cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro dermal disposition of abamectin (avermectin B1) in livestock

Many avermectins are approved for topical application in domestic animals. However, extralabel use may result in significant dermal absorption and consequently the potential for adverse effects or violative residues. The primary aim of this study was to assess dermal disposition of abamectin in vitro in bovine, caprine, ovine, and porcine skin dosed in 100% isopropanol, commercial alcohol-based (Ivomec), or oil-based (Eprinex) formulations. Skin sections were perfused in a flow-through diffusion cell system for 8 h, and the disposition of radiolabel abamectin was determined from perfusate and skin samples. Abamectin absorption ranged from 0.09% to 0.20% dose and there were no significant differences between formulations in each species. Isopropanol significantly increased skin deposition in all species when compared to the oil formulation. Absorption was significantly greater in bovine skin than in porcine skin for the isopropanol-containing formulations, but there were no significant species differences for the oil formulation. While significant levels (11.69-50.23% dose) remained on the skin surface, the highest levels deposited in viable skin were observed in caprine skin (28.09% dose) and the lowest levels were in porcine skin (1.50% dose) which could lead to systemic absorption. In summary, these 8-h experiments demonstrated that the alcohol-based formulations compared to oil-based formulations enhanced abamectin absorption and skin deposition in several animal species, and this effect is more likely to be observed in ruminant species than in porcine species.
Cooperative Strategies in International Business

The article reviews the book “Cooperative Strategies in International Business,” by Farok J. Contractor and Peter Lorange.
Medically diagnosed overweight and weight loss in a US national survey.

Abstract Background Impact of physician diagnosis of overweight on successful weight loss in community-based patients is not known. We analyzed data from NHANES 1999-04 to assess if self-reported physician diagnosis of overweight was associated with attempted and successful weight loss in the preceding year. Methods We determined if physician-rendered diagnosis of overweight was associated with attempted and successful weight loss in multivariable Poisson regression models that adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education, income, insurance status, BMI, central obesity, self-rated health, number of office/emergency room visits, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Successful weight loss was defined as intentional loss of ≥ 5% body weight over the last year. Results We included 8767 adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 who met the criteria for this analysis. In multivariate models physician-rendered diagnosis of overweight was associated with attempted weight loss (PrR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30–1.48) and successful weight loss (PrR 2.09; 95% CI, 1.72–2.55). Female gender, self-rated health, number of office/emergency room visits in preceding year, severity of overweight and presence of overweight-related co-morbidities were all significantly associated with physician diagnosis of overweight. Conclusion In a nationally representative sample of community dwelling adults, self-reported physician diagnosis of overweight was associated with successful weight loss.
Performance evaluation of a commercial cache-coherent shared memory multiprocessor

This paper describes an approximate Mean Value Analysis (MVA) model developed to project the performance of a small-scale shared-memory commercial symmetric multiprocessor system. The system, based on Hewlett Packard Precision Architecture processors, supports multiple active user processes and multiple execution threads within the operating system.Using detailed timing for hardware delays, a customized approximate closed queueing model is developed for the multiprocessor system. The model evaluates delays due to bus and memory contention, and cache interference. It predicts bus bandwidth requirements and utilizations for the bus and memory controllers. An extension to handle I/O traffic is outlined.Applications are profiled on the basis of execution traces on uniprocessor systems to provide inputs parameters for the model. Performance effects of various detailed architectural tradeoffs (memory interleaving, lower memory latencies) are examined. The sensitivity of overall system performance to various parameters is explored. Preliminary measurements of uniprocessor systems are compared against the model predictions. A prototype multiprocessor system is under development. We intend to validate the modeling results against measurements.
Axial dispersion of submicron particles in capillary hydrodynamic fractionation

In the present investigation, Taylor's analysis of the axial dispersion of a solute in a Newtonian fluid undergoing laminar flow through a circular tube was applied to dispersions of colloidal particles, in which effects of size exclusion, inertial and colloidal forces, and wall retardation must be considered. The results indicate that the product of the particle Reynolds and Peclet numbers determines the importance of the inertial forces on both the effective axial diffusion coefficient and the height of a theoretical plate. The height of a theoretical plate as a function of the eluant ionic strength and average velocity, particle diameter, and tube diameter was determined experimentally. Close agreement with the numerical calculations from the diffusion equation was obtained. The height of a theoretical plate was found to attain a maximum value when the product of Reynolds and Peclet numbers was approximately 10.5.
The pK of five estrogens in aqueous solutions

