cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leukocytic promotion of prostate cellular proliferation.

BACKGROUND. Histologicalevidenceofpervasiveinflammatoryinfiltratehasbeennotedin both benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Cytokines known to attract particular leukocyte subsets are secreted from prostatic stroma consequent to agingandalsofrommalignantprostateepithelium.Therefore,wehypothesizedthatleukocytes associated with either acute or chronic inflammation attracted to the prostate consequent to aging or tumorigenesis may promote the abnormal cellular proliferation associated with BPH and PCa. METHODS. An in vitro system designed to mimic the human prostatic microenvironment incorporating prostatic stroma (primary and immortalized prostate stromal fibroblasts), epithelium (N15C6, BPH-1, LNCaP, and PC3 cells), and inflammatory infiltrate (HL-60 cells, HH,andMolt-3T-lymphocytes)wasdeveloped.ModifiedBoydenchamberassayswereusedto testtheabilityofprostatestromalandepithelialcellstoattractleukocytesandtotesttheeffectof leukocytes on prostate cellular proliferation. Antibody arrays were used to identify leukocytesecreted cytokines mediating prostate cellular proliferation. RESULTS. Leukocyticcellsmigratedtowardsbothprostatestromalandepithelialcells.CD4þ T-lymphocytes promoted the proliferation of both transformed and non-transformed prostate epithelialcelllinestested,whereasCD8þT-lymphocytesaswellasdHL-60Mmacrophagicand dHL-60N neutrophilic cells selectively promoted the proliferation of PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS. The results of these studies show that inflammatory cells can be attracted to the prostate tissue microenvironment and can selectively promote the proliferation of nontransformed or transformed prostate epithelial cells, and are consistent with differential role(s) for inflammatory infiltrate in the etiologies of benign and malignant proliferative disease in the prostate. Prostate 70: 377–389, 2010. # 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Defect coverage analysis of partitioned testing

Research in improving test quality has focused on identifying better fault models and coverage metrics and tools to achieve high coverage. The test generation and test application methodology is usually not considered. We attempt to understand the implication of a test generation and test application methodology, viz, partitioned testing, on product quality. In partitioned testing, patterns are applied to one part of the design while the other parts are maintained in a quiescent state. Quantitative data on several aspects of partitioned testing, using some industrial test cases, are presented. It highlights the need for generating patterns using different partition sizes, generating longer test sequences and the need to include functional testing in the test suite. In addition, we argue that a different metric is needed to evaluate functional pattern quality to cover the gaps identified.
The Fair City of Interama

Abstract Interama, Miami's legendary hemispheric center, is remembered as the overly ambitious exposition that never materialized. The Pan-American world's fair designs explored over its long history were in many instances superficially conceived. In the mid-1960s, however, a team consisting of Louis Kahn and others elevated Interama into a nuanced hemispheric model; surprisingly, their design proposal remains unexplored. This essay examines how, as these architects crafted this tropical fair, they carefully resolved an imposed imperious program by envisioning their design as a model for the perfect city center. Consequently, they innovatively recast a New World discourse that had been repeatedly misappropriated.
The Nonmajoritarian Difficulty: Legislative Deference to the Judiciary

Theoretical and descriptive studies of the Supreme Court exhibit a curious parallel. Both usually begin from the premise that judicial review is “a deviant institution in a democratic society.” Much normative work claims that independent judicial policymaking is rarely legitimate in a democracy because, with few exceptions, elected officials rather than appointed judges should resolve social controversies. In a frequently cited passage, Alexander Bickel asserts that the Supreme Court is “a counter-majoritarian force” in our system of government. Much empirical work, by comparison, insists that independent judicial policymaking seldom takes place in a democracy because, with few exceptions, judges appointed and confirmed by elected officials sustain whatever social policies are enacted by the dominant national coalition. Robert Dahl observes that it is “unrealistic to suppose that a Court whose members are recruited in the fashion of Supreme Court justices would long hold to norms of Right or Justice substantially at odds with the rest of the political elite.”
The ideal of polynomials vanishing on a commutative ring

