cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CCL5 derived from platelets increases megakaryocyte proplatelet formation

In times of physiological stress, platelet count can transiently rise. What initiates this reactive thrombocytosis is poorly understood. Intriguingly, we found that treating megakaryocytes (MKs) with the releasate from activated platelets increased proplatelet production by 47%. Platelets store inflammatory cytokines, including the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5, RANTES); after TRAP activation, platelets release over 25 ng/mL CCL5. We hypothesized that CCL5 could regulate platelet production by binding to its receptor, CCR5, on MKs. Maraviroc (CCR5 antagonist) or CCL5 immunodepletion diminished 95% and 70% of the effect of platelet releasate, respectively, suggesting CCL5 derived from platelets is sufficient to drive increased platelet production through MK CCR5. MKs cultured with recombinant CCL5 increased proplatelet production by 50% and had significantly higher ploidy. Pretreating the MK cultures with maraviroc prior to exposure to CCL5 reversed the augmented proplatelet formation and ploidy, suggesting that CCL5 increases MK ploidy and proplatelet formation in a CCR5-dependent manner. Interrogation of the Akt signaling pathway suggested that CCL5/CCR5 may influence proplatelet production by suppressing apoptosis. In an in vivo murine acute colitis model, platelet count significantly correlated with inflammation whereas maraviroc treatment abolished this correlation. We propose that CCL5 signaling through CCR5 may increase platelet counts during physiological stress.
A Dynamic Optimization Decision-making Method for Power System Skeleton Restoration

Owing to the rather weak anti-disturbance capability,frequent equipment operation,increasing uncertain events and difficulty in ensuring the implementation of restoration process according to the pre-developed restoration plan during skeleton restoration,a dynamic optimization decision-making method for power system skeleton restoration is proposed.It employs the three-stage skeleton restoration strategy and the shortest path searching method to generate candidate schemes for each restoration step.The main factors influencing the power system security or restoration speed are chosen as attributes of candidate schemes and a multi-attribute decision-making method is adopted to make the optimal decision.Simulation results of a power system demonstrate that the method can coordinate system security with restoration speed and dynamically make skeleton restoration decision in accordance with the power system restoration process while providing effective supplement to the pre-developed restoration plan.
Transient Stability Simulation of Wind/PV/Battery/Gas Hybrid Microgrid

A micro-grid simulation model is built based on DIgSILENT simulation software,which is composed of wind power,photovoltaic(PV) power,gas generator and storage battery.Then the research focuses on the stability of the transient processes of the micro-grid,including grid-connected start-up,connected-isolated operation mode switch,PV output and load change during islanded running.To be specific,during the connected-isolated operation mode switch,the control mode of storage battery converts from PQ to VF;during islanded running,storage battery can respond rapidly to the micro-grid power fluctuation,achieving mode conversion between discharge and charge,so that the micro-grid can maintain stable operation.
Experimental investigation oo dynamic compressive behaviors of carbon cloth/carbon composites

Dynamic compressive behaviors of carbon cloth /carbon composites were experimentally studied at the strain rates of 500,1 500 s-1 by the split Hopkinson pressure bar with pulse shaper.Experimental results show that the pulse shaping technique ensures nearly constant strain-rate deformation experienced by specimens under dynamically equilibrated stresses so that accurate stress-strain curves at two high rates can be obtained.Compared with quasi-static compression,the dynamic compressive strength of carbon cloth/carbon composite has strong stain-rate sensitivity and it increases with strain rate.A phenomenological strain-rate-dependent material model of Cowper-Symonds power function was proposed to describe the stress-strain response of composites.The calculated results by the proposed model agree well with the experimental data at high and low strain rates.
Childhood Degenerative Disorders and Adult Dementia

An approach to the evaluation of dementia in adults related to pediatric metabolic and degenerative diseases is reviewed from the Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
Convergence and Parallelism in Astyanax Cave-Dwelling Fish

The blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, has emerged as a powerful model system for informing evolutionary and biomedical problems. A number of fascinating features evolve in cave-dwelling lineages, irrespective of phylogeny, or geography. For instance, cave-dwelling animals frequently lose vision and pigmentation, but evolve substantial gains in non-visual sensation. Astyanax cavefish are interesting models for cave evolution because they do not exist as a solitary group or population. Rather, there are 29 different Astyanax cave populations distributed across the Sierra de El Abra region of Mexico. Until recently, our understanding of how different cave populations relate to one another, and to surface-dwelling forms, was limited. We now know that there were two principal invasions over the past several millions of years—an ‘older’ stock invaded ~2–5 My ago and seeded the southern El Abra caves. The descendants of the surface-dwelling fish from this older stock have gone locally extinct. A second, ‘younger’ stock invaded the region ~1–2 My ago and seeded the northern Guatemala caves and the western Micos cave network. Descendants of the second invasion persist as extant surface-dwelling fish in the surrounding rivers. Recent population genetic evidence indicates that substantial ‘mixing’ has occurred between many caves populations, as well as between cave and surface-dwelling forms. This highly complex biogeography has raised many questions about the nature of cave-associated traits. Do these traits evolve once and spread throughout multiple cave systems? Or, alternatively, do cave-related traits evolve repeatedly in different cave complexes? This chapter discusses experimental approaches that have shed light on this question—complementation crosses and candidate gene analyses. Interestingly, complementation analyses show that vision loss and pigmentation loss evolve through similar and different genomic regions, respectively. Vision loss occurs throughout the Sierra de El Abra, but the extent to which the same genes are implicated in different eyeless caves decreases with geographic distance between caves. In contrast, pigmentation changes affecting two Mendelian traits (albinism and brown) appear to evolve through the same genes, via distinct mutations. Standing genetic variation, present in local surface-dwelling forms, also plays a key role in the evolution of reduced eye sizes, albinism, and appetite control. Thus, evolution of cave-associated phenotypes proceeds through a complex mosaic of both convergent and parallel processes. These patterns reflect the complex evolutionary and geographic origins of cavefish in this region of Mexico. Future studies based on genome-level analyses will provide new insight to the pace and mechanism(s) of cave evolution in this emerging model system.
Surgical preparation of nasal defects to enhance the implant-retained facial prostheses: A case report.

Background Skin cancers requiring nasal resection may be surgically reconstructed and/or prosthetically reconstructed. Singular surgical reconstruction may be ideal for smaller defects in which the nasal bone and cartilaginous portions of the nose are maintained, but surgical reconstruction falls short of providing acceptable aesthetic results for more extensive nasal defects. Prosthetic rehabilitation, or a combination of surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation, is more appropriate for larger defects, but prosthesis retention can be challenging when adhesives are required on adjacent mobile and secreting skin. Methods We report 2 cases of patients with extensive nasal defects who were successfully rehabilitated with nasal prostheses. The nasal defects were surgically optimized with immediate preparation of the surgical margins, placement of a split-thickness skin graft (STSG) within the nasal cavities and exposed maxillary sinuses, and immediate placement of osseointegrated implants. Results Excellent prosthetic retention can be achieved without the need for adhesives. A skin graft-lined defect has minimal secretions and allows for improved defect cleansing. Conclusion The success of a nasal prosthesis depends on appropriate surgical management of the defect, and, thus, collaboration between the various surgical and prosthetic teams is essential. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
A Meta-analysis of Long-term Mortality and Associated Risk Factors following Lower Extremity Amputation.

Background A majority of patients undergoing lower limb amputations have diabetes or peripheral artery disease. Despite improvements in care, there remains a substantial perioperative mortality associated with these procedures. Less well-defined is the mortality risk to these patients going forward, once outside the perioperative period. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and pool the available data to determine the long-term mortality associated with amputation in the diabetic and peripheral vascular patient, as well as to define specific factors associated with increased mortality risk. Methods Four databases were searched from January 2005 through July 2015 using the Medical Subject Headings terms “amputation,” “lower extremity,” and “mortality.” Inclusion criteria were observational and cohort studies where ≥50% of amputations were attributable to diabetic or vascular etiologies. Final article inclusion was approved by reviewer consensus. Bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for cohort studies. Results Of the 365 unique records screened, 43 abstracts and 21 full articles were reviewed and 16 studies ultimately included. The overall mortality rate was 47.9%, 61.3%, 70.6%, and 62.2% at 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year follow-up, respectively. In addition to diabetes and peripheral vascular disease, comorbid factors associated with at least a 2-fold increased mortality were coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal dysfunction, American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥4, dementia, and nonambulatory status. Surgical factors, including higher amputation level and need for staged surgery with up-front guillotine amputation, were also correlated with increased mortality. Conclusions The overall mortality rate after primary lower limb amputation in the diabetic and peripheral vascular population is substantial, and should not be underestimated when making decisions regarding limb salvage. Similar to patients undergoing revascularization, comorbid conditions associated with higher mortality should be optimized before surgery whenever possible.
Abrupt regime shifts in the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation over the last deglaciation

