cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Day One Talk: parent preferences when learning that their child has cancer

The discussion that occurs between a pediatric oncologist and a family when they first learn about their child’s new diagnosis of cancer is known as the “Day One Talk.” Few studies have addressed parent preferences when learning that their child has been diagnosed with cancer. The objective of this study is to assess what information parents of children with newly diagnosed cancer believe is important to learn during the Day One Talk. In this cross-sectional study, a survey tool based on expert opinion was created to assess parents’ views of components of the Day One Talk including its content, length, and setting, as well as whether the child should be present for the initial talk and which staff should be present for the talk. Sixty-two parents of children with newly diagnosed cancer participated. Ninety-seven percent believed that the Day One Talk is extremely important. Ninety percent believed that the word “cancer” should be used during the Day One Talk. Seventy-seven percent believed that the pediatric oncologist should provide specific numbers regarding cure rates for the patient’s diagnosis. Eighty-four percent of parents do not believe that children younger than 14 should be present. These results suggest that parents of children with cancer have certain preferences regarding the Day One Talk. When conducting the Day One Talk, providers should elicit parent preferences regarding these issues in order to best meet families’ needs.
Female Stimuli Trigger Gene Expression in Male Pigeons

The immediate early gene zenk encodes transcriptional regulators and is believed to be one of the first steps in the formation of long-term memories associated with a given stimulus. In this study, we investigated the expression of ZENK protein product in brain regions that are likely involved in the processing of social stimuli, such as a potential mate. Male pigeons (Columba livia) were exposed to one of the following: (1) a live female pigeon, (2) a video playback of a female pigeon, (3) a video playback of a female cockatoo, or (4) an empty stimulus chamber. The brains were then processed immunohistochemically using an antibody against ZENK protein. When the stimulus was a live pigeon compared to all other stimuli, there were more numerous and more darkly-stained ZENK-positive cells in three "association" regions of the telencephalon: the hyperpallium apicale, the lateral portion of the intermediate nidopallium, and the medial nidopallium. There were no significant differences among the video-playback stimuli. The results suggest that the level of ZENK expression in these "association" regions was influenced not only by the visual presence of a potential mate, but by the presence of non-visual signals, the quality of the image, and the real-time interaction with the stimulus.
Microbiota and Autoimmunity

The commensal microbiota affects many aspects of mammalian health including control of the immune system to such a extent that a “commensalocentric” view of the maintenance of overall health could be suggested. Autoimmunity is a case of mistaken identity: The immune system reacts to self-tissues and cells as if they were pathogens. Autoimmune reactions can be both advanced or blocked by the commensal microbiota, which can affect innate and adaptive arms of immune responses as well as the mechanisms of “innate–adaptive connection.” Whether specific microbial lineages affect immunity and autoimmunity (the “specific lineage hypothesis”) or multiple lineages can tip the homeostatic balance that regulates host/microbiota homeostasis toward reduced or enhanced host reactivity (the “balanced signal hypothesis”) is yet unknown. The complexity of host/microbiota interactions needs to be fully appreciated in order to find the means for prophylaxis and treatment of autoimmune disorders.
DETERMINATION OF TYPE IN CAPSULATED TRANSFORMANTS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS BY THE GENOME OF NON-CAPSULATED DONOR AND RECIPIENT STRAINS

Capsulated transformants producing type II polysaccharide have been obtained by reactions between a number of R mutants of type II pneumococcus. All the IIR strains except II-R36 yielded extracts which transformed 2 VIIIR strains to VIIIS. Two of the IIR strains were transformed to VIIIS by an extract of 1 VIIIR strain. The most striking result was the production of both IIS and VIIIS transformants by the action of extracts of both VIIIR strains applied to cells of II-RB. This suggests that the determination of capsular type in pneumococcus does not depend on single allelomorphic genes; it seems more likely that a number of genes may be required to determine type specificity, and that some genes may be common to different types, possibly in connection with common biochemical pathways for some stages of polysaccharide synthesis. This is further indicated by the finding that extracts of capsulated strains of each of the types I, II, III, VII, VIII, XIV, and XVIII are capable of giving IIS transformants with 1 or more of the IIR strains in addition to the expected donor-type transformants. Strain II-R36 was transformed by extracts of all S types except type VII, but the only transformants found were of the donor type. It appears that II-R36 may have multiple genetic deficiencies for type II capsulation, possibly in the form of a deletion. This may be the case also with IIIS strains since only IIIS transformants were found when IIIS extract was applied to any of the IIR strains.
Movement of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 to Ripe Tomato Fruit Following Various Routes of Contamination

Salmonella serovars have been associated with the majority of foodborne illness outbreaks involving tomatoes, and E. coli O157:H7 has caused outbreaks involving other fresh produce. Contamination by both pathogens has been thought to originate from all points of the growing and distribution process. To determine if Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 could move to the mature tomato fruit of different tomato cultivars following contamination, three different contamination scenarios (seed, leaf, and soil) were examined. Following contamination, each cultivar appeared to respond differently to the presence of the pathogens, with most producing few fruit and having overall poor health. The Micro-Tom cultivar, however, produced relatively more fruit and E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the ripe tomatoes for both the seed- and leaf- contaminated plants, but not following soil contamination. The Roma cultivar produced fewer fruit, but was the only cultivar in which E. coli O157:H7 was detected via all three routes of contamination. Only two of the five cultivars produced tomatoes following seed-, leaf-, and soil- contamination with Salmonella Typhimurium, and no Salmonella was found in any of the tomatoes. Together these results show that different tomato cultivars respond differently to the presence of a human pathogen, and for E. coli O157:H7, in particular, tomato plants that are either contaminated as seeds or have a natural opening or a wound, that allows bacteria to enter the leaves can result in plants that have the potential to produce tomatoes that harbor internalized pathogenic bacteria.
Ritonavir 100 mg Does Not Cause QTc Prolongation in Healthy Subjects: A Possible Role as CYP3A Inhibitor in Thorough QTc Studies

To assess the QTc prolongation by ritonavir (RTV) 100 mg and explore its potential use as CYP3A inhibitor in thorough QTc (TQT) studies. Randomized, crossover study of single-dose RTV 100 mg, placebo, and moxifloxacin (MFLX) 400 mg in 65 healthy subjects with serial triplicate electrocardiograms obtained for 12 h post-dose. Largest mean placebo-adjusted QTcF increase from baseline (90% confidence interval (CI)) for RTV 100 mg was noninferior to placebo (0.16 ms (-1.38, 1.69)). Study sensitivity was validated by detecting the largest mean placebo-adjusted QTcF increase from baseline (90% CI) for MFLX of 8.31 ms (6.44, 10.18). A single dose of RTV 100 mg does not cause QTc prolongation in healthy subjects. Based on the potent CYP3A4 inhibition, lack of QTc effect and better safety profile, RTV 100 mg could replace ketoconazole as the CYP3A4 inhibitor in TQT studies.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Outbred Pedigrees

In this chapter, we present statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in outbred or complex pedigrees. Such pedigrees exist primarily in livestock populations, also in human populations, and occasionally in experimental animal or plant populations. The main focus of this chapter is on linkage mapping, but methods for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and combined linkage/LD mapping are also outlined. The latter are very recent proposals and are at the time of writing less developed than linkage methods. We describe least-squares and maximum likelihood (ML) methods for estimating QTL effects, and variance components analysis by approximate (residual) ML for estimating QTL variance contributions. We describe Bayesian QTL mapping, its prior distributions and other distributional assumptions, its implementation via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, its inferences, and contrast it with frequentist methodology. Genotype sampling algorithms using genotypic peeling, allelic peeling, or descent graphs are described. Genotype samplers are a critical component of MCMC algorithms implementing ML and Bayesian analyses for complex pedigrees. Lastly, fine-mapping methods including chromosome dissection and linkage disequilibrium mapping using current and historical recombinations, respectively, are outlined, and initial method developments combining linkage disequilibrium and linkage are presented. Keywords: quantitative trait loci; pedigree analysis; Bayesian inference; variance components; residual maximum likelihood; outbred population; linkage mapping; linkage disequilibrium; Markov chain monte carlo; peeling; descent graph
The attitudes of black Americans toward advance directives.

Purpose: To describe how some Black Americans view advance directives. Current literature revealed that most prior studies used quantitative methods with force-choice questions and had few Black su...
NAHUA LOAN WORDS FROM THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIOD: Words for cacao preparation on a Río Azul ceramic vessel

The discovery of words in a Nahua language on a Maya ceramic vessel provides evidence of Nahua influence in the Maya region as early as a.d. 480, centuries earlier than previously believed. The words are spelled in syllabic Maya signs painted on a pot known to have contained chocolate (Hall et al. 1990). The words occur within the context of the primary standard sequence, a well-known Maya formula, and describe the chocolate drink that among the later Mexica (Aztec) was reserved for “rulers and esteemed noblewomen.” This new reading supports the Uto-Aztecan etymology of cacao proposed by Karin Dakin and Soren Wichmann (2000) and their assertion that an economically and militarily powerful Nahua-speaking people were responsible for the spread of the word cacao into southern Mesoamerica. More broadly, these findings have implications for the role of Uto-Aztecan speakers in the formation and spread of Mesoamerican civilization.
Sub-10ns Frequency Hopping Synthesizer based on Injection-Locking

In this paper we present the design for a fast hopping frequency synthesizer with sub-10 ns switching time capability. The synthesizer utilizes injection-locking to obtain the fast lock time. The measurement results from a prototype design fabricated in 0.13-mum CMOS, shows good agreement with theoretical results. Minimum frequency hopping time at 3.3 GHz is 4 ns while the worst case is 10.02 ns. The injection-locked oscillator (ILO) system consumed 10 mA of current from a 1.2 V supply.
An ice shelf mechanism for Heinrich layer production

The effect of an ice shelf in the Labrador Sea on ice-rafted sediment delivery to the glacial North Atlantic is investigated using a finite element numerical model of ice shelf flow. Discharge into the shelf from Hudson Strait creates a thick central core, extending downstream into the shelf, that is flanked by relatively thin ice. Melting at the base of the deep keel would produce cool, fresh water which would rise to refreeze along the keel's flanks. Debris deposited by melting deep central ice could create the Heinrich layers observed in the Labrador Sea while the debris-rich ice protected by basal freezing on the flanks of the thick ice plume could transport sediment over large distances. Heinrich layers would be produced solely by external climate forcing, without changes in ice sheet flow. The mechanism is plausible if the lifetime of the ice shelf is about 1000 years.
Insuring sample equivalence across Internet and paper-and-pencil assessments.

Abstract Internet-based data collection is becoming an increasingly popular method of conducting psychological research. A growing number of studies have investigated the equivalence of data collected over the Internet and data gathered using traditional assessment methods. Many of these studies, however, have had methodological limitations such as using non-equivalent comparison groups and inappropriate data analytic strategies. In this study, 213 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to complete attractiveness ratings via traditional paper-and-pencil methods or through an Internet site; data were analyzed using equivalency testing methodology. Results indicated that mean ratings of physical and sexual attractiveness between the two conditions were equivalent for the full sample. However, when examined separately by respondent gender, ratings of same gender targets were significantly higher for the paper-and-pencil methodology. Implications are discussed.
Listening to the Heartbeat of New York: Writings on the Wall

In this article, the author presents the ways in which her graduate students negotiate and scribe their understandings about the changing landscapes of their lives through dialogue, reflection, artwork, and writing. Secondly, she documents how the communal discourse of Lower Manhattan, more specifically, the “writings on the wall,” is testament to the ways people use multiple modes of representation to bear witness to the unimaginable. These “writings” are interspersed throughout the piece in bold, so as to give them prominence. Lastly, she describes the reflexive, hermeneutic, and interactive process by which she conceptualizes the domains of analysis and frames her understandings about the significance of this transformational literacy event.
Changes in twelve homoeologous genomic regions in soybean following three rounds of polyploidy

With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, the availability of genomic sequence for comparative genomics is increasing exponentially. Numerous completed plant genome sequences enable characterization of patterns of the retention and evolution of genes within gene families due to multiple polyploidy events, gene loss and fractionation, and differential evolutionary pressures over time and across different gene families. In this report, we trace the changes that have occurred in 12 surviving homoeologous genomic regions from three rounds of polyploidy that contributed to the current Glycine max genome: a genome triplication before the origin of the rosids (~130 to 240 million years ago), a genome duplication early in the legumes (~58 million years ago), and a duplication in the Glycine lineage (~13 million years ago). Patterns of gene retention following the genome triplication event generally support predictions of the Gene Balance Hypothesis. Finally, we find that genes in networks with a high level of connectivity are more strongly conserved than those with low connectivity and that the enrichment of these highly connected genes in the 12 highly conserved homoeologous segments may in part explain their retention over more than 100 million years and repeated polyploidy events.
Use of continuous approximations within discrete algorithms for routing vehicles: Experimental results and interpretation

This paper creates and tests a vehicle routing heuristic that combines features of continuous space modeling and discrete modeling. The goals of the paper were (1) to determine whether exploiting continuous space approximations in the formation of an initial partition of customers into districts produces significant improvements in solution quality and (2) to test the validity of Daganzo's route-length approximation in cases where shipment sizes are either identical or variable. The initial partition is created by dividing the service region into multiple annuli and then partitioning the annuli with a modified sweep algorithm. The initial solution is iteratively updated with a generalized assignment algorithm, which employs a new method for approximating the cost of inserting a stop into a tour. Computational tests have been systematically performed on over 500 sample problems with up to 170 stops and 70 districts. Unlike prior research, sample problems are sufficiently large to exhibit the multiple-annuli phenomenon studied in Daganzo's work. Results show that continuous space models can provide substantial improvements in the initial customer partition compared to single-annulus methods. However, after repeated application of a generalized assignment algorithm, the initial advantage of the continuous space solution tends to evaporate. Results also show that Daganzo's model provides accurate predictions of average distance between stops, especially on large problems with identical shipment sizes. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantum radiation by moving mirrors

The quantum radiation of scalar particles by a moving mirror is discussed. A perturbation method is developed which allows one to calculate the radiation produced by a boundary of arbitrary shape in the nonrelativistic limit. It is applied to the case of a mirror in two-dimensional space-time and reproduces the results of Fulling and Davies. It is also applied to the case of a plane mirror in four-dimensional space-time, and a formula is obtained for the total energy radiated by an arbitrary nonrelativistic motion.
Commodity-price volatility and macroeconomic spillovers: Evidence from nine emerging markets

