cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broad Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lacking Ribosome-Associated Chaperone Ssb or Zuo1 to Cations, Including Aminoglycosides

The Hsp70 Ssb and J protein Zuo1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are ribosome-associated molecular chaperones, proposed to be involved in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptide chains. Cells lacking Ssb and/or Zuo1 have been reported to be hypersensitive to cationic aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitors that affect translational fidelity and to NaCl. Since we found that Deltassb1 Deltassb2 (Deltassb1,2), Deltazuo1, and wild-type cells have very similar levels of translational misreading in the absence of aminoglycosides, we asked whether the sensitivities to aminoglycosides and NaCl represent a general increase in sensitivity to cations. We found that Deltassb1,2 and Deltazuo1 cells are hypersensitive to a wide range of cations. This broad sensitivity is similar to that of cells having lowered activity of major plasma membrane transporters, such as the major K+ transporters Trk1 and Trk2 or their regulators Hal4 and Hal5. Like Deltahal4,5 cells, Deltassb1,2 and Deltazuo1 cells have increased intracellular levels of Na+ and Li+ upon challenge with higher-than-normal levels of these cations, due to an increased rate of influx. In the presence of aminoglycosides, Deltassb1,2, Deltazuo1, and Deltahal 4,5 cells have similarly increased levels of translational misreading. We conclude that, in vivo, the major cause of the aminoglycoside sensitivity of cells lacking ribosome-associated molecular chaperones is a general increase in cation influx, perhaps due to altered maturation of membrane proteins.
A sustainable approach for optimal steel sheet pile structure assessment, maintenance, and rehabilitation

AbstractAn improved steel sheet pile (SSP) inspection procedure is proposed in this paper, which couples the field inspection condition-index methodology previously developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers with reliability assessments to quantify the life-cycle costs and environmental impacts associated with various maintenance and repair (M&R) scenarios. Maintenance and repair strategies over the analysis period (from present to the end of the structure’s lifetime) are determined through reliability assessment for structures with relatively low condition indices. The level of maintenance activity is then to be determined by the life-cycle cost analysis and environmental life-cycle assessment of M&R alternatives. The optimal M&R alternative is the one with the lowest cost combined with minimal environmental impact. Using these methodologies, the SSP structure owners will gain improved capabilities to monitor present-day conditions of SSP infrastructure and prioritize structures that will require sust...
A spread-spectrum based synchronization technique for digital broadcast systems

A technique that has been verified experimentally to improve the synchronization efficiency of digital communication systems over present systems without sacrificing reliability is presented. This technique is called the spread-spectrum system pilot technique (SSPT). Incorporated into this technique are elements of tone-calibrated techniques (TCT) and spread-spectrum systems. In the SSPT system, the desired pilot tone is modulated by a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) generator of finite duration and then linearly added to the source (customer) data that is actually being sent. At the receiver, the same finite PRBS sequence is used to decode the received signal. The system works because it provides an accurate version of the actual data carrier to be used in demodulation of the received signal. Based on the research presented, it is expected that this type of system will lead to better performance than currently used transparent-tone-in-band and other techniques used in multipath fading environments, which are especially problematic in mobile broadcast and communication applications. >
Effect of mounting on the performance of surface heat flow meters used to evaluate building heat losses

This experimental evaluation of the effect of thermal contact resistance on the measurement precision of surface mounted heat flux sensors was conducted under radiant and convective heat exchange conditions simulating an in situ measurement of heat loss through a building wall. The total thermal resistance of mounted heat flux sensors and contact/bonding agents was determined from sensor-indicated heat flows and from test-surface/sensor-face temperature differences measured with an infrared imager. Two representative makes of heat flux sensor, one rigid and one flexible, were tested at two levels of surface roughness, with five representative bonding/contacting agents. Testing was done with the test surfaces both heated by and cooling to the ambient environment. The contacting/bonding agents did not significantly affect the indicated heat fluxes, except when the agents failed to keep the sensor in contact with the test surface. The differences between indicated heat fluxes and calculated surface heat loss increased with increasing surface roughness. A typical 20% difference between measured and calculated surface heat loss was not adequately accounted for in terms of thermal resistance of sensor and bonding agent, which suggested that the sensor calibration or some other factor was in error. The flexible sensor was transparent in the visible andmore » in the infrared, so that its indicated heat flux would be affected by attempts to match its emittance or absorptance to surrounding surfaces or to minimize convective noise.« less
Wildfire, Fuel Reduction, and Herpetofaunas across Diverse Landscape Mosaics in Northwestern Forests

The herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) of northwestern forests (U.S.A.) is diverse, and many species are locally abundant. Most forest amphibians west of the Cascade Mountain crest are associated with cool, cascading streams or coarse woody material on the forest floor, which are characteristics of mature forests. Extensive loss and fragmentation of habitat resulted from logging across approximately 50% of old-growth forests in northern California and approximately 80% of stands in Oregon and Washington. There is a complex landscape mosaic and overlap of northern and southern biotic elements in the Klamath-Siskiyou Region along the Oregon and California border, creating a biodiversity hotspot. The region experiences many low-severity fires annually, punctuated by periodic major fires, including the Biscuit fire, the largest in North America in 2002. In the fire's northern portion, severe fire occurred on >50% of stands of young, managed trees but on only about 25201333% of old-growth stands. This suggests that the legacy of timber harvest may produce fire-prone stands. Calls for prescribed fire and thinning to reduce fuel loads will remove large amounts of coarse woody material from forests, which reduces cover for amphibians and alters nutrient inputs to streams. Our preliminary evidence suggests no negative effects of wildfire on terrestrial amphibians, but stream amphibians decrease following wildfire. Most reptiles are adapted to open terrain, so fire usually improves their habitat. Today, the challenge is to maintain biodiversity in western forests in the face of intense political pressures designed to "prevent" catastrophic fires. We need a dedicated research effort to understanding how fire affects biota and to proactively investigate outcomes of fuel-reduction management on wildlife in western forests.
The future of America's electric utilities: Reconciling deregulation and least-cost planning

Abstract With only modest changes in the status quo, electric utilities and their consumers can soon enjoy the economic and environmental benefits of robust competition and least-cost energy planning. Why wait any longer?
Strict feedforward control systems, linearisability, and convergent normal forms

This article discusses the feedback equivalence of multi-inputs feedforward control systems via smooth (resp. analytic) feedback transformations. We first address the state (resp. feedback) linearisation problem, and provide easily computable algorithms that yield explicit state (resp. feedback) linearising coordinates for systems in strict feedforward form. The application of the algorithms does not require checking the commutativity (resp. involutivity) of the distributions associated with the system, and the algorithms fail after few steps if the system is not linearisable. In the latter case, the algorithms are extended to provide coordinate systems bringing the system into a normal form which is a smooth (resp. analytic) counterpart of Kang's formal normal form. Illustrative examples for both the linearisation and convergent normal form include the vertical take off and landing aircraft, the multi-vehicle wireless testbed among others.
Reassessing the safety of intravenous and compounded injectable colchicine in acute gout treatment

Colchicine has been used for over 2000 years. Intravenous (i.v.) colchicine has been used for the treatment of acute gout since the 1950s. I.v. and oral colchicine were 'grandfathered' before the 1969 FDA Phase III trials for drug toxicity became law. Data on toxic reactions are, therefore, based only on passive surveillance. The risk of toxicity with i.v. use depends on the total dose over a period of time, the presence of comorbid conditions and the size of individual dose. Colchicine toxicity has been compared to arsenic poisoning. Symptoms start 2-5 h after the toxic dose has been ingested and not uncommonly lead to death. Injections of compounded colchicine have been implicated in the deaths of several patients, several of which received off-label i.v. colchicine for back pain. Given that colchicine has the smallest benefit to toxicity ratio of the drugs that are used in the management of acute gout and the fact that acute gout is not life-threatening, one could make a strong case for eliminating the use of i.v. colchicine the treatment of acute gout.
Nonabsorbable Rabbit Anti-Salmonella typhimurium Antibody as Detected by the Complement-Mediated Bactericidal Reaction

Herzberg, Mendel (University of Florida, Gainesville), Kathryn V. Kenny, and John B. Robbins. Nonabsorbable rabbit anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibody as detected by the complement-mediated bactericidal reaction. J. Bacteriol. 91:1548-1555. 1966.-A portion of antibody active in the complement-mediated bactericidal reaction against Salmonella typhimurium from hyperimmune rabbit serum has been shown to be nonabsorbable by repeated serial absorptions with whole heat-killed or living bacteria. The first two absorptions remove 90 to 95% of the activity, but 1 to 5% cannot be removed by subsequent absorptions. The nonabsorbable antibody appears to be a macroglobulin by density-gradient centrifugation and by comparison of activity and absorbability of purified gamma-M and gamma-G immune globulins. Alternative hypotheses involving low avidity antibody or antibody to minor cell antigenic components are offered in explanation of the phenomenon.
Sex Differences among Business Graduates on Fear of Success and Fear of Appearing Incompetent as Measured by Objective Instruments

Sex differences in fear of success and fear of appearing incompetent among graduating business students (ns = 162 males, 113 females) were investigated using the objective measures described by Good and Good in 1973. No sex differences in fear of success emerged, but females showed a significantly greater fear of appearing incompetent than males. A significant positive moderate correlation of .54 exists between fear of success and fear of appearing incompetent. Caution is urged in attempts toward universal application of research involving these constructs.
Infrared absorption coefficients of gaseous chlorine nitrate at 296 K

