cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complementary, holistic, and integrative medicine: depression, sleep disorders, and substance abuse.

1. Anju Sawni, MD* 2. Cora Collette Breuner, MD, MPH† 1. *Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine/Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI. 2. †Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine Division, Adjunct Associate Professor, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital University of Washington, Seattle, WA. * Abbreviations: CAM: : complementary and alternative medicine EFAs: : essential fatty acids SJW: : St John's Wort The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased dramatically in the pediatric population in the United States. (1) Concerns regarding adverse effects, cultural and personal reluctance, and unknown consequences of long-term use of pharmacologic treatments for depression, sleep disorders, and substance abuse, make many parents and adolescents uncomfortable; thus, they seek treatments that are “more natural” and “safer.” Medication as the first line of treatment generally is not recommended to treat mild depression. Sleep disorders in children often are related to the child’s environment (chaotic home life, anxiety, poor sleep hygiene, etc). Promoting a healthy mind, body, and spirit in children is important in developing emotional stability. Achieving this goal involves good nutrition, exercise, a healthy environment, proper sleep hygiene, and supportive family, friends, and community. Integration of CAM therapies such as mind-body therapies (meditation, yoga, self-hypnosis, relaxation), herbs and supplements, and massage may be helpful as well. Depression affects a large number of children and adolescents. Prevalence rates for depression range from 1% to 2% of prepubertal children to 3% to 8% of adolescents. (2) Despite scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychopharmacologic intervention, the use of antidepressants has received negative publicity and is not easily accepted by many parents. Medication as the first line of treatment generally is not used to treat mild depression; thus, some CAM therapies may provide effective alternatives for treatment of mild depression. Children, adolescents, and young adults are using CAM to treat depression. (1)(3)(4) ### Lifestyle Therapies A child’s diet is the foundation for the structure and function of the developing brain. (5) Adequate nutrients are essential for optimal production of neurotransmitters that affect mood, …
CMR to Evaluate Bioprosthetic Aortic Stenosis

With an aging population and the emergence of transcatheter valve replacement [(1)][1], the evaluation of bioprosthetic valve anatomy and function is of increasing importance. Traditional “tried and true” methods of assessing bioprosthetic valve dysfunction have relied on 2-dimensional
LV oxygen consumption and pressure-volume area: role of norepinephrine and verapamil.

The effect of norepinephrine or verapamil on the relationship of left ventricular (LV) myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) was investigated in hearts within the never-opened thorax of dogs with blocked baroreceptor reflex. LV chamber volumes and myocardial blood flow were measured using a fast computed tomography scanner. At 10 micrograms/min delivery rate of norepinephrine, MVO2 (mJ.g-1.cycle-1) equals (2.30 +/- 0.48) PVA + (20.60 +/- 4.24) (n = 11; 1 mJ.g-1.cycle-1 is equivalent to 0.563 ml O2.100 g-1.min-1 at 112 beats/min). With verapamil infusion, MVO2 equals (2.57 +/- 1.33)PVA + (10.73 +/- 3.16) (n = 17). The regression slopes did not differ (P greater than 0.25) for any of the conditions. At comparable PVA values the norepinephrine group showed an increase of MVO2 compared with the prenorephrine baseline state (P less than 0.01), and the verapamil group showed a reduction of MVO2 compared with the preverapamil baseline state (P less than 0.05). We conclude that the MVO2 to LVPVA relationship in the in situ heart, within the never-opened thorax, conveys that the oxygen-wasting effect of catecholamines is quantifiable using the shift in this relationship.
0038: Addressing the controversy of estimating right ventricular systolic pressure by echocardiography: insights from 307 patients with advanced lung disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension

Background There is a controversy on the reliability of echocardiography in estimating right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in advanced lung disease (ALD) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. This study aimed to develop a quality control method for echocardiographic RVSP assessment to provide guidance. Methods We selected consecutive patients referred from 2001 to 2012 for ALD or PAH, in whom an echocardiogram and a right heart catheterization (RHC) were performed within five days. In order to assess reader level influence on echo interpretation, three levels of readers (multi-reader echo-lab, level 2 and 3) estimated RVSP (based on the tricuspid regurgitation TR maximal velocity). Invasive and non-invasive RVSPs were compared using Pearson’s coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. PH classification performance was also assessed. Reasons for under- and overestimation were systematically analysed. Results Among the 307 patients included (mean age 50±13, 41% male), two-thirds had pulmonary hypertension (PH). RVSP was measurable in 56% of patients. There was a strong correlation between echo and RHC (r=0.84 for echo-lab; 0.86 level 2 and 0.96 level 3). For PH classification, areas under the curve of level 2 and 3 RVSPs were excellent (0.94 and 0.97); >45mmHg was associated with 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. No severe PH (mPAP ≥35mmHg) was missed. The main reason for underestimation was the absence of a well-defined TR envelope and for overestimation the inability to identify the complete envelope by decreasing the gain. Conclusion Echocardiography’s reliability for RVSP estimation can be improved when careful attention is paid to simple practical signal quality parameters, clearly identified by the present study.
A hybrid silicon-PDMS multifunctional neural probe

