cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pseudoaneurysm of pulmonary artery: rare complication of systemic chemotherapy

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon yet fatal clinical entity. Its presentation can mimic a number of common diseases and can be easily missed. As pseudoaneurysm is associated with a number of fatal complications, clinicians should be aware of imaging features which distinguishes pseudoaneurysms from its close differentials. Early recognition and treatment of pseudoaneurysm can prevent fatal outcomes including hemothorax, rupture, or death.
Unrelated donor transplantation over the age of 55. Are we merely getting (b)older

In this issue, Shimoni et al1 report their outcomes with patients older than 55 undergoing allogeneic unrelated donor transplantation for hematologic malignancies. They conclude that, with reduced intensity conditioning, age over 55 no longer represents a contra-indication for unrelated donor transplantation.
MARDIGRAS : a procedure for matrix analysis of relaxation for discerning geometry of an aqueous structure

Abstract An accurate method for estimating distances from the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectrum is described. The method entails a back-calculation of the relaxation matrix from the measured 2D NOE intensity matrix. While a straightforward back-calculation of distances will fail in the absence of all cross- and diagonal-peak intensities, the MARDIGRAS procedure supplements the observed intensities with calculated values from an arbitrary model and is less prone to the mathematical singularities encountered with an incomplete data set. Several model structures were used for generating the initial matrix of intensities for embedding the observed intensities, and the method is found to be relatively insensitive to the model structure.
The Effects of Human versus Computer Authorship on Consumers' Perceptions of Psychological Reports

Abstract This study examined the impact on school personnel of a psychological report purported to have been authored by a computer-based test interpretation (CBTI) system versus a psychologist. Identical reports, differing only in terms of authorship, were rated by school personnel in terms of perceived overall quality, credibility, and diagnostic interpretations. Subjects also indicated how much confidence they had in their evaluations of the psychological report they read. Data analyses indicated that authorship had virtually no effect on subjects' appraisal of the psychological report. The results of this study do not support the concerns of numerous authors who have theorized that report readers might inaccurately attribute an “aura” of scientific accuracy to computer- versus clinician-generated psychological reports. Suggestions for future research are provided.
The influence of oxytocin-induced udder evacuation on milk and butterfat production in a complete lactation.

Summary One set of identical twin cows was observed through two complete lactations and the first 10 weeks of their third lactation. In the first lactation, milk production was extremely low for both mates under like conditions. In the second lactation, one mate was used as a control while oxytocin was administered to the other in amounts varying from 30 to 1.5 I.U. per injection immediately following each regular milking, starting shortly after freshening. The residual milk was then removed. In the third lactation the mates were reversed as control and experimental subjects. In the second lactation, the experimental animal produced 5.7 times as much milk and 5.6 times as much butterfat as her mate. In the third lactation, the experimental animal again out-produced the control in the first 10 weeks in approximately the same manner as in the second lactation. Oxytocin appeared to be quite effective in amounts down to 1.5 I.U. per injection based on the early assay, although fright or excitement raised the threshold level to more than four times this amount, as noted by lacks of response to repeated injections on certain occasions. The exact mechanism whereby this increase in milk production was brought about is unknown. Not only did the complete ejection of milk from the mammary gland allow for the maximum space for accumulation of milk before secretory pressures were balanced by intra-alveolar pressures; it appeared to be stimulatory beyond the space factor alone.
Feared, Forgotten, or Forbidden: Sexual orientation topics in secondary teacher preparation programs in the USA

This study examined the coverage of sexual orientation topics within 77 public university secondary teacher preparation programs across seven US states, and represented programs preparing 8,300–11,500 teachers annually. Findings indicated that 40% of programs did not address sexual orientation as a diversity topic. Further, even programs that did address sexual orientation tended to abandon the topic in practica courses, perhaps limiting students’ abilities to apply the information to practice. Further findings outlined the types of sexual orientation topics covered in programs and the challenges to addressing sexual orientation topics as reported by coordinators. Conclusions suggest that secondary teacher programs may passively sustain homophobic and heterosexist school cultures through the omission of sexual orientation topics.
Religiousness as a Predictor of Academic Performance among High-school Students

Although efforts to improve academic performance previously have focused on school reform, conditions outside school hold the key to increasing our children's academic achievement. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the relationship between religiousness and academic achievement and (2) to develop a general model that can be generalizable across various ethnic groups. The data from the first follow-up (1990) and second follow-up (1992) of the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) were utilized in this study. Hierarchical regression and path analysis were employed. The result of the analysis shows that religiousness has a significant impact on academic achievement even though socioeconomic status is accounted for in advance in the analysis model. In the general model for various ethnic groups, student academic performance is determined by religiousness, socioeconomic status, locus of control, and strict parenting. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Search for neutrinoless τ decays involving the KS 0 meson

We have searched for lepton flavor violating decays of the tau lepton with one or two KS0 mesons in the final state. The data used in the search were collected with the CLEO II and II.V detectors at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 13.9 fb^-1 at the Upsilon(4S) resonance. No evidence for signals were found, therefore we have set 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the branching fractions B(tau -> e KS0) mu KS0) e 2KS0) mu 2KS0) < 3.4e-6. These represent significantly improved upper limits on the two-body decays and first upper limits on the three-body decays.
The hand of two -toed sloths (Choloepus): Its anatomy and potential uses relative to size of support.

