cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has largely replaced open adrenalectomy for resection of adrenal tumors, which are not adrenocortical cancer or malignant pheochromocytoma. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy is a particularly useful technique in patients with tumors <7 cm and body mass index <45 kg/m2. When compared with laparoscopic transabdominal adrenalectomy, the laparoscopic retroperitoneal technique leads to reduced operating times, avoidance of intra-abdominal adhesions and irradiated fields, potentially less postoperative pain, and improved intraoperative hemostasis and visualization. The technique involves placement of 3 ports, dissecting the retroperitoneal space, identifying and ligating the adrenal vein, and removing the attachments to the adrenal gland. See the video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SLE/A38.
Arterial pH in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Rosponse time as a determinant of acidosis

It is unclear why some victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are severely acidotic on arrival to the emergency department (ED), whereas others have a pH within normal limits. To explain the difference among patients, the authors collected data on 119 consecutive out-of-hospital adult nontraumatic cardiac arrest victims brought to the University of Nebraska Medical Center by paramedic rescue squad between December 1982 and January 1984. Patients who experienced restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field had a normal pH (7.40 +/- 0.13) as compared with the pH of patients still receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on arrival at the ED (7.18 +/- 0.20). A rapid paramedic response time was the best determinant of ROSC and a normal pH on arrival at the ED. Bystander CPR neither significantly increased the number of patients with ROSC in the field nor protected against the development of acidosis, but did improve the neurological outcome of survivors. The presence of acidosis in patients still receiving CPR on arrival in the ED could not be predicted on the basis of paramedic response time, amount of sodium bicarbonate given in the field, whether or not the collapse was witnessed, or whether or not bystander CPR had been performed. Patients who were acidotic had a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) Paco2 (101 +/- 33 mm Hg) and a lower Pao2 (41 +/- 69 mm Hg) than patients with a normal pH (Paco2 37 +/- 10 mm Hg, Pao2 134 +/- 107 mm Hg). Adequacy of ventilation is the principal determinant of acidosis in patients who are still receiving CPR on arrival at the ED.
Analysis of Crossover Designs with a Categorical Response

In the analysis of two-period crossover designs, one frequently must consider the case of a categorical response with binary as a special case. These circumstances are considered in this paper and the proposed method—an extension of GART'S tests for the binary case—is similar to that of PIKE, CASAGRANDE and SMITH for the analysis of pair-matched case-control studies. The results are illustrated with a numerical example.
Porous silicon photoluminescence: type II-like recombination mechanism

The Letter proposes a model to explain the PL mechanism in porous silicon. It was inspired by type II semiconductor interface PL behaviour. In this model, the PS radiative recombinations involve energy levels in the silicon oxide layer. This model takes into account quantum confinement and the energy threshold above which PS PL is observed.
Economic and Social Potential of Family-supporting Services, Limits and Challenges

Due to the increase of the economic pressure on households, it is increasingly more difficult to balance family life and economic activity. Reasons for this evolution can be the increased labour market participation of women, the ageing of the population to name a few. Within the EU, different systems to offer assistance in creating a balanced social and economically active life have been established in numerous countries. However, the aims, results and general scope of these national policies differ.The main focus of this paper will be the Belgian situation, i.e. the voucher system (services cheques). Starting with a general view of the reasons of existence of family-support services, followed by the different support services policies offered in various European countries, the Belgian situation will be discussed.The voucher system in Belgium has encountered an explosive boom which brings unexpected results and side effects. These affect the country's social economical system. The paper discusses the evolution of the system. What are the reasons for the unexpected success? What are the economic and social consequences for a modern active welfare state, can growth be limitless? The paper will attempt to provide answers on these questions raised.
Permian–Triassic continental reconstruction of the Gulf of Mexico–Caribbean area

The morphology of the margins of Palaeozoic continental crust around the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea is derived from the distribution of Jurassic evaporites in the Gulf and the distribution of post-Palaeozoic arcs around the Caribbean. The Permian–Triassic position of the continental masses in this region is determined by fitting these margins together to achieve the best agreement of margin morphology and geological continuity. This model is supported by geological observations from the margins and floors of the Gulf and Caribbean and by geometrical considerations derived from continental reconstructions around the Atlantic.
Measuring Gender Satisfaction Among Women Aging With Paralytic Polio

In this study we tested the Gendered Outcome Scale as a measure of gender satisfaction among 295 women aging with the disabling effects of paralytic polio. Principal components analysis, reliability analyses, and content validity were analyzed on the scale. The scale had a Cronbach's alpha of.90. Younger women had more gender satisfaction (r =.181, p <.01), and women who had greater disability had greater gender satisfaction. (r = -.127, p <.05). The results support that the scale is a valid and reliable measure for determing gender satisfaction. Further work is needed to test the scale in diversified samples.
New results for the susceptibility of the two-dimensional Ising model at criticality

Abstract We report several new results for the susceptibility of the two-dimensional Ising model in the critical region including the exact evaluation of the constant (first regular term) in the asymptotic expansion near Tc for the ferromagnetic case.
Failure of pulsatile infusion to increase glucagon's satiating potency.

