cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TU-B-304-02: Quantitative FMEA of TG-142

Although published in 2009, the AAPM TG-142 report on accelerator quality assurance still proves a challenge for full clinical implementation. The choice of methodologies to satisfy TG-142 requirements is critical to a successful application. Understanding the philosophy of TG-142 can help in creating an institution-specific QA practice that is both efficient and effective. The concept of maintaining commissioned beam profiles is still found confusing. The physicist must also consider technologies not covered by TG-142 (i.e. arc therapy techniques). On the horizon is TG-198 report on implementing TG-142. Although the community still lacks a final TG-100 report, performing a failure-mode -and-effects analysis and statistical process control analysis to determine the institution-specific clinical impact of each TG-142 test may be useful for identifying trends for pro-active surveillance. Learning Objectives: 1. To better understand the confusing and controversial aspects of TG-142. 2. To understand what is still missing from TG-142 and how to account for these tests in clinical practice 3. To describe which QA tests in TG-142 yield the largest potential clinical result if not discovered.
The Spanish colonial experience and domestic animals

European colonial efforts were most successful where the plants and animals they brought with them were most successful. This statement makes it appear that European domestic plants and animals either made it or did not. In fact, European animals went through a period of adaptation to their new situations. These in turn influenced the adjustments humans were making to the colonial experience. Examples of the range of animal and European adaptations are taken from 16th-century Spanish colonial efforts on Hispaniola, Cubagua, and Spanish Florida. These examples show that European animals were present in every case, but the suite of animals used and their role in the human diet varied considerably.
Strategy of agriculture and risk management

The contribution deals with the relation between agricultural production and risk factors. This relation was studied in 2000 in the agricultural plant in South Bohemian region that farms 3420 ha of agricultural land and employs 140 workers. Risk is a natural companion of all business activities, risk cannot be excluded but its impact on the production can be reduced. Risk can grow into a problem and its solution always involves higher expenses.
Lack of Interactions Between Dietary Lysine or Strain Cross and Photoschedule for Male Broiler Performance and Carcass Yield

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test interactions of dietary lysine or strain crosses provided increased lysine with photoschedule on broiler performance and carcass quality. In Experiment 1, treatments were factorially arranged as two lysine levels [control grower and finisher (NRC, 1984) or control grower and finisher plus .15% L-lysine HCl] and two photoschedules [23 h light (L):1 h dark (D) or 14L:10D]. All birds received a control starter feed and dietary treatments were initiated at 22 d of age. In Experiment 2, treatments were factorially arranged as two strain crosses [Peterson × Arbor Acres (PAA) or Ross × Ross (RR)] and two photoschedules (23L or 16L). All birds received standard starter and standard grower and finisher plus .15% L-lysine HCl. There were no lysine by photoschedule or strain cross by photoschedule interactions in this study. The high-lysine diet increased BW, improved feed efficiency, increased lean carcass weight and yield of breast meat, and decreased abdominal fat and yield of thighs. The PAA strain cross had better feed conversion, fewer Grade A carcasses, more back bruises and breast blisters, greater yield of wings and drumsticks, and less yield of breast meat than RR. The 23L had greater BW, better feed efficiency, fewer breast blisters, greater carcass weight (Experiment 1), more abdominal fat (Experiment 2), lower yield of wings (Experiment 1), drumsticks, and thighs, and greater yield of breast meat than the treatments with shorter photoschedules. Increased dietary lysine did not compensate for decreased breast meat yield associated with 14L (Experiment 1).
Place Matters, and So Does Race:

Concerning the central thesis of Place Matters, I support the idea of regional equity and their analysis that place matters for people’s differing life prospects. However, to paraphrase Cornell Wes...
FindYou: A Personal Location Privacy Auditing Tool

The ubiquitous availability of location data to smartphone apps and online social networks has caused the collection of such information to grow at an unprecedented rate. However, the discriminative power and potential uses of this data collection is not always clear to the end user. In this work, we present FindYou, a web-based application that gives users the ability to perform a location data privacy audit. FindYou lets users import and visualize the location data collected by popular web services in order to understand what these companies know or can easily infer about them. Additionally, FindYou gives users the option to donate their data to the scientific community, creating new mobile datasets linked to user properties that will be open to use by academic institutions. We hope that FindYou will increase awareness of the privacy issues surrounding the collection and use of location data, the potential problem of "digital red-lining", and also create valuable new datasets with the full informed consent of interested users.
Analysis of the Occupational Hazards in Salt-producing Enterprise of Yunnan Province

