cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postnatal development o f the cat palate

Abstract 1. 1. A histologic study of the palatal components was conducted in cats from 1 to 90 days of age. 2. 2. The hard palate of the cat consisted of three distinct bilateral growth areas—the premaxillary, maxillary, and palatine portions. 3. 3. Bone formation at the midpalatal suture of the premaxillary portion of the hard palate was limited to the intramembranous type of bone formation. No cartilage was observed at any time in the midpalatal suture of the premaxilla. 4. 4. Cartilage associated with the endochondral type of bone formation was observed at the midpalatal suture in the maxillary and palatine portions of the hard palate. This endochondral type of bone formation was active from the ages of 1 to 60 days. There were no remnants of cartilage in the suture at 90 days. 5. 5. Cartilage was observed on the maxillary surface of the premaxillomaxillary transverse suture and on both maxillary and palatine surfaces of the maxillopalatine transverse suture. There was no evidence of cartilage in the transverse sutures at 90 days. 6. 6. The posterior border of the hard palate consisted of two rounded heads of cartilage similar to the mandibular condyle. Bone growth of the endochondral type was markedly reduced by 60 days, and no evidence of any cartilaginous activity remained at 90 days. 7. 7. The endochondral type of bone growth in the palatal sutures and at the posterior border appears to be at least partially responsible for the dimensional changes produced during early postnatal palatal growth. 8. 8. The cessation of the endochondral type of bone growth appears to be related to completion of the eruption of the deciduous dentition.
Electron binding capabilities of some silylenes having small singlet-triplet splittings or triplet ground states.

Several silyl and alkaline metal substituted silylenes have been investigated using the CAS-ACPF method in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Silylsilylene and disilylsilylene are found to have singlet ground states with ΔEST-values of 0.676 and 0.319 eV, respectively. The adiabatic ground state electron affinities are found to be 1.572 and 2.361 eV for HSiSiH3 and Si(SiH3)2. respectively. Both silylenes possesses a stable 2A1 excited negative ion state, with respective adiabatic EA values of 0.037 and 1.000 eV. In contrast, all silylenes with at least one akaline metal substituent exhibit triplet neutral ground states. The metalated silylenes HSiLi, HSiNa, LiSiSiH3, NaSiLi, SiLi2, and SiNa2 have adiabatic ground state EAs somewhat below 1 eV, but each of these negatively charged system possesses up to three bound excited negative ion states, some of which are dipole-bound states.
Social function in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: Associations with personality, symptoms and neurocognition

Research has indicated that stable individual differences in personality exist among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders predating illness onset that are linked to symptoms and self appraised quality of life. Less is known about how closely individual differences in personality are uniquely related to levels of social relationships, a domain of dysfunction in schizophrenia more often linked in the literature with symptoms and neurocognitive deficits. This study tested the hypothesis that trait levels of personality as defined using the five-factor model of personality would be linked to social function in schizophrenia. A self-report measure of the five factor model of personality was gathered along with ratings of social function, symptoms and assessments of neurocognition for 65 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Univariate correlations and stepwise multiple regression indicated that frequency of social interaction was predicted by higher levels of the trait of Agreeableness, fewer negative symptoms, better verbal memory and at the trend level, lesser Neuroticism (R2 = .42, p < .0001). In contrast, capacity for intimacy was predicted by fewer negative symptoms, higher levels of Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness and at the trend level, fewer positive symptoms (R2 = .67, p < .0001). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that person-centered variables such as personality, may account for some of the broad differences seen in outcome in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including social outcomes. One interpretation of the results of this study is that differences in personality combine with symptoms and neurocognitive deficits to affect how persons with schizophrenia are able to form and sustain social connections with others.
Enhancement of Wireless Power Transmission into Biological Tissues Using a High Surface Impedance Ground Plane

The system which enhances wireless power transmission e-ciency for bio-medical applications has been proposed in this report. The system that operates at giga-hertz ranges is based on an inductive coupling between a transmitter coil and a receiver coil. A magnetic current source was modeled to a magnetic dipole with magnetic dipole moment m. To increase wireless power transmission e-ciency, a high surface impedance ground plane was used and re∞ection from the ground plane is responsible for constructive interference. For this system, a theoretical study has been performed in this report by solving Sommerfeld integrals. Compared with the result of a system without a ground plane, the system with a high surface impedance ground plane showed enhancement of received power at a given transmitted power.
Adenovirus Vector E4 Gene Regulates Connexin 40 and 43 Expression in Endothelial Cells via PKA and PI3K Signal Pathways

Connexins (Cxs) provide a means for intercellular communication and play important roles in the pathophysiology of vascular cardiac diseases. Infection of endothelial cells (ECs) with first-generat...
The Metabolic Rifts of Livestock Agribusiness

Massive structural, geographic, and socioeconomic transformations have taken place in livestock production since the mid-20th century. Drawing from Marx’s theory of metabolic rift, as developed by ...
RUC-4: A Novel αIIbβ3 Antagonist for Prehospital Therapy of Myocardial Infarction

Objective— Treatment of myocardial infarction within the first 1 to 2 hours with a thrombolytic agent, percutaneous coronary intervention, or an αIIbβ3 antagonist decreases mortality and the later development of heart failure. We previously reported on a novel small molecule αIIbβ3 antagonist, RUC-2, that has a unique mechanism of action. We have now developed a more potent and more soluble congener of RUC-2, RUC-4, designed to be easily administered intramuscularly by autoinjector to facilitate its use in the prehospital setting. Here, we report the properties of RUC-4 and the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of RUC-2 and RUC-4 in animal models. Approach and Results— RUC-4 was ≈20% more potent than RUC-2 in inhibiting human ADP-induced platelet aggregation and much more soluble in aqueous solutions (60–80 mg/mL). It shared RUC-2’s specificity for αIIbβ3 versus αVβ3, did not prime the receptor to bind fibrinogen, or induce changes in β3 identified by a conformation-specific monoclonal antibody. Both RUC-2 and RUC-4 prevented FeCl 3 -induced thrombotic occlusion of the carotid artery in mice and decreased microvascular thrombi in response to laser injury produced by human platelets infused into transgenic mice containing a mutated von Willebrand factor that reacts with human but not mouse platelets. Intramuscular injection of RUC-4 in nonhuman primates at 1.9 and 3.85 mg/kg led to complete inhibition of platelet aggregation within 15 minutes, with dose-dependent return of platelet aggregation after 4.5 to 24 hours. Conclusions— RUC-4 has favorable biochemical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, antithrombotic, and solubility properties as a prehospital therapy of myocardial infarction, but the possibility of increased bleeding with therapeutic doses remains to be evaluated.
Earthworm Inspired Locomotive Motion from Fast Swelling Hybrid Hydrogels

Diverse motion mechanisms encountered in nature serve successfully as a guide for engineering efficient mobile devices used in cargo transport and force generation. We have previously demonstrated earthworm locomotion inspired directed motion and cargo transport using a pNIPA hydrogel-based device. The motility mechanism involved sequential shrinking and swelling of segments of a long gel in a glass capillary, induced by volume phase transitions, through a simple temperature stimulus using peltier elements. The same effect is generated in the earthworm by flexing and stretching muscles along the body as it moves in its underground burrow. The shrinking segments move the body forward while the swollen segments anchor against the walls to prevent slippage. Here, we show an improved device, using the same working principle, made of super-porous, mechanically robust organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogels (also known as nanocomposite hydrogels), which show large volume phase transitions above 32 °C without requiring lengthy hydrolysis times. The gels demonstrate fast swelling kinetics with complete restoration of their initial size in short times, making the gels reusable for multiple cycles. This improved device, with its reusability, fast swelling kinetics, and efficient slip-free motion, opens a variety of possibilities for applications in microfluidics, nanobiotechnology, small-scale robotics, and micro electro mechanical systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5027–5033, 2009
Block-Dependent Sedation during Epidural Anaesthesia is Associated with Delayed Brainstem Conduction

Background. Neuraxial anaesthesia produces a sedative and anaesthetic-sparing effect. Recent evidence suggests that spinal cord anaesthesia modifies reticulo-thalamo-cortical arousal by decreasing afferent sensory transmission. We hypothesized that epidural anaesthesia produces sensory deafferentation-dependent sedation that is associated with impairment of brainstem transmission. We used brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) to evaluate reticular function in 11 volunteers. Methods. Epidural anaesthesia was induced with 2-chloroprocaine 2%. Haemodynamic and respiratory responses, sensory block level, sedation depth and BAEP were assessed throughout induction and resolution of epidural anaesthesia. Sedation was evaluated using verbal rating score (VRS), observer's assessment alertness/sedation (OAA/S) score, and bispectral index score (BIS). Prediction probability ( P K ) was used to associate sensory block with sedation, as well as BIS with other sedation measures. Spearman's rank order correlation was used to associate block level and sedation with the absolute and interpeak BAEP latencies. Results. Sensory block level significantly predicted VRS ( P K =0.747), OAA/S score ( P K =0.748) and BIS. BIS predicted VRS and OAA/S score ( P K =0.728). The latency of wave III of BAEP significantly correlated with sedation level (ρ=0.335, P P Conclusions. Sedation during epidural anaesthesia depends on sensory block level and is associated with detectable block-dependent alterations in the brainstem auditory evoked responses. Sensory deafferentation may reduce CNS alertness through mechanisms related to brainstem neural activity.
Clinical features of late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis

BACKGROUND Although late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) is considered a good indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), the characteristics of this clinical entity have seldom been reported in the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging era. The authors reviewed their patients with LIAS who were treated by ETV to confirm its clinical features and response to treatment. METHODS The study group was composed of 31 patients diagnosed with LIAS who were previously untreated. Both anatomic and cine phase-contrast MR studies were used to detect the obstruction of the aqueduct canal. The preoperative symptoms were statistically analyzed in relation to the age of the patients and the degree of preoperative ventriculomegaly. RESULTS The overall success rate of ETV was 83.9% with mean follow-up duration of 26.2 months. Only two patients had acute onset (within one month) without any predisposing chronic symptoms. The patients with chronic symptoms (longer than 6 months [n = 25]) can be divided into two major groups: a headache group (n = 12) and a normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)-symptom group (n = 11), Two patients had both headaches and NPH symptoms. The patients in the headache group were significantly younger and had smaller ventricles than the patients in the NPH group. With multivariate regression analysis, age independently affected the type of chronic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS LIAS typically presents with chronic onset, with younger patients tending to have headaches, and older patients tending to have NPH symptoms. ETV is considered the best surgical option, with more than an 80% success rate.
A time-domain three-phase power system impedance modeling approach for harmonic filter analysis

A time-domain method for impedance modeling of an unbalanced, three-phase power transmission and distribution network using three-phase measurements of bus voltage and injected current waveforms is presented. An impedance model seen at a bus where a harmonic filter is to be installed is calculated for each harmonic frequency, and the effect of placing the filter at the bus is then analyzed at these frequencies. As the configuration or operating condition of the power system varies, the estimated model changes accordingly, provided updated measurements are available. Hence, the effect of the harmonic filter under different system configurations or operating conditions is analyzed, and the information from this analysis is used for online harmonic filter control. Impedance models estimated by the proposed method are applied in filter design and performance analysis with actual recorded data, and the results are presented. >
Random perturbation models and performance characterization in computer vision

It is shown how random perturbation models can be set up for a vision algorithm sequence involving edge finding, edge linking, and gap filling. By starting with an appropriate noise model for the input data, the authors derive random perturbation models for the output data at each stage of their example sequence. These random perturbation models are useful for performing model-based theoretical comparisons of the performance of vision algorithms. Parameters of these random perturbation models are related to measures of error such as the probability of misdetection of feature units, probability of false alarm, and the probability of incorrect grouping. Since the parameters of the perturbation model at the output of an algorithm are indicators of the performance of the algorithm, one could utilize these models to automate the selection of various free parameters (thresholds) of the algorithm. >
Water channels and water canals in the gill of the freshwater mussel, Ligumia subrostrata: Ultrastructure and histochemistry

The apical surface of all epithelial cells of the gills of Ligumia subrostrata either are ciliated or contain microvilli or show both structures. The ciliated cells on the gill filaments direct water through the ostia at the base of each gill filament. All the water passing through the gills and out the exhalent siphon must pass through the narrow water canals and into the central water channels. All of the epithelial cells lining the lateral water canals are mitochondria-rich. In addition, the central water channel epithelia contain clusters of mitochondria-rich cells, but many of the epithelial cells are mitochondria-poor. With the exception of the lateral ciliated cells, the lamellar epithelium of the surface filaments contains relatively mitochondria-poor cells. The mitochondria-rich epithelial cells of the water canals and water channel display the most histochemically intense reaction products for carbonic anhydrase and cytochrome oxidase. The mitochondria-rich cells of the water canal and water channel epithelia may be the principal cells responsible for salt transport in these mussels.
Psychiatric aspects of L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease.

Psychiatric complications of L-dopa treatment of Parkinson's disease at our hospital were less frequent and severe than reported at other institutions. Psychosocial factors were much more prominent in the complications that did occur than a pharmacologic effect of L-dopa. Interest in the connections between L-dopa, catecholamine metabolism and emotional disorder should not lead to neglect of medical-psychological aspects of L-dopa therapy.
The Effects of a Calorie-Reduced Diet on Periodontal Inflammation and Disease in a Non-Human Primate Model

Background: Low-calorie diets are commonplace for reducing body weight. However, no information is available on the effects of a reduced-calorie diet on periodontal inflammation and disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a long-term calorie-restriction (CR) diet on periodontitis in an animal model of periodontitis.Methods: Periodontitis was induced in 55 young, healthy, adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by tying 2.0 silk ligatures at the gingival margins of maxillary premolar/molar teeth. Animals on a CR diet (30% CR; N = 23) were compared to ad libitum diet controls (N = 32). Clinical measures, including the plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), modified gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after ligature placement.Results: Significant effects of CR were observed on the development of inflammation and the progression of periodontal destruction in this model. Compared to...
Factors associated with functional impairment in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVES Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability, particularly in the elderly. The factors determining disability remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of clinical and psychosocial variables on function in knee OA and to develop models to account for observed variance in self-reported disability. METHODS The subjects (n = 69) were hospital out-patients. Self-reported disability was measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index. Pain was measured by the WOMAC and the McGill pain questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, helplessness, self-efficacy, fatigue and quality of life were measured by standard instruments. A detailed knee examination, including pain threshold by dolorimetry, was performed. Radiographs were scored for individual features. RESULTS Pain severity, obesity and helplessness were the most important determinants of disability: a model including these variables accounted for 59.9% variance in WOMAC disability. Anxiety remained associated with disability in some models. Disability was unrelated to radiographic change. CONCLUSIONS Function in symptomatic knee OA is determined more by pain and obesity than by structural change, at least as seen on plain X-ray. Our study provides further support for interventions targeting anxiety and helplessness in knee OA.
The Oko Shear Zone, Sudan: post-accretionary deformation in the Arabian-Nubian Shield

The Oko Shear Zone is a late Precambrian, N- to NW-trending, post-accretionary deformational belt in the Red Sea Hills of the Sudan. It left-laterally offsets the c . 800–750 Ma old, NE-trending Nakasib suture by about 10 km. The Shear Zone evolved through three phases of deformations: (1) an early E-W-directed flattening deformation which produced N-trending upright folds; followed by (2) major NW-trending, left-lateral and, minor NE-trending, right-lateral strike-slip faulting; and (3) late E- and W-verging thrusts and buckles associated with a flower structure. The structural similarities between the Oko Shear Zone and other post-accretionary deformational belts in the Arabian-Nubian Shield suggest an evolutionary sequence for these belts: (1) suturing events were completed by c . 700 Ma ago 9and resulted in the formation of E- to NE-trending ophiolite-decorated sutures; (2) an E-W-directed flattening deformation was superimposed due to collision of the Arabian-Nubian Shield with the Nile craton in the west and the Ar Rayn micro-plate to the east at c. 670–610 Ma ago; this produced discrete zones of N-trending upright folds; (3) the flattening deformation culminated in the initiation of major NW-trending, left-lateral, and minor NE-trending, right-lateral strike-slip faults as conjugate sets at c. 640–560 Ma ago.
Movements of Radio-Marked California Ridgway's Rails During Monitoring Surveys: Implications for Population Monitoring

Abstract The California Ridgway's rail Rallus obsoletus obsoletus (hereafter California rail) is a secretive marsh bird endemic to tidal marshes in the San Francisco Bay (hereafter bay) of California. The California rail has undergone significant range contraction and population declines due to a variety of factors, including predation and the degradation and loss of habitat. Call-count surveys, which include call playbacks, based on the standardized North American marsh bird monitoring protocol have been conducted throughout the bay since 2005 to monitor population size and distribution of the California rail. However, call-count surveys are difficult to evaluate for efficacy or accuracy. To measure the accuracy of call-count surveys and investigate whether radio-marked California rails moved in response to call-count surveys, we compared locations of radio-marked California rails collected at frequent intervals (15 min) to California rail detections recorded during call-count surveys conducted over the ...
MICROANGIOPATHIC HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA AND SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS

Two cases of systemic vasculitis complicated by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) are described: this association has not previously been reported. Both patients had atypical presentations of their primary disease, one with parotitis and one with a Guillain-Barre syndrome. Other causes of MAHA were excluded and a possible link with macromolecular von Willebrands factor is speculated upon.
Low-grade-heat energy harvesting using superlattice thermoelectrics for applications in implantable medical devices and sensors

All implantable medical devices (IMDs), including pacemakers, defibrillators, drug infusion pumps, and pain management technology require electrical power. One limitation of implantable biomedical devices is the longevity of the battery source. Currently, the longevity of pacemakers and defibrillators ranges from 5 to 10 years depending on the model and pacing requirements. After 5-10 years, the patient has to undergo surgery for the pacemaker to be removed and the battery replaced. A solution to this problem would be to use temperature differences, typically as low as 0.3 to 1.5/spl deg/C that can exist between the inner surface of the skin and the core body temperature to create electrical energy. A thermoelectric module generating 70 /spl mu/W or more from such temperature gradients can be useful in such applications. The module can be useful to supplement the battery power. Beyond the medical devices market, these thermal batteries could also be used to power wireless sensors. In order to truly achieve "wireless" and untethered/unattended operation, it would be desirable to have self sustaining power or energy harvesting.
Creating the just community with children

(1977). Creating the just community with children. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 16, Moral Development, pp. 97-104.
Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Oriental Leaf-Toed Gecko, Hemidactylus bowringii (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from Hong Kong, China

The digestive tracts of 29 Hemidactylus bowringii from Hong Kong, China were examined for helminths. One species of Cestoda, Oochoristica javaensis, two species of Nematoda, Parapharyngodon maplestoni and Spauligodon hemidactylus, and one species of Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus bufonis, were found. These helminths are opportunistic generalists that infect other lizard species and each species represents a new helminth record for H. bowringii. Hong Kong, China is a new locality record for O. javaensis, P. maplestoni, and S. hemidactylus.
Cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma.

Cutaneous gamma–delta T-cell lymphoma (CGD-TCL) is a rare entity that has been included as a provisional category in the newly revised World Health Organisation–European Organisation for Research a...
Unraveling structural evolution of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 by in situ neutron diffraction

The electrochemical properties of the spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material are influenced by the synthesis processes, which determines the impurity phase and the distribution of Ni and Mn in the spinel structure. Taking advantage of neutron's high sensitivity to Ni and Mn, in situ neutron diffraction has been employed to quantify the phase formation/structural evolution process under continuous heating/cooling and isothermal annealing conditions. The results show that the subtle Ni and Mn ordering process occurs slowly at 700 °C and the degree of ordering can be controlled by the annealing time. At temperatures above 750 °C, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel phase starts to decompose into the rock-salt impurity phase accompanied by the release of O2. The rock-salt phase reverts back to the spinel phase upon cooling along with the oxygen uptake. The dynamic process of structural evolution of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 that was unraveled by in situ neutron diffraction is valuable for guiding the synthesis of cathode materials with desirable properties.
Intracranial vessel wall imaging: current applications and clinical implications

Conventional CT, MR, and digital subtraction angiography rely on the presence of luminal narrowing for the identification of vascular pathology offering limited insight into the offending pathophysiologic mechanism affecting the vessel. High-resolution MRI vessel wall imaging (VWI) has the potential to directly depict and characterize vessel wall pathology affecting the intracranial circulation increasing diagnostic accuracy for vasculopathies with similar angiographic findings.
Shoulder elevation affects joint position sense and muscle activation differently in upright and supine body orientations.

Abstract Objective Investigate the effects of shoulder elevation on repositioning errors in upright and supine body orientations, and examine these effects on anterior and posterior deltoid muscle activation. We hypothesized decreased errors, and altered anterior and posterior deltoid activation with increasing elevation, in both orientations. Design Crossover trial. Setting University laboratory. Participants Thirty-five college-aged participants. Intervention Subjects attempted to replicate target positions of various elevation angles in upright and supine body orientations. Also, anterior and posterior deltoid activation was recorded in each shoulder position and body orientation. Main outcome measures Vector and variable repositioning errors, anterior and posterior deltoid percentage of maximal contraction. Results Vector error was greater in supine compared to upright at 90° and 110°, but not at 70°. Variable error was larger in supine than upright, but was unaffected by elevation. Anterior deltoid activation increased with elevation in the upright posture only. Posterior deltoid activation increased with elevation across postures. Conclusions Muscle activation, external torque, and cutaneous sensations may combine to provide afferent feedback, and be used with centrally-generated signals to interpret the state of the limb during movement. Clinicians may prescribe open kinetic chain exercises in the upright posture with the shoulder elevated approximately 90–100°.
Development of a Laboratory Kit for Robotics Engineering Education

This paper discusses the development of a sequence of undergraduate courses forming the core curriculum in the Robotics Engineering (RBE) B.S. program at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI). The laboratory robotics kit developed for the junior-level courses is presented in detail. The platform is designed to be modular and cost-effective and it is suitable for laboratory based robotics education. The system is ideal not only for undergraduate coursework but also may be adapted for graduate and undergraduate research as well as for exposing K-12 students to STEM.
Adaptive Transmission Scheduling for Energy-Aware Real-Time Wireless Communication

Real-time low-power wireless networks are increasingly being used in applications such as: Industrial Internet-of-Things, Smart City technologies, and critical infrastructure monitoring. These networks typically use time-slotted super-frame techniques to ensure real-time performance. Often the time slots are assigned statically, and energy conservation is regulated to other mechanisms such as duty cycling. This paper combines real-time performance with novel energy conservation methods by describing a set of dynamic modulation based adaptive packet transmission scheduling algorithms that are designed to reclaim unused slot times. Our approach uses hybrid link access mechanisms. To support our reclaiming method in a wireless environment we introduce a novel low-power listening technique called reverse-low-power listening (RLPL) as part of an overall Hybrid Low-Power Listening (HLPL) protocol. We evaluate our algorithms against an oracle-based approach, and show that our dynamic slot reclaiming approach, coupled with HLPL, can introduce substantial power savings without sacrificing real-time support.
Transforming Siberia along the Laurussian margin

Paleozoic rotation of the Siberian craton along transform faults on the western Laurussian margin is a hypothesis that incorporates geologic and paleomagnetic evidence. The hypothesis could ultimately explain the origins of allochthonous Paleozoic terranes in the western North American Cordillera and northeast Russia, and supports a Precambrian connection of the Siberian craton to southwest North America. The hypothesized rotation may have opened a marginal sea leading to deposition of nearly identical early Paleozoic shelf sequences on the conjugate Cordilleran and Verkhoyansk margins. The model proposes that tectonic shearing transferred a series of terranes from Laurussia to the Siberian plate. The transforms evolved into convergent boundaries in the middle and late Paleozoic. The displaced terranes were ultimately accreted into the Cordillera and orogenic belts in northeast Russia.
Experimental Investigation of Premixed Cellular Tubular Flames

Two dimensionally spatially resolved structural measurements are reported for cellular phenomena in lean laminar premixed hydrogen-air tubular flames. Laser-induced Raman scattering and chemiluminescence imaging are combined to investigate low Lewis number lean hydrogen-air flames. The strong effect of thermal-diffusive imbalance is observed in radial profiles interpolated through the centers of reaction and extinction zones. In the flame cell, the equivalence ratio is ~40% higher than the inlet mixture, resulting in a peak flame temperature of 1450 K that is ~400 K above the adiabatic flame temperature of the inlet mixture (1055 K). In the adjacent extinction zone, the temperatures are ~700 K lower than the peak flame temperature and the equivalence ratio is similar to the inlet mixture. Despite doubling the global stretch rate from 200 s -1 to 400 s -1 , the enhancement of local equivalence ratio and peak flame temperature in the flame cell remain similar. This enhancement seems dependent on the local cellular flame curvature, that is similar between both cases. With strong preferential diffusion effects, cellular flames offer unique validation data to improve the accuracy of current molecular transport modeling techniques.
Photodissociation of Cobalt and Nickel Oxide Cluster Cations

Cobalt and nickel oxide cluster cations, CoxOy+ and NixOy+, are produced by laser vaporization of metal rods in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. T...
Winter Oviposition by the Alfalfa Weevil in Virginia

Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) eggs were dissected from monthly collections of alfalfa stems made from September to May at locations with altitudes ranging from 500 to 2910 ft. During 1958–59, 1959–60, and 1962–63 more eggs were found in stems collected at lower than in those from higher altitudes. The peak of oviposition also occurred earlier at the lower altitudes. Square-foot samples of alfalfa were collected in the winter from 3 different altitudes (560, 1850, and 2400 ft) during the 1964–65, 1965–66, and 1966–67 seasons, and brought into the laboratory for detection of hatching larvae. More larvae were obtained from the samples collected at lower altitudes.
Oxidation of Platinum Nickel Nanowires to Improve Durability of Oxygen-Reducing Electrocatalysts

In this study, the impact of heat treating platinum-coated nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires in oxygen is examined to determine the effect on oxygen reduction (ORR) activity and durability. Pt-Ni nanowires exhibit promising ORR mass activities (3 times greater than Pt nanoparticles, 1.5 times greater than U.S. Department of Energy target) both before and after potential cycling for all but the highest annealing temperatures explored. The annealing of Pt-Ni nanowires in oxygen with increasing temperature is found to reduce surface area and ORR activity in comparison to the untreated material, but also reduces activity losses following durability testing. Following potential cycling, unannealed Pt-Ni nanowires show significant losses in surface area (23%) and specific activity (18%) while Pt-Ni nanowires annealed at 200°C show modest increases in surface area (2%) and specific activity (6%) after potential cycling. Increasing annealing temperatures also show a clear trend of decreasing Ni dissolution rates. While oxygen annealing has shown the ability to improve durability of Pt-Ni nanowires, significant Ni dissolution was observed in all samples and suggests oxide passivation while showing promise for improved durability, when employed by itself is insufficient to prevent all contamination concerns involving Ni dissolution.
Dollard, John (1900–80), Race and Caste Thesis

Among the many prominent studies on race relations in America, John Dollard's work Caste and Class in a Southern Town, first published in 1937, continues to be most influential piece of research. John Dollard was an American psychologist and social scientist. He put forth a caste–class thesis that constitutes the psychological and psychoanalytical perspective on how caste and class shaped race relations in the Deep South. In this research Dollard used the caste lens to understand the relationship between whites and Negroes in Southerntown—a fictitious name given to the town in the Deep South that was his research site. Influenced heavily by the work of Llyod Warner, he referred to whites and Negroes in Southerntown as two dominant caste groups. Keywords: caste; class; community sociology; inequality; race
Alibaba:Leading“Informal Economy Business”by Values

Informal economy refers to the economic activity in which the final licit product is provided by the informal process unregulated by the government.Informal economy business comes true when the informal economy is seemed as a kind of social need and customer value.The practice of Alibaba witnessed the process of leading informal economy business by values,from the formation of values-driven enterprise based on such social innovation and values-based leader’s characteristics,to a series practice of management by values,including the construction,realization and development of values,the practice of which eventually lead to the contribution of the enterprise to customers and the growth of the enterprise itself.
Digital cholangioscopy: assessing the impact of radiofrequency ablation.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been shown to be an efficacious therapy that improves survival in patients with malignant biliary strictures [1]. Direct cholangioscopy can be useful in confirming a successful response to therapy. We present the case of a patient who underwent RFA of a distal malignant biliary stricture, with cholangioscopic images obtained before and after the procedure confirming successful ablation. A 66-year-old woman with an inoperable malignant biliary stricture presented for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The duodenoscope (TGFQ180V; Olympus America, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA) was advanced to the ampulla. An occlusion cholangiogram showed a dilated biliary tree above a distal biliary stricture. A digital cholangioscope (SpyGlass; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was inserted into the bile duct, and the stricture was visualized. Oozing, erythematous mucosa consistent with malignancy was seen in the distal portion of the duct. An RFA catheter (Habib EndoHPB; EMcision, Montreal, Canada) was advanced into the stricture, and RFA was performed at 8 effect and 10W for 90 seconds [2]. The cholangioscope was then reinserted, and visualization showed successfully ablated tissue with localized necrosis
Funny Words: The Language of Humor

Following Frege’s lead, Dummett, as we have seen, adds to the former’s list several exemplars of tone. Among these is a class of ‘evocative’ expressions — a class that includes profanities, for instance — whose meanings are said to be uniquely governed by subjective associations connected to audience reaction or response. Intriguingly, a passing remark of Dummett’s suggests that such meaning-determining mental associations can also be comic. In this section I wish to investigate the claim that natural languages contain expressions that are intrinsically humorous. Falling back on the idea of a community-wide, standardized ‘home setting’, introduced earlier for particular classes of tonal expressions, I repair infelicities in Dummett’s account of the idiosyncratic and subjective workings of evocatives and analyze the suitability of Frege’s Farbung — Dummett’s ‘tone’ — for explaining the semantic character of words that many dictionaries label ‘jocular’. Wittgenstein’s idea of a shared form of life comes briefly into play, and I highlight the occurrence of such terms in unasserted contexts. In finding the condition of representationality to be decisive, a commitment to the compositionality of sentence- and utterance-meaning is preserved.
The Mulan Weichang Imperial Hunting Enclosure

There are records of Imperial parks and enclosures from earliest times. The legendary model of the ideal sovereign, Wen Wang of Zhou (app. 1150 BC), was said to have a preserve in which wildlife and birds flourished to the benefit of the whole kingdom (Shi Jing, Da Ya, Ling Tai. Karlgren no. 242: 196–7). Under a particularly strong ruler, these preserves could cover a significant area; in 138 BC, the emperor Han Wudi expanded his preserve to cover an area estimated to be 100 li (50 km) from east to west, and 50 li (25 km) from north to south (Schafer, 1968: 327). Han Wudi’s preserve was noted because it was unusually large. Whatever the size of these preserves, they were limited in number, serving as symbolic and ritual enclosures, not as protected areas of wilderness. They offered a setting for official functions, they supplied animals for religious sacrifices, and they provided an area for the relaxation of the Imperial family. At a more symbolic level, the preserves were stocked with plants and animals from all parts of the empire as well as from foreign countries, representing a microcosm of the world over which the emperor held sway.1
“My pain grows as my life dwindles”*: Women, poetry, and resisting state violence in Afghanistan:

Western media reporting on the post-9/11 Taliban regime in Afghanistan propagated the image of Afghani women as being helpless, voiceless victims in desperate need of external intervention to rescue them from oppression—i.e. the faceless woman dressed in the all-encompassing blue burqa. Contrary to such symbolizing, and drawing on Hayward and Schuilenburg’s (2014) criteria for resistance, this article examines the longevity and endurance of Pashtun poetry as a vehicle of resistance for women and girls in their fight against state-sanctioned patriarchal oppression. Not only does this undermine the broader narrative of helplessness propagated by the West, but it illuminates the agency, resilience, and bravery of women who challenge the status quo and achieve greater participation in public and political life.
Parental Deception: Perceived Effects on Parent-Child Relationships

Deception research has recently begun to examine its occurrence within parent-child relationships. The use and consequence of parental deception on the parent-child relationship remains unclear. The current study examined the effects of parental lies on the parent-child relationship. Questionnaires were provided to 276 participants that asked them to indicate their satisfaction with their parents, what kinds of lies parents have told, the seriousness of the lies, and how the lies affected their relationship. Findings revealed a negative correlation between parental deception and satisfaction, and parents were rated most likely to use white lies than any other types. The implications of the use of deception within parent-child relationships are discussed.
THE PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPACTED MYOCARDIUM IN DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY: A CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY

Background: Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) often demonstrate prominent trabeculae in the presence of a diminished thickness of compacted myocardium; a condition that can be well delineated by contrast echocardiography(CON). The goal of this study was to use CON to define the prevalence
Domestic Financial Policies under Fixed and under Floating Exchange Rates (Politiques finaciÃ¨rieures intÃ©rieures avec un systÃ¨me de taux de change fixe et avec un systÃ¨me de taux de change fluctuant) (PolÃ­tica financiera interna bajo sistemas de tipos de cambio fijos o de tipos de cambio fluctuantes)

Les comparaisons entre les systA¨mes de taux de change ne tiennent pas toujours compte des incidences de ces systA¨mes sur l'efficacitA© comparA©e de la politique monA©taire d'une part, et de la politique budgA©taire d'autre part, en tant que moyens techniques d'influencer le niveau de la demande monA©taire de la production intA©rieure. Le prA©sent article montre que l'expansion rA©sultant d'une augmentation donnA©e de la masse monA©taire sera toujours plus forte si le pays a un taux de change fluctuant que s'il a un taux fixe. Au contraire, il n'est pas certain que l'accroissement de la demande de production intA©rieure rA©sultant d'une augmentation donnA©e des dA©penses budgA©taires ou d'une rA©duction donnA©e des taux d'imposition soit plus fort ou plus faible avec un taux fluctuant qu'avec un taux fixe. A l'exception des cas extrAames, l'influence stimulante exercA©e par l'augmentation de la masse monA©taire sera toujours plus grande, en comparaison avec celle qui rA©sulte d'une politique budgA©taire A caractA¨re expansionniste, lorsque le taux de change est fluctuant que lorsqu'il est fixe. /// Al establecer una comparaciA³n entre los sistemas cambiarios, no siempre se toma en consideraciA³n la influencia que A©stos ejercen sobre la eficacia relativa de la polA­tica monetaria y la polA­tica presupuestaria como medios de influir en el nivel de la demanda monetaria de la producciA³n interna. En este estudio se demuestra que cuando un paA­s emplea un tipo de cambio fluctuante, el efecto expansionista de un aumento dado del medio circulante serAi siempre mayor que cuando emplea un tipo de cambio fijo. Por otra parte, no se sabe si el efecto expansionista que ejercerA­a sobre la demanda de la producciA³n interna un aumento dado de los gastos presupuestarios, o una disminuciA³n dada de las tasas tributarias, habrA­a de ser mayor o menor con un tipo de cambio fluctuante que con un tipo de cambio fijo. Salvo en casos extremos, cuando el tipo de cambio es fluctuante, el estA­mulo que ejerce sobre la demanda monetaria un aumento del medio circulante serAi siempre mayor, en relaciA³n con el que provoca una modificaciA³n de carAicter expansionista de la polA­tica presupuestaria, que cuando el tipo de cambio es fijo.
Punishment-Induced Facilitation and Suppression in the Shuttlebox

Three experiments were conducted demonstrating punishment-in-duced facilitation or vicious-circle behavior in some rats and suppression in others. A brief 0.1-s shock at the completion of the response resulted in either facilitation or suppression, while an end shock of 0.5 s or more resulted in suppression.
NCAA Division I Athlete STEM Graduates: Stereotypes, Microaggressions, Race, and Gender

The purpose of this study was to explore how NCAA Division I athlete STEM graduates viewed their undergraduate experiences with members of the campus community such as academic advisors, other athletes, faculty, nonathlete students, and coaches. Using several interpretive frameworks, this study found that stereotypical assumptions, whether positive or negative, were conditional upon the athlete’s gender. Moreover, male athletes reported feeling a level of acceptance from campus members, although this same experience was eventually interpreted as token or conditional acceptance, largely because they were subjected to salient athlete microaggressions and considered exceptional but not entirely accepted by the academic community. The study also discovered that athletes who pursued degrees in STEM fields engaged in in-group stereotyping of other athletes, and some were aware of the social significance of race and intersectional identities in shaping the quality of their college experiences. These findings hav...
Cell autonomous sanctions in legumes target ineffective rhizobia in nodules with mixed infections.

Author(s): Regus, John U; Quides, Kenjiro W; O'Neill, Matthew R; Suzuki, Rina; Savory, Elizabeth A; Chang, Jeff H; Sachs, Joel L | Abstract: Premise of the studyTo maximize benefits from symbiosis, legumes must limit physiological inputs into ineffective rhizobia that nodulate hosts without fixing nitrogen. The capacity of legumes to decrease the relative fitness of ineffective rhizobia-known as sanctions-has been demonstrated in several legume species, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Sanctions are predicted to work at the whole-nodule level. However, whole-nodule sanctions would make the host vulnerable to mixed-nodule infections, which have been demonstrated in the laboratory and observed in natural settings. Here, we present and test a cell-autonomous model of legume sanctions that can resolve this dilemma.MethodsWe analyzed histological and ultrastructural evidence of sanctions in two legume species, Acmispon strigosus and Lotus japonicus. For the former, we inoculated seedlings with rhizobia that naturally vary in their abilities to fix nitrogen. In the latter, we inoculated seedlings with near-isogenic strains that differ only in the ability to fix nitrogen.Key resultsIn both hosts, plants inoculated with ineffective rhizobia exhibited evidence for a cell autonomous and accelerated program of senescence within nodules. In plants that received mixed inoculations, only the plant cells harboring ineffective rhizobia exhibited features consistent with programmed cell death, including collapsed vacuoles, ruptured symbiosomes, and bacteroids that are released into the cytosol. These features were consistently linked with ultrastructural evidence of reduced survival of ineffective rhizobia in planta.ConclusionsOur data suggest an elegant cell autonomous mechanism by which legumes can detect and defend against ineffective rhizobia even when nodules harbor a mix of effective and ineffective rhizobial genotypes.
Trade-off in the computation of minimum constraint removal paths for manipulation planning

The typical objective in path planning is to find the shortest feasible path. Many times, however, such paths may not be available given constraints, such as movable obstacles. This frequently happ...