cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13029: Recruitment Success of the mActive Physical Activity mHealth Trial: Can Convenience Increase Enrollment of Eligible Patients and Women Into RCTs?

Background: Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is critical to clinical decision-making, but RCTs often do not meet recruitment goals, limiting power and generalizability. Only ~58% of eligible patients typically enroll in cardiovascular RCTs and certain subgroups, such as women, are commonly underrepresented. Prior work has generated the hypothesis that convenient trial designs (e.g., use of mobile follow-up) could enhance RCT participation. Methods: The mActive trial (NCT01917812), a 5-week blinded, randomized mHealth trial of digital activity tracking and text messaging, enrolled adult cardiology patients at a single academic medical center. Eligible participants were 18-69 year old smartphone users who reported a low amount of leisure-time physical activity on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The mActive trial differed from the traditional RCT design in that participants did not need to manually record activity or return in person to the study site. Instead, leveraging modern technology, activity data were continuously uploaded through participants’ smartphones. Results: mActive recruitment substantially outperformed the historical average for cardiovascular RCTs and approached the theoretical ideal (figure). Of 50 individuals who screened eligible for the mActive trial, 48 (96%) enrolled. Twenty-two women and 26 men participated with an overall mean age of 58±8 years. Participants were primarily Caucasian (78%) and from a wide variety of professions. Conclusions: The mActive trial recruitment experience supports the hypothesis that a trial design fostering convenience can enhance RCT participation. mActive recruited nearly all eligible participants and almost equal proportions of women and men from an adult cardiology clinic. Future trials are necessary to determine which aspects of the mActive trial can be scaled to larger and longer-term RCTs.
Superionic Conductivity and Order-Disorder Transition

Superionic conductivity is calculated using the Path Probability method1 to show how ionic conductivity of anions 0-- (via the vacancy mechanism of migration) in the anion sublattice is influenced by an order-disorder phase change among non-migrating cations (A and B) in their sublattice. The A and B cations occupy an FCC sublattice, while 0-- and vacancies occupy an interpenetrating SC sublattice. (The overall lattice structure is CaF2 type). Possible examples include Ca0-ZrO2 and Ca0-CeO2. When the cation composition is varied, the FCC sublattice goes from the disordered phase to an A3B type ordered phase. The calculation shows that this phase transition can reflect as a sharp change of the 0-- ionic conductivity in the SC sublattice, although the distribution of anions and vacancies on the SC sublattice itself is not affected by the transition.
THE BIFURCATION OPERATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRREDUCIBLE DISLOCATIONS OF THE HIP JOINT

The bifurcation operation is indicated in all types of irreducible dislocations of hip joint, (a) in patients upon whom bloodless reduction has been unsuccessful, or (b) who have passed the favorable age limit. Any procedure designed to reconstruct the hip joint should have for its primary object the restoration of the anteroposterior equilibrium of the body in order to overcome the lordosis. [See Case 5. No. 3 in Source PDF] The operation has been successfully employed in cases of ununited fracture of the neck of the femur. Although the successful replacement of the head into the acetabulum is the ideal procedure, nevertheless, the bifurcation operation achieves equally good results by a procedure which is extra-articular, is attended with practically no shock, requires a very short time for its performance, overcomes the lordosis, and produces a movable hip joint. There may be a slight amount of increased shortening, which is negligible and easily overcome.
Hypothalamic Lesions Associated with Goldthioglucose-Induced Obesity.∗:

SummaryThe response to goldthioglucose-induced obesity differs in two genetically independent inbred strains of mice (CBA and C57BL). This difference in response to a specific dose is associated wi...
Electron Microscope Study of Sperm.

SummaryFresh, unstained and unfixed samples of sperm from many fertile bulls studied under the electron microscope have shown that the anterior portion of the sperm head is always enveloped by a pr...
74 IS RIFAXIMIN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH

Introduction Rifaximin is an orally administrated, nonabsorbed, nonsystemic antibiotic recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for traveler9s diarrhea. Its utility in eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is currently being evaluated. Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate efficacy and safety of rifaximin for bacterial eradication and relieving symptoms in patients affected by SIBO. Methods Treatment with rifaximin 200 mg qid was undertaken for 4 weeks. Assessment of a symptom score consisting of frequency and severity of bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and bowel movements was calculated at the beginning and after treatment. Glucose breath test (GBT) was also performed. Standard demographics were assessed. Subjects Ten consecutive symptomatic patients (8 F and 2 M, mean age of 53, range 19-85) were prospectively studied in an open-labeled fashion. Seven patients (70%) presented with diarrhea, 3 (30%) with bloating and gas as a dominant symptom. All patients had a > 20 ppm concentration of hydrogen and/or methane within 90 minutes of ingesting 50 g of glucose in 150 cc aqueous solution (GBT). Three subjects were exclusive methane formers, 1 methane and hydrogen, and 6 produced only hydrogen. Results Among patients with diarrhea 5 (71%) noticed improvement of more then 50%; 2 (29%) between 25 and 50%; 1 had no response after 4 weeks of rifaximin. Among patients with bloating + gas as the main symptom: 1 (33) had improvement between 50 and 75%; 1 (33%) between 25 and 50%, and 1 (33%) had no response. Repeat GBT in 6 patients at the end of the 4 weeks showed 50% of hydrogen formers and 67% of methane producers were eradicated. No adverse effects were observed. Conclusions This study shows that rifaximin in a dose of 200 mg qid for at least 4 weeks seems to be effective and safe treatment in reducing diarrhea and to a lesser degree gas + bloating in patients with SIBO. Further studies of follow-up breath test results and longer-term outcome are the next step in assessing this promising new therapy for SIBO.
Tests of Eyesight About Sudents Of Primary And Middle Schools in shuang Qiao District of Chengde

Objective:To find out the conditions of students' eyesight in Shuangqiao district of Chengde and provide sentific evidence for the work of eyesight Protection.Method: To test left and right eyesight of erceivers one by one with the standards eyesight lanterns,about 11991 students who come from 20 schools in Shuangqiao district are tested.Result: Compared to primary students,middle school students have poor eyesight;girl students'eyesight is poorer than boy students';students'eyesight from city is poorer than students from villages.Conclusion: Percentage of poor eyesight among students in Chengde is quite high,some measures and research work should be carried out to protect students' eyesights.
Spinal surgeons need to read patients' studies to avoid missing pathology.

BACKGROUND Many spine surgeons rely on reports of radiological studies for patients seen routinely in consultation. However, "best practice" should include the spine surgeon's individual assessment of the images themselves to better determine whether the diagnoses rendered were/are correct. METHODS A now 54-year-old male had an original enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MR) scan of the cervical spine performed in 2012 that was read as showing mild spondylotic changes at multiple levels. RESULTS In 2015, the patient presented with a severe spastic quadriparesis, right greater than left, which had markedly worsened over the prior 3 months. Review of the original enhanced MR from 2012 revealed a right-sided C5-C6 tumor (e.g., likely meningioma) filling the right neural foramen with extension into the spinal canal (7 mm × 8 mm × 11 mm): The tumor was originally "missed". The new 2015 enhanced MR scan documented the tumor had enlarged 6.7 fold (measuring 17 mm × 11 mm × 2.2 cm), and now filled 2/3 of the spinal canal, markedly compressing the cord and right C6 nerve root. Following a C4-C6 laminectomy, and a challenging tumor removal, and the patient was neurologically intact. CONCLUSION This case underscores the need for spine surgeons to carefully review both images and reports of prior diagnostic studies that accompany patients. In this case, the original failure to recognize the tumor led to a 2.5-year delay in surgery that resulted in the patient's severe preoperative quadriparesis, and a much more challenging surgery.
“Thinking (and Teaching) Democratically”: A Defense of Ideologies *

Ideologies are important in modern politics. This is the standard reason political scientists give for studying them. In this article I provide another rationale for the study of ideologies: to promote democracy. This normative argument has been superceded by empirical ones, in part, because of the pejorative connotations of ideology. Those connotations are, however, based upon a selective history and hence an incomplete definition of the term. By reviewing that history, I recover a positive association between ideology and democracy. In the process, I hope to encourage political theorists to teach political ideologies. The Oxford English Dictionary provides two standard definitions of ideology. The first is descriptive or neutral: ideology is the “science of ideas.” This definition, indeed the word itself, originated with Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment philosopher. The second is critical or deprecatory: ideology is “ideal or abstract speculation” and “unpractical or visionary theorizing.” Napoleon Bonaparte, Tracy's contemporary, first used ideology in this pejorative sense. Both definitions are operative in contemporary political science. Political scientists who study ideologies as “belief-systems” follow the first definition. For example, standard texts define ideology as “a set of closely related beliefs, or ideas, or even attitudes, characteristic of a group or community” or “a value or belief system accepted as fact or truth by some group.” These texts focus upon the various functions of ideologies, e.g., communication, legitimation, socialization, and especially mobilization.
Pythagoras: Verhältnis und Unendlichkeit (−500)

Am Anfang der Mathematik steht die Zahl als Anzahl einer Menge von Gegenstanden. Doch schon fruh in der Menschheitsgeschichte trat neben das Zahlen das Messen, mit dem ”unzahlbare“ Grosen miteinander verglichen werden konnten, Langen, Abstan- de, Volumina, Gewichte. Dies geschah mit der Methode der Wechselwegnahme, dem vielleicht altesten Algorithmus der Mathematikgeschichte. Pythagoras erkannte die grose Bedeutung dieses Verfahrens, durch das Grosen durch Zahlen beherrschbar wurden; ”alles ist Zahl“, soll er gesagt haben. Doch die Anwendung der Zahlen uber ihren ursprunglichen Bereich (das Zahlen) hinaus auf das Vergleichen von Grosen fuhrte in eine Krise, als sich herausstellte, dass das Verfahren der Wechselwegnahme nicht immer abbrach (Entdeckung der Irrationalitat). Von diesem Zeitpunkt an spielte das Unendliche in der Mathematik eine Rolle.
Towards Poroelasticity of Fractal Materials

This study proposes a model of poroelasticity grasping the fractal geometry of the pore space occupied by the fluid phase as well as the fractal geometry of the solid (matrix) phase. The dimensional regularization approach employed is based on product measures which account for an arbitrary anisotropic structure. This, in turn, leads to a re-interpretation of spatial gradients (of both fluid velocity and displacement fields) appearing in the balance and constitutive equations; the latter are adapted from the classical poroelasticity. In effect, an initial-boundary value problem of a fractal medium can be mapped into one of a homogenized, non-fractal medium, and, should all the fractal dimensions become integer, all the equations reduce back to those of classical poroelasticty. Overall, the proposed methodology broadens the applicability of continuum mechanics/physics and sets the stage for poromechanics of fractal materials.
Staphylococcal pathogenicity islands-movers and shakers in the genomic firmament

The staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) are highly mobile 15kb genomic islands that carry superantigen genes and other virulence factors and are mobilized by helper phages. Helper phages counteract the SaPI repressor to induce the SaPI replication cycle, resulting in encapsidation in phage like particles, enabling high frequency transfer. The SaPIs split from a protophage lineage in the distant past, have evolved a variety of novel and salient features, and have become an invaluable component of the staphylococcal genome. This review focuses on recent studies describing three different mechanisms of SaPI interference with helper phage reproduction and other studies demonstrating that helper phage mutations to resistance against this interference impact phage evolution. Also described are recent results showing that SaPIs contribute in a major way to lateral transfer of host genes as well as enabling their own transfer. SaPI-like elements, readily identifiable in the bacterial genome, are widespread throughout the Gram-positive cocci, though functionality has thus far been demonstrated for only a single one of these.
Compatibility and Tensile Properties of PPO Blends

Young’s modulus, yield (break) strength, and elongation to yield (break) have been measured for blends of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) with polystyrene (PS), poly (p-chlorostyrene)(PpC1S), and random copolymers of styrene and p-chlorostyrene)(pC1S). The significant difference between blend compositions is the compatibility of PPO with each styrene polymer. Blends of PPO with PS or copolymers with 67.1 mole % or less pC1S are compatible (i.e. one Tg) and show small synergistic maxima in modulus, strength, and elongation as a function of PPO composition. These maxima correspond to observed maxima in packing density as a result of specific interactions contributing to blend compatibility. A rule of mixture for one phase systems with an adjustable compatibility parameter gives adequate fit to the observed composition dependence of the modulus.
Estimating Incremental Costs with Skew

Background: Cost data in healthcare are often skewed across patients. Thus, researchers have used either a log transformation of the dependent variable or generalized linear models with log links. However, frequently these nonlinear approaches produce non-linear incremental effects: the incremental effects differ at different levels of the covariates, and this can cause dramatic effects on predicted cost. Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate that when modelling skewed data, log link functions or log transformations are not necessary and have unintended effects. Methods: We simulated cost data using a linear model with a ‘treatment’, a covariate and a specified number of observations with excessive cost (skewed data). We also used actual data from a pain-relief intervention among hip-replacement patients. We then estimated cost models using various functional approaches suggested to handle skew and calculated the incremental cost of treatment at various levels of the covariate(s). Results: All of these methods provide unbiased estimates of the incremental effect of treatment on costs at the mean level of the covariate. However, in some log-based models the implied incremental treatment cost doubled between extreme low and high values of the covariate in a manner inconsistent with the underlying linear model. Conclusions: Although specification checks are always needed, the potential for misleading incremental estimates resulting from log-based specifications is often ignored. In this era of cost containment and comparisons of treatment effectiveness it is vital that researchers and policymakers understand the limitation of the inferences that can be made using log-based models for patients whose characteristics differ from the sample mean.
Suboptimization in Accounting Education and the Subjective Theory of Value: A Rejoinder

The subjective theory of value - the theory that something is worth whatever someone is willing to pay for it - has been around for more than 100 years. Yet the people who determine what accounting students must study ignore this basic fact when they construct accounting degree requirements. The result is suboptimization - an accounting program that is necessarily of lower quality than would otherwise be the case. In a prior paper, the author argued that, in order to offer higher quality programs, it is necessary to give students a choice. Rather than dictating from above what courses must be taken to receive a degree, students must be free to choose for themselves what courses they, in their own subjective judgment, place the highest value on. The present paper responds to some criticisms that were made of the original paper.
VEGF inhibitors in EGFR-mutated lung cancer: a never-ending story?

