cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Raising and Rising Voices in Social Media A Novel Methodological Approach in Studying Cyber-Collective Movements

Emerging cyber-collective social movements (CSMs) have frequently made headlines in the news. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of systematic methodologies to empirically study such movements in complex online environments. Using the Al-Huwaider online campaign as a case to illustrate our methodology, this contribution attempts to establish a rigorous and fundamental analysis that explains CSMs. We collected 150 blogs from 17 countries ranging between April 2003 and July 2010 with a special focus on Al-Huwaider’s campaigns capturing multi-cultural aspects for our analysis. Bearing the analysis upon three central tenets of individual, community, and transnational perspectives, we develop novel algorithms modeling CSMs by utilizing existing collective action theories and computational social network analysis. This article contributes a methodology to study the diffusion of issues in social networks and examines roles of influential community members. The proposed methodology provides a rigorous tool to understand the complexity and dynamics of CSMs. Such methodology also assists us in observing the transcending nature of CSMs with future possibilities for modeling transnational outreach. Our study addresses the lack of fundamental research on the formation of CSMs. This research contributes novel methodologies that can be applied to many settings including business, marketing and many others, beyond the exemplary setting chosen here for illustrative purposes.
Discourse uses and prosodic properties of ranhou in spontaneous Mandarin conversation

Abstract This paper examines two emerging discourse uses, topic-shifting and trail-off, of a temporal conjunction ranhou in spontaneous Mandarin conversation. Unlike traditional approaches that focus exclusively on such textual functions as temporality and consequentiality of ranhou, the present study considers the role of prosody in making ranhou recognizable as a topic-shifting and trail-off marker in interaction. Using the framework of conversation analysis, this paper reveals that, as a topic-shifting marker, ranhou signals both stepwise and disjunctive topic shifts; as a trail-off marker, it marks the closure of the current turn and invites the recipient’s response. The prosodic analysis demonstrates that the topic-shifting ranhou shows a significantly longer duration and larger pitch range than its other uses; the trail-off ranhou features intonational independence, loudness diminuendo, and/or durational lengthening. These prosodic designs, in collaboration with particular sequential environment, make the new discourse uses and their associated interactional purposes recognizable by conversation co-participants.
Photonic band-gap resonators for high-field/high-frequency EPR of microliter-volume liquid aqueous samples.

Abstract High-field EPR provides significant advantages for studying structure and dynamics of molecular systems possessing an unpaired electronic spin. However, routine use of high-field EPR in biophysical research, especially for aqueous biological samples, is still facing substantial technical difficulties stemming from high dielectric millimeter wave (mmW) losses associated with non-resonant absorption by water and other polar molecules. The strong absorbance of mmW’s by water also limits the penetration depth to just fractions of mm or even less, thus making fabrication of suitable sample containers rather challenging. Here we describe a radically new line of high Q-factor mmW resonators that are based on forming lattice defects in one-dimensional photonic band-gap (PBG) structures composed of low-loss ceramic discs of λ/4 in thickness and having alternating dielectric constants. A sample (either liquid or solid) is placed within the E = 0 node of the standing mm wave confined within the defect. A resonator prototype has been built and tested at 94.3 GHz. The resonator performance is enhanced by employing ceramic nanoporous membranes as flat sample holders of controllable thickness and tunable effective dielectric constant. The experimental Q-factor of an empty resonator was ≈ 420. The Q-factor decreased slightly to ≈ 370 when loaded with a water-containing nanoporous disc of 50 μm in thickness. The resonator has been tested with a number of liquid biological samples and demonstrated about tenfold gain in concentration sensitivity vs. a high-Q cylindrical TE012-type cavity. Detailed HFSS Ansys simulations have shown that the resonator structure could be further optimized by properly choosing the thickness of the aqueous sample and employing metallized surfaces. The PBG resonator design is readily scalable to higher mmW frequencies and is capable of accommodating significantly larger sample volumes than previously achieved with either Fabry-Perot or cylindrical resonators.
Lack of detection of a human placenta microbiome in samples from preterm and term deliveries.

Historically, the human womb has been thought to be sterile in healthy pregnancies, but this idea has been challenged by recent studies using DNA sequence-based methods, which have suggested that the womb is colonized with bacteria. For example, analysis of DNA from placenta samples yielded small proportions of microbial sequences which were proposed to represent normal bacterial colonization. However, an analysis by our group showed no distinction between background negative controls and placenta samples. Also supporting the idea that the womb is sterile is the observation that germ-free mammals can be generated by sterile delivery of neonates into a sterile isolator, after which neonates remain germ-free, which would seem to provide strong data in support of sterility of the womb. To probe this further and to investigate possible placental colonization associated with spontaneous preterm birth, we carried out another study comparing microbiota in placenta samples from 20 term and 20 spontaneous preterm deliveries. Both 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were used to characterize placenta and control samples. We first quantified absolute amounts of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences using 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR (qPCR). As in our previous study, levels were found to be low in the placenta samples and indistinguishable from negative controls. Analysis by DNA sequencing did not yield a placenta microbiome distinct from negative controls, either using marker gene sequencing as in our previous work, or with shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Several types of artifacts, including erroneous read classifications and barcode misattribution, needed to be identified and removed from the data to clarify this point. Our findings do not support the existence of a consistent placental microbiome, in either placenta from term deliveries or spontaneous preterm births.
A modo de introducción: Capitalismo, globalización y violencia de género