Peak and integrated absorption coefficients of the ν1, ν2, ν3, and ν4, fundamental bands of chlorine nitrate were measured at resolutions of 0.13 cm−1 and 0.70 cm−1 for both pure and pressure-broadened samples at 296 K. The results are compared to previous literature data.
Breaking of Supersymmetry at Intermediate-Energy

We consider the proposal that supersymmetry is broken at a scale $\ensuremath{\mu}$ midway between the Planck scale $M$ and the usual weak scale. We show how a phenomenological explicitly softly broken supersymmetric theory can emerge below scale $\ensuremath{\mu}$. The characteristic scale for the explicit supersymmetry breaking is of order $\frac{\ensuremath{\alpha}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}}{M}$. Identifying this with the weak scale \ensuremath{\sim}250 GeV gives $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{12}$ GeV.
Gene Expression in Mice after High Efficiency Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer

A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.
Major coronary artery anomalies in a pediatric population: incidence and clinical importance.

OBJECTIVES We sought to prospectively determine the incidence and clinical significance of major coronary artery anomalies in asymptomatic children using transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography. BACKGROUND Anomalous origins of the left main coronary artery (ALMCA) from the right sinus of Valsalva or anomalous origins the right coronary artery (ARCA) from the left sinus are rarely diagnosed in children and can cause sudden death, especially in young athletes. Because most patients are asymptomatic, the diagnosis is often made post mortem. No study to date has prospectively identified anomalous coronary arteries in asymptomatic children in the general population. METHODS After serendipitously identifying an index case with ALMCA, we examined proximal coronary artery anatomy in children with otherwise anatomically normal hearts who were referred for echocardiography. In those diagnosed with ALMCA or ARCA, we performed further tests. RESULTS Within a three-year period, echocardiograms were obtained in 2,388 children and adolescents. Four children (0.17%) were identified with anomalous origin of their coronary arteries, and angiograms, exercise perfusion studies and/or stress tests were then performed. One ARCA patient had decreased perfusion in the right coronary artery (RCA) perfusion area and showed ventricular ectopy on electrocardiogram (ECG) at rest that diminished but did not resolve with exercise. A second patient with ALMCA had atrial tachycardia immediately after exercise, with inferior and lateral ischemic changes on ECG and frequent junctional and/or ventricular premature complexes both at rest and recovery. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that although anomalous origins of coronary arteries are rare in asymptomatic children, the prevalence is greater than that found in other prospective studies. Ischemia can occur with both ALMCA and ARCA even though patients remain asymptomatic. Because of the high risk of sudden cardiac death, aggressive surgical management and close follow-up are necessary.
Progeny Production by Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) on Maize Previously Infested by Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

A laboratory experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of infestation of maize by Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) on progeny production by two common secondary colonizers of grain, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Adults of both secondary pest species were allowed to oviposit for 3 wk on intact kernels of ‘DeKalb 689’, mechanically split kernels, kernels that had been infested for 3 mo by S. cerealella, and kernels that had been infested for 6 mo. Progeny of both species reached highest numbers on 6-mo infested maize. Prior infestation for 6 mo by S. cerealella makes maize a more suitable medium for reproduction by T. castaneum and O. surinamensis, much more than can be accounted for by mere disruption of kernel integrity resulting from larval feeding. The results highlight the importance of limiting establishment by S. cerealella on maize in storage.
Progesterone binding by human endometrial tissue during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle and by hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometrium

Abstract Cytosol receptors for progesterone were assayed in human endometrial tissue during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle and in the hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometrium. The assays were performed utilizing a technique involving prior treatment of the cytosol extract with dextran-coated charcoal to remove endogenous progesterone. The results showed that the progesterone receptor activity was higher during the late proliferative and early secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. Hyperplastic and carcinomatous endometrium also contained specific cytosol receptor for progesterone, and the binding activity of the hyperplastic endometria and endometrial polyps was comparable to that found during the late proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. No apparent correlation between the progesterone receptor level and the morphologic degree of differentiation in Grades 1 and 2 adenocarcinomas of the endometrium was observed.
Assessment of autonomic function in epileptic patients.

