cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Religiosity and coping in mothers of children diagnosed with cancer: An exploratory analysis

Although several factors related to coping in parents of children diagnosed with cancer have been explored, little is known about their religious beliefs and behavior and its relationship to coping. The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data on the religious beliefs and behaviors of mothers of children with cancer and the relation to their psychological adjustment. Twenty-seven mothers of children diagnosed with cancer completed several measures of religious beliefs and behaviors as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The sample was highly religious and specifically Christian. Thirty percent of the mothers reported elevated levels of depressive symptoms, and these mothers reported lower levels of religious belief and behavior than the mothers who denied depressive symptoms. These data suggest a relationship between religiosity and positive coping behavior that should continue to be explored.
DNA-protein cross-links induced by nickel compounds in intact cultured mammalian cells.

Summary The carcinogenic activity of crystalline NiS has been attributed to phagocytosis and intracellular dissolution of the particles to yield Ni 2+ which is thought to enter the nucleus and damage DNA. In this study the extent and type of DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells treated with various nickel compounds was assessed by alkaline elution. Both insoluble (crystalline NiS) and soluble (NiCl 2 ) nickel compounds induced single strand breaks and DNA protein cross-links. The single strand breaks were repaired relatively quickly but the DNA-protein cross-links were present and still accumulating 24 h after exposure to nickel. Single strand breakage occurred at both non-cytotoxic and cytotoxic concentrations of nickel, however, DNA-protein cross-linking was absent when cells were exposed to toxic nickel levels. The concentration of nickel that induced DNA-protein cross-linking correlated with those metal concentrations that reversibly inhibited cellular replication.
A PFG NMR experiment for accurate diffusion and flow studies in the presence of eddy currents

Abstract A pulsed-field-gradient NMR experiment that permits accurate measurements of diffusion and flow rates in the presence of eddy currents is presented. The experiment employs short transverse evolution times and is thus especially useful for the study of systems exhibiting fast transverse relaxation or homonuclear scalar coupling. The insensitivity of the experiment to the presence of eddy currents is demonstrated with experiments on 5% polyacrylamide gels.
Age Dependent Hit Probabilities for Lung Cancer Induction Following Exhalation of Ingested Radon

Abstract Previous calculations of the risk following ingestion of 222Rn (radon) in drinking water have been concerned primarily with the solubilization of the radon in body tissues, followed by in situ decay. Much less attention has been directed towards the escape of radon from lung tissue and blood into the alveolar air, which should lead to doses to lung tissue as the newly formed progeny deposit in lung passages prior to exhalation. The present report details the calculation of hit probabilities to the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium and alveolar cells in various age groups following ingestion of radon in drinking water. Results are compared with those obtained for the in situ decay of radon within the lung mass.
Use of Penicillin-Gradient and Replicate Plates for the Demonstration of Tolerance to Penicillin in Streptococci

A new method was developed for the demonstration of tolerance to penicillin in streptococci of groups B and D. The sequential use of penicillin-gradient and replicate plates was simple, reliable, and less time-consuming than conventional methods for the measurement of ratios of minimal bactericidal to minimal inhibitory concentrations and rates of bacterial killing. This method promises to be of value in the further characterization and understanding of penicillin tolerance in vitro and in vivo.
Galois-theoretical groups

A group G is called Galois-theoretical if CGCA(H)=H for any subgroup H of G and CACG(B)=B for any subgroup B of A=Aut(G). This paper shows that a group G is Galois-theoretical if and only if G is isomorphic to the trivial group, to the cyclic group of order 3, or to the symmetric group of degree 3.
Characterization of Self-Stimulation Elicited From Rat Dorsolateral Pariaqueductal Gray

Rats were stereotaxically implanted with chronic bipolar electrodes aimed at the periaqueductal central gray (PCG) and were subsequently tested for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior. Consistent and reliable ICSS behavior was elicited from both the midventral and dorsolateral portions of the PCG, the latter result occurring in loci previously reported as predominantly aversive. Midventral PCG ICSS rates were significantly higher than dorsolateral PCG ICSS rates. The higher rates were not accounted for by either current intensity used or motor artifacts. Moreover, both sites displayed reliable ICSS behavior characterized by regular low-variability rates and no seizure activity, seen with other brainstem ICSS sites, but unlike diencephalic and telencephalic ICSS behavior which is characterized by irregular bursts of responding which are highly variable and sometimes accompanied by seizures. The differential ICSS responsivity between PCG structures suggests that they may be mediated by different a...
An alternative polyadenylation mechanism coopted to the Arabidopsis RPP7 gene through intronic retrotransposon domestication.

