cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embedded single phase microfluidic thermal management for non-uniform heating and hotspots using microgaps with variable pin fin clustering

Abstract The presence of variable heat fluxes, such as localized hotspots in integrated circuit (IC) architectures poses a key challenge for thermal management of existing (2D) and emerging three-dimensionally (3D) stacked chips. The use of conventional microchannel or uniform pin fin arrays for microfluidic cooling do not provide adequate surface area for heat transfer in the vicinity of regions of concentrated high power (hotspots), and therefore significant temperature gradients might arise in such zones. In the present investigation, the concept of using a single microfluidic loop for the combined and efficient cooling of hotspot and moderate power (background) areas is proposed, experimentally demonstrated, and supported by a comprehensive numerical model. Two different thermal device vehicles (TDVs) are considered for a range of operating conditions, in which the surface area is locally increased by clustering a dense array of pin fins in the hotspot region for one configuration, while for the other the clustering is uniform in the spanwise direction. De-ionized (DI) water is used as the coolant through a silicon (Si) microgap with 200 μm spacing; the hotspot heat flux is varied from 250 to 750 W/cm 2 , while the background heat flux is fixed at 250 W/cm 2 . Results indicate the capability of the proposed designs to keep the maximum temperature of the combined device below 65 °C for an inlet water temperature of 21.3 °C, with moderate temperature gradients and pressure drop. In addition, a robust computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD–HT) model capable of predicting spatially resolved temperature fields arising from heterogeneous heating is validated with relevant experimental data. Detailed benchmark simulations are provided, so they can be reproduced and used for reference in numerical studies with variable pin fin densities. The described methodology represents a cost-effective thermal modeling technique that may be applicable to virtually any type of heat flux distribution or power map, and IC architecture.
Yeast Models of Diamond Blackfan Anemia and Shwachman Diamond Syndrome Differ in Their Effect on the Synthesis and Function of Ribosomal Subunits.

Nucleolar stress is a frequently invoked mechanism used to describe the pro-apoptotic phenotype of cells affected in human diseases linked to abnormalities of the ribosome. However, the diversity of clinical phenotypes observed in these diseases suggests that there may be different types of nucleolar and/or translational stress that stimulate cell death pathways by alternative mechanisms. We have studied yeast models of Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) and Shwachman Diamond syndrome (SDS), two inherited bone marrow failure syndromes linked to defects in ribosome synthesis and/or function, to determine potential underlying molecular mechanisms that distinguish these disease models. To date, all genes identified in DBA encode ribosomal proteins. In contrast, SBDS , the gene affected in SDS encodes a protein that associates with 60S subunits, but is not considered a structural component of the ribosome. We have analyzed the translational capacity of cells harboring mutations in RPL33A and SDO1 , yeast orthologs of genes affected in DBA and SDS, respectively. Polysome profiles from cells depleted of Rpl33A have a decrease in the amount of free 60S subunits and the presence of half-mer polysomes, as expected for an essential structural component of the 60S subunit. Polysome profiles from cells depleted of Sdo1 also had half-mer polysomes, but in this case there were significant amounts of free 60S subunits evident. Analysis of the intracellular distribution of 60S subunits by fluorescence microscopy revealed significant differences between the two disease models. In the DBA model, there was no evidence of accumulation of incompletely assembled subunits in the nucleolus indicating that rapid degradation. In contrast, in the SDS model there was significant accumulation of 60S subunits in the nucleoplasm. Thus, the two disease models interfere with the biogenesis of 60S subunits through distinct mechanisms. To determine if these mechanistic differences influence protein synthesis, we analyzed the patterns of proteins synthesized in these two disease models. We found that the expression of the 20S replicon was induced in both models, a sign of general translational stress. However, the two models also showed distinct differences in the synthesis of certain proteins. Thus, the mechanisms by which reductions of Rpl33A or Sdo1 influence levels of functional 60S subunits have differential effects on the patterns of proteins synthesized within cells Together these data indicate that the ribosome-based diseases may result from a composite of effects that include both nucleolar stress mechanisms and changes in translational output. The distinct clinical phenotypes observed in these disorders may result from differences in the relative contributions of either of these two mechanisms.
Entre los ‘hierros del culteranismo’ y unos ‘poetas satíricos populares y democráticos’: Ricardo Palma, Juan del Valle Caviedes y la invención de la nación peruana*

