cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polarization characteristics of dye-laser amplifiers I. Unidirectional molecular distributions

Many practical laser amplifiers exhibit anisotropic gain due to polarization of the pumping fields or to a fixed preferential alignment of the active dipoles. Several specific causes and consequences of gain anisotropy are discussed in detail. In the analysis, the emphasis is placed on dye‐laser systems including arbitrary amplitudes, phases, and polarizations of the pump and signal fields. Analytical results are presented for a unidrectional molecular distribution, and it is found that the polarization states of the pump and signal fields change with distance in the amplifier.
Modulation of channel function by polyamines

Abstract Polyamines are found in every cell of the body and the intricate enzymatic reactions responsible for their metabolism and transport in mammalian cells are now well understood. Despite intense efforts, elucidation of the role of polyamines has suffered in that little information of physiological relevance has surfaced. Recently, recombinant receptor techniques and increased availability of polyamine analogues have revealed, as discussed here by David Johnson , modulation of NMDA receptors by polyamines by reversal of tonic proton inhibition, and a function for these compounds as ‘intrinsic rectifier factors' for K+ channels.
Effort Headache in Runners

SYNOPSIS Effort Headache may be produced by many sports activities and three cases are presented which occurred in runners. The clinical characteristics are similar to vascular headaches aggrevated by altitude, heat, high humidity and sexual intercourse. Although exertional headache should cause vigilance in evaluation, a benign type is usually seen in runners.
Simple pulsed HF laser for optical experiments.

A comparison study has been made of pulsed HF/DF laser systems subject to constraints on the optical quality of the output beam. An unstable resonator configuration was compared with an oscillator-amplifier configuration, and variations in pulse discharge circuitry were investigated. (AIP)
Amiloride-sensitive channels in marginal cells in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig cochlea

We examined marginal cells in stria vascularis for the presence of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels, a possible pathway for maintaining a low Na+ concentration in the endolymph. Whole-cell voltage-clamp experiment shows that amiloride at 1 microM concentration reversibly reduces inward current more than outward current. Immunogold-labeling method shows that the luminal and lateral membrane have antigenic sites for these antibodies. These observations indicate the presence of amiloride-sensitive channels in the marginal cell. If amiloride-sensitive channels in the luminal membrane are highly selective to Na+, they could be an efficient pathway for Na+ uptake from the endolymph. In the basolateral membrane, amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels may make a relatively small contribution to the unusual resting potential.
The effect of H2S on the performance of Pd and Pd/Au composite membrane

Abstract The performance of the Pd and the Pd/Au alloy (8 wt% Au) composite membrane prepared by the electroless and galvanic displacement deposition in a 54.8 ppm H 2 S/H 2 mixture was investigated. Upon testing, the Pd membrane showed the permeance decline in two stages resulted from the surface site blocking and bulk sulfidation. The Pd membrane also failed to separate H 2 from other gases after the H 2 S exposure due to the deterioration of the structure caused by the possible formation of bulk Pd 4 S. On the other hand, the Pd/Au alloy membrane exhibited resistance to bulk sulfidation and the permeance decline during the H 2 S exposure was mainly caused by the surface site blocking by the dissociative adsorption of H 2 S, which was essentially reversible as evidenced by the near full restoration of the H 2 permeance in pure H 2 at 500 °C. No significant change in He leak after the H 2 S tests substantiated that there was no significant structural changes of the Pd/Au alloy membrane due to the bulk sulfide formation. Higher temperatures resulted in less permeance loss during poisoning and more permeance restoration during recovery, which was due to the exothermic nature of the dissociative adsorption of H 2 S on metals.
CRITICAL THERMAL INCREMENTS FOR RHYTHMIC RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS OF INSECTS.

The rhythm of abdominal respiratory movements in various insects, aquatic and terrestrial, is shown to possess critical increments 11,500± or 16,500± calories (Libellula, Dixippus, Anax). These are characteristic of processes involved in respiration, and definitely differ from the increment 12,200 calories which is found in a number of instances of (non-respiratory) rhythmic neuromuscular activities of insects and other arthropods. With grasshoppers (Melanoplus), normal or freshly decapitated, the critical increment is 7,900, again a value encountered in connection with some phenomena of gaseous exchange and agreeing well with the value obtained for CO2 output in Melanoplus. It is shown that by decapitation the temperature characteristic for abdominal rhythm, in Melanoplus, is changed to 16,500, then to 11,300—depending upon the time since decapitation; intermediate values do not appear. The frequency of the respiratory movements seems to be controlled by a metabolically distinct group of neurones. The bearing of these results upon the theory of functional analysis by means of temperature characteristics is discussed, and it is pointed out that a definite standpoint becomes available from which to attempt the specific control of vital processes.
Exotic reptile bites