Over the last 15 years, multiple generations of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have completely transformed the landscape of management of EGFR -mutated lung cancers but are rarely used in other settings. In the pre-molecular testing era, the 1 st generation reversible EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, was shown to prolong survival in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of first- or second-line chemotherapy compared to placebo [overall survival (OS) was 6.7 vs . 4.7 months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, P<0.001] (1).
Electrode microstructure controls localized electronic impedance in Li-ion batteries

Abstract Substantial heterogeneity and defects in lithium-ion battery films can be a cause of material and battery failure. Although non-uniformity has been observed previously, the physical origin of electronic impedance non-uniformities in cathode materials has not been well-studied. We show that the local microscopic structure of materials strongly affects the resulting local impedance as measured by a micro-four-line probe, demonstrates large variation, and that these variations occur over sub-millimeter and larger distances on two different commercial cathode materials. These experimental results are further compared to modeled electronic and ionic transport pathways through the observed structure. By elucidating the extent and origins of heterogeneity in battery electrode films we provide a key principle through which batteries can be optimally designed to increase their safety, energy density, power, and longevity.
In-Silico Extraction of Design Ideas Using MMPA-by-QSAR and its Application on ADME Endpoints

Matched molecular pair analysis (MMPA) has emerged as a powerful approach to mine and extract tacit knowledge from measured databases of small molecules. Extracted knowledge from past experimentation can assist future lead optimization as an idea generation tool and, hence, reduce the number of design-synthesis-test cycles. While attractive and intuitive, MMPA still presents several limitations. Analyses of internal absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) databases of measured compounds show that chemical transformations with 10 pairs or more represent less than 1% of the total transforms identified by MMPA. A great wealth of design ideas remains effectively untapped and underutilized as the lack of measured data hinders extraction of robust trends. In this study we report the use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model augmented MMPA approach (MMPA-by-QSAR) to infer the overall effect of chemical transformations on two essential ADME endpoints-lipophilicity and metabolic clearance. First, QSAR models are employed to predict compound activities, and subsequently, MMPA is used to identify and to extract virtual trends. Results obtained from retrospective analyses showed the ability to predict magnitudes of change close to experimental ones for the majority of transforms from each ADME data set. In the case of the lipophilicity endpoint (SFLogD) 73.7%, 87.85%, and 99% of transforms were predicted within 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 units of the actual change. In the case of the clearance endpoint (HLM) 67.2%, 82.3%, and 99.5% of transforms were predicted within 0.08, 0.11, and 0.3 log units, respectively. Prospective application of MMPA-by-QSAR on untested compounds identified several novel transforms not observed in our measured data sets. When MMPs from these transforms were screened in our internal assays, it was found that the correct directionality of change was predicted for all but one of the tested transforms, and the predicted magnitudes of change have varying errors between predicted and measured mean changes ranging from 0.01 to 0.24 units for SFLogD and from 0.0 to 0.38 log units for HLM. This proposed MMPA-by-QSAR modeling approach has the potential to allow exploration of infrequent transforms or even identify completely novel transforms where no measured MMP is available.
The role of simulated spring water stress in interactions between eastern larch and larch casebearer

Water stress can influence the ability of plants to tolerate and resist herbivory and indirectly mediate inset fitness. Larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), is an invasive defoliator in North America where it infests eastern larch, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch (Pinaceae). Anomalous outbreaks of larch casebearer have been detected each year since 2000 in Minnesota, USA. In Minnesota, eastern larch typically occurs in peatland bogs or fens with complex hydrology. Given the potential for global climate change to alter precipitation and the seasonal flooding dynamics of eastern larch stands, we investigated the role of simulated waterlogging and drought on eastern larch–larch casebearer interactions over two years. We quantified the growth, survival, and foliar monoterpene concentrations of juvenile eastern larches in response to varying watering regimens and challenge from larch casebearer. We also quantified how watering regimen and monoterpene concentrations affected the survival of fourth instar larch casebearers to adulthood. The growth and survival of eastern larch was negatively impacted by challenge from larch casebearer, waterlogging, and drought, though the strength of responses varied between years. The monoterpene concentrations in eastern larch foliage did not change in response to water stress or challenge from larch casebearer but the within-year concentrations of several monoterpenes decreased with time. No consistent patterns emerged in the response of larch casebearer to watering regimen or monoterpenes. In summary, it appears that watering stress and defoliation do not interact to impact growth and survival of juvenile eastern larches, but rather act independently.
Success of tympanic membrane repair following palatoplasty