AbstractEstas paginas analizan las dos ediciones (1873, 1899) de la obra de Juan del Valle Caviedes (s. XVII) preparadas por Ricardo Palma (1833–1919) como una fragmentaria historia literaria peruana en la que, siguiendo la propuesta inicial del argentino Juan Maria Gutierrez (1809–1878), Palma interpreta la literatura colonial peruana como un campo de produccion cultural donde se enfrentan un ‘gongorismo’ hegemonico e imperial, y un ‘quevedismo’ satirico anti-hegemonico y democratico. Si bien inicialmente Palma construye esta tradicion satirica supuestamente ‘peruana’, que incluye a Caviedes, a fray Francisco del Castillo (siglo XVIII) y a Esteban de Terralla y Landa (siglo XVIII), para legitimar la obra de los costumbristas decimononicos en general y la suya propia en particular, a lo largo del siglo XX criticos literarios y sociologos naturalizan dicha tradicion satirica para asociarla con un ‘criollismo’ y una ‘viveza criolla’ que se transforman en esencias limenas e incluso ‘nacionales’. Este estudio...
Manothermosonication (MTS) treatment of apple-carrot juice blend for inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7.

Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the responses of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 inoculated in an apple-carrot blended juice to manothermosonication (MTS) treatments. The MTS treatments were conducted in a continuous-flow MTS system. The juice samples were exposed to ultrasound treatment at combinations of three temperatures (60, 50 and 40 °C) and three pressure levels (100, 200, and 300 kPa) for five residence times (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 s). The results showed that higher treatment temperature (i.e. 60 °C) and hydrostatic pressure in the MTS system significantly enhanced the microbial reduction. A FDA mandated 5-log CFU/ml reduction of E. coli 0157:H7 for juice processing was achieved in 30 s for MTS treatment at 60 °C, in comparison to 60 s at 50 °C. The Weilbull and Log-logistic models provided the best fitting of the inactivation data for the MTS treatments. Extensive damage of E. coli 0157:H7 cells treated with MTS was observed on micro-images of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
A Population-Based Study of Sociodemographic and Geographic Variation in HPV Vaccination

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in the United States remain low and lag behind other recommended adolescent vaccines. Studies evaluating the association of geographic and area-level characteristics with HPV vaccination rates provide a valuable resource for public health planning.Method: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project data linkage system to ascertain HPV vaccination rates between 2010 and 2015 in a 7-county region of southern Minnesota. Geocoded individual patient data were spatially linked to socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey at the census block group level. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression was used to model incident vaccination rates, adjusting for individual- and area-level sociodemographic characteristics, and geolocation. Geolocation was modeled as an approximated Gaussian field using a Stochastic Partial Differential Equations approach. All models were estimated using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations.Results: In adjusted models, increasing age and female sex were associated with increased HPV vaccination. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with decreased rates of initiation [adjusted odds ratio (AOR); 95% confidence interval = 0.90 (0.86-0.95)], completion of the second dose [AOR = 0.88 (0.83-0.93)], and completion of the third dose [AOR = 0.85 (0.80-0.92)]. Geographic spatial analysis demonstrated increased odds of vaccination for the eastern region and in the greater Rochester metropolitan area, showing significant spatial variation not explained by individual level characteristics and ACS block group-level data.Conclusions: HPV vaccination rates varied geographically and by individual and geographically indexed sociodemographic characteristics.Impact: Identifying geographic regions with low HPV vaccination rates can help target clinical and community efforts to improve vaccination rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 533-40. ©2017 AACRSee all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences."
Kinetics, mechanism, and computational studies of sulfur and oxygen atom transfer reactions catalyzed by rhenium(V) dithiolate complexes

6 Introduction 7 Experimental Section 9 Computational Methods 9 Results 10 Discussion 18 Acknowledgement 21 References 21 Supporting Information 24 CHAPTER II. Nucleophilic and Chain Pathways for Oxygen Atom 37 Transfer Catalyzed by Methyl(dithiolate) Thiorhenium(V) Compound: Kinetics, Computations, and Modeling Abstract 37 Introduction 3837 Introduction 38 Experimental Section 39
Reduced internalization of TNF-ɑ/TNFR1 down-regulates caspase dependent phagocytosis induced cell death (PICD) in neonatal monocytes

Phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) is diminished in cord blood monocytes (CBMO) as compared to cells from adults (PBMO) due to differences in the CD95-pathway. This may support a prolonged pro-inflammatory response with sequels of sustained inflammation as seen in neonatal sepsis. Here we hypothesized that TNF-α mediated induction of apoptosis is impaired in CBMO due to differences in the TNFR1-dependent internalization. Monocytes were infected with Escherichia coli-GFP (E. coli-GFP). Monocyte phenotype, phagocytic activity, induction of apoptosis, and TNF-α/TNF-receptor (TNFR) -expression were analysed. In the course of infection TNF-α-secretion of CBMO was reduced to 40% as compared to PBMO (p<0.05). Neutralization of TNF-α by an αTNF-α antibody reduced apoptotic PICD in PBMO four-fold (p < 0.05 vs. infection with E. coli). PICD in CBMO was reduced 5-fold compared to PBMO and showed less responsiveness to αTNF-α antibody. CBMO expressed less pro-apoptotic TNFR1, which, after administration of TNF-α or infection with E. coli was internalized to a lesser extent. With similar phagocytic capacity, reduced TNFR1 internalization in CBMO was accompanied by lower activation of caspase-8 (p < 0.05 vs. PBMO). Stronger caspase-8 activation in PBMO caused more activation of effector caspase-3 and apoptosis (all p < 0.05 vs. PBMO). Our results demonstrate that TNFR1 internalization is critical in mediating PICD in monocytes after infection with E.coli and is reduced in CBMO.
A Regional and Multi-Regional Modeling Strategy

