cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of palindromic and non-palindromic sequences in arresting DNA synthesis in vitro and in Vivo

The nature of specific DNA sequences that arrest synthesis by mammalian DNA polymerase alpha in vitro was analyzed using circular, single-stranded M13 or phi X174 virion DNA templates annealed to a unique, terminally labeled, DNA primer. This method rigorously defined both the starting nucleotide position and the direction of synthesis, as well as making the amount of radioactivity proportional to the number rather than the length of nascent DNA chains. The precise nucleotide locations of arrest sites were determined over templates with complementary sequences by cloning unique DNA restriction fragments into M13 DNA and isolating virions containing either the Watson or Crick strand. Results were correlated with the locations of palindromic (self-complementary) sequences, repeated sequences, and repeated sequences with mirror-image orientation. Two classes of DNA synthesis arrest sites were identified, distinct in structure but equivalent in activity. Class I sites consisted of palindromic sequences that formed a stable hairpin structure in solution and arrested DNA polymerase on both complementary templates. The polymerase stopped precisely at the base of the duplex DNA stem, regardless of the direction from which the enzyme approached. Class II sites consisted of non-palindromic sequences that could not be explained by either secondary structure or sequence symmetry elements, and whose complementary sequence was not an arrest site. Size limits, orientation and some sequence specificity for arrest sites were suggested by the data. Arrest sites were also observed in vivo by mapping the locations of 3'-end-labeled nascent simian virus 40 DNA strands throughout the genome. Arrest sites closest to the region where termination of replication occurs were most pronounced, and the locations of 80% of the most prominent sites appeared to be recognized by alpha-polymerase on the same template in vitro. However, class I sites were not identified in vivo, suggesting that palindromic sequences do not form hairpin structures at replication forks.
Comprehensive STD/HIV Prevention Education Targeting US Adolescents: review of an ethical dilemma and proposed ethical framework

Adolescents are increasingly at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The prolonged latency period, sometimes in excess of five years, and the incubation period of up to 10 years before the manifestation of symptoms, may foster adolescents’ false sense of invincibility and denial as they often do not see the devastating effects of the disease in their peers until they are older. In turn, their practice of safer sex may be hindered and thereby contribute to the escalation of this public health crisis among sexually active adolescents. Prevention-focused recommendations were made in the USA as a result of this crisis. Recommendations were made to: (1) include STD/HIV education in the curricula of grades kindergarten to 12; (2) increase to at least 75% the proportion of primary care and mental health professionals who provide age-appropriate STD/HIV prevention counselling to adolescents; and (3) expand HIV prevention services to include age-app...
Impact of density of Aphis craccivora (Aphididae) on growth and yield of susceptible and resistant cowpea cultivars

Summary Impact of initial density of cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae) at infestation on the growth and yield of aphid-susceptible cowpea cultivar ICV-1 and aphid-resistant cultivar ICV-12, was investigated. Plants at the seedling, flowering and podding stages of development were infested with five aphid densities consisting of 0, 2, 5, 10 and. 20 aphids per plant and maintained for 22 days. Extended leaf heights of plants and aphid counts were recorded at 7, 12, 17 and 22 days after infestation. Two crop growth parameters (biomass duration and leaf area duration), and two plant yield parameters (number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod) were recorded. Due to the occurrence of parthenogenesis and changes in population dynamics during infestations, aphid densities were converted into cumulative cowpea aphid-days, to facilitate data analyses and interpretation. ANOVA indicated that there was significant (P=s 0.05) difference in aphid-day accumulations between the two cultivars when infested at the seedling stage. Accumulations on cv. ICV-1 were greater than on cv. ICV-12. However, no such differences between the cultivars were detected when plants were infested at flowering and podding stages. Therefore, the seedling stage was used for comparisons of the impact of cowpea aphid-days on the growth and yield parameters of the two cultivars. At the 95% confidence intervals, ICV-12 plants were consistently taller than ICV-1 plants. Infested ICV-1 seedlings showed stunting and other growth deformities which were not observed on ICV-12 plants. Regression analyses revealed substantial reductions in the growth and yield parameters of ICV-1 relative to ICV-12. Overall, cowpea aphid-days provided a convenient and reliable method for studying the aphid population dynamics and the subsequent impact on plant growth and yield performance.
Trends in the use of the pulmonary artery catheter in the United States, 1993-2004.