We determine equivalent conditions on a commutative Artinian ring S in order that the ideal of S[t] consisting of polynomials that vanish on S should be principal. Our results correct an error in a paper of Niven and Warren. Let R be a commutative unitary ring. If f(t) = =o0 a3tj E R[t], then f induces a polynomial function Tf of R into R defined by Tf(r) = Z O ajrj. The map f -* Tf is a surjective homomorphism of R[t] onto the ring P(R) of all polynomial functions of R into R. Following Narkiewicz [N, p. 1], we denote by IR the kernel of this map. Thus IR = {f E R[t] I Tf = 0}; IR is called the ideal of polynomials that vanish on R. In [NW], Niven and Warren determine a set of generators for IR in the case where R = Z/mZ is the ring of integers modulo m, and for this ring they use the notation 1(m) instead of IR. Exercise 1, page 10, of [N] states that 1(m) is principal if and only if m is prime; this repeats the content of Theorem 4 of [NW]. However, that result is false, with the correct statement being that 1(m) is principal if and only if m is square-free. This note corrects the error in [NW] by showing that, for a finite ring R, the ideal IR is principal if and only if R is reduced or, equivalently, if and only if R is a direct sum of fields. We begin with a basic lemma. Lemma 1. If e is an idempotent of the commutative unitary ring R, the epimorphism (q: R[x] -+ Re[x] defined by q(f(x)) = ef(x) maps IR onto IReProof. The inclusion 44(IR) C IRe is clear. To prove the converse we show that IRe C IR; this suffices since b induces the identity map on Re[x]. Thus, take g E IRe* Since g(0) = 0, g = ex * h for some h E Re[x], and hence g vanishes on R(1 e). Because g vanishes on Re and R = Re (D R(1 e), it follows that 9 E I . Corollary 2. If R = R1 ... (D Rn is the direct sum of ideals Ri,..., Rn of R, then R[x] = EC,=1 DRj [x] and IR = E=n1 EDIRj . Theref re IR i principal as an ideal of R[x] if and only if each IRj is principal as an ideal of Rj [x]. I S is an Artinian ring, it is well-k own that S is a finite direct sum of zerodimensional local rings [ZS, Theorem 3, p. 205]. Hence Corollary 2 shows that in Received by the editors June 10, 1997 and, in revised form, August 6, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Prima y 13B25; Secondary 13E 0.
Linear Electrode Depth Estimation in Rat Motor Cortex by Laminar Analysis of Ketamine-Xylazine-Induced Oscillations

While the development of silicon-substrate microelectrode arrays has enabled chronic recording of single unit activity from multiple neurons simultaneously, accurate interpretation of the signals depend on the anatomical placement of the electrodes. Toward this end, this paper develops an in vivo method for identifying the placement of electrodes based on laminar analysis of ketamine-xylazien-induced field potential oscillations in rat motor cortex. The proposed method is based on finding the polarity reversal in laminar oscillations which is reported to appear in upper part of layer V in laminar High Voltage Spindles (HVSs) of rat cortical column. Analysis of histological images showed a 21 mum error in the estimate of the polarity reversal depth compared to the expected range (850-1050 mum). One out of the four rats did not undergo a phase reversal. Histology verified that the electrode was placed deeper than 1050 jim. We propose that this method can be used to determine an estimate of laminar electrodes implanted in rat motor cortex
Error-resilient low-power Viterbi decoders via state clustering

Low-power Viterbi decoder (VD) architectures based on the principle of error-resiliency are presented in this paper. Power reduction in the add-compare-select units (ACSUs) of a VD is achieved by either overscaling the supply voltage (voltage overscaling (VOS)) or designing at the nominal process corner and supply voltage (average-case design). In either case, the data-dependent timing errors which occur whenever a critical path is excited, are corrected via the application of algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT). The concept of state clustering is employed to develop efficient estimators for error-correction. Power savings achieved in the presence of VOS and process variations are 71% and 62%, respectively, at a loss of 0.8 dB and 0.6 dB in coding gain in a IBM 130 nm CMOS process.
Digital documents in organizational communities of practice: a first look

Digital documents are a frequent part of everyday work in business and government of which we know little. Using Wegner's (1998) community of practice (COP) lens, two cases of ad hoc digital document interactions in organizations are presented and analyzed. Digital documents are found to play roles as objects of practice, reifications of practice, and boundary objects; indeed, one document may take on all of these roles. Documents-digital or otherwise-are important for accomplishing, coordinating, and learning in today's complex, knowledge-based work. COPs prove useful for studying these technologically-dependent phenomena, while their dependence on an opaque infrastructure becomes most visible when that infrastructure fails. Providing document-supportive information technology is complicated by the need to respond to a technology of practice experiencing an independent trajectory of development. Further, linkages between COPs such as boundary practices highlight the complex organizational work (digital) documents are called on to perform.
Face Discrimination Skills in Prader-Willi Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) are at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including socialization problems. The PWS chromosome 15q11-13 maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) subtype displays greater ASD symptoms than the paternal deletion (DEL) subtype. Since interpreting faces leads to successful socialization, we compared face discrimination in PWS with ASD to explore the socialization characteristics of these disorders. Although face processing impairment in ASD is well documented, PWS face processing research is limited. Forty-four PWS participants (14 DEL and 19 mUPD) and 17 participants with ASD were measured on face discrimination. PWS and ASD participants scored in the impaired functioning range. For primary findings, DEL and mUPD PWS genetic subtype groups did not differ. These findings suggest PWS individuals, regardless of subtype, show impaired face processing similar to ASD. This research highlights the need for additional research on social cognitive functioning in PWS to und...
In-Vitro and In-Vivo Trans-Scalp Evaluation of an Intracranial Pressure Implant at 2.4 GHz

Elevation of intracranial pressure is one of the most important issues in neurosurgery and neurology in clinical practice. The prevalent techniques for measuring intracranial pressure require equipments that are wired, restricted to a hospital environment, and cause patient discomfort. A novel method for measuring the intracranial pressure is described. A wireless completely implantable device, operating at an industrial-scientific-medical band of 2.4 GHz, has been developed and tested. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluations are described to demonstrate the feasibility of microwave pressure monitoring through scalp, device integrity over a long period of time, and repeatability of pressure measurements. A distinction between an epidural and sub-dural pressure monitoring techniques is also described. Histo-pathological results obtained upon a long-term device implantation favor the utilization of the sub-dural pressure monitoring method. On the other hand, in-vivo studies illustrate a maximum pressure reading error of 0.8 mm middot Hg obtained for a sub-dural device with a capacitive microelectromechanical system sensor compared to 2 mm middot Hg obtained for an epidural device with a piezoresistive sensor.
A Coincidence of Interests: The Hyperpluralism of U.S. Food Aid Policy

The basis for support of U.S. food aid policy is its ability to simultaneously fullfill a number of seemingly contradictory interests. Building on the “policy subsystem” literature, I argue that food aid policy selection is a function of its ability to satisfy multiple, coincidental interests. The food aid program is an example of a program that concurrently satisfies domestic agricultural constituencies and international foreign policy objectives. In addition, the humanitarian rhetoric of food aid is used to improve the political standing of the program both at home and overseas. These objectives are complementary, not mutually exclusive. The Departments of Agriculture and State cooperate in shaping a food aid program that simultaneously targets domestic and international objectives. As the theory of hyperpluralism predicts, however, the multiple interests and complex objectives of food aid ultimately undermine its ability to meet domestic agriculture, foreign policy, and humanitarian goals.
Group Style Differences Between Virtual and F2F Teams

Face‐to‐face (F2F) teams form and function differently than computer‐mediated (virtual) teams. The social processes associated with effective team work are different in F2F and virtual teams. These differences affect the ability of groups of people to successfully form a team that can function effectively. This study found that computer‐mediated teams differ significantly from F2F teams along important group style dimensions as measured by the Group Style Inventory (GSI).
Mitral Valve Tenting Index for Assessment of Subvalvular Remodeling

Background Ischemic mitral regurgitation results from a variable combination of annular dilatation and remodeling of the subvalvular apparatus. Current surgical techniques effectively treat annular dilatation, but methods for addressing subvalvular remodeling have not been standardized. An effective technique for determining the extent of subvalvular remodeling could improve surgical results by identifying patients who are unlikely to benefit from annuloplasty alone. Methods A well-characterized ovine model of ischemic mitral regurgitation was used. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography was performed on each animal at baseline and at 1 hour and 8 weeks after infarction. Multiple valvular geometric measurements were calculated at each time point. Results Immediate and long-term changes in mitral valvular geometry were observed. Annular height–to–commissural width ratio decreased from 20.0% ± 1.6% to 11.2% ± 0.9% 1 hour after infarction ( p p 2 to 9.2 ± 0.4 cm 2 ( p 2 ( p 2 to 58.6 ± 4.2 mm 2 ( p 2 ( p 3 to 828.6 ± 102.4 mm 3 ( p = 0.050) and then to 1530.5 ± 97.8 mm 3 ( p p > 0.05) and then to 1.46 ± 0.08 mm ( p Conclusions We have described a technique that uses real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to perform a comprehensive assessment of leaflet tethering on the entire mitral valve. Our methodology is not influenced by viewing plane selection, regional tenting asymmetry, or annular dilatation and therefore represents a potentially useful, clinically relevant, and consistent measure of subvalvular remodeling.
Trigonometric widths of classes of periodic functions of many variables

We obtain exact-order estimates for the trigonometric widths of the classes $ B_{{p,\theta}}^{\varOmega } $ of periodic functions of many variables in the space L q for some relationships between the parameters p and q.
Safe Infant Sleep Recommendations on the Internet: Let's Google It

Objectives To determine the accuracy of information on infant sleep safety on the Internet using Google. We hypothesized that the majority of Web sites would accurately reflect the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for infant sleep safety. Study design We searched for advice using 13 key phrases and analyzed the first 100 Web sites for each phrase. Web sites were categorized by type and assessed for accuracy of information provided, based on AAP recommendations. The accuracy of information was classified as “accurate,” “inaccurate,” or “not relevant.” Results Overall, 43.5% of the 1300 Web sites provided accurate information, 28.1% provided inaccurate information, and 28.4% were not relevant. The search terms “infant cigarette smoking,” “infant sleep position,” and “infant sleep surface” yielded the highest percentage of Web sites with accurate information. “Pacifier infant,” “infant home monitors,” and “infant co-sleeping” produced the lowest percentage of Web sites with accurate information. Government Web sites had the highest rate of accuracy; blogs, the lowest. Conclusion The Internet contains much information about infant sleep safety that is inconsistent with AAP recommendations. Health care providers should realize the extent to which parents may turn to the Internet for information about infant sleep safety.
Mechanical and chemical root preparation in vitro: efficiency of plaque and calculus removal.