The regional modeling strategy chosen can be critical to the rate of progress in the development and application of regional (and multi-regional) models. While specific issues that should be considered as part of a strategy, such as specification (Klein, 1969), the concept of accuracy (Jensen, 1980), various model structures (Bolton, 1985), and the role of econometrics (Learner, 1983) have been discussed, little has been written about an overall strategy for advancing the science and application of regional modeling.
Correction to: Effects of a Contingency for Quiz Accuracy on Exam Scores

This article was updated with the correct version of Figure 1. Due to an error in production, an older version of Figure 1 was used; Springer regrets the error.
Punks, Monks and Politics: Authenticity in Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia, edited by Julian C. H. Lee and Marco Ferrarese

Early in the introduction, Julian C. H. Lee and Marco Ferrarese twice ask, ‘Why is authenticity sought after?’ (ix and xi). They promise to address (rather than answer) this question ‘by examining ...
Oxime Ligation via in situ Oxidation of N-Phenylglycinyl Peptides

Mild conditions for oxime ligations via in situ generation of α-imino amide intermediates are reported. The evaluation of a variety of N-terminal N-phenylglycine residues revealed that a metal-free, chemoselective oxidation was possible using oxygen as the only oxidant in buffer at pH 7.0. Moreover, selective unmasking of an inert residue by addition of potassium ferricyanide is demonstrated. These simple and mild conditions, which can be fine-tuned by the electronic properties of the N-phenylglycine residue, offer unique advantages over conventional approaches for oxime ligations.
Virtual Reality in Transition Program for Adults with Autism: Self-Efficacy, Confidence, and Interview Skills

Adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) are understudied within the literature, especially within the context of employment. Extant data, though limited, suggests competitive integrated employment rates which are significantly lower than nuerotypical individuals. Researchers have suggested that one factor related to these low employment rates are limited interview skills demonstrated by individuals with HFASD. Additionally, individuals with HFASD tend to report lower levels of self-confidence and self-efficacy (SE), within the context of their ability to successfully pass a job interview. Benefits of employment for those with HFASD include a sense of purpose, independence, and social interaction, all of which improve wellness. To address these needs, a Virtual Reality Job Interview Training Program (VR-JIT) was implemented in an adult transition program to improve job interview skills. As such, this exploratory study examined pre-post changes in participants’ SE and self-confidence specific to their perceived interview skills; VR-JIT was a viable method to improve confidence and skill with interviewing and may help improve vocational opportunities that are linked with wellness for those with HFASD.
Random Walks, a Good Place to Begin

In order to introduce as soon as possible some of the ideas that underlie the whole book, Chap. 1 provides an introduction of Bernoulli random walks in one and higher dimensions. Emphasis is placed on the calculation of passage times and the dependence of recurrence properties on dimension.
9.7 The Initiation of Sediment Motion and Formation of Armor Layers

The threshold of bedload motion is important for predictions of sediment transport rates, channel migration and stability, and for river restoration and structure design. For a given grain size, the dimensionless critical shear stress can vary significantly between rivers. Estimates of the reach-averaged critical shear stress are typically from competence, reference transport rate, or visual measurements. Each of these three methods includes inherent bias, which complicate comparisons between methods and the use of one reference critical Shields stress. Furthermore, the grain-size distribution influences the relative mobility of a given particle through hiding effects, which enhance the exposure and relative motion of coarse grains and reduce the mobility of finer sediment. Sediment motion is fundamentally controlled by the balance of forces acting on a grain and is partially influenced by the local particle arrangement (e.g., particle protrusion and friction angle). Turbulence fluctuations drive sediment motion and are generally approximated using distribution functions in stochastic predictions of particle motion. However, the exact turbulence parameters responsible for motion are still relatively uncertain. Despite the variability in sediment motion between streams, finer sediment is generally easier to move than coarser particles because of the effects of grain weight. Such selective transport of fine sediment is partially responsible for the formation of armor layers in many streams. Armor layers also largely result from a low upstream sediment supply relative to the transport capacity of the flow.
Noise Models for Ill-Posed Problems

