cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solutions Salesperson’s Problem Solving Approaches: An Exploration from the Customer’s Perspective: An Abstract

Business-to-business customers are increasingly demanding total solutions in response to suppliers who are increasingly seeking to grow their revenues by focusing on providing customers with end-to-end solutions. Given that the solution sales process in business markets is inherently complex and significantly different from the traditional sales process, there is evidence that many salespeople are unable or unwilling to meet the requirements of solution selling. Although researchers have begun focusing on business-to-business customer solutions, the very nature of business-to-business solutions suggests that there are problems to be solved, and research exploring business-to-business solution provision at the intersection of problem solving and sales is extremely limited. In this research, we focus on the customers’ perspective of salesperson’s problem solving approaches. Specifically, we provide a brief overview of problem solving literature in the context of personal selling and sales management. Second, from the perspective of B2B customers, we develop a model with the consequences of the creative and deliberate problem solving routines of business-to-business salespeople and their direct and curvilinear effects on customer outcomes. Third, we provide details of our data collection efforts. Specifically, data collection was accomplished through an online survey of purchasing managers (respondents had purchasing manager, buyer, procurement manager, or similar titles) from a panel managed by a reputed research company. Respondents were (i) screened to verify that their purchasing role required them to interact frequently and extensively with salespeople of different vendors and (ii) asked to think of one of their important vendors and complete the survey with respect to that vendor’s salespeople. Here, we also screened the respondent for interaction and knowledgeability. Fourth, we discuss the method and analyses corresponding to the testing of our framework. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of our research’s implications for research and practice. Indeed, the results of the curvinear effects found in this research provide significant implications for firms in managing the role of salespeople in solution provision.
Examination of Social Determinants of Health, District Health Needs, School Nurse Caseload, and Academic Outcomes in Washington State.

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between caseload, social determinants, health needs, students meeting grade-level English and Math standards, and attendance. Data from the Was...
5-Item Modified Frailty Index Predicts Outcomes After Below-Knee Amputation in the Vascular Quality Initiative Amputation Registry.

Patient frailty indices are increasingly being utilized to anticipate post-operative complications. This study explores whether a 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) is associated with outcomes...
Commerce in Human Organs: A Study of Jewish Legal Themes Underlying a Contemporary Controversy

This paper seeks to highlight the various legal concepts and themes present in contemporary debates amongst Jewish legal scholars and analyses performed according to traditional Jewish law. This paper discusses the legality of transferring an organ regardless of the motivation or any accompanying compensation including issues related to wounding oneself in the case of inter vivos transplantation and issues relating to treatment of dead bodies in the case of postmortem transplantation. This paper discusses the permissibility of payment and rules governing payments as well as various social policy concerns such as motivating desired behaviors, paternalistic protective measures and the tension between individual concerns and communal concerns.
Holistic safety performance forecasting for train detection system

Axle counter application risk models have been developed aiming to support derivation of safety cases for individual axle counter installation projects. In accordance with the UK safety case regime, each project will have to prove that the technological and procedural solution accepted for the project is the as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) solution. To achieve this, each individual project will have to demonstrate that a number of different options have been considered and that the most suitable solution has been selected. In addition to this, the project will have to prove that the safety risks introduced to the railway system by introduction of new technology are acceptably low. This paper will focus on a model supporting analysis of the reset processes, the failures during reset model. The aim of this paper is to: (i) depict the development of axle counter application models; (ii) describe the process followed during the development of the models and; (iii) outline the process for future use of models.
Probable NPH in patients with clinical AD: further support for the AD-NPH syndrome and CSF circulatory failure

Clinical background To determine the incidence of elevated CSF pressure (CSFP) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD. Several studies have documented the coexistence of AD pathology in NPH patients at a rate greater than chance. There has been no corollary study addressing the incidence of NPH among patients with AD. We report elevated CSFP, consistent with NPH, in a small subset of AD patients (ADNPH) enrolled in an ongoing clinical trial of chronic lowflow CSF drainage, via a novel VP shunt, in AD.
Observations in interplanetary space of relativistic electrons from Jupiter

The existence of energetic electron bursts in the interplanetary medium outside the bow shock of Earth (Fan et al., 1964; Frank and Van Allen, 1964; Anderson, 1968) led us to search for similar interplanetary electron bursts of Jovian origin as Pioneer 10 approached Jupiter. In this paper, we summarize evidence for the presence of Jovian electrons in interplanetary space as much as 1 AU inside the orbit of Jupiter. The observations and analysis have been discussed in much greater detail by Chenette et al. (1974).
Effects of modern educational game play on attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy, and mathematics achievement

