cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of human papillomavirus video education for women participating in mass cervical cancer screening in Tanzania.

Abstract Background Because the global disease burden of cervical cancer is greatest in Africa, the WHO has endorsed visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening with cryotherapy triage for screen-and-treat. With the lowest doctor-to-patient ratio in the world (1:50,000), Tanzania has nearly 10,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 7,000 deaths annually. Objective(s) We report on feasibility of VIA in the severely resource-limited Mwanza district, and the impact of intervening education on baseline human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer knowledge. Study Design Two 5-day free VIA clinics in urban Buzuruga and rural Sangabuye on the shores of Lake Victoria were approved by our university Institutional Review Board (IRB) and local Tanzanian health authorities. Participants completed a demographic survey and a 6-question (1 point/question) multiple choice test written in Kiswahili to assess baseline knowledge. A 15-minute educational video in Kiswahili (Medical Aid Films: Understanding screening, treatment, and prevention of cervical cancer) was followed by repeated assessment using the same test, VIA screening, and optional HIV testing. Pre- and post-video scores as well as change of score were analyzed via t-test, ANOVA, and multivariate regression. Significance was considered at p Results From July 2-6, 2018, 825 women were screened and 25.1% (n=207) were VIA+. One hundred forty-seven VIA+ non-pregnant women received same-day cryotherapy. Seven hundred sixty-four women participated in educational intervention—61.6% of which were from the urban site and 38.2% from the rural site. The mean age was 36.4 (SD=11.1). Primary languages were Kiswahili (62.2%) and Kisukuma (30.6%). Literacy was ∼73% and average educational level was equivalent to 7th grade (U.S.). Less than 20% of urban and rural women reported access to healthcare providers. Mean pre-video score was 2.22 (SD=1.76) and was not different between VIA+ and VIA- groups. Mean post-video score was 3.86 (SD=1.78). Post-video scores significantly improved regardless of age group, clinic site, primary language, education level, literacy, or access to healthcare provider (p Conclusion(s) VIA screening for cervical cancer is feasible and accepted in northern Tanzania. Short video-based educational intervention improved baseline knowledge on the consequences of HPV infection in the populations studied. The impact was greater in the urban setting compared to rural setting, among people who speak Kiswahili, and among people who cannot read.
Realigning the Cosmos: The intertextual image of judgment and restoration in Zephaniah:

Two extensive intertextual voices in the final-form of Zephaniah consist of Gen 1-11 (in Zeph 1.2-3; 2.11-15; 3.9-10) and Isaiah (in Zeph 2.15; 3.9-10, 14-17). Although often explored independently...
Periprocedural vascular access complications associated with percutaneous femoral arterial access using the modified Seldinger's technique in dogs during cardiac catheterization: a single-center experience.

Abstract Background The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the peri-procedural major and minor complications associated with percutaneous femoral arterial access using modified Seldinger’s technique in dogs that underwent cardiac catheterization. Methods Medical records of 62 client owned dogs that underwent percutaneous femoral arterial access for interventional cardiac procedures were retrospectively evaluated. Post-procedural manual compression was used for hemostasis. Peri-procedural vascular access complications (that occurred from procedure time to discharge) were evaluated. Vascular access complications were divided into two groups: minor complications that did not require specific therapy and major complications that did require an intervention to address the complication associated with vascular access. Results The minor complication rate was 30.6% (19/62) with most dogs experiencing minor bruising and small hematomas. The major complication rate was 3.2% (2/62). Both major complications were associated with bleeding with one dog requiring blood transfusion and the other dog requiring fluid therapy. No peri-procedural mortality associated with vascular access was noted. Conclusion This retrospective study suggests that percutaneous femoral arterial access using the modified Seldinger’s technique with post-procedural manual compression for hemostasis is viable option for vascular access during cardiac catheterization and associated with no peri-procedural mortality in dogs. The lower rate of complications noted in this study may be related to operator experiences and as such complication rate at a single center may not reflect the experience at other centers.
Effects of Ion Size and Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport and Transference Number in Polymer Electrolytes

Salt-doped polymers without added solvents have the potential to be nonflammable, robust electrolytes for batteries but suffer from low ion conductivity. Using bulky anions with delocalized charge ...
The Southwest Airlines One Report

In 2009, Southwest Airlines produced its first integrated annual report, the Southwest Airlines One Report, combing financial and nonfinancial performance information. This case examines Southwest's environmental and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports produced in the two years preceding 2009 and follows the company's decision to transition to a new reporting format. Preparing for the 2010 report, the Southwest reporting team contemplates how to improve the One Report. The case also allows for debate on the future of integrated reporting, including its impact on internal management processes, integrated audits, and mandated nonfinancial reporting.Learning Objective:The purpose of this case is to introduce students to the concept of integrated reporting.
Small dilatation mapping classes coming from the simplest hyperbolic braid