The standard view of noise in ill-posed problems is that it is either deterministic and small (strongly bounded noise) or random and large (not necessarily small). Following Eggerment, LaRiccia and Nashed (2009), a new noise model is investigated, wherein the noise is weakly bounded. Roughly speaking, this means that local averages of the noise are small. A precise definition is given in a Hilbert space setting, and Tikhonov regularization of ill-posed problems with weakly bounded noise is analysed. The analysis unifies the treatment of “classical” ill-posed problems with strongly bounded noise with that of ill-posed problems with weakly bounded noise. Regularization parameter selection is discussed, and an example on numerical differentiation is presented.
Safety and effectiveness of direct acting antivirals for treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with solid organ transplantation

BACKGROUND The direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of greater than 90% in most patients. However, data evaluating DAA use in transplant patients are limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HCV treatment in this high-risk population. METHODOLOGY This single-center retrospective study included liver, kidney, lung, and/or heart transplant patients who were treated for HCV infection with DAAs. The primary objective was to identify drug-drug interactions between DAAs and immunosuppressants by comparing immunosuppression dosages and levels at baseline and week 4 of HCV treatment. As secondary objectives, we described the percentage of patients with new or worsening rejection and/or graft dysfunction during HCV treatment, and the percentage of study patients who achieved SVR. RESULTS Of the 108 patients included, the majority had liver (76%) or kidney (13%) transplants. Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir was the most commonly prescribed HCV treatment (33.9%) and tacrolimus was the most common immunosuppressant (91%). We did not detect a statistically significant difference in immunosuppression dosages or levels during HCV treatment. Furthermore, only one patient (<1%) experienced rejection and five patients (4.6%) had six episodes of graft dysfunction while on DAAs. Efficacy was high with 98% of patients achieving SVR. CONCLUSION DAAs appear to be safe and effective for HCV treatment in patients with a history of liver and/or kidney transplantation. More data are needed to evaluate DAAs in lung and/or heart transplant patients.
Integrating Online Learning and Adaptive Control in Queueing Systems with Uncertain Payoffs

We study task assignment in online service platforms where un-labeled clients arrive according to a stochastic process and each client brings a random number of tasks. As tasks are assigned to servers, they produce client/server-dependent random payoffs. The goal of the system operator is to maximize the expected payoff per unit time subject to the servers' capacity constraints. However, both the statistics of the dynamic client population and the client-specific payoff vectors are unknown to the operator. Thus, the operator must design task-assignment policies that integrate adaptive control (of the queueing system) with online learning (of the clients' payoff vectors). A key challenge in such integration is how to account for the nontrivial closed-loop interactions between the queueing process and the learning process, which may significantly degrade system performance. We propose a new utility-guided online learning and task assignment algorithm that seamlessly integrates learning with control to address such difficulty. Our analysis shows that, compared to an oracle that knows all client dynamics and payoff vectors beforehand, the gap of the expected payoff per unit time of our proposed algorithm in a finite $T$ horizon is bounded by $\beta_{1}/V+\beta_{2}\sqrt{\log N/N}+\beta_{3}N(V+1)/T$ , where $V$ is a tuning parameter of the algorithm, and $\beta_{1}, \beta_{2}, \beta_{3}$ only depend on arrival/service rates and the number of client classes/servers. Through simulations, we show that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms a myopic matching policy and a standard queue-length based policy that does not explicitly address the closed-loop interactions between queueing and learning.
Evidence for Downflows in the Narrow Plasma Sheet of 2017 September 10 and Their Significance for Flare Reconnection

This work was supported partly by a grant from NASA's Heliophysics Supporting Research (HSR) program and partly by a grant from NSF/AGS's Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program.
Adverse Childhood Experiences in Medical Students: Implications for Wellness.

The primary purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a cohort of third-year medical students and characterize their childhood protective factors. The authors developed a web-based anonymous survey distributed to all third-year medical students in one school (N = 98). The survey included the 10-item ACE Study questionnaire, a list of childhood protective factors (CPF) and questions to assess students’ perception of the impact of ACEs on their physical and mental health. The medical school’s IRB approved the student survey as an exempt study. The authors computed descriptive and comparative statistical analyses. Eighty-six of 98 students responded (88% response rate). Forty-four students (51%) reported at least one ACE exposure and 10 (12%) reported ≥ 4 exposures. The latter were all female. The average difference in the ACE score between male and female medical students was − 1.1 (independent t test with unequal variances t(57.7) = − 2.82, P = .007). Students with an ACE score of ≥ 4 were significantly more likely to report a moderate or significant effect on their mental health, compared with students with scores ≤ 3 (chi-square test, P = < .0001). Most students reported high levels of CPF (median score = 13 of a maximum score = 14). ACEs and CPF were inversely associated (Pearson correlation = − 0.32, P = .003). A sizeable minority of medical students reported exposure to multiple ACEs. If replicated, findings suggest a significant vulnerability of these medical students to health risk behaviors and physical and mental health problems during training and future medical practice.
On the Capacity of Multiple Antenna Systems in Rician Fading