The aim of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of several different methods of root instrumentation by measuring and comparing the amount of residual stained material following treatment. Also, 2 different methods of quantitating residual stained material were compared. A total of 90 periodontally-involved teeth were extracted and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatment groups or to the untreated control group. Experimental treatments consisted of one or a combination of the following: Columbia 13-14 curet, P-10 ultrasonic instrument, diamond-coated P-10 ultrasonic instrument, or antiformin/citric acid chemical treatment. Selected samples were examined using light microscopy in order to determine the amount of cementum removed during root instrumentation. Residual stained material was quantitated using a method of grid-square analysis as well as by the use of photographs and a digitizing tablet. Following instrumentation, it was noted in histologic sections that the complete removal of cemen...
Multichannel spectrum sensing via multivariate power spectrum analysis

Recently several time-domain approaches relying on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) paradigm have been proposed for multiple antenna spectrum sensing in cognitive radios. These approaches are suitable for flat-fading channels in white noise with equal noise variances across antennas; knowledge of the noise variance is not required, unlike the energy detector. In this paper we investigate a method based on analysis of the multivariate power spectral density (PSD) of the received multiantenna signal. Our proposed approach is also based on GLRT, but exploits the noisy signal PSD which is allowed to be colored with unknown PSD but must be uncorrelated across sensors under the null hypothesis (PU signal absent). An analytical method for calculation of the test threshold is provided and illustrated via simulations.
Levels of Leadership: Effects of District and School Leaders on the Quality of School Programs of Family and Community Involvement

Purpose: This study tests key constructs of sociocultural and organizational learning theories with quantitative methods to better understand the nature and impact of district and school leadership and actions on the quality of programs of family and community involvement. Research Design: Survey data from a “nested” sample of 24 districts and 407 schools are used to measure theoretical constructs of district assistance to schools and shared work on partnership program development. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses explore the independent and simultaneous contributions of district leadership and school teamwork on the implementation of basic structures and advanced outreach in partnership programs. Also, gap analyses compare supplementary data from 220 schools that had consistent district leadership for 3 years to 106 schools without this support. Findings: HLM analyses show that principals’ support for family and community involvement and schools’ reports of district assistance contribute signi...
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY AMONG CHILDREN

The deteriorating economic well-being of children portends less well-adjusted adults and a diminished economic future for America. A disproportionate share of today's poor children will become tomorrow's poor adults. This chapter discusses the concept, definition, and measurement of children's economic well-being and poverty. Children's current economic well-being is evaluated in comparative perspective—international, historical, and demographic. The chapter also evaluates the etiology of changes in children's absolute and relative economic well-being, focusing especially on the role of the changing family, parental employment, and levels of social provision for poor families. These “causes” are then evaluated in the context of recent public policy debates, including the devolution of federal welfare programs to the states.
Permeability of WIPP Salt During Damage Evolution and Healing

The presence of damage in the form of microcracks can increase the permeability of salt. In this paper, an analytical formulation of the permeability of damaged rock salt is presented for both initially intact and porous conditions. The analysis shows that permeability is related to the connected (i.e., gas accessible) volumetric strain and porosity according to two different power-laws, which may be summed to give the overall behavior of a porous salt with damage. This relationship was incorporated into a constitutive model, known as the Multimechanism Deformation Coupled Fracture (MDCF) model, which has been formulated to describe the inelastic flow behavior of rock salt due to coupled creep, damage, and healing. The extended model was used to calculate the permeability of rock salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site under conditions where damage evolved with stress over a time period. Permeability changes resulting from both damage development under deviatoric stresses and damage healing under hydrostatic pressures were considered. The calculated results were compared against experimental data from the literature, which indicated that permeability in damaged intact WIPP salt depends on the magnitude of the gas accessible volumetric strain and not on the total volumetric strain. Consequently, the permeability of WIPP salt is significantly affected by the kinetics of crack closure, but shows little dependence on the kinetics of crack removal by sintering.
A human gene coding for a membrane-associated nucleic acid-binding protein