In this paper we study the small dilatation pseudo-Anosov mapping classes arising from fibrations over the circle of a single 3‐manifold, the mapping torus for the “simplest hyperbolic braid”. The dilatations that occur include the minimum dilatations for orientable pseudo-Anosov mapping classes for genus gD2;3;4;5 and 8. We obtain the “Lehmer example” in genus gD 5, and Lanneau and Thiffeault’s conjectural minima in the orientable case for all genus g satisfying gD 2 or 4.mod 6/. Our examples show that the minimum dilatation for orientable mapping classes is strictly greater than the minimum dilatation for non-orientable ones when gD 4;6 or 8. We also prove that if g is the minimum dilatation of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes on a genus g surface, then lim sup g!1 . g/ g 3C p 5
Initial clinical outcomes comparing frozen versus fresh meniscus allograft transplants.

Abstract Background To evaluate initial clinical outcomes using fresh meniscal allografts with high cell viability at transplantation time and meniscotibial ligament (MTL) reconstruction (Fresh) in comparison to standard fresh-frozen (Frozen) meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT). Methods Patients treated for medial and/or lateral meniscal deficiency using either Fresh or Frozen MAT with minimum of 1-year follow-up were identified from a prospective registry. Patient demographics, prior surgeries, MAT surgery data, complications, revisions, and failures were documented. Functional outcome scores were collected preoperatively, and 6 months and yearly after surgery and radiographic joint space measurements were performed. Treatment cohorts were compared for statistically significant (P Results Twenty-seven patients (14 Fresh, 13 Frozen) met inclusion criteria and showed comparable characteristics. For Fresh MAT + MTL, 10 medial, two lateral, and two medial + lateral MAT were performed. For Frozen MAT, nine medial, and four lateral MAT were performed. There was significantly more improvement in the Fresh cohort compared to the Frozen cohort for VAS pain (P = 0.014), PROMIS Physical Function (P = 0.036) and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (P = 0.033) from preoperatively to 2 years postoperatively. Tegner Activity Scale and PROMIS Mobility score showed no significant differences. The International Knee Documentation Committee score revealed a clinically meaningful change for the Fresh group. Radiographic measurements showed no significant differences between groups. There were two Fresh MAT + MTL revisions and one conversion to TKA in each cohort. Conclusions Fresh MAT + MTL is safe and associated with potential advantages with respect to initial pain relief and function compared to standard frozen MAT.
Optimizing Multiwell Aquifer Storage and Recovery Systems for Energy Use and Recovery Efficiency

As more aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems are employed for management of water resources, the skillful operation of multiwell ASR systems has become very important to improve their performance. In this study, we developed MODFLOW and MT3DMS models to simulate a multiwell ASR system in a synthetic aquifer to assess effects of hydrogeological and operational factors on the performance of the multiwell ASR system. We evaluated a simplified (dual well) ASR system in comparison with complex system (three-, four-, five-, and seven-well systems). Recovery and energy efficiencies were calculated using the model simulations. Factors such as higher hydraulic conductivity and longitudinal dispersivity significantly reduced the recovery and energy efficiencies of the system. In contrast, increasing the volume of recharged water increased the recovery efficiency; however, the energy efficiency was reduced. Recovery and energy efficiencies also plummet when there is an increase in the underlying regional gradient and the designed storage duration. Operating the system multiple times can yield higher volume of potable water, but the energy efficiency may not vary significantly after the second operating cycle. Single-well systems and multiwell systems exhibit similar responses to changes in physical factors, although operational factors have a more pronounced effect on the multiwell systems. One of the major findings was that fewer wells in a multiwell ASR system can yield higher volume of potable water and better output with respect to the electrical power being consumed. The results provide design engineers with guidelines for optimizing performance of the multiwell ASR systems.
Compositional Models and Organizational Research: Application of a Mixture Model to Non-experimental Data in the Context of CEO Pay

An emergent stream of research in management employs configurational and holistic approaches to understanding macro and micro phenomena. In this study, we introduce mixture models—a related class of models—to organizational research and show how they can be applied to non-experimental data. Specifically, we reexamine the long-standing research question concerning the CEO pay–firm performance relationship using a novel empirical approach, treating individual pay elements as components of a mixture, and demonstrate its utility for other research questions involving mixtures or proportions. Through this, we provide a step-by-step guide for other researchers interested in compositional modeling. Our results highlight that a more nuanced approach to understanding the influence of executive compensation on firm performance brings new insights to this research stream, showcasing the potential of compositional models for other literatures.
Interpreting the Complex Landscape of Immune-Tumor Interface.

Predictive biomarkers for immune therapy must address a complex interface between the immune system and triple-negative breast cancer and still be technically reliable for diagnostic use. Two recent papers describe the assessment of spatial heterogeneity using digital methods that promise to improve the quantification of immune infiltrate or molecular targets.
Angiolathyrism. III. Vasa vasorum in experimental dissecting aortic aneurysm.

