cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of temperature preference and the role of the enlarged cheliped in thermoregulation in male sand fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator

Abstract 1. Male Uca pugilator whose major cheliped was immersed in 3 °C water bath experienced a significant drop in T b . Thus, the enlarged claw of male Uca pugilator may have an unexplored function: thermoregulation. 2. Crabs prefer warmer substrates (19–24 and 28–30 °C) over cooler (15–17 °C). 3. Mean selected temperature (MST) may not be an accurate reflection of T b . Crabs in a thermal chamber preferred temperatures between 25 and 30 °C but their average T b was 23.2 °C.
Comparison of the kinetics ofhigh-temperature oxidation of Fe as influenced by metal purity and cold work

Abstract The oxidation of annealed and cold-worked Fe of varying purity was investigated at 500and 550°C in Oa at latm. The apparent parabolic rate constant for cold-worked Fe is high initially, drops steeply, and approaches a constant value at long times. Annealed Fe oxidizes slowly and develops voids between oxide and metal. The faster oxidation of cold-worked Fe is caused not only by extra vacancy sinks in the metal suppressing void formation at the Fe304-Fe interface but because diffusion through the oxide is rapid initially. Three values of the oxidation “rate constant” can be distinguished —for cold-worked Fe, for annealed Fe with oxide in good contact, and for annealed Fe with separated oxide. Impurities affect the oxidation of cold-worked Fe by increasing the amount of cold work, and of annealed Fe by modifying the separation between oxide and metal.
Robotic radical cystectomy

OBJETIVOS En la ultima decada hemos visto un tremendo crecimiento en la implantacion y desarrollo de los robots quirurgicos. Popularizados por la prostatectomia radical, las tecnicas roboticas estan siendo, en la actualidad, muy aplicadas en la cistectomia radical. Trataremos aqui de revisar el desarrollo y estado actual de la cistectomia radical robotica (CRR) en la practica contemporanea de la urologia. METODOS Se ha revisado toda la literatura publicada, entre 1995 y 2007, en la base de datos de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (MEDLINE) utilizando las palabras clave: robotica, asistido por robot, laparoscopica y cistectomia. Desde el primer trabajo en 2003, se han encontrado 9 originales publicados. Se valoraron con respecto a la tecnica, ventajas y desventajas perioperatorias y resultados oncologicos. Describimos asimismo nuestra experiencia inicial, aun no publicada. RESULTADOS En este momento todos los articulos publicados sobre la CRR se basan en un numero pequeno de pacientes con seguimientos a corto plazo. No obstante, demuestran la viabilidad de la CRR con resultados perioperatorios esperanzadores. Comparada con la cistectomia radical abierta (CRA), la CRR parece estar asociada con menor perdida de sangre, estancia hospitalaria y necesidades analgesicas. Estas ventajas se encuentran asimismo en la cistectomia radical laparoscopica (CRL) y son una funcion del abordaje minimamente invasivo. El tiempo quirurgico es mayor, de forma considerable cuando el tiempo intestinal se realiza de manera intracorporea. CONCLUSIONES La cistectomia radical robotica esta en evolucion. La viabilidad tecnica ha sido demostrada. Los resultados perioperatorios iniciales son prometedores. Los resultados oncologicos esperan identificar el papel de la misma en el manejo del cancer de vejiga. Se necesitan ensayos prospectivos y aleatorizados comparando la CRA con la CRR y la CRL.
Use of Humour in Medical Teaching.

Humour, whether considered cognitively or affectively, is complex and ubiquitous. It is claimed to have adjunctive value in clinical medicine. Claims regarding its effects also indicate that humour can make a valuable contribution to the educational process. Humour is understood to reduce anxiety and stress, build confidence, improve productivity, heighten interest, reduce boredom and encourage divergent thinking, yet it has been difficult to establish positive value for humour in helping student learning. Approximately equal numbers of studies of the effects of humour on student learning have been negative and positive. Informal observation suggests its use in medical teaching is widespread yet little reference is made to the use of humour in teaching in the medical literature. Research into the role of humour in medical teaching is made difficult by the complex nature of the production, perception and appreciation of humour, by the difficulty in contriving humour in controlled settings, by the importanc...
Efficient, Low Latency Adaptation for Speech Recognition

Constrained or feature space maximum likelihood linear regression (FMLLR) is known to be an effective algorithm for adaptation to a new speaker or environment. It employs a single transformation matrix and bias vector to linearly transform the test speaker's features. FMLLR makes no assumption on the underlying noise, environment or speaker and estimates parameters to maximize likelihood of the test data. The standard implementation needs considerable computational power, requires significant amounts of storage, and requires a first pass decoding before adaptation can begin. In this paper, we propose a simplified implementation of FMLLR for embedded applications to address these problems. Here, we employ a simple speech/silence segmentation to estimate parameters. We operate in the 13 dimensional cepstral space, hence resource requirements are low. The algorithm does not require a first pass decoding (parameter estimation is accomplished entirely in the front end) and can be applied with low latency as compared to FMLLR. The algorithms we describe here provide an attractive tradeoff between the power of FMLLR and the computational simplicity of Cepstral Mean Subtraction. With minimal cost, we achieve nearly 15% relative gains on an embedded speech recognition task.
CD4+ T cells drive goblet cell depletion during Citrobacter rodentium infection.

