cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of mRNA turnover as a mechanism of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The phenomenon of glucose repression in yeast is concerned with the repression of a large number of genes when glucose is an abundant carbon source and almost all of the energy requirements of the cell can be satisfied from glycolysis. Prominent among the repressed genes are those encoding mitochondrial proteins required for respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Past studies have characterized a pathway by which a signal generated from extracellular glucose is transmitted to the nucleus. The ultimate outcome is the repression of transcription of numerous genes, but also the induction of a limited number of others. The emphasis has been almost exclusively on transcriptional control mechanisms. A discovery made originally with the transcript of the SDH2 gene prompted an investigation of post-transcriptional mechanisms, and more specifically a study of the turnover rate of this mRNA in the absence and presence of glucose. SDH2 mRNA has a very short half-life in medium with glucose (YPD) and a significantly longer half-life in medium with glycerol (YPG). Experimental evidence and recent progress in understanding of (1) mRNA turnover in yeast and (2) initiation of translation on the 5′ untranslated region of mRNAs, lead to a working hypothesis with the following major features: the carbon source, via a signaling pathway involving kinase/phosphatase activities, controls the rate of initiation, and thus influences a competition between eukaryotic initiation factors (prominently elF4E, elF4G, elF3) binding to the capped mRNA and a decapping activity (DCPI) which is one of the rate limiting activities in the turnover of such mRNAs.
Frequent Itemset Mining on Large-Scale Shared Memory Machines

Frequent Item set Mining (FIM) is a data mining task that is used to find frequently-occurring subsets amongst a database of item sets. FIM is a non-numerical data intensive computation and is frequently used in machine learning and computational biology applications. The development of increasingly efficient FIM algorithms is an active field, but exposing and exploiting parallelism is not often emphasized in the development of new FIM algorithms. In this paper, we explore parallel implementations of two FIM algorithms, Apriori and Eclat, each using three different representations: vertical transaction id set, vertical bit vector, and diffset. We implemented these algorithms using OpenMP and evaluated their resultant scalability on the 4096-core Intel Nehalem-EX SGI Altix shared-memory machine Teragrid "Blacklight" using 16 processors (one blade) to 256 processors (16 blades) and reported our results. We found that, while scalability generally depends on the input data, Apriori is only scalable when used with diffset. On the other side, Eclat is generally scalable but achieves its best scalability with diffset.
The Zwicky transient facility observing system

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a synoptic optical survey for high-cadence time-domain astronomy. Building upon the experience and infrastructure of the highly successful Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) team, ZTF will survey more than an order of magnitude faster than PTF in sky area and volume in order to identify rare, rapidly varying optical sources. These sources will include a trove of supernovae, exotic explosive transients, unusual stellar variables, compact binaries, active galactic nuclei, and asteroids. The single-visit depth of 20.4 mag is well matched to spectroscopic follow-up observations, while the co-added images will provide wide sky coverage 1.5 – 2 mag deeper than SDSS. The ZTF survey will cover the entire Northern Sky and revisit fields on timescales of a few hours, providing hundreds of visits per field each year, an unprecedented cadence, as required to detect fast transients and variability. This high-cadence survey is enabled by an observing system based on a new camera having 47 deg^2 field of view – a factor of 6.5 greater than the existing PTF camera - equipped with fast readout electronics, a large, fast exposure shutter, faster telescope and dome drives, and various measures to optimize delivered image quality. Our project has already received an initial procurement of e2v wafer-scale CCDs and we are currently fabricating the camera cryostat. International partners and the NSF committed funds in June 2014 so construction can proceed as planned to commence engineering commissioning in 2016 and begin operations in 2017. Public release will allow broad utilization of these data by the US astronomical community. ZTF will also promote the development of transient and variable science methods in preparation for the seminal first light of LSST.
The role of bulimic behaviors in affect regulation: Different functions for different patient subgroups?

One hundred and eighty consecutive patients seeking treatment for eating disorders rated adjectives describing their affective states before binge eating and after purging. Patients were divided into borderline (n = 40) and nonborderline (n = 35) groups and were compared on the above dimensions. Both patient subgroups reported reductions in anxiety and fragmentation after the binge-purge episode. The borderline subgroup, however, experienced significantly greater reductions in anxiety and a decreased level of depression, while the nonborderline subgroup reported a slight increase in their level of depression. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Agent influence on political learning: An experimental study

Abstract This experimental study investigates the role of three agents—parent, teacher, and friend—in the socialization of issue beliefs of fifth- and sixth-grade children. The authors studied 164 pupils by asking them to complete stories about nuclear energy, refugees, space exploration, and so forth. Two dimensions are the level of issue salience (high versus low stimulus), and the issue agreement among agents (homogeneous versus heterogeneous cues). It finds that opinion change is greatest in the homogeneous cue condition and least in the heterogeneous cue condition.
MATERIALIZING APPALACHIAN KENTUCKY COAL TOWNS: PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY AS APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE COAL CAMP DOCUMENTARY PROJECT