Abstract In order to study the pathogenesis of dissecting aortic aneurysm, an attempt was made to demonstrate aortic medial vasa vasorum by infusion of India ink into 25 weanling rats that had been administered β-aminopropionitrile fumarate for as long as 30 days. More than half of the rats developed gross or microscopic dissecting aneurysms of the aorta, with the frequent occurrence of hemothorax due to rupture. India ink was present in the dissected lumen of the aortic wall but not within intact portions of the media. Capillary networks containing India ink were noted in periadventitial and adventitial layers and in periadventitial granulation tissue covering dissection, but were not found within the media. Infusion of India ink in 18 normal rats showed abundant capillary networks in periadventitial and adventitial layers but failed to reveal capillary vascular structure within the media of aorta. The results of this study indicate that in experimental dissecting aortic aneurysm in rats induced by β-aminopropionitrile fumarate the vasa vasorum do not play a role in its pathogenesis.
Some Dissatisfaction with Satisfaction: Universities, Values, and Quality

This article moves beyond the narrow discussion of the applicability of Total Quality Management to the university which has amounted to a debate over whether business has something to teach the university about customers and satisfaction. The article goes at the matter from a different direction as it investigates what business can learn from the university about quality.
The Interaction Between Inclusions and Cracks

The fracture strength of composite materials in general and ceramics in particular depends to a considerable extent on the size, shape, orientation, and distribution of flaws or imperfections in the material. In studying the “bulk strength” and other bulk properties of the composite it is generally assumed that these flaws are randomly distributed throughout the material and hence the medium is statistically homogeneous. Therefore, in this type of studies the very nature of the phenomenon requires that some kind of a statistical strength theory be used as a guide in the investigations.
Reforming Environmental Law

In 1971, Ezra Mishan brilliantly satirized the views of a Dr. Pangloss, who argued that a world of largely unregulated pollution was "optimal" because cleanup would involve enormous transaction costs.' Less than 15 years later, Professor Latin uses the same Panglossian argument to rationalize the current regulatory status quo.2 He not only accepts but endorses our extraordinarily crude, costly, litigious and counterproductive system of technology-based environmental controls. Like Mishan's Pangloss, he seems to believe that if it were possible to have a better world, it would exist. Since it does not, the transaction costs involved in regulatory improvement must exceed the benefits. Proposals for basic change accordingly are dismissed as naive utopianism. What explains this celebration of the regulatory status quo? As critics of the present system, we believe this question to be of more than academic interest. The present regulatory system wastes tens of billions of dollars every year, misdirects resources, stifles innovation, and spawns massive and often counterproductive litigation. There is a variety of fundamental but practical changes that could be made to improve its environmental and economic performance. Why have such changes not been adopted? Powerful organized interests have a vested stake in the
Adult Cardiac Transplantation

Patients with severe drug-refractory heart failure experience one of two modes of death. Either they collapse from an arrhythmia and are deemed to have had sudden death, or they die of progressive congestive heart failure. In either instance, their poor functional status during life limits their ability to perform usual daily activities. Currently, the only proven long-term benefit to these patients is heart transplantation. The technique that led to the first human-to-human heart transplantation nearly 30 years ago has changed very little; however, refinements in post operative care have kept research in this field at the fore for many years. Immediate postoperative hemodynamic stabilization by experienced clinicians may improve a patient's chances of survival after heart transplantation. Improved immunosuppressive agents have decreased life-threatening rejection episodes. Better knowledge of the infectious diseases that attack these immunosuppressed patients has also contributed to the nearly 85% one-ye...
Purulent chondritis of the cricoid.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases - Vol. 133 - N° 2 - p. 137-139
Scald burns in children under 3 years: an analysis of NEISS narratives to inform a scald burn prevention program

Background objectives To determine the incidence of paediatric scald burns for children under 3 years of age treated in US hospital emergency departments. To quantify injury patterns associated with scald burns to inform prevention recommendation messaging. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) coding manual was reviewed for cause of injury. Its database was queried to identify cases among patients up to age 3 years old with a diagnosis of scald burns between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2012. The resulting data set was downloaded and case narratives were reviewed to identify injury patterns associated with scald burns. Results The NEISS query identified 2104 scald burn cases between 2009 and 2012, yielding a national estimate of 11 028 scald burns in children younger than 3 years old annually. The analysis of the case narratives resulted in the identification of six precipitating and/or contributing factors including: grabbed/pulled, cooking, bathing, consuming, appliance and other. Conclusions NEISS is a valuable tool to identify scald burn risks. The NEISS data system provided an opportunity to identify and examine scald burns in children under 3 years of age. Interpretation of NEISS results is limited due to the lack of consistency and detail in narratives about the injury event. Nevertheless, the information that was available on precipitating and/or contributing factors suggests that caretakers should test the temperature of their water heaters, test bath water before bathing children and be made aware of risk of scalds from hot liquids so that they exercise close supervision of children.
Micronutrient Profile for Vitamins E, A and Zn in ≤1250g BW Infants: Hypoproteinemia as an Index of Subnormal Values and their Interrelationships 1499

