cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-15-11: The distress screening tool: Initial experience with electronically curated patient reported measures

Background : In June 2013, our health system transitioned to an electronic medical record (EMR) which included collecting patient quality of life data at each clinic visit. We used the NCCN distress thermometer (DT), a short, simple to use, self-report measure which uses a 10-point scale from 0 (no distress) to 10 (extreme distress) as well as an associated problem checklist which queries the source(s) of their distress. Among our breast cancer clinic population, we studied the severity and sources of distress as well as whether the DT score was associated with stage at diagnosis and time interval since diagnosis. Methods: Between October 1, 2013 and April 30, 2014, starting 3 months after implementation of a comprehensive EMR, all patients seen at our tertiary breast cancer clinic were asked to complete the DT survey at each clinic visit. DT data were collected and entered into the EMR at point of care. The DT tool was correlated with demographic and tumor information from our prospectively curated electronic datamart. Results : We collected 7276 DT surveys from 3267 unique patients over seven months. Median age of the cohort was 60 years; 73% were white and 21% were black. Among those with available staging data and a diagnosis of breast cancer, stage distribution was 10% stage 0, 34% stage I, 37% stage II, 15% stage III and 4% stage IV. The median reported distress score was 1.0 (range 0-10) with score distribution shown in Figure 1. The most commonly reported source of stress was fatigue (8.0%) followed by pain (6.8%). For new patient appointments the most commonly reported sources were worry (9.5%) followed by nervousness (8.0%). There was no significant correlation between overall distress score and stage at diagnosis. Among patients who were seen more than once during the study interval, the DT score changed for 33.7% of patients. The lowest distress scores were reported among women >3 years from initial diagnosis. Conclusions : The transition to an integrated EMR system has allowed collection of analyzable patient reported data to inform medical and psychosocial intervention. Structured data collection at point of care allows for efficient identification of and management for the major sources of distress among patients during breast cancer treatment and survivorship. Citation Format: Shelley Hwang, Steve Power, Ilona Stashko, Rachel Blitzblau, Rachel Greenup, Janet Horton, Kellly Westbrook, Kimberly Blackwell, Heather Sperling, Jeffrey Peppercorn, Gretchen Kimmick, Kelly Marcom. The distress screening tool: Initial experience with electronically curated patient reported measures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-11.
Introduction to lambda phages.

The biology of lambda-derived vectors is extremely well understood. This introduction to the biology of lambda and related phages is included to help readers use the lambda vectors that are employed in the manual and to help readers understand new lambda vectors that are being developed. Specific topics include a discussion of lytic growth (i.e., requirements for DNA replication, packaging and lysis) and lysogenic growth (i.e., requirements for lysogenization and induction of a lysogen).
The stem cell-associated antigen CD133 (Prominin-1) is a molecular therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma

CD133 (Prominin-1) is considered the most important cancer stem cell (CSC)-associated marker identified so far, with increased expression in the CSC fraction of a large variety of human malignancies, including melanoma. Here we investigated the effects of CD133 downregulation in vitro and in vivo in human metastatic melanoma. The average number of CD133 molecules on the cell surface of FEMX-I melanoma cells was decreased by 8.7-fold and 1.8-fold using two different short hairpin RNAs. Downregulation of CD133, confirmed by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, microarray analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, resulted in slower cell growth, reduced cell motility, and decreased capacity to form spheroids under stem cell-like growth conditions. Clonal analysis revealed that the reduction in growth rate was proportional to the extent of CD133 downregulation. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two different epitopes of the CD133 protein induced a specific, dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in FEMX-I cells. The downregulation of CD133 severely reduced the capacity of the cells to metastasize, particularly to the spinal cord. In the CD133 downregulated cells, microarray analysis revealed expression changes for only 143 annotated genes (76 up- and 67 downregulated). Ten of the 76 upregulated genes coded for Wnt inhibitors, suggesting an interaction between CD133 and the canonical Wnt pathway. We conclude that CD133, in addition to its role as a CSC marker, is an important therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma and, potentially, for other CD133-expressing cancer types.
An Efficient Line Drawing Algorithm for Parallel Machines

Fractals have recently been used to draw self-similar objects such as trees, coastlines, and mountains in computer graphics. This paper shows that there are advantages in using fractals to draw lines in an MIMD environment as well. In the course of developing our parallel algorithm, methods which reduce the space requirements and increase the speed of the sequential algorithm upon which it is based are also discussed. While the only algorithm presented here deals with lines, it is possible that there are advantages in developing comparable algorithms which draw other self-similar geometric shapes, such as circles.
MULTIFRACTALS IN THE SOLAR WIND

