cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CONCEPTUAL AND SCALING EVALUATION OF VEHICLE TRAFFIC THERMAL EFFECTS ON SNOW/ICE-COVERED ROADS

The potential thermal effects of traffic on road surface thermal energy balance under frost/snow cover conditions have been largely ignored in meteorological evaluations of road ice deposit conditions. Preliminary exploration of these effects, particularly for heavy traffic scenarios with calm wind conditions and an ambient temperature of 08C, is provided in this study using a conceptual model. Observational data were used to constrain the model, and parameterizations were employed to estimate the various heat transfer processes involved. The results indicate that, for heavy traffic situations, as well as for stopped traffic at intersections, the traffic thermal flux contribution at the surface is noticeable in a wide range of possible frost/snow-covered road conditions. The sensitivity to variation in traffic density, speed, and the emissivity of vehicle radiative surfaces, among others, is evaluated. Simple quantification of these traffic thermal effects, which might be considered in operational meteorological model forecasting of icy road conditions, is offered.
Negative-Index Metamaterials

The refractive index is one of the most important parameters for an optical medium. Defined as \(n = c/v\), it measures the comparative velocity of light in different media. When a light beam travels across the boundary between two different materials, it bends owing to the change in refractive index at the interface. This phenomenon, refraction, gives the reason why a water pool appears shallower than it actually is, why a straw placed partially in water at a slant seems to bend towards the surface, and why people can use eyeglasses to adjust the path of light in front of their eyes and alleviate the effects of conditions such as myopia.
Parental Characteristics and Resiliency in Identification Rates for Special Education.

Even with increased risks, many children demonstrate resiliency and avoid being labeled for special education; however, research on risk and resilience has been problematic because of inadequate statistical models, limitations of available data, and the exclusion of key protective factors. This study used a national sample to examine the influence that family and school risk and protective factors had on special education identification longitudinally. Discrete-time hazard longitudinal modeling indicated that being female, from a higher socioeconomic environment, and having parents with higher expectations for postsecondary education protected against being labeled for special education between Kindergarten and fourth grade. Higher parental expectations for postsecondary education attainment was associated with lower rates of special education identification and also appeared to moderate the effects of poverty on identification.
Topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment for refractory skin disease in dermatomyositis: a pilot study

BACKGROUND: Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory disease primarily involving the striated muscles and skin. Muscle disease usually responds to aggressive therapy with systemic corticosteroids. However, cutaneous lesions can be very resistant to systemic and topical therapies, even in combination. More treatment options are needed. Tacrolimus is an immunomodulator now available in a topical ointment. OBJECTIVE: To study the treatment of patients with refractory cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis using topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. METHODS: Six patients with recalcitrant cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis were included in this brief observational study: five adults and one pediatric patient. Five patients had classic dermatomyositis and one had dermatomyositis sine myositis. RESULTS: All had some degree of improvement of their dermatologic disease following 6-8 weeks of treatment with topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. Two had dramatic responses (>90% improvement), one had moderate (40-90%) improvement and three had minimal (20-40%) improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The dermatologic manifestations of dermatomyositis can be very difficult to treat. Multiple systemic and topical therapies have been studied. Combinations of treatments are often used, sometimes still not successfully. The results of this brief observational study using topical tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of refractory cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis are encouraging. Topical tacrolimus was a useful adjunct in the treatment of the dermatologic component of dermatomyositis in adults and children in this pilot study.
How long was Meridiani Planum wet? Applying a jarosite stopwatch to determine the duration of aqueous diagenesis

Jarosite dissolution rates can be used to determine the duration of water at Meridiani Planum and other environments containing this ephemeral, metastable ferric sulfate salt. The maximum duration of aqueous fluids in the region is calculated based on the dissolution rate of jarosite under varying temperature and ionic strength conditions. Jarosite lifetimes predicted in this study range from 1.5 a in warm dilute environments to 100 ka in NaCl-saturated brines at 250 K. The preservation of jarosite within rocks at Meridiani Planum requires that aqueous fluids were active over a small fraction of the billions of years since jarosite formed or was deposited in the region, limiting the probability of life being established in such a temporally restricted system. In addition, water-related features such as hematite spherules and crystal molds must have formed relatively quickly during this geologically short period of aqueous diagenesis.
On Bipartite Matching under the RMS Distance

Given two sets A and B of n points each in R 2 , we study the problem of computing a matching between A and B that minimizes the root mean square (rms) distance of matched pairs. We can compute an optimal matching in O(n 2+! ) time, for any ! > 0, and an " -approximation in time O((n/" ) 3/2 log 6 n). If the set B is allowed to move rigidly to minimize the rms distance, we can compute a rigid motion of B and a matching in O((n 4 /" 5/2 )log 6 n) time whose cost is within (1 + " ) factor of the optimal one.
Field Necropsy of the Horse

