cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Validation of a Method to Measure Information Value in Clinical Documentation

Well-established electronic medical record (EMR) systems accumulate large volumes of documentation (notes, reports and summaries) of highly variable purpose, scope and quality. To assist treatment decisions, caregivers review electronic charts, but do so in a constrained display space. In this study we investigate whether tf·idf, a computable relevance statistic, exhibits a valid correspondence with user judgments of EMR document quality and usefulness. 110 administrators, nurses, and practitioners rated progress notes on a user-perceived EMR document quality scale. Quality ratings were compared to tf·idf computed for each document evaluated. Over the entire group, several quality dimensions significantly correlated with tf·idf, but practitioner ratings were most strongly correlated. Enhancing tf.idf via stemming and stopword preprocessing produced stronger correlations than the baseline implementation. Tf·idf relevance shows promise as a valid proxy of practitioner-perceived document quality, with the potential to aid developing a relevance filter that allows EMR users to review documents more efficiently.
Measurement of nuclear size distribution of epithelial tissues in vivo for diagnosis of early precancerous changes using reflectance spectroscopy

Summary form only received as follows: The author observed a fine component in backscattered light from mucosal tissue, which is periodic in wavelength. This structure is ordinarily masked by a diffusive background. The author has identified the origin of this component as being due to light that is Mie scattered by surface epithelial cell nuclei. By analyzing the amplitude and frequency of the fine structure, the density and size distribution of these nuclei can be extracted. In an in vivo clinical study in patients with Barrett's esophagus, a spectroscopic diagnosis was made and then compared to the histologic diagnosis. In vivo spectroscopy was both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of early precancerous changes.
Women's Liberation Among Two Samples of Young Women

Interviews conducted in 1970 and 1971 with women who were university students and women registered with the state department of employment indicated that compared to married women, single women who did not have direct experience in the traditional female role held opinions which tended to idealize that role orientation. In particular, inexperienced women as opposed to more knowledgeable women tended to see marriage and children as the most important life experience for a woman, to have lower career commitment (p <.05), to plan to alter their career plans significantly to accommodate children (p <.05), and to idealize the sexual relationship in a marriage (p <.003). Neither group of women revealed belief patterns strongly supportive of the women's liberation movement.
Analysis of the learning model for KYDON system

In this paper, a learning model for an autonomous vision multi-layer architecture, called KYDON, is presented modeled and analyzed. This learning model uses a birth and death approach to derive the relationships among the parameters used in the learning characteristic function. In addition the two critical (deletion and saturation) points on the learning curve are evaluated. These points represent two extreme states on the learning process. The KYDON architecture consists of 'k' layers of array processors. The lowest layers consist of lower-level processing layers, and the rest consist of higher-level processing layers. The interconnectivity of the PEs in each array is based on a full hexagonal mesh structure. KYDON uses graph models to represent and process the knowledge, extracted from the image. The knowledge base of KYDON is distributed among its PE's.
Romidepsin: a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor for cancer.

Introduction: Romidepsin is a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, with a recent approval for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). HDAC inhibitors represent a novel approach to anti-tumor therapy. In contrast to traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, HDAC inhibitors target underlying epigenetic changes leading to malignant transformation. Further study of romidepsin and similar agents in solid and hematologic malignancies is ongoing. Areas covered: This review discusses the development of romidepsin, its mechanism of action, pivotal clinical trials, drug toxicity and its recent approval for CTCL treatment. Key clinical trials covered include Phase I/II testing of romidepsin in solid and hematologic malignancies. In addition, the Phase II trial in CTCL leading to FDA approval of romidepsin is reviewed in detail. Literature search was performed using PubMed; keywords and concepts used included romidepsin, T-cell lymphoma and HDAC inhibitors. Expert opinion: Romidepsin is a potent HDAC inhibito...
Fast Query Point Movement Techniques for Large CBIR Systems

Target search in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems refers to finding a specific (target) image such as a particular registered logo or a specific historical photograph. Existing techniques, designed around query refinement based on relevance feedback, suffer from slow convergence, and do not guarantee to find intended targets. To address these limitations, we propose several efficient query point movement methods. We prove that our approach is able to reach any given target image with fewer iterations in the worst and average cases. We propose a new index structure and query processing technique to improve retrieval effectiveness and efficiency. We also consider strategies to minimize the effects of users' inaccurate relevance feedback. Extensive experiments in simulated and realistic environments show that our approach significantly reduces the number of required iterations and improves overall retrieval performance. The experimental results also confirm that our approach can always retrieve intended targets even with poor selection of initial query points.
In situ quasi-elastic scattering characterization of particle size effects on the hydration of tricalcium silicate

