cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni: species-selective response to N-chloroethyl-acetylcholine derivatives.

Abstract Three new acetylcholine mustard analogs were tested on schislosome and vertebrate neuromuscular preparations. These compounds extend a previously reported structure-activity series. The new compounds investigated include isopropyl-, cyclohexyl-, and benzyl-2-acetoxyethyl-2′-chloroethylamine (PrM, ChM, and BzM). In schistosome motor activity studies, all of the compounds caused irreversible reductions in the activity of Schistosoma mansoni after 1 hr exposure followed by 19 hr in drug-free medium. Under nonlethal conditions of dosage and exposure time, all compounds blocked carbachol-induced paralysis, indicating a possible action at schistosome cholinergic sites. All the compounds also reduced the labeling of schistosomes by dimethylaminonapthalene-5-sulfonamidoethyl dimethylamine hydrochloride (DDNS), a fluorescent ACh analog. In isolated vertebrate tissue experiments, PrM and ChM had slight agonist activity in the guinea pig ileum, and only PrM had agonist activity in the frog rectus abdominis preparation. PrM and BzM were found to antagonize ACh responses in the guinea pig ileum. Exposure of vertebrate tissues for 1 hr to high concentrations of ChM caused no long-lasting inhibition of ACh, pilocarpine, and serotonin (5HT) responses. Histamine responses were slightly reduced from control. Following 1 hr exposure of vertebrate tissues to PrM, initial reductions in all responses were seen, followed by recoveries to near control. BzM treatment, however, reduced all responses far below control; the tissues did not recover even after washing for 2 hr. It is concluded that ChM and, to a lesser extent, PrM, had a greater effect on schistosomes than on vertebrate tissues. BzM did not display species selectivity in this favorable direction.
Modeling Thermal Fatigue in CPV Cell Assemblies

@font-face {font-family: "Arial";}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div. MsoNormal {margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";}div. Section1 {page: Section1;} A finite element model has been created to quantify the thermal fatigue damage of the CPV die attach. Simulations are used to compare to results of empirical thermal fatigue equations originally developed for accelerated chamber cycling. While the empirical equations show promise when extrapolated to the lower temperature cycles characterisitic of weather-induced temperature changes in the CPV die attach, it is demonstrated that their damage does not accumulate linearly: the damage a particular cycle contributes depends on the preceding cycles. Simulations of modeled CPV cell temperature histories provided for direct comparison of the FEM and empirical methods, and for calculation of equivalent times provided by standard accelerated test sequences.
Fahrenheit 9-11, Need for Closure and the Priming of Affective Ambivalence: An Assessment of Intra-affective Structures by Party Identification

This study extends priming research in political communication by focusing on an alternative political information source (i.e., Michael Moore’s Fahrenheit 9-11), affect rather than cognitions, and the existence of intra-affective ambivalence. In addition, two moderator variables are analyzed: political party identification and need for closure. There is a statically significant three-way interaction between the viewing of F 9-11, political party identification, and need for closure relative to the dependent variable of affective ambivalence toward George W. Bush. High need for closure Republicans who viewed F 9-11 exhibited pronounced levels of Bush-affective ambivalence. In addition, high need for closure Independents who viewed F 9-11 exhibited far lower ambivalence toward Bush relative to their control group peers. The findings are discussed relative to the roles performed by emerging alternative political media and the expansion of the theory of priming within the context of political communication.
Localization and Characterization of X Chromosome Inversion Breakpoints Separating Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonae

Ectopic exchange between transposable elements or other repetitive sequences along a chromosome can produce chromosomal inversions. As a result, genome sequence studies typically find sequence similarity between corresponding inversion breakpoint regions. Here, we identify and investigate the breakpoint regions of the X chromosome inversion distinguishing Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonae. We localize one inversion breakpoint to 13.7 kb and localize the other to a 1-Mb interval. Using this localization and assuming microsynteny between Drosophila melanogaster and D. arizonae, we pinpoint likely positions of the inversion breakpoints to windows of less than 3000 bp. These breakpoints define the size of the inversion to approximately 11 Mb. However, in contrast to many other studies, we fail to find significant sequence similarity between the 2 breakpoint regions. The localization of these inversion breakpoints will facilitate future genetic and molecular evolutionary studies in this species group, an emerging model system for ecological genetics.
Dynamic anatomic relationship of the esophagus and trachea on sonography: implications for endotracheal tube confirmation in children