Low total protein (TP) (serum TP <5.0g/dl) is often observed in infants with BW ≤1250g, especially after transition from total parenteral (TPN: with multivitamins and trace minerals at birth) to enteral nutrition (EN) with recommended macro nutrients (fortified breast milk or special care formula at≈ 120 cals/kg). Methods: We studied the micronutrient profile by serial 1-2 week serum assays of TP, retinol (ROH), tocopherol (E), retinal palmitate (R-Pal) and zinc (Zn) in 76 babies of which 17 were excluded for death, early transfers for surgery and need for high dose E Rx for prethreshold ROP. 59 infants were followed to about 38 weeks PCA, 57 of whom had values for all analytes after EN. Recommended EN supplements of micronutrients were given. Incidence of Stage 1 NEC was 15%, that of surgical NEC was 1.7% and feeding intolerance was noted in 30% of the babies.Results: 51/57 infants had low TP after EN; 42/57 had Zn ≤80 mcg/dl (74%) and 13/42 had E malabsorption (31%) defined as requirement for E supplements of 75-400u/day to maintain serum E above 1.0mg/dl. Very low TP(≤ 4.5g/dl) occurred in 44/57 infants (77%) of whom 25 (57%) had low Zn and 10/25 (40%) had E malabsorption. Decline in TP was usually associated with decline in Zn with mean nadirs at 56.1±24.4 and 68.1±32.4 days, respectively. Diuretic use was significantly associated with low Zn (in 93% of babies with diuretics vs 65.6% without; p<0.02). Malabsorption of vitamin E after EN also occurs in a significant subgroup with low Zn and very low TP(38%). Data related to Vitamin A nutrition (ROH and R-Pal) are yet to be analyzed. Conclusions: Interaction of micronutrients are influenced by rapid growth, decreased intake, history of morbidities and diuretic use. Very low TP (optimally serum albumin) values may serve as a serial screening index for Zn related E-malabsorption. Table
Adhesion and Scratch Resistance of Polycarbonate Films on Ferroplate Substrates: Effect of γ-APS Primers

The influence of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) primers on the adhesion and scratch resistance of polycarbonate (PC) films on ferroplate substrates was determined from the critical normal loads at which debonding of the films from the substrates occurred during scratch testing. The critical load was a strong function of the concentration of the aqueous solutions from which the γ-APS primers were adsorbed and of the thickness of the primer films. Thus, the critical normal load increased from 0.09 ± 0.02 N to 0.31 ± 0.07 N as the concentration of the γ-APS solutions increased from 0.05% to 0.2%, respectively. However, the critical load increased only slightly as the solution concentration increased beyond 0.2%. The increase in critical load as concentration of γ-APS solutions increased was related to the formation of an interphase involving chemical reaction and physical entanglement of PC and γ-APS molecules. The critical load for debonding of PC films from the substrates also depended strongly on th...
Precision neutron diffraction structure determination of protein and nucleic acid components. VIII: the crystal and molecular structure of the β-form of the amino acidl-glutamic acid

A neutron diffraction study of the β-form of L-glutamic acid, C5H9NO4, has been carried out. The structure is orthorhombic: space groupP212121,a= 5·159(5),b= 17·30(2),c= 6·948(7) A andz = 4. Least-squares refinements based on 803 reflexions led to a final conventionalR value of 0·026, and bond lengths involving hydrogen atoms have been determined with an average precision of 0·004 A. The molecule is in the zwitterion form, and no intramolecular hydrogen bonds have been found. The hydrogen atom involved in a strong hydrogen bond between two carboxyl groups in adjacent molecules (0 ... 0 distance 2·519(2) A) is covalently bonded to the carboxyl group belonging to the side chain of the amino acid. This side chain is buckled with Cδ gauche to Cα with respect to the C β —C γ bond. The bond angles involving carbon atoms in the side chain are accordingly strained.
The Politics of Protection: Body Image, Social Pressures, and the Misrepresentation of Young Black Women

As part of a larger multi-method study, 15 Black women college students participated in focus group discussions on the body. Contrary to popular theories that propose that Black women are protected by a “Black Culture” that buffers them from negative effects of body representations—thereby leaving them with higher body esteem—the themes that emerged in the focus group discussions indicate that young Black women are indeed feeling (1) pressures to be thin, (2) pressures from the preferences of men of diverse ethnicities, (3) competition with other Black women in the realms of beauty, and (4) a strong sense of being misrepresented by media images of thin Black women. These results not only indicate that body image issues are of real pressing concern to young Black women, but that psychological research methodologies may be adding to the misrepresentation of young Black women and their struggles. Qualitative methods must be utilized in order to hear more clearly the voices of Women of Color.
A unified approach to a fragmental problem - Petrological and geochemical studies of lithic fragments from Apollo 15 soils