This study investigated the effects of modern educational game playing on middle school students’ attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy, and mathematics achievement. Two hundred twenty-five middle school students from four different Title 1 schools in two different counties in the southeastern United States were recruited. Students participated in a pre-test and post-test design with 16-weeks of the game intervention and a minimum of one session of game play per week. The students’ gender, socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity, frequency of game play, and frequency of computer use were examined as moderating variables and covariates. ANCOVA detected significant and positive changes in students’ attitudes towards mathematics and mathematics self-efficacy. However, there was no significant change in students’ mathematics achievement. A students’ gender, SES, and frequency of computer use did not significantly interact with any of the criterion measures. Discussion and recommendations for future research are pro
Reconstructing Apartheid, Redefining Racism

This essay examines transcripts from South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission alongside literary and cinematic representations of the hearings and reflects on the challenges of confronting institutionalized racism through contemporary human rights discourse and its attendant modes of life narratives. The first section analyses the oral testimony of Ms Nomatise Tsobileyo – who spoke before the TRC's Human Rights Violations Committee in 1996. The second section then considers excerpts from and traces of Ms Tsobileyo's testimony in Antjie Krog's internationally renowned memoir Country of My Skull, and in the film based on Krog's book, In My Country. I argue that when eliciting and responding to testimony, the TRC tended to separate out bodily violence inflicted by the apartheid police from the witness's account of dispossession caused by apartheid laws and practices. When internationally marketed literary and cinematic representations reframe TRC testimonies by emphasizing the horrors inflicted on ...
Keeping it real: self-control depletion increases accuracy, but decreases confidence for performance

We propose that egotism about one's abilities may be related to good self-regulation and a lack of self-control may reduce estimations of aptitudes. Self-control depletion should lead to more accurate and therefore less lofty predictions of future performances. In two experiments, self-control depletion was manipulated by having participants either resist tempting cookies or by inhibiting thoughts about a white bear. In both cases, nondepleted participants made bolder predictions about their future performance on a video game than their depleted counterparts. Instead, depleted participants were more modest in their predictions and more accurate in their predictions than nondepleted participants. These findings suggest that depletion undermines self-assurance in oneself, which may have implications for theories of depressive realism, accuracy, confidence, and goal setting.
Multiple Time Measures are Necessary to Reduce Uncertainty in Dose-Response Modeling: Time- and Dose-Mechanisms of the ED01 Study

Prompt cellular proliferation, resulting from toxic hyperplasia and/or normal tissue homeostasis, is required to complete carcinogenic initiation processes. Also, cell proliferation is required for carcinogenic potentiation. We have developed a mathematical model for tumorigenesis incorporating four dimensions: (1) dose, (2) exposure time, (3) sacrifice time, and (4) response. The model is based on the mechanism of compensatory cell proliferation. The fit was tested against data for tumors observed in 24, 192 BALB/C mice fed 2-AAF at concentrations of 0, 35, 45, 60, 75, 100, and 150 ppm to time-of-sacrifice at 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24, and 33 months at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR). Because this study was designed to measure a dose of 2-AAF needed to induce a 1% tumor rate, it has become commonly known as the ED01 study. The coefficients of the mathematical model were determined from the ED01 data and the model was then used to predict the time- and dose-development of tumors in a second NCTR study of mice fed 2-AAF at concentrations of 60, 75, 100, and 150 ppm for 9, 12, and 15 months, and then sacrificed at 18 and 24 months. Previous dose-response models have not described the ED01 study adequately. In contrast, this four-dimensional analysis fits the dose-response quite adequately (when timeon-feed is the same as time-to-sacrifice) and is also totally predictive (without any redetermination of numerical coefficients) for the feed-waitsacrifice protocol.
On Bias, Variance, 0/1—Loss, and the Curse-of-Dimensionality

The classification problem is considered in which an output variable y assumes discrete values with respective probabilities that depend upon the simultaneous values of a set of input variables x = {x_1,....,x_n}. At issue is how error in the estimates of these probabilities affects classification error when the estimates are used in a classification rule. These effects are seen to be somewhat counter intuitive in both their strength and nature. In particular the bias and variance components of the estimation error combine to influence classification in a very different way than with squared error on the probabilities themselves. Certain types of (very high) bias can be canceled by low variance to produce accurate classification. This can dramatically mitigate the effect of the bias associated with some simple estimators like “naive” Bayes, and the bias induced by the curse-of-dimensionality on nearest-neighbor procedures. This helps explain why such simple methods are often competitive with and sometimes superior to more sophisticated ones for classification, and why “bagging/aggregating” classifiers can often improve accuracy. These results also suggest simple modifications to these procedures that can (sometimes dramatically) further improve their classification performance.
A simplified procedure for pediatric vaginal examination: use of veterinary otoscope specula.

