cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional Distress, Drinking, and Academic Achievement across the Adolescent Life Course

Our study of the adolescent life course proposes that substantial maturation occurs within three intertwined arenas of development: the social, the psychological, and the normative attainment. Further, each arena may be linked, respectively, to three youth problem dimensions: drinking, depressive affect, and academic achievement. We use latent growth curves and the Youth Development Study (effective N = 856) to track a panel of teens from their freshman to senior year in high school. There are 54.4% girls and 45.6% boys, and 75.7% non-Hispanic whites and 24.3% other races/ethnicities. Two research goals are addressed: (1) estimate each dimension’s unique developmental trajectory across high school, and (2) model the dimensions together in order to assess their reciprocal influences. While mean levels in all three dimensions increased over time, distinct developmental patterns were observed, especially in drinking and depression. For example, more drinking occasions—a social activity for most teens—may help assuage some teens’ emotional distress, especially girls’. These patterns suggest a synergistic relationship between the social and psychological arenas of development. Contrary to expectation, higher freshman depressive affect was associated with a significantly sharper increase in GPA over time for girls.
Spin Parity Determination of the Xi pi Resonance (1.530 GeV)

The XI pi resonance at 1.530 Bev, which was produced by meson (K/sup -/) reactions in a hydrogen bubble chamber at 1.801.95 Bev/c, was investigated. A complete angular correlation study of the decay sequence XI /sup *o/ yields XI /sup -/ + pi /sup +/, XI /su p -/ yields LAMBDA + pi /sup -/ is reported. lt is concluded that the simplest spin-parity assignment of the resonance is (3/2)/sup +/. (C.E.S.)
Functional dissection of a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, GCN4 of Yeast

Yeast GCN4 protein binds specifically to the promoters of amino acid biosynthetic genes and coordinately induces their transcription. Serially deleted GCN4 and hybrid LexA-GCN4 proteins were assayed for specific DNA binding activity in vitro, and for stimulation of transcription in vivo. The specific DNA binding activity resides in the 60 C-terminal amino acids, a basic region of GCN4. However, certain deletions containing the entire DNA binding region are unable to activate transcription and instead act as repressors in vivo. The activation function appears to critically involve just 19 amino acids that are centrally located in an acidic region of GCN4. In addition to their functional separation, the DNA binding and transcriptional activation regions of the protein can be separated physically by elastase cleavage. The implications of these results for the mechanisms of DNA sequence recognition and transcription activation are discussed.
Minority Student Achievement: Passive Representation and Social Context in Schools

Previous research indicates that the academic performance of minority students improves when school faculties include minority teachers. This research addresses this issue using data from some 540 school districts and 668 campuses in Texas. It finds that the greater the shortfall between the district/campus percentage of minority teachers and the district/campus percentage of minority students, the lower the percentage of district/campus minority students passing the state achievement test. When controls are entered for the rate of increase in minority student percentage, this association disappears for Hispanic students but not for African-American students.
Levels of 234U and 236U excited by the (d, d') reaction☆

Abstract The energy levels of 234U and 236U have been studied through the inelastic scattering of 16 MeV douterons. A magnetic spectrograph was used to momentum-analyse the scattered deuterons at θ = 90° and 125°. Excited in both 234U and 236U were the ground state bands up to and including the 8+ members, the Kπ = 0+ β-vibrations, the Kπ = 2+ γ-vibrations, and the Kπ = 0− octupole vibrational bands. In 234U, additional levels at 1023 and 1126 keV are ascribed to a Kπ = 2− band, levels at 1238, 1312, and 1446 keV are identified as members of either a Kπ = 0− or 1− configuration, and other tentative assignments are made for members of Kπ = 1− and 3− configurations. Relative reduced transition probabilities, B(E2), to the 2+ rotational and γ-vibrational states are generally found to be in good agreement with Coulomb excitation measurements. Relative B(E3) values for the 3− states excited are slightly higher than the predictions of a microscopic theory of octupole vibrations.
8A9 - A field-sensitive spectrometer for quasi-coherent scattering studies

Thermodynamic information of importance may be obtained from a study of temporal fluctuations such as occur in a dielectric fluid near its critical point. Starting from the original implementation by H. Z. Cummins et al., we have, in the course of such work, refined the instrument and its analysis. We describe our instrument together with analysis and measurements intended to illustrate its properties and suggest new applications.
Managing diversity : translating anthropological insight for organization studies

Anthropologists working in the field of organization studies experience difficulty explaining their unique perspective to managers, organization studies specialists, and consultants. The two fields of organization studies and anthropology view organizations from two different paradigms, and this paradigm difference leads to the misunderstanding when similar terminology is used. The purpose of this article is to translate between the field of anthropology and organization studies using an anthropological approach to translation. This translation will prove useful in exploring anthropological and organization studies approaches to managing diversity. Several salient differences are discussed in this article including definitions of organization and culture, management-centric versus culturally relative research emphases, the anthropological distinction between ideal and real cultures, and methodological distinctions between emic and etic and between quantitative and qualitative approaches.
An analytic model of electron‐oxygen elastic scattering in the 1‐500‐eV range

The spatial distribution of electron energy deposition has become important in astrophysics, atmospheric radiation, fusion, and laser physics. To calculate this distribution requires a detailed specification of the elastic differential cross sections at all energies involved in the degradation process. To satisfy this need in the particular case of electrons slowing down in atomic oxygen we have adopted a strategy which gives realistic angular distributions with reasonable computational costs. First, we establish an analytic independent particle model for O/sup -/ which has the form of a double Yukawa function with parameters adjusted to simulate an average Hartree-Fock potential and to yield the exact electron affinity. Next we use an optical model code to calculate at a widely spaced sample of energies the phase shifts for the lower partial waves and a sample of the higher partial waves. We fit these phase shifts with an analytic formula arising from the Born approximation with a simple additional term to satisfy Levinson's theorem for the case of s and p waves which have bound states. By adjusting the parameters of this function to the sample of optical model phase shifts we obtain a precise and economical (12 parameters) analytic description of all opticalmore » model phase shifts at all energies. Using these phase shifts and the usual Legendre polynomial representation we can generate the differential cross section for any desired energy and angle. The saving of computation time with respect to the complete use of the optical model program should make it possible to input realistic quantum mechanical results into electron transport calculations. Other possible applications of our analytic method are discussed.« less
Open standards-based geoprocessing Web services support the study and management of hazard and risk

Over the last 15 years, and particularly in the last 5 years, a robust framework of open geoprocessing standards and sensor web enablement standards has been developed by the OGC, an open, consensu...
Comparative Effectiveness of Robotic-Assisted vs Thoracoscopic Lobectomy

Abstract BACKGROUND:Robotic-assisted lobectomy is being offered increasingly to patients. However, little is known about its safety, complication profile, or effectiveness. METHODS:Patients undergoing lobectomy in in the United States from 2008 to 2011 were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. In-hospital mortality, complications, length of stay, and cost for patients undergoing robotic-assisted lobectomy were compared with those for patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy. RESULTS:We identified 2,498 robotic-assisted and 37,595 thoracoscopic lobectomies performed from 2008 to 2011. The unadjusted rate for any complication was higher for those undergoing robotic-assisted lobectomy than for those undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy (50.1% vs 45.2%,P CONCLUSIONS:In this early experience with robotic surgery, robotic-assisted lobectomy was associated with a higher rate of intraoperative injury and bleeding than was thoracoscopic lobectomy, at a significantly higher cost.
Analysis of mutants in chaoptin, a photoreceptor cell-specific glycoprotein in Drosophila, reveals its role in cellular morphogenesis

Abstract Monoclonal antibody 241310 (MAb24B10) specifically stains photoreceptor neurons in D. melanogaster. It recognizes a 160 kd glycoprotein localized to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane. Using an immunoscreen, we identified two mutations in the encoding gene that cause microvillar disorganization in developing rhabdomeres and disruption of the closely apposed membranes of adjacent cells. In accordance with the mutant phenotype, we have renamed this genetic locus chaoptic and the encoded glycoprotein, chaoptin. Immunoelectron microscopy indicates that chaoptin is distributed along the length of the microvillus. This localization and the morphological abnormalities in mutants support the hypothesis that chaoptin may mediate adhesion between closely apposed membranes. In principle, the immunoscreen utilized here can be used to identify mutations in any gene in Drosophila for which antibodies to the gene product are available.
Sequestering Rac with PKA confers cAMP control of cytoskeletal remodeling

Rac GTPases promote formation of membrane ruffles, yet how key effectors of this small GTPase operate in response to intracellular signals is not well established. In our recent report, "Anchored PKA recruitment of active Rac," we identify a cortical actin cytoskeletal signaling complex containing an A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (AKAP) and the IQGAP2 isoform. We show that dynamic assembly of this complex requires the combined action of calcium and cAMP signals. Furthermore, phosphorylation of IQGAP2 by the AKAP220-anchored PKA enhances Rac binding and membrane ruffling. We also discuss our recent findings and provide additional evidence that phosphorylation of IQGAP2 brings IQGAP2 to membrane ruffles.
Inheritance of resistance to rust in sugarcane

Abstract The inheritance of resistance to rust in sugarcane was studied in 13 F 1 and two S 1 families involving eight clones as parents. Results indicated marked transgressive segregation toward susceptibility in all F 1 and S 1 families studied. The skewed distribution of rust rating toward susceptibility in most of those families suggests that resistance to rust was partially dominant. Analysis of variance showed that the maternal component was much greater than the paternal component and a large amount of variance was due to non-additive genetic effect and common environment. Susceptible parents tended to transmit a higher frequency of rust-susceptible genes to their offspring.
Computation of 2D Navier Stokes equations with moving interfaces by using GMRES

In this paper, we present a novel numerical algorithm to compute two-dimensional (2D) viscous interfacial flows governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations together with interfacial conditions. The essential idea is to use the generalized minimum residual (GMRES) method to efficiently solve the large algebraic system resulting from the temporal and spatial discretizations. With this algorithm, moving interfaces can be captured with high accuracy and viscous effects on wave motion can be studied in detail. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HARDLY EVER OR CONSTANTLY? GROUP COMPARISONS USING VAGUE QUANTIFIERS

Investigations of vague quantifiers-phrases like "very often," which express frequency in relative terms-have left the consequences of analyzing absolute or relative responses largely unexplored. This paper examines whether the choice of relative or absolute frequencies affects comparisons by race, sex, education, and age and the meaning of relative-frequency and relative-intensity phrases for these groups. Items analyzed are the frequency of excitement and boredom (using a 1975 national probability sample of households with quotas, N = 1,172). Conclusions about race differences in excitement and boredom differ for absolute and relative frequencies. There are significant differences by race, education, and age in the meaning of phrases conveying relative frequency: such phrases stand for higher absolute frequencies for whites, for better educated, and for younger respondents.
Magnetic and Magneto-Optical Properties of Nanostructured Rare Earth-Transition Metal Multilayered Films

Experimental and theoretical research into the magnetic and magnetooptic properties of rare earth-transition metal (RE/TM) multilayers Is reviewed. The occurrence of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is understood in terms of a detailed model based on single-ion anisotropy. Magneto- optic properties of RE/TM multilayers are, in general, similar in magnitude to those of the TM. Plasma-enhancement and related effects in magnetic/metallic bilayers are observed and discussed in detail.
Generalized isotonic conditional random fields

Conditional random fields are one of the most popular structured prediction models. Nevertheless, the problem of incorporating domain knowledge into the model is poorly understood and remains an open issue. We explore a new approach for incorporating a particular form of domain knowledge through generalized isotonic constraints on the model parameters. The resulting approach has a clear probabilistic interpretation and efficient training procedures. We demonstrate the applicability of our framework with an experimental study on sentiment prediction and information extraction tasks.
SPRING MIGRATION OVER PUERTO RICO AND THE WESTERN ATLANTIC, A RADAR STUDY

Summary Migration over Puerto Rico was recorded by time-lapse filming of the display of a long-range surveillance radar on 108 days and 93 nights in the period 13 August-13 November in 1970 and 1971. Altitudes were recorded on nine days. Passerine movements to the E-SSE from Puerto Rico and Hispaniola occurred on many nights. Their density was greatest between late September and mid-November, especially when the easterly Trade Winds abated. Shorebirds and passerines moving SE, S and SW on a broad front approached from over the ocean intermittently throughout the period, with largest numbers from mid-September to early November. Arrivals occurred at all hours of the day and night. Many were at altitudes of 3 to 6 km, including some believed to be passerines. Birds that flew high by day descended after sunset. Many continued southwards over or past Puerto Rico. The tracks of birds arriving from over the ocean were correlated with wind direction, but were rarely downwind. The variance in tracks was slightly greater on cloudy than on clear nights, but there was no evidence of serious disorientation in any situation. There was a negative correlation between the density of arrival from the north and the easterly component of the wind. This, together with evidence that the eastern edge of most passerine flights was near Puerto Rico, suggests the existence of lateral wind drift. The relationships of estimated headings to wind and to tracks also suggested that the birds were drifted, contrary to the situation in spring. The shorebirds and passerines arriving from the NW-NE were concluding overwater flights of 2000–3000 km from SE Canada and the eastern U.S.A., often along clockwise-curved routes. Some that continued to South America flew 4000 km or more non-stop.
Biogeography: the coelacanth of frogs.

A frog that lives in the mountains of southern India is a rare breed indeed: it is a new species that merits the establishment of a new family. Moreover, this is a discovery with considerable biogeographical significance.
[2.2]Paracyclophane

[2.2]Paracyclophane reactant: 100 g. (0.54 mole) of α-bromo-p-xylene intermediate: p-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium bromide product: [2.2]paracyclophane product: 5,5′-ethylene-1,2-bis-(2-thienyl)-ethane product: 5,5′-ethylene-1,2-bis-(2-furyl)-ethane Keywords: alkylation, N-alkylation; annulation, carbocyclic-[>6]; cyclization, cycloaddition; p-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium bromide, preparation of; silver oxide, preparation; α-bromo-p-xylene, lachrymator, irritant; trimethylamine
Titania-German Nanocomposites for Quantum Dot Solar Cells

Several new photovoltaic semiconductor materials and technologies have been developed due to the increasing need for renewable energy sources. Quantum dot (QD) based solar cell is potentially one of the best contenders. We have developed a thermodynamically stable nanocomposite (stable up to 900°C) titania-germanium (TiO2-Ge) which shows promise as the active layer for QD solar cells. In TiO2-Ge nanocomposites Ge nanodots are distributed in a TiO2 matrix. Due to the 3-D quantum confinement effect, tailoring of the optoelectronic properties is relatively easily done by simply varying the Ge nanodots size. Ge is particularly advantageous since its Bohr radius is relatively large, 25 nm. In this paper results of the variation of the optoelectronic properties of TiO2-Ge nanocomposites as a function of the nanostructure parameters are presented. TiO2-Ge nanocomposite thin films were synthesized using RF magnetron sputtering. The structural studies (by XRD, HRTEM) established the fact that the Ge concentration in the composite target governs the size of the Ge nanodots whereas RF sputtering power controls the density of Ge nanodots in the nanocomposite films. The optical spectroscopic studies showed that the variation of the size of Ge nanodots in the TiO2-Ge films shifts the absorption edge from ∼ 0.66 eV (infrared) to ∼ 2.3 eV (blue-green). Similarly, dark conductivity also varies in a wide range of 10−7 - 10−2 Scm−1 by altering the concentration as well as the structural phase (amorphous or crystalline) of Ge.
Phase-root locus and relative stability

A new graphical tool called the phase-root locus is introduced. It is the dual of the conventional root locus, and indicates the motion of closed-loop poles in the s-plane as phase is added to the open-loop transfer function. The root locus/phase-root locus plots are shown to facilitate destabilization diagnosis, which may help determine what part of an unstable physical system requires modification. For example, destabilization may be caused by one closed-loop pole due to a phase-shift at one value of system gain, and by a different pole due to gain variations at another value of system gain. The phase-root locus also allows relative stability information, including phase margin, to be accessed from the s-plane. Thus the s-plane can now be used for robustness analysis/design as well as transient analysis/design. The phase-root locus shows promise as a tool in compensator design as well as in the teaching of classical control theory.
Antitrust's Pursuit of Purpose

Consumer welfare is the stated goal of U.S. antitrust law. It was offered to resolve contradictions and inconsistencies in antitrust. The Supreme Court adopted it believing that “Congress designed the Sherman Act as a consumer welfare prescription.” Alas, since the introduction of the standard, antitrust has been searching for its purpose. This Foreword introduces the debate on the goals of antitrust and briefly presents perspectives in this debate.
Detecting Tropical Cyclone Genesis From Remotely Sensed Infrared Image Data

An objective technique to discriminate developing from nondeveloping cloud clusters during tropical cyclogenesis is described. Since vortices are characterized by high levels of organization or axisymmetry, their detection at early stages of the lifecycle of tropical cyclones makes it possible to determine when they form. To quantify the axisymmetry of a cloud cluster around a predefined radius, a statistical analysis of the orientation of the brightness-temperature gradient is performed. Results show that early detections of axisymmetric structures reliably indicate the cyclone genesis on an average of 0.6 h before an atmospheric disturbance becomes a tropical depression. In addition, the technique shows potential to discriminate nondeveloping from developing cloud clusters. A statistical analysis shows that a true-positive rate of detection of approximately 93% could be achieved with a false-alarm rate of 22%.
Management of Male Pseudohermaphroditism: A Case Report Spanning Twenty-One Years

Management of infants born with ambiguous sex organs requires the close collaboration of a team of professionals: pediatric endocrinologist, pediatric psychologist, gynecologist, and surgeon. The interdisciplinary teamwork of a group of professionals is described in the case of a patient announced at birth as a male but within days reannounced and reared as a female. Over the next 21 years, she became completely aware of her endocrine condition, including its medical classification (male pseudohermaphroditism), her chromosomal (46 XY) and gonadal (testes) status, and her early history of male sex assignment. The clinical management described herein helped this person deal effectively with her condition despite unsuccessful reconstructive vagal surgery. Substantiation of this is provided by the patient's personal comments.
Mesh herniorrhaphy with simultaneous colorectal surgery: a case-matched study from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of concurrent mesh herniorrhaphy on short-term outcomes of colorectal surgery by using a large, nationwide database. Methods Patients who underwent simultaneous ventral hernia repair (VHR) and colorectal surgery between 2005 and 2010 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Patients who underwent VHR with mesh repair were case matched with patients who underwent VHR without mesh based on the type of colorectal procedure, diagnosis, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score. Results Two hundred sixty-two patients who underwent VHR with mesh were case matched with 524 patients who underwent VHR without mesh. Mean operating time was significantly longer in patients who underwent VHR with mesh (195.8 ± 98.7 vs 164.3 ± 84.4 minutes, P P = .58), mortality ( P = .27), superficial surgical site infection (SSI) ( P = .14), deep SSI ( P = .38), organ space SSI ( P = .17), wound disruption ( P > .99), reoperation ( P = .48), and length of hospital stay ( P = .71) were comparable between the groups. Conclusion The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data suggest that VHR with mesh does not increase 30-day mortality, medical or surgical morbidity in colorectal surgery setting.
Current concepts in pediatric liver tumors.

Emre S, Umman V, Rodriguez-Davalos M. Current concepts in pediatric liver tumors. Abstract: Liver tumors in children can be classified into benign or malignant; some of the benign lesions can have the potential of malignant transformation, and therefore the therapeutic approach may change. These neoplasms account for nearly 1–2% of all pediatric tumors and they have gained significant attention in the last decades due to data suggesting that the incidence may be increasing 5% annually. We know that with new and improved imaging modalities some of these lesions may be detected more often than before. Recent studies showed that liver cancer represented 2% of malignancies in infants by 1980s and this was doubled in incidence to 4% in the following 10 yr. In this review our aim is to discuss all primary liver tumors in children with attention to their clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features followed by the current standard of care.
Evaluation of a QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size. VII: Specificity in a control group with right ventricular hypertrophy due to mitral stenosis.

Abstract The complete quantitative Selvester scoring system 1–3 based on QRS complex abnormalities on the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram is used for diagnosis 4 and estimation of myocardial infarct (MI) size. 5 The electrocardiographic changes of ventricular hypertrophy also involve the QRS complex and, therefore, can potentially confound the assessment regarding MI. 6 Patients with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy due to mitral stenosis were selected to determine (1) which of the Selvester criteria for MI are falsely positive because of RV hypertrophy; (2) the specificity of the complete Selvester QRS scoring system; (3) the specificity of the subset of 3 MI screening criteria 4 and (4) whether the falsely positive Selvester criteria for MI occur only in the presence of truly positive criteria for RV hypertrophy. 7
A suf operon requirement for Fe-S cluster assembly during iron starvation in Escherichia coli.

Summary The suf and isc operons of Escherichia coli have been implicated in Fe–S cluster assembly. However, it has been unclear why E. coli has two systems for Fe–S cluster biosynthesis. We have examined the regulatory characteristics and mutant phenotypes of both operons to discern if the two operons have redundant functions or if their cellular roles are divergent. Both operons are similarly induced by hydrogen peroxide and the iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl, although by different mechanisms. Regulation of the isc operon is mediated by IscR, whereas the suf operon requires OxyR and IHF for the response to oxidative stress and Fur for induction by iron starvation. Simultaneous deletion of iscS and most suf genes is synthetically lethal. However, although the suf and isc operons have overlapping functions, they act as distinct complexes because the SufS desulphurase alone cannot substitute for the IscS enzyme. In addition, suf deletion mutants are more sensitive to iron starvation than isc mutants, and the activity of the Fe–S enzyme gluconate dehydratase is diminished in the suf mutant during iron starvation. These findings are consistent with the model that the isc operon encodes the housekeeping Fe–S cluster assembly system in E. coli, whereas the suf operon is specifically adapted to synthesize Fe–S clusters when iron or sulphur metabolism is disrupted by iron starvation or oxidative stress.
Extended DQRAP (XDQRAP). A cable TV protocol functioning as a distributed switch

XDQRAP, an extension of DQRAP (distributed Queueing Random Access protocol), is a multiple access protocol that like DQRAP offers a throughput equal to the offered traffic up to a load of one and with a lesser delay than any other multiple access protocol. XDQRAP, as does DQRAP, provides this performance for all values of "a", i.e., the size of the network is immaterial. XDQRAP also functions as a distributed switch in that the segments of variable length packets in a dotted system do not require encapsulation, i.e., an adaptation layer is not required. XDQRAP is described and simulation results are presented. The argument is presented that community networks should utilize random access of a shared medium on the inbound channel(s) at the MAC layer and that these community networks should utilize XDQRAP to support all voice and data transmission. >
Pelvic neoplasms causing pain.

The following is a discussion of dyspareunia and its role as an aid to diagnosing pelvic neoplasms. The great majority of cases of dyspareunia are psychosomatic in origin, and in a large proportion of the remaining cases, painful coitus is an indicator of benign problems. Nevertheless, painful coitus is a symptom which requires careful pelvic examination to rule out the possibility of pelvic neoplasm and to discover treatable causes of dyspareunia.
Sequential formation of multiple dark photorefractive spatial solitons: experiments and theory

Steady-state dark photorefractive spatial screening solitons are observed in an odd- or even-number sequence when a laser beam that contains a dark stripe generated from a phase or amplitude discontinuity in the center of the beam is launched into a biased bulk strontium barium niobate crystal. If the initial width of the dark stripe is small, only a fundamental soliton or a Y-junction soliton is generated, corresponding to the lowest order in the odd- or even-number soliton sequence. As the initial width and the bias field are increased, we observe a progressive transition from a lower-order soliton to a sequence of higher-order multiple solitons. We show that these dark solitons induce stable waveguides that can guide an intense beam of a different wavelength into multiple channels. Comparisons between experiments and theory on multiple dark spatial solitons are presented and shown to be in good agreement.
Free-space optical link by microelectromechanical system array and corner cube reflector

We show here a laboratory demonstration of a free-space optical retrocommunication link using a laser at a wavelength of 1.064 /spl mu/m. The link consists of a transmissive mechanically active antireflection switch array and a corner cube reflector. This link is 3 m long and the beam diameter at the chip is 1.5 mm. A 40% modulation has been achieved at 30-V peak-to-peak bias for a data rate of 2.5 kb/s in atmosphere. We have previously shown that the small etchant hole in the membrane causes a slower data rate, which can be fixed by operating the device in a rough vacuum.
Protein intake: effects on bone mineral density and the rate of bone loss in elderly women

Background: The role of dietary protein in bone metabolism is controversial. Objective: We investigated the associations of dietary protein intake with baseline bone mineral density (BMD) and the rate of bone loss over 3 y in postmenopausal elderly women. Design: Women aged 65‐77 y (n = 489) were enrolled in an osteoporosis intervention trial. We studied the associations of protein intake as a percentage of energy with baseline BMD and the rate of bone loss in 96 women in the placebo group (n = 96). We also examined the effect of the interaction of dietary calcium intake with protein intake on BMD. Results: In the cross-sectional study, a higher intake of protein was associated with higher BMD. BMD was significantly higher (P 408 mg/d. There was no significant effect of protein intake on hip BMD. In the longitudinal study of the placebo group, there was no association between protein intake and the rate of bone loss. Conclusions: The highest quartile of protein intake (x : 72 g/d) was associated with higher BMD in elderly women at baseline only when the calcium intake exceeded 408 mg/d. In the longitudinal study, no association was seen between protein intake and the rate of bone loss, perhaps because the sample size was too small or the follow-up period of 3 y was not long enough to detect changes. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:1517‐25.
A 1.1 V 2y-nm 4.35 Gb/s/pin 8 Gb LPDDR4 Mobile Device With Bandwidth Improvement Techniques

The demands on higher bandwidth with reduced power consumption in mobile market are driving mobile DRAM with advanced design techniques. Proposed LPDDR4 in this paper achieves over 39% improvement in power efficiency and over 4.3 Gbps data rate with 1.1 V supply voltage. These are challenging targets compared with those of LPDDR3. This work describes design schemes employed in LPDDR4 to satisfy these requirements, such as multi-channel-per-die architecture, multiple training modes, low-swing interface, DQS and clock frequency dividing, and internal reference for data and command-address signals. This chip was fabricated in a 3-metal 2y-nm DRAM CMOS process.
The Impact of Management Information System on Employee Performance

The major aim of the research paper is to measure the impact of Management Information System (MIS) on service quality in commercial banks. Moreover, it tries to investigate whether there are differences in the employee performance between the state and private commercial banks.
Technical Parameters Associated with Miniaturized Chromatography Systems

The technical parameters associated with miniaturized chromatography systems for several Tc-99m preparations were evaluated. These parameters included effects of radiopharmaceutical spot size; effects of drying time between spotting and strip development; technologist’s degree of chromatographic experience; and effect of incorrect strip counting on the radiochemical evaluation of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals. Results indicate that small radiopharmaceutical samples (2 μl) should be spotted on the chromatography strips and these strips should then be developed immediately. A technologist’s degree of chromatographic experience has little effect on the radiochemical evaluation of the radiopharmaceuticals as long as the proper procedure is used. Incorrect counting of the sectioned chromatography strips produces large errors in the radiochemical evaluation of a specific Tc-99m radiopharmaceutical.
Opportunities, Challenges, and Successes in the Development of Medicines for the Treatment of Addiction

This chapter aims to provide a brief conceptual yet personalized understanding of progress in the development of medicines for the treatment of addictions. This synopsis does not strive to examine each area in depth, but to highlight trends and concepts that could have more general implications for the field of developing medications to treat addiction. Whilst there is, naturally, some overlap with approaches articulated in other parts of this book, I shall seek to provide an understanding of the challenges and opportunities in developing new medicines for the treatment of addiction. Undoubtedly, new approaches to medications development have rested heavily on the explosion of neuroscientific knowledge that has transformed the specialty. Animal models that can be more predictive of therapeutic response in humans continue to be developed and improved. A bi-directional approach to medications development is needed—not only from animals to humans but from human to animals—to elucidate mechanisms of action and patterns of response or “fingerprints” that will speed the development of new medicines. Computational approaches from systems biology might increase the efficiency of this process. Broadly, the most important advances in new medicines have occurred in the fields of alcoholism and smoking; however, perhaps the most traditional of approaches, in terms of direct agonist and antagonist approaches, has been in the field of opiate dependence. Other experimental approaches, including the potential development of vaccines for the treatment of stimulant dependence, are appraised. Genetics offers the potential to develop medicines targeted at specific subtypes of individuals with addiction disorder. Indeed, molecular genetics might expand our understanding of addictions from particular diseases driven by taking a specific substance or substances, with possible subtypes, to the concept that there might be different diseases linked by the endophenotype of the person taking the abused substance(s). Furthermore, molecular and biochemical studies open up the possibility of discovering new pathways, and their interactions, that could bring about the development of novel compounds. Constructive collaborations between industry and academia can speed the development of new medicines. The movement of addiction treatment from community and specialist centers to general practice promises to provide greater access to treatment for all, and to make the management of addictive disease similar to that of other chronic diseases in medicine.
On Liu's simplicial depth and Randles' interdirections

At about the same time (approximately 1989), R. Liu introduced the notion of simplicial depth and R. Randles the notion of interdirections. These completely independent and seemingly unrelated initiatives, serving different purposes in nonparametric multivariate analysis, have spawned significant activity within their quite different respective domains. A surprising and fruitful connection between the two notions is shown. Exploiting the connection, statistical procedures based on interdirections can be modified to use simplicial depth instead, at considerable reduction of computational burden in the case of dimensions 2, 3, and 4. Implications regarding multivariate sign test statistics are discussed in detail, and several other potential applications are noted. An important connection between Liu's simplicial depth and Randles' interdirections.Computational advantage of simplicial depth over interdirections.Basis for profitably modifying statistical procedures based on interdirections.New perspectives on multivariate sign tests.
Identifying Important Ions and Positions in Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Using CUR Matrix Decompositions

Mass spectrometry imaging enables label-free, high-resolution spatial mapping of the chemical composition of complex, biological samples. Typical experiments require selecting ions and/or positions from the images: ions for fragmentation studies to identify keystone compounds and positions for follow up validation measurements using microdissection or other orthogonal techniques. Unfortunately, with modern imaging machines, these must be selected from an overwhelming amount of raw data. Existing techniques to reduce the volume of data, the most popular of which are principle component analysis and non-negative matrix factorization, have the disadvantage that they return difficult-to-interpret linear combinations of actual data elements. In this work, we show that CX and CUR matrix decompositions can be used directly to address this selection need. CX and CUR matrix decompositions use empirical statistical leverage scores of the input data to provide provably good low-rank approximations of the measured da...
A Simple Line Game With Real-Time Visualization of the Internal Data Structure (Abstract Only)

Designing tools for K-12 computer science education poses a unique and difficult challenge. The focus should be on teaching broad computer science concepts in an engaging way. Other approaches have involved visualizing data structures and algorithms. However, those approaches aren't very engaging. By applying the principles of universal design for learning we created an interactive visualization tool for a simple line game. This visualization tool has several ways to represent the same data structure, and is much more engaging than other approaches to teaching computer science concepts. We are still conducting research on the effectiveness of this tool, but our preliminary results look promising.
Size-assortative Pairing and Mate Recognition by the Thickclaw Porcelain Crab Pachycheles Rudis Stimpson, 1858 (Anomura, Porcellanidae)

Field sampling and laboratory experiments were used to examine the mating system of an anomuran crab, Pachycheles rudis, which typically occurs in heterosexual pairs. Paired crabs occurred over a large size range and were strongly size correlated, suggesting the possibility of long-term pairings. Moreover, both sexes exhibited aggression towards conspecific strangers of the opposite sex. Crabs were separated from their mates for periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 hours, and their behavior monitored following reintroduction. Resident males showed an elevated level of aggression towards their returning mates following periods of separation greater than 48 hours, and the number of pushes and other acts of aggression were comparable to that shown against strange females. The formation of new pairings involves agonistic interactions between sexes, and females appear to be dominant in stable pairs. Pachycheles rudis appears to fit models that were previously constructed for monogamous Crustacea remarkably well.
A basis for comparing the potency of gonadotrophins.

Summary1. Three types of gonadotrophins were compared on the basis of the capacity of each to induce ovulation 18 hours after a single subcutaneous injection of a minimal ovulating unit of the extract into mature diestrous mice weighing at least 20 g. The minimal ovulating dose is defined as the smallest amount of gonadotrophin which will induce ovulation in 70% of a group of 10 or more mice similarly treated. 2. The minimal ovulating dose for the chorionic gonadotrophin was found to be 1.0 I.U.; for the pregnant mare's serum, approximately 5.0 I.U.; for the extract of the anterior pituitary of the horse, 0.25 Fevold-Hisaw Unit. 3. This bioassay method is of definite value in comparing the potency of various gonadotrophins.
How are land grant institutions internationalizing undergraduate agricultural studies