Multifractals have been observed in the solar wind in several contexts. The velocity fluctuations observed by Voyager 2 near 8 AU have the structure of intermittent turbulence which has multifractal scaling symmetry. The velocity fluctuations in corotating streams at 1 AU and near 6 AU also have multifractal structure, and the structure evolves significantly between 1 AU and 6 AU. Multifractal scaling has also been observed in the magnetic field strength, density and temperature in recurrent streams at 1 AN and in large-scale fluctuations the magnetic field strength at 25 AU.
Atmospheric electric fields at the Kennedy Space Center, 1997–2005: No evidence for effects of global warming or modulation by galactic cosmic rays

[1] Near surface, atmospheric voltage gradients [Ez] measured at 31 sites of the Kennedy Space Center [KSC], between Aug. 1997 and Dec. 2005, averaged 162.5 ± 3.5 V/m, positive upward, with a standard deviation of 21.4 V/m and an apparent trend of +0.40 ± 1.04 %/yr. That is, no significant positive trend, predicted to be a consequence of global warming, yet rises above the noise. The correlation of Ez with a monthly index of galactic cosmic rays at Haleakala, Hawaii, was −0.07 ± 0.18, for periods between 2 and 25 months. That is, no significant short-period effect of solar-magnetically modulated cosmic-ray flux on Ez was observed at KSC, during this epoch.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum. XV. Dissociation of the membrane ATPase enzyme of sarcoplasmic reticulum into subunits by ultrasonic treatment.

Abstract Ultrasonic treatment of rabbit skeletal-muscle microsomes solubilized with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) with or without reducing agents, causes the rapid dissociation of the Ca-activated ATPase enzyme of sarcoplasmic reticulum into subunits. Similar subunit pattern is obtained after several days of incubation of microsomal proteins in the presence of SDS and β-mercaptoethanol without ultrasonic treatment. The protein-bound radioactivity formed on incubation of microsomes with [32P] ATP or [32P] acetylphosphate is retained in the separated subunits, providing a possibility for the isolation of the phosphate-acceptor component of the ATPase enzyme. As the maximum steady-state concentration of protein-bound phosphate is about 1 mole per 100,000 g protein and the molecular weight of the ATPase is is about 100,000 g, it is expected that only one of the component subunits serves as phosphate acceptor. The method may prove useful for the analysis of the subunit composition of other membrane proteins, which appear resistant to the routinely applied dissociating conditions.
A heuristic and complete planner for the classical mover's problem

We present a motion planner for the classical mover's problem in three dimensions that is both resolution-complete and efficient in that it has performance commensurate with task difficulty. It is based on the SANDROS search strategy, which uses a hierarchical, multi-resolution representation of the configuration space along with a generate-and-test paradigm for solution paths. This planner can control the trade-offs between the computation resource and algorithmic completeness/solution path quality, and thus can fully utilize the available computing power. It is useful for navigation of mobile robots, submarines and spacecraft, or part motion feasibility in assembly planning.
A cortical representation of the local visual environment

Medial temporal brain regions such as the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal cortex have been generally implicated in navigation and visual memory. However, the specific function of each of these regions is not yet clear. Here we present evidence that a particular area within human parahippocampal cortex is involved in a critical component of navigation: perceiving the local visual environment. This region, which we name the 'parahippocampal place area' (PPA), responds selectively and automatically in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to passively viewed scenes, but only weakly to single objects and not at all to faces. The critical factor for this activation appears to be the presence in the stimulus of information about the layout of local space. The response in the PPA to scenes with spatial layout but no discrete objects (empty rooms) is as strong as the response to complex meaningful scenes containing multiple objects (the same rooms furnished) and over twice as strong as the response to arrays of multiple objects without three-dimensional spatial context (the furniture from these rooms on a blank background). This response is reduced if the surfaces in the scene are rearranged so that they no longer define a coherent space. We propose that the PPA represents places by encoding the geometry of the local environment.
Using morphological operations — Erosion based algorithm for edge detection

Edge detection remains a challenging task in many applications even with the abundance of commonly used methods such as Sobel, Robert, Prewitt, Canny, and Cellular Automata. In this paper, a new method is proposed for edge detection using morphological operations and utilizing erosion processes to identify the edges in an image. In this work we propose to use morphological operators of disk shape to detect thin edges from binary images generated using Otsu's thresholding technique. Using several synthetic and real images from a variety of applications, we show that our proposed algorithm provides a robust method in terms of accuracy and computation time, making it suitable for real time processing. The results also show that this algorithm is capable of producing one-pixel-width continuous edges as well as accurate positioning while preserving minute image details. We also present comparison results between our proposed method and Sobel, Robert, Prewitt, Canny and Cellular Automata methods.
Comparison of the Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase.