Examination of the prepubertal vagina is not part of the routine pediatric examination. However, there are situations in which adequate visualization and examination of the vagina are necessary. Frequently vaginal examination is hampered by examiner insecurity and lack of adequate instruments. Nasal specula, eye droppers for aspirating secretions,1 a test tube illuminated by a penlight,2 and a vaginoscope or cystoscope3 have been recommended but have been used with limited success. Pediatric residency training underemphasizes gynecology.4 Many pediatricians feel inadequate and uncomfortable when faced with a patient with a vaginal complaint. They either avoid the examination or undertake it with such trepidation that the child9s anxiety is increased.
Invited review: Estrogens effects on the brain: multiple sites and molecular mechanisms.

Besides their well-established actions on reproductive functions, estrogens exert a variety of actions on many regions of the nervous system that influence higher cognitive function, pain mechanism...
Tunable wavelength converters based switching structure for WDM-TDM hybrid PON

Abstract In the evolvement of Passive Optical Network (PON), the performance of hybrid Wavelength-Time Division Multiplexing based PON (WDM-TDM PON) is directly determined by the network architecture. This letter proposes a Tunable Wavelength Converter (TWC) based switching structure (TWC-SS) for WDM/TDM hybrid PON. Using the tunable wavelength converter technology, this Switch Node is designed and introduced into the hybrid WDM/TDM PON. Improved performances brought by the Switch Node on packet loss rate, bandwidth-utilization rate are proved by experimental results.
Slow Extraction at LAMPF II

Half-integer resonant extraction will be used to slow extract the 45 GeV proton beam from the LAMPF II main ring during a time spread of 1/6 sec. High extraction efficiency is obtained by performing the extraction in a high-beta long straight section and by utilizing an electrostatic wire septum and iron septum.
Multiple solutions for some semilinear elliptic equations

On donne des resultats sur le nombre des solutions du probleme de Dirichlet pour des equations elliptiques semilineaires
Efficiency of the Slope Estimator in Repeated Measurements

In repeated measurement studies, one of the popular primary interests is to investigate the rate of changes in a response variable. Efficiency of the slope estimator is examined with different numbers of equally-spaced measurements imposed across a specified fixed study period. In this paper, we examine the implication of the frequency of repeated measurements in the efficiency of the slope estimator in studies of fixed duration. We present a closed-form formula for assessing the efficiency of the slope estimator in terms of the standard error of the slope when the true correlation is the autoregressive order I or compound symmetry in the generalized estimating equation model. Since missing values in repeated measurement studies are more often the norm than the exception, we also investigate the efficiency of the slope estimator in the presence of missing data.
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON O-QUINONES MUTATE p53 IN HUMAN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA (A549) CELLS

Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells form reactive and redox active PAH-o-quinones via constitutively expressed aldo-keto reductases. To determine whether these metabolites mutate p53, A549 cells were treated with N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG an alkylating mutagen), anti-BPDE (diol-epoxide) and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione (o-quinone). p53 cDNA was amplified from the treated cells and cotransfected with a gap-repair plasmid designed to express p53 in yeast. When mutant p53 is expressed, it fails to drive the expression of an ADE2 reporter, and the yeast strain yIG397 turns red. The following mutational frequencies were observed versus the solvent controls: 1 mM MNNG (24.2% red colonies p = .02), 1 μ M anti-BPDE (9.9% red colonies p = .02), and 10 μ M BP-7,8-dione (9.3% red colonies p = .03). MNNG gave a high frequency (49%) of the expected C > T (G > A) mutations (p = .25). While anti-BPDE and BP-7,8-dione gave A > G (T > C) transitions (p = .034 – p = .054). These mutations would result from s...
Computer vision system for automated inspection of molded plastic print wheels

This research describes a robust, efficient, and real-time computer vision system that can automatically inspect defects of protruded print characters on injection molded plastic, typewriter print wheels. Possible defect types include insufficient fill, voids, and cracks. These defects can be described as poor edge sharpness, large edge position deviation from an established standard, and irregularities of the inside surface. Template matching is used for character detection and extraction. Matching performance measurements are used to evaluate closeness with respect to a reference print character of accepted quality. A hierarchical structure is used to improve the robustness of position detection and acceptable performance measures in knowledge rules are incorporated to increase the speed of the search. Characters are extracted from the image by a logical 'AND' operation in which a filled, slightly enlarged, uniform gray scale pattern of the print character is used as a template. Feature extraction and matching is done by using a distance image template matching technique which makes the system more robust and effective. Finally, a set of matching measurements is extracted to determine edge sharpness, edge deviation, and smoothness of the inside surface and local matching measurements are used for determining the detail of defects.
How does care differ for neurological patients admitted to a neurocritical care unit versus a general ICU