Studies to clone a cell-surface DNA-binding protein involved in the binding and internalization of extracellular DNA have led to the isolation of a gene for a membrane-associated nucleic acid-binding protein (MNAB). The full-length cDNA is 4.3 kilobases with an open reading frame of 3576 base pairs encoding a protein of approximately 130 kDa (GenBank accession numbers and ). The MNAB gene is on human chromosome 9 with wide expression in normal tissues and tumor cells. A C3HC4 RING finger and a CCCH zinc finger have been identified in the amino-terminal half of the protein. MNAB bound DNA (K(D) approximately 4 nm) and mutagenesis of a single conserved amino acid in the zinc finger reduced DNA binding by 50%. A potential transmembrane domain exists near the carboxyl terminus. Antibodies against the amino-terminal half of the protein immunoprecipitated a protein of molecular mass approximately 150 kDa and reacted with cell surfaces. The MNAB protein is membrane-associated and primarily localized to the perinuclear space, probably to the endoplasmic reticulum or trans-Golgi network. Characterization of the MNAB protein as a cell-surface DNA-binding protein, critical in binding and internalization of extracellular DNA, awaits confirmation of its localization to cell surfaces.
Morrison v. National Australia Bank and the Securities Act of 1933

With its 2010 decision in Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd. (“Morrison”), the Supreme Court swept aside decades of lower court precedent governing the adjudication of cases involving alleged transnational securities fraud in United States courts. The Court in Morrison sought to clarify when relief under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is available to plaintiffs in securities cases with cross-border aspects. But Morrison’s repercussions are more far-reaching, extending to other securities-related statutes and even into other areas of law. This paper examines Morrison’s relationship with and application to the Securities Act of 1933 and the federal regulatory scheme it imposed. Part I reviews the Court’s decision in Morrison, summarizes subsequent interpretations by the lower courts of Morrison’s new transactional test for determining whether a plaintiff in a transnational securities fraud case can bring a Section 10(b) claim, and touches on Congress’ partial (and arguably ineffective) attempt to overrule Morrison legislatively. Part II discusses dicta in Morrison concerning the Securities Act, the implication of which is that the same transactional test should apply to claims brought under the Securities Act; this implication, it is argued, rests on a selective and misleading reading of the Securities Act. Part III reviews decisions in private and enforcement actions applying Morrison to Securities Act claims. Part IV takes an in-depth look at Morrison in relation to Section 12 of the Securities Act, contending that the courts have not applied Morrison to this provision correctly (probably leading to erroneous outcomes in at least some cases), but also challenging whether Morrison’s transactional test undermines the fundamental investor protection function of the Securities Act. Finally, Part V explains why Regulation S, a safe harbor from registration with the SEC for offshore offers and sales of securities, remains valid after Morrison, despite some commentators’ views to the contrary.
Review: Teaching Naked by José Antonio Bowen

This article is a review of the book Teaching Naked: How Moving Technology Out of Your College Classroom Will Improve Student Learning by Jose Antonio Bowen, with particular attention to its applications towards language instruction classrooms. Split into three sections, the book presents new technology that has recently become available, how to use it with special attention toward a flipped-classroom model, and finally some persuasive arguments for the inclusion of technologically-flipped classrooms in higher education (particularly American universities) written for an audience of administrators and policy makers. After a brief introduction section, I intend to critically examine each section, and close the paper with a discussion on the potential benefits and complications when applying this approach toward SLA and language classrooms. DOI: 10.2458/azu_itet_v2i2_larson
Firearm injuries in the United States

Objective This paper examines the epidemiology of fatal and nonfatal firearm violence in the United States. Trends over two decades in homicide, assault, self-directed and unintentional firearm injuries are described along with current demographic characteristics of victimization and health impact.
The effect of chorionic villus sampling on the fraction of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma

AbstractObjective: This study aims to assess whether the fraction of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is different at 24 h or 7 days after chorionic villus sampling (CVS), compared to subjects that do not undergo CVS.Methods: Pregnant women undergoing CVS for genetic testing and matched subjects undergoing first trimester combined screening alone were enrolled between 110/7 and 136/7 weeks gestation. The fractions of cffDNA were compared before the procedure, 24 h after and 7 days after between CVS patients and ultrasound-only patients.Results: Forty-five women underwent CVS and 45 had ultrasound alone. The women undergoing CVS were, on average, older (36.8 years versus 28.5 years, p=0.001) and had a higher baseline fraction of cffDNA than women in the comparison group (11.4% versus 9.8%, p=0.033). Both groups had a decrease in the mean fraction of cffDNA after 24 h. After 7 days, the trend of the mean fraction of cffDNA continued to decline in the CVS group but began to trend toward an increase in the ultras...
A Structured Distributional Semantic Model for Event Co-reference

