cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postsurgical Inflammatory Neuropathy: A Report of Four Cases (P01.132)

OBJECTIVE: To describe four cases of postsurgical inflammatory neuropathy seen at a university hospital. BACKGROUND: Clinical and pathologic descriptions of inflammatory neuropathy following surgery have been reported. DESIGN/METHODS: Case review with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Four patients (three women; ages 35 to 63 years) were diagnosed of post-surgical inflammatory neuropathy recently. Surgical procedures included lumbar spine, hip, ankle and foot surgeries. All patients developed acute or subacute onset of symptoms in one or both lower extremities within 30 days after the procedures. The symptoms were foot weakness, numbness, pain and walking difficulty. Laboratory workups including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and neuroimaging studies were unable to identify the other causes. Electrophysiological studies revealed mononeuropathy or polyneuropathy with active denervation. Nerve biopsies showed ischemic injury (decreased density of myelinated fibers in all [multifocal in 2], perineurial thickening [1] and neovascularization [1]) and perivascular inflammatory collections in all cases with one being diagnostic of microvasculitis. Three patients who responded to the treatment with 12-weekly intravenous corticosteroid, were seen within 1 year after the onset. The patient who was unresponsive to treatment was seen more than 2 years after onset. CONCLUSIONS: The study illustrates variability of clinical presentation and responses to immunotherapy of postsurgical inflammatory neuropathy. Treatment with 12 weeks of intravenous corticosteroid showed favorable outcomes and tolerability. The study illustrates the importance for physicians to consider inflammatory (not just mechanical) causes of neuropathy in the post-surgical setting as they are not uncommon and are potentially treatable, especially early in the disease. Disclosure: Dr. Rattananan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thaisetthawatkul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dyck has nothing to disclose.
The Escherichia coli Inner Membrane Protein YhiM is Necessary for Efficient Attachment of Bacteriophage T4

Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular parasites, but many of the cellular proteins involved in replication have not been identified. We have tested the role of the inner membrane protein YhiM in bacteriophage replication. YhiM is a conserved (21) membrane protein in Escherichia coli (E. coli) thought to be localized to the cytoplasmic membrane that is necessary for cell survival under conditions of cell stress, including acid shock, low osmolarity and high temperature. We show here that YhiM is necessary for replication of the bacteriophage T4. It also plays a modest role in the replication of T1, T3, and T5 but it does not play a role in the replication of ΦX174. Our data indicated that no replication of T4 occurs in cells missing YhiM. This block in infection is due to a block in attachment of the virus to the cell surface.
VALUE OF TRANSLUMINAL ATTENUATION GRADIENT FROM CORONARY CTA TO IDENTIFY VESSEL-SPECIFIC CORONARY ISCHEMIA: RESULTS FROM THE PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER, INTERNATIONAL CREDENCE TRIAL

Prior studies have reported discordant findings for the utility of transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG) to diagnosis vessel-specific ischemia. In the prospective, multicenter, international CREDENCE trial, 612 patients underwent non-emergent invasive angiography with FFR in all 40-90% stenoses.
The Environmental Impact and Formation of Meals from the Pilot Year of a Las Vegas Convention Food Rescue Program

Annually, millions of tonnes of leftover edible foods are sent to landfill. Not only does this harm the environment by increasing the release of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change, but it poses a question of ethics given that nearly 16 million households are food insecure in the US, and hundreds of millions of people around the globe. The purpose of this study was to document the amount of food diverted from landfill in the pilot year of a convention food rescue program and to determine the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions avoided by the diversion of such food. In the pilot year of the convention food rescue program 24,703 kg of food were diverted. It is estimated that 108 metric tonnes of GHG emmisions were avoided as a result, while 45,383 meals for food insecure individuals were produced. These findings have significant implications for public and environmental health, as GHG emissions have a destructive effect on the earth's atmosphere and rescued food can be redistributed to food insecure individuals.
Heidegger: A Critical Introduction, by Peter Trawny, trans. Rodrigo Therezo: Polity, Cambridge (UK) and Medford (MA), 2019, viii + 188 Pages

Peter Trawny’s Heidegger: A Critical Introduction examines the various phases of the philosopher’s thought, with special attention to questions of politics and antisemitism. This review sums up the book and discusses the relevance of Heidegger today for analytic philosophy, Jewish thought, and political philosophy.
Race and Academic Motivation

This article reviews contemporary research on achievement motivation in racial/ethnic minority youth. The review is organized around two main constructs in motivation research: expectancy for success, or beliefs about ability (Can I do it?) and how much that success is valued or desired (Do I want it?). The topics covered under expectancy for success are racial stereotypes about intelligence, students' implicit theories about intelligence, and coping with discrimination. The topics covered under achievement values are oppositional identity, the valued characteristics of peers, self-affirmation, and the immigrant paradox. Implications for interventions to improve motivation in ethnic minority youth are discussed.
At what geographic scales does agricultural alienation amplify foodborne disease outbreaks? A statistical test for 25 U.S. states, 1970-2000

