cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A clue for familial mitochondrial disorder: Discovering a vintage painting

A 73-year-old man presented with decades of slowly progressive bilateral ptosis and hearing loss. He also had peripheral polyneuropathy, intermittent binocular diplopia, and mild dysphagia and dysarthria. His mother and maternal grandmother had similar symptoms. He later discovered a vintage painting of his maternal great-grandfather (figure), which showed marked ptosis, disconjugate gaze, and facial weakness. Autosomal and maternal mitochondrial genome sequencing from blood revealed likely pathogenic heterozygous mutations at C10ORF2:c1366C > G (p.Leu456Val). The patient was diagnosed with autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia, which can be associated with missense mutation of the C10orf2 gene encoding mitochondrial DNA helicase.1
TruSense: Information Leakage from TrustZone

With the emergence of Internet of Things, mobile devices are generating more network traffic than ever. TrustZone is a hardware-enabled trusted execution environment for ARM processors. While TrustZone is effective in providing the much-needed memory isolation, we observe that it is possible to derive secret information from secure world using the cache contention, due to its high-performance cache sharing design. In this work, we propose TruSense to study the timing-based cache side-channel information leakage of TrustZone. TruSense can be launched from not only the normal world operating system but also a non-privileged user application. Without access to virtual-to-physical address mapping in user applications, we devise a novel method that uses the expected channel statistics to allocate memory for cache probing. We also show how an attacker might use the less accurate performance event interface as a timer. Using the T-table based AES implementation in OpenSSL 1.0.1f as an example, we demonstrate how a normal world attacker can steal fine-grained secret in the secure world. We also discuss possible mitigations for the information leakage.
Low-Temperature Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils Using Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

While bio-oil-derived fuels hold much promise as a replacement for petroleum, transformation of the highly oxygenated mixture has proven challenging. In particular, bio-oils are reactive and difficult to upgrade through catalytic pyrolysis. To reach a stabilized product capable of deep deoxygenation at elevated pressure and temperature, conversion or separation of reactive groups is required. This paper describes an electrochemical process for stabilization and upgrading of bio-oils prior to hydrotreating at high pressure and temperature. This electrolytic process uses a three-compartment cell designed to hydrogenate reactive carbonyl components while separating small acid molecules, such as acetic and formic acids, which act as catalysts for condensation reactions and consume hydrogen gas to produce low-value gases in hydrotreating. To avoid conductivity issues, electrodes are appended to anion- and cation-exchange membranes. The cell was tested using a mixed acetic acid and formic acid surrogate fed to ...
Fabrication of Functional Biomaterial Microstructures by in Situ Photopolymerization and Photodegradation

The in situ fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microstructures within poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic networks is a versatile technique that has enabled unique applications in biosensing, medical diagnostics, and the fundamental life sciences. Hydrogel structures have previously been patterned by the lithographic photopolymerization of PEGDA hydrogel forming solutions, a process that is confounded by oxygen-permeable PDMS. Here, we introduce an alternate PEG patterning technique that relies upon the optical sculpting of features by patterned light-induced erosion of photodegradable PEGDA deemed negative projection lithography. We quantitatively compared the hydrogel micropatterning fidelity of negative projection lithography to positive projection lithography, using traditional PEGDA photopolymerization, within PDMS devices. We found that the channel depth, the local oxygen atmosphere, and the UV exposure time dictated the size and resolution of hydrogel feat...
Laboratory and Imaging Diagnosis

It may seem odd to begin the chapter on laboratory and imaging diagnosis by quoting Dr. Mayo’s words disparaging machine-made diagnosis. Certainly we all value the tremendous advances that have been made in both the clinical laboratory and the various types of diagnostic imaging. However, the ready availability of just this sort of testing has fostered an attitude that the medical history and physical examination are just not as important as they were a generation ago. Based on a three-plus-decade-long career as a medical school professor, I can attest that this belief system has resulted in half-hearted instruction in history-taking and physical examination skills in teaching the current generation of medical students and residents, a skill deficit which, I believe, would sadden the brothers Mayo and the other medical giants of their day. This book has, in contrast to current trends, focused on the diagnostic clues to be found in the medical history and on physical examination. The laboratory and imaging options we have today must supplement, not replace, basic clinical acumen. With that preface, let us look at some of the benefits that the use of machines can provide.
Semidefinite Programming Problems

Semidefinite programming involves the minimization of a linear function subject to the constraint that an affine combination of symmetric matrices is positive semidefinite. Several types of problems can be transformed to this form. This constraint is in general nonlinear and nonsmooth yet convex. Semidefinite programming can be viewed as an extension of linear programming and reduces to the linear programming case when the symmetric matrices are diagonal.
Abstract WMP98: Genetic Deletion of Haptoglobin Ameliorates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-induced Brain Damage

Background: The presence of extracorpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) exacerbates brain damage following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Systemically, haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase glycoprotein that re...
Writing Down Goals: Does It Actually Improve Performance?

