cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion status in minute (minimal) prostatic adenocarcinoma

Minute prostatic adenocarcinomas are considered to be of insufficient virulence. Given recent suggestions of TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion association with aggressive prostatic adenocarcinoma, we evaluated the incidence of TMPRSS2–ERG fusion in minute prostatic adenocarcinomas. A total of 45 consecutive prostatectomies with minute adenocarcinoma were used for tissue microarray construction. A total of 63 consecutive non-minimal, Gleason Score 6 tumors, from a separate PSA Era prostatectomy tissue microarray, were used for comparison. FISH was carried out using ERG break-apart probes. Tumors were assessed for fusion by deletion (Edel) or split (Esplit), duplicated fusions and low-level copy number gain in normal ERG gene locus. Minute adenocarcinomas: Fusion was evaluable in 32/45 tumors (71%). Fifteen out of 32 (47%) tumors were positive for fusion. Six (19%) were of the Edel class and 7 (22%) were classified as combined Edel+Esplit. Non-minute adenocarcinomas (pT2): Fusion was identified in 20/30 tumors (67%). Four (13%) were of Edel class and 5 (17%) were combined Edel+Esplit. Duplicated fusions were encountered in 5 (16%) tumors. Non-minute adenocarcinomas (pT3): Fusion was identified in 19/33 (58%). Fusion was due to a deletion in 6 (18%) tumors. Seven tumors (21%) were classified as combined Edel+Esplit. One tumor showed Esplit alone. Duplicated fusions were encountered in 3 (9%) cases. The incidence of duplicated fusions was higher in non-minute adenocarcinomas (13 vs 0%; P=0.03). A trend for higher incidence of low-level copy number gain in normal ERG gene locus without fusion was noted in non-minute adenocarcinomas (10 vs 0%; P=0.07). We found a TMPRSS2–ERG fusion rate of 47% in minute adenocarcinomas. The latter is not significantly different from that of grade matched non-minute adenocarcinomas. The incidence of duplicated fusion was higher in non-minute adenocarcinomas. Our finding of comparable rate of TMPRSS2–ERG fusion in minute adenocarcinomas may argue against its value as a marker of aggressive prostate carcinoma phenotype.
Redox-switched complexation/decomplexation of K(+) and Cs(+) by molecular cyanometalate boxes.

The reaction of [N(PPh3)2][CpCo(CN)3] and [Cb*Co(NCMe)3]PF6 (Cb* = C4Me4) in the presence of K+ afforded {K⊂[CpCo(CN)3]4[Cb*Co]4}PF6, [KCo8]PF6. IR, NMR, ESI-MS indicate that [KCo8]PF6 is a high-symmetry molecular box containing a potassium ion at its interior. The analogous heterometallic cage {K⊂[Cp*Rh(CN)3]4[Cb*Co]4}PF6 ([KRh4Co4]PF6) was prepared similarly via the condensation of K[Cp*Rh(CN)3] and [Cb*Co(NCMe)3]PF6. Crystallographic analysis confirmed the structure of [KCo8]PF6. The cyanide ligands are ordered, implying that no Co−CN bonds are broken upon cage formation and ion complexation. Eight Co−CN−Co edges of the box bow inward toward the encapsulated K+, and the remaining four μ-CN ligands bow outward. MeCN solutions of [KCo8]+ and [KRh4Co4]+ were found to undergo ion exchange with Cs+ to give [CsCo8]+ and [CsRh4Co4]+, both in quantitative yields. Labeling experiments involving [(MeC5H4)Co(CN)3]- demonstrated that Cs+-for-K+ ion exchange is accompanied by significant fragmentation. Ion exchange...
The effect of EDTA in the electroimmunoassay of factor IX antigen in warfarin-treated patients.

Abstract Factor IX antigen was measured in warfarin-treated and normal individuals by electroimmunoassay both in the presence and absence of 1mM EDTA. In the presence of EDTA, the factor IX antigen level was significantly lower in the warfarin-treated group. In the absence of EDTA, the factor IX antigen levels were similar in the two groups.
A radar imaging system using the object to provide the reference signal

A radar system for imaging a spetially limited object at long range is described. The geometry consists of a large array (100 km square) of widely separated receivers, each containg its own local oscillator. The reference signal is derived by scattering a low-frequency wave from the object.
Ethnic Identity among Monoracial and Multiracial Early Adolescents

A measure of ethnic identity, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), was examined in this study with a sample of 2,184 early adolescents who self-identified with a single race or ethnicity (monoracial, n = 1,812) or with two or more racial or ethnic groups (multiracial, n = 372). Principal components and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore and confirm the factor structure of the MEIM items. Two factors were identified: (a) identification and (b) exploration. Identification was represented by items that reflect a sense of belonging and pride in an individual’s ethnic group. Exploration was represented by items that characterize a search for ethnic group identity and participation in ethnic practices. Reliabilities were adequate for the two subscales (= .84, identification; = .76, exploration). Also, the results indicated that most individuals from monoracial minority groups and multiracial subgroups scored similarly on overall ethnic identity.
Structural Basis of Rab Effector Specificity: Crystal Structure of the Small G Protein Rab3A Complexed with the Effector Domain of Rabphilin-3A