Abstract The modern economy is driving multiple environmental and social crises across the globe. Capital accumulation externalizes the myriad damage associated with commodity production to ecosystems, labor, public health, and governments across jurisdictions. A growing literature shows multinational agriculture, a major sector of the economy, plays a fundamental role in disrupting the ecological cycles upon which communities across the globe depend. We report here one of the first statistical tests of such an ecosocial rift. We used geometric morphometrics to characterize a parameter space in agricultural alienation across nature, human welfare, and industrial appropriation for 25 U.S. states, at five-year increments between 1970 and 2000. The first two relative warps of the analysis reproduce the long-documented shift in and out of the 1980s farming crisis. We found the crisis left the U.S. food system in a new configuration, with commodity crops replacing cropland pasture, greater farm debt load, overcapitalized inputs, and a relative decline in on-farm wages. To determine if such a shift had an epidemiological impact, we tested whether salmonellosis and shigellosis—two foodborne pathogens for which national incidence data across the study period were available—regressed against historical changes in this alienation space across geographic scale. The second relative warp for shigellosis showed a multivariate relationship with the alienation space, but significance failed to withstand a Bonferroni correction. The partial warps and Procrustes residuals of temporal trends in the alienation space likewise exhibited limited predictive capacity for outbreak size. In part these results may reflect sampling artifacts. Data availability limits both the number of years sampled and the variety of diseases tested. Nevertheless, our analyses demonstrate that metabolic rifts associated with specific modes of production can be rigorously investigated.
Impact of the pre-illness lipid profile on sepsis mortality.

Abstract Purpose To determine if baseline lipid levels contribute to the relationship between lipid levels during sepsis and outcomes. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-care academic medical center. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders. Both Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score-based definitions of sepsis were analyzed. Measurements and main results After adjusting for patient characteristics and severity of illness, baseline values for both low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with mortality (LDL cholesterol odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.84, p = .013; triglyceride OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.78, p = .001) using a SIRS based definition of sepsis. An interaction existed between these two variables, which resulted in increased mortality with higher baseline low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol values for individuals with triglycerides below 208 mg/dL and the opposite direction of association above this level (interaction OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.02–2.16, p = .039). When using a SOFA score-based definition, only triglycerides remained associated with the mortality (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.86, p = .008). Conclusions Baseline lipid values, particularly triglyceride concentrations, are associated with hospital mortality in septic patients.
Esophageal Varices: Primary Prophylaxis and Prevention and Management of Rebleeding

Portal hypertension is an important manifestation of chronic liver diseases, and the complications of portal hypertension, especially gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Important advances made in the past several decades in risk stratification and management of patients with portal hypertension and varices have significantly improved patient outcomes. This review addresses the pathophysiology, natural history, differential diagnoses, and diagnostic criteria of portal hypertension. We will also discuss the primary prevention, acute management, and secondary prevention of esophageal and gastric varices. Despite many improvements, there remain significant challenges in the prevention and treatment of portal hypertension, and further research, both in basic and clinical studies are needed to fill current gaps in knowledge.
Limiting Oxygen Therapy in the Neonatal ICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Background: Oxygen therapy in the premature neonatal population is associated with negative outcomes and neonatal intensive care units (NICU) use continuous pulse oximetry to limit its use in these vulnerable subjects. The NICU at a large university hospital has a 4-pronged Target Oxygen Protocol 1) Set correct SpO2 alarm limits 2) Use Nellcor OxiMax N-600x pulse oximeter (Covidien, Mansfield, Massachusetts) to display histogram of percent time in each SpO2 quintile per 24h period 3) Display correct postmenstrual age oxygen target saturation card 4) Set oxygen blender FIO2
Eleven Observations About Legal Writing

Professor Abrams authors a column, Writing it Right in the Journal of the Missouri Bar. In a variety of contexts, the column stresses the fundamentals of quality legal writing - conciseness, precision, simplicity, and clarity.
Modulation of arabinosylcytosine metabolism during leukemia therapy.

Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of a drug is essential to the optimal design of the dose and schedule of chemotherapy protocols. As an extension, an understanding of the mechanism of drug action is necessary to construct the optimal strategy for combination chemotherapy. A nucleoside antimetabolite such as arabinosylcytosine (ara-C) is a pro-drug that must enter cells and be phosphorylated to the ara-C triphosphate (ara-CTP) before it can elicit biologic activity. Thus, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the triphosphate in target cells and an understanding of the mechanisms by which this active form of the drug act are indispensable to the rational design of treatment protocols.
Charge sensing of excited states in an isolated double quantum dot

Pulsed electrostatic gating combined with capacitive charge sensing is used to perform excited-state spectroscopy of an electrically isolated double-quantum-dot system. The tunneling rate of a single charge moving between the two dots is affected by the alignment of quantized energy levels; measured tunneling probabilities thereby reveal spectral features. Two pulse sequences are investigated, one of which, termed latched detection, allows measurement of a single tunneling event without repetition. Both provide excited-state spectroscopy without electrical contact to the double-dot system.
Acoustic detection of microbubble formation in enhanced optical breakdown of silver/dendrimer nanocomposites

We utilize a real-time acoustic technique, based on pulse-echo measurements to detect formation of microbubbles in an aqueous solution of a silver/dendrimer nanocomposite ~DNC!. Wave-field plots of successive recordings illustrate the generation and behavior of bubbles created by the optical breakdown process. A significant threshold reduction is achieved with DNC particles compared to its host dendrimer, enabling a diverse field of low-threshold breakdown applications. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1544657#
Hypoglycemia Pathogenesis in Children With Dumping Syndrome

Three children with severe hypoglycemic reactions secondary to dumping syndrome were studied to discern the mechanism by which hypoglycemia occurred. Symptoms in patient 1 developed after fundoplication, generalized autonomic dysfunction occurred in patient 2, and dumping syndrome developed in patient 3 after malplacement of a feeding gastrostomy tube. Average blood glucose levels studied during and after two to seven meals in each child were 375 ± 97 mg/dL (mean ± SD) 30 minutes postprandially and 35 ± 10 mg/dL >120 minutes later. Swings in glucose values were proportional to the volume of meals. Insulin and glucagon levels were followed during a single meal challenge test in each patient; the average glucose concentration increased to 356 ± 59 mg/dL 30 minutes postprandially and decreased to 32 ± 11 mg/dL at 150 ± 30 minutes. Hormonal analyses indicated (1) inappropriate early release of glucagon (300 pg/mL at 15 minutes) in patient 1, (2) exuberant early release of insulin (maximum 190 ± 15 µU/mL) resulting in rapid decrease in glucose concentration in all patients, (3) development and/or persistence of hypoglycemia after the decline in circulating insulin to undetectable levels, and (4) inadequate glucagon response to hypoglycemia resulting in sustained hypoglycemia. These data indicate that gross disturbances of the insulin-glucagon axis attend childhood dumping syndrome.
An analysis of secure processor architectures

Security continues to be an increasingly important concern in the design of modern systems. Many systems may have security requirements such as protecting the integrity and confidentiality of data and code stored in the system, ensuring integrity of computations, or preventing the execution of unauthorized code. Making security guarantees has become even harder with the emergence of hardware attacks where the attacker has physical access to the system and can bypass any software security mechanisms employed. To this end, researchers have proposed Secure Processor architectures that provide protection against hardware attacks using platform features. In this paper, we analyze three of the currently proposed secure uniprocessor designs in terms of their security, complexity of hardware required and performance overheads: eXecute Only Memory (XOM), Counter mode encryption and Merkle tree based authentication, and Address Independent Seed Encryption and Bonsai Merkle Tree based authentication. We then provide a discussion on the issues in securing multiprocessor systems and survey one design each for Shared Memory Multiprocessors and Distributed Shared Memory Multiprocessors. Finally, we discuss future directions in Secure Processor research which have largely been ignored forming the weakest link in the security afforded by the proposed schemes, namely, Secure booting and Secure configuration. We identify potential issues which can serve to form the foundation of further research in secure processors.
Organic mass distribution in bone matrix undergoing osteoclastic resorption. Preliminary observations.

Abstract The technique of high-resolution ultrasoft microradiography has been applied to the study of the distribution of organic mass at sites of bone resorption. Preliminary observations on Versene-demineralized bone have revealed the presence of a band or rind of increased radio-density in the bone matrix at the point of junction between osteoclast and resorption front. This rind is approximately 1–1.5 μ in width, and in most preparations appears to have a striated structure. A consideration of the technical methods employed leads to the conclusion that this structure does not coincide with the classically described striated border of Kolliker . It is found only in association with osteoclasts which appear to be functionally active. Tentatively, it is suggested that this rind represents the site of accumulation of proteinaceous material, possibly reflecting the local concentration of those enzyme systems responsible for the dissolution of bone.
Joule Heating in the Sun’s Lower Transition Region

We propose that most of the plasma in the Sun’s lower transition region (3 × 104 K < T < 3 × 105 K) is contained in sheared magnetic boundary layers separating adjacent magnetic flux loops, and that this plasma is heated by the Joule dissipation of intense, field-aligned electric currents.
The organizational audit and analysis technology for organizational design

This paper is the second part of a three part series. The organizational audit and analysis technology for organizational design is described in this paper. This technology for the organizational design process has eleven steps. These stages are linked to the thirteen desiderata for organizational design intro­ duced in the first paper of this series. The description of this technology provides an overview of the processes involved in an organizational design.
Switching antidepressants for treatment-resistant major depression.