ContextAlthough there is now substantial evidence that pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization does not reduce mortality in critically ill patients, it is unknown whether national utilization has decreased in response.ObjectiveTo determine trends in PA catheterization use in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA time trend analysis on national estimates of PA catheterization utilization from 1993-2004 using data from all US states contributing to the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Hospital admissions for those participants aged 18 years or older were assessed, with primary analysis focused on admissions with a medical diagnosis related group and a secondary analysis focused on surgical admissions. PA catheterization was identified by 5 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision procedure codes describing PA or wedge-pressure monitoring, measurement of mixed venous blood gases, or monitoring of cardiac output by oxygen consumption or other technique.Main Outcome MeasureAnnual PA catheterization use per 1000 medical admissions.ResultsBetween 1993 and 2004, PA catheterization use decreased by 65% from 5.66 to 1.99 per 1000 medical admissions (risk ratio [RR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.42). Among patients who died during hospitalization, a group whose disease severity may be consistent across time, the relative decline was similar, decreasing from 54.7 to 18.1 per 1000 deaths (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.28-0.38). A significant change in trend occurred following a 1996 study that suggested increased mortality with PA catheterization. The decline in utilization was similar in surgical patients (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25-0.49). Among common diagnoses associated with PA catheterization, the decline was most prominent for myocardial infarction, which decreased by 81% (RR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.15-0.23), and least prominent for septicemia, which decreased by 54% (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38-0.54). Sensitivity analyses suggested findings were not due to artifact of changing procedure coding practice.ConclusionUse of the PA catheter, previously a hallmark of critical care practice, has decreased in the United States during the last decade, possibly due to growing evidence that this invasive procedure does not reduce mortality.
Regional cerebral blood flow pattern in focal epileptiform seizures in the monkey

The [14C]antipyrine method for measuring regional cerebral blood flow was utilized in experimental focal epilepsy, to explore its usefulness in identifying cortical and subcortical structures implicated in the propagation of paroxysmal activity. During a unilateral seizure induced by injecting penicillin into the right sensorimotor cortex of the monkey, increased cerebral blood flow was observed in the cortical area contiguous to the primary focus, the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, and the ipsilateral putamen, globus pallidus, thalamic nuclei, substantia nigra, contralateral cerebellar hemisphere and dentate nucleus. The principal advantage of this procedure is the global appraisal of brain activity at one phase in the seizure production. The method, other than by inference, does not demonstrate the neuronal pathways nor the sequence of nuclear involvement.
Enceladus's measured physical libration requires a global subsurface ocean

Abstract Several planetary satellites apparently have subsurface seas that are of great interest for, among other reasons, their possible habitability. The geologically diverse saturnian satellite Enceladus vigorously vents liquid water and vapor from fractures within a south polar depression and thus must have a liquid reservoir or active melting. However, the extent and location of any subsurface liquid region is not directly observable. We use measurements of control points across the surface of Enceladus accumulated over seven years of spacecraft observations to determine the satellite’s precise rotation state, finding a forced physical libration of 0.120 ± 0.014° (2σ). This value is too large to be consistent with Enceladus’s core being rigidly connected to its surface, and thus implies the presence of a global ocean rather than a localized polar sea. The maintenance of a global ocean within Enceladus is problematic according to many thermal models and so may constrain satellite properties or require a surprisingly dissipative Saturn.
On the optimality of M-group decentralized STBC for cooperative networks

This paper investigates an optimal decentralized Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) transmission strategy given an overhead constraint. The design of protocols for a cooperative network is formulated as an optimization problem. By solving the proposed problem, M-group decentralized STBC is proved to be the optimal strategy when neither central control nor inter-relay communications is permitted. The optimality of M-group holds in not only ideal Rayleigh fading but also in more realistic scenarios. Simulation results verify the analysis.
Biomechanics of temporo-parietal skull fracture

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of research on the biomechanics of head injury with an emphasis on the tolerance of the skull to lateral impacts. The anatomy of this region of the skull is briefly described from a biomechanical perspective. Human cadaver investigations using unembalmed and embalmed and intact and isolated specimens subjected to static and various types of dynamic loading (e.g., drop, impactor) are described. Fracture tolerances in the form of biomechanical variables such as peak force, peak acceleration, and head injury criteria are used in the presentation. Lateral impact data are compared, where possible, with other regions of the cranial vault (e.g., frontal and occipital bones) to provide a perspective on relative variations between different anatomic regions of the human skull. The importance of using appropriate instrumentation to derive injury metrics is underscored to guide future experiments. Relevance A unique advantage of human cadaver tests is the ability to obtain fundamental data for delineating the biomechanics of the structure and establishing tolerance limits. Force–deflection curves and acceleration time histories are used to derive secondary variables such as head injury criteria. These parameters have direct application in safety engineering, for example, in designing vehicular interiors for occupant protection. Differences in regional biomechanical tolerances of the human head have implications in clinical and biomechanical applications.
Modeling of Flexible Rotor Machines Supported with Hydrostatic Bearings