Reptiles are a growing part of the exotic pet trade, and reptile bites have been considered innocuous in the emergency medicine literature. Two cases are reported of reptile bites, one from a green iguana and the other from a reticulated python. The treatment concerns associated with reptile bites are discussed.
A comparison of the spatial variability of denitrification and related soil properties in restored and natural depression wetlands in Indiana, USA

We characterized and compared the variability and spatial patterns of denitrification and soil properties in two natural and two restored depressional wetlands in northern Indiana, USA. Soil properties included soil moisture content, bulk density, plant-available N (NO3-N, NH4-N), soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio. Restored wetlands had greater denitrification and higher spatial variability than natural wetlands. Further, restored wetlands had greater bulk density and C:N ratios. In contrast, natural wetlands had greater soil moisture, plant-available N, organic C, and total N. Similar to denitrification, soil moisture, bulk density, NO3-N, total N, and C:N ratios had greater variance in restored wetlands than in natural wetlands. Denitrification and several soil properties exhibited positive global spatial autocorrelation, though trends differed between the individual wetlands for soil properties. Variogram analysis suggested little spatial structure in variables at the chosen ob...
The Utilization of a Known Coefficient of Variation in the Estimation Procedure

Abstract An estimator, γ, of μ is developed which utilizes a priori information concerning the value of the population coefficient of variation. γ′ is shown to have a smaller mean squared error than the sample mean, γ. A table of relative efficiencies for various coefficients of variation and sample sizes is presented.
Binding and biologic activity of neurotensin in guinea pig ileum.

Abstract Experiments were performed to relate receptor binding to biologic activity for the contractile effect of neurotensin (NT) in guinea pig ileum. The contractile response was examined on pieces of ileum under 1 g tension in a 5 ml bath of oxygenated Tyrode's at 38°C. NT contracted the longitudinal muscle (ED50, ∼0.3 n M ), the 2–3 g response peaking at 1 min and fading rapidly. In the presence of atropine ( 1 μM ), ≥50% of the response was blocked and the residual effect gave an ED50 of ∼1.4 n M . In the presence of atropine and CP-96,345, a substance P receptor antagonist ( 0.2 μM ), no contraction was observed at 20 n M NT. Thus, there were two components to the response, one involving acetylcholine (ED50, 0.3 n M ) and one substance P (ED50, 1.4 n M ). Using membrane preparations and 125I-labeled NT, specific, high affinty receptors for NT were demonstrated in the muscle and myenteric plexus. Scatchard analyses indicated the presence of two binding sites ( K d s: ∼0.1 n M and ∼2 n M ). Sodiu ion and GTP analogs inhibited binding. Binding and biologic activity were similar in regard to dependence on specific groups within NT and sensitivity to metal ions. The high potency of Hg++ was consistent with an involvement of free sulfhydryl group(s) in the binding reaction; this was supported by work with SH-directed agents. The results suggest that two receptor types or configurations may mediate the two components of the contractile effect of NT on guinea pig ileum.
Atopy as a Risk Factor for Habitual Snoring at Age 1 Year

Study objectives To determine the prevalence of habitual snoring (HS) in 1-year-old children, and to assess the relationship between HS and atopic status in these children. Design Cross-sectional evaluation of a birth cohort selected from the population. Setting Ohio and Kentucky River Valley communities. Participants Children participating in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS) were recruited for this study. Measurements and results At age 1 year, the children were evaluated for atopic status and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire pertaining to their snoring frequency and that of their child. Children with HS (snoring three or more times per week) were compared to those who either did not snore or snored less than three times per week. Data were available on 681 of the 700 children participating in CCAAPS study. Of these 681 children (377 boys and 304 girls), 542 were white (80%), 118 were African American (17%), and 21 were biracial or Asian (3%). The mean age (± SD) of our cohort at the time of assessment for snoring was 13.7 ± 2.6 months. Of the 681 children, 105 snored habitually (15%). There was a significant association between HS and the following: (1) positive atopic status (p = 0.005); (2) African-American race (p Conclusions We found a 15% prevalence of HS in 1-year-old children born to atopic parents and a significant association with positive atopic status.
Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: In humans, several distinctive cancers result from mutations that aberrantly activate hedgehog (HH) signal transduction. Here, we investigate the role of HH signaling in ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: We assessed the expression of different components of hedghehog pathway in primary tumor samples and cell lines. We used specific hedghehog pathway blocker to study the effect on clonal growth and proliferation of ovarian cancer cell both in vitro and in vivo . Results: We show that the up-regulation of several HH pathway components is a common feature of primary ovarian tumors and cell lines. However, expression of PATCHED1 ( PTCH1 ), a direct transcriptional target of the HH pathway, is down-regulated in ovarian cancer in direct contrast to the expression observed in other adult solid tumors. Cyclopamine, a specific HH pathway inhibitor, inhibits the proliferation and clonal growth of ovarian tumor cells in vitro and arrests ovarian tumor growth in vivo . Expression of BMI-1 , a polycomb gene, is down-regulated in ovarian cancer cells following cyclopamine treatment. Overexpression of PTCH1 phenocopied the effects of cyclopamine; it down-regulated BMI-1 and reduced clonal growth in ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, knocking down BMI-1 using small interfering RNA also inhibited the clonal growth of all the ovarian cancer cell lines tested. Conclusions: In brief, the constitutive low-level expression of PTCH1 contributes to proliferation and clonal growth of ovarian cancer cells by an aberrant HH signal. Because the HH pathway can be inhibited by specific inhibitors, these findings point toward possible new treatments to inhibit ovarian cancer growth.
Case report: increased patient response to intramuscular haloperidol decanoate following a change in needle length.