E n el siglo XXI las representaciones culturales y artisticas de la violencia de genero son inseparables de tres feno- menos muy marcados: el empoderamiento colectivo de las mujeres, el feminicidio y la hipermercantilizacion y consumo de las representaciones de la violencia de genero. Casi en ninguno de los ensayos a continuacion la mujer aparece representada como simple y llanamente victima, sino que, por el contrario, se explora una subjetividad de genero mas compleja como proceso y producto de una dialectica con el poder, de una lucha y una resistencia a la violencia y a la muerte. Por otro lado, las identidades de las mujeres empoderadas se definen y se retroalimentan en identidades mediaticas, en el contexto de un mercado globalizado o transnacional para el consumidor tambien global, donde los medios masivos de comunicacion y las redes sociales juegan el papel de forjadores de subjetividades de genero. El desafio mayor de un dossier de este tipo consiste en proponer un panorama abarcador y analitico de las luchas discursivas globales en la representacion e interpretacion de la violencia de genero en el contexto de una economia neoliberal, es decir de una episteme y una economia de la violencia de genero en el siglo XXI.
Doxycycline Injection for Sclerotherapy of Lower Eyelid Festoons and Malar Edema: Preliminary Results.

PURPOSE To investigate the safety and efficacy of direct, intralesional doxycycline hyclate injection for improving the appearance of cosmetically significant lower eyelid festoons and malar edema. METHODS An Institutional Review Board approved, retrospective review was performed of 15 consecutive patients with malar edema and/or festoons injected with doxycycline hyclate at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Pre- and postinjection photographs were reviewed and graded on a scale of 0 to 3 (0: no festoon; 1: small festoon; 2: medium festoon; 3: large festoon) by 2 masked physician observers. Patients were excluded from the final analysis if they received an alternate dose concentration, had incomplete photographic records, or did not follow up. Student t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Twenty consecutive treatment areas of 11 patients were included in the analysis. Final follow up ranged from 3 to 104 weeks, with a mean follow up of 22.5 weeks. The average (standard deviation) initial festoon grade of 2.5 (0.58) decreased to 0.9 (0.82) with a p value of <0.001. The average number of injections performed per side was 1.4 (range: 1-2). The mean volume per injection was 0.72 ml (range: 0.15-2.0 ml). Commonly documented subjective complaints were burning sensation with injection, pain, bruising, and erythema. There were no other dermatologic or visual complications following treatment. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that intralesional injections of doxycycline hyclate at a concentration of 10 mg/ml may be an effective treatment option for cosmetically significant lower eyelid festoons and malar edema. Future prospective studies with increased patient numbers, increasing concentrations, combination therapies with local anesthetic or regional nerve blocks, and longer follow up are needed to validate these results and determine optimal injection technique.
Avançando na direção de cobertura universal de saúde: competências de enfermeiros de práticas avançadas.

Objetivo: o objetivo deste artigo e descrever a primeira fase de um projeto que teve como finalidade geral desenvolver um conjunto de competencias de praticas avancadas de enfermagem baseadas em consenso aplicaveis em paises da America Latina e, usando tais competencias, produzir um prototipo curricular de praticas avancadas de enfermagem a serem adaptadas em paises da America Latina. O projeto foi enquadrado em uma abordagem baseada em competencias para o ensino de praticas avancadas de enfermagem. Os objetivos especificos da primeira fase do projeto descritos neste artigo foram: 1) identificar um conjunto de competencias em enfermagem para praticas avancadas que serviriam como modelo para as Competencias Essenciais de Enfermeiros de Praticas Avancadas em paises da America Latina e 2) estabelecer um consenso sobre Competencias Essenciais de Enfermeiros de Praticas Avancadas em paises da America Latina. Metodo: as competencias de enfermeiros de praticas avancadas foram derivadas de uma revisao abrangente das competencias publicadas e informaram o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa projetada para avaliar a relevância das competencias de enfermeiros de praticas avancadas nos paises da America Latina. A pesquisa foi distribuida entre enfermeiros lideres e enfermeiros educadores. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatistica descritiva. Resultados: foi estabelecido um consenso sobre Competencias Essenciais. Conclusao: apresentam-se as Competencias Essenciais de Enfermeiros de Praticas Avancadas que podem fornecer um quadro estruturado para construir programas educacionais alinhados com as necessidades do ambiente regional.
A flow of conformally balanced metrics with Kähler fixed points

