cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining Kinetics of Reversible and Irreversible Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Biofilms have become increasingly problematic in efficacious treatment of patient infections due to their tenacious survival, association with chronic and medical device-associated infections, and ...
Does Health IT Save Money and Lives? New Evidence from Vendor Heterogeneity

We examine how vendor heterogeneity and the timing of adoption affect EMR performance in U.S. hospitals. Although the government has invested billions to incentivize health information technology, there is little evidence showing that it is producing the anticipated effects. Based on a national sample and an IV approach, we find that the impact of EMR adoption on Medicare payments, various hospital charges, 30-day mortality, and adverse drug events varies substantially by vendor. Not all certified EMRs lead to cost savings and/or improved outcomes. Our results suggest that vendor differences matter and offer evidence to help inform the policy debate over government incentive programs for health IT adoption.
Randomized Linear Algebra Approaches to Estimate the Von Neumann Entropy of Density Matrices

The von Neumann entropy, named after John von Neumann, is the extension of classical entropy concepts to the field of quantum mechanics and, from a numerical perspective, can be computed simply by computing all the eigenvalues of a density matrix, an operation that could be prohibitively expensive for large-scale density matrices. We present and analyze two randomized algorithms to approximate the von Neumann entropy of density matrices: our algorithms leverage recent developments in the Randomized Numerical Linear Algebra (RandNLA) literature, such as randomized trace estimators, provable bounds for the power method, and the use of Taylor series and Chebyschev polynomials to approximate matrix functions. Both algorithms come with provable accuracy guarantees and our experimental evaluations support our theoretical findings showing considerable speedup with small accuracy loss.
Neurochemical Indices of GABA Utilization in the Nigro-striatal System

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the neurochemical indices of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) utilization in the nigrostriatal system. It presents evidence which suggests that GABA synapses in striatum and substantia nigra (SN) play mutually counterposing roles and respond to the changes in DA transmission in a reciprocal fashion. To estimate the rate of synthesis and utilization of GABA in vivo, the GABA accumulation in discrete brain regions have been examined following the local intracerebral microinjection of an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase (GABA-T). To verify the functional significance of changes in nigral GABA content or turnover, the neuroleptic-induced activation of dopamine (DA) synthesis have been examined in the nigrostriatal DA neurons. Several populations of neurons in the SN are subject to the influence of GABA. One of these populations is the DA-containing cell group located in the pars compacta region of SN which sends terminals into the ipsilateral striatum.
Lean Management Method for Distribution Network Assets Operation and Maintenance Based on RFID

Aiming at the problems of large workload, low efficiency of distribution network assets management and the inability of traditional technical which means to meet the requirement of lean asset management brought by the rapid expansion of distribution network scale, a lean management method for distribution network assets operation and maintenance based on RFID is proposed by studying the RFID tags direct scanning technology, internet of things technology, big-data processing technology. The proposed method has been applied to the lean management system for distribution network assets operation and maintenance. The pilot application in some cities indicates that with the traditional methods of power network assets management, the proposed method can achieve the functions of real-time access, maintenance and data verification of distribution network assets, ensure the consistency, real-time and synchronization of distribution network assets information, reduce the workload of distribution network assets information management, and can significantly improve the accuracy of asset information and the ease of control in the process of operation and maintenance.
BDNF augments rat internal anal sphincter smooth muscle tone via RhoA/ROCK signaling and nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation via increased NO release.

These studies for the first time to our knowledge demonstrate that increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; conceivably released from smooth muscle cells and/or the enteric neur...
Two Vietoris-type isomorphism theorems in Borsuk's theory of shape, concerning the Vietoris-Cech homology and Borsuk's fundamental groups

Publisher Summary This chapter proves two isomorphism theorems of the Vietoris-type in the realm of Borsuk's theory of shape, where fundamental sequences play the role of mappings: one for Borsuk's fundamental groups and one for Vietoris homology groups. To formulate such theorems in shape theory, one has to introduce first the notion of a fundamental sequence onto (corresponding to a mapping onto) and a condition corresponding to Vietoris assumption on the acyclicity of the inverse images of points.
Impact of DNA Damage Response and Repair (DDR) Gene Mutations on Efficacy of PD-(L)1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: DNA damage response and repair (DDR) gene alterations are associated with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, higher genomic instability, and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) in cancer. Whether DDR alterations are associated with clinical outcomes to programmed death ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] blockade in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. Experimental Design: Tumors from patients treated with PD-(L)1 inhibitors were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Cancers were categorized on the basis of the presence or absence of deleterious mutations across a panel of 53 DDR genes. Clinical outcomes to PD-(L)1 inhibitors were evaluated according to DDR mutation status. Results: Of 266 patients with successful NGS who received PD-(L)1 inhibitors, 132 (49.6%) were identified as having deleterious DDR mutations (DDR-positive). DDR-positive and DDR-negative groups were similar in terms of baseline clinicopathologic characteristics. The median TMB was significantly higher in the DDR-positive group compared with the DDR-negative group (12.1 vs. 7.6 mutations/megabase; P Conclusions: Deleterious DDR mutations are frequent in NSCLC and are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC treated with PD-(L)1 blockade.
Transit-based job accessibility and urban spatial structure

Abstract Job accessibility is a measure of people, opportunities, and transportation system that are fundamental elements of urban spatial structure. Therefore, job accessibility can be used as a tool to understand urban spatial structure. Studying transit-based job accessibility can provide more insight into inner cities. To study transit-based job accessibility, a person-based approach is needed in order to take full consideration of the elements. However, person-based approaches are substantially restricted by the availability of individual trip data. This paper takes a simulation approach to study transit-based job accessibility. First, transit-dependent worker agents are generated using a population synthesis. Then the agents are enabled with job search and commuting capabilities. Once the agents are deployed in a commuting simulation, individual commuting trips are recorded. An individual job accessibility index is developed based on simulated commuting trips. The index is normalized with an expected value of 1.0 and a measurable uncertainty level, which makes it easy to interpret and suitable for cross-regional studies. A case study is conducted in Tucson, Arizona, where about 10,000 transit-dependent worker agents produce more than 600,000 individual commuting trips during morning and afternoon peak hours. Census block, group-level job accessibility shows a random spatial pattern that coincides with a dispersed urban spatial structure of the case study area.
Calibrating SLEUTH with big data: Projecting California's land use to 2100

Abstract This study investigated the spatial consistency of the SLEUTH urban growth and land use change model using a massive data set. The research asks whether SLEUTH can yield both a reliable forecast of land use in the state of California for the year 2100 CE, and an assessment of the forecast's reliability. Data were prepared, and SLEUTH calibrated for 174 tiles made by partitioning the data within the 6 California State Plane Zones. A null hypothesis that all data divisions of California would give similar calibration outcomes so that a uniform simulated rate of growth would apply to statewide future simulations was proven false by mapping and Moran's I values. Spatial autocorrelation was found to propagate forward into the SLEUTH forecasts, resulting in major differences within the state in land use change and change rates. We also explored the spatial distribution of the rules that changed pixels between land use classes, finding that almost 99% of forecast growth in California comes from outward spread from new and existing settlements. The paper concludes with an examination of the uncertainty inherent within, and displayed by the SLEUTH forecasts.
Cyclotron-Produced 132La as a PET Imaging Surrogate for Therapeutic 225Ac.

The aim of this work was to explore 132La as a PET imaging surrogate for 225Ac using a DOTA-based, tumor-targeting alkylphosphocholine (NM600). Methods:132La was produced on a biomedical cyclotron. For in vivo experiments, mice bearing 4T1 tumors were administered 132La-NM600, and PET/CT scans were acquired up to 24 h after injection. After the last time point, the ex vivo tissue distribution was measured to corroborate the in vivo PET data. The ex vivo tissue distribution in mice was determined at 4 and 24 h after injection of 225Ac-NM600. Results: PET/CT images showed elevated, persistent 132La-NM600 uptake in the tumor. Low bone accumulation confirmed the in vivo stability of the conjugate. Ex vivo biodistribution studies validated the image-derived quantitative data, and the comparison of the 132La-NM600 and 225Ac-NM600 tissue distributions revealed a similar biodistribution for the 2 radiotracers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 132La is a suitable imaging surrogate to probe the in vivo biodistribution of 225Ac radiotherapeutics.
Sexuality of Aging Adults: A Case Study Using Narrative Therapy

For those who experience sexual desire, sexuality and sexual expression are a vital part of their emotional well-being at every age. Prevailing discourses have created an ageist mentality against older people maintaining a sexual identity. The research states that older people who identify as sexual continue to desire, long for, and enjoy a variety of sexual activities, despite and sometimes because of increasing physical health concerns. In sex therapy, older clients that examine their dominant discourses and find that they desire a change that is more sex positive can become sexually empowered through a narrative approach. This article includes a review of the current literature and clinical practices which can enhance therapeutic outcomes for older couples and individuals who identify as sexual and desire sexual improvement. A case study example is included as well.
Oral Health Practices, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Fijians

This descriptive study identifies oral health practices, attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about dental care among Fijians living in Vanua Levu. Using convenience sampling, people attending a free ...
Chapter 23 Functions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortex during avoidance learning in rabbits

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the functions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortex during avoidance learning in rabbits. The task is administered as rabbits occupy a running wheel, a replica of an apparatus. To study the neuronal events that support this learning, multi-unit and single-unit activity is recorded simultaneously in several brain areas during acquisition. The analysis of neural circuit interactions is approached by examining the effects of selective deafferenting lesions on the training-related unit activity in various neuronal target populations. The shared functions of these two systems are portrayed in a theoretical model of the neuronal plasticity and dynamic information flow underlying conditioned response (CR) acquisition and performance. The model envisions two systems: GO system and a STOP system. The activation of neurons in the GO system is associated with the output of the avoidance CR, whereas the activation of STOP system neurons is associated with CR inhibition. The associative modifications exhibited by brief-latency cortical discharges represent the operation of mnemonic processes intrinsic to the telencephalon.
2-Methoxyestradiol-resistant cancer cells overexpress functional laminin α4

1271 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an estrogen metabolite with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity, binds tubulin at the colchicine site and depolymerizes microtubules. We have previously generated a stable 2ME2-resistant (2ME2R) MDA-MB-435 human cancer cell line and shown that β-tubulin mutations are associated with resistance to 2ME2 (Cancer Res 65:9406-14, 2005). In the present study, to further identify molecular mechanisms involved in 2ME2 resistance, we performed Atlas cDNA Cancer microarrays between 2ME2R and the more sensitive parental cell line (P435). Within the set of differentially expressed genes, we have specifically focused on the laminin α4 subunit, as laminins can enhance cell adhesion, tumorigenicity and contribute to drug resistance. We have confirmed the overexpression of laminin α4 subunit in 2ME2R cells by Northern analysis. We also have demonstrated that 2ME2R cells secrete significant amount of laminin α4 subunit. To understand the adhesive nature of 2ME2R cells, we have first determined the adhesion ability of 2ME2R cells to laminin 1 and fibronectin representing the integrin-mediated cell adhesion or poly-L-lysine, which does not require integrins. 2ME2R cells exhibit dose-dependent, enhanced adhesion to laminin 1 compared to parental cells, while they have lower adhesion to fibronectin than parental cells. In addition, 2ME2R cells also adhere better to poly-L-lysine suggesting the additional involvement of integrin-independent signaling. There is evidence that specific laminin isoforms can assembly to each other. If a mixture of one or more polymerizing laminin isoforms exists in a basement membrane, laminins can form a cooperative network. To determine whether the presence of laminin α4 subunit in 2ME2R cells can enhance laminin1 adhesion in resistant cells, we treated the cells with an antibody (2A3) against the G domain of the laminin α4 subunit. We demonstrate that functional blocking of laminin α4 reduces adhesion of 2ME2R cells to laminin at a significant level. This suggests that laminin α4 is necessary for the adhesion of 2ME2R cells to laminin-1. Further studies will address the nature of laminin α4-laminin 1 adhesion-mediated signaling in 2ME2R cells and the contribution of laminin α4 subunit to 2ME2 resistance.
Computational Nanostructure Design for Hydrogen Storage

Developing an efficient and affordable hydrogen-storage technology for on-board vehicular applications is a grand challenge to the success of a hydrogen economy. This challenge provides great opportunities for nanoscience and nanoengineering. Novel synthesis and characterization methods allow for an unprecedented degree of manipulation and tracking of the atomic structure in nanoassemblies. Furthermore, computational tools based on density functional theory, which combine fundamental predictive power with atomic resolution, provide a complementary and powerful means for the study and characterization of existing materials and prediction of new compounds and structural motifs, including those for hydrogen storage. In this chapter, we review the development of density functional theory-based computational studies of nanostructure design for hydrogen storage. Our emphasis is on complex metal hydrides. We also discuss the new developments in high surface area materials, including carbon-based materials, and metal- and covalent organic framework-based materials.
Promotion of human platelet adhesion and aggregation by a synthetic, triple-helical "mini-collagen".

Abstract Platelet activation and aggregation by fibrillar collagens are based on substrate primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Although several peptides incorporating sequences from the triple-helical domains of types I and III collagen inhibit collagen-mediated platelet aggregation, none independently promote platelet activation and aggregation. It is believed that the absence of these platelet activities is due to the lack of proper substrate tertiary and quaternary structures. We have utilized a synthetic, triple-helical "mini-collagen" that incorporates a known cell adhesion site (alpha 1(IV)1263-1277) to better understand the relationship between substrate primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure and platelet activation and aggregation. The promotion of platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation was compared for this triple-helical polypeptide (THP), fibrillar and type IV collagens, and a single-stranded peptide (SSP) incorporating the alpha 1(IV)1263-1277 sequence. Glass-coated fibrillar and type IV collagens and the THP supported platelet adhesion at substrate concentrations of 0.33 nM, 0.20 nM, and 0.89 microM, respectively. When platelets were stirred with 10 micrograms/ml of fibrillar (0.33 nM) and type IV (0.20 nM) collagen, SSP (2.1 microM), and THP (0.89 microM), only the fibrillar collagen caused 3H-labeled arachidonic acid release, elevation of cytosolic calcium, irreversible aggregation, and secretion of granule contents. The THP (0.45-1.8 microM) effectively inhibited fibrillar collagen-mediated platelet aggregation, while the SSP did not. At a substrate concentration of 40 micrograms/ml, the THP (3.6 microM) was as effective as fibrillar collagen (1.3 nM) at inducing 3H-labeled oleic acid-labeled platelet activation and microaggregate formation, while the SSP and type IV collagen were relatively ineffective. Rotary shadowing images indicated that aggregates of the THP could form distinct quaternary structures, while the type IV collagen used here could not. These results are the first demonstrations of a synthetic peptide promoting platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation and suggest that the combination of THP primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural features are required for platelet aggregation.
Mechanisms of Reaction of Organometallic Complexes

An overview of the mechanistic features of organometallic reactions is presented. The primary mechanistic types discussed are ligand substitution, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, and electron transfer. Each reaction pathway is discussed within the context of the common electron counts encountered for most organometallic complexes. Examples of how these common reaction pathways extend to polynuclear complexes are also presented. Although reasonable generalizations with regard to overall reaction rates and stepwise mechanisms using the electron count formalism can be made, many recent reports point out that the details of ligand and metal center structure can override these general trends. A considerable amount of quantitative rate data is provided and computational methodologies for understanding the observed rates are discussed. Keywords: organometallic complexes; reaction mechanisms; ligand substitution; oxidative addition; electron transfer; reaction rates; carbonyl complexes; transition metals
Distributed intraclot thrombolysis: mechanism of accelerated thrombolysis with encapsulated plasminogen activators

Summary. Background: The delivery of encapsulated plasminogen activators has demonstrated enhanced thrombolysis in vivo in several models. The mechanism of such improvement has not previously been established. Objectives We explored in vitro the mechanism by which microencapsulation of streptokinase in polymeric microparticles accelerates clot digestion and reduces reperfusion times by as much as an order of magnitude in vivo. Methods: The efficacy of microencapsulated streptokinase (MESK) was directly compared with identical dosages of unencapsulated streptokinase (FREE SK) at three initial pressure drops using clots formed of plasma or whole blood in 0.2-cm inner diameter glass capillary tubes. Results: MESK demonstrated accelerated flow restoration compared with FREE SK for each condition in plasma (23.8 ± 4.5% faster) and whole blood clots (17.2 ± 9.2% faster). Images collected by light microscopy show sites of thrombolysis internal to the clot only with MESK while the spatial distribution of fluorescently labeled streptokinase by confocal microscopy confirms greater penetration of the encapsulated agent compared with unencapsulated streptokinase. Digestion thus proceeds in three dimensions rather than restricted to a two-dimensional lysis front. Conclusions: The improved clot penetration with MESK establishes enhanced transport with encapsulation and the concept of distributed intraclot thrombolysis as a basis for the accelerated dissolution observed with encapsulated plasminogen activators in vivo.
A Broker-Dealer's Civil Liability to Investors for Fraud: An Implied Private Right of Action Under Section 15(C)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

In light of the dearth of scholarly attention to section 15(c)(1) to date, this article is intended to be the first, rather than the last, word on the issue of implying a private right of action under that section. The legislative history of section 15(c)(1) points to a congressional assumption that a private litigant could sue a broker-dealer for violation of that section. In light of the paucity of judicial interpretation of section 15(c)(1), however, the manner in which the courts will define the contours of a private action under it is a matter of some speculation. This article is designed to lay a framework for analysis for this often-overlooked section of the Securities Exchange Act, and to suggest some open questions for further examination.
HELP in New Jersey: From Right-to-Know to Right-to-Act

Excerpt] Since 1987 the New Jersey Right-to-Know-and-Act Coalition has been working to extend the rights of citizens and workers to take an active part in decisions vital to their health and safety. The Coalition initiated activity that has resulted in a bill now before the New Jersey Legislature. The bill is called Hazard Elimination through Local Participation — or HELP. If passed, HELP could become a model for other states, and a giant step toward worker and citizen empowerment for health and safety.
Use of tanning potential as a predictor for prostate cancer risk in African-American men.

BACKGROUND/AIM Vitamin D deficiency in African-Americans is common due to the high melanin content of the skin that reduces the absorption of UV radiation. To determine if there is a correlation between UV exposure, tanning potential and vitamin D with prostate cancer (PC) risk, we conducted a case-control study of 183 African-American men aged 40 years and older residing in the Washington, DC area. PATIENTS AND METHODS PC status was described as a binary variable as the presence or absence of cancer and the environmental factors as continuous variables. We used a logistic regression model describing PC as the response, while age, tanning potential, sunlight and vitamin D were treated as the predictors. RESULTS Men aged 60 years and older had a seven-fold increased risk for developing PC compared to those aged 50 years and less (p<0.003). Tanning potential was a significant (p=0.05) risk factor for PC, while sunlight exposure and vitamin D were not. Tanning potential was also significant (p=0.044) when adjusted for vitamin D and age. However, tanning potential was only marginally significant when adjusted for sunlight exposure (p=0.064) CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that tanning potential may be a predictor for PC risk in African-American men.
Spherical Wave Functions

This chapter contains sections titled: The Wave Functions The Spherical Cavity Orthogonality Relationships Space as a Waveguide Other Radial Waveguides Other Resonators Sources of Spherical Waves Wave Transformations Scattering by Spheres Dipole and Conducting Sphere Apertures in Spheres Fields External to Cones Maximum Antenna Gain This chapter contains sections titled: Problems
Victorian Popularizers of Science: Designing Nature for New Audiences – By Bernard Lightman

The period of Queen Victoria's reign is known for many things, including an explosion of new technologies and scientific discoveries. The author of this book is interested in the men and women who ...
Method to test the adiabatic operation of a spin one vector polarized ion source

Abstract The dependence of the vector polarization produced in the weak field transition region on the direction of the static field gradient is investigated by means of experimental measurements and numerical calculations for a lithium source. The measurements employ a weak field transition apparatus whose tapered magnet is outside the vacuum and hence easily reversed and calculations are performed for several existing polarized ion sources. The results demonstrate that while the vector polarization depends on the direction of the static field gradient under nonadiabatic conditions, this dependence vanishes in the adiabatic limit. It is shown that the positive field gradient consistently produces higher vector polarization and that the independence of the vector polarization on the direction of the field gradient under adiabatic conditions provides a sensitive experimental test of the adiabatic operation of a vector polarized ion source.
Intraoperative Epicardial Electrophysiologic Mapping and Isolation of Autonomic Ganglionic Plexi

Background Autonomic ganglionic plexi (GPs) have been implicated as triggers in lone atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to describe the technique and results of epicardial electrophysiologic mapping and the early effects of GP isolation. Methods Intraoperative epicardial electrophysiologic mapping was performed on 41 consecutive patients during a stand-alone minimally invasive operation for AF. A map labeling anatomic locations was developed to describe the findings. Intraoperative high-frequency stimulation (800/minute, 12 to 16 mA, pulse duration 9.9 ms) was performed using a standard quadripolar catheter placed directly on the epicardium. Locations where stimulation resulted in ventricular slowing with doubling of the electrocardiographic R-R interval were defined as active GPs. These areas were mapped and described. After dry bipolar radiofrequency isolation, the sites were again stimulated to assess isolation. Results Forty-one patients (mean age of 60.2 years, 31 males) underwent operation for AF (28 intermittent AF, 13 chronic). Active GPs were identified in all patients (24 bilateral, 17 unilateral). There was a mean of 5.0 GPs on the right and 2.7 on the left. More than 50% of patients had active GPs along the interatrial groove on the right and along the ligament of Marshall. All sites were inactive after radiofrequency isolation. Six-month follow-up is available for 15 patients, with 14 patients free of AF. Conclusions Autonomic GPs can be routinely identified during AF surgery utilizing high-frequency stimulation. The GPs are clustered around the interatrial groove and the ligament of Marshall, and the cardiac response to GP stimulation can be eliminated with bipolar radiofrequency isolation. The addition of GP isolation to bilateral pulmonary vein isolation may increase freedom from AF.
Some proprioceptive influences on the spatial displacement component of the oculogyral illusion.

Previous reports have indicated that the apparent position of an external visual target can be affected by nonvisual proprioceptive information about its location provided by touching it with the unseen hand (Lackner, 1976; Lackner & Zabkar, 1977). This discovery provides a means of evaluating the role of latent vestibular nystagmus in the oculogyral illusion (OGI) (Whiteside, Graybiel, & Niven, 1965). The OGI is the apparent displacement and motion of a visual target, stationary with respect to an observer, that is seen under conditions of rotary acceleration. Whiteside et al. suggested that perception of body-relative visual displacement in the direction of body acceleration is dependent upon monitoring of the fixation command necessary to override latent nystagmus and thereby maintain a retinally stable image. In the present study, touching a stationary target undergoing illusory displacement with the unseen finger was found to significantly attenuate the illusory displacement associated with the OGI. Moreover, a majority of the subjects experienced a large reduction in the magnitude of their apparent eye movements. These findings support the contention of Whiteside et al. that the OGI results from monitoring the outflow to the extraocular muscles involved in suppressing a covert vestibular nystagmus.
Mobile health technology of the future: creation of an M-Health taxonomy based on proximity

In the future Mobile Health (M-Health) applications will take advantage of technological advances such as nanotechnology, device miniaturisations, device convergence, high-speed mobile networks, and advanced medical sensors. This will lead to the increased diffusion of clinical M-Health systems and services which will have a powerful impact on the health care sector (Istepanian and Laxminaryan, 2000). This paper introduces the concept of 'Proximity' to categorise the mobile health applications into groups based on the distance between the user (human) and the technology (device or sensor) being used to record or capture the health related data. The three categories used are 'Tele', 'Derma', and 'In Vivo'.
Mechanisms of gelsolin-dependent and -independent EGF-stimulated cell motility in a human lung epithelial cell line

Acquisition of motility is an important step in malignant progression of tumor cells and involves dynamic changes in actin filament architecture orchestrated by many actin binding proteins. A role for the actin-binding protein gelsolin has been demonstrated in fibroblast motility. In this report, we investigated the role of gelsolin in bronchial epithelial cell motility. The non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelial cell line, NL20 migrated towards EGF in a modified Boyden chamber cell motility assay. However, the tumorigenic NL20-TA cell line derived from the NL20 cells and lacking gelsolin, did not migrate towards EGF. Ectopic expression of gelsolin in NL20-TA cells restored the EGF response, while motility of NL20-TA derived cells towards serum, PDGF, and fibronectin was independent of gelsolin expression. PI3-kinase inhibition failed to block EGF-stimulated motility in gelsolin transfected NL20-TA cells. Furthermore, EGF stimulated a motility response in cells lacking gelsolin in the presence of fibronectin or fibrinogen that was blocked with PI3-kinase inhibition. Thus, EGF-stimulated motility in NL20 cells and its derivatives are gelsolin dependent and PI3-kinase independent, while fibronectin and fibrinogen enhances EGF-stimulated motility through a pathway independent of gelsolin and dependent upon PI3-kinase.
Technical note: Reexamination of all-or-none inspection policies in a supply chain with endogenous product quality

This note studies the optimal inspection policies in a supply chain in which a manufacturer purchases components from a supplier but has no direct control of component quality. The manufacturer uses an inspection policy and a damage cost sharing contract to encourage the supplier to improve the component quality. We find that all-or-none inspection policies are optimal for the manufacturer if the supplier's share of the damage cost is larger than a threshold; otherwise, the manufacturer should inspect a fraction of a batch. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Supporting reflection through play: field testing the home trivia system

In this work, we designed and field-tested a system called Home Trivia to explore how we can use activity traces captured in the home to allow household members to reflect on how they use technology, which has become an issue of increasing concern among families that have seen their home lives intertwined with Internet-enabled devices. Home Trivia captures traces of using technology at home and then shows those traces to family members as content of a puzzle game they can play together. The results of testing Home Trivia in the field show that the design of the game allows engagement and reflection to reinforce each other. Moreover, our work enriches and further develops the idea of using ambiguity as a resource for design with the insight that allowing users to reduce ambiguity through recollecting past events and communicating with others can help trigger reflection.
Paraplegia after esophagectomy: who are the patients at risk?

the immediate postoperative period, a complication thought to be due to a noncompressive thoracic myelopathy, possibly caused by spinal cord ischemia. Clinical summary. A 52-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity was admitted to the University of Illinois Hospital 3 months after esophageal resection for carcinoma of the mid-esophagus performed elsewhere. The patient had a history of severe reflux esophagitis complicated by esophageal stricture and Barrett esophagus. He had been treated in the past with several dilatations. Because of symptoms of weight loss and dysphagia to solid food, he underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy that showed a sessile ulcerative lesion in the mid-esophagus. Biopsy specimens of that lesion showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Subsequently, the patient underwent a subtotal esophagectomy and an intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy performed through a right lateral thoracotomy (Ivor Lewis approach). No perigasParaplegia after esophageal resection for carcinoma of the esophagus is rare. A review of the world literature since 1966 showed that only 4 such cases have been reported.1-3 We add a fifth case, that of a patient who was referred to our institution for follow-up after resection of adenocarcinoma of the PARAPLEGIA AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY: WHO ARE THE PATIENTS AT RISK?
An assessment of bacterial populations in a static windrow compost pile.

ABSTRACT Many companies, restaurants, colleges, as well as individual homeowners, have initiated green marketing campaigns, and the composting of food and yard wastes has become commonplace. Thus, it is essential to obtain a more complete understanding of the microbial populations present in such composting processes. The focus of this study was to identify bacterial populations in a static windrow compost pile initiated on a college campus containing food trim and tree debris. Given that the compost pile was initiated during the winter it was uniquely characterized by a pre-mesophilic stage in addition to the characteristic mesophilic, thermophilic, and cooling/maturation stages. Bacteria were cultured from each stage and were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Dominating the numbers throughout the study were bacteria within the Bacillus and Bacillus-like genera. Actinobacteria were found primarily within the pre-mesophilic stage. The mesophilic and beginning thermophilic stages displayed the mo...
Using a computer simulation of three slot machines to investigate a gambler's preference among varying densities of near-miss alternatives.

The present article describes a software program in Visual Basic .NET designed to simulate three slot machines on a computer screen. This software is described in detail regarding utility, downloading, and usage; and data are presented illustrating the software’s potential for researchers interested in gambling behavior. A simulation of multiple slot machines such as this enables researchers to evaluate players’ preferences across various machines. In the highlighted experiment, 18 recreational slot machine players played the software for extra course credit and a chance at cash prizes. All participants played a version of the simulation in which every 5th response on average was a win, whereas the remaining trials were a loss. However, on those loss trials, a varying distribution of almost wins or near misses (i.e., two winning symbols on the payoff line and the final winning symbol directly above or below the payoff line) were presented in percentages of 15, 30, or 45. While no preferences across the three options could be predicted on the basis of reinforcement history alone, deviations from equal choices across the games were noted and appeared to be the result of the presentations of near-miss losing trials. Implications for a greater understanding of pathological gambling are presented.
Processing and Characterization of a New Composite Metal Foam

New closed cell composite metal foam has been processed using both casting and powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. The foam is comprised of steel hollow spheres packed into a dense arrangement, with the interstitial spaces between spheres occupied with a solid metal matrix. Using the casting technique, an aluminum alloy infiltrates the interstitial spaces between steel spheres. In the PM technique, steel spheres and steel powder are sintered to form a solid, closed cell structure. The measured densities of the Al-Fe composite foam, low carbon steel foam, and stainless steel foam are 2.4, 2.6, and 2.9 g/cm 3 with relative densities of 42, 34, and 37%, respectively. The composite metal foams composite materials developed in this study displayed superior compressive strength as compared to any other foam being produced with similar materials. The compressive strength of the cast Al-Fe foam averaged 67 MPa over a region of 10 to 50% strain, while the low carbon steel PM foam averaged 76 MPa over the same strain region, and the stainless steel PM foam averaged 136 MPa over the same region. Densification began at approximately 50% for the cast foam and ranged from 50 to 55% for the PM foams. The strength to density ratio of the product of both techniques exceeded twice that of foams processed using other techniques with similar materials.
Suicide and the Victorian physicians.

From 1830 to 1900, medical opinion of suicide underwent significant changes in Britain. During the 1830s and 1840s physicians, like most of the populace, saw suicide as a legal and moral question. However, major changes in the suicide law had called for increased medical testimony in questions of "temporary insanity" in suicide, and alienists were forced to refine their thinking about what was still termed "self-murder." By the 1850s and 1860s such refinement continued, with emphasis falling on categorization and physiology, while the 1870s and 1880s saw far more attention paid to social factors determining suicide. Statistics became more reliable, and, increasingly, prevention and compassion were urged by a number of prominent practitioners. By the end of the century, earlier attitudes, particularly as to the criminal implications of suicide, were reviewed and mainly discarded. Emphasis was now on diagnosis and on the social significance of suicide. Language: en
The Transcription Factor STAT3 Is Required for T Helper 2 Cell Development

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family members direct the differentiation of T helper cells, with specific STAT proteins promoting distinct effector subsets. STAT6 is required for the development of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, whereas STAT3 promotes differentiation of Th17 and follicular helper T cell subsets. We demonstrated that STAT3 was also activated during Th2 cell development and was required for the expression of Th2-cell associated cytokines and transcription factors. STAT3 bound directly to Th2-cell associated gene loci and was required for the ability of STAT6 to bind target genes. In vivo, STAT3-deficiency in T cells eliminated the allergic inflammation in mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, or transgenic for constitutively active STAT6. Thus, STAT3 cooperates with STAT6 in promoting Th2 cell development. These results demonstrate that differentiating T helper cells integrate multiple STAT protein signals during Th2 cell development.
Posttraumatic growth among cancer patients in India

Cancer patients sometimes report positive life changes in addition to more harrowing ones. Theoretically, several cognitive processes are thought to contribute to posttraumatic growth, but few studies have examined these relationships empirically among cancer patients. Moreover, most research has been conducted in western developed countries. This preliminary study offered a novel examination of posttraumatic growth and its cognitive correlates among cancer patients in western India. As hypothesized, in bivariate analyses perceived growth was significantly associated with greater meaning-focused coping (sense-making, benefit-finding), and with reappraisal of worldviews. Growth was not related to subjective appraisals regarding illness threat or stressfulness. In multivariate analyses, reappraisal of worldviews was the strongest concurrent predictor of posttraumatic growth. Results suggest that deliberative cognitive processes merit further study.
Microsatellite primer development for the salt marsh harvest mouse ( Reithrodontomys raviventris ) and cross-amplification in the western harvest mouse ( R. megalotis )

The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM, Reithrodontomys raviventris) only exists in a patchwork of salt marshes scattered throughout the San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun Bays of California. The species has declined significantly from its historical distribution due to habitat loss and fragmentation and is categorized as an endangered species under the US Endangered Species Act and by the IUCN. We identified ten microsatellite loci that amplify in the SMHM and the western harvest mouse [western harvest mouse (WHM); R. megalotis], a sympatric congener. Screening in 30 SMHM identified eight polymorphic loci, with an average of 4.6 alleles per locus, an observed heterozygosity of 0.45, and an expected heterozygosity of 0.55. Four of these loci and an additional one amplified in the WHM, of which two were polymorphic and three enabled species differentiation. We amplified all markers in two multiplexes, which will provide important tools for the conservation and monitoring of this flagship endangered species.
From letters to words: Procedures for word recognition in letter-by-letter reading

Abstract There are two alternative interpretations of how word recognition is accomplished in letter-by-letter reading. One postulates that it relies on the spelling system operating “in reverse,” whereas the other claims that it is mediated by the reading system. Because of the close association between patterns of reading and spelling in previously reported cases of letter-by-letter reading, both hypotheses may be considered equally plausible. We now report a patient with letter-by-letter reading who demonstrated a striking dissociation between reading and spelling. Our observations in this patient argue against the concept of “reading via spelling” and suggest that word recognition in letter-by-letter reading is mediated by the orthographic input lexicon used in normal reading.
SHORTER HOSPITAL STAYS AND OUTCOMES AFTER NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Hospital length of stay (LOS) after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) continues to decrease, but limited data exist to support this trend. We examined associations between hospital LOS and outcomes among 20,410 NSTEMI patients enrolled in 5 clinical trials of acute
Interpreting Laboratory Results in Transgender Patients on Hormone Therapy

Abstract Background Clinical guidelines recommend laboratory monitoring of transgender persons on cross-sex hormone therapy, but gender-specific reference intervals leave clinicians with the dilemma of deciding what is "normal" for each patient. The goal of this study was to identify consistent changes in measurands with hormone therapy and determine which reference interval is appropriate. Methods Laboratory data were abstracted from the medical records of 55 male-to-female patients on hormone therapy and compared with 20 male and 20 female nontransgender subjects. Results Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and low-density lipoprotein resembled female values ( P P P Conclusions Use of correct reference intervals in interpreting laboratory results reduces the risk of testing-related diagnostic error. Preliminary data suggest that new reference intervals need to be established for transgender patients.
Erratum: Combination gemcitabine, platinum, and bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer [Gynecologic Oncology (2008) 111 (461-466))

Corrigendum Corrigendum to “Combination gemcitabine, platinum, and bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer” [Gynecologic Oncology 111 (2008) 461–466] Debra L. Richardson, Floor J. Backes, Leigh G. Seamon, Vanna Zanagnolo, David M. O'Malley, David E. Cohn, Jeffrey M. Fowler, Larry J. Copeland ⁎ Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
Sol-Gel Alumina Coating for Improved Cyclic Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Nitride

A 25 nm thick α-alumina layer was deposited on a turbine-grade silicon nitride by sol-gel dip coating and subsequent heat treatment in air at 1200°C. This layer had a nanometer grain structure. Silicon nitride protected by this thin layer showed a significant improvement in oxidation resistance over its uncoated counterpart after 200 cyclic exposures in air at 1250°C. The oxide layer grown on the coated silicon nitride also exhibited superior surface morphology, compared with the uncoated silicon nitride.
Censorship in Television: A Writer's Point of View

(1978). Censorship in Television: A Writer's Point of View. Performing Arts Review: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 107-119.
Rare presentation of a type I Monteggia fracture

A rare case is reported of a Monteggia equivalent injury where a dislocation of the radial head is associated with fracture of the distal third of the radius and ulna. The mechanism, treatment and outcome are described.