Neurological patients have lower mortality and better outcomes when cared for in specialized neurointensive care units than in general ICUs. However, little is known about how the process of care differs between these types of units. The Greater New York Hospital Association conducted a city-wide 24-h ICU prevalence survey on March 15th, 2007. Data was collected on all patients admitted to 143 ICUs in 69 different hospitals. Of 1,906 ICU patients surveyed, 231 had a primary neurological diagnosis. Of these, 52 (22%) were admitted to one of 9 neuro-ICU’s in NY and 179 (78%) to a medical or surgical ICU. Neurological patients in neuro-ICUs were more likely to have been transferred from an outside hospital (37% vs. 11%, P < 0.0001). Hemorrhagic stroke was more frequent in neuro-ICUs (46% vs. 16%, P < 0.0001), whereas traumatic brain injury (2% vs. 24%, P < 0.0001) and ischemic stroke (0% vs. 19%, P = 0.001) were less common. Despite a lower rate of mechanical ventilation (39% vs. 50%, P = 0.15), ICU length of stay was longer in neuro-ICU patients (≥10 days, 40% vs. 17%, P < 0.0001). More neuro-ICU patients had undergone tracheostomy (35% vs. 15%, P = 0.04), invasive hemodynamic monitoring (40% vs. 20%, P = 0.002), and invasive intracranial pressure monitoring (29% vs. 9%, P < 0.001) than patients cared for in general ICUs. Intravenous sedation was less prevalent in neuro-ICUs (12% vs. 30%, P = 0.009) and more patients were receiving nutritional support compared to general ICUs (67% vs. 39%, P < 0.001). Neurological patients cared for in specialty neuro-ICUs underwent more invasive intracranial and hemodynamic monitoring, tracheostomy, and nutritional support, and received less IV sedation than patients in general ICUs. These differences in care may explain previously observed disparities in outcome between neurocritical care and general ICUs.
Isolation of humin by liquid-liquid partitioning

Abstract A method is described for isolating humin from diverse samples by partitioning the organic components between methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and an aqueous phase as a function of pH. The humin isolated by the MIBK method is similar to humin isolated from the same sample by more traditional alkali-extraction methods. The MIBK method may be extended to separate the organic components of humin from its inorganic or non-humic organic constituents. It is shown that the organic components of humin consist of lipids and a humic acid-like material. In this study the MIBK method was applied to a soil, a peat and a stream sediment sample.
Knowledge aquisition methods for expert scheduling systems

The concept of expert scheduling systems is introduced. The problem of knowledge acquisition in this content is discussed. Two specific techniques used for this purpose are illustrated.
Maternal and In Utero Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Young

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions. In 2010, it was estimated that 6.4 % of the adult population (285 million) have diabetes. In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a condition traditionally associated with aging, has been steadily increasing among younger individuals. It is now a well-established notion that the early-life period is a critical window of development and that influences during this period can "developmentally prime" the metabolic status of the adult. This review discusses the role of maternal and in utero influences on the developmental priming of T2D risk. Both human epidemiological studies and experimental animal models are beginning to demonstrate that early dietary challenges can accelerate the onset of age-associated metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, T2D, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. These findings show that poor maternal nutrition can prime a prediabetes phenotype, often manifest as insulin resistance, by very early stages of life. Thus, the maternal diet is a critical determinant of premature T2D risk. While the mechanisms that link early nutrition to age-associated metabolic decline are currently unclear, preliminary findings suggest perturbations in a number of processes involved in cellular aging, such as changes in longevity-associated Sirtuin activity, epigenetic regulation of key metabolic genes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Preliminary studies show that pharmacological interventions in utero and dietary supplementation in early postnatal life may alleviate insulin resistance and reduce T2D risk. However, further studies are warranted to fully understand the relationship between the early environment and long-term effects on metabolism. Such mechanistic insights will facilitate strategic interventions that prevent accelerated metabolic decline and the premature onset of T2D in the current and future generations.
Critical Frequency, Refractive Index, and Cone of Escape in the Solar Corona

Nomograms give refractive index governing radio propagation in the solar corona and the semivertical angle of the cone of escape.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in CETP , SLC46A1 , SLC19A1 , CD36 , BCMO1 , APOA5 , and ABCA1 are significant predictors of plasma HDL in healthy adults

In a marker-trait association study we estimated the statistical significance of 65 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 23 candidate genes on HDL levels of two independent Caucasian populations. Each population consisted of men and women and their HDL levels were adjusted for gender and body weight. We used a linear regression model. Selected genes corresponded to folate metabolism, vitamins B-12, A, and E, and cholesterol pathways or lipid metabolism. Extracted DNA from both the Sacramento and Beltsville populations was analyzed using an allele discrimination assay with a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry platform. The adjusted phenotype, y, was HDL levels adjusted for gender and body weight only statistical analyses were performed using the genotype association and regression modules from the SNP Variation Suite v7. Statistically significant SNP (where P values were adjusted for false discovery rate) included: CETP (rs7499892 and rs5882); SLC46A1 (rs37514694; rs739439); SLC19A1 (rs3788199); CD36 (rs3211956); BCMO1 (rs6564851), APOA5 (rs662799), and ABCA1 (rs4149267). Many prior association trends of the SNP with HDL were replicated in our cross-validation study. Significantly, the association of SNP in folate transporters (SLC46A1 rs37514694 and rs739439; SLC19A1 rs3788199) with HDL was identified in our study. Given recent literature on the role of niacin in the biogenesis of HDL, focus on status and metabolism of B-vitamins and metabolites of eccentric cleavage of β-carotene with lipid metabolism is exciting for future study.
Novel wavelet coder for color image compression