Hands of two-toed sloths (Choloepus) are long, narrow, hook-like apparatuses with only two functional digits (II and III); rays I and IV are represented only by metacarpals. The proximal phalanges of digits II and III are shortened to essentially proximal and distal articulating surfaces, and all but distal interphalangeal joints of these digits are restricted by interlocking surfaces to minimal ranges of flexion and extension. Several intercarpal joints and the wrist joint, however, allow wide ranges of movement in several axes. Wide excursion at the wrist is permitted by an extremely lax joint capsule, the manner of insertion of several prime movers of the carpus, and the reduced participation of the ulna in the wrist joint. Several extrinsic digital muscles, particularly extensors, are absent and others have unusual actions. Intrinsic musculature consists primarily of mm. interossei and m. extensor digitorum brevis, although other, inconstant muscles do occur. Hands of Choloepus are used as flexible hooks on supports less than 52 mm in diameter and as fixed grapnels on larger supports. In both cases, distal phalanges (and covering claws) form the “hook” element. Whereas bare volar pads seem to be adjunctive on supports smaller than 52 mm in diameter, they are essential on those larger than 65 mm. Two-toed sloths may prefer supports 50 mm in diameter or smaller. The potential importance of vines as supports is discussed.
Radial flow in 40Ar+45Sc reactions at E=35-115 MeV/nucleon.

Collective radial flow of light fragments from {sup 40}Ar+{sup 45}Sc reactions at beam energies between 35 and 115 MeV/nucleon has been investigated using the Michigan State University 4{pi} Array. The mean transverse kinetic energy {l_angle}{ital E}{sub {ital t}}{r_angle} of the different fragment types increases with event centrality and increases as a function of the incident beam energy. Comparison of our measured values of {l_angle}{ital E}{sub {ital t}}{r_angle} shows agreement with predictions of Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model and WIX multifragmentation model calculations. The radial flow extracted from {l_angle}{ital E}{sub {ital t}}{r_angle} accounts for approximately half of the emitted particle{close_quote}s energy for the heavier fragments ({ital Z}{ge}4) at the highest beam energy studied. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Organization Structure and Administrative Control: A Question of Dimensionality

A large, diverse sample of national firms was used to investigate the relationship between specialization, formalization, and centralization in the functional work unit. A finding was that the three variables compose a single dimension of organizational structure. Another finding was that, within this dimension, specialization, formalization, and centralization were negatively related; this indicates that these are alternative mechanisms for achieving administrative control. The findings are discussed in the light of previous research in the area and the implications for practicing managers.
Propriétés de convexité du type deWeyl pour des problèmes de vibration ou d'équilibre

General inequalities of type (5) for eigen values were established as early as 1912 byH. Weyl [11] through consideration of integral equations; he used them for studying the asymptotic behaviour of λn whenn→∞. These inequalities seem to have been forgotten, as some of them were independently re-discovered by several authors (see [4], p. 314 and [10], pp. 483–484). —Such inequalities are here derived and applied in various ways to special problems (vibrating strings, rods, membranes and plates). Explicit lower bounds for λ1 are obtained in a somewhat similar manner in terms of theGreen's function. ForSchrodinger's equation (15′), the very simple inequalities (17′) are found. Analogous inequalities are established for a class of equilibrium problems. Many of the inequalities thus obtained express convexity properties (cf. thePost-scriptum above and the paper byPolya andSchiffer quoted there).
Classroom Cops, What Do the Students Think? A Case Study of Student Perceptions of School Police and Security Officers Conducted in an Hispanic Community:

Although the number of police officers serving in schools has escalated in recent years, few studies of student perceptions of school police have been conducted. This study presents an analysis of data on student perceptions of school police officers and school security officers which were obtained from surveys administered to a sample of predominantly Hispanic students who reside in a predominantly Hispanic community. Descriptive analyses of the data show that the majority of students view the officers favourably, but comparisons of the present findings with previously published research on adult perceptions of the police indicate that the percentage of students who view the officers favourably is lower than the percentage of adults who view the police favourably. Regression analyses of the data indicate that gender has a varying impact on different measures of attitudes toward the officers, that year in school has no impact on perceptions of the officers and that personal knowledge of crime and delinque...
Myra E. Levine: a theoretic basis for ET nursing