The effect of Rician-ness on the capacity of multiple antenna systems is investigated under the assumption that channel state information (CSI) is available only at the receiver. The average-power-constrained capacity of such systems is considered under two different assumptions on the knowledge about the fading available at the transmitter: the case in which the transmitter has no knowledge of fading at all, and the case in which the transmitter has knowledge of the distribution of the fading process but not the instantaneous CSI. The exact capacity is given for the former case while capacity bounds are derived for the latter case. A new signalling scheme is also proposed for the latter case and it is shown that by exploiting the knowledge of Rician-ness at the transmitter via this signalling scheme, significant capacity gain can be achieved. The derived capacity bounds are evaluated explicitly to provide numerical results in some representative situations.
Subclinical Longitudinal Change in Ankle-Brachial Index With Aging in a Community-Dwelling Population Is Associated With Central Arterial Stiffening.

Background Aging is associated with a modest decline in ankle‐brachial index (ABI); however, the underpinnings of this decline are not fully understood. The greater systolic ankle than brachial blo...
Synthesized biocompatible and conductive ink for 3D printing of flexible electronics.

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an efficient technique for the fabrication of electronic devices. It also enables the use conductive of biomaterials in various applications, such as implants and flexible devices. Designing a new bioink is extremely challenging. For bioelectronics devices, bioink materials should be printable, flexible, conductive, harmless to cells, and sufficiently strong to maintain their shape when immersed in nutrients or under pressure. Over the past few years, several flexible conductive bioinks have been developed that are based on composite pastes containing a biopolymer and conductive micro- and nanoscale materials in the form of metallic particles, conducting polymers, or a mixture of them. Herein, we report a new strategy for the fabrication of a bioink for a commercial 3D printer with the desired conductivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, using a poly(glycerol-co-sebacate) (PGS)-based polymer and zinc. The PGS-based polymer and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (as a photoinitiator) were added to the zinc, and then, the prepared bioink was polymerized during 3D printing under visible light. According to a microstructural investigation using scanning electron microscopy, the zinc particles were homogeneously distributed in the PGSA matrix. The conductivity of bioink increases with chemical sintering and with an increase in the amount of zinc particles. Based on rheology tests, the appropriate printable composition is 60% zinc and 40% PGS-based polymer. This bioink exhibited remarkable mechanical and adhesive properties in comparison with the PGS-based polymer without zinc, according to tensile, compression, lap shear, wound closure, and burst pressure modules. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that the bioink was not toxic to the cells or the animal over a period of culturing.
Extending the LLVM/Clang Framework for OpenMP Metadirective Support

OpenMP 5.0 introduces many new directives to meet the demand of emerging high performance computing systems. Among these new directives, the metadirective and declare variant directives are important to control the execution behavior of a given application by compile-time adaptation based on the OpenMP context. The metadirective directive allows the selection of OpenMP directives based on the enclosing OpenMP context as well as on user-defined conditions. The declare variant directive declares a specialized variant of a base function and specifies the context in which that specialized variant is used. Support for these directives are available in few compilers with some limitations. Support for metadirective is not available in Clang. This paper presents our implementation of the metadirective directive in Clang. In this paper, we present an implementation which supports the OpenMP 5.0 metadirective specification. However, in addition, this work also implements a dynamic extension to the user-specified conditions. A dynamic evaluation of user-defined conditions provides programmers more freedom to express a range of adaptive algorithms that improve overall performance of a given application. For example, a program can estimate the cost of execution, with respect to time taken or energy consumption, of a kernel based on some dynamic or static variables and decide whether or not to offload the kernel to GPU using the metadirective. Since there is a significant lack of knowledge about the usage and performance analysis of metadirective, the work also studies its impact on application characteristics. To achieve this, we have modified several benchmark codes in the Rodinia benchmark suite. The Rodinia benchmark includes applications and kernels which target multi-core CPU and GPU platforms which helps programmers study the emerging computing platforms. Our modification to the Rodinia benchmarks enables the application developer to study the behavior of metadirective. Our analysis reveal that the main advantage of the dynamic implementation of metadirective is that it adds minimal to no overhead to the user application, in addition to allowing flexibility to the programmers to introduce portability and adaptability to their code. Our modification of the Rodinia benchmark suite provides several guidelines for programmers to achieve better performance with metadirective.
Transcriptomic analysis to identify genes associated with selective hippocampal vulnerability in Alzheimer’s disease