Being able to conduct an equine field necropsy in a safe and proficient manner is a helpful skill for the equine practitioner. Use of a systematic process enables the practitioner to develop a familiarity with normal anatomic positioning and tissue appearance such that abnormalities are quickly identified. This article outlines a systematic necropsy protocol that can be used to investigate mortality events and clinical questions.
Improved error resilient embedded video coding

The error resilient and error concealment 3-D SPIHT (ERC-SPIHT) are introduced, which are encoded with an asymmetric tree structure. Next, error resilient video transmission is presented using the ERC-SPHITC algorithm with rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code and Reed-Solomon code.
Reductive functionalization of a rhodium(III)-methyl bond by electronic modification of the supporting ligand.

Net reductive elimination (RE) of MeX (X = halide or pseudo-halide: Cl−, CF3CO2−, HSO4−, OH−) is an important step during Pt-catalyzed hydrocarbon functionalization. Developing Rh(I/III)-based catalysts for alkane functionalization is an attractive alternative to Pt-based systems, but very few examples of RE of alkyl halides and/or pseudo-halides from RhIII complexes have been reported. Here, we compare the influence of the ligand donor strength on the thermodynamic potentials for oxidative addition and reductive functionalization using [tBu3terpy]RhCl (1) {tBu3terpy = 4,4′,4′′-tri-tert-butylpyridine} and [(NO2)3terpy]RhCl (2) {(NO2)3terpy = 4,4′,4′′-trinitroterpyridine}. Complex 1 oxidatively adds MeX {X = I−, Cl−, CF3CO2− (TFA−)} to afford [tBu3terpy]RhMe(Cl)(X) {X = I− (3), Cl− (4), TFA− (5)}. By having three electron-withdrawing NO2 groups, complex 2 does not react with MeCl or MeTFA, but reacts with MeI to yield [(NO2)3terpy]RhMe(Cl)(I) (6). Heating 6 expels MeCl along with a small quantity of MeI. Repeating this experiment but with excess [Bu4N]Cl exclusively yields MeCl, while adding [Bu4N]TFA yields a mixture of MeTFA and MeCl. In contrast, 3 does not reductively eliminate MeX under similar conditions. DFT calculations successfully predict the reaction outcome by complexes 1 and 2. Calorimetric measurements of [tBu3terpy]RhI (7) and [tBu3terpy]RhMe(I)2 (8) were used to corroborate computational models. Finally, the mechanism of MeCl RE from 6 was investigated via DFT calculations, which supports a nucleophilic attack by either I− or Cl− on the Rh–CH3 bond of a five-coordinate Rh complex.
Exploiting Information Relationships for Access Control

Pervasive computing environments offer a multitude of information services that provide potentially complex types of information. Therefore, when running access control for sensitive information, these environments need to take relationships between information into account. Other approaches to relationship-aware access control (e.g., based on semantic Web rule engines) are often expensive and based on a centralized design. In this paper, we identify three types of information relationships (bundling-based, combination-based, and granularity-based) that are common and important in pervasive computing, and we integrate support for them in distributed, certificate-based access control architecture. In our approach, access control is fully distributed while sophisticated rule engines can still be used to deal with more complex access control cases. To demonstrate the feasibility of our design, we give a complexity analysis of the architecture and a performance analysis of a prototype implementation
Rapid Induction of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Transcription in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Developing Rat1

Neonates from postnatal days (pnd) 4–14 display a minimal pituitary-adrenal response to mild stress, the so-called stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP). However, during the SHRP, maternal deprivation (deprived) alters the pituitary-adrenal system, enabling neonates to become endocrine responsive to specific stimuli. Although neonates do display stress-induced ACTH, there is limited evidence for enhanced CRH gene expression early in development. The present experiment examined whether a mild stimulus (isotonic saline injection) administered to deprived and nondeprived neonates would enhance CRH biosynthesis in the paraventricular nucleus. Using in situ hybridization we measured the time course of CRH heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) and messenger RNA at 15, 30, and 240 min poststimulus. Pnd 6, 12, and 18 were included to examine the CRH gene response during and outside of the SHRP. Despite the minimal endocrine response of nondeprived pups during the SHRP, CRH hnRNA and messenger RNA were elevated at 15 min (all a...
Relationships between growth, quality, and stocking within managed old-growth northern hardwoods

