cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Subspace Semi-Definite programming-based Underestimation (SSDU) method for stochastic global optimization in protein docking

We propose a new stochastic global optimization method targeting protein docking problems. The method is based on finding a general convex polynomial underestimator to the binding energy function in a permissive subspace that possesses a funnel-like structure. We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine such permissive subspaces. The problem of finding the general convex polynomial underestimator is reduced into the problem of ensuring that a certain polynomial is a Sum-of-Squares (SOS), which can be done via semi-definite programming. The underestimator is then used to bias sampling of the energy function in order to recover a deep minimum.We show that the proposed method significantly improves the quality of docked conformations compared to existing methods.
High Performance Matrix Multiplication on General Purpose Graphics Processing Units

In recent years, there has been significant interest from both academia and industry in applying commodity graphics processing units (GPUs) toward general computing problems. The nVidia CUDA programming model provides a straightforward means of describing inherently parallel computations. In this paper, we present our GPU-based matrix multiplication with high performance on General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPUs). We implemented our algorithm using nVidia CUDA API and compared its performance with an optimized CPU-implementation on a high-end AMD Opteron Dual Core CPU. Our experimental results show that a significant performance improvement over CPU-based algorithm and the maximum observed speedups are about 100 times.
Properties of granular packings under low amplitude cyclic loading

Abstract The initial tangent and the secant moduli for granular materials under low amplitude cyclic loading is obtained from an analytical model considering particle interactions. The Hertz-Mindlin theory of contact of two elastic spheres are used to describe the contact displacement behavior under oscillating forces. The analytical model includes the effect of the void ratio, the coordination number, the constituent particle properties, and the structural anisotrophy. Results computed from the derived relations are compared with the experimental measurements for initial tangent and secant moduli.
Initial evolution of the impurity ionization interface in a semiconductor

Abstract We consider the initial evolution of the impurity ionization front in a semiconductor. Initially the impurity concentration is zero everywhere and subsequently the surface is kept at a constant value N 3 . Ionization is assumed to occur at a critical concentration N 0 N 3 . The diffusion equation (DE) predicts that the critical interface evolves as t 1 2 for all times. We use a model that is a low-level approximation to the Fokker-Planck equation in position-velocity space and find an initial evolution of t . At long times the model predicts a t 1 2 evolution, confirming our expectation that the DE is incorrect only in the initial layer because of its characteristic infinite signal speed.
Measuring social values in philanthropic foundations

Philanthropic foundations are seen as organizations that allocate resources to achieve their visions of a better world. Drawing on a sample of foundations in Canada, the United States, and Europe, this research undertakes to reveal the social values that constitute such visions and to measure the consistency between espoused social values and those conveyed by resource allocations. A social values identification and measurement instrument is described and tested. The social values that comprise the instrument are presented in a chart of social values. A methodology for measuring the consistency between social values espoused by a foundation and those actually conveyed by resource allocation decisions is described, tested, and critiqued. It is argued that the results of this research provide a basis on which to pursue development of a standardized vocabulary of social values that may enhance understanding and discourse regarding the purposes and work of foundations, as well as provide a basis for cross-cultural comparative analyses of foundations.
Can business and government help enhance the quality of life of workers and consumers

Most of us use the term “quality of life” so loosely that it can mean almost anything-unpolluted air, the serenity of the mountains, the depth of an aesthetic experience, the arts, the preservation of the land, among many others. Of course, politicians are notorious for using the term as a “catch-all” phrase. Scientists are more precise with its definition, and in the basic and applied sciences the quality of life (QOL) is a subject of serious study. Many conceptual models, theories, and measures have been developed to show what the QOL is for an individual, a group, a community, or society, and the key factors that affect QOL. Social psychologists, for example, often define QOL as subjective well-being, happiness, life satisfaction, or simply contentment with one’s life accomplishments (Diener, 1984). In other words, the happier people are, the higher their QOL. Happiness and life satisfaction, thus, are positive feelings that endure, or the kind of feelings that stay with a person over timenot a fleeting moment of satisfaction or happiness. Thus, the challenge becomes how to enhance people’s lives in a manner to ensure long-term happiness (cfi Sirgy et al., 1982). In the basic and applied social/behavioral sciences, the QOL concept has also been conceptualized very differently by basic and applied social/behavioral scientists. One popular conceptualization of QOL is the classic Andrews and Withey (1974, 1976) life satisfaction model. Based on Andrew and Withey’s model, overall life satisfaction is theorized to be mostly determined by satisfaction decisions made in a number of life domains. A life domain is essentially the psychological space that harbors beliefs and expectations about the individual and the world related to a given social role (or set of interrelated roles). Examples of life domains include work, family, leisure, health, education, religion, shopping, etc. An individual experiences a certain amount of satisfaction within each life domain, the aggregate of which reflects overall life satisfaction. From a QOL perspective, the role of the marketing and management disciplines
Defining the volume-quality debate: is it the surgeon, the center, or the training?