In this paper we present a novel approach to modelling distributional semantics that represents meaning as distributions over relations in syntactic neighborhoods. We argue that our model approximates meaning in compositional configurations more effectively than standard distributional vectors or bag-of-words models. We test our hypothesis on the problem of judging event coreferentiality, which involves compositional interactions in the predicate-argument structure of sentences, and demonstrate that our model outperforms both state-of-the-art window-based word embeddings as well as simple approaches to compositional semantics previously employed in the literature.
Autoignition study of ULSD#2 and FD9A diesel blends

Abstract Autoignition study of two well-characterized reference diesel fuels with similar cetane ratings but different compositional characteristics has been conducted using a heated rapid compression machine (RCM). The two diesel blends used in the current study were a commercial grade ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) #2 reference fuel, ULSD#2, and Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) research diesel, FD9A. Ignition delay time measurements were conducted at compressed pressures of 10 bar, 15 bar, and 20 bar covering low-to-intermediate temperatures between 678 K and 938 K. In addition, experiments were carried out with diesel/O2/N2 mixtures at varying equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.5, 0.69, and 1.02. Equivalence ratio was varied by changing the oxygen mole percentage while keeping the fuel mole percentage fixed at 0.514%. Therefore, the present ignition delay time measurements illustrate the effect of oxygen concentration on diesel autoignition. The experimental results showed that diesel blends with similar cetane ratings and different compositional makeups exhibited varying ignition propensities in different temperature regimes, thereby demonstrating the effect of molecular composition on autoignition characteristics. In particular, the difference in ignition propensities was observed at temperatures at which the low temperature branching reactions are active. Furthermore, the ignition delay time measurements from the current RCM study were found to complement well with the existing shock tube data in the literature, and hence this investigation provides additional experimental database of diesel blends needed for development and validation of diesel surrogate models.
Mössbauer studies of EFG of the different 57 Fe( 57 Co)-Oxygen configurations in oriented Y−Ba−Cu−O

We have determined the various parameters of the electric field gradient (EFG) for different Fe-oxygen configurations. This was achieved by analyses of a variety of spectra using a procedure which allows fitting of all spectra of oriented 1-2-3 compounds obtained at different tilt angles β simultaneously, taking into account the degree of texture. The use of a point charge model is invalidated because of the high degree of estimated covalence. The Mossbauer parameters are rationalized. The absence of any observed anisotropy of the mean square displacement of the dopant at the Cu(1) site is rather intriguing.
A simple planimetric method for determination of left ventricular mass and necrotic myocardial mass in postmortem hearts.

Boor, Paul J., and Reynolds, Edward S.: A simple planimetric method for determination of left ventricular mass and necrotic myocardial mass in postmortem hearts. An efficient means of quantitating total left ventricular mass and myocardial infarct mass in postmortem hearts was developed and tested. The method is based on a geometric model that assumes the left ventricle to be a hollow cone. Cross-sectional areas of left ventricle, ventricular cavity, and necrotic myocardium measured planimetrically from photographs of consecutive slices of heart are utilized to calculate total left ventricular mass and necrotic myocardial mass. Evaluation of the method in 22 fresh calf hearts with areas of simulated necrosis showed close correlation between actual weight and calculated total myocardial mass (r = 0.97) and simulated necrotic mass (r = 0.99). Similar correlation was found when the method was applied to the human heart in necropsies of eight patients (four of whom had had myocardial infarction clinically) and results were compared with weights obtained by dissection. In hearts from ten patients with myocardial infarction, necropsy measurements by these technics correlated well with maximum serum creatine phosphokinase elevations (r = 0.86). This method provides accurate and efficient sizing of human myocardial infarction, and enables the observer to make quantitative clinicopathologic judgements.
Bicarbonate-dependent superoxide release and pulmonary artery tone

Pulmonary vasoconstriction is influenced by inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) with extracellular superoxide (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepacka...
The safety of same-day discharge after laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objective To determine factors influencing discharge patterns after laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer and to evaluate the safety of same-day discharge during the 30-day postoperative period. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project's database, patients who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer from 2010 to 2014 were identified and categorized by their hospital length of stay. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the relationship between hospital stay and demographics, medical comorbidities, intraoperative surgical factors and postoperative outcomes. Results A total of 9020 patients had laparoscopic hysterectomies for endometrial cancer and of these, 729 patients (8.1%) were successfully discharged on the day of surgery. These patients were younger and had lower body mass indexes and fewer medical comorbidities than patients who were admitted after their procedure. The same-day discharge group underwent surgical procedures of less complexity than the hospital admission group based on shorter operative times and fewer relative value units (RVUs). There was a lower rate of surgical site infections in the same-day discharge group, and no difference in rates of other postoperative complications including hospital readmissions and reoperations. Conclusions Rates of laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer are gradually increasing but the rates of same-day discharge have increased at a much slower rate. Same-day discharge has been successful despite differences in preoperative demographics, medical comorbidities and intraoperative surgical complexity. Overall postoperative complication rates were equivalent despite length of hospital stay, demonstrating the safety and feasibility of same-day discharge after laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer.
Nonlinear Differential Equations