The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the effectiveness of writing down goals, as well as displaying them, on performance. Sixty-two college student participants were randomly a...
Religion and Health: Sociological Considerations

Empirical studies and theoretical reasoning about religion and health began with the origins of the discipline of sociology. Theoretical frameworks draw on Durkheim's concepts of social integration and regulation to understand religion as a determinant of health, and on Weber's concept of verstehen to understand religion as a source of meaning in illness. Physical health measures include mortality, morbidity, and disability; mental health measures include well-being, disorders of depression, substance abuse, anxiety, and psychoses. Multiple explanatory mechanisms for the relationship, including reduced risk behaviors, enhanced social support, and effective coping strategies, have been proposed.
PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION METAL CARBENE COMPLEXES. 14.1 THERMODYNAMIC ACIDITY MEASUREMENTS OF FISCHER CARBENE COMPLEXES IN ACETONITRILE

The pKa values of five Fischer carbene complexes of the general structure (CO)5CrC(OR)CHR‘R‘‘, of two (CO)4(PR3)CrC(OCH3)CH3 type complexes and of one aminocarbene complex, were determined in acetonitrile by a spectrophotometric method. These pKa values span a range from 22.2 for (CO)5CrC(OCH3)CH3 to 27.6 for Deprotonation of the carbene complexes was achieved with strong amine bases such as TMG, DBU, and BEMP. Attempts at measuring the pKa of some other carbene complexes failed either because of instability of the respective anions (e.g., (CO)5CrC(OCH3)CH(CH3)2) or because the pKa was too high for deprotonation to occur ((CO)5CrC(N(CH3)2)CH3). Similarities and differences in the structural dependence of these acidities in acetonitrile compared to other solvents such as 50% acetonitrile−50% water, DMSO, and THF are discussed.
Detecting Collapsed Buildings After a Natural Hazard on Vhr Optical Satellite Imagery Using U-Net Convolutional Neural Networks

Collapsed buildings are usually among the places in which the highest number of human casualties are reported after a natural disaster. Therefore, detecting collapsed buildings immediately after an event and providing the information to first responders will expedite rescue operations and save human lives. The most efficient way to get this information immediately and in large scale is to use earth observing satellites. To this end, the U.S. Defense Innovation Unit Experimental (DIUx) and National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) have recently released a dataset known as "xView" that contains thousands of labeled VHR World View 3 optical satellite imagery scenes. One of the label classes is "demolished building" with more than a thousand instances. In this study, we are using the xView dataset to create a deep learning framework for detecting the collapsed buildings immediately after a natural hazard. We have used a U-net style fully convolutional neural network (CNN).
Consumers’ Decaying Generosity Can Sustain a Profit-Oriented Firm Dependent on Social Preferences

Can social preferences sustain a for-profit company? We analyze panel data tracking payments of 57,196 customers for five years from an online retail firm whose profitability relies on consumers’ altruism. Most customers are generous and remain so over time. However, their generosity slowly declines as they gain purchase experience over time but does not reach zero. Furthermore, stingier, yet loyal consumers contribute cumulatively more to the firm’s long-term profitability than more generous consumers. These results suggest that altruism can not only sustain a firm in market contexts, but it can also be exploited to generate profits for the firm.
Firearm Storage Maps: A Pragmatic Approach to Reduce Firearm Suicide During Times of Risk.

Preventing firearm-related injury and death requires pragmatic, community-based solutions. The authors describe their initial experiences developing a statewide map of locations where firearms may ...
Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions

Point-of-care testing (POCT) allows physicians to detect and diagnose diseases at or near the patient site, faster than conventional lab-based testing. The importance of POCT is considerably amplified in the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous point-of-care tests and diagnostic devices are available in the market including, but not limited to, glucose monitoring, pregnancy and infertility testing, infectious disease testing, cholesterol testing and cardiac markers. Integrating microfluidics in POCT allows fluid manipulation and detection in a singular device with minimal sample requirements. This review presents an overview of two technologies - (a.) Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and (b.) Nucleic Acid Amplification - upon which a large chunk of microfluidic POCT diagnostics is based, some of their applications, and commercially available products. Apart from this, we also delve into other microfluidic-based diagnostics that currently dominate the in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) market, current testing landscape for COVID-19 and prospects of microfluidics in next generation diagnostics.
What Determines Creditor Recoveries

We examine determinants of creditor recoveries from defaulted debt instruments. First, we find that common measures of seniority and security, such as debt instrument types and collateral types, explain much less variations in recovery rates across defaulted debt instruments than seniority index, a new measure of seniority that we propose in this study. Second, firm-level variables, especially the trailing 12-month stock return, are more critical than industry- or macro-level variables, although the latter can also help, particularly for private firms for which stock price information is not available. The relative contribution of the industry and macroeconomic variables, however, varies with the modeling technique used. Finally, the joint distribution of default and recovery seems driven more by idiosyncratic risk than by systematic risk.
Hubungan Antara Pemilik Mesin Pendulangan Emas Dengan Kelompok Pendulang Emas Dalam Penanggulangan Risiko Kerja Di Desa Balai Banjang Kecamatan Pasak Talawang Kabupaten Kuala Kapuas Kalimantan Tengah

Penelitian ini menemukan (1) risiko kerja dalam pendulangan emas terdapat dua risiko , yakni (a) risiko fisik yaitu risiko teknis dalam aktivitas pendulangan. Terdapat empat risiko fisik dalam aktivitas pendulangan, yaitu longsor, terperosok ke dalam lubang galian, tertimpa mesin dan tenggelam di sungai. (b) Risiko sosial adanya penyimpangan sosial dalam aktivitas pendulangan yaitu, minuman keras, obat-obatan terlarang dan kecurangan dalam bekerja. (2) Bentuk mitigasi yang dilakukan pemilik mesin dan kelompok pendulang terhadap 2 risiko, (a) risiko fisik, adanya pencegahan dengan melakukan survei ke lokasi pendulangan untuk melihat titik-titik lubang pendulangan, sedangkan penanggulangannya dilakukan swadaya oleh kelompok pendulangan yang berada di lokasi pendulangan ketika melakukan evakuasi terhadap kelompok pendulang yang mengalami kecelakaan kerja. (b) risiko sosial, adanya pencegahan dengan melakukan pengawasan selama melakukan aktivitas pendulangan, sedangkan penanggulangan dilakukan pemberhentian kerja terhadap anggota kelompok pendulang terlibat konflik dan pencurian.
Hurricane Scenario Generation for Uncertainty Modeling of Coastal and Inland Flooding

Hurricanes that bring heavy rain and storm surge particularly may lead catastrophic flooding to both inland and coastal regions. In an effort to contribute to uncertainty quantification of impending flood events, we propose a probabilistic scenario generation scheme for hurricane flooding using state-of-art hydrological models to forecast both inland and coastal flooding. The hurricane scenario generation scheme incorporates locational uncertainty in hurricane landfall locations. Using a stratified sampling method, we generate multiple landfall locations for a forecasted hurricane and create flooding scenarios by shifting meteorological inputs such as precipitation. By combining inland and coastal flooding models, we seek to provide a comprehensive understanding of potential flood scenarios from an impending hurricane. To demonstrate the modeling approach, we use real-world data from the Southeast Texas region in our case study.
Prenatal diagnosis of familial recessive PIGN mutation associated with multiple anomalies: A case report.

Abstract Objective We present a novel homozygous splice site mutation in the PIGN gene identified by whole exome sequencing and explored the genotype–phenotype correlation. Case report A healthy 32-year-old woman underwent an ultrasound at 13 + 5 weeks of gestation. The ultrasound revealed multiple anomalies again including cystic hygroma, omphalocele and a ventricular septal defect. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated, and whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous splice site mutation in the PIGN gene c.963 G > A (p.Gln321Gln). The same variant was also detected by pedigree-based Sanger sequencing in both parents as heterozygous, while they had normal karyotypes. Conclusion Our case report enhances the phenotype–genotype correlation associated with homozygous loss of function mutations in the PIGN gene.
An Adenovirus early region 4 deletion mutant induces G2/M arrest via ATM activation and reduces expression of the mitotic marker phosphorylated (ser10) histone 3.

Abstract Adenovirus (Ad) type 5 (Ad5) early region 4 (E4) proteins inhibit the DNA damage response (DDR) including activation of the DDR kinase ATM and its substrates, which can induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. Infection with Ad5 or the E4 deletion mutant H5dl1007 (1007) resulted in the accumulation of post G1 cells with > 2 N cellular DNA content. A greater fraction of cells with 4 N DNA content was observed in 1007 infections compared to Ad5; this population was dependent on activation of ATM. G2/M checkpoint kinases, phosphorylated Chk2 (pChk2), and phosphorylated Cdk1 (pCdk1) were upregulated in 1007 infections, and 1007 showed reduced levels of the mitosis marker phosphorylated (Ser10) histone 3 compared to Ad5. Our results show that E4 mutant activation of ATM induces G2/M arrest via activation of checkpoint kinases, thereby contributing to viral-mediated regulation of the cell cycle.
Essential Special and General Education Teacher Competencies for Preparing Teachers for Inclusive Settings.