ET nursing is a challenging specialty that requires exact knowledge, complex skills, and a holistic approach to patients with wound, ostomy and continence problems. Myra E. Levine's conceptual framework for nursing practice is described and applied to ET specialty practice nursing. Examples of Levine's four conservation principles-energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity-are integrated into the nursing care of patients' wound, ostomy, and continence problems.
Sodium lactate elicits anxiety in rats after repeated GABA receptor blockade in the basolateral amygdala

Abstract Repeated administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala at doses subthreshold to eliciting a full response will eventually produce long-term ‘priming’, such that heart rate, blood pressure as well as anxiety are increased at the lower doses. The present study was conducted in order to determine if the long-term priming of anxiety within the basolateral nucleus is producing a condition similar to that seen in human panic disorder by testing the response elicited by i.v. lactate infusions, since lactate infusions induce a panic attack in patients with panic disorder. Male Wistar rats were fitted with femoral arterial and venous catheters and chronic microinjection cannulae into the basolateral nucleus. Repeated daily injections of a subthreshold dose of bicuculline methiodide into the basolateral nucleus for 4–5 days elicited a primed response, while the same procedure with artificial cerebrospinal fluid vehicle (a-CSF; sham-primed) had no effect. Following priming, rats received both sodium lactate infusions (0.5 N, 10 ml/kg) or 0.9% saline in a random order separated by 48 h. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored throughout the infusion and the animals were immediately placed in the social interaction test to assess their anxiety response. Only primed and not sham-primed rats responded to a lactate infusion with significant increases in heart rate, blood pressure and experimental anxiety. Thus, rats which are primed with chronic subthreshold GABA receptor blockade in the basolateral nucleus develop a sensitivity to sodium lactate, similar to human panic disorder patients.
Assessment of Competency to Stand Trial in Individuals with Mental Retardation

The basic components of the legal standard for competency to stand trial inherently emphasize the importance of cognitive capacities. However, extant research reflects that forensic evaluators specifically attend to cognitive limitations less frequently than to other factors, such as psychopathology, in their assessments. In addition, individuals with mental retardation are frequently under-identified within the criminal justice system and are more likely to be referred for competency evaluations if they have an accompanying psychiatric illness. However, individuals with mental retardation present with a unique set of characteristics that may impair their competency to stand trial, even without symptoms of mental illness. This case report highlights the specific impairments in individuals with mental retardation and discusses possible implications of those impairments on their competency to stand trial. In addition, this article offers suggestions about how to communicate the impact of those factors in a forensic evaluation.
Effects of Unilateral Torsion of the Spermatic Cord on the Contralateral Testis in Human and Guinea Pig

The fine structure of the contralateral, so-called unaffected, testis of two of three patients with unilateral testicular torsion revealed varying degrees of abnormalities, apparently related to the time course of the condition. In one patient (H-87) with unilateral torsion of 16 days duration, the contralateral testis revealed various morphological abnormalities. These included abnormal nuclear condensation in spermatids, disappearance of the inner component of the basal lamina, degeneration of the germinal epithelium, and “intermixing” of germinal epithelial cells with peritubular components. In the other patient (H-109) with severe atrophy of one testis as a result of torsion, the contralateral testis revealed abnormalities which included spermatids with degenerating heads and tails within the Sertoli cell cytoplasm near the basal lamina and peritubular thickening accompanied by a greater than usual number of Leydig cells. In guinea pigs with experimentally induced unilateral torsion, abnormal spermati...
Heat, light and relativity

In this paper I argue that because we always observe nature through some spatial-temporal averaging operation we must interpret all observed statistical covariances of velocities and gradients as partial time derivatives. Systematic application of this result leads to a new interpretation of the radiation wave equation in whichc2 measures the statistical variance of velocity. The Galilean invariance ofc2 is then automatic. These results enable us to recast the Einstein-Minkowski space-time formalism within the framework of classical statistical mechanics. However, the Einstein work-energy relation and the constancy of the speed of light appear as equivalent approximations which become exact only in the adiabatic limit.
Characterization of carbon nanotube nanoswitches with gigahertz resonance frequency and low pull-in voltages using electrostatic force microscopy