Transposable elements (TEs) can drive evolution by creating genetic and epigenetic variation. Although examples of adaptive TE insertions are accumulating, proof that epigenetic information carried by such “domesticated” TEs has been coopted to control host gene function is still limited. We show that COPIA-R7, a TE inserted into the Arabidopsis thaliana disease resistance gene RPP7 recruited the histone mark H3K9me2 to this locus. H3K9me2 levels at COPIA-R7 affect the choice between two alternative RPP7 polyadenylation sites in the pre-mRNA and, thereby, influence the critical balance between RPP7-coding and non–RPP7-coding transcript isoforms. Function of RPP7 is fully dependent on high levels of H3K9me2 at COPIA-R7. We present a direct in vivo demonstration for cooption of a TE-associated histone mark to the epigenetic control of pre-mRNA processing and establish a unique mechanism for regulation of plant immune surveillance gene expression. Our results functionally link a histone mark to alternative polyadenylation and the balance between distinct transcript isoforms from a single gene.
Interactions of vector solitons.

In this paper, we study the interaction of two widely separated vector solitons in the nonintegrable coupled nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equations. Using a modification of Karpman-Solov'ev perturbation method, we derive dynamical equations for the evolution of both solitons' internal parameters. We show that these dynamical equations allow fixed points that correspond to stationary two-vector-soliton bound states if these solitons have the same phase in one component (same sign) and pi-phase difference in the other component (opposite sign). However, linear stability analysis indicates that these bound states are always unstable due to a phase-related unstable eigenvalue. We also investigate vector-soliton interactions and show that, in contrast to soliton interactions in the single NLS equation, vector solitons repel or attract each other depending not only on their relative phases but also on their initial position separation. Lastly, interaction of an arbitrary number of vector solitons is also studied in brief. All our analytical results are supported by direct numerical simulations.
Circuit breaker development

This paper tells of (1) conditions which govern the design of a breaker of a given interrupting capacity, (2) the standardization that has been accomplished in rating breakers, and (3) trends in the design of breakers constructed to meet operating requirements.
Comprehensive Review on Main Technology of Exoskeletal Robot System for Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Major function of exoskeletal robot system for upper limbs rehabilitation is to assist patient to carry out upper limbs’ rehabilitation training. Main technology of exoskeletal robot system for upper limbs rehabilitation includes design of mechanical structure of exoskeletal robot, design of control system of exoskeletal robot and implemention of data and information transmission between exoskeletal robot and upper limbs of human body. Reviewing and analyzing the specific technical development and deficiency in field of exoskeletal robot system for upper limbs rehabilitation will be important way in improving and upgrading the technology in future. Current development trend of main technology is to advance degree of comfort, accuracy and effect in rehabilitation training. Further development trend of main technology henceforth is people-oriented, strengthening effect, improving efficiency, optimizing structure and reducing energy consumption that follow science-technology ethical claims.
Selection of internalization‐deficient cells by interleukin‐2‐Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric protein: the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin‐2 receptor β chain does not contribute to internalization of interleukin‐2

To study the structural basis of ligand-induced receptor-mediated internalization of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a strategy has been developed to generate variant T cells that are deficient in internalization of this cytokine. IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) alpha- and beta-bearing EL4 cells, that express high-affinity IL-2R and internalize IL-2, were treated with low doses of IL-2-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric protein (IL-2-PE40). This treatment resulted in isolation of a variant (CX1) that was unable to express high-affinity IL-2R or internalize IL-2. Transfection of CX1 with the IL-2R beta cDNA led to surface expression of IL-2R beta and high-affinity IL-2R as well as the ability to internalize IL-2. This finding indicates that the absence of the beta subunit was the sole defect in CX1 responsible for its failure to internalize IL-2. By transfecting CX1 with mutated beta cDNA, several CX1 transfectants were produced that expressed a beta-subunit that lacked all amino acids of the intracytoplasmic region. These transfectants expressed high-affinity IL-2R and internalized IL-2 at a rate comparable to cells expressing wild-type beta-chain. These results demonstrate that internalization of IL-2 is independent of any signals contained in the intracytoplasmic tail of the beta subunit and raise the possibility that such signals may be entirely contained within the gamma subunit.
Tandem zinc-finger gene families in mammals: insights and unanswered questions.

Evidence for the remarkable conservation of mammalian genomes, in both content and organization of resident genes, is rapidly emerging from comparative mapping studies. The frequent occurrence of familial gene clustering, presumably reflecting a history of tandem in situ duplications starting from a single ancestral gene, is also apparent from these analyses. Genes encoding Kruppel-type zinc-finger (ZNF) proteins, including those containing Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) motifs, are particularly prone to such clustered organization. Existing data suggest that genes in KRABZNF gene clusters have diverged in sequence and expression patterns, possibly yielding families of proteins with distinct, yet related, functions. Comparative mapping studies indicate that at least some of the genes within these clusters in mammals were elaborated prior to the divergence of mammalian orders and, subsequently, have been conserved. These data suggest a possible role for these tandem KRAB-ZNF gene families in mammalian evolu...
Neural factors in acute emetic, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects of T-2 toxin in cats

