cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolving Mismatches in Energy Decision Making

This chapter discusses the process by which decisions related to the energy sector are made. The complexity of the energy system makes energy decisions difficult. The system involves an interdependent set of supply technologies such as coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, electricity and renewables, and demand sectors, including the residential, commercial, industrial, agriculture and transportation sectors, each with their own special energy requirements. The energy system is dynamic and changes quickly. Energy decision makers need to look back and learn from past experiences, including the outcomes of previous energy policies and projects. They must look ahead and anticipate what might happen in the future. They also need to look sideways and consider both supply-side and demand-side components, non-energy infrastructures such as transportation, water supply and communication, and the environment.
Recent Progress in Nevanlinna’s Theory of Meromorphic Functions

We shall consider meromorphic functions f defined in the whole complex plane C. If f is a rational function of degree n then f takes on every value a ∈ C*= C u {∞} exactly n times when account is taken of multiplicities and the behavior of f at ∞. When f is transcendental Picard’s theorem (1879) asserts that f takes on every value a ∈ C* infinitely often, with at most two possible exceptions. The exponential function f(z) = ez omits a = O and a = ∞, thus showing that two exceptional values are possible. Since Euler played an important role in the development of ez, we may regard him as one of the important contributions to our subject.
Neural Mechanisms of Dominance Hierarchies in Crayfish

The behavior of animals changes when they form a dominance hierarchy, and the change depends on the position they adopt in the hierarchy (Moynihan 1998). This chapter considers the relationship between the changes in the behavior of crayfish that accompany formation of a dominance hierarchy and the underlying change in the neural circuitry which mediates that behavior. During formation of a dominance hierarchy, two previously unacquainted animals meet and decide through mutual interaction which will have greater access to available resources now and in the future. Although their behavior may have been quite similar before their meeting, shortly afterwards it is not: one initiates nearly all agonistic encounters with attacks on the other, which escapes from these assaults with a rapid tailflip. Two weeks later, the level of aggression is much less, and both attacks and escapes are infrequent as the subordinate actively avoids the dominant. What accounts for this change in behavior? How does the nervous system change during these 2 weeks to produce very different behavior patterns in dominant and subordinate animals?
Reviving B-Factors: Activating ALK Mutations Increase Protein Dynamics of the Unphosphorylated Kinase

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that can become oncogenic by activating mutations or overexpression. Full kinetic characterization of both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated wildtype and mutant ALK kinase domain was done. Our structure-based drug design programs directed at ALK allowed us to interrogate whether X-ray crystallography data could be used to support the hypothesis that activation of ALK by mutation occurs due to increased protein dynamics. Crystallographic B-factors were converted to normalized B-factors, which allowed analysis of wildtype ALK, ALK-C1156Y, and ALK-L1196M. This data suggests that mobility of the P-loop, αC-helix, and activation loop (A-loop) may be important in catalytic activity increases, with or without phosphorylation. Both molecular dynamics simulations and hydrogen-deuterium exchange experimental data corroborated the normalized B-factors data.
An Objective Method for Forecasting Thunderstorms at Truax Field, Madison, Wisconsin

Thunderstorm activity at Madison is frontal or found in association with fronts. The objective method derived to forecast thunderstorms determines first the air mass favorable for the occurrence of...
EFFECT OF CREATIVE ACCOUNTING ON SHAREHOLDERS’ WEALTH IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS: (A STUDY OF SELECTED BANKS IN DELTA STATE)

This study is motivated by the existence of a deficiency in the financial reporting system in Nigeria, which is the act of creative accounting. The rate at which financial statements of various Nigerian companies are being manipulated is increasing and greatly affects the various stakeholders in one way or the other. This research work focuses on “the effect of creative accounting on shareholders wealth in business organizations”. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of creative accounting on shareholders wealth. Four (4) research questions were raised for the study and four (4) hypotheses were formulated. The survey research design was adopted with a sample size of fifty (50). The questionnaires were instruments used for data collection. The data collected was subjected to simple validity and reliability test. The analysis of data was based on statistical frequency table and simple percentages, while correlation analysis was used to test hypothesis. Some of the findings are that creative accounting affects shareholders wealth and their investment decisions. Also, it has a great impact on the share prices of the business organizations. Based on these findings, it is recommended that only well and legally audited financial statements should be relied on by shareholders in making important decisions. Also, the financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) should always ensure good corporate governance and due compliance with accounting standards, framework and other relevant legal statutes in Nigeria.
Forced sex among youth: accrual of risk by gender identity, sexual orientation, mental health and bullying

Forced sex is a major issue experienced by individuals of all ages, genders, and sexual orientations. Little is known about how LGBQ, transgender, and non-binary young people experience sexual viol...
Sustainability at the Coca-Cola Company in a New Era of Brand Building