The effects of different particle size distributions on the real-time hydration of tricalcium silicate cement paste were studied in situ by quasi-elastic neutron scattering. The changing state of water in the cement system was followed as a function both of cement hydration time and of temperature for different initial particle size distributions. It was found that the length of the initial, dormant, induction period, together with the kinetics of hydration product nucleation and growth, depends on the hydration temperature but not on the particle size distribution. However, initial particle size does affect the total amount of cement hydrated, with finer particle size producing more hydrated cement. Furthermore, the diffusion-limited rate of hydration at later hydration time is largely determined by the initial tricalcium silicate particle size distribution.
An analytical solution for unconfined, unsteady, inviscid jets; with applications to penetration problem debris cloud formation

Here we derive a closed form analytical solution for an unsteady inviscid jet using linearized, acceleration potential theory and classical analytical methods. Use is made of both the Laplace transformation and reduction to a self-similar form to solve the associated governing equations. The convolution theorem provides a closed form mapping from the transformed plane to the real plane. The streamwise diffusion term, e.g., "@g"@g is shown to be second order and is neglected. This analytical model is used to estimate the debris cloud geometry and velocity field as a function of location and time. Though formal solutions of the potential equation yield good results for debris cloud expansion near the initial impact point, @g @? 1, the debris cloud expansion front behavior is not recovered. The steady state eigenfunction expansion solution is used to extend the unsteady solution in an approximate manner. The extended solution retains physically correct expansion behavior for @g @? 1 but also provides a reasonable model near the debris cloud expansion front. Since debris cloud dynamics and witness plate impact are readily obtained from experimental observations, this model provides a simple, but useful supplement to conventional hydrocode simulation of impact and penetration phenomenon.
A Summary of North Atlantic Baroclinic Variability

Abstract The modal decomposition, proportional amplitudes, and lateral spatial scale of baroclinic motions in the North Atlantic Ocean are described as determined from more than 20 years of moored instrument data. The subtropical and subpolar gyres emerge naturally as regions of distinct energy levels, in the ratio of potential to kinetic energy, and in horizontal wavelength. Data in other ocean basins prove too sparse to use.
Surface Tension Effects on the Reactivity of Metal Nanoparticles

We present calculated adsorption energies of oxygen on gold and platinum clusters with up to 923 atoms (3 nm diameter) using density functional theory. We find that surface tension of the clusters induces a compression, which weakens the bonding of adsorbates compared with the bonding on extended surfaces. The effect is largest for close-packed surfaces and almost nonexistent on the more reactive steps and edges. The effect is largest at low coverage and decreases, even changing sign, at higher coverages where the strain changes from compressive to tensile. Quantum size effects also influence adsorption energies but only below a critical size of 1.5 nm for platinum and 2.5 nm for gold. We develop a model to describe the strain-induced size effects on adsorption energies, which is able to describe the influence of surface structure, adsorbate, metal, and coverage.
Balloon-Assisted Flow Diversion and Selective Catheterization of Target Vessels for Hepatic Transarterial Embolization

possible that these residents were more likely to complete the survey, introducing response bias, which may have been related to the subject of the email distributed or the title of the electronic survey. Also, a number of residents did not answer all the survey questions, which could contribute to inaccurate results. Another limitation of the study is that the survey respondents were asked to recall their thoughts and intentions from when they were medical students several years earlier. It is certainly possible that the recollections of the senior radiology residents are not entirely accurate. Currently, most medical students are not prepared to make the fellowship and career decision between DR and IR. Most have entered radiology residency considering IR and DR subspecialties and needed resident IR rotations to decide for or against IR as a subspecialty. Most medical students will soon have to decide between IR and DR specialization before participating in IR rotations, which risks applicants making uninformed choices. It is therefore important that medical students are exposed to IR as a career encompassing DR, imageguided procedures, and patient care. Medical school mentors, as well as IR and DR physicians, must improve efforts to educate medical students and create opportunities for extensive exposure to these newly distinct specialties and training programs. DR and IR residency programs should anticipate requests for transfers between these programs within the same institution.
Two Bioactive Molecular Weight Fractions of a Conditioned Medium Enhance RPE Cell Survival on Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Aged Bruch's Membrane

Purpose To characterize molecular weight fractions of bovine corneal endothelial cell conditioned medium (CM) supporting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell survival on aged and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Bruch's membrane.
Sequence-to-Sequence Similarity-Based Filter for Image Denoising