A substantial proportion of patients suffering from major depression experience insufficient clinical response, despite appropriate treatment. Switching to a different monotherapy antidepressant medication is the preferred option for many patients and clinicians. The possible advantages of switching to a different monotherapy, as compared with adding a second agent (i.e., augmenting or combining), include reduced medication costs, fewer drug interactions, better adherence, and less patient burden over time. Response rates for switching, are based largely on open trials, which reveal a response rate of approximately 50%. These response rates are comparable to the response rates reported with augmentation or combination, again established largely by noncomparative open trials. This review article summarizes clinical considerations and available evidence regarding switching antidepressants in the treatment of major depression. Practical issues, such as when to consider switching and how to switch from one medication to another, are addressed.
Fat preference and adherence to a reduced-fat diet

The nature and mechanisms of altered food acceptability during adherence to a reduced-fat diet have not been characterized. These issues were assessed in healthy adults assigned to a reduced-fat diet excluding discretionary fat sources (n = 9), a similar diet permitting fat-modified products (n = 9) or no dietary modification (n = 9). Sensory responses to foods, body composition, and dietary intake were determined at baseline, monthly during 12 wk of diet adherence, and 12 followup wk. Marked and comparable reductions of fat intake were achieved in the experimental groups. Hedonic (ie, pleasantness) ratings for high-fat foods and preferred fat content of selected foods declined, but only in the group deprived of sensory exposure to fats. Thus, the frequency of sensory exposure to fats exerts a stronger influence on hedonic ratings of foods containing fat than total fat intake. The hedonic shift may promote long-term compliance with a reduced-fat diet.
The Predictive Safety Testing Consortium: safety bio-markers, collaboration, and qualification

The Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC) is one of nine consortia comprising the Critical Path Institute (C-Path), a nonprofit organization launched in 2005 and dedicated to playing the role of a catalyst in the development of new approaches that advance medical innovation and regulatory science. C-Path achieves this by leading teams that share data, knowledge and expertise resulting in sound, consensus based science. PSTC is a unique, public-private partnership that brings pharmaceutical companies together to share and validate safety testing methods under the advisement of worldwide regulatory agencies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). The eighteen corporate members of PSTC share a common goal: to find improved safety testing methods and approaches utilizing fluid based safety biomarkers which accurately predict drug induced tissue injury. Specifically, the primary goal of PSTC is the qualification of novel translational safety biomarkers for use in early clinical trials in order to enable the safer investigation and development of new drug candidates. This manuscript describes the critical importance of improved safety biomarkers to the drug development process and the present state of the biomarker qualification process with regulatory agencies. In addition, the work that the PSTC and its collaborative partners have done and continue to do to identify and qualify more selective and specific safety biomarkers is highlighted. Finally, successes including the recently adopted regulatory Letter of Support and ongoing efforts to better define the regulatory qualification process and an integrated translational safety strategy are discussed.
Dolichol phosphate mannose synthase is required in vivo for glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, O mannosylation, and N glycosylation of protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring, N glycosylation, and O mannosylation of protein occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and involve transfer of precursor structures that contain mannose. Direct genetic evidence is presented that dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) synthase, which transfers mannose from GDPMan to the polyisoprenoid dolichol phosphate, is required in vivo for all three biosynthetic pathways leading to these covalent modifications of protein in yeast cells. Temperature-sensitive yeast mutants were isolated after in vitro mutagenesis of the yeast DPM1 gene. At the nonpermissive temperature of 37 degrees C, the dpm1 mutants were blocked in [2-3H]myo-inositol incorporation into protein and accumulated a lipid that could be radiolabeled with both [2-3H]myo-inositol and [2-3H]glucosamine and met existing criteria for an intermediate in GPI anchor biosynthesis. The likeliest explanation for these results is that Dol-P-Man donates the mannose residues needed for completion of the GPI anchor precursor lipid before it can be transferred to protein. Dol-P-Man synthase is also required in vivo for N glycosylation of protein, because (i) dpm1 cells were unable to make the full-length precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc2Man9Glc3 and instead accumulated the intermediate Dol-PP-GlcNAc2Man5 in their pool of lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharides and (ii) truncated, endoglycosidase H-resistant oligosaccharides were transferred to the N-glycosylated protein invertase after a shift to 37 degrees C. Dol-P-Man synthase is also required in vivo for O mannosylation of protein, because chitinase, normally a 150-kDa O-mannosylated protein, showed a molecular size of 60 kDa, the size predicted for the unglycosylated protein, after shift of the dpm1 mutant to the nonpermissive temperature.
The Secret Agent, International Policing, and Anarchist Terrorism: 1900–1914

