cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distance Education and its Application in Continuing Education for the Poultry Industry

Abstract The growth of the poultry industry, globalization of agriculture, and decline of academic departments emphasizing poultry training have combined to present a need for a paradigm shift in poultry training. The technology revolution and our improved understanding of the interactions between technology and education have resulted in tremendous opportunities for the wholesale training and retraining of students and employees. This manuscript looks at two academic solutions toward meeting the need for graduates trained in poultry science. These solutions are presented as models for the nontraditional training of students and/or employees by using the principles of distance education to improve and enhance training and productivity.
Exploiting locality to improve circuit-level timing speculation

Circuit-level timing speculation has been proposed as a technique to reduce dependence on design margins, eliminating power and performance overheads. Recent work has proposed microarchitectural methods to dynamically detect and recover from timing errors in processor logic. This work has not evaluated or exploited the disparity of error rates at the level of static instructions. In this paper, we demonstrate pronounced locality in error rates at the level of static instructions. We propose timing error prediction to dynamically anticipate timing errors at the instruction-level and reduce the costly recovery penalty. This allows us to achieve 43.6% power savings when compared to a baseline policy and incurs only 6.9% performance penalty.
Fracture of the penis: an atypical presentation

Fracture of the penis is an uncommon injury presenting to the emergency department (ED). Personal embarrassment and social scenarios associated with this condition may result in underreporting. Patients often delay seeking medical attention, and even when they do, as in our case report, they may withhold the condition for a significant time. ED physicians need to be aware of the social inhibitions and the need for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. A delay in treatment increases the risk of complications such as ischemia, necrosis and penile deformity. Fracture of the penis is caused by rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa by a blunt trauma to the erect penis. Diagnosis is usually clinical as evident by the characteristic history and clinical presentation. Diagnostic modalities aid in the management of the fracture and associated injuries if present. But promptness in the recognition and initiation of treatment can significantly reduce the chances of post-injury complications. We present a case of penile fracture in a young male who presented to the ED with abdominal pain, but careful history and physical examination revealed penile fracture. A delay in diagnosis could have led to complications. Our case report is an attempt to emphasize the need to suspect injury to the penis in a young adult who might present to the emergency department with an entirely different complaint and also to treat any penile trauma as an emergency. This report provides evidence of an uncommon and underreported clinical entity. A review of the pertinent literature is included.
Radiolarian Fine Structure and Cellular Specialization

Among the pseudopod-bearing protozoa, radiolaria exhibit a remarkable degree of cellular specialization. The clear compartmentalization of their cytoplasm into well-defined, structurally stable regions (intracapsulum and extracapsulum) separated by a specialized membranous barrier is unique among the protozoa. This significant structural and physiological specialization becomes all the more apparent when analyzed by electron microscopy. A conceptual scheme relating radiolarian fine structure to that of other pseudopod-bearing organisms is presented as a general introduction to the more specific descriptions of fine structure among various groups of radiolaria. The pseudopod-bearing protozoa can be classified into three major groups based on the degree of stable compartmentalization of their cytoplasm (Anderson, 1983) as outlined in Table 2-1. The “diffuse organized” protozoa exemplified by some amoebae (Fig. 2-1) and their close relatives exhibit a cytoplasmic fine structure without major compartmentalized regions bounded by stable membranes or nonliving barriers. Their cytoplasm with the exception of subcellular organelles (nucleus (N), mitochondria (M), Golgi bodies (G), and digestive vacuoles (DV), etc.) exhibits few major compartmentalized zones of specialized function. The endoplasm and ectoplasm, when present, represent diffuse regions of cytoplasm intergrading with one another and largely differentiated by regions of varying macromolecular organization.
Domestic Violence against Women in Cambodia: Husband’s Control, Frequency of Spousal Discussion, and Domestic Violence Reported by Cambodian Women

This study sought to examine the effects of husband’s control and frequency of spousal discussion on domestic violence against Cambodian married women, using the 2005 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey data. The sample included 1,707 married women, aged 16–49 (M = 35.14). Structural Equation Modeling showed that husband’s control positively predicted both emotional and physical violence. Frequency of spousal discussion positively predicted emotional violence, an association consistent with the idea that a husband holding patriarchal beliefs would interpret women’s more frequent discussion as a violation of Cambodian norms for quiet, submissive wives. Frequency of spousal discussion and husband’s control were positively correlated. The role of gender issues in husband’s control and frequency of spousal discussion are discussed with respect to violence in the lives of Cambodian women.
Projecting future grassland productivity to assess the sustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in the Greater Platte River Basin