Both idiopathic and infectious forms of colitis disrupt normal intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and differentiation, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that infection by the attaching and effacing murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium leads to a significant reduction in colonic goblet cell numbers (goblet cell depletion). This pathology depends on T and/or B cells, as Rag1−/− mice do not suffer this depletion during infection, instead suffering high mortality rates. To address the immune mechanisms involved, we reconstituted Rag−/− mice with either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Both T cell subsets increased Rag1−/− mouse survival during infection, with mice that received CD8+ T cells developing colonic ulcers but not goblet cell depletion. In contrast, mice that received CD4+ T cells showed goblet cell depletion in concert with exaggerated IEC proliferation. To define the possible involvement of T cell-derived cytokines, we infected gamma interferon receptor gene knockout (IFN-γR−/−) mice and wild-type mice given interleukin 17A (IL-17A) neutralizing antibodies and found that IFN-γ signaling was required for both goblet cell depletion and increased IEC proliferation. Immunostaining revealed that C. rodentium cells preferentially localized to nonhyperplastic crypts containing numerous goblet cells, whereas hyperplastic, goblet cell-depleted crypts appeared protected from infection. To address whether goblet cell depletion benefits the C. rodentium-infected host, we increased goblet cell numbers using the γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ), which resulted in greatly increased pathogen burdens and mortality rates. These results demonstrate that goblet cell depletion reflects host immunomodulation of IEC homeostasis and reflects a novel host defense mechanism against mucosal-adherent pathogens.
Careless Whispers: The Doubleness of Spanish Love

This essay explores the "national" division of Spain, and Spanish football in particular, from the perspective of a long-distance Liverpool Football Club fan. The route to and through Spain, through its turbulent and bloody political history, is mediated by the persona of the Basque midfield maestro, Xabi Alonso. Marveling at Alonso's sublime skills, "Careless Whispers" reflects on the complicated and multiply divided nature of (international) football fandom. The path from Liverpool, England, to San Sebastian, Bizkaia, is riddled with many histories, but it is precisely because of the "diversions" and contradictions that map this journey that Xabi Alonso is able to stand as the figure of footballing explication.
Volumetric imaging of turbulent reactive flows at kHz based on computed tomography

Diagnostics with three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution and rapid temporal resolution have been long desired to resolve the complicated turbulence-chemistry interactions. This paper describes a method based on based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) to address this diagnostic need. The TC technique used multiple cameras to simultaneously record CH* chemiluminescence emitted by turbulent flames from different view angles. A 3D tomographic algorithm was then applied to reconstruct the instantaneous flame structures volumetrically. Both experimental and computational studies have been conducted to demonstrate and validate the 3D measurements. Experimental results were obtained instantaneously at kHz temporal rate, in a volume of 16 × 16 × 16 cm3, and with a spatial resolution estimated to be 2~3 mm. Computations were conducted to simulate the experimental conditions for comparison and validation.
General Principles of Antiarrhythmic Therapy for Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias

Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias is a significant cause of mortality in patients with structural heart disease. Over the past several decades, the introduction of new pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy has expanded the treatment options available. This article will focus on the use of antiarrhythmic medication for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and will review the following: (1) treatment goals for various clinical populations, (2) the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic actions of antiarrhythmic medications, and (3) empiric versus guided pharmacologic therapy.
Disease management: remote monitoring in heart failure patients with implantable defibrillators, resynchronization devices, and haemodynamic monitors

Heart failure represents a major public health concern, associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A particular focus of contemporary heart failure management is reduction of hospital admission and readmission rates. While optimal medical therapy favourably impacts the natural history of the disease, devices such as cardiac resynchronization therapy devices and implantable cardioverter defibrillators have added incremental value in improving heart failure outcomes. These devices also enable remote patient monitoring via device-based diagnostics. Device-based measurement of physiological parameters, such as intrathoracic impedance and heart rate variability, provide a means to assess risk of worsening heart failure and the possibility of future hospitalization. Beyond this capability, implantable haemodynamic monitors have the potential to direct day-to-day management of heart failure patients to significantly reduce hospitalization rates. The use of a pulmonary artery pressure measurement system has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization in a large randomized controlled study, the CardioMEMS Heart Sensor Allows Monitoring of Pressure to Improve Outcomes in NYHA Class III Heart Failure Patients (CHAMPION) trial. Observations from a pilot study also support the potential use of a left atrial pressure monitoring system and physician-directed patient self-management paradigm; these observations are under further investigation in the ongoing LAPTOP-HF trial. All these devices depend upon high-intensity remote monitoring for successful detection of parameter deviations and for directing and following therapy.
The prevalence and correlates of fear of falling in elderly persons living in the community.