We report the results of a petrological-(nondestructive) geochemical investigation of some lithic fragments separated from Apollo 15 soil samples. Three groups of non-mare materials are recognized on the basis of REE concentrations, viz. KREEP-rich, KREEP-intermediate, and KREEP-poor rocks. These groups may be discrete rather than gradational. Within the group of KREEP-rich rocks three subtypes are recognized. These subtypes do not appear to be simply related to one another. Apollo 15 mare basalts have the lowest REE concentrations observed thus far. All mare basalts analyzed in this study display small negative Eu anomalies.
Cholera Toxin Disrupts Barrier Function by Inhibiting Exocyst-Mediated Trafficking of Host Proteins to Intestinal Cell Junctions

Cholera toxin (CT), a virulence factor elaborated by Vibrio cholerae, is sufficient to induce the severe diarrhea characteristic of cholera. The enzymatic moiety of CT (CtxA) increases cAMP synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells, leading to chloride ion (Cl(-)) efflux through the CFTR Cl(-) channel. To preserve electroneutrality and osmotic balance, sodium ions and water also flow into the intestinal lumen via a paracellular route. We find that CtxA-driven cAMP increase also inhibits Rab11/exocyst-mediated trafficking of host proteins including E-cadherin and Notch signaling components to cell-cell junctions in Drosophila, human intestinal epithelial cells, and ligated mouse ileal loops, thereby disrupting barrier function. Additionally, CtxA induces junctional damage, weight loss, and dye leakage in the Drosophila gut, contributing to lethality from live V. cholerae infection, all of which can be rescued by Rab11 overexpression. These barrier-disrupting effects of CtxA may act in parallel with Cl(-) secretion to drive the pathophysiology of cholera.
M-buffer: a flexible MISD architecture for advanced graphics

Contemporary graphics architectures are based on a hardware-supported geometric pipeline, a rasterizer, a z-buffer and two frame buffers. Additional pixel memory is used for alpha blending and for storing logical information. Although their functionality is growing it is still limited because of the fixed use of pixel memory and the restricted set of operations provided by these architectures. A new class of graphics algorithms that considerably extends the current technology is based on a more flexible use of pixel memory, not supported by current architectures. The M-Buffer architecture described here divides pixel memory into general-purpose buffers, each associated with one processor. Pixel data is broadcast to all buffers simultaneously. Logical and numeric tests are performed by each processor and the results are broadcast and used by all buffers in parallel to evaluate logical expressions for the pixel update condition. The architecture is scalable by addition of buffer-processors, suitable for pixel parallelization, and permits the use of buffers for different purposes. The architecture, its functional description, and a powerful programming interface are described.
Undergraduate labs and computers: the case for PsychExps.

PsychExps (http://www.olemiss.edu/PsychExps) is an interactive on-line psychology laboratory designed to facilitate teaching and conducting research over the Internet. With the increased use of the Web among students and the development of technology enabling the deployment of experiments via the Internet, a laboratory such as PsychExps appears to offer numerous advantages over the solely classroom-based laboratory. As part of the development of PsychExps, a survey was conducted, to assess the utility of this novel approach to the traditional computer-based psychology laboratory classes. Responses generally indicate interest in and a need for cost-effective resources such as an Internet-based laboratory. In addition, PsychExps offers several advantages over the mostly pedagogical and demonstration-based psychology sites on the Internet.
Optical simulation of quantum logic

A constructive method for simulating small-scale quantum circuits by use of linear optical devices is presented. It relies on the representation of several quantum bits by a single photon, and on the implementation of universal quantum gates using simple optical components (beam splitters, phase shifters, etc.). This suggests that the optical realization of small quantum networks with present-day quantum optics technology is a reasonable goal. This technique could be useful for demonstrating basic concepts of simple quantum algorithms or error-correction schemes. The optical analog of a nontrivial three-bit quantum circuit is presented as an illustration.
Chase display of social live streams (SOLISs)

Advances in networking, processing, and mass storage devices have enabled social live streams (SOLISs) and their chase display. This paper focuses on public SOLISs and presents the user interface of RAYS and its system architecture. In addition, we present several novel memory management techniques that produce summary data to minimize the likelihood of cache misses. One technique, named Data-Aware CLRU (DA-CLRU), stands out for both enhancing the cache hit rate and utility of data. This technique is parallelizable and ideal for multi-core CPUs.
Watershed and lake water quality assessment: An integrated modeling approach

Watershed planning groups and action agencies seek to understand how lake water quality responds to changes in watershed management. This study developed and demonstrated the applicability of an integrated modeling approach for providing this information. An integrated model linking watershed conditions to water-quality of the receiving lake incorporated the following components: (1) an event-based AGNPS model to estimate watershed pollutant losses; (2) annualization of AGNPS results to produce annual lake pollutant loadings; (3) a baseflow separation package, SAM, to estimate baseflow; (4) estimates of nutrients in baseflow and point sources; and (5) linkage of watershed loadings directly to EUTROMOD lake water quality algorithms. Results are presented for Melvern Lake, a 28-km 2 multipurpose reservoir with a 900-km 2 agricultural watershed in east central Kansas. Reasonable estimates of current lake quality were attained using an average phosphorus availability factor of 31 percent to calibrate model results to measured in-lake phosphorus. Comparison of a range of possible scenarios, including all cropland changed to no-till (best case) and all CRP and good-condition grasslands changed to cropland (worst case), indicated only a (4 percent change for in-lake phosphorus and a (2 percent change for chlorophyll α, These results indicated that this watershed is not sensitive to projected changes in land use and management.
Effects of cadmium, lead, and zinc on macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity toward tumor cells

Abstract Cadmium at 10−5 and 10−6 m significantly inhibited the ability of immune macrophages from C57BIJ6J mice to destroy Sarcoma I cells. These concentrations of cadmium apparently interfered with the cytolytic mechanism(s) of macrophages, and the inhibition did not result from toxicity of the metal toward either cell type.
The jockey and the horse: Joseph Stalin and the biopic genre in Soviet cinema

ABSTRACTWhat was Stalin to Soviet cinema? Was he the supreme decision-maker or only a particularly influential observer? This article addresses Stalin's role in the development and proliferation of the historical-biography film in Soviet cinema. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that holds that the biopic was one of Stalin's brainchildren, this work suggests that Stalin's role was less direct. Broader policy objectives, such as state legitimacy and national unity, and internal film-industry initiatives were as least as instrumental in the genre's genesis as signals from Stalin. The biopic developed in Soviet cinema not unlike genres do in other cinemas, through the process of replicating successful models. The genre's relative dominance over drama and comedy and the resultant reduction in Soviet film genre diversity were the unintended consequences of the Soviet film industry's tendency, in a highly censored and uncertain environment, to overcapitalize on previous film successes.
Thinking in Movement: Response to Erin Manning

This review of Manning’s article wonders at the wonder that Manning describes. It does so first in broad terms that question the experience of wonder that Manning describes and goes on to wonder specifically about her understanding of the experienced realities of thinking in movement. In the course of doing so, the review questions her sweeping away ‘the subject’; questions her hard-and-fast distinctions between phenomenology and Whitehead’s metaphysics and voices wonder about her neglecting complementarities between phenomenology and Whitehead’s metaphysics; questions the validity of her claims about ‘where phenomenology goes wrong’; wonders about the absence of kinesthesia and its qualitative dynamics in what she writes of human movement; and finally wonders about her non-substantiated claims about ontogeny.
Commissural neurons in layer III of cat primary auditory cortex (AI): pyramidal and non-pyramidal cell input.

The types of layer III neurons in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) projecting to the contralateral AI were studied with horseradish peroxidase or horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin. Injections between the anterior and posterior ectosylvian sulci retrogradely labeled both pyramidal and non-pyramidal somata in contralateral cortical layers III, V, and VI in AI, and in the ventral nucleus of the ipsilateral medial geniculate body. Three-quarters (72%) of the retrogradely labeled cells were found in layer III and one-quarter (28%) lay in layers V and VI. Every part of AI was innervated by commissural neurons. The topographical distribution of the labeled cells varied systematically. Injections in the caudal part of AI labeled cells in the caudal part of the opposite AI, while more rostral injections labeled cells in the contralateral, rostral AI. Injections covering the rostro-caudal extent of AI labeled cells throughout the opposite AI. Each part of AI thus projects most strongly to a contralateral, homotypic area, and less strongly to other, adjacent sectors of AI. The types of labeled cells were distinguished from one another on the basis of size, somatic and dendritic morphology, laminar distribution, and nuclear membrane morphology. Their somatodendritic profiles were compared to, and correlated with, those in Golgi-impregnated material from adult animals. Among the pyramidal cells of origin were small, mediumsized, and large neurons, and star pyramidal cells. The non-pyramidal cells of origin included bipolar and multipolar cells. Thus, at least six of the 12 kinds of neurons, as defined by morphological methods, participate in the interhemispheric pathway. Pyramidal cells comprised 65% of the cells of origin, 14% of the labeled cells in layer III were non-pyramidal, and 21% of the neurons could not be classified. It is unknown if these different types of commissural neurons have the same laminar or cytological targets in AI, or if they represent more than one functional or parallel pathway within AI. In any case, cytologically diverse layer III neurons contribute to the commissural system.
Saliva cortisol in posttraumatic stress disorder: a community epidemiologic study.