An understanding of long-term growth dynamics is central to the development of sustainable uneven-aged silvicultural systems for northern hardwood forests in eastern North America. Of particular importance are quantitative assessments of the relationships between stocking control and long-term growth and quality development. This study examined these relationships in a long-term silviculture experiment established in northern hardwood stands in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Stands were old growth at the onset of the experiment and were maintained at three residual stocking levels (11.5, 16.1, and 20.7 m2·ha–1) over a 57-year period. Several aspects of long-term stocking control were evaluated, including the effects of residual stocking on tree quality development and the relationships between stand stocking and individual tree growth and stand-level production. Results suggest that residual stocking had little impact on quality development, likely due to the initial old-growth condition of the sta...
The Genus Brachypodium as a Model for Perenniality and Polyploidy

The genus Brachypodium contains annual and perennial species with both diploid and polyploid genomes. Like the annual species B. distachyon, some of the perennial and polyploid species have traits compatible with use as a model system (e.g. small genomes, rapid generation time, self-fertile and easy to grow). Thus, there is an opportunity to leverage the resources and knowledge developed for B. distachyon to use other Brachypodium species as models for perenniality and the regulation and evolution of polyploid genomes. There are two factors driving an increased interest in perenniality. First, several perennial grasses are being developed as biomass crops for the sustainable production of biofuel and it would be useful to have a perennial model system to rapidly test biotechnological crop improvement strategies for undesirable impacts on perenniality and winter hardiness. In addition, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying perenniality could be used to design strategies for improving energy crops, for example, by changing resource allocation during growth or by altering the onset of dormancy. The second factor driving increased interest in perenniality is the potential environmental benefits of developing perennial grain crops. B. sylvaticum is a perennial with attributes suitable for use as a perennial model system. A high efficiency transformation system has been developed and a genome sequencing project is underway. Since many important crops, including emerging biomass crops, are polyploid, there is a pressing need to understand the rules governing the evolution and regulation of polyploid genomes. Unfortunately, it is difficult to study polyploid crop genomes because of their size and the difficulty of manipulating those plants in the laboratory. By contrast, B. hybridum has a small polyploid genome and is easy to work with in the laboratory. In addition, analysis of the B. hybridum genome, will be greatly aided by the genome sequences of the two extant diploid species (B. distachyon and B. stacei) that apparently gave rise to B. hybridum. Availability of high quality reference genomes for these three species will be a powerful resource for the study of polyploidy.
Institutional Research Standards and Faculty Incentives: Exploring the Effects on Public Administration Scholarship

Calls for academic rigor in public administration scholarship are often greeted by equally vociferous calls for research that is relevant to practitioners. Whether couched as rigor v. relevance or theory v. practice - the nature of public administration scholarship has long been one of the field's big questions. This paper uses original data to explore an important but understudied component of public administration scholarship; namely, the influence departmental and institutional performance standards (i.e., tenure and promotion standards, annual performance standards) have on the forms of scholarship (i.e., discovery, integration, application, and teaching) public administration faculty produce. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for public administration scholarship.
Resistance to bacteria in hemorrhagic shock. I. Decline in phagocytosis-promoting capacity of serum in shock.

SummaryDuring the course of severe hemorrhagic shock in dogs there is no change in the total and differential leucocytic count or in the hemolytic activity of complement in vitro. But the phagocytosis-promoting activity of the serum is considerably reduced.
ACP Journal Club. Review: Dietary or supplemental calcium increase BMD by ≤ 1.8% in persons > 50 years of age.

Source Citation Tai V, Leung W, Grey A, Reid IR, Bolland MJ. Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015 Sep 29;351:h4183. 26420598
Impact of Obesity on Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Uterine Cancer Undergoing Robotic Surgery

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of obesity on the rate of successful sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in patients with uterine cancer undergoing robotic surgery, and compare SLN detection rates using indocyanine green (ICG) versus blue dye. We reviewed robotic cases undergoing SLN mapping with a cervical injection from January 2011 to December 2013 using either blue dye or ICG with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. Data were stratified by body mass index (BMI) and the dye used. Appropriate statistical tests were applied. Overall, 472 cases were identified. Bilateral mapping was successful in 352 cases (75 %), and unilateral mapping was successful in 73 cases (15 %). Bilateral mapping was achieved in 266 (85 %) of 312 ICG cases compared with 86 (54 %) of 160 blue-dye cases (p < 0.001). Cases with successful bilateral mapping had a median BMI of 29.8 kg/m2 (range 16.3–65.3 kg/m2); cases with no mapping had a median BMI of 34.7 kg/m2 (range 21.4–60.4 kg/m2) (p = 0.001). With increasing BMI, there was a significant decrease in successful bilateral mapping rates for both the ICG (p < 0.001) and blue-dye groups (p = 0.041); however, the use of ICG resulted in better bilateral (p = 0.002) and overall (p = 0.011) mapping rates compared with the use of blue dye in all BMI groups. ICG results in a higher overall and bilateral SLN detection than blue dye in women with uterine cancer. Successful mapping decreases with increasing BMI irrespective of the dye used; however, it is significantly improved with the use of ICG and NIR fluorescence imaging compared with blue dye.
Nocturnal transpiration causing disequilibrium between soil and stem predawn water potential in mixed conifer forests of Idaho