This case is used in Darden's course elective on managing corporate communications. It offers students a concise history of The Coca-Cola Company's (TCCC's) brand history before focusing on the importance that TCCC's Office of Sustainability currently plays in the communications strategy for the brand. The case analyzes how the Office of Sustainability works both locally and globally to partner in innovative ways with stakeholders along the entire supply chain, working together to lessen the environmental impact of TCCC's business. Excerpt UVA-BC-0262 Dec. 21, 2015 Sustainability at The Coca-Cola Company in a New Era of Brand Building I'm convinced that some of the most important business breakthroughs will be sustainability innovations. That's where I believe the action will be—and where we're moving at Coca-Cola. —Muhtar Kent, CEO and Chairman Where we are going is further embedding sustainability across our business. . . .
Modeling and data infrastructure for human-centric design and operation of sustainable, healthy buildings through a case study

Abstract This paper focuses on data infrastructure that is central to the modeling of design and operation of sustainable and healthy buildings. While reducing energy consumption by making buildings more energy efficient has been touted as an easily obtainable approach to promoting carbon-neutral energy societies, the sustainable buildings’ benefits and impacts on human wellbeing have not been clearly quantified to the extent that they may directly influence the decision of adopting sustainable building designs. The authors argue that focusing on the wellbeing of people occupying the buildings will lead to significant changes in the decision-making process of the design and operation of sustainable buildings. The authors propose a framework to define the type of data that can be measured or acquired and contributed to the design and operation of buildings for energy efficiency in relation to human wellbeing and social economic aspects. The framework can benefit building designers and operators for decision-making using wellbeing-centric life cycle assessment. The methodology presented in the paper is supported through a case study.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHOLINERGIC AND ADRENERGIC NEURONS IN A SYMPATHETIC GANGLION: RECIPROCAL REGULATION AT THE SYNAPSE

SUMMARY The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in the neonatal mouse is employed as a model system to discuss the regulation of development of presynaptic cholinergic nerves and postsynaptic adrenergic neurons. During the course of maturation, presynaptic choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity increases thirty- to forty-fold, whereas postsynaptic tyrosine hydroxylase (T-OH) activity rises six- to eight-fold. Transection of the presynaptic cholinergic nerves which innervate the ganglion prevents the normal development of postsynaptic T-OH activity, suggesting that trans-synaptic influences are necessary for normal postsynaptic maturation. Furthermore, pharmacologic ganglionic blockade reproduces the effects of decentralization, implying that depolarization is necessary for normal postsynaptic development and, further, that presynaptic acetylcholine itself may constitute the trans-synaptic message. Conversely, the postsynaptic neuron appears to contribute to the normal development of presynaptic cholinergic fibers in SCG. Selective destruction of adrenergic neurons in neonatal mice with either 6-hydroxydopamine or antiserum to nerve growth factor prevents the normal maturation of ChAc activity in presynaptic terminals of SCG. Thus presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons appear to exert reciprocal regulatory influences during ontogeny.
Bifactor Model of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Checklist: Replication and Invariance Across Time in the CARE Consortium Sample.

Background:Identifying separate dimensions of concussion symptoms may inform a precision medicine approach to treatment. It was previously reported that a bifactor model identified distinct acute p...
Contemporary Cybersecurity in Our Daily Lives

Throughout modern industrialized societies worldwide, we all find ourselves being surrounded by a wide array of internet-connected computing devices that are essentially “baked into” into any number of our everyday routines. These devices range from the glaring obvious—cell phones, computers/laptops/tablets, smart televisions, smart watches, and interactive home exercise equipment—to more subtle devices such as our modern automobiles, high-tech kitchen appliances, and even the garage door opener. We activate our virtual assistants with the sound of our voice, routinely gather our daily news, communicate, date, shop, attend virtual college courses, make travel reservations, and conduct our financial affairs all online. With a few clicks of a button or verbal commands, our logistical and financial well-being is at our fingertips—in real-time from virtually anywhere—a digital connection can be made. Today’s notions of digital security, physical security, financial/economic security, and even our individual identities and privacy needs all meld together into a pervasive sense of collective vulnerability. Any number of collective vulnerabilities can affect us all—ranging from power plants, financial institutions, transportation systems, and the availability of consumable commodities.
Young Adults' Short-Term Trajectories of Moderate Physical Activity: Relations With Self-Evaluation Processes.

Young adults face numerous barriers that can undermine their engagement in healthy behaviors. For example, young adults on average experience disproportionally large declines in physical activity participation compared to other demographic groups. Self-evaluation processes may help explain these declines. This study investigated young adults’ weekly trajectories of moderate physical activity, exploring self-evaluation processes including self-efficacy and shame as time varying covariates. A total of 71 young adults (Mage = 21.25, SD = 1.18; 55% male) reported moderate physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and anticipated shame toward exercise once a week for five weeks. Latent growth curve models showed that a linear slope fit these data better than alternative models. Parameters of the linear model revealed that these young adults reported engaging in 40 minutes of moderate PA approximately three days per week. However, there were physical activity differences in initial levels and rates of change. Exercise self-efficacy consistently predicted physical activity in a positive direction and with a small-to-medium magnitude. Anticipated shame was an inconsistent predictor of physical activity, showing a negative direction and small magnitude at time one and on average across the five weeks. These findings highlight considerable variability in young adults’ short-term trajectories of physical activity and underscore both positive and negative processes of exercise related self-evaluations. Future physical activity interventions targeting young adults should incorporate strategies that enhance self-efficacy (e.g., mastery experiences) and reduce feelings of shame (e.g., attribution training).
Tocilizumab Treatment for Cytokine Release Syndrome in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Survival and Clinical Outcomes.

Background Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, can be used to treat cytokine release syndrome (CRS), with observed improvements in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case series. Research Question The goal of this study was to determine if tocilizumab benefits patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Study Design and Methods This observational study of consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 10, 2020, and March 31, 2020, and followed up through April 21, 2020, was conducted by chart review. Patients were treated with tocilizumab using an algorithm that targeted CRS. Survival and mechanical ventilation (MV) outcomes were reported for 14 days and stratified according to disease severity designated at admission (severe, ≥ 3 L supplemental oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation > 93%). For tocilizumab-treated patients, pre/post analyses of clinical response, biomarkers, and safety outcomes were assessed. Post hoc survival analyses were conducted for race/ethnicity. Results Among the 239 patients, median age was 64 years; 36% and 19% were black and Hispanic, respectively. Hospital census increased exponentially, yet MV census did not. Severe disease was associated with lower survival (78% vs 93%; P Interpretation A treatment algorithm that included tocilizumab to target CRS may influence MV and survival outcomes. In tocilizumab-treated patients, oxygenation and inflammatory biomarkers improved, with higher than expected survival. Randomized trials must confirm these findings.
Acceleration of Subdivision Root-Finding for Sparse Polynomials

Univariate polynomial root-finding has been studied for four millennia and is still the subject of intensive research. Hundreds of efficient algorithms for this task have been proposed. A recent front-running algorithm relies on subdivision iterations. Already its initial implementation of 2018 has competed for user’s choice for root-finding in a region that contains a small number of roots. Recently, we significantly accelerated the basic blocks of these iterations, namely root-counting and exclusion tests. In [18], we solidified this approach and made our acceleration dramatic in the case of sparse polynomials and other ones defined by a black box for their fast evaluation. Our techniques are novel and should be of independent interest. In the present paper and its companion [19], we expose a substantial part of that work.
Differential measurements of Λ polarization in Au+Au collisions and a search for the magnetic field by STAR

Abstract Global hadron polarization, P ¯ H , was measured by the STAR collaboration through the Λ hyperon, confirming the existence of extremely large vorticities within the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A recent study using high-statistics data set at s NN = 200 GeV has shown that P ¯ H depends on collision centrality, azimuthal angle, ϕ, transverse momentum, pT, and pseudorapidity, η. We extend these differential measurements to the collision energies of s NN = 54.4 and 27 GeV , using three different detectors for the event-plane determination. Additionally, there is a suggested enhancement P ¯ Λ ¯ relative to P ¯ Λ across all beam energies; however, the statistics are too limited to make a significant measurement. A recent, high-statistics data set of Au+Au collisions at s NN = 27 GeV includes improved event-plane resolution; we discuss the feasibility of using this data set to study the possible splitting between P ¯ Λ and P ¯ Λ ¯ .
The age of perversion: desire and technology in psychoanalysis and culture: by Danielle Knafo and Rocco Lo Bosco, New York, Routledge, 2017, 283 pp., $56.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781138849211

The epigraph in Knafo and Lo Bosco's book, a quote from Kant, succinctly describes perversion as a tendency towards the crooked: “Out of timber so crooked as that from which man is made nothing ent...
Discrete Frequency Infrared Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy & Imaging

Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) arises from chiroptical phenomena in biological samples. We demonstrate VCD imaging, a novel microscopy technique that can provide molecular- and spatially-specific chirality mapping of biological tissues by measuring optical activity.
International Monies: The Gold Standard, Currency Boards, and Dollarization

This chapter studies international issues of three different monetary regimes: the gold standard, currency boards, and dollarization.
Education Law and Policy in the Time of COVID-19: Using a Legal Framework to Expose Educational Inequity

Empirical data show that the COVID-19 pandemic deepened and exacerbated social inequalities, to the detriment of low-income communities of color. Using the law as a conceptual framework and legal r...
Teaching community program clinicians motivational interviewing using expert and train-the-trainer strategies.