Abstract Background Stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, so it was expected that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) would be associated with activation of this axis; however, studies have found both increased and decreased cortisol in PTSD. To address this question, we collected saliva cortisol at home in a subsample of a longitudinal epidemiologic sample. Methods Six hundred eighty-four persons randomly selected from the total sample of 913 were requested to collect saliva samples upon awakening and in the early evening. Of these, 538 responded with samples, 516 of whom met inclusion criteria. These were 68 exposed to trauma with lifetime PTSD, 265 exposed to trauma with no PTSD, and 183 never exposed to trauma. Results In a comparison of these three groups, lifetime PTSD revealed elevated evening saliva cortisol compared with exposed/no PTSD. When lifetime comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD) was included in the analysis, only persons with comorbid PTSD and MDD showed this evening elevation in cortisol. Persons with PTSD alone (never MDD) showed normal saliva cortisol levels, as did subjects with lifetime MDD alone. Conclusions Neither exposure to trauma nor PTSD alone is associated with alterations in saliva cortisol; however, elevated cortisol is found in PTSD comorbid with lifetime MDD.
Momentum flow relative to the dijet system in PbPb collisions

Abstract The difference in charged particle multiplicity and momentum flow carried by charged particles near the leading and the subleading jet in dijet events is measured in PbPb and pp collisions. In PbPb collisions, there is an increase in the fraction of dijet events with large momentum asymmetry between the leading and subleading jets compared to what is seen in pp collisions. In this analysis, the radiation balancing the dijet asymmetry is characterized in terms of the multiplicity, angular (up to Δ R = 1.8 ) and momentum spectra of charged particles with p T > 0.5 GeV / c . The measurement is done as a function of PbPb collision centrality and dijet asymmetry.
Correlation of Indices of Stress with Intensity of Electrical Shock for Cows

Abstract Electrical shock is commonly used as a paradigm of stress. Cows have a higher tolerance to electrical shock than other species. To test this tolerance, seven lactating cows were shocked biweekly for 10 s: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, then 12.5 mA, 60 Hz. At lower mA, cows became tense and showed limited movement. As mA increased, cows became more agitated. The experiment was terminated because of the severity of behavioral responses. Heart rate immediately after shock increased with mA and was significantly different from baseline at 10 mA (+17 beats/min) and 12.5 mA (+30 beats/min). Prolactin and glucocorticoids were unaffected by shock; however, both increased pronouncedly following a single recannulation prior to blood sampling. Norepinephrine was unaffected by shock or recannulation. Epinephrine doubled in two exceptional cows at 10 mA. The two exceptional cows showed consistent glucocorticoid responses, had consistently elevated baseline heart rates and prolactin, and were the only cows not shocked at 12.5 mA due to severe behavioral responses. The dramatic behavioral responses displayed by cows subjected to electrical shock were not correlated with significant or prolonged physiological responses. This dichotomy, although probably exaggerated in cows, suggests that electrical shock may not be a good paradigm of “stress”.
A New Method for Measuring the Number of Active Centers in HeterogeneousZiegler–Natta Catalysts

A new chemical method is developed for the measurement of the number of active centers in heterogeneous titanium-based Ziegler–Natta catalysts. The method can be applied to polymerization reactions of various alkenes using AlMe3 as a cocatalyst. After a polymerization reaction is completed, the solid phase (a mixture of a catalyst and a polymer) is separated from the liquid phase and thoroughly washed with fresh solvent to remove monomers and the cocatalyst. In the absence of an alkene and cocatalyst, active centers with growing polymer chains undergo the β-hydrogen elimination reaction and generate Ti–H bonds. The washed solid is reslurried in a small quantity of a hydrocarbon and treated with benzoyl chloride which is converted by the Ti–H species into benzaldehyde. After removal of excess benzoyl chloride from the slurry (in a reaction with additional AlMe3), the liquid layer is analyzed by the GC method. The amount of benzaldehyde and its reaction products with AlMe3 is the measure of the concentration of Ti–H bonds derived from active centers. Several examples of the active site measurement are presented for polymerization and copolymerization reactions of ethylene, propylene, and 1-hexene with different catalyst systems.
A Silurian Graptolite Zone in Crane County, Texas: ABSTRACT

In June, 1941, William Hilseweck of the Gulf Oil Corporation of Fort Worth, Texas, sent the writer a piece of core from a well taken at a depth of 9,340 feet in Crane County, Texas. While he did not determine the species, he correctly concluded that the graptolites on the core proved the presence of a Silurian zone for one which had commonly been called Devonian. A few fragments of graptolites occur on the surface of the core, but they have sufficiently diagnostic characteristics to identify the species. The stratigraphic conditions are noted, and the species is illustrated and described. Also, it is compared with specimens of the same species which were sent to the writer from the Chicago region by Alfred and Helen Loeblich. End_of_Article - Last_Page 905------------
Coupled folding and binding with α-helix-forming molecular recognition elements