.)signal processing( ةيويلحا ،زنيكبوه زنوج ىفشتسم يف ةساردلا هذه تيرج :ةقيرطلا ،ليفكوك ،يحصلا ليفكوك زكرمو ،دنلايرام ،روميتلاب نم ةرتفلا للاخ كلذو ةيكيرملأا ةدحتلما تايلاولا ،يسينيت ةساردلا هذه يف كراش .م 2007 ربمتبس ىلإ م
Models of Decision-Making: Simplifying Choices

Classical decision theory evaluates entire worlds, specified so as to include everything a decision-maker cares about. Thus applying decision theory requires performing computations far beyond an ordinary decision-maker's ability. In this book Paul Weirich explains how individuals can simplify and streamline their choices. He shows how different 'parts' of options (intrinsic, temporal, spatiotemporal, causal) are separable, so that we can know what difference one part makes to the value of an option, regardless of what happens in the other parts. He suggests that the primary value of options is found in basic intrinsic attitudes towards outcomes: desires, aversions, or indifferences. And using these two facts he argues that we need only compare small parts of the options we face in order to make a rational decision. This important book will interest readers in decision theory, economics, and the behavioral sciences.
Predictive Active Disturbance Rejection Control for processes with delay

Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) has been shown to be an effective tool in dealing with real world problems of dynamic uncertainties, disturbances, nonlinearities, etc. This paper addresses its existing limitations with plants that have a large transport delay. In particular, to overcome the delay, the extended state observer (ESO) in ADRC is modified to form a predictive ADRC, leading to significant improvements in the transient response and stability characteristics, as shown in extensive simulation studies. In this research, it is assumed that the amount of delay is approximately known, as is the approximated model of the plant. Even with such uncharacteristic assumptions for ADRC, the proposed method still exhibits significant improvements in both performance and robustness over the existing methods such as the dead-time compensator based on disturbance observer and the Filtered Smith Predictor, in the context of some well-known problems of chemical reactor and boiler control problems.
Nonstationary Seismic Response of Light Equipment

A method is developed to obtain floor spectra curves that include the effect of nonstationarity of seismic motions. Such spectra are usually required for design or qualification of light secondary systems such as piping and equipment. The response of a simple structure-equipment system is examined for excitations modeled by Gaussian shot-noise and filtered shot-noise. The Markov vector approach is used to obtain the time-dependent second moments of the response in closed form. The nonstationarity due to time-varying intensity of the excitation and also due to the zero-starting condition is considered. The effects of various seismic intensity modulation functions and structural parameters on the response are evaluated. Useful results of practical importance are obtained in terms of response ratios of nonstationary-to-stationary responses, and their application in the generation of floor spectra curves for a structure is illustrated.
EXPERIENCE IN FULL LOAD TESTING NATURAL GAS CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS FOR ROTORDYNAMICS IMPROVEMENTS

During full load shop tests under natural gas, two multistage centrifugal compressors exhibited subsynchronous vibrations. Both of them are low flow, high pressure, high rotational speed compressors, and are fitted with tilting pad bearings, and dry gas seals. A rotating stall problem was firstly eliminated by a modification of the diffuser geometry. Then, aerodynamic excitations caused the rotors to operate at their stability limit, and high vibration levels were observed at the first natural frequency. A complete rotordynamics analysis was performed in order to model precisely all the fluid-structure interactions. Modifications of the rotor designs were implemented, consisting in optimizing conveniently the bearing pads, replacing the toothed labyrinth seals of the balance pistons by damping honeycomb seals, fitting them with improved shunt hole systems. In addition, the dry gas seals were found to have been damaged, due to thermal effects, and further modifications were implemented to eliminate this problem. Final full load tests demonstrated a satisfactory behaviour of both centrifugal compressors.Copyright © 1996 by ASME
Abstract 1396: Response of primary culture of breast cancer to hypoxia and drug treatment.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Several subtypes of breast cancer have been characterized and corresponding treatment strategies have been devised. However, outcomes are not always satisfactory for a variety of reasons including individual variation in age, race, disease stages, and genetic variations. In order to improve the outcomes of breast cancer treatment, personalized treatment has been developed based on molecular profiling and genetic testing of each individual patient. To compliment the development of personalized treatment based on molecular data from genetic profiling, we hypothesized that culture of primary breast cancer tissue could provide a cell-based model that could be utilized in the evaluation of the response of individual breast cancer to therapeutic agents. In this model, breast cancer samples were cultured in matrigel. To identify the cell types that grew in the matrigel, the cells were subjected to the staining with antibodies against cytokeratin5, cytokeratin14, cytokeratin18, ER, vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-SMA, and β-catenin. The results demonstrated that the cells which grew from breast cancer tissue were heterogeneous, including epithelial and stromal cells. Further analysis of the effect of oxygen indicated that the growth of breast cancer cells increased by 1.4-1.5 fold with 5% O2 compared to growth with 21% O2. Interestingly, hypoxia did not stimulate growth of normal breast tissue. Very intriguingly, growth under hypoxic conditions demonstrated differential responses to several chemotherapeutic agents. In these studies cell proliferation was assayed at 5% and 21% O2 of primary cultures of normal and cancerous breast cells treated with doxorubicin, LY294002, and PHA665752 (c-Met inhibitor). With doxorubicin treatment normal breast cells under hypoxia showed significant drug resistance at 0.1 μM and 1 μM compared to normoxia (P Citation Format: Hong Yin, Patrick Adegboyega, Mylinh Smith Smith, Jonathan Glass. Response of primary culture of breast cancer to hypoxia and drug treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1396. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1396
Adaptive Linear Quadratic Gaussian Optimal Control Modification for Flutter Suppression of Adaptive Wing