While the Anomaly flow was originally motivated by string theory, its zero slope case is potentially of considerable interest in non-Kahler geometry, as it is a flow of conformally balanced metrics whose stationary points are precisely Kahler metrics. We establish its convergence on Kahler manifolds for suitable initial data. We also discuss its relation to some current problems in complex geometry.
Cross-cultural examination of a product of differing familiarity (Hard Cider) by American and Chinese panelists using rapid profiling techniques

Abstract Alcoholic cider is one of the fastest growing beverage categories in the US, with consumption increasing many fold in the last decade. This study investigates the cultural differences in characterization of craft and commercial hard ciders between American and Chinese consumers. Two untrained panels assessed their perception of hard cider samples (two commercial, five craft hard ciders, one additional blind duplicate craft cider) through free multiple sorting (FMS), and flash profiling (FP). A multiple factor analysis for FMS and General Procrustes Analysis for FP showed that the sensory maps produced by the groups showed some similarity, however more variability was evident in the Chinese group. Critically, the American group employed more nuanced descriptors for aroma and flavor (e.g. nutty, onion, oxidized, robustness, yeasty) and describing complex mouthfeel attributes (e.g. carbonation, viscosity, and roughening). American panelists also used 40% more terms than Chinese panelists, who used mostly basic flavors, tastes, hedonic terms, and comparisons to describe varying sensory experiences. A lack of exposure to hard ciders in the Chinese group, combined with linguistic differences, and a lack of standardized lexicon for ciders could contribute to less discriminability perceived between products. Our results highlight the importance of considering cultural and language differences, along with familiarity with the product category of interest in comparative cross-cultural work. Understanding these cultural differences to conduct cross-cultural sensory research may be of great importance to cider makers as the industry moves towards developing a standardized vocabulary for hard cider evaluation.
Distance Estimation In Virtual Reality And Augmented Reality: A Survey

The purpose of Virtual Reality (VR) is to provide a consistent simulation of the realistic world and make interaction between different worlds and objects possible. Perceiving depth and distance correctly in VR is essential, but, many previous work showed an underestimation of distance in Virtual Reality with Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). The present work gives a literature review of the design challenges of such systems, distance perception issue in VR, and study perceptual research in virtual environments. We will give a review of the history of the work and efforts done in visual perception to measure the perceived distance. A particular focus will be on distance estimates methods and techniques in VR and AR developed throughout these work. Depth perception is one of the important elements in virtual reality. The perceived depth is influenced by Head Mounted Displays (HMD) that inevitability decrease the virtual content's depth perception.
Solving the paradox of mass investment: expertise, financial inclusion and inequality in the politics of credit

The Ownership Society of the late twentieth century was grounded on the promise that the opening of new investment opportunities would lead to financial expansion and inclusion. It resulted, instea...
Early identification and referral of organ donors in five private hospitals: A survey to determine the knowledge and views of critical care professional nurses pre and post a PowerPoint training intervention

Background. Internationally, the declining number of organ donors does not meet the rising demand for life-saving solid organ transplant operations. Critical care professional nurses play an important role in the identification of organ donors. A deeper understanding is needed of the missed opportunities of identification and referral of potential organ donors to organ transplant co-ordinators in the critical care environment. Objectives. To describe the knowledge and views of critical care professional nurses (CCPNs) in South Africa concerning the early identification and referral of organ donors, and to describe the short-term effect of implementing a PowerPoint training intervention on nurses’ knowledge in this domain. Methods. A mixed method, experimental, exploratory, descriptive study design was followed. Critical care professional nurses in seven intensive care units at five private hospitals completed a data collection instrument comprising 11 quantitative and three qualitative questions, before and after completing a PowerPoint training intervention. The post test was done directly after the training intervention due to the environment of nursing shift work. Results. A total of 173 (79%) CCPNs participated, from a population of 218. The median (interquartile range) score for all participants increased from 60% (48 - 76) prior to the PowerPoint training intervention, to 96% (88 - 96) after the intervention ( p <0.0001). Three main themes emerged from the qualitative questions: stress experienced by the CCPNs during the organ donor process (62%); inadequate collaboration between doctors and nurses (34%); and the need for a policy (9%) to guide the donor referral process. Conclusion. CCPNs’ knowledge regarding the early identification and referral of potential organ donors increased significantly following a targeted PowerPoint training intervention. The identified themes suggest that CCPNs require support in order to effectively communicate with the donor’s family and medical staff.
Optic nerve avulsion from a diving injury.

Purpose To report a patient with optic nerve avulsion caused by forceful rotation of the globe that occurred when his thumb penetrated the orbit while he was diving. Methods A 17-year-old boy was initially examined for sudden loss of vision after jumping feet first from a bridge 50 feet above a river. Upon hitting the water, he felt his right thumb push into his right globe. The patient underwent ophthalmologic and imaging examination. Result Examination disclosed a tear of the optic nerve head from the sclera temporally in the right eye. Conclusion Optic nerve avulsion occurs secondary to forceful rotation of the eye with tearing of the optic nerve as it exits the globe.
How are you doing? The person-specificity of daily links between neuroticism and physical health.