OBJECTIVES. Fear of falling has been recognized as a potentially debilitating consequence of falling in elderly persons. However, the prevalence and the correlates of this fear are unknown. METHODS. Prevalence of fear of falling was calculated from the 1-year follow-up of an age- and gender-stratified random sample of community-dwelling elderly persons. Cross-sectional associations of fear of falling with quality of life, frailty, and falling were assessed. RESULTS. The prevalence of fear increased with age and was greater in women. After adjustment for age and gender, being moderately fearful of falling was associated with decreased satisfaction with life, increased frailty and depressed mood, and recent experience with falls. Being very fearful of falling was associated with all of the above plus decreased mobility and social activities. CONCLUSIONS. Fear of falling is common in elderly persons and is associated with decreased quality of life, increased frailty, and recent experience with falls.
Comparative chemosensory cognition.

Don Griffin, one of the foremost students of comparative cognition, offered the following definition of cognition: “The term cognition is ordinarily taken to mean information processing in human and nonhuman central nervous systems that often leads to choices and decisions” (Griffin and Speck, 2004). Clearly we can study cognition by analyzing animal information processing systems and the manner in which behavioral choices and decision making are altered by experience. The use of olfactory information for guiding a wide range of basic biological decisions is ubiquitous in animals, including humans (Gelperin, 2010). Chemosensory processing, and particularly olfactory information processing, is a particularly attractive modality within which to seek comparative insights into cognitive processes underlying learning and memory.
Oligodendroglioma: the ultrastructural spectrum.

Oligodendroglia, so designated by del Rio Hortega1 on the basis of their cytology, particularly their scant processes, were subsequently postulated by Bailey and Cushing2 to be the progenitors of oligodendrogliomas. The latter authors encountered 9 such tumors in their series of gliomas. Accordingly, they formulated the following description, “Oligodendroglioma is a cellular tumor of peculiar type in which fibrillar astrocytes occasionally appear and the neoplastic cells have spherical nuclei with a heavy chromatin network, and are surrounded by a ring of cytoplasm which stains very feebly by ordinary staining methods. Between the cells is an indefinite material which stains neither for neu-rofibrillae, neuroglia, nor for connective tissue. This material may give the growth somewhat the appearance of the cross-section of a plant. No mitotic figures can be seen. These tumors are prone to become calcified.”
Visual estimate of percent of carcinoma predicts recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Tumor volume is an important prognosticator for predicting prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP). We assessed the ability of the visual estimate of the percent of carcinoma (VEPC) to predict recurrence.Methods and Materials: As performed by 1 surgeon (MSS), 1,114 men underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and February 2002. Patients who had less than 12 months of followup, who underwent salvage RP or in whom VEPC was not assessed in the pathology specimen were excluded. VEPC and other clinical variables were analyzed. We performed univariate analysis using the Kaplan-Meier log rank test. Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression was performed.Results: A total of 692 patients with a mean age of 61 ± 7 years met the criteria for this analysis. Mean followup was 52 ± 30 months. Of the patients 17% had biochemical recurrence. Mean VEPC was 25% and 13% in those with and without recurrence, respectively. On univariate analysis all variables ...
On the relative merits of dynamic topographies and isopycnic distributions for the study of ocean-current trajectories

A review of the objections to the use of dynamic topographies for the study of actual current-trajectories on the assumption that the lines of flow should run parallel with the dynamic contour-lines. The errors developing from this assumption when the topographic method is applied in the presence (1) of true convergence with significant components of motion in the vertical, (2) of changes in horizontal centrifugal forces, (3) of internal contraction or expansion of the moving liquid itself, and (4) of actual acceleration or retardation of motion whether indicated by the dynamic topography or not, were discussed and demonstrated by actual examples taken from available oceanographic records.
Creating Psychological Presence: Exploring Effective Presentation Techniques in Academia

Unfortunately, the phrase ‘‘academic presentation’’ has become synonymous with ‘‘boring babble.’’ Although we are pretty good at identifying what doesn’t work when we hear a not-so-great presentation and at knowing what is annoying to audiences, we are often left wondering how to put together a really effective presentation, both in content and in delivery. We may know what not to do, but we don’t necessarily know what to do.
Poly(secondary amine)s from diacrylates and diamines

Poly(secondary amine)s were prepared by the Michael-type addition of diacrylates or bisacrylamides with diprimary amines carrying an α or β branching to the amino groups. The steric hindrance due to branching rendered the primary amine monofunctional in respect to the acrylate, thus producing soluble polymers.
Lyapunov Exponents and Stochastic Flows of Linear and Affine Hereditary Systems