The quality movement in health care is ubiquitous in our society. The volume–quality debate is a central component of this that affects surgeons. In colorectal surgery and other fields, studies have demonstrated improved outcomes for patients having care provided at higher volume centers. What is unclear about this relationship however, is whether this improvement is related to the center, the surgeon, or the surgeon's training and experience. Some studies have tried to better examine this relationship and have suggested that limitations in administrative data may exaggerate the impact of a high-volume center. The use of crude mortality as the primary outcome instead of more specific outcomes such as cancer recurrence, inadequate risk data, and the failure to account for clustering of cases are other important limitations. Although higher volume likely equates to higher quality in some form, this may be more related to surgeon-specific factors rather than high-volume centers alone. The role of subspecialization, especially colorectal-trained surgeons with a high individual case volume may be the most important predictor of higher quality in colorectal surgery. This relationship may be especially important for the treatment of rectal cancer. The relationship of volume to outcomes is difficult to understand, and to appropriately answer these questions will require the collection and analysis of comprehensive, risk-adjusted data after adequate outcome measures are defined. This will only occur with significant institutional support, and a commitment to follow outcomes longitudinally and implement necessary changes to improve outcomes.
Synthesis and characterization of binder-free Cr3C2 coatings on nickel-based alloys for molten fluoride salt corrosion resistance

Abstract Under various conditions, chromium carbides appear to be relatively stable in the presence of molten fluoride salts and this suggests that their use in corrosion resistant coatings for fluoride salt environments could be beneficial. One method for producing these coatings is the carburization of sprayed Cr coatings using methane-containing gaseous precursors. This process has been investigated for the synthesis of binder-free chromium carbide coatings on nickel-based alloy substrates for molten fluoride salt corrosion resistance. The effects of the carburization process on coating microstructure have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Both plasma-sprayed and cold-sprayed Cr coatings have been successfully converted to Cr3C2, with the mechanism of conversion being strongly influenced by the initial porosity in the as-deposited coatings.
Importance, elicitation order, and expectancy × value☆

Considerable confuszon surrounds the role of Importance m multzattrzbute attztude models The present study tests a theoretical proposztzon as to how attrzbute tmportance IS mamfested m the expectancy-value formulatzon Though not unequrvocal, the results suggest that order of ehcltatlon may be more vahd than structured ratmgs as an mdlcant of attribute importance A large body of multlattnbute studies exists m the consumer behavior hterature [ 18,291 Most of these claim expectancy-value attitude models [5, 231 as their theoretical ongm However, a failure to apply the theoretical vmable correspondence rules has also produced a set of conceptually different formulations [3, 191, now known as “adequacyImportance” models [ 121 Bnefly, this adequacy-importance approach uses various well-documented procedures [20, 211 to generate importance scores that are used to weight attnbute-specific brand-satisfaction ratings By contrast, expectancy-value theonsts use salient outcomes whose assoclatlons with a brand or product purchase are weighted by each attnbute evaluation As will be shown below, each model produces different mformatlon relevant to marketing decisions Hence, a combmatlon of both approaches might be more useful than either consldered separately Unfortunately, however, efforts to integrate the expectancy-value and adequacy-importance models have been clouded by opposing conceptual Interpretations For example, Cohen et al [4] examined two studies [ 1, 281 whose authors had asserted that importance did not add to the predlctlve performance of expectancy-value models They charged that importance was a vanable never intended for use m the theones that were purportedly tested, and they reJected such tests on the grounds that importance had inadvertently been substituted for either expectancy or evaluation Conversely, Hansen [ 1 I] interpreted this situation to mean
Analog signal processing using cellular neural networks

The cellular neural network (CNN) is an example of very-large-scale analog processing or collective analog computation. The CNN architecture combines some features of fully connected analog neural networks with the nearest-neighbor interactions found in cellular automata. These networks have numerous advantages both for simulation and for VLSI implementation and can perform (though are not limited to) several important image processing functions. The important features which enable the CNN architecture to perform signal processing functions using standard VLSI technology are discussed. Circuit characteristics are outlined, and examples of cellular neural network signal processing are presented. Connected segment extraction is illustrated by examples, as is histogramming using a two-layer CNN. >
BRAFV600E cooperates with PI3K signaling, independent of AKT, to regulate melanoma cell proliferation.

