cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Farm Credit in a Depression

The principal problem in long-term farm credit in the United States in recent years has become one of paying for credits once obtained, in contrast with the pre-war problem of obtaining new credit. The volume of loans falling due has for some time exceeded the amount of renewals and new advances, the average size of new loans is smaller than the loans renewed, and many loans are renewed only on condition of reduction. Despite efforts toward adjusting debt terms and payments, much long-term farm credit is being cared for only at great sacrifice, and inability of borrowers to meet debt service requirements has led to loss of many farms to creditors while delinquency has threatened the ownership of many others. This course of events characteristic of debt liquidation in a period of declining prices was made more acute by the general business depression accompanied by pronounced declines in farm prices and land values. The extent of this debt distress among American farmers is therefore a point of primary importance, as is the problem of minimizing its undesirable financial and social results.
Experimental Study of Qirong Baoyuan Decoction in Treating Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Objective:To study the effect of Qirong Baoyuan Decoction(QRBYD)in treating chronic renal insufficiency in mice model.Meth- ods:Chronic renal insufficiency mice model made by adenine through gastrogavage were established,they were divided into normal con- trol group,model group,QRBYD low dosage group(13.9 g crude drug/kg)and high dosage group(27.8 g crude drug/kg).The test drug was administered for 1 month,and the body weight,kidney weight,SCr,BUN were determined.Results:QRBYD could signifi- cantly lower the SCr and BUN level,improve the body weight in high dosage group.Conclusion:QRBYD could improve the renal func- tion in model mice.
Common Mycelial Networks Impact Competition in an Invasive Grass

Premise of the study Mycorrhizal hyphal complexes can connect multiple host plants to form common mycelial networks (CMNs) that may affect plant competitive outcomes and community composition through differential resource allocation. The impacts of CMN interactions on invasive plants are not well understood and could be crucial to the understanding of invasive plant establishment and success. Methods We grew the invasive grass Brachypodium sylvaticum in intra- and interspecific pairings with native grass Bromus vulgaris in a greenhouse and controlled for the effects of CMN and root interactions by manipulating the belowground separation between competitors. Comparison of plant growth in pots that allowed CMN interactions and excluded root competition and vice versa, or both, allowed us to delineate the effects of network formation and root competition on invasive plant establishment and performance. Key results Brachypodium sylvaticum grown in pots allowing for only hyphal interactions, but no root competition, displayed superior growth compared with conspecifics in other treatments. Invasive performance was poorest when pairs were not separated by a barrier. Shoot nitrogen content in B. sylvaticum was higher in mycorrhizal plants only when connections were allowed between competitors. Conclusions Our results indicate that the presence of CMN networks can have positive effects on B. sylvaticum establishment and nutrient status, which may affect plant competition and invasion success.
Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Drug Delivery and Therapy

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess unique anti-Stokes optical properties, in which low-energy near-infrared (NIR) excitation can be converted into high-energy UV and/or visible emission with pronounced luminescence and chemical stability. Due to the rapid development of synthesis chemistry, lanthanide-doped UCNPs can be fabricated with narrow distribution and modulated physical behaviors. These unique characters endow them unique NIR-driven imaging/delivery/therapeutic applications, especially in the cases of the deep tissue environments. Herein, we introduce both the basic concepts and the up-to-date progresses of UCNPs in material engineering, toxicology, and bio-applications in imaging, molecular delivery, and tumor therapeutics.
Toward a Political Economy of British Labor Law

Throughout the past quarter-century, British labor markets have been characterized by an unusual degree of conflict, as measured by the number of agreements between employers and unions abrogated by unofficial union decisions, by days lost in strikes during the currency of existing agreements, by the prevalence of intimidatory and secondary picketing, by the evident political objectives of much strike behavior within public-sector industries, and by the strength of union opposition to trade-union reforms that are treated as commonplace elsewhere in Western Europe and in North America.' A significant concomitant of such turbulence has been a relatively low rate of investment in British industry and a correspondingly low rate of productivity growth, whether measured in terms of output per man-hour or of total-factor productivity.2 In this paper I will argue that labor-market turbulence on the scale witnessed in Britain over the past twenty-five years is primarily the consequence of a system of legal immunities for trade unions, trade-union officials, and individual trade-union members unprecedented in the Western world." The legal immunities availa-
Low power 5GHz quadrature phase CMOS LC oscillator with active inductor

A low power 5 GHz LC quadrature phase VCO with active inductor is designed and fabricated in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m single-poly, six metal layer mixed-signal CMOS process. Active inductors are used in the design to diminish chip area consumption. Results based on post layout simulations are presented. Circuits are currently being fabricated through the MOSIS Educational Program. The core VCO dissipates 6.86 mW on a 1.8 V power supply. The whole circuit has an output power of -2.956 dBm. Simulated phase noise is shown as -74.6 dB/Hz at 1MHz offset and -102.3 dB/Hz at 10 MHz offset.
Gaucher disease in the liver on hepatocyte specific contrast agent enhanced MR imaging