Introduction: Intramuscular (IM) injection is a commonly used administration route for a variety of medications. Determining the optimum needle length for administration of IM formulations based on individual patient variables has not been extensively reported in patients receiving antipsychotic medication via IM administration. Case report: The patient, a 23-year-old African American female diagnosed with schizophrenia, was referred to a community-based treatment program following multiple inpatient admissions. At age 19, she began experiencing psychiatric symptoms that resulted in assault and incarceration. Treatment included separate trials of haloperidol and fluphenazine decanoate formulations with minimal success reported. At the time of evaluation, she was experiencing constant positive psychiatric symptomatology. Oral haloperidol was started. Haloperidol decanoate 150 mg by IM injection using a 1.5-inch needle was added and titrated to 350 mg IM over 11 months. Auditory hallucinations continued. Fo...
Nuclear phospholipase D1 in vascular smooth muscle: specific activation by G protein-coupled receptors.

See related article, pages 132–139 Activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is a major component of signal transduction cascades activated by G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and angiotensin II (Ang II), as well as growth factors such as PDGF and EGF that promote proliferation, migration, and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In mammalian cells, PLD catalyzes the hydrolysis of the principal membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), resulting in the formation of choline and bioactive lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). PA is subsequently metabolized to diacylglycerol by PA phosphohydrolase or to LPA by phospholipase A2. PLD been implicated in signal transduction, exocytosis and endocytosis, cell proliferation, cytoskeletal reorganization, and gene expression.1–3 There are two mammalian PLD genes, PLD1 and PLD2, and two splice variants of each isoform. PLD1 has a low basal activity and is activated by the small GTP-binding proteins (Rho, Ral, and ADP ribosylation factor [Arf]) and protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast, PLD2 has a high basal activity and its in vitro activity is not or less responsive to PKC, Rho, or Arf.1–3 Both PLD1 and PLD2 are activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bis phosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), but PLD1 is inhibited whereas PLD2 is activated by oleic acid in vitro.1,4 PLD1 and PLD2 have been proposed to mediate isoform-specific functions, based on their selective abilities and variable patterns of subcellular localization.2 Numerous studies have used overexpression systems to show that PLD1 localizes to perinuclear vesicles,5–7 plasma membrane,8–10 including caveolin-enriched membrane,11 and that PLD2 localizes to the plasma membrane,5,12–14 and internalizes after agonist stimulation.5,15 In contrast, endogenous PLD2 detected by a specific antibody localizes to the rim of …
Lipoprotein profiles in Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective To compare lipid profiles between Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Cross-sectional analysis using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Setting University gynecology service. Patient(s) Self-identified Mexican Americans (n = 71) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 120) with PCOS defined by the 2003 European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society of Reproductive Medicine consensus. Intervention(s) Serum drawn from fasting state followed by oral glucose tolerance test. Main Outcome Measure(s) Age, body mass index (BMI), androgens, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting, and minimal model analyses of insulin sensitivity. Result(s) Mexican American women were more insulin resistant than non-Hispanic whites, but cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and calculated non-HDL cholesterol levels were similar. BMI inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol and positively with triglycerides. Approximately half of both ethnic groups had at least one lipid level in the low (HDL) or high (cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol) range according to National Cholesterol Education Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults guidelines. Conclusion(s) Despite greater insulin resistance among Mexican Americans with PCOS, lipid levels were similar to those of age- and weight-matched non-Hispanic whites. Obesity adversely affected lipid levels—primarily HDL cholesterol and triglycerides—in both groups. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was approximately 50% in each ethnic group.
Effects of an Induced Molt and Shell Quality on the Physical Dimensions and Mineral Composition of Eggs and Intrauterine pH