We demonstrate a 3-in-1 hybrid silicon-PDMS neural probe with electrochemical sensing, directional optical stimulation, and drug delivery capabilities to manipulate and record neural cell activities. Blue light with a wavelength of 450nm is coupled onto the probe by a grating coupler and delivered to the probe tip through a silicon nitride waveguide. Another grating coupler at the tip couples the light out and provides directional illumination near the center of a sensing electrode. A liquid channel is bonded on top of the silicon probe using a novel PDMS thin-film transfer process.
Activating Indigenous Knowledge to Create Supportive Educational Environments by Rethinking Family, Community, and School Partnerships

In this article, the author describes ways that Indigenous knowledges can be activated through social justice philosophies and pedagogies that promote equitable and fair social-educational systems to support Indigenous students. Specifically, she argues that when considering family-community-school partnerships, family and community are one and the same when viewed through the conceptual framework of k’e and that for indigenous communities, education and community are inseparable. She establishes k’e as a Dine philosophy of community that dictates ways of knowing and being that are rooted in traditional teachings and ceremonies meant to ensure survival of the people. She describes a qualitative study that employed an indigenous methodology in which she asks Dine youth how they define community. The findings of the study imply that to support the Dine youth holistically, educators must promote equity and fairness within schools serving Indigenous communities by partaking in active and critical engagement that includes acquiring an understanding of the histories, contributing to the processes of healing relationships and activating Indigenous knowledges that focuses on philosophies of community.
Contradictions in surgical work teams

ABSTRACTTeamwork and communication are essential to effective work groups in health care. This project investigated how an impending technology change spurred the staff in an ophthalmological surgical department to improve their teamwork and communication processes. Data were gathered using focus groups, key informant interviews, and workplace observations involving 56 employees. Qualitative, interpretive analysis indicated that lack of communication impacted team processes and job satisfaction. Participants indicated that sharing knowledge and developing policy knowledge were problematic, especially as those processes concerned job duties. Results were interpreted using structurating activity theory. Analysis identified system-level and structural-level contradictions that hindered activity accomplishment. Several practical implications of findings are offered, including using the experience of work team contradictions as opportunities to transform practices, implementing ongoing inter-professional train...
Acceptance of the Distinguished Public Service Medal for 2003

Mr. President, Colleagues, and Friends: It is a great honor to receive the Distinguished Public Service Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America, particularly in the presence of people I respect so much: President Doug Rumble, President-elect Mike Carpenter, and Charlie Prewitt, a guiding spirit and mentor for years—it is a real pleasure to be here while you are receiving the Roebling medal, and all of you out there at the tables. Jeff has been very kind in his citation (at least I assumed he would be when I wrote this, and he was) which shows the true Wisconsin gentleman he is at heart, when you consider he is talking of a New Yorker at that “other institution” from the vantage point of Washington and the Smithsonian. All kidding aside, I value Jeff’s views as his position and experience parallel mine, and we have been buddies and friendly competitors for a long time. Thanks, Jeff. To what do I owe receiving this honor and recognition? Obviously, …
Performance of Enhanced Residential Building Code Requirements during the March 25, 2015, Moore Tornado

AbstractAn EF2 (Enhanced Fujita Scale Rating 2) tornado that hit the City of Moore, Oklahoma, on March 25, 2015, provided a rare opportunity for engineers to observe the performance of structures b...
The utility of empirically assigning ancestry groups in cross-population genetic studies of addiction.

Background and Objectives Given moderate heritability and significant heterogeneity among addiction phenotypes, successful genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are expected to need very large samples. As sample sizes grow, so can genetic diversity leading to challenges in analyzing these data. Methods for empirically assigning individuals to genetically informed ancestry groups are needed. Methods We describe a strategy for empirically assigning ancestry groups in ethnically diverse GWAS data including extensions of principal component analysis (PCA) and population matching through minimum Mahalanobis distance. We apply these methods to data from Spit for Science (S4S): the University Student Survey, a study following college students longitudinally that includes genetic and environmental data on substance use and mental health (n = 7,603). Results The genetic-based population assignments for S4S were 48.7% European, 22.5% African, 10.4% Americas, 9.2% East Asian, and 9.2% South Asian descent. Self-reported census categories “More than one race” and “Unknown”as well as “Hawaiian/Pacific Islander” and “American-Indian/Native Alaskan” were empirically assigned representing a +9% sample retention over conventional methods. Although there was high concordance between self-reported race and empirical population-match (+.924), there was reduction in variance for most ancestry PCs for genetic-based population assignments. Conclusions We were able to create more genetically homogenous groups and reduce sample and marker loss through cross-ancestry meta-analysis, potentially increasing power to detect etiologically relevant variation. Our approach provides a framework for empirically assigning genetic ancestry groups which can be applied to other ethnically diverse genetic studies. Scientific Significance Given the important public health impact and demonstrable gains in statistical power from studying diverse populations, empirically sound practices for genetic studies are needed. (Am J Addict 2017;XX:1–8)
Distributed Computing in Social Media Analytics