Selective vulnerability of different brain regions is seen in many neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus and cortex are selectively vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD), however the degree of involvement of the different brain regions differs among patients. We classified corticolimbic patterns of neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem tissue to capture extreme and representative phenotypes. We combined bulk RNA sequencing with digital pathology to examine hippocampal vulnerability in AD. We identified hippocampal gene expression changes associated with hippocampal vulnerability and used machine learning to identify genes that were associated with AD neuropathology, including SERPINA5, RYBP, SLC38A2, FEM1B, and PYDC1. Further histologic and biochemical analyses suggested SERPINA5 expression is associated with tau expression in the brain. Our study highlights the importance of embracing heterogeneity of the human brain in disease to identify disease-relevant gene expression.
What Do Capture Ratios Really Capture in Mutual Fund Performance

Many well-known mutual fund companies as well as mutual fund rating services such as Morningstar have recently reported “capture ratios” to help investors evaluate mutual fund performance. These ratios give investors a sense of how a fund has performed in certain market conditions. For example, there is an “upside market capture ratio” that shows a mutual fund’s past performance in up-markets. Similarly, there is a “downside market capture ratio” which provides the fund’s past performance in down-markets. In this article we use mutual fund data from 1990–2019 to analyze these capture ratios and examine how well they predict future fund performance. We find evidence that capture ratios are quite overrated. First, they do not seem to “capture” manager ability but rather just the beta of the portfolio. Second, when we use a measure of manager skill created by combining capture ratios, we find that this measure of skill is actually negatively and significantly related to future fund performance over periods longer than one year. Based on our results, investors should be cautious when using capture ratios to measure or predict performance. TOPICS:Equity portfolio management, performance measurement, manager selection Key Findings ▪ This article finds that the relationship between the capture ratios and beta is significantly and strongly positive. This suggests that those using capture ratios as evidence of manager skill may be misattributing performance. ▪ This article also finds that the skill measure, which is the difference between a fund’s upside and downside capture ratios, is significantly and negatively related to three-year and five-year out-of-sample alpha. This suggests that longer-term investors do not benefit from investing in funds with higher skill. ▪ The results presented in this article suggest that mutual fund companies should be cautious when touting their capture ratios as evidence of manager skill, and investors should be cautious not to misinterpret the capture ratios as evidence of manager skill.
Pharyngeal timing and particle transport defects in Caenorhabditis elegans feeding mutants

Abstract The nematode C. elegans uses rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations called pumps to filter, transport, and crush food particles. A number of feeding mutants have been identified, including those with slow pharyngeal pumping rate, weak muscle contraction, defective muscle relaxation, and defective grinding of bacteria. Many aspects of these pharyngeal behavioral defects and how they affect pharyngeal function are not well understood. For example, the behavioral deficits underlying inefficient particle transport in ‘slippery’ mutants have been unclear. Here we use high speed video microscopy to describe pharyngeal pumping behaviors and particle transport in wild-type animals and in feeding mutants. Different ‘slippery’ mutants exhibit distinct defects including weak isthmus contraction, failure to trap particles in the anterior isthmus, and abnormal timing of contraction and relaxation in pharyngeal compartments. Our results show that multiple deficits in pharyngeal timing or contraction can cause defects in particle transport.
RNA Binding Proteins as Pioneer Determinants of Infection: Protective, Proviral, or Both?

As the first intracellular host factors that directly interact with the genomes of RNA viruses, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have a profound impact on the outcome of an infection. Recent discoveries brought about by new methodologies have led to an unprecedented ability to peer into the earliest events between viral RNA and the RBPs that act upon them. These discoveries have sparked a re-evaluation of current paradigms surrounding RBPs and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Here, we highlight questions that have bloomed from the implementation of these novel approaches. Canonical RBPs can impact the fates of both cellular and viral RNA during infection, sometimes in conflicting ways. Noncanonical RBPs, some of which were first characterized via interactions with viral RNA, may encompass physiological roles beyond viral pathogenesis. We discuss how these RBPs might discriminate between an RNA of either cellular or viral origin and thus exert either pro- or antiviral effects—which is a particular challenge as viruses contain mechanisms to mimic molecular features of cellular RNA.
Conformal relativity, a theory of mass. II: Special conformal relativity

We first review the classical construction of the conformal («angle») geometryMn+1 out of the elements of the more familiarn-dimensional Euclidean («length») geometryEn, guided by Liouville's theorem on the conformal group. After generalizing to indefinite metrics, we specialize to the space-time case. The exposition is didactic with asides on physical reasons and implications. After the inhomogeneous formalism the projective formalism, in which the conformal group acts linearly, is treated. The latter is essential to gauge theories of interaction. Then, on the basis of this geometry, we seek the generalization of the special-relativistic formulapμ=mdxμ/dσ, σ≡proper time,m=constant, for the 4-momentum of a classical particle.
Internet Management Issues: A Global Perspective

The Internet is a vast multi-disciplined array of information that potentially invades and affects the very essence of our lives. Our lives are becoming inextricably bound into the Internet: we now need to manage our lives and our interests vis-a-vis the Internet. Internet Management Issues: A Global Perspective is a collection of papers that addresses a number of perspectives on how the Internet can both work for and against society.
Sebaceous gland lipids.

