cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infrastructure assessment: fuzzy regression with neural networks

In modeling a problem where the information is dependent on subjective estimations the fuzzy structure of the problem must be included. One approach in formulating the fuzzy structure is fuzzy regression with neural network analysis. The procedure is to use a neural network model that provides both upper and lower bounds to the data. These bounds define an interval model from which a fuzzy model can be developed. Such an approach has been demonstrated on the problem of quality evaluation of injection mouldings. We propose that fuzzy regression with neural networks would prove most beneficial for the implementations of bridge and pavement management systems. The neural network analysis is more computational intense with six input variables. The development of a fuzzy regression model from the upper and lower bounds neural network models becomes more complex. >
Arithmetic progressions of cycles in outer-planar graphs

A question of Erdos asks if every graph with minimum degree 3 must contain a pair of cycles whose lengths differ by 1 or 2. Some recent work of Haggkvist and Scott (see Arithmetic progressions of cycles in graphs, preprint), whilst proving this, also shows that minimum degree 500k2 guarantees the existence of cycles whose lengths are m , m+2, m+4,..., m+2k for some m--an arithmetic progression of cycles. In like vein, we prove that an outer-planar graph of order n, with bounded internal face size, and outer face a cycle, must contain a sequence of cycles whose lengths form an arithmetic progression of length exp((c log n)1/3 - log logn). Using this we give an answer for outer-planar graphs to a question of Erdos concerning the number of different sets which can be achieved as cycle spectra.
THE INTERMITTENT SOLAR CYCLE

Abstract A prominent feature of the solar cycle is the rise and fall of the number of sunspots on the surface with a timescale of approximately eleven years. The mathematical description of this behavior is complicated by the interruption of the cycle for 75 years starting around 1650. Similar previous intermissions of this kind are implied by the available data. We explore the possibility of modeling such temporal variations of the sunspot number with a deterministic dynamical system of relatively low order. The system we propose manifests on/off intermittency in which the cyclic variations of the solar activity switch off almost completely for extended periods. We also offer an explanation of the variation of the fluctuating part of the sunspot number over the cycle.
Impact of Contextual Information on Automation Brittleness

Brittleness, the inability to provide accurate assistance in all situations, is frequently an issue with complex automation and automatic decision aids. This paper examines a method of mitigating the impact of brittleness on overall system function. Using the task of planning an emergency descent for a commercial aircraft, this study found that the presence of contextual information in the presentation of an automatically generated emergency descent procedure might aid in mitigating the effects of automation brittleness. By providing pilots with rationale as to the design of the descent procedure, the pilots were better able to correctly determine why a provided procedure was or was not feasible.
Nonlinear Parameteric Health Monitoring for Vibrating Structures Under Non-Stationary Excitation

Nonlinear system identification has been used to predict and monitor cracks as they form, propagate, and eventually cause the catastrophic failure of a vibrating cantilevered beam. The Continuous Time based system identification technique allows for estimation of model parameters based on collected stimulus and response data. For this study the estimated cubic stiffness term in the model is mapped as a function of time. The purpose of this investigation is to strengthen results from a previous study [1] through repetition, and to expand the scope of this system identification technique. This study mainly explores the effectiveness of using nonstationary excitation in the identification process, with an understanding that in implementation on real systems the selection input amplitude and frequency may not be readily controlled. Additionally, the robustness of this method is demonstrated in direct comparison to a wellaccepted linear-based approach. The results show this method to be successful with little prior knowledge of the accurate model form or parametric values for the systems being studied.
Studying political representation: A comparative-gendered approach

How does a comparative politics of gender improve our understanding of political representation? I map the existing feminist literature on this topic, which asks questions like why there are so few women elected to political office, whether women in politics represent women as a group, and how the presence or absence of women in politics affects voter perceptions and opinions. I then consider how scholars—both feminist and non-feminist—might generate new insights on political representation by expanding what is thought of as a “case” and what is meant by the term “gender.” I recommend increasing the scope of comparison by (1) opening up the definition of a case to include a broader range of units and events and (2) connecting the study of a single unit to patterns generated by the study of other similar units. I suggest moving away from equating women with gender by exploring (1) relations between women and men and (2) the impact of masculinities and femininities on the conduct of political life. While developed in relation to research on representation, this approach offers broader advice for capturing the diverse and gendered nature of political dynamics observed around the world.
Transmission Electron Microscopy of II-VI/III-V Semiconductor Heteroepitaxial Interfaces

Interfaces of pseudomorphic (100)ZnSe/GaAs and (100)CdTe/InSb heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. High resolution electron microscope images show dark bands with thicknesses of one or two monolayers at the interfaces. The interfaces appear as bright lines in dark field images of the 200 type reflections, while they become dark lines in dark field images of the 400 type reflections. These observations are explained by assuming the existence of interfaces layers of III2VI3 compounds which have structural vacancies in the sublattices of the group III atoms.
Altitude Rating of Electric Apparatus

THE proper functioning of electric equipment is of prime importance in the operation of the military and naval airplane of today. The wide use of such equipment and the continual increase in the operating altitude of aircraft make it essential that the factors affecting the operation of electric apparatus at high altitudes be investigated if the apparatus is to be designed properly for this new and expanding application.
Optical mapping of electrical heterogeneities in the heart during global ischemia

Real-time optical registration of electrical activity in the heart allows the study of arrhythmogenic mechanisms, in particular due to global ischemia. It is known that global ischemia increases electrical heterogeneity in the heart. However, inter-ventricular differences between the right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) during ischemia and their relationship to arrhythmogenesis remains poorly understood. We used high resolution optical mapping (di-4-ANEPPS, excitation at 532nm, emission at 640±50 nm) of Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts to quantify inter-ventricular heterogeneity in the heart during periodic pacing and ventricular fibrillation. Two fast CCD cameras were used to record electrical activity from the RV and LV during control, global ischemia (20 min), and reperfusion. Hearts were paced at progressively reduced (from 300 ms to 100 ms) basic cycle lengths and ventricular fibrillation was induced by burst pacing and recorded before the global ischemia, and after the reperfusion. The action potential durations (APD), maximum slopes of APD restitution curves (S max ), and mean dominant frequency (DF) of ventricular fibrillation were measured for both LV and RV surfaces. No APD heterogeneity was observed in control hearts. Global ischemia induced inter-ventricular heterogeneity in APDs (RV: 109±21 ms, LV: 89±23 ms; p max was uniformly decreased in both RV (control: 0.94±0.25, ischemia: 0.36±0.12; p max did not recover, indicating the presence of residual changes in electrical properties of the heart. Therefore, reperfusion reveals the presence of inter-ventricular heterogeneities in the dynamics of ventricular fibrillation.
Low-weight left-to-right binary signed-digit representation of N integers

An algorithm for computing the binary signed-digit representation of N integers is introduced. The algorithm operates from left to right (i.e., from the most significant bit to the least significant bit) and the resulting representation has minimum joint weight. Such an algorithm is useful in elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC).
Decoupling interaction hardware design using libraries of reusable electronics

This paper presents our research toward the design and development of a library of electronic hardware modules called Blades and Tiles. Interaction hardware design with blades and tiles provides researchers with considerable flexibility in iterating their designs, decoupling between the domains of electronics, software, firmware and mechanical design. Our approach has been driven by design objectives including hardware reusability, reliability, scalability, and flexibility. We have created a library of blades and tiles, and used them to develop several interaction devices. We present both conceptual and applied aspects and discuss future directions.
Evaluation of the elderly patient with an abnormal gait

Distinguishing between the normal gait of the elderly and pathologic gaits is often difficult. Pathologic gaits with neurologic causes include frontal gait, spastic hemiparetic gait, parkinsonian gait, cerebellar ataxic gait, and sensory ataxic gait. Pathologic gaits with combined neurologic and musculoskeletal causes include myelopathic gait, stooped gait of lumbar spinal stenosis, and steppage gait. Pathologic gaits with musculoskeletal causes include antalgic gait, coxalgic gait, Trendelenburg gait, knee hyperextension gait, and other gaits caused by inadequate joint mobility. A working knowledge of the characteristics of these gaits and a systematic approach to observational gait examination can help identify the causes of abnormal gait. Patients with abnormal gait can benefit from the treatment of the primary cause of the disorder as well as by general fall-prevention interventions. Treatable causes of gait disturbance are found in a substantial proportion of patients and include normal-pressure hydrocephalus, vitamin B(12) deficiency, Parkinson's disease, alcoholism, medication toxicity, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, joint contractures, and painful disorders of the lower extremity.
Event-based Green scheduling of radiant systems in buildings

This paper looks at the problem of peak power demand reduction for intermittent operation of radiant systems in buildings. Uncoordinated operation of the circulation pumps of a multi-zone hydronic radiant system can cause temporally correlated electricity demand surges when multiple pumps are activated simultaneously. Under a demand-based electricity pricing policy, this uncoordinated behavior can result in high electricity costs and expensive system operation. We have previously presented Green Scheduling with the periodic scheduling approach for reducing the peak power demand of electric radiant heating systems while maintaining indoor thermal comfort. This paper develops an event-based state feedback scheduling strategy that, unlike periodic scheduling, directly takes into account the disturbances and is thus more suitable for building systems. The effectiveness of the new strategy is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB.
Tax Rules and the Mismanagement of Monetary Policy

