cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of relative humidity on the mechanical and drug release properties of theophylline pellets coated with an acrylic polymer containing methylparaben as a non-traditional plasticizer

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of relative humidity (RH) on the mechanical and dissolution properties of theophylline pellets coated with Eudragit((R)) RS 30 D/RL 30 D containing methylparaben (MP) as a non-traditional plasticizer. The coated beads were stored at 23 degrees C and at different relative humidities (0, 29, 51, 75 and 84% RH). The effect of storage conditions on the rate of drug release from coated beads was determined in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution. The mechanical properties, including tensile strength and Young's modulus, of individual beads were determined by a diametral compression method with a Chatillon((R)) tension/compression apparatus. The morphology of the intact and fractured beads was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The moisture content of the polymeric films was determined using a Karl Fischer coulometric moisture analyzer. The results from the mechanical studies demonstrated that an increase in the relative humidity resulted in a decrease in the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the coated beads. SEM photographs showed that coated beads stored at 0% RH exhibited brittle fracture failure. The coated beads stored at 84% RH showed ductile behavior, which was attributed to the hydroplasticization effect on the acrylic polymer due to the uptake of moisture. The moisture content in the films was also shown to influence the rate of drug release from Eudragit((R)) RS 30 D/RL 30 D coated beads containing MP as the plasticizer. The change in release profiles could be minimized when the relative humidity was reduced to zero. The dissolution rate of theophylline from the coated beads decreased when stored at high relative humidities. This trend was reversed when the coated beads that were stored at 84% RH for 5 weeks, were then equilibrated at 0% RH.
Play is the thing that brings it all together

(1977). Play is the thing that brings it all together. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 16, Nonverbal, pp. 215-219.
In search of Buber's Ghosts: A calculus for interpersonal phenomenology

A Boolean analysis of three independently developed methods for the study of interpersonal phenomenology reveals that they are isomorphic with one another. Their shared structure makes it possible to develop a single lucid and rigorous language for the full interpretation of all three methods. This language removes the need for intuitive derivations of terms, reduces semantic confusion, clarifies relations among terms, provides a basis for new applications, and reduces scoring effort by over 95 per cent. The language possesses sufficient generality to be useful in a variety of studies of interpersonal phenomenology. Implications are discussed with reference to three specific applications: the study of process and outcome in marital therapy, the phenomenology of different ethnic groups, and the study of communication and attribution in the families of schizophrenics. “First, there is Peter as he wishes to appear to Paul, and Paul as he wishes to appear to Peter. Then there is Peter as he really appears to Paul—that is, Paul's image of Peter and similarly there is the reverse situation. Further, there is Peter as he appears to himself, and Paul as he appears to himself. Lastly, there are the bodily Peter and the bodily Paul. Two living beings and six ghostly appearances which mingle in many ways in the conversation between the two.” (Buber, 1957, p. 107).
Neutron Diffusion, Primordial Nucleosynthesis, and the R Process

Abstract The application of standard particle physics to big bang cosmology predicts that the temperature interval between roughly 1 TeV and the onset of primordial nucleosynthesis at 100 keV should be rich in physical phenomena; electroweak symmetry breaking, chiral symmetry breaking, and quark confinement should all occur in this interval. First-order phase transitions can produce entropy inhomogeneities because of the uneven release of latent heat, and by shocks and detonations if significant supercooling occurs. In addition, stable objects such as black holes or soliton stars can be produced, and these objects can generate entropy by accretion. These possibilities suggest that the assumption of homogeneity in the standard model of big bang nucleosynthesis could be seriously wrong. In this article I analyse nucleosynthesis in inhomogeneous cosmologies, and I conclude that if baryon density contrasts of order 10 can be created on the proper scales, then the success of the standard model in predicting light-element abundances can be matched by a model containing a closure density of baryons. I argue that the prediction of the cosmological production of r -process elements by the inhomogeneous models is the most promising means of discriminating between these models and the standard model.
A Comparative Study on the Performance of the Parallel and Distributing Computing Operation in MatLab

This study describes the performance results on testing MatLab applications using the parallel computing and the distributed computing toolboxes under different platforms with different hardware and operating systems. Each trial was executed keeping the hardware fixed and changing the operating system to obtain unbiased results. To standardize the benchmarking test, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), edge detection and matrix multiplication algorithms were executed. The results show that the leveraging of multicore platforms can speed up considerably the processing of images through the use of parallel computing tools in MatLab. Two different system hardware platforms (systems 1 and 2) were used in a series of experiments. Four rounds of experiments were performed benchmarking the FFT algorithm using the parallel tool box, by changing system platform, number of workers, image size and number of images. The results of the ANOVA test suggest that although there is no statistical significance on the factor represented by the operating system (OS) on system 1, the OS plays a significant roll on system 2. Moreover, on both systems there is statistical significance on the factors represented by the number of workers utilized and the number of images processed, yielding more than a 500% performance increase by using 8 MatLab workers on a dual quad-core machine.
Tapping an unlimited resource: the young, talented and creative minds of student workers

At Indiana University (IU) I manage a group of 60 network consultants who are charged with connecting and maintaining network connections for 12,000 campus residents. In addition our group manages 29 technology labs. In times of budget reductions and fewer hours to complete our ever-increasing workload, we've taken advantage of the opportunity to utilize the great minds we currently have in our employ; our student workers. Our diverse group of students continue to astound us with their unlimited creativity, talent and energy for developing the types of tools we need for coordination and management of our business processes. We will illustrate the online tools we use for shift reporting and monitoring, site information, FAQs, problem reporting, online chatting, and many others. Participants at SIGUCCS should walk away from this presentation with lots of ideas for managing their resources and expanding their boundaries with student involvement in tools development.
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor mediated changes in aqueous dynamics: effect of pertussis toxin.

Because alpha-2 (alpha 2) adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of signal transduction mechanisms is regulated, in part, by inhibitory G (Gi) protein, we studied the effects of pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment on alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, UK 14,304-18 (UK; brimonidine)-induced: (1) changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous flow rate of rabbits; (2) modulation of 3H-norepinephrine (NE) overflow of rabbit iris-ciliary bodies (ICBs) and (3) accumulation of cyclic AMP in rabbit ICBs and cultured non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells. Results showed that UK (50 micrograms) lowered the IOP of normal rabbits by 8 +/- 1 mmHg (n = 8) at 3 hr when treated topically and that the reduction of IOP was accompanied by a decrease in aqueous humor inflow (35%, n = 5). Therefore, it was postulated that these UK-induced effects involve activation of a Gi protein linked to alpha 2 adrenoceptors. In PTX-pretreated (2.5 micrograms kg-1, i.a.) rabbits, hypotensive responses to UK were reduced by 50% and 70% (n = 8) at days 4 and 7 post PTX treatment, respectively. The suppression of aqueous humor inflow induced by UK was also prevented by the PTX treatment. In isolated, perfused rabbit ICBs, UK (1 microM) caused 50% inhibition of 3H-NE overflow from electrical field stimulation. Pretreatment with PTX (150 ng ml-1, 4 hr) partially prevented UK-induced inhibition of NE overflow. In in vitro assays of postjunctional alpha 2 adrenoceptor activity, UK (1 microM) inhibited isoproterenol (ISO, 1 microM)-stimulated cAMP accumulation by 45% and 48% in ICBs and NPE cells, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Growth of Graphite Nanofibers from the Iron−Copper Catalyzed Decomposition of CO/H2 Mixtures

We have investigated the formation of graphite nanofibers from the catalytic decomposition of CO/H 2 mixtures over a series of powdered Fe-Cu catalysts at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700 °C. The physical and structural characteristics of the nanofibers have been established from examination of the materials by a variety of techniques including transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed oxidation, nitrogen surface area measurements, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the addition of Cu to Fe did not exert a significant influence on the amount of solid carbon product formed in the reaction. On the other hand, examination of the nanofibers by high-resolution TEM revealed that the materials generated from Fe-rich Cu bimetallics were notably more graphitic in nature than those grown from pure Fe. As the reaction temperature was increased from 600 to 700 °C, the structure of the graphite nanofibers underwent a dramatic change from a "platelet" to "tubular" configuration. It is suggested that this transformation is directly associated with the α-Fe to γ-Fe phase change over this temperature range.
Avidity and Bactericidal Activity of Specific IgG Antibody Elicited by Immunization Against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) with a Combined DTaP-Hib-Hepatitis B Vaccine in Infants ♦ 929

We previously showed that a diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine when combined with Haemophilus influenzae b(Hib) polysaccharide (PRP) conjugated to tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) vaccine and Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine as a single injection: (1) does not produce equivalent anti-PRP antibody levels to those achievable with separate injections in infants following a three dose primary sequence at 2, 4 and 6 months of age; but (2) vaccinees producing low or undetectable anti-PRP antibody responses achieve high-titered, IgG-predominant responses when given a booster of PRP-conjugate (CRM197-OS) vaccine 3-7 months later, suggestive of a memory response (Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:1378-1384). Here, we assessed the avidity and bactericidal activity (BA) of the sera from these infants to further characterize the immunologic responses and the functional capacity of the antibodies produced. Avidity of the anti-PRP antibody was quantitated by use of a chaotropic agent (2.5-6.0M urea) in an ELISA with results expressed as percent of antibody bound to PRP after chaotropic exposure. BA was measured by a standard in vitro assay with wild Hib (strain Eagan). CBER lot 1983 anti-PRP antisera was used as a reference for both assays. Avidity and BA of 39 sera (post primary DTaP-PRP-T-HB combined vaccine, pre-CRM197-OS boost and post-boost) from infants with anti-PRP antibody levels 1.0 μg/ml. In vaccinees with 1 μg/ml of IgG anti-PRP antibody the post primary value was 66% (61-71%) and for the CBER standard it was 59% (53-65%); 1 μg/ml group post primary (p<0.001). BA of the anti-PRP antibody was correlated with total anti-PRP IgG antibody (r=0.61, p<0.001). We conclude that despite low post priming anti-PRP antibody levels, the studied DTaP-PRP-T-HB combination vaccine (manufactured by SmithKline Beecham) elicits antibody of high avidity, affinity maturation as seen in memory responses appears to occur in the absence of further antigen exposure from post primary to pre-boost even in those with very low anti-PRP antibody, and the elicited anti-PRP antibody is bactericidal.
Using Floating Cars to Measure Travel Time Delay: How Accurate Is the Method?:

In practice, partial floating car runs (runs in the direction of the traffic flow of interest) plus a measured or assumed controlling bottleneck capacity could be used to estimate the total travel time delay along a freeway segment. The floating car's travel time in excess of that of user-specified free flow travel is defined as the floating car's measured travel time delay. This delay, along with the bottleneck capacity, could be used to estimate excess traffic demand. The total freeway segment delay could then be determined on the basis of the fundamental queuing diagram. To examine the quality of this estimation method, an explicit evaluation of the accuracy level of the estimated delay was conducted. Trajectory data for thousands of vehicles on six freeway facilities across the United States were analyzed, and a floating car's travel time and delay were generated (simulated) as the average travel time and delay of all its neighboring vehicles within a specified duration. This was found to be an inaccurate method. Although performance is influenced by the combination of such factors as the user-specified free flow speed (delay definition), the floating car intervals, the floating car generation method, and facility-specific traffic conditions, the assumed bottleneck capacity is observed to be the primary contributor to inaccuracy. Until a practicable method is found for determining the true flow between any two consecutive floating cars to supersede the assumed capacity, the estimation should be interpreted only in its comparative sense, such as tracing the trend of delay development for a freeway facility.
Self-folding shape memory laminates for automated fabrication

Nature regularly uses self-folding as an efficient approach to automated fabrication. In engineered systems, however, the use of self-folding has been primarily restricted to the assembly of small structures using exotic materials and/or complex infrastructures. In this paper we present three approaches to the self-folding of structures using low-cost, rapid-prototyped shape memory laminates. These structures require minimal deployment infrastructure, and are activated by light, heat, or electricity. We compare the fabrication of a fundamental structure (a cube) using each approach, and test ways to control fold angles in each case. Finally, for each self-folding approach we present a unique structure that the approach is particularly suited to fold, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
ENDOTHELIAL CELL TRANSPLANTATION INTO THE CORPUS CAVERNOSUM: MOVING TOWARDS CELL-BASED GENE THERAPY

Purpose:: As a first step toward a cell based gene therapy for erectile dysfunction, we transplanted fluorescently labeled autologous microvessel endothelial cells (MVEC) into the rat corpus cavernosum.Materials and Methods:: MVEC were isolated from the epididymal fat pad, labeled with the membrane intercalating dye PKH 26, and injected into the corpus cavernosum. Two to 15 days after transplantation the penises were removed, cryosectioned, and examined under epifluorescent and phase contrast microscopy.Results:: In 7 consecutive animals transplanted fluorescent cells were identified in the corpora cavernosa. Bilateral distribution was noted in each animal, and staining with ED1 determined that the fluorescence was not due to engulfment of the MVEC by phagocytic cells.Conclusion:: Transplanted endothelial cells adhere and persist in the corporal sinusoids and provide a rationale for cell-based gene therapy in the penis.
Expression, purification, and co-crystallization of IRF-I bound to the interferon-β element PRD I

Abstract Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is an essential factor involved in the regulation of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible genes. The protein consists of 329 amino acids that are highly conserved from mouse to human. Similar to other transcription factors, the protein is modular in nature with a basic N-terminal region involved in DNA binding and an acidic C-terminal region required for activation. We report here the expression, purification and co-crystallization of the minimal N-terminal region of IRF-1 involved in DNA binding (amino acids 1–113) with a 13 bp DNA fragment from the IFN-β promoter. The crystals diffract to at least 3.0Ain resolution and belong to space group R3 with unit cell parameters of a = b = 84.8A, c = 203.7A.
Distribution of Energy Eigenvalues in the Irregular Spectrum

The distribution of energy eigenvalues in the irregular spectrum is derived in the semiclassical limit $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ by use of a plausible assumption on the spatial distribution of the corresponding eigenfunctions.
Arteriovenous fistula originating from proximal part of the anterior cerebral artery.

Abstract Intracerebral arteriovenous fistulas of the brain may be misdiagnosed as arteriovenous malformation. There are only a few reports in the literature about this concept and to the best of our knowledge this is the first case arising from the proximal part of the anterior cerebral artery in association with an aneurysm that ruptured. A 64-year-old man presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient was neurologically intact. Cerebral angiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the patient revealed a small arteriovenous malformation of the brain involving the region of gyrus rectus and the posteromedial aspect of the orbitofrontal gyrus in addition to an aneurysmal dilatation within the malformation. An arteriovenous fistula arising from the junction of the A1 and A2 segments of the right anterior cerebral artery connected to a vein that has tributaries spreading over the fronto-orbital gyrus and gyrus rectus, were observed during surgery. The patient was successfully treated with clip ligatation of the fistula. Intracerebral arteriovenous fistulas are rare lesions. They may easily be misdiagnosed as arteriovenous malformations. There preoperative consideration in the differential diagnosis can help to decide the most appropriate treatment option.
Class-specific cell death shapes the distribution and pattern of central projection of cat retinal ganglion cells

The development of the nasotemporal division in cat retina was studied. We find that in the normally pigmented neonatal cat significant numbers of ganglion cells of all types in temporal retina project to the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd); far fewer cells in temporal retina project contralaterally to the LGNd in the normal adult. Thus, most of these cells must be eliminated during development. Experimental interruption of one optic tract in the neonate results in the retrograde degeneration of the ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells in the temporal retina ipsilateral to the lesion. Consequent to the loss of the ipsilaterally projecting cells in this hemiretina, many of the ganglion cells projecting to the intact contralateral LGNd, which are normally eliminated, survive. Also, unlike in the normal cat, in which very few of the small ganglion cells in temporal retina project contralaterally to the thalamus, in optic tract sectioned (OTX) cats, significant numbers of the smallest ganglion cells in the temporal retina ipsilateral to the lesion project contralaterally to the intact thalamus. In order to make a quantitative comparison of the distributions of ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting cells in the temporal retinae of normal cats, OTX cats, and neonatal kittens, it was necessary to determine the position of the vertical meridian in all animals. We defined the vertical meridian as the median edge (Stone, 1966). The median edge was determined from the distribution of the most nasally located, ipsilaterally projecting cells in temporal retina. The results indicate that the angle of the vertical meridian (median edge) with respect to the area centralis and optic disc is specified before birth and does not differ in normal cats, OTX cats, or neonatal kittens. Since the location of the vertical meridian does not change with age in postnatal life and is not affected by optic tract section, corresponding regions of retina in the different groups could be compared. A quantitative analysis of ganglion cell density in the temporal retina contralateral to the section, ipsilateral to the intact hemisphere, indicated that there was a reduction in the population of ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells that was complementary to the abnormally large number of contralaterally projecting cells surviving in the temporal retina ipsilateral to the lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Microfabricated PMN-PT on silicon cantilevers with improved static and dynamic piezoelectric actuation: Development, characterization and control

The paper reports a new composite bimorph Piezo-MEMS actuator based on the mono-crystalline and high piezoelectric coefficient material PMN-PT. The technology is based on the gold bonding of two bulk materials (PMN-PT and Silicon) followed by the Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) on the silicon side, leading to an optimized displacement actuator. The process requires an external re-polarization, yet the piezoelectric properties are conserved. The device is characterized then modeled and operated in a closed-loop control. The actuation capabilities results are compared to the ones of a classical PZT-ceramic actuator of equivalent size, demonstrating a 3 to 4 times net gain in terms of displacement range. The dynamics are improved by a factor of 2.5X for the same actuating range. The newly microfabricated actuator is also lighter and compatible with the silicon batch fabrication. Future applications include microrobotics, microassembly, cells and gene manipulation etc.
Laboratory creation of a highly transmissible H5N1 influenza virus: balancing substantial risks and real benefits.

The controversy surrounding the newly engineered H5N1 influenza virus escalated when the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity recommended that the work be published but recommended signi...
The semantics of future and an application

The future annotation of MultiLisp provides a simple method for taming the implicit parallelism of functional programs. Prior research on future has concentrated on implementation and design issues, and has largely ignored the development of a semantic characterization of future. This paper considers an idealized functional language with futures and presents a series of operational semantics with increasing degrees of intensionality. The first semantics defines future to be a semantically transparent annotation. The second semantics interprets a future expression as a potentially parallel task. The third semantics explicates the coordination of parallel tasks by introducing placeholder objects and touch operations.We use the last semantics to derive a program analysis algorithm and an optimization algorithm that removes provably redundant touch operations. Experiments with the Gambit compiler indicate that this optimization significantly reduces the overhead imposed by touch operations.
Bistatic canopy scattering simulation using modified MIMICS

The Michigan microwave canopy scattering model (MIMICS) was developed to simulate microwave backscattering from tree canopies. It is a simulation solution of the radiative transfer equations. The tree canopy is modeled as two horizontal vegetation layers over a dielectric ground surface. We modify MIMICS to accommodate the simulation of bistatic canopy scattering. Two angle parameters are added to specify the scattered direction. More types of extinction, source, and phase matrices, and ground reflectivity matrices are calculated. We present and analyze the bistatic scattering simulation results of several canopy coverages.
Retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report and review of the literature

Retinal lesions occur frequently in systemic lupus erythematosus, however, they rarely cause visual impairment. A patient blinded by severe lupus retinopathy is described, and the pertinent literature is reviewed.
Energy-throughput optimization for wireless ARQ protocols

We consider energy-efficient resource allocation for wireless fading channels. We study the case where a sliding window ARQ protocol such as Go-Back-N is used to provide reliable communication. In particular, we consider power allocation policies that take into account the underlying window dynamics. An optimal dynamic programming approach and a sub-optimal approach based on renewal theory are given. Numerical results comparing these approaches are also presented.
The Experience Factor in Foreign Market Entry Behavior of Service Firms

The paper examines the effect of international experience on service firms' selection of foreign markets and entry modes. The investigation utilizes survey date from 151 United States-based service firms. Results on market selection suggest that, as their experience increases and becomes geographically more diversified, service firms tend to choose markets that are culturally less similar to their home country. On entry mode choice, the paper departs from traditional linear conceptualizations and hypothesizes a U-shaped relationship between experience and propensity for integrated entry modes. Results generally support the hypothesis. The paper explains these findings and describes how service firms resemble and differ from manufacturing firms in their foreign market entry behavior.
Determining Patrol Officer Job Satisfaction

The central issue of this study involves determining the importance of various demographic and job specific attitudes in predicting job satisfaction among patrol officers. Findings contradict much of the previous literature that suggested a predictable association between specific factors and officer attitudes. Instead this study supports a Situational approach to predicting job satisfaction. In addition, the impact of affirmative actions was shown to be highly associated with job satisfaction under certain circumstances.
Magnetic separation: A review of principles, devices, and applications

Conventional magnetic separation devices are widely used for the removal of tramp iron from a variety of feed materials and for the beneficiation of ferrous ores. These devices for separation of strongly magnetic materials employ a variety of mechanical designs. Recently developed high gradient magnetic separation devices extend the useful application of magnetic separation to very weakly magnetic materials of small particle size. Potential applications of these new devices in pollution control, chemical processing, and the benefication of nonferrous low grade ores is indicated. The principle of operation of magnetic separation devices is the interaction between magnetic forces and competing gravitational, hydrodynamic, and interparticle forces within the magnetic separator. Without resort to a detailed analysis of the separation process, an understanding of the characteristics of magnetic separators is possible by consideration of a simple force-balance model. Descriptions of the conventional grate, drum and belt magnetic separators, laboratory magnetic separators, and several high gradient devices are given to illustrate the devices of major commercial importance and to illustrate the physical principles of magnetic separation.
Microphotonic modulator for microwave receiver

Experimental results from a new microphotonic modulator with direct electrical-to-optical conversion are presented. The modulator consists of high-Q RF and microphotonic electro-optic resonators that are operated in simultaneous resonance. RF, optical, and time-domain results approach 100% optical modulation at gigahertz frequencies.
Effect of nanofillers on the properties of flexible protective polymer coatings

Nanofillers with different size, shape, chemical structure, aspect ratio, and purity, including pristine montmorillonite (MMT-Na) and hydrotalcite (HT) lamellar clays, and nonpurified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and fullerenes (FUL) were dispersed in a waterborne flexible acrylic coating. SEM and WAXD analysis of drawn-down composite films containing 5 and 10 wt% fillers confirmed the random orientation of the MMT-Na and HT platelets having intercalated or partially exfoliated structures. SEM analysis of composites containing SWNTs revealed the presence of clusters rather than single fibers and irregularly shaped carbonaceous impurities. Low aspect ratio, but well-dispersed particles were observed in the FUL composites. Only the SWNT filler improved the thermal stability of the unfilled polymer; the presence of SWNT and MMT-Na had a negligible effect on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the coating. The presence of all nanofillers increased the tensile secant modulus of the polymer and decreased somewhat tensile strength and elongation at break to different degrees depending on type of filler and concentration. Some nanofillers significantly reduced the water vapor transmission rate of the unfilled matrix. Experimental data are discussed in terms of parameters known to affect mechanical and barrier properties including volume fraction, orientation, aspect ratio, dispersion, interfacial adhesion, and filler hydrophilicity. The results of this work indicate that it is possible to improve certain properties of acrylic protective coatings through the addition of low cost, unmodified nanoclays or by using nonpurified carbon allotropes, without a significant compromise of the strength and ductility of the polymeric matrix. POLYM COMPOS., 27:368–380, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Assignment of Personal Values Among Adolescents

Two groups of adolescents (N = 357) consisting of 212 tenth-grade students and 145 ninth-grade students were administered the Rokeach Value Survey (1960) to determine how adolescents identify with traditional values and with those values containing concrete or abstract components. The subjects ranked 18 terminal values according to their importance. Values that can be experienced to some extent by adolescents were ranked highest by both groups, but social values that seemed abstract or impersonal were ranked lower by both groups. Values dealing with the inner self were ranked higher by the 10th-grade group. Ninth-graders' modality for idealism seemed to influence their views of values such as a world of peace and pleasure. Tenth-graders' greater socialization toward adult roles seemed to influence their views of values relating to future events.
THE CONTROL OF EGG-TRANSMISSION OF M. GALLISEPTICUM IN CHICKENS.

(1965). The Control of Egg-Transmission of M. Gallisepticum in Chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 262-266.
Single vibronic level emission spectroscopy of the low-lying electronic states of NiI

Five low-lying (Te < 2200 cm � 1 ) electronic states of NiI have been observed using single vibronic level (SVL) emission spectroscopy, via three hitherto unobserved band systems in the range 21 150– 22 410 cm � 1
Educational technology in medical education

This article aims to review the past practices of educational technology and envision future directions for medical education. The discussion starts with a historical review of definitions and perspectives of educational technology, in which the authors propose that educators adopt a broader process-oriented understanding of educational technology. Future directions of e-learning, simulation, and health information technology are discussed based on a systems view of the technological process. As new technologies continue to arise, this process-oriented understanding and outcome-based expectations of educational technology should be embraced. With this view, educational technology should be valued in terms of how well the technological process informs and facilitates learning, and the acquisition and maintenance of clinical expertise.
Distinct functional domains of the Abelson tyrosine kinase control axon guidance responses to Netrin and Slit to regulate the assembly of neural circuits

To develop a functional nervous system, axons must initially navigate through a complex environment, directed by guidance ligands and receptors. These receptors must link to intracellular signaling cascades to direct axon pathfinding decisions. The Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a crucial role in multiple Drosophila axon guidance pathways during development, though the mechanism by which Abl elicits a diverse set of guidance outputs is currently unknown. We identified Abl in a genetic screen for genes that contribute to Netrin-dependent axon guidance in midline-crossing (commissural) neurons. We find that Abl interacts both physically and genetically with the Netrin receptor Frazzled, and that disrupting this interaction prevents Abl from promoting midline axon crossing. Moreover, we find that Abl exerts its diverse activities through at least two different mechanisms: (1) a partly kinase-independent, structural function in midline attraction through its C-terminal F-actin binding domain (FABD) and (2) a kinase-dependent inhibition of repulsive guidance pathways that does not require the Abl C terminus. Abl also regulates motor axon pathfinding through a non-overlapping set of functional domains. These results highlight how a multifunctional kinase can trigger diverse axon guidance outcomes through the use of distinct structural motifs.
Evidence of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, spawning in the vicinity of Exuma Sound, Bahamas

Exuma Sound is a semi-enclosed body of water bounded by islands of the Bahamas. During July 2000, sampling for larval billfish was carried out throughout the Sound's surface waters as well as in adjacent open waters of the Atlantic Ocean. A total of 99 larval billfish (Istiophoridae) was collected. Ninety of the larvae were identifiable as blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and three as sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus). The remaining larvae were also istiophorids, unidentified to species owing to damage; no larval Xiphias gladius were collected. Larval blue marlin densities ranged from 0 to 3.4 larvae/1000 m 2 ; their sizes ranged from 3.1 mm notochord length to 22.6 mm standard length. Densities tended to be highest north-east of the Sound's central axis, especially within the two regions where exchange with the Atlantic is greatest. Mean densities tended to decrease in the direction of mean flow; mean lengths increased from 8.08 mm at the Sound's mouth to 14.7 mm standard length at its upper reaches. Length-based estimates of larval age ranged from 2.2 to 17.2 days. Given these age estimates and assuming passive surface transport, the blue marlin larvae collected were likely the result of recent spawning in waters that include Exuma Sound and may extend some 200 km south-east of its mouth. This study suggests that Exuma Sound functions as a nursery area for blue marlin, and possibly other billfish species, at least during the summer. Limited sampling just outside Exuma Sound, in the Atlantic Ocean proper, also yielded blue marlin larvae.
Active tapes: bus-based sensor networks

In this work, we explore active tapes, a novel sensor network architecture. An active tape is a sequence of sensor nodes and related units (such as batteries) organized around a bus. A bus of programmable sensor nodes is, in effect, a programmable linear array, thus the term active tape. A bus provides a simple mechanism to share resources. In a sensor network context, the primary sharing concerns center around energy, sensing and networking. This paper serves as an introduction and initial exploration into the design space of active tapes.
The Management of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Older Adults

The incidence and prevalence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) increase progressively with age. Although the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of VTED are generally similar in older and younger adults, prevalent comorbidities often complicate the management of VTED in the elderly. The Sixth American College of Chest Physicians Consensus Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy provides comprehensive recommendations for the management of VTED. This article summarizes these recommendations as they apply to older adults and highlights factors that may modulate the diagnosis and treatment of VTED in the elderly patient.
WINTER SURVIVAL OF NORTHERN PINTAILS IN THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE VALLEY, NEW MEXICO

Abstract In response to continued low population numbers of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) in North America and to increase knowledge of the geographic variation in pintail survival rates, we estimated 126-day (27 October–2 March) survival for male and female pintails wintering in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico, during 2001–2002 (SY1) and 2002–2003 (SY2). Sixty-nine adult male and female pintails were marked with radio-transmitters and tracked throughout the study period. Weekly relocation data in relation to study year, sex, time (week), body condition at capture, and hunting seasons were modeled using the known-fate procedure in Program MARK. Year, sex, time, and body condition covariates did not improve model performance in estimating survival, so we used the most parsimonious model to produce an overall winter survival estimate of 0.597 ± 0.077 (95% C.I. = 0.442–0.735). Weekly survival estimates did not differ between hunting and nonhunting seasons. Male and female point estimates did not dif...
Circumventing Metal Dissolution Induced Degradation of Pt-Alloy Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Revealing the Asymmetric Volcano Nature of Redox Catalysis

One of the major obstacles to the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is the usage of scarce platinum in the cathode for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although progress has been made in reducing Pt usage by alloying with transition metals M (M = Co, Ni, Cu, etc.), practical applications of Pt-M/C catalysts are impeded by their insufficient durability under the highly corrosive conditions at a PEMFC cathode. Herein, we reconcile the durability difficulty by demonstrating that the high mass activity of the dealloyed PtNi3/C catalyst with low nanoporosity further increases after 30k voltage cycles in PEMFCs. A novel method has been developed to implement an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of these PEMFC-cycled catalysts under operating conditions to understand the unusual activity trend. We reveal that the ORR activity of PtNi3/C catalysts with varied nanoporosities exhibits a Sabatier volcano curve as a function of the strain governed by Ni content, and the v...
Second-order Waves — Importance in Experiment and Nature

Waves of finite amplitude are known to contain harmonics, in the low and high frequency domains, which propagate bound to the first order waves. However, use of first order wave generation technique in laboratory flumes and basins fails to correctly reproduce these second-order components and therefore leads to incorrect test results. The paper demonstrates successful application of second-order wave generation technique for the correct reproduction of these harmonics under different modes of operation of the wave paddle. Knowledge and application of this technique have been proven to be important in model studies and prototype wave data analysis.
Surgical Repair of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in a Neonate With Mosaic Trisomy 8

Trisomy 8 mosaicism is a relatively rare chromosomal abnormality and has extremely variable phenotype with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Although no well-defined criteria for cardiac surgical indications are available for patients with mosaic trisomy 8, we present a case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in a neonate with mosaic trisomy 8. Although primary sutureless repair of TAPVC with concomitant bilateral pulmonary artery banding was performed successfully in this case, the indications for cardiac surgery in patients with mosaic trisomy 8 should be carefully individualized. The entire dialog with parents and family, including the process of informed consent, is of great importance.
Association between copper transporter receptor 1(CTR1) expression and pathologic outcomes in cisplatin (Pt)-treated bladder cancer (BC) patients.

e15516 Background: Pt- based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for muscle invasive BC. The overall survival benefit with NAC is driven by a subset of patients with pathologic c...
Smectic Nanorod Superlattices Assembled on Liquid Subphases: Structure, Orientation, Defects, and Optical Polarization

Directing the orientation of anisotropic nanocrystal assemblies is important for harnessing the shape-dependent properties of nanocrystal solids in devices. We control the orientation of smectic B superlattices of CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod nanocrystals through assembly on different polar interfaces and quantify the superlattice orientation through correlated small- and wide-angle grazing-incidence diffraction. Small-angle scattering is used to determine the phase of the nanorod superlattices and their preferential growth directions from the subphase. Wide-angle diffraction is used to quantify the orientations of nanorods within the superlattices and with respect to the substrate. Not only are the nanorod long axes aligned within the structures, but truncation of the short axes also coaligns the crystal axes of the nanorods with the zone axes in assembled smectic B crystals. Three dimensional orientational alignment of nanocrystals in superlattices is highly desirable in device applications. Depending on the sub...
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults: A practical guide for internists

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adults has rapidly increased as the technology has evolved, although there is little definitive evidence that it is beneficial in this group. ECMO is now being used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (and was used extensively for this indication during the influenza H1N1 pandemic), as a bridge to lung or heart transplant, and in postcardiac arrest patients. We review the current evidence and indications for ECMO, focusing on its principles and practical aspects in adult patients with respiratory or cardiac failure.
Pelvic Lymph Node Status as Predictor of Extracapsular Tumor Extension in Clinical Stage B Prostatic Cancer

To examine the accuracy of normal pelvic lymph node status in identifying patients with clinical stage B prostatic cancer not having extracapsular tumor extension we reviewed 63 consecutive patients (39 stage B1 and 24 stage B2) treated with radical prostatectomy. Ten per cent of the patients with stage B1 lesions (tumor involving 1 lobe) and 38 per cent with stage B2 lesions (tumor involving both lobes) had extracapsular extension. Extracapsular tumor extension was more common in patients with larger, less differentiated lesions. The results suggest that a negative pelvic lymphadenectomy does not exclude with a high degree of confidence extracapsular tumor extension in patients with clinical stage B2 prostatic cancer.
Office-Based Assessment of At-Risk Driving in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment

Background:A multitest approach is optimal for the identification of at-risk driving among older adults. This study examined the predictive validity of a combination of office-based screening tests for on-road driving performance in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia.Methods:Forty-four normal control, 20 participants with MCI, and 20 participants with dementia completed a battery of office-based assessments. On-road driving evaluation classified participants as not at-risk (n = 65) or at-risk drivers (n = 19).Results:Logistic regression revealed age and 2 tests of visual attention abilities (Useful Field of View [UFOV] Divided Attention and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery [NAB] Driving Scenes) best predicted at-risk drivers (C statistic = 0.90); no cutoff score had both sensitivity and specificity >80%.Conclusions:Future research on larger and more clinically representative neurological samples will improve understanding of the utility of the UFOV Divided Attentio...
Modeling of deep-submicrometer MOSFETs: random impurity effects, threshold voltage shifts and gate capacitance attenuation

The authors present simulation results for the subthreshold characteristics of n-channel MOSFETs with 0.1 /spl mu/m gate-length and 0.05 /spl mu/m gate-width obtained with our 3D-DD simulator. We also presented a new method that one can successfully use in a particle-based simulator to properly account for the short-range portions of the e-e and e-i interactions without double-counting the long-range portions of these two interaction terms.
Thermal performance of heat pipes using nanofluids

Abstract The performance of conventional thermal systems which use heat transfer fluid (HTF) may be improved by adding nanoparticles within the HTF (nanofluid). However, the heat transfer capabilities of a nanofluid-charged heat pipe are relatively unquantified, and have remained somewhat controversial. This work reviews past studies focusing on the application of nanofluids in various types of heat pipes. Furthermore, full numerical simulation is then presented to account for the effect of nanofluids in a conventional heat pipe. Validation of the numerical model is performed through comparison to experimental tests for various nanoparticles. A revised Merit number is introduced for the performance evaluation of nanofluid-charged heat pipes. A parametric study is also included for the addition of Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles, and provides guidance towards better understanding of nanofluids and their effect on the thermal performance of heat pipes. The optimal nanoparticle concentration of Al2O3, TiO2 and CuO corresponding to the capillary limit for a conventional nanofluid-filled heat pipe was determined to be 25% by vol. for both Al2O3 and TiO2, and 35% for CuO. Overall, a maximum decrease in total thermal resistance was observed to be 83%, 79% and 76% for Al2O3, CuO and TiO2, respectively.
Transitivity, self-explanation, and the explanatory circularity argument against Humean accounts of natural law

Humean accounts of natural lawhood (such as Lewis’s) have often been criticized as unable to account for the laws’ characteristic explanatory power in science. Loewer (Philos Stud 160:115–137, 2012) has replied that these criticisms fail to distinguish grounding explanations from scientific explanations. Lange (Philos Stud 164:255–261, 2013) has replied by arguing that grounding explanations and scientific explanations are linked by a transitivity principle, which can be used to argue that Humean accounts of natural law violate the prohibition on self-explanation. Lange’s argument has been sharply criticized by Hicks and van Elswyk (Philos Stud 172:433–443, 2015), Marshall (Philos Stud 172:3145–3165, 2015), and Miller (Philos Stud 172:1311–1332, 2015). This paper shows how Lange’s argument can withstand these criticisms once the transitivity principle and the prohibition on self-explanation are properly refined. The transitivity principle should be refined to accommodate contrasts in the explanans and explanandum. The prohibition on self-explanation should be refined so that it precludes a given fact p from helping to explain why some other fact q helps to explain why p. In this way, the transitivity principle avoids having counterintuitive consequences in cases involving macrostates having multiple possible microrealizations. The transitivity principle is perfectly compatible with the irreducibility of macroexplanations to microexplanations and with the diversity of the relations that can underwrite scientific explanations.