This study projects future (e.g., 2050 and 2099) grassland productivities in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) using ecosystem performance (EP, a surrogate for measuring ecosystem productivity) models and future climate projections. The EP models developed from a previous study were based on the satellite vegetation index, site geophysical and biophysical features, and weather and climate drivers. The future climate data used in this study were derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model 3.0 ‘SRES A1B’ (a ‘middle’ emissions path). The main objective of this study is to assess the future sustainability of the potential biofuel feedstock areas identified in a previous study. Results show that the potential biofuel feedstock areas (the more mesic eastern part of the GPRB) will remain productive (i.e., aboveground grassland biomass productivity >2750 kg ha � 1 year � 1 ) with a slight increasing trend in the future. The spatially averaged EPs for these areas are 3519, 3432, 3557, 3605, 3752, and 3583 kg ha � 1 year � 1 for current site potential (2000–2008 average), 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099, respectively. Therefore, the identified potential biofuel feedstock areas will likely continue to be sustainable for future biofuel development. On the other hand, grasslands identified as having no biofuel potential in the drier western part of the GPRB would be expected to stay unproductive in the future (spatially averaged EPs are 1822, 1691, 1896, 2306, 1994, and 2169 kg ha � 1 year � 1 for site potential, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099). These areas should continue to be unsuitable for biofuel feedstock development in the future. These future grassland productivity estimation maps can help land managers to understand and adapt to the expected changes in future EP in the GPRB and to assess the future sustainability and feasibility of potential biofuel feedstock areas.
Hemorrhagic cholecystitis as a complication of anticoagulant therapy : role of CT in its diagnosis

Hemorrhage within the gallbladder lumen is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute cholecystitis. Concomitant anticoagulant therapy increases the chances of hemorrhage. In this case report we describe one such case which showed active extravasation of the contrast into the lumen of the gallbladder. Early diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition is important to facilitate urgent surgical treatment.
Pattern profile analysis of hominid and chimpanzee hand bones

In a study designed to complement morphological research on hominid hand bones, length and width measurements of the thumb, index, and middle rays were obtained from radiographs of modern human hands. These rays are primary in precision-gripping postures and are therefore the ones most relevant for investigating evolutionary changes in fine manipulation. Pattern profile analysis allows individuals or samples to be plotted against a reference sample in standard deviation units, or Z-scores. It provides an indication of how different measurements are from modern human averages, while taking into consideration the degree of variation present within modern human samples. A pattern profile for chimpanzees is clearly distinct from humans but quite similar to that of a bonobo, demonstrating the promise of pattern analysis. Partial pattern profiles of several of the more complete early hominid bones from Hadar, Swartkrans, and Olduvai (O.H. 7) are presented and compared. Hadar bones are long and wide at midshaft relative to articular widths; both body-size effects and functional differences are likely. Thumb distal phalanges from Swartkrans and Olduvai both have relatively small base widths, but they differ in other proportions. Two first metacarpals from Swartkrans show distinct patterns. The profiles of La Ferrassie I and Shanidar IV show the characteristically large Neanderthal distal phalanges. Profiles of Skhūl IV and Předmost III are alike in some regions with reference to modern North American white males, though they are less similar overall than are those of the two Neanderthals. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sympathetically maintained pain: Confusing classification, ill-defined diagnostic criteria, and puzzling pathophysiology

Recent studies indicate a role of the sympathetic nervous system in acute and chronic pain. However, the terminology of the clinical sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) syndromes continues to be confusing and the criteria for diagnosis of SMP are being refined. (blumberg et al.) Despite significant progress in recent years, the mechanisms of the interaction between the sympathetic and sensory systems in SMP remain puzzling.
Commentary: The global relevance of ‘biological Freudianism’

For centuries it has been recognized that during limited ontogenic periods subtle environmental influences can alter the course of human development and thereby affect an individual throughout life. As Dubos pointed out in his 1966 article such ‘early influences’ have most commonly been recognized to affect human behaviour. A huge body of work from the past 40 years however illustrates convincingly that in addition to conditioning behaviour early environmental influences on developmental pathways help shape individual anatomy physiology metabolism and gene expression. Dubos proposed that this area of research might develop into a new science called ‘biological Freudianism’. Considering the various connotations now associated with the term ‘Freudian’ it is probably a good thing that Dubos’ proposed terminology never caught on. Rather the term ‘programming’ proposed by Alan Lucas is now widely associated with persistent structural or functional changes caused by a broad range of early environmental influences. Waterland and Garza more recently proposed the term ‘metabolic imprinting’ to encompass a subset of adaptive responses resulting specifically from early nutritional influences. (excerpt)
Movements of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in coastal Hawaiian waters