Many protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions involve coupled folding and binding of at least one of the partners. Here, we propose a protein structural element or feature that mediates the binding events of initially disordered regions. This element consists of a short region that undergoes coupled binding and folding within a longer region of disorder. We call these features "molecular recognition elements" (MoREs). Examples of MoREs bound to their partners can be found in the alpha-helix, beta-strand, polyproline II helix, or irregular secondary structure conformations, and in various mixtures of the four structural forms. Here we describe an algorithm that identifies regions having propensities to become alpha-helix-forming molecular recognition elements (alpha-MoREs) based on a discriminant function that indicates such regions while giving a low false-positive error rate on a large collection of structured proteins. Application of this algorithm to databases of genomics and functionally annotated proteins indicates that alpha-MoREs are likely to play important roles protein-protein interactions involved in signaling events.
Stress intensity factors for a crack near finite boundaries in multiply stiffened sheets

Abstract The complex variable method combined with compatible displacements is extended, by using boundary collocation, to the analysis of cracked stiffened sheets in which boundaries may influence the stress intensity of the crack. The method is extended by replacing the usual closed form complex stress functions with series expansions containing unknown complex constants. An iterative method is used to solve the non-linear system equations for the attachment forces and the coefficients in the stress function series. The stress intensity factor of the crack and the attachment force distribution are determined for several stiffened configurations and are shown to be in agreement with existing solutions.
Hydromagnetic squeezed flow and heat transfer over a sensor surface

Hydromagnetic effects are analyzed on flow and heat transfer over a horizontal surface placed in an externally squeezed free stream. The unsteady governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to similarity equations for certain families of the controlling parameters. It is found that both local wall shear stress and local Nusselt number increase as squeezing free stream velocity increases. Also, local Nusselt number is found to increase by an increase in the magnetic parameter. Further, the local wall shear stress is observed to increase as the magnetic parameter increases. Finally, hydromagnetic and suction wall permeable velocity (for permeable surfaces) effects are found to enhance the temperature or the concentration near the sensor surface. Thus, they enhance the detection capability of the sensor as long as the chemical binding at the sensor surface is not suppressed by increases in flow associated with these effects.
A comparison of PTSD symptom patterns in three types of civilian trauma

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is assumed to be an equivalent syndrome regardless of the type of traumatic event that precipitated it. However, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and previous research suggest that the clinical presentation of PTSD varies by trauma type. This study compared PTSD symptom profiles in three types of civilian trauma: sexual assault (n = 86), motor vehicle accident (n = 162), and sudden loss of a loved one (n = 185). Groups differed in overall PTSD severity and displayed distinct PTSD symptom patterns. Results suggest that different trauma types lead to unique variants of the PTSD syndrome, which may result from different etiological factors and may require different treatment approaches.
Comparison theorems for the matrix riccati equation

On deduit une inegalite matricielle a partir d'une inegalite differentielle. On utilise ce resultat pour deduire des inegalites pour les solutions d'equations de Riccati matricielles
Sensitization of spinal cord nociceptive neurons with a conjugate of substance P and cholera toxin.

Several investigators have coupled toxins to neuropeptides for the purpose of lesioning specific neurons in the central nervous system. By producing deficits in function these toxin conjugates have yielded valuable information about the role of these cells. In an effort to specifically stimulate cells rather than kill them we have conjugated the neuropeptide substance P to the catalytic subunit of cholera toxin (SP-CTA). This conjugate should be taken up selectively by neurokinin receptor expressing neurons resulting in enhanced adenylate cyclase activity and neuronal firing. The conjugate SP-CTA stimulates adenylate cyclase in cultured cells that are transfected with either the NK1 or NK2 receptor, but not the NK3 receptor. We further demonstrate that intrathecal injection of SP-CTA in rats induces the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and also enhances the expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos. Behaviorally, low doses of SP-CTA (1 μg) injected intrathecally produce thermal hyperalgesia. At higher doses (10 μg) peripheral sensitivity is suppressed suggesting that descending inhibitory pathways may be activated by the SP-CTA induced sensitization of spinal cord neurons. The finding that stimulation of adenylate cyclase in neurokinin receptor expressing neurons in the spinal cord produces thermal hyperalgesia is consistent with the known actions of these neurons. These data demonstrate that cholera toxin can be targeted to specific cell types by coupling the catalytic subunit to a peptide agonist for a g-protein coupled receptor. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that SP-CTA can be used as a tool to study sensitization of central neurons in vivo in the absence of an injury.
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING PLASTOCHRON INDICES DURING HETEROBLASTIC SHOOT GROWTH

grow exponentially, at equal rates, and the plastochron remains constant. These three conditions are not met in many shoots that exhibit heteroblasty in their plastochron and the growth rate of organs at successive nodes. An alternative computational method for the PI is presented that uses two measurements taken at different times from the same organ during its exponential growth phase. The method does not assume that the PI is a linear function of time. Results of an analysis of cyme internode growth in two races of Arenaria uniflora (Caryophyllaceae) demonstrate that the method proposed is in good agreement with Erickson and Michelini's (1957) method when shoot growth is not markedly heteroblastic. The current method is also used to determine the nonlinear relation between PI and time in a race of A. uniflora that has heteroblastic cyme growth. The results generalize the PI for use in studies of heteroblasty, and for shoots where the relative plastochron rate cannot be directly determined.