Gaucher disease is a hereditary lipid storage disorder that affects the enzyme beta glucocerebrosidase, causing accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. Accumulation can occur in the liver and spleen, manifesting as hepatosplenomegaly, as well as within the bone marrow. Hepatic involvement is usually diffuse but can occasionally manifest as focal liver lesions. We present a case of a 2-year-old boy with Gaucher disease and an infiltrating liver lesion detected on imaging, which was pathologically shown to be focal changes related to the disease. Imaging characteristics of this lesion using hepatocyte specific contrast agent enhanced MRI, which have not been previously discussed in the literature, are described.
Live Cell Imaging and 3D Analysis of Angiotensin Receptor Type 1a Trafficking in Transfected Human Embryonic Kidney Cells Using Confocal Microscopy

Live-cell imaging is used to simultaneously capture time-lapse images of angiotensin type 1a receptors (AT1aR) and intracellular compartments in transfected human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK) cells following stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II). HEK cells are transiently transfected with plasmid DNA containing AT1aR tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Lysosomes are identified with a red fluorescent dye. Live-cell images are captured on a laser scanning confocal microscope after Ang II stimulation and analyzed by software in three dimensions (3D, voxels) over time. Live-cell imaging enables investigations into receptor trafficking and avoids confounds associated with fixation, and in particular, the loss or artefactual displacement of EGFP-tagged membrane receptors. Thus, as individual cells are tracked through time, the subcellular localization of receptors can be imaged and measured. Images must be acquired sufficiently rapidly to capture rapid vesicle movement. Yet, at faster imaging speeds, the number of photons collected is reduced. Compromises must also be made in the selection of imaging parameters like voxel size in order to gain imaging speed. Significant applications of live-cell imaging are to study protein trafficking, migration, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and protein-protein interaction and dynamics, to name but a few.
Magnetic order and interactions in ferrimagnetic Mn 3 Si 2 Te 6

The magnetism in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$ has been investigated using thermodynamic measurements, first-principles calculations, neutron diffraction, and diffuse neutron scattering on single crystals. These data confirm that ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{6}$ is a ferrimagnet below ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ $\ensuremath{\approx}78$ K. The magnetism is anisotropic, with magnetization and neutron diffraction demonstrating that the moments lie within the basal plane of the trigonal structure. The saturation magnetization of $\ensuremath{\approx}1.6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$/Mn at 5 K originates from the different multiplicities of the two antiferromagnetically aligned Mn sites. First-principles calculations reveal antiferromagnetic exchange for the three nearest Mn-Mn pairs, which leads to a competition between the ferrimagnetic ground state and three other magnetic configurations. The ferrimagnetic state results from the energy associated with the third-nearest-neighbor interaction, and thus long-range interactions are essential for the observed behavior. Diffuse magnetic scattering is observed around the 002 Bragg reflection at 120 K, which indicates the presence of strong spin correlations well above ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$. These are promoted by the competing ground states that result in a relative suppression of ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ and may be associated with a small ferromagnetic component that produces anisotropic magnetism below $\ensuremath{\approx}330\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$.
Introduction: Democracy, Inc., and the Betrayal of the Constitution

We live in the age of Democracy, Inc., where the private economic sphere has become so bloated with power that it has, in effect, subsumed the government sphere. How did Democracy, Inc., arise? How did the conservative justices of the early Roberts Court—John Roberts, Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, and Anthony Kennedy—endorse Democracy, Inc.? How did that endorsement betray the Constitution and threaten American democracy and capitalism? How did the election of Donald Trump to the presidency manifest Democracy, Inc.? How can the new Roberts Court, with Neil Gorsuch filling the vacant seat, confront Democracy, Inc.? This chapter introduces these themes.
Molecular Aspects of Storage Protein and Starch Synthesis in Wheat and Rice Seeds

Seed formation in cereals is accompanied by the mobilization and transport of nitrogen from leaves and other source tissues to the developing cereal grain. Nitrogen enters the seed primarily as amino acids, of which glutamine appears to be the predominant constituent.1 It has been estimated that about 50% of the total nitrogen available in leaf and stem tissue of wheat is catabolized and transported to the developing grains2 where it is converted mainly into storage proteins. Storage proteins (defined here as any protein which serves as a nitrogen store and is packaged into protein bodies) are synthesized during the mid-stages of seed development and normally constitute about 80–90% of the total protein present in seeds. These proteins are subsequently utilized by the young developing seedling as a source of nitrogen and carbon and sometimes sulfur.
Doctor-Writers: Anton Chekhov’s Medical Stories

