cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative serum binding, distribution and excretion of tetracycline and a new analogue, methacycline.

SummaryThe absorption, distribution, excretion, and serum binding of tetracycline and methacycline, a new analogue, have been compared. The higher and more sustained levels of the latter drug noted after oral and intravenous administration in man appear to be due to delayed renal excretion and more limited distribution rather than to enhanced gastrointestinal absorption. These differences are thought to be a reflection of greater serum binding of methacycline.
A hybrid natural/artificial electrostatic actuator for tactile stimulation

Two modes of tactile communication have been previously explored-electrocutaneous and electrostatic. The electrostatic mode has the significant advantage of not passing electrical current into tissue to effect stimulation of afferent touch nerves. In previous research, we microfabricated electrostatic tactile displays on a 4-inch wafer using standard clean room processing. Tactile perception studies performed on those showed that subjects could discriminate simple spatial geometric patterns. The focus of the current work is to develop a better understanding of the basic mechanism of perception (activation of receptors) during electrostatic stimulation at the skin-display interface. Three displays were constructed with polyimide (PI) dielectric layers of varying thickness. Studies were performed on human subjects to determine the dependence of threshold of sensation on the PI thickness using both the method of limits and two-alternate forced-choice techniques. The theoretical model for the behavior of the interface (a parallel-plate capacitor) suggests a linear relationship between voltage and dielectric thickness. However, our results indicate that the thickness has little or no effect on the threshold. The results are promising in that they may provide an indirect estimate of the depth of the subcutaneous conductive layer of the skin, and a better understanding of the interface.
Early Prediction of Initiation of Abstinence from Cocaine: Use of a Craving Questionnaire

The authors administered a five-item craving questionnaire daily to 86 outpatients to determine whether initial craving scores predicted the likelihood of initiation of abstinence within a 30-day period. Patients with higher mean craving scores during the first 3 days of the study were less likely to initiate abstinence. However the relationship between craving and abstinence initiation was not linear. Rather, patients in the top quartile of craving scores were significantly less likely to abstain than were patients in the lower three quartiles. The findings suggest that this rapid, easily administered craving questionnaire may have short-term predictive validity.
The Significance of Transepithelial Elimination in Dermatologic Surgery

Transepithelial elimination (TE) was found to be an important physiologic mechanism of riding the skin of foreign material introduced during cutaneous surgery, as evidenced in the histologic examination of reexcision specimens. Thus, TE of suture material, Monsel's granulomas, and starch granules are pictorially documented in several brief case reports.
Use of laryngeal mask airway compared to endotracheal tube with positive-pressure ventilation in anesthetized swine.

Abstract Objective To compare the ease of placement and ventilatory parameters of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with an endotracheal tube (ETT) in anesthetized swine during positive-pressure ventilation (PPV). Study design Prospective, randomized, experimental trial. Animals Nine young domestic swine, weighing between 40 and 49 kg (mean 45.1 kg), being used for a separate terminal surgical study. Methods The pigs were immobilized with tiletamine/zolazepam, 2.7–3.6 mg kg−1, intramuscularly, followed by isoflurane in oxygen delivered by facemask. The lungs were mechanically ventilated through an ETT or an LMA, in random order, during the anesthetic period. Positive-pressure ventilation was adjusted to maintain end-tidal CO2 (P e ′CO2) between 35 and 45 mmHg, with peak inspiratory pressure (Pinsp) of 15–23 cmH2O. Buprenorphine, 0.3 mg intramuscularly, was given to each pig after instrumentation. Isoflurane vaporizer settings were adjusted to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia. Respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), minute volume ( V ˙ E ), and P e ′CO2 were measured and recorded at 5-minute intervals. After the collection of 1 hour of data, the alternate airway was placed. Swine were given at least 30 minutes to stabilize and another hour of data were recorded. At the time of airway placement, the ease of placement was assessed based on time and the number of personnel required. Data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test where appropriate. Results Laryngeal mask airways were significantly easier to place than ETT. Values for VT and V ˙ E were not significantly different between treatments. Peak inspiratory pressures were higher in ETT-ventilated swine. Conclusions and clinical relevance An LMA may be used as an alternative to an ETT in mechanically-ventilated anesthetized swine. Use of an LMA may reduce time and personnel required for placement of an airway.
CNS requirements for precision flight in advanced terminal airspace

The capacity of the United States' National Airspace System (NAS) must double to handle the passenger demands that are projected over the next 25 years. NASA initiated the Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation (VAMS) Project in 2002 with participants, including members from industry, government, and academia to develop and share ideas on revolutionary concepts to meet the future demand. The constraints in the terminal area domain are the focus of Raytheon's VAMS concept, terminal area capacity enhancement concept (TACEC). TACEC envisions a high level of automation and synchronization, generating optimized 4D flight profiles to land/depart multiple aircraft "simultaneously" on closely spaced parallel runways. Implementation requires infrastructure improvements such as highly automated guidance and scheduling systems, timely data link, improved surveillance, and improved onboard navigation systems. This paper discusses the guidance and scheduling systems required to pair the aircraft for simultaneous landing. Performance required by the autopilot/navigation system to maintain control necessary for formation flight onto closely spaced parallel runways, data link and surveillance requirements are also addressed
Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR-2) gene is associated with decreased risk and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder in women.