Image denoising has been a well-studied problem for imaging systems, especially imaging sensors. Despite remarkable progress in the quality of denoising algorithms, persistent challenges remain for a wide class of general images. In this paper, we present a new concept of sequence-to-sequence similarity (SSS). This similarity measure is an efficient method to evaluate the content similarity for images, especially for edge information. The approach differs from the traditional image processing techniques, which rely on pixel and block similarity. Based on this new concept, we introduce a new SSS-based filter for image denoising. The new SSS-based filter utilizes the edge information in the corrupted image to address image denoising problems. We demonstrate the filter by incorporating it into a new SSS-based image denoising algorithm to remove Gaussian noise. Experiments are performed over synthetic and experimental data. The performance of our methodology is experimentally verified on a variety of images and Gaussian noise levels. The results demonstrate that the proposed method’s performance exceeds several current state-of-the-art works, which are evaluated both visually and quantitatively. The presented framework opens up new perspectives in the use of SSS methodologies for image processing applications to replace the traditional pixel-to-pixel similarity or block-to-block similarity.
Glucose Transport Activity in Insulin-Resistant Rat Muscle: Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Bradykinin Antagonism

Insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose disposal underlies the pathogenesis of NIDDM and is associated with hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are used primarily in antihypertensive therapy but also are known to improve whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal. However, the exact site of action is not well characterized. We have used the isolated epitrochlearis muscle from a well-established animal model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, the obese Zucker rat, to test the effect of oral administration of ACE inhibitors on insulin-sensitive muscle glucose transport activity. Both acute and chronic administration of a sulfhydiyl-containing ACE inhibitor (captopril) or a non–sulfhydryl-containing ACE inhibitor (tran-dolapril) significantly enhanced in vitro insulin-mediated muscle glucose transport activity. In addition, the acute effect of oral captopril administration was completely abolished by pretreatment of the animal with a bradykinin B 2 receptor antagonist (HOE 140). These findings indicate that ACE inhibitors may improve whole-body glucose metabolism by acting on the insulinsensitive skeletal muscle glucose transport system. In addition, bradykinin or one of its metabolites may be involved in the action of the ACE inhibitor captopril on insulin-resistant muscle.
Protein Denaturants at Aqueous–Hydrophobic Interfaces: Self-Consistent Correlation between Induced Interfacial Fluctuations and Denaturant Stability at the Interface

The notion of direct interaction between denaturing cosolvent and protein residues has been proposed in dialogue relevant to molecular mechanisms of protein denaturation. Here we consider the correlation between free energetic stability and induced fluctuations of an aqueous–hydrophobic interface between a model hydrophobically associating protein, HFBII, and two common protein denaturants, guanidinium cation (Gdm+) and urea. We compute potentials of mean force along an order parameter that brings the solute molecule close to the known hydrophobic region of the protein. We assess potentials of mean force for different relative orientations between the protein and denaturant molecule. We find that in both cases of guanidinium cation and urea relative orientations of the denaturant molecule that are parallel to the local protein–water interface exhibit greater stability compared to edge-on or perpendicular orientations. This behavior has been observed for guanidinium/methylguanidinium cations at the liquid–...
Variation in positively selected major histocompatibility complex class I loci in rufous-collared sparrows ( Zonotrichia capensis )

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly variable family of genes involved in parasite recognition and the initiation of adaptive immune system responses. Variation in MHC loci is maintained primarily through parasite-mediated selection or disassortative mate choice. To characterize MHC diversity of rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis), an abundant South American passerine, we examined allelic and nucleotide variation in MHC class I exon 3 using pyrosequencing. Exon 3 comprises a substantial portion of the peptide-binding region (PBR) of class I MHC and thus plays an important role in intracellular pathogen defense. We identified 98 putatively functional alleles that produce 56 unique protein sequences across at least 6 paralogous loci. Allelic diversity per individual and exon-wide nucleotide diversity were relatively low; however, we found specific amino acid positions with high nucleotide diversity and signatures of positive selection (elevated d N /d S ) that may correspond to the PBR. Based on the variation in physicochemical properties of amino acids at these “positively selected sites,” we identified ten functional MHC supertypes. Spatial variation in nucleotide diversity and the number of MHC alleles, proteins, and supertypes per individual suggests that environmental heterogeneity may affect patterns of MHC diversity. Furthermore, populations with high MHC diversity have higher prevalence of avian malaria, consistent with parasite-mediated selection on MHC. Together, these results provide a framework for subsequent investigations of selective agents acting on MHC in Z. capensis.
Development of 1000 kV Series Standard Potential Transformer

