cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum as a Micronutrient for Nitrobacter

Finstein, M. S. (University of California, Davis), and C. C. Delwiche. Molybdenum as a micronutrient for Nitrobacter. J. Bacteriol. 89:123-128. 1965.-The requirement of Nitrobacter for molybdenum was investigated by use of a medium purified by chemical means, as well as by depletion by the prior growth of this autotrophic bacterium. During 5 days of growth, added molybdenum induced an approximately 11-fold increase in both nitrite utilization and cell-mass development. In short-term studies, maximal response was obtained with concentrations as low as 10(-9)m. No other metal tested substituted for molybdenum. It is estimated that a minimum of 2,000 atoms of molybdenum is required for the synthesis of one Nitrobacter cell. Molybdenum did not directly influence the thermodynamic efficiency of Nitrobacter. The efficiency of molybdenum-deficient cultures and of cultures supplied with the micronutrient declined equally during the early stage of development, despite large differences in the amount of nitrite consumed. After the utilization of about 100 mumoles of nitrite per ml, cultures supplied with molybdenum became relatively less efficient. A procedure is described whereby large masses of Nitrobacter cells can be obtained with relative ease.
MRI of the petromastoid canal in children.

Purpose To characterize the MRI features of the petromastoid canal in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and in normal infants. Materials and Methods High resolution MRI examinations of 564 children who were evaluated for SNHL and brain MRI examinations of 112 infants who had normal studies were studied independently by two reviewers. Results In SNHL group, visibility of the PMC decreased for right and left PMC (P 0.05). In the normal group, the PMC visibility decreased with increasing age (right P = 0.0001, left P = 0.001). In the normal group also, as age increased, the PMC width decreased for both PMCs (right, P = 0.0006; left, P = 0.03). Conclusion The PMC is more frequently visualized in young children. Its visibility and width are not associated with abnormalities of membranous labyrinth and cochlear nerves. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:966–971. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routing Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

Our contribution in this paper is e3D, a diffusion based routing protocol that prolongs the system lifetime, evenly distributes the power dissipation throughout the network, and incurs minimal overhead for synchronizing communication. We compare e3D with other algorithms in terms of system lifetime, power dissipation distribution, cost of synchronization, and simplicity of the algorithm.
Optimization of a direct-injected 2-stroke cycle Snowmobile

A student design team at Colorado State University (CSU) has developed an innovative snowmobile to compete in the Clean Snowmobile Challenge 2003 competition. This engine concept was originally developed for the CSC 2002 competition and demonstrated the lowest emissions of any engine that competed that year. The team utilized a 3-cylinder, 594cc, loop-scavenged, two-stroke cycle engine (Arctic Cat ZRT600) and then modified the engine to operate with direct in-cylinder fuel injection using the Orbital OCP air-assisted fuel injection system. This conversion required that the team design and cast new heads for the engine. The direct-injection approach reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 70% and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions by 90% from a representative stock snowmobile. An oxidation catalyst was then used to oxidize the remaining CO and THC. This combination of direct fuel injection and oxidation catalysts reduced CO by over 97% and THC by over 99% when compared to the 2002 SAE CSC control sled. The design discussed in this paper builds on the core technology developed in 2002 to improve performance and reduce noise. The direct injected engine and supporting hardware were transferred to a lightweight 2002 Arctic Cat ZL600 chassis. The modern suspension and the reduced weight of the chassis resulted in improved handling, increased acceleration and improved fuel economy. The 2002 entry exceeded the competition noise limit by one dBA. A comprehensive effort was undertaken to redesign the exhaust system to reduce noise, improve power, and to more effectively accommodate the oxidation catalyst. Analytical and experimental techniques were used to redesign the exhaust system which demonstrated a 20% improvement in peak power and mid-range torque over the 2002 entry. Improved materials are utilized to withstand the high temperatures produced by the oxidation catalyst. The new exhaust silencer design combines a diffusive silencer, a side resonator, and an absorptive silencer. Intake noise is attenuated with a combined diffusive silencer and side resonator silencer. The exhaust and intake silencers were effective in reducing the engine's firing frequency and the first four harmonics. A cost analysis has shown that this complete design approach would add $473 to the production cost of manufacturing the snowmobile. The majority of this cost is incurred by the direct fuel injection system and the modifications to the exhaust system.
Country Risk Factors: An Empirical Study of FDI Determinants in SSA

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays an important role in the development of emerging economies and it has recently been considered a force for the integration of countries, particularly developing ones, into the global economy. However FDI flows into Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been dismally low compared to flows into other parts of the world (UNCTAD, 2002). This study examines the effects of country-risk factors – economic, financial and political risks – on FDI flows into SSA countries during 1990-2002. Using rigorous regression analyses, study results indicate low levels of FDI flows into SSA are attributable to a risky business/investment climate. Specifically, the capacity of SSA countries to attract FDI is a function of economic, financial and political risk factors, with political risk exacting the most significant influence in the joint determination of FDI inflows.
Increasing children’s food choices: strategies based upon research and practice

Abstract: Children’s food choices have a variety of implications for their health and well-being. Strategies for modifying food choices have been documented by studies in the basic and clinical research literatures. This chapter discusses several methods of promoting diet changes, including repeated exposure, modifying foods, and reinforcing acceptance of novel foods. In addition to a review of the empirical literature, possible applications of these methods are discussed. The role of family influences on food selection are also reviewed and strategies for moderating or adapting these influences are discussed. In addition, in each of the sections of this chapter, the empirical literature pertaining to these methods is reviewed and possible applications of the various methods for food selection are discussed.
Structure of 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate Aldolase II. CHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR A THREE-SUBUNIT MOLECULE

Abstract A three-subunit model is proposed to describe the subunit structure of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) aldolase of Pseudomonas putida. The following data are consistent with three identical or nearly identical subunits per 72,000. (a) A limiting molecular weight of 24,000 was calculated from the amino acid analysis data based upon the presence of 1 histidine residue. (b) The numbers of peptides detected with specific reagents in peptide-mapping experiments were consistent with three identical subunits. (c) Three moles of carboxy-terminal asparagine were released by digestion of S-carboxymethyl-KDPG aldolase with carboxypeptidase A. (d) Four radioactive peptides were observed after alkylation of the 12 cysteine residues with 14C-iodoacetic acid, tryptic digestion, and column chromatography. (e) Three moles of 14C-pyruvate per mole of enzyme were bound by borohydride reduction. (f) A set of four hybrid species was detected by disc gel electrophoresis after dissociation and reassociation of mixtures of native and chemically modified KDPG aldolase. In addition, the molecular weight of the native aldolase determined by disc gel electrophoresis was in the range of 72,000 to 78,000, and the subunit molecular weight determined by disc gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate was 24,000 ± 500.
Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Transplantation: Economic Issues

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue is an expensive procedure. It is associated with improved long-term survival in many patients with cancer, but concern is growing about its cost and cost-effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy depends largely on the magnitude of the difference in survival between it and standard-dose chemotherapy. Several economic analyses reported that the cost-effectiveness ratio of high-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer is in the range of or slightly higher than that reported for other widely accepted medical interventions. Most centers are evaluating new strategies to reduce the overall cost of this therapy, including using peripheral blood progenitor cells rather than bone marrow-derived stem cells, optimizing the collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells, and shifting care from the inpatient to the outpatient setting.
Auto-Photography as Research Practice: Identity and Self-Esteem Research

This paper explores auto-photography as a form of research practice in the area of identity and self-esteem research. It allows researchers to capture and articulate the ways identity guides human action and thought. It involves the generation and examination of the static images that participants themselves believe best represent them. Auto-photography is an important tool for building bridges with marginalized groups in the research process, since it offers researchers a way to let participants speak for themselves. Furthermore, by using this method researchers can avoid exclusive reliance on survey questionnaires and other such research instruments that may be culturally biased. I present two research projects using auto-photography: one involving adolescent Latina girls and one involving Indian women. Based on the experience of these projects, I discuss auto-photography's importance in identity and self-esteem research. Finally, I discuss some of the benefits and challenges of working with this method.
Researching wikipedia - current approaches and new directions

Researching Wikipedia – Current approaches and new directions Phoebe Ayers University of California, Davis Physical Sciences and Engineering Library One Shields Avenue University of California Davis, California 95616-8676 psayers@ucdavis.edu Abstract Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org), an international, multi-lingual and collaboratively produced free online encyclopedia, has experienced massive growth since its inception in 2001. The site has become the world’s single largest encyclopedia as well as one of the world’s most diverse online communities. Because of these factors, the site provides a unique view into the processes of collaborative work and the factors that go into producing encyclopedic content. To date, there has been no unified review of the current research that is taking place on and about Wikipedia, and indeed there have been few formal studies of the site, despite its growing importance. This project is a review of social science and information science studies of the site, focusing on research methods and categorizing the areas of the site that have been studied so far. Studies of Wikipedia have focused primarily on the social dynamics of contributors (such as how disputes are resolved and why contributors participate), and the content of Wikipedia (such as whether it is an accurate source), but due to the unique collaborative processes on Wikipedia these two areas are deeply intertwined.
Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients receiving calcineurin or mTOR inhibitor drugs.

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM; defined as new insulin use and/or new hyperglycemia) in 528 kidney recipients using different immunosuppressive agents. Methods. Maintenance therapy included mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine plus glucocorticoids in combination with Group I cyclosporine (263); Group II tacrolimus (60); or Group III sirolimus (205). Results. The mean follow-up was 39.2 (range 9.0-103.8) months. Overall, the number of patients needing insulin was 7.4% (39/528). The incidences for Groups I, II, and III of 7.6%, 11.7%, and 5.9%, respectively, were not statistically different. Characteristics of patients with PTDM included older age (P=0.007); greater body weight (kg) at transplant, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively (P<0.001); greater BMI (kg/m 2 ) at transplant, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively (P<0.001); more acute rejection episodes 28.2% vs. 13.5% (P=0.012); and increased incidence in African Americans (P=0.03). Multivariable analysis demonstrated increased risk for PTDM (defined as new insulin use) for tacrolimus, (hazard ratio [HR] 3.794, P=0.007); treated rejections (HR 2.491, P=0.0115); age (HR 1.407, P=0.0116); and BMI (HR 1.153, P<0.0001). New insulin use occurred sooner and with less total glucocorticoid dose for tacrolimus patients. If PTDM is defined as all cases of new hyperglycemia, then no immunosuppressive drug group demonstrated an increased risk. Conclusion. The risk for developing PTDM is greatest among older recipients, and those obese at the time of transplant; those given steroid pulse therapy were at exceptionally high-risk. PTDM risk reduction should focus on weight loss in the obese end-stage renal disease population prior to transplant.
Plasma antireflective coating optimization using enhanced reflectivity modeling

An improved method is presented for the optimization of plasma deposited bottom inorganic anti-reflective coatings (ARCs). These ARCs have shown the capability to improve photolithography profess margins through reduction of substrate reflectivity while meeting integration issues. However, the ability to vary plasma ARC optical properties through deposition conditions has led to increased complexity of film stack optimization. We present simple but effective enhanced modeling methods for reducing the effort required to properly tune plasma ARC optical conditions and optimize complex films tacks incorporating these materials.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD INVESTIGATIONS INSIDE A HOLLOW CYLINDER

The behaviours of the electric and magnetic fields inside a conducting cylinder with a single axial aperture are not as well understood as is commonly believed. The experimental measurements and computer simulations described in this paper comprise a work in progress. The intention of the work is to use the conducting cylinder with a single axial aperture as a standard test object, in order to demonstrate present capabilities in measuring field strengths inside such a test object and to demonstrate the level of agreement attainable with commonly used computer codes. As the following experimental data will show, current free‐field B‐dot sensors cannot be used for measurements inside cavities, as they significantly perturb the fields they are trying to measure. There is indeed a pressing need to develop such nonperturbing sensors for use inside cavities.
Multiquark states and the breaking of exchange degeneracy

Abstract In a dual approach, exotic states emerge on daughter trajectories as a consequence of exchange degeneracy.breaking. Breaking parameters and violation of the FWR rule are simply thereby related. The exotic meson or baryonium spectrum and couplings are determined.
Fifty years of Balkan endemic nephropathy: daunting questions, elusive answers

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) has remained a geographically constant endemic for 50 years. Despite extensive research, its etiology remains unknown. In the current issue, in a study in one of the earliest sites where the endemic was first recognized, Dimitrov et al. confirm the persistance of the endemic into a new generation and also identify a maternal link in the pathogenesis of BEN. This intriguing finding needs to be confirmed in other endemic areas.
Control of Hindlimb Vascular Resistance and Vascular Responsiveness in Doca-Salt Hypertensive Dogs

Administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), 5 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a week for four weeks to unilaterally nephrectomized dogs given drinking fluid containing 1% sodium chloride produced a significant increase in blood pressure within one week. At the end of the 4 week treatment period, the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital (35 mg/kg), and the right hindlimb was perfused with controlled blood flow using a Sigmamotor pump. Pressure flow curves obtained in the perfused hindlimb vasculature were similar before and after sympathetic denervation in both the normotensive and the hypertensive animals suggesting that the overall hindlimb vascular resistance (HVR) as well as the neurogenic contribution to the maintenance of HVR was not altered in the hypertensive animals. Phentolamine produced a significantly larger decrease in the HVR of the hypertensive animals implicating a greater contribution by the circulating catecholamines to the maintenance of HVR in these animals. Administration ...
Single-strand DNA-mediated targeted mutagenesis of genomic DNA in early mouse embryos is stimulated by Rad51/54 and by Ku70/86 inhibition.

Single-strand DNA-mediated targeted mutagenesis of genomic DNA in early mouse embryos is stimulated by Rad51/54 and by Ku70/86 inhibition
Resolving the genetic basis of invasiveness and predicting invasions

Considerable effort has been invested in determining traits underlying invasiveness. Yet, identifying a set of traits that commonly confers invasiveness in a range of species has proven elusive, and almost nothing is known about genetic loci affecting invasive success. Incorporating genetic model organisms into ecologically relevant studies is one promising avenue to begin dissecting the genetic underpinnings of invasiveness. Molecular biologists are rapidly characterizing genes mediating developmental responses to diverse environmental cues, i.e., genes for plasticity, as well as to environmental factors likely to impose strong selection on invading species, e.g., resistance to herbivores and competitors, coordination of life-history events with seasonal changes, and physiological tolerance of heat, drought, or cold. Here, we give an overview of molecular genetic tools increasingly used to characterize the genetic basis of adaptation and that may be used to begin identifying genetic mechanisms of invasiveness. Given the divergent traits that affect invasiveness, “invasiveness genes” common to many clades are unlikely, but the combination of developmental genetic advances with further evolutionary studies and modeling may provide a framework for identifying genes that account for invasiveness in related species.
Grain size dependence of low-temperature remanent magnetization in natural and synthetic magnetite: Experimental study

Magnetic measurements at cryogenic temperatures (<300 K) proved to be useful in paleomagnetic and rock magnetic research, stimulating continuous interest to low-temperature properties of magnetite and other magnetic minerals. Here I report new experimental results on a grain size dependence of the ratio (RLT) between a low-temperature (20 K) saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) imparted in magnetite after cooling in a 2.5 T field (field cooling, FC) and in a zero field environment (zero field cooling, ZFC). Synthetic magnetite samples ranged in mean grain size from 0.15 to 100 μm, representing nearly single-domain (SD), pseudosingle-domain (PSD), and multidomain (MD) magnetic states. The RLT ratio monotonically increases from 0.58 to 1.12 with the decreasing mean grain size, being close to unity for PSD grains (0.15-5 μm) and smaller than unity for MD magnetite (12-100 μm). The RLT ratio of 1.27 is observed for acicular magnetite characterized by nearly SD behavior. These observations indicate that within the range of ~0.15 to ~5 μm, the low-temperature SIRM may be higher than that expected from “normal” magnetic domain wall displacement. Such a behavior can be caused by the presence of a SD-like component in the magnetization of these grains, which origin, however, is uncertain. The natural rocks containing nearly stoichiometric magnetite manifest a dependence of the RLT ratio on magnetic domain state identical to that observed from synthetic magnetites. Therefore, the comparison of FC SIRM and ZFC SIRM at very low temperatures may allow a crude estimate of magnetic domain state in some magnetite-bearing rocks, such as shallow mafic intrusions or some marine sediments.
Gas-Phase Neutral Binary Oxide Clusters: Distribution, Structure, and Reactivity toward CO.

Neutral binary (vanadium–cobalt) oxide clusters are generated and detected in the gas phase for the first time. Their reactivities toward carbon monoxide (CO) are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experimental results suggest that neutral VCoO4 can react with CO to generate VCoO3 and CO2. Density functional theory studies show parallel results as well as provide detailed reaction mechanisms.
Retention of a Linear Task at a Novel Distance after Practice at Varied Distances

The applicability of Schmidt's Schema Theory to a specific sport skill was investigated. 42 subjects in six intact groups practiced golf putting at different distances or combinations of distances. After 12 test putts at a novel distance, an analysis of variance of putts on test Trial 1 and the total of all test trials gave no significant differences among groups. The long-varied distance practice group (25, 30, 40, and 45 ft.) scored significantly better on test Trial 3 than the short- and long-nonvaried group (6 and 45 ft.). Analysis of test putts for varied and constant practice groups indicated a superiority of varied practice subjects in adjusting on a later test trial after initial attempts. The varied-practice groups showed a greater group consistency of score over the 12 test putts. Men performed significantly better than women, but age of subjects was not a significant factor.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of antidepressants in the elderly : therapeutic implications

The prevalence of depression in the elderly suggests that a substantial number of older patients will be treated with an antidepressant medication such as one of the tricyclics, trazodone, fluoxetine or lithium. The physiological changes that accompany aging raise the possibilities of altered pharmacokinetics, patterns of efficacy and adverse effect profiles. The literature addressing the subject of antidepressant use in the elderly has not provided a clear, consistent picture of how these drugs behave in this population in comparison with younger patients. Particularly in the case of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), a large degree of interindividual variation in drug clearance (CL) confounds attempts to find differences attributable to age per se. Study design, however, is also a problem in that very few investigators include a young control group, choosing instead to compare their data with previously reported outcomes. Designations of statistical significance and positive correlation also differ among investigators, and the clinical significance of any finding is not always addressed. The available data suggest that imipramine CL is reduced in the elderly and that amitriptyline CL may be reduced. Desipramine CL does not appear to be affected by age, although decreased renal function in the elderly may lead to accumulation of the hydroxylated metabolite, the clinical importance of which is not known. Nortriptyline is the most thoroughly studied TCA in the elderly. CL seems decisively lower only in elderly patients with concurrent medical illness. The hydroxylated metabolite probably accumulates with diminishing renal function. Not enough data are available on doxepin to make a conclusion. Trazodone CL is diminished somewhat in elderly men. Lithium CL appears to diminish with the declining renal function associated with aging. Fluoxetine data are sparse. Available data do not show any decrease in CL of the parent drug; more information is needed on the metabolite norfluoxetine. Although knowledge of CL changes with aging can help the clinician more accurately achieve the desired steady-state concentration of a drug during long term therapy, much work is still needed to evaluate the relationships among drug concentrations at steady-state, efficacy and adverse effects in the elderly.
Reperfusion arrhythmias: role of early afterdepolarizations studied by monophasic action potential recordings in the intact canine heart during autonomically denervated and stimulated states.

Reperfusion Arrhythmias and Afterdepolarizations. Introduction: The precise mechanism of reperfusion arrhythmias is not established. The role of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and triggered activity in the genesis of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmia was investigated. Methods and Results: Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded in the canine heart using Ag-AgCl contact electrodes from the left and right ventricular endocardium and the left ventricular epicardial border zone during 10 minutes of occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 2 minutes of reperfusion. Ventricular arrhythmias during ischemia and reperfusion were studied in three autonomically varied groups. Group 1 (n = 8) had intact autonomic neural innervation; group 2 (n =8) had bilateral transection of ansae subclavii and vagi; and group 3 (n =8) underwent bilateral transaction of ansae subclavii and vagi with bilateral ansae subclavii stimulation during reperfusion. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) on reperfusion occurred in 2, 3, and 5 animals in the innervated, denervated, and sympathetically stimulated groups, respectively. Rapid ventricular tachycardia during ansae subclavii stimulation, antecedent to VF, occurred in 4 of 5 episodes in the sympathetically stimulated group. The frequency of premature ventricular complexes, couplets, and triplets on reperfusion was not significantly different among the three groups. Phase 2 or phase 3 EADs were noted during the acute ischemic phase in 6 of 8, 7 of 8, and 7 of S animals in the three groups, respectively (and persisted during reperfusion in the majority). Thus, these EADs were not a de novo phenomenon during reperfusion. Of the 72 MAP recording sites, only one demonstrated de novo phase 2 EADs during reperfusion. EADs disappeared during reperfusion in 6 animals (prior to the onset of VF in 4), and 5 dogs developed reperfusion VF without EADs being recorded. There was no direct correlation between tbe presence of EADs during repertusion and the development of VF. The prevalence and onset of reperfusion VT was not significantly different in tbe presence of sympathetic stimulation. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that EADs can be recorded in the majority of dogs during both ischemia and reperfusion and do not appear to be a major mechanism responsible for reperfusion ventricular tachycardia and VF.
Alkyl and acyl substituent effects on nitrenium ion stabilities: Ab initio molecular orbital calculations

Abstract Ab initio MP2/6-31G( d ) calculations predict the formation of the N -acetyl- N -phenylnitrenium ion, C 6 H 5 N + COCH 3 , from acetanilide to be ca 22 kcal mol −1 less favorable than the analogous process leading to C 6 H 5 N + CH 3 . Most of this energy difference is due to loss of resonance in the amide precursor and not to inductive destabilization of the arylnitrenium ion by the N-acetyl group. Mulliken population analyses show these ions to be highly delocalized with the formally electron deficient nitrogen atom actually bearing a significant negative charge. Much of the latter is derived from the electrons of the aromatic ring. Little π-electron transfer is predicted between the divalent nitrogen and either the methyl or acetyl group both of which are predicted to be powerful σ-electron donors of almost identical strength in this environment.
Transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade eases systematic needle biopsy of the prostate.

AbstractPurpose: We assessed the effect of transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic nerve blockade on the discomfort associated with systematic needle biopsy of the prostate.Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized double-blind study was performed of 64 patients requiring systematic biopsy of the prostate. Patients were randomly assigned to receive an injection of 5 ml. 1 percent lidocaine or 5 ml. saline (0.9 percent sodium chloride) at the vascular pedicle on 1 side of the prostate only. They were then asked to score the severity of discomfort of the injection and subsequent biopsies on each side.Results: Mean pain scores were significantly lower on the side with than the side without lidocaine injection (1.6 plus/minus 0.9 versus 2.4 plus/minus 1.2, p less than 0.0001) and not significantly different when saline was injected (2.9 plus/minus 1.2 versus 3.0 plus/minus 1.1, p = 0.52). Pain scores were significantly different when the lidocaine injected side was compared to the saline solution inject...
Psychosis Proneness, Coping, and Perceptions of Social Support

The current study examined coping styles and perceived levels of social support in hypothetically psychosis-prone individuals. Results suggest that psychosis-prone individuals did not differ from a comparison group on levels of adaptive coping or positive social support but that they did endorse higher rates of nonadaptive coping and negative social support compared with the comparison group.
Analysis of calorimetric data for isodesmic self-associating systems

Abstract The enthalpy of association and the association constant for isodesmic (indefinite) self-associating systems can be determined directly from calorimetric dilution data. A two-parameter minimization method is used. For N 6 -dimethyladenosine the enthalpy of association and association constant were determined at 20.0 dg C:Δ H = −6.4 kcal/mol, K = 24 M −1 . Comparisons with other procedures are discussed.
The contours of stratification in service-oriented economies

Abstract Theorists argue that service economies have relatively high inequality because dichotomies have developed between manufacturing and service industries, and between knowledge-intensive and labor-intensive service industries. Researchers, however, have not adequately tested hypotheses arising from this theory. We overcome this weakness by examining, hierarchically, the effects of service industry employment and the size of Finance, Insurance and Real Estate (FIRE) industries on individuals’ income in metropolitan statistical areas. Using the 2002 Current Population Survey, we find that dichotomies exist among industries in the service economy that help generate high incomes among upper-echelon occupations, particularly in the knowledge-intensive services and manufacturing industries. These incomes, however, are not available to laborers and service workers. Furthermore, we find that FIRE industry size impacts the wages of managers and service workers in more complicated ways than previously theorized. These findings help clarify the contours of stratification in the contemporary service-oriented economy.
Plasmodium hermani: Experimental transmission by Culex salinarius and comparison with other susceptible Florida mosquitoes

Abstract Culex salinarius is susceptible to Plasmodium hermani, a malarial parasite of wild turkeys in Florida. The sporogonous cycle was completed and mosquitoes with infected salivary glands transmitted the parasite by bites. Transmission was also achieved by intraperitoneal and intravenous injections of whole body slurry. This is the third species found to be susceptible to turkey malaria in Florida. A comparison of C. salinarius with two other susceptible Florida mosquitoes, Culex nigripalpus and Wyeomyia vanduzeei, revealed that C. salinarius was more susceptible to P. hermani based on oocyst counts. C. nigripalpus has previously been demonstrated as an experimental and a natural vector of P. hermani, whereas W. vanduzeei has been designated as an experimental host only. In W. vanduzeei at least 30% of the oocysts were melanized (“black bodies”) and this mosquito did not transmit the parasite via bites. Additional detailed comparisons of comparative susceptibility and transmission potentials of these three species to turkey malaria, P. hermani, have been made.
Monitoring the combustion process in large engines.

References 1 Valentine, R. S., Dean, L. E., and Pieper, J. L., "An improved method for rocket engine performance prediction," J. Spacecraft Rockets 3, 1409-1414 (1966). 2 Crisman, P. A., Goldwasser, S. R., and Petrozzi, P. J., "A general computer program for calculation of rocket performance parameters of propellants containing the atomic species, C, H, N, F and Cl," Proceedings of the ARS Propellant Thermodynamics and Handling Conference (American Rocket Society, New York, 1960), Special Rept. 12, pp. 293-313. 3 DeLeuze, N. C., Walsh, T. J., and Petrozzi, P. J., "Calculation of chemical kinetic losses in a rocket nozzle," AerojetGeneral Corp., Thrust Chamber Engineering Rept. 9642:0046 (January 6, 1966). 4 Pieper, J. L., Dean, L. E., and Valentine, R. S., "Mixture ratio distribution—its impact on rocket engine performance," Aerojet-General Corp., Thrust Chamber Engineering Rept. 9642: 0062/Revision B (December 21, 1966). 5 Rupe, J. H., "A correlation between the dynamic properties of a pair of impinging streams and the uniformity of mixtureratio distribution in the resulting spray," Jet Propulsion Lab. Progress Rept. 20-209 (March 28, 1956). 6 Beltran, M. R., Breen, B. P., Kosvic, T. C., Sanders, C. F., Hoffman, R. J., and Wright, R. O., "Liquid rocket engine combustion instability studies," Dynamic Science Final Report, Contract AF 04(611)-10542, AFRPL-TR-66-125 (July 1, 1966).
Teaching Students to be Innovators: Examining Competencies and Approaches Across Disciplines

Universities are increasingly promoting programs and courses that focus on innovation to prepare students across disciplines for work in a competitive global economy. Information about program outcomes, target competencies, or best practices is limited given their early stages of development. This exploratory study examined eight academic programs offering an educational credential focused on innovation available to students in a variety of majors. The analyses of program descriptions and curricular requirements provide an understanding of their structure, content, and value they propose to students. This paper explores what teaching innovation means at a program-level and identifies where a curriculum is situated along the spectrum of topics that characterize innovation education. The results can be useful in developing and articulating core competencies related to innovation and understanding approaches to teaching it.
Achieving immune tolerance in hand and face transplantation: a realistic prospect?

Vascularized composite allotransplantation has developed rapidly during the past two decades, and while the main advances seen clinically have been in surgical technique, rehabilitation and patient selection, research leading to increased understanding of the immunobiology of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) and development of novel protocols to control rejection is proceeding apace. The majority of VCA centers utilize conventional immunosuppressive protocols, typically derived from local solid organ transplant protocols that include antibody-mediated induction therapy with antithymocyte globulin followed by maintenance with calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus), an antiproliferative agent (mycofenolate mofetil), and steroids; the latter typically with a rapid wean to either low-dose maintenance or withdrawal [1]. These protocols have achieved a remarkable degree of protection against graft loss to acute rejection, with 1-year survival at 100% [1,2]. This is a feat shared by no other branch of transplantation; however, it is countered by a high incidence of acute rejection episodes, typically targeting skin, which is diagnosed in up to 90% of patients at least once within the first year [1,2]. It has been postulated that this dichotomy is due to the superficial location of VCAs, permitting rapid diagnosis and treatment of rejection episodes, which would present more slowly in solid organ transplantation. However, it may also reflect the intrinsic antigenicity of skin, which has long been recognized to pose a significant barrier to transplantation [3]. Recently, some centers have investigated modified immunosuppressive protocols for VCA with the aim of reducing the overall burden of immunosuppression. The infusion of donor bone marrow to modulate the recipient immune system has been demonstrated by the Pittsburgh/Johns Hopkins group to allow for transition to maintenance immunosuppression using single-agent tracrolimus [4]. While it is important to note that this is not a tolerance protocol, and the mechanisms by which the infusion of donor marrow without conditioning and establishment of detectable chimerism could act to reduce alloreactivity are not fully elucidated, the early results from this trial are encouraging. In contrast to this approach, where maintenance therapy, albeit at a low dose, is required and chronic rejection should be considered a possibility, the establishment of tolerance resulting in specific unresponsiveness to donor antigens, would be expected to fully control both acute and chronic rejection. The induction of tolerance of transplanted organs is considered the Holy Grail of transplant immunology research, the pursuit of which has been supported, prior to the advances in renal transplantation over the past decade, by anecdotal reports of spontaneous tolerance of liver and kidney allografts in patients noncompliant with immuno suppression [5,6]. Unfortunately, there currently does not exist a biomarker that reliably allows for Achieving immune tolerance in hand and face transplantation: a realistic prospect?
Diagnosis of Canine Hypothyroidism

The most common sample received by our endocrine testing laboratory is submitted for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in a dog. The current tests most frequently employed in our laboratory for thyroid evaluation in dogs are total T4, free T4 by dialysis, and canine TSH measurement. Each test has strengths and weaknesses and suffers from the possibility of both false positive and false negative results. This article provides a working description of each test and an approach to interpretation of results. Other tests that are less commonly used are also discussed. Examples of interpretation of test results in individual hypothyroidsuspect dogs are presented for illustration.
Phytyl esters in a marine dinoflagellate

The first naturally occurring phytyl esters from a marine alga were isolated from a dinoflagellate,Peridinium foliaceum (Stein) Biecheler, cultured photosynthetically and harvested at stationary phase of growth. At this stage, phytyl esters were the major wax esters present, constituting 5% of the total lipid, and may be present largely in the “eyespot” structure. The fatty acids esterified to the phytol were predominantly polyunsaturated: 16∶3 n−3 (15%), 18∶5 n−3 (6%), 20∶5 n−3 (36%), and 22∶6 n−3 (17%).
A momentum distribution of high energy particles around Crab pulsar

We determine the momentum distribution of the relativistic particles near the Crab pulsar from the observed X- and γ-ray spectra (103∼109 eV), provided that the curvature radiation is responsible for it. The power law spectrum for the relativistic electrons,f(γ)∝γ−5, reproduces a close fit to the observed high-energy photon spectrum. The theoretically determined upper limit to the momentum (due to radiation damping),γM≈8×106, corresponds to the upper cut-off energy of the γ-ray spectrum, ɛγ≈109 eV. The lower limit to the momentum, γm≈1.8×105, is chosen such that flattening of the X-ray spectrum below 10 keV is simulated. The number density of these electrons is found to be much higher than the Goldreich-Julian density. We also discuss pulse shape and polarization of high-energy photons. The extremely high density of particles and the steep momentum spectrum are difficult to understand. This may imply that another, more efficient, mechanism is in operation.
Dysregulation of D2-Mediated Dopamine Transmission in Monkeys after Chronic Escalating Methamphetamine Exposure

Compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking are important substance-abuse behaviors that have been linked to alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission and to impaired inhibitory control. Evidence supports the notions that abnormal D₂ receptor-mediated dopamine transmission and inhibitory control may be heritable risk factors for addictions, and that they also reflect drug-induced neuroadaptations. To provide a mechanistic explanation for the drug-induced emergence of inhibitory-control deficits, this study examined how a chronic, escalating-dose regimen of methamphetamine administration affected dopaminergic neurochemistry and cognition in monkeys. Dopamine D₂-like receptor and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability and reversal-learning performance were measured before and after exposure to methamphetamine (or saline), and brain dopamine levels were assayed at the conclusion of the study. Exposure to methamphetamine reduced dopamine D₂-like receptor and DAT availability and produced transient, selective impairments in the reversal of a stimulus-outcome association. Furthermore, individual differences in the change in D₂-like receptor availability in the striatum were related to the change in response to positive feedback. These data provide evidence that chronic, escalating-dose methamphetamine administration alters the dopamine system in a manner similar to that observed in methamphetamine-dependent humans. They also implicate alterations in positive-feedback sensitivity associated with D₂-like receptor dysfunction as the mechanism by which inhibitory control deficits emerge in stimulant-dependent individuals. Finally, a significant degree of neurochemical and behavioral variation in response to methamphetamine was detected, indicating that individual differences affect the degree to which drugs of abuse alter these processes. Identification of these factors ultimately may assist in the development of individualized treatments for substance dependence.
Copepod foraging in thin layers using SEARCH (imulator for xploring rea-estricted search in omplex abitats)

Abstract A 2D Individual-Based Model (IBM) was developed to compare the foraging success of small marine crustaceans (copepods) when foraging within horizontally extending layers of food comprised of small patches versus homogeneous horizontal layers. The foraging rules for the simulated animals were similar to a correlated random walk, i.e., step length decreased and turning angles increased when high food concentrations were encountered. Step length, turn angle, and ingestion functional responses were all modeled as Type-II (curvilinear; Michaelis–Menton relationship). The model keeps track of how much food is eaten versus how far each organism has to travel. The patchy layer cases showed a significant increase in foraging efficiency (as high as 24%) over the homogeneous layer and control cases where organisms had no step-length response to the underlying concentration of food. This suggests that microscale patchiness is important to the growth of small marine zooplankton, and may even be critical for survival if daily intake requirements cannot be met when food is not concentrated within small patches. This work also suggests that it is critical to sample the environment at small scales in multiple dimensions if patchiness exists in those dimensions, or we may underestimate the success of foraging organisms. Foraging efficiency was much more sensitive to changing the step-length function than changing the turn angle function. The model presented is general enough to be used in addressing foraging and patch utilization questions concerning other species.
Coronary artery perforation by cutting balloon resulting in dissecting subepicardial hematoma and avulsion of the vasculature

We report a case of perforation caused by cutting balloon angioplasty of in-stent restenosis in a saphenous vein coronary bypass graft. This was complicated by a subepicardial hematoma leading to avulsion of the penetrating arteries and cardiogenic shock. Despite surgical evacuation and percutaneous left ventricular assist-device support, death ensued.
Inhibition of epoxidation of methyl farnesoate to juvenile hormone III by cockroach corpus allatum homogenates

Radiolabeled methyl farnesoate is epoxidized to juvenile hormone III by an NADPH-dependent reaction occurring in corpus allatum homogenates from the cockroach Blaberus giganteus L. Most of the enzymatically produced juvenile hormone has the 10R configuration described for previously isolated natural juvenile hormones. The unnatural 2Z geometrical isomer of methyl farnesoate is epoxidized by the above system faster than the natural 2E isomer. Several series of chemicals known to be inhibitors of mixed-function oxidases were surveyed as inhibitors of methyl farnesoate epoxidation. The anti-juvenile hormone precocene II caused negligible inhibition at 1 · 10−4 M, whereas the best inhibitor was o-bromophenoxymethyl-imidazole with an apparent I50 of 4 · 10−7 M. None of the inhibitors tested were potent morphogenetic agents on Tenebrio molitor pupae, and they failed to cause precocious development of Oncopeltus fasciatus nymphs. The inhibition of in vitro juvenile hormone biosynthesis suggests the possibility of finding an anti-hormone which acts by blocking juvenile hormone biosynthesis.
Über die thermo-mechanische Dissoziation von 6-Polyamid

Die Struktur und das mechanische Verhalten von hochorientierten synthetischen Fasern werden nicht zuletzt wegen ihrer grosen wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung schon seit langem sehr eingehend studiert. Als gesichertes Ergebnis einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Experimente kann wohl die Tatsache angesehen werden, das hochverstreckte teilkristalline Fasern in Richtung der Faserachse eine Schichtstruktur aufweisen (1–4). Kristalline und nichtkristalline Schichten folgen einander in regelmasigen Abstanden (Abb. 1). Die in Abb. 1 fur Nylon 6 skizzierte Struktur wird mit Abweichungen in Kristalltyp und -orientierung, Kristallinitatsgrad und Langperiode auch bei den meisten anderen synthetischen Fasern angetroffen. Aus dieser Struktur ergibt sich unmittelbar, das die „Festigkeit“ einer solchen Faser von der „Festigkeit“ ihrer Schichten abhangt. Die Festigkeit einer uniaxial beanspruchten amorphen Schicht last sich direkt auf die „Festigkeit“ eines Kettensegments und auf die Gleichmasigkeit der Belastung einzelner Segmente, die der kristallinen Bereiche auf den Widerstand gegen plastische Verformung und gegen das Herauslosen einzelner Kettenabschnitte oder Falten aus dem Kristallit zuruckfuhren.
The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence to Social Skills and Stress Management Skills Among Automated Foodservice Industry Executives

This study revalidated three dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI) and examined EI's contribution to social skills and stress management skills among members of the National Automatic Merchandising (NAMA), representing executives of the vending, coffee services, and foodservice management industries. After performing Confirmatory Factor Analysis, a sample of 191 was spilt into high EI and low EI groups, based on respondents' overall EI and each dimension of EI median scores. Differences between high and low EI groups for both overall and each dimension of EI scores in social skills and stress management skills were statistically significant, implying that the EI contributes to NAMA members' social skills and stress management skills.