Externally and internally implanted sonic transmitters were used to track the movements of eight tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) ranging between 200 and 417 cm total length (TL), captured by hook-and-line on the south coast of Oahu, Hawaii, between 1993 and 1997. Attachment of the transmitters was facilitated by the fact that captured sharks exhibited tonic immobility when restrained and inverted at the side of the tagging vessel. Three common themes emerged from the horizontal movements of the tracked sharks: (1) offshore movements away from the island, (2) extended periods of directed, “straight-line” swimming, (3) orientation to the Penguin Banks – a shallow bank located ≃35 km from the release point. In shallow water ( 300 m) they swam within the mixed layer at depths of ∼80 m. One shark dove briefly to 335 m. The average estimated swimming speed of sharks traversing open water was 0.29 body length (BL) s−1. Two sharks were recaptured after termination of the tracks; one of these sharks was recaptured twice, with a total time at liberty of 377 d. The data suggest that Hawaiian tiger sharks move within large home ranges and that they can efficiently navigate between distant parts of their range, even when this requires crossing open ocean waters.
Feeding preterm infants during red blood cell transfusion is associated with a decline in postprandial mesenteric oxygenation.

Objective To evaluate the mesenteric tissue oxygenation response in preterm infants fed and not fed during red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Study design Prospective, observational comparison of mesenteric oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in preterm infants ( Results Mean mesenteric regional oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ) slopes during RBC transfusion of fed (n = 9) vs not fed (n = 8) infants ranged from −0.23 to +0.23 (mean 0.04) with no differences between groups ( P = .480). However, following transfusions, postprandial mesenteric oxygenation means significantly declined in infants fed during transfusion compared with infants not fed during transfusion ( P 2 mesenteric oxygenation with each sequential feeding post-transfusion, whereas infants not fed during RBC transfusion increased their rSO 2 postprandial mesenteric oxygenation by a mean of 2.09 points. Conclusions Mesenteric tissue oxygenation during RBC transfusion is not influenced by feeding status. However, infants fed during RBC transfusion had, for the next 15 hours, decreasing postprandial mesenteric tissue oxygenation patterns compared with infants not fed during RBC transfusion. Feeding during RBC transfusions may increase the risk for mesenteric ischemia and the development of transfusion-related necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants.
Forced Football Fisticuffs

Jerome Pelham filed suit against the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, Coach Christopher Hatcher, and Georgia Southern Director of Athletics, Sam Baker, asserting claims of negligence after suffering injuries stemming from a football practice session. Pelham contended that his injuries were the result of hazing at the hands of Coach Hatcher and the rest of the coaching staff and not simply arising from assault and battery.
Dabigatran: Comparison to Warfarin, Pathway to Approval, and Practical Guidelines for Use

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 3 million Americans and is expected to reach epidemic proportions as the US population ages. The presence of AF increases lifetime stroke risk nearly 5-fold. Conventionally, patients at moderate or high risk of stroke have been prescribed antiplatelet agents or vitamin K antagonists to reduce the risk, but each has significant limitations. Accordingly, the development of new oral anticoagulants (direct thrombin inhibitors [DTIs] and factor Xa inhibitors) has attracted significant interest. The DTI dabigatran etexilate was recently shown to provide superior risk reduction to warfarin for stroke and systemic embolism for patients with nonvalvular AF and recently gained US Food and Drug Administration approval for this indication. Dabigatran etexilate is the first new agent for this indication in the United States in more than 50 years. Herein, we outline the options for stroke prevention in AF in the new oral anticoagulant era. The efficacy and practical obstacles surrounding the use of warfarin are summarized. We then review the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of dabigatran-including clinically relevant pharmacokinetics. Practical issues of initiation, conversion of anticoagulant therapy, and recommendations for dabigatran use in patients at high risk of bleeding and other special populations are discussed. We conclude by proposing a role for dabigatran in the armamentarium of drugs available for the management of stroke risk in AF.
Bird Use of Stormwater-Management Ponds: Decreasing Avian Attractants on Airports

Characteristics of stormwater-management ponds that contribute to avian hazards to aviation at airports have not been quantified. We selected 30 stormwater-management ponds (average 0.1 ha), approximately 50 km from Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, as surrogates to on-airport facilities. We conducted 46 weeks of avian surveys (between 14 February 2005 and 17 February 2006) and evaluated model fit of 6 a priori models relative to pond use by an avian group via Kullback–Leibler information. Our full model, composed of pond surface area (sa), ratio of area of open water to area of emergent and woody vegetation (ow:ew), perimeter irregularity, and geographic isolation, was among 3 best approximating models for pond use by 9 of 13 groups (within Anatidae, Ardeidae, Charadriidae, Columbidae, Accipitridae, Laridae, and Rallidae) considered. The full model and models lacking sa or ow:ew were indistinguishable in fit for a group composed of avian species considered hazardous to aviation. For models selected, Akaike weights (i.e., relative likelihoods) ranged from 0.869 to 0.994. In contrast, relative likelihood for a mean model (i.e., a model including only an intercept) was <10 −4 for all groups. We suggest that designs of stormwatermanagement ponds at airports in the Pacific Northwest should minimize the pond perimeter via circular or linear designs. Also, ponds should be located so as to reduce the number and proximity of other water resources within 1 km. For existing stormwater-management ponds at airports, we suggest reducing the availability of open water via covering or drawdown. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Storage management in the NVRAM era

