cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building 21st Century Skills and Creating Communities: A Team-based Engagement Framework for Student Employment in Academic Libraries

ABSTRACTAcademic libraries are desirable work locations for undergraduate students and graduate library science interns alike. However, using undergraduate and graduate library science students only to perform task-oriented work within a traditional, hierarchical supervisory structure does not provide the maximum benefit to the student or the library, as it removes opportunities for students learning from each other. Our model proposes to create a team-based framework that engages students around a project and makes uses of myriad centers of expertise in the library. We employed this framework around the Douglass Alumnae Oral History Project, which provided opportunities for students to build their skills in digital projects, communication, teamwork, and community building.
Chemical Releasers of Social Behavior—IV. The Hindgut as the Source of the Odor Trail Pheromone in the Neotropical Army Ant Genus Eciton

Among the legionary or army ants in the Dorylinae, foraging workers lay continuous exploratory trails during emigrations and raids. Especially during emigrations these odor trails become very concentrated since they are being reinforced by the innumerable individuals in the massive columns. The most highly developed of the Neotropical genera, Eciton , lays persistent trails which may be followed even if encountered weeks after the trail was originally generated (Schneirla and Brown 1950). Although rainfall does not rapidly destroy these old trails, they appear to last longer during dry seasons (Schneirla and Brown 1950). These facts indicate that the Eciton odor trail pheromone is a substance which is relatively photostable, thermostable, and water-insoluble, and which possesses a low vapor pressure. With the exception of a recent investigation on the primitive doryline genus, Neivamyrmex, in which artificial trails were successfully prepared from recta and midguts (Watkins 1964), nothing is known about the source of army ant trail pheromones. The present experiments were carried out to establish the glandular origin of the odor-trail pheromone of E. hamatum (F.). The ants were collected along the Ucayali River at Buenos Aires, 25 km south of Pucallpa, Peru.
People Centered Innovation: Enabling Lean Integrated Project Delivery and Disrupting the Construction Industry for a More Sustainable Future

People-centered innovation is a paradigm shift in the construction industry. It is derived from the supposition that people not methods, schedules, or budgets deliver projects. Our data suggest that a multilevel, multidisciplinary project team through shared vision, values, and a common vernacular defines, designs, and delivers more successful projects than traditional methods. These projects meet the needs of shareholders, the community, stakeholders, and the planet. We employ the concepts of emotional intelligence and agency theory to explain an integrated project delivery (IPD) construction project using lean tactics that not only delivered, but also exceeded expectations resulting in a six-month schedule acceleration and $60M savings over the original estimated cost of the project calculated assuming traditional project delivery methods. The safety rating for this project was 50% better than the national average and the expected improvement in operating margin for the new building is 33% greater. This paper introduces the notion of people-centered innovation to an industry that has struggled to adapt and show positive results over recent decades. Our case study describes the significance of people-centered innovation in construction project delivery. We discuss the implications for the construction industry going forward.
The Segre zeta function of an ideal

Abstract We define a power series associated with a homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring, encoding information on the Segre classes defined by extensions of the ideal in projective spaces of arbitrarily high dimension. We prove that this power series is rational, with poles corresponding to generators of the ideal, and with numerator of bounded degree and with nonnegative coefficients. We also prove that this ‘Segre zeta function’ only depends on the integral closure of the ideal. The results follow from good functoriality properties of the ‘shadows’ of rational equivalence classes of projective bundles. More precise results can be given if all homogeneous generators have the same degree, and for monomial ideals. In certain cases, the general description of the Segre zeta function given here leads to substantial improvements in the speed of algorithms for the computation of Segre classes. We also compute the projective ranks of a nonsingular variety in terms of the corresponding zeta function, and we discuss the Segre zeta function of a local complete intersection of low codimension in projective space.
Weak-Scale Matching

In the previous chapter we constructed the effective theory for WIMPs interacting with SM degrees of freedom in the electroweak symmetric phase (cf. Sect. 3.1.3), and for the lightest electrically neutral WIMP interacting with n f = 5 QCD degrees of freedom (cf. Sects. 3.1.4 and 3.4). The few parameters of the high-scale electroweak symmetric theory imply definite predictions for WIMP-nucleon scattering at the low scale, but require matching between these two effective theories. In this chapter, we present formalism necessary to determine weak-scale matching coefficients in the computation of scattering cross sections for putative dark matter candidates interacting with the SM.
Predictors of caregiving burden: impact of subjective health, negative affect, and loneliness of octogenarians and centenarians