Abstract Intraportal infusions of glucagon elicit a dose-related reduction in the size of rats' spontaneous meals. The glucagon doses required to reduce meal size, however, appear large in comparison to plasma glucagon concentrations during meals. Because prandial glucagon secretion may be pulsatile, however, pulsatile glucagon infusions may reduce meal size more potently than continuous infusions. To test that hypothesis, I compared the effects of a single 2-min infusion of 6.8 μg/min glucagon and two 1-min pulses of the same glucagon concentration separated by 1 min. Glucagon was infused via the hepatic portal vein during male rats' first spontaneous meal of the last quarter of the dark phase, and meal patterns were recorded by a computer. The results did not support the hypothesis. Meal size was reduced comparably in each infusion condition (from ∼3.1 g in the control conditions to ∼2.3 g after continuous glucagon infusion and ∼2.2 g after pulsatile infusion). This result is discussed in relation to tests of glucagon antibody administration that indicate endogenous glucagon is a physiological control of meal size in rats. Additionally, in contrast to previous reports, glucagon infusion during late dark spontaneous meals decreased the length of the subsequent intermeal intervals, suggesting that glucagon's satiating effect was transient.
Jesuit Sensuality and Feminist Bodies

The stated goal of Donna Haraway's “Cyborg feminism” is to liberate sensuality from violence. In examining her book alongside that of Jesuit Toletus it becomes clear that both argue that sensuality is a place of metaphysical violence. The first two sections of the essay demonstrate this, and, in addition that Toletus' commentary on Aquinas is hardly accurate. This fact will help justify the claim that the Jesuit tradition includes a rather particular theory of sensuality, the origin of which is perhaps Giles of Rome. A third section shows how the Jesuit Gaston Fessard rediscovered Aquinas' own theory of sensuality through a thoroughgoing critique of Hegelian and Marxist dialectic. The essay concludes that Haraway would do well to adopt Aquinas' non-violent theory of sensuality as her own.
Occupational asthma induced by inhalation and ingestion of garlic

Repeated exposure to garlic dust induced severe asthma in an atopic patient. Subsequently, the patient also developed marked adverse responses after ingestion of garlic. Immunologic investigations carried out in an asymptomatic period revealed significant skin reactivity and bronchospasm after challenge with both garlic dust and extract. The results of a controlled oral challenge test to garlic dust were also positive. The patient's serum contained unusually high quantities of garlic-specific IgE. Cross allergenicity between garlic and other members of the Liliaceae family were documented by the RAST inhibition technique.
Combining dynamical decoupling with fault-tolerant quantum computation

We study how dynamical decoupling (DD) pulse sequences can improve the reliability of quantum computers. We prove upper bounds on the accuracy of DD-protected quantum gates and derive sufficient conditions for DD-protected gates to outperform unprotected gates. Under suitable conditions, fault-tolerant quantum circuits constructed from DD-protected gates can tolerate stronger noise and have a lower overhead cost than fault-tolerant circuits constructed from unprotected gates. Our accuracy estimates depend on the dynamics of the bath that couples to the quantum computer and can be expressed either in terms of the operator norm of the bath’s Hamiltonian or in terms of the power spectrum of bath correlations; we explain in particular how the performance of recursively generated concatenated pulse sequences can be analyzed from either viewpoint. Our results apply to Hamiltonian noise models with limited spatial correlations.
Deep proteomics of the Xenopus laevis egg using an mRNA-derived reference database.

Summary Background: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the global identification and quantification of proteins and their posttranslational modifications in complex biological samples. However, proteomic analysis requires a complete and accurate reference set of proteins and is therefore largely restricted to model organisms with sequenced genomes. Results:Here,wedemonstratethefeasibilityofdeepgenomefree proteomics by using a reference proteome derived from heterogeneous mRNA data. We identify more than 11,000 proteins with 99% confidence from the unfertilized Xenopus laeviseggandestimateproteinabundance withapproximately 2-fold precision. Our reference database outperforms the provisional gene models based on genomic DNA sequencing and references generated by other methods. Surprisingly, we find that many proteins in the egg lack mRNA support and that many of these proteins are found in blood or liver, suggesting that they are taken up from the blood plasma, together with yolk,duringoocyte growthandmaturation, potentiallycontributing to early embryogenesis. Conclusion: To facilitate proteomics in nonmodel organisms, we make our platform available as an online resource that converts heterogeneous mRNA data into a protein reference set. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility and power of genomefree proteomics while shedding new light on embryogenesis in vertebrates.
Nietzsche and Corneille