T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin, was injected iv or ip in the single lethal dose of 2 mg/kg. Vomiting was elicited in normal and decerebrate cats with an average onset time of 26.6 min. Chronic ablation of the area postrema significantly delayed the emetic latency to 304 min. Polygraph recording revealed a steady decline in mean arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure to an extreme shock level resulting in death after 5 to 15 hr. Heart rate varied unremarkably throughout the course of circulatory failure, and the cardiac beat persisted after respiratory arrest. No protection against the lethal response was afforded by midbrain decerebration, area postrema ablation, section of the carotid sinus and vagus nerves, and high spinal cord transection supported with artificial ventilation. Effects of T-2 toxin on central and reflex control of breathing were evaluated through changes in VT/FACO2 and f/VT relationships generated by delivery of CO2 enriched gas for inhalation. Central CO2 responsiveness was well maintained under all tested neurological conditions up to the stage of terminal collapse with late decreases in delta VT/delta FACO2 gain and FACO2 setpoint. A toxin-induced progressive increase in resting frequency and an associated decrease in delta f/delta VT gain was found in unanesthetized decerebrate cats, though resting f did not change remarkably in the anesthetized brain-intact cats. In vagotomized brain-intact cats, the delta f/delta VT gain was sustained at zero. These findings indicate that T-2 toxin exercised minimal influence on the brain stem CO2-VT regulator but it caused an acceleration of the central respiratory oscillator after interruption of forebrain connections.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRICES ON GRADUATE STUDENT PERSISTENCE

The topic of how prices influence graduate student persistence has seldom been examined. Using the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study of 1987 to examine the influence of prices on within-year persistence by graduate students, this analysis indicates that graduate students, especially those enrolled in public institutions, are responsive to tuition charges in their persistence decisions. The major implication of this finding is that universities should examine the potential impact of price changes on graduate student persistence when they consider tuition increases each year.
Comparison of the Preputial Glands in the Alexandrine, The Wild, and the Domestic Norway Rat.

Summary1. The domestic Norway rat, the animal commonly used in laboratories throughout the world, has much smaller preputial glands than does its wild ancestor.2. The preputial glands are definitel...
Rags to Riches: Our Increasing Appreciation of Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of the Human Right Cerebral Hemisphere

Abstract Studies of right hemisphere abilities have grown from focusing on visuospatial and facial recognition in the 1950s to covering a broad spectrum of human behavior. The emergence of better understanding of auditory specializations, affective/emotional functions, personal relevance, idiosyncratic lexical organization, and the various aspects of language use—communicative pragmatics—is briefly reviewed.
Diagnosing and Predicting Surface Temperature in Mountainous Terrain

Abstract The first two harmonics of a Fourier series temperature expansion were used to model the diurnal variation of surface temperature in mountainous terrain of southern California The temperature T at any hour t was expressed in the formwhere As is the aspect contribution to temperature and is a function of insolation, and Bt, is the bias condition function and depends on the time of day, synoptic weather class and elevation. The Fourier coefficients A0, a1, b1, a2 and b2 are all calculated independently of each other, making it possible to determine the coefficients by regression analysis. Stepwise screening regression was used to derive the Fourier coefficients by means of the “perfect prog” technique. The 17 potential predictors were valid at six times—0, 12 and 24 h in advance from both 0000 and 1200 GMT. The temperature predictions can be updated every 12 h with the input of observed surface and 850 mb data and the Limited-area Fine Mesh (LFM) model output 12 and 24 h predictions. The model then...
Phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study of everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel for recurrent/refractory nonsmall cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Everolimus is a novel inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which is aberrantly activated in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors conducted a phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study of everolimus and docetaxel for recurrent NSCLC. METHODS: Patients with advanced stage NSCLC and progression after prior platinum-based chemotherapy were eligible. Sequential cohorts were treated with escalating doses of docetaxel (Day 1) and everolimus (orally daily, Days 1-19) every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic sampling of everolimus and docetaxel was done in Cycle 1. The primary endpoint was determination of the recommended phase 2 doses of the combination. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were enrolled (median age, 62 years; women, 11; number of prior regimens, 1 [n = 13], 2 [n = 6], ≥3 [n = 5]; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, 0 [n = 6], 1 [n = 17]). The dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were fever with grade 3/4 neutropenia, grade 3 fatigue, and grade 3 mucositis. None of the 7 patients treated at the recommended phase 2 dose (docetaxel 60 mg/m2 and everolimus 5 mg daily) experienced DLT. Everolimus area under the concentration time curve (AUC) was not different with 60 or 75 mg/m2 docetaxel. Mean ± standard deviation AUC-based accumulation factors for everolimus on Days 8 and 15 were 1.16 ± 0.37 and 1.42 ± 0.42, respectively. Docetaxel Day 1 half-life was 9.4 ± 3.4 hours. Among 21 patients evaluable, 1 had a partial response, and 10 had disease stabilization. CONCLUSIONS: The recommended phase 2 doses of docetaxel and everolimus for combination therapy are 60 mg/m2 and 5 mg orally daily, respectively. Promising anticancer activity has been noted. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Model experiments concerning morphology development during the initial stages of polymer blending