Mutationally activated BRAF V600E cooperates with PTEN silencing in the conversion of normal melanocytes to metastatic melanoma cells, but the mechanism underlying this cooperation is poorly understood. Here, the consequences of pharmacologic blockade of BRAF V600E or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling were explored using pathway-targeted inhibitors and a panel of human BRAF -mutated melanoma-derived cell lines. Blockade of BRAF V600E → MEK1/2 → ERK1/2 or class I PI3K inhibited melanoma proliferation, whereas inhibition of AKT had only modest effects, even in cells with mutated or amplified AKT. Although single-agent inhibition of either BRAF V600E or PI3K signaling elicited antiproliferative effects, combinatorial inhibition was more potent. Analysis of signaling downstream of BRAF V600E or PI3K revealed that these pathways cooperated to regulate protein synthesis through AKT-independent, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent effects on p70 S6K , ribosomal protein S6, and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Moreover, inhibition of mTORC1/2 inhibited cell proliferation as profoundly as single-agent inhibition of either BRAF V600E or PI3K signaling. These data reveal a mechanism by which BRAF V600E and PI3K signaling cooperate to regulate melanoma proliferation through AKT-independent effects on protein translation. Furthermore, this study provides a potential foundation for pathway-targeted combination therapy designed to enhance the therapeutic benefit to patients with melanoma that contain combined alterations in BRAF and PI3K signaling. Implications: PI3K, but not AKT, represent potential targets for melanoma therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 12(3); 447–63. ©2014 AACR .
Rapid prototyping of electronic systems

Describes a system for the rapid prototyping, testing and debugging of DSP designs. The DSP algorithm is first coded in a high level algorithmic language. This description is translated by the synthesis software into a structural specification suitable for HDI fabrication. The synthesis process includes the insertion of test capabilities into the hardware to allow for debugging the design. The rapid turnaround of HDI fabrication means that the user can have a prototype HDI module (DSP accelerator) in his hands ready for testing within at most a day or two, and at moderate cost. The DSP accelerator is then placed in a socket on a specially designed board (called the mother-board), connected to a Sun or other workstation, where it may be thoroughly tested and debugged. The debugging capabilities include structural verification, debugging and in-system test. Structural verification is testing the DSP accelerator to see that it is connected together correctly and that all the parts are working. Debugging involves sending test vectors through the chip, stepping, observing internal node values and limited reconfigurability with the purpose of debugging the algorithm. In-system test is done by connecting the DSP accelerator via a cable into the target system. This allows the system to be run at full speed (up to 20 MHz) with the DSP accelerator in place, but still retaining full observability of internal nodes. >
Nodes and Queries : Linking Locations in Networked Fields of Inquiry

This article, based on a collaborative research project on genetic knowledge production, examines the relations between on- and off-line field sites related to three heritable diseases: epidermolysis bullosa, chondrodysplasia, and Marfan syndrome. Field sites include the Web sites, listservs, and chat rooms run by lay health advocacy groups and biomedical professionals as well laboratories, clinics, and support groups meetings. The analysis uses the notion of location work, and the concept of the node that links different elements in a network, in describing a relational approach to multisited ethnography. The article presents three case studies that examine shifting locations between online and face-to-face relations, hyperlinks as a metaphor for interactive knowledge production, and the process of negotiating a networked ethics.
3D imaging techniques for improved colonoscopy

Colonoscopy screening with a conventional 2D colonoscope is known to reduce mortality due to colorectal cancer by half. Unfortunately, the protective value of this procedure is limited by missed lesions. To improve the sensitivity of colonoscopy to precancerous lesions, 3D imaging techniques could be used to highlight their characteristic morphology. While 3D imaging has proved beneficial for laparoscopic procedures, more research is needed to assess how it will improve applications of flexible endoscopy. In this editorial, we discuss the possible uses of 3D technologies in colonoscopy and factors that have hindered the translation of 3D imaging to flexible endoscopy. Emerging 3D imaging technologies for flexible endoscopy have the potential to improve sensitivity, lesion resection, training and automated lesion detection. To maximize the likelihood of clinical adoption, these technologies should require minimal hardware modification while maintaining the robustness and quality of regular 2D imaging.
The Representation of Diversity in Marketing Principles Texts: An Exploratory Analysis

Abstract Through content analysis, this study investigated the characteristics of portrayals of organizations and individuals in principles of marketing textbook cases. Results show that the textbook portrayal of the U.S. workplace in many respects does not match the characteristics of the actual workplace. We advocate incorporation of gender, ethnic, and racial diversity in cases in future textbook editions.
Structural studies of electrospun nylon 6 fibers from solution and melt