BACKGROUND: The corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) system has been implicated in a variety of anxiety and mood-based symptoms and disorders. CRH receptor-2 (CRHR-2) plays a role in attenuating biological responses to stressful life events and trauma, making the CRHR-2 gene a strong candidate to study in relationship to PTSD. METHODS: The sample was 491 trauma-exposed white non-Hispanic veterans and their cohabitating intimate partners assessed via structured interview for lifetime DSM-IV PTSD; just over 60% met criteria for the disorder. Thirty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and near CRHR-2, obtained from an array of 2.5 million markers, were tested for association with PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity in the whole sample and in men and women separately. RESULTS: Ten SNPs showed nominally significant evidence of association with PTSD in the full sample and two SNPs (rs8192496 and rs2190242) were significant after permutation-based multiple testing correction (uncorrected ps = .0004 and .0005, odds ratios = .60 and .58, respectively). Analyses stratified by sex revealed that the effect was specific to women, who comprised 35% of the sample (uncorrected ps = .0003 and .0002, odds ratios = .41 and .35, respectively). Two additional SNPs (rs2267715 and rs2284218) also showed significant association with PTSD in women (both uncorrected ps = .001, both odds ratios = .48). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that CRHR-2 variants may affect risk for PTSD in women by attenuating the stress response and reducing symptoms of the disorder. Language: en
Mixed memory Markov models for time series analysis

The paper presents a method for analyzing coupled time series using Markov models in a domain where the state space is immense. To make the parameter estimation tractable, the large state space is represented as the Cartesian product of smaller state spaces, a paradigm known as factorial Markov models. The transition matrix for this model is represented as a mixture of the transition matrices of the underlying dynamical processes. This formulation is know as mixed memory Markov models. Using this framework, the author analyzes the daily exchange rates for five currencies-British pound, Canadian dollar, Deutschmark, Japanese yen, and Swiss franc-as measured against the US dollar.
Pathologic Characteristics of the Torn Human Meniscus

BackgroundAcellular meniscus tissue is at a high risk for degeneration and retear. Information that would help surgeons predict, preoperatively, or intraoperatively which torn menisci had few viable cells could be useful in deciding which patients might be at increased risk for retear and failure of surgical repair.HypothesisPatient age, length of time since injury, and tear type are predictors of the cellularity of meniscus tissue.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsGross and histologic evaluation of torn meniscus tissue from 44 patients and 10 control menisci was performed.ResultsThe patient factors of age, time since injury, and tear type all had significant effects on the pathologic characteristics of the torn meniscus. Patients older than 40 years had lower cellularity in the torn menisci than did patients younger than 40 years (P < .01). As time since injury increased, so did the rates of DNA fragmentation in the midsubstance of the meniscus and rates of Outerbridge II changes in the adj...
BRD4 jump-starts transcription after mitotic silencing

The chromatin adapter BRD4 may be crucial for transmitting epigenetic information by acting as a histone acetylation-dependent gene bookmark and accelerating post-mitotic transcriptional reactivation.
Managerial work behavior: an integration of results from two major approaches.

This study integrates results from two major approaches to studying managerial work, one focusing on work content, the other on work process. Clusters of managers having similar work behaviors were...
A case of delayed-onset ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infection with Corynebacterium presented as ascites

Abstract Shunt infection is one of the most common complications related to VPS insertion. Most shunt infections occur within the first year of surgery. We present a case of delayed infection 4 years after shunt insertion without intervening shunt manipulation. Our patient presented with recurrent ascites, and cultures of peritoneal fluid and CSF both recovered Corynebacterium afermentans . This case demonstrates that a delayed onset of ascites after shunt insertion can be secondary to infection with uncommon indolent pathogen.
An anatomic study on postsigmoid approach via endoscope

Objective: To observe the spatial relationships between main blood vessles and nerves in the cerebellopontine angle area and provide anatomic basis for lateral and posterior skull base minimal invasive surgery via endoscopic retrosigmoid keyhole approach. Methods: Thirty dried adult skulls were used to measure the spatial relationships among the surface bony marks of posterior cranial fossa and locate the most appropriate drilling area for retrosigmoid keyhole approach. 10 fomalin-fixed adult cadaver specimens were used for simulating endoscopic retrosigmoid approach to determine the visible scope. Results: (1) The midpoint between the mastoid tip and the asterion was the best drilling point for retrosigmoid approach. Making a hole of 2.0cm on the center of this point was suitable for exposing the related structures in the cerebellopontine angle. (2) Endoscopic retrosigmoid approach can decrease the pressure to the cerebellum and expose the related structures effectively. Those structures included facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and labyrinthine artery etc. Conclusions: Exact location on endoscope retrosigmoid approach can avoid dragging cerebellum during the minimal invasive surgery. The application of retrosigmoid keyhole approach will extend the application of endoscopic technology.
Developing Agricultural Cooperative Economy and Promoting Agricultural Industrialization

The paper discusses the function of the newly rur al co operative economy (NRCE) to promote the agricultural industrialization and analy zed the characteristics of NRCE. Also, the development strategy for the NRCE has been proposed.
Vineland and Dobie Gillis

Towards the end of Vineland, many of the major characters find themselves (or do they?) at the Traverse-Becker family reunion. The gathering both represents the anti-traditional--because this long-time union family sees the California-sized faults in the American political structure in a way many do not--and yet is, by its very nature, a celebration of tradition. Of one of the oldest of traditions, the family meal, Pynchon writes: "It was the heart of this gathering meant to honor the bond between Eula Becker and Jess Traverse, that lay beneath, defined, and made sense of them all … they all kept an eye on the head of the table, where Jess and Eula sat together, each year smaller and more transparent … " (369). It is interesting and perhaps a bit discomforting to note that Eula Becker is also the name of a character in a short story entitled "Love is a Fallacy," by Max Shulman. In fact, she is only referred to rather than presented; specifically, she is referred to as an example of the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy: "Eula Becker, her name is. It never fails. Every single time we take her on a picnic--[it rains]" (272).
Metabolic Profiles—Based on the 2013 Prevention Guidelines

This chapter reviews the utility of measuring biometric parameters as they relate to the practice of lifestyle medicine and estimating risk for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The new 2013 American College of Cardiology-American Heart Association (ACC-AHA) Prevention Guidelines provide guidance as to which additional factors aid in improved net reclassification. These are explored in detail. The 2013 ACC-AHA Guidelines recommended lifestyle change as the foundation for primary prevention and also as crucially important to deal with residual risk in secondary prevention. The assessment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)continues to be of clinical value to clinicians as it identifies metabolic parameters that are easily measurable, understood by the patient as markers of a poor cardio-metabolic prognosis, and importantly, markers that all improve with lifestyle changes.
Through the Student's Eyes: Why Are You Here?

In part II of a pre-med student's experiences with his aging grandfather, the student struggles with his strong-willed grandfather's unwillingness to comply with doctors' orders. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Embodied curriculum theory and research in arts education: a dance scholar’s search for meaning

Embodied curriculum theory and research in arts education: a dance scholar’s search for meaning brings together a collection of essays by internationally renowned dance educator, Susan Stinson. The...
Social Constraint and Self‐Doubt: Mechanisms of Social Network influence on Resistance to Persuasion

Those around us have a profound influence on our political attitudes and attitude strength, such that people whose social networks include a variety of perspectives have weaker, less deeply entrenched attitudes than those who are surrounded by like-minded others. In particular, those embedded in attitudinally heterogeneous networks are more open to changing their views. The nature and mechanisms of this network influence on openness to attitude change remain unclear. A survey experiment examines two mechanisms proposed by prior literature: (1) social doubt triggered by network members' dissent and (2) social constraint to maintain similar attitudes. It also provides some data on the more commonly assumed mechanism, (3) information exchange. Results strongly support social constraint and are mixed on social doubt. This contrasts with the theoretical emphasis of much previous interdisciplinary social network research, which has focused primarily on information exchange, to the detriment of other mechanisms. Findings also indicate that like-minded social network members solidify attitudes at least as much as dissent erodes them, suggesting that prior emphasis on the influence of heterogeneous rather than attitudinally congruent networks is overstated. Implications for political movements are discussed.
A Decade of Genetic and Metabolomic Contributions to Type 2 Diabetes Risk Prediction.