In order to investigate the mechanisms of morphology development in polymerpolymer blending, a model experiment is developed which allows the matrix to be dissolved away so that the dispersed phase may be observed directly using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dispersed phase for the model experiments is an amorphous nylon. The matrix phase is a polystyrene. These model experiments dramatically reveal the primary modes of particle deformation and the nature of the morphologies at short mixing times. The initial mechanism of morphology development involves the dragging of a large particle of the dispersed phase along a hot surface such as the mixer walls. This dragging action results in the formation of sheets or ribbons of the dispersed phase. These sheets or ribbons become unstable due to the effects of shear and interfacial tension. Holes develop in the ribbons which grow in size and concentration until a fragile lace structure is formed. This lace structure breaks into irregularly shaped particles which are then broken up into nearly spherical particles.
Application of Radar to Detect Pedestrian Workers Near Mining Equipment

Between 1990 and 1996, 133 accidents occurred and 23 mine workers were killed when haulage trucks used in surface mines collided with another smaller vehicle, a mine structure, or a pedestrian worker. These accidents were caused by a lack of visibility from the cab of the truck. Similar accidents are common with other types of equipment, such as front-end loaders and shovels. There are several methods for improving the operator's awareness of objects or people around the equipment including improved mirror designs, video cameras, and sensor technologies. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are evaluating collision warning systems that are based on radar technology. These systems are mounted on the mining equipment to monitor one or more of the blind areas. An alarm is provided to the operator if an object or person enters the radar's detection area. Tests consisted of mounting the systems on a 50-ton-capacity truck typically used in quarries and a 240-ton-capac...
Influence of salinization on growth, mineral composition, nitrate compensation point and nitrate uptake by two plum clones grown in solution culture.

Summary Osmotic potentials (Ψπ) of aerated nutrient solutions were reduced to −2 atm with NaCl to evaluate comparative effects on the growth of two plum clones. Growth of Myrobolan 3-J (Prunus cerasifera) but not Marianna 2624 (P. cerasifera EHRH . X P. munsoniana Wight and Hedr .?) was reduced significantly and may be related to the observed accumulation of Na in Myro 3-J leaves. Nitrate uptake was reduced to a much greater extent by NaCl than mannitol at iso-osmotic concentrations (−4.4 and −6.4 atm) indicating specific ion effects rather than osmotic effects per se Salinization with NaCl increased the nitrate compensation point (NCP) of both clones.
Visualizing charge movement near organic heterojunctions with ultrafast time resolution via an induced Stark shift

We introduce a method to monitor photoinduced charge separation processes in organic donor-acceptor heterostructures. This approach utilizes a transient Stark shift of the exciton band of a molecular J-aggregate, deposited as a thin probe layer adjacent to the organic heterojunction. The high temporal dynamic range of this approach, from 100 femtoseconds to nanoseconds and longer, enables the entire charge separation process to be followed in both space and time. More broadly, this method can be applied to characterize photoinduced charge injection and separation processes in different materials and architectures, where sub-picosecond time resolution is needed at high spatial resolution.
Purification and properties of the cellular prion protein from Syrian hamster brain

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is encoded by a chromosomal gene, and its scrapie isoform (PrPSc) features in all aspects of the prion diseases. Prior to the studies reported here, purification of PrPC has only been accomplished using immunoaffinity chromatography yielding small amounts of protein. Brain homogenates contain two PrPC forms designated PrPC-I and -II. These proteins were purified from a microsomal fraction by detergent extraction and separated by immobilized Cu2+ ion affinity chromatography. PrPC-II appears to be generated from PrPC-I by limited proteolysis of the N-terminus. Fractions enriched for PrPC-I were purified further by cation-exchange chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Greater than 90% of the final product migrated as a broad band of M(r) 33-35 kDa as judged by silver staining after SDS-PAGE. Digestion of PrPC-I with peptide-N-glycosidase (PNGase) compressed the band and shifted its mobility giving an M(r) of 27 kDa. The protocol described should be amenable to large-scale preparation of PrPC, enabling physical comparisons of PrPC and PrPSc.
Anesthesia for major general surgery in neonates with complex cardiac defects.