The small G protein Rab3A plays an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The crystal structure of activated Rab3A/GTP/Mg2+ bound to the effector domain of rabphilin-3A was solved to 2.6 A resolution. Rabphilin-3A contacts Rab3A in two distinct areas. The first interface involves the Rab3A switch I and switch II regions, which are sensitive to the nucleotide-binding state of Rab3A. The second interface consists of a deep pocket in Rab3A that interacts with a SGAWFF structural element of rabphilin-3A. Sequence and structure analysis, and biochemical data suggest that this pocket, or Rab complementarity-determining region (RabCDR), establishes a specific interaction between each Rab protein and its effectors. RabCDRs could be major determinants of effector specificity during vesicle trafficking and fusion.
On the incomplete results for the heterogeneous server problem

In this article, we show that the arguments in Rykov [9] on the optimality of a threshold routing policy when there are more than two heterogeneous servers are incomplete.
Diminished exoproteome of Frankia spp. in culture and symbiosis.

ABSTRACT Frankia species are the most geographically widespread gram-positive plant symbionts, carrying out N2 fixation in root nodules of trees and woody shrubs called actinorhizal plants. Taking advantage of the sequencing of three Frankia genomes, proteomics techniques were used to investigate the population of extracellular proteins (the exoproteome) from Frankia, some of which potentially mediate host-microbe interactions. Initial two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of culture supernatants indicated that cytoplasmic proteins appeared in supernatants as cells aged, likely because older hyphae lyse in this slow-growing filamentous actinomycete. Using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to identify peptides, 38 proteins were identified in the culture supernatant of Frankia sp. strain CcI3, but only three had predicted export signal peptides. In symbiotic cells, 42 signal peptide-containing proteins were detected from strain CcI3 in Casuarina cunninghamiana and Casuarina glauca root nodules, while 73 and 53 putative secreted proteins containing signal peptides were identified from Frankia strains in field-collected root nodules of Alnus incana and Elaeagnus angustifolia, respectively. Solute-binding proteins were the most commonly identified secreted proteins in symbiosis, particularly those predicted to bind branched-chain amino acids and peptides. These direct proteomics results complement a previous bioinformatics study that predicted few secreted hydrolytic enzymes in the Frankia proteome and provide direct evidence that the symbiosis succeeds partly, if not largely, because of a benign relationship.
Chemical constituents of Cannabis sativa L. root.

An extract of Cannabis sativa L. root yielded two pentacyclic triterpenes, friedelin and epifriedelanol, and N-(p-hydroxy-β-phenylethyl)-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamamide. Structures of the triterpenes were confirmed by preparation of derivatives and comparison to authentic friedelin. Epifriedelanol was also oxidized to friedelin. The amide was confirmed by synthesis.
John Keats and Some Versions of Materiality

Materialist and historicist approaches to Keats have given us a Keats who thumbs his nose at conventional aesthetics, and the class assumptions buried within aesthetics. Christopher Ricks showed us how attuned Keats was to adolescent embarrassment, and how those nuances challenged an aesthetics that wanted nothing to do with embarrassment. Marjorie Levinson then demonstrated Keats’s efforts to parade his middle-classness with an ‘aggressively and absolutely superficial’ verbal materiality, one that ‘deconstructs humanistic seriousness altogether’. More recently, Christopher Rovee situates Keats within a contemporary debate about museums and waste that manifests ‘the predicament of art in capitalist modernity’, where wasting time is a luxury. Together, these approaches question the relation of surface to depth, while rereading Keats’s surfaces as forms of depth that question conventional depth even as they equate that depth to ideology. These versions of materiality also share an interest in materialist determinism: Keats’s social class matters for it shapes his ideology. The bases for such determinism are 1) the idea that materialism trumps idealism and 2) the idea that materialism trumps idealism because it conditions idealism and aesthetics. I seek instead a materialist possibility and a materialist aesthetics that embraces possibility, and in so doing, I am reminded of the Romantic desire to see into the life of things. The goal of this essay is to begin to reorient our accounts of Romantic materiality and aesthetics toward possibility, not determinism. I begin by thinking about how materialist determinism works in Romantic criticism. I then turn to Keats and Romantic theories of matter to suggest ways in which materiality need not be endorsed at the expense of ideality, especially since as W. J. T. Mitchell reminds us, ‘the concrete is (as Hegel points out) the most abstract concept we have’. I conclude by thinking about how theories of Romantic matter might reopen questions of the aesthetic so that it cannot be automatically subsumed by ideology.
Comparison of Early Ileal Invasion by Salmonella enterica Serovars Choleraesuis and Typhimurium

