cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moderated 252Cf neutron energy spectra in brain tissue and calculated boron neutron capture dose.

Abstract While there is significant clinical experience using both low- and high-dose 252 Cf brachytherapy, combination therapy using 10 B for neutron capture therapy-enhanced 252 Cf brachytherapy has not been performed. Monte Carlo calculations were performed in a brain phantom (ICRU 44 brain tissue) to evaluate the dose enhancement predicted for a range of 10 B concentrations over a range of distances from a clinical 252 Cf source. These results were compared to experimental measurements and calculations published in the literature. For 10 B concentrations ⩽50 μg/g, the 10 B neutron capture dose enhancement was small in comparison to the 252 Cf fast neutron dose.
Healing of reimplanted freeze-treated maxillary bone.

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate bone healing and revascularization associated with resecting, freezing, and reimplanting the total maxilla. Remodeling was variable. Some maxillas totally sloughed, whereas others healed in part, with only local areas of bone necrosis.
Negotiating national action: Free trade, constitutional debate and the gendered geopolitics of Canada

Abstract This paper concerns the ways in which a Canadian feminist organization, the National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC), has negotiated and contested the boundaries dividing a masculinist public sphere from the personal lives of women in contemporary Canada. NAC has highlighted the material effects on women of the metaphorical but masculinist boundaries to national public life in the modern state. In its struggle against free trade, NAC demonstrated how a feminist organization could overcome such boundaries and intervene to shape a national public debate by highlighting how trade liberalization and neoliberal restructuring would affect the personal lives of Canadian women. Likewise, with its interventions into the constitutional debates, NAC has shown how attention to women's experience and oppression can serve to displace the ‘big-picture’ politics of nation-framing. These interventions have served to thematize the gendering of geopolitics in a particularly practical way, a way that displaces a solely representational and identitarian understanding of academic critical geopolitics. Furthermore, they indicate how, in contrast to the pretended purity of an academic poetics of metaphorical space, negotiations of the metaphorical/material spaces of the modern nation by feminist activists involve difficult on-going negotiations with structures and spaces of exclusionary violence.
Epitaxial Ge layers on Si via Ge x Si 1−x O 2 reduction: the roles of the hydrogen partial pressure and the Ge content

The epitaxial growth of an epi-Ge layer via GexSi1-xO2 reduction in hydrogen annealing is reported. GexSi+1-x alloys with x = 0.52 and 0.82 were first grown epitaxially on Si substrates. They were then oxidized in a wet ambient and subsequently annealed in 5% or 100% H2. The reduction of Ge from its oxide state is observed in both samples with both ambients. However, an epitaxial Ge growth is only observed in the sample with x = 0.82 after the 5% H2 annealing. The other three cases result in the formation of polycrystalline Ge. The roles of the hydrogen partial pressure and the Ge content are discussed and conditions under which this novel mode of solid-phase epitaxy can occur are explained.
The Src family kinases and protein kinase C synergize to mediate Gq-dependent platelet activation.

The Src family kinases (SFKs) play essential roles in collagen- and von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated platelet activation. However, the roles of SFKs in G protein-coupled receptor-mediated platelet activation and the molecular mechanisms whereby SFKs are activated by G protein-coupled receptor stimulation are not fully understood. Here we show that the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 4 agonist peptide AYPGKF elicited SFK phosphorylation in P2Y12 deficient platelets but stimulated minimal SFK phosphorylation in platelets lacking Gq. We have previously shown that thrombin-induced SFK phosphorylation was inhibited by the calcium chelator 5,5′-dimethyl-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (dimethyl-BAPTA). The calcium ionophore A23187 induced SFK phosphorylation in both wild-type and Gq deficient platelets. Together, these results indicate that SFK phosphorylation in response to thrombin receptor stimulation is downstream from Gq/Ca2+ signaling. Moreover, A23187-induced thromboxane A2 synthesis, platelet aggregation, and secretion were inhibited by preincubation of platelets with a selective SFK inhibitor, PP2. AYPGKF-induced thromboxane A2 production in wild-type and P2Y12 deficient platelets was abolished by PP2, and AYPGKF-mediated P-selectin expression, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and aggregation of P2Y12 deficient platelets were partially inhibited by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220, PP2, dimethyl-BAPTA, or LY294002, but were abolished by Ro-31-8220 plus PP2, dimethyl-BAPTA, or LY294002. These data indicate that Ca2+/SFKs/PI3K and PKC represent two alternative signaling pathways mediating Gq-dependent platelet activation.
Progestational function of perifused rat corpora lutea.