Abstract Objective The mind and body function in tandem across days and development, and in unique ways for individuals, but most work on the relation between personality and physical health is cross-sectional, assuming homogeneity across time and people. For instance, although neuroticism is associated with poor health, the direction of the relation and whether it characterizes all people all of the time is unclear. The goal of this study is to fill knowledge gaps concerning the person-specific, day-to-day neuroticism-health link. Methods A 75-occassion intensive longitudinal study was conducted in which 119 adults reported daily on 12 indicators of neuroticism and 3 symptoms of physical health. Person-specific network analyses, conducted using the multiple solutions version of group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME-MS), were used to determine the presence, valence, daily lag, and direction of relations among the daily variables. Network features were compared within and between individuals. Results Person-specific networks were heterogeneous. Participants were significantly more likely to have networks in which physical symptoms predicted indicators of neuroticism compared to the reverse; this was particularly true for next-day relations, and for women. Exploratory analyses suggested that participants with a disproportionate amount of these health-to-neuroticism relations scored high on conscientiousness. Conclusions Person-specific network mapping of ecologically-valid intensive longitudinal data revealed heterogeneity in day-to-day relations between indicators of neuroticism and physical health, with long-term implications for personalized healthcare. There was some consistency, however, in that “body” symptoms were more likely to predict “mind” features across people.
Decline in stroke alerts and hospitalisations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction Patients with stroke-like symptoms may be underutilising emergency medical services and avoiding hospitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated a decline in admissions for stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and emergency department (ED) stroke alert activations. Methods We retrospectively compiled total weekly hospital admissions for stroke and TIA between 31 December 2018 and 21 April 2019 versus 30 December 2019 and 19 April 2020 at five US tertiary academic comprehensive stroke centres in cities with early COVID-19 outbreaks in Boston, New York City, Providence and Seattle. We collected available data on ED stroke alerts, stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and time from symptom onset to hospital arrival. Results Compared with 31 December 2018 to 21 April 2019, a decline in stroke/TIA admissions and ED stroke alerts occurred during 30 December 2019 to 19 April 2020 (p trend Conclusion At these five large academic US hospitals, admissions for stroke and TIA declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a trend for fewer ED stroke alerts at three of the five centres with available 2019 and 2020 data. Acute stroke therapies are time-sensitive, so decreased healthcare access or utilisation may lead to more disabling or fatal strokes, or more severe non-neurological complications related to stroke. Our findings underscore the indirect effects of this pandemic. Public health officials, hospital systems and healthcare providers must continue to encourage patients with stroke to seek acute care during this crisis.
New concept of radiolytic synthesis of gold nanoparticles in continuous flow

Abstract Radiolytic synthesis has been used to produce a plethora of unsupported and supported metallic nanoparticles in batch. As proof of a new concept, we evaluated the formation of gold nanoparticles by radiolytic synthesis in continuous flow using a millifluidic reactor. A mixture of gold ions solution, branched polyethyleneimine, and ethylene glycol yielded gold nanoparticles with a mean size of 3.4 ± 1.0 nm after irradiation with an X-ray irradiator (127 Gy/min) at an absorbed dose of 5.1 kGy. The morphology and size distribution of gold nanoparticles was influenced by AgNO3, where its absence resulted in a mean size of 20.9 ± 15.8 nm. The radiolytic synthesis of gold nanoparticles in continuous flow was achieved in short reaction times (
Echinacea: Herbal Medicine with a Wild History

Kelly Kindscher, ed. Foreword by Steven Foster. 2016. Echinacea: Herbal Medicine with a Wild History. (ISBN-13: 978-3-319-18155-4, hbk). Springer Customer Service Center, 233 Spring Street, New York, New York 10013, U.S.A. (Orders: www.springer.com, 1-800-SPRINGER). $159.00 US, 238 pp., 16 b/w figs, 42 color photos, 16 tables, 6" × 9".
Competitive sprawl

Sprawl and low urban density are often considered challenges to the vitality and efficiency of metropolitan areas. Utilizing a difference equation approach to endogenize density choices, this paper examines how competition between new cities causes development to occur too quickly compared to welfare maximizing development. Early development causes land to be sold in larger lots to a smaller number of buyers, causing lower population density. Competition in a timing game among developers causes early development, lower population density and lower capital density.
Analysis of the Stability of Rumen pH Measurements Obtained Postmortem in Feeder Calves

The value of rumen pH readings postmortem as a diagnostic aid in feeder cattle has long been debated. Obtaining a rumen pH measurement as part of a routine postmortem examination has been described to help determine cause of death due to digestive system disorders such as acidosis. Some dispute the use of pH readings, arguing that rumen pH will continue to change after death, yielding inaccurate results. The goals of this study were to determine the difference in postmortem pH levels between cattle fed one of two diets, and to determine how stable postmortem pH is over a 24-hour period.
Attitudes of psychiatry residents toward a strike by nursing staff : a case report.