In this paper a method is described that takes the nonlinear dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients for multiple hydrostatic bearings and incorporates them into a rotordynamic FEM model for a rotating machine. A Newton-Raphson iteration scheme is presented that uses updated bearing coefficients at every iteration to the solution. A non-linear computer program was written using the method described which models transient and synchronous response and calculates damped eigenvalues.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
How Emotions Develop and How they Organise Development

Abstract Concepts from functional theories of emotions are integrated with principles of skill development to produce a theory of emotional development. The theory provides tools for predicting both the sequences of emotional development and the ways emotions shape development. Emotions are characterised in terms of three component models: (a) the process of emotion generation from event appraisal, (b) a hierarchy of emotion categories organised around a handful of basic-emotion families, and (c) a characterisation of emotions in terms of prototypic event scripts. The basic emotions and the positive vs. negative hedonic components of emotions function as constraints or organisers that shape behaviour whenever an emotion is activated. Through these patterning effects, emotions shape both short-term behavioural organisation and long-term development. The skill-development component of the theory explains how, as children grow, they construct and control increasingly complex skills—which affect many aspects ...
Effect of adiposity on insulin action after acute and chronic resistance exercise in non-diabetic women

Obesity may attenuate metabolic health improvements following lifestyle interventions. However, the effect of adiposity on insulin action following resistance exercise in young non-diabetic women is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adiposity attenuates improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (INS0–60/GLC0–60) after both acute resistance exercise (ARE) and progressive training (PRT). Twenty-six young non-diabetic women (21.2 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to control (C; n = 7; BF 40.1 ± 2.1 %) or exercise groups: normal body fat (NBF; n = 8; BF 29.9 ± 2.3 %) and high body fat (HBF; n = 12; BF 48.2 ± 1.4 %). Acute whole-body exercises were performed at 60 % of 1-RM for three sets of 8–12 repetitions, and PRT was performed 3 days/week for 7 weeks. A 75 g OGTT was conducted before and after ARE and PRT to estimate insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and INS0–60/GLC0–60. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal model. ARE had no statistical effect on insulin action across groups. Strength and fat-free mass (via DXA) increased after PRT in both NBF and HBF (p < 0.05), but only HBF women decreased BF (p < 0.01). HBF women were less insulin sensitive at baseline compared to NBF women (p < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity increased 95 % and INS0–60/GLC0–60 decreased 32 % following PRT in NBF, but not HBF or C (p < 0.05). After training, enhanced insulin sensitivity was inversely related to decreased INS0–60/GLC0–60 (r = −0.71, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (r = −0.71, p < 0.001), and insulin AUC (r = −0.85, p < 0.001). Seven weeks of PRT increases insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NBF, but not HBF women. Obesity attenuates exercise-induced improvements in glucose regulation in young non-diabetic women.
Elimination of junk document surrogate candidates through pattern recognition

A surrogate is an object that stands for a document and enables navigation to that document. Hypermedia is often represented with textual surrogates, even though studies have shown that image and text surrogates facilitate the formation of mental models and overall understanding. Surrogates may be formed by breaking a document down into a set of smaller elements, each of which is a surrogate candidate. While processing these surrogate candidates from an HTML document, relevant information may appear together with less useful junk material, such as navigation bars and advertisements.This paper develops a pattern recognition based approach for eliminating junk while building the set of surrogate candidates. The approach defines features on candidate elements, and uses classification algorithms to make selection decisions based on these features. For the purpose of defining features in surrogate candidates, we introduce the Document Surrogate Model (DSM), a streamlined Document Object Model (DOM)-like representation of semantic structure. Using a quadratic classifier, we were able to eliminate junk surrogate candidates with an average classification rate of 80%. By using this technique, semiautonomous agents can be developed to more effectively generate surrogate collections for users. We end by describing a new approach for hypermedia and the semantic web, which uses the DSM to define value-added surrogates for a document.
Rating perceived exertion during short duration, very high intensity cycle exercise.

This study compared undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during short duration, very high intensity cycle exercise using high and low resistance. 30 recreationally trained males (24...
The role of bHLH genes in ear development and evolution: revisiting a 10-year-old hypothesis

In mouse ear development, two bHLH genes, Atoh1 and Neurog1, are essential for hair cell and sensory neuron differentiation. Evolution converted the original simple atonal-dependent neurosensory cell formation program of diploblasts into the derived developmental program of vertebrates that generates two neurosensory cell types, the sensory neuron and the sensory hair cell. This transformation was achieved through gene multiplication in ancestral triploblasts resulting in the expansion of the atonal bHLH gene family. Novel genes of the Neurogenin and NeuroD families are upregulated prior to the expression of Atoh1. Recent data suggest that NeuroD and Neurogenin were lost or their function in neuronal specification reduced in flies, thus changing our perception of the evolution of these genes. This sequence of expression changes was accompanied by modification of the E-box binding sites of these genes to regulate different downstream genes and to form inhibitory loops among each other, thus fine-tuning expression transitions.
eCAM: Neuroendocrineimmune, Electroacupuncture and Gene Expression