Sebaceous glands are small, uniquely mammalian, cutaneous organs located throughout the dermis of hairy skin and of certain mucocutaneous epithelia (Montagna and Parakkal 1974). Generally, they are attached by a duct to a hair follicle, through which they discharge their lipid secretion, called sebum, to the skin surface. The significance of sebum to the animals that produce it is not completely clear. Sebum may help some animals to stay warm and dry by providing a water-repellent lipid coating for the fur. Sebaceous lipids may also serve as olfactory signals in some species. In humans, it is doubtful that sebum has any useful function (Kligman 1963).
Ensemble stream model for data-cleaning in sensor networks

Ensemble Stream Modeling and Data-cleaning are sensor information processing systems have different training and testing methods by which their goals are cross-validated. This research examines a mechanism, which seeks to extract novel patterns by generating ensembles from data. The main goal of label-less stream processing is to process the sensed events to eliminate the noises that are uncorrelated, and choose the most likely model without over fitting thus obtaining higher model confidence. Higher quality streams can be realized by combining many short streams into an ensemble which has the desired quality. The framework for the investigation is an existing data mining tool. First, to accommodate feature extraction such as a bush or natural forest-fire event we make an assumption of the burnt area (BA*), sensed ground truth as our target variable obtained from logs. Even though this is an obvious model choice the results are disappointing. The reasons for this are two: One, the histogram of fire activity is highly skewed. Two, the measured sensor parameters are highly correlated. Since using non descriptive features does not yield good results, we resort to temporal features. By doing so we carefully eliminate the averaging effects; the resulting histogram is more satisfactory and conceptual knowledge is learned from sensor streams. Second is the process of feature induction by cross-validating attributes with single or multi-target variables to minimize training error. We use F-measure score, which combines precision and accuracy to determine the false alarm rate of fire events. The multi-target data-cleaning trees use information purity of the target leaf-nodes to learn higher order features. A sensitive variance measure such as ƒ-test is performed during each node's split to select the best attribute. Ensemble stream model approach proved to improve when using complicated features with a simpler tree classifier. The ensemble framework for data-cleaning and the enhancements to quantify quality of fitness (30% spatial, 10% temporal, and 90% mobility reduction) of sensor led to the formation of streams for sensor-enabled applications. Which further motivates the novelty of stream quality labeling and its importance in solving vast amounts of real-time mobile streams generated today.
Exploring HIV/AIDS Case Management and Client Quality of Life

Despite other investigations into the impact on the quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV, the effects of HIV/AIDS case management services have not been directly investigated in the professional literature. A small HIV/AIDS case management program conducted an analysis of the services provided over a 6-month period with preassessments and postassessments of client QoL. A convenience sample of 78 clients completed the Multidimensional Quality of Life questionnaire for people with HIV. Demographics and QoL scores show expected relationships, such as higher QoL scores among clients with higher income, which are consistent with prior research. The study found significant relationships between elements of case management and specific domains of client QoL. Direct case manager interventions, such as counseling clients about coping with depression, had the strongest relationship with client QoL.
Is SHRM Taking Root in Local Governments

Over the last two decades it has been recognized that human resource management should be a strategic partner with management because HRM can help organizations achieve their strategic and organizational goals (Daley, 2006; Pynes, 2003; Down et al., 1997). Strategic human resource management (SHRM) has begun to be recognized as an important role for HR departments. Is this trend truly taking root in government organizations? Many governments have been slow to moving to the new model. This paper looks at the extent SHRM has taken root in municipal government in North Carolina.
Neptunium-237 toxicity in the rat

Abstract The subcellular distribution of neptunium in rat liver was determined at various dose levels and times. Males and females had similar subcellular distributions when the dose was very low with the soluble fraction showing the highest concentration. Increasing the dose resulted in a differential shift in the subcellular distribution pattern for males and females. Females showed the highest concentrations in the nuclear fraction while the males had the highest levels in the mitochondrial fraction. Simultaneous administration of CCl4 with tracer levels of neptunium to males caused a shift in the pattern to one similar to that seen with females at higher dose levels. Similar experiments were performed with cerium; again, administration of a higher dose resulted in a pattern quite different from that seen when tracer doses were used.
Surface wave polarization converter

