cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absence of Cavum Septum Pellucidum Related With Optic Nerve Hypoplasia

Absence of the cavum septum pellucidum is an unusual abnormality found in newborns that is associated with malformations of the brain. It is estimated that 2 to 3 individuals per 100,000 people in the general population have an absence of the cavum septum pellucidum. This anomaly can be associated with neurological anomalies such as optic nerve hypoplasia, holoprosencephaly, septo-optic dysplasia, abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and Chiari II malformation. It is rare to have an absent cavum septum pellucidum without any other brain anomalies.
Prospects for phosphorus recovery from poultry litter

Land disposal of poultry litter is an environmental concern often associated to excess phosphorus (P) in soils and potential water pollution in regions with intense poultry production. Although poultry litter can be moved off the farm and traded as fertilizer, its transportation becomes less economical with increasing distances from the farm. Thus, new litter management alternatives are needed to reduce the environmental impact of P litter application to land. This paper summarizes established and emerging alternative technologies in the U.S. that facilitate handling, concentration, and transporting of litter P. Furthermore, it examines the potential integration of technologies into poultry litter management systems that could reduce poultry litter volume and increase P content in litter byproducts. The adoption of alternative technologies may encourage new opportunities to produce bio-energy, fertilizer, and other valuable P byproducts from poultry litter while reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable poultry production.
General Practices in the Creative Process

In the studies, biographies, and memoirs of, by, and about real creators that form the research base of this book, several other aspects of the creative process seem apparent: (1) the need for solitude; (2) creativity rituals; (3) meditation; (4) exercise, especially walking; (5) the quest for silence; (6) divergent production practice; and (7) creativity as the process of a life.
Modeling of Runoff and Streamflow at Regional to Global Scales

Global change problems place a new set of demands on hydrologic models. The primary purpose for representation of land surface hydrology in the context of coupled land-atmosphere models is to partition downward solar and longwave radiation into latent, sensible, and ground heat fluxes, and upward longwave radiation, rather than to predict streamflow. Nonetheless, past work in the development and application of conceptual streamflow simulation models for operational applications, such as forecasting, can provide valuable lessons, especially with respect to model parameter parsimony, for the development and application of land surface parameterizations for coupled land-atmosphere models. Some important issues in model development and application are illustrated in the context of the Variable Infiltration Capacity two-layer (VIC-2L) model. Application of the VIC-2L model to FIFE (central Kansas Grassland) and ABRACOS (cleared Amazonia tropical forest) field data are described. A version of VIC-2L that incorporates streamflow routing is described, along with some results of its application off-line (climatalogical forcing) to the Columbia River basin. Finally, an approach for regional estimation of the parameters of VIC-2L is described, along with preliminary results for an application to the Columbia River basin (drainage area approximately 615,000 km2) at a one degree by one degree spatial resolution.
Balancing the Scales of Justice: Expanding Access to Mitigation Specialists in Military Death Penalty Cases

Using United States v. Kreutzer as a springboard to identify concerns and frame the issues, this article seeks to address the need for increased access to mitigation specialists in military death penalty cases. The article concludes that evolving legal standards and an increasing awareness of the importance of mitigation specialists demand that the military justice system take affirmative steps toward making experts and investigators more readily available to defense counsel in capital cases. The article recommends a three-pronged approach to improving requests for funding and defense counsel access to mitigation specialists. The first prong involves a recommended change to Rule for Courts-Martial (RCM) 703. The change proposes granting capital defendants the right to ex parte hearings to demonstrate the need for expert assistance at government expense. The second prong suggests that the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces overturn United States v. Garries and United States v. Kaspers by finding that all capital cases involve "unusual circumstances." By doing so, the military court could judicially create an absolute right to ex parte hearings regarding expert assistance following capital referrals. The third prong stresses the need for educating convening authorities, staff judge advocates, and military justice managers on the benefits of granting mitigation specialists to defense counsel early in the process of potential capital cases.
CASSCF Computational Study of Pseudopericyclic Character in Electrocyclic Rearrangements Involving Heteroatoms.

The Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) computational method, with the 6-31G* basis set, was used to examine six electrocyclic rearrangements, each involving a 1,2,4,6-heptatetraene skeleton with two variously located oxygen and/or nitrogen heteroatoms, as a way to determine which, if any, are pseudopericyclic as opposed to pericyclic. Primarily through the close examination of the active space orbitals, but also considering transition structure geometries and activation energies, it was concluded that rearrangements 3 → 4, 5 → 6, 7 → 8, and 9 → 10 are pseudopericyclic with two orbital disconnections each, whereas the 13 → 14 and 15 → 16 rearrangements are pericyclic. Our conclusions agreed with those of others in two of the four cases that had been studied previously by density functional theory (3 → 4 and 7 → 8) but ran contrary to the previous conclusions that the 5 → 6 rearrangement is pericyclic and that the 15 → 16 rearrangement is pseudopericyclic. Our results are also compared and...
Talking objects of Denys Arcand

Apresentacao de uma taxonomia para analise de objetos em filmes e aplicacao ao trabalho do cineasta canadense Denys Arcand com o objetivo de identificar e analisar como objetos mais representativos da vida cotidiana sao utilizados nos filmes. Os seguintes filmes sao analisados conforme os propositos deste artigo: Le declin de l’empire americain (O declinio do imperio americano, 1986), Les invasions barbares (Invasoes barbaras, 2003) e L’âge des tenebres (A era da inocencia, 2007).
Some Abiotic Factors Affecting the Survival of the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

Some abiotic environmental factors influencing the survival of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), in semi-arid and temperature climates were studied. Pupae survived outdoors throughout most of the year except July and August, when temperatures often exceeded 35°C. As temperatures increased, the time required to kill larvae exposed to 12 and 33% relative humidity (RH) decreased. At 27°C, 16-h exposures to 12% RH and 24-h exposures to 33% RH provided 100 and 97% mortality, respectively. Larvae survived only when the RH was >50% for several consecutive days or the microhabitats provided substantially higher than ambient humidity. Soil moistures of 1 to 10% permitted larval development even when larvae were held at 12 ± 2% RH. Soil moistures from 20 to 50% were deleterious. Emerged and preemerged adults survived short exposures to low temperatures but were killed by 10-day or 5-day exposures at 3 and −1°C, respectively. Exposures to 3°C for 5 days killed all immature stages.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MATERNAL-AGE EFFECTS ON DIAPAUSE IN A CRICKET.

Maternal effects are developmental influences extended across life cycle stages, whereby genetic or environmental differences in the maternal generation are expressed as phenotypic differences in the offspring. Thus natural selection acts upon phenotypic variation that results in part from events in the previous generation. The evolutionary consequences of such transgenerational interactions can be numerous and complex. For example, Kirkpatrick and Lande (1989) found that because of lags in evolutionary response to selection on maternal traits, and the fact that the rate and direction of evolution depend upon the inheritance of traits not directly under selection, populations could evolve for an indefinite number of generations after selection has ceased; more importantly, the response can be larger or smaller than expected for direct genetic effects, and even in the opposite direction, thus allowing maternal selection to result in maladaptive evolution. Many maternal effects in insects may have evolved as a mechanism for adaptive phenotypic plasticity (Mousseau and Dingle, 199 1 a, 1 991 b; Janssen et al., 1988). These effects often involve developmental switches associated with predictable changes in the environment. Environmental cues associated with maternal effects include photoperiod, temperature, crowding, quality of diet, and host deprivation. Affected characters in offspring include diapause, sex ratio, body size, development time, coloration, dispersal behavior, and fecundity (Mousseau and Dingle, 199 la, 199 lb). Maternal effects on diapause have been particularly well studied (for reviews see Danks, 1987; Mousseau and Dingle, 1991a, 1991b; Saunders, 1982). In most cases, exposure of the maternal generation to short photoperiods and/or cool temperatures, cues related to approaching inclement winter weather, result in an increased incidence of diapause in offspring, whereas long photoperiods and/or hot temperatures can inhibit diapause. Support for the adaptive significance of such environmentally mediated maternal effects comes from comparative studies of intraspecific variation. Mousseau and Dingle (199 1 a) found that in 17 insect species, the strength of the maternal effect, or maternal sensitivity to environmental cues, varied among popula-
Is There Compassion in Principled Moral Judgment