Mary Dingle is an assistant professor of special education with the Schoolof Education at Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California. E-mailmary.dingle@sonoma.eduMary A. Falvey is a professor of special education in the Division of SpecialEducation of the Charter College of Education at California State University,Los Angeles. E-mail mfalvey@calstatela.eduChristine C. Givner is a professor and chair of the Division of SpecialEducation of the Charter College of Education at California State University,Los Angeles. E-mail cgivner@calstatela.eduDiane Haager is a professor of special education in the Division of SpecialEducation of the Charter College of Education at California State University,Los Angeles. E-mail dhaager@calstatela.edu
Polymer surface electrochemistry for charge-based sensing in chemoreceptive neuron MOS (CvMOS) transistors

The charge-based sensing in chemoreceptive neuron MOS (CvMOS) transistors with the extended floating-gate structure has brought forth unique features that are beneficial to the system integration of chemical sensing. Surface chemical functionalization by polymers as the sensing-gate coatings has been employed to selectively sense polar and electrolytic fluids, which are physically isolated front the integrated CMOS circuitry with the modular insulation scheme. The repeatable measurement results have shown both good sensitivity and selectivity. The subthreshold-slope responses for various surface coatings have been analyzed and the corresponding circuitry utilizing the high transconductance gain in the CMOS transistors has been proposed to rapidly extract the encoded information for the CvMOS devices.
Energy Assessment and Conservation, In a University Environment

ABSTRACT The current state of the economy, along with the rising cost of energy, has strained the university's budget. As a result, the university is forced to cut spending. To elude the possibility of layoffs, wage decreases, or tuition increases, the university can cut costs by reducing the amount of energy it is using. In many cases, energy is not being utilized properly but instead is being wasted unnecessarily. Considerable savings can be obtained by better managing the university's energy usage. To estimate the potential energy savings by The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, the energy currently being used by the university was evaluated separately for each building. The assessments revealed a considerable amount of wasted energy. Lights were on in unoccupied rooms, and lights were also observed to be left on for extended periods of time. Computers were on and not being used, and they were rarely ever turned off. A number of personal fans, heaters, microwaves, and refrigerators were present in ...
The Role of the Chief Actuary of Social Security

The work done by the Office of the Chief Actuary is at the core of understanding the Social Security system and helps shape policy decisions that can have an impact on the country's taxpayers and beneficiaries for many years. The actuaries track the income and outgo for the system and make projections of its finances 75 years into the future. From the passage of the Social Security law in 1935, actuaries have been central to the management of the program and its policy planning. Regardless of who controls the White House and Congress, the actuaries have been able to demonstrate their credibility. Actuaries bring to the table mathematical rigor, humility, a strong degree of credibility and integrity, and political independence.
Intestate Succession in a Polygamous Society

The pursuit of polygamous unions by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in nineteenth-century Utah posed challenges for the law of the family unique in the annals of American legal history. The exotic familial relationships generated by plural marriages created novel and peculiar problems for the traditional law of intestacy. Mormon leaders, in an effort to avoid these problems, urged their polygamous brethren to make wills. Many polygamists, however, either neglected to plan their estates or were actively opposed to doing so. Mormon legislators accordingly sought to craft statutory schemes that would accommodate the peculiar inheritance needs of polygamous families. These statutes ultimately became a point of contention between the Utah assembly and Congress; between the Utah assembly and the Utah courts; and, not surprisingly, among the Mormons themselves.This dispute between Congress and the Utah legislative assembly was ancillary to the larger dispute between those two bodies over polygamy in general. The federal government had never looked favorably on plural marriage. In 1862, Congress made polygamy a felony in the territories, while the Justice Department initiated vigorous prosecution of offenders. In 1882, Congress disfranchised and disqualified from public office all polygamists and their wives. A congressional act of 1887 revoked the Mormon Church's corporate charter, confiscated much of the Church's property, and disfranchised all Utah women. Additionally, Utah was repeatedly denied statehood status due to the Church's refusal to repudiate the doctrine of plural marriage.During Utah's territorial period, the great majority of its judges were federally appointed. Given the federal government's devotion to the eradication of polygamy, it is not surprising that many of the judges appointed to the Utah bench were hostile to plural marriage. This hostility was occasionally manifested in cases involving the estates of intestate polygamists. Ironically, when Utah finally achieved statehood, the plural families of polygamist decedents fared no better under an elective state judiciary than they had under its territorial predecessor.But the Utah courts would never have had occasion to hear these cases had they not been litigated among the Mormons themselves. For much of the territorial period, such disputes had been handled by the Church's system of ecclesiastical courts. By 1890, however, Mormon society had undergone transformations that had diminished the viability of the theocratic commonwealth and of polygamy as an institution. The history of the law of intestacy in Utah during this period serves as a small illustration of the demise of a way of life.
Benchmarking diagnosis algorithms with a diverse set of IC deformations

Diagnosis algorithms for integrated circuits (ICs) are typically developed and evaluated using a limited number of logic-level models of defect behaviors. However, it is well-known that real IC defects exhibit behavior well outside these models. Consequently, the utility of IC diagnosis methodologies may be uncertain. A simulation-based benchmarking strategy is developed that uses circuit-level models to describe the complex nature of real defects. Specifically, we have proposed a simple yet powerful strategy using a small circuit and a set of bounded deformations (i.e., defects) for measuring the effectiveness of diagnosis techniques. Evaluation of several simple and commercial diagnosis algorithms indicates that this form of diagnosis benchmarking is viable.
Orbital rete and red muscle vein anatomy indicate a high degree of endothermy in the brain and eye of the salmon shark

The salmon shark has been ranked as the most endothermic lamnid shark based upon geographical range, extent of slow twitch muscle, supra-hepatic rete size, and limited temperature measurements, yet its anatomy has remained largely undescribed, and measurements of brain or eye temperatures have not been reported. In this study, four specimens are examined to determine if the morphological requirements for warming the brain and eyes are present. A well-developed arterial orbital rete lies within a venous sinus on both sides of the cranium. Cool, oxygenated blood from the gills can pass through the vessels of this exchanger before reaching the brain or eyes. Since venous blood in the sinus flows opposite the arterial blood, counter-current heat exchange can occur. A vein originating in the red swimming muscle likely contributes to the warmth of the venous sinus by supplying blood directly from the warmest region of the shark. Before collecting in the orbital sinus, this red muscle vein bathes the brain in warm blood. These morphological data suggest the salmon shark has a significant capacity to warm the brain and eyes.
Investigational hormone receptor agonists as ongoing female contraception: a focus on selective progesterone receptor modulators in early clinical development

Introduction: As efforts are made to continue to increase the safety of contraceptive methods, those without estrogen have attracted new attention. Progestin-only options are available in many delivery systems, but most cause disturbed bleeding patterns. For gynecologic patients, selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) have been approved for medical abortion, for ovulation suppression in emergency contraception, and for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding due to leiomyoma.Areas covered: This article discusses the role of SPRMs in controlling fertility on an ongoing basis with particular emphasis on mifepristone and ulipristal acetate (UPA), since none of the other compounds has progressed out of early Phase I – II testing. It also discusses important information about the mechanisms of action and safety of these two SPRMs.Expert opinion: Of all the investigational hormone agonist/antagonists, SPRMs have demonstrated the greatest potential as ongoing female contraceptives. They have the ab...
Geeks Bearing Gifts: Imagining New Futures for News by Jeff Jarvis. New York, NY: CUNY Journalism Press, 2014. ISBN: 978-1-939293-73-2 (paperback), 226 pp.

Geeks Bearing Gifts, the latest book by the City University of New York (CUNY) journalism professor, consultant, blogger, and entrepreneur Jeff Jarvis, focuses on relationships—the kind that news e...
Learning to propose objects

We present an approach for highly accurate bottom-up object segmentation. Given an image, the approach rapidly generates a set of regions that delineate candidate objects in the image. The key idea is to train an ensemble of figure-ground segmentation models. The ensemble is trained jointly, enabling individual models to specialize and complement each other. We reduce ensemble training to a sequence of uncapacitated facility location problems and show that highly accurate segmentation ensembles can be trained by combinatorial optimization. The training procedure jointly optimizes the size of the ensemble, its composition, and the parameters of incorporated models, all for the same objective. The ensembles operate on elementary image features, enabling rapid image analysis. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the presented approach outperforms prior object proposal algorithms by a significant margin, while having the lowest running time. The trained ensembles generalize across datasets, indicating that the presented approach is capable of learning a generally applicable model of bottom-up segmentation.
Orimulsion® spill modelling in marine environments

Orimulsion, a fuel product developed in Venezuela and transported to markets by ocean going tankers, is an emulsion composed of about 70% bitumen (a heavy hydrocarbon) and 30% water to which a surfactant has been added. It has the potential to serve as an inexpensive alternative to Fuel Oil No. 6, an energy source presently used to heat large industrial and electric utility boilers throughout the world. Although Orimulsion is a heavy hydrocarbon fuel, its behavior in marine environments is quite different than that observed for oil. When spilled, Orimulsion rapidly separates in the affected water body into a dissolved fraction that contains an emulsifier and a suspended fraction that contains bitumen (a viscous asphalt like material). The bitumen does not have the cohesive properties exhibited by oil spilled into water, rather it forms a ''cloud'' of individual bitumen particles. Under prolonged quiescent conditions the bitumen particles can rise to the surface in sea water or sink to the bottom in fresh water. However, in either case, an increase in the energy state of the water can rapidly remix the bitumen into the water column. In this paper, the status of modeling Orimulsion spills in marine environments is discussed. The physical and chemical processes that would take place in an Orimulsion spill are examined and incorporated into the design of the model ORI_SLIK, a fate and transport model for marine environments.
Evaluating multimedia chemical persistence: Classification and regression tree analysis

For the thousands of chemicals continuously released into the environment, it is desirable to make prospective assessments of those likely to be persistent. Widely distributed persistent chemicals are impossible to remove from the environment and remediation by natural processes may take decades, which is problematic if adverse health or ecological effects are discovered after prolonged release into the environment. A tiered approach using a classification scheme and a multimedia model for determining persistence is presented. Using specific criteria for persistence, a classification tree is developed to classify a chemical as persistent or nonpersistent based on the chemical properties. In this approach, the classification is derived from the results of a standardized unit world multimedia model. Thus, the classifications are more robust for multimedia pollutants than classifications using a single medium half-life. The method can be readily implemented and provides insight without requiring extensive and often unavailable data. This method can be used to classify chemicals when only a few properties are known and can be used to direct further data collection. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the approach.
Elucidation of the extraordinary 4-membered pyrrole ring-contracted azeteoporphyrinoid as an intermediate in chlorin oxidation

Reaction of 2,3-dioxochlorins with benzeneselenic anhydride (BSA) results in the formation of unusual ring-contracted azetine derivatives that further react with BSA to afford porpholactones.
What Makes Management Research Interesting, And Why Does It Matter?

This article discusses management research and what makes it interesting. In a well-known paper, “That’s Interesting!” Murray Davis argued that what most makes scholarly work interesting is that it...
The Impact of Absent A1 Segment on Ischemic Stroke Characteristics and Outcomes

Background A1 segment is the proximal portion of anterior cerebral artery. Absence of the A1 segment can compromise anterior cerebral collateral blood flow. Few studies have examined the association of an absent A1 segment and ischemic stroke outcome. We sought to determine the association between A1 absence and affected vessel territory, stroke volume, and outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods A retrospective review of prospectively identified patients with AIS from July 2008 to March 2013 was performed. Patients without intracranial vascular imaging were excluded. We compared patients with absent A1 to patients with bilateral A1 segments in terms of demographics, stroke severity (as measured by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), vascular distribution, and in-hospital mortality using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results Of the 1146 patients with AIS and intracranial vascular imaging, 5.9% patients (n = 68) had absent A1. Compared with other AIS patients, those with absent A1were older (65 vs. 63 years old, respectively, P = .016). There was no difference between groups in terms of the vascular distribution or the side of the stroke. The median volume of the infracted tissue was similar across the groups even when it was stratified according to the Treatment of Acute Stroke Trial classification. Patients with an absent A1 had twice higher odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.2; P = .028); however, significance was lost after adjusting to age, NIHSS at baseline, and glucose on admission. Other outcome measures were similar across the groups. Conclusions In our sample, patients with an absent A1 segment did not have a specific vascular distribution, larger infarct volume, or worse outcomes.
Stem aerenchyma as a character separating Hymenachne and Sacciolepis (Gramineae, Panicoideae)

Hymenachne andSacciolepis, two closely related tropical genera, have been distinguished by the saccate second glume in the latter, a trait lacking in the former. It is difficult to assign certain species to genus on this basis alone. A survey of both genera showed that aerenchyma fills the stem pith region ofHymenachne species but is absent or nearly so fromSacciolepis species. The leaf epidermis ofHymenachne bears prickle cells, which have not been reported fromSacciolepis. Additional anatomical details are given forH. amplexicaulis.
The Role of Facial Attractiveness and Facial Masculinity/Femininity in Sex Classification of Faces

We tested whether adults (experiment 1) and 4 - 5-year-old children (experiment 2) identify the sex of highly attractive faces faster and more accurately than not very attractive faces in a reaction-time task. We also assessed whether facial masculinity/femininity facilitated identification of sex. Results showed that attractiveness facilitated adults' sex classification of both female and male faces and children's sex classification of female, but not male, faces. Moreover, attractiveness affected the speed and accuracy of sex classification independently of masculinity/femininity. High masculinity in male faces, but not high femininity in female faces, also facilitated sex classification for both adults and children. These findings provide important new data on how the facial cues of attractiveness and masculinity/femininity contribute to the task of sex classification and provide evidence for developmental differences in how adults and children use these cues. Additionally, these findings provide support for Langlois and Roggman's (1990 Psychological Science 1 115 121) averageness theory of attractiveness.
Adsorption of CO and C2H4 on Rh-loaded thin-film praseodymium oxide

Abstract A praseodymium oxide thin-film was deposited on Ru(0 0 0 1) by vapor depositing Pr in 2 × 10 −7 Torr O 2 while the Ru was at 700 K. The film was approximately 5 nm thick and did not produce a LEED pattern. The adsorption and reaction of CO and C 2 H 4 adsorbed on Rh supported on the PrO X film were studied by TPD and SXPS. The CO initially reacted with oxygen in the substrate to produce CO 2 . After this oxygen was removed, the CO adsorbed non-dissociatively in a manner similar to what is seen on Rh(1 1 1). C 2 H 4 adsorbed on the Rh particles and underwent progressive dehydrogenation to produce H 2 during TPD. The C from the C 2 H 4 reacted with the O in PrO X to produce CO. CO dissociation on the Rh particles could be promoted by reducing the PrO X with C 2 H 4 before CO exposure. The CO dissociation occurred over a narrow range of Pr reduction and occurred only at high degrees of reduction. No CO dissociation was seen for films with a Pr 3+ content of up to 50%. Extensive treatment in C 2 H 4 poisoned subsequent CO adsorption due to the build-up of C on the Rh particles.
Do social networks influence small-scale fishermen's enforcement of sea tenure?

Resource systems with enforced rules and strong monitoring systems typically have more predictable resource abundance, which can confer economic and social benefits to local communities. Co-management regimes demonstrate better social and ecological outcomes, but require an active role by community members in management activities, such as monitoring and enforcement. Previous work has emphasized understanding what makes fishermen comply with rules. This research takes a different approach to understand what influences an individual to enforce rules, particularly sea tenure. We conducted interviews and used multiple regression and Akaike’s Information Criteria model selection to evaluate the effect of social networks, food security, recent catch success, fisherman’s age and personal gear investment on individual’s enforcement of sea tenure. We found that fishermen’s enforcement of sea tenure declined between the two time periods measured and that social networks, age, food security, and changes in gear investment explained enforcement behavior across three different communities on Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast, an area undergoing rapid globalization.
Democratic Governance and the Role of the Police

The police, in any society, are often the most visible representatives of the state's power. Given the ability of the police to deprive citizens of the basic right of liberty, the maintenance of police legitimacy in a democracy is paramount. Additionally, the effectiveness of the police in a de mocracy is inherently tied to a community's percep tion of the police as a legitimate agent of the state. A great deal of literature exists on discussions pertaining to controlling the police and safeguarding the public against an arbitrary abuse of power, yet there is an ever-increasing group of scholars who have begun to ponder the important and systemic role that the police may play in the formation and maintenance of a democratic society. As evidenced by these works, an increasing myriad of multidisciplinary researchers are focusing their interests on the political, social, and institutional roles of police in a democratic society.
Possible Hydrophobic Region in Myelin Basic Protein Consisting of an Orthogonally Packed β-Sheet

Theoretical analysis was carried out to determine how the approximately 20% of beta-structure observed in the 18.5 kilodalton (kDa) myelin basic protein (MBP) could be organized into a relatively stable beta-sheet. The beta-sheet is presumed to consist of the five most hydrophobic segments of polypeptide chain, which have beta-structure potential. These correspond approximately to sequences 15-21, 37-45, 84-92, 106-112, and 148-154 (rabbit MBP sequence numbering) and constitute beta-strands a, b, c, d, and e, respectively. A number of constraints are imposed upon the sheet; e.g., it should have the same topology in all MBP forms (21.5, 18.5, 17, and 14 kDa); strand e should lie at the sheet edge; strands b, c, and d should be ordered sequentially; the sheet formed by strands a, b, c, and d should be antiparallel; a maximum of the nonpolar surface area should be removed from the aqueous milieu; and charged side chains should be solvent-accessible. On the basis of these constraints it is possible to propose six orthogonally packed beta-sheets having different topologies. If strand e is restricted to an antiparallel alignment, the number of different sheets is reduced to four. Each of these sheets can form a relatively compact hydrophobic globular region. Two of the strands (a and e) can undergo transitions to alpha-helix without disrupting the structure of the remaining sheet bcd or producing major topologic rearrangements of the polypeptide chain.
Molecular orbitals in momentum space

The troublesome problem of developing cusps in ordinary molecular wave functions can be avoided by working with momentum-space wavefunctions for these have no cusps. The need for continuum wavefunctions can be eliminated if one works with a hydrogenic basis set in Fock's projective momentum space. This basis set is the set of R4 spherical harmonics and as a consequence one may obtain, solely by the ordinary angular momentum calculus, algebraic expressions for all the integrals required in the solution of the momentum space Schr6dinger equation. A number of these integrals and a number of R4 transformation coefficients are tabulated. The method is then applied to several simple united-atom and l.c.a.o. wavefunctions for H+, and ground state energies and corrected wavefunctions are obtained. It is found in this numerical work that the method is most appropriate at internuclear distances somewhat less than the equilibrium distance. In Fock's representation both l.c.a.o. and unitedatom approximations become exact as the internuclear distance approaches zero. The united-atom expansion can be viewed as an eigenvalue equation for the root-meansquare momentum, po = (- 2E). In the molecule, the matrix operator corresponding to po is related to the operator for the united-atom by a sum of unitary transformations, one for each nucleus in the molecule.
Pathophysiology of coronary artery disease leading to acute coronary syndromes

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are among the most serious and catastrophic of acute cardiac disorders, accounting for hundreds of thousands of deaths each year worldwide. Although the incidence of AMI has been decreasing in the US according to the American Heart Association, heart disease is still the leading cause of mortality in adults. In most cases of AMI and in a majority of cases of SCD, the underlying pathology is acute intraluminal coronary thrombus formation within an epicardial coronary artery leading to total or near-total acute coronary occlusion. This article summarizes our current understanding of the pathophysiology of these acute coronary syndromes and briefly discusses new approaches currently being researched in an attempt to define and ultimately reduce their incidence.
Telomeres at a glance

The linearity of chromosomes creates two major problems for eukaryotic cells: the end-replication problem and the end-protection problem. The end-replication problem stems from the inherent inability of the replication machinery to fully duplicate linear templates. The end-protection problem refers
The measurement of dispersion in small mammal populations.

A method of analyzing the spatial relationships among the home ranges of small mammals is described. This method compares the amount of overlap observed for a given set of home ranges with the overlap that would be expected if those ranges were distributed randomly within the habitat. Application of this method to the home range maps of Peromyscus leucopus showed that white-footed mice of the same sex occupied mutually exclusive ranges, but tended to occur in areas occupied by members of the opposite sex.
Improving the identification of verbs

In automatically assigning part-of-speech tags to scientific text, we find a high error rate when tagging main verbs. To reduce the occurrence of this serious error, we have created a neural network to search for main verbs that have been mis-tagged by a rule-based tagger. In this paper we describe our efforts to evolve the connection weights for the neural network, and to fractally configure another neural network for the same task.
1254 THE EARLY-ONSET EFFECT OF BILIARY OBSTRUCTION ON CO EXCRETION IN THE RAT

Common bile duct ligation in the adult male Wistar rat increases the rate of total bilirubin formation (TBF) as estimated by the excretion of carbon monoxide (VeCO). This increase is not due to elevation in the hepatic subcomponent of “earlylabeled” bilirubin (ELB) formation as measured by 14C-4-Δ-aminolevulinic (J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 3:790, 1984). This study examines total ELB formation in rats 3 days after complete common bile duct ligation. VeCO was measured preoperatively and on the third day after creation of complete biliary obstruction. The rate of ELB formation was measured by recovery of exhaled 14CO following intraperitoneal injection of 14C-2-glycine (20 μCi/100gm) on the third postoperative day. Preoperatively, there was no significant difference in the VeCO between control and experimental rats. On the third postoperative day, the VeCO of control rats had returned to baseline from an elevated rate, due to the surgery, while the VeCO of experimental rats was increased by 31% (paired t-test, p<0.02). Total fractional recovery of injected label over a 36 hr collection period was similar for control (8.5±0.7 × 10−5, n=8) and experimental (8.2±0.2 ± 10−5, n=7) rats. Based on these data, we conclude that the rise in TBF in this obstructive model is not due to ELB formation. The results further suggest that increased red cell destruction occurs rapidly after short-term biliary obstruction, and may cause the increased TBF, contributing to the pathogenesis of obstructive jaundice.
Significance of the Bohr and Haldane effects in the pulmonary capillary.

Abstract A mathematical model was developed to assess the significance of the Bohr and Haldane shifts on determination of partial pressure profiles in the pulmonary capillary. Digital computer calculations showed that these shifts have a marked effect on the partial pressure profiles for both oxygen and carbon dioxide during both hypoxia and normoxia. An effective red cell diffusion capacity for CO2 (θ2) was calculated as 1.0 ml·ml−1·min−mm Hg−1. The half-time (t 1 2 ) of the “intracellular Bohr-shift” was 25 msec. These values are used to calculate carbon dioxide profiles. Carbon dioxide is not completely equilibrated by the time that blood has traveled through the pulmonary capillary. There is a marked indirect interaction between CO2 and O2 diffusion mediated through the Bohr and Haldane effects.
A finite element-shooting analysis of laminar boundary layerst †

Based on the shooting method, a class of finite elements is formulated for the numerical analysis of steady state viscous boundary layer flow problems. The technique is used to solve the Blasius similarity relation for the flat plate. The equation is subdivided into a system of first order ordinary (non-linear) differential equations and discretized using linear elements. The resulting non-linear algebraic equations are solved iteratively by the non-linear Gauss- Siedel method. The accuracy of the finite element technique described herein is compared to the first order finite difference approximation of the Blasius relation. The finite element formulation results in a weaker effect of the step size on the converged solution than the difference scheme. The results are in good agreement with the other numerical solutions of the boundary layer equations.
Brand Placement: A Review

Abstract Brand placement—often referred to as “product placement”—is a growing practice in an increasing number of media vehicles. Through placement, a brand is included as part of a mass media program in return for some consideration from the advertiser. This review clarifies the definition of brand placement and outlines an emerging body of research into placement, especially in its potential impact on program audiences. Missing, though, has been a framework that recognizes the strong bond audiences may form with programs and characters—and the unique opportunity brand placement affords advertisers to represent desirable identity characteristics through the brand/character pairing.
The Relationship Between Racial Identity, Ethnic Identity, and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination in an Afro-Caribbean Descent Sample:

Racial identity ego statuses (i.e., one’s psychological orientation to his or her racial group membership) can have an important impact on how some Blacks perceive and experience racial discrimination in the United States. The present study investigates the relationships between racial identity status attitudes, ethnic identity, and perceptions of racial discrimination among 82 Afro-Caribbeans. Results indicate that racial identity and ethnic identity are significant predictors for perceptions of racial discrimination during the course of one’s lifetime. Implications for the field of psychology are discussed.