This chapter discusses differential equations and nonlinear equations. Except for a few special cases, there is no systematic theory of solutions of nonlinear equations by quadratures or by a finite mathematical construction. The ultimate aim in studying differentiable equations does not consist only of finding local solutions in a neighborhood of a point or even in a given interval but also of finding a complete characterization of the global behavior of the family of solutions. This is possible even for equations that cannot be readily represented by explicit formulas. This problem is still not completely solved until present. Even in the case of simple linear equations with constant coefficients, this problem is nontrivial and of great help in obtaining a better insight into the nature of differential equations. A different aspect of the global behavior of solutions of differential equations is their relative position to one another or their stability that plays an important part in applications.
Prehospital Lactate Measurement by Emergency Medical Services in Patients Meeting Sepsis Criteria.

Author(s): Boland, MPH, Lori L.; Hokanson, MD, Jonathan S.; Fernstrom, MPH, Karl M.; Kinzy, MS, Tyler G.; Lick, MD, Charles J.; Satterlee, MD, Paul A.; LaCroix, EMT-P, Brian K. | Abstract: Introduction: We aimed to pilot test the delivery of sepsis education to emergency medical services (EMS) providers and the feasibility of equipping them with temporal artery thermometers (TATs) and handheld lactate meters to aid in the prehospital recognition of sepsis. Methods: This study used a convenience sample of prehospital patients meeting established criteria for sepsis. Paramedics received education on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, were trained in the use of TATs and hand-held lactate meters, and enrolled patients who had a recent history of infection, met ≥ 2 SIRS criteria, and were being transported to a participating hospital. Blood lactate was measured by paramedics in the prehospital setting and again in the emergency department (ED) via usual care. Paramedics entered data using an online database accessible at the point of care. Results: Prehospital lactate values obtained by paramedics ranged from 0.8 to 9.8 mmol/L, and an elevated lactate (i.e. ≥ 4.0) was documented in 13 of 112 enrolled patients (12%). The unadjusted correlation of prehospital and ED lactate values was 0.57 (pl 0.001). The median interval between paramedic assessment of blood lactate and the electronic posting of the ED-measured lactate value in the hospital record was 111 minutes. Overall, 91 patients (81%) were hospitalized after ED evaluation, 27 (24%) were ultimately diagnosed with sepsis, and 3 (3%) died during hospitalization. Subjects with elevated prehospital lactate were somewhat more likely to have been admitted to the intensive care unit (23% vs 15%) and to have been diagnosed with sepsis (38% vs 22%) than those with normal lactate levels, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In this pilot, EMS use of a combination of objective SIRS criteria, subjective assessment of infection, and blood lactate measurements did not achieve a level of diagnostic accuracy for sepsis that would warrant hospital prenotification and committed resources at a receiving hospital based on EMS assessment alone. Nevertheless, this work provides an early model for increasing EMS awareness and the implementation of novel devices that may enhance the prehospital assessment for sepsis. Additional translational research studies with larger numbers of patients and more robust methods are needed. [West J Emerg Med. 2016;17(5)648-655.]
Future Research Directions on Work and the Transition to Motherhood

A multipronged approach is proposed within this concluding chapter in order to propel research on work and the transition to motherhood. Specifically, the continued application of interdisciplinary approaches, the utilization of value and identity based theoretical frameworks, a stronger focus on long-term cost calculations, further intervention research, an emphasis on influential demographic differences, and additional cross-cultural research form crucial steps towards advancing research on the work-motherhood interface. Leveraging these inter-related approaches will allow scholars to promote individual and family well-being at the intersection of work and transition to motherhood, while defining practically and theoretically meaningful research questions that can inform public policy and management practice.
24 Urine concentrations of nephrin, podocalyxin, NGAL, and KIM-1 could serve as biomarkers to evaluate kidney function in pregnancy and postpartum kidney injury recovery in preeclampsia

Introduction Glomerular podocyte and podocyte glycoprotein shedding have emerged as a significant kidney lesion in preeclampsia (PE). Objective To determine if podocyte glycoprotein nephrin and podocalyxin, and tubular injury biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) could serve as biomarkers to evaluate kidney injury and postpartum kidney functional recovery in PE. Methods Urine specimen was collected from 88 pregnant women (28 normal pregnancy, 15 complicated with chronic hypertension (CHT), 11 mild PE, and 34 severe PE). Among the study subjects, urine specimens were also obtained from 11 normal and 9 severe PE pregnancies 6–8 weeks after delivery. Urine concentrations of nephrin, podocalyxin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), NGAL, KIM-1, and creatinine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Creatinine concentration was used to normalize urine levels of testing biomarkers for each sample. ANOVA and paired t -test were used for statistical analysis. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson r) was used to analyze the correlation of urine biomarkers with the urine proteinuria-to-creatinine ratio in severe PE. A p value of Results (1) Urine levels of nephrin, podocalyxin, sVCAM-1, NGAL, and KIM-1 were significantly higher in severe PE than in normal pregnant women before delivery, p p p Conclusions Nephrin and podocalyxin are podocyte glycoproteins. Increased nephrin and/or podocalyxin shedding are indicators of podocyte injury. sVCAM could be released from dysfunctioned glomerular endothelial cells or leaked from maternal plasma through the glomerular basement barrier. NGAL and KIM-1 are considered biomarkers of both acute or chronic kidney tubular injury. Thus, our results suggest that not only podocyte injury, but also tubular dysfunction occur in severe PE. Reduced shedding of these biomarkers in severe PE after delivery is an indicator of kidney function recovery in PE. Therefore, our data suggest that these urine biomarkers could serve as biomarkers to assess kidney injury during pregnancy and to evaluate postpartum kidney functional recovery in PE and pregnancy-associated kidney disorders.
A Note on Rabin''s Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm

Rabin has proposed a probabilistic algorithm for finding the closest pair of a set of points in Euclidean space. His algorithm is asymtomatically linear whereas the best of the known deterministic algorithms take order $n \log n$ time. We show that at least part of the speed up is due to the model rather than the probabilistic nature of the algorithm.
us Colonial Governance of Superstition and Fanaticism in the Philippines

This article examines how US colonial officials understood and utilized the categories of superstition, fanaticism, and religion during the occupation of the Philippines in the early twentieth century. I adapt Jason Josephson-Storm’s model of the trinary to explore the colonial politics of these categories. I focus on ideas about Filipino supernatural charms, typically referred to as anting anting . Civil administrators like ethnologist Dean Worcester and officers of the Philippine Constabulary blamed these charms for superstitious credulity and fanatical resistance against US rule. As such, beliefs, practices, and communities categorized as superstitious or fanatical were targeted strategically for reformation or elimination. I argue that ideas about superstition, religion, and fanaticism were key parts of US war and policy, often serving racial projects of governance. Pursuing this line of inquiry allows scholars to see the material stakes of the category of religion and its proximate others.
Fc-specific suppressor T cells.

BALB/c mice bearing IgA-secreting plasmacytomas exhibit large numbers of Thy-1+, Ly-2+ lymphocytes with surface membrane receptors specific for IgA (Ta cells) (1). These lymphocytes have several characteristics of immunoregulatory T cells (2) and develop in response to the high circulating levels of polymeric IgA as evidenced by: a) their failure to develop in mice bearing IgA non-secreting variant plasmacytomas (1) and (b) their occurrence in normal mice infused daily with high concentrations of polymeric IgA (3). When suppressor Ta cells were transferred to orallyimmunized mice the recipient mice exhibited a marked suppression of the IgA component, but not the IgM or IgG components, of an immune response to an orally administered antigen (4). These findings identify an immunoregulatory circuit in which IgA secreting cells are simultaneously effector cells and regulatory cells. Secreted IgA antibody, in addition to its antigen-specific effector function, can provide an inductive signal for the IgA-binding suppressor T cells which in turn can inhibit further IgA secretion. Enhanced expression of IgA receptors on suppressor T cells requires polymeric forms of IgA which suggests that IgA-Fc receptor cross-linking is a necessary step in the induction process. Under physiological conditions it may be that receptor crosslinking is mediated by the polyvalent arrays of Fc determinants that occur in immune complexes.
Abstract 07: Associations of Weight Gain From Early to Middle Adulthood With Major Health Outcomes in Later Life

Background: The association of weight gain from early to middle adulthood with a wide range of health outcomes later in life has not been systematically examined. Methods: We included 93,873 women ...
Pathogenesis of and Immunity to Coxiella burnetii

Q fever was discovered in both Australia and in the United States prior to the outbreak of World War II. In Australia, the disease was common in abattoir workers and farm workers (1) and persists today as an occupational problem (2). The first described case in the United States was a lab infection caused by the “Nine Mile” agent (3). This zoonotic disease is nearly worldwide in distribution. The etiological agent Coxiella burnetii has a surprisingly broad host range. Humans usually contract the disease by the inhalation of barnyard dust contaminated by dried ruminant parturition products or urine. Transmission can also occur by the ingestion of unpasteurized milk or cheese. The medical and veterinary concern for Q fever emanates from two syndromes. First, acute disease often presents with signs that overlap those seen in atypical pneumonia and, therefore, must be considered in the differential diagnosis when a history of animal contact can concomitantly be established with those signs. Second, some forms of the chronic disease are among the most difficult to treat of all human infectious diseases and, therefore, become life-threatening.