The rise of social media has led to some of the largest cultural shifts seen so far in the twenty-first century. Billions of people across the world actively use social media today. This abrupt societal transition has led to a dramatic increase in the extent to which a person’s social footprint is documented online in the public domain. While for some social media sites, like Snapchat and Facebook, privacy is a key feature, on sites like Twitter, comments are intentionally made public for the world to see. The ever growing number of intentionally public interactions creates new opportunities for organizations to better understand consumers and how they feel about specific issues or products. In this chapter we will discuss social polling and influencer analytics, which are two of the most popular use cases for Social Media Analytics. We will also highlight an emerging trend across multiple industries where organizations are using aggregate social polling as input to demand forecasting solutions. Data for social analytics is largely unstructured and the social graph is massive. As a result, the choice of analytics techniques can have an enormous impact on the quality of the results and ROI for businesses that undergo analytics initiatives. As such, we will cover and discuss the relative merits of a variety of popular analytics techniques, across industry and academia, addressing best practices for these use cases.
The Median Employee to CEO Pay Ratio Disclosure Requirement

In recent years, especially in national political campaigns, there has been much discussion about who is in the top 1% of American wealth, how they landed in this category, and what special income ...
Importance of time-frequency units for sentence recognition as a function of signal-to-noise ratio

Speech recognition in noise may be viewed as a classification problem, in which the auditory system selects a subset of time-frequency (T-F) units to build a representation of the signal. The present study introduces local signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) importance functions, an approach to determine the contribution to speech intelligibility of T-F units as a function of their SNR. Consistent with previous work from this group on auditory-channel independence, it was hypothesized that T-F units with a relatively equal mixture of signal and noise (around 0 dB SNR) may be the most disruptive for intelligibility because they should be the most difficult to classify. This hypothesis was assessed by measuring the intelligibility of sentences presented in a competing-speech background while discarding a fixed proportion of units all with the same local SNR. The stimuli were either vocoded or left unprocessed to evaluate the influence of fine-structure cues on classification and also help better understand why cochlear implant (CI) users experience greater difficulties in noise. Results were consistent with the ambiguity hypothesis. More importantly, they suggest that discarding the noisiest units may not be the most advantageous way to improve speech intelligibility in noise by CI users.
Operation of the Water-to-Sodium Leak Detection System at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II

A water-to-sodium leak detection system was installed at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II in April 1975. The system is designed for early detection of steam generator leaks, using hydrogen meters at the sodium outlets of the evaporators and superheaters. The leak detectors operate by measuring the rate of diffusion of hydrogen from the liquid sodium through a nickel membrane into a dynamic vacuum system. The advantages of this detection system are rapid response time, high sensitivity, stability, and reliability. The system was operated on an experimental basis for the first two years. During this period, data were obtained on detector stability, reliability, maintenance needs, computer interface requirements, calibration, and background hydrogen-level fluctuations. A generic defect in the original detectors was also discovered, requiring redesign of the units. When the new units were installed and proven to be reliable, the system was made fully operational. The data from the hydrogen meters are now used as the primary basis for detection of water-to-sodium leaks.
A Metric Approach for Ordinal Regression

This paper presents a metric approach for the regression of ordinal variables. In contrast to most other studies, the problem of independent, ordinal variables with a dependent variable that is a metric scale is analyzed. For this situation, some properties of the estimated parameters of the model are described.
Transitioning from a gold weight to an “enhanced” palpebral spring in the management of paralytic lagophthalmos secondary to facial nerve palsy