As mentioned in the first issue of volume 7, there was a review of covers and how these images could have served to prick the imagination of readers and invite esthetic appreciation of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) before opening the pages to the scientific evidence-based work; however, covers were intended to stimulate an interest in contemporary art and how it might be related remotely to art (1, 2). Essentially, all of the images might be considered as high art as related to high culture and much too complicated and perhaps even inappropriate here. Suffice it to say, the works would evoke immediately for initiated the usual forms of what everyone considers art is all about. However, to depart from these and the periods in CAM early I decided to place on the covers figures that at first glance might re-sample contemporary art. There are brilliant colors, especially greens and reds, some suggestion of order often in the midst of disorder. Now, we come to the second issue and start with the origin of a portion of the title neuroendocrineimmune and its first usage in relation to eCAM. Next, we will treat briefly a proteomic approach to electroacupuncture (EA), departing from classical guesses and providing sound molecular interpretations. Results are all embracing: the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. First, here is a very brief description of the covers for eCAM supplements (3, 4). Supplement 4: ETM 2007 European Traditional Medicine International Congress, Vinci, Italy, October 4–6, 2007. ‘Star of Bethlehem: (Family Liliaceae, Ornithogalum umbellatum L)’, Leonardo da Vinci, Italy; pen and ink over chalk on paper. Reproduced by the kind permission of the Royal Collection 2006 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. The concept of nature is fundamental in Leonardo’s art. The Star of Bethlehem is an ornamental plant; the florescence can bear 20 flowers. It is a toxic plant and poisonous if ingested, it contains cardiac glycosides in all parts with the bulbs containing a higher percentage of the toxin. Preliminary studies in the 1970s were devoted to its possible treatment of heart failure but these were abandoned. Supplement 6: Sasang Constitutional Medicine: as a Holistic Tailored Medicine. The Banquet of Seowangmo (Xiwangmu), Queen Mother of the West. Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), 18–19th Century Screen/Scroll, painting. Eight-panel screen, ink, color and gold on silk.
Dimensional structure and correlates of posttraumatic stress symptoms following suspected acute coronary syndrome

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous construct, and some have suggested that PTSD triggered by acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may differ from PTSD due to prototypical traumas.
Results on convergence in hybrid systems via detectability and an invariance principle

Two invariance principles for generalized hybrid systems are presented. One version involves the use of a nonincreasing function, like in the original work of LaSalle. The other version involves "meagreness" conditions. These principles characterize asymptotic convergence of bounded hybrid trajectories to weakly invariant sets. A detectability property is used to locate a set in which the Q-limit set of a trajectory is contained. Next, it is shown how the invariance principles can be used to certify asymptotic stability in hybrid systems. Lyapunov and Krasovskii theorems for hybrid systems are included.
An improved reconstruction algorithm for 3-D diffraction tomography using spherical-wave sources

Diffraction tomography (DT) is an inversion technique that reconstructs the refractive index distribution of a weakly scattering object. In this paper, a novel reconstruction algorithm for three-dimensional diffraction tomography employing spherical-wave sources is mathematically developed and numerically implemented. Our algorithm is numerically robust and is much more computationally efficient than the conventional filtered backpropagation algorithm. Our previously developed algorithm for DT using plane-wave sources is contained as a special case.
Venetian Turpentine as an Aid in Squashing and Concomitant Production of Durable Chromosome Mounts

Root tips are hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl at 60 C for 10–12 min, Feulgen stained, and macerated in a minimal amount of propiono-carmine. A drop of Venetian turpentine mounting medium (Harleco brand was used) is mixed with the carmine stain, the cover slip applied, the tissue pressed gently while observed under a dissecting microscope to spread the chromosomes, and finally firmly squashed. High quality slides of over 1 yr durability are obtained which are well suited to morphological studies, photographing under oil, or routine screening in polyploidy studies. The carmine stain in conjunction with the Feulgen aids to give contrast to chromosomes which are difficult to stain (e.g. hops) but it may be omitted for other species.
Treatment of prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Immediate countershock versus high-dose epinephrine and CPR preceding countershock.

BACKGROUNDEarly countershock of ventricular fibrillation has been shown to improve immediate and long-term outcome of cardiac arrest. However, a number of investigations in the laboratory and in the clinical population indicate that immediate countershock of prolonged ventricular fibrillation most commonly is followed by asystole or a nonperfusing spontaneous cardiac rhythm, neither of which rarely respond to current therapy. The use of epinephrine in doses greater than those currently recommended has recently been shown to improve both cerebral and myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac resuscitation outcome between immediate countershock of prolonged ventricular fibrillation with high-dose epinephrine therapy and conventional CPR before countershock of prolonged ventricular fibrillation in a canine model.METHODS AND RESULTSAfter sedation, intubation, induction of anesthesia, and instrumentation, ventricular fibrillation was elect...
(Z)‐4‐(Trimethylsilyl)‐3‐Buten‐1‐ol

(Z)-4-(Trimethylsilyl)-3-buten-1-ol intermediate: 4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-1-ol product: (Z)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-buten-1-ol Keywords: metal-catalyzed reactions, palladium; reduction, CC CC; silylation; assay methods, for ethylmagnesium bromide with 2-butanol, 1,10-phenanthroline indicator; catalysts, metal, lindlar catalyst, modified; chlorotrimethylsilane; tetrahydrofuran
Effects of ethnicity and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and changes in bone mineral content in infants.

To evaluate the effects on serum 25(OH)D and bone mineralization of supplementation of breast-fed Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian infants with vitamin D in infants in Houston, Texas. We measured cord serum 25(OH)D levels, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and their changes over 3 months of life with 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation. Cord serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower in Hispanic than non-Hispanic Caucasian infants (16.4 ± 6.5 ng/mL, n = 27, vs 22.3 ± 9.4 n = 22, p = 0.013). Among 38 infants who completed a 3 month vitamin D supplementation intervention, provision of 400 IU/day of vitamin D increased final 25(OH)D to a higher level in non-Hispanic Caucasian compared to Hispanic infants. There was no significant relationship between cord serum 25(OH)D and BMC or BMD in the first week of life (n = 49) or after 3 months of vitamin D supplementation. Low cord 25(OH)D levels are seen in Hispanic infants, but their functional significance is uncertain related to bone health in a southern US setting. Daily vitamin D intake of 400 IU during the first months of life appears adequate to increase serum 25(OH)D and support BMC increases despite low initial 25(OH)D levels in some infants. ClincalTrials.gov NCT00697294
Inflammation, kidney function and albuminuria in the Framingham Offspring cohort

Background. Inflammation and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether inflammatory biomarkers are associated with kidney function and albuminuria after accounting for traditional CVD risk factors is not completely understood. Methods. The sample comprised Framingham Offspring cohort participants (n = 3294, mean age 61, 53% women) who attended the seventh examination cycle (1998–2001). Inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6, TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), P-selectin, CD-40 ligand, osteoprotegerin, urinary isoprostanes, myeloperoxidase and fibrinogen] were measured on fasting blood samples. Serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum cystatin C concentration were used to assess kidney function. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was used to assess albuminuria. Linear or logistic regression was used to test associations between biomarkers and kidney measures. Results. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as eGFR < 59/64 mL/min/1.73 m2 in women/men, was present in 8.8% (n = 291) of participants. TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, TNFR2, MCP-1, osteoprotegerin, myeloperoxidase and fibrinogen were higher among individuals with CKD; all biomarkers except for urinary isoprostanes were elevated in higher cystatin C quartiles; and TNF-alpha, interleukin-6, TNFR2, ICAM-1 and osteoprotegerin were elevated in higher UACR quartiles—all assessed after multivariable adjustment. Almost 6% and 17% of variability in TNFR2 were explained by CKD status and higher cystatin C quartiles, respectively. Conclusions. Biomarkers of inflammation are associated with kidney function and albuminuria. In particular, substantial variability in soluble TNFR2 is explained by CKD and cystatin C.
New Approaches to Investment for Sustainable Development

(1992). New Approaches to Investment for Sustainable Development? Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des etudes africaines: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 138-143.
Spatial and Temporal Trends of House Fly 1 4 Response to an Attractive Bait on Poultry Ranches 23

Musca domestica L. and other synanthropic diptera were baited with a mixture of Lursect™ fly attractant and dichlorvos sugar bait to detect differences in fly catch among selected stations on 5 southern California poultry ranches. Significant shifts in the spatial response of house fly to bait stations were noted over time on both the east-west and north-south ordinates. House fly catches inside buildings increased with high temperatures, but overall catches were greatest at sunlit perimeter stations at the ends of cage rows. Females were more abundant than males within the poultry houses, but a 1:1 male:female relationship was approached when fly catch was high either in terms of time or space. Between 15–32°C fly catch and the male proportion of the catch was significantly correlated with temperature. An intensive baiting experiment demonstrated differences in spatial response among M. domestica , Fannia canicularis (L.), and Muscina stabulans Fallen. These differences were represented by opposing directional tendencies and clearly defined preferences for bait stations located along the inside wall or at the ends of the cage rows.
A Correction to “Ideals of Square Summable Power Series” by James Rovnyak

Formula (5) in the proof of Theorem 5 is not justified since the series B(z)g(z) = lBng(z)z' is not known to converge in the Hilbert space metric. The difficulty can be overcome by establishing the theorems in a slightly different order. On the basis of Theorems 1-4, we prove Theorems 7, 8, and 5. The parts of the proofs of these theorems which are correct need not be mentioned. To prove the sufficiency of Theorem 7, let B l(z) = la on and B 2(z) = Ibonz. By the proof of Theorem 3, the series
Case 1: Listlessness in a 4-month-old Girl

1. Susan B. Murray, MD* 2. Nicholas S. Rister, MD* 1. *Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughters, Norfolk, VA. A 4-month-old girl presents with 1 day of listlessness and poor feeding. She is exclusively breastfed and was born at term. There are no reports of trauma. She is fully vaccinated for her age, received vitamin K after birth, and has been healthy to date. On physical examination, the girl’s temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min, heart rate is 133 beats/min, blood pressure is 111/63 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 100% in room air. Her weight is 6.8 kg (45th percentile), length is 63 cm (55th percentile), and head circumference is 41 cm (50th percentile). She is pale and lethargic, with a distended abdomen, bruising of her chest, and a full but soft anterior fontanelle. Her eyes open in response to touch, and her pupils are symmetrically 3 mm in diameter and reactive to light. She does not withdraw to painful stimuli. The edge of her liver is palpable 4 cm below the right costal margin. Cardiac rhythm is regular, with a 2/6 soft systolic ejection murmur at the left sternal border, and she has mild tachycardia. Her lungs are clear on auscultation. Laboratory testing reveals a …
The detection of pathogens by fluorescence RCR in a school outbreak of Shigella infection

Objective:To provide the information for pathogens confirmation and epidemic control,detect the samples with real-time fluorescence RCR in a suspected water resource school outbreak.Methods: Collected samples of water and suspicious cases on-site,and screened them of suspected intestinal virus(Norwalk virus) and bacteria(Enterotoxic escherichia coli,Salmonella,Shigella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus) with real-time fluorescence PCR kits when the routine detection was carried out.Results: The cases were positive of Shigella in the patient specimens,some of water specimens incubated for 4h and all the water specimens incubated for 8 h with fluorescence RCR while the Shigella sonnei isolates were obtained from the patients with routine methods.Conclusion: Fluorescent PCR with accuracy and rapidness is applicable for the detection of an outbreak as assistance,which would be conducive to pathogens confirmation and timely control of outbreak.
The Model Combination Research based on Petri Net

Research of Model combination is a key problem in DSS application.In order to analyze the relation between data integration and logic integration of model integration process,a model combination method was defined based on Petri Net is proposed in this paper.Components of mode combination are translated into Petri nets representations,and makes use of tools of Petri nets providing,we give a method which can aid the complex business process construction and in logical verify the model combination performance and its correctness.
Variation in infection length and superinfection enhance selection efficiency in the human malaria parasite

The capacity for adaptation is central to the evolutionary success of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria epidemiology is characterized by the circulation of multiple, genetically diverse parasite clones, frequent superinfection and highly variable infection lengths, a large number of which are chronic and asymptomatic. The impact of these characteristics on the evolution of the parasite is largely unknown, however, hampering our understanding of the impact of interventions and the emergence of drug resistance. In particular, standard population genetic frameworks do not accommodate variation in infection length or superinfection. Here, we develop a population genetic model of malaria including these variations and show that these aspects of malaria infection dynamics enhance both the probability and speed of fixation for beneficial alleles in complex and non-intuitive ways. We find that populations containing a mixture of short- and long-lived infections promote selection efficiency. Interestingly, this increase in selection efficiency occurs even when only a small fraction of the infections are chronic, suggesting that selection can occur efficiently in areas of low transmission intensity, providing a hypothesis for the repeated emergence of drug resistance in the low transmission setting of Southeast Asia.
Neuronal cell deficits following maternal exposure to methadone in rats

Rat offspring were maternally subjected to methadone hydrochloride during gestation or lactation. At 21 days of age, the area of the pyramis (cerebellar lobule VIII) in prenatally and postnatally exposed groups was reduced 45% and 36%, respectively, from control levels, and the total number of internal granule neurons/section was reduced 49% and 46%, respectively; the number of granule neurons/mm2 in both groups was 75% of control values. Based on histological evaluation the timetable of cerebellar morphogenesis was unaltered in rats prenatally exposed to methadone, suggesting a permanent neuronal deficit, but cerebellar development was markedly delayed in animals subjected postnatally.
Nonlinear radar signatures from metal surfaces

A crucial issue in the exploitation of harmonic and multitone radar is the nature of target signatures at the various emission frequencies. In this paper we describe some preliminary results on how the nonlinear response of a target depends on its composition for the specific example of a target with a bare metal surface. Our results show that, in contrast to linear radar signatures, those with metal surfaces are the most difficult targets to detect.
Stakeholder Views of Management and Decision Support Tools to Integrate Climate Change into Great Lakes Lake Whitefish Management

Decision support tools can aid decision making by systematically incorporating information, accounting for uncertainties, and facilitating evaluation between alternatives. Without user buy-in, however, decision support tools can fail to influence decision-making processes. We surveyed fishery researchers, managers, and fishers affiliated with the Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis fishery in the 1836 Treaty Waters of Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior to assess opinions of current and future management needs to identify barriers to, and opportunities for, developing a decision support tool based on Lake Whitefish recruitment projections with climate change. Approximately 64% of 39 respondents were satisfied with current management, and nearly 85% agreed that science was well integrated into management programs. Though decision support tools can facilitate science integration into management, respondents suggest that they face significant implementation barriers, including lack of political will to cha...
A crowded, but still varied, space: brigatinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer.

Considering that, as recently as 10 years ago, physicians caring for patients with advanced lung cancer had only a handful of conventional cytotoxic agents from which to choose, the field’s recent development and competition seem truly remarkable. A prime example of this shifting and crowded landscape is immunotherapy. Since 2015, three different checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) or PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) have received U.S. FDA approval, with several others currently in clinical trials. While these drugs may differ by specific target (PD-1 versus PD-L1), antibody species (humanized versus fully human), and IgG subclass (IgG1 versus IgG4), it remains unclear whether there are clinically meaningful differences in efficacy or toxicity between these agents.
Ultraviolet irradiation of spray-dried porcine plasma does not affect the growth performance of nursery pigs when compared with nonirradiated bovine plasma

Ultraviolet light irradiation of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) decreases the risk of disease transmission, but it may decrease the activity of bioactive components in SDPP. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine growth performance, morbidity, and mortality responses of nursery pigs fed UV-irradiated SDPP (UV-SDPP) compared with nonirradiated spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP). Pigs ( = 480; 6.09 ± 2.4 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial BW, and blocks were assigned to pens. the sex ratio was equalized within blocks and pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen and 12 replicates/treatment) in a 3-phase feeding program (phase 1 = d 0 to 13, phase 2 = d 14 to 27, and phase 3 = d 28 to 55). Dietary treatments included a control diet without UV-SDPP or SDBP and diets containing 3% UV-SDPP, 3% SDBP, 6% UV-SDPP, or 6% SDBP during phase 1. Diets were formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements and contained the same concentrations of standardized ileal digestible Lys and Lys:ME ratio within phases. Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets throughout the 55-d experiment. Dietary inclusion rates during phase 2 were reduced to 1.5% UV-SDPP, 1.5% SDBP, 3% UV-SDPP, and 3% SDBP, and all pigs were fed a common diet without UV-SDPP or SDBP during phase 3. Growth performance data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with a control within a completely randomized block design to evaluate the main effects of plasma processing (UV irradiated vs. nonirradiated) and dietary inclusion level, and block, room, and pen were random effects. In phase 1, there were no differences in G:F among treatments, but pigs fed 6% UV-SDPP and 6% SDBP had greater ( < 0.01) ADG (0.11 vs. 0.08 kg/d) and ADFI (0.17 vs. 0.15 kg/d) than pigs fed the control, 3% SDBP, and 3% UV-SDPP diets. After phase 1 (d13), feeding UV-SDPP or SDBP increased ( = 0.02) the BW of pigs. In phases 2 and 3 and the overall feeding period (d 0 to 55), there were no differences in ADG, ADFI, and G:F among dietary treatments. There was a linear decrease ( < 0.01) in mortality of nursery pigs as dietary inclusion rate of SDBP and UV-SDPP increased. In conclusion, feeding SDBP or UV-SDPP diets improved ADG and ADFI during the first 2 wk after weaning due to improved feed consumption, and UV irradiation appeared to have no detrimental effects on the feeding value of SDPP.
"Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Safety, and Team Decision Making"

As teamwork becomes more prevalent in organizational decision making, the influence of emotional intelligence on team decision making process is of particular interest to researchers. The present s...
Role of Infiltrating Monocytes in the Development of Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

Lung exposure to radiation induces an injury response that includes the release of cytokines and chemotactic mediators; these signals recruit immune cells to execute inflammatory and wound-healing processes. However, radiation alters the pulmonary microenvironment, dysregulating the immune responses and preventing a return to homeostasis. Importantly, dysregulation is observed as a chronic inflammation, which can progress into pneumonitis and promote pulmonary fibrosis; inflammatory monocytes, which are bone marrow derived and express CCR2, have been shown to migrate into the lung after radiation exposure. Although the extent to which recruited inflammatory monocytes contribute to radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully investigated, we hypothesize that its pathogenesis is reliant on this population. The CC chemokine ligand, CCL2, is a chemotactic mediator responsible for trafficking of CCR2+ inflammatory cells into the lung. Therefore, the contribution of this mediator to fibrosis develop...
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Distinct Gene Expression and Heterogeneity in Male and Female Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes

ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction is an obligate step in the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle, with mature gametocytes being the only form of the parasite capable of human-to-mosquito transmission. Development of male and female gametocytes takes 9 to 12 days, and although more than 300 genes are thought to be specific to gametocytes, only a few have been postulated to be male or female specific. Because these genes are often expressed during late gametocyte stages and for some, male- or female-specific transcript expression is debated, the separation of male and female populations is technically challenging. To overcome these challenges, we have developed an unbiased single-cell approach to determine which transcripts are expressed in male versus female gametocytes. Using microfluidic technology, we isolated single mid- to late-stage gametocytes to compare the expression of 91 genes, including 87 gametocyte-specific genes, in 90 cells. Such analysis identified distinct gene clusters whose expression was associated with male, female, or all gametocytes. In addition, a small number of male gametocytes clustered separately from female gametocytes based on sex-specific expression independent of stage. Many female-enriched genes also exhibited stage-specific expression. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization of male and female markers validated the mutually exclusive expression pattern of male and female transcripts in gametocytes. These analyses uncovered novel male and female markers that are expressed as early as stage III gametocytogenesis, providing further insight into Plasmodium sex-specific differentiation previously masked in population analyses. Our single-cell approach reveals the most robust markers for sex-specific differentiation in Plasmodium gametocytes. Such single-cell expression assays can be generalized to all eukaryotic pathogens. IMPORTANCE Most human deaths that result from malaria are caused by the eukaryotic parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The only form of this parasite that is transmitted to the mosquito is the sexual form, called the gametocyte. The production of mature gametocytes can take up to 2 weeks and results in phenotypically distinct males and females, although what causes this gender-specific differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the first use of microfluidic technology to capture single gametocytes and determine their temporal sex-specific gene expression in an unbiased manner. We were able to determine male or female identity of single cells based on the upregulation of gender-specific genes as early as mid-stage gametocytes. This analysis has revealed strong markers for male and female gametocyte differentiation that were previously concealed in population analyses. Similar single-cell analyses in eukaryotic pathogens using this method may uncover rare cell types and heterogeneity previously masked in population studies.
Women, Biopower and the Making of Demographic Knowledge: India’s Demographic and Health Survey

Control of population–control both of the numbers of people and of their actions–is vital to modern development. Demography, with its disciplinary interest in population data collection and commitment to population control, legitimizes and reinforces development discourse with the “facticity” of its numbers. Women are at the center of these efforts. We analyze the Demographic and Health Survey (part of a group of surveys that can be considered at the center of demographic knowledge of non-industrialized countries) in order to examine the discourse of population control in India and other Third World countries. In India, population control and management has long been the goal of governing powers, colonial and Indian; the DHS is only the most recent intervention in this population management project. We deconstruct the DHS and examine the historical and epistemological background of that survey project to demonstrate and illuminate the connection between demography and development. We argue that questionnaire methodology and its related epistemology are connected to a particular developmentalist ideology and practice, one that relies on neoliberal ideology with its rhetoric of individual choice and free market that works to manage and control women’s bodies and lives in the name of necessary demographic change.
An Estimate of the Early Tertiary Paleoclimate of the Southern Arctic

The early Tertiary southern Arctic was an important biogeographic exchange route between the Old and New Worlds. A variant of the nearest living relative method of paleoclimatic estimation suggests that the mean temperature of the coldest month of the Eocene southern Arctic was about 10 °C, with the possibility of limited frost. The mean annual range of temperature was probably low, and moisture availability may have been limited in the cool season.
General primitives for smooth coloring of vector graphics

We propose a novel and intuitive method for coloring vector graphics which is easy to use and creates richly colored artwork with very little effort. Further, it preserves the underlying geometry of the vector graphic primitives, thereby, making it easy to perform subsequent edits. Our method builds upon the concepts of shape-coverage, color and opacity and thus is applicable to all vector graphics constructs including non-convex paths and text. Furthermore, our method is highly performant and provides real-time results irrespective of the number of coloring primitives used.
Leap-frog to literacy: maternal narrative supports differentially relate to child oral language and later reading outcomes

Young children’s oral narration typically progresses from telling disordered events to production of well-sequenced stories. To investigate how this development is supported and whether effects of ...