This paper presents an adaptive control approach for flutter suppression of a performance adaptive aeroelastic wing equipped with a variable camber continuous trailing edge flap design. The adaptive control approach is based on the optimal control modification method augmented to a linear quadratic gaussian optimal control design. A model reduction based on a singular perturbation approach is presented. The control surfaces are subject to relative motion constraints due to the elastomer transition material in between the flap sections. A virtual control method is proposed using a shape function to deal with the relative motion constraints. Simulation results indicate that the adaptive augmentation control design is effective in suppressing unstable aeroelastic modes.
Dean flow fractionation of chromosomes

Efforts to transfer intact mammalian chromosomes between cells have been attempted for more than 50 years with the consistent result being transfer of sub unit length pieces regardless of method. Inertial microfluidics is a new field that has shown much promise in addressing the fractionation of particles in the 2-20 μm size range (with unknown limits) and separations are based upon particles being carried by curving confined flows (within a spiral shaped, often rectangular flow chamber) and migrating to stable “equilibrium” positions of varying distance from a chamber wall depending on the balance of dean and lift forces. We fabricated spiral channels for inertial microfluidic separations using a standard soft lithography process. The concentration of chromosomes, small contaminant DNA and large cell debris in each outlets were evaluated using microscope (60X) and a flow cytometer. Using Dean Flow Fractionation, we were able to focus 4.5 times more chromosomes in outlet 2 compared to outlet 4 where most of the large debris is found. We recover 16% of the chromosomes in outlet #1- 50% in 2, 23% in 3 and 11% in 4. It should be noted that these estimates of recovery do not capture one piece of information- it actually may be that the chromosomes at each outlet are physically different and work needs to be done to verify this potential.
Bent alkanes in a new thiourea-containing capsule.

The synthesis of a cavitand featuring thiourea hydrogen bonding sites and its dimerization in the presence of suitable guests are reported. Dimerization creates a capsule host wider than the corresponding urea or imide structures, and longer alkanes can be accommodated. Specifically, n-C15H32 is encapsulated, but this guest appears folded inside as deduced from NMR studies. Apparently, the plasticity of hydrogen bonds between thiourea groups allows a stable encapsulation complex to persist in solution even though the guest is contorted.
Disputes surrounding the discovery of the stapes in the mid 16th century.

The discovery of the stapes in the mid 16th century remains a subject of controversy in medical literature, even if most historians credit the Italian Ingrassia, in 1546, for this discovery. The aim of this study is to discuss previously published works, to add additional insight and interpretation
The Association Between Protein Intake by Source and Osteoporotic Fracture in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Dietary protein is a potentially modifiable risk factor for fracture. Our objectives were to assess the association of protein intake with incident fracture among older men and whether these associations varied by protein source or by skeletal site. We studied a longitudinal cohort of 5875 men (mean age 73.6 ± 5.9 years) in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. At baseline, protein intake was assessed as percent of total energy intake (TEI) with mean intake from all sources = 16.1%TEI. Incident clinical fractures were confirmed by physician review of medical records. There were 612 major osteoporotic fractures, 806 low-trauma fractures, 270 hip fractures, 193 spine fractures, and 919 non-hip non-spine fractures during 15 years of follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models with age, race, height, clinical site, TEI, physical activity, marital status, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal surgery, smoking, oral corticosteroids use, alcohol consumption, and calcium and vitamin D supplements as covariates to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), all expressed per unit (SD = 2.9%TEI) increase. Higher protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of major osteoporotic fracture (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.00) with a similar association found for low-trauma fracture. The association between protein and fracture varied by protein source; eg, increased dairy protein and non-dairy animal protein were associated with a decreased risk of hip fracture (HR = 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.98] and HR = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72 to 0.97], respectively), whereas plant-source protein was not (HR = 0.99 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.24]). The association between protein and fracture varied by fracture site; total protein was associated with a decreased risk of hip fracture (HR = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73 to 0.95]), but not clinical spine fracture (HR = 1.06 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.22]). In conclusion, those with high protein intake (particularly high animal protein intake) as a percentage of TEI have a lower risk of major osteoporotic fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Stuffed in a Locker: A Case Study Involving Guns on Campus:

Ensuring that children are safe is imperative for any educational institution. This case presents a realistic scenario of the safety concerns of leaders and staff in a middle school concerned with ...
Constant velocity combustion scramjet cycle analysis for non-ideal mass flow rate

Abstract The purpose of this note is to present a constant velocity combustion parametric cycle analysis for the non-ideal mass flow rate scramjet as opposed to the ideal mass flow rate scramjet analysis. By non-ideal mass flow rate is meant that the mass flow rate of air plus the mass flow rate of fuel is not approximately equal to the mass flow rate of the air alone, m o + m f ≠ m o ; whereas, for the ideal mass flow rate analyses it is assumed that m o + m f ≈ m o . The non-ideal mass flow rate modeling is more realistic than the ideal mass flow rate modeling. This work permits the description of the non-ideal mass flow rate scramjet via simple algebraic equations similar to the well documented parametric cycle analysis for the non-ideal mass flow rate ramjet; however, this work is for the non-ideal mass flow rate constant velocity combustion scramjet which has not appeared in the existing literature.
Factors controlling high-frequency radiation from extended ruptures

Small-scale slip heterogeneity or variations in rupture velocity on the fault plane are often invoked to explain the high-frequency radiation from earthquakes. This view has no theoretical basis, which follows, for example, from the representation integral of elasticity, an exact solution for the radiated wave field. The Fourier transform, applied to the integral, shows that the seismic spectrum is fully controlled by that of the source time function, while the distribution of final slip and rupture acceleration/deceleration only contribute to directivity. This inference is corroborated by the precise numerical computation of the full radiated field from the representation integral. We compare calculated radiation from four finite-fault models: (1) uniform slip function with low slip velocity, (2) slip function spatially modulated by a sinusoidal function, (3) slip function spatially modulated by a sinusoidal function with random roughness added, and (4) uniform slip function with high slip velocity. The addition of “asperities,” both regular and irregular, does not cause any systematic increase in the spectral level of high-frequency radiation, except for the creation of maxima due to constructive interference. On the other hand, an increase in the maximum rate of slip on the fault leads to highly amplified high frequencies, in accordance with the prediction on the basis of a simple point-source treatment of the fault. Hence, computations show that the temporal rate of slip, not the spatial heterogeneity on faults, is the predominant factor forming the high-frequency radiation and thus controlling the velocity and acceleration of the resulting ground motions.
Mandatory Reporting of Sexual Misconduct at College: A Critical Perspective.

ABSTRACTMany universities and colleges now require all “responsible employees,” including faculty, to report known or suspected sexual misconduct to designated Title IX administrators. The intention of these mandatory reporting policies is to ensure institutional accountability and compliance with Title IX’s prohibition against sexual and gender-based discrimination. Yet, critics argue that such policies are overreaching, paternalistic and, ironically, discriminatory. Drawing from prior research on sexual victimization and original exploratory data on gender-based college harassment, this article provides a critical perspective that delineates both the intended goals and unintended consequences of Title IX’s mandatory reporting policies, specifically focusing on three overlapping issues: ambiguous definitions, reporting risks, and faculty’s role in disclosure. We conclude by proposing alternative strategies for achieving Title IX’s objectives.
Attempted synthesis of ortho -phenylene phosphino-tritylium cations.

With the synthesis of ortho-phenylene phosphino-tritylium cations as an objective, we generated (2-lithiophenyl)diphenylphosphine and (2-lithiophenyl)di-isopropylphosphine and allowed these organol...
Complementary therapies for physical therapy

Complementary therapies for physical therapy , Complementary therapies for physical therapy , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
SGK1 Governs the Reciprocal Development of Th17 and Regulatory T Cells

A balance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is critical for immune homeostasis and tolerance. Our previous work has shown Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) is critical for the development and function of Th17 cells. Here, we show that SGK1 restrains the function of Treg cells and reciprocally regulates development of Th17/Treg balance. SGK1 deficiency leads to protection against autoimmunity and enhances self-tolerance by promoting Treg cell development and disarming Th17 cells. Treg cell-specific deletion of SGK1 results in enhanced Treg cell-suppressive function through preventing Foxo1 out of the nucleus, thereby promoting Foxp3 expression by binding to Foxp3 CNS1 region. Furthermore, our data suggest that SGK1 also plays a critical role in IL-23R-mediated inhibition of Treg and development of Th17 cells. Therefore, we demonstrate that SGK1 functions as a pivotal node in regulating the reciprocal development of pro-inflammatory Th17 and Foxp3+ Treg cells during autoimmune tissue inflammation.
Does anthrax antitoxin therapy have a role in the treatment of inhalational anthrax

Purpose of reviewInhalational anthrax is a rare disease and Bacillus anthracis is a likely pathogen to be used in a biological attack. The lack of clinical experience with anthrax has led experts to develop treatment guidelines. These guidelines recommend anthrax antitoxin to be used in conjunction
Peer effects in financial decision-making