ABSTRACTPurpose: To analyze the outcomes of patients who transitioned from a weight to a spring.Methods: Case series original investigation. Five consecutive patients undergoing “enhanced” palpebral spring insertion status post gold weight insertion were identified. Outcome measures included visual acuity, lagophthalmos, margin reflex distance 1, and corneal epithelial defects. Subjective outcomes included need for eye lubrication, closure and rapid blink, and symptoms of discomfort and dryness. This study was reviewed by an accredited Institutional Review Board (IRB) and granted exempt status according to federal regulations.Results: Mean visual acuity post weight versus spring was 20/200 (logMAR 1.0, Std Dev. −0.6) and 20/25 (logMAR 0.1, Std Dev. −0.1), respectively (p = 0.0214, CI 0.231 to 1.670). Mean lagophthalmos post weight (3.5 mm, Std Dev. −2.8) versus post spring (0.2 mm, Std Dev. −0.5). Margin reflex distance 1 improved by a mean of 1.4 mm (gold wt –0.6, Std Dev. −0.5/spring −2.0, Std Dev. −0.4...
A 3-(4-nitronaphthen-1-yl) amino-benzoate analog as a bifunctional AKR1C3 inhibitor and AR antagonist: Head to head comparison with other advanced AKR1C3 targeted therapeutics

Drugs used for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) include Abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®) and Enzalutamide (XTANDI®). However, these drugs provide clinical benefit in metastatic disease for only a brief period before drug resistance emerges. One mechanism of drug resistance involves the overexpression of type 5 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (aldo-keto reductase 1C3 or AKR1C3), a major enzyme responsible for the formation of intratumoral androgens that activate the androgen receptor (AR). 3-((4-Nitronaphthalen-1-yl)amino)benzoic acid 1 is a "first-in-class" AKR1C3 competitive inhibitor and AR antagonist. Compound 1 was compared in a battery of in vitro studies with structurally related N-naphthyl-aminobenzoates, and AKR1C3 targeted therapeutics e.g. GTx-560 and ASP9521, as well as with R-bicalutamide, enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate. Compound 1 was the only naphthyl derivative that was a selective AKR1C3 inhibitor and AR antagonist in direct competitive binding assays and in AR driven reporter gene assays. GTx-560 displayed weak activity as a direct AR antagonist but had high potency in the AR reporter gene assay consistent with its ability to inhibit the co-activator function of AKR1C3. By contrast ASP9521 did not act as either an AR antagonist or block AR reporter gene activity. Compound 1 was the only compound that showed comparable potency to inhibit AKR1C3 and act as a direct AR antagonist. Compound 1 blocked the formation of testosterone in LNCaP-AKR1C3 cells, and the expression of PSA driven by the AKR1C3 substrate (4-androstene-3,17-dione) and by an AR agonist, 5α-dihydrotestosterone consistent with its bifunctional role. Compound 1 blocked the nuclear translocation of the AR at similar concentrations to enzalutamide and caused disappearance of the AR from cell lysates. R-biaclutamide and enzalutamide inhibited AKR1C3 at concentrations 200x greater than compound 1, suggesting that its bifunctionality can be explained by a shared pharmacophore that can be optimized.
Cross-linker Chemistry Determines the Uptake Potential of Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances by β-Cyclodextrin Polymers

Per- and poly fluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, contaminate many ground and surface water resources and are environmentally persistent. Furthermore, there are many other PFASs in use that are persistent and contaminate fresh water resources. A polymer consisting of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) cross-linked with decafluorobiphenyl (DFB-CDP) has shown promise for sequestering PFOA at environmentally relevant concentrations, though its efficacy to remove other PFASs from water has not yet been explored. Additionally, although the DFB-CDP was designed to sequester PFASs on the basis of favorable fluorous interactions, the rationale for its relatively high affinity for PFOA compared to other previously synthesized β-CD polymers remains unknown. In this study, we explored cross-linker chemistry as a potential determinant of PFAS affinity for β-CD polymers. We synthesized three DFB-CDP derivatives with varying degrees of phenolation in the cros...
Privately Owned Autonomous Vehicle Optimization Model Development and Integration with Activity-Based Modeling and Dynamic Traffic Assignment Framework:

This paper presents a first-order approach integrated with activity-based modeling and dynamic traffic assignment framework to model the impact of autonomous vehicles on household travel and activi...
Advances in the therapy of BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer.

Introduction: BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive tumor subset with an approximate 8% incidence. In these patients, standard chemotherapy has limited efficacy, and the recent development of novel-targeted treatment regimens may significantly improve clinical outcome. Area covered: This review provides an overview of available data regarding advances in the first-line treatment of BRAFV600E metastatic CRC including patient tumors with microsatellite instability. The implications of BRAFV600E in earlier stage CRC are also discussed. Expert opinion: Recently, significant progress has been achieved in improving tumor response rates using a novel-targeted regimen in patients with BRAFV600E metastatic CRC. The implications of BRAFV600E in non-metastatic CRC are also becoming more evident and remains an area of ongoing investigation. The majority of CRCs with microsatellite instability high are sporadic and frequently harbor BRAFV600E. All patients with microsatellite instability high metastatic CRCs, irrespective of BRAFV600E, are candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors. The optimal sequencing of treatment regimens for patients with BRAFV600E metastatic CRCs is an important area for future research.
Discrete-Time vs. Continuous-Time Epidemic Models in Networks

Epidemic models have been a widely used mathematical tool in network security and social networks to study malware propagation and information dissemination. However, the relationships and the differences of discrete-time and continuous-time epidemic models in networks have not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, we focus on the susceptible-infectious model and attempt to connect and compare different discrete-time and continuous-time epidemic models through both theoretical analysis and empirical verification. We find that epidemic models can be distinguished based on whether a model considers the following three key factors: time intervals, spatial dependence among nodes, and linearization. We theoretically and empirically show that ignoring time intervals, assuming spatial independence among nodes, or applying linearization can cause a model to possibly over-predict the propagation speed of an epidemic. Especially, we discover that a widely used continuous-time epidemic model cannot accurately characterize the spread of the actual epidemic by ignoring both time intervals and spatial dependence among nodes.
Upper Elementary School Student Perceptions of Physical Education: High Attitude and Moderate/Low Attitudes

This study examined the perceptions of upper elementary school students toward physical education (PE). High and moderate/low attitude students (N = 16) participated. Two themes emerged: (a) it is important to have fun in PE (students are excited to go to PE, PE is their favorite class, the teacher influences perceptions of fun) and (b) class activities are important (moderate/low students enjoyed team problem solving, fitness activities were controversial). The results suggest that class organization and content influence perceptions.Subscribe to TPE
Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXXIX. Effect of orally administered activated charcoal on the hypnotic activity of phenobarbital and the neurotoxicity of theophylline administered intravenously to rats with renal failure.

The central nervous system (CNS) sensitivity to the hypnotic (general anesthetic) action of pheno-barbital and to the neurotoxic (convulsive) action of theophylline is greater in rats with acute renal failure than in normal animals, consistent with clinical observations. In the case of phenobarbital, this increased sensitivity can be produced in normal rats by infusion of a solution of the lyophilized dialysate of serum from rats with renal failure. It was hypothesized that the relevant constituent(s) of this dialysate may circulate between the blood and the intestinal lumen and that it (they) can be adsorbed by orally administered activated charcoal and thereby removed from the body. If so, treatment of renal failure rats with activated charcoal should partly reverse the increased CNS sensitivity to phenobarbital and to other drugs similarly affected. Accordingly, rats with renal failure produced by bilateral ligation of ureters were given an aqueous suspension of activated charcoal, about 1 g per kg body weight, orally every 8 hr for six doses. Uremic controls received equal volumes of water. About 2 hr after the last dose, the animals were infused i.v. with phenobarbital to onset of loss of righting reflex or with theophylline to onset of maximal seizures. In the phenobarbital study, charcoal treatment partly reversed the hypothermia associated with renal failure and caused a reduction of creatinine and total bilirubin concentrations in serum. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of phenobarbital at onset of loss of the righting reflex was significantly higher in charcoal treated rats than in their controls. In the theophylline experiment, charcoal treatment had no significant effect on the measured biochemical variables but caused a large increase in the dose and concentrations of theophylline required to produce maximal seizures. In both experiments, administration of activated charcoal caused a reversal of the hyperalgesia associated with renal failure, as determined before drug administration by tail flick latency. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oral administration of activated charcoal can cause a reduction in the concentration of the circulating endogenous substance(s) that alters the pharmacodynamics of certain drugs in renal failure.
Memory advancement by intranasal insulin in type 2 diabetes (MemAID) randomized controlled clinical trial: Design, methods and rationale.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accelerates brain aging and increases the risk for dementia. Insulin is a key neurotrophic factor in the brain, where it modulates energy metabolism, neurovascular coupling, and regeneration. Impaired insulin-mediated brain signaling and central insulin resistance may contribute to cognitive and functional decline in T2DM. Intranasal insulin (INI) has emerged as a potential therapy for treating T2DM-related cognitive impairment. Methods/design Ongoing from 2015, a prospective, two-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 210 subjects (120 T2DM and 90 non-diabetic older adults) randomized into four treatment arms (60 T2DM-INI, 60 T2DM-Placebo, 45 Control-INI, and 45 Control-Placebo) evaluating the long-term effects of daily intranasal administration of 40 International Units (IU) of human insulin, as compared to placebo (sterile saline) over 24 weeks and 24 weeks of post-treatment follow-up. Study outcomes are: 1) long-term INI effects on cognition, daily functionality, and gait speed; 2) identifying a clinically relevant phenotype that predicts response to INI therapy; 3) long-term safety. Conclusion This study addresses an important knowledge gap about the long-term effects of intranasal insulin on memory and cognition in older people with T2DM and non-diabetic controls, and may provide a novel therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of cognitive and functional decline and dementia. Trial Registration NCT02415556
A Practical Model for Educators to Predict Student Performance in K-12 Education using Machine Learning

Predicting classifiers can be used to analyze data in K-12 education. Creating a classification model to accurately identify factors affecting student performance can be challenging. Much research has been conducted to predict student performance in higher education, but there is limited research in using data science to predict student performance in K-12 education. Predictive models are developed and examined in this review to analyze a K-12 education dataset. Three classifiers are used to develop these predictive models, including linear regression, decision tree, and Naive Bayes techniques. The Naive Bayes techniques showed the highest accuracy when predicting SAT Math scores for high school students. The results from this review of current research and the models presented in this paper can be used by stakeholders of K-12 education to make predictions of student performance and be able to implement intervention strategies for students in a timely manner.
Use of Tisseel, a Fibrin Sealant, for Particulate Graft Stabilization.

One clinical problem when augmenting a narrow or vertically deficient ridge is maintenance of the graft position during the immediate healing phase and preservation of the augmentation over time. The use of Tisseel (Baxter, Deerfield, IL), a fibrin sealant product, to stabilize particulate grafts, has been reported, and we have reviewed its use. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin and forms a fibular network that binds the particulate graft. A protease inhibitor is included, which prevents lysis of the coagulum for at least 2 weeks and allows for fibrous ingrowth and graft stabilization. We have reviewed the reported data and included 2 case reports to demonstrate the use of Tisseel.
Abstract A55: Uncovering the mechanism of Trib1 in cancer immunotherapy

T cells provide a fundamental role in cell-mediated immunity, but during chronic antigen exposure such as in the case of cancer, T cells begin to lose effector function and undergo exhaustion. Our goal is to find a target within T cells that could be manipulated to prolong T-cell function and reduce tumor growth. Initial experiments focused on the pseudokinase Trib1, as data suggest that Trib1 acts as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. T cells isolated from mice in which Trib1 was specifically ablated within the T-cell compartment produced more IL-2 compared to wild-type T cells. T cells lacking Trib1 also proliferated more than wild-type T cells. In mice lacking Trib1 in grafted tumor models, tumor growth was reduced. These observations suggest that Trib1 restricts T-cell activation and function. Trib1 is a pseudokinase that is thought to act as a scaffolding molecule to facilitate protein interactions. To understand the mechanism by which Trib1 regulates T-cell function, we performed a proteomic screen to identify interacting partners. The screen was performed in Jurkat cells, an immortalized human T-cell line, expressing a FLAG/strep tagged Trib1. A FLAG pulldown was performed to isolate Trib1, and interacting partners were identified by mass spectrometry. The screen revealed two interacting partners: RFWD2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase also known as COP1, and DET1, a binding partner of COP1. These results provide evidence that Trib1 interacts with COP1 in T cells and suggest that this interaction might be important in the regulation of T-cell function and the regression of tumor growth. Note:This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Franklin Iheanacho, Sarah J. Stein, Kelly S. Rome, Martha S. Jordan, Warren S. Pear. Uncovering the mechanism of Trib1 in cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A55.
10 – Filling in missing data

Chapter 10, Filling in Missing Data, discusses the interpolation of one- and two-dimensional data. Interpolation is shown to be yet another special case of the linear model. The relationship between interpolation and the gap-filling techniques developed in Chapter 5 is shown to be related to different approaches to implementing prior information about the properties of the data. Linear and spline interpolation, as well as kriging, are developed. Two-dimensional interpolation and Delaunay triangulation, a critical technique for organizing two-dimensional data, are explained. Two-dimensional Fourier transforms, which are also important in many two-dimensional data analysis scenarios, are also discussed.
Determining Crack Tip Shielding by Means of Acoustic Transmission and Diffraction Measurements

Asperity contact along the fracture surface of a crack is one of the mechanisms of crack closure. This contact shields the crack tip, in part, from the externally applied driving force on the crack. We have now succeeded in using experimental information, obtained under plane strain conditions from acoustic transmission and diffraction experiments in the closure region [1,2] to determine a stress intensity factor, KI(local), which shields the crack tip below a stress intensity factor KIclosure a t first contact during unloading occurs.
Bacteremia and Bacterial Sepsis

A 19-year-old university freshman is found unconscious lying on the floor of the shared bathroom in his residence hall. Emergency medical services are called. When they arrive, the student is breathing spontaneously, his heart rate is 130 beats per minute, and his blood pressure is 75/40. He moans briefly when two large bore intravenous catheters are placed. No clinical change is noted following an injection of naloxone. His fingerstick blood glucose is 180 mg/dl. A normal saline bolus is administered during his transfer to the hospital by ambulance, accompanied by his roommate.
Gubernatorial Elections and Coattail Effects of Women Candidates

Much existing research on coattail effects focuses on the president’s ability to attract votes for congressional candidates of the same party. In addition to candidates’ parties being noted on the ...
Spatial microstructural analysis for selective laser melted components

Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-based superalloy that exhibits excellent tensile and impact resistant properties along with good corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Due to the work hardening property of IN718, the machinability of this superalloy is low , which paves a path to adopt the selective laser melting (SLM) process to fabricate IN718. SLM process is governed by process parameters like hatch spacing, scan speed, layer thickness, scan pattern and laser power. This variation in these parameters shall influence the microstructural properties. The various scan patterns adopted for this study are chess, stripes, flow-optimized, and customized scan strategy. These various scan patterns shall cause a variation in the area of the heat-affected zones to change the temperature gradient, which thereby determines the grain size ranging from equiaxed to elongated. There is a difference between the magnitude of thermal gradients generated between the lower layers and top-most layers during the build process. As the microstructure of the part is dependent on the thermal intensity between the layers, it is necessary to study the effect of scan strategy on the microstructure. The study focuses on the effect of the variation in scan patterns on the microstructure of the part.
The Paycheck Protection Program: Small Business Balances, Revenues, and Expenses in the Weeks after Loan Disbursement

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was an unprecedented effort to provide liquidity to and support the payroll of small businesses impacted by COVID-19. Leveraging daily transactions from a de-identified dataset of small businesses that hold Chase Business Banking deposit accounts and received PPP loans, this report explores loan amounts relative to all operating expenses as well as small business cash flows in the weeks before and after PPP loans were disbursed. The analysis includes businesses that received PPP loans in May and July 2020 and shows that the loans helped bolster small business cash balances and supported expenses during a period of depressed revenues. In particular, we found: (1) Among firms with PPP loans, the proceeds were typically enough to cover 3.8 weeks of expenses; (2) PPP increased the typical small business cash balances by 136 percent, supporting an immediate increase in expenses; (3) Other COVID relief programs and transfers may have bolstered balances of firms that received PPP loans later. While the program supported payroll as intended, policymakers should note that payroll is just one of the many expenses small businesses face and consider that relief for small businesses, especially the vast majority which are nonemployers, may need to encompass more than payroll assistance.
Skin Inflammation After Immunization

In clinical trials for the vaccine, which is manufactured by Moderna, immediate site reactions were common (84% after the first dose), but delayed site reactions were rare (0.8% after the first dose and 0.2% after the second dose).1 Because this is a new vaccine against a novel coronavirus, there is little previous experience with possible reactions. A recent case series described 12 patients with similar delayed reactions.2 These patients developed an area of erythema and warmth around the injection site after systemic symptoms from the vaccine had resolved. [...]neither initial nor delayed local reactions are considered contraindications to vaccination.3 Cellulitis is an infection involving the skin and underlying superficial soft tissues.4 It presents as erythema and warmth but is nonfluctuant and associated with limited systemic symptoms unless an abscess develops.
Role of food neophobia and early exposure in children's implicit attentional bias to fruits and vegetables.

Abstract Children often struggle to eat the daily recommended servings of fruits and vegetables, and as a result many have poor nutrient intake. This is especially problematic for neophobic children; or those who are hesitant to try new foods. Maratos and Staples [Appetite, 91, 220–225 (2015)] found that children who are high in food neophobia show attentional biases to unfamiliar fruits and vegetables, which may be related to their low consumption of these healthy foods. The present study sought to replicate and extend these findings, by using a visual dot-probe task that paired images of fruits and vegetables to perceptually matched neutral control stimuli. Seventy-eight 5-8 year-old children (Mage = 6.4 years, SD = 1.1, 42% girls) participated. Initial analyses failed to reveal significant attentional biases to the foods in children who were high in neophobia. Subsequent exploratory analyses included children's previous exposure to the foods in the task as a moderator variable. These analyses revealed that overall, children showed an attentional bias away from familiar fruits and vegetables. Moreover, previous exposure to the foods moderated the effect of food neophobia on attentional bias. For children who were low in food neophobia, as their fruit and vegetable exposure increased, their attentional bias away from the familiar foods decreased. In contrast, for food neophobic children, as fruit and vegetable exposure increased, they showed more attentional bias away from familiar foods. Although these findings failed to replicate those reported by Maratos and Staples (2015), they suggest that children's attentional biases to healthy foods may be a result of the interplay between food neophobia and the food environment to which they are exposed.
Potassium intoxication: Report of an infant surviving a serum potassiumlevel of 12.27 millimoles per liter