Abstract Introduction Eustachian tube dysfunction, ubiquitous in patients with cleft palate, is a known risk factor for failure of tympanic membrane (TM) repair. Age may also influence the success rate. We describe a cohort of patients with cleft palate who underwent TM repair at a tertiary academic medical center. Methods Record query of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes for cleft palate and otologic procedures (myringoplasty, tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy, and/or ossicular chain reconstruction) was performed for patients treated between 1984 and 2017. Successful TM repair was defined as having an intact TM on otoscopy or a non-large volume tympanogram at most-recent follow-up. Results Of 474 patients with a cleft palate, 25 (5%) underwent a TM repair, and 16 had complete records for analysis. Among these, there were 22 surgeries on 20 ears. Sixteen of 20 TM repairs were successful. The successful group underwent TM repair at a median age of 12.5 (range, 4.8 to 22.2) compared with a median age of 8.5 (range, 3.9 to 15.0) for the unsuccessful group (P=0.28). Patients whose TM repair was successful underwent TM repair a median of 9.1 years after palatoplasty (range, -1.2 to 21.2) compared with 7.2 years (range, 3.0 to 14.9) for the unsuccessful group (P=0.67). Conclusion In our cohort, TM repair in cleft palate patients had an 80% success rate. In contrast to conventional teaching, age at the time of surgery and time after palatoplasty may not affect TM repair outcomes.
Distinguishing and Addressing Gender Minority Stress and Borderline Personality Symptoms

As transgender and gender-diverse people are gaining increased visibility in clinical settings, clinicians are requesting better guidance on providing affirming care to improve the mental health and well-being of these patients. In particular, more direction is needed on whether, when, and how to diagnose and treat borderline personality disorder among gender minorities, partially in response to beliefs among some mental health clinicians that a gender minority identity may be a manifestation of identity diffusion. In this Perspectives article, we argue that gender minority identity, even when fluid, is rarely a sign of identity diffusion. By taking a careful history of a patient's gender identity development, the clinician can clarify and gain more conviction regarding the presence of a patient's gender minority identity. Moreover, multiple stigma-related stressors experienced by gender minorities may produce symptoms and behaviors that can mimic or be consistent with certain diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder. We therefore conclude with recommendations for adopting a gender-affirming framework to treat borderline personality symptoms when present among gender minority patients, with implications for future research and practice.
Constructing a New Taxonomy of Change: Michigan Administrators’ Perspectives on Current Change Processes:

Reform in education is capturing national attention. While a macro view of change process from the policy, legislative or structural perspective is crucial, the perspectives of those engaged in the change process are equally important to the understanding of change in all of its complexity. This study examined the perceptions of administrators whose districts were involved in change processes. The responses from the administrators suggest a framing mechanism, or taxonomy, that represents the current state of change efforts in Michigan.
Celebrating Psi Chi at Yale University

Psi Chi was founded at Yale University on 4 September 1929, during the historic Ninth International Congress of Psychology - the first congress on U.S. soil. This report recounts how Yale University has been partnering with leaders of Psi Chi to host four joyous Anniversary Convocations to date, to salute international psychology, Psi Chi and student excellence in psychology - in 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2019.
Slowly Unfolding Disasters

We develop a model that generates slowly unfolding disasters not only in the macroeconomy but also in financial markets. In our model, investors cannot exactly distinguish whether the economy is experiencing a mild/temporary downturn or is on the verge of a severe/prolonged disaster. Due to imperfect information, disaster periods are not fully identified by investors ex ante. Bayesian learning induces equity prices to gradually react to persistent consumption declines, which plays a critical role in explaining the VIX, variance risk premium, and put-protected portfolio returns. We show that our model can rationalize the market patterns of recent major crises, such as the dot-com bubble burst, Great Recession, and COVID-19 crisis, through investors’ belief channel.
Two Methods for Authentication Using Variable Transmission Power Patterns

In the last decade, the adoption of wireless systems has increased. These systems allow multiple devices to send data wirelessly using radio waves. Moreover, in some applications, authentication is done wirelessly by exchanging authentication data over the air as in wireless locks and keyless entry systems. On the other hand, most of the wireless devices today can control the radio frequency transmission power to optimize the system's performance and minimize interference. In this paper, we explore the possibility of modulating the radio frequency transmission power in wireless systems for authentication purposes and using it for source authentication. Furthermore, we propose two system models that perform authentication using variable power transmission patterns. Then, we discuss possible applications. Finally, we implement and test a prototype system using IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) devices.
Photography magazines and cross-cultural encounters in postwar Japan, 1945-1955