An unprecedented expansion of global anti-terrorist policing took place after 1900, although the security forces projected outside their borders by Russia, Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Spain, and Argentina displayed an enormous diversity in size and effectiveness. Crucial to successful policing was how these countries improved their intelligence through recruiting and handling informers, maintained secrecy and good relations with local police, and handled the media. The British approach to anarchist control was arguably the most successful. Italian international policing was the most far-reaching, while the United States long remained the world's most under-policed large country. On examination, the view that anti-anarchist policing was a case of conservative imperial regimes versus the Western democracies loses validity. During this period, a general trend saw the transfer of anarchist surveillance from the hands of diplomats into those of interior ministry officials and the police, all in the name o...
Seeking a foundation for context-aware computing

Context-aware computing is generally associated with elements of the ubiquitous computing program, and the opportunity to distribute computation and interaction through the environment rather than concentrating it at the desktop computer. However, issues of context have also been important in other areas of human-computer interaction research. I argue that the scope of context-based computing should be extended to include not only ubiquitous computing, but also recent trends in tangible interfaces as well as work on sociological investigations of the organization of interactive behavior. By taking a view of context-aware computing that integrates these different perspectives, we can begin to understand the foundational relations that tie them all together, and that provide a framework for understanding the basic principles behind these various forms of embodied interaction. In particular, I point to phenomenology as a basis for the development of a new framework for design and evaluation of context-aware technologies.
The Structure of the Market in Undeveloped Economies

Need for an analysis of market structure in backward countries, 519. — Sources utilized, 520. — Types of markets: personal services, 521; perishable produce, 523; agricultural staples, 525; manufactured consumers' goods, 530; capital goods, 534. — Interrelationship between these types, 537. — Analytical tools: market control, 538; market imperfections, 538; interrelations, 538. — Influence of market structure on economic development, 539. — Influence of industrialization on net monopoly element, 539.
Female rats selectively bred for high intrinsic aerobic fitness are protected from ovariectomy-associated metabolic dysfunction

Ovariectomized rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight, reduce spontaneous physical activity (SPA), and develop metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance. How contrasting aerobic fitness levels impacts ovariectomy (OVX)-associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats selectively bred for high and low intrinsic aerobic fitness [high-capacity runners (HCR) and low-capacity runners (LCR), respectively] were maintained under sedentary conditions for 39 wk. Midway through the observation period, OVX or sham (SHM) operations were performed providing HCR-SHM, HCR-OVX, LCR-SHM, and LCR-OVX groups. Glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and SPA were measured before and 4 wk after surgery, while body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue distribution, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle phenotype, hepatic lipid content, insulin resistance via homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance and AdipoIR, and blood lipids were assessed at death. Remarkably, HCR were protected from OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance, observed only in LCR. HCR rats were ∼30% smaller, had ∼70% greater spontaneous physical activity (SPA), consumed ∼10% more relative energy, had greater skeletal muscle proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1-alpha, and ∼40% more BAT. OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced SPA to the same extent in both HCR and LCR. LCR were particularly affected by an OVX-associated reduction in resting energy expenditure and experienced a reduction in relative BAT; resting energy expenditure correlated positively with BAT across all animals (r = 0.6; P < 0.001). In conclusion, despite reduced SPA following OVX, high intrinsic aerobic fitness protects against OVX-associated increases in adiposity and insulin resistance. The mechanism may involve preservation of resting energy expenditure.
The role of gene cassettes in axis formation during Drosophila oogenesis

Establishment of the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the fly originates during oogenesis and relies on signaling between the oocyte and the surrounding somatic follicle cells. Some genes originally identified as playing a role in signaling during embryonic development also mediate cell-cell communication during oogenesis. These genes have previously been grouped on the basis of their functions during embryogenesis, and this classification is largely maintained in oogenesis. The EGF receptor, the transmembrane protein rhomboid and proteins in the ras signal transduction pathway are required to initiate dorsoventral polarity, whereas the products of the neurogenic genes Notch and Delta are necessary for formation of the anteroposterior axis in the oocyte.
Grappling with “That Awkward Sex Stuff”: Encountering themes of sexual violence in the formal curriculum

Abstract This qualitative study examines the discourses that 25 preservice secondary social studies teachers create surrounding whether to include themes of sexual violence in the formal curriculum. As part of their first methods course, the participants read Harriet Jacobs's 1861 memoir Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and planned a unit using it as the central text. Using discourse analysis and feminist poststructural theory, the author finds that no singular discourse prevails but that the participants struggled with whether to include or exclude historical accounts of sexual violence in the formal curriculum. Implications for researchers, teacher educators, and teachers are discussed.
Carcinosarcoma of the larynx. Case report with metastases of epidermoid and sarcomatous elements