Abstract Nylon 6 (N6) fibers have been fabricated via two different electrospinning schemes, from solution of N6 and formic acid at room temperature as well as from N6 melt at elevated temperature. The crystal structures of electrospun N6 fibers from solution and melt, and the annealing effect on the structures were studied by using various techniques. Combined analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at various heating rates, temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates that N6 fibers from melt predominantly exhibit the meta-stable γ-crystalline forms and low molecular orientation, while solution electrospun fibers from slowly evaporating solvent show both α- and γ-form crystals and higher degree of molecular orientation. At high annealing temperature, the meta-stable γ-crystals in melt electrospun fibers easily transform into thermodynamically stable α-form crystals, while crystals in solution electrospun fibers exhibit higher thermal stability. Nonisothermal modeling and in-situ measurements of jet temperature indicate that rapid quenching due to enhanced heat transfer by electrohydrodynamically driven air flow near the jet is responsible for the less stable γ-crystals and lower degree of molecular orientation in melt electrospun fibers.
Agriculture and the Upper Plata: The Tobacco Trade, 1780–1865

The disintegration of the tobacco trade in the Upper Plata of the 1800s provides a striking example of economic progress hindered by political conflict—a common occurrence in Latin American history. The exportation of tobacco from this interior region created a focus for a coherent and relatively successful commercial infrastructure during the late colonial era. The post-independence regimes could not, however, create the stability necessary for the growth and maintenance of the tobacco trade. In this article, Dr. Whigham analyzes the balance between economic interests and political constraints in the Upper Plata between 1780 and 1865, and demonstrates how these factors interacted to disrupt the potential for a sizable commerce in tobacco.
Motion texture: a new motion based video representation

Motion is an important cue for video content perception. However, the lacking of effective motion representation becomes a barrier for automatic video content analysis. In this paper, we propose a new motion descriptor to capture motion pattern from video clip. First, we transform motion vector field to a number of directional slices of energy. Then, these slices are measured by a set of moments. As a result, a multi-dimensional vector, called motion texture, is formed The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed representation had been validated by motion-based shot retrieval experiments.
Outage and Diversity Analysis of Opportunistic Beamforming over Rayleigh Channels

In a multiuser system, the multiuser diversity gain capitalizes primarily on the dynamic range of channel fluctuations. When the channel varies slowly, opportunistic beamforming using multiple antennas at the transmitter can be used to generate artificial temporal fading resulting in amplified multiuser diversity gain [1]. When there exists a sufficient number of users in the system, opportunistic beamforming has been shown to achieve similar throughput as true beamforming but with much more limited feedback [2]. In particular, it has been shown that the required number of users to achieve near true beamforming throughput on the number of transmit antennas is exponential when each user is equipped with single antenna [2]. In this paper, a framework is presented to analyze the outage probability, diversity order and array gain of opportunistic beamforming over Rayleigh fading channels. First, we obtain an exact closed-form expression for the outage probability. Then, using some approximations, we show that the number of users must be at least the same as the number of transmit antennas in order to achieve full diversity. We quantify the array gain for the full diversity case and establish the dependence of the array gain on the number of users. Finally, we verify our analysis with numerical results.
Judgment and the Justice: An Ethnographic Reading of the Sotomayor Confirmation Hearings

Justice Sonia Sotomayor was President Obama’s first nominee to the United States Supreme Court. She was confirmed by the Senate after three days of hearings in July, 2009 – and three months of partisan contention focused in part over her so-called “wise Latina” speech years earlier. My interest in the hearings is two-fold: first, in the question of how Sotomayor’s opponents tied the question of her particular judicial qualifications to her self-identity; and second, in the related question of how they worked minority identity more generally into a question of legitimacy. I focus on Republican opposition in the hearings, since Democrats – assured by their numerical majority in Congress at that time – engaged the nominee primarily in reaction to Republican challenges. My thesis is that the Republican performance was keyed to an oppositional discourse in which both the form and content of language were politicized in ideological terms – terms that ascribe a particular significance to race as a form of aliena...
A Semidefinite Programming Based Polyhedral Cut and Price Approach for the Maxcut Problem

We investigate solution of the maximum cut problem using a polyhedral cut and price approach. The dual of the well-known SDP relaxation of maxcut is formulated as a semi-infinite linear programming problem, which is solved within an interior point cutting plane algorithm in a dual setting; this constitutes the pricing (column generation) phase of the algorithm. Cutting planes based on the polyhedral theory of the maxcut problem are then added to the primal problem in order to improve the SDP relaxation; this is the cutting phase of the algorithm. We provide computational results, and compare these results with a standard SDP cutting plane scheme.
Tracking of cell populations to understand their spatio-temporal behavior in response to physical stimuli