The soluble hemagglutinin/protease (HA/protease) produced by Vibrio cholerae and the elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are both zinc/calcium-dependent proteases. In the present study the two enzymes are compared immunologically and functionally. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the proteins had 65% identity within the first 20 amino acids. Polyclonal antisera against each purified protein recognized the enzyme of the other species in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, checkerboard immunoblot, and Western blot analyses and inhibited the protease activity of both enzymes in milk and elastin agars. Like the HA/protease, the elastase hemagglutinated "responder" but not "nonresponder" chicken erythrocytes, degraded ovomucin, lactoferrin, and fibronectin, and nicked the A subunit of the cholera toxin-related heat-labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli. Whereas none of the three proteases tested (elastase, HA/protease, or pronase E) had any obvious effect in ileal loop tests in rabbits at doses up to 50 micrograms, all three produced some detectable skin reactions at a dose of 0.1 micrograms and necrosis at a higher dose (i.e., 5 micrograms). We conclude that the V. cholerae HA/protease and the P. aeruginosa elastase are structurally, functionally, and immunologically related.
Suicides in Beijing, China, 1992–1993

Analyzing the raw data of suicides reported to the Beijing Public Security Bureau in 1992 and 1993, this study reveals for the first time to the academic public in the West the rate, gender difference, the timing, causes, and means of Chinese suicides. In comparison with suicide patterns in Western societies, mainly reported by Durkheim (1897/1951), Diekstra (1990) and the National Center for Health Statistics (1991), the findings of this study suggest more differences than similarities. The comparatively low suicide rate (4.8 per 100,000 population), the reversed gender effect (55.4% of suicides are female and 44.6% male), alleged causes, and reported means of suicides in China are explained in terms of history, culture, and social forces. However, the direct relationship of warm seasons to Chinese suicide rates is consistent with what is known about Western societies.
Markstein numbers and unstretched laminar burning velocities of wet carbon monoxide flames

Effects of positive flame stretch on the laminar burning velocities of wet carbon-monoxide/air flames at normal temperature and pressure were studied both experimentally and computationally. Measurements and numerical simulations considered outwardly-propagating spherical laminar premixed flames having both stable and unstable preferential-diffusion behavior. Test conditions included concentrations of hydrogen in the fuel mixture of 3-50% by volume, fuel equivalence ratios of 0.6-5.0, Karlovitz numbers of 0-0.91 and laminar burning velocities corrected to unstretched (plane) flame conditions of 130-1730 mm/s. Both measured and predicted ratios of unstretched (plane) to stretched laminar burning velocities varied linearly with Karlovitz numbers, yielding Markstein numbers in the range -6.5 to 7.6, reaching largest values near limits for the largest hydrogen concentrations in the fuel mixture. Effects of stretch on laminar burning velocities were modest at low hydrogen concentrations but approached earlier observations for hydrogen/air flames as hydrogen concentrations increased. Present and earlier stretchcorrected measurements of the laminar burning velocities and Markstein numbers for unstretched (plane) flames were generally in good agreement, aside from some exceptions at conditions where Markstein numbers were large. Predicted and measured unstretched laminar burning velocities and Markstein numbers were in fair agreement, using a chemical reaction mechanism due to Kim et al. (1994); nevertheless, additional development of the mechanism is needed to improve predictions of Markstein numbers over the test range, and unstretched laminar burning *Visiting Scholar from Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt. Graduate Student Research Assistant **Professor, Fellow AIAA. Copyright © 1996 by G.M. Faeth. Published by the American Institute of Astronautics and Aeronautics, Inc., with permission. velocities at large hydrogen concentrations and fuelequivalence ratios.
e-Work: the challenge of the next generation ERP systems

A rapid development in information technology has transformed not only the way people work and interact with each other, but also the focus of management, from within the enterprise to the relations among business partners. Electronic media, such as e-mail, LAN, intranet and Internet, enable tools that help the enterprise to collaborate on its work and missions within its own organization and with other independent enterprises, including suppliers, customers and even competitors. The work activities that are related to these electronic media are defined as e-Work. This article addresses the emerging and future problems of ERP systems in both the development and implementation perspectives. The characteristics of the next generation of ERP systems are presented based on conclusions from several of Purdue University's PRISM Center research projects in planning distributed information and production systems.
POLYAMINE TURNOVER IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF RAT BRAIN

The dynamics of the formation and disappearance of polyamines in rat brain have been examined after intraventricular administration of a tracer dose of [3H]putrescine. After 2 days [3H]putrescine was no longer detectable in any brain region examined. [3H] Spermidine and [3H] spermine were formed in all brain areas. In the midbrain, hypothalamus and cerebellum (regions which manifested the greatest initial accumulation of tritium) the specific radioactivity of spermidine declined with a half-life of 16-19 days. However, in areas with a low initial accumulation of tritium (the medulla-pons, internal capsule, cerebral cortex and corpus striatum) the specific radioactivity of spermidine changed very little between 2 and 19 days after the putrescine administration. Levels of [3H]spermine increased continuously in all brain areas for a 14-day period after the putrescine injection.
Cerebellar involvement in cognitive function: evidence from neuroimaging