Carcinosarcoma is a rare, controversial lesion reported in many organs including the larynx. This report describes an example of such a mixed tumor with metastases by both the sarcoma and the carcinoma from a laryngeal primary. Death resulted from progressive airway obstruction by recurrent polypoid sarcoma in the tracheal remnant 8 months after radiation and laryngectomy. Examination of the sarcomatous metastases with the electron microscope revealed large numbers of collagen fibers dispersed in a variety of directions immediately external to the plasma membrane of the tumor cells. An occasional malignant cell or group of cells was also surrounded by basal laminar material. One plasma membrane specialization similar to a junctional complex was present.
Another look at the index cycle

Relationships between the zonal index, as defined by Rossby, the hemispheric circulation pattern, the amplitude of the zonally asymmetric or “eddy” component of the hemispheric circulation, and the amplitude of the stationary wave pattern during northern hemisphere winter are investigated using 27 years of gridded 5-day mean 500 mb height data from the US National Meteorological Center. In agreement with preliminary results reported in Rossby, the major stationary wave features appear to be displaced to the east of their climatological mean positions during periods of strong zonal flow, and vice versa . The zonal index shows only a weak negative temporal correlation with an index designed to monitor the hemispherically averaged variance of the eddy component of the 500 mb height field. Eddy amplitude is much more strongly correlated with the amplitude of the climatological mean stationary wave pattern. Hence, the notion of an “index cycle”, interpreted in terms of amplitude vacillation, does not appear to have much relevance to the northern hemisphere winter-time circulation. The situation may be different in the southern hemisphere, where the stationary waves are much weaker. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1985.tb00445.x
Above-ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above- and below-ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed

Summary Initial herbivory and induced plant responses can influence subsequent above- and below-ground herbivore attack. When two life stages of the same herbivore damage different plant parts sequentially, there is strong potential for plants to respond with induced plant defence against the later attacker. Alternatively, the earlier attacker could manipulate the host plant to facilitate the later-feeding life stage. We studied herbivory by foliage-feeding adults and root-feeding larvae of the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) on native common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in laboratory and field experiments. We applied factorial above- and below-ground herbivory treatments to test for induced responses, effects on later-feeding conspecific larvae, and damage by naturally colonizing herbivores, including adult T. tetraophthalmus. We found that the inducibility of toxic cardenolides was systemic across the root–shoot barrier, with the highest concentrations in plants damaged both above- and below-ground. Initial above-ground herbivory increased root damage and larval survival, suggesting an increase in root quality following leaf herbivory. Initial below-ground herbivory did not affect the performance of later-feeding larvae, indicating limited importance of induced root cardenolides and competition between clutches of T. tetraophthalmus. In a natural milkweed population, initial above-ground herbivory attracted conspecific adults and milkweed leaf beetles (Labidomera clivicollis) and ultimately reduced fruit production by 33%. Nonetheless, the probability of damage by monarch caterpillars (Danaus plexippus) was reduced on plants initially damaged by T. tetraophthalmus above-ground, likely due to reduced oviposition following induced plant responses. Synthesis. Induced plant responses of common milkweed to above-ground damage by adult T. tetraophthalmus both facilitate further damage by adults and enhance the performance of their root-feeding larvae, most likely as a result of host plant manipulation. Although the same induction reduced monarch herbivory, the net effect of these interactions was negative for the plant as fruit production was substantially reduced. These results imply that host plant manipulation may be especially common by specialist herbivores that have sequential above- and below-ground life stages.
Molecular cloning and structural analysis of canine gastric H+, K+-ATPase

Abstract Gastric hydrogen-potassium ATPase (H + , K + -ATPase) is a heterodimeric protein which participates in the formation of hydrochloric acid. We cloned canine H + , K + -ATPase α and β subunit cDNAs from canine gastric cDNA libraries and the α subunit gene from a canine genomic library. The α subunit gene is 13 kb in length and contains 21 introns ranging from 77 to 1,076 bp. Its 5′-flanking region contains putative regulatory motifs for transcription that are similar to those found in H + , K + -ATPase genes from other species. The open reading frames of α and β subunit cDNAs are 3,500 and 870 bp in length and encode proteins of 1,034 and 290 amino acids, respectively. They are 80 - 90% homologous to corresponding cDNAs previously identified in porcine and rodent gastric tissues.
IR spectral evidence of aldol condensation : Acetaldehyde adsorption over TiO2 surface

Abstract The adsorption of acetaldehyde on particulate TiO 2 surfaces has been studied at 233 K by FT-IR spectroscopy using a specially designed IR cell. It has been found that acetaldehyde initially adsorbs onto the surface through hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid sites. As the temperature is raised to 251 K, the spectroscopic evidence of formation of 3-hydroxybutanal surface intermediate is observed during aldol condensation reaction. The presence of this transient species has been characterized by the infrared features at 3185 cm −1 — ν (OH), 1334 cm −1 — δ (CH), 1273 cm −1 — δ (COH), and 1105 cm −1 — ν (C C) and δ (COH). The assignments of all surface species are confirmed by adsorbing pure 3-hydroxybutanal and 2-butenal on TiO 2 surface. A reaction mechanism consistent with the detectable surface intermediates is proposed.
Headache in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome and hyperostosis frontalis interna.

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) has been reported in older women, but reports in men are rare. We present a novel case of migraine headache in a gentleman with Klinefelter’s syndrome and HFI, along with a discussion of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying both the headache and the HFI.
Defective Hepatic Copper Storage in the Brindled Mouse

The mouse mutant brindled is a model for the human Menkes Kinky Hair syndrome, an X-linked inborn error of copper metabolism (Hunt 1974). The primary metabolic defect in the brindled mouse has not been defined, but the data available are suggestive of a generalized defect of copper metabolism, which is demonstrable in the liver of mutant animals during fetal life (Darwish et al. 1983, Prohaska 1983). Hepatic copper uptake and efflux, cytosol copper binding, and metallothionein metabolism are apparently normal in mutant animals, while intracellular copper retention is impaired. A comparison of copper binding in the subcellular fractions of normal and brindled mice suggests that copper binding in the particulate fractions may be functionally deficient in the mutant mice (Evans and Wiederanders, 1967).
Behavioral effects of the R-(+)- and S-(−)-enantiomers of the dopamine D1-like partial receptor agonist SKF 83959 in monkeys

Dopamine D(1)-like partial receptor agonists such as SKF 83959 have been proposed as potential candidates for the treatment of cocaine addiction. The present studies were conducted to further characterize SKF 83959 by pharmacologically evaluating effects of its R-(+)- and S-(-)-enantiomers, MCL 202 and MCL 201, respectively, on overt behavior (eye blinking) and schedule-controlled performance in squirrel monkeys. MCL 202, like the D(1) full receptor agonist SKF 82958, produced dose-related increases in eye blinking and decreases in rates of fixed-ratio responding. However, the magnitude of effects of MCL 202 on eye blinking was less than observed with SKF 82958. In contrast to the effects of its R-(+) enantiomer, MCL 201 was relatively devoid of behavioral activity up to doses that were approximately 10-fold greater than MCL 202. Pretreatment with the selective D(1)-like receptor antagonist SCH 39166 dose-dependently antagonized increases in eye blinking produced by MCL 202, confirming the involvement of D(1) mechanisms in its effects. A dose-ratio analysis of the antagonism of effects of MCL 202 by SCH 39166 revealed an apparent pA(2) value of 7.675 with a slope of -0.78+/-0.04. In further studies, pretreatment with MCL 202 antagonized the effects of SKF 82958 on eye blinking and, like SCH 39166, schedule-controlled behavior in a dose-related manner. A dose-ratio analysis of the antagonist effects of MCL 202 on the SKF 82958-induced increases in eye blinking revealed ratios of 2.7, 4.8 and 31.1 for 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg dose of the antagonist, respectively, indicative of a significant change in the potency of SKF 82958. These results suggest that MCL 202, like its parent compound SKF 83959, has both D(1) receptor-mediated agonist and antagonist properties, consistent with its characterization as a partial agonist at the D(1)-like receptor. In addition, the inactivity of MCL 201, the S-(-)-enantiomer, suggests that the behavioral effects of SKF 83959 can be attributed primarily to the activity of its R-(+)-enantiomer.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of a software-based real-time Ethernet protocol

Distributed multimedia applications require performance guarantees from the underlying network subsystem. Ethernet has been the dominant local area network architecture in the last decade, and we believe that it will remain popular because of its cost-effectiveness and the availability of higher-bandwidth Ethernets. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a software-based timed-token protocol called RETHER that provides real-time performance guarantees to multimedia applications without requiring any modifications to existing Ethernet hardware. RETHER features a hybrid mode of operation to reduce the performance impact on non-real-time network traffic, a race-condition-free distributed admission control mechanism, and an efficient token-passing scheme that protects the network against token loss due to node failures or otherwise. To our knowledge, this is the first software implementation of a real-time protocol over existing Ethernet hardware. Performance measurements from experiments on a 10 Mbps Ethernet indicate that up to 60% of the raw bandwidth can be reserved without deteriorating the performance of non-real-time traffic. Additional simulations for high bandwidth networks and faster workstation hardware indicate that the protocol allows reservation of a greater percentage of the available bandwidth.
Power loss in photovoltaic arrays due to mismatch in cell characteristics

Abstract Variations in the current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic cells can lead to significant power loss “due to mismatch” when the cells are connected together in a network. This study explores how this mismatch loss depends on variations in max-power current and max-power voltage from cell to cell. An analysis of a series string is first performed. Losses in a parallel string are also determined. Estimates of mismatch losses in more complex arrays are then obtained. In addition to generally excellent comparison with several numerical studies, results show that, for a series string, there exists a critical magnitude of deviation in cell max-power current beyond which the power loss due to mismatch is sensitive to both the number of cells placed in series and the shape of the probability density function defining variations in max-power current. This critical level also depends on the cell fill-factor.
Drug treatment in delusional depression

In a retrospective study, the drug response of delusional patients with primary depression who were treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), neuroleptics, or combined TCA plus neuroleptic therapy was examined. Significantly more patients responded to the combined drug regimen, as has been found in other recent studies. Clinical response was not related to severity of symptoms, drug dosage, or demographic characteristics. The clinical superiority of neuroleptics plus TCA in the treatment of delusionally depressed patients suggests the possible role of dopamine in the psychosis associated with depression and implicates norepinephrine and serotonin in the disordered locomotor activity and mood of primary depressive illness.
Studies on the Nutritional Requirements of Penaeid Shrimps1

Data from two protein-energy requirement experiments demonstrated that the addition of a lipid supplement or glucose to penaeid shrimp diets suppressed growth, whereas the addition of starch enhanced growth. The optimal dietary level of protein appeared to be around 30%. Data from an isotope incorporation study revealed that 14C from labeled dietary proteins, protein hydrolysates, tripalmitin, palmitic acid, starch and glucose were digested, absorbed and incorporated into shrimp muscle tissue. Incorporation from labeled proteins was at a three times faster rate than from protein hydrolysates, and 14C from palmitic acid was incorporated at twice the rate as from tripalmitin.
272 THE DISSOCIATION BETWEEN THE DNA MODIFYING AND BILIRUBIN DEGRADING ACTIVITY OF PHOTOTHERAPY

Previous studies in our laboratory, demonstrating the intracellular DNA modifying potential of phototherapy, have generated some concern since many chemical carcinogens, mutagens and/or teratogens derive their activity from a similar ability to modify intracellular DNA. More recent studies have suggested that the wavelength(s) with maximum genetic activity is around 450 nm. Since the absorption maximum for bilirubin, and presumably the wavelength for maximum photodecomposition is near 435 nm, it is conceivable that these two photochemical activities can be dissociated. The present study deals with the use of “sharp cut” glass filters in conjunction with phototherapy lights. It was shown that utilization of selected interference filters could dramatically decrease light-induced DNA modification in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell lines while causing only a slight (1.5 fold) diminution in the rate of bilirubin decomposition. Since the optimal rate of bilirubin photodecomposition for the treatment of neonatal jaundice is not known, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of dissociating the beneficial therapeutic effects of phototherapy from the potentially detrimental mutagenic, carcinogenic and/or teratogenic effects.
First order valence transition in Eu(Pd0.9Au0.1)2Si2: An X-ray diffraction study

Abstract Temperature dependent x-ray diffraction measurements of Eu(Pd 0.9 Au 0.1 ) 2 Si 2 show two (200) Bragg diffraction peaks in the vicinity of the valence transition temperature determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements. As the temperature is lowered through the transition temperature, there is intensity transfer from one peak to the other, over a 50 K temperature range, indicating a discontinuous change in the lattice parameter a . This is a clear indication that spatially distinct macroscopic regions of the sample undergo a first order transition in contradiction with the recent interpretation of Mossbauer Effect measurements as being due to local environment effects. [1] The smearing of the transition temperature is interpreted as being due to sample inhomogeneities.
William Pope.L: The Friendliest Black Artist in America

The artist William Pope.L, who teaches at Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, has been producing some of the most original visual and performing art in America for many years. But it was not until the Acting Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts overturned the recommendations of the NEA's own advisory panel to support this publication and the exhibition it accompanies that Pope.L became the subject of feature articles in the nation's major newspapers. Pope.L became a cause celebre as a result of the scandal, but he deserved to be known long before that. His work is humane, accessible, profound, and humorous; it is also deeply challenging and self-aware. It is neither an accident nor a joke that his business card reads "Friendliest Black Artist in America."Many of Pope.L's pieces take place on the street. He has eaten and regurgitated copies of The Wall Street Journal, tied himself to a bank door and handed out money (a sort of reverse panhandler), crawled up the Bowery wearing a business suit, and walked down 125th Street in Harlem wearing a 12-foot white cardboard phallus. Although he frequently deals with racial issues, his work confounds preconceptions of what "black art" should be.This book, which accompanies a nationally touring exhibition of Pope.L's work, explores his impact on American art and culture. It contains sections on practices, body, performance, dialogue, consumption, and a selection of the artist's writings and a chronology. The essays are by Mark H. C. Bessire, Suzanne Preston Blier, C. Carr, Geoffrey Hendricks, Stuart Horodner, Lowery Stokes Sims, Kristine Stiles, and Martha Wilson.