We have developed methods for segmentation and tracking of cells in time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy images. Our multi-object Bayesian algorithm detects and tracks large numbers of cells in presence of clutter and identifies cell division. To solve the data association problem, the assignment of current measurements to cell tracks, we tested various cost functions with both an optimal and a fast, suboptimal assignment algorithm. We also propose metrics to quantify cell migration properties, such as motility and directional persistence, and compared our findings of cell migration with the standard random walk model. We measured how cell populations respond to the physical stimuli presented in the environment, for example, the stiffness property of the substrate. Our analysis of hundreds of spatio-temporal cell trajectories revealed significant differences in the behavioral response of fibroblast cells to changes in hydrogel conditions.
33MHz repetition rate semiconductor mode-locked laser using eXtreme Chirped Pulse Oscillator

An XCPO generates stretched pulses > 10 ns at a 33 MHz repetition rate from semiconductor mode-locked laser. The spectral bandwidth is scalable depending on the group delay of CFBG and the pulse repetition rate.
Bounds on Dirac neutrino masses from nucleosynthesis.

We derive new bounds on the Dirac mass of the tau and muonic neutrinos. By solving the kinetic equation for the rate of energy deposition due to helicity-flipping processes and imposing the constraint that the number of effective species contributing to the energy density at the time of nucleosynthesis be \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{k}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$0.3, we find the bounds ${\mathit{m}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}$150 keV and ${\mathit{m}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}$190 keV for ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}$=200 MeV. The constraint \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{k}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$0.1 leads to the much stronger bound ${\mathit{m}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$10 keV for both species of neutrinos.
Greenland sea ice/ocean margin

One of the fundamental obstacles to understanding both weather and long term climate variability of polar and subpolar regions lies in knowing what controls the position and behavior of the boundary between open and ice-covered ocean, the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Over the seasonal cycle, variation in sea ice coverage of the world ocean is about 25 million km2 , roughly 7% of the total area; thus a significant portion of the ocean is at some time during the year part of the MIZ. From the point of view of air-sea interaction, the MIZ is a very complex system: an interface between ocean and atmosphere with potentially extreme horizontal and vertical temperature gradients and large variations in mechanical properties. The ‘joker-in-the-deck’ is, of course, sea ice—it modifies momentum transfer from the atmosphere; drastically alters surface albedo; serves as an efficient thermal insulator; damps surface wave motion; and, because it is relatively fresher than sea water, may substantially change both temperature and salinity structure in the upper ocean by melting or freezing. Sea ice is highly mobile in response to surface wind, capable of traveling tens of kilometers per day. It thus represents a negative source of both salt and heat that can be advected long distances across water—mass boundaries by atmospheric systems. It is estimated (e.g., Hibler, 1979) that fresh water exported from the Arctic Basin through Fram Strait as sea ice (about 105 m3 s −1) is roughly comparable to the total continental runoff entering the basin. In this sense, the MIZ of the North Atlantic, despite its limited area, is the terminus of a vast territorial watershed.
Forced Collision: Detecting Wormhole Attacks with Physical Layer Network Coding*

Previous research on security of network coding focused on the protection of data dissemination procedures and the detection of malicious activities such as pollution attacks. The capabilities of network coding to detect other attacks have not been fully explored. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism based on physical layer network coding to detect wormhole attacks. When two signal sequences collide at the receiver, the starting point of the collision is determined by the distances between the receiver and the senders. Therefore, by comparing the starting points of the collisions at two receivers, we can estimate the distance between them and detect fake neighbor connections via wormholes. While the basic idea is clear, we have proposed several schemes at both physical and network layers to transform the idea into a practical approach. Simulations using BPSK modulation at the physical layer show that the wireless nodes can effectively detect fake neighbor connections without the adoption of special hardware or time synchronization.
Nonlinear estimation of DEGG signals with applications to speech pitch detection

Speech pitch detection remains a fundamental problem due to its importance in numerous aspects of speech processing. Current pitch detectors focus on determining the glottal closure instant (GCI). Accurate GCI measures can be obtained from the differentiated electroglottograph (DEGG) signal. Unfortunately, DEGG signals are not available in most practical applications. A novel method of pitch detection is proposed in this paper, which is based on the nonlinear estimation of DEGG signals from the acoustic speech waveform. This method requires the DEGG signals only during optimization. In operation, the proposed pitch detector marks glottal closures based strictly on the acoustic speech waveform. In addition to the algorithm development, performance comparison results are presented.
Design target exploration for meeting time-to-market using pareto analysis

