difficult task to discriminate an actual BW threat from the natural occurring ambient particulate aerosol, which includes a significant fraction of particles consisting of mixed mineral and biological material. The interferent particles [clutter] (bio and non bio) concentration varies widely both by location, weather and season and diurnally. Naturally occurring background particulates are composed of fungal and bacterial spores both fragments and components, plant fragments and debris, animal fragments and debris, all of which may be associated with inert dust or combustion material. Some or all of which could also be considered to be an interferent to a biological warfare detector and cause these biodector systems to cause False Alarms by non specific BW bio detectors. I will share analysis of current long term background data sets.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Androgen blockade enhances response to melanoma vaccine.

Abstract Background. Because preclinical studies suggest an interaction between androgens and the immune system, we used a murine model to determine whether androgen blockade with flutamide might enhance the immunogenicity of an irradiated melanoma cell vaccine. Materials and methods. Forty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: flutamide + RPMI (Group A), flutamide + irradiated B16 murine melanoma cells (Group B), placebo + RPMI (Group C), and placebo + irradiated B16 cells (Group D). Splenocyte proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma were assayed after coculturing splenocytes with irradiated B16 cells. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against B16 cells was determined using peripheral blood lymphocytes. To examine the effect of treatment on tumor growth, a second set of 40 mice assigned to Groups A, B, C, and D underwent tumor challenge 7 days after the last treatment. Results. Splenocyte proliferation was significantly higher in the two groups receiving flutamide at 50 mg/kg × 7 days (29% in Groups A and B vs 3% in Group C and 7% in Group D). Secretion of interferon was significantly higher in mice receiving flutamide + irradiated B16 cells (15.2 pg/ml in Group B vs 0, 1.7, and 4 pg/ml in Groups A, C, and D, respectively; P = 0.0024). Differences in interleukin secretion were not significant. ADCC was 26% in Group B vs 15, 8, and 22% in Groups A, C, and D, respectively ( P = 0.0001). In the tumor challenge experiment, the rate of survival was 10% higher in mice receiving irradiated B16 + flutamide than in mice receiving irradiated B16 alone. Conclusion. Flutamide can enhance immune responses to an irradiated whole-cell melanoma vaccine. A clinical study of immunotherapeutic androgen blockade is warranted.
Inhibitory effects of bile acids on adenosine triphosphatase, oxygen consumption, and the transport and diffusion of water-soluble substances in the small intestine of the rat

Abstract Physiological concentrations of conjugated bile acids inhibit the active transport of sodium, adenosine triphosphatase, oxygen consumption, and the diffusion of sorbose and urea in the upper intestine of the rat, but do not affect the diffusion of urea in the ileum. A possible mechanism for the action of conjugated bile salts on the transport and metabolism of water-soluble nutrients in the intestine is suggested.
Bioassay-guided isolation of aldose reductase inhibitors from Artemisia dracunculus

An ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. having antidiabetic activity was examined as a possible aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, a key enzyme involved in diabetic complications. At 3.75 microg/mL, the total extract inhibited ALR2 activity by 40%, while quercitrin, a known ALR2 inhibitor, inhibited its activity by 54%. Bioactivity guided fractionation and isolation of the compounds that inhibit ALR2 activity was carried out with the total ethanolic extract yielding four bioactive compounds with ALR2 inhibitory activity ranging from 58% to 77% at 3.75 microg/mL. Using LC/MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, the four compounds were identified as 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, davidigenin, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone. This is the first report on their isolation from A. dracunculus and the ALR2 inhibitory activity of 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone. These results suggest a use of the extract of A. dracunculus for ameliorating diabetic complications.
A Politically Liberal Conception of Civic Education

Liberal political theory is widely believed to be an inadequate source of civic commitment and thus of civic education primarily because of its commitment to what is perceived as a pervasive individualism. In this paper, I explore the possibility that John Rawls’s later political philosophy may provide a response to this belief. I first articulate a conception of liberal politics derived from Rawls’s idea of reflective equilibrium that generates an overlapping consensus about political principles among those who hold a wide variety of cultural and personal conceptions of the good. Next I develop the aims for civic education in a society that employs such a politics. Then I suggest the elements of the public school curriculum appropriate for such a civic education, including a robust multicultural education, intellectual reflection on the society’s history, and philosophical training that enables children to understand the events and policies of their nation as following from general political principles. I also consider the kinds of classroom practice that seem necessary to provide the motivation to engage in the process of the emergence of an overlapping consensus, including opportunities to develop and to reflect on the principles that may be included in the current consensus and to understand the way in which those principles relate to children’s developing conceptions of the good. Finally, I compare this conception of civic education to those of other liberal theorists.
Chorus-related electrostatic bursts in the earth's outer magnetosphere