The purpose of this review was to summarize and reflect on advances over the past decade in human genetic and metabolomic discovery with particular focus on their contributions to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk prediction. In the past 10 years, a combination of advances in genotyping efficiency, metabolomic profiling, bioinformatics approaches, and international collaboration have moved T2D genetics and metabolomics from a state of frustration to an abundance of new knowledge. Efforts to control and prevent T2D have failed to stop this global epidemic. New approaches are needed, and although neither genetic nor metabolomic profiling yet have a clear clinical role, the rapid pace of accumulating knowledge offers the possibility for “multi-omic” prediction to improve health.
The importance of multi-scale analyses in avian habitat selection studies in urban environments

We have a limited understanding of how birds respond to different scales of urban landscape structure. Such information is important to concerned homeowners, developers, and city planners because each need to know whether the scale at which they manipulate the landscape will appreciably reduce or attract certain avian species. Often in urban habitat selection studies, one arbitrary scale is chosen to correlate habitat structure to avian abundance, composition, and/or distribution. This scale may or may not reflect the primary scale at which species respond to landscape structure. In this paper, I (1) give a hierarchical perspective on how birds may select habitat from limited to broad scales, (2) describe a multi-scale analysis to determine the broad scales at which birds respond to landscape structure, and (3) discuss why multi-scale studies will ultimately help urban wildlife managers evaluate the scales at which a landscape design is most effective at attracting various species. A connection exists between the scales at which birds respond to landscape structure and the scales at which humans impact urban areas.
A Comparison of Factors Impacting ICT Growth Rates in Developing and Industrialized Countries

In this paper we investigate the factors that impact ICT growth rates in developing countries and compare those with factors affecting industrialized countries. Four categories of factors, human development, social structure, institutional factors, and national infrastructure, were considered with respect to their impact on three ICTs: cell phones, PCs, and the Internet. ICT infrastructure influenced ICT growth rates in all nations, but the impacts of human development, institutional index, and urbanization varied between industrialized countries and developing countries.
Voluntary Cough and Clinical Swallow Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Controls.

Dysphagia and resulting pulmonary sequelae are frequently observed in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). However, physiological evidence regarding airway protective behaviors (specifically swallowing and cough function) in these children is sparse. The aim of this investigation was to quantify specific feeding, swallowing, and cough impairments in children with SCP compared to controls. Eleven children with SCP (mean age: 7 ± 2 years; GMFCS: I–V; MACS: I–V) and 10 age-matched controls participated. Clinical feeding and swallowing performance was evaluated with the dysphagia disorder survey (DDS) using standardized liquid, puree, and chewable solid consistencies. Suprahyoid muscle activity and respiratory–swallow patterns were assessed with simultaneous surface electromyography and respiratory inductance plethysmography as children swallowed the various consistencies. Voluntary cough airflow measures were also obtained. Nonparametric tests were used for group comparisons and correlational analyses. Compared to controls, children with SCP demonstrated more signs of clinical feeding and swallowing impairment (p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.771), heightened suprahyoid muscle activity for puree (p = 0.014, η2 = 0.305) and chewable solids (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.528), more frequent post-swallow inhalation across liquid (p = 0.005, η2 = 0.401), puree (p = 0.014, η2 = 0.304), and chewable solids (p = 0.035, η2 = 0.223), and lower cough volume acceleration (p = 0.019, η2 = 0.289). Post-swallow inhalation for chewable solids was correlated with the DDS Part 1 (rs = 0.734, p = 0.010), DDS Part 2 (rs = 0.610, p = 0.046) and the DDS Total scores (rs = 0.673, p = 0.023). This study is the first to provide evidence of specific physiological deficits of both swallowing and voluntary cough in children with SCP. Potential hypotheses explaining these deficits and implications for physiologically driven management are explored.
Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition: Considerations for Visceral Transplant Patients

Intestinal failure (IF) is a complex malabsorptive disorder that not only leads to multiple health-related complications, but is also closely associated with a reduced quality of life (QOL) due to an intolerance of an oral diet, usually resulting in complete reliance on alternative means of nutrition support. Severe reduction of gut function, impaired intestinal transit time, hypophagia, and almost complete malabsorption of oral macro- and micronutrients are defining characteristics of IF. Due to these complications, patients with IF are often dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) as the intravenous method for nutrition supplementation to sustain health. Chronic use of PN, however, may result in metabolic and infectious complications. For patients who have irreversible IF and experience complications from PN, multivisceral and intestinal (MV/I) transplantation may be necessary for long-term survival. In addition, protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) negatively impacts all solid organ and bone marrow transplant outcomes; therefore, a referral to a registered dietitian for nutrition assessment and intervention is crucial to optimize pre-transplant and post-transplant nutrition care. The ultimate goal of MV/I transplantation is to optimize a patient’s QOL by establishing full nutritional autonomy, with a full wean from PN and transition to enteral nutrition (EN) and oral diet.
Bimetallic nickel-lutetium complexes: tuning the properties and catalytic hydrogenation activity of the Ni site by varying the Lu coordination environment

We present three heterobimetallic complexes containing an isostructural nickel center and a lutetium ion in varying coordination environments. The bidentate iPr2PCH2NHPh and nonadentate (iPr2PCH2NHAr)3tacn ligands were used to prepare the Lu metalloligands, Lu(iPr2PCH2NPh)3 (1) and Lu{(iPr2PCH2NAr)3tacn} (2), respectively. Reaction of Ni(COD)2 (where COD is 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and 1 afforded NiLu(iPr2PCH2NPh)3 (3), with a Lu coordination number (CN) of 4 and a Ni–Lu distance, d(Ni–Lu), of 2.4644(2) A. Complex 3 can further bind THF to form 3-THF, increasing both the Lu CN to 5 and d(Ni–Lu) to 2.5989(4) A. On the other hand, incorporation of Ni(0) into 2 provides NiLu{(iPr2PCH2NAr)3tacn} (4), in which the Lu coordination environment is more saturated (CN = 6), and the d(Ni–Lu) is substantially elongated at 2.9771(5) A. Cyclic voltammetry of the three Ni–Lu complexes shows an overall ∼410 mV shift in the Ni(0/I) redox couple, suggesting tunability of the Ni electronics across the series. Computational studies reveal polarized bonding interactions between the Ni 3dz2 (major) and the Lu 5dz2 (minor) orbitals, where the percentage of Lu character increases in the order: 4 (6.0% Lu 5dz2) < 3-THF (8.5%) < 3 (9.3%). All three Ni–Lu complexes bind H2 at low temperatures (−30 to −80 °C) and are competent catalysts for styrene hydrogenation. Complex 3 outperforms 4 with a four-fold faster rate. Additionally, adding increasing THF equivalents to 3, which would favor build-up of 3-THF, decreases the rate. We propose that altering the coordination sphere of the Lu support can influence the resulting properties and catalytic activity of the active Ni(0) metal center.
School-Based Medication Evaluations: Implications for School Personnel and Physicians

This chapter presents an overview of assessment and medication-monitoring procedures that can be completed in the school setting to collect information on symptom severity/improvement, adverse events, and educational outcomes associated with psychopharmacological treatment. Commonly encountered systemic barriers to these procedures and solutions to these challenges are presented. A set of references and web-based materials are provided to readers for additional information.
Hereditary Cancer Syndromes—A Primer on Diagnosis and Management, Part 2: Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes

Hereditary causes due to mutations and defects in certain genes account for roughly 5% to 10% of all colorectal cancers. These inherited syndromes have been associated with a 60% to 100% lifetime risk for development of colorectal cancer, depending on the genetic syndrome, and many also carry an increased risk for multiple extracolonic malignancies. In this second part of a review series on hereditary cancer syndromes, the focus will be to provide guidance on the features and management of the most commonly encountered hereditary colorectal cancers and polyposis conditions including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, and hamartomatous polyposis.
Stress State Near Arbitrarily Oriented Cracks on the Continuation of a Rigid Inclusion Under Action of Longitudinal Shear Wave

The problem about determining of the dynamic stress intensity factors (SIF) for the cracks that are located at an angle from the ends of the inclusion is solved. The inclusion is located in an unbounded elastic body, in which the longitudinal shear harmonic waves are propagated. Unknown amplitude of inclusions are determined from the equations of motion. Boundary conditions are formed in the assumption that the inclusion is fully coupled with the medium (matrix), and the surface of cracks are not loaded. The method of the solution is based on the presentation of displacements in the body as a superposition of three discontinuous solutions which are built respectively to the cracks and the inclusion. As result the original problem is reduced to the system of the singular integral equations for unknown jumps of stresses and displacements to the defect. For the numerical solution of the system the method is developed. It takes into consider the real asymptotic of the unknown functions and uses the special quadrature formulas for singular integrals.
Calvarial Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an Adult: Typical imaging findings in an atypical age group

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans-type dendritic cells. LCH is most frequently encountered in the pediatric populations, and involvement of the skeletal system is a common manifestation. Herein, we report a case of LCH presented as an isolated skull lesion in a 66-year-old patient. This presentation has never been reported in the literature at this advanced age and suggests that, despite being exceptionally rare, clinicians should consider LCH in the differential diagnosis of skull lesions in the elderly with classical radiological appearance.
Classification of uncooperative vehicles with sparse laser Doppler vibrometry measurements

Recently Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) has been widely employed to achieve long-range sensing in military applications, due to its high spatial and spectral resolutions in vibration measurements that facilitates effective analysis using signal processing and machine learning techniques. Based on the collaboration of The City College of New York and the Air Force Research Laboratory in the last several years, we have developed a bank of algorithms to classify different types of vehicles, such as sedans, vans, pickups, motor-cycles and buses, and identify various kinds of engines, such as Inline-4, V6, 1- and 2-axle truck engines. Thanks to the similarities of the LDV signals to acoustic and other time-series signals, a large of body of existing approaches in literature has been employed, such as speech coding, time series representation, Fourier analysis, pyramid analysis, support vector machine, random forest, neural network, and deep learning algorithms. We have found that the classification results based on some of these methods are extremely promising. For instance, our vehicle engine classification algorithm based on the pyramid Fourier analysis of the engine vibration and fundamental frequencies of vehicle surfaces over the data collected by our LDV in the summer of 2014 have consistently attained 96% precision. In laboratory studies or well-controlled environments, a great array of high quality LDV measured points all over the vehicles are permitted by the vehicle owners, therefore extensive classifier training can be conducted to effectively capture the innate properties of surfaces in the space and spectral domains. However, in real contested environments, which are of utmost interest and practical importance to military applications, the uncooperative vehicles are either fast moving or purposively concealed and thus not many high quality LDV measurements can be made. In this work an intensive study is performed to compare the performance in vehicle classifications under the cooperative and uncooperative environments via LDV measurements based on a content-based indexing approach. The method uses an iterative Fourier analysis and an artificial feed-forward neural network. As our empirical studies have suggested, even in uncooperative and contested environments, with adequate training dataset for similar vehicles, our classification approach can still yield promising recognition rates.
Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the social and personal traits of children between the age of 2 and 18, and the symptoms include inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Though this disorder is identified in childhood, it may persist till teenage in a few cases. ADHD is diagnosed on the basis of various rating scales that have been developed by experts. Additionally, MRI patterns are also used to study the anatomical and functional features of ADHD brain and the effect of medication. This chapter focuses on various machine learning models developed for accurate prediction of this disorder. Majority of machine learning studies were based on creating classification models, out of which SVM and ANN have been proved to give the most accurate diagnosis. A better predictive model with good correlation coefficient (CC) values, specificity and sensitivity has been generated with genetic programming-based algorithm. Numerous other relevant examples have also been cited in this chapter. The contents of the chapter will help the researchers to understand various techniques of ADHD prediction to provide better treatment for the children who are suffering from similar neurodevelopmental disorders.
Designing Mental Health Technologies that Support the Social Ecosystem of College Students

The last decade has seen increased reports of mental health problems among college students, with college counseling centers struggling to keep up with the demand for services. Digital mental health tools offer a potential solution to expand the reach of mental health services for college students. In this paper, we present findings from a series of design activities conducted with college students and counseling center staff aimed at identifying needs and preferences for digital mental health tools. Results emphasize the social ecosystems and social support networks in a college student's life. Our findings highlight the predominant role of known peers, and the ancillary roles of unknown peers and non-peers (e.g., faculty, family) in influencing the types of digital mental health tools students desire, and the ways in which they want to learn about mental health tools. We identify considerations for designing digital mental health tools for college students that take into account the identified social factors and roles.
Autoethnographic Dance and Transformative Learning: Exploring Self-Reflexive Identity Work and Change:

This retrospective case study investigated how learners in a transformative autoethnographic dance course engaged in and navigated self-reflexive identity work and corresponding learning outcomes. ...
Leakage Current Compensation in Large Number of Inactive Synapses in a 130nm CMOS Process

Hardware implementations of neuromorphic circuits have been limited mostly in technology nodes that are much older than more advanced CMOS technology nodes available during the time of fabrication. This is mainly because leakage currents increase substantially with down scaling. Neuromorphic computational elements are mostly made of subthreshold current mode circuits. At smaller advanced technology nodes, the leakage currents become comparable to the current levels at which the circuits are designed to operate. This is particularly problematic when a large number of synapses connected to a neuron conduct current when they are supposed to be at off state. Having a workaround to the current leakage problem could enable us to design small footprint circuits in smaller technology nodes. In this paper, we propose a technique to compensate the leakage currents from a large number of synapses in a 130nm CMOS process. We present transistor level simulation results to show the viability of the technique.
Dark field proton radiography

A pre- and post-collimation scheme has been applied to high energy proton radiography to establish a dark field condition, which defaults to a state of no transmission until a scatterer is placed at the object plane. This technique, dark field proton radiography, provides two additional capabilities to a standard proton radiography setup. First, protons with a high degree of angular dispersion are removed from the beam, reducing the effects of chromatic aberrations and decreasing noise. Second, protons below the same threshold are removed from the beam downstream of the objects, effectively making the transmission highly sensitive to small amounts of scatter at the object plane. Initial results indicate that the system is highly sensitive to the presence of thinner materials and improves sensitivity to subtle areal density variations in thick objects.
Reproducibility of liver iron concentration estimates in MRI through R2* measurement determined by least-squares curve fitting

Measuring transverse relaxation rate (R2* = 1/T2*) via MRI allows for noninvasive evaluation of multiple clinical parameters, including liver iron concentration (LIC) and fat fraction. Both fat and iron contribute to diffuse liver disease when stored in excess in the liver. This liver damage leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis with an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver iron concentration is linearly related to R2* measurements using MRI. A phantom was constructed to assess R2* quantification variability on 1.5 and 3 T MRI systems. Quantification was executed using least-squares curve fitting techniques. The phantom was created using readily available, low-cost materials. It contains four vials with R2* values that cover a clinically relevant range (100 to 420 Hz at 1.5 T). Iron content was achieved using ferric chloride solutions contained in glass vials, each affixed in a three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactide (PLA) structure, surrounded by distilled water, all housed in a sealed acrylic cylinder. Multiple phantom stands were also 3D-printed using PLA for precise orientation of the phantom with respect to the direction of the static magnetic field. Acquisitions at different phantom angles, across multiple MRI systems, and with different pulse sequence parameters were evaluated. The variability between any two R2* measurements, taken in the same vial under these various acquisition conditions, on a 1.5 T MRI system, was <7% for each of the four vials. For 3 T MRI systems, variability was less than 14% in all cases. Variability was <6% for both 1.5 and 3 T acquisitions when unchanged pulse sequence parameters were used. The phantom can be used to mimic a range of clinically relevant levels of R2* relaxation rates, as measured using MRI. These measurements were found to be reproducible relative to the gold-standard method, liver biopsy, across several different image acquisition conditions.
So, you want to be a leader?

Abstract Every physician is a leader. We often lead teams of people, whether it is in an ambulatory clinic, the ICU, or the operating room. We have responsibility for our patients, and need to ensure our colleagues, advanced practice providers, and support teams are doing their jobs correctly. On a small scale, it is a physician in a solo practice or a surgeon in an operating room. On a larger scale it can be an academic chair or a dean. This article serves as a primer for those who will journey down the path of becoming a leader. Starting with a brief historical background of modern leadership theory, and a discussion on managing versus leading, we will then touch on what we believe are the key steps required to become a successful leader. We have drilled this down to four steps: 1) know yourself, 2) know others, 3) reality test your skill set, and finally, 4) become a servant leader. Numerous vignettes are written to help illustrate some of the lessons that should be learned when embarking on this journey.
Silicon photonics for LIDAR

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is emerging as a necessity for fully automated self-driving automotive applications. In order to sample the far field with sufficient resolution for this application the system must incorporate many optical elements, leading to challenges for manufacturability and size. Due to the density of optical components required, LIDAR is well suited for photonic integration in order to achieve miniaturization and scalable manufacturability. This talk will give an overview of LIDAR, the components required for a chip-scale solution, and silicon photonics progress with respect to this goal.
Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This paper reports on a systematic review and meta-analysis of disproportionate minority contact in the juvenile justice system. A total of 79 independent samples were analyzed from the 67 studies ...
“A Study on Health Issues” People of Sherkhan Gardan at Kodambakkam in Chennai City

Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being in humans, it is the general condition of a person’s mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain and in a broader sense, would refer to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity as stated by WHO in 1946. Sustainable sanitation is the need of the hour and safe drinking water is getting scarce and also lack of preventive health screening and luck of suitable m prenatal care is yet another cause for malnourishment and poor health of both mother and children. are spreading disease among the people. Increasing urbanization has resulted in a faster growth of slum population. Various agencies, especially those in developing countries are finding it difficult to respond to this situation effectively and disparities among slums exist owing to various factors. This has led to varying degrees of health burden on the slum people. People health conditions in slums with inadequate services are worse in comparison to relatively better served slums. In view of the differential vulnerabilities across slums, an urban health program should build context appropriate and community-need-responsive approaches to improve health in the slums.
Improvement of Summertime Surface Ozone Prediction by Assimilating Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Cloud Observations

Abstract Clouds play an important role in the Earth’s climate system since they can affect various physical and chemical processes within the atmosphere. Misplacement of clouds is a major source of error in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, and it also impacts the accuracy of air quality simulations since the meteorology and air quality are directly coupled. In this study, a cloud assimilation technique was utilized to improve cloud placement within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by assimilating Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-derived cloud products. Meteorological outputs from the WRF model were then used as inputs for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The impact of cloud assimilation on air quality was tested over the June-September 2016 period. The results indicated that, by modifying model clouds, cloud assimilation corrected surface solar radiation and photochemical reaction rates, altered light sensitive biogenic emissions, adjusted horizontal transport and vertical mixing, and finally improved the prediction of surface ozone concentration. Cloud assimilation improved daytime surface ozone prediction over most of the U.S. domain, with exceptions in California. On average, cloud assimilation improved the prediction of daytime peak ozone and reduced bias by 47% (∼1.5 ppb). The largest improvement was seen over the southeast U.S. region (∼2.6 ppb reduction in daytime peak ozone), where convective clouds are more frequent and transient and biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions are more intense than elsewhere.
Epigenomic contributions to tumor cell heterogeneity and plasticity

Heterogeneity in brain tumors has been viewed through many lenses—from microscopes and experimental models to ‘omic’ analysis at the tissue and single-cell levels. Two studies now characterize patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression in single cells to reveal epigenomic underpinnings of cellular heterogeneity and plasticity in exquisite detail, including mechanistic insight into cellular transitions between stem-like and differentiated-like states.
Heavy Metals in the Environment : Using Wetlands for Their Removal

Introduction and Background Introduction, Gaia Wetland and Heavy Metals Problems and Needs Review of Published Studies, Lead and Wetlands Biogeochemical Cycle of Lead and the Energy Hierarchy Lead in a Cypress-Gum Swamp, Jackson County, Florida Ecological Assessment of the Steele City Swamp Lead Distribution in Steele City Swamps Experiments with Lead and Acid in Wetland Microcosms Simulation Model of a Lead-Containing Swamp Ecosystem Lead and Wetlands in Poland Lead and Zinc Retention in the Biala River Wetland in Poland Perspectives on Heavy Metals Manufacturing, and Environment in Poland Value and Policy Ecological Economics of Natural Wetland Retention of Lead Emergy Evaluation of Biala River Wetland and Its Lead Retention The Evolution of Environmental Law and the Industrial Lead Cycle Summary Policy for Heavy Metals and Environment Appendices References
"Suicide" inactivation of thromboxane A2 synthase. Characteristics of mechanism-based inactivation with isolated enzyme and intact platelets.

Abstract "Suicide" inactivation occurs during catalysis by thromboxane synthase. Loss of enzymatic activity, accompanying thromboxane B2 formation, was proportional to the substrate concentration. Inactivation was directly related to product formation: for several different experimental protocols 50% loss of thromboxane synthase activity corresponded with formation of 454 +/- 79 ng of thromboxane B2/mg protein. The time course of inactivation was pseudo-first-order and obeyed saturation kinetics. Inactivation (KI) and first-order rate constants (ki) were 18 microM and 0.18 s-1 for prostaglandin H2. Prostaglandin H1, a poor substrate for turnover, was also a site-directed inactivator with KI = 28 microM and ki = 0.09 s-1. Competitive inhibitors, typified by U63557a and U46619, preserved the enzyme activity by slowing the rate of inactivation from 0.18 to 0.05 s-1. Loss of the hemoprotein Soret absorbance did not correlate quantitatively or temporally with the loss of thromboxane synthase activity. A similar, irreversible inactivation accompanied thromboxane formation by intact platelets. Loss of activity was proportional to substrate concentration and catalytic activity. For a pool of 25 separate donors, thromboxane synthase activity declined exponentially as a function of thromboxane B2 formation: 50% loss of activity corresponded to 23 ng of thromboxane B2/10(7) platelets. The data conform to criteria for a specific, mechanism-based process in which thromboxane synthase participates in two parallel reactions, one leading to thromboxane formation and the other to suicide inactivation. The specific, rather than indiscriminate, nature of the process, and its occurrence in intact platelets may have implications for the cell biology of thrombosis. Depletion of thromboxane synthase activity may be a factor in the choice and effectiveness of antithrombotic agents.
Bovine liver monoamine oxidase. A modified purification procedure and preliminary evidence for two subunits and one FAD.

Abstract Bovine liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase was isolated in a more active state and in higher yields by an improved purification method which utilized β-mercaptoethanol and which contained several other important modifications. The subunit structure of the purified enzyme components was investigated by chemical and enzymatic methods. The subunit molecular weight of the three enzyme components isolated was estimated to be 52,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc electrophoresis and by exclusion-diffusion chromatography on Biogel A-5m with 6 m guanidine HCl as the solvent. The number of peptides observed in the peptide map of the tryptic digest of the S -β-carboxymethylcysteine derivative of the enzyme also showed that the subunit molecular weight was about 52,000. Since it was previously reported that the monomer molecular weight of the enzyme was about 110,000, the active enzyme is made up of two subunits. The NH 2 -terminus of the enzyme of both subunits is blocked since Edman degradation and aminopeptidase failed to release an NH 2 -terminal amino acid. The COOH-terminal amino acid of both subunits was shown to be leucine by carboxypeptidase digestion of the enzyme since it was liberated quantitatively. From the FAD content of the enzyme and the subunit data, it is proposed that the enzyme probably consists of two subunits which differ possibly in that only one subunit contains 8-α-cysteinyl FAD.