A variety of evidence derived from functional neuroimaging suggests that the cerebellum participates in cognitive function, a conclusion consistent with the results of studies of patients with cerebellar damage and with recent advances in the understanding of cortiocerebellar pathways. This review focuses on the importance of cerebro-cerebellar interactions in understanding cerebellar influences on neocortical function. First, the phenomenon of crossed-cerebellar diaschisis, and the converse occurrence of neocortical hypometabolism following cerebellar damage, is discussed in light of imaging studies demonstrating the coupling between these structures during specific cognitive tasks. Then, using the pattern of cerebellar activation in verbal working memory as a model, experiments are reviewed that demonstrate a specific topology of the functional connectivity of the cerebellum and the neocortex, leading to the hypothesis that the articulatory control system may be mediated by a frontal cortex-superior cer...
Analysis of levitation of saturated liquid droplets on permeable surfaces

Abstract Steady-state evaporation of a saturated liquid droplet and its levitation over a solid surface due to momentum-induced pressure in the vapor film is studied by solving the axisymmetric governing equation numerically. A previous one-dimensional analysis shows that the distance (or gap) between the solid surface and the droplet decreases when the vapor can penetrate the solid. For porous layers, this onedimensional analysis which is based on Brinkman's extension to Darcy's law predicts momentum boundary layer thicknesses of the order of the square root of the permeability. In typical porous solids, this thickness is smaller than the pore or particle size. In the present study the Beavers-Joseph semi-empirical boundary condition at the interface of the plain (i.e. vapor underneath the droplet) and permeable layers is used instead of this one-dimensional model. The reduction in the gap size with respect to variations in permeability and thickness of the porous layer is determined for the ranges where this boundary condition is valid. The effect of vapor escape through the bottom surface of the porous layer is also studied. This axisymmetric model predicts an asymptotic value for the slip velocity and the gap size as the permeability increases beyond a certain value. This failure of the model to predict the collapse of the droplet is due to the breakdown of the Beavers-Joseph interfacial condition for high permeabilities. However, for practical applications the surface roughness is expected to dominate when the gap size approaches zero. The onedimensional model, i.e. the Brinkman extension, on the other hand, predicts an unrealistic rapid drop of the gap size when the permeability is increased beyond a certain value, because of the assumption of equal pressure gradients in the porous and plain layers.
Family-Centered Developmentally Supportive Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Exploring the Role and Training of Child Life Specialists

Child life specialists provide family-centered, developmentally supportive care for infants in the NICU. However, there is limited research concerning this role. Using an online survey, this study explores child life specialists’ responsibilities in the NICU, training received for this work, and perception of team integration. Results indicate the top three tasks performed were sibling support, palliative care/bereavement support, and family education. Developmental care tasks were ranked foremost for time prioritization. Training regarding NICU role was achieved through assorted methods. Less than half respondents felt integrated with the interdisciplinary team. Recommendations for specialized training and research implications are outlined.
Perceptions of self-disclosers: Effects of sex and physical attractiveness1

Five experiments were conducted to study perceptions of self-disclosure by attractive and unattractive males and females. Results showed that highly disclosing females were preferred over females with medium or low self-disclosure when their self-disclosure was about a parental suicide or about sexual attitudes. Highly disclosing females were evaluated less favorably than females with medium self-disclosure when their self-disclosure was about aggressive feelings of competitiveness. Highly disclosing males were evaluated less favorably than males with medium and low self-disclosure on all disclosure topics. Disclosers with high physical attractiveness were evaluated more favorably than disclosers with low physical attractiveness, but there was considerable variation among subject populations.
On School Choice and Test-Based Accountability.

Among the two most prominent school reform measures currently being implemented in The United States are school choice and test-based accountability. Until recently, the two policy initiatives remained relatively distinct from one another. With the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), a mutualism between choice and accountability emerged whereby school choice complements test-based accountability. In the first portion of this study we present a conceptual overview of school choice and test-based accountability and explicate connections between the two that are explicit in reform implementations like NCLB or implicit within the market-based reform literature in which school choice and test-based accountability reside. In the second portion we scrutinize the connections, in particular, between school choice and test-based accountability using a large western school district with a popular choice system in place. Data from three sources are combined to explore the ways in which school choice and test-based accountability draw on each other: state assessment data of children in the district, school choice data for every participating student in the district choice program, and a parental survey of both participants and non-participants of choice asking their attitudes concerning the use of school report cards in the district. Results suggest that choice is of benefit academically to only the lowest achieving students, choice participation is not uniform across different ethnic groups in the district, and parents' primary motivations as reported on a survey for participation in choice are not due to test scores, though this is not consistent with choice preferences among parents in the district. As such, our results generally confirm the hypotheses of choice critics more so than advocates. Keywords: school choice; accountability; student testing.
Synthesis of fullerenes in hydrocarbon flames assisted by a glow discharge

The results of studying the synthesis of fullerenes in a benzene-oxygen premixed flame assisted by a glow discharge and additionally heated by an external acetylene-oxygen flame are presented. It is demonstrated that the joint action of the external flame and glow discharge decreases the yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and increases the yield of fullerenes.
SpHbox7, a new Abd‐B class homeobox gene from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: Insights into the evolution of hox gene expression and function

Hox genes, by virtue of their key functions in axial patterning, have long been thought to be pivotal players in the evolution of developmental mechanisms. Despite their potential importance in evolution, there is little information about Hox genes in animal groups that are most closely related to ancestral Chordates. Accordingly, we have taken the step of analyzing Hox gene expression and function in the sea urchin embryo, whose simple bilateral body plan is thought to resemble that of a stem organism in the Chordate lineage. Here we describe the isolation, sequences analysis and spatiotemporal expression pattern of a sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) Abd-B-like gene, designated SpHbox7. We show that this gene is one of at least two Abd-B-like genes in the S. purpuratus genome, a result that argues against the simple hypothesis that Hox gene duplications occurred only during the evolution of the chordates. SpHbox7 transcripts are first detectable in midblastula stage embryos, increase in amount during gastrulation, decline slightly by the pluteus stage, and are not detectable in any tissue of the adult. Whole mount in situ hybridization and antibody staining with an SpHbox7-specific antibody reveal that both SpHbox7 mRNA and protein are present throughout the embryo in the blastula. Subsequently, they are localized in the invaginating archenteron, secondary mesenchyme, and oral ectoderm. By the pluteus larva stage, SpHbox7 protein and mRNA are present in the gut, larval arms, and portions of the oral ectoderm. This complex and dynamic expression pattern suggests that SpHbox7 has a role in the patterning of the gut, the mesoderm, and the oral surface.
TIME MODES AND LINEAR SYSTEMS

Abstract A vector space approach for generating the response of linear multi-degree-of-freedom time-invariant and time-varying dynamic systems using Hamilton's law of varying action (HLVA) is presented. The boundary (initial) condition constraints on the temporal-basis-function expansions of the time-dependent variables has been removed, while preserving HLVA in its original form. This provides for the broadest choice of basis functions. As a result of this new approach, it has been demonstrated that the response of dynamic systems are composed of temporal modes herein denoted as fundamental-time modes (FTM). Using these fundamental-time-modes, the general solution for the system response is obtained without reference to initial conditions or forcing functions. The unique response of the system is subsequently generated by using the initial conditions and forcing functions to scale the FTM. This new approach is demonstrated to provide the exact analytical response, as well as provide accurate numerical response solutions to a forced-damped-spring–mass system, using admissible temporal-basis functions (TBF). The numerical response solutions using Gaussian radial basis functions, are compared to those obtained by using power-series and third order Hermite polynomials. The new methodology, which will be referred to as the universal method, in conjunction with Gaussian TBF has permitted use of transition intervals (ordinarily referred to as time steps) of unprecedented length (larger than the period of the motion) while still maintaining an accurate response solution.
Infants’ behaviors as antecedents and consequents of mothers’ responsive and directive utterances

To investigate possible influences on and consequences of mothers’ speech, specific infant behaviors preceding and following four pragmatic categories of mothers’ utterances – responsive utterances...
Hemodynamic and metabolic diffuse optical monitoring in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia

Murine hindlimb ischemia is a useful model for investigation of the mechanisms of peripheral arterial disease and for understanding the role of endothelial cells and generic factors affecting vascular regeneration or angiogenesis. To date, important research with these models has explored tissue reperfusion following ischemia with Laser Doppler methods, methods which provide information about superficial (~mm) vascular regeneration. In this work, we employ diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) in mice after hindlimb ischemia. We hypothesize that vascular re-growth is not uniform in tissue, and therefore, since diffuse optical methods are capable of probing deep tissues, that the diffuse optics approach will provide a more complete picture of the angiogenesis process throughout the whole depth profile of the limb. Besides increased depth penetration, the combined measurements of DCS and DOS enable all-optical, noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of tissue perfusion and oxygenation that reveals the interplay between these hemodynamic parameters during angiogenesis. Control mice were found to reestablish 90% of perfusion and oxygen consumption during this period, but oxygen saturation in the limb only partially recovered to about 30% of its initial value. The vascular recovery of mice with endothelial cell-specific deletion of HIF-2α was found to be significantly impaired relative to control mice, indicating that HIF-2α is important for endothelial cell functions in angiogenesis. Comparison of DOS/DCS measurements to parallel measurements in the murine models using Laser Doppler Flowmetry reveal differences in the reperfusion achieved by superficial versus deep tissue during neoangiogenesis; findings from histological analysis of blood vessel development were further correlated with these differences. In general, the combination of DCS and DOS enables experimenters to obtain useful information about oxygenation, metabolism, and perfusion throughout the limb. The results establish diffuse optics as a practical noninvasive method to evaluate the role of transcription factors, such as the endothelial cell-specific HIF-2α, in genetic ally modified mice.
Complications and survival of multilumen central venous catheters used for total parenteral nutrition

In a prospective study of 879 triple-lumen catheters, 219 pulmonary artery catheters, 31 double-lumen and six single-lumen catheters used for the administration of total parenteral nutrition over a 1-year period, the overall complication rate was 12.5 per cent (14.7 complications per 1000 catheter-days) and the catheter-related sepsis rate 4.4 per cent (5.2 per 1000 catheter-days). The probability of development of catheter-related sepsis did not increase with the duration of catheterization. There were no differences in the rate of complications associated with 427 catheters changed by replacement at a new site compared with 159 lines changed over a guidewire. These data support the use of multilumen central venous catheters for the administration of total parenteral nutrition. They suggest that a routine weekly change of line is unnecessary; catheters should be changed only on the development of a complication. When it is required, a catheter should be changed by replacement over a guidewire.
Susceptibility of Mycobacteria to Rifampin

Abstract The Mycobacterium species M. tuberculosis, M. avium-intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. fortuitum, M. terrae, and M. gordonae were analyzed for their susceptibility to rifampin. M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, and M. marinum were susceptible to the antibiotic, and resistant populations developed as a result of the interplay of mutation and selection. The mutation rates (susceptibility → resistance) were calculated to be 4.9 × 10−10 and 1.7 × 10−9 mutations per bacterium per generation in, respectively, M. kansasii and M. marinum. M. fortuitum was found to be naturally resistant to the antibiotic, whereas the nature of resistance in the other species was unclear and is discussed.
Platelet norepinephrine and serotonin balance in migraine.

SYNOPSIS Platelet serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in common and classic migraine patients and healthy controls. Common migraine sufferers had high NE levels and a low 5-HT/NE ratio. Classic migraine patients had a high 5-HT level and a high 5-HT/NE ratio. The data suggest disparate NE and 5-HT metabolism between common and classic migraine.
Internet financial reporting: The effects of information presentation format and content differences on investor decision making

Internet financial reporting provides investors with several options regarding which type of financial disclosures to view and the format in which to view these. However, research suggests that these options may result in unintended cognitive effects leading to less optimal decision making. Accordingly, this study examines the individual and joint impact of presentation format and information content on nonprofessional investors' decision making within the Internet financial reporting environment. Alternative presentation formats which vary in their navigational flexibility are studied to isolate the effects attributable to each format. Specifically, hyperlinked financial information is compared to paper-based financial information. The effects of information content differences are also examined by investigating whether an unaudited letter from a company's management differentially affects hyperlink and paper users' investment judgments. We conduct an experiment in which graduate business students, proxies for nonprofessional investors, make financial investment-related judgments and decisions. Our results show that hyperlink users used less effort on the investment task than users of paper-based information. Furthermore, the management letter influenced the paper-based users' forward-looking judgments more so than the hyperlink users. The findings have implications for academic research, financial disclosure regulation and information systems design.
The role of urine marking in the foraging behaviour of least chipmunks.

Abstract Least chipmunksTamias minimus, occasionally deposit urine on buried patches of seeds after sampling the patch, a behaviour never before reported for rodents. The results of these experiments show that (1) patch-marking is a deliberate act, bearing no resemblance to routine excretion, (2) marking deters both the marker and conspecifics from harvesting attempts, (3) chipmunks can discriminate their own marks from those of others, and (4) the incidence of marking in the wild is at least as frequent, and its deterrent effect as strong as in the laboratory. Although the message conveyed by a mark is clearly exploited by conspecifics, and may benefit kin, the results accord best with prevailing theory advanced for canids, that an olfactory reminder of patch value improves the marker’s foraging efficiency.
Conformational control of propeller-like chirality in Zn(II) complexes: Tightly balanced steric bias

Abstract The conformational behavior of a series of chiral tripodal ligand-Zn(II) complexes was examined. The ligands adopt propeller-like conformations upon complexation of trigonal bipyramidal metal ions such as Zn(II), with the chirality of the propeller determined by the absolute configuration of a single chiral center in one of the tripod arms. Surprisingly, increasing the size of the substituent in the chiral arm did not improve the geometrical definition of the complexes, as indicated by the circular dichroism spectra of the complexes.
Diffusion of Nitroxide Spin Probes at the Alumina/Cyclohexane Interface

Abstract The diffusion of adsorbed paramagnetic spin probes at the solid–liquid interface was studied using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) with 7-doxyl stearic acid as the probe. The changes in the localization of these probes at the interface was monitored by variations in the spin exchange line broadening of the ESR spectrum. These studies revealed that the introduction of fresh adsorption sites or a competing adsorbate causes a redistribution of the probe. However, temperature was found to have no significant effect on the probe localization.
Quantum Mechanical Dynamical Effects in an Enzyme-Catalyzed Proton Transfer Reaction

We have calculated the reaction rate and kinetic isotope effects for conversion of 2-phospho-d-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate by yeast enolase. The potential energy surface is modeled by a combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method with generalized hybrid orbitals. The dynamics calculations are carried out by semiclassical variational transition state theory with multidimensional tunneling contributions. Quantum effects are included for a 25-atom cluster consisting of the substrate and part of the protein embedded in a rigid framework consisting of the rest of the protein and water. Quantum effects are important for calculating the absolute rate constant, and variational optimization of the dynamical bottleneck location is important for calculating the kinetic isotope effects. This provides the first evidence that transition state geometries are isotope dependent for enzyme reactions.
Decreased Shock Lethality in Rats with Surfactant-Treated Endotoxin

SummaryPrior incubation of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide with varying concentrations of Triton X100, Tween 20, sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurocholate, and sodium lauryl sulfate markedly reduced lethality of the lead-sensitized rat in endotoxin shock. The inactivation process did not proceed at 4° in comparison to reduction in toxicity during 37° incubation. The possibility of a surfactant serving the physiological reticuloendothelial detoxifying system is presented.
Prediction of instabilities at the atomic scale

Atomic-scale instabilities, in which atomic bonds are broken and reform as the body shifts into a lower-energy configuration, are responsible for a wide range of material behaviours of interest. Building upon previous work, we outline here the construction of a criterion for the prediction of such instabilities. The criterion is implemented within the context of the well-known embedded atom method family of interatomic potentials. We present two examples of the application of this criterion: oriented cavitation in an FCC crystal due to uniform triaxial stretching and dislocation nucleation due to nanoindentation of the (0 0 1) face of an FCC crystal.
Priming of pop-out: I. Role of features

We examined a visual search task, in which observers responded to the high-acuity aspect of a popout target (shape of an odd-colored diamond or vernier offset of an odd spatial-frequency patch). Repetition of the attention-driving feature (color or spatial frequency) in this task primes the popout; repetition of the high-acuity aspect (shape, vernier offset) does not. Priming of pop-out is due to a decaying memory trace of the attention-focusing feature laid down with each trial. The trace exerts a diminishing effect over the following five to eight trials (≈30 sec), and its influence over this time is cumulative. Observers cannot willfully overcome the priming, which suggests that it is passive and autonomous. Both target facilitation and distractor inhibition are evident; the former has a greater effect. The phenomenon shows complete binocular transfer.
Submicron patterns in substituted polystyrene resists by focused-ion-beam lithography

Submicron lines in negative working, substituted polystyrene resists by focused-ion-beam lithography were demonstrated. These features were transferred into an underlying molybdenum layer by plasma etching using the resist as an etch mask, with the minimum continuous line having a width of 0.20 μm.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Model for Temperature-Emissivity Separation of Long-Wave Hyperspectral Images

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral imagers (HSI) image a scene by collecting high-resolution spectra at each pixel. The data are similar to a camera image but have a large number of narrow spectral bands rather than the familiar broad three bands of red-green-blue in a traditional digital camera. Materials in LWIR are emissive (rather than reflective) and have unique spectra that can be used for material detection and identification. The measured spectra are a convolution of the material spectra (emissivity), the black body temperature (Planck curve), other interacting environmental spectral sources, and measurement error. One approach to material identification is temperature-emissivity separation (TES), which separates or deconvolves the material spectra from the temperature curve. To accomplish this task, we develop a unique flexible model which combines the mathematical model of the physical processes within a Bayesian nonparametric framework. In addition to offering interpretable estimates of mo...
Trust-suspicion and gender differences in interpersonal functioning

Abstract Responses on self-report questionnaires (Study 1) and in a dyadic game (Study 2) were observed to investigate relationships of trust-suspicion (T-S), locus of control (I-E), and situational contingencies to styles of interpersonal functioning. Generalized T-S predicted cooperative/competitive interactional choices among the male college student samples ( p ⩽ .01). However, T-S predicted females' interpersonal behaviors only when they were in a reactive, defensive position. T-S did not relate to actual behaviors when females were allowed to select/initiate cooperative or competitive exchanges. Situational rules ( p ⩽ .025) and I-E ( p ⩽ .01) predicted all subjects' behaviors when in a choice, but not defensive, position.
Availability of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Coagonists Affects Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Locomotor Sensitization: Implications for Comorbid Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse.