This paper emphasizes the importance of the interaction between tax rules and the management of monetary policy. The monetary authorities' failure to recognize the implications of the tax structure has caused them to underestimate just how expansionary monetary policy has been. Moreover, because of our fiscal structure, attempts to encourage investment by an easy-money policy have actually had an adverse impact on investment in plant and equipment. The paper discusses the desirability of substituting a policy of tight-money and positive fiscal incentives for the traditional goals of easy money and fiscal restraint. More generally, the paper stresses the significance of the fiscal structure as a determinant of macroeconomic equilibrium.
Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation of 19 Ne

Transition rates from the ground to selected states in {sup 19}Ne have been measured by their gamma yield following intermediate-energy radioactive ion beam Coulomb excitation. These are compared to corresponding transitions in {sup 19}F and to shell model calculations. An upper limit on the cross section of the 4.033 MeV state places a limit on the transition rate and hence on total electromagnetic decay width {gamma}{sub {gamma}} of this state, which is of astrophysical interest. Combining the results with an upper limit on the lifetime of this state and shell model calculations gives an estimate of its width. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Four-dimensional CP/sup 2/ model on a lattice

We investigate the phenomenon of dynamical generation of gauge interactions from CP/sup N/-1 models in four dimensions. We do this for the CP/sup 2/ model on a lattice. The phase diagram of a model that interpolates between CP/sup 2/ and U(1) gauge theory on a lattice is first mapped out. The potential between static charges in various regions of this diagram is also measured. Contrary to hopes based on the large-N behavior of similar models in two dimensions and on our phase diagram, we find that the potentials generated by CP/sup 2/ do not bear any resemblance to those of U(1). They are rather similar to the Higgs phase of an Abelian gauge theory in both phases displayed by CP/sup 2/.
Institutional Industrial Trades and the Cross-Section of Returns

This paper investigates whether institutional trades over longer horizons push the prices of industries away from fundamental values and whether investors can profitably trade on forecasted institutional trades into or out of industries. I find a negative relation between institutional trades over longer horizons and industry returns and that investors can profitably trade on forecasted institutional trades into industries. A low-high strategy that trades on prior institutional trades into industries earns an annualized Fama and French alpha of 16.62%, while a strategy that trades on forecasted institutional trades into an industry earns an annualized Fama and French alpha of 23.87%. After additionally controlling for stock-level and industry level price momentum, these two strategies earn annualized five-factor alphas of 12.95% and 19.42%.
Spanning Information and Knowledge across Subgroups and Its Effects on Individual Performance

AbstractInformation and knowledge sharing is not distributed homogeneously within construction and engineering organizations. Instead, subgroups form and limit the flow of information and knowledge across these organizations. As a result, boundary spanners—individuals who span information and knowledge across different subgroups—become increasingly important to engineering organizations. Previous research has examined boundary spanners across designated boundaries, such as geographic boundaries. However, additional research is needed to analyze the subgroups that form naturally within organizations and the individuals who occupy boundary-spanning positions between these natural subgroups. To address this gap, our research analyzed responses to a questionnaire administered to the entire information technology (IT) department within a large, multinational engineering and construction organization. First, using a modularity optimization algorithm, subgroups that share more information and knowledge internall...
The Undergraduate Learning Community: A Bridge to Understanding Why.

This chapter considers the role an academic residential learning community can play in helping new undergraduates examine their motives for attending college.
Some Viewpoints on the Phylogeny of Rust Fungi. IV. Stem Rust Genealogy

Since the discovery and first description of the black stem rust, Puccinia graminis, by Persoon (1794, 1801), more attention has been devoted to this species than to any other rust on cultivated plants. This is due partly to the great losses caused by stem rust in all grain-growing countries, and partly to the persistent interest of uredinologists in the life history of the heteroecious rusts. Recent investigations of heterothallism, physiologic races and hybridization among stem rust strains have contributed much to our knowledge about the genetic constitution and mechanism of inheritance of rust fungi. This in turn has rendered valuable service to plant breeders in their search for rust-resistant crop varieties.
Does Pre-Operative Hip Location or Post-Operative Hip Abduction Angle Better Predict Perfusion Abnormalities on MRI after Closed Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip?

SPICA MRI with gadolinium is an established technique for postoperative determination of perfusion abnormalities of the capital femoral epiphysis after closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). When perfusion abnormalities are present, patients are at risk for developing epiphyseal osteonecrosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative impact of two variables related to postoperative perfusion abnormality on SPICA MRI in patients with DDH: pre-operative hip location versus the degree …
A theory-based epistemology of modality

This book articulates and defends a theory-based epistemology of modality (TEM). At TEM’s core is the idea that if we’re justified in believing the extraordinary modal claims to which philosophers often appeal—such as the claim that I could be disembodied, or that there could be a maximally perfect being—it’s because we’re justified in believing theories according to which those claims are true. This chapter articulates some of the assumptions that shape TEM, sketches the view, and then develops the basic argument for it, which is based on an analogy between a plausible modal epistemology for games and modal epistemology generally.
Migration: An engine for social change

The movement of people into societies that offer a better way of life is a more powerful driver of cultural evolution than conflict and conquest, say Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd.
A Regional Sustainable Development Model based on Zhou Yi Principle

Taiji-Bagua's theory is a very intensive and prof ound theory,and its application in the Regional Sustainable Development model is worth to discuss.The article of The research on District Sustainable Development model---based on the application of the Taiji Bagua theory,authored by LI Zi-ru,HE Bao-xiang,has inovatively attempted to apply such theory in this area.However,there are some points in the article are contradictary to this theory,because Mr.LI and MR.HE have blurred different levels of methodologies and differences in objects,directly using the Taiji-Bagua theory to modify a technical AHP methodology.Mr.LI and MR.HE have changed the positive attributes of wealth and benefits to negative,while altering the Yinyang balance from two to three poles.The author can not agree with all of these.The author explained the modeling principles and methodologies of a Bagua Sustainable Development Evaluation Model,builded a Main Regional Sustainable Development Model for China and described in detail the basic meaning of the initial,middle and late phase of the Regional Sustainable Development Model.
Phase II of Nixon’s new economic policy

In order to fight Inflation President Nixon has resorted to means of Interference which the US economy Is not accustomed to. The following article deals with the Intricacies arising from Phase II of his price- and wage-policy.
Influence of Order of Exercise Bouts upon Neuromuscular Tremor

Abstract The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effect of order of successive exercise bouts upon neuromuscular tremor measures. The procedures involved obtaining tremor measures when knee-bends were completed in a 5–10–15–20 order and a 20–10–15–5 order. It was concluded that: (1) the relationships between tremor measures were markedly different for the two exercise orders and, (2) since tremor measures were conditioned by the order of successive exercise bouts no statement relative to the relationships between tremor measures and the intensity of exercise could be made with any degree of confidence. Some problems of repeated-measurements designs were discussed.
The Knowledge of God in the New Testament

In this chapter I shall examine a number of claims to know God in the New Testament. My approach will be similar to that which I have just taken on the Old Testament, namely to ask whether there are in the New Testament claims to know God by inference, by acquaintance, by description, and to ask whether there is any relationship between knowledge and obedience in the New Testament that corresponds to that in the Old Testament.
Non-intrusive Occupant Localization Using Floor Vibrations in Dispersive Structure: Poster Abstract

We introduce a sensing system which leverages footstep-induced structural vibration for occupant localization. Such localization is important for many smart building applications, such as efficient building management, senior/health care, and security. Compared to other sensing approaches, footstep-induced vibration provides a sensing system which is sparse and non-intrusive. The main challenge of achieving high accuracy using such approach is frequency-dependent wave propagation characteristics, such as dispersion, in floor structure. These characteristics result in distortions in the shape of signal. To overcome such distortions, we decompose the vibration signals into different frequency components using wavelet transform and focus on specific components in all the sensors. In a set of experiments in a real structure, our approach results in average localization errors of 0.41 meters, a 4.4X reduction compared to a baseline approach using raw data.
Molecular Design of a Nanoparticle-Polymer Conjugated Drug Delivery System for PD-166793 in Cardiovascular Repair

Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) following myocardial infarction (MI) is linked to deleterious left ventricle remodeling and heart failure. Current research has focused on introducing a therapeutically relevant concentration of effective MMP inhibitor to the MI site to mitigate the harmful tissue remodeling. Theoretical molecular level studies provide an effective platform for designing novel delivery systems for MMP inhibition that can provide valuable insights for experimental researchers. This study focuses on developing a drug delivery pathway using PD-166793 that has shown great promise as a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor in recent years. In this system, PD-166793 is bound to poly methyl acrylic acid (PMAA) polymer and one end of the polymer is tethered to a spherical silica nanoparticle surface to carry the drug to the desired site. A molecular model using single chain mean field theory (SCMFT) is used to scan the wide range of possible design parameters. The molecular theory properly accounts for the highly non-additive coupling of molecular interactions among all the species. The size, shape, electrical properties and physical conformations of the polymer, drug and solvent are taken into account. The binding of PD-166793 with polymer is modeled by a ligand-receptor binding mechanism. The model is used to study the variation of this binding with changing pH, salt concentration, grafting density and length of the polymer. Experimental studies have shown that this system is capable of retaining PD-166793 at more than 100 times the inhibitory concentration against MMP-2 with a particle concentration of 2.5mg/mL. The model is used as a tool for continual improvements in binding of PD-166793 by providing valuable feedback on how the variations of system parameters affect the binding efficiency.
Stage 5 Retinopathy of Prematurity