In this article we intend to review known results—and also discuss new ones—concerning the existence of flows and the characterization of Lyapunov exponents for trajectories of stochastic linear and affine hereditary systems. Such systems (also called stochastic functional differential equations) are stochastic differential equations in which the differential of the state variable x depends on its current value x(t) at time t as well as its previous values x(s), t − r ≤ s < t. We shall be concerned almost exclusively with the finite history case 0 ≤ r < ∞.
Damage modeling of ballistic impact in woven fabrics

The focus of this chapter is on characterizing and developing a robust and reliable material model for dry, woven fabrics. These materials have the capability of protecting systems that are subjected to impact, including high-velocity ballistic impacts such as those seen in propulsion engines' fan-containment systems and soft body armor. A framework is described for obtaining the material properties, building and using a finite element model suitable for explicit finite element analysis, and ensuring that the results are correct. Examples of finite element models used for high-velocity impact analysis are discussed. The chapter concludes with discussions on future trends in materials development, experimental techniques and modeling.
High Frequency Dielectric Response of Calcium Aluminate Cements: Potential Packaging Substrate Materials

Dielectric permittivity and loss tangent were measured on: 1) pressed disks of four different calcium aluminate cements shear mixed with water and poly(vinyl alcohol) and cured at room temperature and 2) laminates of SECAR 71 cement sintered at 1450°C. Post resonance and perturbation methods were used for microwave frequency measurements. Far infrared dielectric response of the cements was determined by FTIR in the diffuse reflectance mode. The real and imaginary parts of the relative dielectric permittivity were obtained via a conventional Kramers-Kronig analysis.
Effect of Protons on the Redox Chemistry of Colloidal Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals

Electron transfer (ET) reactions of colloidal 3–5 nm diameter ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) with molecular reagents are explored in aprotic solvents. Addition of an excess of the one-electron reductant Cp*2Co (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) gives NCs that are reduced by up to 1–3 electrons per NC. Protons can be added stoichiometrically to the NCs by either a photoreduction/oxidation sequence or by addition of acid. The added protons facilitate the reduction of the ZnO NCs. In the presence of acid, NC reduction by Cp*2Co can be increased to over 15 electrons per NC. The weaker reductant Cp*2Cr transfers electrons only to ZnO NCs in the presence of protons. Cp*2M+ counterions are much less effective than protons at stabilizing reduced NCs. With excess Cp*2Co or Cp*2Cr, the extent of reduction increases roughly linearly with the number of protons added. Some of the challenges in understanding these results are discussed.
Carpenter Bees of the Subgenus Notoxylocopa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

The New World subgenus Notoxylocopa of the genus Xylocopa contains 2 species and 10 subspecies of carpenter bees, distributed between western North America and northern South America, from Oregon to Ecuador. The subspecies are distinguished by color features and geographic location; most occur in the more mountainous areas but 2 approach sea level; some are crepuscular while others are diurnal or even matinal. Keys, descriptions, synonymies, distribution records (with a map), known nesting habits, and figures of the male genitalia are given. Proposed new taxa and changes in rank and synonymy are Xylocopa tabaniformis sylvicola, X. t. pallidiventris, X. t. melanura ( X. m. Cockerell), X. t. azteca (X. a. Cresson; =X. t. var. rufina Maidl, =X. t. alborufa Friese).
National Trends in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Extremely Young Patients: A Focus on Bearing Surface Usage From 2009 to 2012.

Abstract Background The ideal bearing surface for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in young patients remains a debate. Data on recent national trends are lacking. The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis on the national epidemiologic trends of bearing surface usage in patients aged ≤30 years undergoing THA from 2009 through 2012. Methods Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2012, 9265 THA discharges (4210 coded by bearing surface) were identified in patients aged ≤30 years. Prevalence of surface type was analyzed along with patient and hospital demographic data. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (SAS version 9.1; SAS, Inc, Cary, NC). Significance was set at P Results Ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) bearing surfaces were most commonly used, representing 35.6% of cases, followed by metal-on-polyethylene (MoP; 28.0%), metal-on-metal (MoM; 19.3%), and ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC; 17.0%) bearing surfaces. Hard-on-hard bearing surfaces (MoM and CoC) represented only 36.4% of cases, a significant decrease from previously reported findings (2006-2009) where hard-on-hard bearing surfaces were the majority (62.2%; P P Conclusion Use of hard-on-hard surfaces has decreased significantly in this population, whereas CoP and MoP surfaces have become increasingly common. Determining the optimal bearing surface for extremely young patients continues to be a challenge for orthopedic surgeons as they weigh the risks and benefits of each.
Rapid multiresidue analysis of 12 macrolides and lincoamides in honey by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Objective:To develop a simple and rapid method for the determination of 12 macrolides and lincoamides residues in honey by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Methods:Samples were first adjusted to neutral and then dissolved in 20% methanol solution.After being separated on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column,the analytes were detected by positive electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in the MRM mode and quantified by matrix-match internal standard method.Results:The limits of detection and limits of quantitaion for the 12 compounds were within 0.1 μg/kg～1.0 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg～3.0 μg/kg,respectively.The average recoveries for the macrolides and lincoamides ranged from 94% to 115% with the relative standard deviation(RSD) of 1.3%～14.7%(n=6).Conclusion:This method is simple,sensitive and accurate to confirmatively detect the 12 macrolides and lincoamides residues in honey.
The Study and of Technology of Booster Pump Variable Frequency Speed Regulation in Oil Field Water Injection Station