A study of the attitudes of psychiatry residents and attending psychiatrists toward a strike by nurses and mental health workers in a psychiatric teaching hospital was performed. All residents (n = 20) and 47 (83% of the attending psychiatrists) completed a questionnaire within 4 weeks after the strike. The responses to the questionnaire indicated that resident's behavior in response to the strike was significantly different from the behavior of the attendings: 20% of the residents volunteered service during the strike compared with 66% of the attendings (p ≤ 0.0001). The attending psychiatrists, when asked what action they would have taken if they were residents, indicated somewhat less of an inclination to volunteer; 16.7% changed their position about volunteering (NS). When asked what they would have done if they were attendings, 55% (p ≤ 0.008) of the residents indicated they would have volunteered service. The significance of these findings is that residents identify themselves more with the "frontline" mental health workers engaged in the strike than with the faculty/attending psychiatrists who serve as their professional role models.
Domains of Holomorphy

This chapter, which is concerned with domains spread over the complex linear vector space E of a dual pair , consists mainly of extensions of results for the special case (E due to M. Matos [M1, M2] (countable ⋀) and V. Aurich [A4] (arbitrary ⋀). (See also [H3, R6].) The dual pair is fixed throughout and the topology in E is always assumed to be the σ(E, F)-topology. Also, instead of using the rather cumbersome expression, “[E, ℘ ]-domain”, for a domain spread over E, we shall use the simpler term, “ -domain”. Similarly, an -domain of ℘ -holomorphy will be called simply an -domain of holomorphy.
Bis‐[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (Dpe‐Phos)

[166330-10-5] C36H28OP2 (MW 538.56) InChI = 1S/C36H28OP2/c1-5-17-29(18-6-1)38(30-19-7-2-8-20-30)35-27-15-13-25-33(35)37-34-26-14-16-28-36(34)39(31-21-9-3-10-22-31)32-23-11-4-12-24-32/h1-28H InChIKey = RYXZOQOZERSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [898829-81-7] C36H28OP2 (MW 538.56) (reagent used as a ligand for a variety of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions) Physical Data: mp 181–184 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white to off-white crystalline solid or powder. Purification: typically used as obtained from commercial sources. May also be purified by chromatography or recrystallization from alcohol solvents. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: triarylphosphines can undergo slow oxidation in air and should be stored under nitrogen.
Dietary Arginine Requirement of Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass

Two experiments were conducted to determine the dietary arginine requirement of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops); a third experiment evaluated the interaction of lysine and arginine. Diets in Experiments 1 and 2 were supplemented with graded concentrations of L-arginine-HCl, resulting in eight dietary treatments. Dietary arginine concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 2.4 g/100 g diet in Experiment 1 and from 0.6 to 2.0 g/100 g diet in Experiment 2. Weight gain was not affected by dietary treatments in Experiment 1. Feed efficiency was significantly affected by dietary arginine concentrations, and the data, when subjected to broken-line analysis, resulted in a requirement estimate of 1.53 +/- 0.20 g/100 g diet. Weight gain and feed efficiency were both significantly affected by dietary arginine concentrations in Experiment 2. Broken-line analyses of weight gain and feed efficiency data indicated the dietary arginine requirement to be 1.55 +/- 0.10 and 1.45 +/- 0.12 g/100 g diet, respectively. Diets in Experiment 3 contained lysine and arginine in ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2 and 1:2.5 for the previously estimated requirements for both lysine:arginine and arginine:lysine. No differences were observed in weight gain or feed efficiency for fish fed various lysine:arginine ratios, but serum lysine was significantly different among treatment groups.
Eplet/Epitope analysis of Anti-HLA antibodies can be Used to determine positive MFI cut off of complement binding antibodies

Aim Detection of HLA specific antibodies (Ab) plays a critical role in monitoring of transplant recipients (TR). Their concentration, epitope specificity, isotype and ability to bind complement represent the main components of analysis. In this study, we have demonstrated that HLA class 1 epitopes recognized by complement binding (C1q+) Ab differ from those recognized by non-complement binding (C1q−) Ab. Methods Analysis of anti-HLA Ab was performed in 21 TR DTT treated serum using single antigen bead (SAB) Luminex-IgG technology. Complement binding activity of Ab was investigated using Luminex-C1q (final concentration 150.0 μ g/ml) solid phase (One Lambda, Inc) assay. HLAMatchmaker computer algorithm was used for HLA-A/B epitope/eplet analysis. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA statistics. Results Difference between HLA eplet pattern(s) recognized by Ab was detected in 18 sera when HLA specificity (MFI values) of complement binding (C1q+) and non-complement binding (C1q−) Ab were compared. Limited epitope number of Ab reactivity was not observed in 2 sera, and one serum showed uncertain eplet pattern. Representative eplet specific Ab analysis in a single serum is shown in the Table 1. The largest MFI values of C1q negative Ab were used for subsequent statistical analysis. In the representative serum this value was 231. Using this approach we were able to determine the MFI values range (280–500) of positive cut off for Ab demonstrating C1q binding. Conclusions In 86% of sera (18/21) tested HLA epitope/eplet restricted pattern of Ab reactivity was observed. Functional diversity of reactivity patterns of anti-HLA Ab obtained with Luminex-IgG and Luminex-C1q assays has been demonstrated. C1q positive MFI cut off range of 280–500 can be used in order to better identify complement binding Ab in TR serum. Download : Download full-size image
Laparoscopic renal biopsy: a 9-year experience.