A new still image compression algorithm based on the multi-threshold wavelet coding (MTWC) technique is proposed in this work. It is an embedded wavelet coder in the sense that its compression ratio can be controlled depending on the bandwidth requirement of image transmission. At low bite rates, MTWC can avoid the blocking artifact from JPEG to result in a better reconstructed image quality. An subband decision scheme is developed based on the rate-distortion theory to enhance the image fidelity. Moreover, a new quantization sequence order is introduced based on our analysis of error energy reduction in significant and refinement maps. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed new algorithm in its high reconstructed quality for color and gray level image compression and low computational complexity. Generally speaking, it gives a better rate- distortion tradeoff and performs faster than most existing state-of-the-art wavelet coders.
The Nature of the Endothelial Lining in the Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Vascular Graft: An Experimental Immunofluorescent Study

Indirect immunofluorescent technique directed at factor VIII-related anti gen was used to examine the cellular lining of short PTFE vascular grafts re placing a portion of common iliac artery in dogs. The innermost cellular monolayer was determined as true endothelium. The pannus developed from both anastomotic ends of the host artery and strongly supported the overlying endothelium. Endothelial damage occurred in the areas without tissue support underneath. Complete endothelialization played an important role in maintain ing graft patency.
Sensory testing versus nerve conduction velocity in diabetic polyneuropathy.

We sought to evaluate the utility of quantitative sensory testing (QST) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies as measures of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). We studied 36 diabetic patients divided into four clinical categories of increasing severity. QST included thermal testing and vibration thresholds. NCV studies included median, peroneal, and sural nerves. Results of QST and NCV were compared among clinical groups using survival methodology. The log-rank statistic showed significant differences among the groups; the direction of the differences were consonant with clinical severity. For each diabetic patient, the result of each measurement was classified as normal or abnormal; more diabetic patients had abnormal NCV than either vibration tests or thermal tests. In conclusion, findings of QST and NCV are in keeping with clinical categorization of patients, QST and NCV are complementary tests, and the sural sensory study is the best single predictor of DSP. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dowel form and tensile force

1 he success of current endodontic procedures has resulted in the preservation of many teeth which have little or no remaining clinical crown. These teeth require a dowel and core to replace the lost tooth structtuel~ * While a review of the literature indicated that the length, diameter, and shape of a dowel have a retentive effect relative to tensile force, neither the amount nor the unique effects of a combination of these characteristics has been reported. 3V8 The purpose of this research was to assess and compare, individually and in combinations, the retentive strength of length, diameter, and shape of dowels. In this study, manufactured dowels were chosen to produce intimate contact between the dowel and dentin. This technique has been purported to produce superior results.8. lo
Lipomas of the tongue--report of two cases.

Two cases of lipomas originating in the tongue are described. They were incidentally found in 71 and 62-year-old males. The tumors were removed and did not recur two and three years after complete excision.
Neuropharmacology of TBI-induced plasticity.

Primary objective : The purpose of this report is to review both fundamental studies in laboratory animals and preliminary clinical data suggesting that certain drugs may affect behavioural recover...
Dual-Coded Advisory Turn Indicators for GPS Navigational Guidance of Surface Vehicles Effects of Map Orientation

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the decision times for left-right decisions for a dual-coded advisory turn indicator and a typical spatial-only turn indicator in a GPS navigational map display. BACKGROUND: Track-up maps are useful for turn decision making but do not facilitate configural knowledge acquisition of an area. North-up maps present a stable orientation for this type of learning, but typical implementations of north-up map displays lead to misaligned and confusing turn information. We compared a typical spatial-only indicator with a dual-coded spatial-plus-verbal indicator, systematically manipulating vehicle heading and measuring reaction time. The new display, the Dual-Coded Advisory Turn Indicator for Maps (DATIM), was based on an assumption of the advantages of concurrent verbal and spatial processing of advisory turn indicators in map displays. METHOD: The experimental design was a 2 x 2 x 24 mixed design with indicator type as a between-subjects factor and turn direction (left, right) and 24 heading angles (15 degrees intervals) as repeated-measures factors. Participants made turn decisions while viewing static displays of intersections at variably rotated headings. RESULTS: Reaction time for the DATIM display was consistently faster than the typical spatial-only indicator at all heading angles but especially at heading angles beyond +/- 45 degrees (520-ms difference at 180 degrees). CONCLUSION: The DATIM display produced faster turn decisions at all heading angles. APPLICATION: DATIM displays could allow north-up maps to be used for turn-by-turn decision making in GPS navigational systems. Drivers could have the advantages of both the stable orientation to facilitate planning and the easy turn-by-turn guidance. Limitations are discussed. Language: en
David W. Talmage, 1919–2014