Early design phase space exploration, power validation and performance estimation will enable faster design convergence and shorter time-to-market. System level models based on physical design parameters, in-situ macro models and background SPICE simulation improves overall model accuracy. This paper describes a pareto analysis methodology for design target generation to meet time-to-market constraint; illustrating design choice generation algorithm and a test circuit SPICE validation. Power and performance centric design solutions (targets) that are not obvious to the designers are explored. Pareto analysis yielded power centric design target that improved both system power consumption and performance by 19.6% and 6.3% respectively. Performance centric design target improved system level performance and power by 11.7% and 1.63% respectively.
Long-term Follow-up and Late Complications Following Treatment of Pediatric Urologic Disorders

Many pediatric urologic disorders have sequelae that may affect patients well into adulthood. Despite adequate treatment, many patients are at risk for progressive urologic deterioration years after surgical reconstruction. While many pediatric urologists follow their patients years after surgery, screening for late complications is a shared responsibility with primary care providers. This article discusses potential late complications and appropriate follow-up for patients who have a history of ureteral reimplantation, pyeloplasty, hypospadias repair, posterior urethral valve ablation, and intestinal interposition.
Analytical model for residual stresses in polymeric containers during cryogenic storage of hematopoietic stem cells.

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy can significantly lower instances of infection in chemotherapy patients by accelerating the recovery of white blood cells in the body. However, therapy requires that HSCs be stored at cryogenic temperatures to retain the cells’ ability to proliferate. Currently, cells are stored in polymeric blood bags that are subject to fracture at the extremely low storage temperatures, which leads to cell contamination, thereby reducing their effectiveness. Therefore, we have developed an analytical model to predict the accumulation of stresses that ultimately lead to crack initiation and bag fracture during cryogenic storage. Our model gives explicit relationships between stress state in the container and thermoelastic properties of the container material, container geometry, and environmental factors that include temperature of the system and pressure induced by excess gas evolving from the stored medium. Predictions based on the model are consistent with experimental observations of bag failures that occurred during cryogenic storage applications. Finally, the model can provide guidance in material selection and bag design to fabricate bags that will be less susceptible to fracture.
Eliminating harmonics in a multilevel converter using resultant theory

A method is given to determine conditions for which the switching angles in a multilevel converter can be chosen to produce the required fundamental voltage while at the same time cancel out higher order harmonics. A complete analysis is given for a 7- level converter where it is shown that for a range of the modulation index m/sub I/, the switching angles can be chosen to produce the desired fundamental V/sub 1/=m/sub I/(s4V/sub dc///spl pi/) while making the 5/sup th/ and 7/sup th/ harmonics identically zero.
Localization of serotonin immunoreactivity in the opossum cerebellum

We have used the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique to analyze the course of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) fibers to the deep cerebellar nuclei; the distribution of serotonin within the nuclei; the continued course of 5HT fibers to the cerebellar cortex; and the lobular and laminar distribution of this indoleamine in the cerebellar cortex. Only rarely are fibers found in either the restiform body or the brachium pontis. However, a distinct bundle of serotoninergic axons is present in the medial aspect of the brachium conjunctivum. Axons arise from this bundle and course dorsally into the neuropil of the deep cerebellar nuclei. The densest immunostaining is present in posterior and ventral regions of all four cerebellar nuclei. Within the nuclei large (24% of total) and small (76% of total) varicosities are present. The average distance between varicosities on individual axons is 3.85 micron (S.D. = 1.2). The innervation of the cerebellar cortex is derived primarily from fibers that course through the deep nuclei. At levels caudal to the deep nuclei a single midsagittal band courses into lobules VIII and IX. In the cerebellar cortex, serotoninergic axons and varicosities are present in all lobules; however, the fiber density is not uniform. The densest distribution is present in vermal lobule VIII and the dorsal folia of lobule IX. Within the granule cell layer of lobules VIII and IX, immunoreactive elements form a midsagittal band, and to a lesser degree, two parasagittal bands. Beaded serotoninergic fibers course through the deep and middle portion of the granule cell layer and give rise to a plexus at the border between the Purkinje cell and granule cell layers. Within this plexus axons extend long distances in the transverse and sagittal planes. Long beaded axons oriented in the transverse plane of the folia are also present in the deep molecular layer. A few radial serotoninergic fibers ascend to the pial surface and give rise to very short tangential branches. In all three cortical layers, both large (19% of total) and small (81% of total) varicosities are present. The average distance between varicosities on individual fibers is 5.3 micron (S.D. = 2.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Evaluating the sources of water to wells