We analyze modeling results of the North Atlantic atmospheric winter circulation from a transient climate simulation over the last 21,000 years. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the midlatitude jet stream assumes a strong, stable, and zonal disposition so long as the North American ice sheets remain in their continent-wide Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) configuration. However, when the Laurentide (LIS) and Cordilleran Ice Sheets separate (ca.14,000 years ago), the jet stream abruptly changes to a tilted circulation regime, similar to modern. The proposed explanation is that the dominant stationary-wave source in the North Atlantic sector changes from the LIS to the Cordilleran mountain range during the saddle collapse. As long as the LIS dominates, the circulation retains the zonal LGM state characterized by prevalent stationary-wave reflection in the subtropical North Atlantic. When the Cordillera takes over, the circulation acquires its modern disposition.
A Tailored Multivariate Mixture Model for Detecting Proteins of Concordant Change Among Virulent Strains of Clostridium Perfringens.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a serious disease of poultry caused by the bacterium C. perfringens. To identify proteins of C. perfringens that confer virulence with respect to NE, the protein secretio...
Developing the Emotional Intelligence of Undergraduate Music Education Majors: An Exploratory Study Using Bradberry and Greaves’ (2009) Emotional Intelligence 2.0:

Research focused on the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) to academic and professional success in education, and whether and how it might be taught and learned, is inconclusive. The purpo...
Causal Evidence for a Neural Component of Spatially Global Hemodynamic Signals.

In this issue of Neuron, Turchi et al. (2018) reversibly inactivate the basal forebrain to show that this region magnifies global neocortical signal fluctuations without altering the topography of canonical resting-state networks. Thus, spatially diffuse signals measurable via functional neuroimaging may track large-scale neuromodulatory state changes in the primate brain.
A new cyclic cryptographic algorithm

A new cryptographic algorithm based on a circle of arbitrary integer radius is presented in this research paper. This cryptographic algorithm performs phase modulation and integer modulation, using prime numbers. The algorithm shares some similar properties with the elliptic curves algorithm, but unlike the elliptic curves that have several points at infinity this algorithm has only one zero point. Encryption-decryption using this algorithm is straight forward. This algorithm is based on operations defined on the circumference of a circle of arbitrary radius and arbitrary center, modulo an arbitrary prime number large enough so that the cryptanalyst cannot break the code within a reasonable time. The operations around the circle provide the phase angle modulation while the modulo arithmetic with respect to the chosen prime number provide the integer modulation. This algorithm has no similarities with the phasemodulation transmission system for quantum cryptography, published in Physics journals. Based on its structure the algorithm should have the same complexity as the elliptic curve algorithm. Also based on an FPGA prototype using 8-bit prime numbers for modulation, FPGA implementation should be relatively easy.
UAS traffic management (UTM) a complementary set of services to ATM

• UTM utilizes industry's ability to supply services under the FAA regulatory authority where these services do not exist. It is an operator-centric concept with layered procedures, services, and responsibilities that will support and enable Small UAS(sUAS) operations. • Data exchanges, using standard languages and techniques will be used to establish the necessary infrastructure. • The core UTM principles are as follows: ∗ UASs have legitimate commercial applications. ∗ FAA maintains federal authority over operations in all airspace. ∗FAA maintains regulatory control and oversight authority over commercial operations. ∗ Safety of manned aircraft and people on the ground is the highest priority.
Preliminary Results With Image-guided Cochlear Implant Insertion Techniques.

HYPOTHESIS Using patient-customized cochlear measurements obtained from preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans to guide insertion of cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays will lead to more optimal intracochlear positioning. BACKGROUND Cochlear duct length is highly variable ranging from 25.26 to 35.46 mm, yet CI electrode arrays are treated as one size fits most. We sought to investigate the impact of patient-customized insertion plans on final location of electrode arrays. METHODS Twenty cadaveric temporal bone specimens were CT scanned and randomly divided into groups A and B. Group A specimens had an optimal customized insertion plan generated including entry site (e.g., round window versus extended round window), entry vector based on anatomical landmarks (e.g., hug posterior aspect of facial recess and angle 1 mm inferior to stapes), depth to begin advancing off stylet, and final insertion depth. Suboptimal plans were chosen for group B by selecting an approach that was normal yet predicted to result in poor final electrode location. One surgeon, blinded as to group, carried out the CI insertions following which the electrode array was fixed using superglue and the specimen CT scanned to allow assessment of final electrode location. RESULTS Average perimodiolar distances for groups A and B were 0.51 and 0.60 mm, respectively. For group A, full scala tympani insertion was achieved in all specimens while in group B, 4 of 10 specimens had scalar translocation. CONCLUSION Patient customized cochlear implant insertion techniques achieved better positioning of electrode arrays in this study and have potential for improving electrode positioning in patients.
From Symmetry to the Borda Count and Other Procedures

In this chapter I explore how geometric symmetry helps explain voting outcomes and procedures. For instance, the beverage example proves that the pairwise votes can reverse the plurality outcome, but why? The Condorcet profile shows that pairwise votes can create a cycle, but why? Certain profiles, such as a division between voters of types-one and five, create problems with voting procedures, but why? Some w s procedures seem better than others, but is this true? In the first technical section, I show why some procedures lack certain symmetry properties; the cost is demonstrated with new paradoxes. The remaining sections return to the analysis of particular procedures.
Clinical outcomes among low‐titer group O whole blood recipients compared to recipients of conventional components in civilian trauma resuscitation

Background The serological safety of transfusing ≤4 units of low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) in civilian trauma patients has been demonstrated. This study investigated clinical outcomes of LTOWB recipients compared to patients who received only conventional blood components during their resuscitation. Study design and methods A retrospective analysis of trauma patients' medical records who received LTOWB during the first 24 hours of their admission was performed. Using a 12-parameter propensity matching strategy, LTOWB recipients were matched to other patients who received at least one red blood cell (RBC) unit during their first 24 hours of admission but not LTOWB. The primary outcomes were mortality and blood use. Results A total of 135 patients who received LTOWB (median 2 units) were matched to 135 patients who received conventional components. There were no significant differences in the matching parameters between the groups. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the conventional component and LTOWB groups: median (interquartile range) in-hospital mortality, 24.4% vs. 18.5% (respectively, p = 0.24); 24-hour mortality, 12.6% vs. 8.9% (respectively, p = 0.33). The hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay were not significantly different between groups. The median number of RBC units transfused, including the contribution from the LTOWB, was not significantly different between the groups. The time to normalization of elevated plasma lactate levels tended to be shorter among the LTOWB recipients compared to the conventional component recipients (median 8.1 [3.7-15.4] hr vs. 13.2 [4.4-26.8] hr, respectively, p = 0.05). Conclusion The LTOWB recipients had similar clinical outcomes compared to recipients of conventional component therapy.
Quantitative MR imaging biomarkers of tumor heterogeneity predict prognosis in metastatic colorectal lesions.

e15121Background: Intra-tumor heterogeneity is an independent determinant of patient survival outcomes in several tumor subtypes. Spatial variations in tumor enhancement on MRI is a macroscopic ima...
Gut microbiota and obesity: An opportunity to alter obesity through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT)

Obesity is a global pandemic with immense health consequences for individuals and societies. Multiple factors, including environmental influences and genetic predispositions, are known to affect the development of obesity. Despite an increasing understanding of the factors driving the obesity epidemic, therapeutic interventions to prevent or reverse obesity are limited in their impact. Manipulation of the human gut microbiome provides a new potential therapeutic approach in the fight against obesity. Specific gut bacteria and their metabolites are known to affect host metabolism and feeding behaviour, and dysbiosis of this biosystem may lead to metabolic syndrome. Potential therapies to alter the gut microbiota to treat obesity include dietary changes, supplementation of the diet with probiotic organisms and prebiotic compounds that influence bacterial growth, and the use of faecal microbiota transplant, in which gut microbiota from healthy individuals are introduced into the gut. In this review, we examine the growing scientific evidence supporting the mechanisms by which the human gut microbiota may influence carbohydrate metabolism and obesity, and the various possible therapies that may utilize the gut microbiota to help correct metabolic dysfunction.
CHAPTER 293 – Protein Arginine Methylation

Posttranslational modification of proteins is a hallmark of signal transduction, allowing cells to alter existing proteins to react rapidly to changes and events in their extracellular environment. Protein phosphorylation on serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues as a mechanism of intracellular signal transduction has been extensively studied. In contrast, the role of protein methylation at lysine, arginine, or histidine residues is much less understood. The subject of this chapter, methylation of arginine residues, was discovered more than 30 years ago, but has only recently received appreciation as a novel mechanism of signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and protein sorting. As more arginine methylated substrates are discovered, and as novel functions of arginine methylation are reported at a very rapid pace, it appears that this protein modification may be of equal importance to protein phosphorylation in the regulation of cellular functions. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on protein arginine methyltransferases and the function of arginine methylation in signal transduction. Much additional work is still required to elucidate the regulation of arginine methylation and its role in cellular function. Arginine methylation has just recently begun to be appreciated as a posttranslational modification that contributes significantly to signal transduction, protein sorting. transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and perhaps disease progression.
Abstract TP309: Increase in Video Evaluations but Not Complications Over Time in a Large Stroke Network

Introduction: Telestroke technology allows evaluation of stroke patients remotely. We sought to determine if there was any change in the standard of care and evaluation of stroke patients over time...
Evaluating pump performance using laboratory observations and machine learning

Pump performance curve helps in evaluating the pump operational efficiency, maintenance scheduling, and thus reduce energy wastage and unnecessary downtime. The objective of this study is to evalua...
Evaluation of mating systems involving five breeds for integrated beef production systems. IV: Accounting for variability and genetic trends

Computer models were used to simulate integrated cow-calf-feedlot production systems. Angus (A), Charolais (C), Hereford (H), Limousin (L), and Simmental (S) purebreds and two- and three-breed rotational crossbreds were included. Models were deterministic and based on data reported primarily from the 1970s. Variation in carcass weights were determined to predict distributions of carcass weights and values for 272- to 318-kg carcasses. Data were updated to a 1984 base by increasing birth, weaning, yearling, and mature weights to account for genetic trends within breeds. Two slaughter end points were considered: 288-kg carcass weight and low Choice grade. At low Choice grade, accounting for variation in carcass weights around the 272- to 318-kg target weight increased the estimated efficiency of A and AH crosses (input costs/carcass value), whereas at the 288-kg end point, efficiency rankings among other breed combinations were relatively unchanged. Including genetic trends resulted in increased estimated efficiencies among breed combinations with previously underweight carcasses at low Choice (A and AH), measured either as input costs/carcass weight or lean weight values. Within breeds, accounting for genetic trends and variation for weights caused breeds to be ranked differently when evaluated at low Choice.
A Criterion Space Method for Biobjective Mixed Integer Programming: The Boxed Line Method

Despite recent interest in multiobjective integer programming, few algorithms exist for solving biobjective mixed integer programs. We present such an algorithm: the boxed line method. For one of i...
Synthetic aperture towed-array processing: The Edmund J Sullivan Legacy

Dr. Edmund J. Sullivan developed synthetic aperture towed-array processing. Confronted by many nay-sayers Dr. Sullivan persisted with his work and developed the first approach as the signal processing group leader (SPGL) at the SACLANT ASW Center (now CMRE) in La Spezia, Italy. The first notional passive synthetic aperture processor using an overlapped correlation method was jointly developed [“Extended Towed Array Processing by Overlapped Correlator,” (JASA, 1989)]. This idea was to blossom even further in his collaborative works (Stergiopolous et al.) extending these ideas to a fully, recursive (in-time) model-based passive-synthetic aperture processor [“Space-time array processing: A model-based approach” (JASA, 1997)]. He also began collaborations with the Swedish Navy where he performed joint experiments in model-based passive synthetic aperture evaluating its performance in the ocean and demonstrating its effectiveness. Dr. Sullivan began mentoring more researchers and teaching at the University of Rhode Island where he advised students in underwater acoustics and processing leading researchers to the model-based approach (Cousins), synthetic aperture processing (Edelson) [“On the performance of the overlap-correlator synthetic aperture technique” (JASA, 1991)] and broadband processing (Holmes) [“Broadband passive synthetic aperture” (JASA, 2006) ]. His ideas were summarized in his recent text, [Model-Based Processing for Underwater Acoustic Arrays (Springer, 2015)].Dr. Edmund J. Sullivan developed synthetic aperture towed-array processing. Confronted by many nay-sayers Dr. Sullivan persisted with his work and developed the first approach as the signal processing group leader (SPGL) at the SACLANT ASW Center (now CMRE) in La Spezia, Italy. The first notional passive synthetic aperture processor using an overlapped correlation method was jointly developed [“Extended Towed Array Processing by Overlapped Correlator,” (JASA, 1989)]. This idea was to blossom even further in his collaborative works (Stergiopolous et al.) extending these ideas to a fully, recursive (in-time) model-based passive-synthetic aperture processor [“Space-time array processing: A model-based approach” (JASA, 1997)]. He also began collaborations with the Swedish Navy where he performed joint experiments in model-based passive synthetic aperture evaluating its performance in the ocean and demonstrating its effectiveness. Dr. Sullivan began mentoring more researchers and teaching at the University of ...
Biopower-on-Skin: Electricity generation from sweat-eating bacteria for self-powered E-Skins

Abstract Electronic skins or ‘e-skins’ have recently emerged as a novel platform for electronics, taking on more important roles in health diagnostics, therapeutics, and monitoring. Stand-alone and self-sustained e-skins are essential to providing reliable, effective and sometimes life-saving functions. A stable power supply is the most critical factor in developing practical e-skins because their performance depends significantly on power availability. A realistic and accessible power source is urgently needed for the next generation of smart, stand-alone, always-on e-skin systems. This is by no means a simple challenge because intimately integrating technologically advanced e-skins with human skin requires generating power from an extremely complicated, harsh environment. Skin is cool, dry, acidic and has few potential energy sources. In this work, we create the ability to generate an innovative, practical, and longstanding power from human sweat, which is one of the few available energy resources on skin. We use the metabolisms of sweat-eating bacteria that exist on human skin, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, and Micrococcus luteus. We also test a microorganism, Nitrosomonas europaea, that oxidizes the ammonia in sweat, but is not usually found on the skin. Bioelectrogenesis from all the bacterial species were observed at levels comparable to that of a well-known wild-type electrogenic bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR1, which inhabits the natural environment. A biobattery, or a microbial fuel cell, that uses bacteria as a biocatalyst, transforms the chemical energy of sweat into electrical power through bacterial metabolism. The skin-mountable biobattery is pre-inoculated with the sweat-eating bacteria and operates with human sweat, delivered by an integrated battery-free skin-interfaced microfluidic system. Given that the total non-human microbial cells inhabiting in and on our bodies outnumber the human cells by at least a factor of 10, the direct use of the microbial cells to produce power is conceivable for e-skins. The significance of this work stems from the demand for self-sustainable and stand-alone e-skin systems for healthcare, security, fitness, and environmental monitoring applications.
Sample-Based Classification

Optimal classification requires full knowledge of the feature-label distribution. In practice, that is a relatively rare scenario, and a combination of distributional knowledge and sample data must be employed to obtain a classifier. In this chapter, we introduce the basic concepts related to samplebased classification, including designed classifiers and error rates, and consistency. The chapter includes a section showing that distribution-free classification rules have important limitations. The material in this chapter provides the foundation for the next several chapters on sample-based classification.
Voices from the Underworld: Chinese Hell Deity Worship in Contemporary Singapore and Malaysia: by Fabian Graham, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020, Alternative Sinology, xv + 259 pp., £80.00 (hb), ISBN 978–1–5261–4057–9

Anthropologists of Chinese societies have long struggled with the problem of variation. We revel in visiting each other’s field sites where differences appear strikingly large, while realising that...
A 1.5nJ/cls Unsupervised Online Learning Classifier for Seizure Detection

This work presents a 1.5 nJ/classification (nJ/cls) seizure detection classifier which provides unsupervised online updates on an initial offline-trained regression model to achieve >97% average sensitivity and specificity on 27 patient datasets, including three that have >250 hours of continuous recording. The classifier was fabricated in 28nm CMOS and operates at 0.5V supply. Through hardware optimizations and low overall computational complexity and voltage scaling, the online learning classifier achieves 24× better energy per classification and occupies 10x lower area than state-of-the-art.
“Theory’s Cool, But Theory With No Practice Ain’t Shit…”: Critical Theories and Frameworks to Dismantle Racism in Social Work Education and Practice

As it stands today, social work education falls short in providing critical theories and frameworks that reflect the experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). Such insufficiencies maintain racism and other forms of oppression that plague both social work pedagogy and praxis. To challenge and dismantle hegemonic curricula, social work education needs to do more to provide the knowledge and tools necessary for anti-racist social work. The purpose of this article is to present five critical theories and frameworks written by Indigenous and People of Color scholars that social work educators, researchers, and practitioners can integrate into their teaching and practice to raise the critical consciousness of social work students. These five postulations are Compa Love, Racial Triangulation Theory, Breath of Life Theory, kapwa, and cultural wealth. The article will also discuss implications for social work education and practice. Centering the voices of under-represented scholars whose epistemologies are rooted in the lived experiences and communities that the field of social work traverses provides a pathway for social work education and practice to be tailored towards self-determination for all.
Structure, Expression, and Evolution of the D. melanogaster DPKQDFMRF-Amide Neuropeptide Gene

In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the amount of information detailing the structure and expression of biologically active neuropeptides. While we have exact knowledge of many neuropeptides, the promise of a better understanding of what they do, both as individuals and as a class, and of how their diversity improves neuronal function, remains largely unfulfilled. Because of its diminutive size, Drosophila melanogaster has not been a favored subject for physiological studies. The study of neuropeptide expression and function in D. melanogaster is highly attractive, however, because of the advanced genetics and molecular techniques that are available for studies of gene regulation and function in vivo. The functions of neuropeptides are often difficult to analyze because of their structural diversity and because of a lack of specific antagonists. However, in D. melanogaster, the ability to create gene mutations offers the possibility of examining animals that chronically lack specific neuropeptide gene expression. Furthermore, the ability to transform the D. melanogaster germ line via P elements (Rubin and Spradling, 1982) means that such expression could be re-introduced to the nervous system, and in this way, neuropeptide function may be defined by the rescue of mutant phenotypes. With these ideas in mind, we initiated experiments to describe a D. melanogaster neuropeptide gene, its organization and its expression, as starting points from which to undertake a genetic analysis.
Decision-making and cognitive strategies.

“I think, therefore I am” - Rene Descartes“He who knows most, knows best how little he knows.” - Thomas JeffersonThe past decade has seen a considerable increase in interest in understanding the cognitive underpinnings of medical decision making in dynamic acute care arenas. Errors caused by faulty
2006 ECJ Direct Tax Cases

Covers the major cases on direct taxation decided by the ECJ in 2006, including, among others, Cadbury Schweppes (certain CFC regimes held contrary to EC law). It also includes distillations of the ECJ's judgments concerning double taxation (Kerckhaert & Morres) and corporate tax integration for cross-border dividends (including ACT Group Litigation, Franked Investment Income, and Denkavit Internationaal).
Simulation of SOI-like kink effects in a 'horseshoe-drain' MOSFET for 16M and 64M DRAM applications

The MOSFET structure of a scaled SCC trench cell with a buried drain has been studied using MINIMOS. In this cell the depletion regions surrounding the buried drain can pinch off the substrate, causing sharply increased avalanche carrier generation similar to, but more severe than, the kink effect in SOI MOSFETs. The mechanism for the enhanced avalanche generation and its dependence on bias conditions and geometry have been studied, and simple design rules for punchth-rough and pinchoff by the buried drain have been established.
AN EVALUATION OF MARKET ORDER GRADE CHANGES USING COVARIANCE ANALYSIS

Market orders authorized under both State and Federal legislation have long been employed to regulate the marketing of many agricultural products, especially fruits and vegetables. While their purposes vary and controls provided for differ, one provision that is common to a large number of orders allows the establishment of minimum standards of grade, maturity, or other characteristics of quality in the marketing of an agricultural commodity. These standards are usually set by the marketing order committee composed of producer and shipper members of the industry, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture.
Some New Three-Dimensional Green's Functions in Antisotropic Piezoelectric Bimaterials

In this paper, we derive three-dimensional GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s functions of point-force/pointcharge in anisotropic and piezoelectric bimaterials for six different interface models. Mechanically, the six interface models are either in perfect or smooth contact along the interface; electronically, they can be closed, open interface, or with continuous electrical potential and normal electrical displacement component along the interface. By introducing certain modified bimaterial Stroh matrices, along with the extended Stroh formalism and the MindlinA¢â‚¬â„¢s superposition method, the bimaterial GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s functions for the six interface conditions are expressed in terms of a concise and mathematically similar uniform form. That is, the physical-domain bimaterial GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s functions can all be expressed as a sum of a homogeneous full-space GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s function in an explicit form and a complementary part in terms of simple line-integrals over [0, Aâ‚¬] suitable for standard numerical integration. Furthermore, utilizing a direct connection between the 2D and 3D Stroh matrices observed in this paper, the corresponding 2D bimaterial GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s functions are also derived, in exact-closed form, for the six interface conditions. Based on the bimaterial GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s functions, the effects of different interface conditions on the mechanical and electrical fields are discussed. It is noted that only the complementary part of the solution contributes to the differences of the mechanical and electrical fields arising from different interface conditions. Also, numerical examples are presented for the GreenA¢â‚¬â„¢s functions in the bimaterials made of two half-spaces with two typical piezoelectric materials, quartz and ceramic. Certain new features are observed which could be of great interest to the design of piezoelectric composites and to the numerical modeling of strained quantum devices using the boundary element method.
CXCR3 and IFN Protein-10 in Pneumocystis Pneumonia

We have previously shown that Tc1 CD8+ T cells have in vitro and in vivo effector activity against Pneumocystis (PC) infection in mice. Because these cells have preferential expression of CXCR3, we investigated whether CXCR3 was required for host defense activity against PC. Mice deficient in CXCR3 but CD4+ T cell intact, showed an initial delay but were able to clear the infectious challenge, indicating that CXCR3 signaling is not essential for clearance of PC. CD4-depleted mice had lower levels of monokine induced by IFN-γ, IFN protein-10 (IP-10), and IFN-inducible T cell α-chemoattractant at day 7 of infection and are permissive to PC infection. Overexpression of IP-10 in the lungs by adenoviral gene transfer did not accelerate clearance of infection in control mice but accelerated clearance by day 28 in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells. This effect was associated with increased recruitment of CD8+ T to the lungs with higher CXCR3+ expression levels and enhanced IFN-γ secretion upon in vitro activation compared with control mice. These results indicate that the CXCR3 chemokines are part of the host defense response to PC, and that IP-10 can direct Tc1 CD8+ T cell recruitment to the lungs and contribute to host defense against PC even in the absence of CD4+ T cells.
Mycophenolic acid-induced replication arrest, differentiation markers and cell death of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells DU145

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors including mycophenolic acid (MPA) are effective inducers of terminal differentiation in a variety of distinct human tumor cell types. Here, we report that MPA also induces such a differentiation in the androgen-independent prostate cancer derived cell line DU145. MPA evoked replication arrest and accumulation of the DU145 cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. The inhibitor also induced the expression of CD55, clusterin, granulophysin, glucose-regulated protein 78, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and prostate-specific transglutaminase, which are differentiation markers associated with the phenotype of normal prostate cells. We suggest that inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, which are already used for the treatment of other diseases, may be used as potential differentiation therapy drugs to control prostate cancer.
A priori policy evaluation and cyclic-order-based simulated annealing for the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands

Abstract We develop methods to estimate and exactly calculate the expected cost of a priori policies for the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands, an extension of the classical vehicle routing problem where customer demands are uncertain and products must be transported in separate partitions. We incorporate our estimation procedure into a cyclic-order-based simulated annealing algorithm, significantly improving the best-known solution values for a set of benchmark problems. We also extend the updating procedure for a cyclic order’s candidate route set to duration-constrained a priori policies.
A Single Dose of Methamphetamine Leads to a Long Term Reversal of the Blunted Dopamine D1 Receptor-mediated Neocortical c-fos Responses in Mice Deficient for D2 and D3 Receptors

Dopamine D1 receptors play an essential role in the induction of expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos in response to pharmacological stimuli. In the forebrain of wild-type mice, administration of a D1receptor agonist leads to c-fos mRNA expression levels that are substantially higher than corresponding levels expressed after indirect stimulation of dopamine receptors with methamphetamine. In mice deficient for D2 and D3 receptors, c-fos mRNA levels expressed in response to D1 agonist administration are significantly blunted. However, a single dose of methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) leads to a long lasting reversal of the blunted c-fos responses in these mutants. In the forebrain, this reversal is restricted to the neocortex. Moreover, methamphetamine also enhances c-fosexpression levels in preadolescent wild-type mice that normally express low c-fos mRNA in response to D1 agonist stimulation. Thus, a single dose of methamphetamine leads to a long term increase in D1 receptor-dependent c-fos responses in brains with either low (preadolescent mice) or blunted (adult D2 and D3 mutant mice) c-fos expression levels. A similar long term reversal of the blunted c-fos responses is achieved with a single dose of a full D1 agonist. These results indicate that the constitutive inactivation of D2 and D3receptors leads to a decrease in agonist-promoted D1receptor activity that can be reversed by intermittent agonist stimulation.
Adeno-associated viruses having nonsense mutations in the capsid genes: Growth in mammalian cells containing an inducible amber suppressor

When an adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome contained in a recombinant plasmid is transfected into adenovirus-infected cells, infectious AAV particles are efficiently generated. We previously described the construction of a conditional lethal mutant of AAV having an amber termination codon inserted in therep gene. This mutant was propagated on a monkey kidney cell line (SupD12) having an inducible amber suppressor tRNAser. We now describe the construction and propagation of two additional conditional lethal mutants of AAV having amber codons affecting all three capsid proteins (AAV Capam) or only the VP1 capsid protein (AAV VP1am). Suppression of the amber mutations in the capsid proteins was demonstrated directly by immunoblot analysis. The efficiency of amber suppression on the SupD12 cell was about 6 to 10% for AAV VP1am and 4 to 5% for AAV Capam. The reversion frequency of either mutant was apparently less than 10−5. On nonsuppressing cells AAV VP1am exhibited an Lip (Inf) phenotype, whereas AAV Capam exhibited a Cap phenotype.
Predicting biopsy-proven prostate cancer recurrence following cryosurgery

Abstract Objectives Prostate cancer (CaP) cryosurgery utilizes PSA nadir level and radiotherapy criteria as surrogates for success. We attempted to correlate PSA doubling time (PSAdt) and time of undetectable PSA (TUPSA) with biopsy-proven cancer recurrence (BPR) in men treated with primary third-generation cryotherapy for clinically localized CaP. Materials and methods Demographic, clinical, and pathologic data was retrieved including age, race, use of preoperative hormones or 5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), initial biopsy PSA, biopsy Gleason score, cT stage, prostate volume, presence/absence median lobe, and follow-up. Post-cryotherapy biopsy was considered for PSA levels ≥ 0.5 ng/ml. PSAdt was determined by the log-slope method. TUPSA was defined as time from surgery to a PSA value ≥ 0.2ng/ml or most recent follow-up if undetectable. Results Ninety-seven patients were identified. Preoperative hormonal manipulation was used in 25 (26%); 5 (5%) were using a 5-ARI. Twenty-seven (29%) underwent post-cryotherapy biopsy, 12 (12%) had a BPR. In 41 (42%), PSAdt was calculated (median 11.9 months, IQR 6.6–34.8); no significant difference between patients with BPR and without CaP was found (P = 0.46). TUPSA was a median of 4.9 months (IQR 3.2–9.9) vs. 15.6 months (IQR 6.1–30.3) for BPR or no CaP, respectively (P = 0.005). On proportional hazards regression, TUPSA was the only independent predictor of BPR (P = 0.03, OR 0.91). Conclusions Post-cryosurgery PSAdt does not appear to be associated with BPR risk, whereas TUPSA reduces the risk of BPR by 9% per month. This may help guide management if local failure is suspected.