Objectives Sonographic visualization of an empty esophagus to confirm endotracheal tube placement during intubation may be more reliable than identifying an endotracheal tube within the trachea. Our objective was to determine the frequency in which the normal empty esophagus can be identified at or below the level of the cricoid ring in children. Methods A prospective cohort of children and young adults presenting to the emergency department were examined by sonography to determine the dynamic anatomic relationship of the trachea and esophagus at or below the level of the cricoid ring. For children with the esophagus behind or partially behind the trachea, cricoid pressure was applied using a linear array transducer to visualize the presence of lateral sliding of the esophagus from behind the trachea. Results A total of 55 patients 21 years or younger were examined; 51% (28) were male. Sixty-two percent (34) had esophagi positioned partially to the left of the cricoid ring, 20% (11) completely to the left of the cricoid ring, 16% (9) behind the cricoid ring, and 2% (1) partially to the right of the cricoid ring. When cricoid pressure was applied using the ultrasound transducer, the esophagus was visualized lateral to the trachea in all patients (54 to the left and 1 to the right; n = 55 of 55; 95% confidence interval, 94%-100%). Conclusions With cricoid pressure applied using a linear transducer, the esophagus was visualized lateral to the trachea in all children and young adults. Visualizing an empty esophagus by point-of-care sonography may be feasible to confirm endotracheal tube placement by a process of elimination.
Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) Disposition and Co-Localization of Immune Cells in Hair Follicles

Diisocyanates (dNCOs) are potent chemical allergens utilized in various industries. It has been proposed that skin exposure to dNCOs produces immune sensitization leading to work-related asthma and allergic disease. We examined dNCOs sensitization by using a dermal murine model of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure to characterize the disposition of TDI in the skin, identify the predominant haptenated proteins, and discern the associated antigen uptake by dendritic cells. Ears of BALB/c mice were dosed once with TDI (0.1% or 4% v/v acetone). Ears and draining lymph nodes (DLNs) were excised at selected time points between 1 h and 15 days post-exposure and were processed for histological, immunohistochemical, and proteomic analyses. Monoclonal antibodies specific for TDI-haptenated protein (TDI-hp) and antibodies to various cell markers were utilized with confocal microscopy to determine co-localization patterns. Histopathological changes were observed following exposure in ear tissue of mice dosed with 4% TDI/acetone. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated TDI-hp localization in the stratum corneum, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. TDI-hp were co-localized with CD11b(+) (integrin αM/Mac-1), CD207(+) (langerin), and CD103(+) (integrin αE) cells in the hair follicles and in sebaceous glands. TDI-hp were also identified in the DLN 1 h post-exposure. Cytoskeletal and cuticular keratins along with mouse serum albumin were identified as major haptenated species in the skin. The results of this study demonstrate that the stratum corneum, hair follicles, and associated sebaceous glands in mice are dendritic cell accessible reservoirs for TDI-hp and thus identify a mechanism for immune recognition following epicutaneous exposure to TDI.
Diffraction by cylindrical reflectors

The electromagnetic diffraction problem is formulated in terms of the determination of the currents induced on a refiector-scatterer by a primary source. All field quantities are readily determined therefrom. An approximate solution ignores the interaction of currents on the refiector-scatterer in that it relates the surface current to the incident magnetic field. This is the geometrical-optics current. For the strip and circular reflector with line source at its centre, corrections to the geometrical-optics currents are obtained by an approximate analytic technique. In each case this yields an equivalent line current at the edges. The field of the line current is non-isotropic; its directional gain is determined by appealing to the Sommerfeld half-plane solution. The line currents do not greatly affect the total pattern; this indicates that the main character of the diffraction can be obtained from the geometrical-optics currents. Measurements of the diffracted field of a circular cylindrical reflector with line feed at its centre were made in a parallel-plane device. A description of some of the features of the equipment is given. The results confirm that geometrical-optics currents are themselves satisfactory, but are inconclusive with respect to the correction line currents.
Electromagnetic activity and absorption in microwave chiral composites

The sense of rotation of the polarisation direction of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a chiral medium depends on the handedness of the medium. At certain frequencies, a phenomenon called the Cotton effect (in optics) occurs when the angle of rotation rapidly increases or decreases or even changes sign. This effect has been observed in artificial chiral composites fashioned by embedding chiral inclusions (miniature metallic helices) in an epoxy host medium in the 8–40 GHz frequency range. The ellipticity and rotation angle of the elliptically polarised transmitted wave and the power absorbed in nine samples (three volume concentrations with left, right and racemic samples containing helices of the same size) are measured using a free space set up. The handedness of the microstructure of a chiral material can be experimentally determined by studying the Cotton effect curves. The Cotton effect is observed in the frequency region where maximum electromagnetic power absorption occurs. At maximum power absorption, the characteristic frequency is 28.45 GHz and the ratio of the one turn length of the helix to average wavelength L/λc is 0.6037, an average value obtained for all nine samples. This is a useful parameter in the design of microwave chiral absorbers.
A Comprehensive, Model-Based Review of Vaccine and Repeat Infection Trials for Filariasis