For decision support, the insights and predictive power of numerical process models can be hampered by insufficient expertise and computational resources required to evaluate system response to new stresses. An alternative is to emulate the process model with a statistical "metamodel." Built on a dataset of collocated numerical model input and output, a groundwater flow model was emulated using a Bayesian Network, an Artificial neural network, and a Gradient Boosted Regression Tree. The response of interest was surface water depletion expressed as the source of water-to-wells. The results have application for managing allocation of groundwater. Each technique was tuned using cross validation and further evaluated using a held-out dataset. A numerical MODFLOW-USG model of the Lake Michigan Basin, USA, was used for the evaluation. The performance and interpretability of each technique was compared pointing to advantages of each technique. The metamodel can extend to unmodeled areas. Display Omitted Metamodeling can be used for decision support emulating groundwater models.Artificial neural networks, gradient boosting, and Bayesian networks each have advantages.Spatial relations among wells and streams are key drivers for source of water to groundwater wells.
An Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis to Subcutaneous but Not IV Insulin in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID), Type I DM (T1D), and Autoimmune Enteropathy (AIE)

S A T U R D A Y Julie J. Kim-Chang, MD, Patricia L. Lugar, MDMS; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. RATIONALE: CVID patients have a higher incidence of autoimmunity and immune dysregulation. Herewe present a patient with CVID, T1D, and AIE who developed cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (CLV) to subcutaneous insulin. METHODS:Weperformed a biopsy of the skin lesion.We also performed intradermal skin challenge with two different volumes of saline control (0.03 mL, 0.06 mL) and three different basal insulin formulations: glargine, isophane, and detemir. RESULTS: A 23 year old female with a history of CVID, T1D and AIE presented with a 2-week history of localized skin reactions to subcutaneous insulin (both basal glargine and short-acting insulin lispro) but not to subcutaneous immunoglobulin. She was admitted in DKA and tolerated continuous insulin (IV) drip, but continued to react to subcutaneous insulin. Skin reaction started as a fixed pruritic red macule which progressed to a purpuric, indurated lesion that ulcerated over the ensuing 24 hours with insulin injection. The severity of reactions varied by insulin preparation and dose. Lesional skin biopsy demonstrated leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Intradermal skin challenge with various insulin formulations reproduced a purpuric vasculitic lesion with expectant changes as previously experienced. She failed to tolerate injectable insulin after high dose methylprednisolone. Patient was restarted on her immunomodulatory therapy with 6-MP which she was on maintenance dosing for AIE. Patient demonstrated tolerance to shortand long acting subcutaneous insulin injection after 2-weeks of 6-MP and colchicine. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this is the first reported case of CLV to insulin in a patient with CVID and autoimmunity which appeared after self-discontinuation of maintenance 6-MP.
Role of inotuzumab ozogamicin in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Inotuzumab ozogamicin is a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody bound to a toxic natural calicheamicin, which is under investigation for the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CD22 is commonly expressed in 90–100% of malignant mature B-lymphocyte lineage. The first Phase II study with inotuzumab ozogamicin conducted by Kantarjian et al. gave the opportunity for heavily pretreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to go for allogeneic stem cell transplant. Inotuzumab is well-tolerated with the exception of veno-occlusive disease. Overall inotuzumab ozogamicin is potentially an encouraging and promising therapy for patients.
Sonographic Diagnosis of an Acute Lateral Meniscus Tear in a Division I Collegiate American Football Player

Preoperative diagnosis of meniscal tears in the United States is typically determined from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, MRI diagnosis of meniscal pathology is not a point-of-injury imaging modality. This results in potential treatment delays. Ultrasonography provides a method for highly reliable, immediate, and point-of-injury diagnosis of meniscal pathology. We present a case of an acute tear of the lateral meniscus in a collegiate athlete that was diagnosed in the training room immediately after injury using ultrasonography. The diagnosis was subsequently verified by MRI and arthroscopy. The patient was treated with partial meniscectomy and experienced an uneventful recovery with return to sport 3 weeks after injury. This case report supports the potential capabilities of ultrasonography as an effective and efficient point-of-injury diagnostic tool for athletes with suspected meniscal pathology.
Metis: Using Wile and Wisdom to Inform Administrative Discretion

When seeking to accomplish public ends in a prudent manner, administrators are occasionally put in precarious situations that require a degree of metis. Metis is a distinct form of knowledge characterized by a mixture of wile and wisdom and is valuable because it can offer viable alternatives for solving complex problems in contingent situations. Individualized problems often require administrators to forego routinized recommendations and pursue a path to prudence through shrewd thinking and action. However, if metis is not properly contained, it runs the risk of sinking under the weight of unscrupulous motivation and of negatively affecting the legitimacy of administrative action. What is important is that a crafty ethos is bound within a proper sphere. This is why a bounded metis informed by a modified version of intermediate scrutiny may provide a meaningful guide that legitimizes the ability of administrators to handle ambiguous situations in a prudent manner.
Identification in Encrypted Wireless Networks Using Supervised Learning