(1957). Nietzsche and Corneille. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 225-239.
Silicosis and Tuberculosis

Two subjects had silicosis complicated by tuberculosis. In both patients, there was a relapse of the tuberculosis after chemotherapy was discontinued, in one case after 13 years of therapy with isoniazid and p-aminosalicylic acid. It would appear that the risk of tuberculosis in subjects with silicosis persists for life, and the suggestion is made that chemotherapy should be continued indefinitely.
Microbial community response to varying magnitudes of desiccation in soil: A test of the osmolyte accumulation hypothesis

Abstract Numerous studies have observed the physiological responses of soil microorganisms to water stress caused by soil drying, however, only a few have attempted to assess the microbial response in soil in situ. An experiment was conducted to analyze the change in extractable metabolites, particularly sugars and amino acids, in soil and the associated microbial community at various intensities of soil desiccation. Water potential was manipulated in two soils, Marietta and Sumter, representing relatively moist and drought-prone water regimes, respectively. The matric potential of the soils was maintained relatively moist at −0.03 MPa or lowered to −1.5, −4.5, −10, −20 and −40 MPa by air drying over ∼3 days. We hypothesized that microbial communities inhabiting the drought-prone Sumter would accumulate more osmolytes, and that the soil with a relatively moist water regime, the Marietta, may have communities less adaptable to water stress, have fewer osmolytes, and show evidence for greater microbial turnover and death. However, there was no evidence that the soils responded to drying by accumulating osmolytes or that there was greater microbial turnover and death related to soil type. Microbial community structure did change with drying, however, with greater fungal-to-bacterial biomass in the Sumter but not in Marietta soil. A significant increase of ∼10–25% in phenol sulfuric acid analyzable sugars (PSA-sugars) at intermediate levels (−4.5 MPa) of drying was observed compared to dryer and more moist conditions. However, the GC–MS derived quantities of polyols (glucitol, inositol and xylitol), sugars, and amino acids showed few strong and consistent patterns with level of desiccation. These results provide some of the first evidence that microbial communities in soil in situ do not strongly rely on these basic osmolytes to cope with typical soil water deficits. In natural soils, we propose that microbial communities respond differently to water deficits perhaps through re-allocation of C to cell wall mucilage, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and phospholipids, than organisms in culture, perhaps a consequence of low energy and limiting supplies of N.
Intermolecular cleavage by UmuD-like enzymes: identification of residues required for cleavage and substrate specificity.

The UmuD-like proteins are best characterized for their role in damage-induced SOS mutagenesis. An essential step in this process is the enzymatic self-processing of the UmuD-like proteins. This reaction is thought to occur either via an intramolecular or intermolecular self-cleavage mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that it can also occur via an heterologous intermolecular cleavage reaction. The Escherichia coli UmuD enzyme demonstrated the broadest substrate specificity, cleaving both E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium UmuD substrates in vivo. In comparison, the wild-type S. typhimurium UmuD (UmuDSt) and MucA enzymes catalyzed intermolecular self-cleavage, but did not facilitate heterologous cleavage. Heterologous cleavage by the UmuDSt enzyme was, however, observed with chimeric UmuD substrates that possess residues 30-55 of UmuDSt. We have further localized the residue predominantly responsible for UmuDSt-catalyzed heterologous cleavage to Ser50 in the substrate molecule. We hypothesize that changes at this residue affect the positioning of the cleavage site of a substrate molecule within the catalytic cleft of the UmuDSt enzyme by affecting the formation of a so-called UmuD "filament-dimer". This hypothesis is further supported by the observation that mutations known to disrupt an E. coli UmuD' filament dimer also block intermolecular UmuDEc cleavage.
Glycosyltransferase Activity Can Be Modulated by Small Conformational Changes of Acceptor Substrates

A range of N-acetyllactosamine derivatives (compounds 4−7) that have restricted mobilities around their glycosidic linkages have been employed to determine how small changes in conformational prope...
Dependence of Gorlin formula and continuity equation valve areas on transvalvular volume flow rate in valvular aortic stenosis.

BACKGROUNDValve areas derived by the Gorlin formula have been observed to vary with transvalvular volume flow rate. Continuity equation valve areas calculated from Doppler-echo data have become a widely used alternate index of stenosis severity, but it is unclear whether continuity equation valve areas also vary with volume flow rate. This study was designed to investigate the effects of changing transvalvular volume flow rate on aortic valve areas calculated using both the Gorlin formula and the continuity equation in a model of chronic valvular aortic stenosis.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing a canine model of chronic valvular aortic stenosis in which anatomy and hemodynamics are similar to those of degenerative aortic stenosis, each subject (n = 8) underwent three studies at 2-week intervals. In each study, transvalvular volume flow rates were altered with saline or dobutamine infusion (mean, 10.3 +/- 5.1 flow rates per study). Simultaneous measurements were made of hemodynamics using micromanometer-tipped cat...
Risk models for analyzing pilot-error at US airlines: a comparative safety study

Pilot-error is the major cause of accidents in airline operations. This paper proposes two risk models for analyzing pilot-error at US airlines. The focus is on whether airline-specific factors (the name of the airlines) are useful in predicting pilot-error. This is the first study that reliably models pilot-error accident and incident rates on an airline-by-airline basis. The results indicate that airline-specific factors generally were not useful predictors of pilot-error. Moreover, any predicted influence of an individual airline was substantially less than for the pilot-specific factors of age and experience. Thus, the paper illustrates the difficulty of trying to compare airlines on the basis of safety. By analyzing factors associated with pilot-error, policy-makers can more effectively manage and reduce the risk of airline accidents and incidents.
‘The rules of civilized warfare’: Scientists, soldiers, civilians, and American nuclear targeting, 1940 – 1945

Abstract This essay explores the evolution of American nuclear targeting during World War II. Initial discussions in Washington focused on the use of the bomb against a military target. The assumption that cities would be the primary target for the atomic bomb apparently originated at Los Alamos in 1943 – 44, largely as a result of technical concerns related to the delivery and functioning of the weapon. Some high-level officials in Washington voiced reservations about the use of nuclear weapons against primarily civilian targets. Ultimately, the accumulated momentum of previous technical decisions and a desire to use the bomb as quickly as possible for military-diplomatic reasons convinced the President and his advisors to overcome reservations about targeting Japanese cities and civilians.
Managing Risks and Maintaining a Competitive Edge in Today's Outsourcing Environment

Summary form only given. In today's highly competitive market and rapidly changing economy, businesses must continually make choices if they are to survive, choices that set themselves apart from the pack. Consequently, some of the most important choices a company must make are strategic, and are the responsibility of Management. For this reason, taking into consideration the current business environment where the creation of value in the eyes of the customer and the shareholder is paramount, it is nearly impossible to survive without outsourcing some part of the business. In fact, manufacturing outsourcing is one area in particular, due to the competitive pressures, where very few companies can afford to ignore. However, outsourcing is not a risk-free adventure. Two of the most substantial risks that companies face when outsourcing to a manufacturing contractor is creating a competitor and counterfeiting. Thus, the objective of this research is to determine the risks companies have encountered when outsourcing their manufacturing specifically focusing on current academic literature, case studies, and empirical data, then propose a framework for evaluating and mitigating those risks. For decades, companies have been facing the challenge of finding the right balance of outsourcing and in- house development/manufacturing. It is commonly believed that the company should keep its core expertise in house, outsource the rest to remain competitive and watch its bottom line. However, when looking at the issue in greater depth, it becomes clear that this is an over simplification of the outsourcing dynamics. To give a few examples, what was not core competency yesterday, may become core competency a year or two down the road, so a vision and roadmap is a necessary part of core competency definition. The markets shift, companies launch new product lines, and decide to leave one business and enter another. To exemplify, outsourcing strategy needs to account for these dynamics as today's contract manufacturer may become the competitor very easily if the company decides to pursue vertical integration strategy. Moreover, it is easy to outsource a component that was developed in house, but without an effective feedback loop, the company may start loosing touch with what is feasible when developing the next overall design. In addition, the relationship, which started out as an exclusive agreement between the company and contract manufacturer (CM), dynamically changes if the contract manufacturer accepts a new client who is a competitor of the company. As a result, is the company better off outsourcing as much as possible to the most trustful contract manufacturer, or should it hedge its bets and outsource to many different CMs despite quality differentiation? Equally important, how will the company cope when the contract manufacturer decides to exit the business, or is subjected to an acquisition or merger? These and other questions present a formidable challenge to any enterprise this day and age.
Synthesis of Boron-Containing ADP and GDP Analogues: Nucleoside 5′-(P-Boranodiphosphates)

New 5′-(Pα-boronated) analogues of the naturally occurring nucleoside diphosphates ADP and GDP were synthesized in good yields, i.e., adenosine 5′-(Pα-boranodiphosphate) (ADPαB; 5a) and guanosine 5′-(Pα-boranodiphosphate) (GDPαB; 5b). Their diastereoisomers were successfully separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and chemical structures were established via spectroscopic methods. The isoelectronic substitution of borane (BH3) for one of the non-bridging O-atoms in phosphate diesters should impart an increase in lipophilicity and change in polarity in ADPαB and GDPαB. The boronated nucleoside diphosphates could be employed for investigations of the stereochemical course and metal requirements of enzymatic reactions involving ADP and GDP, and as carriers of 10B in boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) for the treatment of cancer.
Assessment of depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial adenocarcinoma

Depth of myometrial invasion in stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is recognized as a prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis and overall survival. To determine if depth of myometrial invasion estimated by gross examination correlated with final histologic depth of invasion, we retrospectively reviewed all cases of surgical stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma treated at our institution between July 1985 and July 1988. Of the 113 evaluable patients, 63 had grade 1 lesions, 37 grade 2 lesions, and 13 grade 3 lesions. The depth of invasion was accurately determined by gross examination in 55 of 63 (87.3%) grade 1 lesions, 24 of 37 (64.9%) grade 2 lesions, and only 4 of 13 (30.8%) grade 3 lesions. Thus, gross examination of fresh tissue to estimate depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial adenocarcinoma is less reliable as the grade of the tumor increases. Alternative methods, such as frozen section, should be considered when evaluating depth of invasion, especially when this affects intraoperative decisions regarding lymph node sampling.
Use of intraoperative ultrasound in excision of multiple schwannomas of the thigh.

Schwannomatosis is a rare neoplastic condition of unclear etiology characterized by multiple schwannomas in the absence of other manifestations of neurofibromatosis. In very rare cases, these tumors develop in an isolated region of the body. Complete removal of these tumors presents a surgical challenge because they are often small and difficult to locate. We found that intraoperative sonography offers invaluable assistance in such cases by localizing small schwannomas and decreasing operative time and extent of the surgical dissection. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound33:360–363, 2005
Exact quantization of certain rotational Hamiltonians and the quantum Euler problem

Abstract The exact quantization of a class of rotational problems arising in non-linear dynamics is connected to Lame's and Heun's equation.
Nuclear receptors in bile acid metabolism.

Bile acids are signaling molecules that activate nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and vitamin D receptor, and play a critical role in the regulation of lipid, glucose, energy, and drug metabolism. These xenobiotic/endobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors regulate phase I oxidation, phase II conjugation, and phase III transport in bile acid and drug metabolism in the digestive system. Integration of bile acid metabolism with drug metabolism controls absorption, transport, and metabolism of nutrients and drugs to maintain metabolic homeostasis and also protects against liver injury, inflammation, and related metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. Bile-acid–based drugs targeting nuclear receptors are in clinical trials for treating cholestatic liver diseases and fatty liver disease.
Photochemical control of endogenous ion channels and cellular excitability

Light-activated ion channels provide a precise and noninvasive optical means for controlling action potential firing, but the genes encoding these channels must first be delivered and expressed in target cells. Here we describe a method for bestowing light sensitivity onto endogenous ion channels that does not rely on exogenous gene expression. The method uses a synthetic photoisomerizable small molecule, or photoswitchable affinity label (PAL), that specifically targets K+ channels. PALs contain a reactive electrophile, enabling covalent attachment of the photoswitch to naturally occurring nucleophiles in K+ channels. Ion flow through PAL-modified channels is turned on or off by photoisomerizing PAL with different wavelengths of light. We showed that PAL treatment confers light sensitivity onto endogenous K+ channels in isolated rat neurons and in intact neural structures from rat and leech, allowing rapid optical regulation of excitability without genetic modification.
Hurricanes 2004: An Overview of Their Characteristics and Coastal Change

Four hurricanes battered the state of Florida during 2004, the most affecting any state since Texas endured four in 1884. Each of the storms changed the coast differently. Average shoreline change within the right front quadrant of hurricane force winds varied from 1 m of shoreline advance to 20 m of retreat, whereas average sand volume change varied from 11 to 66 m3 m−1 of net loss (erosion). These changes did not scale simply with hurricane intensity as described by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The strongest storm of the season, category 4 Hurricane Charley, had the least shoreline retreat. This was likely because of other factors like the storm's rapid forward speed and small size that generated a lower storm surge than expected. Two of the storms, Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, affected nearly the same area on the Florida east coast just 3 wk apart. The first storm, Frances, although weaker than the second, caused greater shoreline retreat and sand volume erosion. As a consequence, Hurricane Frances may have stripped away protective beach and exposed dunes to direct wave attack during Jeanne, although there was significant dune erosion during both storms. The maximum shoreline change for all four hurricanes occurred during Ivan on the coasts of eastern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. The net volume change across a barrier island within the Ivan impact zone approached zero because of massive overwash that approximately balanced erosion of the beach. These data from the 2004 hurricane season will prove useful in developing new ways to scale and predict coastal-change effects during hurricanes.
A New Min-Cut Max-Flow Ratio for Multicommodity Flows

In this paper we present a new bound on the min-cut max-flow ratio for multicommodity flow problems with specified demands. For multicommodity flows, this is a generalization of the well-known relationship between the capacity of a minimum cut and the value of the maximum flow of a single commodity flow problem. For multicommodity flows, capacity of a cut is scaled by the demand that has to cross the cut to obtain the numerator of this ratio. In the denominator, the maximum concurrent flow value is used. Currently, the best known bound for this ratio is proportional to $\log(k)$, where $k$ is the number of origin-destination pairs with positive demand. Our new bound is proportional to $\log(k^*)$, where $k^*$ is the cardinality of the minimum cardinality vertex cover of the demand graph. To obtain this bound, we start with a so-called aggregated commodity formulation of the maximum concurrent flow problem with $k^*$ commodities. We also show a similar bound for the maximum multicommodity flow problem. The new bound is proportional to $\min\{\log(k^*), k^{**}\}$, where $k^{**}$ denotes the size of the of the demand graph.
Depletion of Deoxyribonucleotide Pools is an Endogenous Source of DNA Damage in Cells Undergoing Oncogene-Induced Senescence

In normal human cells, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) depends on induction of DNA damage response. Oxidative stress and hyperreplication of genomic DNA have been proposed as major causes of DNA damage in OIS cells. Here, we report that down-regulation of deoxyribonucleoside pools is another endogenous source of DNA damage in normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) undergoing HRAS G12V -induced senescence. NHF-HRAS G12V cells underexpressed thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR), two enzymes required for the entire de novo deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, and possessed low dNTP levels. Chromatin at the promoters of the genes encoding TS and RR was enriched with retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 9. Importantly, ectopic coexpression of TS and RR or addition of deoxyribonucleosides substantially suppressed DNA damage, senescence-associated phenotypes, and proliferation arrest in two types of NHF-expressing HRAS G12V . Reciprocally, short hairpin RNA-mediated suppression of TS and RR caused DNA damage and senescence in NHFs, although less efficiently than HRAS G12V . However, overexpression of TS and RR in quiescent NHFs did not overcome proliferation arrest, suggesting that unlike quiescence, OIS requires depletion of dNTP pools and activated DNA replication. Our data identify a previously unknown role of deoxyribonucleotides in regulation of OIS.
Signature sequence adaptation for DS-CDMA with multipath

Joint transmitter-receiver adaptation is studied for the reverse link of a direct sequence-code division multiple access system with short signature sequences. The signature for a particular user is computed at the receiver and transmitted back to the transmitter via a feedback channel. A reduced-rank transmitter adaptation scheme is presented in which the signature is constrained to lie in a lower dimensional subspace. This allows a tradeoff between system performance and the number of estimated parameters. Analytical and simulation results show that adaptation of relatively few transmitter coefficients can lead to significant performance improvements. Adaptive algorithms are derived for estimating the transmitter coefficients in the presence of multipath. We consider both collective optimization, in which the users adapt together to improve a global system performance criterion, and individual optimization, in which the signature for a particular user is adapted to optimize individual performance. Numerical results are presented, which show that both individual and collective joint transmitter-receiver adaptation can effectively preequalize the channel and avoid interference at high loads.
Effects of reduced pressure and vibration on haz‐mat packages for liquids

Eleven different bottle/closure systems used to package dangerous goods for transportation by air were tested for leakage. The bottles were filled with water and subjected to the combined effects of random vibration and external pressure equivalent to an altitude of 14000ft (4267m) for up to an hour. The bottles were placed in the vertical, horizontal and inverted orientations and observed for leaks. The differences in bottle weights before and after the tests were used to quantify leakage. The results show that of the 11 package types tested, six leaked when subjected to simulation of the air transport environment. Those systems utilizing ‘stretch tape’ around the closure did not leak. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substance Abuse and Motherhood

Few studies report any information on the motherhood status of Ihe clients in substance abuse treatment, and even fewer explore the role of children on the recovery process. We report descriptive data on 49 substance abusing women, 32 of' whom were the primary caretakers of minor-aged children.
Role of chest CT in patients with negative chest x-rays referred for hepatic colorectal metastases.

Background: Hepatic resection is the standard treatment for hepatic colorectal metastases. The lung represents the next most likely site, after the liver, of metastatic disease. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is more sensitive than is chest x-ray in detecting metastatic lung lesions. However, the usefulness of chest CT in the evaluation of patients before hepatic resection remains uncertain. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with negative chest x-rays and potentially resectable hepatic colorectal metastases underwent chest CT. Patients with CT findings suggestive of meta-static disease were subjected to thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) before laparotomy and attempted hepatic resection. The operative findings and clinical course were analyzed. Results: Eleven of 100 patients had a positive chest CT. Four of these 11 patients had malignant lesions of the lung (three metastatic colorectal cancers and one primary lung cancer). There was no difference in median total hospital stay (8.5 days [range 7 to 13 days] vs. 8.0 days [range 3 to 49 days]), number of perioperative deaths (0 vs. 2 deaths), or long-term outcome between those patients with a positive chest CT undergoing thoracotomy/VATS and those patients with a negative chest CT. Overall, chest CT provided a positive yield of 4% and a positive predictive value of 36% for the detection of malignant lesions of the lung. Conclusions: Chest CT only minimally improved detection of malignant lesions of the lung over chest x-ray. Thoracotomy/VATS and wedge resection of lung nodules did not adversely affect outcome. The low positive yield and low positive predictive value of chest CT in the setting of a negative chest x-ray places in question the usefulness of routinely performing chest CT as part of the extent-of-disease work-up before hepatic resection.
Intraoral isolated herpes zoster

A case of herpes zoster limited to the right palate and the edentulous alveolar ridge in the absence of concurrent skin lesions or predisposing systemic disease is presented. Because of the relative rarity of isolated mucous membrane lesions of this viral disease, the tendency for intraoral vesicles to break down and ulcerate early, and, in this patient, the additional clinical findings of marked swelling and induration, malignancy rather than herpes zoster was suspected; cytologic smear furthered the suggestion of the former. A biopsy provided the definitive diagnosis.
Delayed cervical palsy following cervical spine fusion leads to an increase in hospital-related costs.

OBJECT Delayed cervical palsy (DCP) is a known complication following cervical spine surgery. While most DCPs eventually improve, they can result in significant temporary disability. Postoperative complications affect hospital length of stay (LOS) as well as overall hospital cost. The authors sought to determine the hospital cost of DCP after cervical spine fusion operations. METHODS A retrospective review of patients undergoing cervical fusion for degenerative disease at the Mayo Clinic from 2008 to 2012 was performed. Patients who developed DCPs not attributable to intraoperative trauma were included. All nonoperative-related costs were compared with similar costs in a control group matched according to age, sex, and surgical approach. All costs and services were reflective of the standard costs for the current year. Raw cost data were presented using ratios due to institutional policy against publishing cost data. RESULTS There were 27 patients (18 men, 9 women) who underwent fusion and developed a DCP...
Electron precipitation patterns and substorm morphology

Patterns of the precipitation of low energy electrons observed by polar satellites were examined as functions of substorm phase. Precipitation boundaries are generally identifiable at the low latitude edge of polar cusp electron precipitation and at the poleward edge of precipitation in the premidnight sector. Both of these boundaries move equatorward when the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward.
The CRYPTOCHROME Photoreceptor Gates PDF Neuropeptide Signaling to Set Circadian Network Hierarchy in Drosophila

Circadian clocks in the brain are organized as coupled oscillators that integrate seasonal cues such as light and temperature to time daily behaviors. In Drosophila, the PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) neuropeptide-expressing morning (M) and non-PDF evening (E) cells are coupled cell groups important for morning and evening behavior, respectively. Depending on day length, either M cells (short days) or E cells (long days) dictate both the morning and the evening phase, a phenomenon that we term network hierarchy. To examine the role of PDF in light-dark conditions, we examined flies lacking both the PDF receptor (PDFR) and the circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). We found that subsets of E cells exhibit molecular oscillations antiphase to those of wild-type flies, single cry mutants, or single Pdfr mutants, demonstrating a potent role for PDF in light-mediated entrainment, specifically in the absence of CRY. Moreover, we find that the evening behavioral phase is more strongly reset by PDF(+) M cells in the absence of CRY. On the basis of our findings, we propose that CRY can gate PDF signaling to determine behavioral phase and network hierarchy.
Commentary on "Study of Acoustic Parameters in Binary Mixture at Variable Frequencies"

Errors are noted in several of the experimental and calculated values pertaining to density and adiabatic compressibility reported in the published paper by Nath et al. Excess adiabatic compressibilities reported in the paper are shown to be calculated from an incorrect thermodynamic expression.
Heat Transfer Processes in Low-Heat-Rejection Diesel Engines

The past five years have seen considerable interest in the possibility of constructing diesel engines in which all or part of the combustion chamber is insulated from the environment. either by ceramic materials or by high-temperature alloys backed with an air gap. It is hoped that such a design will permit engine mass to be reduced by the elimination of water cooling, and engine efficiency to be increased by the use of a secondary cycle to extract heat from the exhaust gases. In assessing the practicality of an uncooled engine, it is essential to establish the degree of insulation achievable by a proposed design. This requires identification of the principal heat loss mechanisms. This paper describes the construction of a three-dimensional time-varying combustion-chamber model, and shows that the cyclic motion of the piston leads to an important heat loss not calculable by static models. Insulation is shown to increase the importance of this loss mechanism. Estimates of the loss are given. By adapting me...
Big data in reciprocal space: Sliding fast Fourier transforms for determining periodicity

Significant advances in atomically resolved imaging of crystals and surfaces have occurred in the last decade allowing unprecedented insight into local crystal structures and periodicity. Yet, the analysis of the long-range periodicity from the local imaging data, critical to correlation of functional properties and chemistry to the local crystallography, remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a Sliding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filter to analyze atomically resolved images of in-situ grown La5/8Ca3/8MnO3 (LCMO) films. We demonstrate the ability of sliding FFT algorithm to differentiate two sub-lattices, resulting from a mixed-terminated surface. Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis of the Sliding FFT dataset reveal the distinct changes in crystallography, step edges, and boundaries between the multiple sub-lattices. The implications for the LCMO system are discussed. The method is universal for images with any periodicity, and is especially amenable to atomically resolved probe and electron-microscopy data for rapid identification of the sub-lattices present.
RAD53 is limiting in double-strand break repair and in protection against toxicity associated with ribonucleotide reductase inhibition

The yeast Chk2/Chk1 homolog Rad53 is a central component of the DNA damage checkpoint system. While it controls genotoxic stress responses such as cell cycle arrest, replication fork stabilization and increase in dNTP pools, little is known about the consequences of reduced Rad53 levels on the various cellular endpoints or about its roles in dealing with chronic vs. acute genotoxic challenges. Using a tetraploid gene dosage model in which only one copy of the yeast RAD53 is functional (simplex), we found that the simplex strain was not sensitive to acute UV radiation or chronic MMS exposure. However, the simplex strain was sensitized to chronic exposure of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU). Surprisingly, reduced RAD53 gene dosage did not affect sensitivity to HU acute exposure, indicating that immediate checkpoint responses and recovery from HU-induced stress were not compromised. Interestingly, cells of most of the colonies that arise after chronic HU exposure acquired heritable resistance to HU. We also found that short HU exposure before and after treatment of G2 cells with ionizing radiation (IR) reduced the capability of RAD53 simplex cells to repair DSBs, in agreement with sensitivity of RAD53 simplex strain to high doses of IR. We propose that a modest reduction in Rad53 activity can impact the activation of the ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit Rnr1 following stress, reducing the ability to generate nucleotide pools sufficient for DNA repair and replication. At the same time, reduced Rad53 activity may lead to genome instability and to the acquisition of drug resistance before and/or during the chronic exposure to HU. These results have implications for developing drug enhancers as well as for understanding mechanisms of drug resistance in cells compromised for DNA damage checkpoint.
Protective effect of thiol compounds against cadmium-induced vascular damage to testis.

To determine whether the cysteine and glutathione BAL sulfur-containing compounds methionine and sodium thiosulfate would protect the testis from cadmium damage mature male mice were treated with 1 of these compounds and injected with .012 m.M/kg of cadmium chloride and killed 6 days later. Histological examination of the testis showed that only cysteine and BAL gave complete protection against testicular damage. When given 30 minutes before or 30 minutes after cadmium cysteine was completely effective in preventing testicular damage. In most mice testicular damage was prevented when cysteine was given 3 hours after injection. There was no protection against cadmium damage when cysteine was given 3 hours before cadmium injection. Irreversible damage did not take place until after 3 hours after cadmium administration. BAL was more efficient than cysteine in protecting the testis against damage in terms of the S:Cd ratio but to exert the block it had to be given 6 hours before the cadmium injection. This is probably due to the transformation of BAL necessary to produce testis protection. Sulfhydryl systems may exert their protective effect by acting on or with the vascular permeability and inflammatory responses of the involved tissue. The inflammatory response of only the testicular blood vessels suggests they may have biochemical properties different from other blood vessels. Protection offered by glutathione was inconsistent. Methionine and sodium thiosulfate offered no protection from testicular damage induced by cadmium.
Application of a rapid and reliable method for determination of hexosamine in the skin of estrogen-treated rats.

Abstract A procedure which allows rapid and reproducible quantitation of hexosamine in tissue hydrolyzates has been devised. Elimination of specific tedious and cumbersome details from previously reported procedures results in an efficient and reliable method for hexosamine determination. The improved method was employed for the determination of skin hexosamine of estradiol benzoate treated and control rats. Differences were demonstrated in the quantity of hexosamine in dry fat-free skin and in total skin of male and female estradiol benzoate treated rats.
Cross-Situational Consistency of Affective Experiences Across Cultures

This study examined cross-situational consistency of affective experiences using an experience-sampling method in Japan, India, and the United States. Participants recorded their moods and situations when signaled at random moments for 7 days. The authors examined relative (interindividual) consistency and absolute (within-person) consistency. They found stable interindividual differences of affective experiences across various situations (mean r =.52 for positive affect.51 for negative affect) and cultural invariance of the cross-situational consistency of affective experiences. Simultaneously, the authors found a considerable degree of within-person cross-situational variation in affective experiences, and cultural differences in within-person cross-situational consistency. Thus, global affective traits exist among non-Western samples, but the degree to which situations exert an influence on the absolute level of affective experience varies across cultures.