cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of working capital efficiency and shareholder return

Since 1997, CFO Magazine has published a ranking of 1000 companies in its “Working Capital Scorecard.” Our research explores the question as to whether working capital management practices based on the accounting metrics used by CFO Magazine serve as a basis for investor-based strategies for superior return generation. We examine the stock performance of top ranked companies from 1997 to 2012 against benchmark portfolios. Controlling for market, market capitalization, book to market, momentum factors, liquidity factors, and corporate governance; the higher ranked firms produce statistically higher excess returns than bottom ranked firms. In bull market periods, firms with superior working capital management outperformed their counterparts on a raw and risk-adjusted basis. These top ranked firms also provide statistically significant active returns regardless of market cycle. In sum, our results indicate that shareholders reward firms with superior working capital management strategies with higher raw and risk-adjusted performance over longer holding periods across the economic cycle especially in bear markets cycles.
Applying Evidence-Centered Design for the Development of Game-Based Assessments in Physics Playground

Game-based assessment (GBA) is a specific use of educational games that employs game activities to elicit evidence for educationally valuable skills and knowledge. While this approach can provide individualized and diagnostic information about students, the design and development of assessment mechanics for a GBA is a nontrivial task. In this article, we describe the 10-step procedure that the design team of Physics Playground (formerly known as Newton's Playground) has established by adapting evidence-centered design to address unique challenges of GBA. The scaling method used for Physics Playground was Bayesian networks; thus this article describes specific actions taken for the iterative process of constructing and revising Bayesian networks in the context of the game Physics Playground.
Interaction of Pt Films With ZnO(0001) and ZnO(0001)

The growth, structure, and electronic properties of Pt films supported on the (0001) and (0001) surfaces of ZnO were investigated using high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Vapor-deposited Pt films were found to grow in a layer-by-layer fashion on both surfaces and exhibited hexagonal LEED patterns. HREELS results indicate that there are only weak electronic interactions at the Pt/ZnO(0001) interface, while charge transfer and Schottky barrier formation occurs at the Pt/ZnO(0001) interface.
Study on curative effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy and mutation of drug resistant gene in HIV-1 infected persons in Ningbo in 2011

Objective:To study the curative effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy and mutation of drug resistant gene in HIV-1 infected persons in Ningbo.Methods:272 anticoagulant blood samples were collected.CD4+T lymphcytes absolute counts and HIV-1 virus load were detected.HIV-1 pol gene was cloned and sequenced if virus load of sample was over 1000 copies/ml.Mutation of drug resistant gene and drug susceptibility were analyzed by the online tool HIVdb Program developed by Stanford University.Results: The mean value of CD4+ T lymphocyte absolute counts was 311±160/μl.Virus load of 19 samples was above 1000 copies/ml.10 sequences were found drug resistance mutations.The whole rate of drug resistance mutations was about 3.73%.2 sequences acquired drug resistance for NNRTI.The others acquired drug resistance for NNRTI and NRTI.Conclusion: The epidemic of HIV-1 strains with drug resistance mutations was at low level in Ningbo.Most of HIV/AIDS patients were susceptible to HAART.But mutation diversity was found in drug resistant gene.More attention should be paid to drug resistance monitoring service.
The Development of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biology

Publisher Summary A major proportion of the organic matter on Earth is plant tissue (“biomass”) and is composed of carbohydrates, principally cellulose. This is the structural support polymer of land plants and the material used since ancient times in the form of cotton and linen textiles, and later as paper. Chitin is a polymer related to cellulose that has skeletal function in arthropods and fungi. Other polymeric carbohydrates constitute the structural support framework for marine plants and the cell walls of microorganisms. The sweet carbohydrate of sugar cane has been a dietary item for a long time. Ranking alongside cellulose in abundance is starch, a biopolymer that is the food-reserve carbohydrate of photosynthetic plants, and the closely related glycogen, the storage carbohydrate in the animal kingdom. The photosynthetic apparatus in the green plant utilizes solar energy to effect the reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide in a complex sequence of reactions whose net result is the formation of glucose, a simple sugar having the molecular formula C6H12O6. Subsequent in vivo conversions afford carbohydrate polymers, notably starch and cellulose, along with many related polymers formed from other monosaccharide sugars. Individual sugars were often named after their source, for example grape sugar for glucose and cane sugar for saccharose. The latter sugar was subsequently obtained from the juice of the sugar beet. A nitrogen-containing sugar obtained by hydrolysis of chitin was termed glucosamine, and hydrolysis of milk sugar led to galactose.
Then and Now: Evolving representations of children in UNICEF photographs

Photography of the child has contributed to international recognition of children’s rights when situations of conflict compromise or threaten these rights. International organizations like the UN and UNICEF have long used photography as a way to raise funds for their initiatives, as well as increase awareness of conflicts around the world. In this paper, I first discuss what makes photography relevant and powerful in the international arena: its transnational appeal, its impact on the individual, the concept of humanitarian photography, and the theory surrounding image-making itself. I then go on to describe the evolution of the UN’s visual strategies and children’s rights due to the changing nature of conflict. Next, I go into case studies of 1) the UNICEF photography campaigns post-WWI 2) trends in UNICEF photography since then and 3) UNICEF photography in the present-day Syrian conflict. These case studies show that although UNICEF portrayals of children have changed significantly, several elements in UNICEF photographs and texts have remained constant. The UNICEF photographs contribute to the following ideas: 1) the nature of conflict over the years has remained unchanged and all conflicts are the same 2) international organizations continue to succeed in resolving conflict 3) the West is distinctly separate from other nations 4) photographers are in a position of dominance compared to their subjects and 5) women and children are vulnerable, passive, and above conflict.
Leadership and Perseverance

Perseverance is a human quality associated with exceptional leaders in a variety of domains. It is also linked to personal well-being. Within this chapter we examine the meaning of perseverance, its benefits, how to have it, and when to use it. Included are short cases on Thomas Edison and Abraham Lincoln, exemplars of perseverance. Also highlighted are more commonplace examples of perseverance in the achievement of challenging goals. For instance, pursuing a degree requires perseverance. The chapter begins with a definition of perseverance and a review of findings that substantiate its significance. Then ways to bolster perseverance in yourself and others are discussed—importantly, even though perseverance has trait-like aspects, it is also developable. Finally, we consider when to persevere or, more specifically, the value of adapting a goal or the means to achieve it to an evolving context. Embedded throughout the reading are many opportunities for reflection and application.
Professionals with Disabilities: Crafting a Meaningful Career

This study examines employed professionals with disabilities in order to determine how they navigate the employment and accommodation process including co-workers, management and the Human Resource...
Endothelial Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2c Inhibits Migration of Smooth Muscle Cells Through Fenestrations in the Internal Elastic Lamina.

Objective—Laminar flow activates myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors in vitro to induce expression of atheroprotective genes in the endothelium. Here we sought to establish the r...
Cosmology at a crossroads

We are at an interesting juncture in cosmology. Despite vast improvements in the measurement accuracy of the Hubble constant, a recent tension has arisen that is either signalling new physics or as-yet unrecognized uncertainties.
Observations and modeling of ocean-induced melt beneath Petermann Glacier Ice Shelf in northwestern Greenland

We update observationally-based estimates of subaqueous melt, Qm, beneath Petermann Glacier Ice Shelf (PGIS), Greenland, and model its sensitivity to oceanic thermal forcing, TF, and subglacial runoff, Qsg, using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), in a two-dimensional domain, with 20-m-vertical and 40-m horizontal resolution at the grounding line. We adjust the drag coefficient to match the observationally-based Qm. With the inclusion of Qsg, the maximum melt rate ( Qmmax) is two times larger in summer and 1/3 larger annually than in winter. Qmmax increases above-linear with TF and below-linear with Qsg. We estimate that Qmmax increased by 24% (+8.1 m/yr) beneath PGIS from the 1990s to the 2000s from a 0.21° C warming in ocean temperature and a doubling in Qsg, hence contributing to its thinning. If the PGIS is removed, we estimate that the modeled melt rate near the grounding line will increase 13–16 times.
“+1 for Imgur”: A content analysis of SIDE theory and common voice effects on a hierarchical bidirectionally-voted commenting system

Abstract This research is among the first to attempt quantitative analysis of a site-bound digital subculture by identifying commenting regularities, using Imgur as a case study. A theoretical framework using SIDE theory and common voice informs a content analysis of 105 Imgur posts and 4404 comments in which the Imgur subculture is identified. Building on initial qualitative work, quantitative evidence is found for common voice, elucidating the Imgur subculture through identification of strategic commenting strategies. Findings indicate that post content affects commenting strategies, as the prevalence of common voice features varied according to post categorization. Additionally, post categories elicited different levels of common voice, with the community identification and humor categories eliciting the greatest concentration of common voice responses and information/mobilization and social support eliciting the least. Findings also suggest a preference for comments that approve of post content, as approving comments received a higher score and more responses than disapproving comments, while disapproving comments received more reprimanding responses. Results provide evidence that empirical study of site-bound digital subgroups is possible, informing future digital media research by providing a theoretical and methodological framework for examining digital subcultures.
Some Basic Theoretical and Experimental Results on Micromechanics of Granular Flow

Summary In order to establish guidelines for modeling the macroscopic behavior of granular materials, an experimental study of the evolution of the microstructure of an assembly of granular materials under a uniform confining pressure and subjected to a pure shear was conducted. The granular material used in the study consisted of photoelastically sensitive rod-shaped particles of oval cross-sections. It was found that (i) the distribution of branches and contact normals are almost identical, (ii) the second rank fabric tensor does not adequately describe the microstructure of highly anisotropic samples, (iii) the density of contacts whose normals lie along the major and minor principal stress axes, varies sharply initially and then approaches a constant value in the course of deformation, and (iv) the density of contacts with planes parallel to the maximum shear stress plane remains practically constant throughout the deformation.
Issues of validity in reporting the number of doctorates in mathematics education

The Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) has historically been used to report the number of new doctorates entering over 100 different academic disciplines annually, including the field of mathematics...
Influence of Initial Provider on Health Care Utilization in Patients Seeking Care for Neck Pain

Abstract Objective To examine patients seeking care for neck pain to determine associations between the type of provider initially consulted and 1-year health care utilization. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort of 1702 patients (69.25% women, average age, 45.32±14.75 years) with a new episode of neck pain who consulted a primary care provider, physical therapist (PT), chiropractor (DC), or specialist from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2013, was analyzed. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group, and subsequent 1-year health care utilization of imaging, opioids, surgery, and injections was compared between groups. Results Compared with initial primary care provider consultation, patients consulting with a DC or PT had decreased odds of being prescribed opioids within 1 year from the index visit (DC: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.76; PT: aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.78). Patients consulting with a DC additionally demonstrated decreased odds of advanced imaging (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.15-0.76) and injections (aOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.56). Initiating care with a specialist or PT increased the odds of advanced imaging (specialist: aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.01-4.38; PT: aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.46), but only initiating care with a specialist increased the odds of injections (aOR, 3.21; 95% CI, 2.31-4.47). Conclusion Initially consulting with a nonpharmacological provider may decrease opioid exposure (PT and DC) over the next year and also decrease advanced imaging and injections (DC only). These data provide an initial indication of how following recent practice guidelines may influence health care utilization in patients with a new episode of neck pain.
Defect structures in solution-grown single crystals of the intermetallic compound Ag3Sn

The compound Ag3Sn adopts the ordered orthorhombic D0a Cu3Ti-type structure. It exhibits an unusual low yield stress and high ductility for an intermetallic compound, but the reasons for these effects are not clear. Here, we report an electron microscopy study on the defects present in solution-grown Ag3Sn single crystals that have deformed during the decanting and subsequent handling processes. It is found that the crystals contain two types of lenticular deformation twins: {011}-type and {211}-type. These twins interpenetrate with no evidence of cracking at the intersections. The crystals also contain high densities of dislocations including long straight dipoles with b = ± [010] and shorter curved segments and loops with b = [ $$ 10\bar{2} $$ ] and [001]. It is inferred that the dipoles are artifacts of specimen preparation that climb in from the cross-sectional sample surfaces, whereas the shorter segments are deformation debris. If a combination of twinning and dislocation glide of the types observed here were to form concurrently during general deformation of Ag3Sn, then they could provide the necessary number of independent deformation modes to accommodate an arbitrary plastic strain, which might help to explain the unusual ductility of this compound.
Design of High Power Factor Charger for Transportation Electrification

The electrification of transportation equipment have a high impact on the power grid, especially when the electric energy is used as its power source, the power conversion of the charging equipment will produce a large amount of harmonics. In order to reduce harmonics and improve operating power factor of the charging system, we select a specific circuit topology based on analysis of the operating characteristics of this type of charger, and carry out theoretical analysis and simulation verification. On these foundations, the prototype of charger is made and closed-loop debugging is carried out, the experimental results show that the output voltage of the prototype is adjustable, the grid-side current is undistorted, and realized a unit power factor operation.
Modified Brave Spaces: Calling in Brave Instructors:

In recent years, instructors teaching about controversial issues such as race and ethnicity have drawn increasingly on the ideas of “safe” and “brave” spaces to encourage and facilitate dialogue du...
Catastrophic Risk, Climate Change, and Disaster Law

Disaster law promises to become an increasingly important subject over the course of this century. Climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weather events, while more people and property will be at risk due to population growth, coastal development and economic growth. Depending on the extent of climate change, the risks vary from serious to catastrophic. In dealing with these increased levels of risk, the entire disaster cycle must be considered, from pre-disaster risk mitigation to emergency response, followed by insurance and compensation, and rebuilding (and then by another potential disaster). This article provides a framework for considering these issues and sets forth five grand challenges for scholars and policymakers. These challenges require improvement in key areas: techniques for planning in the face of uncertainty; property and land-use rules; sensitivity to issues of social justice; the international framework for emergency disaster response; and mechanisms for risk spreading.
dSpliceType: A Multivariate Model for Detecting Various Types of Differential Splicing Events Using RNA-Seq

Alternative splicing plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Dysregulated alternative splicing events have been linked to a number of human diseases. Recently, the high-throughput RNA-Seq technology provides unprecedented opportunities and holds a strong promise for better characterizing and dissecting alternative splicing events on a whole transcriptome scale. Therefore, efficient and effective computational methods and tools for detecting differentially spliced genes and events in human disease are urgently needed. We present a novel and efficient computational method, dSpliceType, to detect five most common types of differential splicing events between two conditions using RNA-Seq. dSpliceType is among the first to utilize sequential dependency of normalized base-wise read coverage signals and capture biological variability among replicates using a multivariate statistical model. dSpliceType substantially reduces sequencing biases by taking ratio of normalized RNA-Seq splicing indexes at each nucleotide between disease and control conditions. Our method employs a change-point analysis followed by a parametric statistical test using Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) on each candidate splicing event for differential splicing event detection. We evaluated and compared the performance of dSpliceType with the other two existing methods, MATS and Cuffdiff. The result demonstrates that dSpliceType is a fast, effective and accurate approach, which can detect various types of differential splicing events from a wide range of expressed genes, including genes with lower abundances. dSpliceType is freely available at http://orleans.cs.wayne.edu/dSpliceType/.
The Varieties of Integrative Experience

The resemblance of this chapter’s title to that of William James’s classic volume on religion is deliberate. This minor plagiarism was prompted, in part, by a reviewer’s comments on the newly republished edition of James’s Principles of Psychology (Adelson, 1982). By authoring this first (and only) comprehensive and integrated textbook of psychology, James became, in this reviewer’s estimation, the final chronicler of the last time in history when one man could know everything in the field. Since then, most of us have engaged in a more or less intense struggle with a psychological elephant that simply cannot be grasped all at once. However, despite our progressive specialization and fragmentation, many psychologists retain a desire to return the field to a unified state. The integration of knowledge, although ever more elusive, remains a compelling ideal.
Future AAVenues for In Utero Gene Therapy

Fetal gene therapy using safe and effective viral vectors no longer remains a distant prospect. Recently in Nature Medicine, Massaro et al. (2018) demonstrated that prenatal intracranial injection of a viral vector results in improved neurologic function, raising the intriguing possibility that in utero gene therapy may be approaching clinical applications.
Long-term outcomes of melody valve-in-valve implantation for bioprosthetic mitral valve dysfunction.

Objectives This study reports long-term outcomes percutaneous Melody valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) valve-in-valve therapy in patients with prosthetic valve dysfunction. Background Repeat valve surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve is a promising alternative in patients at high-risk for cardiac surgery. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 13 patients who underwent Melody valve-in-valve for bioprosthetic dysfunction from July 2011 to October 2013. Results Mean age was 74.4 years, 46% male, and STS score 13.5 ± 6.8%. All patients had NYHA class 3 or 4 symptoms with improvement to class 1 or 2 in 82% post procedure. Median follow-up was 4.5 years with longest follow-up of 5.5 years. Thirty-day mortality was 15.4% with 1-year mortality of 25% and no other reported deaths until 4.5 years. 76.9% of patients had mitral gradient of 5 mmHg or less immediately postprocedure. One patient required repeat valve procedure for structural deterioration at 4.4 years. At 1, 3, and 5 year follow-ups 75% of patients were NYHA class 1 or 2, mean gradients were 4.5 ± 0.6, 6.8 ± 0.5, and 7.5 ± 0.7, respectively. Using 4-point scale, mitral regurgitation postprocedure was 0.8 ± 0.6. At 1, 3, and 5 years this increased to 1.0 ± 1.1, 1.3 ± 1.3, and 2.5 ± 2.1, respectively. Conclusions Melody valve-in-valve therapy was effective with 1-year symptomatic improvement. Prosthesis deterioration requiring repeat intervention was observed in one patient. Larger cohorts with multicenter registries are needed to determine the role of this percutaneous valve-in-valve therapy as valve technology and procedural techniques improve.
High risk glioblastoma cells revealed by machine learning and single cell signaling profiles

Abstract Recent developments in machine learning implemented dimensionality reduction and clustering tools to classify the cellular composition of patient-derived tissue in multi-dimensional, single cell studies. Current approaches, however, require prior knowledge of either categorical clinical outcomes or cell type identities. These algorithms are not well suited for application in tumor biology, where clinical outcomes can be continuous and censored and cell identities may be novel and plastic. Risk Assessment Population IDentification (RAPID) is an unsupervised, machine learning algorithm that identifies single cell phenotypes and assesses clinical risk stratification as a continuous variable. Single cell mass cytometry evaluated 34 different phospho-proteins, transcription factors, and cell identity proteins in tumor tissue resected from patients bearing IDH wild-type glioblastomas. RAPID identified and characterized multiple biologically distinct tumor cell subsets that independently and continuously stratified patient outcome. RAPID is broadly applicable for single cell studies where atypical cancer and immune cells may drive disease biology and treatment responses.
Interfacial Junctions Control Electrolyte Transport through Charge-Patterned Membranes

Distinct transport mechanisms emerge when nanostructured substrates are patterned with multiple chemistries. For example, charge-patterned mosaic membranes possess surfaces functionalized with discrete domains of both positive and negative charge. These oppositely charged domains provide pathways for both the cation and anion from a dissolved salt to permeate through the membrane without violating the macroscopic constraint of electroneutrality. Here, by systematically varying the geometry and size of the charge pattern, we elucidate the molecular interactions that promote the transport of salts under the action of pressure-driven flow. For patterns that consist of equivalent areal coverages of positively charged and negatively charged domains, the effects of the geometric parameters were encapsulated in a single variable, the interfacial packing density, that quantified the fraction of the membrane surface covered by junctions between oppositely charged domains. Experimentally, the transport of symmetric...
Understanding the liver under heat stress with statistical learning: an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics computational approach

We present results from a computational analysis developed to integrate transcriptome and metabolomic data in order to explore the heat stress response in the liver of the modern broiler chicken. Heat stress is a significant cause of productivity loss in the poultry industry, both in terms of increased livestock morbidity and its negative influence on average feed efficiency. This study focuses on the liver because it is an important regulator of metabolism, controlling many of the physiological processes impacted by prolonged heat stress. Using statistical learning methods, we identify genes and metabolites that may regulate the heat stress response in the liver and adaptations required to acclimate to prolonged heat stress. We describe how disparate systems such as sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism, are coordinated during the heat stress response. Our findings provide more detailed context for genomic studies and generates hypotheses about dietary interventions that can mitigate the negative influence of heat stress on the poultry industry.
Ligands for the study of sweet taste receptors: Synthesis of fluorescent N,N′-disubstituted guanidineacetic acids

Abstract The synthesis of three different fluorescent N,N′-disubstituted guanidino acetic acids with intense sweet taste properties is reported. The preparation of disubstituted guanidino acetic acids containing an alpha-naphthylamine, beta-naphthylamine or methylcoumarin substitution produced compounds with fluorescent properties which will make them useful for spectroscopic studies of sweetener-receptor binding site interactions.
Design and Test of 3-D Printed Spherical Ground Planes for Monopole Antennae

This paper presents the design and test of 3-D printed spherically-shaped ground planes for monopole antennae used in space probe applications. Two monopole antennae with spherical ground planes operating at 880 MHz and 1.33 GHz were designed and fabricated using additive manufacturing. Results were compared to a conventional ground plane antenna as well as alternative spherical ground plane antennae using copper-wrapped incandescent light bulbs. The simulated and measured results were in good agreement. The radiation patterns of the spherical ground monopoles are similar to that of a standard monopole antenna provided the sphere radius is set to less than 0.15λ. The use of 3-D printing allows the antenna designer ample flexibility in accurately modeling arbitrarily-shaped ground planes at low cost.
Public sector, information and incentives

Abstract. What is true information in today's world? The hunt for information is on, not only in the private sector - market trends and enterprise data ' bur also on the public sector. Information is strongly linked with incentives: leak news and you have an extra rent. This paper tries to model the crucial role of information and it's incentives in government and it started in the public sector. Keywords. Opportunism, Shirking, Pretending, Asymmetrical knowledge, Hobbes, Montesquieu. JEL. B14, B24, B51.
Underwater 2-D visible light communication system

Ever-increasing data rate demands on the electromagnetic spectrum have become a staple of the 21st century. Additionally, the demand for underwater communication has seen dramatic growth as both the military and industry work to reap the benefits of employing unmanned underwater vehicles. Exploration of the viability of relatively untapped portions of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit data is crucial to potentially alleviate congested spectrums as well as provide high data rate, low detect probability, and low probability of intercept modalities of data transmission. This research explores the use of visible light communication methods to transmit data in an underwater medium. Specifically, this research proposes and analyzes the performance of an underwater free-space optical transmission scheme based on twodimensional, multi-colored grids. We explore the effects the underwater medium has on the transmitted image and evaluate link performance using metrics that include data rate and bit error rate. Additionally, this work evaluates the potential performance improvements that can be gained through the employment of adaptive equalization, which is designed to minimize bit error rate at the receiver.
Measuring tech emergence: A contest

Abstract We conducted a contest to predict highly active research topics. Participants analyzed ten years of Web of Science abstract records in a target technological domain (synthetic biology) so as to indicate cutting edge sub-topics likely to be actively pursued in the following two years. We describe contest procedures and results provided by thirteen participating teams. Contestants used various topical and other fields in the abstract records; some augmented with external data. They applied at least 19 diverse methods in deriving emerging topics predicted to be actively researched in the coming two years. Besides topical text analyses, contestants variously brought to bear both backward and forward citation analyses, and network analyses, to help identify topics apt to be highly researched in the near future. This communal exercise on forecasting near-future research activity using a wide array of text analytic and other bibliometric tools provides a stimulating resource.
Determinants and Implications of Excised Parenchymal Mass on Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Outcomes

Objectives To evaluate the association between excised parenchymal mass (EPM) and postoperative renal function (eGFR) following robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). EPM is the amount of healthy renal parenchyma excised during partial nephrectomy in order to achieve safe surgical margins. Methods We evaluated 406 consecutive RAPN performed by a single surgeon to eliminate variations in technique as a factor in EPM. EPM (mL) = (specimen volume * π/6) - (tumor volume * π/6). RENAL score was categorized as easy (4-6), moderate (7-9), or hard (10-12). EPM was grouped into four categories: ≤ 3.9 mL, 4.0-9.9 mL, 10.0-17.7 mL, and >17.7 mL. eGFR was evaluated preoperatively, postoperative day 1 (POD1), 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively. Results Median age was 63 years (22-84 years), 252 (62.1%) were male, and median EPM was 9.9 mL (interquartile range 3.9 to 17.7 mL). The median EPM and interquartile range for each RENAL category was 3.7 mL (2.0, 7.9), 12 mL (5.7, 19.4), and 16.2 mL (7.9, 24.3), respectively. Higher EPM was associated with worse changes in eGFR at POD1 (P = 0.005) and 1 month after RAPN (P = 0.002) but was not statistically significant at the 6-month time period (P = 0.35) Conclusion Increased tumor complexity is associated with an increase in EPM during RAPN. Increased EPM is associated with eGFR decline at POD1 and 1 month post RAPN but not at 6 months postoperatively.
Pyridine-4-carboxamidoxime N-oxide

Our work in the area of synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on organic N-oxides led to the crystallization of pyridine-4-carboxamidoxime N-oxide. Herein we report the first crystal structure of the title compound, C6H7N3O2 [systematic name: (Z)-4-(N′-hy­droxy­carbamimido­yl)pyridine N-oxide]. The hy­droxy­carbamimidoyl group is essentially coplanar with the aromatic ring, r.m.s.d. = 0.112 A. The compound crystallizes in hydrogen-bonding layers built from the formation of strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the oxime oxygen atom and the oxygen atom of the N-oxide, and the formation of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between one amine nitro­gen atom and the N-oxide oxygen atom. These combined build R34(24) ring motifs in the crystal. The crystal structure has no π–π inter­actions.
The Role of the Rural Context in the Transition to Adulthood: A Scoping Review

Rural adolescents are transitioning to adulthood in the context of growing disparities. To advance research on the social, behavioral, and contextual factors that influence rural young adult development, this study conducted a scoping review. The review sought to identify how researchers defined rural and how/which theories guided their work; how they integrated the rural context into the research design and methods; and how they used variables, concepts, and outcomes to measure rural experiences. Included articles were published between January 2009 and November 2020, included young adults ages 18-29, measured adult role achievement and/or behavioral health outcomes and reported on these outcomes for young adults, and focused on a rural sample within the United States. A systematic search of four databases resulted in 25 empirical articles for the inductive, qualitative analysis. Most studies used atheoretical approaches focusing on outcomes related to adult social roles, substance use, and mental health. Five themes emerged focused on the definitions of rural, the level of integration into the research design and method, and variables salient to the rural experience. These results reveal that future research should clearly define the rural context and better integrate the rural context into the conceptualization, design, methods, and implications of the empirical research.
Developing and implementing a co-curricular IPE program: AHEC Scholars Program.

As part of a new directive, the Human Resources Services Administration (HRSA) mandated Area Health Education Center (AHEC) Programs across the nation to implement an interprofessional education (IPE) program for health professional students, with the goal of fostering collaborative practice among health profession students and motivating students to work in medically underserved areas post-graduation. The South Texas AHEC Program collaboratively developed and implemented a co-curricular IPE initiative, the AHEC Scholars Program, including didactic and practicum components, focused on the needs of communities in our area. A pre-post quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the student outcomes related to IPEC Competencies and knowledge and preparation for the practice of core topic areas mandated by HRSA. Student outcomes showed statistically significant improvement in all measures. In order to obtain more detailed accounts of students' practicum experiences, students were asked to complete reflective journals after each practicum. The AHEC Scholars Program provides students with opportunities to work with underserved populations and enables students to explore the benefits of team-based care. This article summarizes the collaborative process of the development and implementation of the AHEC Scholars Program; secondly, it details student outcomes from a 3-month pilot study.
How children’s social tendencies can shape their theory of mind development: Access and attention to social information

Abstract A wealth of research and theorizing has been dedicated to the idea that children’s theory of mind (ToM) development is contingent upon qualities of their social contexts (e.g., parents’ mental-state language use, the presence of siblings). We highlight the importance of considering the child as an active observer and participant in these social contexts, and thus an agent in their own ToM development. Drawing on research and theory that emphasizes the child’s active role in ToM development, we identify child-level social factors that may be critical in explaining individual differences in this development. Specifically, we focus on variability in children’s ‘social tendencies’—how they attend to social contexts, and how they interact within and shape those contexts. These tendencies may influence the social information that children garner from social contexts—information that they use to construct a ToM. We review and integrate a growing body of research that has established empirical links between individual differences in children’s ToM and their social tendencies—specifically, factors such as their social attentiveness, shyness, anxious-withdrawal, and aggressiveness. Taken together, these findings inform continued debates on whether and how social contexts and children’s participation in those contexts influence children’s ToM, particularly with regard to how children construct their ToM. We conclude with suggestions for continued research on these topics.
Enhanced Machinability of Ti-5553 Alloy from Cryogenic Machining: Comparison with MQL and Flood-cooled Machining and Modeling

Abstract Due to the high performance requirements such as high strength, excellent properties at room and high working temperatures, better resistance to corrosion and fatigue, etc., Ti-5553alloy has been generally considered as a suitable material to replace Ti-6Al-4 V alloy in the aerospace industry for producing components, such as the advanced structural and landing gear. However, high chemical reactivity causing rapid tool-wear, low thermal conductivity resulting in high temperature and the formation of adiabatic shear bands introducing high dynamic loads and tool vibration during machining of Ti-5553alloy, have become the primary reasons limiting the application of this near beta-phase titanium alloy. This paper presents the results of a recent machinability study involving cutting forces, surface roughness and tool-wear aimed at improving the machinability of Ti-5553alloy by using cryogenic machining, and results are compared with those obtained from machining with flood cooling and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) methods. Up to 30% reduction in the cutting forces could be achieved by cryogenic machining compared with flood cooling and MQL. MQL machining provides better surface roughness as higher ductility could be achieved due to the elevated temperatures. In the case of tool-wear, less nose wear is observed on the tool inserts used in cryogenic machining. Also, a finite element method (FEM) model is developed to simulate the cutting forces from cryogenic machining based on the modified Johnson-Cook flow stress model, and a good agreement is achieved between the experimental and predicted results.
Cesàro-Like Operators on the Hardy and Bergman Spaces of the Half Plane

We construct integral operators associated with strongly continuous groups of invertible isometries on the Hardy spaces and the weighted Bergman spaces of the upper half plane. Specifically, we obtain the spectrum and point spectrum of the generator and represent resolvents as integral operators related to the Cesaro operator investigated by Arvanitidis and Siskakis $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal C_{1} f(z):=\frac{1}{z}\int _0^z f(\zeta )\,d\zeta \end{aligned}$$ on the Hardy Spaces $$H^{p}({\mathbb {U}}),\, p>1$$ , Arvanitidis and Siskakis (Can Math Bull 153:1–12, 2011).
Comments on James M. Buchanan “The Fiscal Crisis in Welfare Democracies”

Professor Buchanan’s paper, as we have learned to expect from him, carries a strong message. The welfare State can survive only if it discards discriminatory practices and returns to its earlier reliance on general programs. Unless this is done, it will be swamped by the political pressures of particular interest groups. As one who believes in the historical contribution of the welfare State, I welcome his concern for its survival and will join hands to save it. However, the more general thrust of his paper leaves me uncertain as to how strong an ally I have found.
Beyond the learning curve: incidence of bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy normalize to open in the modern era

Early reports of higher complication rates, specifically bile duct injuries, raised concerns over the safety of laparoscopy over open cholecystectomy. This study aims to ascertain the rate, management, and perioperative outcomes of bile duct injury in an era beyond the laparoscopic learning curve. The New York State (NYS) Planning and Research Cooperative System longitudinal administrative database was used to identify patients. From 2005 to 2010, 156,315 patients were identified who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis or acute or chronic cholecystitis. Patients were then tracked with unique identifiers for common bile duct injury. Common bile duct injury was identified by ICD-9 and CPT diagnosis and procedure codes for patients who subsequently underwent hepatectomy, hepaticojejunostomy, or other bile duct surgery. From 2005 to 2010, 156,958 patients were identified who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis or acute or chronic cholecystitis. Of the total patients, 149 patients underwent a biliary duct procedure within a year. Twenty-four of them were diagnosed with gallbladder cancer and excluded, leaving 125 for further analysis. The biliary injuries were identified at a rate of 0.080 %. Thirty-one of those patients (24.8 %) underwent hepatectomy, 40 patients (32.0 %) underwent hepaticoenterostomy, and 54 patients (43.2 %) underwent primary repair of the bile duct. Thirty-two (26 %) patients were repaired on the same day of their initial procedure. Of the remaining 93 patients, 38 (30 %) were repaired within 10 days, seven (6 %) repaired between 11 and 20 days, and 48 (38 %) patients over 21 days from injury. In NYS, the rate of bile duct injury has now decreased to 0.08 % and mirrors the historical figures quoted for open cholecystectomy. This improvement likely reflects increased experience, improved instrumentation, and movement beyond the “learning curve.”
Introduction of a Pachage System into Prolog

In this paper we introduce a package system enabling Prolog to support modularity and separate compilation. A package system is for the development of large systems and is an important feature when coding is done by a number of programmers.
Services Design for People

Service Science, Management & Engineering i.e. SSME, is a framework where new approaches and interdisciplinary connections can be made to produce relevant and useful knowledge to create services that solve people’s needs for a better quality of life. New solutions to old problems, new applications for existing technologies and innovative entrepreneurial initiatives are hopefully expected to appear from this new field. Services consequently must be planned and run, procuring customers’ confidence for a sustained business success. Design, as an activity focused on service utility and meaning has a key role in customer’s perception. Designing services for the future requires a mindset introducing new concepts and disciplines which must be managed precise and correctly. With this mindset, we introduce the concept of Strategic Design as a framework for services innovation and management through creativity considering value creation for all the stakeholders. This paper is aimed to give a guideline to this approach and its new elements with the related knowledge fields involved.
Generic associative memory for information retrieval

The design of a general purpose associative memory is described. Its applications on Prolog clause indexing and on Relational database search/retrieval operations are explored. This associative memory can perform parallel search for multi-word strings or records, and then retrieve any number of pointers or data. It can be used as a standard RAM for random read/write operations, and as a conventional associative memory for relational search and pattern matching.
Monte Carlo simulation of superdiffusion and subdiffusion in macroscopically heterogeneous media

[1] Monte Carlo simulations are developed to approximate one-dimensional superdiffusion and subdiffusion in macroscopically heterogeneous media with discontinuous or continuous transport parameters. For superdiffusion characterized by a space fractional (α-order) derivative model, one empirical reflection scheme is built to track particle trajectory across an interface with discontinuous dispersion coefficient D, where the reflection probability depends on both α and the ratio of D. Different from the superdiffusive case, anomalous diffusion described by a time fractional derivative model can be decomposed into a motion component and a hitting time process, where the discontinuity affects only the motion process, implying an efficient Monte Carlo simulation of decoupled continuous time random walks. The discontinuity of effective porosity n is also discussed, and results show the influence of the ratio of n on solute particle dynamics. In addition, for anomalous superdiffusion and subdiffusion in heterogeneous media with spatially continuous D and n, Langevin analysis reveals that the corresponding particle dynamics contain three independent stable Levy noises scaled by D, the gradient of D, and the gradient of ln(n). A new implicit Eulerian finite difference method is also developed to solve the spatiotemporal fractional derivative models and then extensively cross verify the Lagrangian solutions. Further testing against one field example of mixed superdiffusion and subdiffusion reveals the applicability and flexibility of the novel Monte Carlo approach in simulating realistic plumes in macroscopically heterogeneous media with locally variable transport parameters.
Abstract 615: TRPM8 channel as a novel molecular target in androgen-regulated prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA TRPM8 channels are highly expressed in prostate cancer cells but the physiological and pathological functions of TRPM8 in these cells are not known. In addition to prostate cancer (PC) cells, TRPM8 is expressed in sensory neurons where it acts as a sensor of cold. Recently, trpm8 has been identified as both an important gene regulated by androgens and a critical regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. The androgen and its receptor (AR) are pivotal in the biology of sex hormone-regulated malignancies, with PC the most affected tumor. From the chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, we observed that an androgen response element (ARE) mediates androgen regulation of TRPM8. Further, using immunoprecipitation and calcium-imaging experiments, we identified that TRPM8 Ca+2 channels are functionally associated with androgens (testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone) in the prostate. We also identified that unlike prostate cancer cell lines (LNCAP, PC3 and RWPE2) and normal prostate tissues, prostate tumor tissues (grade 1-4) showed high levels of TRPM8 which was predominantly localized as the plasma membrane protein at the tumor periphery. Of note, the decreased stabilization of TRPM8 on the plasma membrane was associated with increased expression of AR protein. These results suggest an important role of androgen signaling in trpm8 gene transcription corroborating to cancer progression and clinical lethality in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Swapna Asuthkar, Kiran Velpula, Eleonora Zakharian. TRPM8 channel as a novel molecular target in androgen-regulated prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 615. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-615