Soil water potential (Psi(s)) is often estimated by measuring leaf water potential before dawn (Psi(pd)), based on the assumption that the plant water status has come into equilibrium with that of the soil. However, it has been documented for a number of plant species that stomata do not close completely at night, allowing for nocturnal transpiration and thus preventing nocturnal soil-plant water potential equilibration. The potential for nighttime transpiration necessitates testing the assumption of nocturnal equilibration before accepting Psi(pd) as a valid estimate of Psi(s). We determined the magnitude of disequilibrium between Psi(pd) and Psi(s) in four temperate conifer species across three height classes through a replicated study in northern Idaho. Based on both stomatal conductance and sap flux measurements, we confirmed that the combination of open stomata and high nocturnal atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (D) resulted in nocturnal transpiration in all four species. Nocturnal stomatal conductance (g(s-noc)) averaged about 33% of mid-morning conductance values. We used species-specific estimates of g(s-noc) and leaf specific conductance to correct Psi(pd) values for nocturnal transpiration at the time the samples were collected. Compared with the unadjusted values, corrected values reflected a significantly higher Psi(pd) (when D > 0.12 kPa). These results demonstrate that comparisons of Psi(pd) among species, canopy height classes and sites, and across growing seasons can be influenced by differential amounts of nocturnal transpiration, leading to flawed results. Consequently, it is important to account for the presence of nocturnal transpiration, either through a properly parameterized model or by making Psi(pd) measurements when D is sufficiently low that it cannot drive nocturnal transpiration. Violating these conditions will likely result in underestimation of Psi(s).
Evidence of calcitonin-induced inhibition of calcitonin secretion in porcine thyroid slices.

SummaryIn the present study, the possibility of calcitonin-induced self-inhibition in porcine thyroid slices was examined. Replacing the incubation medium at 5-min intervals during incubation and increasing the volume of incubation from 2 to 15 ml were observed to enhance calcium-stimulated calcitonin secretion in vitro.The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous supply of porcine thyroids by Mr. T. F. Andreskowski of Wilson and Co., and the technical assistance of Mrs. Patricia Reese. This study was supported in part by NSF Grant GB-43214.
The Major Groups of Basidiomycetes

Needing relief from the details of spore ornamentation and cuticular structure of the North American species of Russula, I thought I would take this occasion to raise my sights to higher taxonomic levels. Ideas on classification of all the great groups of fungi have changed markedly during the past fifty years. And, it seems to me, the systematic revolutions in the phycomycetes and ascomycetes have been promulgated in textbooks and other broad mycological works and are now widely accepted. Current opinions vary as to whether the chytridiomycetes constitute a division or a class, or whether the loculoascomycetes should be regarded as a class or subclass, but this sort of slight disagreement on taxonomic rank is of little consequence. What is most important is that these groups not only seem natural in an evolutionary sense but also are definable and recognizable within a taxonomic scheme. The situation in the basidiomycetes appears different, however. Here, even recent general works accept certain major taxa which for some time have seemed to specialists hardly defensible on the basis of what is known about the fungi. What I want to do in this address, then, is offer my views on a taxonomic system for the major groups of basidiomycetes. They are certainly not proposed as the last word, even my own, on the
Study on Distribution Disciplines of Syndromes in Chronic Gastritis

Objective: To discuss the distribution disciplines of TCM syndromes and their classified symptoms of chronic superficial gastritis.Methods: By epidemiology ascertainment methods,we first determined the syndromes and symptoms to be observed,which was based on literature,and then designed a unified form for execution.Results: In 960 cases of chronic superficial gastritis,the frequencies of occurrence of different TCM syndromes were: 51.0% incoordination between the liver and stomach,18.8% stagnation of liver-qi with deficiency of the spleen,11.7% weakness of the spleen and stomach,10.2% dampness-heat of spleen and stomach and 8.3% asthenic fluid in stomach.And frequencies of occurrence of symptoms in different syndromes varied.Conclusion: The distribution disciplines of chronic superficial gastritis syndromes differed from the traditional believed ones,with Liver Stagnation related syndromes most common.There are different features in the patterns of symptoms occurrence frequencies in different syndromes.And the relationship between liver and spleen was the most intimate with the symptoms spectrum.
Study on biologic characteristics of Enterobacter sakazakii isolated from liquid milk

Comparative study on biologic characteristics of Enterobacter sakazakii isolated from pasteurism milk, UHT milk and standard Bacteria, incoulding culture characteristic, biochemical reaction, heat tolerance, drug resistance and toxicity. Analyze the relationship between the biologic characteristics.
Seeing Defective Individuals

We set out to understand adolescent worlds. The research began by locating these worlds through participant observation conducted by fieldworkers who accompanied adolescents in their schools, neighbourhoods and friendship groups. The study continued by means of interviews in which the line of questioning assumed the existence both of social worlds and of the interviewee’s involvement in those worlds.1 In contrast, most researchers who investigate adolescent drug use are looking for entities other than social worlds. Operating from the epidemiological and political models discussed in Chapter 1, they expect personality variables, physiological effects and deviants. Their experiments and surveys deliver these entities to them as surely as our participant observation and interviewing bring us social worlds.
Technology Assessment: Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS)

The Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS) is remembered as the largest bond default in the history of the USA. WPPSS was an ambitious program for the construction of multiple nuclear power plants to augment hydroelectric power and instead became known as the WPPSS (or “Woops”) debacle. WPPSS was started as a small municipal corporation in the mid-1950s to meet future electric power needs of the residential, industrial, and commercial sectors in the Northwest region of the United States. The WPPSS charter was to enable electric public utilities to combine their resources to build large power generation plants and benefit from economies of scale. WPPSS initially consisted of 17 utilities including Seattle City Light, Washington State’s largest public utility.
Pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamics of romifidine following low‐dose intravenous administration in combination with exercise to quarter horses

Romifidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for sedation and analgesia in horses. As it is a prohibited substance, its purported use at low doses in performance horses necessitates further study. The primary goal of the study reported here was to describe the serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of romifidine following low-dose administration immediately prior to exercise, utilizing a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay that is currently employed in many drug testing laboratories. An additional objective was to describe changes in heart rate and rhythm following intravenous administration of romifidine followed by exercise. Eight adult Quarter Horses received a single intravenous dose of 5 mg (0.01 mg/kg) romifidine followed by 1 h of exercise. Blood samples were collected and drug concentrations measured at time 0 and at various times up to 72 h. Mean ± SD systemic clearance, steady-state volume of distribution and terminal elimination half-life were 34.1 ± 6.06 mL/min/kg and 4.89 ± 1.31 L/kg and 3.09 ± 1.18 h, respectively. Romifidine serum concentrations fell below the LOQ (0.01 ng/mL) and the LOD (0.005 ng/mL) by 24 h postadministration. Heart rate and rhythm appeared unaffected when a low dose of romifidine was administered immediately prior to exercise.
Nanomaterial-enhanced frequency combs (Conference Presentation)

Optical cavities are able to confine and store specific wavelengths of light, acting as optical amplifiers at those wavelengths. Because the amount of amplification is directly related to the cavity quality factor (Q) (or the cavity finesse), frequency comb research has focused on high-Q and ultra-high Q microcavities fabricated from a range of materials using a variety of methods. In all cases, the comb generation relies on a nonlinear process known as parametric frequency conversion which is based on a third order nonlinear interaction and which results in four wave mixing (FWM). Clearly, this approach requires significant optical power, which was the original motivation for using ultra-high-Q cavities. In fact, the majority of research to date has focused on pursuing increasingly high Q factors. However, another strategy is to improve the nonlinearity of the resonator through intelligently designing materials for this application. In the present work, a suite of nanomaterials (organic and inorganic) have been intelligently designed with the explicit purpose to enhance the nonlinearity of the resonator and reducing the threshold for frequency comb generation in the near-IR. The nanomaterials do not change the structure of the comb and only act to reduce the comb threshold. The silica microcavity is used as a testbed for initial demonstration and verification purposes. However, the fundamental strategy is translatable to other whispering gallery mode cavities.
The Co-Operative Marketing Association as a Factor in Adjusting Production to Demand

The impression seems to have been made in some quarters that California co-operative associations have found effective ways to adjust production to demand. Now it is true that such adjustment is being attempted, and with some measure of success. But the attempt brings out the fact that the fundamental difficulties are essentially similar to those encountered in other places where anything of the sort is attempted. I realize that this subject has been discussed before, particularly in Professor Jesness' excellent paper of two years ago. 2 I shall, therefore, base my discussion largely on the experiences in a state where some large-scale experiments are being tried. I might say at this point that the term "adjusting production to demand" is an inadequate statement of the problem unless qualified. "Demand" cannot be considered as a requirement for a fixed quantity of any good except at a given moment and at a stated price. The problem is therefore one of so adjusting production as to bring forth a quantity which will result in a price sufficient to induce farmers to attempt to produce that quantity. Such a conception will not, however, satisfy those who say that farmers as a whole are willing to produce for too low a return. But it does suggest a correction for the present situation in which there are periods of over-production when even the best farmers make little or nothing, followed by periods of under-production when even the worst farmers make money. There are two types of variation which cooperative associations must face. One includes those long-time swings sometimes spoken of as production cycles. The other in-
Within gut physicochemical variation does not correspond to distinct resident fungal and bacterial communities in the tree-killing xylophage, Anoplophora glabripennis.

Abstract Insect guts harbor diverse microbial assemblages that can be influenced by multiple factors, including gut physiology and interactions by the host with its environment. The Asian longhorned beetle (A. glabripennis; Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is an invasive tree–killing insect that harbors a diverse consortium of fungal and bacterial gut associates that provision nutrients and facilitate lignocellulose digestion. The physicochemical conditions of the A. glabripennis gut and how these conditions may influence the microbial composition across gut regions are unknown. In this study, we used microsensors to measure in situ oxygen concentrations, pH, and redox potential along the length of the A. glabripennis larval gut from two North American populations. We then analyzed and compared bacterial and fungal gut communities of A. glabripennis within individual hosts along the length of the gut using 16S and ITS1 amplicon sequencing. The A. glabripennis midgut lumen was relatively anoxic (
Source Characterization By Correlation Techniques

The use of correlation techniques provides a vital tool in understanding and characterizing mechanisms of flow induced sound and vibration. This chapter outlines the basic mathematical relations used in the derivation of such techniques, introducing fundamental quantities such as the cross-correlation function and coherence function. These techniques are then applied to specific aeroacoustic examples, establishing the causal relationship between measured sound and its source. These examples include the measurement of trailing edge noise by suppression of background acoustic contamination, correlation measurements between surface pressure and far field radiated acoustic pressure fields, and the characterization of a turbulent flow field using the integrated surface pressure response of a rotating propeller.
Use of the McGRATH™ MAC: To view or not to view?

Abstract Background Due to the life-threatening consequences that a failed tracheal intubation entails, many efforts have been made to identify specific patient features, which may predict difficulty during tracheal intubation. In addition, debate exists as to whether or not video-assisted laryngoscopy (VAL) should replace direct laryngoscopy and if airway practitioners will lose their skills associated with direct laryngoscopy, now that VAL use has increased in clinical practice. Aim This study was designed to determine the first attempt success rate of tracheal intubation with the McGRATH™ MAC laryngoscope using direct visualization in patients with known difficult airways, as well as exploring the possibility of identifying a particular direct Cormack-Lehane (C-L) grade view where indirect (video) visualization can be most beneficial during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods Following IRB/ethical board approval and written informed consent, 100 adult patients (age > 18 years) with an ASA status I-III and a BMI 2 who met ≥ 2 of the following inclusion criteria: Mallampatti class: III-IV, reduced mouth opening 40 cm for females, > 43 cm for males), thyromental distance Results Out of the 94 patients that were included in the data analysis, 72 (76.6%) were successfully intubated via direct laryngoscopy and 16 (17%) were successfully intubated via indirect (video) laryngoscopy on the first attempt with the McGRATH™ MAC ( P = 0.59). This translates to an overall first-attempt success rate of 96.15% (n = 88). Six patients required a second attempt for tracheal intubation, in which indirect (video) laryngoscopy was then performed, representing an 83% second attempt success rate (n = 5; 5.3%). One patient (1.1%) required a third intubation attempt and an alternative device was used to secure the airway (n = 1; Table 1). The most common initial C-L grade view during the first attempt was a 2b (28.7%), which accounted for 36.1% of the 72 patients that were successfully intubated via direct laryngoscopy (n = 26). A noticeable C-L grade view improvement was observed with the use of the McGRATH™ MAC using the indirect view. Thus, the most common initial indirect C-L grade view during the first attempt was a 1 (54.3%), which accounted for 65.3% of the 72 patients that were successfully intubated via direct laryngoscopy (n = 47). Conclusion The McGRATH™ MAC is a versatile laryngoscope that allows both direct and indirect (video) laryngoscopy to be performed, simultaneously if needed, with a favorable chance of successful intubation during the first attempt. VAL with the McGRATH™ MAC exhibited an enhanced glottic view and served as a successful rescue airway device during inadequate glottic visualization and/or unsuccessful tracheal intubation, after failing with the same device when direct laryngoscopy was performed.
Rod-ring dielectric resonator antenna: Research Articles

A dielectric resonator combining two cylindrical dielectrics of different material and height and excited by a coaxial probe is considered. The effect of the antenna parameters, such as the ratio of the height and radius of the dielectrics and the effect of the probe length, are investigated. Analysis of the antenna is performed numerically using the method of moments (MoM) and verified by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Agreement between the two methods is excellent. The performance of the antenna on a cellular-communication system is also considered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 14, 441–446, 2004.
Arthroplasty for glenohumeral arthritis in shoulders with a previous Bristow or Latarjet procedure.

Background Coracoid transfer has become increasingly popular for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Despite the success, glenohumeral arthropathy develops in some patients. Arthroplasty in this population is complicated by altered anatomy, scarring, and retained hardware. This study evaluated shoulder arthroplasty in patients with a previous Latarjet or Bristow procedure. Methods Between 1980 and 2014, 33 patients underwent shoulder arthroplasty after coracoid transfer. Of these, 17 men and 13 women were monitored for a minimum of 2 years or until reoperation. Arthroplasty procedures included hemiarthroplasty (HA) in 5, total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in 14, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in 11. Outcome measures included pain, range of motion, complications, and reoperations. Results At the most recent follow-up, pain had significantly improved in all arthroplasty groups. Elevation and external rotation also improved significantly (P Conclusions Shoulder arthroplasty in patients after prior coracoid transfer is technically challenging, yet improvements in pain and function are predictable. Instability and glenoid loosening are common reasons for revision surgery, likely related to difficulties in achieving a good soft tissue balance.
Logarithmic Radix Binning and Vectorized Triangle Counting

Triangle counting is a building block for numerous graph applications and given the fact that graphs continue to grow in size, its scalability is important. As such, numerous algorithms have been designed for triangle counting - some of which are compute-bound rather than memory bound. Even for compute-bound algorithms, one of the key challenges is the limited control flow available on the processor. This is in-part due to the high dependency between the control flow, input data, and limited utilization of vector instructions. Not surprising, compilers are not always able to detect these data dependencies and vectorize the algorithms. Using the branch-avoiding model we show to remove control flow restrictions by replacing branches with an equivalent set of arithmetic operations. More so, we show how these can be vectorized using Intel's AVX-512 instruction set and that our new vectorized algorithms are 2×–5× faster than scalar counterparts. We also present a new load balancing method, Logarithmic Radix Binning (LRB) that ensures that threads and the vector data lanes execute a near equal amount of work at any given time. Altogether, our algorithm outperforms several 2017 HPEC Graph Challenge Champions such as the KOKKOS framework and a GPU based algorithm by anywhere from 1.5× and up to 14×.
Retrieval of aerosols over Asia from the Advanced Himawari Imager: Expansion oftemporal coverage of the global Dark Target aerosol product

Abstract. For nearly two decades we have been quantitatively observing the Earth’s aerosol system from space at one or two times of the day by applying the Dark Target family of algorithms to polar-orbiting satellite sensors, particularly MODIS and VIIRS. With the launch of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and the Advanced Baseline Imagers (ABIs) into geosynchronous orbits, we have the new ability to expand temporal coverage of the traditional aerosol optical depth (AOD) to resolve the diurnal signature of aerosol loading during daylight hours. Here, we describe how the Dark Target aerosol algorithms are adopted for the wavelengths and resolutions of AHI, and show retrieval results from AHI for a two-month period of May–June 2016. The AHI-retrieved AOD is collocated in time and space with existing AErosol RObotic NETwork stations across Asia and with collocated Terra- and Aqua-MODIS retrievals. The new AHI AOD product matches AERONET, as well as does the standard MODIS product, and the agreement between AHI and MODIS retrieved AOD is excellent, as can be expected by maintaining consistency in algorithm architecture and most algorithm assumptions. Furthermore, we show that the new product approximates the AERONET-observed diurnal signature. Examining the diurnal patterns of the new AHI AOD product we find specific areas over land where the diurnal signal is spatially cohesive. For example, in Bangladesh, the AOD increases by 0.50 from morning to evening, and in northeast China, the AOD decreases by 0.25. However, over the open ocean the observed diurnal cycle is driven by two artifacts, one associated with solar zenith angles greater than 70° that may be caused by a radiative transfer model that does not properly represent spherical Earth, and the other artifact associated with the fringes of the 40° glint angle mask. Future work to make the Dark Target AHI algorithm operational will need to re-examine masking including snow mask, re-evaluate assumed aerosol models for geosynchronous geometry, address the artifacts over the ocean and investigate size parameter retrieval from the over-ocean algorithm.
Wallet or Gun? Evaluating Factors that Affect Anticipation Ability in a Use-of-Force Scenario

Despite widespread media coverage of police use-of-force incidents resulting in serious injury or death, there has been relatively little research conducted on how those decisions are made. The current study is a first step toward investigation of deception in shoot/no-shoot situations. We approach this study from the perspective of perceptual–cognitive expertise, a concept that has been studied in sport for 50 years to determine the cognitive underpinnings behind athletes anticipating their opponents’ actions. Participants watched temporally-occluded video stimuli of actors pulling either a revolver or a wallet from two concealed locations on their body, and then anticipated whether the object was a weapon or a non-weapon. The data were analyzed using signal detection metrics, an approach which results in independent measures of sensitivity and response bias. We found that sensitivity was affected by occlusion point and draw location. When only the initial part of the draw motion was visible (and the object was not yet visible), participants were relatively unbiased in their responses. However, as more of the draw motion was revealed, participants tended to adopt a liberal response bias: they identified the object as a weapon more frequently than as a non-weapon.
In vitro aged, hiPSC-origin engineered heart tissue models with age-dependent functional deterioration to study myocardial infarction.

Abstract Deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease increased by 41.7% from 1990 to 2013. This is primarily due to an increase in the aged population, however, research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been overlooking aging, a well-documented contributor to CVD. The use of young animals is heavily preferred due to lower costs and ready availability, despite the prominent differences between young and aged heart structure and function. Here we present the first human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte (iCM)-based, in vitro aged myocardial tissue model as an alternative research platform. Within 4 months, iCMs go through accelerated senescence and show cellular characteristics of aging. Furthermore, the model tissues fabricated using aged iCMs, with stiffness resembling that of aged human heart, show functional and pharmacological deterioration specific to aged myocardium. Our novel tissue model with age-appropriate physiology and pathology presents a promising new platform for investigating CVD or other age-related diseases. Statement of Significance In vitro and in vivo models of cardiovascular disease are aimed to provide crucial insight on the pathology and treatment of these diseases. However, the contribution of age-dependent cardiovascular changes is greatly underestimated through the use of young animals and premature cardiomyocytes. Here, we developed in vitro aged cardiac tissue models that mimic the aged heart tissue microenvironment and cellular phenotype and present the first evidence that age-appropriate in vitro disease models can be developed to gain more physiologically-relevant insight on development, progression, and amelioration of cardiovascular diseases.
Surgical Treatment of Periodontal Diseases—a Review of Current Clinical Research

This manuscript reviews the literature concerning the surgical treatment of periodontal diseases focusing on studies published within the last three years (2016–2019). A thorough review of four databases was completed including clinical human research studies and systematic reviews. Several recent studies have focused on evaluating the effects of combining alloplastic materials with autologous platelet-rich products and growth factors. The results of most of these studies are similar to those with traditionally used allografts. New membranes of human, animal, stem cell, or alloplastic origin, used for guided tissue regeneration procedures, perform similarly to the traditionally used resorbable collagen membranes. Addition of pharmacologic agents to regenerative procedures presents moderately favorable results. Tissue engineering and stem cell research are also expanding, although most of these studies are in vitro or in animal models. Newer minimally invasive surgical techniques and equipment that allow for better visibility and less invasive surgical approach have shown favorable results. Finally, systematic reviews conclude that there is lack of evidence to support LASERs as an alternative to more traditional surgical periodontal treatment. The focus of many recent human clinical studies has been to evaluate the combination of alloplastic and xenogeneic materials with autologous platelet-rich products, growth factors, and pharmacologic agents. The results of these combinations are similar to traditionally used allografts. The great variability between study design, materials, and techniques highlights the need for well-designed randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies.
Opioid use after minimally invasive hysterectomy in gynecologic oncology patients

Abstract Objectives To quantify, and identify predictors of, post-discharge opioid use in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH). Methods For this prospective cohort study, gynecologic oncology patients planning to undergo MIH were recruited at a single institution. Post-operative opioid usage was evaluated via chart review and surveys at 1–2-week and 4–6-week post-operative visits. Opioids are converted to oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME) for standardization. Descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression were used to quantify opioid requirements and evaluate predictors of post-discharge opioid use respectively. Results One hundred eighteen eligible women underwent MIH. Of these, 108 had complete data at both follow-up timepoints. Malignancy was present in 79% of cases, 71% of which were endometrial cancer. Most surgeries were laparoscopic (73%). Median hospital stay was 1 night (IQR 1–1). Inpatients received a median of 30.75 MME (IQR 7.5–52.5 MME). Twenty-three women (21.3%) used no opioids while inpatient. At the 1–2-week follow-up median usage was 6 pills of 5 mg oxycodone, or 45 MME (IQR 0–15.5 pills). After complete follow-up, median post-discharge usage was 10 pills, or 75 MME (IQR 0–22.5 pills) and 36 participants (33.33%) used no opioids after hospital discharge. The median prescription was for 30 pills (range 10–60). Above median inpatient opioid use was associated with an increased risk of above median opioid usage after hospital discharge (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.38–3.87) on multivariable analysis. Conclusions In this cohort, opioids were overprescribed relative to use. Inpatient use was the strongest predictor of post-discharge opioid use. More restrictive, and personalized, opioid prescribing practices may be a pathway to reduce opioid misuse and diversion. Precis Opioids were overprescribed by a factor of three to gynecologic oncology patients, whose inpatient opioid requirement predicted post-discharge opioid needs after minimally invasive hysterectomy.