Summary Centers with large cardiac workloads may be presented with neonates who need major general surgery before correction or palliation of a serious cardiac defect. This is still a rare situation with only three short case reports available in the medical literature (1–3). We have reviewed the anesthetic and analgesic regimens of 18 such neonates who presented to the Birmingham Children’s Hospital in the 4-year period 2004–2007. These children require meticulous preoperative evaluation and although it might be anticipated that they would pose a serious challenge to anesthetists, in reality with thorough investigation, preparation, and careful management, they tolerate general anesthesia well. These children may be transferred to centers of specialist pediatric cardiac anesthesia to be benefited from experience obtained there.
Global transformations of nonlinear systems

Recent results have established necessary and sufficient conditions for a nonlinear system of the form \dot{x}(t) = f(x(t))-u(t)g(x(t)) . with f(0) = 0 , to be locally equivalent in a neighborhood of the origin in Rnto a controllable linear system. We combine these results with several versions of the global inverse function theorem to prove sufficient conditions for the transformation of a nonlinear system to a linear system. In doing so we introduce a technique for constructing a transformation under the assumptions that {g\ldot[f\dotg],...,(ad^{n-1}f\ldotg)} span an n -dimensional space and that {g\ldot[f\ldot g],...,(ad^{n-2}f\ldotg)} is an involutive set.
Rapid chemosensitivity assay with human normal and tumor cells in vitro

Neutral red assay, as an index of cytotoxicity, has been applied to predictive screening of chemotherapeutic agents. Human hepatoma and melanoma tumor cells and normal melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts were incubated for 2, 24, and 48 h with graded concentrations of cis-platinum (0.1 to 80 μM), doxorubicin (0.01 to 100 μM), and 5-fluorouracil (1 to 1000 μM). Cells were most sensitive after 48 h. Tumor cells, based on 50% toxicity values, were 2–4 times more sensitive than the normal cells, except for cis-platinum, where only melanoma cells, as compared to normal melanocytes, showed a marked difference in cytotoxic response. Methotrexate (1 to 10 μM) toxicity could be reversed in the presence of 100 μM of leucovorin. This sensitive, rapid, and economical assay is suitable for preclinical screening and drug development.
Modules and rings in the Cayley algebra

Abstract We derive all integral Z-modules and rings (in the Cayley algebra) which contain a module with the norm-form y02 + … + y72. The norm-forms of these modules comprise eight classes of quadratic forms each of which is uniquely characterized by the values of certain of its ordinal invariants.
Effects of moderate feed restriction on energy expenditure by 2-year-old crossbred Boer goats

Fourteen Boer (75%) × Spanish wether goats (51 ± 1.8 kg BW and 23 months of age) were used to determine effects of a moderate degree of nutrient restriction on heat production or energy expenditure (EE). The experiment consisted of a 26-day period (P1) followed by one of 50 days (P2). Wethers were fasted on the final 4 days of each period, with gas exchange measured on the last 2 days. Fasting was preceded by collection of feces and urine for 7 days, with the final 2 days for gas exchange. All wethers were fed a 65% concentrate diet at a level of intake near maintenance in P1 (P1-100 and P1-80 treatments). In P2, six wethers continued on this level of intake (P2-100 treatment); eight wethers also were fed at this level for 15 days but then had ME intake sequentially reduced by approximately 10 and 20% for 10 and 21 days, respectively (P2-80 treatment). This schedule was chosen because of a similar one used in a separate experiment to compare different goat genotypes and diet nutritive values. Intake of ME was lowest (P < 0.05) for P2-80 (529, 535, 552, and 474 kJ/kg BW 0.75 (fasted) for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively). Fed EE was lowest (P < 0.05) for P2-80 (495, 505, 467, and 406 kJ/kg BW 0.75 ), whereas EE while fasting was similar among treatments (287, 279, 273, and 253 kJ/kg BW 0.75 for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively). The ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) was greater (P < 0.05) in P1 than P2 (477, 487, 421, and 376 kJ/kg BW 0.75 for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively), and when P2 data were analyzed separately MEm was lower (P < 0.10; 374 kJ/kg BW 0.75 versus 425 kJ/kg BW 0.75 ) and the efficiency of ME use for maintenance was greater (P < 0.08) for P2-80 than for P2-100 (0.689 versus 0.625). In conclusion, moderate feed intake restriction impacted EE and MEm by mature meat goats largely via decreasing EE that is responsive to nutrient intake rather than EE of basal metabolism when fasting.
Efficient algorithms for computing the nearest polynomial with constrained roots

The location of polynomial roots is sensitive to perturbations of the coefficients. Continuous changes of the coefficients of a polynomial move the roots continuously. We consider the problem of finding the minimal perturbations to the coefficients to move one or several roots to given loci. We measure minimality in the Euclidean distance to the coefficient vector, as well as the maximal coefficient-wise change in absolute value (infinity norm), and in the Manhattan norm ($l\sp1$-norm). In the Euclidean norm the computational task reduces to a least squares problem, in the infinity norm and the $l\sp1$-norm it can be formulated as a linear program. We can derive symbolic solutions in closed form for the Euclidean norm in the case of complex coefficients and a single complex root. Our new result is a formula for the minimum change in the infinity norm for the case of real coefficients and a single real root. Based on the principle of parametric minimization we develop hybrid symbolic-numeric algorithms to constrain one root of a complex or real polynomial to a curve in the complex plane. As an application to robust control, we give a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the radius of stability in the Euclidean norm for a variety of stability domains.
Delivery of Mobile Clinic Services to Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers: A Review of Practice Models for Community-Academic Partnerships

Farmworkers in the US are a medically underserved group, who are largely uninsured, foreign-born, and working in a hazardous industry. This review addresses the challenges of providing health services for this priority population to study the numerous health access barriers that face migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFW), evaluates the services provided at mobile clinics, summarizes practice models for community-academic partnerships, and synthesizes the literature on effective partnership approaches to deliver these services. Because MSFW are a difficult group to reach and access, mobile farmworker clinics provide an opportunity for unique student training experiences, in addition to small survey and feasibility studies. A literature search was conducted to identify articles for the review. Out of 196 articles identified by the article databases and manual search techniques, 18 articles were finally selected for the review based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Half of the articles were classified as case studies or descriptive studies with lessons learned. Only three articles were classified as research studies, and six articles were not classified as research studies, but rather descriptions of the clinics only. Many of the partnership models were structured with the lead agency as either the academic partner or an Area Health Education Center. The academic partner was usually a nursing school, and less frequently a medical school. Other service partners frequently mentioned were federally-qualified Community Health Centers, Migrant Health Centers, and health departments. The review found that service partnerships were characterized by collaboration between academic institutions and community organizations, with a lead agency driving sustainability efforts.
ETHNOGRAPHY IS, ETHNOGRAPHY AIN’T

Using a notion of “the digital” as one of its master metaphors, a version of the term reliant on Kara Keeling's discussion of “digital humanism,” this piece argues that there is something about the nonlinearities defining digitality's difference that might help us to think about recalibrations in the ethnographic project itself. From a discussion of Marlon Riggs's filmic depiction of his own death (as one way to talk about the nondigital) to a machine that uses digital technology to play with temporality in broadcast television, this article wants to ask what the changing social relations (and existential realities) predicated on the ubiquity of digital media might mean for ethnographic research and writing today. With the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem as central ethnographic subjects, I argue that taking digitality seriously means redefining some of what ethnography is and ain't in a post–Writing Culture moment.
Rural Dislocated Women in Career Transition: The Importance of Supports and Strategies

Job loss researchers have focused on the physical and mental well being of White working and middle class men, their families, friends, and coworkers to with immediate reemployment as the outcome. This study focused on low-income rural women dislocated workers and their decision to enroll in community college for retraining or seek immediate reemployment. Participants were 125 women (86 white, 39 African American; x = 42 years) who held a high school diploma or GED and who were laid off from manufacturing jobs within the last 2 years. Differences between two groups of women based on demographic variables and Transition Guide and Questionnaire-Modified (TGQ-M) scores were examined. The TGQ-M was developed to assess an individual's ability to cope with life transitions, based on Schlossberg's (1995) model of 4Ss (situation, self, supports, and strategies). One group enrolled in community college for retraining while the other group sought immediate reemployment. Findings revealed significant relationships b...
The thermodynamics of lanthanide aminopolycarboxylate complexation

Abstract The complexation by aminopolycarboxylate ligands has been a major area of interest in lanthanide chemistry for almost five decades. The number of donor sites and the variety of structures available in these ligands has provided opportunities to study a number of parameters in lanthanide complexation. It can be shown that the entropy changes are related to the number of carboxylate donors while the enthalpy changes depend on both carboxylate and nitrogen donors. The Δ H -Δ S compensation indicates the importance of hydration effects on these terms, in contrast to the Δ G of formation which reflects, predominantly, the cation-ligand interactions. Variation of the length of the alkyl chains has shown that 5-membered rings are strongly favored and that the O-Ln-N rings are more sensitive to size than those of N-Ln-N.
Robot control using neural networks with adaptive learning steps

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are highly parallel, adaptive and fault tolerant dynamical systems modeled like their biological counterparts. Given a set of input-output patterns, ANNs can learn to classify these patterns by optimizing the weights connecting the nodes of the networks. The backpropagation (BP) algorithm using the gradient search technique has been a popular method for training artificial neural networks. However, the BP method, in which each step size is fixed at an arbitrary value, frequently experiences cycling and often falls in a local minimum instead of finding the desired global minimum of the error function. In this paper, an ANN utilizing an adaptive step size algorithm based on random search techniques is proposed to solve the inverse kinematic problem in robotics. This procedure assures monotonic convergence by adjusting the step size on each step based on the net gradient and the direction of the steepest descent. The results of the computer simulation for the improved adaptive method show a much better convergence rate and robustness than the BP method. This improvement can minimize the burden of real time processing load for robot control by reducing the costly derivation and computationally intense programming of the inverse kinematic algorithm.
Effects of a school mental health project: A one-year follow-up☆

Abstract Matched samples of children who had (Terminators) or had not (Nonterminators) successfully participated in a school-based project for the early detection and treatment of school maladaption were compared on teacher ratings of adjustment with a control sample having no prior program contact. Terminators were found to have significantly more positive school adjustment ratings than Nonterminators and Controls, both five and 12 months after their final program contact. These data support the conclusion that the program has positive consequences for children in the primary grades which generalize to new classroom settings and remain stable over time. The absence of adjustment differences between Nonterminators and Controls suggests the importance of developing alternative approaches for those not benefiting from the program.
Resolution 'scaling law' in MRI of articular cartilage.

A recent editorial review in this journal [1] discussed whether MRI was fulfilling its promise for molecular imaging of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA) and related joint diseases. Many issues in the implementation of three MRI techniques (T2, T1rho, and dGEMRIC) were discussed in both clinical and high resolution environments. Although the theoretical bases of these MRI techniques are reasonably comprehensible, quantitative correlations between the values of these MRI parameters and the healthy states of the cartilage tissue have not yet been proved to be reliable and consistent in clinical trials of OA. The authors [1] concluded accurately that “the factors associated with cartilage degeneration may have differential and competing effects” on the values of these parameters. In this short note, we would like to participate in this discussion by exploring the influence of an additional factor, the image resolution, in MRI of cartilage, based on our limited experience in microscopic imaging of cartilage using T2 relaxation and in quantitative correlation among several microscopic imaging techniques.
Submilligram determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

The procedure described byFrazer4,6 for the simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen has been scaled down to the submilligram level with no serious loss of accuracy. Approximately six complete determinations can be made in an eight-hour day. Whereas the accuracy depends to a large extent upon the analyst's technique, the method presented is comparatively straightforward. Analysts with no previous microanalytical training have been able to obtain results equivalent to the accuracy shown in Table I after two weeks of experience with the procedure.
School delinquency and school commitment

This article examines the influence of personal background characteristics, family involvement, and ability grouping on school commitment, which, in turn, affects the extent of students' participation in school crime, school misconduct, and school nonattendance. Observational and survey data from a sample of 754 middle school students in Grades 7 and 8 support the hypothesis that decreasing levels of school commitment are linked to increasing rates of school crime, school misconduct, and school nonattendance. Personal background, family involvement, and ability grouping help to explain the level of school commitment. Higher school commitment is associated with being female, White, in the eighth grade, and in high-ability mathematics classes. Youths with more educated mothers and youths whose parents are highly involved in their schooling are also more educationally committed. School commitment mediates much of the effects of personal background, family involvement, and ability grouping on the school delinquency measures. These findings can serve as a basis for early school-based delinquency prevention efforts.
Variable Tick Protein in Two Genomic Groups of the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia hermsii in Western North America

Borrelia hermsii is the primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in North America. When its tick vector, Ornithodoros hermsi, acquires these spirochetes from the blood of an infected mammal, the bacteria switch their outer surface from one of many bloodstream variable major proteins (Vmps) to a unique protein, Vtp (Vsp33). Vtp may be critical for successful tick transmission of B. hermsii; however, the gene encoding this protein has been described previously in only one isolate. Here we identified and sequenced the vtp gene in 31 isolates of B. hermsii collected over 40 years from localities throughout much of its known geographic distribution. Seven major Vtp types were found. Little or no sequence variation existed within types, but between them significant variation was observed, similar to the pattern of diversity described for the outer surface protein C (OspC) gene in Lyme disease spirochetes. The pattern of sequence relatedness among the Vtp types was incongruent in two branches compared to two genomic groups identified among the isolates by multilocus sequence typing of the 16S rRNA, flaB, gyrB, and glpQ genes. Therefore, both horizontal transfer and recombination within and between the two genomic groups were responsible for some of the variation observed in the vtp gene. O. hermsi ticks were capable of transmitting spirochetes in the newly identified genomic group. Therefore, given the longevity of the tick vector and persistent infection of spirochetes in ticks, these arthropods rather than mammals may be the likely host where the exchange of spirochetal DNA occurs.
Disordered Sleep and Noncompliance in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease

Sleep disorders are relatively common in patients with end-stage renal disease, but the diagnosis may be difficult to establish because of the similarity of uremic symptoms to those of the sleep apnea syndrome. After excluding anatomic and metabolic disorders associated with excessive sleepiness and disordered breathing in sleep and after ensuring that the patient is receiving adequate dialysis, the sleep disorder should be diagnosed using polysomnography. Continuous positive pressure airway breathing is an effective treatment for hemodialysis patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, but the use of this machinery requires patient compliance, as does the delivery of an adequate amount of dialysis. The difficulties adjusting to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis can be multiplied by the coexistence of a sleep disorder that requires some ventilatory assistance at night; the case presented in this article characterizes precisely that circumstance.
RETHINKING THE IMAGE OF GOD