The Coal Camp Documentary Project1 is an ongoing, Web-based collaborative documentary effort between the University of Kentucky's (UK's) Appalachian Center, scholars, and community members from company coal towns across Kentucky's Appalachian region. Its Website is designed as a place for sharing information about coal community life, and includes stories, pictures, videos, and other resources about over 400 company coal towns shared by community members and scholars.
Synthesis and biodistribution of radioiodinated selenonium salts: Potential myocardial imaging agents

(o-[125I]iodobenzyl)benzylmethylselenonium tetrafluoroborate (1) and (o-[125I]iodobenzyl)dibenzylselenonium tetrafluoroborate (2) were synthesized by methylation and benzylation of o-[125I]iodobenzyl benzyl selenide respectively. The starting compound o-iodobenzyl benzyl selenide was radioiodinated with sodium [125I]iodide by melt-exchange in a sealed ampoule maintained at 75°C for 12 hours, with subsequent chromatographic purification yielding the pure compound in a radiochemical yield of 33.0% and specific activity of at least 68.0 mCi/mmol. Tissue distribution studies of compounds 1 and 2, performed in rats, showed that the labelled compounds accumulated rapidly in the heart. The maximum heart-to-blood ratios for compounds 1 and 2 were 4.2:1 and 4.4:1 compared to that of 2.0:1 for previously synthesized [75Se]Trimethylselenonium Iodide (3).
From Kickoff to Commencement: The Positive Role of Intercollegiate Athletics In Higher Education

Abstract This study examines the relationship between a university's football heritage and its freshman retention and graduation rates. Our findings of a positive and significant relationship between a university's football success and both of these educational measures supports the hypothesis that athletics serve the institution's academic mission and provides students with a respite from the psychic costs associated with college life.
Ion permeability of rabbit intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.

The ion permeability of rabbit jejunal brush border membrane vesicles was studied by measuring unidirectional fluxes with radioactive tracers and bi-ionic diffusion potentials with the potential-sensitive fluorescent dye, diS−C3-(5). Tracer measurements provide estimates of the absolute magnitudes of permeability coefficients, while fluorescence measurements provide estimates of relative and absolute ion permeabilities. The magnitudes of the permeability coefficients for Na+, K+, Rb+, and Br− were approximately 5 nanoliters/(mg protein × sec) or 10−5 cm/sec as determined by radioactive tracer measurements. The apparent selectivity sequence, relative to Na+, as determined by bi-ionic potential measurements was: F−, isetheionate, gluconate, choline (<0.1)<Na+(1.0)<Cl−(1.5)=NO 3 − (1.5)<Br−(2.3)<K+(2.4)<Rb+(2.5)<Cs+(2.6)<Li+(3.9) <NH 4 − +(12)<I−(40). The origin of this selectivity sequence and its relationship to the ion permeability of the brush border membrane in the intact epithelium are discussed.
Molecular orbital interpretation of X-ray emission and esca spectral shifts in silicates

Abstract An approximate molecular orbital theory is presented, tested, and applied to silicon and aluminum oxyanions. The orbital structure of SiO4−4 is calculated and is used to assign the X-ray emission spectra. Calculations are performed at several internuclear distances and semiquantitative agreement is found with experimentally observed trends in A1Kα and SiKβ spectra. Calculations on Si2O7−6 and AlSiO7−7 yield fair agreement with experimental trends relating to degree of SiO4 polymerization and to Al/Si ratio. Charges for bridging and non-bridging oxygens in Si2O7−6, combined with point charge potentials from metal ions in the orthopyroxene structure yield Ols binding energies in agreement with ESCA results.
Clinical factors associated with long-term mortality following vascular surgery: outcomes from the Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) Trial

Background Preoperative cardiac risks and clinical indications for vascular surgery are both important determinants of outcome following a vascular operation. Using the nonrandomized cohort from the Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) Trial, we analyzed the predictors of outcome based on the presenting vascular problem and prevalence of comorbid conditions and cardiac risks. Methods and Results Between March 1, 1999 and February 28, 2003, 4414 patients were ineligible for randomization in the CARP Trial and their survival was retrieved through the BIRLS system (the Department of Veterans Affairs Beneficiary Identification and Records Locator Subsystem). Surgical indications were either an abdominal aortic aneurysm (N = 1598) or lower extremity ischemia for claudication (N = 1116), rest pain (N = 670), or tissue loss (N = 1030). Patients were screened for major cardiac risks that included a history of angina, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, pathological q-waves, and diabetes. The absence of multiple cardiac risks, as the sole reason for exclusion from randomization, occurred in 2314 (52.4%) screened patients and their probability of survival at 2.5-year post-surgery was 0.88. This was better than the survival of the remaining excluded patients (N = 2100), which was 0.75 ( P P 3.5 mg/dL were significantly associated with long-term postoperative mortality. Conclusions Patients without multiple cardiac risks or comorbid conditions have a good outcome following elective vascular surgery. Urgent surgery, creatinine >3.5 mg/dL, congestive heart failure, and ventricular arrhythmias are identifiers of a poor long-term outcome and may justify aggressive strategies for risk-stratification in the postoperative period.
BUYING, SHARING AND RENTING INFORMATION GOODS*

Information goods such as books, journals, computer software, music and videos can be copied, shared, resold, or rented. When such opportunities for sharing are present, the content producer will generally sell a smaller amount at a higher price which may increase or decrease profits. I identify three circumstances where profits increase: (1) when the transactions cost of sharing is less than the marginal cost of production; (2) when content is viewed only a few times and transactions costs of sharing are low; and (3) when a sharing market provides a way to segment high-value and low-value users.
An efficient submesh allocation strategy for mesh computer systems

A processor allocation strategy is proposed which can apply to any mesh system and recognize submeshes with arbitrary sizes at any location in a mesh system. The proposed strategy allocates a submesh of exactly the size requested by an incoming task, completely avoiding internal fragmentation. Because of its efficient allocation, this strategy exhibits better performance than an earlier allocation strategy based on the buddy principle. An efficient implementation of this strategy is presented. Extensive simulation runs were carried out to collect experimental performance measures of interest under different allocation schemes for comparison. >
Degradation of Streptococcal Cell Wall Antigens In Vivo

Abstract Specific chemical modification of group A polysaccharide antigen to the A-variant structure was demonstrated in the lymphoid organs of mice by autoradiography by use of radioantibodies specific for these structures. Both antigenic moieties persisted and were still discerned 10 weeks after injection of the group A cell wall. In rabbit skin, the group A specificity was altered after a prolonged period. Unlike the situation for the mouse, polysaccharide A was not converted to A-variant structure, but another specificity common to both polysaccharides persisted at the site of injection. Mucopeptide, separated from the polysaccharide of group A cell walls, was eliminated from the site of injection in rabbit skin between 4 and 8 hr after injection. Group D streptococcal cell walls were also rapidly eliminated from tissue, and were no longer detectable 8 hr after injection into rabbit skin or 24 hr after injection into mice. The rapid degradation of these structures was correlated with their susceptibility to lysozyme in vitro and was in contrast to the prolonged persistence of group A cell walls, which were completely resistant to egg white lysozyme. This persistence in tissue correlated with the capacity of group A cell wall fragments to induce a chronic inflammatory process, whereas the isolated mucopeptide or group D cell walls produced only an acute necrotoxic reaction.
Haltere Afferents Provide Direct, Electrotonic Input to a Steering Motor Neuron in the Blowfly, Calliphora

The first basalar muscle (b1) is one of 17 small muscles in flies that control changes in wing stroke kinematics during steering maneuvers. The b1 is unique, however, in that it fires a single phase-locked spike during each wingbeat cycle. The phaselocked firing of the b1's motor neuron (mnb1) is thought to result from wingbeat-synchronous mechanosensory input, such as that originating from the campaniform sensilla at the base of the halteres. Halteres are sophisticated equilibrium organs of flies that function to detect angular rotations of the body during flight. We have developed a new preparation to determine whether the campaniform sensilla at the base of the halteres are responsible for the phasic activity of b1. Using intracellular recording and mechanical stimulation, we have found one identified haltere campaniform field (dF2) that provides strong synaptic input to the mnb1. This haltere to mnb1 connection consists of a fast and a slow component. The fast component is monosynaptic, mediated by an electrical synapse, and thus can follow haltere stimulation at high frequencies. The slow component is possibly polysynaptic, mediated by a chemical synapse, and fatigues at high stimulus frequencies. Thus, the fast monosynaptic electrical pathway between haltere afferents and mnb1 may be responsible in part for the phase-locked firing of b1 during flight.
Optimal Clustering Selection on Hierarchical System Network

In data mining, hierarchical clustering is a method of cluster analysis which seeks to build a hierarchy of clusters. Strategies for hierarchical clustering generally fall into two types: agglomerative and divisive. In this paper we shall introduce a new optimal selection method based on the well-known Max-Flow Min-Cut theorem, which also works for the hierarchically structure with overlapping. A novel dynamic algorithm was presented for the special structure without overlapping.
Career development opportunities and likelihood of turnover among R&D professionals

It is commonly assumed that the turnover of R&D professionals can be reduced by providing them with opportunities for career development within their company. This study suggests that this may not always be the case. Findings from a study of over two thousand R&D professionals suggest that their likelihood of turnover changes with the types of career development opportunities they are provided. Professionals provided with opportunities to develop their technical careers are more likely to leave their current employer, but less likely to leave R&D for other areas of the company. Moreover, professionals provided with managerial development opportunities are more likely to leave R&D for other areas of the company, but less likely to leave their current employer. >
A Practical Solution for Dyspareunia in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose Dyspareunia is common in breast cancer survivors because of low estrogen. This study explored whether dyspareunia is introital pain, preventable with analgesic liquid. Patients and Methods In a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, estrogen-deficient breast cancer survivors with severe penetrative dyspareunia applied either saline or 4% aqueous lidocaine to the vulvar vestibule for 3 minutes before vaginal penetration. After a 1-month blinded trial of patient-assessed twice-per-week tampon insertion or intercourse, all patients received lidocaine for 2 months in an open-label trial. The primary outcome was patient-related assessment of penetration pain on a scale of zero to 10. Secondary outcomes were sexual distress (Female Sexual Distress Scale), sexual function (Sexual Function Questionnaire), and resumption of intercourse. Comparisons were made with the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank test with significance set at P < .05. Results In all, 46 patients, screened to exclude those wi...
Women ending marriage to a problem drinking partner decrease their own risk for problem drinking.

Aims: Marital dissolution is associated with increased risk of problematic drinking. However, marriage to a problem drinker also increases this risk, and ending this type of relationship may actually decrease risk of problematic drinking. This study tested whether women ending their marriage to a problem drinker exhibited improvements in drinking. Design: National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a two-wave nationally representative survey of the U.S. adult population. Setting: In-person interviews conducted in U.S. households. Participants: Females married or living as if married at wave one at least 18 years of age). Measurements: Sociodemographics, drinking frequency, drinking quantity, alcohol use disorders, problem drinking, partner problem drinking, and relationship dissolution. Findings: Ending marriage to a non-problem drinker predicted increased frequency of drinking (risk ratio [RR]= 1.55; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.67), heavier drinking (RR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.71, 1.45), more problematic drinking (RR = 2.45; 95% CI = 2.17, 2.77), and a greater likelihood of use disorder diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]= 2.2; 95% CI = 1.67, 2.91). Ending a relationship with a problem drinker predicted less frequent drinking (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.98), less heavy drinking (RR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.78, 0.90), and fewer alcohol related problems (RR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.95). Conclusions: Ending a marriage with a husband who drinks problematically may decrease risk of alcohol related problems among women, substantiating the need for alcohol treatments to address a problem drinking partner. Language: en
The Primary open-angle glaucoma gene WDR36 functions in ribosomal RNA processing and interacts with the p53 stress–response pathway

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a genetically complex neuropathy that affects retinal ganglion cells and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. WDR36, a gene of unknown function, was recently identified as causative for POAG at locus GLC1G. Subsequent studies found disease-associated variants in control populations, leaving the role of WDR36 in this disease unclear. To address this issue, we determined the function of WDR36. We studied Wdr36 in zebrafish and found it is the functional homolog of yeast Utp21. Utp21 is cell essential and functions in the nucleolar processing of 18S rRNA, which is required for ribosome biogenesis. Evidence for functional homology comes from sequence alignment, ubiquitous expression, sub-cellular localization to the nucleolus and loss-of-function phenotypes that include defects in 18S rRNA processing and abnormal nucleolar morphology. Additionally, we show that loss of Wdr36 function leads to an activation of the p53 stress-response pathway, suggesting that co-inheritance of defects in p53 pathway genes may influence the impact of WDR36 variants on POAG. Although these results overall do not provide evidence for or against a role of WDR36 in POAG, they do provide important baseline information for future studies.
Biosynthesis of heme in mammals

Most iron in mammalian systems is routed to mitochondria to serve as a substrate for ferrochelatase. Ferrochelatase inserts iron into protoporphyrin IX to form heme which is incorporated into hemoglobin and cytochromes, the dominant hemoproteins in mammals. Tissue-specific regulatory features characterize the heme biosynthetic pathway. In erythroid cells, regulation is mediated by erythroid-specific transcription factors and the availability of iron as Fe/S clusters. In non-erythroid cells the pathway is regulated by heme-mediated feedback inhibition. All of the enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway have been crystallized and the crystal structures have permitted detailed analyses of enzyme mechanisms. All of the genes encoding the heme biosynthetic enzymes have been cloned and mutations of these genes are responsible for a group of human disorders designated the porphyrias and for X-linked sideroblastic anemia. The biochemistry, structural biology and the mechanisms of tissue-specific regulation are presented in this review along with the key features of the porphyric disorders.
Molecular Basis of Restenosis and Drug-Eluting Stents

Resolution of restenosis probably requires both creation of the largest possible residual lumen and substantial inhibition of intimal hyperplasia . — J.S. Forrester and coworkers1 Dr Forrester’s prediction that resolution of restenosis would require the translational merging of molecular mechanisms of proliferation with local scaffolding and drug-delivery devices appears to have been remarkably prescient. The application of drug-eluting stent (DES) technology to improve clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) represents one of the greatest success stories in cardiology. This review highlights the molecular basis of restenosis and DES for the clinical and interventional cardiologist and vascular biologist. Restenosis is the arterial wall’s healing response to mechanical injury and comprises 2 main processes—neointimal hyperplasia (ie, smooth muscle migration/proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition) and vessel remodeling. Primarily on the basis of observations from animal studies, Forrester and coworkers1 proposed a paradigm for neointimal hyperplasia as a general wound-healing response. Platelet aggregation, inflammatory cell infiltration, release of growth factors, medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) modulation and proliferation, proteoglycan deposition, and extracellular matrix remodeling were identified as the major milestones in the temporal sequence of this response. This view of the neointimal hyperplasia process was modified subsequently by Libby and colleagues2 to reconcile certain important clinical features—namely, that thrombosis, often invoked as a cause of SMC proliferation, wanes before intimal thickening peaks and that antithrombotic therapy failed to eliminate restenosis. In this cascade model, a special case was made for the centrality of inflammation, and it was proposed that autocrine or paracrine mediators (eg, interleukin-1 [IL-1] and tumor necrosis factor), the expressions of which are triggered by vascular injury, contribute to deranged SMC behavior during restenosis. The molecular mechanisms of the arterial remodeling are less well understood. The term remodeling has been applied largely to describe either vascular shrinkage or enlargement. …
Maximum entropy approach in molecular timescale generalized Langevin equation theory

Abstract The principle of maximum entropy is used to develop a procedure for obtaining the best fit to a spectral distribution within the context of molecular timescale generalized Langevin equation theory. Results are obtained for a single-vibron model and compared with previously computed results. Excellent agreement is demonstrated and the maximum entropy approach is shown to be a robust procedure.
Intussusception in an adult patient with severe hyperglycaemia—a case report

Aims To report a case of adult intussusception associated with and possibly induced by acute hyperglycaemia. Methods We present the first case report of adult intussusception with severe hyperglycaemia. Clinical and laboratory data together with radiological findings are presented with a brief review of the literature. Results A 20-year-old man with no past medical history presented with abdominal pain for 2 days. The patient was severely hyperglycaemic with blood glucose of 72.7 mmol/l (normal 3.3–6.1 mmol/l), a pH of 7.2 and serum potassium of 6.5 mmol/l (normal 3.5–5.0 mmol/l). He had a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen that revealed small bowel intussusception. Upon treatment of his hyperglycaemia, the patient's abdominal pain completely resolved. Follow up abdominal CT revealed complete resolution of the previously detected intussusception. Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of the potential for the occurrence of intussusception in severely hyperglycaemic patients. Correction of hyperglycaemia could lead to resolution of the intussusception without surgical intervention. Possible effects of hyperkalaemia and/or acidosis on gastrointestinal motility should also be considered.
Preoperative Pulmonary Function and Complications after Cardiovascular Surgery

Results of preoperative pulmonary function tests were evaluated in 106 patients who bad major thoracic or upper abdominal cardiovascular surgery. These results were related to the occurrence of postoperative complications by comparison of pulmonary function data in patients with an ICU stay of 5 days. However, quantitative analysis of several specific parameters of pulmonary function tests failed to reveal any difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between patients with modest versus severe preoperative dysfunction. The occurrence of atelectasis was related to type of cardiovascular surgical procedure, but not to preoperative pulmonary function tests. Abnormalities on pulmonary function tests were not the major determinants of use of preoperative respiratory therapy, and its use was unrelated to the length of stay postoperatively in the ICU. We conclude that prior to cardiovascular surgery, routine quantitation of clinically apparent pulmonary dysfunction may be of little value in predicting postoperative morbidity and much less important than careful clinical evaluation. When pulmonary function tests are performed in such patients, simple spirometric tests and arterial blood gas levels are adequate.
Adamantinoma Arising in the Distal Fibula Treated with Distal Fibulectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Adamantinoma is a rare primary bone tumor occurring in the mandible and the long tubular bones. The diaphysis of the tibia is the most common site of extragnathic presentation. Fibular involvement is rare and usually has coexisting tibial involvement. Adamantinoma arising in the distal fibular metaphysis has not been previously reported. This is a case of a teenage boy presenting with a cystic lesion of the distal fibula, initially diagnosed and treated as a unicameral bone cyst. Aggressive behavior ultimately led to a diagnosis of adamantinoma. He was treated with distal fibulectomy without surgical reconstruction with good functional outcome.
Social Landscapes of the Inter-Mountain West: A Comparison of ‘Old West’ and ‘New West’ Communities*

Rural communities have experienced dramatic demographic, social, and economic transformations over the past 30 years. Historically characterized by close links between natural resources and social, cultural, and economic structures, few of today's rural communities remain heavily dependent upon traditional extractive industries like ranching, forestry, and mining. New forms of development linked to natural and cultural amenities, including tourism and recreation, have evolved to sustain the link between community and resources. The Inter-Mountain West region offers an excellent example of this distinction. Many of the region's rural commu- nities have experienced substantial population growth resulting from the in- migration of a new kind of rural resident. Their arrival, in a process some have associated with the emergence of a ''New West,'' has transformed rural places. However, amenity-related social and economic structures have not occurred uniformly across space. This paper uses factor analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis to analyze demographic characteristics related to the ''New West'' phenomena in Inter-Mountain West communi- ties and the spatial patterns found in the degree of ''New West-ness'' that each community exhibits.
Semantic integration in videos of real-world events: an electrophysiological investigation.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) discriminated between contextually appropriate and inappropriate objects appearing in video film clips of common activities. Incongruent objects elicited a larger negative-going deflection, which was similar to the N400 component described previously in association with words and static pictures and which has been argued to reflect the integration of semantic information into a mental representation of the preceding context. The onset of this potential occurred shortly after object presentation, indicating that semantic integration is a rapid online component of real-world perception. In addition, the anomalies in movies evoked a large late positive potential at posterior regions, suggesting that in event perception, semantic incongruity may trigger cognitive processes other than those mediating pure semantic integration. Descriptors: Comprehension of real-world events, Viewing video film clips, Semantic anomalies, Event-related potentials (ERPs)
Polyethylene reinforced with keratin fibers obtained from chicken feathers

Polyethylene-based composites were prepared using keratin fibers obtained from chicken feathers. Fibers of similar diameter but varying aspect ratio were mixed into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using a Brabender mixing head. From uniaxial tensile testing, an elastic modulus and yield stress increase of the composite over the virgin polymer was observed over a wide range of fiber loading. Scanning electron microscopy revealed some interaction between the polymer and keratin feather fiber. In addition, the keratin fiber had a density lower than the LDPE used in this study resulting in composite materials of reduced density. The results obtained from mechanical testing are compared to theoretical predictions based on a simple composite material micromechanical model.
Concrete or Abstract User Interface

This study investigates what kind of mental image a design triggers when a user views the user interface and whether that image would be matched with the image of the real object in the user’s mind.
Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering Near and Above Pion Threshold

Recent experiments by two collaborations, the LSU-MIT groupA and the Saclay-LSU-Sanita-Clermont-Frascati-Basel effortB, have greatly multiplied the amount of data available on deep-inelastic electron scattering. This paper reviews some of the more recent results from those experiments1,2.
From Ethics to Politics: The Case of William Paley

This paper will explore the thought of William Paley (1743-1805). Its aim is to convey a picture of Paley’s ethical philosophy in its connection to his political science. The paper begins with a brief comment on Paley’s “rise and fall” as an influential thinker. It then enters into Paley’s thought proper by addressing his conception of human happiness. The paper next addresses Paley’s analysis of the moral sense the existence of which he denies. The paper then proceeds to Paley’s discussion of the heroic and the Christian virtues, the nature of envy and emulation, the desire for recognition, the politics of honor, the ethics of lying and the philosopher’s situation in relation to the political community. The thinkers whose names will emerge in the course of the paper either for comparative comment or simple reference include Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Mandeville, Hume, Kant, Burke, Mill, Fitzhugh and others along with scholarly references.
Image and video transmission in cognitive radio systems under sensing uncertainty

This paper studies the performance of hierarchical-modulation-based image and video transmission in cognitive radio systems with imperfect channel sensing results under constraints on both transmit and interference power. Data intended for transmission is first compressed via source coding techniques and then divided into two priority classes, namely high priority (HP) data and low priority (LP) data, by taking into consideration the unequal importance of bits in the output codestream. After dividing the compressed data into packets of equal size, turbo coding is applied. Finally, the resulting packets are modulated using hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM). In this setting, closed-form bit error probability expressions for HP data and LP data are derived over Nakagami-m fading channels in the presence of sensing errors. Subsequently, the effects of probabilities of detection and false alarm on error rate performance of cognitive transmissions are evaluated. In addition, tradeoffs between the number of retransmissions and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) quality are analyzed numerically. Moreover, performance comparisons of multimedia transmission with conventional QAM and hierarchical QAM are carried out in terms of the received data quality and number of retransmissions.
Turbulent statistics of a boundary layer over swept and unswept bumps

This paper examines the evolution of the turbulent boundary layer over swept and unswept bumps defined by three tangential circular arcs. The flat plate boundary layer approaching both bumps had a momentum thickness Reynolds number of approximately 3800. The resulting flows were complex boundary layers that grew rapidly on the downstream side of the bump but did not separate. The mean flow profiles deviate significantly from typical logarithmic layer behavior. All six components of the Reynolds stress tensor were measured, and their evolution is explained by the growth of two internal layers and the influence of the streamwise pressure gradient. The discontinuities in wall curvature near the leading and trailing edges of the bumps triggered the respective internal layers. In agreement with previous investigations, the shear stress vector lagged the velocity gradient vector despite the spanwise flow changing direction on the downstream side of the bump. Counter to previous studies, the addition of mean cross flow to this complex flow field did not reduce the vertical mixing relative to the turbulent kinetic energy.
Interaction Mechanisms and Predictive Model for the Sorption of Aromatic Compounds onto Nonionic Resins

Understanding interaction mechanisms between porous sorbents and organic compounds is important in selecting or custom-synthesizing an appropriate sorbent. In this study, sorption isotherms of a set of 14 (XAD-4&7) or 11 (MN200) aromatic compounds were measured for three nonionic resins, and a phase conversion approach (from aqueous phase to n-hexadecane or gas phase) was applied to separate sorbate-sorbent interactions from the overall involved interactions. Subsequently, contributions of individual interactions to the overall ΔG were quantified by poly parameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFERs). Cavity energy (V), energy costs for creating cavities in bulk water, is the dominant driving force for the sorption from aqueous phase. Meanwhile, sorption was substantially abated by H-bonding accepting capacities of the solutes (B) due to the high electron accepting capacity of water molecules. Solute’s H-bonding donating capacity (A) and polarity/polarizability (S) are predominantly responsible for...
Stream Loss Contributions to a Municipal Water Supply Aquifer in Memphis, TennesseeStream Loss Contributions to Aquifer

Leakage of water into the semi-confined Memphis aquifer near the Sheahan well field in Memphis, Tennessee, has been suggested by many studies extending back to the 1960s. A leakage pathway from Nonconnah Creek to the Sheahan well field was investigated over a 1-year period using multiple approaches: (1) stream discharge data, (2) hydraulic head data, (3) geochemical and environmental tracer (3H/3He and chlorofluorocarbon) studies, and (4) geochemical modeling. The stream loss data strongly support the conclusion that losses from the creek contribute at least 2,600 m3/d to the shallow aquifer, and hydraulic head data consistently indicate the majority of this infiltrated surface water flows within the shallow aquifer toward the Sheahan well field. Tritium-3He data from shallow aquifer monitoring wells within the Sheahan well field are composed of modern water with ages that generally increase with distance from the creek toward the well field. The leakage pathway from the creek to the well field is interpreted to involve seepage of creek waters into the shallow aquifer, mixing with other water sources and chemical reactions as the infiltrated waters flow in the shallow aquifer along a paleovalley toward the Sheahan well field, as well as leakage from the shallow to the Memphis aquifer through a hydrologic window in the upper Claiborne confining unit. The results of this work emphasize the utility of multiple investigative approaches in studies of groundwater flow to well fields, but they also illustrate the complexity of groundwater flow and groundwater vulnerability in a stressed water-supply aquifer system.
THE DISSCUSSION ON THE MECHANISMS OF DEEP - SEATED HIGH POROSITY IGNEOUS ROCKS' FORMATION

The emphasis and difficulty is the development of carboniferous igneous rocks oil and gas in the belly of Junggar Basin in recent years. The porosity of fifty - four wells carboniferous igneous rocks in Shixi Oilfiled is being studied. The result has been shown that the higher porosity of conglomerate rocks and carbonate rocks than in similar depth and igneous rocks in shallow depth. The research has indicated that lithology and burial dia-genesis determine the development of the porosity of deep - seated igneous rocks in carboniferous in Shixi Oilfield. And burial diagenesis is the key factor.
Sex disparities in use of chemotherapy and survival in patients with advanced bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND Women with advanced bladder cancer have inferior survival compared with men. However, women treated on clinical trials do not appear to have a survival disadvantage. Less frequent administration of systemic chemotherapy in women with advanced bladder cancer may contribute to their inferior survival. METHODS The authors identified patients diagnosed with stage IV bladder cancer from 1998 through 2010 using the National Cancer Data Base, a national outcomes database that includes 70% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases in the United States. Sex differences in demographics, systemic chemotherapy administration, and overall survival (OS) were compared. RESULTS A total of 23,981 patients were identified (35% of whom were female). Compared with men, women were older, more likely to be black, and less likely to be insured (P<.01 for all). The Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score did not differ between men and women. Women were less likely to receive systemic chemotherapy than men (45% vs 52%; adjusted relative risk, 0.91 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.88-0.94]). Women had a lower median OS compared with men (8.0 months [95% CI, 7.7-8.3 months] vs 9.8 months [95% CI, 9.5-10.0 months]; P<.001). OS remained lower for women on multivariable analysis, even after adjusting for the administration of systemic chemotherapy (hazard ratio for death, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08-1.15]). CONCLUSIONS Women are less likely than men to receive systemic chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer and this difference may partially account for the poorer OS observed in women. However, OS remains lower in women independent of chemotherapy use, and may be related to unmeasured comorbidities, functional status, or tumor biology. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Phagosome-lysosome fusion

Phagosome-lysosome fusion plays an important role in the destruction of micro-organisms by phagocytic cells. Several approaches have been used to study the determinants of phagosome-lysosome fusion in mouse macrophages. Fusion can be assayed by electron microscopy using horseradish peroxidase or thorium dioxide as a marker for secondary lysosomes or by a rapid and quantitative fluorescence assay. In the second method, secondary lysosomes are labelled with the fluorescent vital dye Acridine Orange and the rate and extent of their fusion with yeast-containing phagosomes is monitored by fluorescence microscopy (Hart & Young, 1975; Kielian & Cohn, 1980). Good agreement was found with the results obtained from both methods. The rate of fusion is not affected by the number of particles ingested, by enzymic modification or by concanavalin A cross-linking of the plasma membrane or by coating the phagocytic particle with concanavalin A or immune serum (Kielian & Cohn, 1980, 1981~). Fusion is also independent of drugs that affect the cytoskeleton, such as colchicine and cytochalasin B (Kielian & Cohn, 198 la). A limited number of factors can modulate the fusion process either positively or negatively. The rate and extent of fusion is dramatically increased after several days of cell culture. In 4-day cells, the initial rate of fusion is about eightfold higher than at 5 h (Kielian & Cohn, 1980). Fusion is also highly increased in macrophages activated in vivo or treated with the tumour promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at concentrations of 0.1-1 .Opg/ml (Kielian & Cohn, 1981b). Macrophages require 2-3 h of pretreatment with PMA to express maximal phagosome-lysosome fusion, and the effect of PMA stimulation is maintained for at least 20 h when cells are returned to PMA-free medium. The protein synthesis inhibitors puromycin and cycloheximide block the enhancement of phagosome-lysosome fusion, suggesting that PMA-stimulated phagosomelysososme fusion requires protein synthesis. The high fusion rate of 4-day cells is not increased by PMA and is unaffected by protein synthesis inhibitors. Fusion is inhibited by decreased temperature (Kielian & Cohn, 1980). No detectable fusion occurs below 15°C and this inhibition is rapidly reversed when cells are returned to 37°C. Fusion is also inhibited by lysosomal uptake of a number of polyanionic compounds containing high densities of sulphate, sulphonate or carboxylate residues (Hart & Young, 1980). Dextran sulphate (DS) in pg/ml quantities is an excellent inhibitor, whereas nonsulphated dextran is without effect at 1000-fold higher concentrations (Kielian et al., 1982). The DS inhibition correlates with its accumulation in high concentration
Abstract A115: A novel therapy targeting Wnt receptor in metastatic solid tumors

Metastasis is responsible for as much as 90% of cancer-associated mortality; yet progress has remained slow in developing effective drugs either specifically targeting metastasis or targeting cells with metastatic potential. To date, surgical resection is considered the best treatment for most cancers; however, it provides limited benefit in metastatic cancers. Although there are numerous studies showing the migratory potential of metastatic cells and relating metastasis to the biology of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), little is known about how tumor cells engage this fundamental cellular program. We have recently discovered a new non-canonical Wnt pathway through Wnt5-Fzd2 that drives EMT, cellular migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Using focused proteomics approaches, we have identified several novel signaling proteins downstream of Fzd2, including Fyn, Stat3, Mek-Erk-S6k, and Pyk2 kinase. Our new findings highlight critical nodes in the Fzd2 pathway that are linked to metastatic phenotypes such as increased motility, and EMT. Overall, these findings establish the driver role of Fzd2 signaling in diverse solid tumors and make Fzd2 a potential first-in-class therapeutic target for metastatic cancers. Citation Format: Taran Gujral, Marc Kirschner. A novel therapy targeting Wnt receptor in metastatic solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A115.
The Effect of Dexamethasone and Promethazine Administration on Adhesion Formation, Tubal Function, and Ultrastructure Following Microsurgical Anastomosis of Rabbit Oviducts

In a controlled study, 24 rabbits underwent bilateral division and immediate microsurgical anastomosis of the oviducts. Dexamethasone and promethazine were administered to 13 rabbits in a dose and route of administration similar to those used in clinical practice. Eleven control rabbits received a saline vehicle. Morbidity and mortality were encountered only in the dexamethasone and promethazine-treated group. Dexamethasone and promethazine did not appear to influence the formation of intraluminal and peritubal adhesions, histology, ultrastructure, patency, implantation, or pregnancy rates. The presence of intraluminal adhesions, as seen by scanning electron microscopy, was associated with relatively more efficient tubal function as measured by the ability of the oviducts to convey ova to intrauterine implantation sites. Collagen accumulation in the muscularis, as demonstrated by trichrome staining, was associated with relatively decreased tubal function.