Stage 5 represents the most advanced stage of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Children present with a total retinal detachment, limited or no vision, and oftentimes with leukocoria due to the visibility of fibrous proliferation immediately posterior to the lens. As a result, the disease was first described with the term “retrolental fibroplasia” [1]. Since that time, we have learned a great deal about this blinding condition. Here we will review the pathogenesis, management, and prevention of stage 5 ROP.
Central Venous Vascular Access

In children, central venous catheters are most often used for cardiovascular monitoring, emergency vascular access, intermittent blood removal for laboratory analysis, fluid and drug administration, plasmapheresis, hemodialysis, and long-term chemotherapy. This chapter provides an overview of choices in central venous access sites, describes central venous catheterization techniques, and delineates associated risks and complications. Decisions regarding the “best” site for central venous cannulation depend upon patient specific clinical variables, risk of complications, operator experience, future vascular access needs, and projected length of time the catheter will remain in place. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) published updated recommendations regarding the selection, insertion, maintenance, and discontinuation of central lines. This guideline deserves review by practitioners who insert and/or maintain central venous lines in children (see Table 29.1). The femoral vein is the most common site for central venous access in children. This site may have the lowest insertion risk profile and a high degree of operator experience across multiple specialties. In adult patients, IJ and subclavian vessels are preferred sites because the rates of infection and deep venous thrombosis may be less than that found with femoral venous catheterization, however in children these differences are less clear. In children, operator experience and need for minimal sedation when placing femoral catheters, are important drivers in site choice. The subclavian vein is the preferred route for long-term venous access in children because it is easily inserted via the tunneled approach, is well tolerated, and is associated with few complications. Standard landmark insertion techniques still apply however the role of ultrasound guided CVC placement is growing in popularity and is recommended by some regulatory groups. Inexperienced operators may benefit most from ultrasound guided insertion. Pediatric providers should use their judgment about when to apply this important adjunct for line placement.
Graduating Pediatric Resident Reports on Procedural Training and Preparation

Abstract Objective To determine pediatric resident training and preparation for 14 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-required procedures. Methods We included a national, random sample of 1000 graduating pediatric residents in 2015. For each of the ACGME-required procedures, residents were asked if they received training, successfully completed the procedure at least once, were comfortable performing the procedure unsupervised, and desired more training. To examine relationships among these 4 measures of training, we conducted logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curves. We used chi-square to examine whether desiring more training varied according to program size or career goal. Results Response rate was 55% (550 of 1000). More than half of the residents received training in each procedure (56.4%–99.3% across procedures) and had successfully completed them at least once (59.8%–99.6%). However, 91.3% desired more training in at least 1 procedure, and 30.0% would like more training in more than half of the procedures (≥8). Relationships were found between the 4 training measures, with some relationships stronger than others. Residents with primary care goals were more likely than those with subspecialty or hospital practice goals to desire more training in abscess incision and drainage and temporary splinting of fractures ( P P Conclusions Although pediatric residents are overall well prepared to perform ACGME-required procedures, exceptions exist. Considering the role of program size and resident career goal might help when optimizing and individualizing resident procedural training and preparation.
A Cognitive Prioritization for Reports Generated in Resource Constrained Applications

In many resource constrained web/cloud applications, users are given the ability to generate different kinds of reports after selecting some criteria for each report to be produced. Such criteria could, for example, be filters on certain report attributes. With limited computing resources, it is critical to prioritize the reports requested by users at any certain period of time. Then, that prioritization can be fed into any of the known web services scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we provide a novel cognitive prioritization approach that takes into consideration the free-form user-input text about the criticality of the reports as well as their aforementioned structured attributes/filters. Our method consists of a predictive model that uses the structured data to predict the report completion time as well as another text-mining model that uses the user’s text to weight its importance. Then, both outputs are combined with the user profile to come up with the final prioritization. We apply our methodology to real data taken from the report generation of a real-world application of IT service deal pricing and show results that illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Experimental study on accident transients and flow instabilities in a PWR-type small modular reactor