Summary.-Principled moral judgment, as measured by Rest's (1974) P-score, was not significantly associated with Purpose-in-Life Test scores but was significantly associated with placement at higher priority of the Rokeach Survey values of Mature Love and being Capable, Imaginative, and Logical and with placement at lower priority of a World at Peace and being Clean, Obedient, and Polite. The P-score was not significantly related to being Broadminded, Courageous, Forgiving, Helpful, Loving, or Responsible, suggesting that compassion is not a necessary consequence of principled moral reasoning. Subjects were 51 college men and 48 women. Three primary facets of personal valuing are the content of value systems, the fulfillment of the valuer, and competence to make value judgments. Maslow's (1968) suggestions that a self-actualized person is a competent valuer, i.e., is fulfilled because correct choices were made, and that "Good Values" can be identified by observing the choices of the self-actualized person, stimulate the hypothesis that valuing competence leads to fulfillment of the valuer and to the choice of priorities in certain values. Kohlberg (1971) has attempted to define the nature of the competency to make good choices through the concept of principled moral judgment. Moral value reasoning is posited to be an emergent psychological capacity which develops through six stages, such reasoning being guided initially by hedonic consequences, next by normative considerations, and finally by the principles of justice (equity and reciprocity). Frankl ( 1973) has proposed chat fulfillment of the valuer occurs when the individual finds meaning in life through personal actions, appreciation of experience, or the attitude raken toward circumstances over which the individual has no control. Rokeach (1973) has proposed that the value systems of persons consist of variations in rank-ordering of a limited number of Terminal ("ends") and Instrumental ("means") values. The following study examined whether valuing competence leads to fulfillment of the valuer and to the establishment of specific priorities of values, using instruments designed to assess the constructs proposed by Maslow, Frankl, and Rokeach. Ninety-nine students in general psychology (51 men, 48 women) received course credit for completing three inventories. Four subtests (Heinz, Webster, Doctors' Dilemma, Escaped Prisoner) of Rest's (1974) Defining Issues Test were used to calculate the P-score proposed by Rest to be a single index of principled moral judgment, the 10-item Form S.E. of Crumbaugh and Maholik's (1969) Purpose-in-Life Test was used as an index of fulfillment of the valuer as proposed by Frankl, and Form E of Rokeach's Value Survey (1973) was administered to measure priorities in the Terminal and Instrumental value systems. t tests were used to determine whether subjects with P-scores of 17 or above (7t = 36) differed in their responses to the Purposes-in-Life Test and to each of the values on the Rokeach Survey, from subjects with P-scores of 12 or below
An Aero-Propulsion Integrated Elastic Model of a Generic Airbreathing Hypersonic Vehicle

A combined analytic and CFD-based two-dimensional airbreathing generic hypersonic flight vehicle model has been developed for control design and flight simulation environment. The vehicle, CSULA-GHV, is inspired by a set of mission requirements broadly accepted for a hypersonic cruise vehicle intended as a reusable launch vehicle (RLV) for access to space or for military application. The GHV has a simple configuration consisting of a fore-body diffuser, a scramjet engine, and an aft-body expansion nozzle. Longitudinal control is affected by the thrust setting (hydrogen fuel rate) elevon deflection. Complete aerodynamic, coupled aero-propulsion and aeroelastic data for the vehicle are presented in graphic format, and polynomial form using FLUENT CFD simulations at various Mach numbers, angles of attack, fuel rate and elevon settings. The interaction between aerodynamics, propulsion system, and vehicle elasticity are calculated and quantified. For control design, a set of nonlinear longitudinal equations of motion for the vehicle are presented which include both an inverse square law, gravitational model and the centripetal acceleration. The combined analytic-CFD approach is used to generate the static aerodynamic and propulsion data in the form of polynomial expressions. The vehicle's structural dynamics are accounted for by assuming that elastic deformations in the first few modes amount to an effective change in angle of attack and elevon effectiveness. These changes in turn affect engine performance and control surface effectiveness. Structural modes are obtained from a finite element model using NASTRAN.
Development Strategies and Violence

Can economic development initiatives promote and preserve peace within nations? The pessimists say no—development inevitably benefits some more than others, leading to resentment and perceptions of exploitation. Historically, development has been accompanied by violence among various groups with different collective identities (class, ethnicity, religion, or territorial origin). Property rights come to be contested. The subordinate groups try to wrest land and wealth away from the privileged groups, who often retaliate. The privileged struggle for more, and may collaborate in repression in order to protect their assets. The optimists say yes, of course—the economically developed countries, with few exceptions, clearly face less violence than the “bottom billion.” The pessimists respond that developed countries prospered over the bodies and fortunes of the losers and that they are still involved in conflicts all over the world. They also argue that some nations fail to develop, in part because of the violence triggered by development. Pro-growth advocates counter that economic stagnation triggers turmoil as well.
Future water institutions in Palestine

The Palestinian water sector organizations operate under severe constraints: poor capacities, high political instability and uncertainty, and inadequate funds and sources of funding. A new centralized water systems management option is proposed, which can lead to optimized water resource development and a more reliable, safer and cost effective water supply and sanitation services and systems within a clear legal framework. The proposed approach provides four units of management, resources, administration and water supply and sanitation, which would be in charge of strategic and everyday decision making and integration of water sector management in Palestine. The proposed future institutional reforms are conditional on several legal-administrative, technical and financial considerations within the Palestinian National Authority but more importantly on the continuation of the Israeli military occupation of the Palestinian land and natural resources.
Penetration of Salmonella enteritidis into Eggs Subjected to Rapid Cooling

Eggs were cooled to 0°C using two different cooling rates, natural convection, and forced convection at an air speed of 30.5 m/min. Upon rapid cooling using forced convection and when brought back to room temperature, eggs were more prone to penetration by Salmonella enteritidis (strain PS8NSR). Eggs cooled using forced convection had 100% penetration by PS8NSR; eggs cooled using natural convection had 91.3% penetration; and uncooled eggs had 48% penetration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that shells of both cooled and uncooled eggs had microscopic cracks; however, cracks were more numerous and larger in shells of cooled eggs.
Optical, Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of CaLa 2 S 4

Optical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of CaLa2S4K.J. Saunders, T.Y. Wong, R.L. GentilmanRaytheon Company, Research Division131 Spring StreetLexington, Massachusetts 02173AbstractVery little is known regarding the optical, mechanical and thermal characteris-tics of calcium lanthanum sulfide (CaLa2S4). Property data including absorptioncoefficient, Knoop hardness, flexural strength, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio,thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and calculated thermal shock resistance R'are presented for CaLa2S4 at its present state of development.IntroductionCaLa2S4 has been shown to have the potential to meet future needs for a moredurable infrared window and dome material for the 8 -14 micrometer wavelength band.The specific applications of interest are those for which ZnS is currently used orproposed, namely, large -size optical hardware aboard high speed aircraft or air -to-surface IR guided missiles. In both these applications, significantly greaterhardness and increased IR cutoff of CaLa2S4, as will be shown, represent markedpotential for improved system performance.Except where noted, all samples were fabricated and evaluated at Raytheon.After processing, the samples were at least 99.5 percent dense. They had equiaxedgrains approximately 10 -50 microns in size and were essentially phase -pure CaLa2S4as determined by X -ray diffraction.ProcedureIn -line transmittance of ground and polished samples was measured using thePerkin -Elmer Model .580B infrared spectrophotometer. In some cases two differentthicknesses of a given sample were measured in order to determine the apparentabsorption coefficient given by
Expanding molecular logic capabilities in DNA-scaffolded multiFRET triads

Dynamic rearrangement of DNA nanostructures provides a straightforward yet powerful mechanism for sequence-specific sensing and potential signaling of such interactions. These rearrangements are often interpreted in the context of Boolean logic gates as a means of both reflecting the underlying sensing and providing preliminary processing of the raw data. Here, we expand on previous work to optimize both the sensing and signal transduction of an initial DNA-triad sensor prototype. The core structure of this DNA triad consists of dye-labeled arms connected by 1, 2, or 3 single-stranded DNA linkers, whose presence and length alter the efficiency of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the dyes. The latter forms the basis for sensing through the use of DNA hybridization and displacement which result in structural rearrangements with each configuration correlated to a different logic state. Three different avenues were pursued to optimize the sensor function: (1) restructuring the connecting linkers and dye-choices in the original structure; (2) changing the mechanism of distance modulation between the arms; and (3) moving the signaling dyes to within the single-stranded portion of the structure. The first approach provided for improvements in FRET properties and the ability to reconfigure and switch the sensors between different types of Boolean logic gates such as going from INHIBIT 1 to Enabled OR by changing dyes, for example. The last approach proved to be the most versatile providing for the largest changes in FRET along with the ability to be repeatedly toggled and reset for multiple sequential sensing events. Switching could be completed in an isothermal manner with a near stoichiometric concentration of inputs and input complements. The continued development and potential applications of these and similar types of DNA sensors are discussed.
Top Management Team Pay Structure and Corporate Social Performance

This paper examines the influence of top management team (TMT) pay structure characteristics (such as pay dispersion, long-term variable pay, and short-term variable pay) on corporate social perfor...
Thermally Triggered Mechanically Destructive Electronics Based On Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibrous Polymer Films.

Electronics, which functions for a designed time period and then degrades or destructs, holds promise in medical implants, reconfigurable electronic devices and/or temporary functional systems. Here we report a thermally triggered mechanically destructive device, which is constructed with an ultra-thin electronic components supported by an electrospun poly(e-caprolactone) nanofibrous polymer substrate. Upon heated over the melting temperature of the polymer, the pores of the nanofibers collapse due to the nanofibers' microscopic polymer chain relaxing and packing. As a result, the polymer substrate exhibits approximately 97.5% area reduction. Ultra-thin electronic components can therefore be destructed concurrently. Furthermore, by integrating a thin resistive heater as the thermal trigger of Joule heating, the device is able to on-demand destruct. The experiment and analytical results illustrate the essential aspects and theoretical understanding for the thermally triggered mechanical destructive devices. The strategy suggests a viable route for designing destructive electronics.
CHOOSING A PATH TO THE ANCIENT WORLD IN A MODERN MARKET: THE REALITY OF FACULTY JOBS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

Over the past 30 years, the number of US doctoral anthropology graduates has increased by about 70%, but there has not been a corresponding increase in the availability of new faculty positions. Consequently, doctoral degree-holding archaeologists face more competition than ever before when applying for faculty positions. Here we examine where US and Canadian anthropological archaeology faculty originate and where they ultimately end up teaching. Using data derived from the 2014–2015 AnthroGuide, we rank doctoral programs whose graduates in archaeology have been most successful in the academic job market; identify long-term and ongoing trends in doctoral programs; and discuss gender division in academic archaeology in the US and Canada. We conclude that success in obtaining a faculty position upon graduation is predicated in large part on where one attends graduate school.
The Psychotic Subnormal

(1968). The Psychotic Subnormal. The Journal of Mental Subnormality: Vol. 14, No. 26, pp. 25-34.
Could Political Science Become Diagnostic? Restoring a Forgotten Method

Political philosophers and their commentators frequently analogize human bodies and bodies politic, evaluating individual cities and empires in terms of health and sickness much the way a doctor wo...
Evaluation and Comparison of Computational Models

Computational models are powerful tools that can enhance the understanding of scientific phenomena. The enterprise of modeling is most productive when the reasons underlying the adequacy of a model, and possibly its superiority to other models, are understood. This chapter begins with an overview of the main criteria that must be considered in model evaluation and selection, in particular explaining why generalizability is the preferred criterion for model selection. This is followed by a review of measures of generalizability. The final section demonstrates the use of five versatile and easy-to-use selection methods for choosing between two mathematical models of protein folding.
Gesell: The First School Psychologist. Part II. Practice and Significance.

Part I of this series (see issue 16–1 of the School Psychology Review) explored the events leading up to Gesell's appointment in Connecticut following an unsuccessful attempt to create a similar po...
The Neighborhood in the Internet: Design Research Projects in Community Informatics

Today, "community" seems to be everywhere. At home, at work, and online, the vague but comforting idea of the community pervades every area of life. But have we lost the ability truly to understand what it means? The Neighborhood in the Internet investigates social and civic effects of community networks on local community, and how community network designs are appropriated and extended by community members. Carroll uses his conceptual model of "community" to re-examine the Blacksburg Electronic Village the first Web-based community network applying it to attempts to sustain and enrich contemporary communities through information technology. The book provides an analysis of the role of community in contemporary paradigms for work and other activity mediated by the Internet. It brings to the fore a series of design experiments investigating new approaches to community networking and addresses the future trajectory and importance of community networks. This book will be of interest to students of sociology, community psychology, human-computer interaction, information science, and computer-supported collaborative work.
Current and Forthcoming Applications of ROMP Polymers – Biorelated Polymers

Biological applications of synthetic polymers are proliferating. Applications ranging from drug delivery to imaging to controlling cell signaling are being driven by the advent of new methods for polymer synthesis. Polymer assembly processes now allow for unprecedented levels of control over structure and functionality. One especially powerful method for the synthesis of bioactive polymers is the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). This chapter focuses on how the attributes of metal carbene-catalyzed ROMP can be exploited to synthesize novel polymers with tailored biological activities.
Controllability and Observability

Controllability and observability are structural properties that carry useful information for structural testing and control, yet are often overlooked by structural engineers. A structure is controllable if the installed actuators excite all its structural modes. It is observable if the installed sensors detect the motions of all the modes. This information, although essential in many applications, is too limited: it answers the question of excitation or detection in terms of yes or no. The quantitative answer is supplied by the controllability and observability grammians, which represent a degree of controllability and observability of each mode. In this chapter the controllability and observability properties of flexible structures are discussed. The fundamental property of a flexible structure in modal coordinates consists of a set of weakly coupling of the modes, as shown in Property 2.1. The weak coupling allows one to treat each individual mode separately specifically, to combine the controllability and observability properties of the whole system out of the properties of individual modes. These controllability and observability properties are used later in this book in the evaluation of structural testing and in control analysis and design.
Expanding Consumer Health Vocabularies with Frequency-Conserving Internal Context Models

Consumer Health Vocabularies (CHVs) function as lexicons that help healthcare professionals and consumers communicate effectively regarding medical concepts. A CHV is a record of a list of terms that are used by consumers when discussing health-related issues, as well as the associated medical concepts and terminology. In this work, we describe an algorithm to identify candidate terms and associated concepts for inclusion in the CHV from analyzing user-generated text on internet health forums. The proposed algorithm aims to identify terms in user-generated text that are similar to existing terms in the CHV and identify the closest Universal Medical Language System (UMLS) concept for the candidate terms. The model utilizes internal contexts of phrases to generate a likelihood ranking for each phrase observed in the input data. We demonstrate a limited evaluation of model performance and present a list of candidate terms generated by the model.
Tying It All Together – I’m Smarter than a Ninth Grader – The Culture of Lawfulness Model and Its Origins in the Schools