OBJECTIVES To present our experience and outcome of consecutive laparoscopic renal biopsy over a 9-year period, as renal biopsy remains an important diagnostic procedure for evaluating proteinuria, haematuria and renal failure, but when percutaneous biopsy is contraindicated, a laparoscopic biopsy is an attractive option because it is minimally invasive. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-four patients (29 male, 45 female, mean age 45 years, range 3-79) had a laparoscopic renal biopsy taken for various indications, e.g. morbid obesity, solitary kidney, coagulopathy, failed percutaneous biopsy, high location of the kidney and poor visualization with ultrasonography. The kidney was approached via a laparoscopic retroperitoneal route using a two-port technique, with the patient in the flank position. After identifying the kidney, one to five cortical biopsies were obtained with cup-biopsy forceps. RESULTS Adequate tissue was obtained in 96% of the patients; the mean (range) operative duration was 123 (9-261) min and the estimated blood loss 67 (5-2000) mL. Forty-three patients were discharged within 24 h. Complications occurred in 10 patients, with significant bleeding in three. One patient died after surgery, secondary to a perforated peptic ulcer while on high-dose steroid therapy. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic renal biopsy is a safe and effective alternative to open renal biopsy for patients in whom percutaneous biopsy is not feasible. It offers the advantage of obtaining cortical biopsies and achieving haemostasis under direct vision. Adequate renal tissue is obtained in most cases. Recovery and convalescence are short for most patients.
OBSERVATIONS FROM THE IDA NETWORK OF THE MOMENT TENSOR OF THE OAXACA EARTHQUAKE, NOVEMBER 29,1978

Para determinar el mecanismo focal del temblor de Oaxaca del 29 de noviembre de 1978 se usan datos de 8 estaciones de 11) a. Asumiendo que la funcion de tiempo tiene la forma de un escalon, se calcula la funcion de Green Para cada estacion mediante la superposicion de 1,117 modus Para el modelo 1066 A (periodos mayores de 80 seg). El tensor de momentos se obtiene por medio de un analisis en el domino del tiempo utilizando el metodo de minimos cuadrados y la descomposicion en valores singulares. Resultados muy preliminares indican un momento escalar de aproximadamente 2.3 x 1020 N. M. (2-3 x 102) dinas-cm).
Single mode and sub-cellular fiber probes for cell scattering and density variation measurements

Cell density is an important parameter in the question of bio-variation and the studying of cell scattering could be a viable tool. The development of spatially resolved optical fiber probe would enable the characterization of optical scattering from cells within a colony. Single mode fiber probe would be budget friendly as compared to a 50-nm sub-cellular fiber probe. This project develops a calibration procedure to correlate the optical scattering measured by a single mode fiber probe to that of a 50-nm sub-cellular fiber probe in the context of cell density variation. The Fourier transform of intensity angular transmission would give correlation information in the Efield in the spatial coordinate. Monte Carlo simulation could be used to constrain the input intensity function spatial content resembling microscopy. The use of a 50-nm sub-cellular fiber probe for detailed study of biological samples would give sub-micron scale length information.
Effect of Defaunation on Ruminal Volatile Fatty Acids and pH of Steers Fed a Diet High in Dried Whole Whey

Abstract Three rumen fistulated steers (approximately 482kg) were fed a diet containing 45% dried whole whey at 6.4kg dry matter per day. After steers were adjusted to the diet, rumen ciliate protozoal numbers, pH, and volatile fatty acid concentration were measured. Steers then were defaunated by sodium diocytyl sulfosuccinate (360g over 3 days), and measurements were repeated. In the presence of a high ciliate population (10 5 to 10 6 cells/ml), rumen fermentation was characterized as a high butyrate fermentation (∼27 molar %), whereas in the absence of ciliate protozoa a high propionate fermentation existed (28 to 35 molar %). Ruminal pH was higher in the faunated state, whereas volatile fatty acid concentration tended to be higher in the defaunated state.
THE PHOTOLYSIS RATES OF SOME DI‐ AND TRIPEPTIDES OF TRYPTOPHAN

— We have measured the relative rates of photolysis of free tryptophan (trp), the dipeptides Gly-Trp, Trp-Gly, Leu-Trp, and Trp-Leu, and the tripeptides Gly-Trp-Gly and Leu-Trp-Leu. The photolyses were performed in neutral 0.1 mM aqueous solutions at 25°C using monochromatic 290 nm Xe arc radiation. Tryptophan loss was monitored by absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy. The rate of tryptophan fluorescence loss was found to be different in the di-and tripeptides than in tryptophan monomer. These rate differences depended on both the identity of the neighboring amino acid (gly or leu) and on the nature of the linkage, e.g., the rate of Gly-Trp photolysis was more than 10 times greater than the rate of Trp-Gly photolysis. Degassing was found to markedly reduce (factor of 8) the photolysis rates of Trp, Trp-Gly, and Trp-Leu, but degassing only slightly reduced (less than a factor of 2) the photolysis rates of the other di-and tri-peptides. Photochemical product structures were not determined, but absorption and fluorescence spectra were obtained and products could be inferred in some cases by comparison with data of previous workers. The products appeared to differ greatly among the various peptides studied; Trp, Trp-Gly, and Trp-Leu gave oxidation products, while Gly-Trp and Leu-Trp apparently gave ring closure products, not requiring oxygen.
Hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid activity profile of rats subjected to alterations in thyroidal and adrenocortical states: evidence for significant interaction.

We have previously established the value of 2-dimensional electrophoretic mRNA activity profiles for investigating the hepatic genomic response to several metabolic perturbations, such as thyroid hormone or GH treatment, diabetes, high carbohydrate diet, starvation, and uremia. We now report the effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone treatment, and compare these with alterations due to thyroidectomy and T3 treatment. Total rat hepatic RNA was isolated and translated in a reticulocyte lysate system. The [36S]methionine-labeled translated products were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and quantified with computerized videodensitometry. Of 200 consistently quantifiable products, 14 (7%) were altered by adrenalectomy and dexamethasone, including 4 products (46, 47, 56, and 57) which have not been observed to change in previous studies from this laboratory. Adrenalectomy increased 5 and decreased 2 products, whereas dexamethasone increased 1 and decreased 8 products. Two products maintained t...
Disruption of model-based behavior and learning by cocaine self-administration in rats

Rationale Addiction is characterized by maladaptive decision-making, in which individuals seem unable to use adverse outcomes to modify their behavior. Adverse outcomes are often infrequent, delayed, and even rare events, especially when compared to the reliable rewarding drug-associated outcomes. As a result, recognizing and using information about their occurrence put a premium on the operation of so-called model-based systems of behavioral control, which allow one to mentally simulate outcomes of different courses of action based on knowledge of the underlying associative structure of the environment. This suggests that addiction may reflect, in part, drug-induced dysfunction in these systems. Here, we tested this hypothesis.
Effects of Attitude Toward Situation Upon Attitude Toward Object.

(1969). Effects of Attitude Toward Situation Upon Attitude Toward Object. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 173-182.
Denitrification in constructed wetlands used for treatment of swine wastewater.

Constructed wetland treatment of swine wastewater probably involves substantial denitrification. Our objective was to assess denitrification and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in such wetlands in relation to plant communities, N loading, carbon or nitrogen limitations, and water depth. Two wetland cells each 3.6 m wide and 33.5 m long were connected in series. One set of cells was planted with rushes and bulrushes, including soft rush (Juncus effusus L.), softstem bulrush [Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Pallal, American bulrush [Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller], and woolgrass bulrush [Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunthl. Another set was planted with bur-reeds and cattails, including American bur-reed (Sparganium americanum Nutt.), broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.), and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). The sets will be referred to herein as bulrush and cattail wetlands, respectively. Denitrification and DEA were measured via the acetylene inhibition method in intact soil cores and disturbed soil samples that were taken during four years (1994-1997). Although DEA in the disturbed samples was greater than denitrification in the core samples, the measurements were highly correlated (r 2 ≥ 0.82). The DEA was greater in the bulrush wetlands than the cattail wetlands, 0.516 and 0.210 mg N kg -1 soil h -1 , respectively; and it increased with the cumulative applied N. The DEA mean was equivalent to 9.55 kg N ha -1 d -1 in the bulrush wetlands. We hypothesized and confirmed that DEA was generally limited by nitrate rather than carbon. Moreover, we determined that one of the most influential factors in DEA was wetland water depth. In bulrush wetlands, the slope and r 2 values of the control treatment were -0.013 mg N kg -1 soil h -1 mm -1 depth and r 2 = 0.89, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that DEA can be very significant in constructed wetlands used to treat swine wastewater.
Feeding behavior after hypothalamic 6-hydroxydopamine injections.