Emerging nonvolatile memory technologies (NVRAM) offer an alternative to disk that is persistent, provides read latency similar to DRAM, and is byte-addressable. Such NVRAMs could revolutionize online transaction processing (OLTP), which today must employ sophisticated optimizations with substantial software overheads to overcome the long latency and poor random access performance of disk. Nevertheless, many candidate NVRAM technologies exhibit their own limitations, such as greater-than-DRAM latency, particularly for writes.In this paper, we reconsider OLTP durability management to optimize recovery performance and forward-processing throughput for emerging NVRAMs. First, we demonstrate that using NVRAM as a drop-in replacement for disk allows near-instantaneous recovery, but software complexity necessary for disk (i.e., Write Ahead Logging/ARIES) limits transaction throughput. Next, we consider the possibility of removing software-managed DRAM buffering. Finally, we measure the cost of ordering writes to NVRAM, which is vital for correct recovery. We consider three recovery mechanisms: NVRAM Disk-Replacement, In-Place Updates (transactions persist data in-place), and NVRAM Group Commit (transactions commit/persist atomically in batches). Whereas In-Place Updates offers the simplest design, it introduces persist synchronizations at every page update. NVRAM Group Commit minimizes persist synchronization, offering up to a 50% throughput improvement for large synchronous persist latencies.
Biosilica Nanofabrication in Diatoms: The Structures and Properties of Regulatory Silaffins

Diatoms are a large group of unicellular microalgae encased by silica cell walls that exhibit species-specific, mostly porous micro-and nanopatterns. Previously, from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis unique phosphoproteins (termed silaffins) and unusually long polyamine chains (termed LCPA) have been identified and implicated in silica formation. However, analysis of the general role of silaffins in species-specific silica morphogenesis has been hampered by lack of data about silaffins from other diatom species. Recently, we have isolated the five major silaffins from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and aided by the genome data available from this organisms we were able structurally und functionally characterize these molecules. These data clearly support the hypothesis that silaffins play an important role in the nanofabrication of diatom biosilica. The basic insights into the mechanism of biomineral morphogenesis by silaffins and LCPA suggest future pathways for the fabrication of nanostructured minerals by synthetically available polymers.
Competing outcomes after heart transplantation : A comparison of eras and outcomes

To understand the time relatedness of the various causes of death after heart transplantation, a study was undertaken to examine the relative importance of each of these causes of death across time, as well as between eras. The analysis, which was in the competing outcomes domain, involved 326 patients undergoing primary heart transplantation between November 1981 and June 1994, of which 122 patients died. Two eras were considered--an earlier era (1981 to 1986) and a later era (1987 to 1994). During the later era, the estimated survival rate at 1 year and 5 years was 85% and 69%, respectively. During the first posttransplantation year, patients in the earlier era were three times more likely to die of early graft failure than in the later era, but the difference may have been due to chance (p > 0.2). During the first posttransplantation year, patients were three times as likely to die of acute rejection in the earlier era (p = 0.02). Patients surviving 3 or more years in both eras had a similar (approximately 3%) likelihood of death from coronary artery disease over the ensuing 4 years. In the later era, the risk of dying of malignancy (2.5%), infection (3.2%), or miscellaneous other causes (4.1%) was as likely after 3 years as dying of coronary artery disease (3.2%). Competing outcomes analysis is a useful means of portraying the distribution of multiple time-related causes of death. In the current era, the deleterious long-term effects of immunosuppression (malignancy and infection), as well as coronary artery disease, threaten long-term survival.
Social Network Signatures of Effective Online Communication

In this paper, we study effective communication skills by analyzing the structure properties e.g., degree, hub of participants' interactions in an online classroom discussion context. We perform a regularized canonical correlation analysis to explore the social network signatures of effective communication skills e.g., perspective taking. Experiments on computer-mediated communication among college students have shown that a statistically significant correlation exists between effective communication skills and social network profiles, measured on the same participant, with an effect size of 0.81. We discover that people showing more perspective taking behaviors are more popular and influential than others in their communication network. Such people also tend to reach out to people who behave similarly, which implies a like-attracts-like social phenomenon that complies with the Law of Attraction.
Understanding and Helping People Who Have Cancer