Summary An infant suffering with potassium intoxication recovered following the intravenousinjection of calcium gluconate and hypertonic glucose solutions.
Experimental evidence of a dimensional crossover in Y1Ba2Cu3O(7-delta)

High-resolution torque-magnetometry data have been obtained on an untwinned single crystal of Y1Ba2Cu3O(7-delta) in the temperature range 63-88 K (Tc = 90.5 K). At T = 80 K and above, the data are fitted extremely well with the accepted three-dimensional phenomenological theory, but below this temperature an anomalous torque develops when the magnetic field lies close to the Cu-O planes. The qualitative and quantitative features of these results provide strong evidence that breakdown of the three-dimensional description below 80 K is associated with a crossover to two-dimensional superconducting behavior.
Simple and General Statistical Profiling with PCT

The Profile Collection Toolkit (PCT) provides a novel generalized CPU profiling facility. PCT enables arbitrarily late profiling activation and arbitrarily early report generation. PCT usually requires no re-compilation, re-linking, or even restarting of programs. Profiling reports gracefully degrade with available debugging data. PCT uses its debugger controller, dbctl, to drive a debugger’s control over a process. dbctl has a configuration language that allows users to specify context-specific debugger commands. These commands can sample general program state, such as call stacks and function parameters. For systems or situations with poor debugger support, PCT provides several other portable and flexible collection methods. PCT can track most program code, including code in shared libraries and late-loaded shared objects. On Linux, PCT can seamlessly merge kernel CPU time profiles with user-level CPU profiles to create whole system reports.
Anthocyanidins and related compounds—X : Peroxide oxidation products of 3-alkylflavylium salts

Abstract In aqueous acetic acid solutions 3-alkylflavylium salts undergo a Baeyer-Villiger type oxidation with hydrogen peroxide to yield products formulated as 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-benzoyloxy-prop-1-ene derivatives of type VIa. Under slightly alkaline conditions these oxidation products readily rearrange to ortho -benzoyloxybenzyl ketones, e.g. IXa. Alkaline hydrolysis of both VIa and IXa yields the desoxybenzoin VII. In aqueous methanolic solutions these flavylium salts undergo a different type of oxidation, resulting in the formation of 3-acyl-2-phenylbenzofurans.
All advanced stage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with a polymerase chain reaction amplifiable breakpoint of bcl-2 have residual cells containing the bcl-2 rearrangement at evaluation and after treatment.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of bcl-2 provides an extremely sensitive method to detect minimal disease in approximately 50% of patients with non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas (NHL). In an attempt to determine the clinical usefulness of this technique, we examined the bone marrow (BM) of 152 patients with advanced-stage NHL at the time of evaluation and after induction or salvage chemotherapy before autologous BM transplantation. The BM proved to be an accessible and reproducible tissue source to determine PCR positivity because all of the 102 patients examined had the same PCR-amplifiable breakpoint in their BM and lymph node. At the time of evaluation, PCR analysis in advanced- stage NHL patients added little additional information to morphologic analysis because each technique identified BM infiltration in approximately 70% of patients. PCR was significantly more useful in determining BM infiltration after induction or salvage therapy. At that time, approximately 50% of patients had morphologically normal BM, whereas PCR analysis remained positive in 100% of those with an amplifiable breakpoint. These observations were confirmed in a clinical trial attempting to induce remission in previously untreated low-grade advanced-stage NHL patients. In this series, PCR was positive in all patients after treatment although the BM was histologically uninvolved in 50% of cases, showing that conventional therapy did not eradicate bcl-2-positive cells.
Forward error correction in passive UHF Gen2 communications

In this paper, we present an evaluation of two forward error correction (FEC) codes, Hamming codes and Reed-Solomon codes, used in the tag communications within the ISO 18000-63 (Gen2) passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag identification protocol. Gen2 tags utilize backscatter communication, and their communication signal is often −60dBm or lower when it reaches the reader. Signals at this power level are very susceptible to noise and other interference effects, and they are at the limits of the typical reader's receive sensitivity. The communications from the Gen2 tag to the reader are protected with a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) that detects, but does not correct, potential communication errors. We present an evaluation of Hamming codes and Reed-Solomon codes used within the tag's communication during the Gen2 identification process. We find that the Hamming codes provide minimal improvement over CRC and do not perform well under high error rates. The Reed-Solomon codes, in contrast, are able to correct nearly all common transmission errors in an environment with a bit error rate of 0.025, resulting in a message retransmission rate of less than 2% as compared to a retransmission rate of approximately 65% for messages protected with just a CRC.