Schizophrenia is associated with high prevalence of substance abuse. Recent research suggests that dysregulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function may play a role in the pathophysiology of both schizophrenia and drug addiction, and thus, may account for this high comorbidity. Our laboratory has developed two transgenic mouse lines that exhibit contrasting NMDAR activity based on the availability of the glycine modulatory site (GMS) agonists d-serine and glycine. Glycine transporter 1 knockdowns (GlyT1+/−) exhibit NMDAR hyperfunction, whereas serine racemase knockouts (SR−/−) exhibit NMDAR hypofunction. We characterized the behavior of these lines in a cocaine-induced (20 mg/kg) conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization paradigm. Compared with wild-type mice, GlyT1+/− mice displayed hastened extinction of CPP and robust cocaine-induced reinstatement. SR−/− mice appeared to immediately “forget” the learned preference, because they did not exhibit cocaine-induced reinstatement and also displayed attenuated locomotor sensitization. Treatment of GlyT1+/− mice with gavestinel (10 mg/kg on day 1; 5 mg/kg on days 2–17), a GMS antagonist, attenuated cocaine-induced CPP and caused them to immediately “forget” the learned preference. Treatment of SR−/− mice with d-serine (300 mg/kg on day 1; 150 mg/kg on days 2–17) to normalize brain levels caused them to avoid the cocaine-paired side of the chamber during extinction. These results highlight NMDAR dysfunction as a possible neural mechanism underlying comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse. Also, these findings suggest drugs that directly or indirectly activate the NMDAR GMS could be an effective treatment of cocaine abuse.
Models of Oculomotor Control

Introduction: Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Eye Movements Basic Measurement Terms Basic Control System Concepts Eye Movement Measurement Techniques Static Analysis Techniques: Accommodation System Vergence Systems Linear Analysis of Relationship Between AC and ACG Nonlinear Analysis of AC/A Using the Phoria and Fixation Disparity Methods Proximal Model Sensitivity Analysis of Accommodation and Vergence Interactions Dynamic Analysis Techniques: Accommodation System - Root Locus Analysis Vergence Dual-Mode Dynamic Model Accommodative Dual-Mode Dynamic Characteristics Adaptation Model of Accommodation and Vergence Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) Model Refractive Error Development Model Saccade-Vergence Interactions Dynamic Model.
Induction of epinephrine-forming enzyme by glucocorticoids: steroid hydroxylation and inductive effect.

THE mammalian adrenal gland consists of two anatomically distinct regions; the inner medulla composed largely of catecholamine-producing chromaffin cells, and the outer cortex containing cells that secrete steroid hormones. Although these two adrenal components are derived from different primary germ layers, they come into close contact during embryonic life through an unusual process of tissue migration. Adrenaline is formed in the adrenal medulla through the N-methylation of noradrenaline1. This process is catalysed by an enzyme, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT), which is highly concentrated in adrenal chromaffin cells2 and also present in several areas of the brain3. PNMT activity is stimulated in the rat4–6 and the dog7 by hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex.
Effect of biological alterations of type I 5'deiodinase activity on affinity labeled membrane proteins in rat liver and kidney.

Type I iodothyronine 5’deiodinase (5’D-I) is a membrane-bound enzyme catalyzing the deiodination of T4 to T3. The affinity label, iV-bromoacetyl-thyroxine (BrAcT4), has previously been used to characterize a 27 kilodalton protein (p27) from rat liver and kidney microsomes with characteristics of the catalytic subunit of the 5’D-I. We examined the effect of physiological conditions, known to alter 5’D-I activity, on affinity- labeled proteins in rat liver and kidney microsomes. To confirm that the affinity labeled protein was associated with the deiodinase, we treated rats with the active site directed enzyme inhibitor, propylthiouracil (PTU), in the absence and presence of 100-fold excess methimazole (MMI), an antithyroid drug which blocks PTU inhibition of 5’D-I in vivo. In addition, we used the affinity label as a probe to measure 5’D-I levels in membrane preparations from short and long term fasted rats. Rats were treated ip with PTU (50 μg/100 g BW) or MMI (5 mg/100 g BW); in a second experiment, grou...
Toward the infrared spectroscopic observation of SiH+5: the silanium ion

Ab initio quantum mechanical methods, including the self-consistent field, single and double excitation configuration interaction, and single and double excitation coupled cluster, have been applied to six stationary points on the SiH+5 potential energy hypersurface. Equilibrium geometries were determined using analytic energy first derivative techniques. Relative energies of stationary points have been obtained. Harmonic vibrational frequencies of the global minimum were obtained at all levels of theory. Basis sets used include double-zeta plus polarization and triple-zeta plus double polarization. SiH+5 should be regarded as involving weakly bound H2 and SiH+3 subunits, with a dissociation energy of only about 10 kcal/mol. Pseudorotation was found to be unfavorable in the SiH+5 ion.