Abstract The differences in spectra of estrogens in acidic and basic solutions are due to the presence of phenoxy ion. It is thus possible to relate hydrogen ion concentration in buffered solutions to degree of ionization. The p K of the estradiol-17β is thus found to be 10.078, that of estradiol-17α is 10.098, of estrone is 10.914, of 6-dehydroestradiol is 9.744, and of 6-ketoestradiol is 9.079.
Benign Breast Cyst without Associated Gynecomastia in a Male Patient: A Case Report

Benign simple breast cysts are commonly seen in female breasts and can present as palpable masses. They are distinctly uncommon, however, in the male breast. We report a case of simple benign cyst of the breast in a 58-year-old man newly diagnosed with mantel cell lymphoma. The cyst was first identified incidentally on a staging contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography. Further evaluation with mammography and ultrasound revealed a mass that would be typically characterized as a benign simple cyst, but was biopsied since cysts are not known to occur in male breasts. Pathology results from ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy revealed benign cyst and focal fibrosis which was concordant with the imaging findings. In this case report, we will briefly discuss breast cysts in men and their imaging features including mammography and ultrasound.
Microbial Enantioselective Reduction of Acetylpyridine Derivatives

The microbial enantioselective reduction of acetylpyridine derivatives was studied. Many microorganisms were found to reduce 5-acetylfuro[2,3-c]pyridine (AFP) to (S)-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)furo[2,3-c]-pyridine (FPH). Candida maris IFO10003 reduced AFP to (R)-FPH with high enantioselectivity. The microbial reduction reaction was optimized. The aeration conditions and glucose concentration affected the yield and stereoselectivity. The cells accumulated 17.5 g/l (107 mM) of (R)-FPH with a 99% yield and 97% enantiomeric excess (e.e.). A cell-free extract of C. maris accumulated 91.5 g/l (559 mM) with over 99% e.e. with enzymatic NADH regeneration. (R)-FPH is an important intermediate for the synthesis of HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, and other optically active 1-(pyridyl)ethanol derivatives are versatile chiral building blocks for asymmetric synthesis.
Natural gas: The next shortage

The eighth Annual Meeting of the Gas Research Institute that was held in Chicago in April 1984 focused on the potential of a crisis in the supply of natural gas. According to a report of discussions held at that meeting, “Natural gas, the country's largest petrochemical feedstock, may be in short supply in a couple of years if some present forecasts prove true. The next supply/demand crisis for natural gas is likely to come in early 1986” [Chemical and Engineering News, April 30, 1984]. There are a number of variables, geologic and socio-economic, that may affect this prediction. An important factor is that drilling exploration of natural gas has decreased sharply, due to the onset of sharp rates of surplus since 1981. Drilling is highly sensitive to depth and flow rate.
Performance-directed energy management for storage systems

Energy consumption has become an important issue in the design of battery-operated mobile devices and sophisticated data centers. The storage hierarchy, which includes memory and disks, is a major energy consumer in such systems; especially for high-end servers at data centers. Much work has focused on energy control algorithms for storage systems that transition a device into a low power mode when a certain usage function exceeds a specified threshold. These algorithms are difficult to use in real systems, however, because designers must painstakingly and manually tune threshold values, and even then a performance guarantee is difficult. To address these limitations, we develop three algorithms: 1) a performance guarantee technique that designers can use with any underlying energy-control algorithm 2) a performance-directed control algorithm that periodically assigns a static configuration to different devices by solving an optimization problem 3) another performance-directed control algorithm that dynamically self-tunes according to an optimal set of thresholds
THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. Marianne Gullberg and Peter Indefrey (Eds.)

THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION. Marianne Gullberg and Peter Indefrey (Eds.). Oxford: Blackwell, 2006. Pp. v + 348. $39.95 paper.This edited collection consists of a selection of conference papers that deal with the brain and SLA. The areas of focus are age and proficiency levels related to the critical period issue, ultimate attainment, and the regulation of two languages in a brain. The main chapters review the evidence in these areas and are each followed by a critical commentary.
Structure and sequence of the gene encoding the α-subunit of rat translation initiation factor-2B☆

Abstract Eukaryotic initiation factor-2B (eIF-2B) is a heteropentameric quanine nucleotide exchange factor involve in the recycling of eIF-2 during the translation phase of protein synthesis. The activity of eIF-2B is controlled by diverse mechanisms under a wide range of conditions. As part of our studies into the control of the expression of eIF-2B subunit mRNAs, we have isolated and characterized the rat gene encoding the α-subunit of eIF-2B. The gene is comprised of 9 exons which are contained within 8.5 kb of genomic DNA. A comparison of the 5′-flanking region of the gene with that of the previously isolated eIF-2Bϵ gene reveals that both possess a potential binding site for the α-Pal transcription factor as well as several other regions of homology.
Intervention and Management of Congenital Left Heart Obstructive Lesions

While congenital heart defects are typically diagnosed in early childhood, depending on the severity of the lesion, they may not be recognized until later childhood or in adulthood. Left heart pressure loading lesions, including mitral valve stenosis, subaortic stenosis, valvular aortic stenosis, supravalvular aortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta, may be found as an isolated lesion or as a constellation together known as Shone syndrome. This review will highlight the literature published regarding the diagnosis, intervention, and long-term management of left heart pressure loading lesions.
Bayesian density regression

Summary. The paper considers Bayesian methods for density regression, allowing a random probability distribution to change flexibly with multiple predictors. The conditional response distribution is expressed as a non-parametric mixture of regression models, with the mixture distribution changing with predictors. A class of weighted mixture of Dirichlet process priors is proposed for the uncountable collection of mixture distributions. It is shown that this specification results in a generalized Polya urn scheme, which incorporates weights that are dependent on the distance between subjects’ predictor values. To allow local dependence in the mixture distributions, we propose a kernel-based weighting scheme. A Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed for posterior computation. The methods are illustrated by using simulated data examples and an epidemiologic application.
Equality, Self-Government and Democracy: a Critique of Dahl's Political Equality:

D EMOCRACY and equality are necessarily linked in political theory. What is problematic is the nature of this linkage. Many critics of contemporary liberal democratic practice are concerned that inequalities in political resources among citizens threaten the very democratic character of these states. They believe that formal equality among citizens is not enough to maintain any meaningful conception of popular rule when substantive inequalities of political resources are too great. Some of these critics argue that substantive equality in political resources among citizens is an ideal standard by which to guide reform and measure the extent to which a polity is fully democratic. While initially appealing, such an egalitarian standard and its resulting strategy for reform is fundamentally mistaken. I shall argue that substantive democratic egalitarianism fails to appreciate the very complex and in some ways essential roles which substantive political inequalities play in a democratic polity. The relationship of equality to democracy is a complicated one. It is most adequately comprehended when we think of democracy as a system of community self-government seeking laws and practices beneficial to the community as a whole.
Magnetic phase transitions in CoCl2-graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract Evidence for the dominance of 2D-XY behavior in a magnetic graphite intercalation compound (GIC) is presented. The strongest present support for 2D-XY behavior in a magnetic GIC comes from a comparison of the high temperature series expansion calculation above T cu with susceptibility measurements for a high stage CoCl 2 -GIC sample and from a comparison of the experimental susceptibility results with a more general model Hamiltonian that is applicable over a broader temperature range.
Cold shear modulus and Grüneisen parameter at all densities

Abstract We derive the relation −1/2 d ln G/d ln V−1/6=γ for the volume dependence of the cold (T=0) shear modulus, G, where γ is the cold Gruneisen parameter given by the formula γ = − 1 / 2 d ln ( B − 2 / 3 t P ) / d ln V − 1 / 6 , B and P being the cold bulk modulus and pressure, respectively. For constant t, this formula reduces to the known Slater, Dugdale–MacDonald, and Vashchenko–Zubarev relations for t=0, 1, and 2, respectively. However, as we demonstrate, in the case of a real solid under pressure, t is a variable such that t→5/2 as P→∞. This formula is the basis for the analytic model of the cold Gruneisen parameter, γ ( V ) = 1 / 2 + γ 1 V 1 / 3 + γ 2 V q , q>1, developed previously by two of the authors, and the corresponding analytic model of the cold shear modulus. The model of the shear modulus is compared to electronic-structure calculations and experimental data on rare-gas solids, iron, and cobalt, and good agreement is found in all cases.
The effect of the seawater cooling system of a nuclear generating station on the growth of mussels in experimental populations

Abstract In order to determine the effects of the effluent of a nuclear generating station on the growth of mussels, replicate experimental populations of Mytilus edulis were suspended from buoys located various distances upcoast and downcoast from the outfall of the cooling system and from buoys in a control area 13 km downcoast. Experiments were conducted for periods of one, two, and four months when the plant was pumping heated effluent and for similar periods when the pumps were operating intermittently and the effluent was not heated. Significant positive linear trends of growth with distance from the outfall were observed during all experiments. In contrast, a significant relationship of growth relative to the origin of the array of stations at the control site was observed only once. These results demonstrate that the cooling system caused a decrease in the growth of mussels in the vicinity of the outfall, and that factors other than heat were responsible for this reduced growth.
Escherichia coli bacteremia in cancer patients

During a 10-year period, 621 episodes of Escherichia coli bacteremia occurred in 575 cancer patients. The infection was most common in patients with acute leukemia and genitourinary and gastrointestinal malignancies. Most of the patients acquired their infection while in the hospital, and 38 percent had received antibiotics during the preceding 10 days. Fever occurred in 96 percent of patients, and afebrile patients had an especially poor prognosis. Only 4.5 percent of the patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation, although hemorrhage contributed to the death of 15 percent of the patients. The overall response rate was 66 percent, but it increased from 48 percent in 1972 to 76 percent in 1981. Patients without pulmonary infection had a response rate of 78 percent, whereas patients with pulmonary infection had a response rate of only 41 percent. Patients who had positive blood culture results while receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy had a poor prognosis. There was no correlation between the patients' initial neutrophil counts and response, but patients whose neutrophil count increased during therapy had a response rate of 75 percent, compared with a 47 percent response rate for patients whose neutrophil count decreased. The response rate was 71 percent for patients who received appropriate antibiotics, 38 percent for patients who received inappropriate antibiotics, and 8 percent for patients who received no antibiotics. A single appropriate antibiotic was as effective as a combination.
Sociodemographic factors associated with obesity in the USA

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of sociodemographic factors on the likelihood of an individual being obese using a cross-sectional survey of Americans and logit analysis. Results of the logit model indicate that those with children, black people, women, those with a lower education level, those from the Midwest, and those who have a lower level of physical activity during leisure time are more likely to be obese than others. Considering the extent of the obesity problem in the United States, these results should be used as a guide in the design of food policy and health education programmes concerning obesity. The results could also be used by marketers of health food and drug products in their marketing campaigns.
On the failure of NiAl bicrystals during laser-induced shock compression

Abstract Thin NiAl bicrystals 5 mm in diameter and 150–350 μm thick were tested under laser-induced shock compression to evaluate the material behavior and the effect of localized strain at the grain boundary on the failure of these specimens. Circular NiAl bicrystal samples with random misorientation were grown using a modified Czochralski technique and samples were prepared for shock compression at moderate pressures (
NGF prevents the changes induced by monocular deprivation during the critical period in rats

Abstract Photic evoked responses were recorded from the striate cortex of Long-Evans hooded intact, monocular visual deprivation (MD) and MD treated with NGF rats. The averaged visual evoked responses (AVER) were obtained from both hemispheres and provided comparison after binocular photic stimuli between the contralateral and the ipsilateral striate cortex with relation to the MD eye. One month of monocular visual deprivation at the critical period of development resulted in marked reduction of the amplitudes of AVER components as compared to the control recordings (P
Genome-wide meta-regression of gene-environment interaction

Understanding the effects of gene-environment interaction on complex human diseases or traits in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can help uncover novel genes and identify environmental hazards that influence only certain genetically susceptible groups. Thus there is a pressing need to develop efficient and powerful interaction analysis methods. In this paper, we propose a novel meta-analysis method of gene-environment interaction, based on meta-regression (MR-M&I). Compared with existing meta-analysis methods, MR-M&I allows for heterogeneity in the environmental factor (E) by dividing the subjects in each study into groups according to the distribution of E. Moreover, it can readily estimate linear or non-linear interactions, and thus it is more generally applicable to different scenarios. We use numerical examples to demonstrate the performance of MR-M&I and compare it with two commonly used methods in current GWAS. The results show that MR-M&I is more powerful than the other methods.
Studies of Inviscid Flux Schemes for Acoustics and Turbulence Problems

The last two decades have witnessed tremendous growth in computational power, the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes which scale well over thousands of processors, and the refinement of unstructured grid-generation tools which facilitate rapid surface and volume gridding of complex geometries. Thus, engineering calculations of 10(exp 7) - 10(exp 8) finite-volume cells have become routine for some types of problems. Although the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) approach to modeling turbulence is still in extensive and wide use, increasingly large-eddy simulation (LES) and hybrid RANS-LES approaches are being applied to resolve the largest scales of turbulence in many engineering problems. However, it has also become evident that LES places different requirements on the numerical approaches for both the spatial and temporal discretization of the Navier Stokes equations than does RANS. In particular, LES requires high time accuracy and minimal intrinsic numerical dispersion and dissipation over a wide spectral range. In this paper, the performance of both central-difference and upwind-biased spatial discretizations is examined for a one-dimensional acoustic standing wave problem, the Taylor-Green vortex problem, and the turbulent channel fl ow problem.
Characterization of multifiber polycapillary x-ray collimating optics

Polycapillary collimating optics collect x rays produced by a point source over a wide solid angle (as large as 10 - 15 degrees cone angle) and a large energy bandwidth, and provide a quasi-parallel beam with a small divergence (a few milliradians). These optics are emerging as important tools in materials analysis, medical imaging, x-ray lithography and protein crystallography. Results of measurements carried out on three multi-fiber polycapillary x-ray collimating optics are described. Parameters influencing efficient employment of these optics, such as transmission versus photon energy, output beam uniformity, and divergence are characterized. Monte Carlo simulations based on ray-tracing geometrical optics are compared with experimental performances to extract additional information.
Derived demand for disaggregated cheese products imported into Japan

The objective of this article is to estimate the derived demand for imported cheese products into Japan when cheese import data are disaggregated by specific cheese group and by source country of production+We provide empirical measures of the sensitivity of demand to changes in total imports, own-price, and cross-prices among exporting countries for four market segments of the cheese category+ Derived demands for U+S+ fresh, grated, and processed cheese products are perfectly inelastic, and it is thus suggested that competition in these segments be based upon differences in product characteristics+ However, the derived demand for “other” cheese is elastic, and competition can be price driven+ Hence, an advantage of this paper’s approach is that disaggregating import data for a product category helps identify specific marketing strategies for market segments within the category+ @EconLit citations: Q110, Q130, Q170+# © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc+
TRANSPORT OF RESUSPENDED DREDGED SEDIMENT NEAR CORAL REEFS AT APRA HARBOR, GUAM

Model studies have been conducted to investigate the potential coral reef exposure from proposed dredging associated with development of a new deepwater wharf in outer Apra Harbor, Guam. The Particle Tracking Model (PTM) was applied to quantify the exposure of coral reefs to material suspended by the dredging operations at proposed sites. Key PTM features include the flexible capability of continuous multiple releases of sediment parcels, control of parcel/substrate interaction, and the ability to track vast numbers of parcels efficiently. This flexibility has allowed for model simulation of the combined effects of sediment release from clamshell dredging, of chiseling to fracture limestone blocks, of silt curtains, and of flocculation. Because the rate of material released into the water column by some of the processes is not well understood or a priori known, the modeling protocol was to bracket parameters within reasonable ranges to produce a suite of potential results from multiple model runs. Data analysis results include mapping the time histories and the maximum values of suspended sediment concentration and deposition rate. Following exposure modeling, the next phase of the analysis has been an ecological assessment to translate the PTM exposure level predictions into predicted amounts of coral reef damage. The level of potential coral reef impact will be an important component of the final selection process for the new deepwater berthing site.
Rocket injector single element characterization at the Marshall Space Flight Center

The paper describes three experimental facilities which are being developed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for rocket injector cold-flow characterization. The first of these is an already operational cold-flow ambient-backpressure facility, which uses water and air to simulate LOX and gaseous hydrogen, respectively; the facility can be used to obtain discharge coefficients, to measure flow uniformity, and to develop diagnostic techniques for use in the high-backpressure cold-flow chamber that is being currently developed at MSFC. The second is a cold-flow acrylic model facility to be used for evaluating the effect of changes in the internal flow geometry on the performance and combustion stability characteristics of a swirl coaxial LOX post. The third is a high-pressure cold-flow facility to be used for the characterization of the injector elements' performance; a specific application is to determine the effect of swirl elements on the temperature striations in the SSME preburners.
Nonlinear absorption by all-trans-β-carotene studied by diffraction from laser-induced anharmonic thermal gratings

Utilisation du reseau de diffraction thermique anharmonique induit par laser pour comparer les processus d'absorption non lineaires du β-carotene dans des solvants polaire (chloroforme) et non polaire (hexane)
A Fundamental Model for the Prediction of Distillation Sieve Tray Efficiency. 2. Model Development and Validation

A mechanistic model has been developed for the prediction of sieve tray point efficiency for both aqueous and hydrocarbon systems. A forerunner of the model was developed from fundamental relationships by Prado and Fair in 1990 and was based on gas−liquid transfer in systems of predominantly air and water. The earlier model has now been modified and extended. Contacting on a sieve tray is considered analogous to gas−liquid contacting in a mechanically agitated vessel, and supporting research has been adapted to the tray-contacting case. Studies in bubble columns have provided information on bubble size distribution and bubble stability at high pressure; these studies coupled with isotropic flow theory have formed the basis for correlating bubble size distribution as well as the fraction of small bubbles in the sieve tray froth. New tray efficiency data taken on a semi-industrial scale have been combined with published data as well as new data released by Fractionation Research, Inc. to form a large databa...
Next-Generation Optical Network Architecture and Multidomain Issues

Optical networks continue to play an essential role in scaling network capacity at a dramatically reduced unit bandwidth cost, and the next generation of technology will continue this trend. Automation of optical networks has reduced operations costs and enabled customer control of high-bandwidth services. We anticipate application-driven control of optical networks to appear in the near future. This paper looks to emerging technologies, both at the physical layer and network control layer, with a goal of assessing their impact on next-generation optical network architectures. We look forward to orders of magnitude improvement both to the capacity and complexity of intelligent optical networks.
Exposure to the Newer Media in a Presidential Primary Campaign

Cable television news channels and online news sites appear to offer interested voters the ability to follow presidential election campaigns more closely than ever before. However, survey research looking at the extent to which Americans are taking advantage of these newer media is incomplete. Rarely is new media use adequately assessed in surveys, and no extant study has simultaneously examined exposure to contemporary news channels over the course of several weeks. The present study uses an aggregate-level analysis of naturally occurring news consumption behavior to determine whether public selection of broadcast news programs, cable news channels, and online news outlets follows the primary election schedule and fluctuations in voter interest in the election. The results suggest that people turn to cable news and online political content during key political events (i.e., the Super Tuesday primary period) but less so when the political stakes are much lower. In addition, the data reveal that news readi...
Elemental Analysis with a Plasma Emission Echelle Spectrometer Employing a Charge Injection Device (CID) Detector

An atomic emission spectrometer which allows simultaneous high-precision digital recording of the ultraviolet spectrum has been developed. The instrument employs both a custom-built echelle spectrometer and a custom-built slow-scan charge injection device (CID) based detector system. The system is capable of measuring the wide dynamic range of signal intensities associated with plasma emission sources, and sensitivity is comparable to that of photomultiplier-tube-equipped instruments. Unprecedented speed and flexibility for elemental analysis are provided by the ability to display background-subtracted emission spectra and to have the computer assist in spectral line identification. The design and performance of the optical system, methodologies for CID detector utilization in analytical spectroscopy, and techniques for wavelength calibration are presented. Examples for qualitative analysis and for the qualitative comparison of similar samples demonstrate the sensitivity, flexibility, and speed of the system.
A couple of long intervals in intraoperative cardiac pacing.

seque hem. WO TPATIENTS UNDERWENT aortic valve replacement. The first, an 87-year-old man, had a heavily calcified bicusid valve. His coronary artery bypass grafts were patent since urgery 13 years ago. Intermittent, cold, sanguineous cardioplegia as used, and systemic cooling was to 30°C. During rewarming, entricular fibrillation occurred. After electrocardioversion, there as an idioventricular escape rhythm. Asynchronous atrioventriclar pacing (DOO) was attempted via 2 pairs of right-heart epiardial wires connected to a temporary dual-chamber pacemaker Medtronic 5388, Minneapolis, MN). The regular rhythm of Figre 1 was obtained. The surgeon corrected the problem. What was he rhythm of Figure 1? The second patient, a 78-year-old woman with calcific ortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation, also underwent valve eplacement with the aids of cold cardioplegia and systemic ooling. After rewarming and removal of the aortic crosslamp, DOO pacing was attempted via 2 pairs of right-heart
Increasing Income Transfers to the Elderly Implied by Zero Population Growth

(1977). Increasing Income Transfers to the Elderly Implied by Zero Population Growth. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 37-54.
Impulsivity as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior: Assessment implications with adolescents

Objective The aims of the current study were to determine if impulsivity serves as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior and to examine whether different risk outcomes are obtained depending on the assessment strategy used to measure impulsivity. Method Three independent studies are reported, each of which examined the relationship of impulsivity and eating disorder behavior in a prospective longitudinal design with adolescent subjects recruited from both public and private schools. Individuals displaying eating disorder behavior at initial assessments were not included in the analyses, to ensure that we were testing the role of impulsivity in the onset of eating disorder behavior. Results Trait impulsivity, measured with traditional personality scales, failed to predict the onset of eating disorder behavior in all three studies. However, when behavioral constructs associated with impulsivity, such as delinquency or substance abuse, were examined, they significantly predicted the onset of eating disorder behavior in most of the analyses conducted. Discussion These results provide moderate support for the idea that impulsivity serves as a risk factor for the onset of eating disorder behavior. However, this is only true when more objective behavioral measures were utilized. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 172–182, 2004.
Parallel subtraction of Fourier power spectrum using holographic interferometry.

We propose and demonstrate parallel subtraction of the Fourier power spectrum of two images with the use of real-time holographic interferometry. The subtraction, which exhibits shift invariance, is achieved by employing a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and a photorefractive crystal. The results are presented and discussed.
Dramatically improved transmission of ultrashort solitons through 40 km of dispersion-decreasing fiber.

A 40-km length of optical fiber whose group-velocity dispersion decreases exponentially along its length has been fabricated. We experimentally compare the propagation of picosecond solitons through the dispersion-decreasing fiber with that through a constant-dispersion fiber of the same path-averaged dispersion. For a wide range of input powers, the output pulse widths of the dispersion-decreasing fiber are found to be as short as the input pulse widths, whereas the output pulse widths of the constant-dispersion fiber are significantly larger. Numerical simulations of the experiment are performed and are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The love vine's connections

Abstract S.E.M. studies of the mature cell contact between Cuscuta granovii Willd., a parasitic plant, with its stinging nettle host, Urtica dioica L. generally supports the theory of vascular tissue contact suggested by Thoday (4) and more recently by Inge Dorr (1, 2, 3). Multiple longitudinal and cross-sections along the stem of stinging nettle, at points where the vine was in close contact, were fixed in FAA, critical point dried, gold coated and viewed in an ISI-40 S.E.M. Micrographs at various stages of haustoria and contact hyphae provide insights into the origin of connections between non-sister cells and emphasize the importance of further T.E.M. studies of the xylem contacts to complement the T.E.M. sieve cell contact studies of Dorr.
Hypernetted-chain study of broken rotational symmetry states for the ν=1/3 fractional quantum Hall effect and other fractionally filled Landau levels

We investigate broken rotational symmetry (BRS) states for the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at $\frac{1}{3}$ filling of the valence Landau level (LL). Recent Monte Carlo calculations by Musaelian and Joynt [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, L105 (1996)] suggest that Laughlin's state becomes unstable to a BRS state for some critical finite thickness value. We study in detail the properties of such state by performing a hypernetted-chain calculation that gives results in the thermodynamic limit, complementing other methods which are limited to a finite number of particles. Our results indicate that while Laughlin's state is stable in the lowest LL, in higher LL's a BRS instability occurs, perhaps indicating the absence of FQHE at partial fillings of higher LL's. Possible connections to the newly discovered liquid crystalline phases in higher LL's are also discussed.
A Little Bit On The Side

This book was first commissioned as Report 5876 to the British Library Research and Development Department. It records the input of funds to public libraries from external sources during 1984/85, charting as it goes the providing agencies and the impact of the funding upon the services receiving it. I had better say at once that I was one of the librarians interviewed by Nick Moore in the course of his research for the report, and that he was kind enough to show me a draft before it achieved its present status.
Endobronchial transfection of naked TGF-β1 cDNA attenuates acute lung rejection

Abstract Background . We investigated endobronchial transfection of CAT and TGF-β1 cDNA selectively delivered to the lung graft with or without liposomes. Methods . Phase I: F344 rats received 130 μg of naked plasmid pCF1-CAT or complexed to liposome GL67 via left main bronchus instillation. Rats were awakened (pCF1-CAT, n=4; GL67:pCF1-CAT, n=4) or served as donors in an isogenic transplant (pCF1-CAT, n=5; GL67:pCF1-CAT, n=5). ELISA was performed on lungs, hearts, and livers on POD 2. Phase II: BN lungs received TGF-β1 sense (n = 6); antisense (n = 5); GL67:TGF-β1 sense (n = 10); or saline solution (n = 10). F344 recipients were sacrificed on POD 5. The arterial pO 2 and rejection were assessed. RT-PCR for murine TGF-β1 was performed. Results . Phase I: CAT expression was 519 ± 287 pg and 63 ± 68 with pCF1-CAT and 104 ± 67 and 37 ± 45 with GL67:pCF1-CAT, respectively, in the non-transplant and in the transplant setting. No protein was detected in the hearts, livers, and in the native lung of the recipients. Phase II: RT-PCR confirmed murine TGF-β1 transfection. pO 2 was 362.7 ± 110.2 (mean mmHg ± SD) for sense TGF-β1; 146.88 ± 85.5 for antisense; 241.5 ± 181.5 for GL67-TGF-β1 sense; and 88.4 ± 38.7 for saline. TGF-β1 sense versus all other groups, p p = 0.01. Rejection was significantly lower for TGF-β1 sense versus saline, p = 0.04. Conclusions . Endobronchial administration of naked plasmid achieves selective transfection of lung grafts. Using this strategy, TGF-β1 reduces early lung allograft rejection.
2012 AGU medal, award, and prize recipients

The Honors and Recognition Committee is very pleased to present the 2012 AGU medalists, awardees, and prize recipients. These individuals are recognized for their outstanding contributions to the advancement of Earth and space science and for their service to the scientific community. They have distinguished themselves through their extraordinary achievements and are role models for future generations of scientists. We look forward to recognizing the accomplishments of these esteemed colleagues at an honors ceremony to be held on 5 December 2012 at the Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. This year's honorees are also listed on AGU's Web site at http://sites.agu.org/honors.
Integrating the military: News coverage in the Washington Post, 1948

This article analyzes the news coverage in the Washington Post regarding the debate over integration surrounding President Truman's executive order of July 26, 1948, which mandated integration of the armed forces. Examination of the Post's coverage reveals how racism and African Americans were portrayed in the news during a pivotal juncture in the civil rights movement and how the pro‐integration newspaper challenged the dominant ideology. The Post's paternalistic stance denied African Americans visibility in the struggle for civil rights and reflected a transitional stage between traditional and modern racism after the Second World War.
Robot data screening, an automatic search technique

Abstract The problem of extracting useful information from a motley of data aggregates is investigated in the light of traditionally applied statistics. Robot data screening and the requirements of automatic scale procedures are then considered in detail. Using the concepts of entropy and predictability the Robot Data Screening Program endeavours to establish a procedure for applying automated data processing for obtaining useful information, particularly in problems which do not fit comfortably within traditional statistical thinking.
Affect and engagement during small group instruction

Abstract Two studies (Study 1: n = 137; Study 2: n = 192) were conducted to investigate how upper-elementary students’ affect during small group instruction related to their social-behavioral engagement during group work. A circumplex model of affect consisting of valence (positive, negative) and activation (high, low) was used to examine the relation of affect to social loafing and quality of group interactions. Across both studies, negative affect (feeling tired or tense) was associated with higher rates of social loafing. Neutral to deactivated positive affect, such as feeling happy or calm, was positively related to positive group interactions, while deactivated negative affect (tired) was negatively associated with positive group interactions. Follow-up cross-lagged analyses to examine reciprocal relations suggested that positive group interactions altered affect on subsequent group tasks, but affect was not related to changes in positive group interactions. These quantitative findings were supplemented with a qualitative analysis of six small groups from Study 2. The qualitative analyses highlighted the reciprocal and cyclical relations between affect and social-behavioral engagement in small groups.
Antiviral Regulation in Porcine Monocytic Cells at Different Activation States

Monocytic cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, exist in different activation states that are critical to the regulation of antimicrobial immunity. Many pandemic viruses are monocytotropic, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which directly infects subsets of monocytic cells and interferes with antiviral responses. To study antiviral responses in PRRSV-infected monocytic cells, we characterized inflammatory cytokine responses and genome-wide profiled signature genes to investigate response pathways in uninfected and PRRSV-infected monocytic cells at different activation states. Our findings showed suppressed interferon (IFN) production in macrophages in non-antiviral states and an arrest of lipid metabolic pathways in macrophages at antiviral states. Importantly, porcine monocytic cells at different activation states were susceptible to PRRSV and responded differently to viral infection. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, two approaches were used to potentiate antiviral activity: (i) pharmaceutical modulation of cellular lipid metabolism and (ii) in situ PRRSV replication-competent expression of interferon alpha (IFN-α). Both approaches significantly suppressed exogenous viral infection in monocytic cells. In particular, the engineered IFN-expressing PRRSV strain eliminated exogenous virus infection and sustained cell viability at 4 days postinfection in macrophages. These findings suggest an intricate interaction of viral infection with the activation status of porcine monocytic cells. An understanding and integration of antiviral infection with activation status of monocytic cells may provide a means of potentiating antiviral immunity. IMPORTANCE Activation statuses of monocytic cells, including monocytes, macrophages (Mϕs), and dendritic cells (DCs), are critically important for antiviral immunity. Unfortunately, the activation status of porcine monocytic cells or how cell activation status functionally interacts with antiviral immunity remains largely unknown. This is a significant omission because many economically important porcine viruses are monocytotropic, including our focus, PRRSV, which alone causes nearly $800 million economic loss annually in the U.S. swine industries. PRRSV is ideal for deciphering how monocytic cell activation statuses interact with antiviral immunity, because it directly infects subsets of monocytic cells and subverts overall immune responses. In this study, we systematically investigate the activation status of porcine monocytic cells to determine the intricate interaction of viral infection with activation statuses and functionally regulate antiviral immunity within the framework of the activation paradigm. Our findings may provide a means of potentiating antiviral immunity and leading to novel vaccines for PRRS prevention.
Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Erwinia amylovora on Pear and Apple Fruit Flowers.

Abstract Fire blight of pear and apple is frequently an inoculum-limited disease but weather-based forecasting models commonly assume that the pathogen is omnipresent. To improve fire blight risk assessment during flowering, we developed a rapid pathogen detection protocol that uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect DNA of epiphytic Erwinia amylovora on samples of pear and apple flowers. LAMP detected a single flower colonized epiphytically by E. amylovora in a sample of 100 flower clusters (approximately 600 flowers). Samples of 100 flower clusters from orchards (approximately one sample per hectare) were washed and subjected to LAMP, which was completed in 2 h. In three experimental orchards inoculated with E. amylovora, positive LAMP reactions were attained from nine of nine 100-flower cluster samples; pathogen populations in the floral washes averaged 5.2 × 103 CFU per flower as determined by dilution plating. Samples of pear and apple flowers obtained from 60 commercial orchards...