SUMMARY Filarial worms cause highly morbid diseases such as elephantiasis and river blindness. Since the 1940s, researchers have conducted vaccine trials in 27 different animal models of filariasis. Although no vaccine trial in a permissive model of filariasis has provided sterilizing immunity, great strides have been made toward developing vaccines that could block transmission, decrease pathological sequelae, or decrease susceptibility to infection. In this review, we have organized, to the best of our ability, all published filaria vaccine trials and reviewed them in the context of the animal models used. Additionally, we provide information on the life cycle, disease phenotype, concomitant immunity, and natural immunity during primary and secondary infections for 24 different filaria models.
Video Production as an Instructional Strategy: Content Learning and Teacher Practice

This study examined teacher-learners’ reflections about the use of video production in their K-12 classrooms for evidence of content learning, the factors facilitating teacher use of video production, and the challenges teachers reported. Findings demonstrated positive content learning outcomes as measured by objective tests, rubrics, and anecdotal evidence. Integrating video production facilitated connections to content, student motivation and engagement, the use of alternative assessment, and shifts in teacher identity. Challenges faced by teachers included issues related to equipment, logistics, and time. The study concludes that video production, when understood as an instructional strategy and not as an object of study, has an important role to play in K-12 content learning.
Accuracy of upper thoracic pedicle screw placement using three-dimensional image guidance.

Abstract Background context Pedicle screw malposition rates using conventional techniques have been reported to occur with a frequency of 6% to 41%. The upper thoracic spine (T1–T3) is a challenging area for pedicle screw placement secondary to the small size of the pedicles, the inability to visualize this area with lateral fluoroscopy, and significant consequences for malpositioned screws. We describe our experience placing 150 pedicle screws in the T1–T3 levels using three-dimensional (3D) image guidance. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of 3D image guidance for placing pedicle screws in the first three thoracic vertebrae. Study design The accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the first three thoracic vertebrae was evaluated using postoperative thin-section computed tomography (CT) scans of the cervicothoracic region. Patient sample Thirty-four patients who underwent cervicothoracic fusion were included. Outcome measures Radiological investigation with CT scans was performed during the postoperative period. Methods Thirty-four consecutive patients underwent cervicothoracic instrumentation and fusion for a total of 150 pedicle screws placed in the first three thoracic vertebrae. All screws were placed using 3D image guidance. Medical records and postoperative imaging of the cervicothoracic junction for each patient were retrospectively reviewed. An independent radiologist reviewed the placement of the pedicle screws and assessed for pedicle breach. All cortical violations were reported as Grade 1, 0 to 2 mm; Grade 2, 2 to 4 mm; and Grade 3, greater than 4 mm. Results Overall, 140 (93.3%) out of 150 screws were contained solely in the desired pedicle. All 10 pedicle violations were Grade 1. The direction of pedicle violation included three medial, four inferior, two superior, and one minor anterolateral vertebral body. No complication occurred as a result of screw placement or the use of image guidance. Conclusions Upper thoracic pedicle screw placement is technically demanding as a result of variable pedicle anatomy and difficulty with two-dimensional visualization. This study demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of 3D image guidance when placing pedicle screws in this region. Advantages of this technology in our practice include safe and accurate placement of spinal instrumentation with little to no radiation exposure to the surgeon and operating room staff.
Inhibition of myostatin signaling increases glucose in insulin-deficient diabetic mice

Background Myostatin (MSTN), a TGF-b superfamily member, is a negative regulator of muscle mass that plays an important role in metabolism. Mstn KO mice have increased muscle mass, reduced adipose mass and improved insulin sensitivity. We have recently shown that MSTN inhibition in muscle prevents the development of diabetes in a mouse model of lipodystrophy. Whether inhibition of MSTN in a type I diabetes model would improve hyperglycemia is unknown.
Oxygen sensing by the carotid body chemoreceptors

Carotid bodies are sensory organs that detect changes in arterial blood oxygen, and the ensuing reflexes are critical for maintaining homeostasis during hypoxemia. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made toward understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying oxygen sensing at the carotid body. The purpose of this minireview is to highlight some recent concepts on sensory transduction and transmission at the carotid body. A bulk of evidence suggests that glomus (type I) cells are the initial site of transduction and that they release transmitters in response to hypoxia, which causes depolarization of nearby afferent nerve endings, leading to an increase in sensory discharge. There are two main hypotheses to explain the transduction process that triggers transmitter release. One hypothesis assumes that a biochemical event associated with a heme protein triggers the transduction cascade. The other hypothesis suggests that a K(+) channel protein is the oxygen sensor and that inhibition of this channel by hypoxia leading to depolarization is a seminal event in transduction. Although there is body of evidence supporting and questioning each of these, this review will try to point out that the truth lies somewhere in an interrelation between the two. Several transmitters have been identified in glomus cells, and they are released in response to hypoxia. However, their precise roles in sensory transmission remain uncertain. It is hoped that future studies involving transgenic animals with targeted disruption of genes encoding transmitters and their receptors may resolve some of the key issues surrounding the sensory transmission at the carotid body. Further studies are necessary to identify whether a single sensor or multiple oxygen sensors are needed for the transduction process.
The Micro-Politics of Trouble

This paper proposes a natural history framework for analyzing interactional processes through which personal difficulties or troubles are identified, reacted to, elaborated, and perhaps transformed into a specific sort of deviance. These processes center around efforts to do something about or remedy the trouble, and are critically shaped by the nature and direction of the intervention of some outside, usually official party. The form a trouble ultimately assumes is in large part a product of micro-political struggles for the support and legitimation of such official agents.
Nematode parasites of Puerto Rican tree frogs, Eleutherodactylus spp: two new species and a proposal of Poekilostrongylus gen. nov. (Trichostrongylidae).