Abstract The present ecological crisis imposes a rethinking of the relation between the human being and the rest of nature. Traditional theological articulations of this relation have proven problematic where they foster separatism and anthropocentrism, which give a false report on the relation and have a negative impact on thinking and acting in relation to nature. One place to begin rethinking is through an exploration of the affirmation that the human being is “made in the image of God,”imago dei. Some ways of construing the theological meaning of this designation are more helpful than others. Science has recognized the extent to which the human being is not only dependent upon but even emergent from nature. We are made of the same “stuff” that makes up the rest of the universe. We are nature. The place of the human being is much more modest, recent, and precarious than usually acknowledged in theological reflection. New ways of interpreting our role within nature must evolve out of this new understanding. Philip Hefner has proposed that we think of the human being as created co-creator. His is a distinctive and promising contribution. This essay responds with both affirmations and friendly questions.
Trichloro(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium

[34767-44-7] C5H5Cl3Zr (MW 262.67) InChI = 1S/C5H5.3ClH.Zr/c1-2-4-5-3-1;;;;/h1-5H;3*1H;/q;;;;+3/p-3 InChIKey = SULDCQJIUCVYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-K (catalyst for alkene polymerization2-4) Physical Data: mp 237–238 °C (dec). Solubility: insol most noncoordinating solvents; however, it becomes sol in benzene or chloroform in the presence of two equiv of donor agents such as ether, THF, triethylamine, or pyridine. Form Supplied in: cream solid; readily available as a powder or as the 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct, CpZrCl3·DME.4 Preparative Methods: photoinduced chlorination of Dichlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium.1 Purification: can be purified by vacuum sublimation. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: solid material is moisture sensitive.
Adaptive buffer threshold updating for an ATM switch

Efficient and fair use of buffer space in ATM switches is essential to gain high throughput and low cell-loss performance from the network. A shared buffer architecture associated with threshold based virtual partition among output ports is proposed. Thresholds are updated based on traffic characteristics on each outgoing link, so as to adapt to traffic loads. System behavior under varying traffic patterns is investigated via simulation. Cell loss rate is the quality of service (QoS) measure that is used in this paper. The study shows that the threshold based adaptive buffer allocation scheme ensures fair share of the buffer space even under bursty loading conditions.
Selected studies of the menopause.

Literature on the subject of the menopause, primarily from the past three decades, is selectively reviewed in the form of an annotated bibliography. In order to highlight particular methodological problems, the review is presented in three sections, each preceded by a brief discussion, as follows: (a) the general report of clinical observation or experience, (b) the survey, and (c) the clinical trial. Several recommendations are also made for further research in this field.
A history of STV, inc. and the 1964 California vote against pay television

An ambitious wired pay‐per‐view television service which began operation in California was halted, at least formally, by a voter referendum which outlawed pay television in the state. Although the courts declared the issue unconstitutional, STV, Inc. was unable to recover financially from the burden of starting a new enterprise and fighting the election battle.
Out of utopia : The paradox of postindustrialization

An important segment of writings on postindustrialization is distinctly utopian in stressing the greater mastery and control made possible by recent innovations in information technology. The utopian theme underscores the technical outcomes of innovations and highlights their benefits for ameliorating social problems. By contrast, this work suggests that many of the social problems in contemporary society are a consequence of recent innovations in information technology. The authors argue that postindustrial theorists are correct in stressing mastery over certain technical problems but incorrect in slighting the destabilizing effect innovations have on organizations and the markets in which these organizations participate. These destabilizing effects complicate organizational strategies by increasing market risk and uncertainty. Since most organizations are risk aversive, social problems are created as organizations externalize their costs and pass along risk to other, more dependent actors. Illustrations from two institutions, politics and the economy, indicate that many postindustrial innovations are associated with heightened competition as well as greater risk and uncertainty across the institutional order. They conclude that postindustrial technology introduces no net gain in managing the complexities of the social world. Risk and control are both integral to technological innovation and constitute the paradox of postindustrialization.
In-Store Valuation of Steak Tenderness

Experimental methods were used to examine consumer willingness-to-pay for steak tenderness in a grocery store setting. When relying on a taste test alone to determine product quality, the participants paid an average premium of $1.23/lb for a tender versus tough steak. Fifty-one percent of the participants were willing to pay an average of $1.84/lb when they had completed a taste test and were also provided information about the steak’s tenderness. Results indicate that most consumers prefer more tender steaks and that many are willing to pay a premium for tender steaks.
Loss of caveolin-1 and adiponectin induces severe inflammatory lung injury following LPS challenge through excessive oxidative/nitrative stress

Excessive reactive oxygen/nitrogen species have been associated with the onset, progression, and outcome of sepsis, both in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the signaling pathways regulat...