Water injection is one of the main measures of onshore oil production in China.It can maintain the formation pressure and achieve high and stable yield of crude oil effectively.In oil production,electricity consumption of water injection accounted for a large proportion of the total cost,so research and reform the energy-saving of water injection system has a very important practical significance.This paper analyzes the technology of booster pump variable frequency control,introduces the principle of energy conservation.and apply this technology to experimental reform on one water injection station in Daqing oilfield.Experimental results show that this technology Save energy effectively solve the problems such as low pump-efficiency of injection-pumps,large pressure difference between pump and tube and the high energy consumption.It has a good performance in energy-saving and achieved good economic benefits.
Efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal decontamination in the treatment of oral poisoning.

Syrup of Ipecac is the method of choice to promote gastric emptying in the awake, alert patient; lavage is a reasonable alternative when emesis fails or is contraindicated. The absorption of toxic substances is further minimized by administration of activated charcoal.
GERD and acid reduction medication use following gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common comorbid medical condition of obesity. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has been associated with de novo and worsening GERD following surgery. For this reason, patients who suffer from GERD and are considering bariatric surgery are often counseled to undergo gastric bypass. Given this practice, we sought to determine acid reduction medication (ARM) utilization in bariatric surgical patients who undergo one of these procedures prior to surgery and at 1 year following surgery.
Psychological Co-morbidities of Cancer

This chapter provides information about four psychological comorbidities common in people with cancer: depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and sexual problems. The general organization of the chapter is to first describe the etiology of these comorbidities, noting in particular mechanisms relatively specific to cancer and its treatment. Next, information is provided about the prevalence and course of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and sexual problems in people with cancer and about the procedures typically used in oncology settings to assess these comorbidities. Results of randomized controlled trials with cancer patients bearing on the management of these comorbidities are then summarized. To facilitate translation of research into clinical practice, methods are described for developing evidence-based treatment recommendations based on this literature. In addition, descriptions are provided of several interventions found to be efficacious in the randomized controlled trials reviewed which also possess good potential for dissemination and incorporation into clinical practice. The chapter concludes with a consideration of existing gaps in research on psychological comorbidities in cancer and recommendations for conducting research more relevant to clinical practice.
Introduction: Theorizing Afrolatinidades

This introduction proposes our concept of afrolatinidad. It provides a review of the relevant literature, an overview of our theories of afrolatinidad, and a chapter synopsis.
Inhibition by Somatostatin Interneurons in Olfactory Cortex

Inhibitory circuitry plays an integral role in cortical network activity. The development of transgenic mouse lines targeting unique interneuron classes has significantly advanced our understanding of the functional roles of specific inhibitory circuits in neocortical sensory processing. In contrast, considerably less is known about the circuitry and function of interneuron classes in piriform cortex, a paleocortex responsible for olfactory processing. In this study, we sought to utilize transgenic technology to investigate inhibition mediated by somatostatin (SST) interneurons onto pyramidal cells (PCs), parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, and other interneuron classes. As a first step, we characterized the anatomical distributions and intrinsic properties of SST and PV interneurons in four transgenic lines (SST-cre, GIN, PV-cre, and G42) that are commonly interbred to investigate inhibitory connectivity. Surprisingly, the distributions SST and PV cell subtypes targeted in the GIN and G42 lines were sparse in piriform cortex compared to neocortex. Moreover, two-thirds of interneurons recorded in the SST-cre line had electrophysiological properties similar to fast spiking (FS) interneurons rather than regular (RS) or low threshold spiking (LTS) phenotypes. Nonetheless, like neocortex, we find that SST-cells broadly inhibit a number of unidentified interneuron classes including putatively identified PV cells and surprisingly, other SST cells. We also confirm that SST-cells inhibit pyramidal cell dendrites and thus, influence dendritic integration of afferent and recurrent inputs to the piriform cortex. Altogether, our findings suggest that SST interneurons play an important role in regulating both excitation and the global inhibitory network during olfactory processing.
Measurement of variations in the neutron background at sea using a Neutron Scatter Camera