Poekilostrongylus puertoricensis gen.nov., sp.nov. is proposed for nematodes recovered from Eleutherodactylus coqui, in Puerto Rico. The new genus is similar to Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917, but lacks longitudinal ridges on the cuticle. Oswaldocruzia lenteixierai Viqueras, 1938, is partially redescribed, and a key to the genera of the Oswaldocruziinae is given. Thelandros (Parathelandros) garciai sp.nov. is described from E. antillensis and E. portoricensis. Strongyloides sp. was found in E. antillensis and Aplectana spp. (females) were recovered from E. locustus, E. richmondi and E. coqui.
A study of blasting recorded in Southern California

Seismographic registration of vibratory earth motion was begun with an experimental torsion seismometer assembly at the laboratories of the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California, in January, 1923. Not long afterward a second assembly was put into experimental operation at the Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics at the California Institute of Technology at Pasadena. With many small, experimental changes in design and adjustment, which led to change in constants and necessitated some interruptions, recording on an experimental basis continued for more than four years. However, in October, 1926, recording was begun with equipment of more permanent form at Riverside and, after a short time, at the Seismological Laboratory at Pasadena in March, 1927, and at Santa Barbara and at La Jolla in May, 1927. After the occupation of the Seismological Laboratory, the experimental recording at the laboratories of the Mount Wilson Observatory and at the Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics was brought to a close in the course of a few months. In April, 1928, recording was begun at the Observatory on Mount Wilson; and in September, 1929, at Tinemaha, and at Haiwee, in the Owens Valley, Inyo County, California. stations, and the heights above sea-level, are given in Table I.
Decentralized robustness

Robustness links confidentiality and integrity properties of a computing system and has been identified as a useful property for characterizing and enforcing security. Previous characterizations of robustness have been with respect to a single idealized attacker; this paper shows how to define robustness for systems with mutual distrust. Further, we demonstrate that the decentralized label model (DLM) can be extended to support fine-grained reasoning about robustness in such systems. The DLM is a natural choice for capturing robustness requirements because decentralized labels are explicitly expressed in terms of principals that can be used to characterize the power of attackers across both the confidentiality and integrity axes. New rules are proposed for statically checking robustness and qualified robustness using an extended DLM; the resulting type system is shown to soundly enforce robustness. Finally, sound approximations are developed for checking programs with bounded but unknown label parameters, which is useful for security-typed languages. In sum, the paper shows how to use robustness to gain assurance about secure information flow and information release in systems with complex security requirements.
Improved point Doppler velocimeter (pDv) turbulence data in circular jets

Accuracy of RMS results for a twocomponent point Doppler velocimeter (pDv) system has been significantly improved in the present work through the use of a focused laser beam and smaller pinholes, to reduce the measurement volume size from about 1-2 mm in diameter to nominally 0.2 mm diameter. Also, vapor-limited iodine cells that are not sensitive to temperature variations have improved the accuracy of mean velocity measurements. Two-component pDv velocity measurements have been obtained for a one inch diameter uniform circular jet flow at a nominal exit velocity of 60 m/sec. These pDv data runs have been compared with hot wire anemometer data and previous pDv data with the larger sample volume size for the same flow conditions. PDv mean velocity results using the new iodine cells were generally repeatable to within approximately 1-2 m/sec, and agree with hot wire data to within 1-3 m/sec. The current pDv RMS results are within 22-28% of hot wire results away from the jet exit. These discrepancies may be due to attenuation of turbulent fluctuations by the seeding smoke particles. The minimum velocity resolution of the pDv system has been improved from 1-1.5 m/sec for the previous system, to nominally 0.3-0.8 m/sec, through the addition of an improved A/D board. A simple error model is described that correctly predicts this minimum velocity *Professor, Associate Fellow "^Graduate Student Copyright ©2001 by J. Kuhlman. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. resolution, based on measurements of photodetector noise levels.
La guirlande térésienne: A nineteenth-century “Teresian bard” sings the praises of Teresa of Avila

This study presents and analyses a newly discovered French manuscript by the nineteenth-century Jesuit Marcel Bouix, a translator, scholar and devotee of Teresa of Avila. In the work, a remarkable series of 19 poems entitled La guirlande teresienne, Bouix praises Teresa and other important Carmelite figures, and displays an intimate familiarity with Teresian spirituality and history. It is a unique document whose equivalent has not been seen elsewhere, and in it Marcel Bouix, already the most productive Teresian scholar in France of his time or of any previous age, sought to make his the definitive French voice of Teresa of Avila.
Convex probe EBUS for centrally located parenchymal lesions without a bronchus sign

Abstract Background Convex probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS) has proven safe and accurate for identifying malignancy and granulomatous disease affecting the mediastinum and hilum. For the diagnosis of parenchymal lung lesions, conventional techniques such as transbronchial biopsy, brush and lavage are useful, particularly when an airway leads directly to the lesion. For centrally located intraparenchymal lesions, CP-EBUS has been shown to be efficacious. Objective To expand on the existing literature in an effort to highlight the important diagnostic role of CP-EBUS in centrally located lesions, particularly those without a bronchus sign. Methods In our cohort of 430 patients undergoing CP-EBUS between 03/2009-03/2012, we retrospectively identified 32 who underwent transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of a centrally located parenchymal lung lesion. All lesions were completely surrounded by lung parenchyma and not visualized during white light bronchoscopy. Diagnostic yield was determined and compared to conventional bronchoscopic biopsy techniques, when performed. Results The mean lesion size was 25.6 mm and 24/32 (75%) lesions were located in the lower lobes. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 27/32 (84.4%) of parenchymal lesions without a bronchus sign biopsied using CP-EBUS. CP-EBUS provided the exclusive method of diagnosis in 15/32 (46.9%) patients in this cohort. Most lesions (26/32) were diagnosed as non-small cell carcinoma. There were no procedural complications. Conclusion CP-EBUS is useful for diagnosing parenchymal lung abnormalities without a bronchus sign, extending its scope beyond mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. It is imperative that physicians performing EBUS maintain this tool as a complement to conventional bronchoscopic techniques.
Research on Integration Testing Method of Secondary Devices in the Intelligent Substation

Because the testing methods of the intelligent substation are very limited and faulty,the author expounds the technical difficulties of intelligent substation testing,analyzes the importance of the integration testing method in the intelligent substation,and puts forward the methods of the integration testing method. Analysis shows that the methods can simplify testing flow,improve working efficiency,and ensure standardization and automation of testing.
Observation of the clinical efficacy of subclinical hypothyroidism, clinical hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and the effection on blood lipid level of subclinical hypothyroidism,clinical hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxin. Methods Collected 144 cases hypothyroidism patients,they were randomly divided into two groups according to the order of treatment, 72 cases in each group.Patients in two groups were both given hypoglycemic,pressure control, expansion of coronary artery and other conventional symptomatic treatment, patients in the observation group were given levothyroxine sodium. The hormone levels and blood lipid levels before and after treatment with the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, FT3, FT4 and TSH levels of the observation group were(6.77±0.72)pmol/L,(13.56±1.52)pmol/L and(3.25±1.20) m IU/L, significantly improved than before treatment and control group;while TC and TG levels were(4.15±0.88)mmol/L and(1.65±0.32)mmol/L, significantly reduced than before treatment and control group,and the difference between the two groups were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism can significantly improve the efficacy of clinical hypothyroidism, thyroid function in patients, and reduce blood lipid levels, worthy clinical widely.
Differences in perceptions of hospital marketing orientation between administrators and marketing officers

Hospital administrators have been struggling for more than a decade to determine the role and proper position for marketing and marketers within their organizations. Results of a study now confirm the expected--administrators and their chief marketing officers do not see the same marketing actions being conducted for their hospitals. The consequence of such perceptual differences in marketing orientation for the role of marketers within the hospital are significant and are discussed in this article. Of particular importance is the finding that the marketing behaviors of the organization as identified by line managers correlate strongly with both revenues (r = .6r for inpatient revenue) and occupancy levels (r = .44). Additionally, it was found that as little as a 10 percent improvement in a hospital's marketing orientation is associated with a $25 million increase in total net patient revenues and an 8 percentage point increase in occupancy rate.
Adults Are Not Just Enormous Children: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

It has often been said that “children are not just tiny adults” to highlight the unique medical needs of children and to set the expectation that physicians who care for children should be trained and educated in pediatric medicine.[1][1] Presumably controversial in the past, this sentiment has
Association Analytics for Network Connectivity in a Bibliographic and Expertise Dataset

This chapter highlights the benefits of semantics for analysis of the collaboration network in a bibliography dataset. The metadata of publications can be used for extracting keywords and terms, which can be the starting point towards building a taxonomy of topics. The aggregated effect of all publications of an author can determine his/her areas of expertise. We highlight the value of using a taxonomy of topics in searching experts on a given topic.
Structural Chemistry of Molybdenum in Metalloenzymes as Elucidated by EXAFS

One of the most important perspectives in the study of metalloproteins is the relationship between chemical structure and function. A vast body of chemical research has shown structure and function to be irrevocably intertwined; it is upon this foundation that a good deal of the predictive power of chemistry rests. This paper describes a new structural tool, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), 1’2’3’4 and its application to the study of the coordination environment of molybdenum in biological systems.
The imperial style: Rhetorical depiction and queen Victoria's diamond jubilee

Through the lens of Michael Osborn's concept of “rhetorical depiction,” this essay examines a very powerful set of imperialist symbols depicted in such a way as to have a lingering impact on the British national psyche. An examination of a representative rhetorical artifact, the Queen's Diamond Jubilee speech and the performative rhetoric of the Jubilee celebration itself, illustrates how rhetorical depiction may play a role in deeply ingraining symbols still capable of driving action. Through presentation, intensification, and identification of imperialism, British perceptions of their place in the world were formed and the ethos of imperialism shaped.
Liquid chromatographic determination of ivermectin in feed at the 2-PPM level : interlaboratory study

An analytical method for the determination of ivermectin in feed at the 2 ppm level was evaluated in an interlaboratory study involving 4 laboratories. The method is based on liquid chromatographic measurement following sample preparation by adsorption chromatography on alumina and solid-phase extraction techniques. Each laboratory analyzed 2 complete, final, finished medicated feeds and the corresponding control feeds used in their preparation. In addition, they also measured recoveries in fortified feeds covering 50-150% of the 2 ppm ivermectin use concentration. The mean recoveries from the replicate analyses reported by the laboratories ranged from 90 to 110% and all coefficients of variation (CVs) were less than 4.5%
Brain Function Associated with Cooccurring Trauma and Depression Symptoms in College Students

ABSTRACTThe goal of this pilot study was to determine if functional brain differences are present among individuals with high and low cooccurring trauma and depression symptoms. This pilot study examined how the P300 latency component of event-related potentials (ERPs), measured using electroencephalography (EEG) while participants performed a go/no-go task, might be associated with cooccurring self-report of trauma and depression symptoms in a sample of college students (N = 38). Alpha-corrected independent sample t tests revealed statistically significant differences in ERP P300 peak latencies between those in the high cooccurring trauma and depression symptoms group (n = 12) and those in the low group (n = 26) for all 3 midline electrode sites (Fz, Cz, and Pz). This pilot study provides preliminary evidence of differential brain functioning in individuals experiencing cooccurring trauma and depression symptoms. Accordingly, these findings support future research examining brain functioning in cooccurri...
CML in blast crisis: more common than we think?

In this issue of Blood , Hovorkova and colleagues assessed minimal residual disease (MRD) sequentially in children with Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) via BCR - ABL1 genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoglobulin gene ( IG )/T-cell receptor gene ( TCR ) PCR in parallel. Results were concordant in most patients, but >20% of children with Ph + ALL had MRD levels that were >1 log higher with BCR - ABL1 genomic PCR than with IG / TCR PCR. Using cell sorting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study patients with discordant MRD results, the authors demonstrated conclusively that BCR - ABL1– positive cells were present in nonmalignant B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells, establishing that the translocation occurred in a multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell and suggesting that these patients have a disease more akin to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis than Ph + ALL. 1
A two-stage data envelopment analysis model for efficiency assessments of 39 state’s wind power in the United States

Abstract The average global surface temperature increased by 0.85 °C since 1850 because of irrepressible increase of the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG). Electricity generation is the primary source of GHG emissions in the United States. Hence, renewable energy sources, which produce a negligible amount of GHG emissions, have gained enormous attention, especially in the electricity generation sector over the past decade. Wind power is the second largest renewable energy source to generate electricity in the United States. Therefore, in this study, a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is developed to quantitatively evaluate the relative efficiencies of the 39 state’s wind power performances for the electricity generation. Both input- and output-oriented CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978)) and BCC (Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (1984)) models are applied to pre-determined four input and six output variables. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to test the robustness of the DEA models. Tobit regression models are conducted by using the DEA results for the second stage analysis. The DEA results indicate that more than half of the states operate wind power efficiently. Tobit regression indicates that early installed wind power was more expensive and less productive relative the currently installed wind power. Findings of this study shed some light on the current efficiency assessments of the states and the future of wind energy for both energy practitioners and policy makers.
Incidence and Effects of Seasonality on Nonpurulent Lower Extremity Cellulitis After the Emergence of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Nonpurulent lower extremity cellulitis (NLEC) is a common clinical diagnosis, with β-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus considered to be the most frequent causes. In 1999, the US Public Health Service alerted clinicians to the presence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus (CA-MRSA) infections in 4 children in the upper Midwest. Since then, it has become a well-recognized cause of skin and soft-tissue infections, in particular, skin abscess. A previous population-based study of NLEC in Olmsted County, Minnesota, reported an unadjusted incidence rate of 199 per 100,000 person-years in 1999, but it is unknown whether CA-MRSA subsequently has affected NLEC incidence. We, therefore, sought to determine the population-based incidence of NLEC since the emergence of CA-MRSA. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence (per 100,000 persons) of NLEC was 176.6 (95% CI, 151.5-201.7). Incidence differed significantly between sexes with age-adjusted sex-specific rates of 133.3 (95% CI, 104.1-162.5) and 225.8 (95% CI, 183.5-268.0) in females and males, respectively. Seasonal incidence differed, with rates of 224.6 (95% CI, 180.9-268.4) in warmer months (May-September) compared with 142.3 (95% CI, 112.8-171.9) in colder months (January-April and October-December). Despite emergence and nationwide spread of CA-MRSA since 1999 in the United States, the incidence of NLEC in Olmsted County was lower in 2013 than in 1999, particularly in females. This suggests that CA-MRSA is not a significant cause of NLEC and that NLEC cases are seasonally distributed. These findings may be important in formulation of empirical therapy for NLEC and in patient education because many patients with NLEC are prone to recurrent bouts of this infection.
The Digital-Age Musical: Sighting/Siting Musicals Defined by High-Tech Content, Themes, and Memes

The dawn of the digital age provided groundbreaking subject matter ripe for treatment on the musical theatre stage; but given the overall lack of contemporary mainstream musicals that predominantly deal with the high-tech revolution, one might question whether Broadway has dropped the cyber ball. Are there other venues taking up the cause and content? This chapter examines a handful of digital-centric productions that have been workshopped in the Broadway vicinity, while others have premiered on regional stages across America and abroad. And although most musical librettos on the live stage are rooted more in the past than the iPresent, online musicals (or YouTubsicals) on the Internet are taking up the cyber banner in terms of content and themes. Yet, these popular and highly reflexive works further complicate the traditional definition of a “musical.” Linked by a common thread, what do the aforementioned works portend for a digital-age future in the commercial musical theatre market?
Thermoelectric effects in solid-state polyelectrolytes

Abstract Solid-state polyelectrolytes have recently been reported to exhibit extremely high thermally induced voltage in contrast to conventional thermoelectric materials, showing great promise in energy harvesting for wearable and flexible electronics. Nevertheless the thermoelectric behaviors of polyelectrolytes have been barely studied. Here we provide comparative experimental studies about the thermoelectric behaviors of three different types of solid-state polyelectrolytes - cation conductors with negatively charged immobile backbones (Nafion and S-PEEK), conductors with both cations and anions (basic PVA-NaOH and acidic PVA-H3PO4), and an anion conductor (PDDAC). We observed that the proton conductors (Nafion and S-PEEK) exhibited large thermopower values up to ∼5.5 mV/K. Higher humidity rendered the thermopower of S-PEEK larger but that of Nafion smaller, which is attributed to the opposite thermo-diffusion direction of water. When both cation and anion are thermally diffused (PVA-NaOH and PVA-H3PO4), the absolute values of thermopower was relatively small 1–1.5 mV/K and independent of humidity. In PDDAC, we observed extremely large thermopower values up to 19 mV/K, which could be attributed to more rigorous dissociation of Cl− in the hotter side rather than the thermo-diffusion of Cl−. Our experimental results provide useful data for developing practical thermal energy harvesters and storage devices with high output voltages for wearable and flexible electronic devices.
Beam–Beam Effects

Beam–beam effects became a subject of study as soon as there were colliders beginning with the first e+e− collider AdA in Frascati that started operating in 1962 and the first p–p collider ISR at CERN that started operating in 1971. Over the years many different issues related to electromagnetic interactions of colliding beams have emerged. In the Tevatron collider, the beam–beam problems take place in the context of beam losses and emittance growth due to long-range and head-on interactions. A comparative review of beam–beam performance of a number of hadron colliders [1] shows that the beam parameters operationally achieved in the Tevatron correspond to record high incoherent tune shift due to collisions (the figure of merit of beam–beam interaction): $$ \xi ={N}_{\mathrm{IP}}\frac{N_{\mathrm{p}}{r}_{\mathrm{p}}}{4\pi \varepsilon}\approx 0.025-0.030, $$
Dynamic Viscosity Measurements of Fluids Employing Resonance Characteristics of a Piezoelectric Element Vibrating in the Shear Mode