6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into the rat hypothalamus produces profound changes in eating behavior and body weight gain. Willis and Smith have demonstrated an anorexic effect of lateral hypothalamic (LH) 6-OHDA, which they correlate with local catecholamine release from degenerating axons just behind the lesion. Work from our own laboratory has recently demonstrated that 6-OHDA injection into the medial paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has an initial effect of stimulating daily food intake and body weight gain. It is suggested that this phenomenon, consistent with reports of enhanced eating with PVN injection of norepinephrine (NE), is due to 6-OHDA-induced release of endogenous NE. Subsequently, PVN 6-OHDA causes hypophagia and reduced body weight. Although histochemical and biochemical analyses reveal a 60–90% decrease in PVN norepinephrine and dopamine after 6-OHDA treatment, a close association between the precise degree of catecholamine loss and magnitude of behavioral response could not be detected.
Tau Reconstruction and Identification at the Compact Muon Solenoid

New Physics beyond the Standard Model could appear at the LHC in final states with tau leptons. The development of efficient and accurate reconstruction and identification algorithms for taus decaying to hadrons is therefore an important item in the physics program of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. New identification algorithms utilizing information about the known properties of tau hadronic decays have been recently developed and provide considerable performance improvements with respect to algorithms previously used by the CMS collaboration. Details of the strategies for identification of individual tau decay modes are presented in the following, as well as first measurements of the quark and gluon jet mis–tag rate with the first 8.4 nb − 1 of data collected at s = 7 TeV .
One-dimensionally periodic dielectric reflectors from self-assembled block copolymer-homopolymer blends

Introduction. The well-ordered structures of block copolymer microdomains formed by self-assembly are potentially interesting optical materials, specifically as photonic crystals. Photonic crystals are structures with a periodic variation of refractive index.1-3 For light of the appropriate frequency, such crystals can be used to bend and steer the light, opening up many possible applications such as broad-band low loss waveguides for communication and efficient laser mirrors. The first photonic crystals were made by machining overlapping holes into a slab (millimeter length scales for microwave frequencies).4 Current work employs lithographic processing (at the micron and submicron length scale for IR and visible frequencies) to make dielectric structures.5 Very recent work has introduced self-assembly as a method to make photonic crystals with periodicities suitable for frequencies in the visible part of the spectrum. Materials used include colloidal crystal arrays,6 artificial opals and inverse opals,7,8 and hollow spherical micelles.9 Block copolymers can self-assemble into a wide variety of periodic structures including 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional structures.10 There are several essential challenges to overcome in order to achieve desirable photonic crystal properties employing block copolymers. These include obtaining the correct size of domains for the optical frequencies of interest, attainment of long-range domain order and appropriate orientation, as well as providing sufficient dielectric contrast between the domains. Accessing large periodicities in block copolymers is of course possible using very high molecular weight blocks, but attaining well-ordered structures is difficult due to the very high viscosity of such systems. An alternative approach is to utilize a liquid crystalline block for which the domain thickness varies linearly with block molecular weight. In this way, spacings into the micron range can be produced.11 Another approach is to blend block copolymers with homopolymers and thus swell the microdomains. Block copolymer/homopolymer blends have been investigated both experimentally12-14 and theoretically.15,16 Such blends offer tailorable domain spacings, as well as the processing advantage afforded by somewhat lower molecular weight components. The dependence of the lamellar repeat in bulk cast blends of homopolystyrene and polystyreneb-polyisoprene block copolymers has been analyzed as a function of the percent homopolymer added and its molecular weight.14 The lamellar thickness depends on the many factors including homopolymer volume fractions and the block composition and molecular weight. A regular lamellar morphology having a difference in the index of refraction between the respective domains is similar to a layered optical filter or quarter-wave stack. In this article we demonstrate that a diblock copolymer/homopolymer blend, which can self-assemble into a lamellar microdomain structure, can exhibit a limited angular range stop band at visible frequencies.
Marked Acantholysis Associated with Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton equinum in Two Horses

Resumen— Dos caballos adultos manifestaron un cuadro pruritico y de dolor asociado con una dermatitis generalizada de evolucion rapida y consistente en la presencia de papulas, pustulas y costras. El examen microscopico de extensiones citologicas a partir del exudado purulento revelo la presencia de numerosos queratinocitos acantoliticos, neutrofilos no degenerados y ausencia de microorganismos, lo que sugirio un diagnostico de penfigo foliaceo. Las biopsias de piel mostraron dermatofitosis, marcada acantolisis y crecioTrichophyton equinum en cultivos fungicos. Las lesiones en ambos animales se resolvieron tras administrar una terapia topica con sulfuro de cal. Postulamos que los encimas proteoliticos liberados por las cepas de Trichophyton equinum aisladas fueron los responsables del alto grado de acantolisis detectada citologica e histologicamente. [Scott D. W. Marked acantholysis associated with dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton equinum in two horses (Acantolisis marcade en associacion con dermatofitosis por Trichophyton equinum en dos caballos). Abstract— Two adult horses developed a rapidly progressive, generalized, painful, pruritic, papular, pustular, and crusting dermatitis. Microscopic examination of direct smears made from purulent exudate revealed numerous acantholytic keratinocytes, nondegenerate neutrophils, and no microorganisms, suggesting a diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus. Skin biopsies revealed dermatophytosis with prominent acantholysis, and fungal cultures were positive for Trichophyton equinum. The lesions in both horses resolved in association with topical applications of lime sulfur. It is hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes produced by the strains of T. equinum isolated were responsible for the prominent acantholysis seen cytologically and histologically.