Cancer is a disease that affects a large number of the population; about one out of every four people or 58 million Americans now living will eventually have cancer.1 These figures have a direct influence on the physical therapist because 20 percent of a physical therapy department's caseload may be cancer patients.2 Physical therapists need to be knowledgeable about all aspects of this disease because most, if not every, physical therapist will treat cancer patients at some point in his or her career. The diagnosis of cancer has a unique and profound emotional impact on patients and stimulates a host of fears, anxieties, and frustrations. Health professionals can help their patients cope with this illness by functioning as support systems for them. I am a physical therapist. I also have cancer. My perspective on working with cancer patients has changed during the time that I have had this disease.…
The Prediction of Reversed-Phase HPLC Retention Indices and Resolution as a Function of Solvent Strength and Selectivity

Utilisation de steroides comme solutes et de cetone-2 comme composes de reference, pour developper une equation lineaire simple permettant de predire les indices de retention et la resolution
Mo(CO)6-Catalyzed Reduction of N,N-Dimethylthioformamide by Silanes, Germanes, and Stannanes (R3EH) To Produce Trimethylamine and Group 14 Thioethers (R3E–S–ER3)

Treatment of N,N-dimethylthioformamide (DMTF) with a variety of silanes, germanes, and stannanes (R3EH; E = Si, Ge, Sn) in the presence of Mo(CO)6 leads to facile reduction to trimethylamine and th...
A Curious Convergent Series

(1916). A Curious Convergent Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 149-152.
Online Resources for Distinguishing Butterflies from Moths & Other Such Common Animal Comparisons

When biology students are in the field or in the laboratory observing common animals or pictures thereof, we would like them to be able to identify some of the differences between, say, a frog and a toad, or a hare and a rabbit. These differences may be anatomical, physiological, behavioral, reproductive, or developmental. This article suggests a way for students at the high school or higher educational levels to learn how to use the Internet to distinguish between some common or well-known animal pairs (such as butterflies and moths). A starter list of online sources of information is provided for distinguishing between 16 such animal pairs.
Communication Between Human Factors Psychologists and Engineers: Challenges and Solutions

Human factors psychology has evolved as a field to include research that reaches across many disciplines, including engineering, medicine, and education. This interdisciplinary work can be accompan...
Simultaneous Determination of Preservatives and Sweeteners in Food by HPLC

[Objective] To establish the simultaneous determination of 5 food additives of benzoic acid,sorbic acid,sodium saccharin,acesulfamek,aspartame by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).[Methods]ODS column was adopted,methanol+0.02 mol/L,ammonium acetate(pH=6)(40+60)were taken as mobile phase,the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the detector was DAD,the detection wavelength of aspartame was set at 214 nm,others ware set at 228 nm.Qualitative control was based on elution time and spectrum,quantitative control accorded to peak height or peak area.[Results]The linearity range of 5 additives was 20～500 μg/ml,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 92～0.999 99.The RSD was 1.6%～3.5%.The average recovery was 92.1%～105.7%.The detection limit of benzoic acid,sorbic acid,saccharin sodium,acesulfamek,aspartame was 2.3,2.0,4.1,2.1,10.5 mg/kg,respectively.[Conclusion]The method is simple,accurate and reliable.It can be used as a simultaneous determination method for benzoic acid,sorbic acid,saccharin sodium,acesulfamek,aspartame in food.
Acute Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy does not Impact Community Discharge after Inpatient Rehabilitation

Background and purpose: Discharge status and acute re-hospitalization are used as indicators of stroke severity and recovery. Intravenous t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator) is one of two treatments shown to have a positive impact. Stroke rehabilitation patients are an important population who will end up integrated back into the community, institutionalized or hospitalized due to late stroke complications. We sought to determine factors contributing to post rehabilitation discharge and acute re-hospitalization, in particular, the impact of t-PA therapy. Methods: Retrospective analysis of census data from ischemic stroke patients on the UTHealth Stroke/ Neurorehabilitation Services at Memorial Hermann Hospital - Texas Medical Center between Jan 2011 and Nov 2013, discharged to the Community, SNF (Skilled Nursing Facility) or AC (Acute Care). Demographics and NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) were collected. Discharge FIM (Functional Independence Measure) was the reference standard. Genitourinary infections were a negative mediator in the multivariate regression. Results: Of 346 patients, 274 returned to the community, 47 to SNF, and 25 to AC. NIHSS and t-PA therapy: Median NIHSS values were 8 in the community group, 11 in SNF and 9.5 in AC. 31.8% of patients received IV t-PA in the community group, 23.4% in SNF and 24% in AC. There were no statistically differences in community discharge rates. Community vs. AC: One day increase in rehabilitation hospitalization correlated with 19% decreased odds of AC readmission (OR 0.81; P=0.001).One unit discharge FIM increase correlated with 13% decreased odds of AC readmission (OR 0.87; P=0.003). Community vs. SNF: One year age increase correlated with 4% increased odds of SNF admission (OR 1.04; P=0.02). Conclusions: Intense rehabilitation evidenced by FIM improvement and length of stay, impacts community discharge in mild to moderate stroke patients. t-PA had no effect. This study is limited by sample size, retrospective design and undetermined psychosocial factors.
Pituitary tumors associated with hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovarian disease.

Galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia, or both, have been described in some patients with polycystic ovarian disease. Three patients who had had previous bilateral wedge resection of the ovaries and who manifested persistent amenorrhea were found to have elevated levels of serum prolactin (180 to 540 ng/ml) 5 to 10 years later. All three patients initially demonstrated moderate hirsutism and failed to experience withdrawal bleeding after administration of progesterone or clomiphene citrate. Poly tomographic evidence suggestive of an intrasellar tumor was present when elevated serum prolactin levels were noted. (Routine sellar roentgenograms prior to wedge resection had been reported as normal.) Two of the three patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery with removal of an 8-mm diameter chromophobe adenoma in each instance. Although serum prolactin levels decreased to 32 and 102 ng/ml, respectively, amenorrhea has persisted with gradual cessation of galactorrhea over a 1- to 2-year follow-up period. Our experience with the reported three cases supports the conclusion that in some cases an association may exist between polycystic ovarian disease and prolactin-producing adenomas.
ADSORPTION OF GELATIN AT SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES

The adsorption of acid processed gelatin on to silica has been studied from the aqueous solution of gelatin at room temperature (25 °C). Various adsorption and kinetic parameters have been evaluate...
The Role of Advance Treatment Directives in Health Care Policy

As new developments in medical knowledge and technology enable health care professionals to sustain life for increasing lengths of time, difficult social policy issues arise. One such dilemma concerns the appropriate level of medical treatment to administer to seriously ill or injured patients whose conditions have rendered them unable to make decisions for themselves. Because they lack awareness and the capacity to communicate, these individuals lose control over fundamental personal decisions on life and death. As a consequence, they may be treated in ways that conflict with their own values and preferences. Furthermore, because every nation can devote only limited amounts of resources to the health care of its residents, policy officials and medical care-givers must somehow determine which individuals should receive the highest level of available care.
Recycling in debris-filled volcanic vents

Eruptions through debris-filled vents produce deposits containing magmatic juvenile lithic and recycled clasts. Recycled clasts are exposed to multiple transportation and fragmentation events. We used experiments with multiple subsurface explosions to track clasts and highlight dominant recycling processes in eruptions through analog debris-filled vents. Recycled clasts include those that fall back into and reside in the vent for extended time periods and those that return to the vent through crater growth or collapse. Clasts are recycled by any combination of lofting and fallback of material in the crater by explosion jets, mixing and churning of material at depth in the debris fill, and redistribution of extra-crater deposits by explosion-induced excavation or slumping. We compare experimental processes with natural deposits that preserve recycling signatures from discrete explosions through debris-filled vents such as maar-diatremes, Strombolian vents, and hydrothermal craters. Clasts may not preserve textures diagnostic of their complete recycling histories, but can be used to infer if that history occurred in part in the vent debris or in the eruptive jet. Experiment results and natural deposits suggest that for volcanic craters that undergo multiple explosions, clasts likely undergo some form of recycling before final deposition outside the craters. The underestimation of recycled clast contributions to deposits can lead to inaccurate estimates of thermal budgets and eruption processes.
Variational Estimates for Use with the Improved Quasistatic Method for Reactor Dynamics

A new variational estimate for dynamic reactivity that accounts for delayed neutron hold-back is introduced and adapted for use with the improved quasistatic (IQS) method. Numerical tests on a large light water reactor model indicate that the computational effort required with the IQS method can be reduced by a factor of3 to 4 by using this new variational estimate of dynamic reactivity. With comparable computational effort, the accuracy of the standard IQS method, which uses the flux shape interpolation/recomputation procedure and a first-order estimate of static reactivity, can be improved by using a standard variational estimate without the flux shape interpolation/recomputation procedure, and it can be further improved by using the new variational estimate of dynamic reactivity.
Quantification of radiologic identification (RADid) and the development of a population frequency data repository

Abstract The implementation of quantitative methods bolsters radiologic identification conclusions by providing statistical support for the probability of a correct (or incorrect) identification. Quantitative methods, however, require the use of population frequency data for the specific radiographic traits used in the comparison, and such data are currently absent for many features or difficult to access for others. Here we review quantification as applied to RADid and its impact on evidentiary value, highlight the critical gaps in the current scientific literature, and introduce the creation of a publicly-available repository of population frequency data to assist practitioners in locating and implementing quantitative radiologic data in identification comparisons.
Moche ceremonial badminton revisited

One of the most intriguing activities depicted in Moche art is Ceremonial Badminton, an event where one team used spear throwers to propel feathered objects into the air, while a second team used spear throwers with attached cross pieces to entangle the feathered objects. Enacted by the Moche over a period of five centuries, Ceremonial Badminton appears to have been part of a large festival in which various ritual activities were performed, accompanied by music, dancing, drinking, and feasting. A detailed study of 16 depictions of this ceremony, combined with extensive experimentation and reenactments, provide a much greater understanding of it than was previously possible.
Using archival materials to study the influence of public policy on a hydroelectric project