We present results from recent neutron background measurements at sea with the neutron scatter camera. We successfully deployed and operated a Neutron Scatter Camera onboard a cargo vessel. We present measurements of angular and temporal variations in the neutron background at various geomagnetic rigidities between Oakland, CA and Honolulu, HI at sea as well as at various locations within the cargo vessel itself. We also present results of extensive detector calibration studies made to reduce systematic measurement errors.
TapSkin: Recognizing On-Skin Input for Smartwatches

The touchscreen has been the dominant input surface for smartphones and smartwatches. However, its small size compared to a phone limits the richness of the input gestures that can be supported. We present TapSkin, an interaction technique that recognizes up to 11 distinct tap gestures on the skin around the watch using only the inertial sensors and microphone on a commodity smartwatch. An evaluation with 12 participants shows our system can provide classification accuracies from 90.69% to 97.32% in three gesture families -- number pad, d-pad, and corner taps. We discuss the opportunities and remaining challenges for widespread use of this technique to increase input richness on a smartwatch without requiring further on-body instrumentation.
114. Integrins Are Required for Adenovirus 5 Transduction in Cells of Lymphocyte Origin

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most widely used vector in cancer gene therapies. The high efficiency and broad range of host transduction, easy genome manipulation, non-integration into the host genome, and the well-characterized molecular biology of adenovirus have made them an excellent choice for cancer therapeutics. Ad5 infects cells by binding to the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) followed by internalization mediated by binding of viral penton RGD motifs to cell surface integrins (avb3, avβ5). Low levels of Ad5 infection of both human and murine lymphocytes have been linked to the absence of CAR on these cells. We have previously reported that low levels of integrins on canine lymphoma cells are a potential obstacle to Ad5 infection. In the current report we have evaluated CAR and integrins at the molecular level by using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (Q-RT-PCR) in a broad range of canine tumor cells including lymphomas (OSW, 17-71), mast cells (BR, MPT1), melanocytes (CML7, CML10), histiocytoma (DH82) and mammary adenocarcinomas (CMT28). Normal canine fibroblasts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and HEK293 cells were used as controls. All of the cell lines were exposed to Ad5G/L virus at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 10, 100, and 1000 viral particles per cell. Ad5G/L is a replication incompetent virus vector that infect cells utilizing the classical CAR and integrin infection mechanism. Ad5G/L expresses both GFP and luciferase after infecting cells. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that Ad5G/L successfully infected CMT28, DH82, HEK293, CML7, CML10, and NCF at 48 hrs. post infection at all 3 multiplicities of infection. There was limited or no Ad5G/L infection in the lymphoma cell lines, PBMCs, and MPT1 mast cells. The mast cell line BR was the exception, showing relatively high levels of infection. Q-RT-PCR results showed low level of integrins in MPT1, 17-71, OSW, and PBMC cells in comparison to CMT28, DH82, and BR cells. Interestingly, CAR mRNA levels were comparatively higher in MPT1, 17-71, OSW, and PBMC cells. These data indicate that lack of integrins and not CAR is the primary reason for the inability of Ad5G/L infection to infect cells of lymphocyte origin. The defect in cell surface integrins must be addressed if Adenoviral vectors are to be used to transfer genes to lymphocytes or tumors in cells of lymphocyte origin.
Relative risk for HIV in India – An estimate using conditional auto-regressive models with Bayesian approach

Indian states are currently classified into HIV-risk categories based on the observed prevalence counts, percentage of infected attendees in antenatal clinics, and percentage of infected high-risk individuals. This method, however, does not account for the spatial dependence among the states nor does it provide any measure of statistical uncertainty. We provide an alternative model-based approach to address these issues. Our method uses Poisson log-normal models having various conditional autoregressive structures with neighborhood-based and distance-based weight matrices and incorporates all available covariate information. We use R and WinBugs software to fit these models to the 2011 HIV data. Based on the Deviance Information Criterion, the convolution model using distance-based weight matrix and covariate information on female sex workers, literacy rate and intravenous drug users is found to have the best fit. The relative risk of HIV for the various states is estimated using the best model and the states are then classified into the risk categories based on these estimated values. An HIV risk map of India is constructed based on these results. The choice of the final model suggests that an HIV control strategy which focuses on the female sex workers, intravenous drug users and literacy rate would be most effective.
Prehospital Blood Product Administration Opportunities in Ground Transport ALS EMS - A Descriptive Study.