An electrostatic force microscope (EFM) was used to characterize single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based nanoswitches in this paper. A conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip acted as a mechanical probe as well as a positioning electrode in the experiment. The resonance frequency of the SWNT beams was computed from the measured SWNTs' dimension and spring constant. The pull-in voltages and the corresponding gaps were extracted simultaneously from a set of force curves at different EFM probe bias voltages. The adhesive force between the AFM tip and the SWNT beam was measured through the analysis of retract force curves. The relationship between the pull-in voltage and the SWNT nanoswitch gap was in agreement with the electrostatic pull-in theory. Long-range forces such as meniscus force or electrostatic force from surface charges engaged the SWNT beam when the gap was below 6 nm in atmosphere. The SWNT beam with a resonance frequency of 1.1 GHz was actuated by a voltage of 2 V for a gap of 6.5 nm. The average adhesive force between an SWNT beam and a platinum/iridium (PtIr5)-coated tip was found to be about 50 nN. Considering the stiffness of the 1.1 GHz SWNT beam, the elastic restoring force at 6.5 nm exceeds 53 nN, which will overcome the adhesive force and release the 1.1 GHz SWNT beam. Finally, some possible approaches to further improve the behavior of SWNT nanoswitches are discussed.
The representation of derivable information in memory: when what might have been left unsaid is said

It is now widely accepted that natural language comprehension is a constructive process. Information in discourse interacts with a variety of impinging contextual factors (including, most prominently, the comprehender's pre-existing knowledge) in an active, creative process that results in understandings not derivable by any solely linguistic or logical analysis (c.f., Bransford & McCarrell, 1975; Spiro, 1977, in press). Acceptance of the constructive view of comprehension entails a concomitant delimitation of the range of possible theories of mental representation. Knowledge structures must possess some capability for detecting the pragmatic, as well as logical, implications of the incomplete data contained in discourse (c.f., Charniak, 1974; Mlnsky, 1975; Rumelhart & Ortony, 1977; Schank & Abelson, 1977). In other words, knowledge structures must contain considerable information about the way the world usually works. This characteristic of representation is useful and efficient because natural and social contexts do produce sufficient constraints on worldly events and ideas as to make them, to a limited extent, orderly and predictable.
Salt-taste responsivity in Long-Evans rats and Egyptian spiny mice treated with hydrochlorothiazide

Sodium chloride (NaCl) consumption (3 × 10−1 M) by and NaCl and potassium chloride (KCl) preferences of Long-Evans rats and Egyptian spiny mice were assessed prior to, during, and after maintenance on hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or control procedures. The rats demonstrated increased sodium salt consumption and lowered NaCl preference thresholds and similar, although less robust, changes were observed for the spiny mice. No changes in salt-taste sensitivity were observed for the control animals.
Selfish misbehavior detection in 802.11 based wireless networks: An adaptive approach based on Markov decision process

The open and distributed nature of the IEEE 802.11 based wireless networks provides selfish users the opportunity to to gain an unfair share of the network throughput by manipulating the protocol parameters, say, using a smaller contention window. In this paper, we propose an adaptive approach for real-time detection of such selfish misbehavior. An adaptive detector is necessary in practice, as it needs to deal with different misbehaving scenarios where the number of selfish users and the contention windows exploited by each selfish user are different. In this paper, we first design a basic misbehavior detector based on the non-parametric cumulative sum (CUSUM) test. While the basic detector can be modeled with a Markov chain, we further resort to the Markov decision process (MDP) technique to enhance the basic detector to an adaptive design. In particular, we develop a novel reward function based on which the optimal policy of the MDP can be determined. The optimal policy indicates how the adaptive detector should operate at each state. Another important feature of our detector is that it enables an effective iterative method to detect multiple misbehaving nodes. We present thorough simulation results to confirm the accuracy of our analysis, and demonstrate the efficiency of the adaptive detector compared to a static solution.
Modeling integrated lane-changing behavior

The lane-changing model is an important component within microscopic traffic simulation tools. Following the emergence of these tools in recent years, interest in the development of more reliable lane-changing models has increased. Lane-changing behavior is also important in several other applications such as capacity analysis and safety studies. Lane-changing behavior is usually modeled in two steps: (a) the decision to consider a lane change, and (b) the decision to execute the lane change. In most models, lane changes are classified as either mandatory (MLC) or discretionary (DLC). MLC are performed when the driver must leave the current lane. DLC are performed to improve driving conditions. Gap acceptance models are used to model the execution of lane changes. The classification of lane changes as either mandatory or discretionary prohibits capturing trade-offs between these considerations. The result is a rigid behavioral structure that does not permit, for example, overtaking when mandatory considerations are active. Using these models within a microsimulator may result in unrealistic traffic flow characteristics. In addition, little empirical work has been done to rigorously estimate the parameters of lane-changing models. An integrated lane-changing model, which allows drivers to jointly consider mandatory and discretionary considerations, is presented. Parameters of the model are estimated with detailed vehicle trajectory data.
Prevention of communication problems associated with cleft palate