David W. Talmage, born the sixth of seven children, was the child of Presbytarian missionaries in Kwangju, Korea and educated through high school in that country. He began his undergraduate studies at Maryville College and moved to Davidson College in North Carolina, from which he graduated in 1941. Talmage was awarded a scholarship to attend Washington University Medical School in St. Louis, hitchhiked from Davidson to St. Louis, and earned his doctorate in medicine in 1944. Apparently, when the United States entered World War II, Talmage’s entire class was inducted into the army, so eventually he found himself at the service of the army, back in Korea dealing with a cholera epidemic, and eventually becoming Advisor to the Korean Head of Public Health for the province of Chonju.
A Rapid, Ethanol-Free Fish Tissue Collection Method for Molecular Genetic Analyses

Abstract Saving valuable time in genetics research has been thoroughly addressed by the biotechnical industry in the form of ever-faster and safer DNA isolation and genotyping systems, such as solvent-free robotic DNA isolation stations, fast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machines, and semiautomated genetic analyzers. As a result, the time bottleneck has shifted to the tissue-processing phase of many projects. We developed and tested a fish tissue collection method that reduces this bottleneck by replacing liquid preservative with chromatography paper, thus providing important time-saving advantages and greater convenience while removing hazardous material constraints from tissue handling. The results show that genomic DNA isolated from caudal-fin tissue samples collected on chromatography paper is similar in mean total yield, gel appearance, and PCR performance to DNA from tissues collected with ethanol in tubes. This collection method also reduces tissue-processing time to a small fraction of the time...
Phospholipase C-delta extends intercellular signalling range and responses to injury-released growth factors in non-excitable cells.

Objectives Intercellular communication in non-excitable cells is restricted to a limited range close to the signal source. Here, we have examined whether modification of the intracellular microenvironment could prolong the spatial proposition of signal generation and could increase cell proliferation. Material and methods Mathematical models and experimental studies of endothelial repair after controlled mechanical injury were used. The models predict the diffusion range of injury-released growth factors and identify important parameters involved in a signalling regenerative mode. Transfected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to validate model results, by examining intercellular calcium signalling range, cell proliferation and wound healing rate. Results The models predict that growth factors have a limited capacity of extracellular diffusion and that intercellular signals are specially sensitive to cell phospholipase C-delta (PLCdelta) levels. As basal PLCdelta levels are increased by transfection, a significantly increased intercellular calcium range, enhanced cell proliferation, and faster wound healing rate were observed. Conclusion Our in silico and in vitro studies demonstrated that non-excitable endothelial cells respond to stimuli in a complex manner, in which intercellular communication is controlled by physicochemical properties of the stimulus and by the cell microenvironment. Such findings may have profound implications for our understanding of the tight nature of autocrine cell growth control, compensation to stress states and response to altered microenvironment, under pathological conditions.
Progression Adjustment Factors for Uniform Delay at Signalized Intersections

Signal progression plays an important role in controlling arrival pattern and delay at coordinated signalized intersections. In the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), one random and five nonrandom arrival types are identified. The delays for nonrandom arrival cases (platoon arrivals) are computed by applying progression adjustment factors (PFs) to the delay for the random arrival case. However, HCM-estimated delays are found to be significantly different from field-measured delays for Arrival Types 1, 4, and 6. For Arrival Type 2 the HCM estimations are acceptable, although the deviations are still relatively high. For Arrival Types 3 and 5 the HCM estimates the delays accurately. These findings suggest that the HCM PFs need to be revised. A new set of PFs was developed using the arrival-based delay models. A relationship between the effective green ratio, g/C, and the new PFs was established for each arrival type. With the proposed PF values, the HCM approach would be more accurate than it is with the curren...
Interrelationships between cellular proliferation, DNA alkylation and age as determinants of ethylnitrosourea-induced neoplasia.

Thirty-day-old Sprague--Dawley rats were used to study the persistence of DNA lesions (e.g., O6-alkylguanine) induced by various doses of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). Cellular proliferation was measured as an increment of DNA content per organ at 7 days post-treatment. We observed that the persistence of O6-EtGua was not affected by the various dose levels. Comparing the 3 organs, the persistence of O6-EtGua ranked in the order of brain greater than kidney greater than liver, while the percent increase in DNA content was measured as liver greater than kidney greater than brain. When the target specificity of ENU carcinogenesis in 30-day-old rats was compared to that following transplacental exposure in terms of its relationship to the persistence of DNA lesions and the rate of target cellular proliferation, it permitted the conclusion that induction of neoplasia in target cells is not only determined by persistent DNA lesions but also by the rate of proliferation of target cells at the time of exposure.
Förster signatures and qubits in optically driven quantum dot molecules