The mechanisms of Salmonella serovar-host specificity are not well defined. Pig ileal loops were used to compare phenotypic differences in early cellular invasion between non-host-adapted Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (SsT) and host-adapted Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis (SsC). By 10 minutes postinoculation, both serovars invaded a small number of M cells, enterocytes, and goblet cells. Multiple SsC organisms (up to 6 per cell) simultaneously invaded M cells, whereas SsT often invaded as one to two organisms per M cell. Internalization of both serovars resulted in vacuoles containing a single bacterium. The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of SsC-inoculated loops responded with more filopodia and lamellipodia although exhibiting less cell swelling than SsT. Additionally, SsT showed an enhanced affinity for sites of cell extrusion compared with SsC at 60 minutes. These results suggest: 1) both SsC and SsT exhibit non-cell-specific invasion as early as 10 minutes postinoculation, 2) Salmonella serovars exhibit differences in early invasion of FAE and M cells, and 3) cells undergoing extrusion may provide a site for preferential adherence by SsT and SsC.
Serum hepcidin: indication of its role as an "acute phase" marker in febrile children

Background Hepcidin is classified as a type II acute phase protein; its production is a component of the innate immune response to infections.
The mammalian postorbital bar as a torsion‐resisting helical strut

The mammalian skull is asymmetrically loaded during mastication because most of these animals chew on only one side at a time. This loading regime tends to twist the braincase relative to the rostral, tooth bearing part of the skull at the zone of potential weakness between the orbits. This torsional effect is exaggerated, and a postorbital bar is present, in those animals with very large masseter and pterygoid muscles. The lines of action of these muscles are oriented at large angles to the long axis of the skull in lateral view, providing large components of force that twist the skull segments relative to one another. When the temporalis is the dominant muscle, the torsional effect is usually less important, and the bar is absent, because this muscle acts at a smaller angle to the skull axis. The postorbital bar exhibits the predicted three dimensional spatial orientation required to resist torsional forces: it is a segment of an imaginary 45° helix that is wound around the skull, if the skull is idealized as a cylinder. This orientation is significant because, in general, maximum compressive and tensile shear stresses lie along 45° helices on a cylinder loaded in torsion; to resist torsion, material should be placed far from the axis of torsion and along a helix oriented at 45° to the deforming forces. Each half of a supraorbital ridge is also a segment of a 45° helix that is perpendicular to the helix passing through the postorbital bar. This model suggests that the postorbital bar is loaded in compression on the chewing side and in tension on the non-chewing side; the supraorbital ridge is loaded in tension on the chewing side and in compression on the non-chewing side.
Theory Is Not a Four-Letter Word: Needed Directions in the Study of Adolescent Friendships.

Currently, little attention is paid to theory in the field of adolescent friendship. Using the chapters in this volume as background, the author delineates a series of questions that must be addressed by theorists and empirical investigators alike.
Signal Transduction Pathways in the Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

The mechanisms of allosteric action within pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) remain to be determined. Using crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, and two-electrode voltage clamp measurements, we identified two functionally relevant sites in the extracellular (EC) domain of the bacterial pLGIC from Gloeobacter violaceus (GLIC). One site is at the Cloop region, where the NQN mutation (D91N, E177Q, and D178N) eliminated inter-subunit salt bridges in the open-channel GLIC structure and thereby shifted the channel activation to a higher agonist concentration. The other site is below the Cloop, where binding of the anesthetic ketamine inhibited GLIC currents in a concentration dependent manner. To understand how a perturbation signal in the EC domain, either resulting from the NQN mutation or ketamine binding, is transduced to the channel gate, we have used the Perturbation-based Markovian Transmission (PMT) model to determine dynamic responses of the GLIC channel and signaling pathways upon initial perturbations in the EC domain of GLIC. Despite the existence of many possible routes for the initial perturbation signal to reach the channel gate, the PMT model in combination with Yen’s algorithm revealed that perturbation signals with the highest probability flow travel either via the b1–b2 loop or through pre-TM1. The b1–b2 loop occurs in either intra- or inter-subunit pathways, while pre-TM1 occurs exclusively in inter-subunit pathways. Residues involved in both types of pathways are well supported by previous experimental data on nAChR. The direct coupling between pre-TM1 and TM2 of the adjacent subunit adds new insight into the allosteric signaling mechanism in pLGICs.
Analysis of mutagenesis and sister-chromatid exchanges induced by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in somatic hybrids derived from Syrian hamster melanoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells

Abstract Somatic cell hybrids were derived from the fusion of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Syrian hamster melanoma cells (2E). These two cell lines had previously been shown to differ in their response to the induction of mutations and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) (Kaufman, 1987). The parental cells and a number of representative, independent hybrid clones were tested for their response to both the INC and REP mutagenesis protocols. INC mutagenesis involves the incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA under conditions of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool imbalance, while REP mutagenesis involves the replication of 5-bromouracil-substituted DNA in the presence of dNTP pool imbalance. When tested for the toxic effects of high concentrations of BrdUrd and for the induction of mutations by the INC protocol, the hybrid clones all expressed the 2E phenotype, i.e., sensitivity to relatively low concentrations of BrdUrd and thymidine for the induction of mutations, dNTP pool perturbation, and the toxic effects of BrdUrd. When the hybrid clones were tested for the induction of mutations and SCEs by the REP protocol, it was found that they expressed the 2E phenotype for the induction of mutations and the CHO phenotype for the induction of SCEs. Thus, various aspects of the 2E phenotype, such as high mutation frequencies associated with large dNTP pool perturbations, appeared to be dominantly expressed in the cell hybrids, while the lack of induction of SCEs by these mutagenic conditions in 2E cells was found to be a recessive characteristic.
The Direct and Indirect Problem for Loxodromes

A loxodrome is a curve of constant azimuth. Herein are given formulations for the direct and indirect problems for loxodromes. These formulations depend on an elliptic integral and offer a compact solution readily implementable with modern computational platforms that support elliptic integrals. Solutions are developed on the reference ellipsoid and then shown to simplify for solutions on the sphere. Numerical examples show that the differences between ellipsoidally-based computations and spherically-based computations can differ by nearly 10 arc minutes and by 0.31% (25,319.959 m) of the loxodrome segment's length.
Unconsciousness, Automatisms, and Myoclonic Jerks with Diffuse Rhythmic 9‐Hz Discharges

A 25-year-old man presented with seizures characterized by unconsciousness, automatic behavior, and myoclonic jerks lasting 0.5 to 8 sec. Videotape analysis of 300 simultaneously recorded electroencephalographic and clinical attacks revealed 8- to 9-Hz 150 to 200 muV sharp waves beginning in both medial temporal areas during eyelid flutters. When discharges spread diffusely on both sides and lasted 2 to 3 sec, 20 degrees forward flexion of the head, unconsciousness, pupil dilation, and staring became evident. Asymmetrical myoclonic jerks invariably appeared. When paroxysms were greater than 3 sec, automatisms and tonic posturing occurred. The electroencephalographic and clinical seizures appeared during the awake and relaxed states, i.e., with normal alpha rhythm. They were suppressed during physical and mental activities and during sleep, i.e., in the absence of alpha rhythm. Our studies suggest that these seizures associated with diffuse electroencephalographic alpha-like activities are subcortical in origin and should be tested in their responsivity to alpha suppressants and inducers.
Dynamics of skeletal muscle oxygenation during sequential bouts of moderate exercise.

In rat muscle, faster dynamics of microvascular PO2 (approximately blood flow to O2 uptake ratio) after prior contractions that did not alter blood [lactate] have been considered to be a consequence of faster kinetics. However, in humans, prior exercise below the lactate threshold does not affect the pulmonary kinetics. To clarify this apparent discrepancy, we examined the effects of prior moderate exercise on the kinetics of muscle oxygenation (deoxyhaemoglobin, [HHb]α ) and pulmonary in humans. Eight subjects performed two bouts (6 min each) of moderate-intensity cycling separated by 6 min of baseline pedalling. Muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation was evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy and was measured breath-by-breath. The time constant (τ) of the primary component of was not significantly affected by prior exercise (21.5 ± 9.2 versus 25.6 ± 9.7 s; Bout 1 versus 2, P= 0.49). The time delay (TD) of [HHb] decreased (11.6 ± 2.6 versus 7.7 ± 1.5 s; Bout 1 versus 2, P < 0.05) and τ[HHb] increased (7.0 ± 3.5 versus 10.2 ± 4.6 s; Bout 1 versus 2, P < 0.05), while the mean response time (TD +τ) did not change (18.6 ± 2.7 versus 17.9 ± 3.9 s) after prior moderate exercise. Thus, prior moderate exercise resulted in shorter onset and slower rate of increase in [HHb] during subsequent exercise. These data suggest that prior exercise altered the dynamic interaction between and following the onset of exercise.
Preparing for asthma-related emergencies in schools.

To the Editor .— Hillemeier et al1 reported in Pediatrics that preparedness for an asthma-related emergency in Pennsylvania schools is suboptimal. Although not cited in the article, similar deficiencies have been identified in New Mexico schools, including the urban and rural school deficiencies.2,3 For example, only 20% of New Mexico school nurses reported having nebulizers on campus, and only 45% reported having peak flow meters. As for asthma management plans, 24% of students with asthma did not have a plan, and of those with a plan, only 51% of the nurses either had had input or were identified in the plans.2 In addition, the New Mexico study surveyed for 2 emergency, life-saving medications for …
Preserving Youth: Does Rapamycin Deliver?

Research suggests that the drug rapamycin slows mammalian aging, but a provocative new study has gained attention by claiming to show it does not.
Explaining Age and Gender Effects on Attitudes toward Sexist Language

This study examined perspective taking, empathic concern, and attitude toward women as potential mediators of age and gender effects on college students’ attitudes toward sexist language. Perspecti...
Diabetes Mellitus: Toward a Federal Policy:

Diabetes is a serious global problem. Recent projections suggest that at least 194 million people suffer from diabetes worldwide, and the World Health Organization (2004) suggests that this number will increase to 333 million by 2025. Currently diabetes affects 15 million people (about 8% of the population) in the United States. In addition, an estimated 12 million people in the United States have diabetes and are undiagnosed. The costs of this multifaceted illness cannot be quantified, but financial analysts suggest that they are staggering. This article supports the development of a federal policy on diabetes mellitus in an effort to control, provide fair and equitable access to care, and improve culturally appropriate outreach strategies.
Stereo depth with a Unified Architecture GPU

This paper describes how the calculation of depth from stereo images was accelerated using a GPU. The Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) from NVIDIA was employed in novel ways to compute depth using BT cost matching and the semi-global matching algorithm. The challenges of mapping a sequential algorithm to a massively parallel thread environment and performance optimization techniques are considered.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Sozialer Identität und schulischer Transition

In den modernen Bildungsbiographien sind mannigfach Transitionen zu bewaltigen, die stets mit „einer positiven Weiterentwicklung, aber auch mit Entwicklungsrisiken“ einhergehen konnen. Das vorliegende Projekt zentriert sich auf den, fur die individuelle Schullaufbahn besonders bedeutsamen Ubergang von der Grundschule in die weiterfuhrenden Schularten.
Processing Code-Switching in Algerian Bilinguals: Effects of Language Use and Semantic Expectancy.

Using a cross-modal naming paradigm this study investigated the effect of sentence constraint and language use on the expectancy of a language switch during listening comprehension. Sixty-five Algerian bilinguals who habitually code-switch between Algerian Arabic and French (AA-FR) but not between Standard Arabic and French (SA-FR) listened to sentence fragments and named a visually presented French target NP out loud. Participants’ speech onset times were recorded. The sentence context was either highly semantically constraining towards the French NP or not. The language of the sentence context was either in Algerian Arabic or in Standard Arabic, but the target NP was always in French, thus creating two code-switching contexts: a typical and recurrent code-switching context (AA-FR) and a non-typical code-switching context (SA-FR). Results revealed a semantic constraint effect indicating that the French switches were easier to process in the high compared to the low-constraint context. In addition, the effect size of semantic constraint was significant in the more typical code-switching context (AA-FR) suggesting that language use influences the processing of switching between languages. The effect of semantic constraint was also modulated by code-switching habits and the proficiency of L2 French. Semantic constraint was reduced in bilinguals who frequently code-switch and in bilinguals with high proficiency in French. Results are discussed with regards to the bilingual interactive activation model (Dijkstra and Van Heuven, 2002) and the control process model of code-switching (Green and Wei, 2014).
EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN ON MACROPHAGES OF THE ADULT CHICKEN.

SummaryDifferent concentrations of endotoxin were added to cultures of adult chicken's spleen growing in a coagulated plasma medium. Endotoxin in concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μg/ml did not alter the early migration of leucocytes and macrophages, but stimulated the extent of macrophage migration after the second day of incubation. Concentrations of endotoxin between 5 and 50 μg/ml caused an initial decrease in macrophage migration followed by a definite increase in a majority of experiments. Morphologic changes due to endotoxin were not observed. The low toxicity of endotoxin for avian macrophages was different from the severe toxic action on mammalian macrophages previously observed under similar cultural conditions.
Advanced Advanced Calculus: Counting the Discontinuities of a Real-Valued Function with Interval Domain

(1989). Advanced Advanced Calculus: Counting the Discontinuities of a Real-Valued Function with Interval Domain. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 43-48.
Testosterone and avian life histories: effects of experimentally elevated testosterone on prebasic molt and survival in male dark-eyed juncos

Male Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) that breed in Virginia begin their prebasic molt after breeding has ended, usually in August. Almost all males caught in late October have completed the molt. In 1989, we obtained anecdotal evidence that males whose testosterone (T) we maintained at artificially elevated levels beyond the end of the breeding season postponed or suppressed prebasic molt. To test the effect of T experimentally, in spring 1990 we implanted some males (T-males) with testosterone and others (Cmales) with empty implants, and we released both groups to breed. We caught some members of both treatment groups in October and removed their implants. The T-males had delayed their prebasic molt, while the C-males were molting on schedule. Other implanted Tand C-males were not caught; these carried their implants into winter. Next spring we examined surviving males whose implants we had removed in October as well as males whose Tand C-implants had not been removed. T-males whose implants we had removed had molted completely, despite their delayed start, whereas T-males whose implants we had not removed had not molted. Still-implanted C-males had molted. We compared the minimum overwinter survival (i.e., return rates in spring) of the treatment groups. Tand C-males whose implants we had removed in October returned at the same rate, but among males whose implants we had not removed, significantly fewer T-males than C-males returned. The transition between reproduction and molt of male juncos apparently can be blocked by preventing the normal seasonal decline in T. This suggests a physiological basis for a possible trade-off between time allocated to reproduction and time allocated to molt. Our results indicate that males could maintain high T and prolong breeding, possibly into October, and still molt completely with no adverse effects. We consider why such a modification of schedule has not occurred. However, postponement of molt beyond some date in autumn, possibly late October, suppresses it altogether, as indicated by the failure to molt of the returning T-males whose implants we did not remove. This treatment group apparently suffered higher overwinter mortality, and we consider possible reasons.
Cybercrime and Cybersecurity in Latin American and Caribbean Economies

Cybercrimes originating in and targeting the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) economies, as is the case of the rest of world, are escalating rapidly. Consumers, businesses and government agencies in the region are increasingly victimized by cybercriminals. The cybercrime industry in LAC economies is interesting, fascinating and complex, due to a unique interaction of the continent’s economic structure, organized crime groups’ operations, the geographic position and legislative and policy framework.
An Exploration into Occupation-Centered Practice in Skilled Nursing Facilities

ABSTRACTAims: The aims of this pilot study were to identify occupational therapy interventions provided to short-term rehabilitation clients at skilled nursing facilities and to determine if therapists engaged clients in interventions with an occupation-centered approach. Methods: This study utilized a prospective mixed methods design with in-depth observations of two occupational therapists and three clients. Field notes, schematic drawings, and the Occupation-Centered Intervention Assessment documented and captured 57 interventions. Results: Provision of interventions occurred primarily in the clinic (36/57), with exercise and rote practice as the most common intervention approach (26/57), and interventions that utilized occupation were rated higher on the OCIA indicating a more occupation-centered approach. Conclusions: More than half of the interventions did not involve the use or focus on occupation, indicating a gap between theoretical frameworks and interventions taught in professional school and w...
Research on Modeling of Real Time Range Prediction of Airborne Anti-submarine Radar

To satisfy the needs of the anti-submarine radar effectiveness evaluation for airborne anti-submarine warfare command and control system,the influence of sea state on airborne anti-submarine radar range was analyzed,and the real time range prediction model of radar established based on variety of sea circumstance.Results of calculated by the real time range prediction model could be practicable for the effectiveness evaluation of airborne anti-submarine radar.
Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Spray Deposited Al-20Si/SiCp Composite

Al-20Si/SiCp composite was fabricated by spray deposition.The thermal fatigue behavior of Al-20Si/SiCp composite was investigated in the water-quench method.Optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to examine the damage mechanisms of thermal fatigue.Almost all the primary fatigue cracks at an elevated temperature initiated at V-notch.After several thermal cycles,the speed rate of crack propagation decreased with the relative density of composite increase.Because-Al matrix could stop crack from propagation,it resulted in un-continuous crack.The propagation mode of crack was controlled by the size and distribution of Si particles.Crack propagating through the Si particles and around Si particles were observed.Also,the fracture of SiC particles and the interfacial debonding between SiC particles and matrix were the principle mechanisms of interaction between SiC particles and matrix.
The role of renal autotransplantation in complex urological reconstruction.

AbstractFrom 1972 to 1988, 108 patients underwent renal autotransplantation for renal artery disease (67), ureteral replacement (27), or renal cell carcinoma present bilaterally or in a solitary kidney (14). The most common indication for renal autotransplantation was to allow extracorporeal repair of complex branch renal artery lesions. Of the 54 patients in this group technically satisfactory branch renal arterial reconstruction and a successful clinical outcome were achieved in 52 (96%). Renal autotransplantation is the treatment of choice in these patients and also in selected children with main renal artery disease.Renal autotransplantation provided excellent results in 25 of 27 patients (92%) who required replacement of all or a major portion of the ureter. Over-all renal function was well preserved in these patients and only 1 has experienced chronic bacteriuria. Renal autotransplantation is a useful alternative to ileal interposition in this setting.Extracorporeal partial nephrectomy and renal aut...
Improving iterative surface energy balance convergence for remote sensing based flux calculation

A modification of the iterative procedure of the surface energy balance was purposed to expedite the convergence of Monin–Obukhov stability correction utilized by the remote sensing based flux calculation. This was demonstrated using ground-based weather stations as well as the gridded weather data (North American Regional Reanalysis) and remote sensing based (Landsat 5, 7) images. The study was conducted for different land-use classes in southern Idaho and northern California for multiple satellite overpasses. The convergence behavior of a selected Landsat pixel as well as all of the Landsat pixels within the area of interest was analyzed. Modified version needed multiple times less iteration compared to the current iterative technique. At the time of low wind speed (∼1.3 m/s), the current iterative technique was not able to find a solution of surface energy balance for all of the Landsat pixels, while the modified version was able to achieve it in a few iterations. The study will facilitate many operational evapotranspiration models to avoid the nonconvergence in low wind speeds, which helps to increase the accuracy of flux calculations.
Clinical impact of sonographically guided biopsy of salivary gland masses and surrounding lymph nodes.

Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy of salivary gland masses has been reported in the otolaryngology literature, the use of sonography to guide the biopsy of nonpalpable masses and masses seen on other cross-sectional imaging studies has not been described. Our goal was to evaluate sonographically guided biopsy of masses and lymph nodes related to the salivary glands. We analyzed the records of 18 patients who had undergone fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a salivary gland mass or lymph node with a 25-, 22-, or 20-gauge needle. A definitive cytologic diagnosis was made for 13 of the 18 patients (72%); cytology was suggestive but not definitive in three patients (17%) and insufficient in two (11%). Definitive diagnoses were made in three cases of reactive lymph node, in two cases each of lymph node metastasis and Warthin's tumor, and in one case each of pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid-cystic carcinoma, schwannoma-neurofibroma, parotid metastasis, parotid lymphoma, and Sjogren's-related lymphoid-epithelial lesion. Sonographically guided biopsy allows for confident needle placement in masses seen on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Sonography can usually distinguish a perisalivary lymph node from true intrasalivary masses, and it can help the surgeon avoid the pitfall of a nondiagnostic aspiration of the cystic component of masses. We conclude that sonographically guided biopsy of salivary gland masses can provide a tissue diagnosis that can have a direct impact on clinical decision making.
Fish consumption among women anglers of childbearing age in the Great Lakes region

Fish consumption advisories are issued by the federal government for women of childbearing age (WCBA). These advisories make recommendations about the amount and types of fish that should be consumed to provide the greatest health benefits to women and their children while avoiding risks from chemical contaminants. We used diary methods to study fish consumption patterns of 1395 WCBA in the Great Lakes coastal region who purchased fishing licenses, a group which has significant opportunity to eat larger quantities of fish. Very few members of this group reported exceeding the federal recommendations for total fish consumption (between 3% and 5% depending on assumptions about portion sizes), consumption of canned "white" tuna (0%), or consumption of "do not eat" species (4%). They did report eating more fish on average than recent national study estimates, but they did not report consuming as much fish as is recommended to obtain the greatest health benefits of fish consumption. Only 10-12% of study participants reported eating within the recommended range of 8-12oz. of fish per week, with 84-87% eating less than the recommended amount. Additional efforts are likely needed to encourage WCBA to eat more low-risk fish, even among this group of higher-than-average fish consumers.
Clark, Kenneth B.

Born: July 24, 1914, Panama Canal Zone Education: Howard University, B.A., 1935, M.A., 1936; Columbia University, Ph.D., 1940 Died: May 1, 2005, New York, NY Inspired by his Howard professors, who “made their students into instruments of change” (Willie and Greenblatt, 1981, p. 155), Clark led student protests against Jim Crow and later earned graduate degrees in psychology. Using social science research to promote social justice, he became a nationally respected expert on child personality and school desegregation. He and his wife, Dr. Mamie Clark, established Northside Child Development Center in Harlem (1946); their inquiries supported the need for stable black families. Home environment critically impacted learning, they found. Race relations in communities influenced children's self-esteem as well. Clark was pivotal among the scholars who assisted NAACP counsel in contesting segregated schools. In 1950 the Clarks conducted studies showing that separate schooling harmed the social development of children regardless of race. Counsel argued this in a Charleston, South Carolina federal court (1951). The Clarks also experimented with a black doll and a white doll, noting the responses of more than 200 black children. Their palpable preference for the white doll revealed a negative self-image. This proved crucial: the Supreme Court's Brown decision, stating that it “generates a feeling of inferiority” in Negro children, overturned school segregation. Afterward, Clark worked to implement racial and curricular integration in New York public education.
Sorting (HPSORT/EXHEAP)

This chapter presents an algorithm for sorting. A frequently occurring problem in combinatorial work is the sorting of an array. There are various criteria by which a person may evaluate the effectiveness of a sorting method, such as the average amount of labor (pairwise comparisons or displacements of position) required to sort an array of length n , the maximum amount of labor required by some sequence of length n , the amount of array storage required, the amount by which the method takes advantage of whatever order is already present in the input list, and elegance, compactness, universality, etc. No single sorting method optimizes all departments at once. The algorithm presented in the chapter is a good choice if just one general-purpose sort is to be available for combinatorial applications. It requires an average of cn log n operations, a maximum of cn log n operations, no array storage other than the input array, and it is extremely elegant, compact, and universal. The chapter discusses the Heapsort algorithm, which is divided into two phases: (1) the input array is transformed into a heap and (2) the heap is sorted into nondecreasing order.
GLACIAL–INTERGLACIAL SCALE FLUVIAL RESPONSES

Fluvial landforms and deposits are common features on the subaerial landscape, and fluvial deposits are now widely recognized on submerged continental shelves. Accordingly, fluvial landforms and deposits provide a readily studied record of terrestrial landscape evolution, and how surface processes respond to, and record, Quaternary climate change, sea-level change, and active uplift or subsidence. This article provides an overview of fluvial responses to Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles.
Production of polyhydroxybuyrate (PHB) from switchgrass pretreated with a radio frequency-assisted heating process

Abstract Effects of radio frequency (RF) heating as a biomass pretreatment process to generate hydrolysates for polyhydroxybuyrate (PHB) were evaluated in all production steps from pretreatment to enzymatic hydrolysis to fermentation. Switchgrass was pretreated under alkaline conditions with RF-assisted heating (traditional water bath (WB) heating as control) and subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed. Fermentation was conducted with recombinant Escherichia coli strain for PHB production using the hydrolysates as carbon sources with or without yeast extract (YE) supplemented. Results indicated that the hydrolysates generated through RF pretreatment performed consistently better for PHB production than WB (50% higher PHB levels without YE). YE supplementation (up to 5 g/L) enhanced fermentation under all conditions and diminished the difference among performances of fermentations. When adding 2 g/L YE, PHB production increased by 200% and 80% for WB and RF hydrolysates, respectively. Supplementation of 5 g/L YE brought the final PHB concentration to be very close to each other for all three fermentation conditions. Compared to traditional heating process, the unique heating mechanism of RF generates harsher conditions (under regular pressure) to disrupt the biomass structure more completely and generate more nutrients for bacterial fermentation. RF was therefore proved to be an efficient process for biomass pretreatment.
Allowing MPI tools builders to forget about Fortran