In recent years, not only has the number of wireless devices significantly increased, but also their level of integration into daily life. Devices ranging from laptops and cell phones to cameras and TVs are now connected to networks. As the ability to secure these devices advances, public and private organizations are adopting and establishing both public and private wireless networks. Wireless networks ease this integration, but not without cost. The nature of this medium presents challenges. This work aims to demonstrate and codify a mechanism by which we can increase our ability to verify and validate the identity of the device through encrypted data observation. This paper focuses on device identification. Multiple supervised learning techniques were vetted and a reference implementation was constructed and executed using real traffic. Incremental learning methods were identified as the classification mechanism of choice for streaming data.
Infection by human immunodeficiency virus--CD4 is not enough.

The interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its cellular target once seemed fairly simple: the virus attached to the CD4 molecule on the cell surface, entered the cell, and began its replicative cycle.1 However, in the past few years, research has turned up surprising evidence that the virus can bind to cells by means of receptors other than CD4. These alternative receptors include galactosylceramide on brain and bowel cells and, when the virus has formed a complex with antibody, Fc receptors. Binding through Fc receptors can actually enhance viral infection.1 Recent studies of the early events in HIV . . .
Analysis on Influencing Factors of HIV Test Among Male Homosexuality Under Structural Equation Model

Objective To investigate influencing factors of HIV test among men who have sex with men(MSM)under structural equation model.Methods 829 of MSM were recruited at a homosexual website and complete electronic questionnaire through Internet.The data were analyzed,fittled and evaluated by structural equation model.Results Promoting factors of HIV test were social status,number of sex partner,AIDS risk assessment,safe and danger sex behavior.The standard effect indexes were 0.326,0.180,0.112,0.041 and 0.014 respectively.The knowledge on AIDS transmitting and non-transmitting way hindered the probability of HIV test with the standard effect index of-0.012,-0.016 and some factors affected HIV test through AIDS risk assessment.The goodness of fit for the structural equation model was satisfactory.GFI,AGFI,RMSEA was 0.954,0.943 and 0.035.Conclusion Assessing the risk level of sex behavior of MSM played a key role in promoting them to take HIV test.The factors of social status,AIDS perception and sex behavior affected HIV test through assessing the risk level of sex behavior.So it is important to direct MSM to assess risk level of their sex behavior for promoting HIV test.
STUDY ON THE INTERMISSIVE ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE IN DYESTUFF WASTEWATER BY ACTIVATED CARBON

The adsorption capacity of methylene blue in wastewater by activated carbon was measured,thus having systematically studied the Property about the intermissive adsorption of methylene blue.The thermodynamic parameters such as △G0、△H0 and △S0 have been calculated.The results show that the property of adsorption depends on adsorption time、pH and temperature.The adsorption of activated carbon for Methylene Blue fits well with the pseudo-second-rate equation and Langmuir isotherm model.The higher pH of dyestuff wastewater is,the better treatment effect can be obtained.Meanwhile,the adsorption of activated carbon for Methylene is a spontaneously and endothermically physical process,temperature increases being beneficial to adsorption.
Energy conservation for GPU–CPU architectures with dynamic workload division and frequency scaling ☆

Abstract In recent years, GPU–CPU heterogeneous architectures have been increasingly adopted in high performance computing, because of their capabilities of providing high computational throughput. However, the energy consumption is a major concern due to the large scale of such kind of systems. There are a few existing efforts that try to lower the energy consumption of GPU–CPU architectures, but they address either GPU or CPU in an isolated manner and thus cannot achieve maximized energy savings. In this paper, we propose GreenGPU, a holistic energy management framework for GPU–CPU heterogeneous architectures. Our solution features a two-tier design. In the first tier, GreenGPU dynamically splits and distributes workloads to GPU and CPU based on the workload characteristics, such that both sides can finish approximately at the same time. We comparatively discuss four dynamic workload allocation algorithms: a Simple Heuristic with fixed step size, an Improved Heuristic with adaptive step size, and two binary search-style algorithms. As a result, the energy wasted on idling and waiting for the slower side to finish is minimized. In the second tier, GreenGPU dynamically throttles the frequencies of GPU cores and memory in a coordinated manner, based on their utilizations, for maximized energy savings with only marginal performance degradation. Likewise, the frequency and voltage of the CPU are scaled similarly. We implement GreenGPU using the CUDA framework on two real hardware testbeds. Experiment results show that GreenGPU achieves 21.04% average energy savings and outperforms several well-designed baselines.