Aims The effectiveness of expert-led (EX) and train-the-trainer (TT) strategies was compared to a self-study approach (SS) for teaching clinicians motivational interviewing (MI). Design Twelve community treatment programs were assigned randomly to the three conditions. EX and TT conditions used skill-building workshops and three monthly supervision sessions guided by treatment integrity ratings, performance feedback and coaching techniques. Trainers in TT were first trained and certified in MI and then prepared carefully to deliver the workshops and supervise MI at their programs. Clinicians in SS only received the training materials. Setting Licensed out-patient and residential addiction and mental health treatment programs in the US state of Connecticut were involved in the study. Participants Ninety-two clinicians who provided addiction treatment within these programs and had limited experience with MI participated in the study. Measurements Primary outcomes were the clinicians' MI adherence and competence and the percentage of clinicians meeting clinical trial standards of MI performance. Assessments occurred at baseline, post-workshop, post-supervision and at 12-week follow-up. Findings The study found EX and TT, in comparison to SS, improved clinicians' adherence and competence significantly, with higher percentages of clinicians reaching clinical trial standards of MI performance and few differences between EX and TT. Conclusions This study supports the combined use of workshops and supervision to teach community program clinicians MI and suggests the train-the-trainer approach may be a feasible and effective strategy for disseminating empirically supported treatments.
A combined PLC and CPU approach to multiprocessor control

A sophisticated multiprocessor control system has been developed for use in the E-Power Supply System Integrated Control (EPSSIC) on the DIII-D tokamak. EPSSIC provides control and interlocks for the ohmic heating coil power supply and its associated systems. Of particular interest is the architecture of this system: both a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a central processor unit (CPU) have been combined on a standard VME bus. The PLC and CPU input and output signals are routed through signal conditioning modules, which provide the necessary voltage and ground isolation. Additionally these modules adapt the signal levels to that of the VME I/O boards. One set of I/O signals is shared between the two processors. The resulting multiprocessor system provides a number of advantages: redundant operation for mission critical situations, flexible communications using conventional TCP/IP protocols, the simplicity of ladder logic programming for the majority of the control code, and an easily maintained and expandable non-proprietary system.
A 3-D Chemistry Transport Model for Titan's Thermosphere

A 3–D model of the atmospheric chemistry of Saturn's moon Titan has been constructed which incorporates some of the latest advances of 1–D Titan chemistry models as well as 3–D GCMs for Titan in simplified-enough way that integrations covering many Earth years are numerically feasible. The thermosphere, with its shorter transport and chemistry time scales, reasonably simple circulation, and basic 3–D coverage of the moon with Cassini INMS observations, is the primary focus of this study. The model is first validated as far as possible against the observations, showing that it performs quite well for most species, given the general margins of error and uncertainties inherent in Titan modeling. Winds are not seen to have the same overriding influence on concentrations as an earlier study using a pre-Cassini GCM wind field suggested (Doege et al., 2008), but nonetheless many species such as ethane exhibit sensitivity to advection and a chemistry transport model with advection does improve the fit to observations over a model with only diffusive transport. Overall it is found that state-of-the-art GCMs for Titan deliver winds realistic enough for the chemistry model to correctly reproduce the basic shapes of chemical species distributions with a variety of chemical lifetimes. In some instances, the limitations of the Cassini measurements become apparent and model results point to difficulties and uncertainties with the INMS data retrieval process (e.g. for C4H6) that would be less conspicuous by analyzing only Cassini observations without a model. Then some specific scientific topics are explored, namely the influence of the Solar cycle and of vertically-propagating tidal waves. As the Cassini measurements so far cover a period of decreasing and generally below-average Solar activity, Solar minimum conditions are particularly of interest, because chemistry models for Titan have so far normally been run for Solar average UV output. It is found that some species such as propane react strongly to changes in Solar irradiance and the resulting concentrations of primary photolysis products. However, chemical distributions remain recognizable from the Control experiment and accounting for the Solar cycle does not resolve remaining issues with chemistry schemes for Titan's atmosphere. Atmospheric tidal waves which are forced mainly in the lower atmosphere also influence the thermosphere significantly, therefore the possbility that chemical concentrations might be measurably affected by these waves is explored with the model. The conclusion is drawn that the effects of such waves through their temperature perturbations alone, while they are easily detectable in the model, might be too weak to identify them in Cassini measurements.
Rectifying disordered brain dynamics to improve cognition in schizophrenia

Although most of us are more familiar with the spectacular psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, that characterize schizophrenia, it is the cognitive deficits that drive much of the disability seen in this illness, serving as a “glass ceiling” that limits social and occupational functioning in patients with the illness (1). Impaired cognition is largely unresponsive to antipsychotic treatment, and despite a very significant investment by the pharmaceutical industry for over a decade, no proven pharmacological treatments have been found for this disabling aspect of the illness. The study by Reinhart et al. (2) in PNAS takes a cognitive neuroscience approach to pursue an entirely new avenue for the treatment of impaired cognition and associated functional disability in schizophrenia.
Effects of topical application of chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis in monkeys. Histologic assessment.

