cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FREIGHT COMPONENTS IN LOUISIANA'S STATEWIDE INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN

Planning procedures used in addressing freight components for Louisiana's statewide intermodal transportation plan are described. The effort was unprecedented in Louisiana, and the experience can be applied in other states. User and provider involvement, demand analysis, network analysis, and recommended policies and programs for the water, rail, and intermodal freight components are described. Although an assessment of system capacity remained at the core of the effort, low cost improvements in system performance were also addressed. Analysis of future demand for facility capacity was performed in three steps. First, baseline historical flow patterns, including volume and modal orientation of inbound, outbound, intrastate, and transhipped movements, were established through extensive processing of data obtained. Second, volume forecasts for 11 major commodity groups were made for each of three possible growth scenarios. Third, a strategic outlook was developed for selected commodity types to examine market structure, productivity trends, and the competitive position of transportation providers in the state. Network capacity analysis identified few weak links or bottlenecks in the state's main line waterway and railroad networks. A stock and flow approach was taken to measure the capacity of various types of cargo transfer terminals. A comparative analysis of maritime terminal productivity and cost was performed to assess the competitiveness of ports in Louisiana. An extensive survey of the physical, operating, and institutional characteristics of terminal roadway and railroad access links was made.
Aluminum Nitride Ultrasonic Air-Coupled Actuator

A piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic radiator was developed using aluminum nitride (AlN) for air-coupled applications. A commercially proven CMOS-compatible fabrication process was leveraged to form the devices. The transducer design consists of a radially nonuniform circular composite diaphragm with an integrated layer of AlN between two annular electrodes. Included in the overall system design is a tunable package with back cavity depth control. A multiphysics model was developed that integrates the electrical, mechanical, and acoustic energy domains of the complete system using composite plate mechanics, lumped-element modeling, and linear acoustic theory. Acoustical, mechanical, and electrical characterization of the transducers was conducted, including acoustic far field, laser vibrometry, and electrical impedance measurements. The device characterization results showed poor quantitative match with the system-level model due to large uncertainties in film stress. However, a qualitative comparison between the device behavior and the system model with varying back cavity depth showed promising results. The overall device performance is comparable to those in previous works that utilized alternate piezoelectric films.
Power quality and symmetrical component analysis

Power quality problems can result from unbalances in either the system load or the system components. These unbalances can result in overheating of system components, difficulty in controlling equipment, and circulating currents in the delta winding circuits of machines. Appropriate system voltage and current measurements combined with symmetrical component analysis can determine the source of these system unbalances. A case study is presented. >
Long range interactions between oriented texture elements

Long range interactions between texture elements (short, oriented line segments) were examined. Specifically, we studied the influence of a background array of texture elements on the detectability of a target element (separated from the background by an intermediate textured region) using textures like those of Caputo (Vis. Res. 1996, 36, 2815-2826). We found that, in general, when the background elements were oriented orthogonally to the target element, detection of the target element was better than when the background elements had the same orientation as the target element. We discuss these interactions in terms of inhibitory and excitatory connections between orientation and spatial frequency selective linear filters (e.g. filters which mimic V1 simple cells) which would respond to the individual texture elements.
New PARP Gene with an Anti-Alphavirus Function

Alphaviruses represent a highly important group of human and animal pathogens, which are transmitted by mosquito vectors between vertebrate hosts. The hallmark of alphavirus infection in vertebrates is the induction of a high-titer viremia, which is strongly dependent on the ability of the virus to interfere with host antiviral responses on both cellular and organismal levels. The identification of cellular factors, which are critical in orchestrating virus clearance without the development of cytopathic effect, may prove crucial in the design of new and highly effective antiviral treatments. To address this issue, we have developed a noncytopathic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) mutant that can persistently replicate in cells defective in type I interferon (IFN) production or signaling but is cleared from IFN signaling-competent cells. Using this mutant, we analyzed (i) the spectrum of cellular genes activated by virus replication in the persistently infected cells and (ii) the spectrum of genes activated during noncytopathic virus clearance. By applying microarray-based technology and bioinformatic analysis, we identified a number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) specifically activated during VEEV clearance. One of these gene products, the long isoform of PARP12 (PARP12L), demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the replication of VEEV, as well as other alphaviruses and several different types of other RNA viruses. Additionally, overexpression of two other members of the PARP gene superfamily was also shown to be capable of inhibiting VEEV replication.
Transrectal ultrasound applicator for prostate heating monitored using MRI thermometry

Abstract Purpose: For potential localized hyperthermia treatment of tumors within the prostate, an ultrasound applicator consisting entirely of nonmagnetic materials for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed and tested on muscle tissue ex vivo and in vivo . Methods and Materials: A partial-cylindrical intracavitary transducer consisting of 16 elements in a 4 × 4 pattern was constructed. It produced a radially propagating acoustic pressure field. Each element of this array (1.5 × 0.75 cm), operating at 1.5 MHz, could be separately powered to produce a desired energy deposition pattern within a target volume. Spatial and temporal temperature elevations were determined using the temperature-dependent proton resonant frequency (PRF) shift and phase subtraction of MR images acquired during ultrasonic heating. Four rabbits were exposed to the ultrasound to raise the local tissue temperature to 45°C for 25 minutes. Six experiments compared thermocouple temperature results to PRF shift temperature results. Results: The tests showed that the multi-element ultrasound applicator was MRI-compatible and allowed imaging during sonication. The induced temperature distribution could be controlled by monitoring the RF power to each transducer element. Therapeutic temperature elevations were easily achieved in vivo at power levels that were about 16% of the maximum system power. From the six thermocouple experiments, comparison between the thermocouple temperature and the PRF temperature yielded an average error of 0.34 ± 0.36°C. Conclusions: The MRI-compatible intracavitary applicator and driving system was able to control the ultrasound field and temperature pattern in vivo . MRI thermometry using the PRF shift can provide adequate temperature accuracy and stability for controlling the temperature distribution.
The needs of racial/ethnic LGBT individuals across the cancer care Continuum

In the past two decades there has been a proliferation of research, services and political and social advocacy for sexual minority individuals. Despite these gains, knowledge about sexual minorities of color remains quite limited. The majority of studies on LGBT and cancer are hindered by low representation of non-Whites and few studies have large enough samples of people of color to permit reliable statistical analyses and meaningful results. Smaller-scale studies that rely on volunteer samples often include larger proportions of race/ethnic minority women, but even studies that purposefully target these groups are limited by relatively small subgroup sample sizes, particularly for groups other than African American and Latina. At least part of the problem of recruitment of LGBT individuals of color relates to historical distrust of research and White researchers in communities of color. However, other factors likely include the lack of cultural competency of researchers, failure to utilize evidence-based and proven approaches to recruit and retain individuals of color, research protocols that include exclusion criteria that disproportionately impact participants of color, and the reluctance of some people to disclose a sexual- or gender-minority status, to name just a few challenges. Against this backdrop of limited empirical data, we provide an overview of the unique issues facing LGBT individuals of color, and provide a discussion of general and unique risk factors across the cancer control continuum.
[Comment on] BOSP members

The new Board on Ocean Science and Policy (BOSP) (Eos, June 7, 1983, p. 402) met for the first time on May 4. John B. Slaughter, former director of the National Science Foundation and now chancellor of the University of Maryland in College Park, is the board's chairman. Other board members are D. James Baker, Jr. (University of Washington, Seattle); Kirk Bryan (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University); John P. Craven (University of Hawaii); Charles L. Drake (Dartmouth College); Paul M. Fye (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution); Edward D. Goldberg (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); G. Ross Heath (Oregon State University); Judith T. Kildow (Massachusetts Institute of Technology); John A. Knauss (University of Rhode Island); James J. McCarthy (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University); H. William Menard (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); C. Barry Raleigh (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory); Roger Revelle (University of California, San Diego); David A. Ross (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution); Brian J. Rothschild (University of Maryland); William M. Sackett (University of South Florida); John H. Steele (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution); and Carl Wunsch (MIT). Wallace Broecker (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory), an original board member, resigned after the first meeting. Broecker told Eos that combining the science and policy boards resulted in a new board whose mission is too broad. A new board member will be appointed in Broecker's place
Predicting adult stature: A comparison of methodologies

SummaryThree methods of predicting a child's adult height are in common use: Bayley and Pinneau (1952), Tanner et al. (1975) and Roche et al. (1975). The relative accuracies of these methods have been assessed using growth records (22 male, 24 female) from the Child Research Council, Denver, Colorado. A series of six ages from five years to mid-adolescence was examined. Testing all methods and ages within each sex with a multivariate design yielded significant differences in the methods' accuracies, but inspection of the data by age disclosed that the major discrimination occurred during adolescence, not childhood. Results also indicated that the method of skeletal age assessment (either Greulich-Pyle or TW2) is more critical to accurate height prediction than is the choice of prediction method per se. This is because of inter-population differences in the rate and pattern of progress towards maturity and thus indicates the need to compare the children under examination to the most appropriate population ...
The functional anatomy of human cardiac valves and unique visualization of transcatheter-delivered valves being deployed

The reanimation of large mammalian hearts, including those of humans, using Visible Heart® methodologies provides a unique perspective of functional cardiac anatomy. This knowledge is critical for design engineers and clinicians who seek less invasive cardiac repair approaches for patients with acquired or congenital structural heart defects.
Patient-generated secure messages and eVisits on a patient portal: are patients at risk?

Background Patient portals are becoming increasingly common, but the safety of patient messages and eVisits has not been well studied. Unlike patient-to-nurse telephonic communication, patient messages and eVisits involve an asynchronous process that could be hazardous if patients were using it for time-sensitive symptoms such as chest pain or dyspnea. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 7322 messages (6430 secure messages and 892 eVisits). To assess the overall risk associated with the messages, we looked for deaths within 30 days of the message and hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits within 7 days following the message. We also examined message content for symptoms of chest pain, breathing concerns, and other symptoms associated with high risk. Results Two deaths occurred within 30 days of a patient-generated message, but were not related to the message. There were six hospitalizations related to a previous secure message (0.09% of secure messages), and two hospitalizations related to a previous eVisit (0.22% of eVisits). High-risk symptoms were present in 3.5% of messages but a subject line search to identify these high-risk messages had a sensitivity of only 15% and a positive predictive value of 29%. Conclusions Patients use portal messages 3.5% of the time for potentially high-risk symptoms of chest pain, breathing concerns, abdominal pain, palpitations, lightheadedness, and vomiting. Death, hospitalization, or an ED visit was an infrequent outcome following a secure message or eVisit. Screening the message subject line for high-risk symptoms was not successful in identifying high-risk message content.
Physical Chemistry and in Vivo Tissue Heating Properties of Colloidal Magnetic Iron Oxides with Increased Power Absorption Rates

Superparamagnetic colloidal magnetic iron oxides (CMIO) are non-toxic, biocompatible, injectable agents that dissipate the energy of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the form of heat and therefore may be useful in providing local hyperthermic treatment of tumors. CMIO with greatly enhanced specific power absorption rates (SAR > 400 watts/gm Fe at I MHz, 100 Oersted) were synthesized with optimized procedures. These high-SAR CMIO have a peculiar spatial organization of magnetic grains around the polymer matrix with an unique dextran/iron ratio of 0.1–0.5 by weight, high values of initial magnetic susceptibilities and magnetic moments, which all contribute and correlate strongly with the high heat production properties. In vivo local hyperthermia at concentrations as low as 0.5 to 1 mg Fe/gm of tumor tissue can be easily achieved with these high-SAR CMIO with low non-specific heating of normal surrounding tissues.
Direct Solution for Triple Spiraled Compound Curve

Analytical solution presented is believed to be somewhat shorter and more fundamental than traditional solutions; after tangent distances of unspiraled compound curve have been computed, all that remains is few calculations which may usually be done by slide rule.
Regulation of Fibroblast Growth by Multiple Growth Factors in Serum-Free Media

In vitro studies of cellular growth regulation are based on observations that monolayer cultures of cell lines derived from normal tissue reversibly arrest growth at high density (Todaro and Green, 1963; Todaro et al., 1965). What originally made this model of growth control particularly interesting were demonstrations that agents that induced tumors in vivo also induced overgrowth of quiescent cell monolayers into piles of cells called foci. Early demonstrations of In vitro transformation included studies of carcinogenic hydrocarbons (Chen and Heidelberger, 1969), Rous sarcoma virus (Temin and Rubin, 1958), and the DNA1 tumor viruses SV40 (Todaro and Green, 1964), and polyoma (Stoker and MacPherson, 1961). Thus, an apparent correlation existed between aberrant growth in monolayer cultures and aberrant growth of tissue in vivo. The exact relationship between the properties of transformed cell lines In vitro and the invasive and metatastic behavior of tumors in vivo is not resolved. However, the cellular changes that permit growth of tumors cells in vivo and In vitro under conditions normaly not suited for cell proliferation are likely to be related.
On The Rise and Decline of Nations

This is an important addition to the literature of that growing field along the boundaries of economics, political science, sociology, and economic history. Mancur Olson, Jr. has extended the profound insight of his The Logic of Collective Action (1965) and used it to explain rapid national economic growth and subsequent decline. Growth, he argues, is impossible in a society riddled with vested interests, which frequently take the form of what he calls 'distributional coalitions' (sometimes called 'rent-seekers'), that spend their energy more on income distribution than on production. Thus, the Industrial Revolution in England occurred initially in the north and northwest, outside those areas dominated by guilds; and the economic miracle of German growth after World War II was made possible by that war's (and Naziism's) effect in dissolving the tangle of vested interests. Sustained economic growth with stable boundaries and political institutions is likely to slow down a society's capacity to adopt new technologies and to reallocate resources in response to changing conditions. Encrusted with collective organizations which get in each other's way-monopolies, conglomerates, cartels, pressure groups, lobbies, unions, trade associations and the like-economies become arteriosclerotic and arthritic. (Olsen says they become, 'rheumatic', but as a younger man than I he is inadequately acquainted with geriatrics to know of such matters.) Distributional coalitions have crowded agendas, difficulty in reaching effective decisions in timely fashion; they increase the complexity of regulation, require enlargement of the role of government and add to the difficulty of achieving social understanding. Traumatic shock may be required to escape their clutches. This is big-picture political economy and economic-cum-social history, of the order of the interpretations of Marx on class struggle, North and Thomas on property rights, Shonfield on economic planning, Rostow on take-off, Friedman and-on a somewhat different level-Vilar on the centrality of money (Vilar, 1976). Olson is careful to say that his theory is not monocausal. He pauses frequently in particular situations to say that one must allow for an admixture of many causal elements. He somewhat dilutes the modesty of these admissions, however, by recurring, time and again, to the need for a theory to be parsimonious, stripped to basics and to the smallest number of elements that will serve to explain outcomes. He clearly believes that his 'theory' is robust and rich enough to delineate the outline of economic history. Olson's ideas are advanced as a 'theory' of economic history, well short of a theorem, but more encompassing than a law, model or effect. Theorems may be limited to a small portion of the area to be explained, but within it have universality and susceptivity to refutation by counterexample. Laws also typically deal with limited aspects of economics and are general statements of tendencies, as in Engel's
The International Court of Justice and the Georgia/Russia Dispute

On1April 2011, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or ‘International Court’) upheld Russia’s preliminary objections in the case brought against it by the Republic of Georgia, bringing a swift and dramatic end to one of the most bizarre disputes to have come before the International Court. The dispute was preceded by a public military confrontation between the two states, with both sides making claims and counterclaims about the alleged violations of the international law norms on the use of force. It was therefore surprising that the dispute that finally found its way before the International Court was not about the international law norms on the use of force, but the alleged violations by Russia of the provisions of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1965 (CERD). Although the Court has now concluded, by ten votes to six, that it has no jurisdiction under
Intrarenal Distribution of Blood Flow in Dogs during Hemorrhagic Hypotension

Renal medullary blood flow was well maintained for several hours after blood loss which produced hypotension. Renal cortical blood flow was altered by trauma and mild hemorrhage even though blood pressure remained normal; rate of blood flow through the subcapsular, peritubular capillaries decreased to the level of that in the outer medulla. With further hemorrhage and the development of hypotension, rate of blood flow in large cortical areas was reduced to that of the outer medulla. With prolonged hypotension, the rate of blood flow in most of the cortex approached outer medullary rate and a single exponential could describe the flow in this combined area. Small regions of even slower flow rate began to appear in the outer cortex; patches of tissue appeared to be completely ischemic. The progression of cortical ischemia noted in these experiments may provide additional evidence for the pathogenesis of the patchy tubular necrosis noted in hemorrhagic shock.
Parabrachial nuclear complex Multiple functions and potential clinical implications

The parabrachial (PB) nuclear complex is located in the dorsolateral pons, surrounding the superior cerebellar peduncle. This complex consists of 3 major subdivisions: lateral PB, medial PB, and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus; each consists of several subnuclei that have different neurochemical markers and connections. The PB nuclear complex provides an interface between medullary reflexes and forebrain mechanisms regulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions. It is also involved in control of food and sodium intake, thermoregulation, and relay of pain and visceral sensations to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Recent evidence indicates that portions of the medial and lateral PB, via projections to the basal forebrain, are a critical component of the brainstem arousal system. The PB nuclear complex is activated by visceral and nociceptive inputs in humans; it is also a relay station of taste pathways in rodents, but its role in taste sensation in humans is uncertain. The PB may participate in compensatory ventilatory and arousal responses in the setting of sleep apnea. Involvement of the PB nuclear complex may underlie impaired arousal in comatose patients with brainstem lesions and may contribute to the manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders. The functional organization of the PB nuclear complex and its role in respiratory and cardiovascular control, food intake, sodium intake, thermoregulation, nociception, and arousal have been the subject of several reviews.1–15
Demonstration of an antigen common to several varieties of neoplasia.

Abstract The serum or plasma of 674 patients was studied by means of a radioimmunoassay that detects on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) an antigenic site exposed at low ionic strength. Serum specimens from 11 of 299 patients hospitalized for various illnesses other than neoplastic disease had elevated levels of antigen. Subsequently, two of these patients were found to have previously undetected entodermally derived adenocarcinoma. Elevated levels of CEA were observed in serum specimens from 87 of 101 patients with known colonic adenocarcinoma, 30 of 45 patients with breast carcinoma, 26 of 35 patients with lung carcinoma and 20 of 51 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Since serum from patients with both entodermally and nonentodermally-derived carcinoma had elevated levels of CEA an antigenic site common to several tumors appears to exist on CEA.
Sexual Assault and Heavy Episodic Drinking Among Women of Asian/Pacific Islander Ancestry and Women of European Ancestry

Sexual assault prevalence rates differ by ethnicity, and there is little research on sexual assault among women of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry, compared to women of European ancestry. In the current online study, we examined heavy episodic drinking, rates of assault, and assault severity among native and nonnative English-speaking college students of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry. Native English-speaking students of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry reported similar sexual assault severity before and since college, compared to their nonnative English-speaking counterparts. Students of European ancestry reported more severe before-college sexual assault histories than native English-speaking students of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry. No group differences were found in college sexual assault severity. Students of European ancestry reported more frequent heavy episodic drinking than native English-speaking students of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry, which in turn was associated with more severe assaul...
Abnormal responsiveness of granulocyte-committed progenitor cells in cyclic neutropenia

The mechanism(s) driving cyclic hematopoiesis in human cyclic neutropenia remains unknown. Clinical trials suggest that an abnormal responsiveness of bone marrow progenitor cells to hematopoietic growth factors might cause oscillatory blood counts. Studies were performed to determine whether an abnormal responsiveness to multiple growth factors exists in this disorder and whether the defect could be shown in highly enriched populations of marrow progenitor cells. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with congenital cyclic neutropenia required higher concentrations of added granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to achieve half-maximal colony growth than cells from normal subjects (478 +/- 90 pmol/L v 53 +/- 12 pmol/L, P less than .01). Patients also differed in requirement for granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (P less than .05), but not for interleukin-3 (P greater than .30). CD34+ bone marrow cells from three patients also showed this difference in G-CSF responsiveness (P less than .05). These data suggest that the defect in congenital cyclic hematopoiesis lies in growth factor receptor binding or the postreceptor signal transduction system that drives granulocytopoiesis.
Role of carboxyl and sulfhydryl residues on rabbit small intestinal brush-border membrane Na(+)-glucose cotransporter.

The role of sulfhydryl (SH) and carboxylic acid residues in Na(+)-dependent glucose uptake, Na(+)-dependent phlorizin binding, and substrate exchange by the rabbit small intestinal brush-border mem...
ASF1B chaperones histone 3.3 to the β-cell cycle dance.

A critical mass of pancreatic β-cells is required to maintain euglycemia. Insufficient β-cell mass occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, increasing β-cell mass is an attractiv...
Legal Cynicism, Antisocial Attitudes, and Recidivism: Implications for a Procedurally Just Community Corrections

ABSTRACTThe current approach to supervising offenders in the community has produced disappointing results in terms of reduced recidivism. In response to this, a number of scholars have turned their attention to the role that community corrections officers (CCOs) may play in ensuring successful community supervision. Early evaluations of CCO training have shown promising results, yet missing from this knowledge is a consideration for the legal cynicism that may be held by offenders. It may be unreasonable to expect CCOs to change the antisocial attitudes of offenders when those negative attitudes are directed toward them. The purpose of the current work, therefore, is to integrate ideas about legal cynicism into the knowledge about effective supervision to promote a more procedurally just community corrections. Our broader purpose is to encourage a more realistic understanding of the challenges of the officer-offender relationship in order to improve the efficacy of existing models of effective community s...
A multi-objective optimization model for gas pipeline operations

Abstract Natural gas is usually transported by pipeline networks. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model in optimizing the operation of natural gas pipeline networks. A mathematical model is established for different network configurations, namely linear, branch and looped topologies. Two conflicting objectives, power consumption minimization and gas delivery flow rate maximization, are considered subjected to pipeline and compressor constraints. The decision variables are the pressure at the nodes and the rotational speed of the compressors. A set of constraints is developed based on gas flow equations and compressors operating conditions. Due to the nonlinearity of the constraints and the objective, the developed model is a Nonlinear Programming problem. The optimization of the models is performed with NSGA-II algorithm. The solution obtained is a set of Pareto optimal points from which a decision maker can select a specific preferred solution. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of parameter changes.
Study on correspondence between evaluation of vibration sensation, average method, and measurement density of acceleration levels for impact vibration in prefabricated housing floor

Abstract This paper reports on an experimental study of a method used to select impact and measurement points to calculate evaluation values based on the distribution properties of a floor to determine the resistance performance in the case of floor vibration (floor impact vibration resistance performance). An evaluation value calculation method for evaluating the resistance performance of an entire floor, rather than that of only representative points under vibration, is studied. A vibration sensation evaluation experiment is also performed to confirm the suitability of the evaluation values obtained and study the relationship between the sensory criteria and the evaluation values. The results confirm that it is possible to fully represent the vibration resistance of an entire floor area based on five impact points and measurement points distributed diagonally on the floor surface, excluding the measurement points within 455 mm of the impact points. Furthermore, calculating the arithmetic mean of the maximum value of the vibration acceleration measured at each measurement point (five points) for each impact point (five points) and each frequency band, and then regarding the vibration acceleration level of each impact point as the evaluation value that is the arithmetic mean or equivalent, demonstrates that the vibration performance could be closely correlated with vibration sensation.
Cascade Reaction-Based, Near-Infrared Multiphoton Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of Cysteine.

The ability to detect and visualize cellular events and their associated target biological analytes through use of cell-permeable profluorogenic probes is dependent on the availability of activatable probes that respond rapidly and selectively to target analytes by production of fluorescent reporting molecules whose excitation and emission energies span a broad range. Herein is described a new probe, DCM–Cys, that preferentially reacts with cysteine to form a dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran (DCM) reporter whose red-energy fluorescence can be stimulated by two-photon, near-infrared excitation so as to provide visualization of cysteine presence inside living human cells with a high signal-to-background ratio. These aforementioned characteristics and the ability of DCM–Cys to provide selective, nanomolar-level in vitro cysteine detection, as demonstrated by its lack of significant response to other thiols and potential interfering agents from biological environments, are attributed to the molecular designs of the ...
Monitoring, Observations, and Remote Sensing – Global Dimensions

Satellite remote sensing instruments provide a unique perspective on the state and dynamic changes occurring in land, coastal, and oceanic ecosystems. They also provide detailed global observations of both natural and anthropogenically induced changes in land surface, atmospheric and climatic drivers that often indicate ecological health, and sustainability. Together with more specific in situ observations, space-based remote sensing of the global environment enables the investigation of the interplay between the different components of the earth/climate system as also the interaction between local and global processes. Space based remote sensing is indispensable for the monitoring of deforestation, ecosystem degradation, changes in forest carbon stocks and carbon recycling, among others.
Modeling the instinctive-emotional-thoughtful mind

Abstract Two-process notions of mental function, based on the dichotomy between intuition (or emotion) and reason (or deliberation), have been popular both in the scientific community and the general educated public. Yet the findings and insights of pioneering neuroscientists such as Paul MacLean, Walle Nauta, Karl Pribram, Antonio Damasio, and Luiz Pessoa argue against such a simple dichotomy. Rather, results from the last half century yield a picture that is closer to a triune parcellation of the mind into instincts, emotions, and thoughts, with extensive overlap as well as connections among brain regions involved in all three. Emotional processes are not always automatic and not in general opposition to reason. This article reviews the evidence from neuroscience and then discusses some computational models of interplay between instinctive, emotional, and deliberative brain processes in human decision making. The article concludes with comments on research and societal implications of this triune view of the mind.
Maternal and Infancy Addiction: Adolescent Mothers and Their Offspring

Adolescent psychoactive substance use disorders (APSUDs) and unplanned pregnancy are two of the most prevalent public health problems in the United States. Pregnancy and parenting during adolescence place adolescent females and their infants at increased risk for present and future medical, economic, and psychosocial problems. Concurrent PSUD adds to the severity of these problems (Zuckerman, Amaro, & Beardslee, 1987). This chapter reviews and discusses APSUDs in adolescent females who are pregnant or mothers, or both, and their offspring. It provides an update of the relatively limited information available on the prevalence, patterns, and outcomes of APSUDs among pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers with their infants.
A Family of Rhodium Complexes with Selective Toxicity toward Mismatch Repair-Deficient Cancers

Rhodium metalloinsertors are a unique set of metal complexes that bind specifically to DNA base pair mismatches in vitro and kill mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cells at lower concentrations than their MMR-proficient counterparts. A family of metalloinsertors containing rhodium-oxygen ligand coordination, termed "Rh-O" metalloinsertors, has been prepared and shown to have a significant increase in both overall potency and selectivity toward MMR-deficient cells regardless of structural changes in the ancillary ligands. Here we describe DNA-binding and cellular studies with the second generation of Rh-O metalloinsertors in which an ancillary ligand is varied in both steric bulk and lipophilicity. These complexes, of the form [Rh(L)(chrysi)(PPO)]2+, all include the O-containing PPO ligand (PPO = 2-(pyridine-2-yl)propan-2-ol) and the aromatic inserting ligand chrysi (5,6-chrysene quinone diimine) but differ in the identity of their ancillary ligand L, where L is a phenanthroline or bipyridyl derivative. The Rh-O metalloinsertors in this family all show micromolar binding affinities for a 29-mer DNA hairpin containing a single CC mismatch. The complexes display comparable lipophilic tendencies and p Ka values of 8.1-9.1 for dissociation of an imine proton on the chrysi ligand. In cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity assays with MMR-deficient cells (HCT116O) and MMR-proficient cells (HCT116N), the complexes containing the phenanthroline-derived ligands show highly selective cytotoxic preference for the MMR-deficient cells at nanomolar concentrations. Using mass spectral analyses, it is shown that the complexes are taken into cells through a passive mechanism and exhibit low accumulation in mitochondria, an off-target organelle that, when targeted by parent metalloinsertors, can lead to nonselective cytotoxicity. Overall, these Rh-O metalloinsertors have distinct and improved behavior compared to previous generations of parent metalloinsertors, making them ideal candidates for further therapeutic assessment.
Projectivism and the finite search for wholeness

There are several things that should be discussed in this chapter to further our understanding both of the finite search and the quest for totalities. The first is to consider the finite search in relation to the ego which is a much maligned topic among totalists. If the totalists had their choice they would give the ego a vacuous look and have us looking and watching the changing scenes of life without a center from which to look and watch. The vacuous look is not the answer to the finite search for wholeness. What is needed is not a recalculation or recalibration of the ego, as though it’s nothing but a big mistake, but a reconstitution and empowerment of the ego so it can be the center of focus in the finite search for wholeness.
Utilization of sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake in vitro as a measure of the activity of cholinergic neurons in vivo

Previous reports indicate that alterations of activity of cholinergic neurons in vivo are followed by parallel changes in sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake in vitro. These results are consistent with the proposal that this portion of choline uptake is regulatory in the synthesis of ACh. These results also suggest the possibility of utilizing sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake as a measure of the relative state of cholinergic activity in vivo. In this study, we administer a number of drugs reported to alter turnover and release of ACh (both are measures of cholinergic activity in vivo, and subsequently examine sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake in vitro. Administration of pentobarbital, chloral hydrate, morphine, physostigmine, Δ9 THC, hemicholinium-3 and oxotremorine, drugs which decrease ACh turnover and release, caused a reduction in choline uptake. Conversely, administration of pentylenetetrazol, atropine, scopolamine, and haloperidol, drugs which increase ACh turnover and release, caused an increase in choline uptake in vitro. These findings support the proposal that sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake can be used as a relative measure of the activity of cholinergic neurons in vivo.
Log++ logging for a cloud-native world

Logging is a fundamental part of the software development and deployment lifecycle but logging support is often provided as an afterthought via limited library APIs or third-party modules. Given the critical nature of logging in modern cloud, mobile, and IoT development workflows, the unique needs of the APIs involved, and the opportunities for optimization using semantic knowledge, we argue logging should be included as a central part of the language and runtime designs. This paper presents a rethinking of the logger for modern cloud-native workflows. Based on a set of design principles for modern logging we build a logging system, that supports near zero-cost for disabled log statements, low cost lazy-copying for enabled log statements, selective persistence of logging output, unified control of logging output across different libraries, and DevOps integration for use with modern cloud-based deployments. To evaluate these concepts we implemented the Log++ logger for Node.js hosted JavaScript applications.
An optimisation tool to select gravel roads for dust chemical treatment projects using genetic algorithms

As part of the Wyoming Technology Transfer Center (WYT2/LTAP) efforts to develop a Gravel Roads Management System (GRMS) in Wyoming, this research study developed a user-friendly tool, using JavaSc...
Easing the Transition to School: Administrators' Descriptions of Transition to School Activities

This paper details the early childhood transition activities of three schools in southern Queensland, Australia, as reported by school administrators. The transition programs were analysed using the categories of the Transition to School Matrix of the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Education. Activities fell into the first four categories (Key Aspects) of the NSW Matrix. Specific weaknesses existed in responding to the needs of the local community (Key Aspect 3), linking children's early learning (Key Aspect 4), and especially evaluation and review (Key Aspect 5). Implications of these results are discussed, including the relationship between conceptions of readiness and characteristics of transition programs, the need to improve collaboration between preschool and primary schools, the development of transition programming geared towards all preschool-aged children (including those who did not attend preschool) and for schools to move from a series of transition activities to fully planned, monitored and evaluated programs.
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection in a pet chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera).

Abstract Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus is a well-known opportunistic pathogen causing predominately cervical lymphadenitis in guinea pigs. However, isolation of this organism in chinchillas is rare. A 4-month-old, male intact pet chinchilla ( Chinchilla lanigera ) was presented for a rapidly growing mid-cervical mass, which was diagnosed as an abscess based on fine-needle aspirate and cytology. Aerobic bacterial culture grew a β-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. and mass spectrometry identified the organism as Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus . The infection resolved following oral administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Infection with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus should be a differential for abscessation in chinchillas.
Beyond Housing: Perceptions of Indirect Displacement, Displacement Risk, and Aging Precarity as Challenges to Aging in Place in Gentrifying Cities

Neighborhoods within age-friendly cities and communities are an important factor in shaping the everyday lives of older adults. Yet, less is known about how neighborhoods experiencing change influence the ability to age in place. One type of rapid neighborhood change occurring across major cities nationally and globally is gentrification, a process whereby the culture of an existing neighborhood changes through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses. Few studies have considered the impact of gentrification on older adults, who are among the most vulnerable to economic and social pressures that often accompany gentrification. The current study explores one consequence of gentrification, indirect displacement. While gentrification-induced displacement can refer to the physical (e.g., direct) displacement of residents moving out of a neighborhood due to rising housing costs, it also references the replacement of the unique character and social identity of a neighborhood (e.g., indirect displacement). We examine perceptions of the latter, characterized by perceived cultural shifts and housing concerns among adults aging in place in a gentrifying neighborhood in New York City. The implications of indirect displacement for displacement risk and aging precarity are discussed as potential threats to aging in place in age-friendly cities.
Spectroscopic Evidence for a Nitrite Intermediate in the Catalytic Reduction of NOx with Ammonia on Fe/MFI

The mechanism of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 over Fe/MFI was studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Exposing Fe/MFI first to NH3 then to flowing NO + O2 or using the reversed sequence, invariably leads to the formation of ammonium nitrite, NH4NO2. In situ FTIR results in flowing NO + NH3 + O2 at different temperatures show that NH3 is strongly adsorbed and reacts with impinging NOx. The intensity of the NH4NO2 bands initially increases with temperature, but passes through a maximum at 120 °C because the nitrite decomposes to N2 + H2O. The mechanistic model rationalizes that the consumption ratio of NO and NH3 is close to unity and that the effect of water vapor depends on the reaction temperature. At high temperature H_2O enhances the rate because it is needed to form NH4NO2. At low temperature, when adsorbed H2O is abundant it lowers the rate because it competes with NOx for adsorption sites.
Opening a Door to PARP Inhibitor-Induced Lethality in HR-Proficient Human Tumor Cells.

PARP inhibition (PARPi) kills tumor cells defective in homologous recombination-based repair (HR−) but not their HR+ competent counterparts. In this issue of Cancer Cell, it is shown that, when EZH2 is functionally silenced, HR+, CARM1-high, high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells become PARPi sensitive, undergo mitotic catastrophe, and die.
1064 nm Raman microscopy using a multifocal excitation pattern

Raman microscopy is well recognized as a nondestructive, label-free biomedical imaging method that provides abundant chemical information of the specimen. Excitation wavelengths in deep near-infrared (e.g., 1064 nm) are used in certain situations, such as when analyzing photosensitive/photolabile specimens to suppress the strong fluorescence and to avoid photodamage. However, the speed and quality of 1064 nm Raman imaging suffers from the low scattering efficiency at this long excitation wavelength and the high noise level of InGaAs detectors. In this study, we investigated a multifocal patterned approach for 1064 nm Raman imaging. A 2-D Hadamard-coded multifocal array generated with X-Y scanning galvomirrors is used to excite and collect multiple Raman spectra simultaneously. The individual spectrum at each focus is retrieved and reconstructed from the superimposed spectra of the multifocal patterns. We demonstrate that the multifocal approach improves both the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the imaging speed of Raman microscopy. Compared to the traditional point scan, at optimal detector conditions, the multifocal approach can be two-times faster for achieving the same image quality and SNR, or provides spectra with three-times higher SNR while applying the same energy dose at the focus. Such improvements of imaging speed and SNR increase up to one or two orders of magnitude under higher noise conditions, such as higher readout rate and higher detector temperatures. The multifocal approach presents advantages for certain imaging situations, such as when heating related damage limits the excitation energy dose that can be applied to the sample.