A surface Bare polarization converter vias designed and fabricated. The structure conTerts the polarization of surface waves between pare TM and IE polarizations. The design was fabricated using printed circuit techniques, and it was composed of a solid ground plane and an etched top later of anisotropic metallic patterning Conversion is achieved by exciting hybrid TM-TE modes, which are different from the hybrid TM-like and TE-like modes that have been previously studied. Simulation shows conversion between TM and TE modes better than 99% while measured results show approximately 95% conversion
Metabolic Disorders of Copper Metabolism

Copper, atomic number 29, is an extremely versatile element both outside and inside living cells. The malleability, ductility, and esthetic properties of copper have promoted its use in pottery, ornaments, and currency for centuries. During the more recent decades, the electrical conductivity of copper has had an important role in the advancement of electrical technology.
A Generalized Line and Junction Labeling Scheme with Application to scene Analysis

A line and junction labeling scheme is introduced that is valid for both planar and curved-surface bodies. Seven generalized junction types are defined and shown to cover all valid projections for a wide class of planar and curved-surface bodies. It is further shown that there are limitations on the permissible junction types as one moves from one end of a line segment to the other. The valid junction transitions provide 1) a new set of edge semantics for line labeling and 2) an ability to verify whether a given sequence of junctions forms a realizable configuration.
The $\Pi^0_2$ Enumeration Degrees are Not Dense

We show that the Π20 enumeration degrees are not dense. This answers a question posed by Cooper.
The Effect of Surface Tension on the Gravity-driven Thin Film Flow of Newtonian and Power-law Fluids

Gravity-driven thin film flow is of importance in many fields, as well as for the design of polymeric drug delivery vehicles, such as anti-HIV topical microbicides. There have been many prior works on gravity-driven thin films. However, the incorporation of surface tension effect has not been well studied for non-Newtonian fluids. After surface tension effect was incorporated into our 2D (i.e. 1D spreading) power-law model, we found that surface tension effect not only impacted the spreading speed of the microbicide gel, but also had an influence on the shape of the 2D spreading profile. We observed a capillary ridge at the front of the fluid bolus. Previous literature shows that the emergence of a capillary ridge is strongly related to the contact line fingering instability. Fingering instabilities during epithelial coating may change the microbicide gel distribution and therefore impact how well it can protect the epithelium. In this study, we focused on the capillary ridge in 2D flow and performed a series of simulations and showed how the capillary ridge height varies with other parameters, such as surface tension coefficient, inclination angle, initial thickness, and power-law parameters. As shown in our results, we found that capillary ridge height increased with higher surface tension, steeper inclination angle, bigger initial thickness, and more Newtonian fluids. This study provides the initial insights of how to optimize the flow and prevent the appearance of a capillary ridge and fingering instability.
Chronic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy Associated With Tacrolimus Immunosuppression in Renal Transplant Patients: Case Reports

Tacrolimus is used widely for immunosuppression following transplantation. It has rarely been linked to the development of peripheral neuropathy. However, one study also reported improvement in peripheral neuropathy after tacrolimus use. We have reported herein two patients who developed chronic sensorimotor polyneuropathy after tacrolimus use following renal transplantation. One patient had an unusual presentation with bilateral facial and extremity weakness and a relapsing course. The other patient presented with focal sensory symptoms in one hand. Electrophysiological studies confirmed widespread, predominantly demyelinating or axonal polyneuropathy. We concluded that patients on tacrolimus should be carefully monitored for symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy.
Alkco Lighting Company and its journey to Goldratt's Goal

In this case history, we detail how one company implemented Goldratt's concepts of drum, buffer, rope, together with some ideas about working with vendors to achieve a just-in-time inventory policy. The difficulties encountered in the implementation are described together with the end results of such a program: increased sales volume, profits and return on assets. It is important and noteworthy that these results were achieved without the extensive culture changes and training at the lowest levels of the organization usually associated with total quality management programs. It is concluded that even without the potential benefits from enlisting the lowest levels of the organization, Goldratt's concepts are sufficiently powerful to provide rapid benefits to an organization. There also is evidence that such gains may be tenuous, or short term, without all employees' longer-term commitment usually engendered by training and engaging them in problem solving and continuous improvement programs.
Age and context effects in lexical decision: An age by context interaction

The present experiment demonstrates greater priming effects in a lexical decision task for older adults than for younger adults. Thirty-six older adults and thirty-six younger adults participated in a lexical decision experiment in which primes were category names and related targets were category exemplars that varied in category dominance. This manipulation of category dominance was intended to limit the predictability of target words based on prime words. Results showed that older adults had significantly greater priming effects than did younger adults. This outcome represents a departure from most studies of age effects on priming in lexical decision. It is suggested that older adults make greater use of context than younger adults when the context is of limited predictive value.