IntroductionHemorrhage remains the major cause of preventable death after trauma. Recent data suggest that earlier blood product administration may improve outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether opportunities exist for blood product transfusion by ground Emergency Medical Services (EMS). METHODS This was a single EMS agency retrospective study of ground and helicopter responses from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2015 for adult trauma patients transported from the scene of injury who met predetermined hemodynamic (HD) parameters for potential transfusion (heart rate [HR]≥120 and/or systolic blood pressure [SBP]≤90). RESULTS A total of 7,900 scene trauma ground transports occurred during the study period. Of 420 patients meeting HD criteria for transfusion, 53 (12.6%) had a significant mechanism of injury (MOI). Outcome data were available for 51 patients; 17 received blood products during their emergency department (ED) resuscitation. The percentage of patients receiving blood products based upon HD criteria ranged from 1.0% (HR) to 5.9% (SBP) to 38.1% (HR+SBP). In all, 74 Helicopter EMS (HEMS) transports met HD criteria for blood transfusion, of which, 28 patients received prehospital blood transfusion. Statistically significant total patient care time differences were noted for both the HR and the SBP cohorts, with HEMS having longer time intervals; no statistically significant difference in mean total patient care time was noted in the HR+SBP cohort. CONCLUSIONS In this study population, HD parameters alone did not predict need for ED blood product administration. Despite longer transport times, only one-third of HEMS patients meeting HD criteria for blood administration received prehospital transfusion. While one-third of ground Advanced Life Support (ALS) transport patients manifesting HD compromise received blood products in the ED, this represented 0.2% of total trauma transports over the study period. Given complex logistical issues involved in prehospital blood product administration, opportunities for ground administration appear limited within the described system. MixFM, ZielinskiMD, MyersLA, BernsKS, LukeA, StubbsJR, ZietlowSP, JenkinsDH, SztajnkrycerMD. Prehospital blood product administration opportunities in ground transport ALS EMS - a descriptive study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):230-236.
Monte Carlo Calculations of Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

By requiring an average backflow correlation, we select a particular Boys and Handy form for a variational wave function. This form explains roughly 75 percent of the correlation energy of the atoms Helium through Argon and some molecules. Good agreement of our calculated ionization potentials and electron affinities shows that this wave function is behaving well in the chemically important valence region. We also explore techniques to visualize where the variational wave functions have high variance.
Association of Patient Frailty With Increased Morbidity After Common Ambulatory General Surgery Operations

Importance Frailty is a measure of decreased physiological reserve that is associated with morbidity and mortality in major elective and emergency general surgery operations, independent of chronological age. To date, the association of frailty with outcomes in ambulatory general surgery has not been established. Objective To determine the association between frailty and perioperative morbidity in patients undergoing ambulatory general surgery operations. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 140 828 patients older than 40 years of age from the 2007-2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File who underwent ambulatory and 23-hour-stay hernia, breast, thyroid, or parathyroid surgery. Data analysis was performed from August 18, 2016, to June 21, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures The association between the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program modified frailty index and perioperative morbidity was determined via multivariable logistic regression with random-effects modeling to control for clustering within Current Procedural Terminology codes. Results A total of 140 828 patients (80 147 women and 60 681 men; mean [SD] age, 59.3 [12.0] years) underwent ambulatory hernia (n = 71 455), breast (n = 51 267), thyroid, or parathyroid surgery (n = 18 106). Of these patients, 2457 (1.7%) experienced any type of perioperative complication and 971 (0.7%) experienced serious perioperative complications. An increasing modified frailty index was associated with a stepwise increase in the incidence of complications. In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, anesthesia type, tobacco use, renal failure, corticosteroid use, and clustering by Current Procedural Terminology codes, an intermediate modified frailty index score (0.18-0.35, corresponding to 2-3 frailty traits) was associated with statistically significant odds ratios of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.54-1.88; P P P P P Conclusions and Relevance Frailty is associated with increased perioperative morbidity in common ambulatory general surgery operations, independent of age, type of anesthesia, and other comorbidities. Surgeons should consider frailty rather than chronological age when counseling and selecting patients for elective ambulatory surgery.
MINLP Application for ACH Interiors Restructuring

In 2006, Ford Motor Company committed to restructure the $1.5 billion ACH interiors business. This extensive undertaking required a complete re-engineering of the supply footprint of 42 high-volume product lines over 26 major manufacturing processes and more than 50 potential supplier sites. To enable data-driven decision making, we developed a decision support system (DSS) that could quickly yield a variety of solutions for different business scenarios. To drive this DSS, we developed a non-standard mathematical model for the assignment problem and a novel practical approach to solve the resulting large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). In this paper, we present the MINLP and describe how we reformulated it to remove the nonlinearity in the objective function, while still capturing the supplier facility cost as a function of the supplier’s utilization. We also describe our algorithm and decoupling method that scale well with the problem size and avoid the nonlinearity in the constraints. Finally, we provide a computational example to demonstrate the algorithm’s functionality.
Taxol Analogues Exhibit Differential Effects on Photoaffinity Labeling of β-Tubulin and the Multidrug Resistance Associated P-Glycoprotein

Several next-generation taxanes have been reported to possess high potency against Taxol-resistant cancer cell lines overexpressing βIII-tubulin and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp), both of which are involved in drug resistance. Using a photoaffinity Taxol analogue, 2-(m-azidobenzoyl)taxol, two potent next-generation taxanes, SB-T-1214 and SB-CST-10202, exhibited distinct inhibitory effects on photolabeling of β-tubulin from different eukaryotic sources that differ in β-tubulin isotype composition. They also specifically inhibited photolabeling of P-gp, and the inhibitory effect correlated well with the steady-state accumulation of [3H]vinblastine in a multidrug resistant (MDR) cell line, SKVLB1. Several microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs)-resistant cell lines from the human ovarian cancer cell line Hey were isolated, and their MDR1 and βIII-tubulin levels determined. Distinct potencies of the two taxanes against different MSA-resistant cells expressing unique levels of MDR1 and βIII-tubulin were found. Cytoto...
Self-regulation strategies used by students with brain injury while transitioning to college.