To meet the requirements of the traceability and transfer of voltage value in the construction of 1000 kV ultra-high voltage (UHV) power grid, a design of series standard potential transformer is presented based on the theory of power frequency voltage summation method ,and the relevant mathematic model is established. However, the accuracy of the high voltage isolation transformers (HVIT) greatly is influenced by huge leakage inductance, so a method of compensation for the leakage inductance is adopted by connecting the capacitance in series on primary windings of HVIT. Experimental results prove that the method can increase the accuracy of HVIT greatly and thus guarantee the whole accuracy of SSPT. Referring to the uneven divided voltage caused by great difference of upper-lower structural capacitance, a method of connecting the capacitance in parallel on the upper part of SSPT is put forward, and the feasibility of the method is proved through finite element analysis. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic standard potential transformers, the method can greatly reduce the volume, weight and insulation requirements of single transformer on the premise of meeting relative requirements of the power frequency voltage withstand as well as the accuracy.
Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate in a 41-Year-Old Man With XXY Karyotype and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Report of a Case

Abstract We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a 41-year-old man with 47XXY karyotype (Klinefelter’s syndrome) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The increased incidence of malignancy in individuals with Klinefelter’s syndrome has been well documented for certain neoplasms. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate has not been reported previously in a patient with Klinefelter’s syndrome and a 47XXY karyotype. Absence of mosaicism was confirmed by peripheral lymphocyte, skin fibroblast, bone marrow cell and spleen stroma fibroblast cultures. Chronic lymphocyte leukemia, especially the T-cell cytotoxic/suppressive variant, may additionally add to an immunological deficit. Since carcinoma of the prostate, Klinefelter’s syndrome and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are common, the lack of a previous report is interesting. Etiological aspects are discussed.
Preanalytic process linked to spuriously elevated HIV viral loads: improvement on an FDA-approved process

The processing of specimens often occurs in a central processing area within laboratories. We demonstrated that plasma centrifuged in the central laboratory but allowed to remain within the primary tube following centrifugation was associated with spuriously elevated HIV viral loads compared with recentrifugation of the plasma just prior to testing.
Expression of Fetal Hemoglobin among Adult Human Erythroblasts Is Associated with an Altered Expression Pattern for the Transcription Factor c-Myb.

The c-Myb transcription factor plays a central role in regulating growth and differentiation during definitive erythropoiesis. In addition, c-Myb expression has been previously linked to GATA-1 expression and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Here we examined a potential role for c-Myb in signaled expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) among primary adult human erythroblasts. Initial experiments were performed to determine the expression pattern of c-Myb under conditions of low fetal hemoglobin production (CD34 cells cultured over 14 days in media supplemented with erythropoietin (EPO) alone). Quantitative PCR performed on cells sampled on days 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 demonstrated highly regulated c-Myb expression. A dramatic increase (>30 fold) in c-Myb mRNA was measured between days 5 and 8 as the committed progenitor cells differentiated to the proerythroblast stage. That increase was followed by a 3-fold reduction in c-Myb during terminal differentiation. Western blotting of nuclear extracts obtained on days 7 and 14 in EPO cultures corroborated with the quantitative PCR analyses. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays performed using day 7 and day 14 nuclear extracts showed a shifted major band with a c-Myb consensus probe. That major band was competed by unlabeled c-Myb probe on both days. Moreover, day 14 extracts repeatedly revealed two additional bands that were not competed suggesting the possibility of other complexes binding to the Myb motif or changes in c-Myb conformation during terminal differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays also revealed preliminary evidence for Myb binding directly to beta globin locus. When compared to low HbF culture conditions (EPO; HbF 35%) demonstrated a distinct pattern of c-Myb expression. Relative to the low HbF conditions, high HbF expressing cells had reduced c-Myb levels on day 7 followed by increased levels on day 14. These results suggest that c-Myb possesses highly regulated patterns of expression and DNA binding during erythroid maturation. In addition, the association of changes in c-Myb expression patterns with HbF production suggests that this growth-related transcription factor may help regulate fetal hemoglobin synthesis in patients with beta-hemoglobinopathies.
Student outcomes of short-term international humanitarian engineering fieldwork

This study assesses the self-reported outcomes of engagement in a three-week-long, international humanitarian engineering fieldwork course for undergraduate and graduate students. As part of the fieldwork, multi-disciplinary teams of students designed technology-based ventures in low-resource countries, including Kenya, Tanzania, India or Nicaragua. The venture development required students to engage business partners, work closely with the local communities, and conduct formal and informal presentations. Ventures included development of a solar-powered food dryer, biogas digester, affordable greenhouses, inexpensive biomedical devices, knowledge sharing platform for self-employed women, and a networked telemedicine system. Students reflected on their experiences at the conclusion of the fieldwork course. The researchers analyzed 106 students' self-reported outcomes using a mixed-methods approach. Broad categories of outcomes identified by students included teamwork, intercultural competency, professional and personal development. In this paper, we examine the themes emerging from the self-reported outcomes with the goal of better understanding how students process their experiences and the value of such experiences to students from the course and similar community-engaged scholarship experiences. The results presented in the paper can be leveraged to strengthen fieldwork experiences and develop effective strategies for branding the value of entrepreneurship education.
T-bet regulates long-lived plasma cell development in an influenza model (IRM10P.604)

Long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) arise from germinal center B cells (GCB). The transcription factor Bcl6, which is required for GCB cell survival, inhibits LLPC development by repressing the transcription factor Blimp1, which normally initiates LLPC development. To date, it is not clear how these opposing transcription factors are regulated in GCB cells. In T lymphocytes, the transcription factor T-bet modulates the balance between Blimp1 and Bcl6 and controls the subsequent differentiation of the T cells into memory and effector cells. When naive B cells are activated in vitro with T helper 1 (Th1) cells, the B cells differentiate into antibody (Ab) secreting cells in a T-bet and IFNγ dependent manner. Therefore, we hypothesized that B cell intrinsic expression of T-bet would also be necessary for LLPC development following influenza A infection. We found that T-bet expression increased in GCB cells formed after flu infection and was highest within GCB cells expressing low levels of the PC marker CD138, suggesting that T-bet supports PC differentiation from GCB cells. In chimeric mice in which 50% of cells are T-bet -/- , T-bet -/- GCB cells expressed lower levels of Blimp1 and IRF4 than WT GCB cells. Furthermore, flu-specific Ab titers were attenuated in chimeric animals lacking T-bet selectively within the B lineage cells compared to control chimeras with WT B cells. These results support a role for T-bet in the development of LLPC following influenza infection.
The associations of hemodialysis access type and access satisfaction with health-related quality of life.

Abstract Objective In addition to age and comorbidities, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is known to predict mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Understanding the association of vascular access type with HRQOL can help surgeons to provide patient-centered dialysis access recommendations. We sought to understand the impact of HD access type on HRQOL. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional prospective study of community-dwelling prevalent HD patients in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We assessed patient satisfaction with their access using the Vascular Access Questionnaire (VAQ) and HRQOL with the Short Form Health Survey. We compared access satisfaction and HRQOL across access types. We used logistic regression modeling to evaluate the association of access type with satisfaction and multivariate analysis of variance to evaluate the association of both of these variables on HRQOL. Results We surveyed 77 patients. The mean age was 61.8 ± 15.9 years. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was used by 62.3%, tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC) by 23.4%, and arteriovenous graft (AVG) by 14.3%. There was a significant difference in satisfaction by access type with lowest median VAQ score (indicating highest satisfaction) in patients with AVF followed by TDC and AVG (4.5 vs 6.5 vs 7.0; P = .013). Defining a VAQ score of P = NS). Multivariate regression analysis yielded a model that predicted 46% of the variance of VAQ score; important predictors of dissatisfaction included P P P = .04) or TDC (β = 1.67; P = .02) access. Mean physical and mental QOL scores (the composite scores of Short Form Health Survey) were not different by access type ( P = .49; P = .41). In an additive multivariate analysis of variance with the two composite QOL scores as dependent variables, 25.8% of the generalized variance in HRQOL (effect size) was accounted for by access satisfaction with only an additional 3% accounted for by access type. Conclusions HD patients experience greatest satisfaction with fistula, and access satisfaction is significantly associated with better HRQOL. Controlling for access satisfaction, there is no significant independent association of access type on HRQOL. Future research should investigate the relationship between access satisfaction, adherence to dialysis regimens, mortality, and the consequent implications for patient-centered care.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in older adults compared with younger adults over five seasons

Abstract Background There have been inconsistent reports of decreased vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza viruses among older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) compared with younger adults in the United States. A direct comparison of VE over multiple seasons is needed to assess the consistency of these observations. Methods We performed a pooled analysis of VE over 5 seasons among adults aged ≥ 18 years who were systematically enrolled in the U.S. Flu VE Network. Outpatients with medically-attended acute respiratory illness (cough with illness onset ≤ 7 days prior to enrollment) were tested for influenza by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared differences in VE and vaccine failures among older adult age group (65–74, ≥75, and ≥ 65 years) to adults aged 18–49 years by influenza type and subtype using interaction terms to test for statistical significance and stratified by prior season vaccination status. Results Analysis included 20,022 adults aged ≥ 18 years enrolled during the 2011–12 through 2015–16 influenza seasons; 4,785 (24%) tested positive for influenza. VE among patients aged ≥ 65 years was not significantly lower than VE among patients aged 18–49 years against any subtype with no significant interaction of age and vaccination. VE against A(H3N2) viruses was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] −14% to 36%) for adults ≥ 65 years and 21% (CI 9–32%) for adults 18–49 years. VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 49% (95% CI 22–66%) for adults ≥ 65 years and 48% (95% CI 41–54%) for adults 18–49 years and against B viruses was 62% (95% CI 44–74%) for adults ≥ 65 years and 55% (95% CI 45–63%) for adults 18–49 years. There was no significant interaction of age and vaccination for separate strata of prior vaccination status. Conclusions Over 5 seasons, influenza vaccination provided similar levels of protection among older and younger adults, with lower levels of protection against influenza A(H3N2) in all ages.
Microbiology in Nursing and Allied Health (MINAH) Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines: A Call to Retain Microbiology Lecture and Laboratory Courses in Nursing and Allied Health Programs.

This position paper presents the Microbiology in Nursing and Allied Health (MINAH) Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines ( Appendix 1 ) that were developed by a committee effort of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). These guidelines differ from the 2012 General Microbiology Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines presented by a separate ASM taskforce. The fact that some U.S. nursing programs are eliminating microbiology courses from their curriculum prompted the development of curriculum guidelines focused on nursing and allied health. Here we review: 1) factors that have shifted microbiology’s place in health professions curricula (with a focus on nursing associate degree programs); 2) resources to support microbiology’s inclusion in nursing and allied health programs; and 3) recommendations for maintaining microbiology as a full course (lecture and laboratory) in nursing and allied health undergraduate curricula.
Mucocele of the Glands of Blandin-Nuhn, a rare complication following lingual frenectomy: Case report

Abstract A patient with a history of lingual frenectomy presents with a mass on the ventral tongue. En bloc excision of the mass was performed and histopathologic examination was consistent with a mucocele. Mucoceles involving the Glands of Blandin-Nuhn of the ventral tongue are uncommon lesions after lingual fenectomies. This case report emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive history to arrive at the correct diagnosis for pediatric ventral tongue lesions and highlights the importance of careful surgical technique to minimize iatrogenic mucoceles.
How Should Clinicians Respond to Requests from Patients to Participate in Prayer

Physicians can respond to patient requests for prayer by first pausing, listening respectfully, and reflecting back their understanding of the request.
Operating High-DoF Articulated Robots Using Virtual Links and Joints

This chapter presents the theory, implementation, and application of a novel operations system for articulated robots with large numbers (10s to 100s) of degrees-of-freedom (DoF), based on virtual articulations and kinematic abstractions. Such robots are attractive in some applications, including space exploration, due to their application flexibility. But operating them can be challenging: they are capable of many different kinds of motion, but often this requires coordination of many joints. Prior methods exist for specifying motions at both low and high-levels of detail; the new methods fill a gap in the middle by allowing the operator to be as detailed as desired. The presentation is fully general and can be directly applied across a broad class of 3D articulated robots.
Kinematic and Elastic Mobility

Mobility, either virtual or kinematic, is a definitive feature of underconstrained structural systems. The two types of mobility are intricately intertwined. For instance, when a quasi-variant system (type III) made of a real, flexible material is subjected to a perturbation load, it undergoes displacements and constraint variations bringing it out of its singular configuration. As a result, the system acquires kinematic mobility, i.e., the possibility of finite displacements without any additional constraint variations. Under the same conditions, a quasi-invariant system (type II) behaves differently: in a new configuration it loses even its virtual mobility and becomes capable of supporting an arbitrary load.
Proteomic Diversity in HDL: A Driving Force for Particle Function and Target for Therapeutic Intervention

Abstract High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are circulating particles composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. There is a well established inverse correlation between plasma levels of HDL-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Attempts at therapeutic interventions to raise plasma HDL-C levels have been successful, raising it by 30% to more than 100%. However, so far, pharmacological raising of HDL-C has provided no benefit in terms of clinical outcomes. In an attempt to understand why, researchers have been looking deeper into the composition and functional properties of HDL. Recent analyses of the protein composition of HDL have discovered that upwards of 70 different plasma proteins are consistently identified on isolated particles. The known functions associated with these proteins are diverse and span physiological roles far beyond the traditional roles for HDL in lipid metabolism, suggesting that novel functional roles for HDL may exist. This information has sparked a new area of research aimed at identifying proteomic subspecies of HDL and understanding their functionality in health and disease. Here we discuss the proteomic diversity of HDL and the concept of subspeciation as well as the influence of disease on HDL-associated proteins and the potential for therapeutic manipulation of the HDL proteome to treat cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases.
Is Suicidal Behavior in Mood Disorders Altered by Comorbid PTSD

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among US veterans. Associations between depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal behaviors have been found in this po...
Ureaplasma urealyticum pyelonephritis presenting with progressive dysuria, renal failure, and neurologic symptoms in an immunocompromised patient

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterial species correlated with urethritis in healthy individuals and invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. We describe a 20-year-old female with a history of remote heart transplant on everolimus, my cophenolate, and rituximab presenting with progressive urinary tract symptoms, renal failure, and neurologic symptoms. An extensive workup ultimately identified U urealyticum infection, and the patient successfully recovered after a course of azithromycin and doxycycline.
Iatrogenic pediatric hydroxocobalamin overdose.

Abstract Introduction Hydroxocobalamin, a precursor molecule to vitamin B12, has emerged as the preferred empiric treatment for patients rescued from enclosed-space fires with concern for inhalational injury and potential concomitant cyanide toxicity. Limited data exist on the effects of hydroxocobalamin toxicity, particularly in pediatric patients. Case report We report a case of a healthy three-year old girl who was rescued from an apartment fire and electively intubated by prehospital providers. Due to concern for potential cyanide toxicity, she received 5 g (373 mg/kg) of intravenous hydroxocobalamin, an amount equivalent to one standard adult dose but over five times the appropriate weight-adjusted dose for this 13.4-kilogram child. On hospital arrival, patient was noted to have chromaturia and diffuse erythroderma without cutaneous burns. She was extubated 4 h after prehospital intubation and discharged home the following morning in good condition with persistent erythroderma. Skin color returned to normal within two days. Discussion We believe this to be the first reported case of iatrogenic pediatric hydroxocobalamin overdose for the treatment of suspected cyanide toxicity. Erythroderma and chromaturia are expected side effects of hydroxocobalamin, even at therapeutic levels. Along with minor airway burns, the only other finding was a transient and hemodynamically neutral bradycardia, which began shortly after prehospital intubation. As this bradycardia occurred prior to hydroxocobalamin administration, more likely culprits include vagal nerve stimulation from direct laryngoscopy, and sinoatrial muscarinic receptor stimulation caused by repeated doses of succinylcholine. In all, we were unable to appreciate any complications due to excess hydroxocobalamin administration.
Local knowledge, global knowledge: The role of local language literacy for lifelong learning in rural African contexts

Lifelong learning is an established concept in international education, with the discourse surrounding it implying that it is globally relevant. Nevertheless, lifelong learning takes place in specific local contexts in which features such as language, location and content are distinctive. This raises the question: How is an understanding of the global concept of lifelong learning enriched by a study of such learning in the Global South? This article examines the circumstances surrounding local language literacy in Africa, and suggests that the associated literacy practices help us to refine the concept of lifelong learning. The data for this article are taken from interviews the authors conducted in Ethiopia, Kenya, Cameroon, Ghana and Burkina Faso with 95 adults who had completed local-language literacy instruction within the previous 20 years and who were asked to identify the changes in their lives that had come about after learning to read, write and calculate in their own language. The study provides compelling evidence that lifelong learning has a local reality separate from the global discourse. It contributes to understandings of lifelong learning, demonstrating that once people learn to read in their own language, their literacy skills continue to serve them for engaging in new, literacy-based learning throughout the rest of their lives. Important knowledge from outside of the local community also becomes accessible to them, contributing further to lifelong learning. Thus Northern institutions committed to expanding the lifelong learning options of adults in the Global South must recognise that lifelong learning is significantly enhanced by local-language literacy programming and publication.
On- and off-label utilization of dalbavancin and oritavancin for Gram-positive infections.

Background Long-acting lipoglycopeptides (laLGPs) are FDA approved only for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). However, these antibiotics show promise for off-label use, reductions in hospital length of stay (LOS) and healthcare cost savings. Objectives To assess the effectiveness, safety, impact on LOS and estimated cost savings from laLGP treatment for Gram-positive infections. Methods Retrospective cohort of adult patients who received at least one dose of laLGPs at the University of Colorado Health system. Descriptive statistics were utilized for analysis. Results Of 59 patients screened, 56 were included: mean age 47 years, 59% male and 30% injection drug users/polysubstance abusers (dalbavancin, 71%; oritavancin, 25%; both, 4%). Most common indications for laLGP: ABSSSIs (36%), osteomyelitis (27%) and endocarditis (9%). Most common isolated pathogens: MSSA and MRSA (25% and 19%, respectively), Enterococcus faecalis (11%) and CoNS (11%). Previous antibiotics were administered for a median of 13 days (IQR = 7.0-24.5 days) and laLGPs for a median of one dose (IQR = 1-2 doses). Ten (18%) patients were lost to follow-up. Clinical failure was found in 7/47 (15%) cases with adequate follow-up. Mild adverse effects occurred in six (11%) patients. Projected reduction in hospital LOS and health-system costs were 514 days (9.18 days/person average) and $963456.72 ($17204.58/person average), respectively. Conclusions Prospective trials are needed to validate the use of these antibiotics for Gram-positive infections in practice, with the hope that they will reduce hospital LOS and the need for daily antibiotic infusions to provide alternative options for patients not qualifying for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
Legislative Protection from Discrimination in Access to Employer-Provided Training.