The purpose of this study was to determine the status of international agricultural education at 1862 land grant institutions, by answering the question, what are our 1862 land grant institutions doing to integrate international studies into their undergraduate agricultural curricula? Two investigations were conducted: (1) a Web site content analysis and (2) an international director survey. A Web site-based content analysis was conducted to determine the contents of 57 land grant institution’s colleges of agriculture’ Web sites; it identified current trends in agriculture regarding international themes. The programs identified were: (1) student study abroad; (2) faculty research and/or programs; (3) graduate research and/or programs; (4) training and/or visitors; (5) international students on campus; (6) foreign agreements and/or contracts; and (7) majors, minors, certificates, curriculum, and course content. All questions were based on information for the 2003-2004 academic years. Of the 57 institutions surveyed, a total of 31 surveys were submitted for a response rate of 54%. The results of the content analysis and the survey indicated that the nature of international agricultural programs is predictable, yet approaches, support and implementation vary widely between institutions. Despite the strong belief in study abroad programs, very few agriculture students participate in study abroad programs at 1862 land grant institutions.
Moving for Opportunities? Changing Patterns of Migration in North America

The United States and Canada are historically two of the most highly mobile populations in the world. Ever-evolving patterns of migration have continually shaped and reshaped demographic, social, and economic dynamics in North America while also being impacted by them. Over time, data describing migration patterns have grown more sophisticated, but a comprehensive theory of migration remains elusive. In this chapter, we utilize rich data from the census and supplemental national surveys to describe historical and contemporary patterns of geographic mobility in North America. In addition, we assess the interaction of the migration processes with broader social dynamics with the aim of pushing forward the theoretical frameworks for understanding geographic mobility. We argue that despite the wide recognition by migration scholars that people move for a variety of reasons, analyses of North American migration patterns have been dominated by economic explanations. In contrast, we describe how major migration and residential mobility patterns through North American history – including westward expansion, urbanization, The Great Migration, regional decentralization, and suburbanization – can be better understood by employing both economic and non-economic explanations.
A Computational Model of YAP/TAZ Mechanosensing

In cell proliferation, stem cell differentiation, chemoresistance, and tissue organization, the ubiquitous role of YAP/TAZ continues to impact our fundamental understanding in numerous physiological and disease systems. YAP/TAZ is an important signaling nexus integrating diverse mechanical and biochemical signals, such as ECM stiffness, adhesion ligand density, or cell-cell contacts, and thus strongly influences cell fate. Recent studies show that YAP/TAZ mechanical sensing is dependent on RhoA-regulated stress fibers. However, current understanding of YAP/TAZ remains limited due to the unknown interaction between the canonical Hippo pathway and cell tension. Furthermore, the multiscale relationship connecting adhesion signaling to YAP/TAZ activity through cytoskeleton dynamics remains poorly understood. To identify the roles of key signaling molecules in mechanical signal sensing and transduction, we present a, to our knowledge, novel computational model of the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. This model converts extracellular-matrix mechanical properties to biochemical signals via adhesion, and integrates intracellular signaling cascades associated with cytoskeleton dynamics. We perform perturbations of molecular levels and sensitivity analyses to predict how various signaling molecules affect YAP/TAZ activity. Adhesion molecules, such as FAK, are predicted to rescue YAP/TAZ activity in soft environments via the RhoA pathway. We also found that changes of molecule concentrations result in different patterns of YAP/TAZ stiffness response. We also investigate the sensitivity of YAP/TAZ activity to ECM stiffness, and compare with that of SRF/MAL, which is another important regulator of differentiation. In addition, the model shows that the unresolved synergistic effect of YAP/TAZ activity between the mechanosensing and the Hippo pathways can be explained by the interaction of LIM-kinase and LATS. Overall, our model provides a, to our knowledge, novel platform for studying YAP/TAZ activity in the context of integrating different signaling pathways. This platform can be used to gain, to our knowledge, new fundamental insights into roles of key molecular and mechanical regulators on development, tissue engineering, or tumor progression.
Research on disease burden of malignant neoplasm in Guangzhou citizen

Objective To find out the key point for disease control and provide the basis for rational allocation of health resources by evaluating the burden of the malignant neoplasm patients in Guangzhou.Methods Malignant neoplasm mortality,disability-adjusted life year(DALY),premature death caused by years of life lost(YLL) and years of life lost due to disability(YLD) are analyzed to evaluate the burden of malignant neoplasm patients,based on the death of malignant neoplasm information of Guangzhou in 2008.Results The standardized mortality rate of malignant neoplasm of Guangzhou was 116.74 per 100 000.All malignant neoplasm were responsible for 17.77 DALYs for every thousand population(for men and 13.22 for women).In all DALYs,YLL s accounted for 84.40%,and YLDs 15.60%;DALY for each thousand people are gradually increased with age,the highest for the group of 70 to 79.The top 3 DALYs for every thousand population were trachea,bronchus and lung,liver and nasopharynx(4.62,3.25 and 0.99,respectively),with the same rank in men,while female are trachea,bronchus and lung,breast and liver.Conclusion Trachea,bronchus,lung,liver and gallbladder,nasopharynx and breast cancer show heavier disease burden in Guangzhou.The burden of malignant neoplasm can be reduced if early diagnosis would be enhanced and more effective interventions would be adopted.