Many material processes may be usefully characterized by measurement of the effective viscosity during the solidification of the material. For example, monitoring the viscosity of a resin during the curing of a composite material allows the optimization of the cure strategy to minimize porosity in the final product. Also, the flow of fluids is essentially a function of their viscosity and well-regulated flow is often required, such as in an automated painter or in a printing press. Thus, it is important to have a method to measure viscosity continuously during the entire process time. It is well-known that viscosity can be determined by using ultrasonic techniques.1 Usually, this is done by measuring the attenuation of longitudinal waves propagating in the viscous medium, but this method requires many assumptions and many conditions to be fulfilled that obviously limit its applicability. Some of these assumptions and conditions are: (1) all the other causes of ultrasonic attenuation such as diffraction, dispersion, thermoelastic loss, must be negligible in comparison to the viscous loss; (2) the sum of the volume and the shear viscosities is measured, rather than only the shear viscosity;2 (3) usually, the ratio of the imaginary part of the stiffness coefficient to the real part of this same coefficient must be assumed to be much lower than unity; (4) the viscous medium must have sufficient thickness that the different echoes in the pulse-echo train are resolved, yet be thin enough that the first echoes are detectable; and (5) internal reflections inside composite laminates must be assumed negligible.
Turing's dream and the knowledge challenge

There is a set of clear-cut challenges, all centering around knowledge, that have received insufficient attention in AI, and whose solution could bring the realization of Turing's dream - the dream of a machine we can talk with just like a person, and which is therefore (at least) our intellectual equal. These challenges have to do with the representation of linguistically expressible knowledge, the role of knowledge in language understanding, the use of knowledge for several sorts of commonsense reasoning, and knowledge accumulation. Concerning the last topic, I briefly present preliminary results of some of our recent efforts to extract "shallow" general knowledge about the world from large text corpora.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein IgG related myelitis: characterisation and comparison with aquaporin-4-IgG myelitis

IgG directed against the α-isoform of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP-IgG) predicts a distinct corticosteroid-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis termed autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy, when detected on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).1 Optic disc oedema and tremor are common accompaniments. The MRI hallmark is a striking linear perivascular enhancement radially oriented around the ventricles (radial enhancement), while the myelitis component is generally associated with a longitudinally extensive T2 lesion on spinal cord MRI, similar to that typically encountered in aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) related myelitis.1–3 We compared the clinical, laboratory and MRI features of GFAP-IgG and AQP4-IgG related myelitis. ### Patient ascertainment We retrospectively identified GFAP-IgG seropositive patients seen at the Mayo Clinic ( 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) serum/CSF demonstrating GFAP pattern by indirect immunofluorescence with GFAPα specificity confirmed by cell-based assay, as previously described;1 (2) first myelitis episode; (3) serum sample negative for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG (MOG-IgG) and AQP4-IgG using previously described methodology4 5; (4) adequate clinical data available. Nine patients with GFAP-IgG myelitis were included in a prior report.1 Two patients with dual positivity in serum for AQP4-IgG and GFAP-IgG were excluded. Medical records were reviewed and compared with 41 patients from a previously identified cohort of AQP4-IgG seropositive patients at the first episode of clinical myelitis who tested negative for GFAP-IgG (41 tested) and MOG-IgG (13 tested).5 Improvement was defined as subjective improvement reported by the patient with objective improvement confirmed by the physician. ### Neuroimaging All available MRI sequences obtained within 4 months of myelitis onset were reviewed by one neurology investigator (ES/EPF) and one neuroradiologist (TJK/KNK/PPM) as described previously.5 Consensus was achieved in situations of disagreement. ### Statistical analysis Wilcoxon rank-sum test or χ2/Fisher’s exact test was used as appropriate for comparison (JMP 8.0 software). Fifty-four patients with myelitis were included: GFAP-IgG positive, …
Working-Class Writing and Experimentation

This chapter analyses the ways in which ideas of formal experimentation have marginalized working-class texts. Focusing on the 1930s, it considers the representation of committed writing as a deviation from the main current of twentieth-century literature, an argument that suggests politics is incompatible with art. The position has particular implications for the reception of working-class writing, which is frequently characterized as didactic and polemical, neglecting formal questions to concentrate on its subject matter. The chapter uses analyses of James Hanley, James Barke, and Jack Hilton to emphasize the diversity of working-class writing. It argues that such texts develop a variety of techniques to disrupt established representation traditions and respond critically to new social and political struggles.
Brain Emotional Learning-Based Path Planning and Intelligent Control Co-Design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Presence of System Uncertainties and Dynamic Environment

This paper proposes a novel intelligent path planning and control co-design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of system uncertainties and dynamic environments. In order to simultaneously handle the uncertainties from both the UAV platform itself and from the environment, a novel biologically-inspired approach based on a computational model of emotional learning in mammalian limbic system is adopted. The methodology, known as Brain Emotional Learning (BEL), is implemented in this application for the first time. Making use of the multi-objective properties and the real-time learning capabilities of BEL, the path planning and control co-design are applied in a synthetic UAV path planning scenario, successfully dealing with the challenges caused by system uncertainties and dynamic environments. A Lyapunov analysis demonstrates the convergence of the co-design, and a set of numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, it is shown that the low computational complexity of the method guarantees its implementation in real-time applications.