This article provides an analysis of laws across all 193 United Nations countries that protect workers from discrimination in access to employer-provided training. We assessed the overall level of protection and the characteristics most commonly protected, as well as the extent of variation across geographic regions and country income. Overall, 60 per cent of countries were found to offer specific protections from discrimination in access to training for at least one of the seven protected characteristics, which was significantly less than the percentage of countries offering protections from discriminatory hiring or terminations. Gender was the most commonly protected characteristic, whereas sexual orientation was least commonly protected. These findings suggest that employer-provided training is less well-protected from discrimination when compared with other aspects of employment and that there is variation in protection across socio-demographic characteristics and geographic regions. Additional legislation may be needed to ensure equitable access to training for all workers.
Quantifying Cognitive Bias in Educational Researchers.

As we take advantage of new technologies that allow us to streamline the coding process of large qualitative datasets, we must consider whether human cognitive bias may introduce statistical bias i...
Providing goal reminders eliminates the relationship between working memory capacity and Stroop errors

Previous research has shown that list-wide effects in the Stroop task interact with working memory capacity (WMC). The predominant explanation for this relationship is goal maintenance. However, some researchers have challenged whether list-wide effects truly reflect goal-maintenance abilities. In the current study, we examined whether goal maintenance explains higher WMC individuals' better performance within mostly congruent (MC) Stroop lists by providing periodic goal reminders to some of the participants. Two hundred and twelve participants from Montana State University first completed the Automated Operation Span and were then assigned to either a true control, goal reminder, or nongoal reminder condition. During the Stroop task, the true control condition received rest breaks every 60 trials, whereas the goal reminder and nongoal reminder conditions stopped every 12 trials to vocalize either the task goal or a rehearsed statement, respectively. We regressed Stroop errors on reminder condition and WMC, comparing each group to the true control. For the Goal Reminder × True Control comparison, there was an interaction, such that WMC negatively correlated with Stroop errors in the true control, but not in the goal reminder condition. In contrast, for the Nongoal Reminder × True Control comparison, there was only an overall effect of WMC, with greater Stroop errors for those lower in WMC. These data provide evidence that goal reminders eliminate the relationship between WMC and Stroop interference.
Implications of the 21st Century Cures Act in Pediatrics.

* Abbreviations: EHI — : electronic health information EHR — : electronic health record In March 2020, unrelated to but somewhat obscured by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology at the US Department of Health and Human Services announced a new landmark medical information–sharing rule, referred to as the 21st Century Cures Act final rule.1 The rule is complex and governs many facets of health information technology, including electronic health records (EHRs). One aspect, regarding the need for pediatric certification aspects of EHRs, brings a welcome acknowledgment of the unique needs of children. The first part of the rule is currently scheduled to go into effect on April 5, 2021, and has the potential to significantly empower patients and their families and increase their engagement in their own health care; however, there are specific pediatric implications and challenges. The pediatric health care provider community must play a critical role in implementing these rules in a safe and meaningful way for children and their guardians. In brief, the new rules provide a framework to facilitate patient, family, and provider access to medical records, significantly increasing the types of electronic health information (EHI) that must be easily and electronically accessible to patients and guardians and to providers who care for those patients. The rules also require health providers to send this EHI to third-party … Address correspondence to Natalie M. Pageler, MD, Department of Information Services, Stanford Children’s Health, 4100 Bohannon Dr, M/C 5522, Menlo Park, CA 94025. E-mail: npageler{at}stanford.edu
Adversarial Attacks Against LipNet: End-to-End Sentence Level Lipreading

Visual adversarial attacks inspired by Carlini-Wagner targeted audiovisual attacks can fool the state-of-the-art Google DeepMind LipNet model to subtitle anything with over 99% similarity. We explore several methods of visual adversarial attacks, including the vanilla fast gradient sign method (FGSM), the $L_{\infty}$ iterative fast gradient sign method, and the $L_{2}$ modified Carlini-Wagner attacks. The feasibility of these attacks raise privacy and false information threats, as video transcriptions are used to recommend and inform people worldwide and on social media.