Abstract The relationship between force-molting and egg shell quality on the physical dimensions, water vapor conductance, air pore characteristics, and shell mineral content of eggs was investigated in Experiment 1. Hard-shelled (HS) and soft-shelled (SS) eggs were collected at 0700 or 1100 hr from force-molted and nommolted hens between 95 and 99 weeks of age. For Experiment 2, intrauterine pH was measured in vivo, immediately following the oviposition of a HS, SS, or shell-less (SL) egg by 107-week-old force-molted and nonmolted hens. Egg weight, percent shell, shell surface area, water vapor conductance, pore density, and the number of pores/egg were similar among HS eggs produced by molted and nonmolted hens, while shell weight, shell thickness, shell volume, shell calcium, pore radius, and total pore area were significantly greater in eggs produced by molted than nonmolted birds. Shell thickness, percent shell, and shell phosphorus content were greater in HS eggs collected at 0700 hr than 1100 hr. Shells from HS eggs were thicker content were greater in HS eggs collected at 0700 hr than 1100 hr. Shells from HS eggs were thicker and had higher ash, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus contents when compared to shells from SS eggs. Shell manganese levels were lower in HS eggs produced postmolt, while molting did not affect the shell manganese content of SS eggs. The number of pores/cm2 were lower in HS than SS eggs. No significant differences due to molt type or egg type were observed for intrauterine pH measured in vivo following the oviposition of HS, SS, or SL eggs.
High-power, high-temperature operation of AlInGaAs-AlGaAs strained single-quantum-well diode lasers

Strained layer AlInGaAs-AlGaAs graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure single-quantum-well diode lasers with cavity width and length of 500 and 1000 mu m, respectively, have been operated continuous-wave (CW) at heatsink temperatures up to 125 degrees C, with output power up to 4.9 W per facet and power efficiency as high as 49% measured at 10 degrees C. Promising results have been obtained in initial reliability tests on uncoated devices at heatsink temperatures of 10 and 50 degrees C. >
Spectral characteristics of postural control in elderly individuals

Abstract Objective: To examine the feasibility of using spectral analysis techniques to identify potential biomarkers of diminished postural control in elderly individuals. Design: Data from spectral signatures (derived from postural sway) of 21 young adults and 42 elderly individuals classified as "high" or "low" risk with regard to functional balance capacity were analyzed using Risk Category (3) × Sensory Condition (3) multivariate analyses of variance. Postural control was challenged by varying the visual conditions under which individuals stood on a measurement platform. Results: Results indicated that measures of central tendency and dispersion of the spectral frequency distribution from medial-lateral components of sway (but not antero-posterior sway) clearly differentiated between "high" and "low" risk elderly. Low risk elderly were not different from young adults. High risk elderly exhibited greater dispersion and lower mean frequency than other groups. Conclusions: Differences in spectral characteristics of medial-lateral components of sway were more related to risk category than to age. Elderly persons with high functional balance capacity displayed characteristics similar to those of young adults. Thus, spectral frequency analysis techniques may be a clinically useful tool for identifying individuals potentially at risk of falling.
Circhoral Oscillations of Plasma LH Levels in the Ovariectomized Rhesus Monkey

Blood samples were withdrawn at 10-, 20- or 30-min intervals for 6–12 hr from 13 ovariectomized and 7 intact female rhesus monkeys bearing indwelling cardiac catheters and restrained in primate chairs. Plasma LH and GH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Twenty-four experiments in ovariectomized animals revealed a striking rhythmic pattern in plasma LH levels having a period of approximately 1 hr, which was asynchronous with variations in plasma GH concentrations when these occurred. The LH oscillations, which had an excursion of 40–92 % of the mean hormone concentration, occurred with a mean period of 75 min and a mode of 60 min. In a typical rhythmic sequence, LH levels increased from nadir to peak during one 10-min sampling interval and decayed exponentially for the next 60 min. The t½ calculated from 19 such decay curves based on 10-min sampling intervals was 72 min, which is similar to the estimated t½ of exogenous LH in intact females. Moreover, there was a significant positive corre...
From Antiracism to Antiracisms

Although antiracism has existed as long as there has been racism, social scientists’ attention to antiracism has increased in the past decade. In this essay, I argue that the body of scholarship on antiracism is characterized by three main strands: (1) a macro focus on the ideology and structure of antiracist social movement organizations, often attempting to distil ‘the real’ antiracism from others deemed not critical or radical enough to qualify; (2) a micro focus on what motivates individuals to become antiracist, usually concentrating more on whites and using an a priori assumption that people of colour are automatic antiracists; and (3) a more promising interest in the antiracisms of the racial middle (Latinos, Asians, multiracials). This latter focus is emerging with a handful of scholars largely outside the United States, questioning the assumptions of the previous two strands, and offering interesting potential for the future of the field.
Septal ultrastructure in Phialophora pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa and Cladosporium carrionii.