Corpora lutea (CL) from synchronously ovulated, prepubertal rats remained viable inperifusing Eagle medium (Dulbecco modified) flowing at a rate of 6 ml/hr. As an index of viability, progesterone (P) and 20∞-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3-one (20∞-OH-P) were determined by radioimmunoassay in effluent media. Corpora lutea removed on the 2nd day of diestrus (D-2) or the 2nd day of pseudopregnancy (PP-2) showed fatigue by a continuous decline in the concentrations of effluent progestins. Pdecreased from 2 to 0.2 ng/ml/CL during an interval of 5 hr, while 20∞-OH-P decreased from 2.2 to about 0.7 ng/ml/CL. In contrast, corpora lutea taken on PP-4 maintained higher progestin levels in the effluent media. Ppresent initially at 2.2 ng/ml/CL decreased to 0.73 ng/ml/ CL; 20∞-OH-P, initial concentration 0.84 ng/ml/CL, decreased to 0.41 ng/ml/CL. The greater functionality of PP-4 CL indicated by the continued predominance of P, suggested an in vivo imposition of a luteotropic stimulus occurring after PP-2. Addition of bovine L...
Field Evidence for Co-Metabolism of Trichloroethene Stimulated by Addition of Electron Donor to Groundwater

For more than 10 years, electron donor has been injected into the Snake River aquifer beneath the Test Area North site of the Idaho National Laboratory for the purpose of stimulating microbial redu...
Detecting compact binary coalescences with seedless clustering

Compact binary coalescences are a promising source of gravitational waves for second-generation interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Although matched filtering is the optimal search method for well-modeled systems, alternative detection strategies can be used to guard against theoretical errors (e.g., involving new physics and/or assumptions about spin or eccentricity) while providing a measure of redundancy. In a previous paper, we showed how “seedless clustering” can be used to detect long-lived gravitational-wave transients in both targeted and all-sky searches. In this paper, we apply seedless clustering to the problem of low-mass (M_total≤10M_⊙) compact binary coalescences for both spinning and eccentric systems. We show that seedless clustering provides a robust and computationally efficient method for detecting low-mass compact binaries.
Partitioning and placement for buildable QCA circuits

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a novel computing mechanism that can represent binary information based on spatial distribution of an electron charge configuration in chemical molecules. In this article, we present the first partitioning and placement algorithm for automatic QCA layout. We identify several objectives and constraints that will enhance the buildability of QCA circuits. The results are intended to: (1) define what is computationally interesting and could actually be built within a set of predefined constraints, (2) project what designs will be possible as additional constructs become realizable, and (3) provide a vehicle that we can use to compare QCA systems to silicon-based systems.
Dual Regulation of M-Type K+ Channels by AKAP79/150 Signaling Complexes

M-type K+ channels, comprised of KCNQ2-5 (Kv7.2-7.5) subunits, play key roles in the regulation of neuronal excitability. We study the regulation of M-channel activity and transcriptional expression by A-kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP)79/150. Our FRET and functional studies suggest AKAP79/150 action correlates with the PIP2-depletion mode of neuronal IM suppression, and is disrupted by functional calmodulin. The modulation of M current involves recruitment of PKC to the channels, their subsequent phosphorylation, and likely decreased affinity for PIP2. The complex orchestrated by AKAP79/150 also includes M1 muscarinic receptors, thus constituting a “signalosome” spanning the initiating receptor to channel target. We have discovered a novel mechanism regulating KCNQ2/3 transcriptional expression by neuronal activity, involving calcineurin and Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factors, orchestrated by AKAP79/150. The signal requires Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels and both local and global Ca2+ elevations. AKAP79/150 and the complex it organizes thus mediate activity-dependent M-channel transcription, which may potentially serve throughout the nervous system to limit over-excitability associated with disease states such as epilepsy. We are now utilizing stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) offering sub-diffraction (∼20 nm) resolution, to directly visualize these AKAP79/150 signaling complexes and interactions between AKAP79/150, ion channels and receptors in neurons. STORM uses dyes that can cycle between a dark and a fluorescent state thousands of times, thus enabling detection of the precise localization of the center of these scattered spots given by cumulative integration of each cycle. Using multi-color STORM to simultaneously image AKAP150, KCNQ2-3 or KCNQ5 channels, and receptors, we observe AKAP150 to form signaling clusters with the channels and receptors at the single-complex level. We have also obtained evidence that AKAP79/150 links different channel types together, raising the possibility of their functional, as well as physical, coupling.
Inhibition of Spores of Clostridium spp. by Sodium Nitrite

Summary. Sodium nitrite heated in a laboratory medium was more inhibitory to spores of Clostridium spp. than nitrite added as a filter-sterilized solution to the same medium. Most spores remained refractile after inhibition for >3 months and some proved viable when inoculated into fresh nitrite-free medium. The inhibitory activity of heated nitrite medium was not stable indefinitely, growth sometimes occurred on re-inoculation with vegetative cells.
Sex, Task, and Behavioral Flexibility Effects on Leadership Perceptions.

The effects of sex and behavioral flexibility on leader perceptions were examined in small groups performing under two task conditions. We predicted, based on theory and previous empirical research, that leadership perceptions would be higher for: (1) persons higher in three indicators of behavioral flexibility (self-monitoring, self-reported behavioral capabilities, and androgyny), (2) males in general, and (3) tasks that were sex-congruent. Results showed significant, strong support for behavioral flexibility and sex effects and weak support for the effects of sex-congruent tasks. Exploratory analyses showed thatperceivedtarget capabilities mediated the effects of sex and behavioral flexibility. The discussion is organized around a theoretical model which suggests that target behavior and sex-based cues leading to leader categorization are in part mediated by inferred target capabilities. These capabilities show parallels to leadership-relevant traits such as masculinity, dominance, extroversion, and adjustment, identified in early leadership research.
The theoretical description of the (ππ*) excited states of ethylene

It is shown that the excited singlet (ππ*) state (V) of planar ethylene in both the Hartree-Fock and π-electron configuration interaction descriptions is quite diffuse. The extent of the π*-orbital in the π-direction as measured by 〈z2〉 is 42 a2o in the V state as compared to 2.7 a2o in the corresponding triplet state (T). In addition, we find that the Hartree-Fock vertical excitation energy for the V state is 7.42 eV as compared to the experimental value of 7.6 eV.
Oxidation of myoglobin in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes by 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid

The oxidation of intracellular myoglobin by 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid was studied in suspensions of isolated adult rat heart cells. Myoglobin was converted to a species identified as ferrylMb by its reaction with Na2S to form ferrous sulfmyoglobin. This process was time-dependent and concentration-dependent in a manner consistent with direct accessibility of the exogenous peroxide to the cytosolic protein. The results indicate that myoglobin oxidation may be an early sign of oxidative injury and may limit myocardial function by elimination of this short-term O2 reserve.
Sorting of H,K‐ATPase β‐Subunit in MDCK and LLC‐PK1 Cells is Independent of μ1B Adaptin Expression

The cytoplasmic tail of the H,K-ATPase β-subunit contains a putative tyrosine-based motif that directs the β-subunit's basolateral sorting when it is expressed in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. When expressed in LLC-PK1 cells, however, the β-subunit is localized to the apical membrane. Several proteins that contain tyrosine-based motifs, including the low-density lipoprotein and transferrin receptors, show a similar sorting ‘defect’ when expressed in LLC-PK1 cells. For low-density lipoprotein and transferrin receptors, this behavior is due to the differential expression of the μ1B subunit of the AP-1B clathrin adaptor complex. μ1B is expressed by MDCK cells, but not LLC-PK1 cells, and transfection of μ1B into LLC-PK1 cells restores basolateral localization of low-density lipoprotein and transferrin receptors. For the β-subunit, however, μ1B expression in LLC-PK1 cells does not induce its basolateral expression. We found that the β-subunit interacts with both μ1B and μ1A in vitro and in vivo. The capacity to participate in a μ1B interaction therefore is not sufficient to program the β-subunit's basolateral localization in MDCK cells. Our data suggest that the H,K-ATPase β-subunit's basolateral sorting signal is either masked in certain epithelial cells, or requires an interaction with sorting machinery other than AP-1B for delivery to the basolateral plasma membrane.
Retinoyl Beta-Glucuronic Acid: A Major Metabolite of Vitamin A in Rat Bile

The major metabolite in rat bile of injected C 14 -retinoic acid was purified by ion-exchange and silicic acid chromatography; it has the spectrum of methyl retinoate, releases retinoic acid upon basic hydrolysis or by treatment with β-glucuronidase, and contains glucuronic acid. The metabolite was characterized by treatment with diazomethane followed by hexamethyl-disilazane, or with periodate followed by semicarbazide, and the products were chromatographed. The metabolite has been tentatively identified as retinoyl β-glucuronide.
Control of endocardial cushion and cardiac valve maturation by BMP signaling pathways

Congenital heart defects, the leading cause of deaths from birth defects, are estimated to occur in close to 1% of live newborns. Among these, abnormal septation of the heart and valve anomalies are the most frequent forms. Despite progress defining several genes involved in normal heart development, we still have a limited understanding of the signaling pathways involved in morphogenesis of the outflow tract (OFT) and, to date, very few genes have been identified that are responsible for defects in humans. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathways are emerging as vital regulators of multiple aspects of cardiogenesis, including the septation of the OFT and valve maturation. Genetic and other in vivo evidence is now supporting the role for BMPs as inducers of endocardial cushion epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation that was suggested by in vitro explant studies as well as by their patterns of expression in the developing heart. Here, we review briefly the in vitro data, and detail the novel mouse models where perturbed BMP signaling pathways result in impaired OFT septation and semilunar valvulogenesis. We propose that growth of the OFT valve cushions is regulated by the level of BMP signaling, under the control of other signaling pathways.
Immunogenetic and oncogenic properties of rat trophoblast cell lines.

PROBLEM: The nature of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression on rat placentas, trophoblast cell lines, and tumors derived from trophoblast cells was explored. METHOD OF STUDY: Cytohistochemical and flow cytometric analysis and molecular techniques. RESULTS: MHC antigen expression and genomic imprinting on the placenta and on trophoblast cells varies with the time of gestation and with the type of MHC antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is no correlation in trophoblast cells between class I expression and cell ploidy, on the one hand, and malignant potential, on the other hand. Genomic imprinting of class I antigens in the rat placenta is a quantitative phenomenon.
Predominance of glucuronidation over sulfation in metabolism of 1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene by isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract This study shows that 1-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene glucuronide and 1-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene sulfate are formed in isolated rat hepatocytes. Formation of these conjugates by hepatocytes incubated with 1-acetoxy-[G- 3 H]benzo[ a ]pyrene (100 μM) as a source of intracellular 1-hydroxy-[G- 3 H]benzo[ a ]pyrene was documented by comparison of the spectra of metabolites separated by HPLC with the spectra of 1-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene glucuronide and 1-hydroxybenzo[ a ] pyrene sulfate standards. The rates of 1-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene glucuronidation and sulfation were 7.72 ± 1.03 and 0.68 ± 0.02 nmol × mg dry wt. −1 × 30 min −1 , respectively. The rate of 1-hydroxybenzo[ a ]pyrene glucuronide production by intact cells corresponded well with the total activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(s) determined in permeabilized hepatocytes. Cryopreserved hepatocytes fully retained a high capacity to glucuronidate the benzo[ a ]pyrene phenol.
Exponential distributions in Markov chain models for communication channels

A brief history of Markov chain models for communication channels is given. One such model, the most complicated devised to date, is discussed in more detail. For this model, some statistics are presented in terms of sums of exponential functions. As an example, error free runs of two of the numerous trophospheric channels for which we have chosen parameters are studied here.
Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis: Family Reports of Adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life and Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second

Purpose. To assess the relationship between adolescent and parent reports of adolescent health-related quality of life (HRQL) and between adolescent pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second as percent of predicted) and reporter perceptions of adolescent health. Methods. Twenty-four adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), their mothers, and their fathers completed the Child Health Questionnaire during routine CF clinic visits at 2 urban hospitals. Patients were between the ages of 11 and 18 years (mean age: 14.2 years) and were predominantly male (75%). The best measure of forced expiratory volume in 1 second as percent of predicted for the year of the study was also collected for each adolescent. Results. Adolescent pulmonary function was related to the perceived adolescent physical health scales. It was not, however, associated to perceptions of adolescent emotional, social, or behavioral HRQL by any of the 3 family reporters. Associations were found between adolescent pulmonary function and self-reports of general health (0.73), role/social limitations-physical (0.47), and bodily pain (0.42). Adolescent pulmonary function was related to mother reports of adolescent general health (0.73), role/social limitations-physical (0.73), bodily pain (0.55), and physical functioning (0.70). Father perceptions of adolescent health were associated to adolescent pulmonary function on general health (0.54), role/social limitations-physical (0.60), and physical functioning (0.64). Associations between adolescent and parent perceptions of adolescent HRQL were also health scale-specific. Mother and child reports of adolescent HRQL were related on adolescent behavior problems (0.71) and role/social limitations attributable to behavior (0.48), role/social limitations attributable to physical (0.62), bodily pain (0.69), physical functioning (0.69), family activities (0.45), and general health (0.66). Associations were found between father and adolescent reports on perceived adolescent behavior problems (0.66); self-esteem (0.65); and role/social limitations attributable to physical (0.49), general health (0.61), and perceived mental health (0.48). Conclusions. Results demonstrate the need to include multiple informants and comprehensive, multidimensional measures of HRQL, in addition to pulmonary function, when assessing health in adolescents with CF.
Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study Local Control Related to Radiation Dose, Volume, and Site of Primary Lesion in Ewing's Sarcoma

One hundred ninety-three patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma treated at participating instutitions of the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study form the basis for this report. All patients received radiation therapy to the primary lesion and were randomized to receive vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) plus adriamycin (Regimen I); VAC alone (Regimen II); or VAC and bilateral pulmonary irradiation (Regimen III). Local control was achieved in 96% of the patients in Regimen I, and 86% of the patients in both Regimens II and III. The median duration of follow up was 83 weeks and median survival time was 172 weeks. Incremental doses of irradiation did not result in significant changes in the rate of local control of primary lesions. The local control rate was the same (92%) for tumors treated by means of whole-bone irradiation or with at least 5 cm of free margin around the lesion. The local control rate decreased to 79% for lesions treated with less than 5-cm margin. Excellent control was obtained for lesions involving the skull or spine (100%), and distal bones (fibula, 96% and tibia, 91%). Less favorable control rates were noted for pelvic and humeral lesions (84% and 79%, respectively). Bilateral pulmonary irradiation for subclinical disease played a role in lowering the incidence of lung metastases from 38% to 20% for patients treated with VAC. Lung metastases were similarly decreased (10%) when adriamycin was added to VAC chemotherapy.
Anthropological Advocacy in Historical Perspective: The Case of Anthropologists and Virginia Indians

This article examines the historical emergence of anthropological advocacy as a conscious pursuit through an examination of the historical activities of anthropologists working with American Indians in Virginia. Although anthropologists working with these peoples have been relatively few—in part due to the small indigenous population in the state—their contributions have been, and continue to be, significant. On the one hand, anthropological work among Virginia Indians was cultivated in a climate of skewed race relations and politics, thereby inviting a tradition of advocacy among anthropologists working on behalf of indigenous rights in the state. Thus, while there has always been an anthropological tradition emphasizing local contexts among Virginia Indians, anthropologists working with these groups in recent years have combined applied anthropology and advocacy to form creative models for collaborative research and ethnography. In examining the demographic and political context in which anthropologists...
Emulsions in porous media. I. Transport and stability of polyaphrons in sand packs

Abstract Polyaphrons are ‘biliquid foams’ where micrometer size oil droplets are encapsulated within a water film. They have large ratios of dispersed phase to continuous phase volume. Polyaphrons require the presence of both an oil phase surfactant and an aqueous phase surfactant. The aqueous surfactant forms a soapy shell surrounding the inner oil phase core. The oil phase surfactant (non-ionic) influences the size of the oil droplets, while the aqueous phase surfactant (anionic or cationic) influences the surface charge of the polyaphrons. Distinct sizes of oppositely charged polyaphrons were created by altering the type and concentration of the oil phase and aqueous phase surfactants. The polyaphrons were stable when diluted in deionized water, showing negligible change in diameter after four months of storage. The polyaphrons were pumped through sand packs to study their stability and flow characteristics in a typical porous medium. The surface charge and size of polyaphrons were found to affect the capture of polyaphrons in the sand and the effective permeability of the sand. The effect of ionic strength was studied at pH 7.0 with anionic polyaphrons. Increasing ionic strength did not affect the average size of polyaphrons in the effluent, but resulted in slightly greater permeability reduction than low ionic strength. Sand packs consisting of larger, more uniform size distributions captured less polyaphrons and had less permeability reduction than smaller, more varied grain-sized sand.
Role of T antigen interactions with p53 in tumorigenesis.

SV40 induces neoplastic transformation by disabling several key cellular growth regulatory circuits. Among these are the Rb- and p53-families of tumor suppressors. The multifunctional, virus-encoded large T antigen blocks the function of both Rb and p53. Large T antigen uses multiple mechanisms to block p53 activity, and this action contributes to tumorigenesis, in part, by blocking p53-mediated growth suppression and apoptosis. Since the p53 pathway is inactivated in most human tumors, T antigen/p53 interactions offer a possible mechanism by which SV40 contributes to human cancer.
Improving blood transfusion practice by educational emphasis of the Blood Utilization Committee: experience of one hospital.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to reduce crossmatch to transfusion ratio through development of a new Blood Utilization Committee. Background Blood utilization hinges on the cooperation between transfusion services, medical staff, nursing and administration. Transfusion committees have attempted to bring about better oversight and bridge the gap between departments but in our institution this did not work until we had a catalyst to drive the effort. The unabashed desire and enthusiasm of one of our cardiac surgeons for self-improvement led to the formation of a new Blood Utilization Committee in October of 2012. Study design and methods Crossmatch and transfusion data were gathered from our blood bank information system starting with the 4th quarter of 2011 through the 1st quarter of 2013. The crossmatch to transfusion ratio (C:T) was calculated and comparisons were made between the results from before and after the initiation of the committee. Results At the commencement of the committee the initial C:T for the cardiac team was 2.48. We calculated a decrease of the C:T to 1.5 four months after the November 2012 formation of the new committee. The P -value calculated ( P Conclusion The initial impulse generated by the cardiothoracic surgery team is now spreading to other DRG groups in our hospital and we are seeing a drop in their C:T as well. Better blood utilization is attainable when the physicians who perform most transfusions lead the charge.
Lumbar sympathectomy for peripheral arteriosclerosis.

Lumbar sympathectomy as treatment for obliterative arteriosclerosis of the legs has developed in accordance with better understanding of the physiology of the collateral circulation. Its importance is demonstrated by the results observed in 44 extremities followed postoperatively up to 14 years. The indications for sympathectomy and method of case selection are discussed at length. As experience has broadened, more advanced cases have been operated on, and good results have been obtained.
Itinerant kingship and royal monasteries in early medieval Germany : c. 936-1075

List of illustrations Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction 1. German kingship and royal monasteries: the historical and historiographical context 2. Itinerant kingship, royal monasteries and the servitium regis 3. Servitium regis and monastic property 4. Monasteries in the Saxon heartland 5. Monasteries in Westphalia 6. Monasteries in the Saxon-Hessian border 7. Monasteries in Hesse and Thuringia Conclusion Bibliography Index.
DNA-programmed protein-nanoelectronic transducer array

By incorporating DNA as addressable linkers, we can direct and coordinate the simultaneous, parallel self-assembling and binding of multiple different redox proteins to designated nanoelectrodes. As a result, we have formed a nanoelectronic-protein transducer array which is capable of real-time, multiplexed detection of several analytes in parallel. The sequence-specificity of DNA hybridization provides the means of encoding spatial address instruction to the otherwise random self-assembling process and enables the desired programmability, scalability, and renewability. Results of this study, under an AFOSR MURI program, demonstrate the feasibility of a new paradigm of biosensing: detection of not only the presence of target substances but also the real-time activities of multiple biomolecules. In this system, the conjugated biomolecules and nanoelectronic components provide the active monitoring and mediating functions in real time, and can be integrated en masse into large arrays in a silicon-based integrated circuit.
Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Thyroidectomy: A Prospective Proof-of-Concept Study in Humans

Doctors Wilhelm and Metzig describe a transoral endoscopic sublingual bivestibular approach for removal of the thyroid gland that they first trialed in animals to ensure that no vascular or neural structures were affected [1]. The authors report their initial results in eight patients, four of whom had a total thyroidectomy and the other four had a partial thyroidectomy. In contrast to videoscopic removal of the thyroid gland through a thoracic, axillary, or breast approach, all of which have previously been described for the purpose of making the skin incision and scar less visible, the endoscopic transoral approach eliminates the skin incision. Of the eight patients who underwent a transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy through a sublingual vestibular approach, three patients had to be converted to a standard open approach, two patients developed recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, one of which was permanent, six patients developed paraesthesias of the lower lip related to transient mental nerve injury, and one patient developed a surgical site infection. One of the recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries occurred in a patient who was converted to an open approach prior to dissection of the thyroid gland. The permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury that occurred as a result of the transoral approach was attributed to thermal injury from the harmonic scalpel which is used to divide the ligament of Berry in close proximity to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Although, the transoral endoscopic approach eliminates the skin incision, I am not sure that this approach fulfills the authors’ aims of reducing complications and achieving faster recovery. Removal of the thyroid gland through the mouth changes a clean case to a clean contaminated case with an increased risk of infection. The transoral endoscopic approach is also associated with paraesthesias of the lower lip related to transient injury to the mental nerve. It may also be associated with higher risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury which may be the result of thermal injury from the harmonic scalpel. The technique will likely have very limited usefulness as evidenced by the fact three of the eight patients had to be converted to a standard open technique. The technique will have to be limited to patients with small glands of a maximum volume of 30–40 ml and small nodules less than or equal to 2 cm in size. I suspect there will be interest in this approach purely because of its cosmetic appeal, but before such an approach is considered, it is imperative to ensure that it is as safe as the conventional approach.
Gas-Phase Reactions of Silver Cluster Ions Produced by Fast Atom Bombardment

Abstract Silver cluster ions, Ag+x (x=1−16), have been produced by fast atom bombardment of silver foil and silver salts in the external ion source of a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Ion formation and collision-induced dissociation are discussed in relation to ion stabilities. Reactions of Ag+x, x=1−5, were studied with a variety of small molecules. Reactivity is dominated by adduct formation and silver atom displacement, which is dependent on cluster size. Contrasting reactivity was observed between Ag+ and Ag+2 with 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol and 2-methylpropane.
Erosive and Ulcerative Skin Disease

Many causes exist for ulcerative disease of the skin and mucous membranes of cats. Etiologies range from autoimmune, to infectious, to environmental causes. The diagnostic work-up includes a thorough history and physical examination, along with cytology, skin biopsy, hemogram, serum biochemical evaluation, and feline leukemia virus (FeL V) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) testing. Therapy is dependent on the underlying cause.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia does not appear to raise serum prostate-specific antigen concentration

Abstract Objectives. Conflicting findings have been reported regarding the relationship between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration. This study evaluates whether high-grade PIN significantly raises serum PSA concentration. Methods. We evaluated 194 totally embedded whole-mounted radical prostatectomy specimens removed for clinically localized prostate cancer. No patient received preoperative therapy. In each specimen, the volume of high-grade PIN and carcinoma was calculated using the grid-counting method. Serum PSA concentration was determined prior to surgery. Cancer volume, gland weight, Gleason score, extraprostatic extension, and PIN volume were then compared according to serum PSA concentration and PSA density. Results. Of the 194 patients, 170 (88%) had high-grade PIN-associated cancer and 24 (12%) had PIN-free cancer within the specimen. PIN volume ranged from 0 to 8.1 cc (mean, 1.3) and cancer volume ranged from 0 to 56.9 cc (mean, 9.1). In a subset of 93 patients with small cancers (less than 6.0 cc), PIN volume ranged from 0 to 6.1 (mean, 0.83) and did not correlate with serum PSA concentration or PSA density ( P = 0.80 and P = 0.69, respectively). In the entire study group, PIN volume did not correlate with PSA density ( P = 0.17), but did correlate with serum PSA concentration ( P = 0.005). Using multiple regression analysis, adjusting for cancer volume, gland weight, Gleason score, and extraprostatic extension, log PIN volume did not contribute to log serum PSA concentration (regression coefficient −0.108; P = 0.51) or log PSA density (regression coefficient −0.104; P = 0.56) in small cancers (less than 6.0 cc). In the entire study group, log PIN volume did not contribute to log serum PSA concentration (regression coefficient −0.182; P = 0.055) or log PSA density (regression coefficient −0.202; P = 0.56). Conclusions. Our data indicate that high-grade PIN does not significantly contribute to serum PSA concentration. We suggest that patients with elevated serum PSA concentration found to have high-grade PIN on transrectal biopsy should not have their elevated serum PSA concentration attributed to high-grade PIN.
Algorithm for Generating a Digital Straight Line on a Triangular Grid

An algorithm is presented for generating the optimum straight-line approximation for a plotter constrained to move a unit distance at a time in one of six equi-spaced directions. The algorithm facilitates the drawing of digital straight lines on a triangular grid.
Performance of Parametric and Covariance Based STAP Tests in Compound-Gaussian Clutter

Abstract Michels, J. H., Rangaswamy, M., and Himed, B., Performance of Parametric and Covariance Based STAP Tests in Compound-Gaussian Clutter, Digital Signal Processing12 (2002) 307–328 The performance of a parametric space–time adaptive processing method is presented here. Specifically, we consider signal detection in additive disturbance containing compound-Gaussian clutter plus additive Gaussian thermal white noise. Performance is compared to the normalized adaptive matched filter and the Kelly GLRT receiver using simulated and measured data. We focus on the issues of detection and false alarm probabilities, constant false alarm rate, robustness with respect to clutter texture power variations, and reduced training data support.
Paintings and their places

(1995). Paintings and their places. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 260-268.
The Spectrum of Large-scale Turbulent Transfer of Momentum and Heat

A method for obtaining the spectrum of turbulent transfer of a fluid property is presented based on cross-correlations and Fourier transforms. An application to large-scale eddy transfers of momentum and heat at 850 mb over the southeastern part of the United States shows that most of the transfers may be attributed to disturbances of periods from 0 to 10 days, the most important transfers occurring in the neighborhood of 4 days. Some implications of these results on the problem of the general circulation are discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1955.tb01150.x
Social anhedonia associated with poor evaluative processing but not with poor cognitive control

Emotion researchers have distinguished between automatic vs. controlled processing of evaluative information. There is suggestive evidence that social anhedonia might be associated with problems in controlled evaluative processing. The current study examined whether college students with elevated social anhedonia would exhibit an increased processing effect on tasks involving either evaluative processing or cognitive control. On an evaluative processing task, affective primes and targets could be either congruent or incongruent and participants judged the valence of targets. On a cognitive control task, participants completed the color-naming Stroop task. Compared to control participants (n = 47), people with elevated social anhedonia (n = 27) exhibited an increased evaluative processing effect as they were slower and made more errors for incongruent than for congruent trials on the evaluative processing task. In contrast, there were no group differences on the Stroop task or on a semantic priming task. Overall, these results suggest that people with elevated social anhedonia might have problems with some aspects of evaluative processing.
Ferrying Wingless across the Synaptic Cleft

Secreted Wnt morphogens mediate cell-cell communication, but the mechanism of Wnt transfer between cells is unknown. Korkut et al. (2009) report that the transmembrane protein Evi is a versatile carrier that guides Wingless to presynaptic terminals of motor neurons and then escorts it across the synaptic cleft. In postsynaptic muscles, Evi promotes Frizzled-2 trafficking.
Comparisons of Learning Ease and Transfer Propensity in Poor and Average Readers

Assisted and unassisted performance of 14 average readers (7 boys and 7 girls between 9.67 and 13 years of age) and 14 children with learning disabilities (10 boys and 4 girls between 10.8 and 13 years of age) were compared on a reading comprehension task---stating the main idea in expository paragraphs in which the topic sentence was either first, last, or missing. Children were trained to find the main idea in one-and two-paragraph texts and took pre- and posttests in which they were asked to write the main ideas contained in one-, and six- to eight-paragraph texts. The main ideas contained in these texts either were explicitly stated (topic sentence first or last) or were implicit (topic sentence missing). Children's performance improved from pre- to posttest, although the effect of topic sentence placement was evident at both test times (performance on topic-sentence-first paragraphs was better than on topic-sentence-last paragraphs, which was, in turn, better than performance on topic-sentence-missin...
Deepwater disaster: how the oil spill estimates got it wrong

“There is no crude emanating from that riser.” Then the official estimate was 1000 barrels a day, then 5000. The true figure was 58 000 barrels of oil a day leaking into the Gulf of Mexico. Why did the authorities so consistently underestimate the flow from the Deepwater disaster, and what damage did those underestimates do?Ian MacDonald reveals the smoking gun behind BP's erroneous statistics.
Design and Evaluation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Quantification of JAK2 V617F and Wild-Type JAK2 Transcript Levels in the Clinical Laboratory

The somatic mutation JAK2 V617F is associated with BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Detection of this mutation aids diagnosis of these neoplasms, and quantification of JAK2 V617F may provide a method to monitor response to therapy. For these reasons, we designed a clinical assay that uses allele-specific PCR and real-time detection with hydrolysis probes for the quantification of JAK2 V617F, wild-type JAK2, and GAPDH transcripts. Mutant and wild-type JAK2 were quantified by using external plasmid standards that contain the relevant JAK2 V617F or JAK2 sequence, respectively. We tested 55 peripheral blood specimens from patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms and 55 peripheral blood specimens from patients not known to have myeloproliferative neoplasms. Low-level, nonspecific amplification was detected in reactions containing a high copy number of plasmid standards and in specimens from patients not known to have myeloproliferative neoplasms, necessitating the use of a laboratory-established mutant to wild-type cutoff. The limit of detection established by using cell line dilutions is 0.1%, and this method identified three JAK2 V617F-positive patients who were not detected by a less sensitive method. The assay characteristics and our initial evaluation indicate this method can be used for the detection and quantification of JAK2 V617F, which should be useful for diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms and potentially for monitoring minimal residual disease in future trials of therapies targeted to myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Stable bifurcations in semelparous Leslie models

In this paper, we consider nonlinear Leslie models for the dynamics of semelparous age-structured populations. We establish stability and instability criteria for positive equilibria that bifurcate from the extinction equilibrium atR0 = 1. When the bifurcation is to the right (forward or super-critical), the criteria consist of inequalities involving the (low-density) between-class and within-class competition intensities. Roughly speaking, stability (respectively, instability) occurs if between-class competition is weaker (respectively, stronger) than within-class competition. When the bifurcation is to the left (backward or sub-critical), the bifurcating equilibria are unstable. We also give criteria that determine whether the boundary of the positive cone is an attractor or a repeller. These general criteria contribute to the study of dynamic dichotomies, known to occur in lower dimensional semelparous Leslie models, between equilibration and age-cohort-synchronized oscillations.
A CALCULATION OF THE TIN ISOTOPES USING REALISTIC NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS.

Abstract Shell-model matrix elements are calculated for Tabakin's two-nucleon interaction, which is a sum of separable potentials fitted to the nucleon-nucleon scattering data up to 320 MeV and designed to be used in Hartree-Fock calculations. It is shown that p-states make a substantial contribution to the pairing matrix elements, in some cases larger than the contribution of s-states. The matrix elements are compared with those calculated by Kuo using the Hamada-Johnston potential, and there is remarkable numerical agreement. A quasi-particle calculation is made with these matrix elements to study the low-lying states of the tin isotopes. The results are that, when only the usual five single-particle states are included, the odd-even mass difference is roughly half the experimental value; when more configuration mixing is included by allowing excitation of the core and permitting higher levels to be partially filled, satisfactory agreement is attained with the experimental odd-even mass difference, with the low-energy spectra of the odd isotopes and with changes in separation energies.
Curvature Testing in 3-Dimensional Metric Polyhedral Complexes

In a previous article, the authors described an algorithm to determine whether a finite metric polyhedral complex satisfied various local curvature conditions such as being locally CAT(0).The proof made use of Tarski’s theorem about the decidability of first order sentences over the reals in an essential way, and thus it was not immediately applicable to a specific finite complex. In this article, we describe an algorithm restricted to 3-dimensional complexes which uses only elementary 3-dimensional geometry. After describing the procedure, we include several examples involving Euclidean tetrahedra which were run using an implementation of the algorithm in GAP.
Optical detection of single nano-objects by transient absorption microscopy

In recent years there has been considerable effort in developing ultra-sensitive imaging techniques based on absorption. This mini-review describes recent results from our laboratory on detecting single nano-objects using transient absorption microscopy. This technique is extremely flexible, allowing the detection of single semiconductor and metal nanostructures with high sensitivity. The goal of this review is to illustrate key points in implementing transient absorption microscopy for ultra-sensitive detection, as well as to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this technique compared to other optical absorption based methods.
Beamline Performance Simulations for the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source

Monte Carlo simulations are being performed to design and characterize the neutron optics components for the two fundamental neutron physics beamlines at the Spallation Neutron Source. Optimization of the cold beamline includes characterization of the guides and benders, the neutron transmission through the 0.89 nm monochromator, and the expected performance of the four time-of-flight choppers. The locations and opening angles of the choppers have been studied using a simple spreadsheet-based analysis that was developed for other SNS chopper instruments. The spreadsheet parameters are then optimized using Monte Carlo techniques to obtain the results presented in this paper. Optimization of the 0.89 nm beamline includes characterizing the double crystal monochromator and the downstream guides. The simulations continue to be refined as components are ordered and their exact size and performance specifications are determined.