This author has spent much of the last two decades working on building a model to promote a culture of lawfulness internationally alongside a team under the leadership of Dr. Roy Godson of Georgetown University and the National Strategy Information Center (NSIC). After studying diverse locations around the globe that had successfully overcome decades of entrenched crime and corruption (Palermo, Sicily; Hong Kong, Bogota, Colombia), we distilled some common lessons learned that could be adapted and used to help promote a culture of lawfulness, or a culture that is supportive of the rule of law. Importantly, these lessons recognized that cultural change cannot occur overnight, and can often take over a decade.
A Secure and Smart Framework for Monitoring Infants' Safety

In this paper, we propose an affordable secure and smart framework which utilizes sensors to measure both infants and surrounding conditions, detects abnormal events of Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUID), and triggers to alarm the parents when the infants need special attention. The framework also provides crucial information to the healthcare providers to make more informed decision, and the collected data can be transferred to the cloud for further analysis with anonymized babies’ health information, complying with the United States' Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) guidelines.
Most patients experiencing 30-day postoperative stroke after carotid endarterectomy will initially experience disability

Abstract Objective Although modern rates of stroke after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have been low, the functional outcomes of stroke after CEA are unclear. Our goal was to assess the degree of initial disability in patients without baseline stroke-related impairment who had undergone CEA and experienced an early postoperative stroke. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program CEA-targeted database was queried for CEA cases from 2011 to 2014. Patients who had experienced a postoperative stroke were included, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess the degree of initial disability from stroke (0, none; 1, no significant; 2, slight; 3, moderate; 4, moderately severe; 5, severe disability; 6, dead). The mRS score was categorized as not applicable (NA) in the absence of any stroke. Patients were excluded if they had had a preoperative mRS score >1. The 30-day outcomes among the cohorts with a postoperative mRS score of NA/0 to 1, 2 to 3, and 4 to 5 were compared. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the predictors of higher initial postoperative mRS scores. Results A total of 8797 patients with CEA and preoperative mRS scores of NA/0 to 1 were identified. Their mean age was 71 ± 8.8 years, and 61% were men. Most were asymptomatic (88%) and had been taking antiplatelet agents (90%) and statins (82%) preoperatively. At 30 days, the postoperative stroke rate was 1.1% and mortality was 0.6%. Of the patients with a postoperative stroke after CEA, 35.4% had had stable initial postoperative mRS scores of NA/0 to 1, and most had had increased initial postoperative disability with mRS scores of 2 to 3 (32.3%) or 4 to 5 (32.3%). The cohorts with greater initial postoperative mRS scores exhibited a longer length of stay (2.2 ± 3.3 vs 5.8 ± 3.9 vs 11.9 ± 18.8 days; P Conclusions Although the rate of stroke after CEA has been low, almost two thirds of patients who experienced a stroke within 30 days postoperatively developed some degree of initial postoperative disability and one third developed initial moderately severe to severe disability. These findings provide an evidence base for improved informed consent and risk-benefit discussions with patients.
The Community as a Laboratory of Study: Getting Out of the Ivory Tower

Despite the prevalence of field work and case study research by academicians, very few graduate or undergraduate courses offer extended opportunities for students to apply urban theory through dire...
Androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancer.

The incidence of prostate cancer in the United States has risen steadily during the past 10 years. This is due to a combination of factors, including increased use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening, aging of the population, declining mortality from other causes such as cardiac disease, and environmental and dietary factors that have contributed to prostate carcinogenesis. In 1995 it was estimated that 244,000 new cases of prostate cancer would be diagnosed in the United States and prostate cancer would account for approximately 40,400 deaths in that year [1]. The magnitude of the prostate cancer problem has focused attention on the need for better therapies and effective prevention.
Can't we all just get along?

The science of security has been garnering much attention among researchers and practitioners tired of the ad hoc nature of much of existing work on cybersecurity. I motivate the science of security as an application area for agreement technologies, surveying some key challenges and foundational agreement technologies that provide the relevant representations and reasoning techniques.
Contemplation and Organization Studies: Why contemplative activities are so crucial for our academic lives:

Contemporary emphases on calculating the impact of our scholarship can be deadening if they lead us to refrain from contemplation. Thus, in this essay, I show the importance of contemplation and wh...
Lipidomic changes in the rat hippocampus following cocaine conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement of drug‐seeking

Introduction Cocaine dependence affects millions of individuals worldwide; however, there are no pharmacotherapeutic and/or diagnostic solutions. Recent evidence suggests a role for lipid signaling in the development and maintenance of addiction, highlighting the need to understand how lipid remodeling mediates neuroadaptation after cocaine exposure. Methods This study utilized shotgun lipidomics to assess cocaine-induced lipid remodeling in rats using a novel behavioral regimen that incorporated multiple sessions of extinction training and reinstatement testing. Results Mass spectrometric imaging demonstrated widespread decreases in phospholipid (PL) abundance throughout the brain, and high-spatial resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry indicated hippocampus-specific PL alterations following cocaine exposure. We analyzed the expression of genes involved in hippocampal lipid metabolism and observed region-specific regulation. In addition, we found that cocaine exposure differentially regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain. Conclusions This work presents a comprehensive lipidomic assessment of cocaine-induced lipid remodeling in the rat brain. Further, these findings indicate a potential interplay between CNS energetics and differential lipid regulation and suggest a role for cocaine in the maintenance of energy homeostasis.
The Real Stranded Assets of Carbon Lock-In

Climate debates over stranded assets are focusing on the wrong assets. Fossil-fuel companies and petrostates argue that they will suffer economic losses from climate policies. Although true, this ignores assets that will be stranded in the absence of climate policy. These are the real stranded assets of carbon lock-in and could prove much more costly.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Nonlesional Insular Epilepsy in Pediatric Patients: Technical Considerations

Introduction The insula presents anatomic challenges to surgical exploration and intervention. Open neurosurgical intervention is associated with high rates of complications despite improved seizure control. Minimally invasive techniques using novel energy delivery methods have gained popularity due to their relative safety and ability to overcome access-related barriers. The goal of this paper is to present an operative technical report and methodological considerations on the application of magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) for the treatment of nonlesional, medically refractory, insular epilepsy in pediatric patients. Methods Visualase laser probe(s) were implanted using ROSA robotic stereotactic guidance into the insula using a parasagittal trajectory. After confirmation of placement using intraoperative MRI, thermal energy was delivered under real-time MR guidance. Laser wire pullback was performed when the initial dose of thermal energy was insufficient to ablate the target in its entirety. Thermal ablation within the intended target was confirmed using gadolinium-enhanced brain MRI. Following removal of laser wires, a final T1-weighted axial brain MRI was performed to confirm no evidence of hemorrhage. Results Three patients underwent MRgLITT of nonlesional insular epilepsy over an 11-month period. The epileptogenic focus was localized to the insula using stereoelectroencephalography. The anterior and middle portions of the insula were accessed using a parasagittal trajectory. Laser ablation was performed for up to 3 min using an output of 10.5 W. No complications were encountered, and all patients were discharged within 24 h after the surgery. At the most recent follow-up, all patients had an Engel I outcome without any new neurologic deficits. Conclusion This small cohort shows that insular ablation can be achieved safely with promising seizure outcomes in the short term.
Clients or Partners: The Challenge to Engage Families in Baltimore’s Community Schools:

As community schools grow in numbers, this article argues that the model needs to be interrogated in order to address the power imbalances that exist between non-dominant families and schools. This...
Outcomes of Monochorionic, Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies with Prenatally Diagnosed Intertwin Weight Discordance.

Objective Monochorionic, diamniotic (MCDA) twin pairs are predisposed to various pregnancy complications due to the unique placental angioarchitecture of monochorionicity. Few studies have evaluated the outcomes of weight-discordant MCDA pairs without selective fetal growth restriction (SFGR) or the risk factors for development of SFGR. This study aims to describe the natural history of expectant, noninvasive management of weight-discordant MCDA twins and to evaluate risk factors associated with progression to SFGR. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study at a single, tertiary care center in the United States. All MCDA twins with isolated intertwin weight discordance (ITWD) ≥ 20% diagnosed before 26 weeks' gestational age (GA) were included. The primary outcome of descriptive analyses was overall pregnancy outcome, incorporating both survival to delivery and GA at delivery, as defined by the North American Fetal Therapy Network. The secondary outcome was SFGR in one twin (defined as estimated fetal weight Results Among 73 MCDA pairs with ITWD, 73% had a good pregnancy outcome, with dual live delivery at a median GA of 33 weeks. Among the 34 pairs with adequate US follow-up, 56% developed SFGR. There were no differences in GA at delivery or discordance at birth between those who did and those who did not develop SFGR. There was a nonsignificant association between increasing ITWD at diagnosis and subsequent development of SFGR. Conclusion Expectant, noninvasive management can be considered in MCDA twin pregnancies with ITWD ≥ 20% diagnosed before 26 weeks. This approach is associated with a good pregnancy outcome in the majority of cases, even after the development of SFGR in the smaller twin. Key Points
Replicated Risk Index of Patient Functional Status Prior to Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Predicts Healthcare Utilization and Survival.

ABSTRACT Poor physical functioning is associated with adverse outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Analytic tools to predict mortality in alloHCT recipients include the HCT Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) based on comorbidities and the Disease Risk Index (DRI) based on disease and disease status. We developed and replicated a risk model for overall survival (OS), early mortality (ie, death from any cause at or before day +100), initial hospital length of stay (LOS), and percentage of inpatient days within the first year post-alloHCT. In this study, we incorporated a physical therapy (PT) assessment with the HCT-CI and DRI to improve outcome predictions. The well-defined and feasible measure of functional status for assessing risk includes (1) the number of sit-to-stands performed in 30 seconds, (2) performance of 25 step-ups on the right/left side with (3) oxygen saturation recovery and (4) heart rate recovery, (5) weight-bearing ability, (6) assistance with ambulation, (7) motor and grip strength, (8) sensory and coordination impairment (eg, self-reported peripheral neuropathy, imbalance), (9) self-reported pain, and (10) limited endurance (ie, inability to complete step-ups and/or sit-to-stands). Our training cohort (TC) included 349 consecutive alloHCT recipients at Roswell Park treated between 2010 and 2016 and a subsequent replication cohort (RC; n = 163) treated between 2016 and 2019. Four of the 10 metrics—self-reported pain, limited endurance, self-reported neuropathy, and 10 sit-to-stands in 30 seconds, no self-reported neuropathy, and lower HCT-CI. These PT metrics combined with the HCT-CI and DRI created the HCT-PCDRI, which resulted in more patients being categorized accurately as high risk versus low risk. The HCT-PCDRI results were replicated in an independent cohort. Pre-alloHCT PT metrics with self-reported symptoms (pain and neuropathy) were associated with survival post-alloHCT and prolonged hospital LOS. The HCT-PCDRI scoring system for risk stratification of alloHCT recipients more accurately identifies patients at potential risk of poor outcomes. The HCT-PCDRI can be tested in
Literacy Interventions for Young Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Inclusive Postsecondary Education Settings: A Review of a Program of Research

Many students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) enrolled in postsecondary education do not derive full benefits of attending college because of their limited academic skills. This review summarizes a series of experimental studies that investigated the effects of interventions that targeted reading and writing skills for young adults with IDD enrolled in an authentic postsecondary education setting. Results of the review suggest that young adults with IDD can benefit from explicit instruction and cognitive strategy instruction. Effective academic intervention should be adaptive to the diverse learning needs of the students while providing a scaffold that supports their motivation and their persistence.
The Radio Sun and Planets

Radio emission from the Sun was discovered during World War II but no one could do much about that until hostilities ended. It turned out that the sun and the planets emit thermal and non-thermal radiation. Using the radio telescopes to transmit radar pulses, the reception of the echoes by the same dishes allows planetary surfaces to be mapped.
Singing Thomas: Anatomy of a Sympotic Scene in Acts of Thomas

This article examines one of the few musical scenes in ancient Christian literature, the description of a wedding banquet in act 1 of Acts of Thomas, in which a female piper pays special attention to Thomas, and Thomas sings a “hymn to the bride.” The inner dynamics of the scene are explored, and its contribution to the wider themes of Acts of Thomas is considered.
Evaluation of the Total Cost of Treating Elderly Hypertensive Patients with ACE Inhibitors: A Comparison of Older and Newer Agents

We compared total costs and adherence to the regimen of older versus newer angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension. A computer search using the data base of a health care insurer identified 6176 subjects age 65 years or older who had ICD-9 coding for hypertension only and had a new prescription for an ACE inhibitor dispensed between April 1, 1992, and January 31, 1993. Subjects receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs were included. Total cost of therapy included acquisition costs for the ACE inhibitors and concurrent antihypertensive agents, and nondrug costs. Other costs were laboratory tests, hospitalization, and clinic visits associated with monitoring outcomes of antihypertensive therapy. Total median cost per month was greater for older than for newer agents, $59.82 versus $53.09 (p<0.0009). The mean percentage of patients complying with therapy as determined by refill data was greater with newer than with older agents, 66% versus 58% (p<0.0001). Based on our results, newer ACE inhibitors should be first-line antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients. They also should be considered for elderly patients who are unresponsive to older ACE inhibitors.
Indium Abundances in Chondritic and Achondritic Meteorites and in Terrestrial Rocks

Indium abundances in chondritic and achondritic meteorites and terrestrial rocks determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis
On the Treatment of Electrostatic Interactions in Biomolecular Simulations

An extended electrostatics model that combines a standard pairwise additive scheme for spatially close interactions with a multipole approximation for the calculation of spatially distant interactions is described. Energy calculations and vacuum dynamics simulations of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) are employed in an evaluation of the model. The results obtained indicate that the extended electrostatics model can minimize cutoff effects in molecular dynamics simulation of biomolecules. While an additional computational overhead exists in the use of this model, the cost is significantly less than that of longer cutoffs which give corresponding results