All teeth except the lower right canine, premolars and molars, in each of 4 adult male macaque monkeys with heavy plaque deposits and severe gingivitis, were scaled and polished daily for 5 days, followed by daily topical applications of 2% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate. Minimal amounts of simple plaque containing epithelial cells and Gram positive cocci formed on the treated teeth whereas the untreated teeth retained heavy deposits of complex plaque. In chlorhexidine treated areras the clinical level of gingivitis appeared to subside to a minimum after 15-20 days. Histomorphometric assessments of gingivitis after 42 or 52 days treatment were made on decalcified paraffin sections, by measuring the total area of gingival connective tissue and the area containing inflammatory cells and calculating the proportion of gingival tissue affected. A total of 21 teeth were assessed. Untreated teeth had from 16-40% of the gingivba inflamed, treated teeth only 0-6%. Thus daily topical application of chlorhexidine significantly inhibits plaque accumulation and maintains a significant reduction in gingivitis in these animals. No differences in the nature or degree of keratinization could be detected between treated and untreated areas, nor were there any visible side effects of the use of chlorhexidine for this period.
A Difference Method Applied to Engineering Economy

Abstract A frequently occurring task is the finding of the present value and/or the annualized uniform equivalent of a series of end-of-year cash amounts. The computation may always be carried out through a year-by-year procedure, but this may be an arduous task when the number of years is large and a programmed computer is not used. Alternative formulas are developed which shorten the manual calculation, provided that the end-of-year cash amounts vary with time according to a polynomial of low degree. Extensive use is made of Newton's interpolation formula, Homer's scheme, and difference tables. A numerical example is provided.
Regulated Breathing Effect of Silicon Negative Electrode for Dramatically Enhanced Performance of Li-Ion Battery

Si is an attractive negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high specifi c capacity (≈3600 mAh g –1 ). However, the huge volume swelling and shrinking during cycling, which mimics a breathing effect at the material/electrode/cell level, leads to several coupled issues including fracture of Si particles, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and low Coulombic effi ciency. In this work, the regulation of the breathing effect is reported by using Si–C yolk–shell nanocomposite which has been well-developed by other researchers. The focus is on understanding how the nanoscaled materials design impacts the mechanical and electrochemical response at electrode level. For the fi rst time, it is possible to observe one order of magnitude of reduction on breathing effect at the electrode level during cycling: the electrode thickness variation reduced down to 10%, comparing with 100% in the electrode with Si nanoparticles as active materials. The Si–C yolk–shell nanocomposite electrode exhibits excellent capacity retention and high cycle effi ciency. In situ transmission electron microscopy and fi nite element simulations consistently reveals that the dramatically enhanced performance is associated with the regulated breathing of the Si in the new composite, therefore the suppression of the overall electrode expansion.
Regulation and inheritance of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.

Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) is unique among the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in that release from sympathoadrenal cells during neurotransmission is an integral part of the enzyme's physiology. Because of this unique attribute, the metabolic pathways regulating DBH cannot depend solely upon intraneuronal processes. This manuscript summarizes evidence relating to the regulation of DBH metabolism in the rat. Levels of DBH in the circulation, which derive from release of sympathoadrenal cellular enzyme stores, are genetically determined; even though inherited, circulating DBH levels bear no apparent consistent relationship to cellular enzyme levels or to sympathoadrenal function. These findings suggest that processes regulating neuronal release of DBH are separate from other processes regulating disposal of the circulating enzyme. We have evaluated the circulating DBH disposal pathways by standard metabolic techniques. Our data strongly suggest that clearance of DBH from the circulatory compartment is a main, and perhaps the primary, disposal mechanism for cellular enzyme stores.
Relationships Among Informant Based Measures of Social Skills and Student Achievement: A Longitudinal Examination of Differential Effects by Sex

Children's social skills are an important class of learned behaviors that facilitate success in the classroom; the primary method used in the assessment of social skills involves having parents or teachers complete standardized checklists using judgments of frequency or intensity. Children's (N = 1,102) social skills were modeled as time-varying predictors of student achievements within a latent growth curve model that allowed for estimation of student level variation and the possibility of non-linear achievement growth across 4–5 years of age and grades one, three, and five. Separate models were examined to determine whether ratings provided by mothers' accounted for more achievement score variance than ratings provided by teachers', and multi-group time-varying conditional latent growth curve models were investigated for boys and girls separately by informant type. Results indicated that children's social skills accounted for levels of achievement score variance that were most pronounced at pre-school a...
Quality evaluation of coatings by automatic scratch testing

Abstract The soundness and comparative quality of various coatings were evaluated with a CSEM-Revetest automatic scratch tester. These coatings were: TiB 2 on MP35N alloy, TiN on PH 17-4 steel and (Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -Cr 2 O 3 ) on PH 17-4 steel. During scratch testing the acoustic emission signal intensity, the frictional force and the friction coefficient were plotted vs. load, as well as time at various constant loads. Scratch test results were correlated with coating microstructure which was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Significant difference in quality and soundness was detected for TiN coatings processed by two different methods. This difference was confirmed by abrasive wear resistance measurements.
Patient predictors of follow-up care attendance in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients.

Abstract Background Multidisciplinary care after bariatric surgery is important for long-term safety and optimal weight loss, yet many patients do not attend follow-up appointments. We sought to identify demographic, psychosocial, and weight-related variables that were associated with medical and behavioral health appointment attendance after bariatric surgery. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted with consecutive patients (n=538) obtaining first-time Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery between August 2009 and August 2010. Demographic and psychosocial data were compared between high (>50%) and low (≤50%) medical appointment attendees and high (>50%) and low (≤50%) behavioral health group attendees in their first postoperative year. Percentage excess weight loss at 6 months after surgery was evaluated as a predictor of 12-month appointment attendance. Results High medical appointment attendees were more likely to be older, be Caucasian, and have lower phobic anxiety than low medical appointment attendees. High behavioral health attendees had shorter travel distance to the clinic and lower levels of hostility, anxiety, and phobic anxiety compared with low attendees. In multivariate analyses, race/ethnicity and phobic anxiety remained significant predictors of medical attendance, while travel distance to clinic predicted behavioral health attendance. Six-month percent excess weight loss predicted medical appointment attendance at 12 months. Conclusion The identified predictors of poor attendance at medical and behavioral bariatric surgery follow-up appointments should inform efforts to increase follow-up and improve surgical outcomes.
Retrospective Testimony and the IEP: Implications of R.E., M.E., et al. v. New York City Department of Education

Individualized education programs are considered the cornerstone of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act and serve as the means to determine whether qualified students with disabilities receive a Free Appropriate Public Education. This article aims to examine a recent circuit court ruling regarding the applicability of retrospective testimony to determine the appropriateness of an individualized education program and to discuss implications for practice. The authors first review case law and provide a summary of the court's rationale. They subsequently discuss implications for practice.
Isolated Lymphatic Vessel Perfusion System Design for Independently Controlling Hoop Stress and Shear Stress

Most tissues in the body are supported by the lymphatic system for a variety of functions, including the regulation of fluid balance, the removal of particulate matter from the interstitium, as well as the transport of fat from the intestine to the blood, among others. Lymphedema, a chronic disease characterized by an inability of the lymphatics to maintain tissue homeostasis and estimated to affect over 130 million people worldwide, can result in serious clinical problems for which there are very few beneficial cures or therapies [1]. However, despite the importance of lymphatics and the prevalence of lymphatic disease, very little is known about the particular mechanisms through which the lymphatics fulfill its primary functions.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The acoustoelastic response of a textured material during elastic-plastic deformation

Acoustoelasticity is a technique for the nondestructive evaluation of stress which relates changes in the speeds at which plane waves propagate through a solid to variations in the stress state. In the present work, the acoustoelastic behavior of a polycrystalline aggregate during elasticplastic deformation is investigated. Results are reported for a series of uniaxial tests in which the velocities of longitudinal and shear waves were monitored during elastic-plastic deformation of aluminum 5086-H32. A specific microstructural mechanism—the reorientation of grains due to plastic deformation—is investigated as a cause for the observed changes in acoustoelastic response which occur during elastic-plastic deformation. The Taylor theory analysis of the grain reorientation predicts velocity changes that are of the same sign and order of magnitude as the experimental results for shear waves but not for longitudinal waves.
Structural Basis of Dimerization-dependent Ubiquitination by the SCFFbx4 Ubiquitin Ligase

The F-box proteins are the substrate recognition subunits of the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-Rbx1-F- box protein) ubiquitin ligase complexes that control the stability of numerous regulators in eukaryotic cells. Here we show that dimerization of the F-box protein Fbx4 is essential for SCFFbx4 (the superscript denotes the F-box protein) ubiquitination activity toward the telomere regulator Pin2 (also known as TRF1). The crystal structure of Fbx4 in complex with an adaptor protein Skp1 reveals an antiparallel dimer configuration in which the linker domain of Fbx4 interacts with the C-terminal substrate-binding domain of the other protomer, whereas the C-terminal domain of the protein adopts a compact α/β fold distinct from those of known F-box proteins. Biochemical studies indicate that both the N-terminal domain and a loop connecting the linker and C-terminal domain of Fbx4 are critical for the dimerization and activation of the protein. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the role of F-box dimerization in the SCF-mediated ubiquitination reaction.
Telling Is Compelling: The Impact of Student Reports of Bullying on Teacher Intervention.

Research increasingly recognises the importance of student bystander and adult educator shared responsibility for successful bully prevention. The role of teacher observations versus student reports of bullying, as well as staff preparedness, as predictors of teacher involvement was investigated in 115 middle school teachers. Being told by students about bullying incidents was the strongest predictor of teacher involvement. However, the relation between being told about bullying, or observing it, and coaching students on how to manage bullying was most evident when teachers felt highly prepared to handle bullying situations. Results from this study point to the pivotal role that both teacher preparedness and student reporting play in teacher responsiveness to bullying. Implications for training school professionals and bully prevention programmes are discussed.
Case Report: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Membranous Nephropathy in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

A 60-year-old woman with a diagnosis of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma presented with nephrotic syndrome. Her clinical picture and serological studies were consistent with the diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Renal biopsy demonstrated the changes of membranous nephropathy by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide had no effect on the proteinuria, and she demonstrated progression of renal failure. This patient demonstrates that the lymphadenopathy associated with MCTD may be of a separate malignant origin. The treatment of MCTD may not alter the course of renal disease, and renal failure may ensue in patients with MCTD.
The Consequence Model of Partner Jealousy Expression: Elaboration and Refinement

Bevan's (2006) consequence model of partner jealousy expression was proposed to understand the responses of an individual (“jealousy target”) whose partner expresses jealousy. This project employs data from community members and students who recalled actual romantic partner jealousy expressions to expand upon and refine this consequence model. Path analyses determined three major model refinements: (1) the inclusion of self-uncertainty; (2) negative jealousy-related emotion was multidimensional; and (3) these cognitions and emotions culminated in attack and aggression responses. However, proposed positive components of the model were removed to maximize model fit. Implications for jealousy expression research are discussed.
A digital recursive measurement scheme for online tracking of power system harmonics

An optimal measurement scheme for tracking the harmonics in power system voltage and current waveforms is presented. The scheme does not require an integer number of samples in an integer number of cycles. It is not limited to stationary signals, but it can track harmonics with time-varying amplitudes. A review is first presented of the common frequency domain techniques for harmonics measurement. The frequency domain techniques are based on the discrete Fourier transform and the fast Fourier transform. Examples of pitfalls in the common techniques are given. The authors then introduce the concepts of the new scheme. This scheme is based on Kalman filtering theory for the optimal estimation of the parameters of time-varying harmonics. The scheme was tested on simulated and actual recorded data sets. It is concluded that the Kalman filtering algorithm is more accurate than the other techniques. >
Microstructural development of a Cf/ZrC composite manufactured by reactive melt infiltration

The microstructural development of a carbon fibre reinforced ZrC matrix composite, Cf/ZrC, manufactured by reactive melt infiltration (RMI) was investigated. The microstructural features of the composite were revealed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the carbon fibre bundles are surrounded by continuous ZrC layers, while the composite matrix is composed of island-like ZrC particles dispersed within an α-Zr–ZrC eutectic phase. Nanosized inclusions were found inside some ZrC particles and it was demonstrated that they were α-Zr or α-Zr–ZrC. A formation mechanism of the unique matrix microstructure is proposed.
Restricting 32–128 km horizontal scales hardly affects the MJO in the Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model v.3.0 but the number of cloud-resolving grid columns constrains vertical mixing

The effects of artificially restricting the 32–128 km horizontal scale regime on MJO dynamics in the Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model v.3.0 have been explored through reducing the extent of its embedded cloud resolving model (CRM) arrays. Two and four-fold reductions in CRM extent (from 128 to 64 km and 32 km) produce statistical composite MJO signatures with spatial scale, zonal phase speed, and intrinsic wind-convection anomaly structure that are all remarkably similar to the standard SPCAM's MJO. This suggests that the physics of mesoscale convective organization on 32–128 km scales are not critical to MJO dynamics in SPCAM and that reducing CRM extent may be a viable strategy for 400% more computationally efficient analysis of superparameterized MJO dynamics. However several unexpected basic state responses caution that extreme CRM domain reduction can lead to systematic mean state issues in superparameterized models. We hypothesize that an artificial limit on the efficiency of vertical updraft mixing is set by the number of grid columns available for compensating subsidence in the embedded CRM arrays. This can lead to reduced moisture ventilation supporting too much liquid cloud and thus an overly strong cloud shortwave radiative forcing, particularly in regions of deep convection.
Abstract 3313: 17β-Estradiol-ERβ axis confers proliferation and migration through IGF-1R-dependent expression of TMPRSS2 in castration-resistant PC-3 cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among males in the Western world. TMPRSS2, a gene that encodes serine-protease type II transmembrane domain, has been shown to be frequently prevalent as a TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion during early event in the genesis of PCa. However, TMPRESS2 function remains largely unknown, especially in castration-resistant PCa cells. While TMPRESS2 has previously been shown to be an androgen-regulated gene, TMPRSS2-ERG expression is regulated by a novel ERβ-dependent mechanism. The objectives of this study are to determine the mechanisms of expression and the functional significance of TMPRSS2 in growth and migration of castration-resistant AR-null PC-3 cells. 17β-Estradiol (E2; 10nM) induced TMPRSS2 expression (4-fold higher) in an ERβ-dependent manner as evidenced by shRNA silencing, but not by ERα-specific shRNA, in PC-3 cells. Intriguingly, the E2-induced TMPRSS2 expression was blocked by AG1024 (IGF-1R inhibitor) or knockdown of IGF-1R by siRNA, but not by AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor), suggesting that IGF-1R mediates expression of TMPRESS2 by the E2-ERβ axis in PC-3 cells. Moreover, TMPRSS2-specific siRNA markedly attenuated E2-induced cell growth and migration of PC-3 cells, suggesting that TMPRSS2 may be pivotal to E2-mediated progression of castration-resistant disease in vivo. The effects of TMPRSS2 silencing seem to be mediated through inhibition of E2-induced activation of NF-κB-signaling in these cells. Taken together, our results unraveled the underlying mechanisms that govern the expression and function of TMPRSS2 in mediating E2-induced growth and migration of castration-resistant PC-3 cells. Delineation of such critical players may culminate in identifying therapeutic targets to selectively circumvent castration-resistant outgrowth in PCa patients. Citation Format: Hogyoung Kim, Amrita Datta, Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed, Asim B. Abdel-Mageed. 17β-Estradiol-ERβ axis confers proliferation and migration through IGF-1R-dependent expression of TMPRSS2 in castration-resistant PC-3 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3313. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3313
Adequacy of the Rawinsonde Network for Global Circulation Studies Tested through Numerical Model Output

Abstract Numerical output from a GFDL global climate model was used to determine whether the present distribution of rawinsonde stations is adequate to deduce the atmospheric structure and its variability in space and time over the globe. Spatial data gaps were found to cause typical rms wind errors averaged over a hemisphere of 2 to 3 m s−1, increasing for the zonal wind component to 5 or 6 m s−1 at jet stream levels. In temperature the spatial data gaps led to rms errors on the order of 0.5 to 1°C in the free atmosphere, in geopotential height between 20 and 30 gpm in, the upper troposphere, and in specific humidity between 1 and 2 g kg−1 near the surface and about 0.3 g kg−1 at 500 mb. Errors due to instrumental deficiencies, unrepresentativeness of the local soudings, deficiencies in the analysis technique and gaps in the time series were found to he less important than those due to the, spatial gaps, even in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, the rawinsonde network was found to be g...
Revisiting the tale of two interest rates with endogenous asset market segmentation

Abstract We develop a monetary model that is unique in its ability to deliver a negative correlation between aggregate consumption growth and short-term real interest rates consistent with U.S. data. The essential ingredient to this success is endogenous asset market segmentation permitting the extent of household participation in asset markets to vary smoothly with changes in aggregate conditions. Households in our model incur fixed transactions costs when exchanging bonds and money and, as a result, carry money balances in excess of current spending to limit the frequency of such trades. While we impose no stickiness at the microeconomic level in either prices or portfolio adjustment, our model drives gradual adjustment in the aggregate price level following a monetary shock and thus persistent non-neutralities. In our model, households can alter the timing of their trading activities in response to changes in both individual and aggregate states. We show that this added flexibility relative to fixed segmentation models can substantially reinforce the sluggishness in aggregate price adjustment following a monetary shock, and it can transform dramatic, transitory changes in real and nominal interest rates into more moderate and persistent liquidity effects. When we extend our setting to consider production, we find that small changes in household participation rates add substantial persistence to movements in inflation, and they deliver persistence in real interest rates that is otherwise absent. These changes are also critically important to our model's success in reproducing the empirical correlation between aggregate consumption growth and real interest rates; when they are suppressed, the success is lost.