The hyphal septa of 3 chromomycosis agents, Phialophora pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, and Cladosporium carrionii were investigated ultrastructurally. Single pores were observed in the septa of all 3 species. Conspicuous bodies consistent in appearance with previous descriptions of Woronin bodies were also observed. These observations suggest an ascomycetous affinity for these imperfect dematiaceous fungi.
Virtual worlds and teleoperations

In a virtual world, the user is immersed into a computer generated multi-sensory environment which may include sight, sound, and feel. The user is also able to interact with this environment based on real world interactions. Similarly, in teleoperations, it may be useful for the operator to interact with such a simulated environment when the control tasks are complex or when considerable transformation of sensor or control information must take place between operator and remote site. The author has designed and implemented an architecture for virtual world systems. An initial application has been the exploration and understanding of scientific data. The potential utility of virtual worlds in teleoperations is discussed. >
Interaction of human recombination proteins Rad51 and Rad54

The cDNA for human protein HsRad54, which is a structural homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombination/repair protein Rad54, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. As demonstrated by analysis in vitro and in vivo, HsRad54 protein interacts with human Rad51 recombinase. The interaction is mediated by the N-terminal domain of HsRad54 protein, which interacts with both free and DNA-bound HsRad51 protein.
Preliminary study of aeroelastic analysis of the pathfinder plus research aircraft using a wavelet-based, multi-physics approach

The focus of this work is to explore the application of a wavelet-based vibration detection scheme for the Pathfinder Plus research aircraft. Simulation is conducted for the wing structure on this testbed vehicle. FEMLAB is utilized to model the physics involved with vibration induced on the wing of the Pathfinder Plus due to aerodynamic forces. Then, the Daubechies wavelet is used to detect the vibration signal of the wing based on the signal's frequency spectra. While these results are preliminary, the output is useful and shows that Daubechies 10 (db10 at level 4) reveals characteristic features of the Pathfinder Plus wing structure under stress and strain.
Over utilization of healthcare resources for low-risk patients with acute, non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH): a community-based, retrospective cohort study

Over utilization of healthcare resources for low-risk patients with acute, non-variceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH): a community-based, retrospective cohort study
An exploration of statistical models for automated test case generation

In this paper, we develop methods that use logged user data to build models of a web application. Logged user data captures dynamic behavior of an application that can be useful for addressing the challenging problems of testing web applications. Our approach automatically builds statistical models of user sessions and automatically derives test cases from these models. We provide several alternative modeling approaches based on statistical machine learning methods. We investigate the effectiveness of the test suites generated from our methods by performing a preliminary study that evaluates the generated test cases. The results of this study demonstrate that our techniques are able to generate test cases that achieve high coverage and accurately model user behavior. This study provides insights into improving our methods and motivates a larger study with a more diverse set of applications and testing metrics.
Seasonal patterns of bacterivory by flagellates, ciliates, rotifers, and cladocerans in a freshwater planktonic community

Bacterivory in eutrophic Lake Oglethorpe, Georgia, was determined by direct observation of tracer particle uptake by all members of the planktonic community. Heterotrophic flagellates dominated grazing at all times, accounting for 49-8 1% of grazing on an areal basis and up to 98% of grazing at some depths. Pigmented (mixotrophic) flagellates were major grazers during winter and spring blooms, when they contributed up to 45% of community grazing on an areal basis and 79% at depths of maximum abundance. In late spring to early summer, rotifers and ciliates were responsible for as much as 25 and 30% of bacterivory at some depths, but averaged 3 and 11% over the year, respectively. Grazing impact of cladoceran crustaceans was generally < 1% of the total. Bacterivory by copepods was not detected. Total bacterial mortality due to grazing ranged from 11 to 162% of bacterial cell production estimated from the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Use of 0.57-pm microspheres as tracers gave similar estimates ofingestion to fluorescently labeled bacteria in this system. The use of 4% ice-cold glutaraldehyde mixed 1 : 1 with the water sample was found to be equally effective to an acrolein-tannic acid mixture for reducing egestion of particles by protists. We therefore consider our findings to be representative of bacterivory by the planktonic community in this eutrophic system.
The Influence of Instructional Settings in Reading and Math on Postsecondary Participation

Little is known of the relationship between the least restrictive environment (LRE) provision of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and postsecondary participation for secondary students with disabilities despite the current policy emphasis on college and career readiness for all students. In this study, we examined the instructional setting in English/language arts and mathematics among secondary students with disabilities using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2. Logistic regression analyses revealed that students with disabilities were 2 times more likely to participate in 2- and 4-year programs if they received general education instruction in math. Follow-up moderator analyses showed the likelihood of 4-year postsecondary participation among students with hearing, speech, visual, orthopedic, and other health impairments was significantly amplified if they received language arts instruction in general education classrooms. These findings serve as useful baseline...
Shroom4 (Kiaa1202) is an actin‐associated protein implicated in cytoskeletal organization