A case history of a hydroelectric power project was studied using archival materials of a former Pennsylvania governor by civil engineering technology students. The case history illustrated the role of public policy and outside influences on a local civil works project. The multi-purpose, federally constructed dam was a controversial project with hydropower development supported by some while opposed by others. In studying the history of the project, students utilized images of archival materials, rather than published materials. This innovative use of unpublished letters, meeting notes, and memos between the Governor and his staff provided students an opportunity to see how political decisions and public policy influence engineering projects. It also provided students an appreciation of the importance of documenting their work, their communications with others and the basis on which decisions are made.
P-119 Use of BACLOFEN in a continuous subcutaneous infusion

Introduction This case report illustrates the effective use of a continuous subcutaneous infusion of baclofen to improve spasticity in a patient approaching end of life. Report The patient was a 56 year old lady with a diagnosis of motor neurone disease (spinal onset; ‘definite’ by the El Escorial research criteria). She was admitted to the hospice for end of life care. She was severely dysarthric. She had a flicker of movement in her left hand, but no movement in her limbs otherwise. She communicated by nodding or shaking her head. She did not have a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube in situ, and she was too frail for consideration of same. At the time of admission, she was taking baclofen 10 mg po tds for spasticity. As she weakened, she couldn’t swallow her oral medications, necessitating discontinuation of her baclofen. Three days later, she developed painful spasticity of her temporomandiibular joint muscles. She was very distressed by this symptom. It persisted over the following five days despite opioid analgesia and benzodiazepines. A literature review revealed a case report demonstrating the effective and well tolerated use of subcutaneous baclofen in a patient who could no longer take his medications via PEG. A decision was made to commence a continuous subcutaneous infusion with bacofen 10 mg over 24 hours and NaCl as the diluent. The intrathecal formulation of baclofen was used. The following day, the patient reported improvement in her spasticity, and she was able to open her mouth. The improvement was sustained over the following four days, and she experienced no skin reactions at the infusion site. At this time she could no longer communicate, and she was beginning to die. The baclofen was discontinued as she was no longer benefitting. Conclusion This case illustrates the effective and well-tolerated administration of baclofen via subcutaneous infusion. If appropriate, we may consider this route again.
Navigating Decisional Discord: The Pediatrician’s Role When Child and Parents Disagree

From the time when children enter the preteen years onward, pediatric medical decision-making can entail a complex interaction between child, parents, and pediatrician. When the child and parents disagree regarding medical decisions, the pediatrician has the challenging task of guiding the family to a final decision. Unresolved discord can affect family cohesiveness, patient adherence, and patient self-management. In this article, we outline 3 models for the pediatrician's role in the setting of decisional discord: deference, advocative, and arbitrative. In the deference model, the pediatrician prioritizes parental decision-making authority. In the advocative model, the pediatrician advocates for the child's preference in decision-making so long as the child's decision is medically reasonable. In the arbitrative model, the pediatrician works to resolve the conflict in a balanced fashion. Although each model has advantages and disadvantages, the arbitrative model should serve as the initial model in nearly all settings. The arbitrative model is likely to reach the most beneficial decision in a manner that maintains family cohesiveness by respecting the authority of parents and the developing autonomy of children. We also highlight, however, occasions when the deference or advocative models may be more appropriate. Physicians should keep all 3 models available in their professional toolkit and develop the wisdom to deploy the right model for each particular clinical situation.
Understanding the Complex Patterns Observed during Hepatitis B Virus Therapy

Data from human clinical trials have shown that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) follows complex profiles, such as bi-phasic, tri-phasic, stepwise decay and rebound. We utilized a deterministic model of HBV kinetics following antiviral therapy to uncover the mechanistic interactions behind HBV dynamics. Analytical investigation of the model was used to separate the parameter space describing virus decay and rebound. Monte Carlo sampling of the parameter space was used to determine the virological, pharmacological and immunological factors that separate the bi-phasic and tri-phasic virus profiles. We found that the level of liver infection at the start of therapy best separates the decay patterns. Moreover, drug efficacy, ratio between division of uninfected and infected cells, and the strength of cytotoxic immune response are important in assessing the amount of liver damage experienced over time and in quantifying the duration of therapy leading to virus resolution in each of the observed profiles.
Bound states within the radiation continuum in diffraction gratings and the role of leaky modes