Anton Chekhov, the nineteenth-century Russian writer and a practicing physician who often worked with tuberculosis patients, was a forerunner in medically themed narratives. This chapter focuses on Chekhov’s best-known stories, which dramatize the relationship between doctors and patients in varied health care contexts. His stories range from the mindset of a medical student (“Anyuta”) to the complicated career development of an early-career physician (“Ionych”) to the psychology of the aging doctor (“A Boring Story”), from medical outcomes for the lower classes (“Misery,” “Grief”) to the cossetted treatment of the social elite (“A Doctor’s Visit”). “Ward No. 6” has become emblematic for its insights on mental illness and the harsh ways in which patients are often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Chekhov’s stories display multidimensional qualities and unique narrative points of view, highlight elements of ethics and empathy in medical treatment, and remain remarkably contemporary in how they enact principles of narrative medicine.
Relation of Retinal and Serum Lutein and Zeaxanthin to White Matter Integrity in Older Adults: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Objective Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are phytonutrients that accumulate in human brain tissue and positively impact cognition. Given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their role in stabilizing cell membranes, L&Z may relate to measures of white matter integrity (WMI). Method The current study tested the relation of retinal (macular pigment optical density/MPOD) and blood serum concentrations of L&Z to WMI in community-dwelling older adults (n = 54) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Younger adults (n = 38) were recruited as a control group to confirm age-related changes in WMI. A priori analyses focused on four regions of interest (ROIs-genu of the corpus callosum, cingulum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus). Exploratory whole-brain analyses were also conducted. Results Consistent with previous literature, age group (young vs. old) negatively predicted WMI globally, in the genu, cingulum, and fornix (p < .001). ROI analysis in the older adult sample showed relations of MPOD and serum L&Z to better WMI in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum (p < .05, FWE-corrected). Whole-brain analysis suggested associations between L&Z and WMI in both anterior white matter tracts vulnerable to age-related decline and posterior tracts (p < .01, uncorrected). Conclusions The current study is among the first to use neuroimaging to measure the relation of L&Z to brain structure in vivo. Results confirm previous findings that L&Z influence white matter integrity, particularly in regions vulnerable to age-related decline. The current study contributes to a growing literature investigating the relationship between diet and neural integrity by identifying white matter tracts that may be associated with modifiable dietary factors in older adults.
Still fighting the good fight: An analysis of student activism and institutional response

Abstract The current study employs content analysis of news coverage on recent campus protests (the University of Missouri, the University of Cincinnati, Harvard School of Law, and Ithaca College). Using the contingency theory of conflict management as a theoretical framework, the study sought both parties’ (institution and student activist group) stances along the continuum of pure advocacy to pure accommodation. The study also examined whether recent student groups applied radical activist strategies, and if institutions employed conflict resolution strategies. Results indicate both parties were advocating, with only institutions moving along the continuum from advocacy to pure accommodation. Students were found to execute radical activist strategies and institutions’ responses were dominantly unconditionally constructive.
Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization of a waterproof, high‐definition video camera case for intraoperative imaging in veterinary surgery

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and usability of a wearable, waterproof high‐definition camera/case for acquisition of surgical images by sterile personnel. STUDY DESIGN: An in vitro study to test the efficacy of biodecontamination of camera cases. Usability for intraoperative image acquisition was assessed in clinical procedures. METHODS: Two waterproof GoPro Hero4 Silver camera cases were inoculated by immersion in media containing Staphylococcus pseudointermedius or Escherichia coli at ≥5.50E+07 colony forming units/mL. Cases were biodecontaminated by manual washing and hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization. Cultures were obtained by swab and by immersion in enrichment broth before and after each contamination/decontamination cycle (n = 4). The cameras were then applied by a surgeon in clinical procedures by using either a headband or handheld mode and were assessed for usability according to 5 user characteristics. RESULTS: Cultures of all poststerilization swabs were negative. One of 8 cultures was positive in enrichment broth, consistent with a low level of contamination in 1 sample. Usability of the camera was considered poor in headband mode, with limited battery life, inability to control camera functions, and lack of zoom function affecting image quality. Handheld operation of the camera by the primary surgeon improved usability, allowing close‐up still and video intraoperative image acquisition. CONCLUSION: Vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization of this camera case was considered effective for biodecontamination. Handheld operation improved usability for intraoperative image acquisition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization and thorough manual washing of a waterproof camera may provide cost effective intraoperative image acquisition for documentation purposes.
Physical Hilbert Spaces

The Wheeler–DeWitt equation Wheeler–DeWitt!equation or the difference equation difference equation of loop quantum cosmology present a constraint constraint that states have to satisfy, analogous to the Friedmann equation which is a constraint in canonical relativity. Zero eigenvalues of the constraint operator are thus to be found. For the difference equation ( 4.15) encountered for isotropic models there is in fact a kinematically normalizable eigenstate of zero eigenvalue, given by \(\psi_{\mu}=\delta_{\mu,0}.\) This state, however, is supported only on the classical singularity singularity and of no interest to describe an expanding universe.
6 – Varahamihira and Bhaskara I

Varahamihira was a great astronomer and he has composed many astronomical texts. He has taken the year ad 505 as the epoch for the computations of positions of planets in his famous astronomical treatise “Pancha Siddhantika.” This work was a collection of five astronomical texts, prevalent at that time, “Suryasiddhanta” being one of these five texts. Dr. S.B. Dikshit strongly believed that in “Suryasiddhanta,” Varahamihira has assumed the commencement of yuga at midnight to postulate yuga system and this assumption has proved to be true.
Induction of Immunological Tolerance to Transgene Products

Gene transfer holds the possibility of correcting difficult or impossible to treat disorders, ranging from inherited monogenic diseases to graft rejection in transplant surgery. However, one barrier to success in gene therapy is the immune response to the protein encoded by the transgene. Because the transgene product is often missing in the patient, they will have developed lymphocytes capable of generating an immune response to the therapeutic protein, thereby rendering treatment ineffective. Thus, finding a way to induce tolerance to the gene product is the focus of a considerable amount of research. This research often relies heavily on delivery of the transgene to anatomical sites of the body that are naturally immune privileged or potentially immune suppressive, such as the liver, central nervous system, eyes, and hematopoietic cells. The benefits of tolerance induction by gene transfer are not limited for using gene therapy as a protein replacement strategy but can be extended to any situation where an immune response is unfavorable, such as autoimmune disease. This chapter focuses on the different strategies used to induce tolerance to transgene products along with the practical applications and limitations of those strategies based on the physiology of each anatomical site targeted.
Novel Genomic Tools for Specific and Real-Time Detection of Biothreat and Frequently Encountered Foodborne Pathogens

The bacterial genera Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia and Francisella include important food safety and biothreat agents causing food-related and other human illnesses worldwide. We aimed to develop rapid methods with the capability to simultaneously and differentially detect all six pathogens in one run. Our initial experiments to use previously reported sets of primers revealed non-specificity of some of the sequences when tested against a broader array of pathogens, or proved not optimal for simultaneous detection parameters. By extensive mining of the whole genome and protein databases of diverse closely and distantly related bacterial species and strains, we have identified unique genome regions, which we utilized to develop a detection platform. Twelve of the specific genomic targets we have identified to design the primers in F. tularensis ssp. tularensis, F. tularensis ssp. novicida, S. dysentriae, S. typhimurium, V. cholera, Y. pestis, and Y. pseudotuberculosis contained either hypothetical or putative proteins, the functions of which have not been clearly defined. Corresponding primer sets were designed from the target regions for use in real-time PCR assays to detect specific biothreat pathogens at species or strain levels. The primer sets were first tested by in-silico PCR against whole genome sequences of different species, sub-species, or strains and then by in vitro PCR against genomic DNA preparations from 23 strains representing six biothreat agents (E.coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis, Vibrio cholera, and Yersinia pestis) and six foodborne pathogens (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella saintpaul, Shigella sonnei, Francisella novicida, Vibrio parahemolytica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis). Each pathogen was specifically identifiable at the genus and species levels. Sensitivity assays performed using purified DNA showed the lowest detection limit of 640 fg DNA/µl for F. tularensis. A preliminary test done to detect Shigella organisms in a milk matrix showed that 6–60 colony forming units of the bacterium per milliliter of milk could be detected in about an hour. Therefore, we have developed a platform to simultaneously detect foodborne pathogen and biothreat agents specifically and in real-time. Such a platform could enable rapid detection or confirmation of contamination by these agents.
Stress corrosion cracking evaluation of a target structural material by different techniques

Publisher Summary Smooth and notched tensile specimens of Alloy EP-823 are tested to evaluate alloy susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions at room, and elevated temperatures by using constant-load (CL), and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing techniques. The susceptibility of the alloy to localized corrosion is evaluated using a cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) test technique. The morphology of primary failure in all failed specimens is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The optical microscopy is employed to analyze the secondary cracks. In CL tests using notched specimens, no failure is observed in a 90°C neutral solution at the applied stress = 50% yield strength. However, failures are observed at this level of stress in a 90°C acidic solution. SSRT tests in the acidic solution at elevated temperatures involving smooth specimens show the reduction of time-to-failure (TTF), percent elongation, and percent reduction in area, indicating a synergistic effect of pH and temperature on the cracking susceptibility. SSRT tests involving notched specimens show that the presence of a notch further reduces TTF and ductility parameters.
Whole exome sequencing (WES) in hormone-receptor positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to identify mediators of resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i).

12016Background: Combining CDK4/6i with endocrine therapy results in prolongation of disease control in HR+ MBC, though resistance invariably occurs. There is a critical need to understand mechanis...
R2O Transition of NCAR’s Icing and Turbulence Algorithms into NCEP’s Operations

National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) started distributing global operational gridded in flight icing, turbulence and convective cloud products as part of World Area Forecast System (WAFS) products in 2007. Simple algorithms were used to derive these products during early stage based on NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast. These products quickly became essential flight planning tool for international aviation community and are especially important to developing countries that do not have resource to run numerical models themselves. To further improve these products, Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) started collaborating with National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to transition their aviation research algorithms into NCEP’s operations (R2O), particularly Forecast Icing Potential (FIP) and Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG) algorithms. The initial attempt is to apply FIP to GFS forecast to potentially replace WAFS icing product. Extensive evaluation demonstrated FIP outperformed original WAFS icing product and, with support from Aviation Weather Center (AWC) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), EMC replaced US WAFS icing product with FIP in 2015. EMC recently also implemented GTG with 2017 GFS upgrade but GTG will not replace WAFS turbulence until 2019. This paper will describe the methodology which EMC used to transition NCAR’s aviation research algorithms into NCEP’s operations. It will also describe how EMC generates icing analysis data to be used as truth for performing objective verification. Several case studies will be presented and the methodology and results for objective validation will be discussed. Finally, future collaboration plan with NCAR and implementation plans to continue to improve WAFS products will be stated.
An architecture for IoT clock synchronization

In this paper, we describe an architecture for clock synchronization in IoT devices that is designed to be scalable, flexibly accommodate diverse hardware, and maintain tight synchronization over a range of operating conditions. We begin by examining clock drift on two standard IoT prototyping platforms. We observe clock drift on the order of seconds over relatively short time periods, as well as poor clock rate stability, each of which make standard synchronization protocols ineffective. To address this problem, we develop a synchronization system, which includes a lightweight client, a new packet exchange protocol called SPoT and a scalable reference server. We evaluate the efficacy of our system over a range of configurations, operating conditions and target platforms. We find that SPoT performs synchronization 22x and 17x more accurately than MQTT and SNTP, respectively, at high noise levels, and maintains a clock accuracy of within ~15ms at various noise levels. Finally, we report on the scalability of our server implementation through microbenchmark and wide area experiments, which show that our system can scale to support large numbers of clients efficiently.
Developing an Understanding-Based Selection of Hybrid-Perovskite Compounds and the Cu-in Hybrid-Perovskite (CIHP) Family

The long-term chemical instability and the presence of toxic Pb in otherwise stellar solar absorber APbX3 made of organic molecules on the A site and halides for X have hindered their large-scale commercialization. Previously explored ways to achieve Pb-free halide perovskites involved replacing Pb2+ with other similar M2+ cations in ns2 electron configuration, e.g., Sn2+ or by Bi3+ (plus Ag+), but unfortunately this showed either poor stability (M = Sn) or weakly absorbing oversized indirect gaps (M = Bi), prompting concerns that perhaps stability and good optoelectronic properties might be contraindicated. Herein, we exploit the electronic structure underpinning of classic Cu[In, Ga]Se2 (CIGS) chalcopyrite solar absorbers to design Pb-free halide perovskites by transmuting 2Pb to the pair [BIB + CIII] such as [Cu + Ga] or [Ag + In] and combinations thereof. The resulting group of double perovskites with formula A2BCX6 (A = K, Cs; B = Cu, Ag; C = Ga, In; X = Cl, Br, I) benefits from the ionic, yet narrow-gap character of halide perovskites, and at the same time borrows the advantage of the strong and rapidly rising Cu(d)/Se(p)→Ga/In(s/p) valence-to-conduction-band absorption spectra known from CIGS. This constitutes a new group of CuIn-based Halide Perovskite (CIHP). Our first-principles calculations guided by such design principles indicate that the CIHPs class has members with clear thermodynamic stability, showing rather strong direct-gap optical transitions, and manifesting a wide-range of tunable gap values (from zero to about 2.5 eV) and combination of light electron and heavy-light hole effective masses. Materials screening of candidate CHIPs then identifies the best-of-class Cs2[AgIn]Br6 and K2[AgIn]Br6, having direct band gaps of 1.50 and 1.44 eV, and a theoretical spectroscopic limited maximal efficiency comparable to chalcopyrites and CH3NH3PbI3• Our finding offers new routine for designing new-type stable, Pb-free halide perovskite solar absorbers.
Current Trends in Psychiatric Education Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Programs.

This study sought to evaluate the status of psychiatric education in Ob/Gyn residencies. A 17-item anonymous questionnaire was sent to program directors of 239 Ob/Gyn US residencies. Data analysis was performed using STATA 14.2. Ninety-five programs participated (40%), including partial responses. The majority of Ob/Gyn programs offered didactics in psychiatric topics (84%), with most of the sessions provided by Ob/Gyn faculty. Programs that reported didactics led by psychiatric faculty (57.9%) were more likely to have a higher number of mental health didactics in total. Fewer than half of programs covered intimate partner violence (47%), non-obstetric depression (44%), anxiety (43%), medication management (30%), eating disorders (26%), human trafficking (20%), or PTSD (11%). Elective rotations involving mental health were offered by 20% of programs. Barriers to psychiatric training were lack of integration between Ob/Gyn and psychiatry (46%), ACGME surgical requirements (42%), and lack of knowledgeable instructors (38%). Most program directors (81%) disagreed that residents are fully equipped to identify psychiatric needs in patients. Lack of integration between Ob/Gyn and psychiatry was the most cited barrier to effective psychiatric education of Ob/Gyn residents, highlighting the importance of increased partnership between the two fields. Didactic instruction decreased compared to 2001, and considerable gaps still remain. Most program directors perceive that residents are not equipped to identify patients’ psychiatric needs.
Gigahertz Low-Loss and Wideband S0 Mode Lithium Niobate Acoustic Delay Lines

We present the first group of gigahertz S0 mode low loss and wideband acoustic delay lines (ADLs). The ADLs use a single-phase unidirectional transducers (SPUDT) design to launch and propagate the S0 mode in an X-cut lithium niobate thin film with large electromechanical coupling and low damping. In this work, the theoretical performance bounds of S0 mode ADLs are first investigated, significantly surpassing those in state-of-the-art. The design tradeoffs of S0 mode ADLs, when scaled to the gigahertz frequency range, are also discussed. The fabricated miniature ADLs show a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 4% and a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 3.2 dB, outperforming the incumbent surface acoustic wave (SAW) counterparts, and covering a wide range of delays from 20 to 900 ns for digitally addressable delay synthesis. Multiple ADLs with center frequencies from 0.9 to 2 GHz have been demonstrated, underscoring their great frequency scalability. The propagation properties of S0 waves in lithium niobate at the gigahertz range are experimentally extracted. The demonstrated ADLs can potentially enable wide-range and high-resolution delay synthesis that is highly sought after for the self-interference cancellation in full-duplex radios.
The invariant bilinear form and the generalized Casimir operator

In this chapter we introduce two important tools of our theory, the invariant bilinear form and the generalized Casimir operator Ω. The operator Ω is a “second order” operator which, in contrast to finite-dimensional theory, does not lie in the universal enveloping algebra of g(A) and is not defined for all representations. However, Ω is defined on the so-called restricted representations, and commutes with the action of g(A) in these representations. Remarkably, one can manage to prove a number of results (including classical ones) using only Ω.
Teaching Strategies and Conservation Training

Between 1961 and 1976, about 140 research studies were published that were designed specifically, in one way or another, to train young children between four and seven years old to conserve. Seventy percent of these studies appeared between 1970 and 1975, and with only two percent of them appearing in 1976, it would appear that the conservation training preoccupation of developmental psychologists may have ended. Quite apart from the theoretical reasons that may have motivated and legitimized the attention scientific journals gave to this issue, the thesis of this paper is that in these studies, a number of precise teaching techniques were created and, more importantly, were evaluated. Moreover, the extensive experimental literature on conservation, of which the training literature is a small part, serendipitously provides a model for programmatic research in educational psychology. From its inception at the turn of the century, educational psychology was planned as the discipline of the psychology of the various subject matters in which variables that predicted and controlled the acquisition of subject matter would be charted and explained. The claim that teaching could be a science was to be based upon this new discipline. For various reasons, the discipline wandered in the following decades from this central purpose; but the developmental psychologists have, perhaps unwittingly, followed the program faithfully in their evaluation of the conservation phenomenon.
Gendered Vulnerability: How Women Work Harder to Stay in Office

Even the casual observer of women’s electoral or legislative behavior in the US Congress might be apt to note that there is something different from men in how they approach their positions as memb...
Oncologists’ perspectives on medical marijuana for the elderly.

78Background: Cancer patients are increasingly using medical marijuana (MM) to manage symptoms and treatment side effects. Although cancer disproportionately affects the elderly, little is known ab...
A Multiview Approach to Learning Articulated Motion Models

In order for robots to operate effectively in homes and workplaces, they must be able to manipulate the articulated objects common within environments built for and by humans. Kinematic models provide a concise representation of these objects that enable deliberate, generalizable manipulation policies. However, existing approaches to learning these models rely upon visual observations of an object’s motion, and are subject to the effects of occlusions and feature sparsity. Natural language descriptions provide a flexible and efficient means by which humans can provide complementary information in a weakly supervised manner suitable for a variety of different interactions (e.g., demonstrations and remote manipulation). In this paper, we present a multimodal learning framework that incorporates both vision and language information acquired in situ to estimate the structure and parameters that define kinematic models of articulated objects. The visual signal takes the form of an RGB-D image stream that opportunistically captures object motion in an unprepared scene. Accompanying natural language descriptions of the motion constitute the linguistic signal. We model linguistic information using a probabilistic graphical model that grounds natural language descriptions to their referent kinematic motion. By exploiting the complementary nature of the vision and language observations, our method infers correct kinematic models for various multiple-part objects on which the previous state-of-the-art, visual-only system fails. We evaluate our multimodal learning framework on a dataset comprised of a variety of household objects, and demonstrate a \(23\%\) improvement in model accuracy over the vision-only baseline.
How mock jurors’ cognitive processing and defendants’ immigrant status and ethnicity relate to decisions in capital trials

This study examined how defendants’ immigrant status and ethnicity interact with evidence strength and mock jurors’ cognitive processing traits to influence decisions in a capital trial. A sample of jury-eligible participants acted as mock jurors and read a trial summary in which defendant immigrant status, defendant ethnicity, and evidence strength were experimentally manipulated. They then weighed aggravators relative to mitigators, recommended a sentence, and completed measures of rational and experiential processing. Logistic regression was used to test predicted interactions. Mock jurors weighed aggravators over mitigators when the defendant was a Latino citizen and when the defendant was an undocumented immigrant. There were no interactions on sentencing decisions. Evidence strength and experiential processing were positively related to rendering a death sentence. A defendant’s immigrant status and ethnicity might indirectly lead to punitive decisions in capital cases because they influence how jurors weigh aggravators and mitigators.
A large field-of-view high-resolution hard x-ray microscope using polymer optics.

We present an effective approach using a matched pair of polymer-based condenser–objective lenses to build a compact full-field x-ray microscope with a high spatial resolution. A unique condenser comprising arrays of high-aspect-ratio prisms with equilateral cross section is used for uniformly illuminating samples over a large field of view (FOV) from all angles, which match the acceptance of an objective made of interdigitated orthogonal rows of one-dimensional lenses. State-of-the-art Talbot grating interferometry used to characterize these lenses for the first time revealed excellent focusing properties and minimal wavefront distortions. Using a specific lens pair designed for 20 keV x rays, short-exposure times, and image registration with a cross-correlation technique, we circumvent vibrational instabilities to obtain distortion-free images with a uniform resolution of 240 nm (smallest resolvable line pair) over a large FOV, 80 × 80 µm2 in extent. The results were contrasted with those collected using commercial two-dimensional parabolic lenses with a smaller FOV. This approach implemented on a diffractometer would enable diffraction-contrast or dark-field microscopy for fast observations of “mesoscopic” phenomena in real space complementing reciprocal-space studies using diffraction on the same instrument.
High Density Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits and Photonic Engine for Optical Co-packaged Ethernet Switch

We present performance of 1.6 Tbps silicon photonic integrated circuits (SiPICs) and their key device components. These high bandwidth density SiPICs enabled fully functional photonic engines (PEs) that can be co-packaged with Ethernet switches and demonstrated IEEE standards compliant interop-link with 400 Gbps DR4 modules.
Failure to achieve pelvic balance following hip replacement surgery may be a risk factor for development of degenerative scoliosis

Abstract Introduction In the global alignment of body, the pelvis and spine are strictly and mutually connected. Our hypothesis was that failure to achieve pelvic balance following hip replacement surgery (THA) may be a risk factor for development of degenerative scoliosis. Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted. Patients who underwent THA followed by spine surgery primarily because of scoliosis (scoliosis group) were compared to patients who only underwent THA (no scoliosis group). Any patient in either group who had spine surgery prior to THA was excluded. Propensity score matching was utilized to match the two groups on age, gender and etiology for THA. Results A total of 78 patients (39 in each group) were included in the study. The mean age was 63 years in scoliosis group and 64 years in no scoliosis group. The most common etiologies for THA were osteoarthritis, fracture and avascular necrosis. The mean pelvic obliquity as measured by the O’Brien method was 2.9° (0.2–6.5) in scoliosis group and 1.1° (0–4.5) in no scoliosis group. This difference in pelvic obliquity between the two groups was statistically significant (p Conclusion Altered pelvic parameters following hip surgery may be a contributing factor in the development of thoracolumbar scoliosis. Our data showed that a small change in pelvic balance following THA could pose a risk for developing degenerative scoliosis.
Discovering related data at scale

Analysts frequently require data from multiple sources for their tasks, but finding these sources is challenging in exabyte-scale data lakes. In this paper, we address this problem for our enterpri...
A computational algebraic geometry technique for determining nonlinear normal modes of structural systems

Abstract A computational algebraic geometry technique is developed for determining nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) nonlinear dynamic systems. Specifically, resorting to computational algebraic geometry concepts and tools, such as Grobner basis, it is shown that the complete solution set of a nonlinear algebraic system of coupled multivariate polynomial equations is determined exactly, even for a relatively large number of unknowns. Herein, these unknowns represent expansion coefficients for approximating NNMs of nonlinear dynamic systems. In this regard, the exact nature of the determined coefficient vector, which is one the significant advantages of the technique, implies increased confidence in approximating NNMs more accurately by utilizing higher-order expansions with additional terms. Several numerical examples referring to various MDOF nonlinear dynamic systems are considered for demonstrating the efficacy and potential of the solution technique. Also, note that although the technique is developed herein by relying on the classical Shaw–Pierre definition of NNMs, this is not necessarily a restriction of the methodology. In fact, the proposed computational algebraic geometry solution framework can be potentially used, in a rather straightforward manner, in conjunction with alternative NNM definitions and problem formulations requiring the solution of nonlinear algebraic equations of polynomial form.
A Rare Case of Rapidly Transforming Pancreatitis With Life-Threatening Complications and Multi-Organ Failure.

Acute pancreatitis affects approximately 50,000-80,000 Americans each year. Eighty percent of those cases are related to alcohol use or biliary stones. It has traditionally been thought of as a self-limiting disease, in which the pancreas fully recovers with little or no intervention. The occurrence of complications, particularly infectious ones, characterize the most severe forms of acute pancreatitis and is associated with high mortality. We present a case of acute pancreatitis with transformation into necrotizing and hemorrhagic pancreatitis complicated with splenic vein thrombosis (SVT), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI), and later, fungemia.
An Areally Intensive Approach to Hydrologic Nutrient Transport in Forested Watersheds

This study focuses on the nutrient (nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate) pathways from precipitation (rain and snow) through subsurface flow to streamflow for a forested watershed near Lake Tahoe, Nevada, U.S.A. It describes instrumentation (recording precipitation gages, snow courses, piezometers, neutron access probes, porous cup soil water samplers, and recording streamflow gage) used along with practical problems encountered in deep snow accumulation and melt. Preliminary findings are presented.
Trade show boothscapes

AbstractTrade shows continue to be second only to personal selling in business-to-business promotion. Exhibitors around the world seek to attract the proper attendees into their booths (stands), but design advice for accomplishing exhibitor goals is lacking. Designs intended to appeal to attendees indiscriminately only crowd booths with nonbuyers. Given the diversity of exhibitor goals, attendee motives and potential booth designs, exhibitors need to carefully weigh competing design elements. The theoretical underpinnings of retail atmospherics, service escapes and prior trade show research are juxtaposed with observations from a very large international industrial trade show. A variety of observations and interviews with marketing managers provide data from small to large exhibitors. A framework is proposed linking various design elements to specific exhibitor goals and attendee roles.
EXPERIENCES WITH THE MANAGEMENT OF PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMA

Plexiform neurofibroma is a relatively uncommon manifestation of diffuse neurofibromatosis and is characterized by its unique gross appearance. Because of its tendency to involve peripheral nerves centripetally it must be vigorously treated surgically to prevent damage to vital areas, notably the brain and spinal cord, although the tumor is basically benign. We have presented our experience with 11 children who had this disease, demonstrating that despite the propensity for the growth to crop up in several areas it can be eradicated locally, and the patient may have no further trouble for a long time. We believe that resectable lesions should be removed even though this may require repeated operations over a period of several years.
Gender, Pubertal Development, and Peer Sexual Harassment Predict Objectified Body Consciousness in Early Adolescence

Objectified body consciousness (OBC)—the tendency to view one's body as an object for others to look at and evaluate—is theorized to emerge during sexual maturation as adolescents, particularly adolescent girls, experience sexual objectification. Although OBC generally is discussed in developmental terms, research so far has examined primarily the experiences of undergraduates and adults. Our goal in this study was to examine early adolescent experiences with OBC and to explicitly test the idea that OBC is linked to experiences of sexual objectification, such as peer sexual harassment, that early adolescents face as their bodies reach maturity. We tested several structural models of OBC and its relation to puberty, peer sexual harassment, and negative body experience. The prevailing model supported OBC theory's premise that pubertal development and peer sexual harassment increase adolescent girls' tendency toward self-surveillance, which in turn leads to greater body shame. Several pathways in the model were not significant for boys.
Deleuze and the Limits of Mathematical Time1

In Creative Evolution, Bergson argues that life, the so-called inner becoming of things, does not develop linearly, in accordance with a geometrical, formal model. For Bergson as for classical science, matter occupies a plane of immanence defined by natural laws. But he maintains that affection is not part of that plane of immanence and that it needs new kind of scientific description. For Deleuze, affection does belong to the plane of immanence whose parts are exterior to one another, according to classical natural laws. Out of this may be cut the closed, mechanical world with its immobile sections that Bergson attributes to cinematographic knowledge. Thus, in place of a science of creative evolution, Deleuze has substituted external relations, blocs of becoming and ultimately, a theory of extinction.