All animal cells utilize a specialized set of cytoskeletal proteins to determine their overall shape and the organization of their intracellular compartments and organelles. During embryonic development, the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton is critical for virtually all morphogenic events requiring changes in cell shape, migration, adhesion, and division. The behavior of the actin cytoskeleton is modulated by a myriad of accessory proteins. Shroom3 is an actin binding protein that regulates neural tube morphogenesis by eliciting changes in cell shape through a myosin II-dependent pathway. The Shroom-related gene SHROOM4 (formerly called KIAA1202) has also been implicated in neural development, as mutations in this gene are associated with human X-linked mental retardation. To better understand the function of Shrm4 in embryonic development, we have cloned mouse Shroom4 and characterized its protein product in vivo and in vitro. Shroom4 is expressed in a wide range of cell types during mouse development, including vascular endothelium and the polarized epithelium of the neural tube and kidney. In endothelial cells and embryo fibroblasts, endogenous Shroom4 co-distributes with myosin II to a distinct cytoplasmic population of F-actin and ectopic expression of Shroom4 in multiple cell types enhances or induces the formation of this actin-based structure. This localization is mediated, at least in part, by the direct interaction of Shroom4 and F-actin. Our results suggest that Shroom4 is a regulator of cytoskeletal architecture that may play an important role in vertebrate development.
Persisting and querying biometric event streams with hybrid relational-XML DBMS

Remote monitoring of patients' biometric data streams offers the possibility to physicians to extend and improve their services to chronically ill patients who are away from medical institutions. This emerging technology is a promising way to address important aspects of the cost issues that most health care systems are experiencing. In order to fulfill its potential, several challenges need to be overcome. First, the data collected needs to be filtered and annotated intelligently to help physicians cope with and navigate the large amount of patient sensor data received as a result of large scale remote health monitoring deployments. Secondly, efficient stream persistence and query mechanisms for these data need to be designed to satisfy health care regulations and help physicians track patient health histories accurately and efficiently. In this paper, we concentrate on the second challenge. We leverage emerging hybrid relational-XML database management systems to design a storage sub-system for remote health monitoring. We evaluate this approach by performing series of performance tests to assess the ability of the proposed system to handle the huge amount of biometric data streams requiring persistence.
Solid-surface room-temperature phosphorimetric detection of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine in liquid chromatography

Solid-surface room-temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) is proposed as an alternative detection technique for the liquid chromatographic determination of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine. The measurements are performed in a continuous mode with a two-nebulizer automated system for SSRTP detection. The analytical figures of merit obtained with the proposed detector are compared with those obtained by UV absorption detection. The SSRTP and LJV chromatograms of spiked urine samples are compared, and the possibility of keeping the SSRTP substrates as permanent records of analyzed samples is discussed.
State-of-the-art electron guns and injector designs for energy recovery linacs (ERL)

Abstract A key technology issue of energy recovery linac (ERL) high-power free-electron laser (FEL) and fourth generation light sources is the demonstration of reliable, high-brightness, high-power injector operation. Ongoing programs that target up to 0.5 A injector performance at emittance values consistent with the requirements of these applications, are described. There are three approaches that could deliver the specified performance. These are DC photocathode guns with superconducting RF (SRF) booster cryomodules, high-current normal-conducting RF (NCRF) photoinjectors that may also use SRF boosters, and SRF photocathode guns and boosters. The achieved performance at existing ERL facilities, the status of ongoing source development programs, and the proposed parameters of the injectors for planned ERL facilities are described and compared. As examples, we concentrate on three high-current injectors being developed by Advanced Energy Systems (AES) with collaborators at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB), Los Alamos (LANL) and Brookhaven (BNL) National Laboratories.
Compatibilizer-Phase Morphology-Mechanical Property Relationships of Multicomponent Heterophase Polymer Blends

The compatibilization of various three- and five-component blends of polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyvinylchloride has been investigated. The ultimate mechanical properties of such multi-component blends are related to their phase structures, which, in turn, are influenced by the nature of the compatibilizer used. Thus, in compatibilizing such blends, a properly chosen compatibilizer will result in a desired phase structure having improved mechanical properties, whereas another compatibilizer may lead to an undesirable phase structure with poor mechanical properties. The latter can result even though the compatibilizer is effective in promoting a finer dispersion and improving the interfacial adhesion. For blends with an encapsulation-type phase structure, the interface(s) between the encapsulating shell and the matrix is usually the primary interface(s) influencing the mechanical properties of the system, whereas for a blend with a separation-type phase structure, all of the matrix/particulate interfaces may be important.
Elucidation of the role of dyclin dependent kinase 11p58 in mitosis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4434 Cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11, formerly known as PITSLRE) belongs to the p34cdc2 family of proteins. CDK11 has several isoforms with different functions, including RNA processing and apoptosis. The CDK11p58 isoform is generated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. CDK11p58 may play a role in the cell cycle. However the function of CDK11p58 remains to be determined. In the present study, we confirm that CDK11p58 is produced during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in A375 melanoma cells. We show that ectopic expression of CDK11p58 in A375 cells delays the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. We also demonstrate that over expression of CDK11p58 decreases tumor cell growth in colony formation assays. The growth inhibitory activity of CDK11p58 appears to be due to increased apoptosis. We have utilized an immunoprecipitation and proteomic approach in order to identify proteins that are associated with CDK11p58. Using mass spectrometry, we were able to identify that CDK11p58 associates with the RNA helicase, DDX15 as well as other proteins. Confirmation of these specific protein interactions is currently under investigation in our laboratory. Collectively, these studies suggest that CDK11p58 may regulate RNA processing during mitosis. (Supported by NIH CA-70145 and Cancer Biology Training Grant T32CA-09213)
Abstract 2611: Inhibition Of Rho-kinase By Hydroxyfasudil Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage In Rats

Background: Early brain injury comprising of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain edema is an important part of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) pathophysiology. Although several reports hav...
Peptide III-BTD

Peptide III-BTD is a relatively non-selective antagonist at the opioid receptor-like receptor ( …
Host behaviour-parasite feedback: an essential link between animal behaviour and disease ecology.

Animal behaviour and the ecology and evolution of parasites are inextricably linked. For this reason, animal behaviourists and disease ecologists have been interested in the intersection of their respective fields for decades. Despite this interest, most research at the behaviour–disease interface focuses either on how host behaviour affects parasites or how parasites affect behaviour, with little overlap between the two. Yet, the majority of interactions between hosts and parasites are probably reciprocal, such that host behaviour feeds back on parasites and vice versa. Explicitly considering these feedbacks is essential for understanding the complex connections between animal behaviour and parasite ecology and evolution. To illustrate this point, we discuss how host behaviour–parasite feedbacks might operate and explore the consequences of feedback for studies of animal behaviour and parasites. For example, ignoring the feedback of host social structure on parasite dynamics can limit the accuracy of predictions about parasite spread. Likewise, considering feedback in studies of parasites and animal personalities may provide unique insight about the maintenance of variation in personality types. Finally, applying the feedback concept to links between host behaviour and beneficial, rather than pathogenic, microbes may shed new light on transitions between mutualism and parasitism. More generally, accounting for host behaviour–parasite feedbacks can help identify critical gaps in our understanding of how key host behaviours and parasite traits evolve and are maintained.
Abstract P2-14-10: Self Reported Cognitive Function in Breast Cancer Survivors: A 12 Month Longitudinal Descriptive Study

Background: Changes in cognitive function are commonly reported in breast cancer (BC) survivors. Longitudinal studies have only recently been completed and are few. In particular, long term studies are lacking. The purpose of this abstract is to describe self-reported cognitive changes in women before the start, or after the first cycle of chemotherapy, through 12 months. Methods: The data for this analysis were collected as part of a placebo-controlled randomized trial evaluating ginkgo biloba for the prevention of cognitive decline during adjuvant chemotherapy for BC. As there was no evidence that gingko biloba impacted cognitive function in any way, the sample was combined. Descriptive statistics were calculated to obtain the percent of women reporting worse perceived functioning or changes in their cognitive function at the start of chemotherapy, at the completion of treatment, and at 6, 12 and 24 months later (24 month data still being analyzed). 210 women, mostly white and mostly beginning anthracycline based chemotherapy, completed self report measures of cognition throughout the study. Women rated 10 areas of functioning by choosing a number from 1, signifying “functioning extremely less than normal”, to 7, signifying “extremely better than normal”. A score of 4 represented functioning perceived as “normal” for the respondent. Results: At baseline and after chemotherapy, the means for all 10 self reported cognitive items indicated “less than normal” functioning. Areas with the worst functioning included memory, ability to think clearly, staying focused, and planning ahead. At 6 and 12 months after chemotherapy, a percentage of participants reported worse functioning compared to baseline in every area. Changes in functioning are in the table below. Table 1 At 12 months, the mean for only 4 items indicated these areas were at “normal” functioning. These were the ability to learn, solve problems, react quickly and balance a checkbook. Discussion: For a subgroup of women, cognitive changes continue to worsen throughout 12 months and for many, perceived deficits remain. Areas most negatively impacted relate to attention, memory and executive function. Future research should focus on identifying predictors of worse functioning and continued research is needed to elucidate targets for intervention research to prevent unwanted cognitive changes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-10.
Trace Flue Gas Contaminants Poison Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal–Organic Frameworks: Implications for CO2 Adsorption and Separation