Purpose Students with TBI enter college with strategies that they have used prior to being injured yet often without knowing which ones will be effective in helping them to be successful. The purpose here is to describe how semi-structured interviews were used to identify self-regulated learning strategies, to demonstrate the utility and reliability of coding self-regulated learning strategies, and to provide examples of student-centered goals derived from survey and interview responses. Methods College students completed the College Survey for Students with Brain Injury (CSS-BI) and were interviewed before and after coaching support that focused on teaching self-regulated learning. Responses to interview questions about strategies were coded using a modified version of Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons's (1986) schema. Coders also rated strategies for specificity. Results Strategies were reliably coded into 16 categories of self-regulation. Inter and intra-reliability were strong. Four of the five students reported using a larger variety of self-regulation strategies and strategies that were more specific after coaching support. Discussion and conclusions It is possible to reliably code self-regulation learning strategies reported by college students with TBI. These measures have potential as functional 'outcomes' for students who are transitioning to college. Interview responses can be used to collaboratively create student-centered goals.
Selenarctos thibetanus (Asiatic black bear)

Secondary constrictions are present in one or more pairs of acrocentrics, similar to those seen in the American black bear. The male animal’s metaphase was kindly supplied by Dr. Rosemary E. Newnham (London, England). Specimens from the female were obtained at Antwerp Zoo (Belgium) through the courtesy of Dr. Agathe Gijzen. Both preparations shown are from fibrous tissue cultures.
The follow-up: Sample, Variables, and Procedures

The 18-to-23-year follow-up study that formed the basis for the chapters in part II is an example of a study that made secondary use of the data files of the original Danish Perinatal Study. The data base used for the part I chapters was subsequently augmented by additional procedures that were designed to optimize the utility of the original data sets for prospectively viewing the development of the cohort over an 18-to-23-year period. Technically, this constituted a follow-up study of individuals at successive stages of life, as contrasted with a typical cohort study covering a specified period of time [Janson 1981]. The distinction between the two types of longitudinal approaches becomes somewhat blurred in the chapters to follow simply because we attempted to reconstruct at the time of follow-up selected elements and events that intervened between the 1959–1961 perinatal inquiry and the 1977–1981 follow-up of the birth cohort. Selection of intervening data items was based on reliability and relevance.
Natural and targeted isovariants of the rice actin depolymerizing factor 2 can alter its functional and regulatory binding properties.

Abstract Actin depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are ubiquitous actin-binding proteins that play essential roles in maintaining cellular actin dynamics by depolymerizing/severing F-actin. Plant ADF isoforms show functional divergence via differential biochemical and cellular properties. We have shown previously that ADF2 of rice (OsADF2) and smooth cordgrass (SaADF2) displayed contrasting biochemical properties and stress response in planta. As a proof-of-concept that amino acid variances contribute to such functional difference, single amino acid mutants of OsADF2 were generated based on its sequence differences with SaADF2. Biochemical studies showed that the single-site amino acid mutations altered actin binding, depolymerizing, and severing properties of OsADF2. Phosphosensitive mutations, such as serine-6>threonine, changed the regulatory phosphorylation efficiency of ADF2 variants. The N-terminal mutations had greater effect on the phosphorylation pattern of OsADF2, whereas C-terminal mutations affected actin binding and severing. The presence of introduced mutations in isovariants of monocot ADF suggests that these residues are significant control points regulating their functional divergence, including abiotic stress response.
P2A: a tool for converting pixels to animated mobile application user interfaces

Developing mobile applications is typically a labor-intensive process in which software engineers manually re-implement in code screen designs, inter-screen transitions, and in-screen animations developed by user interface and user experience experts. Other engineering domains have used computer vision techniques to automate human perception and manual data entry tasks. The P2A tool adopts computer vision techniques for developing animated mobile applications. P2A infers from mobile application screen designs the user interface portion of an application's source code and other assets that are ready to be compiled and executed on a mobile phone. Among others, inferred mobile applications contain inter-screen transitions and in-screen animations. In our experiments on screenshots of 30 highly-ranked third-party Android applications, the P2A-generated application user interfaces exhibited high pixel-to-pixel similarity with their input screenshots. P2A took an average of 26 seconds to infer in-screen animations.