This article examines cross-cultural encounters between Japanese and western (European and American) photographers in the immediate postwar period (1945-1955), asking how these encounters influenced Japanese photographic trends. In addition, this article considers what photographic representations of western cultures reveal about postwar constructions of Japanese cultural identity. Building upon recent research framed by conceptions of photography as sites of cross-cultural encounter (see Melissa Miles & Kate Warren), this article argues that photography magazines provided space for consistent exchange between western and Japanese photographers through multiple platforms: interviews and round table discussions of photographic trends; articles on and photo series by western photographers; and images by both western and Japanese photographers depicting western cultural material and landscapes, such as photographs of western-style fashions, domestic space, and daily life in European and American cities. Such encounters directly influenced photographic trends in Japan. Features on European nude photographers popularised nude photography as an art form among Japanese photographers, and works contributed by the likes of Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Capa, and Robert Doisneau contributed to a rising interest in photographic humanism. Further, these encounters provided a conduit through which photographers and readers encountered western cultural material at a time when Japan underwent a cultural identity crisis brought on by the devastation of defeat and foreign Occupation. In this way, photography magazines simultaneously functioned as spaces that negotiated what exactly “Japanese culture” meant in Japan’s new postwar world.
Understanding the response of mammography facilities to breast density notification

BACKGROUND State-specific breast density notification legislation requires that women undergoing mammography be informed about breast density, with variation among states. Because mammography facilities are among the main points of contact for women undergoing mammography, research is needed to understand how facilities communicate information on breast density, cancer risk, and supplemental screening to women. METHODS A cross-sectional, 50-item, mailed survey of 156 American College of Radiology-certified mammography facilities in North Carolina was conducted in 2017 via the Tailored Design Method. Breast density notification practices, supplemental screening services, and patient educational materials were compared by supplemental screening availability via t tests and chi-square tests. RESULTS All responding facilities (n = 94; 60.3% response rate) notified women of their breast density in the mammography results letter. Breast cancer risk assessments were performed by 36.2% of the facilities, with risk information communicated in the final radiology report for the referring provider to discuss with the woman (79.4%) or in the results letter (58.8%). Supplemental breast cancer screening was offered by 63.8% of the facilities, with use based on multiple factors, including recommendations from the referring physician (63.3%) or reading radiologist (63.3%), breast density (48.3%), other risk factors (48.3%), and patient request (40.0%). Although 75.0% of the facilities offered breast density educational materials, only 36.6% offered educational materials on supplemental screening. CONCLUSIONS In a state with a breast density notification law, mammography facilities communicate breast density, cancer risk, and supplemental screening information to women through various approaches. When supplemental screening is offered, facilities use multiple decision-making criteria rather than breast density alone.
A Tale of Two Copyrights

Imagine, if you will, a world of perfect information, where transactions are cost-less, and in that world, two possible copyright regimes. Both enable copyright owners to engage in perfect price discrimination with respect to every form of access to their original works of authorship. Both therefore avoid the peril of lost access. The first allows a copyright owner to capture the full exchange or market value of its work, as measured by each and every consumer’s willingness to pay. It therefore ensures sufficient incentives for every socially valuable work. The second caps the copyright owner’s return precisely at the owner’s persuasion cost for authoring and distributing that work. Because it does so perfectly, the second regime also ensures sufficient incentives for every socially valuable work. We might call the first regime “cost-less copyright maximalism” and the second “cost-less copyright minimalism.” The choice between them is purely distributional: Should we design copyright to allocate the surplus associated with copyrighted works to copyright owners or to copyright consumers? This article explores why this distributional choice matters and explains why copyright minimalism is the choice we should make.
Stratification of Bleeding Risk Using Thromboelastography in Children on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.

OBJECTIVES Patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are at high risk for bleeding and thrombotic complications. Current laboratory methods for assessing the coagulation system may be imprecise and complicate clinical decision-making. We hypothesize that thromboelastography may be more strongly associated with bleeding events than traditional methods and can aid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation coagulation management. DESIGN In a retrospective study, 40 patients with congenital heart disease requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support yielded a total of 159 patient days of data for thromboelastography analysis. SETTING Pediatric cardiac ICU at a single institution. SUBJECTS Pediatric patients (≤ 18 yr) with congenital heart disease requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. INTERVENTIONS None. METHODS Thromboelastography was performed on whole blood samples collected 6-12 hours following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation and daily for the duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bleeding during each 24-hour period was defined as need for re-exploration or need for blood transfusion. Associations between thromboelastography variables and bleeding over each 24-hour period (bleeding vs nonbleeding days) were assessed using mixed effects logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bleeding occurred in 25 patients (63%), contributing 87 bleeding days (55% extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days) for analysis. The probability of bleeding within the 24-hour period was not associated with activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.6) or anti-Xa levels (p = 0.3) on that day. The strongest correlate of bleeding was a maximum amplitude less than 55.4 mm on thromboelastography (odds ratio, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.63-6.60; p < 0.001). Bleeding occurred on 73% versus 35% of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation days for maximum amplitude less than 55.4 mm versus greater than or equal to 55.4 mm, respectively. Bleeding occurred on all days when a combination of maximum amplitude less than 55.4 mm and a reaction time greater than 12.9 minutes was present. The lowest risk of bleeding (28% of patient days) was associated with maximum amplitude greater than or equal to 55.4 mm and plasma fibrinogen greater than 345 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Thromboelastography-derived variables maximum amplitude and reaction time, along with plasma fibrinogen levels, can help predict bleeding events in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Research based on larger patient samples is needed to confirm the specific thresholds identified for bleeding risk stratification for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation anticoagulation management.
Robust Output Feedback Control of Single-Link Flexible-Joint Robot Manipulator with Matched Disturbances Using High Gain Observer

This article focuses on the output feedback control of single-link flexible-joint robot manipulators (SFJRMs) with matched disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Formally, four sensing elements are required to design the controller for single-link manipulators. We have designed a robust control technique for the semiglobal stabilization problem of the angular position of the link in the SFJRM system, with the availability of only a position sensing device. The sliding mode control (SMC) based output feedback controller is devised for SFJRM dynamics. The nonlinear model of SFJRM is considered to estimate the unknown states utilizing the high-gain observer (HGO). It is shown that the output under SMC using HGO-based estimated states coincides with that using original states when the gains of HGO are sufficiently high. Finally, the results are presented showing that the designed control technique works well when the SFJRM model is uncertain and matched perturbations are expected.
Quantifying Upper Aerodigestive Sequelae in Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula Neonates.

OBJECTIVES We examined rates of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) procedures in a multi-institutional cohort of neonates with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) to estimate secondary UADT pathology. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed using a previously-validated population of patients with EA/TEF within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between 2007 and 2015. ICD-9/10-CM codes for aerodigestive procedures were examined from 2007 to 2020: 1) diagnostic direct laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy (DLB), 2) DLB with intervention, 3) tracheostomy, 4) gastrostomy, 5) fundoplication, 6) aortopexy, 7) laryngotracheoplasty, and 8) esophageal dilation. Associations between procedures and demographics, length of gestation, and weight were estimated using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS We identified 2,509 patients with EA/TEF from 47 hospitals, 56.7% male and 43.3% female. Median length of stay for the first admission was 24 days (interquartile range: 12-55). Of these patients, 1,943 (77.4%) had at least one aerodigestive procedure within 14 admissions. Specifically, 1,635 (65.2%) underwent diagnostic DLB, 85 (3.4%) DLB with intervention, 167 (6.7%) tracheostomy, 1,043 (41.2%) gastrostomy, 211 (11.0%) fundoplication, 52 (2.1%) aortopexy, 161 (6.4%) laryngotracheoplasty, and 207 (8.3%) esophageal dilation. Preterm gestation increased odds of tracheostomy (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.7), gastrostomy (OR 2.1, CI 1.7-2.7), fundoplication (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.4), aortopexy (OR 5.8, CI 2.1-16.1), and esophageal dilation (OR 2.0, CI 1.4-3.0). Very low birth weight (<1,500 g) increased odds of gastrostomy (OR 2.5, CI 1.6-3.8). CONCLUSION Patients with EA/TEF frequently have aerodigestive sequelae. This work helps quantify aerodigestive needs in neonates with EA/TEF, suggesting early otolaryngology evaluation in their care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Androgens promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation through activation of a ZIP9-dependent inhibitory G protein/PI3K-Akt/Erk/cyclin D1 pathway.

Abstract While androgens have been reported to mediate cardiovascular endothelial cell proliferation, the potential involvement of membrane androgen receptors (mAR) has not been examined. Here we show ZIP9, a recently characterized mAR, mediates androgen-induced early proliferative events in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Androgen treatment significantly increased cyclin D1 nuclear localization and proliferation, which were blocked by transfection with siRNA targeting ZIP9 but not the nuclear AR. Testosterone rapidly activated inhibitory G protein signaling, Erk, and Akt, and inhibition of these signaling members abrogated the ZIP9-mediated cyclin D1 and proliferative responses. Erk and Akt modulated cyclin D1 nuclear localization by upregulation of cyclin D1 mRNA and inhibition of GSK-3β activity, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate a role for ZIP9 in HUVEC proliferation and indicates ZIP9 is a physiologically-relevant androgen receptor in the cardiovascular system that merits further study as a potential therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular disease.
A Predictive Shift: Juvenile Obesity's Effect on Established Predictive Models of Body Mass Estimation

Ruff (2007) and Robbins et al. (2010) have developed widely used predictive equations to estimate juvenile body mass (BM) using skeletal measurements of the lower limb. However, the samples used to...
Standardization of UV LED measurements

Traditionally used source spectral-distribution or detector spectral-response based standards cannot be applied for accurate UV LED measurements. Since the CIE standardized rectangular-shape spectral response function for UV measurements cannot be realized with small spectral mismatch when using filtered detectors, the UV measurement errors can be several times ten percent or larger. The UV LEDs produce broadband radiation and both their peaks or spectral bandwidths can change significantly. The detectors used for the measurement of these LEDs also have different spectral bandwidths. In the discussed example, where LEDs with 365 nm peak are applied for fluorescent crack-recognition using liquid penetrant (non-destructive) inspection, the broadband radiometric LED (signal) measurement procedure is standardized. A UV LED irradiance-source was calibrated against an FEL lamp standard to determine its spectral irradiance. The spectral irradiance responsivity of a reference UV meter was also calibrated. The output signal of the reference UV meter was calculated from the spectral irradiance of the UV source and the spectral irradiance responsivity of the reference UV meter. From the output signal, both the integrated irradiance (in the reference plane of the reference meter) and the integrated responsivity of the reference meter were determined. Test UV meters calibrated for integrated responsivity against the reference UV meter, can be used to determine the integrated irradiance from a field UV source. The obtained 5 % (k=2) measurement uncertainty can be decreased when meters with spectral response close to a constant value are selected.
Definitive radiotherapy for stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: The current study characterizes the overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) of patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with radiotherapy alone, and analyzes the variables potentially affecting survival outcomes. METHODS: A total of 8524 patients with stage I NSCLC (according to the sixth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual) who were diagnosed between 1988 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed using the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) from multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year OS rates were 62%, 37%, and 11%, respectively; the corresponding lung cancer CSS survival rates were 68%, 45%, and 20%, respectively. Approximately 77% of deaths were from lung cancer (5292 of 6891 total deaths). Cardiac (n = 477 deaths) and pulmonary (other than lung cancer deaths; n = 475 deaths) deaths accounted for 14% of deaths. From Cox proportional hazards analyses, male sex (HR, 1.2) and squamous cell carcinoma histology (HR, > 1.1) were found to be significantly (P < .0001) adverse prognostic factors for both OS and lung cancer CSS. A more recent calendar year of diagnosis was associated with significantly (P < .0001) improved OS (HR, 0.84 per decade) and lung cancer CSS. This trend was also significant (P < 0.0001) when restricting analyses to those patients with tumors measuring ≤ 5 cm (n = 5402 patients). T1 classification (vs T2 or T unknown) and smaller tumor size were found to be significantly (P < .0001) favorable factors. CONCLUSIONS: From a population-based registry analysis of patients with stage I NSCLC, significant (albeit modest) improvements in survival in more recent years were appreciated, which likely reflect technologic advances in the diagnosis of, staging of, and radiotherapy for NSCLC. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
THE PRACTICE OF MICROBLOGGING

This study reports on the use of the microblogging tool, Twitter, in an intensive English advanced grammar course in a higher educational setting. The author used the tool with 49 students over a 1-year period from September 2010-December 2011, producing more than 3500 tweets. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and triangulated. Results suggest that microblogging may be used to help students notice target language features by providing them with ample opportunities during input, output, and interaction, due to such factors as task structure, audience presence, mediating tools and corrective feedback exchanges with the instructor (Schmidt, 1990, 1993, 1995) . Further results suggest that microblogging may aid in the proceduralization of new grammatical constructions as well as long-term memory consolidation, particularly for visual learners.
Transcription and Transport of Virus-Specific Ribonucleic Acids in African Green Monkey Kidney Cells Abortively Infected with Type 2 Adenovirus

The techniques of deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid (DNA-RNA) hybridization and immunological precipitation were used to compare the synthesis of adenovirus-specific macromolecules in African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells infected with adenovirus, an abortive infection, and coinfected with both adenovirus and simian virus 40 (SV40), which renders the cells permissive for adenovirus replication. When viral protein synthesis was proceeding at its maximum rate, the incorporation of (14)C-amino acids into adenovirus structural proteins was about 90 times greater in the doubly infected cells than in cells infected only with adenovirus. However, the rates of synthesis of virus-specific ribonucleic acid appeared to be comparable in the two infections at all times measured. A time-dependent increase in the rate of RNA synthesis observed late in the abortive infection was dependent upon the prior replication of viral DNA. Moreover, all virus-specific RNA species that are normally made late in a productive adenovirus infection (i.e., the true late and class II early RNA species) were also detected in the abortive infection. Adenovirus-specific RNA was detected by molecular hybridization in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of abortively infected cells. Comparable amounts of viral RNA were found in the cytoplasmic fractions of AGMK cells infected either with adenovirus or with both adenovirus and SV40. The results of hybridization-inhibition experiments clearly showed that there was a class of virus-specific RNA molecules, representing about 30% of the total, in the nucleus that was not transported to the cytoplasm. This class of RNA was also identified in similar amounts in productively infected human KB cells. The difference in the abilities of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA to inhibit the hybridization of virus-specific RNA from whole cells was shown not to be due to a difference in the molecular size of the RNA species from the two cell fractions or to the specific loss of a cytoplasmic species during RNA extraction procedures.