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to review principles of presentative intervention and their application to communication problems associated with cleft palate. Ten specific suggestions and activities are described.
Urban Leakage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Its Impact on Mexico City Air Quality

Alkane hydrocarbons (propane, isobutane, and n-butane) from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are present in major quantities throughout Mexico City air because of leakage of the unburned gas from numerous urban sources. These hydrocarbons, together with olefinic minor LPG components, furnish substantial amounts of hydroxyl radical reactivity, a major precursor to formation of the ozone component of urban smog. The combined processes of unburned leakage and incomplete combustion of LPG play a significant role in causing the excessive ozone characteristic of Mexico City. Reductions in ozone levels should be possible through changes in LPG composition and lowered rates of leakage.
Photosynthetic carbon from algal symbionts peaks during the latter stages of embryonic development in the salamander Ambystoma maculatum

It was recently discovered that symbiotic algae in the eggs of the salamander Ambystoma maculatum translocate fixed carbon from photosynthesis to developing embryos. Fixed carbon translocation was shown in embryos at one time point during development, however, it was unknown if fixed carbon translocation occurs throughout all developmental stages. In this study, fixed carbon translocation was measured in salamander eggs at six time points over the latter half of development. Fixed carbon translocation did not occur until the middle tailbud portion of development (stages 26–30), and translocation was measured in 20% or less of eggs sampled. Peak carbon translocation occurred during the late tailbud phase of development (stages 31–35), where as much as 87% of eggs sampled showed translocation, and average percent translocation was 6.5%. During the final stages of development, fixed carbon translocation declined, and translocation was not detected in embryos five days prior to hatching. The onset of fixed carbon translocation from Oophila to A. maculatum embryos during the second half of embryonic development is likely due to the corresponding settlement and concentration of Oophila in the inner egg envelope. In addition, carbon translocation ceases in late stage embryos as the inner egg envelope thins and ruptures in preparation for hatching.
RESPIRATION OF A VERTICALLY MIGRATING MARINE CRUSTACEAN EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA HANSEN1

Results from acclimation experiments and experiments performed on freshly caught specimens indicated that Euphausia pacifica is adapted to temperatures between 5–10C off Oregon, but not to 15C. The temperature range common to Oregon waters through all seasons is about 5–10C, while 15C water is found only at the surface in summer. Animals migrating to 600 m (around 5C) apparently exhibit slightly lower respiratory rates at all temperatures encountered than animals migrating to 250 m or less (around 10C). Deep-migrating animals may compensate for temperatures around 15C. Euphausiids descending to 250 m or less make up the bulk of the population and apparently compensate very little for temperatures around 15C. A temporal and spatial picture of euphausiid respiration off Oregon is presented that may be applicable in energy transfer studies.
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Radiation from Gap-Type Spark Discharges on Electric Power Distribution Lines

This paper describes the measured properties of the electromagnetic radiation from gap-type electrical discharges which occur on distribution lines and discusses some of the factors which affect these emissions. A discussion is given of the methods by which these waves are generated, of the measurement techniques, and the findings of this investigation.
Non-Ising-like effects in the liquid-vapor transition: Equations of state

A Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson model is derived for a single-component fluid whose particles interact via a two-body potential. The effective Hamiltonian contains both even and odd powers in the order parameter (local fluid density). We study the effect of quintic interactions absent in the Ising model, and characterized by a new exponent ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{5}$, on various singular thermodynamic functions near the critical point. Mean-field, scaling, and renormalization-group (in $d=4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions) theories are used to evaluate the non-Ising effects due to ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{5}$. One of the main results of the asymmetry in this model is that it produces the leading singularity of the liquid-vapor coexistence diameter near the critical point: ${|t|}^{\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{5}}$, where $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is the usual order-parameter exponent and $t$ is the reduced tem$\stackrel{\mathrm{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}}{\mathrm{p}}$erature. The singularity ${|t|}^{1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$ being the specific heat exponent) predicted by earlier phenomenological theories is not present in this theory. The problems associated with observing the non-Ising effects are briefly discussed.
Behavior of the elastic properties near an intermediate phase transition in Ni2MnGa.