The recent decade has witnessed wild swings in global commodity prices, with large increases preceding the Global Financial Crisis and steep declines following the crash. Many emerging markets find themselves destabilized by these fluctuations, not only when price increases lead to currency appreciations and reduced competitiveness, but also when price decreases cause capital outflows and deteriorations in the balance of payments. This study examines the volatility processes of six major commodity prices, before applying Multivariate GARCH analysis to examine spillovers among important commodity prices and output, exchange rates, interest rates and inflation in major emerging markets. While each commodity and each country behaves differently, we find that Chile is most closely tied to the copper price, and Indonesia to oil and tin, while neighbors such as Brazil and the Philippines are less affected. Perhaps surprisingly, Russia is found to be highly insulated from fluctuations in world oil prices.
Flexible Plate Finite Element on Elastic Foundation

A step-by-step linear incremental procedure for large deflection analyses of plates on elastic foundations using finite elements is presented. The incremental stiffness matrices for a conforming rectangular plate finite element, which are appropriate for large deflection analysis, are formulated and presented explicitly. Evaluative analyses are made by using the incremental stiffness formulations and piecewise incremental procedures. Examples include uniformly loaded rectangular plates with different length-to-width ratios, various boundary conditions and foundation moduli. Comparisons are made in those cases where the alternative analytic solutions are available. Good agreements are found.
Phenotypes for Psychotropic Drug Metabolism in the Elderly

In elderly people, illness caused by medications may be the most significant treatable health problem (Beers and Ouslander 1989). One-sixth of all U.S. hospital admissions of patients over 70 years of age, compared with 1 in 35 admissions in the rest of the population, have been attributed to adverse drug reactions (National Council on Patient Information 1988). In Britain, 10% of all hospital admissions to geriatric medicine departments were found to be due to medication toxicity. A total of 25.4% of patients admitted under these circumstances were taking four to six drugs and 12% were taking psychotropics (Williamson and Chopin 1980).
The Biopsychosocial Model: Menstrual Attitudes, Sources of Information, and Premenstrual Symptomatology among Mothers with and without PMS and Adolescent Daughters

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate mothers diagnosed with or without PMS and their firstborn biological adolescent daughters in order to examine the relationship of menstrual attitudes and sources of information with premenstrual symptomatology. Findings of this study demonstrated that 79 percent of the daughters experienced premenstrual symptomatology if their mothers had PMS, whereas only 18 percent of the daughters experienced premenstrual symptomatology if their mothers did not have PMS. Results revealed significant differences in sources of menstrual information between the daughters of mothers with PMS and the daughters of mothers without PMS. Daughters of mothers without PMS reported elementary school, high school, and biology classes as a primary source of menstrual information, whereas daughters of mothers with PMS did not. Mothers with PMS viewed menstruation as debilitating and bothersome. Mothers without PMS viewed menstruation as a natural event and denied any effect of menstr...
Performance of cell-to-cell interference mitigation in 1y-nm MLC flash memory

A cell-to-cell interference (CCI) cancellation algorithm is evaluated using experimental data from a 1y-nm MLC flash memory device. The resulting endurance improvement is quantified for the different types of page within the flash block and an error analysis is performed. Various simplifications of the algorithm are considered to achieve low read latency without sacrificing error-rate reduction.
Reminiscences, and some explorations about the bootstrap

Abstract The paper is a potpourri of short sections. There will be some reminiscences about Evarist (from the early 1970s), then some on infinite-dimensional limit theorems from 1950 through 1990. A section reviews a case of slow convergence in the central limit theorem for empirical processes (Beck, 1985) and another the “fast” convergence of Komlos–Major–Tusnady. The paper does an experimental exploration of bootstrap confidence intervals for the mean (of Pareto distributions) and (as less commonly seen) for the variance, of normal and Pareto distributions.
Strained-layer heteroepitaxy to fabricate self-assembled semiconductor islands

Publisher Summary Self-assembled islands formed during strained-layer epitaxy constitute a unique approach to the fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures. The chapter reviews basic concepts of strained-layer epitaxy and the techniques commonly used to fabricate and characterize the semiconductor nanostructures. The formation of clusters and the attachment of atoms to existing structures and clusters are important in the formation of self-assembled islands. When diffusing adatoms find each other, they can nucleate and form an island. Island growth continues either when other diffusing adatoms attach themselves or by direct impingement of gas phase atoms onto existing islands. Adatoms that directly impinge on an island can either incorporate into the island or lead to the next-layer growth, depending on the surface potential. Although the diffusion of adatoms attached to the islands can be significantly reduced because of the local surface potential, it is still possible for adatoms to detach from the islands. As the islands continue to grow further, and possibly migrate, they can find other islands and coalesce into one large island. The evolution of island formation can, therefore, be visualized as a progression through three different growth regimes. Initially, there is a high concentration of adatoms or monomers diffusing on the surface, resulting in a high probability of island nucleation.
Anti-TNFα alters the natural history of experimental Crohn's disease in rats when begun early, but not late, in disease.

This study shows that anti-TNFα therapy decreased tissue inflammation and both proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokine gene expression when given early but not late in the course of peptidoglycan-...
Seeing the Errors You Feel Enhances Locomotor Performance but Not Learning.

In human motor learning, it is thought that the more information we have about our errors, the faster we learn. Here, we show that additional error information can lead to improved motor performance without any concomitant improvement in learning. We studied split-belt treadmill walking that drives people to learn a new gait pattern using sensory prediction errors detected by proprioceptive feedback. When we also provided visual error feedback, participants acquired the new walking pattern far more rapidly and showed accelerated restoration of the normal walking pattern during washout. However, when the visual error feedback was removed during either learning or washout, errors reappeared with performance immediately returning to the level expected based on proprioceptive learning alone. These findings support a model with two mechanisms: a dual-rate adaptation process that learns invariantly from sensory prediction error detected by proprioception and a visual-feedback-dependent process that monitors learning and corrects residual errors but shows no learning itself. We show that our voluntary correction model accurately predicted behavior in multiple situations where visual feedback was used to change acquisition of new walking patterns while the underlying learning was unaffected. The computational and behavioral framework proposed here suggests that parallel learning and error correction systems allow us to rapidly satisfy task demands without necessarily committing to learning, as the relative permanence of learning may be inappropriate or inefficient when facing environments that are liable to change.
PACE, a dry etch, ultra-high speed, precision machining and polishing process for micro/macroscopic features w/o subsurface damage

Summary form only given. A non-incremental improvement in the fabrication of integrated micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) devices can be expected from plasma assisted chemical etching (PACE) because it is an extremely fast (0.1 mm/min or /spl sim/10/sup 3/ faster than RIE) and precise (/spl sim/1% or /spl sim/10 times more repeatable) dry etch process with the ability to shape and polish both microscopic and macroscopic features (/spl sim/0.1 micron to >1 cm) without subsurface damage. For example, PACE offers precision machining of large area arbitrarily aspheric surfaces, and in the same process, microstructures with the small feature sizes required for sensors, microelectronic devices, monolithic packages for microwave circuits and antennas, optical gratings and detector arrays over these areas.
Patterns of nonhematologic malignancies in a population of African American veterans with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS).

8103 Background: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance (MGUS) is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin in the serum or the urine with no evidence of hematologic malig...
Political Imagination – Contributions to a Christian Vision of Politics

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: On the one hand, contem­porary politics is so overwhelmed by imagination that there is a risk for politics to be dissolved into mere crea­tive communication. On the other hand, in an age when politics is reduced to simple administration, there is little room for imagination and the new possibilities it brings. By illuminating the ambiguous nature of the imaginative act I would like to show how a Christian vision of politics may help to understand both sides of this paradox. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: There are two radically distinct ways to carry out imagi­nation depending on the subject’s fundamental attitude. Thus I will elaborate through a phenomenological analysis how this difference is present in all dimension of political imagination concerning the following essential criteria: a) the focus on the intentional object, b) methodology, c) temporal structure. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: If the act of fantasy is really that negative in all these aspects why do philosophers prefer it to the act of imagination ? I argue that historically speaking the pivotal point is the Kantian philosophy and it is the Kantian heritage that influenced Feuerbach to lay the new fundaments of political fantasy . RESEARCH RESULTS: Through interpreting a crucial passage of Feuer­bach’s The Essence of Christianity I show that the way Kant and Feuerbach trans­formed the concept of a receptive and obedient imagination focused on the Christian mystery are fatal for political philosophy. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: I insist that contemporary Christian politics is once again on a cross‑road, either it remains captivated by fantasy or it gets liberated by becoming true imagina­tion. Imagination is centered on the mystery that illuminates the whole sphere of politics in all of its horizontal and vertical dimensions and thus allows for a radically new beginning of political reflection.
Three-phase material distribution measurements in a vertical flow using gamma-densitometry tomography and electrical-impedance tomography

Experiments are presented in which electrical-impedance tomography (EIT) and gamma-densitometry tomography (GDT) measurements were combined to simultaneously measure the solid, liquid, and gas radial distributions in a vertical three-phase flow. The experimental testbed was a 19.05-cm diameter bubble column in which gas is injected at the bottom and exits out the top while the liquid and solid phases recirculate. The gas phase was air and the liquid phase was deionized water with added electrolytes. Four different particle classes were investigated for the solid phase: 40--100 {micro}m and 120--200 {micro}m glass beads (2.41 g/cm{sup 3}), and 170--260 {micro}m and 200--700 {micro}m polystyrene beads (1.04 g/cm{sup 3}). Superficial gas velocities of 3 to 30 cm/s and solid volume fractions up to 0.30 were examined. For all experimental conditions investigated, the gas distribution showed only a weak dependence on both particle size and density. Average gas volume fraction as a function of superficial gas velocity can be described to within {+-} 0.04 by curve passing through the center of the data. For most cases the solid particle appeared to be radically uniformly dispersed in the liquid.
How Does CEO Age Affect Firm Risk

Previous research demonstrates that older CEOs are associated with lower firm equity risk and fewer R&D expenditures. We examine the risk-taking behavior of CEOs and find that not only do older CEOs invest in less R&D, they do so sub-optimally, in the sense that CEO age distorts the effect of q on R&D investment decisions. We find that it is specifically through the channel of R&D investment that CEO age is associated with the reduction in firm equity risk. Consistent with the sub-optimality of these distortions, firms with more effective corporate governance do not exhibit these associations.
Methodological and Historical Inquiry

Before tracing the appearance and development of the discourse on ming and shi as well as addressing its significance and effect, I shall introduce the method I employ to interpret the classical texts related to the topic and the sociopolitical and intellectual background of the discourse.
Global Mental Health and Adolescent Anxiety: Kin, Care and Struggle in New Mexico

While recent developments within the field of global mental health have illuminated the reality of serious mental health difficulties worldwide, particularly in low-income settings, research that focuses on children and adolescents remains underdeveloped. This is especially the case with respect to ethnographic studies of lived experience of adolescents diagnosed with serious mental health conditions. Drawing from an interdisciplinary study of adolescents in New Mexico who were afflicted with a broad range of disorders according to contemporary research diagnostic criteria, this article focuses on anxiety-related conditions with respect to subjective experience and social-ecological contexts of living with such conditions. We offer preliminary observations regarding the value of linking ethnographic and research diagnostic data to address questions of resilience, endurance, capacity and struggle. These observations are intended as the basis for the formulation of more precise hypotheses about adolescent anxiety, kin, and care under conditions of structural violence marked by psychological, residential, and intergenerational adversity.
Culture and self-deception: A theoretical perspective

The distribution of self-deceptions among individuals and cultures around the world is an important topic for future study. In this paper definitions of cultural variations and self-deceptions are presented and the links among these constructs are examined.
Mammalian transcription factors in yeast: strangers in a familiar land

Many transcription factors in human cells have functional orthologues in yeast, and a common experimental theme has been to define the function of the yeast protein and then test whether the mammalian version behaves similarly. Although, at first glance, this approach does not seem feasible for factors that do not have yeast counterparts, mammalian transcriptional activators or repressors can be expressed directly in yeast. Often, the mammalian factor retains function in yeast, and this allows investigators to exploit the experimental tractability of yeast to ask a diverse set of questions.
The role of government in regentrification

Regentrification has been a controversial and often debated topic since it was first observed in the late 1960s. This paper expands the understanding of regentrification through the development of a new hybrid Tiebout‐Alonso model that explicitly introduces: (i) public transportation as an alternative mode of commute to automobile and (ii) a detailed modelling of housing and land demand so that the size of housing driven force against that of opposing commuting driven force is in line with the empirical estimates of existing literature. We find that government policies (school district boundary alteration, taxes and subsidies for commuters) have substantial effects on the degree of regentrification and concentration of poverty around central cities. La regentrificacion ha sido un tema controvertido, y a menudo debatido, desde que se observo por primera vez a finales de la decada de 1960. Este articulo amplia la comprension de la regentrificacion a traves del desarrollo de un nuevo modelo hibrido Tiebout‐Alonso, que introduce explicitamente: (i) el transporte publico como medio alternativo al desplazamiento diario al trabajo en automovil y (ii) una modelizacion detallada de la demanda de vivienda y de suelo, de modo que el tamano de la fuerza impulsora de la vivienda frente al de la fuerza impulsora de la oposicion a los desplazamientos diarios al trabajo coincida con las estimaciones empiricas de la bibliografia existente. Se encontro que las politicas gubernamentales (la alteracion de los limites de los distritos escolares, los impuestos y los subsidios a quienes se desplazan diariamente al trabajo) tienen efectos sustanciales en el grado de regentrificacion y concentracion de la pobreza alrededor de las ciudades centrales. リジェントリフィケーション (regentrification)は、1960年代の後期に初めて認められて以来、見解が分かれており、多く議論されてきたトピックである。本稿では、TieboutモデルとAlonsoモデルをハイブリッドした新しいモデルの開発を通じて、リジェントリフィケーションの理解を深める。この新しいモデルは、通勤による、拮抗する駆動力の大きさに対する住宅による駆動力の大きさが既存研究による実証的推定値に一致するように、1)自家用車による通勤手段の代替様式としての公共交通機関と、2)住宅と土地の需要の詳細なモデル化を明示的に導入する。行政の政策 (学区の変更、通勤通学者への課税と補助)が、リジェントリフィケーションの程度と都市中心部の周辺の貧困の集中にかなりの影響を与えていることがわかる。
Platelet Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases

Currently, the two antiplatelet agents with proven efficacy are aspirin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase-dependent synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2 ), and ticlopidine, which blocks the ability of ADP to inhibit stimulated adenyl cyclase. Both of these drugs have proven prophylactic uses in reducing the risk of thromboocclusive and thromboembolic complications for all major arterial beds in individuals with a previous history of such episodes. Controlled trials show that both aspirin and ticlopidine are indicated in the secondary prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular occlusion. However, there are limitations to their efficacy. No net changes in vascular events are seen with primary prevention.
The Basic Physics of Water Penetration into Hot Rock

There are a number of rival ideas about how heat is transferred to the hot fluids of major geothermal areas. One of these is the theory of water penetration into hot rock, where thermal shrinkage of the rocks permits them to crack on a relatively small scale and then transport heat away from the hot boundary thus formed. The theory has the advantage of requiring a relatively small area of contact between water and hot rock to produce the high hermal outputs of large geothermal areas: of the order of 1 km2. This is because the thermal boundary layer is established by the advance of a cracking front into the rock itself, and is a function of front velocity rather than preexisting geological structure. A critical review of the physics of the process shows that the weakest areas of the theory are in the understanding of the mechanics of the cracking process and in the structure of the porous-medium convection that discharges the heat. The problems in both these areas stem from a basic lack of knowledge of the physics, and not from weaknesses in the theory itself. The one-dimensionality of the treatment is not a serious limitation because the predicted crack spacing, of the order of a meter, is much smaller than the kilometer scale of three-dimensionality in the geometry.
The Overall Nutritional Quality Index (ONQI™): Derivation, Validation, and Application

Dietary pattern has been linked to health for centuries [1, 2]. Clinical trials have demonstrated the powerful influence of dietary pattern on chronic disease risk and mortality [3–8]. A body of research dating back roughly 20 years establishes diets at odds with prevailing recommendations as a leading cause of premature mortality and chronic morbidity [9]. A recent addition to the relevant evidence is the fast-growing literature demonstrating the capacity for dietary pattern, and lifestyle practices in general, to extend their influence from physiology to gene expression [10, 11].
Toward a Self-aware System for Exascale Architectures

High-performance systems are evolving to a point where performance is no longer the sole relevant criterion. The current execution and resource management paradigms are no longer sufficient to ensure correctness and performance. Power requirements are presently driving the co-design of HPC systems, which in turn sets the course for a radical change in how to express the need for scarcer and scarcer resources, as well as how to manage them. It is our opinion that systems will need to become more introspective and self-aware with respect to performance, energy, and resiliency. In this position paper, we explore the major hardware requirements we believe are central to enabling introspection and self-awareness, as well as the types of interfaces and information that will be needed for such runtime systems. We also discuss a research path toward a self-aware system for exascale architectures.
Congenital paraesophageal hernia: Contemporary results and outcomes of laparoscopic approach to repair in symptomatic infants and children.

Abstract Background Congenital paraesophageal hernia (CPEH) is a rare diaphragmatic anomaly for which repair has primarily been described by laparotomy, although, more recent case series describe laparoscopic repair. In reports with over five patients, the predominant approach has been with laparotomy. The purpose of our study was to review our recent institutional experience and results with exclusively laparoscopic repair of CPEH in infants and children. Methods An IRB approved retrospective review of all patients with CPEH who underwent laparoscopic treatment at a tertiary children's hospital from 2010 to 2017 was performed. We included only those patients from our own institution with primary CPEH, or CPEH with prior repair (s) at other centers, with recurrence presenting for operation. Data including demographics, diagnostic studies, operative details, complications, outcomes, and follow up were analyzed. Age at diagnosis was 1 day to 25 years of age (mean 2.5 years). Results A total 28 patients underwent 30 operations to treat CPEH. All operations were completed laparoscopically with no conversions to open. There were 6 Type II, 16 Type III, and 6 Type IV CPEH patients. Seventeen patients were less than one year of age (61%). Weight at time of repair was 10.3 kg (1.2–44 kg). Twelve patients were less than 5 kg (43%), eight patients (28.5%) were less than 10 kg, and 8 were more than 10 kg (28.5%). Operative time averaged 125 min (range 61–247 min). Three patients underwent initial CPEH repair (s) (open: 2 and laparoscopic: 1) at other institutions before laparoscopic revision was performed at our hospital (11%). Crural repair was performed in all patients, fundoplication in 26 (93%) and concomitant gastrostomy was performed in 14 patients (50%). Complications included two patients with recurrent hiatal hernias, which were redone laparoscopically (2/28 or 7% recurrence) and 1 capnothorax requiring pigtail drainage postoperatively. There were no deaths, no requirement for esophageal dilations, or esophageal lengthening. One patient required laparoscopic gastrostomy six weeks post initial repair for failure to thrive. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 8 years (average 36 months). Conclusion Congenital paraesophageal hernia in infants and children is uncommon. Based on our experience, the laparoscopic approach to repair is feasible, even for neonates, with excellent results, acceptably low recurrence rate, and may even be considered for revisional operations. Study type Clinical research paper. Level of evidence Type IV.
Infection, thrombosis, and oncologic outcome after interval debulking surgery: Does perioperative blood transfusion matter?

Abstract Objectives To determine whether perioperative red blood cell transfusion (PRBCT) affects infection, thrombosis, or survival rates in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS). Methods Demographics, operative characteristics, and outcome data were abstracted from records of stage IIIC-IV EOC patients managed with NACT-IDS from 01/2010–07/2015. Associations of PRBCT with morbidity and oncologic outcomes were evaluated. Results Of 270 patients, 136 (50.4%) received PRBCT. Patients with preoperative anemia and higher estimated blood loss (EBL) were more likely to undergo PRBCT (OR,95%CI 1.80, 1.02–3.17) and (OR,95%CI 1.00, 1.002–1.004), respectively. There were no significant differences in PRBCT based on patient age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, or stage. When compared to low complexity operations, patients with moderate and high complexity surgeries were more likely to receive PRBCT (OR,95%CI 1.81, 1.05–3.09) and (OR,95%CI 2.25, 1.13–4.50), respectively. On univariate analysis, PRBCT was associated with intraabdominal infection (OR,95%CI 8.31, 1.03–67.41), but not wound complications (OR,95%CI 1.57, 0.76–3.23) or venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism (VTE/PE) (OR,95%CI 2.02, 0.49–8.23). After adjusting for surgical complexity and preoperative anemia, PRBCT was not independently associated with intraabdominal infection (OR,95%CI 7.66, 0.92–63.66), wound complications (OR,95%CI 1.70, 0.80–3.64), or VTE/PE (OR,95%CI 2.15, 0.51–9.09). When comparing patients undergoing PRBCT versus those who did not, there were no significant differences in median progression-free survival (PFS) or median overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis after adjusting for age, stage and residual disease. Conclusions Among patients undergoing NACT-IDS, intraabdominal infection, wound complication and VTE/PE rates are similar, regardless of PRBCT. PRBCT does not impact PFS or OS.
D. W. Winnicott : Holding, playing and moving toward mutuality

More, perhaps, than any other psychoanalytic theorist, Winnicott spoke to our belief in the possibility of maternal repair in the consulting room. His work is widely admired, often idealized, and sometimes misunderstood. Winnicott's writing is lyrical more than concrete, replete with metaphors that don’t always make clear what he actually did—or thought—moment to moment. This Chapter examines his particular idiom and its implications for, and applications to, clinical work. It is decidedly not a review of his entire theoretical contribution. Instead, I focus on those elements of Winnicott’s thinking that altered the way clinicians practiced then and practice now. After describing what I view as Winnicott’s most important clinical contributions, I discuss their potential weaknesses. Finally, I review my own effort to create a relational bridge to the Winnicottian perspective. I hope that, as you read this Chapter, you will feel your way into this material from the inside out. Ideally, you will locate its fit—and collision—with your own professional idiom and perhaps rewrite the material in your own words.
USA-scale patterns in wetland water quality as determined from the 2011 National Wetland Condition Assessment

Water quality is a central component of ecological assessments but less well characterized in wetlands than other waterbody types. The 2011 National Wetland Condition Assessment, spanning freshwater and brackish wetlands across the conterminous USA, provided an unprecedented opportunity to examine water quality patterns across broad wetland types and geographic scales. Surface water samples were obtained from 634 (56%) of sites visited. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), planktonic chlorophyll (CHLA), and specific conductance (SPCOND) ranged 4 orders of magnitude across sites and were inter-correlated. Woody versus herbaceous vegetation type was an important classifier, with herbaceous sites having standing water more often and generally higher pH, nutrients, and CHLA. Nutrient ratios spanned a range from P-limited to N-limited in most biogeographic regions, and increasing TP was associated with decreasing TN:TP ratios. Compared to national-scale data for other waterbody types (lakes, streams, marine nearshore), wetlands had generally higher TN and TP but not higher CHLA. Differences among biogeographic regions in water quality were concordant between inland wetlands and lakes, and between marine-coast wetlands and the marine nearshore. Associations of TN, TP, and CHLA to percent agriculture or natural land were stronger for the watershed scale than for smaller concentric buffer scales, suggesting that wetlands are influenced by landuse some distance away. SPCOND was related to landuse in inland wetlands but reflected seawater influence in marine-coast wetlands. Water quality exhibits the same general patterns and responses across wetlands as across other waterbody types and thus can provide a basis for ecological classification and condition assessment.
Worst-case relative cost optimal control for dynamic systems with finite admissible disturbance sequence sets

This paper proposes a controller that gives guaranteed optimal performance in terms of the relative cost for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with uncertainties. In some systems, the abso...