C tool writers are forced to deal with a number of Fortran and C interoperability issues when intercepting MPI routines and completing them with PMPI. The C based tool has to intercept the Fortran MPI routines and marshal arguments between C and Fortran, which is not always easily done from C. Further, there is a subset of MPI routines that need to call PMPI from the original language they were called from, forcing the C tool to go back to a Fortran layer. Combined, these issues make writing tools that apply to C and Fortran applications both error-prone and time consuming. In this paper, we present WMPI, a wrapper generator that solves these issues by generating multiple lightweight wrappers to handle the marshalling, correct language specific reentry and other incompatibilities.
The Expression of Bacterial DNA Repair Genes in Eukaryotic Cells and Vice Versa

Alkylating agents represent one of the major classes of toxic compounds found in our environment. Most of them are potent mutagens and carcinogens (1), and ironically, they are commonly used for the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer patients. Alkylating agents igtteract with and damage DNA, which can result in mutation and cell death (2). Our goal is to understand at the molecular level how eukaryotic cells respond to DNA alkylation damage, and how they avoid mutation or killing induced by monofunctional alkylating agents such as methylnitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). We have recently taken two approaches to studying the response of eukaryotic cells to DNA alkylation: (1) expressing bacterial DNA repair genes in eukaryotic cells in order to study the biological consequences of various DNA lesions; (2) cloning eukaryotic DNA repair genes by cross species functional complementation in alkylation-sensitive bacteria. Both strategies are based on our understanding of the DNA alkylation repair mechanisms in E. coli.
HYPERFINE SPLITTING IN THE p$sup 52$P*$sub 1$ OVER $sub 2$/ METASTABLE STATE OF I$sup 12$$sup 7$

The hyperfine structure of the ${p}^{5}^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ metastable state of ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}$ was investigated by means of a vacuum echelle spectrograph. The doublet separation in the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state was obtained as 0.667 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and 0.673 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from $\ensuremath{\lambda}2062$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}1876$, respectively, the mean value being 0.670 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Another Meditation on the Third Commandment

ABSTRACTThis article presents several normative and conceptual challenges to the prospects of the creation of a Christian political party in American politics. Given that political parties differ from interest groups insofar as they seek to govern, and as governing includes the exercise of coercive force, constructing a Christian political party that is recognizably and uniquely Christian and capable of successfully wielding political power will be an exceedingly difficult task.
Investigation of High-temperature Oxidation Kinetics and Residual Ductility of Oxidized Samples of Sponge-based E110 Alloy Cladding Tubes

Two-sided oxidation experiments were recently conducted at 1000-1200°C in flowing steam with samples of sponge-based Zr-1Nb alloy E110. Although the old electrolytic E110 tubing exhibited a high degree of susceptibility to nodular corrosion and experienced breakaway oxidation rates in relatively short time, the new sponge-based E110 has demonstrated steam oxidation behavior comparable to Zircaloy-4. The sponge-based E110 followed the parabolic law, and the derived oxidation rate constant is in good agreement with the Cathcart-Pawel (CP) correlation at 1100-1200°C. For 1000°C oxidation, the weight-gain of sponge-based E110 is much lower than Zircaloy-4. No breakaway oxidation was observed at 1000°C up to 8000 s. Ring compression tests were conducted to evaluate the residual ductility of oxidized samples at room temperature and at 135°C. All sponge-based E110 specimens were still ductile at 135°C after being oxidized up to 20% equivalent cladding reacted at 1000-1200°C. Metallographic examinations were performed on oxidized E110 specimens to correlate material performance with microstructure.
Estimating the number of recreational anglers for a given waterbody

Abstract Knowing how many anglers use a given body of water is paramount for understanding components of a fishery related to angling pressure and harvest, yet no study has attempted to provide an estimate of the population size of anglers for a given waterbody. Here, we use information from creel surveys in a removal-sampling framework to estimate total numbers of anglers using six reservoirs in Nebraska, USA, and we examine the influence of the duration of sampling period on those estimates. Population estimates (N ± SE) of unique anglers were 2050 ± 45 for Branched Oak Lake, 1992 ± 29 for Calamus Reservoir, 929 ± 10 for Harlan County Reservoir, 985 ± 24 for Lake McConaughy, 1277 ± 24 for Merritt Reservoir, and 916 ± 18 for Pawnee Lake during April–October 2015. Shortening the sampling period by one or more months generally resulted in a greater effect on estimates of precision than on estimates of overall abundance. No relationship existed between abundances of unique anglers and angling pressures across reservoirs and sampling duration, indicative of a decoupling of angler abundance and angling pressure. The approach outlined herein has potential to provide defendable answers to “how many are there?”, questions we ask when subjects cannot be marked, which should provide new insights about angler populations and subpopulations.
Slow Rise in Serum Creatinine Level in a Kidney Transplant Recipient 3 Years Post-Transplant.

For most American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Kidney Week attendees, case-based clinical nephrology talks are one of the most exciting venues. The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire (NQQ) is the essence of clinical nephrology and represents what drew all of us into the field of nephrology. This year