Abstract Experimental study on natural circulation flow instabilities is of great importance for the safety analysis in a PWR-type SMR, especially for accident scenarios such as loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and loss of heat sink accident (LOHS). In this study, an experimental natural circulation facility was built by scaling down from a typical PWR-type SMR. The scaling ratios were derived from non-dimensional field and constitutive equations of the drift flux model. The test facility has a height of 3.44 m with an operating pressure limit of 1.0 MPa. Two kinds of tests, the blowdown test and cold-blowdown test were performed. The blowdown test was designed to simulate the low pressure phase (
The Good Aesthetic Child and Deferred Aesthetic Education

Before Oscar Wilde’s fall and their exile to Europe, his sons Cyril and Vyvyan grew up in a Chelsea home whose decor reflected the height of aesthetic fashion. This chapter questions whether aestheticism constituted an actual family subculture and whether aesthetes at home consciously pursued an agenda of teaching their children good taste. It situates Wilde’s sons amid similar aesthetic children in history and fiction. In his memoirs, Vyvyan Holland recalls his younger self complexly—as a boy who feels natural beauty intensely, and later, an uncultivated young man requiring aesthetic tutelage under his late father’s friend Robert Ross. Vyvyan’s adult identity as a twentieth-century antiquarian, connoisseur, gourmet, and collector of objets d’art would grow from this delayed but vital aesthetic mentorship.
Non-experimental Approaches

Over time, various non-experimental approaches have been developed for predicting the MMP in a fast, reliable, easy-to-use, and inexpensive manner. Some recent approaches are presented below, wherein their capabilities and limitations for accurately determining the MMP for a variety of CO2-reservoir oil systems are also presented and discussed.
Multipath Triangulation: Decimeter-level WiFi Localization and Orientation with a Single Unaided Receiver

Decimeter-level localization has become a reality, in part due to the ability to eliminate the effects of multipath interference. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability to use multipath reflections to enhance localization rather than throwing them away. We present Multipath Triangulation, a new localization technique that uses multipath reflections to localize a target device with a single receiver that does not require any form of coordination with any other devices. In this paper, we leverage multipath triangulation to build the first decimeter-level WiFi localization system, called MonoLoco, that requires only a single access point (AP) and a single channel, and does not impose any overhead, data sharing, or coordination protocols beyond standard WiFi communication. As a bonus, it also determines the orientation of the target relative to the AP. We implemented MonoLoco using Intel 5300 commodity WiFi cards and deploy it in four environments with different multipath propagation. Results indicate median localization error of 0.5m and median orientation error of 6.6 degrees, which are comparable to the best performing prior systems, all of which require multiple APs and/or multiple frequency channels. High accuracy can be achieved with only a handful of packets.
Preschool Children's Collaborative Problem-Solving Interactions: The Role of Gender, Pair Type, and Task

The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in problem-solving and conflict-resolution skills in preschool children. Children between 4 and 5 years of age completed 3 problem-solving tasks with either a same-sex or a different-sex peer. Children's verbal and nonverbal interactions were analyzed. Girls used mitigation more often than did boys. Mixed-sex dyads engaged in controlling verbal interactions more often than same-sex dyads. There were relationships between verbal and nonverbal behaviors and task success; these relationships also differed across pair types. The results of the study demonstrate that the gender differences in types of verbal interactions previously observed in preschool children's free play are also present in their problem-solving interactions and that children are able to alter the types of behaviors they use depending upon both partner gender and the type of task involved.
Portable Analytical Systems for On-Site Diagnosis of Exposure to Pesticides and Nerve Agents

In this chapter, we summarize recent work in our laboratory on the development of sensitive portable analytical systems for use in on-site detection of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and chemical nerve agents. These systems are based on various nanomaterials functioning as transducers; recognition agents or labels and various elelectrochemical/immunoassay techniques. The studied nanomaterials included functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT), zirconia nanoparticles (NPs) and quantum dots (QDs). Three biomarkers e.g. the free OPs, metabolites of OPs and protein-OP adducts in biological matrices have been employed for biomonitoring of OP exposure with our developed system. It has been found that the nanomaterial-based portable analytical systems have high sensitivity for the detection of the biomarkers, which suggest that these technologies offer great promise for the rapid and on-site detection and evaluation of OP exposure.
Predictors of Adherence and Treatment Delays among African American Women Recommended to Receive Breast Cancer Chemotherapy.

Abstract Background Recognition of potential explanations for nonadherence or treatment delays is crucial to improving survival, particularly among African American women, for whom there is limited research assessing patient factors that influence adherence to breast cancer chemotherapy. Objective This study sought to examine the association of patient factors such as age, income, employment, and partner status with adherence (full dose/on time) to prescribed breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy and delays in treatment among African American women. Methods This observational, prospective study used baseline data from the Adherence, Communication, Treatment, and Support Intervention Study that included African American women with early stage breast cancer who were recommended to receive chemotherapy. Eleven baseline demographic variables measured by a sociodemographic questionnaire were analyzed against the outcome variables of 85% adherence to chemotherapy, dichotomized as yes or no, and chemotherapy treatment delays measured as number of days. Results For the 121 African American women included in this study, only employment status and number of comorbidities were significant predictors for total treatment delays (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.175 [p = .000]; IRR = 1.234 [p = .003]) in the adjusted models. Implications Employment status and number of comorbidities are predictors of the ability to receive timely breast cancer chemotherapy among African American women. This knowledge allows identification of patients in need of tailored supportive care to encourage adherence and prevent treatment delays.
Abstract WP302: Low Volume Non-PSC Hospitals Are More Likely to Transfer Whites but Not Blacks for a Higher Level of Stroke Care

Introduction: We previously reported that “drip and ship” patients received at our tertiary center were younger and less often black when compared to those presenting directly. Given that dispariti...
Multipath Forwarding Strategies and SDN Control for Named Data Networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) proposes a contentcentric rather than a host-centric approach to data retrieval. Data packets with unique and immutable names are retrieved from a content store (CS) using Interest packets. The current NDN architecture relies on forwarding strategies that are dependent upon on-path caching and is therefore inefficient. This approach reduces data transfer efficiency by ignoring the cached content available on the adjacent off-path routers in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed multipath (D-MP) forwarding strategy and enhancements to the NDN Interest forwarding pipeline. Furthermore, we develop a centralized SDNenabled control for the multipath forwarding strategy (S-MP) that distributes Interests efficiently by using the global knowledge of the NDN network states. We perform extensive evaluations of our proposed methods on an at-scale WAN testbed spanning six geographically separated sites. Our solutions outperform the existing NDN forwarding strategies by a significant margin. We show that the D-MP strategy results in performance gains ranging between 10.4x to 12.5x over the default NDN implementation without in-network caching, and gains of 12.2x to 18.4x with in-network caching. In addition, for the S-MP case, we demonstrate a performance improvement of 10.6x to 12.6x, and 12.9x to 18.5x, for with- and without in-network caching respectively.
National Study of Childhood Traumatic Events and Adolescent and Adult Criminal Justice Involvement Risk: Evaluating the Protective Role of Social Support From Mentors During Adolescence.

OBJECTIVE With nearly 11 million people in the United States arrested in 2015, the need to identify antecedent risk factors driving criminal justice involvement (CJI) and possible mitigating factors is crucial. This study examines the relation between childhood trauma and CJI in adolescence and adulthood and assesses how this relation is moderated by mentoring during young adulthood. METHODS The analysis included 3 waves of data-adolescents, young adults, and adults-collected from 1995 to 2008 from 12,288 adolescents who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative study of adolescents in grades 7 to 12. Logistic regression was used to examine how having a close mentor in adolescence moderated the relation between criminal justice involvement and 9 childhood traumatic events: (1) neglect, (2) emotional abuse, (3) physical abuse, (4) sexual abuse, (5) parental incarceration, (6) parental binge drinking, (7) witnessed violence, (8) threatened with violence, and (9) experienced violence. RESULTS Cumulative exposure to childhood trauma was associated with CJI in adolescence (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] ranging from 2.24 to 25.98) and adulthood (AOR range, 1.82-6.69), and parental incarceration was consistently one of the, if not the, most strongly associated with each form of CJI; the strength of these associations was weakened for those who reported a close mentor compared to those who did not. CONCLUSIONS This study advances the literature regarding trauma and CJI, highlighting the role of social support and mentorship as protective factors for youth who experience childhood trauma. Interventions aimed at protecting vulnerable children from the harms of trauma should be the next priority.
A Pulsed Activation Measurement of the Doppler Effect of Uranium-238 over the Temperature Range 300 to 3115 K

The Doppler effect for /sup 235/U-enriched UO/sub 2/ fuel pellets has been measured by the Pulsed Activation Doppler (PAD) technique in a TRIGA reactor. A combination of static electrical preheating and pulsed fission heating during irradiation was used to perform the measurements at temperatures extending from 300 K to the melting point of UO/sub 2/ (3115 K). The /sup 235/U enrichment in the experimental samples investigated ranged from 0.22 to 12 percent by weight. Measurements were made at under partially molten conditions of UO/sub 2/. Two sizes of pellets were used, with nominal surface-to-mass ratio values of 0.63 and 1.08 cm/sup 2//g, respectively. The experimentally determined values of the Doppler ratio were in good agreement with resonance integral ratios determined from GAROL calculations and extrapolations of the low-temperature Hellstrand correlation.
Teaching motivational interviewing in a blended learning environment

Abstract Background and purpose To describe the implementation of blended learning in teaching motivational interviewing (MI) to third-year pharmacy students and evaluate changes in MI knowledge by assessing students' abilities to recognize and formulate responses using MI skills after the training and, for a subset of students, one year later. Educational activity and setting The comMIt e-learning program was integrated into a third-year pharmacy communication course. Skills learned in the program were applied and assessed using e-learning quizzes, three in-class practice sessions and a 5-minute final assessment video. In addition, students completed a 22-item pre- and post-survey addressing their abilities to recognize and formulate statements using MI skills. This survey was voluntarily completed again one year later. Findings Sixty students completed the training and showed a statistically significant improvement between the pre- and post-surveys. Twenty-seven students voluntarily responded to the survey one year later. While overall performance dropped between the post-survey and the one-year follow-up, students sustained their ability to formulate appropriate MI responses to the open-response questions. Summary This study demonstrates that students can successfully learn and retain MI skills using blended learning via the comMIt e-learning program and in-class practice activities.
Evaluation of Korean-Language COVID-19-Related Medical Information on YouTube: Cross-Sectional Infodemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: In South Korea, the number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases has declined rapidly and much sooner than in other countries. South Korea is one of the most digitalized countries in the world, and YouTube may have served as a rapid delivery mechanism for increasing public awareness of COVID-19. Thus, the platform may have helped the South Korean public fight the spread of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the reliability, overall quality, title-content consistency, and content coverage of Korean-language YouTube videos on COVID-19, which have been uploaded by different sources. METHODS: A total of 200 of the most viewed YouTube videos from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, were screened, searching in Korean for the terms "Coronavirus," "COVID," "Corona," "Wuhan virus," and "Wuhan pneumonia." Non-Korean videos and videos that were duplicated, irrelevant, or livestreamed were excluded. Source and video metrics were collected. The videos were scored based on the following criteria: modified DISCERN index, Journal of the American Medical Association Score (JAMAS) benchmark criteria, global quality score (GQS), title-content consistency index (TCCI), and medical information and content index (MICI). RESULTS: Of the 105 total videos, 37.14% (39/105) contained misleading information; independent user-generated videos showed the highest proportion of misleading information at 68.09% (32/47), while all of the government-generated videos were useful. Government agency-generated videos achieved the highest median score of DISCERN (5.0, IQR 5.0-5.0), JAMAS (4.0, IQR 4.0-4.0), GQS (4.0, IQR 3.0-4.5), and TCCI (5.0, IQR 5.0-5.0), while independent user-generated videos achieved the lowest median score of DISCERN (2.0, IQR 1.0-3.0), JAMAS (2.0, IQR 1.5-2.0), GQS (2.0, IQR 1.5-2.0), and TCCI (3.0, IQR 3.0-4.0). However, the total MICI was not significantly different among sources. "Transmission and precautionary measures" were the most commonly covered content by government agencies, news agencies, and independent users. In contrast, the most mentioned content by news agencies was "prevalence," followed by "transmission and precautionary measures." CONCLUSIONS: Misleading videos had more likes, fewer comments, and longer running times than useful videos. Korean-language YouTube videos on COVID-19 uploaded by different sources varied significantly in terms of reliability, overall quality, and title-content consistency, but the content coverage was not significantly different. Government-generated videos had higher reliability, overall quality, and title-content consistency than independent user-generated videos.
Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury and Scope of Utilization in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

The risk of contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) poses a challenge for ambulatory cardiac procedures. The advent of more complicated procedures being performed on an older and more clinically complex patient population is offset by the increased safety of low-osmolality contrast media and advances in procedural techniques to minimize AKI. The validation and use of biomarkers for AKI has been demonstrated in various studies, including risk assessment and prognostication of CI-AKI. Biomarkers such as Cystatin-C, L-FABP, TIMP2∗ IFGBP7, NGAL and KIM-1 show promise because of their performance in predicting AKI in different high risk settings; however the role of established AKI biomarkers in mitigating AKI risk in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is continuously evolving. Future studies that validate the use of biomarkers of kidney injury in different contexts in the cardiac catheterization laboratory will help delineate best clinical practices that will identify AKI in a time sensitive fashion, and result in reduction of AKI associated morbidity, mortality and health care costs.