An ultrasonic pulse echo technique was employed to measure the single-crystal elastic constants and their temperature dependence in the vicinity of an intermediate phase transition at 265 K in a ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$MnGa single crystal. The measured elastic constants at 300 K (in units of ${10}^{11}$ dyn/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) are as follows: ${\mathit{C}}_{44}$=10.3, ${\mathit{C}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=0.445, and ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{L}}$=25.0, where ${\mathit{C}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$=1/2(${\mathit{C}}_{11}$-${\mathit{C}}_{12}$) and ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{L}}$=1/2(${\mathit{C}}_{11}$+${\mathit{C}}_{12}$+2${\mathit{C}}_{44}$). The present ultrasonic results differ from a earlier ultrasonic study and provide the first direct determination of the elastic constant ${\mathit{C}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. All three elastic constants soften as the premartensitic transformation temperature is approached, and the ultrasonic attenuation also increases dramatically as the intermediate phase transition is approached. The behavior of the elastic constants and the ultrasonic attenuation is consistent with inelastic neutron-scattering results and confirms the existence of the intermediate phase. The ultrasonic results are compared with the neutron data, with earlier ultrasonic results in ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$MnGa, and with studies of the martensitic phase transition in NiAl alloys. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Primary and secondary pyroelectricity in proper and improper ferroelec

Abstract Primary and secondary components of the total pyroelectricity have been separated for a number of proper and improper ferroelectrics, polar nonferroelectrics, and II-VI semiconductor family materials. The relation p/k3/4 ≃ 3x10−9 C/cm2° K holds for TGS, doped TGS, and the solid solution series of the TGS family.
Microindentation fracture behavior of laser surface modified alumina ceramic

A high energy density continuous wave Nd:YAG laser is used for modifying the surfaces of porous alumina ceramic compacts. The increased fracture toughness of the modified surface region at higher laser fluences is associated with increased densification and coarsening of grains in the resolidified layer. The coarsening of grains offers increased resistance to the initiation and propagation of indentation cracks, as indicated by the transition in the fracture mode from predominantly mixed to predominantly intergranular with increasing laser fluence.
Associations Between Individual and Family Level Characteristics and Parenting Practices in Incarcerated African American Fathers

We investigated the reported parenting practices of fifty incarcerated African American fathers. Fathers were interviewed using hypothetical vignettes adapted from the Parenting Dimensions Inventory (PDI) and received scores on two parenting practices: responsive and restrictive. Father’s individual level (education and length of time spent incarcerated) and family level (number of relationships that have borne children) characteristics were significantly associated with their parenting practices. Based on canonical correlation analysis, on function one, responsive parenting was positively associated with education level and negatively associated with both cumulative incarceration time and more numerous partner fertility. Restrictive parenting was negatively associated with education level and positively associated with both cumulative incarceration time and more numerous partner fertility. Function 2 capitalized on variance in the restrictive parenting predictor that was not utilized in function 1, and likely captured lack of opportunity to parent. On function 2, restrictive parenting was negatively associated with cumulative time spent incarcerated and more numerous partner fertility. In all, results suggest that prison-based education programs should be part of an overall response to incarcerated fathers. These results add to the growing body of research on incarcerated fathers and fragile families.
Factors affecting fuelwood consumption in household cookstoves in an isolated rural West African village

Abstract This study examines the factors that affect fuelwood consumption in cookstoves and estimates fuelwood consumption associated with the use of cookstoves in a rural isolated West African village with a population of 770. Five primary applications of cookstoves were identified: cooking meals, heating water for washing, roasting peanuts, making medicine, and steeping tea. Six factors were identified that significantly impacted cooking energy use: the type of cookstove application, family size, total mass of wet and dry ingredients, mass of dry ingredients, the use of burning embers as an igniter, and the number of fires used during a cooking event. Annual village fuelwood use for all cookstove applications was 234 metric tons; cooking meals and heating water accounted for 65% and 27% of this fuelwood use, respectively. Fuelwood consumption per person was strongly linked with family size. As family size increased from five to 20 members, fuelwood consumption decreased from 20.6 MJ cap −1 day −1 to 10.5 MJ cap −1 day −1 .
A numerical study of wind-induced tower vibrations

Abstract The application of the finite element method for the analysis of wind-induced tower vibrations is presented and discussed. In this study simulated wind forcing functions were applied to a 3-D model of an existing illumination tower, and its response was studied under various loading conditions. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental data for evaluating the accuracy of this approach.
Observers' Inferences As A Function of Observers' Set, Situational Cues, and Actor's Behavior

Observers either received Bem's (1965) instructions or not and read a description of an actor's compliance with either a discrepant or consonant essay request for either $.50 or $4.50. The three-way interaction indicated that observers receiving Bem's instructions discriminated actor's attitude as a function of both essay position and incentive cues, while in the absence of Bem's instructions incentive magnitude had no effect on observers' inferences. Since all observers perceived the general relationship between incentive and compliance, Bem's instructions may increase the salience of situational cues for observers in line with the implications of Jones & Nisbett (1972) and Storms (1973).
Involvement of SecDF and YidC in the membrane insertion of M13 procoat mutants

The M13 phage Procoat protein is one of the best characterized substrates for the novel YidC pathway. It inserts into the membrane independent of the SecYEG complex but requires the 60 kDa YidC protein. Mutant Procoat proteins with alterations in the periplasmic region had been found to require SecYEG and YidC. In this report, we show that the membrane insertion of these mutants also strongly depends on SecDF that bridges SecYEG to YidC. In a cold-sensitive mutant of YidC, the Sec-dependent function of YidC is strongly impaired. We find that specifically the SecDF-dependent mutants are inhibited in the cold-sensitive YidC strain. Finally, we find that subtle changes in the periplasmic loop such as the number and location of negatively charged residues and the length of the periplasmic loop can make the Procoat strictly Sec-dependent. In addition, we successfully converted Sec-independent Pf3 coat into a Sec-dependent protein by changing the location of a negatively charged residue in the periplasmic tail. Protease mapping of Pf3 coat shows that the insertion-arrested proteins that accumulate in the YidC- or in the SecDF-deficient strains are not translocated. Taken together, the data suggest that the Sec-dependent mutants insert at the interface of YidC and the translocon with SecDF assisting in the translocation step in vivo.
NIST standard reference materials (SRMs) for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) determinations and their applicability to toxaphene measurements

Abstract In the past five years the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed several Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to assist in the validation of measurements of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and chlorinated pesticides in environmental samples. The following natural matrix SRMs have been issued: SRM 1588, Organics in Cod Liver Oil; SRM 1939, PCB Congeners in River Sediment; SRM 1941, Organics in Marine Sediment; SRM 1974, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis); and SRM 1945, Whale Blubber. All of these SRMs have been analyzed for selected PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides, and three of these materials (SRMs 1939, 1941, and 1974) have also been analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In 1982, SRM 1649, Urban Dust/Organics, was issued with certified concentrations for selected PAHs. Recently, SRM 1649 has been analyzed for selected PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides. Toxaphene measurements have not been made at NIST for these SRMs; however, these SRMs represent the environmental matrices that are typically analyzed for toxaphene. Recommended values for toxaphene concentrations could be established on any of these materials through interlaboratory comparison exercises involving laboratories experienced in making toxaphene measurements. In this paper we describe these SRMs and discuss their suitability as potential reference materials for toxaphene measurements.
Using non-linear methods to search for risk premia in currency futures

Abstract This paper uses currency futures prices to test the joint null hypotheses of rational expectations and absence of a time-varying risk premium in the foreign exchange market. We find no linear predictability in the logarithm of futures price changes, either using its own past or past interest differentials. Also we establish that there is no non-linear predictability in log price changes, conditioning on its own past, or past interest rate differentials. Thus, if a time-varying risk premium exists in currency futures market, it is not related to its own past or past interest rate differentials.
Accelerated rejection of male skin isografts by female C57BL mice infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (B.C.G.).

SummaryAccelerated rejection of male skin isografts by B.C.G. infected female C57 BL mice was demonstrated. Skin was grafted 2 weeks following intravenous or intracutaneous injection of 1 mg B.C.G. This accelerated rejection was compared to previously reported inhibition of tumor growth in B.C.G. infected mice. Whereas it is not known at what phase of the rejection mechanism B.C.G. exerts its influence, it now appears likely that increased resistance to the grafted tissue is in both instances mediated by a heightened immune response.
Magnetic structure and crystal-field levels in PrAg

Neutron scattering experiments have been performed on polycrystalline samples of PrAg (CsCl structure) to determine the magnetic structure at low temperature and the energy separation of the crystal-field levels. At 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K PrAg becomes antiferromagnetic with the ($\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}0$) structure. This consists of ferromagnetic (110) planes coupled antiferromagnetically. Ordered moments of (2.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathrm{B}}$/(Pr atom) lie in the (001) planes. The crystal-field energy levels in PrAg have been measured directly with neutron spectroscopy at 5, 78, and 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The measurements indicate that the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5}$ level is the ground state. The over-all splitting is \ensuremath{\sim} 20 meV and the crystal-field parameters $W$ and $x$ are ---0.37 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02 meV and ---1.00 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.01, respectively. A calculation based on a first- and second-neighbor point-charge model with neutral Ag ions and tripositive Pr ions gives reasonable agreement with the experimental parameters. The linewidths of the crystal-field transitions are observed to be very broad (full widths at half-maximum are \ensuremath{\sim} 11 meV at 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K). A simple Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) model has been used to explain these widths, which are at least a factor of 2 larger than observed, for example, in the praseodymium monopnictides.
CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA : VI. STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF THE ENZYMES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PURIFIED VIRUS.