Abstract An interesting approach to achieve quantum gate operations in a solid state device is to implement an optically driven quantum gate using two vertically coupled self-assembled quantum dots, a quantum dot molecule (QDM). We present a realistic model for exciton dynamics in InGaAs/GaAs QDMs under intense laser excitation and applied electric fields. The dynamics is obtained by solutions of the Lindblad master equation. A map of the dressed ground state as function of laser energy and applied electric field exhibits rich structure that includes excitonic anticrossings that permit the identification of the relevant couplings. The optical signatures of the dipole–dipole Forster energy transfer mechanism show as splittings of several (spatially) indirect excitonic lines. Moreover, we construct a model for exciton qubit rotations by adiabatic electric field cyclic sweeps into a Forster-tunneling regime which induces level anticrossings. The proposed qubit exhibits Rabi oscillations among two well-defined exciton pairs as function of the residence time at the anticrossing.
Isolation and ultrastructural identification of membranes from the fungusGilbertella persicaria

Methods are described for isolating and identifying subcellular membranes from walled hyphae ofGilbertella persicaria. Differences in thickness and symmetry of membranes and in contents of vesicles were used to distinguish different types of membranes. Mitochondria, vacuoles, plasma membrane, and vesicles with attached ribosomes from homogenized germlings equilibrated at the 1.2/1.4 M interface in discontinuous sucrose gradients. Accelerated flotation in centrifuged Ficol-sucrose gradients resulted in the additional separation of the mixed membranes into three fractions: one contained predominantly intact mitochondria, another was composed of vacuoles and vesicles coated with ribosomes, and a third was enriched in plasma membranes. Based upon morphometric analysis, these fractions contained 92% mitochondria, 53% vacuoles, and 89% plasma membranes, respectively. The source of vesicles coated with ribosomes was investigated since rapidly growing hyphae ofG. persicaria contained little rough endoplasmic reticulum as compared with other classes of membranes. Reconstruction from electron micrographs of mitochondrial fragmentation and vesiculation suggested that most of the ribosome-coated vesicles originated from disrupted mitochondria rather than from rough endoplasmic reticulum. The study demonstrates the utility of ultrastructural markers to identify membranesin vitro independent of, or as an adjunct to, cytochemical and biochemical markers.
The genus Symploce Hebard. IV. Species from Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak), Sumatra and West Malaysia. (Dictyoptera: Blattaria, Blattellidae)

Eight species of Symploce are described, of which the following 6 are new: bicolorata (Kalimantan, Sabah), bidiensis (Sarawak), ferruginea (Sabah ; West Malaysia), paralarvata (West Malaysia), propexcavata (Sabah), and spinistylifera (Sabah). Symploce excavata (Shelford) (Sarawak), and S. larvata (Hanitsch) (Kalimantan, Sarawak; Sumatra) are redescribed. Symploce incerta (Hanitsch) (Sumatra), and S. obtusifrons (Walker) (Sarawak) are placed incertae sedis. The species are arranged in 4 species-groups, and a key is given to the males.
Intellectual Property Rights in Computer Education: Legal, Societal, and Ethical Issues

Intellectual property rights related to computer usage in academia require precise definition. The Office of Technological Assessment has made great strides in this direction. States, universities, and professional organizations have dealt with the inherent complexities of the problem. Legal cases have tested current laws. Attorneys have made clear distinctions between copyrights and patents related to intellectual property rights. Both EDU‐COM and ADAPSO have addressed societal and ethical issues in written documents. Business, industry, and professional organizations have been concerned, but society and especially educators must also address intellectual property rights. Copyright laws related to electronic media must be honored. Computer ethics and computer law should be included in current computer science courses. Academia has the responsibility to educate all those on campus as to appropriate ethical and legal behavior with respect to these issues. Academia cannot hide or ignore these problems.
Single Molecule Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in an Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

A capillary electrophoresis-based electrophoretic mobility shift assay is described wherein fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is used to resolve the bound and unbound fractions of a DNA-protein complex on the basis of their characteristic electrophoretic flow velocities.
Solvent effects on the lifetimes of photogenerated biradicals

Abstract The lifetimes of biradicals in the Norrish type II reaction are shown to be sensitive to the presence of heavy atoms and upon solvent hydrogen bonding properties.
Increased photorefractive sensitivity in double-doped KTa(1-x)Nb(x)O(3):Fe,Ti.