Studies of wideband plasma wave data from the ISEE 1 and ISEE 2 spacecraft are reported which reveal that whistler-mode chorus emissions in the earth's outer magnetosphere are often accompanied by high-frequency bursts of electrostatic noise. The chorus features that correlate to the electrostatic bursts have a hook-like frequency-time variation in the frequency range 200-400 Hz, and the associated electrostatic bursts have a frequency range of about 4-8 kHz. In some cases these electrostatic bursts have a harmonic frequency structure with a frequency spacing corresponding to the chorus frequency. This harmonic structure apparently results from the fact that the burst intensity is modulated at the chorus frequency.
Evolutionary pressures on primate intertemporal choice

From finding food to choosing mates, animals must make intertemporal choices that involve fitness benefits available at different times. Species vary dramatically in their willingness to wait for delayed rewards. Why does this variation across species exist? An adaptive approach to intertemporal choice suggests that time preferences should reflect the temporal problems faced in a species's environment. Here, I use phylogenetic regression to test whether allometric factors relating to body size, relative brain size and social group size predict how long 13 primate species will wait in laboratory intertemporal choice tasks. Controlling for phylogeny, a composite allometric factor that includes body mass, absolute brain size, lifespan and home range size predicted waiting times, but relative brain size and social group size did not. These findings support the notion that selective pressures have sculpted intertemporal choices to solve adaptive problems faced by animals. Collecting these types of data across a large number of species can provide key insights into the evolution of decision making and cognition.
The Basics Of Leadership: Understanding Leadership Attribute Assessment And Development

This exploratory study of leadership as a social-psychological process identifies and measures the perceived level of critical attributes that must be held by the leader in order for the leadership process to be effective. Leadership research literature was reviewed to discover the twelve most commonly agreed to primary attributes. Attributes were analyzed and categorically assigned as having either a cognitive or an affective basis of development. Data was collected and analyzed relative to the perceived level of effectiveness of each attribute by the leader and the group involved in the process. Qualified conclusions and recommendations for further are included.
The OSMOSIS optical packet switch for supercomputers

We describe the OSMOSIS project from requirements through realization, in which IBM research and Corning Inc. completed the 64 port at 40 Gbps/port demonstrator hardware for what we believe is the world's first true optical packet switch.
Paleoenvironments and Paleoecology of a Lower Triassic Invertebrate and Vertebrate Ichnoassemblage from the Red Peak Formation (Chugwater Group), Central Wyoming

The Lower Triassic Red Peak Formation of the Chugwater Group has long been considered to have an extremely poor paleontological record, although the cause for the apparent dearth of fossils has yet to be been determined. During the course of fieldwork in central Wyoming numerous vertebrate and invertebrate ichnogenera (n ≥ 11) were observed. Vertebrate tracks and trackways representative of dinosauromorph, archosaur, lepidosaur, and testudinate trackmakers were found (cf. Rotodactylus, Chirotherium barthii, Rhynchosauroides, and cf. Chelonipus respectively). An invertebrate ichnoassemblage composed of at least 6 ichnogenera consistent with the Scoyenia ichnofacies were also found (e.g., Diplichnites, Lockeia, Fuersichnus communis, Palaeophycus striatus, cf. Scoyenia, and cf. Scolicia). The majority of these tracks and traces were found in the upper platy facies (upper 10–20 m of the of the Red Peak Formation), which is thought to be no younger than upper Spathian in age. Sedimentary structures, architectural elements, and lateral stratigraphic relationships support the interpretation of floodplain, fluvial, and lacustrine deposition for the upper platy facies in central Wyoming. The Red Peak Formation vertebrate and invertebrate ichnoassemblages, along with their associated depositional environments, are consistent with a fluviolacustrine (continental) setting comparable to those described from Lower to Middle Triassic strata with a Pangean distribution, including the Moenkopi Formation in the southwestern United States. This ichnoassemblage provides the first opportunity to observe paleoecological diversity and associated paleoenvironments within the Lower Triassic of the Chugwater Group.