We discuss resonant states with diverging Q factor within the radiation continuum based on the anomalous interaction of leaky guided modes and diffracted waves in suitably designed reflection gratings. We show that these trapped optical states can be understood within the framework of leaky-wave theory, which unveils their generation process and dynamics. Our findings reveal an interesting mechanism to realize embedded eigenstates in periodic structures, shedding light on their electromagnetic properties, and offering the possibility to quantitatively predict their occurrence and systematically design optimal structures that support them. The realization of extraordinary optical trapping in open structures may be important for applications that require strongly confined and enhanced fields and high selectivity in angle and frequency.
The impact of bariatric surgery on pulmonary function: a meta-analysis

Morbid obesity may affect several body systems and cause ill effects to the cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, endocrine, and mental health systems. However, the impact on the pulmonary system and pulmonary function has been debated in the literature. A systematic review and meta-analysis for studies that have evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery on pulmonary function were pooled for this analysis. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were evaluated through September 31, 2016. They were used as the primary search engine for studies evaluating the impact pre- and post-bariatric surgery on pulmonary function. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using random-effects model. Twenty-three studies with 1013 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. Only 8 studies had intervention and control groups with different time points, but 15 studies had matched groups with different time points. Overall, pulmonary function score was significantly improved after bariatric surgery, with a pooled standardized mean difference of .59 (95% confidence interval: .46-.73). Heterogeneity test was performed by using Cochran's Q test (I2 = 46%; P heterogeneity = .10). Subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression based on study quality, age, presurgery body mass index, postsurgery body mass index, study design, female patients only, study continent, asthmatic patients in the study, and the type of bariatric surgery confirmed no statistically significant difference among these groups (P value>.05 for all). A multivariate meta-regression model, which adjusted simultaneously for these same covariates, did not change the results (P value > .05 overall). Assessment of publication bias was done visually and by Begg's rank correlation test and indicated the absence of publication bias (asymmetric shape was observed and P = .34). This meta-analysis shows that bariatric surgery significantly improved overall pulmonary functions score for morbid obesity.
Wearable sensors and machine learning diagnose anxiety and depression in young children

This paper describes a new approach for diagnosing anxiety and depression in young children. Currently, diagnosis in this population requires hours of structured clinical interviews spread over days and weeks. In contrast, we propose the use of a 90-second fear induction task during which time participant motion is monitoring using a commercially available wearable sensor. Machine learning and data extracted from one 20-second phase of the task are used to predict diagnosis in a large sample of children with and without an internalizing diagnosis. We examine the performance of a variety of feature sets and model configurations to identify the best performing approach that provides a diagnostic accuracy of 75%. This accuracy is comparable to existing diagnostic techniques, but at a small fraction of the time and cost currently required. These results point toward the future use of this approach in a clinical setting for diagnosing children with internalizing disorders.
Towards 400Gb/s Data Center Interconnect Using Coherent Detection with Higher-Order QAM Formats

We experimentally studied the capacity-reach matrix for single-carrier high baud rate x-QAM signals in unamplified link. We show that 400Gbit/s (64GBd 16-QAM) can be achieved over 80 km link, potentially for data center interconnect application.
III-V Photonic Circuits with Waveguide-Integrated LED Source and WSi Nanowire Detectors

We present the fabrication and testing of photonic circuits using a III-V LED light source coupled to waveguide-integrated WSi single photon detectors for use in advanced computing and on-chip quantum optics experiments.
History of Intrapartum Monitoring

Recording of uterine contractions has been a long sought aim of clinicians and physiologists dedicated to studying the function and controlling factors of the human uterus. The study of muscle strips in vitro and animal uteri in vivo suggested that the uterus was an autonomous organ but with a behavior altogether different from other organs composed primarily of smooth muscle. Lack of proper animal models and the inability to study the human uterus in vivo because of inadequate methods made exploring its physiology difficult.
Mitotic activity in the hemocytes of Oncopeltus fasciatus (dall)

Abstract 1. 1. Fifth instar milkweed bugs showed high peaks of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into their hemocytes on 5–6 days and 9–10 days after molt regardless of the day in the fifth stadium when the injection of thymidine was given. 2. 2. In most groups there was a considerable delay after injection before incorporation was seen in the hemocytes and no incorporation was seen when the thymidine was given 48 and 24 hr before the adult molt. 3. 3. Variable percentages (0–15) of mitosis were seen throughout the stadium. There was no correlation of the mitotic index with post-molt age of the insect, day of injection, or peaks of tritiated thymidine incorporation. 4. 4. Delayed incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the hemocytes, sudden very high peaks of cells with incorporation, and a low level of mitotic activity in the hemocytes compared with the sudden high percentages of cells with incorporation indicate that a portion of the circulating hemocytes are formed in fixed tissue sites or organs and are released into the circulating hemolymph.
The Language of Spiritual Rebus Definitions

“The rebus’ language” is somewhere at the border of the scientific language and, that, perhaps, having many common things with usual language too, and even with the musical one (the puzzles, because they have a certain acoustic resonance).