Double-doped KTN:Fe,Ti exhibits increased photorefractive sensitivity compared with single-doped KTN:Fe and KTN:Ti. Absorption and photoconductivity measurements correlate the increase with an increased concentration of Fe in the reduced Fe2+ valence state and to an increased fraction of Fe incorporated into the crystal from the flux.
Length and the Oxidation Kinetics of Chemical-Vapor-Deposition-Generated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Oxidation rates are measured and kinetic parameters determined by isothermal analysis for several length ranges of as-grown and processed chemical-vapor-deposition-generated multiwalled carbon nano...
Semisynthesis of a specific NH2-terminal [l-13C] Glycine adduct to sperm whale myoglobin: Intermediate protection of ɛ-amino groups with methyl acetimidate

Summary The reaction of methyl acetimidate with sperm whale ferrimyoglobin at pH 10.5 is shown to lead to preferential coupling to the ɛ-amino groups forming the ɛ-acetimidolysine derivatives. The ɛ-acetimidolysine derivative removes the nucleophilicity of the ɛ-amino group so that subsequent coupling of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-[1- 13 C] glycine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester at pH 7.2 is directed to the NH 2 -terminal valine residue. The deprotected specifically enriched N α -[1- 13 C] glycine adduct to the reconstituted, native ferrimyoglobin is determined by 13 C-NMR measurements to have a pK value of 7.8.
Groundwater sensitivity mapping in Kentucky using GIS and digitally vectorized geologic quadrangles

Groundwater sensitivity (Ray and O’dell in Environ Geol 22:345–352, 1993a) refers to the inherent ease with which groundwater can be contaminated based on hydrogeologic characteristics. We have developed digital methods for identifying areas of varying groundwater sensitivity for a ten county area of south central Kentucky at a scale of 1:100,000. The study area includes extensive limestone karst sinkhole plains, with groundwater extremely sensitive to contamination. Digitally vectorized geologic quadrangles (DVGQs) were combined with elevation data to identify both hydrogeologic groundwater sensitivity regions and zones of “high risk runoff” where contaminants could be transported in runoff from less sensitive to higher sensitivity (particularly karst) areas. While future work will fine-tune these maps with additional layers of data (soils for example) as digital data have become available, using DVGQs allows a relatively rapid assessment of groundwater sensitivity for Kentucky at a more useful scale than previously available assessment methods, such as DRASTIC and DIVERSITY.
Effect of lunar cycle on temporal variation in cardiopulmonary arrest in seven emergency departments during 11 years.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of the phase of the full and new moon on the variation in the number of daily cardiopulmonary resuscitations.DesignA retrospective analysis of a computerized billing database of emergency department visits in a cohort of seven northern New Jersey (USA) emergency depa
Therapeutic Alliance as a Measurable Psychotherapy Skill

Out of the Babel of psychotherapy models, concepts, and techniques, the therapeutic alliance stands out as a measurable phenomenon that has been shown to have a robust effect on treatment outcome. The therapeutic alliance may be a “holy grail” of psychotherapy competency because it is a validated concept that is predictive of outcome, more powerfully predictive than alternative indices, clearly defined, easily measured, and may have educational and training value. This communication reviews the concept of therapeutic alliance, the methods for measuring it, and its relationship with outcome. We also summarize the literature on how trainees acquire the ability to develop a therapeutic alliance, and evaluate the pedagogical techniques for improving trainees’ skills in this area. Finally, we present recommendations for the use of therapeutic alliance measurement in residency training for competency assessment purposes, and for pedagogical approaches for improving residents’ therapeutic alliance building skills.
Instructional, Institutional, and Sociopolitical Challenges of Teaching Multicultural Teacher Education Courses

Despite growing scholarly attention to multicultural teacher education, most scholarship focuses on teacher education students rather than those who are preparing them to teach multiculturally. This study, a grounded theory exploration of data from a survey (N = 70) of multicultural teacher educators, represents an attempt to shift some of that focus to the challenges faced by those teaching multicultural teacher education courses. Findings support many of the challenges named, but rarely empirically studied, in the literature, including the prevalence of student resistance. However, the findings revealed challenges to existing presumptions, such as evidence that the primary challenge to the implementation of sound multicultural teacher education is not a lack of multicultural sensibility in multicultural teacher educators, but the myriad challenges impeding their abilities to deliver learning experiences that are consistent with their visions for multicultural education. Implications, including those reg...
Activation of the Innate Signaling Molecule MAVS by Bunyavirus Infection Upregulates the Adaptor Protein SARM1, Leading to Neuronal Death

La Crosse virus (LACV), a zoonotic Bunyavirus, is a major cause of pediatric viral encephalitis in the United States. A hallmark of neurological diseases caused by LACV and other encephalitic viruses is the induction of neuronal cell death. Innate immune responses have been implicated in neuronal damage, but no mechanism has been elucidated. By using in vitro studies in primary neurons and in vivo studies in mice, we have shown that LACV infection induced the RNA helicase, RIG-I, and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) signaling pathway, resulting in upregulation of the sterile alpha and TIR-containing motif 1 (SARM1), an adaptor molecule that we found to be directly involved in neuronal damage. SARM1-mediated cell death was associated with induced oxidative stress response and mitochondrial damage. These studies provide an innate-immune signaling mechanism for virus-induced neuronal death and reveal potential targets for development of therapeutics to treat encephalitic viral infections.