Purified elementary bodies of vaccinia have been tested with a variety of substrates and found to possess phosphatase, catalase, and lipase activity. Tests for malate, succinate, pyruvate, and lactate dehydrogenases were negative. Interpretation of these results is complicated by the observation that elementary bodies of vaccinia adsorb relatively large quantities of certain enzymes from dilute solutions. These enzymes are not eluted by procedures of washing and centrifuging similar to those carried out in the preparation of the virus. For this reason, the presence of phosphatase, catalase, and lipase in the purified virus may well be accounted for on the basis of adsorption from the host tissues which are known to be rich in these particular enzymes. That some degree of specificity in this adsorption is to be recognized is shown by the failure of the virus to adsorb urease, an enzyme of vegetable origin. Until some method can be devised which will distinguish between the enzymes of the host cell and those which may be integral parts of the virus it would seem that the problem of the enzyme constituents of vaccine virus is incapable of definite solution.
Quantifying trade-offs between pest sampling time and precision in commercial IPM sampling programs.

Abstract A key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in agricultural systems is field monitoring for pests prior to reaching a management decision. The study objective was to quantify a common design constraint of commercial IPM sampling programs: the trade-off between sampling time and accuracy of the resulting pest management decision. Using consperse stink bug ( Euschistus conspersus Uhler) in processing tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), this paper develops a sample size model based on pest spatial distribution and response from a pest control advisor survey. Results identify a gap between pest sampling programs developed by University researchers and sampling methods adopted at the commercial field level. The sample size model permits variation in pest treatment thresholds and treatment decision accuracy. Conclusions support use of this model to satisfy commercial time constraints while maintaining a reliable level of sampling precision. This study introduces a novel approach to transferring IPM sampling programs from University research to commercial field adoption.
Suck-ligate-unroof-biopsy by using a detachable 20-mm loop for the diagnosis and therapy of small subepithelial tumors (with video).

Background The diagnosis and therapy of subepithelial tumors (SETs) can be challenging. Objective Proof-of-concept evaluation of the suck-ligate-unroof-biopsy (SLUB) technique for small ( Design Pilot feasibility study. Setting Tertiary-care referral center. Patients Twenty-three patients (median age 60 years) meeting the inclusion criteria after preliminary EUS. Intervention SET ligation was performed with a detachable 20-mm loop deployed through an 18-mm diameter, soft, oblique, transparent, cap attachment. The SLUB technique comprised (1) suction to draw the SET into the cap; (2) ligation below the SET, confirmation by repeat EUS; (3) unroofing of the overlying mucosa with a needle-knife; and (4) biopsy specimens taken from the exposed tumor. Main Outcome Measurements Technical success, histology and/or immunohistochemistry yield, adverse events, completeness of resection. Results SLUB was attempted on 24 SETs and was technically successful in all. Location was the stomach (n = 19), small bowel (n = 1), colon (n = 2), and rectum (n = 2). Median size by EUS was 10 mm (range 6-15 mm). Biopsy specimens provided an immunohistologic diagnosis in all cases: GI stromal tumor (n = 5), leiomyoma (n = 8), carcinoid tumor (n = 5), Vanek's tumor (n = 2), granuloma (n =1), and pancreatic heterotopia (n = 3). Follow-up endoscopy and EUS in 13 patients showed well-healed scars with no residual tumor, including all 9 patients with premalignant neoplastic lesions. The only adverse event was self-limited pain in 2 patients. Limitations Single center, single operator, small sample size. Conclusions Loop ligation of small, non-pedunculated SETs is feasible by using a cap attachment for suction. Unroofing after ligation is safe and provides sufficient tissue for immunohistochemistry. Ligation combined with unroofing appears to lead to complete ablation by ischemia and tumor enucleation.
Analytical simulation models for solar heating system design

Abstract Presented here is a method of simulating the performance of solar heating systems which can be incorporated into a microcomputer-based system design and sizing procedure. A general analytical solution to the storage energy balance is presented, and a scheme for varying the parameters of the general solution to represent changes in the operating mode and the driving forces is detailed. Three different simulation methods which employ the general solution are described. Two of these methods use hourly data and the third uses daily data. Measured results from an actual system are compared with simulated results to validate the models. Also, simulated results and computing speeds are compared with the general simulation model TRNSYS. Finally, an example of a microcomputer application is discussed.
Models of Psychotherapy: Implications for Pastoral Care Practice

Pastoral care givers are called to provide care and counseling to parishioners that are suffering in many ways. A core question is what does a pastor rely on to provide this care? Pastors usually call on models of psychotherapy to inform their care giving. A framework of theological anthropology, cosmology, soteriology and harmatiology is developed for analyzing the worldviews inherent in models of psychotherapy. The specific models of Adler’s Individual Psychology, Narrative therapy, Horney’s personality theory, and Intersubjective theory are used to demonstrate the application of this framework. Several pastoral care implications are developed following the application of the framework.