We use electronic structure calculations to examine the impact of trace flue gas contaminants (nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and their hydrates) on two promising coordinatively unsaturated metal–organic framework (MOF) sorbents. Such MOFs have been the subject of recent intense study since their unsaturated “open metal” sites yield dramatically enhanced uptake of CO2 at low partial pressures, ideal for flue gas separation applications. However, the impact of these contaminants on gas adsorption and separation has not been seriously considered. Our computational results suggest that the open metal sites are subject to poisoning by these trace flue gas contaminants. Thus, despite the low (postscrubbing) concentrations of these contaminants, their binding enthalpy is sufficient to outcompete CO2 for binding sites under equilibrium adsorption conditions and (by some estimates) even putative regeneration conditions. This work thus provides guidelines for identifying relevant contaminant species and illustrat...
Prevalence and Predictors of Important Telaprevir Drug Interactions Among Patients Coinfected With Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Among patients with HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) coinfection, drug-drug interactions involving nonstructural protein 3/4 (NS3/4A) serine protease inhibitors for HCV infection are an important concern because these drugs affect cytochrome P450 metabolism and p-glycoprotein transporters. Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of clinically significant drug-drug interactions (CSDDIs) in HIV/HCV coinfected patients if telaprevir-based HCV therapy is added to patients' medication regimens. Secondary objectives were to identify antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens associated with the lowest risk of CSDDI and determine the clinical risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among adult HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Demographics, comorbidities, social history, and medication lists were extracted from medical records. For each patient, CSDDIs were identified by entering all medications and pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and telaprevir into Lexi-Interact drug interaction software. The number and nature of CSDDIs were recorded before and after addition of telaprevir-based therapy. Results: There were 335 patients included. Prior to the addition of telaprevir-based HCV therapy, there was a high frequency (82.1%) of any CSDDI. After the addition of telaprevir-based HCV therapy, the frequency of any CSDDI increased to 97% (P < .001). Contraindicated interactions rose from 20.0% to 38.2% of patients after addition of telaprevir-based therapy. Use of ≥10 non-HIV medications, dyslipidemia, and HIV protease inhibitors were independently associated with the occurrence of a contraindicated interaction. Conclusions: Clinicians considering initiating telaprevir in HIV/HCV coinfected patients should be vigilant of drug-drug interactions, particularly among patients with dyslipidemia, those using ≥10 non-HIV medications, and those using HIV protease inhibitors.
Electrokinetic properties of isolated cerebral-cortex synaptic vesicles.

Synaptic vesicles isolated from guinea-pig cerebral cortex had an electrophoretic mobility of −3.55μm·s- 1 ·V- 1 ·cm in saline–sorbitol, pH7.2, at 25°C (ionic strength 0.015g-ions/1). The mobility was pH-dependent, varied with ionic strength and indicated that the vesicular surface contained weak acidic functions with a p K a in the range 3.0–3.8. Although the vesicular surface was determined to be highly negatively charged, treatment with neuraminidase had no effect on mobility and indicated that the relatively strong carboxyl groups of sialic acid do not contribute significantly to vesicular electrokinetic properties. Treatment of synaptic vesicles with trypsin or trypsinized concanavalin A resulted in increases in mobility, but treatment with ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, chrondroitinase ABC or hyaluronidase had no significant effect on mobility. Mn 2+ or Ca 2+ was more effective in decreasing vesicle mobility than was Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ or Ba 2+ . The electrokinetic properties of the synaptic vesicle surface are discussed and contrasted with the properties of the synaptosomal membrane.
Innovation Path of Ideological and Political Education in Nationalities College under Multi Cultural Background

Compared with general colleges,in the nationalities colleges,the objects,aims and methods of ideological and political education are special. Nationalities colleges should transform educational methods,enrich teaching contents,expand educational carriers and strengthen team building in order to innovate the ideological and political education for undergraduates.
Seasonal Abundance, Arrival and Emergence Patterns of Predaceous Hister Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Associated with Ips Engraver Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Louisiana

The most common predaceious hister beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) found associated with Ips engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in southern Louisiana were Platysoma attenuata LeConte, P. cylindrica (Paykull), P. parallelum (Say), and Plegaderus transversus (Say). The seasonal abundance of histerids caught in flight traps coincided with Ips spp. activity in the area. Histerid adults were initially caught in sticky traps on Ips-infested loblolly pine logs 1 wk after Ips spp. attacks had begun. As a group, histerids emerged from logs in a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring during Ips. spp. emergence and a second 4 wks later. The abundance of P. parallelum and P. transversus indicates that they likely fed on bark beetles and organisms arriving later in the colonization sequence. Visual orientation appeared to play a role in attraction of histerids to logs colonized by bark beetles. Platysoma attenuata preferred vertically-positioned logs to horizontal logs, while P. parallelum was the opposite. These results suggest that some histerids may be visually attracted to horizontal silhouettes, such as pine trees, that have been blown down or felled and often are infested by Ips spp. Other hister beetles may prefer vertical silhouettes, such as standing pines, which tend to be colonized by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann.