cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired Neurodevelopmental Outcome After Mild Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

* Abbreviations: CI — : confidence interval GMH-IVH — : germinal matrix–intraventricular hemorrhage NDI — : neurodevelopmental impairment OPC — : oligodendroglial precursor cell Germinal matrix–intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) is a common and characteristic form of intracranial hemorrhage occurring in the premature infant.1 The hemorrhage originates in small blood vessels in the subependymal germinal matrix (also termed the ganglionic eminence) and may disrupt the ependymal lining and extend into the lateral ventricle. Severe IVH consists of large amounts of intraventricular blood (usually termed grade 3 IVH) and may be complicated by hemorrhagic venous infarction in the periventricular white matter (often termed grade 4 IVH) or by post–hemorrhagic hydrocephalus or both. Many studies have documented increased short-term and long-term neurologic morbidity after severe IVH.1 In this issue of Pediatrics , Mukerji et al2 report the first meta-analysis of neurodevelopmental outcomes after GMH-IVH (termed periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage in the report). Their review confirms previous data indicative of unfavorable outcomes after severe GMH-IVH but notably also reports impaired neurodevelopmental outcome after mild GMH-IVH. The findings raise 2 important questions: (1) the biological underpinning of the relationship between the severity of GMH-IVH and outcome, and (2) the extent to which the data should be used in counseling in the neonatal period. Severe GMH-IVH (when compared with no GMH-IVH) was associated with a distinctly increased risk of the … Address correspondence to Joseph J. Volpe, MD, Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 4 Blackfan Circle, Suite 110A, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: joseph.volpe{at}childrens.harvard.edu
CFD Performance Prediction of a Parallel-Counterparallel Flow Heat Exchanger Used for the Treatment of Hypothermia

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in evaluating the thermal performance of a parallel/counterparallel flow heat exchanger used as part of a fluid warmer to treat hypothermia. The developed CFD model was validated in a parametric study using previously collected experimental data. The effects of heat exchanger length and inlet mass flow rate were considered. To more accurately represent the thermodynamic average temperature profile, the current CFD analysis evaluated outlet temperatures in terms of mean bulk temperature as opposed to the centerpoint temperature probe used in the experimental study. Despite this difference, the CFD results were found to agree well with the experimental values. As such, the CFD simulations are not only applicable to future design considerations but elicit further understanding of the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics within the heat exchanger. Using the validated CFD model, thermal hydraulic entrance lengths ...
What is Needed in Experimental Methods Instruction - Perspectives from a Government Laboratory

This paper offers a perspective from researchers at a government laboratory on what skills are needed in Experimental Methods Instruction in order to better prepare students for graduate research and future careers in aerospace laboratories. The paper starts with a limited overview of experimental facilities and techniques used in the Turbine Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate. This brief overview includes a few general examples ranging from basic scientific research to large scale turbine research facilities. The paper then identifies skills and procedures the authors feel are needed when students leave the classroom and begin work in a research laboratory. Conclusions are stated along with a few recommendations that instructors may find helpful.
Abstract 1747: Biochanin A overcomes gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Drug resistance is one of the major reasons for failure of chemotherapy and high mortality rate in pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine (GEM) and 5-fluorouracil are two drugs which have shown to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients but intrinsic or acquired characteristics make this cancer resistant to these drugs. Previously, we have observed that biochanin A (bioA) effectively reduces the survival, signaling and progression of pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we aim at determining the effect of bioA on drug resistant pancreatic cancer cells. To test our hypothesis, first we compared three pancreatic cancer cells line: Panc1, MiaPaCa2 and AsPC1 for their sensitivity to gemcitabine and protein expressions. We found that Panc1 cells are highly resistant to GEM with IC50 of 75µM while the same for MiaPaCa2 and AsPC1 cells was 0.04µM. Our western blot data show that the levels of NFkappaB, EGFR and CD133 were higher in Panc1 cells compared to other two cell lines suggesting the role of these factors in imparting drug resistant characteristics to pancreatic cancer cells. Our cell survival studies show that bioA is more effective in reducing the survival of Panc1 cells compared to the other two cell lines. Next, we selected GEM resistant cells (AsPC/G) by continuously exposing AsPC1 cells with increasing concentration of GEM. We generated a GEM resistant cell line that was 20-fold resistant to GEM compared to the parent cell line. AsPC/G cells had higher colony formation ability and in vivo tumorigenicity compared to the parent cells. Also, the expression of p-EGFR, NFκB, p-Akt and EMT markers were upregulated in AsPC/G cell compared to AsPC1 cells. We found that bioA was more cytotoxic to AsPC/G cells compared to AsPC1 cells suggesting that bioA affects the molecular mechanisms which impart drug resistant characteristics. To further understand this phenomenon, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms affected by bioA. We observed that bioA reduces the levels of p-EGFR, p-Akt and NFκB in AsPC1 cells. Upregulation of these proteins is known to impart drug resistant characteristics to pancreatic cancer cells; therefore, by inhibiting them, bioA reduces the survival of GEM resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Our study concludes that bioA reduces the survival of GEM resistant pancreatic cancer cells and a treatment regimen with bioA may improve the outcome of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1747. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1747
Teaching, Troubling, Transgressing: Thinking With Theory in a Post-Qualitative Inquiry Course

The authors (teacher and doctoral students) seek to illuminate the transgressive experiences of teaching ↔ learning in a poststructural (PS) theory and research methods course. They aim to (a) illu...
Pharmacy preceptors views of pharmacy students’ competency in pharmacy informatics

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to survey Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) preceptors’ perception of students’ competency in pharmacy informatics during their APPE rotations or experiences based on the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) version 2.0 accreditation standards. Methods All APPE preceptors associated with the University of Cincinnati were emailed a link to the survey. Follow-up interviews were conducted on pharmacy preceptors to identify reasons for nonresponse. Results In total, 33 surveys were returned from the 288 preceptors contacted. Respondents believed the pharmacy students displayed the highest levels of competency in domain four regarding the benefits and current constraints in using information and communication technology in health care. However, respondents believed pharmacy students had the lowest competency on items included in domain three regarding data in continuous quality improvement initiatives. Half of the respondents believed the students’ knowledge was inadequate on all items included in this domain. This corresponds with nearly half of the respondents also rating pharmacy students as having inadequate knowledge of unified medical language system and meaningful use in domain one. Follow-up interviews identified that some preceptors did not feel comfortable with pharmacy informatics themselves. Conclusions This preliminary study showed that the majority of responding pharmacy preceptors believed pharmacy students had a reasonable understanding of the reasons for systematic processing of data, information, and knowledge in health care and the benefits, current constraints in using information, and communication technology in health care. However, they felt their knowledge was inadequate surrounding some basic terminology and use of data in continuous quality improvement initiatives.
Current Situation of Human Resources for Expanded Programme on Immunization in FuZhou city

[Objective] To investigate staffing situation of Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI),and provide reference for scientific configuration of Human resources for EPI.[Methods]13 county-level and higher level centers for diseases control and prevention(CDC) were organized to fill some related forms,and statistic analysis was made by using the data of the forms.[Results] There are altogether 1295 EPI workers in 5 districts,8 counties,185 towns,and 2829 villages of Fuzhou,of them 50 working in CDC,335 in towns' facilities,and 910 in villages';3.55% are senior title,10.01% are middle title,70.81% are primary title,and 15.63% have no title of professional post;1.58% are bachelor degree,4.38% college diploma,62.51% technical diploma,and 31.53% with no degrees.[Conclusion] Current situation of Human resources for EPI can not follow up the tendency.For this reason,health administrative departments should strengthen macroscopic management for matching the immunization program tasks and staff through proper regulation and reasonable configuration,so as to meet the requirements of disease control in new era.
Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Metastases to Pulmonary Hilar Nodes

AbstractMediastinal and hilar renal cell carcinoma metastases are reported in 9 patients, representing an incidence rate of 8 per cent in the series. This observation indicated an ominous prognosis since the mean survival of these patients was only 1.4 months after the discovery of the neoplasm. It is postulated that this poor prognosis is attributable to the size of the primary lesion, with direct extension into retroperitoneal structures and perhaps to an associated exhaustion of immunologic defense mechanisms of the patients. Dissemination from the involved retroperitoneal lymphatics to the thoracic duct and then in retrograde fashion via the bronchomediastinal and paratracheal trunks is advocated as the pathway for this tumor dissemination.
Influence of oxidation and reduction on the acid-fastness of mycobacteria.

Experiments are described in which the acid-fastness of mycobacteria was destroyed by reduction and restored by oxidation.
Problem in tracheostomy patient care: recognizing the patient with a displaced tracheostomy tube

There are times when a tracheostomy tube slips out of the trachea. A displaced tracheostomy tube can occur in any patient but is frequently seen in the patient with a full neck. In the overweight patient or patient with a full neck, the tracheostomy tube must pass through a greater amount of soft tissue. Because of this, a smaller portion of the tube is actually within the lumen of the trachea. When the patient coughs excessively or moves the head, the tube can easily slip out of the trachea and into the interstitial tissues of the neck. If the patient has complete obstruction of the upper airway, a displaced tracheostomy tube will result in immediate respiratory distress and can lead to respiratory arrest. If the patient has an intact or at least a partially open upper airway, the displaced tube may not cause an immediate problem. Therefore, displacement of the tracheostomy tube may not be obvious in the patient with a partial airway.
Network adaptability under resource crunch

We study a novel scheme to manage networks with heterogeneous traffic efficiently under resource crunch. We consider different types of revenue models for different service classes. We show that degradation of services and redistribution of resources while satisfying QoS under resource crunch can improve both availability and revenue.
Disturbance observer design for a class of nonlinear system with application to active suspension system control

A systematic disturbance observer for a class of nonlinear affine systems subject to bounded exogenous input is designed. The main idea expounded upon is to design the “control law” for the observer dynamics such that the tracking error between the observer states and the original system states lies within a bounded set. It is then shown that, provided that the system satisfies some sufficient conditions, then the observer control authority will track the unknown exogenous input with the same order of magnitude of the error. In other words, the observer dynamics is designed to recreate the measured behavior of the original system to some order of accuracy. If this happens, then, under certain sufficient conditions, the control authority that reproduced this measured behavior will track the unknown disturbance input to the same order of accuracy. While the concepts developed in this paper can be used for a class of nonlinear system, the main application considered is the active suspension system control. The motivation is to eventually use the observed disturbance as a preview information for a cascaded suspension system.
Coordination vs. voluntarism and enforcement in sustaining international environmental cooperation

Abstract The fates of “transboundary” environmental systems depend on how nation states interact with one another. In the absence of a hegemon willing and able to coerce other states into avoiding a “tragedy of the commons,” shared environments will be safeguarded if international cooperation succeeds and degraded or even destroyed if it fails. Treaties and related institutions of international law give form to these efforts to cooperate. Often, they implore states to act in their collective (as opposed to their national) interests. Sometimes, they impel cooperating states to punish free riders. A few agreements coordinate states’ behavior. Here, I present simple game-theoretic models showing whether and how treaties and related institutions can change incentives, aligning states’ self-interests with their collective interests. I show that, as a general matter, states struggle to cooperate voluntarily and enforce agreements to cooperate but that they find it relatively easy to coordinate actions. In some cases, the need for coordination is manifest. In other cases, it requires strategic thinking. Coordination may fall short of supporting an ideal outcome, but it nearly always works better than the alternatives.
Weather whiplash in agricultural regions drives deterioration of water quality

Excess nitrogen (N) impairs inland water quality and creates hypoxia in coastal ecosystems. Agriculture is the primary source of N; agricultural management and hydrology together control aquatic ecosystem N loading. Future N loading will be determined by how agriculture and hydrology intersect with climate change, yet the interactions between changing climate and water quality remain poorly understood. Here, we show that changing precipitation patterns, resulting from climate change, interact with agricultural land use to deteriorate water quality. We focus on the 2012–2013 Midwestern U.S. drought as a “natural experiment”. The transition from drought conditions in 2012 to a wet spring in 2013 was abrupt; the media dubbed this “weather whiplash”. We use recent (2010–2015) and historical data (1950–2015) to connect weather whiplash (drought-to-flood transitions) to increases in riverine N loads and concentrations. The drought likely created highly N-enriched soils; this excess N mobilized during heavy spring rains (2013), resulting in a 34% increase (10.5 vs. 7.8 mg N L−1) in the flow-weighted mean annual nitrate concentration compared to recent years. Furthermore, we show that climate change will likely intensify weather whiplash. Increased weather whiplash will, in part, increase the frequency of riverine N exceeding E.P.A. drinking water standards. Thus, our observations suggest increased climatic variation will amplify negative trends in water quality in a region already grappling with severe impairments.
Comparison of Fast Pyrolysis Behavior of Cornstover Lignins Isolated by Different Methods

The effect of lignin isolation methods on lignin fast pyrolysis was investigated utilizing an online product analysis methodology to give high mass balance closure for the products. Lignin samples with high purity were isolated from cornstover using three methods: Bjorkman milling, organosolv extraction, and gamma-valerolactone (GVL) extraction. Although milled wood lignin has been extensively studied, characterization and the fast pyrolysis of milled cornstover lignin has not been previously reported. The current study shows that the milled cornstover lignin contains a higher molecular weight and more aryl ether linkages relative to organosolv and GVL extracted cornstover lignin. During fast pyrolysis, considerably more phenolics, especially those with side chain double bonds derived from aryl ether cleavage, were formed from the milled cornstover lignin concomitant with less char formation.
The Structure of Gravity Waves as Determined Simultaneously by Ozone, Temperature and Satellite Data

The structure of gravity waves was determined simultaneously by balloon and aircraft borne ozone and temperature sensors and by satellite observations. The study was conducted over the Colorado Rockies during the fall of 1968. The pump flow rate of the Komhyr ozone sensor was measured during various aircraft maneuvers. The change of the flow rate was determined to be negligible. A more detailed analysis of the gravity wave structure was obtained in the region where ozone maximum and minimum laminae were observed, rather than in the region where the laminae were not as pronounced. Gravity wavelength as ascertained from satellite data was greater than that determined by ozonesonde and radar tracked aircraft.
Recording Results And Coding Considerations For The Resonant Bias Coil Overwrite Technique

Magneto-optic direct overwrite using the resonant bias coil technique has been demonstrated for field frequencies as high as 12 MHz. The technique is compatible with multi-channel recording and allows larger coil-to-media spacing than obtained using conventional field modulation techniques. Suitable run length limited codes are investigated which satisfy an even consecutive zero constraint. The performance of these codes appears to be competitive with the performance of more traditional (d,k) codes.
Troponin through the looking-glass: emerging roles beyond regulation of striated muscle contraction

Troponin is a heterotrimeric Ca2+-binding protein that has a well-established role in regulating striated muscle contraction. However, mounting evidence points to novel cellular functions of troponin, with profound implications in cancer, cardiomyopathy pathogenesis and skeletal muscle aging. Here, we highlight the non-canonical roles and aberrant expression patterns of troponin beyond the sarcomeric milieu. Utilizing bioinformatics tools and online databases, we also provide pathway, subcellular localization, and protein-protein/DNA interaction analyses that support a role for troponin in multiple subcellular compartments. This emerging knowledge challenges the conventional view of troponin as a sarcomere-specific protein exclusively involved in muscle contraction and may transform the way we think about sarcomeric proteins, particularly in the context of human disease and aging.
Nightly business: links between daytime canopy conductance, nocturnal transpiration and its circadian control illuminate physiological trade-offs in maize

Abstract Daytime canopy traits have been shown to be related to crop fitness and productivity. Particularly, decreased canopy conductance under high evaporative demand has been linked to increased drought tolerance and improved yields in maize. However, the extent of natural variation of this trait in maize remains largely unknown. Furthermore, nocturnal canopy traits, and particularly nighttime transpiration rate (TRN), remain undocumented in maize. In this regard, recent evidence in trees suggests a non-negligible TRN and a coupling between nighttime water use and daytime canopy conductance that is under the control of the circadian clock. This defines a framework for the ‘anticipative hypothesis’ which posits that such regulation enhances daytime water-use efficiency. Using a novel gravimetric phenotyping approach deployed on parents of a popular maize nested association mapping panel, here we show that while they displayed variation in maximal conductance, none of these lines exhibited the water-saving decrease in daytime canopy conductance, indicating that this is likely a rare trait in maize. In contrast, significant genetic diversity in TRN was found, with values that were up to 18% of daytime TR, indicating a potential involvement of TRN in maize water use and therefore drought tolerance. Importantly, TRN measured under the well-watered conditions of this study was found to be positively correlated with daytime canopy conductance and to lower leaf construction costs (i.e., increase in specific leaf area, SLA), with no relationship with leaf area. This association was found to be partly mediated by a pre-dawn, genotype-dependent circadian increase in TRN, which strongly correlated with whole-night TRN and SLA but not with leaf area. Collectively, those findings indicate that in maize, there is an untapped variation in TRN with potential implications on plant productivity and fitness, particularly in drought-prone environments.
Enhancing prospective teachers’ views of doing mathematics: Documenting and reflecting on mathematical investigations

Too often, students are merely consumers of mathematics, without many opportunities to engage in authentic processes of doing mathematics. As a mathematics teacher educator, I decided to provide mo...
Analysis of DNA Repair Using Transfection-Based Host Cell Reactivation

Host cell reactivation (HCR) is a transfection-based assay in which intact cells repair damage localized to exogenous DNA. This chapter provides instructions for the application of this technique using UV irradiation as a source of damage to a luciferase reporter plasmid. Through measurement of the activity of a reporter enzyme, the amount of damaged plasmid that a cell can “reactivate” or repair and express can be quantitated. Different DNA repair pathways can be analyzed by this technique by damaging the reporter plasmid in different ways. Because it involves repair of a transcriptionally active gene, when applied to UV damage the HCR assay measures the capacity of the host cells to perform transcription-coupled repair (TCR), a subset of the overall nucleotide excision repair pathway that specifically targets transcribed gene sequences.
Opportunities for the use of lentiviral vectors in human gene therapy.

The quest for the perfect delivery system has been one of the leitmotivs in the young history of gene therapy. Remarkable progress in vector design has generated a number of distinct viral and nonviral gene delivery tools, each manifesting advantages and distinct limitations.
Microvascular aspects of ischemia-reperfusion injury

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases that affect a variety of organ systems. Research on this problem has led to the recognition that the microcirculation is particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of I/R. The microvascular dysfunction caused by I/R is manifested as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation in arterioles, enhanced fluid filtration and leukocyte plugging in capillaries, and the trafficking of leukocytes and platelets, as well as extravasation of plasma proteins in postcapillary venules. Activated endothelial cells in all segments of the microcirculation produce more oxygen radicals, and the bioavailability of nitric oxide diminishes after reperfusion. The resulting imbalance between superoxide and nitric oxide in endothelial cells leads to the production and release of inflammatory mediators and an enhanced biosynthesis of and increased cell surface expression of adhesion molecules that mediate the recruitment of both leukocytes and platelets. More recent evidence indicates that I/R reveals a link between inflammation and hemostasis, such that the accumulation of leukocytes coincides with the recruitment of platelets. Our work on intestinal venules indicates that approximately 40% of the adherent leukocytes are platelet bearing, and that platelets utilize P-selection to bind to the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 that is constitutively expressed on the surface of leukocytes. A fraction of the platelets that accumulate in postischemic venules bind directly to activated endothelial cells. Some of the known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes appear to exaggerate many of the microvascular alterations elicited by I/R. Finally, the inflammatory mediators released as a consequence of reperfusion also appear to activate endothelial cells in remote organs that are not directly exposed to the initial ischemic insult. This distant response to I/R can result in leukocyte-dependent microvascular injury that is characteristic of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
Gravitational Lensing by Charged Black Holes

We formulate the lensing effects of a spherically symmetric electrically charged black hole using thin lens equations. The charged black hole leads to three images and could lead to three Einstein rings provided the parameters such as the mass, charge and the distances satisfy certain constraints. We have computed the exact positions of images and magnification properties for a super-massive black hole with electric charge.
How to Be an Ethical Naturalist

The ethical naturalist asks us to take seriously the idea that practical norms are a species of natural norms, such that moral goodness is a kind of natural goodness. The ethical naturalist has not demonstrated, however, how it is possible for a power of reason to be governed by natural norms, because her own attempts to do this have led her into a dilemma. If she takes the first horn and stresses that ethical naturalism provides objective, natural norms of the species, then she fails to show how such norms are practical, or operative from a deliberative point of view. If she takes the second horn and stresses that ethical naturalism yields a picture of knowledge of human life that is practical because it comes through virtuous dispositions of intellect and will, then she fails to have an account of how it is knowledge of facts about a life form, potentially accessible to a non-human knower. In this paper, I argue that one potential resolution to this dilemma can be found in the writings of Thomas Aquinas. On a broadly Thomist account of practical reason, the first principles of practical reason are our common human ends or goods, which are constitutive of a good human life. The work of practical reason on this naturalistic account is twofold: (1) to conceive and order these ends into some general conception of how to live, and (2) to apply this general conception to the particular situations of one’s life in order to realize one’s vision of the good life, here and now.
A comparison of one-sided variables acceptance sampling methods when measurements are subject to error

One-sided variables acceptance sampling plans such as the one presented in Schilling (1982) assume that a quality characteristic of interest, X, has a normal distribution and that measurements are exact. However, when measurements contzun error and standard plans are used, the probability of accepting a lot for a fixed population proportion non­ conforming varies widely depending on the population and measurement error parzmieter values. In this dissertation we consider methods for variables acceptance sampling in the presence of measurement error and evaluate their performance under lower bound constraints on the population variance. In the late 1950's, David, Fay and Walsh (1959) suggested a one-sided variables ac­ ceptance sampling method (David) for problems where the measurement error variance is known. A competitor to this plan (MLE) is one based on plugging maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters of the population into the normal cumulative distribution function and determining lot disposal based on the estimated proportion nonconforming. With great improvements in the speed of computers, other more computationally inten­ sive plans can be compared with the earlier methods. This dissertation develops two other variables acceptance sampling plans (LRTl and LRT2) where the accept/reject decision is bcised on the value of a likelihood ratio statistic. For a fixed sample size, each of the four plans is developed to guarantee a maximum producer's risk no larger than a pre-specified upper bound under the restriction that the ratio of population to measurement error variance is bounded below. The best plan gives the smallest maximum consumer's risk. xi The major findiDgs are that the LRT2 method generally yields smaller maximum consumer risks than the other three methods. (In some special Ccises, the David method yields smadler values.) This result is true across a variety of different combinations of plan parameters. Additionally, variations on the David and MLE methods are developed and com­ pared for the situation where the measurement error variance is unknown, but can be estimated. Plans are developed for two different approaches to estimating the error vari­ ance. It is not clear which method is more useful because neither method out-performs the other in all situations.
Key Informants Specify Core Elements of Peer Supports for Parents With Serious Mental Illness.

Background Researchers have documented the lack of evidence-based interventions for parents with serious mental illness (SMI). Given the prevalence of parenthood among individuals with SMI, the value placed on parenthood, and their diverse vulnerabilities, a robust, theoretically sound and empirically tested model of peer supports would likely provide a valuable complement to psychiatric services. In this paper, we lay the groundwork for a model of peer supports using a program theory development process and guided by stages of evidence-informed innovation outlined by the National Implementation Research Network. Methods This study employed a developmental design in the initial stage of a larger study of the development, implementation and testing of peer supports to address three questions: (1) What needs of parents with SMI are particularly well-suited to peer supports? (2) What do peers have to offer parents? and (3) What is unique about peer supports for parents? A purposeful sampling strategy was used to recruit key informants (n = 22) familiar with peer supports, family-focused care and the experiences of families living with parental mental illness. Individual interviews were conducted face-to-face or on the telephone and a full-day group interview was conducted using a workshop format. Interview data were analyzed qualitatively to identify themes reflecting potential core program elements. Results Consistent themes drawn from data comprise four core program elements: engage, explore, plan, and access and advocate. These core activities are likely founded on practice principles that include a focus on families and their strengths, cultural sensitivity, and acknowledgement of the trauma experienced by many parents. The findings raised a number of challenges in contemplating peer supports for parents with SMI, including the need for ongoing support for peers. Discussion In developing this model, aspects of organizational context must be considered along with specification of the characteristics of parents with SMI suited to this approach and the attributes of peers providing support. A fully-articulated model must include parallel theories of change for the workforce, as well as for participating parents, to support wellbeing in the context of peer relationships and the success of parents with SMI in family life.
Striking gold in software repositories?: an econometric study of cryptocurrencies on GitHub

Cryptocurrencies have a significant open source development presence on GitHub. This presents a unique opportunity to observe their related developer effort and software growth. Individual cryptocurrency prices are partly driven by attractiveness, and we hypothesize that high-quality, actively-developed software is one of its influences. Thus, we report on a study of a panel data set containing nearly a year of daily observations of development activity, popularity, and market capitalization for over two hundred open source cryptocurrencies. We find that open source project popularity is associated with higher market capitalization, though development activity and quality assurance practices are insignificant variables in our models. Using Granger causality tests, we find no compelling evidence for a dynamic relation between market capitalization and metrics such as daily stars, forks, watchers, commits, contributors, and lines of code changed.
Artificial neural network modelling to predict international roughness index of rigid pavements

This research focuses on predicting the International Roughness Index (IRI) of rigid pavements using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model that uses climate and traffic parameters as inputs. A Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database is used to extract data from wet-freeze, wet no-freeze, dry-freeze, and dry no-freeze climatic zones. The climate and traffic parameters are Mean Annual Air Temperature, Annual Average Freezing Index, Annual Average Maximum and Minimum Humidity, Annual Average Precipitation, Annual Average Daily Traffic, and Annual Average Daily Truck Traffic. The ANN model is trained with 70% of climate, traffic and IRI data, rest 15% data is used to test the model, and remaining 15% data is used to validate the model. The trained and the validated models are compared by calculating Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Among many results, the datasets that are tested with 7–9–9–1 ANN structure with hyperbolic tangent sigmoidal transfer function generated the best prediction models with an RMSE value of 0.01 and MAPE value of 0.01 (1% error) for a rigid pavement located in the wet no-freeze climatic zone.
Tunable magnetic order in low-symmetry SeO 3 ligand linked T M 3 ( SeO 3 ) 3 H 2 O ( T M = Mn , Co, and Ni) compounds

The ability to design crystal lattices with specific sublattice geometries has long been sought after especially in the context of harnessing magnetic frustration to elicit emergent physics. One approach which has seen some success recently is to design magnetic sublattices chemically through the use of nonmagnetic linker ligands as scaffolding for the magnetic ions. Here we report the magnetic properties of one such family of materials, the transition metal ($\mathit{TM}$) selenite hydrates with chemical formula $T{M}_{3}{({\mathrm{SeO}}_{3})}_{3}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$. These materials link highly distorted $\mathit{TM}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra via nonmagnetic [${\mathrm{SeO}}_{3}{]}^{2+}$ linkers. Studying members with $\mathit{TM}$ = Mn, Co, and Ni we use magnetic susceptibility and neutron powder diffraction to identify antiferromagnetic order in all three compounds with moderate frustration indexes. A comparison of the magnetic structures suggests that while the overall structure of the ${\mathrm{SeO}}_{3}$ scaffolding remains unchanged the $\mathit{TM}$ effects changes in the magnetic properties through tuning the internal bonding parameters and the single-ion physics. Changing from Mn to Co is found to be particularly consequential manifesting changes in both the ordered-moment direction and in the direction of the ordering vector. Field-dependent measurements of the susceptibility and heat capacity reveal metamagnetic transitions in both ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{({\mathrm{SeO}}_{3})}_{3}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ and ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{({\mathrm{SeO}}_{3})}_{3}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ indicating nearby magnetic ground states accessible under relatively small applied fields. Density functional theory calculations broadly confirm these results, showing both a sensitivity of the magnetic structure to the $\mathit{TM}$ and its local environment. Although no spin liquid behavior is achieved, these results suggest the fruitfulness of such synthesis philosophies and encourage future work to engender higher frustration in these materials via doping, field, pressure, or larger linker ligands.
ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE EVENT RATES AMONG ADULTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE TAKING MODERATE- OR HIGH-INTENSITY STATINS ACCORDING TO THEIR RISK CATEGORY IN THE 2018 AHA/ACC BLOOD CHOLESTEROL GUIDELINE

The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) blood cholesterol guideline uses atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk stratification to guide lipid-lowering therapy. The absolute risk for ASCVD among adults with CKD according to their risk categories in
Special Considerations at the Extremes of Age

According to the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging document Older Americans 2016: Key Indicators of Well-Being, the American population continues to get older at an exponential pace. In 2014, 46 million people over the age of 65 lived in the USA, accounting for 15% of the total population. The “baby boomers” (people born between 1946 and 1964) started turning 65 in 2011, and the number of older people will increase dramatically during the 2014–2030 period. The older population in 2030 is projected to be twice as large as their counterparts in 2000, growing from 35 million to 74 million and representing approximately 21% of the total US population. The population of people over 85 could see growth from 6 million in 2014 to nearly 20 million by 2060. So, it is obvious that we are getting older, but are we truly improving? While the statistics don’t show an increase in overall life expectancy over the past 3 years, our aging population is still faced with a growing number of chronic health conditions leading to a decline in functionality. It is estimated that as high as 16% of the elderly population living in the community have protein-deficient malnutrition, and this number increases by four- to fivefold when this population is admitted to the hospital. These numbers translate to nearly 51.3 billion dollars per year in health-care costs. To counteract our aging population, providing nutritional support and assisting in activities of daily living must be a priority in our ongoing health reform.
Outcomes After Müller Muscle Conjunctival Resection Versus External Levator Advancement in Severe Involutional Blepharoptosis.

Purpose To compare outcomes between Muller muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) ptosis repair and external levator resection (ELR) in patients with severe involutional blepharoptosis. Design Retrospective, interventional, comparative case series. Methods A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent ptosis repair between 2012 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients who underwent MMCR or ELR ptosis repair, patients with complete documentation of preoperative eyelid measurements, and patients with documentation of postoperative outcome. The main outcome measure was surgical failure, defined as patient-reported or physician-reported dissatisfaction with postoperative eyelid height or postoperative upper margin reflex distance (MRD1) of less than 2 mm. Severe ptosis was described as an MRD1 of 0 or worse. Outcome analysis was also performed after stratification for concomitant blepharoplasty performed at the time of ptosis repair. Results A total of 231 patients (372 eyelids) met the study criteria, of which 142 eyelids had severe ptosis. Comparing outcomes of MMCR vs ELR in patients with severe ptosis, there was a statistically significant higher rate of success after MMCR (P = .0143). The rate of ptosis repair success in eyelids that underwent MMCR was 97.2% and 90.9% in patients with severe ptosis and mild/moderate ptosis, respectively (P = .42). In eyelids that underwent ELR, the rate of ptosis repair success was 77.4% and 85% in eyelids with severe ptosis and mild/moderate ptosis, respectively (P = .15). Concomitant blepharoplasty did not affect ptosis repair outcomes in any group. Conclusions MMCR ptosis repair is an effective approach in treating patients with severe ptosis, and it may offer superior outcomes to ELR. In patients with good responses to phenylephrine, MMCR may offer an efficient and highly efficacious surgery regardless of presenting MRD1.
Asthma and COVID-19: Is asthma a risk factor for severe outcomes?

When I first read the manuscript that accompanies this editorial, upon its online publication on February 19th 2020(1), COVID‐19 had already killed 2118 people in China, but only one person in Europe – an 80‐year‐old tourist from China, who died in France on the 15th February. I read the manuscript with grim fascination, as it was clear that SARS‐CoV‐2 had spread very rapidly in China which already had 74,576 cases and in South Korea which already had 58 cases, and that it was then invading Europe also, as France already had 12 cases, Germany 16, the UK 9, Italy 3, Spain 2 and other countries too.
Intravenous Misuse of Unsterilized Methamphetamine Bong Water Laced With Vape Juice.

Abstract As the prevalence of substance use disorders continue to increase nationally and there are more barriers to access traditional illicit drugs, unique ways to create new compounds and mix existing substances will occur. It is critical that consultation-liaison psychiatry and addiction providers appreciate new, potentially dangerous synthetic drugs and combinations of substances that can result in intoxication and withdrawal syndromes along with other concerning medical sequelae. We present a case of a man who peripherally injected bong water with methamphetamine residue and nicotine vaporizer (“vape”) juice as a means of recreational inebriation
Collateral Consequences of School Suspension: Examining the ‘Knifing off’ Hypothesis

School exclusionary practices are routinely used in response to undesired behaviors in the school environment and have been shown to have resulted in unintentional or collateral consequences for youth, including increased risk of arrest, offending behavior, and incarceration. Little research has been done on how school exclusion impacts interaction with prosocial peers and involvement in prosocial opportunities. This study applies the labeling perspective’s knifing off concept to examine whether prosocial exposures and deviant peer associations mediate the relationship between school suspension, arrest, and offending behavior. Using data from the LONGSCAN study, we examined whether suspension led to changes in prosocial peer association and activity involvement, increases in deviant peer association, and ultimately arrest and offending behavior. Results provided support for the labeling perspective’s hypotheses, finding school suspension was indirectly associated with both arrest and offending behavior via decreases in prosocial exposures and increases in deviant peer associations. Findings suggest policy makers should consider alternatives to school suspension where possible to avoid collateral consequences like reductions in prosocial exposures and deviant peer associations and should consider applying restorative approaches following a suspension experience to reintegrate youth into prosocial communities.
Spatial comparison between the H -scan format for classification of ultrasound scatterers and histology - Preliminary results using an animal model of breast cancer

H-scan imaging is a new ultrasound (US) technique used to visualize the relative size of acoustic scatterers. An important issue is the sensitivity of H-scan US image analysis to subtle changes in scatterer sizes. To that end, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the H -scan US image analysis to scatterer size with a direct comparison to histological measures made at the cellular level. Image data was acquired using a programmable US scanner (Vantage 256, Verasonics Inc) equipped with a 256-element L22-8v capacitive micromachined US transducer (CMUT, Kolo Medical). Plane wave imaging with 5 angles was performed at a center frequency of 15 MHz. To generate H-scan US images, parallel convolution filters based on nth-ordered Gaussian-weighted Hermite polynomial functions (i.e GH 2 , GH 6 , and GH 10 ) were applied to the radiofrequency (RF) data to measure the relative strength of the received signals. The filter outputs were then color coded to form the final H-scan US image display. In vivo H-scan US imaging was performed using human breast cancer xenograft in athymic mice. After euthanasia, excised tumor tissue underwent histological processing and the nuclei were stained. Digitized images were then used to compute two key features, namely, nuclear size and spacing, followed by correlation with the co-registered H-scan US data. The H-scan US images exhibited gross spatial patterns that were mirrored in the histology microscopy images. A significant relationship was found between the local H-scan US image intensity and physical measurements of both nuclear size and spacing (R2 > 0. 61, p < 0.001). Overall, preliminary results from use of preclinical model of breast cancer reveals that in vivo H-scan US images linearly correlate with physical measures of nucleus size and spacing as quantified from co-registered histologic images.