[Objective] To define the occupational hazards which exist in salt-producing enterprise and to offer occupational diseases preventing countermeasure to them.[Methods] The raw material and technique of salt producing were investigated by means of on spot occupational health research.Occupational hazard materials such as salt dust,coal dust,ore dust,grinding wheel dust and welding fume,etc.as well as noise and hot work environment in the workplace were sampled and analyzed.[Results] The concentration of salt dust (particles not otherwise regulated),coal dust,ore dust (particles not otherwise regulated)and noise in the workplace are higher than national occupational standard:the noise maximum levels were 100.7,101.9 and 103.1 dB(A),the maximum concentrations of salt dust(particles not otherwise regulated)were 49.5,11.8 and 3.3 times exceeded the standard,the maximum concentrations of coal dust were 7.4,10.7 and 2.1 times exceeded the standard.Some salt-producing posts were in hot environment,they belonged to hot environment work Grade I and GradeⅢ.[Conclusion] Salt dust,coal dust,ore dust,noise and hot environmental work are the main occupational hazards in salt-producing enterprises, particles not otherwise regulated,grinding wheel dust and welding fume,etc.are the secondary occupational hazards.
Therapy of Secondary T-Cell Immunodeficiencies with Biological Substances and Drugs: An Update

At the first meeting of this series, Meakins and Franco [1] lamented the lack of an immunopharmacologic “silver bullet” to reverse the immunosuppression observed in patients with severe trauma and burns. They pointed out that before studies of immunomodulators can be done properly, all of the variables of care must be standardized and maximized, and they particularly emphasized the opportunity for the surgeon to act as an “immunomodulator.”
Can A Smartphone Replace The Operative Note

Objectives: A large portion of the body of orthopedic surgical research is conducted retrospectively, using the operative note as a main data source. Operative notes tend to infrequently report quantitative data, significantly limiting the precision with which research questions can be assessed (Scherer et al., 2003). Large scale surgical outcomes studies have identified specific surgical parameters as valid predictors of key surgical outcomes (Kaeding, Pedroza, Reinke, Huston, & Spindler, 2015). Thus, it is now feasible to develop a data capture system that collects more accurate, robust surgical data quickly and with lower cost than operative note dictation. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. Develop a provider-friendly, evidence-based, data capture system for lower limb orthopedic surgeries.2. Assess the performance of the data capture system on the dimensions of agreement with operative note and implant log, consistency of data quality, and speed of provider input.
Konfliktmanagement und Mediation

Konflikte sind im menschlichen Leben und Handeln allgegenwartig und unvermeidbar, lautet eine Hypothese. Die Praxis des Lebens lehrt uns, ein konfliktfreies Leben gibt es nicht. Der Druck auf die Arbeitnehmer/-innen wachst kontinuierlich und damit nimmt auch die Konflikthaufigkeit in Kliniken stark zu. Zunehmend findet sich eine immer groser werdende Gruppe von Arbeitnehmern in „flexiblen Arbeitsformen“ vor. Dazu kommt, dass heute Mitarbeiter immer mehr Verantwortung am Arbeitsplatz zu tragen haben als noch vor wenigen Jahren. Fur Konflikte am Arbeitsplatz gilt besonders: Uberall dort, wo einzelne Menschen zusammen leben, zusammen arbeiten oder miteinander in enger Beziehung stehen, treffen unterschiedliche Interessen, Vorlieben, Werthaltungen, Moralvorstellungen, Meinungen, Bedurfnisse und auch Vorurteile aufeinander. Konflikte gehoren heute zum Alltag von Teams, Abteilungen, Projektgruppen, Organisationseinheiten und Unternehmen. Sie konnen – wenn sie konstruktiv ausgetragen werden – zu einer positiven Weiterentwicklung der Organisation und ihrer Mitglieder beitragen. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Grundlagen des Konfliktmanagements und seiner Kommunikation aufgezeigt. Ein mittlerweile bedeutungsvolles Element der Konfliktbearbeitung – die Mediation – wird ausfuhrlich dargestellt.
Research Update: The mechanocaloric potential of spin crossover compounds

We present a first evaluation of the potential for spin crossover (SCO) compounds to be considered as a new class of giant mechanocaloric effect materials. From literature data on the variation of the spin crossover temperature with pressure, we estimate the maximum available adiabatic temperature change for several compounds and the relatively low pressures that may be required to observe these effects.
Epidemiological investigation of Candida species causing bloodstream infection in paediatric small bowel transplant recipients.

Summary Small bowel transplantation (SBT) can be a life-saving medical procedure. However, these recipients experience high risk of bloodstream infections caused by Candida. This research aims to characterise the SBT recipient gut microbiota over time following transplantation and investigate the epidemiology of candidaemia in seven paediatric patients. Candida species from the recipients' ileum and bloodstream were identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence and distinguished to strain by multilocus sequence typing and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream isolates was determined against nine antifungals. Twenty-two ileostomy samples harboured at least one Candida species. Fungaemia were caused by Candida parapsilosis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida pelliculosa. All but three bloodstream isolates showed susceptibility to all the antifungals tested. One C. glabrata isolate showed multidrug resistance to itraconazole, amphotericin B and posaconazole and intermediate resistance to caspofungin. Results are congruent with both endogenous (C. albicans, C. glabrata) and exogenous (C. parapsilosis) infections; results also suggest two patients were infected by the same strain of C. parapsilosis. Continuing to work towards a better understanding of sources of infection—particularly the exogenous sources—would lead to targeted prevention strategies.
Public Diplomacy in the Public Interest

As public diplomacy becomes a more collaborative, socially conscious enterprise with increased focus on global issues, problem-solving and shared goals, public interest communications--or strategic communication efforts to influence outcomes on issues that transcend the particular interests of any single organization (Fessmann, 2016)--will become an increasingly important aspect of public diplomacy practice. This article explores public diplomacy’s expanding role and impact in global society, identifying key ways in which public diplomacy serves the public interest. It then recommends a research agenda to help explain how public interest communications works (or might work) in achieving public diplomacy goals that extend beyond national borders. The emphasis is on communication models, publics, ethics, and measurement.
Bursting Golden Bubbles: Thomas De Quincey’s California

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the rhetoric of romance in Thomas De Quincey’s skeptical periodical essay about the California Gold Rush. It contextualizes this rhetoric within a long history of California and meditates on the intersection between finance and romance in an effort to shed light on the American state’s enduring susceptibility to speculative bubbles. De Quincey’s interest in California’s global media attention, which galvanized international investors and laborers fascinated by the discovery of gold, mirrors his own investment in opium as a global commodity that helped him generate lucrative visions of romance. By drawing on criticism that has illuminated the importance of political economy on De Quincey’s opium writings, I propose that his essay about the California Gold Rush allows us to more fully understand the economic underpinnings of his long periodical career, as well as the financial romance that continues to draw capital to California.
Visual Associative Memory for Power Systems Monitoring

Abstract This paper describes how the behaviour of a complex dynamic multi-variable system can be represented in an abstracted. but nevertheless meaningful. manner by points and trajectories in a special kind of internal-representation 2-D space. This 2-D space serves as an environment for knowledge acquisition. efficient compilation of experiences, and for associative interpretation of new episodes. The 2D nature of it facilitates 'visualization' by humans and machines. This present discussion concentrates on exposition of basic underlying concepts and on demonstration of use of this methodology for monitoring of distributed multisensor systems.
A Unique Pattern Of Pmn-Mdsc Migration In Cancer

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are pathologically activated immature myeloid cells that contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In order to exert their effects at either the primary tumor site or in metastases, PMN-like MDSC (PMN-MDSC) must first migrate to these sites. There is some evidence to suggest that chemokine gradients can mediate their recruitment. We have observed that human PMN-MDSC accumulation in colon and lung tumors strongly correlates with the expression of S100A9, CXCL1 and CXCL8 in those tumors. Moreover, we have found that, in comparison to PMN, patient PMN-MDSC have an increased chemotactic response to CXCL8 in spite of decreased cell surface CXCR2 expression. Similarly, in murine transgenic models of melanoma, pancreatic and prostate cancer, we have found that PMN-MDSC migrate more than PMN when stimulated with CXCL1, in spite of similar levels of cell surface CXCR2 expression. Interestingly, murine PMN-MDSC are more migratory even without stimulation, and have greater speed, mean squared displacement and random motility coefficient than PMN. It is possible that in addition to specific factors secreted in the primary and metastatic tumor sites, PMN-MDSC recruitment to these sites is regulated by an altered migratory behavior of the cells themselves.
Some Experiments with Emergency Siphon Spillways

Tests of new model design of siphon spillway for use as emergency structure for protection of canals; principal advantage of proposed design is significant reduction in time to prime, and priming can be achieved at lower discharge.
A curved pathway for oxygen interstitial diffusion in aluminum

Abstract The diffusion of interstitial oxygen (O) in fcc aluminum (Al) has been studied using first-principles and the diffusion coefficient has been calculated. Whereas interstitial atoms in fcc systems are typically found to hop directly between interstitial centres, the diffusion pathway for interstitial O in fcc Al was calculated to have a curved minimum energy pathway with an energy barrier of 0.95 eV. The barrier was found to be off-centre of a neighboring octahedral site. Also unlike the majority of fcc metals, O prefers to sit in the tetrahedral interstitial site as opposed to the octahedral site. The calculated O diffusion coefficient is on the same order of magnitude of the diffusion coefficient of O in other fcc metals. The preferred interstitial site, diffusion pathway and vacancy binding energy were found to be related to the bond length of O with neighboring Al atoms.
Classes and Objects

Classes and objects in Scala allow us to model real world classes and objects. Let’s recall our education system. If you went through a formal education system anywhere in the world, most likely you went through a classification system, i. e., you joined in the first level, you learnt and changed your knowledge status, and then you were promoted to the next level.
Sediment erosion and delivery from Toutle River basin after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens: A 30-year perspective

Exceptional sediment yields persist in Toutle River valley more than 30 years after the major 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Differencing of decadal-scale digital elevation models shows the elevated load comes largely from persistent lateral channel erosion across the debris-avalanche deposit. Since the mid-1980s, rates of channel-bed-elevation change have diminished, and magnitudes of lateral erosion have outpaced those of channel incision. A digital elevation model of difference from 1999 to 2009 shows erosion across the debris-avalanche deposit is more spatially distributed compared to a model from 1987 to 1999, in which erosion was strongly focused along specific reaches of the channel.
Neural Networks: Cloud Parameterizations

The role of clouds in the climate system is very complex and is the subject of much interest and research. Clouds interact nonlinearly with radiative, dynamical, chemical, and hydrological processes in the atmosphere on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Clouds play a fundamental role in controlling the amount of solar and infrared radiation available to the climate system. The radiative properties of clouds make them a key component in the energy balance of the Earth. In particular, clouds are involved in both heating and cooling in the determination of the Earth’s temperature. On average, roughly 50% of the Earth is covered by clouds. They contribute to the planet’s albedo by reflecting some incident sunlight (shortwave radiation) back to space (they also absorb some). However, they also partially block the escape of infrared radiation from below; that is, they exert a greenhouse effect on Earth. (Clouds are the primary contributors to the greenhouse effect.) They also emit some longwave radiation. Clouds also play an essential role in controlling the amount of moisture available to the climate system. Through precipitation, clouds serve as a conduit for the transfer of heat from the oceans to the atmosphere. They are also important in many chemical processes such as the absorption of water-soluble chemicals and pollutants in cloud droplets and their elimination by precipitation. See [Tre92] for further discussion.
A personalized, web-based prognostic tool for resectable gastric cancer.

e15575Background: Gastric cancer (GC) mortality remains high, with a 5-year survival of 30 percent. For patients with resectable GC, mortality varies depending on both patient and tumor characteris...
Three-dimensional modeling of coalescence of bubbles using Lattice Boltzmann model

Abstract The original Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based binary color model is modified to simulate three-dimensional buoyant multiphase flow. An effective force term is included during collision step in D3Q19 LBM to account for buoyancy force due to density contrast between fluid components. Buoyancy is not directly simulated as an effect of pressure gradients in the flow but was introduced from an analytical understanding of buoyancy effects due to density difference between the two phases. We are presenting results from three-dimensional numerical simulations to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to accurately predict the behavior of a single and multiple bubbles in a buoyant multiphase flow system. The effect of parameters such as grid size, viscosity ratio, surface tension, and interfacial thickness on the model accuracy are presented in this article. The shape and terminal velocity of bubbles in various flow regimes, characterized by the non-dimensional numbers (Eo, Mo, Re), are compared against experimental data and analytical model. The 3-D simulation results of Co-axial and oblique coalescence of a pair of bubbles from LBM simulations were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Detection of Cyclists' Violation of Stop Sign Rules Using Smartphone Sensors

In recent years, as the use of bicycles has become widespread, the number of bicycle-related accidents has been increasing. Major causes of bicycle accidents are the lack of knowledge of traffic rules on the part of bicycle users and the lack of opportunities for traffic safety education. This paper proposes a system that uses a smartphone attached to a bicycle to supplement safe bicycle ride education at home. As a basic study, the authors have developed a system that uses smartphone sensors to detect cyclists' violation of stop sign rules. The system makes the detection by combining data from the sensors in his/her smartphone and information about the locations of stop signs. This paper proposes to use the Google Street View Image API for collecting information about stop sign locations. A smartphone application for this system was developed and experiments in which subjects actually rode bicycles were conducted to examine the level of accuracy of detection of cyclists' violation of stop sign rules.
NLO Impact Factor for Inclusive Photon+Dijet Production in $e + A$ DIS at Small $x$

We compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) impact factor for inclusive $\mathrm{photon}+\mathrm{dijet}$ production in electron-nucleus ($\mathrm{e}+\mathrm{A}$) deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) at small $x$. An important ingredient in our computation is the simple structure of ``shock wave'' fermion and gluon propagators. This allows one to employ standard momentum space Feynman diagram techniques for higher order computations in the Regge limit of fixed ${Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\gg}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}^{2}$ and $x\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. Our computations in the color glass condensate (CGC) effective field theory include the resummation of all-twist power corrections ${Q}_{s}^{2}/{Q}^{2}$, where ${Q}_{s}$ is the saturation scale in the nucleus. We discuss the structure of ultraviolet, collinear and soft divergences in the CGC, and extract the leading logs in $x$; the structure of the corresponding rapidity divergences gives a nontrivial first principles derivation of the JIMWLK renormalization group evolution equation for multiparton lightlike Wilson line correlators. Explicit expressions are given for the $x$-independent $O({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s})$ contributions that constitute the NLO impact factor. These results, combined with extant results on NLO JIMWLK evolution, provide the ingredients to compute the inclusive photon $+$ dijet cross section at small $x$ to $O({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{3}\mathrm{ln}(x))$. First results for the NLO impact factor in inclusive dijet production are recovered in the soft photon limit. A byproduct of our computation is the LO $\text{photon}+3$ jet (quark-antiquark-gluon) cross section.
Self-employment, depression, and older individuals: A cross-country study.

Abstract Background Self-employment has become an increasingly popular occupational choice, and there are substantial mental health and well-being benefits that can accrue for individuals who remain active and engaged later in life. In this study, we examine the association between reduced depression symptoms and self-employment in aging workers. Methods Drawing from The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data, our study examines a longitudinal sample of 35,717 individuals aged 50 years or older. Results Our results indicate that self-employment is negatively associated with depression among aging workers. Additionally, we find that this relationship weakens as aging self-employed individuals grow older, and that gender moderates this relationship such that older female self-employed individuals report lower depression symptoms than their male counterparts. Limitations Our sample is limited to European workers aged 50 years and older, and as such might have limited generalizability to younger self-employed individuals from other geographic regions. Moreover, although we control for factors that could play a role in the association between depression symptoms and self-employment (e.g. quality of life, personality traits, etc.), additional research will be needed in order to determine the potential mediating and moderating roles such factors might have on this relationship. Conclusions The results we present demonstrate the important and nuanced nature between self-employment and depression symptoms in aging workers. These findings call to light the need to continue to foster and develop systems and programs that help to facilitate self-employment for individuals as they transition into older ages.
Inverse electromagnetic design for silicon photonic components (Conference Presentation)

Silicon photonics is a rapidly maturing platform for optical communication and sensing. As systems leveraging silicon photonics have grown in size and complexity, so too has the demand for high performance silicon photonics components. In order to meet these demands, inverse electromagnetic design has gained attention as a general tool for optimizing sophisticate silicon photonic devices. In this talk, we demonstrate how inverse electromagnetic design methods can be systematically applied to design high performance devices which both satisfy practical fabrication constraints and which are insensitive to manufacturing variations. These results pave the way for high efficiency silicon photonic component libraries.
Handoff Communication between Remote Healthcare Facilities

Introduction Handoffs and transitions of care are common weak points in healthcare provider communication as patients move between sites. With no consistent pattern of communication between St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (St. Jude) and its affiliated clinics, the Affiliate Program Office at St. Jude developed and implemented a standardized communication tool to facilitate patient transitions between different healthcare sites. Methods Each team of providers created flow diagrams to define the current state of communication when patients were transitioning between remote sites. Fishbone diagrams identified the common barriers to effective communication as a lack of consistent communication and ownership. We developed a communication tool to address these barriers, which was disseminated by secure email. We measured the percent usage of the completed hand-off tool before a patient transitioned, staff experience, and the number of errors. Results The time to send or receive the communication bundle was <10 minutes. Within 3 months of implementing the SMART bundle at 3 pilot sites, the bundle was used completely in 6 of 8 patient transitions and was associated with somewhat improved staff satisfaction. We identified no adverse events related to the communication bundle. Conclusions In this small pilot study, we accomplished closed-loop communication between geographically remote healthcare sites by using an electronically transmitted standardized communication bundle.
Height mismatch: An overlooked component of adult heart transplant outcomes

Heart transplantation guidelines recommend against matching donors with significant weight but not height discrepancies. This study analyzed the impact of donor-recipient height mismatch on mortality among heart transplant recipients. We retrospectively analyzed all adult patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry undergoing heart transplantation from 1990 to September 2016. Moderate and severe height mismatch were classified as >10% and >15% difference in donor height from recipient height, respectively. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Adjusted Cox hazards regression was performed, and Kaplan-Meier estimates illustrated 10-year survival. Of 44 877 transplants, 4822 (10.7%) were moderately height mismatched. Height-mismatched recipients were more frequently female (41.6% vs 21.8%, P < .001), sex mismatched (53.8% vs 24.9%, P < .001), and weight mismatched (4.9% vs 1.9%, P < .001). After adjustment, recipients of moderately (HR = 1.15 [1.02-1.30]) and severely (HR = 1.38 [1.10-1.74]) taller donor hearts were at increased risk of mortality at 1 year relative to height-matched recipients. Furthermore, of 1042 (21.6%) severe mismatches, recipients with taller (HR = 1.39 [1.11-1.74]) but not shorter (HR = 0.79 [0.44-1.43]) donors faced increased 10-year mortality. The effect was pronounced among re-transplant candidates (HR = 1.96 [1.07-3.59]). In conclusion, matching with moderately or severely taller donors is an independent predictor of mortality among primary and re-transplant candidates.
Physical activity guidelines for Americans and their employment decisions

The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend Americans improve their health through sufficient aerobic exercise. Given the required energy and time commitment of the Guidelines, we consider its unint...
Distribution and functional potential of photoautotrophic bacteria in alkaline hot springs

Alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provide a framework to study the relationship between photoautotrophs and temperature. Previous work has focused on cyanobacteria (oxygenic phototrophs), but anoxygenic phototrophs are critical parts of the evolutionary history of life on Earth and and are abundant across temperature gradients in alkaline hot springs. However, many questions remain regarding the ecophysiology of anoxygenic photosynthesis due to the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of these taxa. Here, we examined the distribution of genes involved in phototrophy and carbon and nitrogen fixation in eight alkaline (pH 7.3-9.4) hot spring sites approaching the upper temperature limit of photosynthesis (~72C) in YNP using metagenome sequencing. Genes associated with cyanobacteria are abundant throughout our data and more diverse at temperatures > 63C, genes for autotrophic Chloroflexi are more abundant in sites > 63C and genes associated with phototrophic Chloroflexi are abundant throughout. Additionally, we recovered deep branching nitrogen fixation genes from our metagenomes, which could inform the evolutionary history of nitrogen fixation. Lastly, we recovered 25 metagenome assembled genomes of Chloroflexi. We found distinct differences in carbon fixation genes in Roseiflexus and Chloroflexus bins, in addition to several novel Chloroflexi bins. Our results highlight the physiological diversity and evolutionary history of the understudied, anoxygenic autotrophic Chloroflex. Furthermore, we provide evidence that genes involved in nitrogen fixation in Chloroflexi is more widespread than previously assumed.
A standardized behavioral event equally impacts the activity of cortical visual areas and layers

Multiple recent studies have shown that motor activity greatly impacts the activity of primary sensory areas like V1. Yet, the role of this motor related activity in sensory processing is still unclear. Here we further dissect how these behavior relevant signals are broadcast to different layers and areas of visual cortex. To do so, we leveraged a standardized motor behavior fidget event in behavioral videos of passively viewing mice. A large two photon Ca 2+ imaging database of neuronal responses uncovered four neural response types during fidgets that are surprisingly consistent in their proportion and response patterns across all visual areas and layers of the visual cortex. Indeed, the layer and area identity could not be decoded above chance level based only on neuronal recordings. The broad availability of standardized behavior signals could be a key component in how the cortex selects, learns and binds local sensory information with relevant motor outputs.
Do Career-Engaging Courses Engage Low-Income Students?:

Encouraging school engagement is crucial to promoting positive outcomes for high school students. One potential means to promote school engagement may be through career and technical education (CTE...
Modulating Action of 17 Estradiol on Urinary Volume and Renal Excretion of Some Electrolytes in Dietary Salt-fed Female Rats

Body fluid and electrolyte balance are essential for normal cellular function, maintenance of adequate plasma volume and osmolality, yet natural and synthetic female sex hormones have various effects on body fluid and electrolyte balance. This study determined the effect of combined administration of 17β estradiol and dietary salt on some renal parameters. Thirty-two female Albino rats were used for this study and they were assigned into four groups consist of eight rats in each group. The group A served as control while groups B, C and D were given daily doses of dietary salt, 17β estradiol, and 17β estradiol with dietary salt respectively for four weeks consecutively. Twenty four hour urine samples were collected at the end of second and fourth weeks of administration for the determination of some renal parameters. The results were highly significant increase after second and fourth weeks for urinary volume, urinary sodium ions and chloride ion excretion, while there was significant reduction in urinary potassium ion excretion in groups that received dietary salt and 17β estradiol (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. It may be concluded that exogenous 17β estradiol administration may have some regulatory effect on body electrolytes and fluid in high dietary salt intake female rats. Keywords : 17β estradiol, Body fluid, Dietary salt, Electrolytes
Microstructural Characterization of Sm-Co Magnets

Samarium cobalt permanent magnets have been widely used for their excellent intrinsic magnetic properties such as very high Curie temperature, high anisotropy fields and most importantly excellent temperature coefficients of induction and coercivity. These materials have continuing industrial interest especially for applications operating at elevated temperatures and in the presence of high demagnetizing fields, such as particle accelerators, high frequency traveling wave tubes (TWTs), servo-motors and automotive and aerospace applications. An area of opportunity for improving performance of SmCo magnets is increasing magnet toughness — resistance to fracture.Like all other sintered rare earth magnetic materials, SmCo magnets are based on intermetallic compounds which are intrinsically brittle and can crack in the course of fabrication, machine work, and installation in the application. Increased toughness would also reduce handling sensitivity of magnetized magnets. For many years, studies on SmCo magnets have been focused on their magnetic properties, but the mechanical characteristics, strengthening and toughening mechanisms have been rarely reported. Understanding the phase and structural transformations induced in the SmCo magnets during the manufacturing process offers insight into potential modifications — chemical or processing-related. In this study, microstructural characterizations of 1:5 and 2:17 Sm-Co magnets were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron imaging and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis were used to investigate different phases and oxides. Finally, crystal structure of the magnets was studied using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The study correlates the microstructure characterization with the thermal processing history of different grades of SmCo magnets.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Pregnancy and subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Abstract There have been 10 cases with a diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis complicating pregnancy in some 50,000 patients at the New York Lying-In Hospital from 1932 through 1947. The incidence of this complication is 0.02 per cent. Three cases with positive blood cultures occurred before the use of penicillin and all died during pregnancy or the puerperium. Seven cases treated with penicillin survived pregnancy and delivered normal living children. Two of the penicillin-treated cases had clinically authentic subacute bacterial endocarditis during pregnancy unconfirmed by positive blood cultures. Five of the penicillin-treated cases were proved by positive blood cultures: three had recently recovered from the disease prior to the pregnancy under consideration, and two developed the disease during pregnancy. The five proved cases are reviewed in an attempt to evaluate the significance of subacute bacterial endocarditis prior to and during pregnancy. An outline for the management of pregnancy, delivery, and the puerperium in rheumatic and congenital cardiac patients is given.
Mechanical reliability of ceramic windows in high frequency microwave heating devices

The mechanical reliability was evaluated for the specific alumina and beryllia ceramics now used as microwave windows in the high-power (⩾200 kW) high-frequency (⩾60 GHz) gyrotron tubes being developed for plasma heating in fusion systems. Previous analysis of the stresses generated in the various window configurations and tube operating conditions indicated that significant tensile stresses are generated in the ceramic window by dielectric heating. As a result, we characterized both the static fatigue behaviour in the fluorocarbon fluid used to cool gyrotron windows and the inert strength distributions for these two ceramics. These data were then analysed in order to construct reliability diagrams for these two materials. Such diagrams revealed that the use of these specific ceramic materials will be limited by their time to failure at the tensile stresses imposed on them under the gyrotron operating conditions (60 GHz or greater and ⩾200 kW in a continuous wave (CW), TE02 mode (i.e., radial power distribution in beam exhibits two maxima). The fatigue behaviour and inert strengths of both materials could be improved by increasing their density (>97% of theoretical) and employing a uniform fine (⩽10μm) grain size. Such material improvements would permit significant increases in the mechanical reliability of the gyrotron microwave window.
The biogeographic legacy of an imperilled taxon provides a foundation for assessing lineage diversification, demography and conservation genetics

Aim To test alternative biogeographic hypotheses related to the diversification of a montane mammal (Zapus hudsonius luteus) endemic to the American Southwest. Location South-western United States. Methods We used statistical phylogeographic analyses of mitochondrial DNA (1512 bp; two genes) from 93 individuals from six geographic regions to test diversification hypotheses. Species distribution models of climate and fossil records were integrated to assess contemporary and historical distributions and barriers to gene flow. We calculated dates of divergence and examined historical demography using coalescent simulations. Results We documented monophyly of Z. h. luteus represented by 19 segregated haplotypes. Predicted current distribution generally coincided with known localities, while predicted paleodistributions suggested that this lineage was widespread throughout lower elevations of the American Southwest and on the Edwards Plateau (as documented by the fossil record). Population size did not change substantially during a westward shift in range that occurred in the last 100 k generations. Results supported fragmentation of a common ancestor during the Holocene as the most plausible explanation for genetic structure. Main conclusions Monophyletic Z. h. luteus reflects fragmentation of a common ancestor with recent (Holocene) upslope colonization of disjunct montane areas. We refute the hypotheses of in situ divergence or origins from a Colorado Piedmont ancestor. Instead, westward colonization from the Edwards Plateau during the Wisconsin followed by Holocene fragmentation, which serves as a generalized biogeographic hypothesis for species associated with mesic graminoid habitats in the American Southwest. Further exploration of these signatures using independent nuclear DNA is warranted. Key conservation implications are (1) Z. h. luteus is a monophyletic lineage on an independent evolutionary trajectory; (2) Z. h. luteus shared a recent common ancestor with Z. h. pallidus (not Z. h. preblei); (3) mtDNA does not reflect recent population declines; and (4) coalescent simulations and species distribution models reflect Holocene fragmentation.
Arabidopsis mannan synthase CSLA9 and glucan synthase CSLC4 have opposite orientations in the Golgi membrane

Several proteins encoded by the cellulose synthase-like (CSL) gene family are known to be processive glycan synthases involved in the synthesis of cell-wall polysaccharides. These include CSLA proteins, which synthesize β-(1→4)-linked mannans found in the walls of many plant species, and CSLC proteins, which are thought to synthesize the β-(1→4)-linked glucan backbone of xyloglucan, an abundant polysaccharide in the primary walls of many plants. CSLA and CSLC proteins are predicted to have multiple membrane spans, and their products (mannan and xyloglucan) accumulate in the Golgi lumen. Knowing where these proteins are located in the cell and how they are orientated in the membrane is important for understanding many aspects of mannan and xyloglucan biosynthesis. In this study, we investigate the subcellular localization and membrane protein topology of CSLA9 and CSLC4, the members of these two families that are most highly expressed in Arabidopsis. CSLA9 and CSLC4 are found predominantly in Golgi membranes, based on co-localization with the known ER/Golgi marker ERD2-YFP. The topology of epitope-tagged proteins was examined using protease protection experiments. Experiments were designed to determine the positions of both the protein termini and the active loop of the CSL proteins investigated. The topology of CSLA9 is characterized by an odd number of transmembrane domains (probably five) and an active site that faces the Golgi lumen. In contrast, CSLC4 has an even number of transmembrane domains (probably six) and an active site that faces the cytosol. The implications of these topologies on various aspects of hemicellulose biosynthesis are discussed.
Acquired Toxoplasmosis After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in a Sulfonamide-Allergic Patient

We report the case of a young adult with a history of an allergic reaction to a sulfonamide antibiotic who developed toxoplasmosis after his second orthotopic heart transplant. As a result of this drug allergy, the patient did not receive prophylaxis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. He was successfully treated with clindamycin, pyrimethamine, and folic acid.
Cholangioscopy with narrow-band imaging in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis undergoing ERCP

Background Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have an increased lifetime risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Detection of localized CCA in patients with PSC may result in curative liver transplantation. Recently, high-resolution per-oral video cholangioscopy (PVCS) has become available and may be useful for evaluating for biliary dysplasia. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) has shown promising results in detecting dysplasia in the esophagus and colon, but its utility in the bile duct is unproven. Objective Evaluate NBI video PVCS in screening for dysplasia in patients with PSC. Design Prospective case series. Setting Tertiary-care referral center. Patients Patients with PSC undergoing ERCP between December 2008 and July 2010. Intervention ERCP with white-light and NBI PVCS and biopsy of suspicious lesions. Main Outcome Measurements Dysplasia detection. Results A total of 30 patients were enrolled. Median follow-up was 319.5 days. Four patients had a final diagnosis of CCA (2 extrahepatic, 2 intrahepatic). NBI visualized the 2 extrahepatic CCAs and allowed determination of tumor margins. The bile duct mucosa by NBI visual appearance in patients with PSC was variable. No correlation with CCA development could be determined. There was a 48% increase in suspicious lesions biopsied with NBI compared with white-light imaging, although NBI-directed biopsies did not improve the dysplasia detection rate. Limitations Small sample size, single center, referral bias. Conclusion NBI allowed visualization of tumor margins in CCA as compared with traditional fluoroscopy-based ERCP. An improvement in dysplasia detection in patients with PSC could not be demonstrated despite an increase in the biopsy rate. Additional experience is needed to assess the utility of NBI in screening for CCA in patients with PSC. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT00951327.)
The Prevalence and Intensity of Fright Reactions to Mass Media: Implications of the Activation-Arousal View.

This paper reports data from a survey of college students that indicates that the experience of intense, enduring fright after media exposure is common. In order to understand why some individuals experience such intense levels of fright, the activation‐arousal framework is explicated and linked to these responses. Mehrabian's Stimulus Screening Scale and Miller's Behavioral Style Scale are taken as indicators of a bias toward activity in the arousal system. The data shows that individuals who experience intense, enduring fright from mass media exposure are likely to receive high scores on these measures. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Effectiveness of body wipes as an adjunct to reducing skin infections in high school wrestlers.

OBJECTIVE To compare soap-and-water body wipes and 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) body wipes to a CONTROL (no treatment) in reducing skin infections in high school wrestlers competing in weekend tournaments. DESIGN Repeated measures study evaluating a soap-and-water body wipe, a 70% IPA body wipe, and no-treatment CONTROL during 2 weekend tournaments. SETTING High school wrestling tournaments in Minneapolis-St Paul and surrounding communities of Minnesota. INTERVENTION Each team was randomly assigned to use either wipe or serve as CONTROL during each tournament. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Presence of skin infections that developed the following week after a weekend tournament. RESULTS A total of 151 athletes competed in a total of 474 individual matches. Thirteen athletes tested positive afterward for skin infections. The odds of infection for the tested group compared with the CONTROL group were 0.089 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01-0.75; P = 0.026] for the soap-and-water group and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.11-1.69; P = 0.23) for 70% IPA group. CONCLUSIONS Soap-and-water wipes seem to be more effective in reducing skin infections compared with the no-treatment group.