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study aimed (1) to determine whether octogenarian and centenarian care recipients’ self-report on physical, social, and emotional status are different from caregivers’ reports, (2) to assess associations between octogenarian and centenarian care recipients’ poor physical, social, and emotional status and caregiver burden, and (3) to determine which report, the care recipients’ self-report or caregivers’ report, about the participants’ physical and emotional status predicted more accurately levels of caregiver burden.Method: Self-ratings and caregiver informant ratings were obtained from 309 participants of the Georgia Centenarian Study. Care recipients’ health, negative affect, and loneliness were reported by both the caregivers and care recipients for the analyses. Differences between care recipients’ and caregivers’ reports were assessed by t-test. Blockwise multiple regression analysis was computed to assess predictors of caregiver burden.Results: Caregivers’ reports on the thr...
Electrochemical and Chemical Properties of Na2NiO2 as a Cathode Additive for a Rechargeable Sodium Battery

Where the anode of an alkali-metal rechargeable battery has the Fermi energy above the LUMO of the electrolyte, an important fraction of the working ions of a cell become irreversibly trapped in a passivating solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer formed at the anode surface on the initial charge, thus reducing the reversible capacity of the cathode. To compensate for this irreversible loss in a rechargeable sodium-ion battery, a cathode additive that can supply extra Na+ ions should be explored. In this work, we have characterized the chemical and electrochemical properties of orthorhombic Na2NiO2 for this purpose. Through a combined electrochemical and structural characterization, Na2NiO2 is found to be transformed irreversibly to NaNiO2, and the crystalline NaNiO2 is operating as a cathode in the following charge and discharge reactions. We have evaluated electrochemical characteristics of Na2NiO2 and confirmed that it is a suitable cathode additive to compensate for the irreversible Na+ loss at the ...
Beauty, Race, and Power

Like race, beauty is a social fact tied to physical perceptions of the body, which can confer or deny power. Perceptions of whiteness, beauty, and social status are linked through historic systems of racial dominance, such as colonialism and scientific racism. While beauty standards are rooted in racial oppressions, beauty practices are also means for individuals to resist racial domination, build communities, and transform the self. Keywords: beauty; body; gender; race; sexuality
Nonlinear planar forward and backward projection

Planar projection methods have been shown to rapidly relate fields between two planes. Such an approach is particularly useful for characterizing transducers, since only a single plane needs to be measured in order to characterize an entire field. The present work considers the same approach for the case of a nonlinear field in the presence of an arbitrary dispersion relation. Unlike traditional methods that use Fourier solutions of the time-domain wave equation, the approach forms a frequency-domain integral equation for waves in a dispersive medium. It is shown that a transfer function similar to that derived from time domain equations can be utilized. Both the forward- and backward-projection behaviors are examined and it is demonstrated that the approach is invariant to propagation direction.
Hybrid Monte Carlo filtering: edge-based people tracking

Statistical inefficiency often limits the effectiveness of particle filters for high-dimensional Bayesian tracking problems. To improve sampling efficiency on continuous domains, we propose the use of a particle filter with hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC), an MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) method that follows posterior gradients toward. high probability states, while ensuring a properly weighted approximation to the posterior. We use HMC filtering to infer the 3D shape and motion of people from natural, monocular image sequences. The approach currently uses an empirical, edge-based likelihood function, and a second-order dynamic model with soft biomechanical joint constraints.
Towards a new fully-flexible control approach for distributed Power Electronics Building Block systems

In this paper, we propose a novel control architecture for a complex power electronic system. A ship power system is studied in particular; however, the control architecture can be generically applied to any industrial power system. The work is founded on the substantial progress made during the 1990s with respect to standardization of power cell structure by use of the Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB) concept. Now, it is time to build new control concepts to fully exploit the standardized power hardware. The nascent IEEE Guidelines on Control Architecture for Power Electronics in Power System serve as a basis for proposing a new approach to the design and implementation of a power control system. The new concepts are described and analyzed in the context of a network-based control architecture that is under development in our laboratory.
Comment on the Age Discrimination Example

Comment on the Federal Judicial Center's Research Division's prototype for computer assisted education of judges with regard to the statistical analysis of evidence.
Influence of Side Effects on ART Adherence Among PLWH in China: The Moderator Role of ART-Related Knowledge

Despite the medical advancements in HIV treatment, realities of side effects are faced by people living with HIV (PLWH) who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Mixed findings have been reported on the association between side effects and ART adherence. However, few studies have explored the combined side effects and behavior-related information on medication adherence. The aim of the current study is to examine moderator role of ART-related knowledge between side effects and ART adherence. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2987 PLWH from October 2012 to August 2013 in China. Of the total sample, 2095 patients had received ART and provided ART adherence. Side effects, ART-related knowledge, and ART adherence, as well as potential covariates were assessed. The results revealed that there was a negative relationship of side effects and ART adherence existed among low and medium levels of ART-related knowledge, but not among high level of knowledge. Future interventions to promote HIV medication adherence should focus on providing behavior-related information education among PLWH.
P2Y2R deletion ameliorates sialadenitis in IL‐14α‐transgenic mice

Objective Interleukin-14α-transgenic (IL-14αTG) mice develop an autoimmune exocrinopathy with characteristics similar to Sjogren's syndrome, including sialadenitis and hyposalivation. The P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2 R) for extracellular ATP and UTP is upregulated during salivary gland inflammation (i.e., sialadenitis) where it regulates numerous inflammatory responses. This study investigated the role of P2Y2 Rs in autoimmune sialadenitis in the IL-14αTG mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Materials and methods IL-14αTG mice were bred with P2Y2 R-/- mice to generate IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- mice. P2Y2 R expression, lymphocytic focus scores, B- and T-cell accumulation, and lymphotoxin-α expression were evaluated in the submandibular glands (SMG) along with carbachol-stimulated saliva secretion in IL-14αTG, IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- , and C57BL/6 control mice at 9 and 12 months of age. Results Genetic ablation of P2Y2 Rs in IL-14αTG mice significantly reduced B and T lymphocyte infiltration of SMGs. However, reduced sialadenitis did not restore saliva secretion in IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- mice. Decreased sialadenitis in IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- mice correlated with decreased lymphotoxin-α levels, a critical proinflammatory cytokine associated with autoimmune pathology in IL-14αTG mice. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that P2Y2 Rs contribute to the development of salivary gland inflammation in IL-14αTG mice and may also contribute to autoimmune sialadenitis in humans.
3D printed PCU/UHMWPE polymeric blend for artificial knee meniscus

Abstract 3D printing was used to fabricate porous polycarbonate-urethane (PCU) and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blend for the artificial meniscus to enable native lubrication mechanisms of the knee. 3D printed PCU and molded PCU and UHMWPE were used for comparison. Cross-sectional images of 3D printed PCU and PCU/UHMWPE blend showed 6.34% and 13.61% porosity, respectively, while no porosity was observed in molded samples. This porosity leads to 46% more fluid absorbed by 3D printed PCU than molded PCU. Rotational oscillating tests under conditions replicating the knee motion show 3D printed PCU has 27% less wear depth than molded PCU due to retained fluid in its porosity. Thus, 3D printing provides a facile approach to fabricate porous, customizable PCU implants that mimic meniscus lubrication.
Assessing effects of behavioral intervention on treatment outcomes among patients initiating HIV care: Rationale and design of iENGAGE intervention trial

Abstract During the initial year of HIV diagnosis, while patients are often overwhelmed adjusting to this life changing diagnosis, they must develop self-care behaviors for attending regular medical care visits and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence to achieve and sustain viral suppression (VS). Maintaining “HIV adherence” and integrating it into one's daily life is required to sustain VS over time. The HIV care continuum or “treatment cascade,” an epidemiological snapshot of the national epidemic in the United States (US), indicates that a minority of persons living with HIV (PLWH) have achieved VS. Little evidence exists regarding the effects of interventions focusing on PLWH newly initiating outpatient HIV care. An intervention that focuses on both retention in care and ART adherence skills delivered during the pivotal first year of HIV care is lacking. To address this, we developed a theory-based intervention evaluated in the Integrating Engagement and Adherence Goals upon Entry (iENGAGE) study, a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) funded randomized behavioral intervention trial. Here we present the study objectives, design and rationale, as well as the intervention components, targeting rapid and sustained VS through retention in HIV care and ART adherence during participants' first year of HIV care. The primary outcome of the study is 48-week VS (
Stress System Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation in Early Abstinence from Substance Use Disorders—Targets for Medications Development

Abstract Stress is a pivotal motivator for drinking, drug use, and relapse. Over the last decade, we have developed a human paradigm that allows us to model stress-induced craving and elucidate some of the biobehavioral adaptations associated with craving inside the laboratory and relapse outside of the laboratory. Findings from this body of research have corroborated clinical and preclinical data in showing that during protracted abstinence, drug wanting may be a dysphoric state marked by tonic stress system sensitivity, phasic stress system dysregulation, and an inability to cognitively and emotionally regulate in the face of challenge. As there is an urgent need for new food and drug administration (FDA) approved medications, we suggest that attenuation of the negative craving f0025state and enhancement of prefrontal executive processes may provide novel targets for medications development. We present data from a series of studies showing that the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, guanfacine, may attenuate drug use via these biobehavioral mechanisms.
The one-way street of integration: fair housing and the pursuit of racial justice in American cities

With high levels of segregation still present in many metropolitan areas across the nation, the question remains what to do about it. Fifty years after the enactment of Title VIII of the 1968 Civil...
Optimization of Economic Renovation

This chapter analyzes optimization problems in the economic models with heterogeneous capital and labor of Chap. 4. Such models are important in explaining economic modernization under improving technology. Section 5.1 provides a qualitative analysis of the continuous-time optimization problem of one-machine replacement from Sect. 4.4 using standard tools of nonlinear optimization. Section 5.2 explores the optimal modernization of vintage capital in a profit-maximizing firm under environmental constraints. Section 5.3 investigates an optimization problem with nonlinear utility in the Ramsey vintage capital model of Sect. 4.2. A balanced growth regime is established and analyzed under exponential technology and labor. It possesses new properties compared to the linear utility case. Section 5.4 contains a mathematical appendix that derives extremum conditions for vintage capital models using variation techniques and Lagrange multipliers.
Cardiovascular and Neurohumoral Effects of Long-Term Oral Clonidine Monotherapy in Essential Hypertensive Patients

The hypothesis of a neurogenic component in essential hypertension has had a long and controversial history; increased sympathetic nervous activity may play a significant role in both the initiation and maintenance of hypertension. However, in human hypertension the investigation of the sympathetic nervous system is complicated by the need to rely on indirect means of investigation. The main lines of evidence have consisted of the haemodynamic pattern in early hypertension, the increased vascular responsiveness to exogenous catecholamines, and the hypotensive effect of sympatholytic drugs. In the present study we sought to obtain more direct evidence by correlating plasma noradrenaline levels with arterial pressure levels before and after interruption of the sympathetic nervous system with clonidine, a centrally-acting sympathetic inhibitor.
Nucleation Processes in Deposition onto Substrates

This paper presents a discussion of the following topics: (1) classical development of the theory of heterogeneous nucleation on substrates [1,2]; (2) modifications of the classical theory at the two extremes of low and high substrate temperatures; (3) the effect of substrate imperfections upon nucleation; and (4) the interrelations between nucleation theory and the phenomenon of epitaxy.
Extended Derivations for Chapter 4

In this chapter, we include the extended derivations for the solutions of the low-rank optimization problems which appeared in Chap. 4
Multiple Moving Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Blob Analysis

Nowadays, traffic problems including vehicles monitoring for their speed is the need of this modern world. The video-based surveillance system is used to monitor and identifying the moving vehicles on road for safety measurement of public. The proposed work is aimed to find out the over-speeding of multiple vehicles through an automatic vehicle video tracking system. The method build for the automatic vehicles tracking systems is based on a couple of steps; initially the frame differencing is applied for the object detection. In the frame differencing, the background model is computed and the current frame is subtract from previous frame which is computed during background modeling for the feature extraction. The blob analysis is then used to track the detected object or the region of interest. Ultimately the speed is estimated to compute and find out the over speeding of vehicles. The Euclidian distance determines the centroid of every region in both horizontal and vertical direction. The overall accuracy achieved by our proposed system is 90% for the detection and measurement of speeds of multiple vehicles.
Dual-slope method for enhanced depth sensitivity in diffuse optical spectroscopy

An apparatus for carrying out near-infrared spectroscopy using intensity-modulated near- infrared radiation or pulsed near-infrared radiation includes sources and detectors. For each source, there exists first and second distances. The first distance is a distance between the source and a first detector. The second distance is a distance between the source and the second detector. For each source, the difference between these two distances is the same. Additionally, wherein, for each source, the detector at a shorter distance is the same detector that is at a longer distance for the other source. A processor derives, from signals received by the detectors, a parameter indicative of two matched slopes. This parameter is either phase of the intensity- modulated near-infrared radiation or mean time-of-flight data for the pulsed near-infrared radiation. The processor then provides output data based on an average of the matched slopes. This promotes reduced sensitivity to superficial layers and enhanced sensitivity to deeper portions of a medium that is under investigation.
Practice What You Preach - Building a Capstone Management System as Undergraduate IT Capstone Projects

While a capstone experience is an important part of the IT curriculum, effectively managing a large number of projects can be a challenging task for a capstone instructor. This paper describes the authors' approach in building a capstone management system as a list of student projects for an undergraduate capstone class. The authors first describe the capstone process and then present the design considerations and each component in detail. Feedback and comments from capstone instructors, industry sponsors, as well as students are also discussed. The lessons learned from this endeavor may inspire other capstone instructors in the IT field or the general computing discipline to build similar systems to manage their capstone projects while avoiding some of the pitfalls that the authors encountered.
Reduced species richness of native bees in field margins associated with neonicotinoid concentrations in non-target soils

Abstract Native bees are in decline as many species are sensitive to habitat loss, climate change, and non-target exposure to synthetic pesticides. Recent laboratory and semi-field assessments of pesticide impacts on bees have focused on neonicotinoid insecticides. However, field studies evaluating influences of neonicotinoid seed treatments on native bee communities of North America are absent from the literature. On four Conservation Areas of Missouri, we sampled row-cropped (treated, n = 15) and reference (untreated, n = 9) agricultural fields, and their surrounding field margins for neonicotinoids in soil and non-target vegetation (i.e., native wildflowers). Wildflowers were further collected and screened for the presence of fungicides. Concurrently, we sampled native bees over three discrete time points throughout the agricultural growing season to assess potential impacts of seed treatment use on local bee populations over time. Neonicotinoids were detected in 87% to 100% of treated field soils and 22% to 56% of reference field soils. In adjacent field margin soils, quantifiable concentrations were measured near treated (53% to 93% detection) and untreated fields (33% to 56% detection). Fungicides were detected in
Assessment of Critical Thinking in a First-Year Dental Curriculum

We studied how students in a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) program perceived the importance of critical thinking and the extent to which critical thinking was perceived to be included in each of 25 courses of the first-year curriculum at The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston (UTSD). Sixty-nine of the 102 second-year students who were invited participated in an online survey. The survey had three parts, with all statements of each part evaluated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The first two parts assessed the importance of critical thinking in dental education and the criteria by which critical thinking in didactic curriculum can be measured. In the third part of the survey, students evaluated how well each course of the first-year curriculum achieved critical thinking. More than 90% of the respondents strongly agreed/agreed that critical thinking is essential to making clinical decisions. Students strongly agreed/agreed that 19 of 25 of the courses incorporated critical thinking. However, when students were asked to rank the top five of the 25 courses, only two courses (Human Biology, Neuroscience) emerged above all others in their weighted ranks, with another seven courses standing out, leaving 16 courses with low weighted rankings for their inclusion of critical thinking. In summary, students agreed on the importance of critical thinking in dental education, and on the criteria by which the incorporation of critical thinking should be measured in didactic and pre-clinical courses.
Efflorescence on the Paintings of Edwin Austin Abbey: Examination, Analysis, and Cleaning of Surface Bloom on The Spirit of Light

The Yale University Art Gallery (YUAG) collection contains more than 600 paintings by the American artist Edwin Austin Abbey (1852–1911). Over half of these works exhibit efflorescence that appears as a white surface haze. An upcoming exhibition focusing on the preparatory paintings of Abbey and his contemporaries during the American Renaissance has provided the opportunity to study these efflorescing paintings to gain insight into Abbey’s painting technique and to inform future conservation treatments. As part of a larger research project, this study aimed to understand how the observed efflorescence relates to the painting materials and techniques used in Abbey’s oil-on-canvas study The Spirit of Light and to explore approaches for reducing this efflorescence during treatment. The structure and surface of the painting were studied with a stereomicroscope, and multilayer samples were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscopy – energy dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). The morphology of the efflorescent material was imaged, and the elemental composition determined, with FE-SEM/EDS. FE-SEM/EDS revealed that the efflorescent material was composed of layers of lifted plates that contain carbon and zinc. The ground layers and efflorescent material were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FE-SEM/EDS, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analysis revealed that the plates were composed of crystalline zinc carboxylates, as opposed to the more frequently encountered free fatty acids. The silicone-based gel Shin-Etsu KSG-350Z was found to be an effective solution for reducing the efflorescence layer from the highly soluble and underbound paint layers.
The Effect of a Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention on the Near-Miss Effect in Problem Gamblers.

In the current study, 3 participants with a history of problem gambling were exposed to computerized slot machine play consisting of outcomes that depicted wins, losses, and near misses (2 out of 3 identical slot machine symbols). Participants were asked to rate each type of outcome in terms of its closeness to a win on a scale of 1 to 10 before and after a brief acceptance and commitment therapy intervention. The intervention, which was specifically designed to address one type of rule following in gamblers called the near-miss effect, was delivered via a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation within a brief experimental session. Results were evaluated within a multiple-baseline-across-participants design and demonstrated a decrease in the near-miss effect after intervention. Implications for treatment of problem gambling are discussed.
Superiorized method for metal artifact reduction

Purpose Metal artifact reduction (MAR) is a challenging problem in computed tomography (CT) imaging. A popular class of MAR methods replace sinogram measurements that are corrupted by metal with artificial data, typically generated from some combination of interpolation along with other heuristics. While these "projection completion" approaches are successful in eliminating severe artifacts, secondary artifacts may be introduced by the artificial data. In this paper, we propose an approach which uses projection completion to generate a prior image, which is then incorporated into an iterative reconstruction algorithm based on the superiorization framework. The rationale is that the image produced by the iterative algorithm can inherit the desirable properties of the prior image, while also reducing secondary artifacts. Methods The prior image is reconstructed using normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR), a popular projection completion approach. The iterative algorithm is a modified version of the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), which reduces artifacts by incorporating a polyenergetic forward model, least-squares weighting, and superiorization. The penalty function used for superiorization is a weighted average between a total variation (TV) term and a term promoting similarity with the prior image, similar to penalty functions used in prior image constrained compressive sensing (PICCS). Because the prior is largely free of severe metal artifacts, these artifacts are discouraged from arising during iterative reconstruction; additionally, because the iterative approach uses the original projection data, it is able to recover information that is lost during the NMAR process. Results We perform numerical experiments modeling a simple geometric object, as well as several more realistic scenarios such as metal pins, bilateral hip implants, and dental fillings placed within an anatomical phantom. The proposed iterative algorithm is largely successful at eliminating severe metal artifacts as well as secondary artifacts introduced by the NMAR process, especially lost edges of bone structures in the neighborhood of the metal regions. In one case modeling severe photon starvation, the NMAR algorithm is found to provide better results. Conclusion The proposed algorithm is effective in applying the superiorization methodology to the problem of MAR, providing better results than both NMAR and a purely total variation-based superiorization approach in nearly all cases.
The Role of Angiogenesis-Inducing microRNAs in Vascular Tissue Engineering

Angiogenesis is an important process in tissue repair and regeneration as blood vessels are integral to supply nutrients to a functioning tissue. In this review, the application of microRNAs (miRNA...
Pedigree selection under field conditions within Acala 1517-08 and its glandless derivatives for development of cotton resistant to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4

The soil- and seed-borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 (FOV4), causes Fusarium wilt in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and represents a significant threat to cotton production in the US. The objectives of this study were to enhance FOV4 resistance in heterogeneous Acala 1517-08 and its derivatives through three cycles of pedigree selection in 2018, 2019 and 2020 under FOV4-infested field conditions. In 2017, in a field not infested with FOV4, 46, 12, and 23 single plants were selected for productivity from a base population of 1100–1400 plants of Acala 1517-08 and its derived glandless lines, Acala 1517-18 GLS and NM 13P1125, respectively. In 2018, the single plant selections, controls and other lines were tested in progeny-rows in an FOV4 infested field for disease responses including mortality rate (MR), root vascular staining (RVS), and disease incidence (DI), resulting in 41, 15, and 26 single plants selected from progenies of the three lines, respectively, based on RVS. These single plant selections were tested in 82 progeny-rows in the same field in 2019, and the second selection cycle based on RVS advanced 40, 16, and 37 plants selected from the progenies of the three lines, respectively, for further evaluation and the third selection cycle in a progeny test in 2020. In 2020, an average of 81–84% plants died in highly susceptible controls, Pima S-7 and Pima DP 744, due to FOV4 infections, while the resistant controls, Pima S-6, Pima PHY 841 RF and NuMex COT 17 GLS, incurred up to 19–24% mortality. As a result of the three cycles of single plant selection, a total of 12 progenies were identified to be as resistant as the resistant controls. On the progeny basis, MR between years was significantly correlated, and MR at different evaluation dates was also significantly correlated with one another and with mean RVS and DI within year. However, due to possible escapes of plants from FOV4 infections, the original RVS scores of individual plant selections were not correlated with their respective progenies; and no significant differences were detected among progeny means grouped based on RVS ratings for single plant selections. The results demonstrate that early plant mortality is a superior means of selecting against FOV4 susceptibility, while using RVS rating late in the season if excluding seedling MR may inflate and distort the resistance level of genotypes, rendering it less reliable in assessing FOV4 resistance in cotton. In addition, many single plants selected for FOV4 resistance with no RVS may be escapes, necessitating repeated progeny tests and selection. The importance of pedigree selection within germplasm, choice of resistant and susceptible checks, FOV4 inoculum density, and the use of RVS, and resistance versus tolerance in response to FOV4 infections under field conditions are discussed in detail.
Sublabial Approach to Tip Rhinoplasty: A Cadaver Model.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the utility of the sublabial approach in gaining proper exposure for tip rhinoplasty maneuvers in a cadaver model. Additional objectives included...
The Galapagos: Island home of giant tortoises

Abstract Galapagos is at once inspiring and disheartening, given its complex history of discovery, exploration, overexploitation, colonization, extinctions, conservation challenges, and successes. Galapagos giant tortoises are central to each of these phases and developments. While suffering overexploitation and species loss, Galapagos tortoises are also the focus of dedicated, innovative efforts to restore these imperiled species and the ecosystems they inhabit. All told, Galapagos, and its tortoises, provide a microcosm of life on Earth, and the roles that humans play.
Flexibility Strategy Under Supply and Demand Risk

Problem Definition: With heightened global uncertainty, supply chain managers are under increasing pressure to craft strategies that accommodate both supply and demand risks. While flexibility is a well-understood strategy to accommodate risk, there is no clear guidance on the optimal flexibility configuration of a supply network that comprises both unreliable primary suppliers and reliable backup suppliers. Academic/Practical Relevance: Existing literature examines the value of flexibility with primary and backup suppliers independently. For a risk-neutral firm, research shows that (a) adding flexibility to an unreliable primary supplier (in absence of backup supply) is always beneficial, and (b) adding flexibility to a reliable backup supplier (in absence of primary supplier flexibility) is always valuable. It is unclear, however, how flexibility should be incorporated into a supply network with both unreliable primary suppliers and reliable backup suppliers. This research studies whether flexibility should be embedded in a primary supplier, a backup supplier, or both. Methodology: We develop a normative model to analyze when flexibility benefits and when it hurts. Results: Compared with a base case of no flexibility, we prove that embedding flexibility in either primary or backup suppliers is always beneficial. However, embedding flexibility in both primary and backup suppliers can be counterproductive because the supply chain performance can decline with saturated flexibility, even if flexibility is costless. A key reason is that the risk-aggregation effect of embedding flexibility in an unreliable supplier becomes more salient when flexibility is already embedded in a backup supplier. Managerial Implications: This research refines the existing understanding of flexibility by illustrating that adding flexibility is not always beneficial. When there is a choice, a firm should prioritize embedding flexibility in a reliable backup supplier.
High-pressure phase diagram of beryllium from ab initio free-energy calculations

We use first-principles molecular dynamics simulations coupled with the thermodynamic integration method to study the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) to body-centered cubic (bcc) transition and melting of beryllium up to a pressure of 1600 GPa. We derive the melting line by equating solid and liquid Gibbs free energies and represent it by a Simon-Glatzel fit ${T}_{m}=1564\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{K}{[1+P/(15.6032\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{GPa})]}^{0.383}$, which is in good agreement with previous two-phase simulations 6000 K. We also derive the hcp-bcc solid-solid phase boundary and show that the quasiharmonic approximation underestimates the stability of the hcp structure, predicting lower transition pressures between hcp and bcc phases. Our results are consistent with the stability regime predicted by the phonon quasiparticle method. We also predict that the hcp-bcc-liquid triple point is located at 164.7 GPa and 4314 K. In addition, we compute the shock Hugoniot curve and show that it is in good agreement with experiments, intersecting our derived melting curve at $\ensuremath{\sim}235$ GPa and 4900 K. Finally, we make predictions for future ramp compression experiments. Starting with an isentropic compression of the liquid, we predict the path to intersect the melting line at low pressure and temperature, then to continue along the melting line over a large temperature interval of 7000 K as the sample remains in the mixed solid-liquid state before it enters the solid phase.
Priced Timed Automata Models for Control of Intelligent Product Agents in Manufacturing Systems

Abstract To enable product customization and incorporate customer requirements during production, there is a need to integrate more flexible control strategies into the shop floor. One type of strategy that has been proposed to address these challenges is multi-agent control. An integral part of this control strategy is the product agent, a controller for an individual part in the manufacturing system. The product agent uses a continuously updated model of the local manufacturing system to make decisions. However, current models used by product agents do not explicitly incorporate the system’s time constraints. This work proposes a priced timed automata modeling framework to represent an environment model for a product agent. The proposed environment model incorporates personalized production requirements and system constraints for the product agent. To make decisions, the product agent solves an optimization problem with the environment model. A semiconductor manufacturing simulation showcases how multiple product agents can use this model to drive the production of customized parts.
What Empowers Teachers to Become Social Justice-Oriented Change Agents? Influential Factors on Teacher Agency toward Culturally Responsive Teaching:

Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) has gained significant attention across diverse school environments in justice by supporting students from culturally underrepresented groups. However, how teac...
Abstract 104: Racial and ethnic differences in genomic profiling of early onset colorectal cancer

Introduction: Incidence and mortality of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as CRC diagnosed prior to 50, are rising, with some studies showing distinct race/ethnic trends. Although reasons are likely multifactorial, genomic differences may play a role. We examined tumor genomic profiles across race/ethnicity in a diverse cohort of EOCRC patients. Procedures: Next generation sequencing data from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK341, MSK410, MSK468) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI1, DFCI2, DFCI3) was pulled from AACR Project GENIE (v8.1). Due to limited racial/ethnic diversity, we added our institutional (UT Southwestern) EOCRC data given enrichment in Hispanic patients. Patients were divided into 4 racial/ethnic groups: White-Hispanic, White Non-Hispanic, Asian, Black. Using the Fisher Exact test (p Citation Format: David M. Hein, Weiye Deng, Syed A. Kazmi, Amy L. Jones, Radhika Kainthla, Brandi Cantarel, Nina N. Sanford. Racial and ethnic differences in genomic profiling of early onset colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 104.
Cerebral hemorrhagic complications of thrombolytic therapy

There is a need to prescribe thrombolytic therapy for atherothrombotic and thromboembolic diseases, according to modern data, this increases the risk of complications in the form of intracranial hemorrhages.
Metacognition: Developing Independence in Learning

atthew seems to be the kind of student every teacher would enjoy having in class. He is polite, pleasant, and very likable. When a reading activity is assigned, he appears to read it. Even his mother corroborates that he usually reads his homework assignments. Yet, he has difficulty with recall when questioned about the content of the reading. This is evident in both class discussions and on tests. This scenario is often seen by teachers. There are students who appear to be performing assigned reading tasks but have difficulty with retention. Such students maintain that they were reading, yet, when asked to describe what was going on in their minds when they were reading, they cannot. Students who are unable to describe these mental processes may be suffering from a metacognitive deficit. Metacognition may be defined as the knowledge and awareness of one's own cognitive processes and the ability to regulate, evaluate, and monitor one's thinking. The monitoring process allows a person to more effectively control his or her cognitive processes, thereby affording more efficient and active learning. Metacognition involves two basic behaviors. First, the learner possesses knowledge pertinent to progressing toward the learning task. This knowledge can be assessed by having the learner talk about his or her mental processes when learning. Second, the learner knows the nature of the learning task and what is required to learn or understand the materials being read or studied. The
The nasoseptal flap for reconstruction of the medial and inferior orbit.

Background Endoscopic endonasal orbital surgery may result in large orbital defects that mandate reconstruction to minimize the risk of diplopia and enophthalmos. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the nasoseptal flap can provide adequate coverage of maximal orbital defects. Methods This was an anatomic cadaveric study. Morphometric measurements were completed in 5 cadaveric orbits to determine the dimensions of an orbital defect comprising the entire lamina papyracea and the orbital floor. The dimensions of a planned nasoseptal flap were then calculated and an appropriately sized flap was harvested to verify complete coverage of the defect. Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) medial orbital defect was a depth of 47.3 mm ± 2.52, height of 13.67 mm ± 2.73, and width of 13.33 mm ± 1.03 for the orbital floor. The mean flap dimensions were a width of 55 ± 6.16 mm, height of 48 ± 4.47 mm, and depth of 70 ± 3.54 mm. In all cases, the harvested flap adequately covered the orbital defect. These dimensions correlated with flap incisions subtending the mucocutaneous junction anteriorly, the inferior meatus laterally, the attachment of the middle turbinate superiorly, and the choanal arch posteriorly. Conclusion Endoscopic orbital approaches may result in large orbital defects with significant orbital fat herniation and extraocular muscle exposure. Immediate vascularized flap reconstruction of the orbit may help to limit the attendant morbidity including diplopia and enophthalmos. This study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of the nasoseptal flap for the reconstruction of maximal orbital defects.
Engineering Challenges of Dredged Material Disposal

In fulfilling its mission, the Corps has been responsible for the annual dredging of approx 380,000,000 cu impacts of the disposal of these materials. The U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station is conducting a nationwide research program to develop environmentally compatible, technically satisfactory, and economically feasible disposal alternatives, including consideration of dredged material as a manageable resource. Problem identification and assessments are summarized, and program progress with emphasis on engineering aspects of the study is examined.
Update on activities of CEOS Disaster Management Support Group

The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Disaster Management Support Group (DMSG) supports natural and technological disaster management on a worldwide basis by fostering improved utilization of existing and planned Earth Observation (EO) satellite data. The DMSG focuses on developing and refining recommendations for the application of satellite data to selected hazard areas-drought, earthquake, fire, flood, ice, landslide, oil spill, and volcanic hazards. Particular emphasis is placed on working closely with space agencies, international and regional organizations, and commercial organizations on the implementation of these recommendations. The DMSG is in its last year with its primary focus on documenting its work and migrating on going activities to other fora.