Abstract Peer effects might play an important role in complex financial decisions because many consumers lack experience with them and the costs of thinking through such decisions can be very high. We study peer effects in retirement savings, life insurance purchase, and two charitable giving programs in a military setting with plausibly exogenous assignment of individuals to social groups. Peers, defined broadly as social groups which may include members of different ranks, appear to play an important role in the charitable giving programs, but not in the other outcomes. We assess a number of potential reasons for the disparate findings and provide suggestive evidence that the observability of individuals' choices is key.
Externalizing behaviors among adopted children: A longitudinal comparison of preadoptive childhood sexual abuse and other forms of maltreatment.

Abstracts Previous research has established that child sexual abuse (CSA) and other forms of child maltreatment can have lasting and profound implications for survivors in terms of externalizing symptomatology. Few studies, however, have examined long-term consequences of CSA and maltreatment among adopted children. Guided by a polyvictimization framework, the present study investigated: (a) rates of co-occurrence of pre-adoptive CSA and maltreatment among adopted children, and (b) the relative impact of pre-adoptive CSA and maltreatment on externalizing behaviors at 14 years post-adoption. Analyses were based on four waves of data from the California Long-Range Adoption Study (CLAS) ( n = 522); outcomes were measured using an adapted version of the Behavioral Problems Index (BPI). The diverse sample (36% non-White) was evenly divided by gender (50% female/male) and included a large number of children adopted from foster care (42.1%). Results indicated that 24.3% ( n = 127) of children experienced at least one form of maltreatment; of those children, nearly half (46.5%; n = 59) experienced multiple abuse types (e.g., neglect, sexual, physical). Among cases of CSA (7.7%; n = 40), the vast majority (92.5%; n = 37) occurred with other forms of maltreatment. Hierarchical linear mixed models indicated that pre-adoptive CSA was associated with nearly a full unit increase in BPI scores (.92; p p p
Design of 2D elastic structures with the interval parameters

In many engineering problems exact information about values of the parameters are not know exactly. One of the simplest methods of modeling uncertainty is based on the interval parameters. In order to check the safety of the structure with the interval parameters it is necessary to calculate the interval limit state function. In this paper efficient methods of calculating interval von Mises stress and displacements is presented. The concept of uncertain limit stated was applied in the designing process.
Basics of Corrosion Measurements

This chapter describes polarization methods to measure corrosion rates, the oxidizing power of the environment and corrosion protection effectiveness. It starts by explaining corrosion measurement basics and corrosions rate determination by linear polarization using the Stern-Geary equation and Tafel extrapolation. Later, the advantages of corrosion inhibitor evaluation, corrosion monitoring in process plants, and corrosion characteristic are described. Potentiodynamic polarization is included to determine passivation and critical current density. By the end of the chapter, a detailed review of recent literature explains electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Solved and exercise problems illustrate electrochemical techniques in corrosion rate measurements.
In vitro comparison of four tocolytic agents, alone and in combination.

OBJECTIVE To compare the tocolytic effects of magnesium sulfate, ritodrine, terbutaline, and nifedipine on human myometrial strips. METHODS Myometrial strips were suspended in organ chambers for isotonic measurements and contracted with KCI. STrips from nonpregnant patients were used to obtain concentration-response curves. Myometrial strips from pregnant uteri were then exposed to the molar concentrations causing 50% relaxation in the nonpregnant tissues. RESULTS In strips from nonpregnant patients, nifedipine was found to be the most potent tocolytic. Using strips from nonlaboring patients, nifedipine caused relaxation similar to ritodrine, and both were more effective than magnesium sulfate or terbutaline. Combinations were more effective than single agents. These agents were found to be equally less effective in myometrial strips from laboring patients. CONCLUSIONS Nifedipine, alone or in combination, relaxes myometrial strips more effectively than the other agents studied. Myometrial strips from laboring patients are more resistant to inhibition, with none of the agents being superior.
Ocean Data Quality Control

Automated ocean data quality procedures are presented. The procedures are logically grouped into four stages of processing, which when taken together form a complete sensor-to-prediction quality control system. The main features of the different ocean observing systems assimilated by GODAE are presented along with sources and types of errors that can occur in the data. Specific quality control procedures are described that test for these errors as well as more general procedures that estimate the consistency of the data across observing systems. Performance of the external data checks in the U.S. Navy real-time ocean data quality system is described. Finally, the importance of real-time ocean data quality control as an observing system monitoring tool is emphasized, and some specific examples are given of new quality control techniques developed in numerical weather prediction that have direct applicability in ocean data assimilation and forecasting systems.
Comparison of Work of Breathing Between Noninvasive Ventilation and Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist in a Healthy and a Lung-Injured Piglet Model

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is commonly used in neonates. A mode of NIV called neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) offers patient-ventilator interactions by using electrical activity of the diaphragm to control mechanical breaths. We hypothesized that the work of breathing (WOB) would decrease with NIV-NAVA. Secondary objectives evaluated the impact of NIV-NAVA on arterial blood gases and respiratory parameters. METHODS: We compared WOB between synchronized breaths in NIV-NAVA and NIV in piglets with healthy lungs and then with surfactant-depleted lungs. Neonatal pigs (median, 2.0 [range, 1.8–2.4] kg) with healthy and then surfactant depleted lungs were sedated and ventilated with NIV-NAVA and NIV in random order. Airway flow and pressure waveforms were acquired. Waveforms were analyzed for the pressure-time product that reflected WOB. The primary outcome between modes was assessed with repeated measurement analysis of variance. RESULTS: The pressure-time product was significantly decreased for NIV-NAVA in both healthy and injured lungs (P CONCLUSIONS: Synchronized breaths during NIV-NAVA resulted in decreased WOB compared with synchronized breaths during NIV.
WNK pathways in cancer signaling networks

The with no lysine [K] (WNK) pathway consists of the structurally unique WNK kinases, their downstream target kinases, oxidative stress responsive (OSR)1 and SPS/Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), and a multitude of OSR1/SPAK substrates including cation chloride cotransporters. While the best known functions of the WNK pathway is regulation of ion transport across cell membranes, WNK pathway components have been implicated in numerous human diseases. The goal of our review is to draw attention to how this pathway and its components exert influence on the progression of cancer, specifically by detailing WNK signaling intersections with major cell communication networks and processes. Here we describe how WNKs and associated proteins interact with and influence PI3K-AKT, TGF-β, and NF-κB signaling, as well as its unanticipated role in the regulation of angiogenesis.
Administrative Adjudication and Adjudicators

The appointment, removal, supervision and allocation of cases to Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) and other non-Article III adjudicators in the United States federal government continues to create vexing legal issues for courts and commentators. This article is an effort to address all of these issues together, to facilitate a holistic understanding of the place of non-Article III adjudicators in the federal government. The appointment question revolves around whether non-Article III adjudicators are Officers of the United States, which most are. There are two issues surrounding the removal of non-Article III adjudicators. First, for reasons sounding in due process concerns, adjudicators are usually granted a degree of independence manifested in protection from at-will removal, but it is unclear whether such insulation is actually constitutionally required. Second, the protection of adjudicators in independent agencies from at-will removal has come under scrutiny recently because the Supreme Court has determined that two levels of for-cause protection from discharge for other Officers of the United States unduly impedes the President from exercising the functions of the presidency. The issues surrounding the supervision of non-Article III adjudicators are similar to those concerning their removal, balancing the need to ensure due process against the need for centralized control of the execution of the law. The allocation of cases to non-Article III adjudicators raises concerns that grow out of Article III’s vesting of the judicial power in the federal courts. The traditional divide between public rights, freely assignable to non-Article III adjudicators, and private rights, reserved to the federal courts, has broken down. By sorting the cases more finely into distinct categories of public and private rights, this article aims to provide greater clarity concerning when assignment of cases to non-Article III adjudicators is constitutionally permissible.
A Case of Myxedema Coma Confounded by Dementia and Hypokalemia

The hallmarks of myxedema coma are decreased mental status and hypothermia; but hypotension, bradycardia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and hypoventilation may also be present. This case involves a 74-year-old female, with arthritis and dementia, who presented with weakness and failure to thrive. Physical exam was significant for altered level of consciousness, lethargy, pretibial pitting edema and hypotension. Since friends and family were absent, history was obtained per chart review. Initial labs showed severe hypokalemia of 2.0 mmol/L and associated changes of prolonged QT interval and T wave flattening on electrocardiogram (ECG). The family later revealed additional history of thyroidectomy and clarification that the patient had been noncompliant with her medications for at least 6 months. Hypothyroidism was confirmed with a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 82.2 U/mL and a free thyroxine (T4) level below normal threshold. Endocrinology was consulted and care was taken when reinstituting her thyroid supplementation after checking cortisol level as well as reviewing her ECGs. This case report illustrates the importance of checking for thyroid dysfunction especially in the elderly who present with altered mental status and unclear history as most symptoms of myxedema coma may be reversible. Furthermore, myxedema coma occurring in the setting of decompensated hypothyroidism is a medical emergency. In this case, despite timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, her cognitive function failed to improve, and as a result, palliative care was consulted. Ultimately, the family elected for hospice care due to severe dementia, bed-bound status, and failure to thrive. J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;9(3):71-76 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem574