cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitotic Division in Pancreatic Beta Cells

Successful expansion of the islet cell mass occurs in genetically diabetic mice (C57 Bl/Ks-dbdb) following a period of dietary restriction, in the absence of a population of precursor cells. Differentiated cells that synthesize insulin retain the capability of undergoing mitotic division.
SU-GG-T-75: IMRT for Cancers of Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: A Planning Study

Purpose: to compare intensity‐modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) plans generated by segmental multileaf collimator (SMLC, 1‐cm leaf width) and helical Tomotherapy (HT) techniques for patients with cancers of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.Method and Materials: Five patients with locally advanced cancers of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity previously treated using HT technique were selected for this study. Treatment goals included a prescribed dose of 70 Gy to at least 95% of the PTV over 35 treatments while respecting dose‐volume constraints to OARs. Each patient was planned using Tomotherapy HI‐ART system with 2.5 cm jaw, 0.3 pitch, and 2.5 initial modulation parameters. All five patients were subsequently planned on Pinnacle TPS using the same goals for PTV and OARs for a 9‐field SMLC technique on an Elekta Synergy™ LINAC equipped with 1 cm MLC.Dose volume histograms were generated and compared from both planning systems. Results: HT planning results (average ± one standard deviation (SD)) for PTV70 are: V77 (percentage of PTV70 receiving 77 Gy): 8.0% ± 17.7%; V70: 94.9% ± 0.2%; V65.1: 98.3% ± 1.2%. In comparison, SMLC planning results are: V77: 37.4% ± 43.8%; V70: 95.3% ± 0.7%; V65.1: 98.5% ± 1.3%. Maximum point doses for HT technique are: to optic chiasm (40.0 ± 21.9 Gy), ipsi optic nerve (ON) (39.0 ± 26.7 Gy) and contralateral ON (37.1 ± 22.9 Gy). For SMLC technique: to optic chiasm (41.8 ± 30.4 Gy), ipsi ON (45.2 ± 30.2 Gy) and contralateral ON (39.9 ± 30.1 Gy). Summary: Results are consistent with those of others evaluating HT‐IMRT for cancers of the head and neck, i.e. HT technique achieved a more homogeneous PTV dose coverage while delivering less dose to OARs compared to 9‐field SMLC technique used. Investigations using Synergy‐S™ SMLC, 4‐mm leaf width are underway and will also be presented.
PERFORMANCE RELIABILITY OF DS-CDMA MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Applications of DS-CDMA in mobile communication systems, in forward link and reverse link, imply certain precautions against near–far effect (NFE), multi-access (co-channel) interference (MAI/CCI), and multipath fading. In this paper, two multi-user detection schemes are proposed to enhance the reliability of DS-CDMA system against NFE and MAI for both reverse link and forward link applications. The first scheme, reverse link multistage CCI cancellation (RLCCI) scheme, is derived for a single path channel model and is based on minimization of estimation error between the received signal and its projections on spreading sequences subspace. The second scheme, forward link CCI (FLCCI) cancellation scheme is based on keeping a simple yet robust decoder at the mobile station (MS), reducing the negative impact of CCI, and enhancing CCI positive contributions. FLCCI minimizes the negative impact of CCI by adjusting the magnitudes of vulnerable spreading codes to compensate in advance for CCI losses. Block diagrams, mathematical models, performance analysis and reliability of both cancellation schemes against NFE, MAI, and external noise are discussed in details. The improvements in BER and overall performance are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation for both schemes.
Harmonic elimination switching through modulation

Harmonic elimination methods create discrete-valued switching control waveforms with explicit harmonic content. A major drawback is that these methods do not allow dynamic adjustment as frequencies and amplitudes change continuously. Harmonic elimination is constructed in a general manner here, leading to infinite numbers of solutions. A modified carrier approach that closely approximates the performance of harmonic elimination is introduced. The modified approach can produce even lower weighted total harmonic distortion than conventional harmonic elimination, and supports dynamic PWM with low harmonics.
Functional Hierarchy of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Viral Glycoproteins in Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment and Egress

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) viral glycoproteins gD (carboxyl terminus), gE, gK, and gM, the membrane protein UL20, and membrane-associated protein UL11 play important roles in cytoplasmic virion envelopment and egress from infected cells. We showed previously that a recombinant virus carrying a deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 29 amino acids of gD (gDΔct) and the entire gE gene (ΔgE) did not exhibit substantial defects in cytoplasmic virion envelopment and egress (H. C. Lee et al., J. Virol. 83:6115-6124, 2009). The recombinant virus ΔgM2, engineered not to express gM, produced a 3- to 4-fold decrease in viral titers and a 50% reduction in average plaque sizes in comparison to the HSV-1(F) parental virus. The recombinant virus containing all three mutations, gDΔct-ΔgM2-ΔgE, replicated approximately 1 log unit less efficiently than the HSV-1(F) parental virus and produced viral plaques which were on average one-third the size of those of HSV-1(F). The recombinant virus ΔUL11-ΔgM2, engineered not to express either UL11 or gM, replicated more than 1 log unit less efficiently and produced significantly smaller plaques than UL11-null or gM-null viruses alone, in agreement with the results of Leege et al. (T. Leege et al., J. Virol. 83:896-907, 2009). Analyses of particle-to-PFU ratios, relative plaque size, and kinetics of virus growth and ultrastructural visualization of glycoprotein-deficient mutant and wild-type virions indicate that gDΔct, gE, and gM function in a cooperative but not redundant manner in infectious virion morphogenesis. Overall, comparisons of single, double, and triple mutant viruses generated in the same HSV-1(F) genetic background indicated that lack of either UL20 or gK expression caused the most severe defects in cytoplasmic envelopment, egress, and infectious virus production, followed by the double deletion of UL11 and gM.
Technical note: Recent developments in current-meter design

It is now some 50 to 70 years since the classical works of European and American investigators developed the present techniques of measuring the discharge of rivers. Since then, hydrometric instruments have been improved a great deal, although there have been no essential changes or advance in the basic methods of hydrometry. Modern needs require research in two new directions, as follows: (1) Research into the hydrology of remote, inaccessible and uninhabited regions such as deserts, mountains, tropical forests, and glaciers which will require convenient and portable equipment, universal in application, resistant to cold, ice, heat, and debris. Automatic registration and transmission, simplified methods of measuring, and convenient ways of computing are especially to be desired.
Antimicrobial Activities of Gatifloxacin against Nosocomial Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Measured by MIC and Time-Kill Studies

We determined in vitro activities of gatifloxacin and seven other drugs against 100 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia using the agar gradient diffusion (Etest) method. Percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 90%; gatifloxacin, 71%; levofloxacin, 57%; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, 54%; ceftazidime, 49%; ciprofloxacin, 29%; cefepime, 21%; and piperacillin-tazobactam, 20%. Time-kill studies of three isolates indicated that gatifloxacin was bactericidal at times as early as 3 h of incubation when tested at concentrations equivalent to twice the MIC (two isolates) and 4 times the MIC (one isolate).
Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the SCN5A-Encoded Nav1.5 Cardiac Sodium Channel Resulting in Atrial Standstill and His-Purkinje System Disease

An 11-year-old girl on evaluation for syncope was found to have progressive sinus node dysfunction and His-Purkinje system disease with atrial standstill. Genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of the SCN5A gene in a novel combination.
Radiosurgery for epilepsy.

Summary Radiosurgery is an emerging therapeutic approach for the treatment of medically intractable epileptogenic foci. A favourable seizure outcome was first reported in studies of the effects of radiosurgery in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations and tumours. Radiosurgery has since been applied to the treatment of complex partial seizures with mesial-temporal-lobe onset. Nearly simultaneously, experimental evidence supporting the usefulness of radiosurgery to improve or abolish seizures has confirmed that stereotactic irradiation can preferentially affect epileptogenic versus normal cortex. Further work is clearly needed, but this technique might become an important approach in the management of mesial-temporal and extratemporal epilepsy, especially if refractory seizures arise from eloquent cortex or surgically challenging regions of brain.
Retinal ganglion cells--spatial organization of the receptive field reduces temporal redundancy.

According to the ‘redundancy reduction’ hypothesis, a visual neuron removes correlations from an image to reduce redundancy in the spike train, thus increasing the efficiency of information coding. However, all elaborations of this general hypothesis have treated spatial and temporal correlations separately. To investigate how a retinal ganglion cell responds to combined spatial and temporal correlations, we selected those cells with center–surround receptive field and presented a stimulus with strong spatiotemporal correlations: we presented a random sequence of intensities (of white noise) to the receptive field center and then activated the surround with the same sequence. We found that, for most cells, activating the surround reduced temporal redundancy in the spike train. Although the surround often reduced the information rate of the spike train it always increased the amount of information per spike. However, when the surround was modulated by a different white-noise sequence than the center, eliminating spatial–temporal correlations, the surround no longer reduced redundancy or increased information per spike. The proposed mechanism for redundancy reduction is based on the temporal properties of the center and surround: the surround signal is delayed behind the center signal and subtracted from it; this implements a differentiator which removes low frequencies from the stimulus, thus reducing redundancy in the spike train. These results extend the redundancy reduction hypothesis by indicating that the spatial organization of the receptive field into center and surround can reduce temporal redundancy within the spike train of a ganglion cell.
Mode of Action of Penicillin in the Prevention of Uncomplicated Legume Bloat

Summary The study was conducted to determine whether increased intraruminal stable froth formation is clearly associated with an increased incidence of naturally occurring bloat and how penicillin is effective in preventing bloat and why its preventive effect is short-lived. Fistulated and nonfistulated dairy animals were grazed and stall-fed under carefully controlled conditions on bloat-producing and nonbloat-producing alfalfa during 1960 and 1961. A number of stall-fed animals received penicillin or served as controls. Over an entire bloat season, stable froth formation in the rumen was found to be significantly correlated with the bloat index ( r = 0.42). The coefficient of correlation between bloat incidence and gas production by the rumen microorganisms (as determined by a Warburg apparatus) was highly significant (0.65), showing that an unusually high rate of gas production is involved in the etiology of bloat. The administration of penicillin significantly lowered both stable froth production and gas production. It was concluded that penicillin exerts its shortlived bloat preventive effect by decreasing the rate of stable froth formation in the rumen through a reduction in the rate of fermentation.
A smartphone ecological momentary assessment/intervention "app" for collecting real-time data and promoting self-awareness.

We have designed a flexible ecological momentary assessment/intervention smartphone (EMA/EMI) “app”. We examine the utility of this app for collecting real-time data, and assessing intra-subject variability, by using it to assess how freshman undergraduates spend their time. We also explore whether its use can promote greater self-awareness. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group, who used the app, and a control group, who did not. We used the app to collect both randomized in-the-moment data as well as end-of-day data to assess time use. Using a posttest survey we asked participants questions about how they spent time throughout the school semester. We also asked the experimental group about their experience with the app. Among other findings, 80.49% participants indicated that they became more aware of how they spent their time using the app. Corroborating this report, among the experimental group, end-of-semester self-assessment of time spent wasted, and time spent using electronics recreationally, predicted semester GPA at a strength comparable to high school GPA and ACT score (two of the best single predictors for first semester college GPA), but had no correlation among controls. We discuss the advantages and limitations of using apps, such as ours, for EMA and/or EMI.
Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus A Current Concepts Review and Evidence-Based Treatment Paradigm

Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome are increasingly diagnosed and are a difficult pathology to treat. Conservative treatment yields best results in pediatric patients, often leaving surgical options for adult populations. There is a paucity of long-term data and comparisons of treatment options. Arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation is a common first-line treatment for smaller lesions. Despite promising short to medium term clinical results, bone marrow stimulation results in fibrocartilagenous tissue that incurs differing mechanical and biological properties compared with normal cartilage. Autologous osteochondral transplantation has demonstrated promising clinical results in the short to medium term for larger, cystic lesions and can restore the contact pressure of the joint. However, concerns remain over postoperative cyst formation and donor site morbidity. Recent developments have emphasized the usefulness of biological adjuncts such as platelet-rich plasma and concentrated bone marrow aspirate, ...
What did Gustav Robert Kirchhoff stumble upon 150 years ago

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff is, without a doubt, one of the founding fathers of electrical engineering. The two circuit laws named after him, formulated in 1845 at age 21, constitute the foundation of electric circuit theory. Most electrical engineers assume that Kirchhoff is well known because of these two laws and are unaware of his other important contributions to science. About 150 years ago in 1859, while performing an experiment with a spectroscope, Kirchhoff unexpectedly made a major discovery that brought him and his colleague Robert Wilhelm Bunsen their greatest scientific fame: the spectrum analysis. The purpose of this article is to use this special 150th anniversary of his discovery as an opportunity to commemorate Kirchhoff's life and bring attention to his many accomplishments.
A Best Practices Service Learning Framework for the Public Relations Campaigns Course.

Public relations curriculum often incorporates professional experience for progressive skill development. In the traditional public relations (PR) campaigns course, students typically research, develop, and implement a strategic campaign for a community organization as the client. Service learning is an effective pedagogical approach for the PR campaigns course with value-added learning outcomes, such as critical thinking and civic engagement. Adapting a National Society of Experiential Education (NSEE) best practices approach helps integrate service and reflection components as learning components. The instructional framework presented in this article combines service and reflection principles with course and campaign planning, implementation, and evaluation. Using the best practices framework as foundational scaffolding, instructors can strategically select elements from the framework to build a customized course
Alterations of some membrane transport proteins in Alzheimer's disease: role of amyloid β-peptide

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by progressive memory loss and decline in cognitive abilities and characterized pathologically by the presence of two types of abnormal deposits, i.e., senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and by extensive synapse and neuronal loss. SP are composed of fibrillar amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) surrounded by dystrophic neurites. Recent studies suggest two prospective mechanisms for Abeta-associated membrane dysfunction and subsequent neurotoxicity. One suggests that Abeta oligomers can form heterogeneous ion-channels in the cell membrane leading to cellular degeneration, while the second suggests insertion of Abeta oligomers in membrane lipid bilayers could induce the dysfunction of ion-channels or pumps by binding to or inducing oxidative modification of membrane proteins. In this review, we discuss the effects of Abeta on membrane proteins that are involved in cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways, and some ion-channels.
Molecular‐modulation spectrometry: CH3ONO photolysis and detection of nitroxyl

The method of molecular-modulation spectrometry for studying photochemical reactions has been applied to methyl nitrite photolysis. The infrared absorption of the nitroxyl radical HNO has been observed in the gas phase at 3300 cm−1. Under the present experimental conditions the steady-state concentration of HNO under steady illumination was 1.1 × 1012 particles/cc, and the observed modulation amplitude was 4.5 × 1010 particles/cc. At 25°C and 1 atm of nitrogen, the cross section for infrared absorption by HNO at 3300 cm−1 is 1.7 × 10−19 cm2. The rate constant ratio b/c was found to be 8.0. From the literature value of the rate constant d , the observed rate constant for the reaction is e = (5 ± 1) × 10−11 cc/particle sec.
Modulating signaling pathways in hypertrophy and heart failure by gene transfer

Gene transfer to the heart is a novel concept that holds great promise both as a therapeutic and an experimental tool. With the advent of improved vector technology and new insights into the pathophysiology of heart failure, it is now possible to target specific intracellular signaling pathways by adenoviral gene transfer. By over or under expressing a specific protein, complex pathways can be probed specifically, and the role of various molecular targets within crucial intracellular pathways can be more precisely defined. This review highlights recent advances made in the field of myocardial gene transfer, with an emphasis on how manipulation of signal transduction pathways by adenoviral gene transfer has been used to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying abnormal cardiac phenotypes that lead to cardiac failure, such as hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, and apoptosis.
Cost-Effectiveness of Two Vocational Rehabilitation Programs for Persons With Severe Mental Illness

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine differences in the cost-effectiveness of two vocational programs: individual placement and support (IPS), in which employment specialists within a mental health center help patients obtain competitive jobs and provide them with ongoing support, and enhanced vocational rehabilitation (EVR), in which stepwise services that involve prevocational experiences are delivered by rehabilitation agencies. METHODS: A total of 150 unemployed inner-city patients with severe mental disorders who expressed an interest in competitive employment were randomly assigned to IPS or EVR programs and were followed for 18 months. Wages from all forms of employment and the number of weeks and hours of competitive employment were tracked monthly. Estimates were made of direct mental health costs and vocational costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for competitive employment outcomes and total wages. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found...
Different Effects of Dual Task Demands on the Speech of Young and Older Adults

Young and older adults provided language samples in response to elicitation questions while concurrently performing 3 different tasks. The language samples were scored on three dimensions: fluency, grammatical complexity, and content. Previous research had suggested the hypothesis that the restricted speech register of older adults is buffered from the costs of dual task demands. This hypothesis was tested by comparing language samples collected during a baseline condition with those produced while the participants were performing the concurrent tasks. The results indicate that young and older adults adopt different strategies when confronted with dual task demands. Young adults shift to a restricted speech register when confronted with dual task demands. Older adults, who were already using a restricted speech register, became less fluent although the grammatical complexity and informational content of their speech was preserved. Hence, some but not all aspects of older adults' speech are buffered from dual task demands.
Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents--IV. The photolysis of benoxaprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug with phototoxic properties.

— Benoxaprofen [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-α-methyl-5-benzoxazole acetic acid] is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes acute phototoxicity in many patients. Photolysis studies in organic solvents (ethanol, benzene, dimethylsulfoxide) showed that benoxaprofen underwent both Type I and Type II reactions. Irradiation of an anerobic solution of benoxaprofen in ethanol resulted in hydrogen abstraction from the solvent to yield hydroxyethyl and ethoxyl radicals. In the presence of oxygen, superoxide, singlet oxygen and hydroxyethyl radicals were detected. Photolysis of benoxaprofen in air-saturated benzene or dimethylsulfoxide gave superoxide. However, under anerobic conditions the drug yielded a carbon-centered radical in benzene that could not be identified. These findings suggest that both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent processes may be important in the phototoxic reactions of benoxaprofen.
Recurrent Flares of Pancreatitis Predict Development of Exocrine Insufficiency in Chronic Pancreatitis

Background & Aims: The natural history of specific morphologic stages of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine if worsening morphologic stages of CP are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 159 subjects with CP was performed. The baseline stage of CP was categorized according to the Cambridge classification. Pain was categorized as type A (intermittent acute), B (continuous), or combined. Exocrine failure was defined by steatorrhea; endocrine failure was characterized as diabetes mellitus. Complications were defined clinically. Results: Pancreatic duct (PD) morphology was equivocal in 37.1%, minimal in 12.6%, moderate in 7.5%, and severe in 42.8% of the patients. Over a median follow-up period of 3.7 years, the risk of developing exocrine insufficiency and diabetes was 28% and 19%, respectively. Recurrent acute flares of pancreatitis predicted the development of exocrine insufficiency (P = .004). Severe PD morphology predicted the likelihood of having persistent pain (P = .008). Patients with concurrent type A and B pain and older age at diagnosis had a greater likelihood of having persistent pain (P = .021). The risk of developing bile duct stricture was higher in the advanced morphologic stages of CP (P = .005). Conclusions: Recurrent flares of pancreatitis predispose to the development of exocrine insufficiency in CP. Patients with complex-type pain, older age at diagnosis, and advanced morphologic stage are more likely to have persistent pain. PD morphology does not correlate with the risk of developing exocrine failure and/or diabetes. Pain does not necessarily decrease or disappear with the onset of exocrine insufficiency and diabetes.
Modality-specific processing precedes amodal linguistic processing during L2 sign language acquisition: A longitudinal study.

The present study tracked activation pattern differences in response to sign language processing by late hearing second language learners of American Sign Language. Learners were scanned before the start of their language courses. They were scanned again after their first semester of instruction and their second, for a total of 10 months of instruction. The study aimed to characterize modality-specific to modality-general processing throughout the acquisition of sign language. Results indicated that before the acquisition of sign language, neural substrates related to modality-specific processing were present. After approximately 45 h of instruction, the learners transitioned into processing signs on a phonological basis (e.g., supramarginal gyrus, putamen). After one more semester of input, learners transitioned once more to a lexico-semantic processing stage (e.g., left inferior frontal gyrus) at which language control mechanisms (e.g., left caudate, cingulate gyrus) were activated. During these transitional steps right hemispheric recruitment was observed, with increasing left-lateralization, which is similar to other native signers and L2 learners of spoken language; however, specialization for sign language processing with activation in the inferior parietal lobule (i.e., angular gyrus), even for late learners, was observed. As such, the present study is the first to track L2 acquisition of sign language learners in order to characterize modality-independent and modality-specific mechanisms for bilingual language processing.
The Role of Obesity and Diet in Prostate Cancer

Over the course of the last 20 years, the prevalence of obesity in the United States has doubled. As it stands, well over 1/3 of Americans are classified as obese (Fig. 8.1) (JAMA 303:235–241, 2010). Although the impact of obesity is hardest felt in the United States, international populations (i.e., central and eastern Europe) are currently observing trends for increasing obesity rates as well (BMC Public Health 8:200, 2008). Well known to be linked to comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, obesity has also been related to prostate cancer (N Engl J Med 348:1625–1638, 2003). The relationship between prostate cancer and obesity may be the consequence of both nonbiological and biological reasons. Given obesity is related to dietary intake and nutritional status, it is plausible that these factors may influence prostate cancer risk and biology. In the following chapter, we summarize the data concerning the roles of obesity, diet, and nutrition in prostate cancer.
A Recursive Recurrent Neural Network for Statistical Machine Translation

In this paper, we propose a novel recursive recurrent neural network (R 2 NN) to model the end-to-end decoding process for statistical machine translation. R 2 NN is a combination of recursive neural network and recurrent neural network, and in turn integrates their respective capabilities: (1) new information can be used to generate the next hidden state, like recurrent neural networks, so that language model and translation model can be integrated naturally; (2) a tree structure can be built, as recursive neural networks, so as to generate the translation candidates in a bottom up manner. A semi-supervised training approach is proposed to train the parameters, and the phrase pair embedding is explored to model translation confidence directly. Experiments on a Chinese to English translation task show that our proposed R 2 NN can outperform the stateof-the-art baseline by about 1.5 points in BLEU.
The Experimenting Society

Donald Campbell wrote eloquently about the need to evaluate social reforms and lamented the lack of solid evaluation research to guide these reforms (1973). He suggested that social reforms be thought of as experiments, and society’s focus be on important problems rather than single solutions to these problems. Campbell’s vision of an experimenting society, in which reforms are evaluated and new approaches to social problems are developed based on evaluation outcomes has yet to be realized. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v5i2_davis
Empirics in Family Business Research Progress, Challenges, and the Path Ahead

Competent research methods and data analysis are essential components for the progression of family business research. To identify and evaluate empirical trends, and make suggestions for future res...
Dependence of the hazard of AIDS on markers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dependence of the hazard of symptomatic AIDS on various markers using a non-parametric method. The markers we consider are measures of time (time since infection and calendar date), measures of immune function (numbers and percentage of CD4 T cells) and serological activation markers (neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin). METHODS: We adapted a non-parametric statistical method to estimate the hazard of AIDS. We considered both univariate analyses, in which each marker was considered separately and bivariate analyses of pairs of markers. CONCLUSIONS: Using data from 356 seroconverters from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we found that in the univariate analyses the hazard of AIDS is dependent on all markers, with the strongest dependence for CD4 count and CD4 percentage. In the bivariate analyses we found that the time since infection is of little importance in determining the hazard of AIDS if the CD4 count or percentage are known, and is of minor additional value if one of the serological markers is known. In contrast, we found that both beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin do add some additional information to the hazard of AIDS if CD4 count or CD4 percentage are known.
Temporal Feeding Patterns of Adult Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Pigeonpea Nectar

Diurnal and nocturnal feeding patterns of Heliothis zea (Boddie) on pigeonpea nectar were studied in South Carolina. Feeding rhythms of males and females over time were statistically similar; feeding was most intense before and during sunset. Feeding on pigeonpea nectar was correlated positively with sugar concentration, nectar volume, total sugar, and ambient temperature, and inversely with relative humidity and percentage of flowers without reward. Nearly 17% of sugar feeding in pigeonpeas was on sap flows from buds damaged by larval feeding. Foraging patterns are considered adaptive in relation to reward, time available for mating, and breadth of diet.
Determination of Dynamic Stability Information Through Simulation of a Tumbling Tailless Aircraft

Tailless aircraft configurations such as flying wings are susceptible to tumbling. Tumbling involves an autorotative pitching motion primarily about an axis parallel to the aircraft’s lateral axis combined with planar translation. Tumbling is the suspected cause of a tailless aircraft (Northrop YB-49) crash in the late 1940s and is a potential problem for future flying wing and blended wing body aircraft. It may be difficult if not impossible for a tailless aircraft to escape the tumbling motion once it begins. It is therefore important for aircraft designers to know the causes of tumbling in order to prevent its onset. Tumbling has been demonstrated in qualitative free-flight wind tunnel experiments, but few have attempted to quantify the motion using computational fluid dynamics. The purpose of this research is to use computational fluid dynamics to simulate the tumbling motion of a tailless aircraft and then determine stability information from the simulations.
INVESTIGATION OF DISINFECTION QUALITY OF KINGDERGARTENS OF SOME DISTRICT IN BEIJING

Objective To understand the disinfection quality of kingdergartens in our district in order to find the problem and raise the improvement measures.Methods Random sampling test was used to monitor the disinfection quality of kingdergartens in our district.Results 5 092 portions samples were collected from kingdergartens in our district and the average qualified rate was 90.77%.The qualified rate of indoor air of kingdergartens was 84.92% and that of staff'hands was 91.69%.The qualified rate of radiant intensity of ultraviolet lamp was 92.20%.problems such as incorrect disinfection and improper usage of disinfection existed among the health care personnels of kingdergartens.Conclusion The qualified rate of disinfection quality of kingdergartens was relatively high but disinfection management and techniques should be strengthened.
Numerical analysis on lap structure between skirt and composite SRM case

The FEM structural analysis of the lap structure between skirt and composite case of SRM(LBSCC) when bearing the thrust load was carried out based on the ANSYS FEM software.The simplified 3D analysis model was built referring to the case structure and loading distribution characteristic.The rationalization of the simplified model and validity of the FEM results were confirmed according to the comparing study of simulation results with experiment data of a APMOC fiber wound composite case.Finally,the numerical analysis and structural improvement design of a carbon filament winding cases was implemented.Analysis results show that increasing the thickness or the material stiffness of the reinforced layers can decrease the strain extreme significantly and improve the strains distribution of the case.The load bearing capability of the improved structural design can be increased by about 20%.
A remark on discontinuous games with asymmetric information and ambiguity

We consider discontinuous games with asymmetric information and ambiguity (i.e., players have maximin preferences a la Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989)). It is shown that the existence of equilibria follows directly from the existence of Nash equilibria in every ex post game if all players are endowed with the maximin preferences. This is false for discontinuous games where players have Bayesian preferences as shown in He and Yannelis (2015a).
Dynamics of intrinsic axial flows in unsheared, uniform magnetic fields

A simple model for the generation and amplification of intrinsic axial flow in a linear device, controlled shear decorrelation experiment, is proposed. This model proposes and builds upon a novel dynamical symmetry breaking mechanism, using a simple theory of drift wave turbulence in the presence of axial flow shear. This mechanism does not require complex magnetic field structure, such as shear, and thus is also applicable to intrinsic rotation generation in tokamaks at weak or zero magnetic shear, as well as to linear devices. This mechanism is essentially the self-amplification of the mean axial flow profile, i.e., a modulational instability. Hence, the flow development is a form of negative viscosity phenomenon. Unlike conventional mechanisms where the residual stress produces an intrinsic torque, in this dynamical symmetry breaking scheme, the residual stress induces a negative increment to the ambient turbulent viscosity. The axial flow shear is then amplified by this negative viscosity increment. The resulting mean axial flow profile is calculated and discussed by analogy with the problem of turbulent pipe flow. For tokamaks, the negative viscosity is not needed to generate intrinsic rotation. However, toroidal rotation profile gradient is enhanced by the negative increment in turbulent viscosity.
The Resurrection Project of Mexican Catholic Chicago: Spiritual Activism and Liberating Praxis

Drawing on historical archives, oral history interviews and ethnographic material, this essay explores the history of Chicago’s “The Resurrection Project”/ El Proyecto Resurreccion , a community development organization that builds healthy communities through housing and critical consciousness. The mission of the organization emerges from the lived realities of Mexican Catholic Chicago, formulated in large part by the relationship between the U.S. and Mexico, as well as a history of exclusion, displacement and marginalization in the Windy City. It argues that the spiritual activism and liberating praxis articulated between 1990 and 2005—namely housing and the formation of a critical consciousness—profoundly links experience, culture and faith. This integration of lived realities, culture and faith suggests an expansive view of popular religion.
Software infrastructure and applications for the Monterey Ocean Observing System: design and implementation

MBARI's MOOS moored network is a state-of-the-art ocean observatory for interdisciplinary science, consisting of interconnected "host nodes" on the ocean surface, midwater, and seafloor. Each node can accommodate a wide variety of instruments. We describe some of the challenges posed by the system's functional requirements, and how those challenges are addressed by the design of the system's onboard hardware and software. Integration of diverse instruments and their protocols into the network poses major system integration and maintenance challenges, particularly in the areas of instrument installation and control, data retrieval, and data interpretation. All of these functions must be reliably performed in an often hostile environment on networked at-sea platforms that are generally power limited. We describe a distributed software architecture and implementation that addresses these challenges
Person-level entrepreneurial orientation: clues to the 'entrepreneurial mindset'?

The growing interest in the 'entrepreneurial mindset' has not been matched by efforts to rigorously conceptualise and measure it. One theoretically and empirically promising approach is to look at entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Does there exist an individual-level 'entrepreneurial orientation' analogous to well-validated organisation-level EO? EO presumes that entrepreneurial organisations reflect strong organisational biases toward being innovative, independent/autonomous, proactive, risk-accepting, and aggressively competitive. However, as organisations' behaviours arguably reflect their leadership (e.g., Miller et al., 1982; Hambrick and Mason, 1984; Jelenc and Pisapia, 2015), thus their managers (and perhaps employees) would share these biases. We identify multiple psychometrically-sound, malleable measures for each dimension analogous to EO to produce valid elements of a person-level EO that can be tested against entrepreneurial behaviour and intent. To that end, we offer here that these dimensions should give us a powerful toolkit to assess deep changes in the entrepreneurial mindset reflected in tangible behaviour.
Issues concerning current diagnosis and treatment on extremely low birth weight Infants

The management of extremely low birth weigh infants is challenging,including how to communicate with family members,cooperation between pediatric and obstetrics,overall NICU management level,targeted and personalized management mode,and etc.In this article,clinical management experience for extremely low birth weigh infants was summarized,such as management at birth,stabilization of body temperature after birth,prevention and treatment of intracranial hemorrhage,infection,and blood transfusion management,as well post-discharge management. Key words: Extremely low birth weight infant; Diagnosis; Treatment
Cyclophosphamide/fludarabine-based nonmyeloablative matched related/unrelated allotransplant for myelodysplasia.

7042 Background: Hematopoietic cell allotransplant (HCT) with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) offers curative treatment for myelodysplasia (MDS) in patients that are traditionally excluded fro...
Presentation of the Roebling Medal for 2003 of the Mineralogical Society of America to Charles T. Prewitt

It is an honor and a pleasure to introduce Charles T. Prewitt as recipient of the Mineralogical Society of Americas highest honor, the Roebling Medal. Mineralogist, crystallographer, solid state chemist, organizer, leader, mentor, educator, colleague, friend—he excels in both professional and human attributes. Most of you know Charlie. Those few who do not know him know the Shannon and Prewitt tables of radii. But do you know that those were created not by university professors but by industrial scientists? Charlie Prewitts career has had several stages: Ph.D. at MIT, years in the DuPont Central Research Laboratory in Delaware, followed by roughly a decade at the then new university at Stony Brook, then another decade as Director of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, now private citizen, crystallographer, mineralogist, solid state chemist in Arizona. The hallmarks of his career are science and service. These are inseparable. In the 1970s and early 1980s, Prewitts group made full use of the new automated four-circle single-crystal diffractometer, an instrument that changed crystallography from an esoteric and tedious profession to a versatile tool in the understanding of structure and bonding. Comparative crystal chemistry emerged. Not only …
A knowledge-based approach to conceptual information retrieval from full text

The conventional methods of full text processing, such as pattern matching and keyword indexing, may result in waste of rich information. Recently, the knowledge-based approach has been used in natural language text processing. Unlike past generations of information retrieval systems which dealt exclusively with abstracts, title headings, and keywords, todayâ€™s intelligent information retrieval systems manipulate full texts such as technical manuals, reports, letters, and news articles. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a knowledge-based information retrieval system, concentrating on the issues of knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge base refinement, and the information retrieval mechanism
A Content-Aware Trust Index for Online Review Spam Detection

Online review helps reducing uncertainty in the pre-purchasing decision phase and thus becomes an important information source for consumers. With the increasing popularity of online review systems, a large volume of reviews of varying quality is generated. Meanwhile, individual and professional spamming activities have been observed in almost all online review platforms. Deceptive reviews with fake ratings or fake content are inserted into the system to influence people’s perception from reading these reviews. The deceptive reviews and reviews of poor quality significantly affect the effectiveness of online review systems. In this work, we define novel aspect-specific indicators that measure the deviations of aspect-specific opinions of a review from the aggregated opinions. Then, we propose a three-layer trust framework that relies on aspect-specific indicators to ascertain veracity of reviews and compute trust scores of their reviewers. An iterative algorithm is developed for propagation of trust scores in the three-layer trust framework. The converged trust score of a reviewer is a credibility indicators that reflects the trustworthiness of the reviewer and the quality of his reviews, which becomes an effective trust index for online review spam detection.
A survey of feature selection methods for Gaussian mixture models and hidden Markov models

Feature selection is the process of reducing the number of collected features to a relevant subset of features and is often used to combat the curse of dimensionality. This paper provides a review of the literature on feature selection techniques specifically designed for Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and hidden Markov models (HMMs), two common parametric latent variable models. The primary contribution of this work is the collection and grouping of feature selection methods specifically designed for GMMs and for HMMs. An additional contribution lies in outlining the connections between these two groups of feature selection methods. Often, feature selection methods for GMMs and HMMs are treated as separate topics. In this survey, we propose that methods developed for one model can be adapted to the other model. Further, we find that the number of feature selection methods for GMMs outweighs the number of methods for HMMs and that the proportion of methods for HMMs that require supervised data is larger than the proportion of GMM methods that require supervised data. We conclude that further research into unsupervised feature selection methods for HMMs is required and that established methods for GMMs could be adapted to HMMs. It should be noted that feature selection can also be referred to as dimensionality reduction, variable selection, attribute selection, and variable subset reduction. In this paper, we make a distinction between dimensionality reduction and feature selection. Dimensionality reduction, which we do not consider, is any process that reduces the number of features used in a model and can include methods that transform features in order to reduce the dimensionality. Feature selection, by contrast, is a specific form of dimensionality reduction that eliminates feature as inputs into the model. The primary difference is that dimensionality reduction can still require the collection of all the data sources in order to transform and reduce the feature set, while feature selection eliminates the need to collect the irrelevant data sources.
Exploring booth design as a determinant of trade show success

Purpose: Marketing scholars have joined managers in recognizing the significance of design in many domains. Superior design can enhance products, communications, packaging, and retail settings. How...
JointNull: Combining Partial Analog Cancellation With Transmit Beamforming for Large-Antenna Full-Duplex Wireless Systems

In this paper, we study the performance of a full-duplex architecture for large-antenna systems, where analog cancelers can be fewer in number than receive antennas. We study two methods of partial analog self-interference cancellation: the one, where the analog cancelers are assigned to a fixed set of antennas and the other, where analog cancelers are reconfigurable such that they can be dynamically assigned to any receive antennas based on channel conditions. We propose JointNull that jointly optimizes partial analog cancellation and transmit beamforming. With reconfigurable cancelers, JointNull assigns each antenna one of the three roles—full-duplex, half-duplex receive, and half-duplex transmit antennas—and then designs a transmit precoder to suppress self-interference on receive antennas. As a special case of reconfigurable cancellation, fixed partial cancellation method is also addressed. We evaluate JointNull using channel measurements from a 72-antenna array. JointNull achieves close to ideal full-duplex sum rates using very few analog cancelers. For example, JointNull achieves 90% of ideal sum rate using only eight poor quality analog cancelers, each of which can cancel 20 dB of self-interference. When demand is highly downlink biased, JointNull achieves 90% of ideal sum rate with no analog cancelers. Finally, we find that reconfigurable cancelers provide only a marginal gain over fixed assignment; this points to a simpler system design, which uses fixed assignment for partial analog cancellation.
Opportunities and Challenges in Designing and Conducting a Labor Market Resume Study

In this chapter, we summarize the results of an audit study that we conducted in the city of Chicago. Our study examined how race, high school credentials, and academic grades were related to call backs for jobs. We briefly describe the design and results of our study, and then discuss numerous broader issues about audit studies. Our main goal is to help researchers who plan to conduct similar studies in the future by highlighting and reflecting upon challenges, obstacles, and unexplored opportunities in our work. We conclude with several recommendations for future researchers who plan to use an audit design to study labor market stratification.