cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Databases will visualize queries too

Visual Query Languages study ways to help users compose queries with visual metaphors. Information Visualization studies automatic visualization techniques to help users understand and analyze data. Query Management focuses on ways to help users manage and re-use existing queries. We observe that there is a related research question across those three topics which has not received much attention, namely that of Query Visualization: How to visually represent a query to help users quickly understand its intent? Here we argue that the involved challenges are still markedly different from those of the other three, that a solution can considerably improve the usability of DBMSs, and that the topic is thus worthy of attention. We envision, that in a few years, there will be free, modular, and lightweight tools available that allow users to visualize and interpret their queries.
Coassembly of Enantiomeric Amphipathic Peptides into Amyloid-Inspired Rippled β-Sheet Fibrils

Amphipathic peptides composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids self-assemble into amyloid-inspired, β-sheet nanoribbon fibrils. Herein, we report a new fibril type that is formed from equimolar mixtures of enantiomeric amphipathic peptides (l- and d-(FKFE)2). Spectroscopic analysis indicates that these peptides do not self-sort and assemble into enantiomeric fibrils composed of all-l and all-d peptides, but rather coassemble into fibrils that contain alternating l- and d-peptides in a “rippled β-sheet” orientation. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicates an enthalpic advantage for rippled β-sheet coassembly compared to self-sorted β-sheet assembly of enantiomeric peptides.
History of Section D: Medical and Veterinary Entomology

Planning for a medical entomology organization within the American Association of Economic Entomologists began with the appointment of a committee composed of F. S. Blanton, S. F. Carpenter, A. B. Gurney, W. W. Middlekauff, J. W. Enke, J. D. DeCoursey, Donald McCreary, and G. H. Bradley (chairman), Dec. 29, 1947. This committee presented a petition to the Executive Committee of AAEE recommending that the field of medical entomology, including veterinary entomology, receive recognition by the association.
Prestack Waveform Inversion of Four-Component, Two-Azimuth Surface Seismic Data for Orthorhombic Elastic Media Parameters Using a Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm

Consideration of azimuthal anisotropy, at least to an orthorhombic symmetry is important in exploring the naturally fractured and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Inverting surface seismic data for subsurface orthorhombic properties is however a challenge. Such an inversion needs multicomponent seismic data requiring inversion algorithms capable of simultaneously optimizing multiple objectives, one for each data component. In addition, an accurate extraction of subsurface azimuthal anisotropy requires multicomponent seismic data acquired at a fine spatial resolution along many source-to-receiver azimuthal orientations. Because routine acquisition of such data is prohibitively expensive, they are typically available for two or at most three azimuthal orientations at a spatial resolution where such an inversion could be applied. In this work, we apply a multiobjective optimization method using a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm to extract the anisotropic elastic properties and density from multicomponent surface seismic data sorted along two different source-to-receiver azimuthal orientations that extracted the rotated elastic properties along these directions. We then use the extracted models along two azimuths and the azimuthal angle difference between them to construct the orthorhombic elastic properties of the subsurface. Applying our methodology on a multilayered model with different anisotropic symmetries, we demonstrate that our method is capable of extracting most of the elastic parameters and density to a reasonable accuracy. We conclude that inverting surface seismic data along two azimuths and then combining them into an orthorhombic subsurface model is a practical way to characterize the subsurface for azimuthal anisotropy
Under Surveillance: Examining Facebook’s Spiral of Silence Effects in the Wake of NSA Internet Monitoring

Since Edward Snowden exposed the National Security Agency’s use of controversial online surveillance programs in 2013, there has been widespread speculation about the potentially deleterious effect...
An Analysis of Energy Consumption Patterns by Stage of Family Life Cycle

The author examines energy consumption by stage of family life cycle while controlling for income and number of family members in the labor force. Conservation and public policy implications are drawn.
Fully High-Speed Gravure Printed, Low-Variability, High-Performance Organic Polymer Transistors with Sub-5 V Operation

Printed transistors will be a key component in low-cost, large area, flexible printed systems such as flexible displays, sensor networks, or radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. In any such applications, these printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) will have to operate at low voltages, exhibit good uniformity, and deliver relatively high performance by using scaled source and drain electrodes. In addition, devices need to be printed at high speeds to fully harness the potential of low-cost fabrication that printed electronics promises. Gravure printing is a particularly promising technique because it combines high resolution in the sub-10 μm regime with high printing speed on the order of 1 m s–1. Here, for the first time, fully gravure-printed OTFTs are demonstrated that use highly scaled source and drain electrodes with linewidth and spacing of 5 μm. All layers are printed at 1 m s–1. An amorphous polymer semiconductor is used to achieve good uniformity. By patterning the semiconductor and scaling the dielectric, good off-state performance and sub-5 V operation are achieved, thus providing a promising path for the realization of functional printed systems.
Exposure to human rabies and the related risk factors in Guangdong

对狂犬病认知水平低被认为是影响我国狂犬病流行的重要因素[1-4],但关于我国人群暴露现状及其流行病学特点缺乏连续、全面的科学数据.为了解广东省狂犬病暴露现状,评估狂犬病流行风险,于2005年在全省范围设置犬伤门诊,并以此作为暴露人群监测哨点,按统一的表格对就诊的被动物所伤人员进行登记、调查和报告,进行人群中狂犬病暴露哨点监测工作。
Soil and litter phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: extractants, metals, and phosphorus relaxation times

Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an excellent tool with which to study soil organic P, allowing quantitative, comparative analysis of P forms. However, for 31P NMR to be tative, all peaks must be completely visible, and in their correct relative proportions. There must be no line broadening, and adequate delay times must be used to avoid saturation of peaks. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of extractants on delay times and peak saturation. Two samples (a forest litter and a mineral soil sample) and three extractants (0.25 M NaOH, NaOH plus Chelex (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), and NaOH plus EDTA) were used to determine the differences in the concentration of P and cations solubilized by each extractant, and to measure spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times of P peaks in each extract. For both soil and litter, NaOH-Chelex extracted the lowest concentrations of P. For the litter sample, T1 values were short for all extractants due to the high Fe concentration remaining after extraction. For the soil sample, there were noticeable differences among the extractants. The NaOH-Chelex sample had less Fe and Mn remaining in solution after extraction than the other extractants, and the longest delay times used in the study, 6.4 s, were not long enough for quantitative analysis. Delay times of 1.5 to 2 s for the NaOH and NaOH-EDTA were adequate. Line broadening was highest in the NaOH extracts, which had the highest concentration of Fe. On the basis of these results, recommendations for future analyses of soil and litter samples by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy include: careful selection of an extractant; measurement of paramagnetic ions extracted with P; use of appropriate delay times and the minimum number of scans; and measurement of T1 values whenever possible.
The Totalitarian Non-Tragedy of Americano-Global Business

If anyone had any doubts about the fundamental flaws of American-style global capitalism, the hitherto unimaginable depth of the most recent global economic crisis (2009) and its ongoing fallout (and the threat of an even more fatal outcome) should dispel those doubts. Make no mistake, the eyes of the world point to the American way of life, its Weltanschauung, as the ideological epicenter of the near collapse. Among the homo sapiens cast of billions, the protagonist of the story leading to this unhappy end is not just any homo sapiens per se, but, as Regis Debray puts it, ‘homo americanus,’ the emblem of the American way of life, both a creature and a perspective which is dominant in the United States but encountered throughout our globalizing world. There is no other foreign culture that the French take more seriously than the American one; there is no identity more homo americanus than the American free-market capitalist businessman or entrepreneur. The French know something is wrong – very wrong – with the Americano-global capitalism they admittedly have guardedly adopted and have been complicit in proliferating around the world.
Leadership Styles and Collaboration Among Members of the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

The objectives of this study were to examine the degree of collaboration and leadership style related to: levels of leadership position, years of leadership among female members of the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, age of members, and types of professions within Family and Consumer Sciences. Two hundred participants were recruited through convenience sampling at an annual conference. The participants completed a printed survey. The results showed that members who were engaged in national/international positions, older than 49, and with 5–25 years of leadership experience exhibited collaborative and participatory leadership styles. The results can be utilized to understand and cultivate effective collaborators and leaders in family and consumer sciences.
Metastases to the Breast

Metastases to the breast are rare, yet correct identification of a neoplasm as a metastasis is imperative for patient treatment as well as prognosis. Non-hematopoietic, solid organ metastases to the breast account for approximately 0.2–1.2 % of all breast neoplasms. In adults, melanoma is the single most common solid organ neoplasm to involve the breast, followed by pulmonary and ovarian carcinomas. In the pediatric/adolescent population, metastases to the breast outnumber primary breast neoplasms, with rhabdomyosarcoma being the most common neoplasm to involve the breast. Metastases to the breast present a diagnostic challenge due to the overlapping morphologic features with primary breast carcinoma. Certain histologic features may suggest that a lesion is not a primary breast neoplasm, such as estrogen receptor-negativity in a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (suggestive of pulmonary or gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma), psammomatous calcifications in an adenocarcinoma with micropapillary features (suggestive of papillary serous carcinoma), and melanin pigment in a high-grade epithelioid neoplasm (suggestive of melanoma). A thorough clinical history, a clinical work-up, and a targeted immunohistochemical panel are often necessary to reach the correct diagnosis.
A Bivariate Random-Effects Copula Model for Length of Stay and Cost

Copula models and random effect models are becoming increasingly popular for modeling dependencies or correlations between random variables. Recent applications appear in such fields as economics, finance, insurance, and survival analysis. We give a brief overview of the principles of construction of copula models from the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern, Gaussian, and Archimedean families to the Frank, Clayton, and Gumbel families. We develop a flexible joint model for correlated errors modeled by copulas and incorporate a cluster level random effect to account for within-cluster correlations. In an empirical application our proposed approach attempts to capture the various dependence structures of hospital length of stay and cost (symmetric or asymmetric) in the copula function. It takes advantage of the relative ease in specifying the marginal distributions and introduction of within-cluster correlation based on the cluster level random effects.
Young Pakistani Men and Irish Identity: Religion, Race and Ethnicity in Post-Celtic Tiger Ireland:

This article contributes to the discussion on Irish identity by considering a set of empirical data from ethnographic research carried out in Pakistani communities in Dublin. The article considers views on ‘Irishness’ through the lens of young second-generation Pakistani Irish men. The data presented highlight how the Celtic Tiger experience reproduced cultural and ethnic narratives of Irish identity, but simultaneously initiated a new, more civic-oriented view of ‘Irishness’. Of particular concern in the minds of young Pakistani men include the secularisation of Irish society and the role that ‘whiteness’ plays in processes of ‘othering’ in Ireland. The article reveals that the current period of Irish history provides an opportunity for the Pakistani Irish to challenge some of the assumptions currently associated with Irish identity. Ultimately, the article calls for a broader understanding of Irish identity through the lens of civic national principles, which can better serve Ireland’s increasingly dive...
Constraining Ensemble Forecasts of Discrete Convective Initiation with Surface Observations

AbstractPredicting when and where individual convective storms will develop remains an elusive challenge. Previous studies have suggested that surface observations can capture convective-scale features relevant to the convective initiation (CI) process, and new surface observing platforms such as crowdsourcing could significantly increase surface observation density in the near future. Here, a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed to determine the required density of surface observations necessary to constrain storm-scale forecasts of CI. Ensemble simulations of an environment where CI occurs are cycled hourly using the CM1 model while assimilating synthetic surface observations at varying densities. Skillful and reliable storm-scale forecasts of CI are produced when surface observations of at least 4-km—and particularly with 1-km—density are assimilated, but only for forecasts initiated within 1 h of CI. Time scales of forecast improvement in surface variables suggest th...
Measuring Human Trust Behavior in Human-Machine Teams

This paper presents a paradigm for distilling trust behaviors in human-machine teams. The paradigm moves beyond diagnostic alarms-based automation definitions of compliance and reliance toward a view of trust behavior that includes automations where the machine has authority to act on behalf of the human-machine team in the environment. The paradigm first determines the purpose of the automation and then relies on three types of authority within the human-machine team to identify what trust behaviors will look like in specific instances. An example using the Space Navigator environment demonstrates how trust behaviors can be measured.
Effect of Wave Collision on Fragmentation, Throw, and Energy Efficiency of Mining and Comminution

The chapter presents a review of the current literature on shock and detonation wave collisions in bench blasting and discusses how the resulting fragmentation and throw can influence the energy efficiency of mining and comminution. Wave collisions are now possible in a typical bench blast using programmable delays and the accuracy of electronic detonators. The objectives of this chapter are to: (i) explain how shock and detonation waves are created during a bench blast; (ii) provide a review of current literature on shock and detonation wave collisions with relevance to fragmentation and throw; and (iii) present the results of a recent study at a full-scale mine, which investigated the effect of shock and detonation wave collisions on fragmentation and throw at a granite quarry. This review chapter demonstrates how shockwave collisions can have a negative effect on fragmentation while detonation wave collisions can have a positive effect on fragmentation and throw and, therefore, overall mine efficiency.
Anticipating cascading change in land use: Exploring the implications of a major trend in US Northern forests

Land managers, planners, and policy makers need to proactively consider the potential effects of change in order to prepare for it. But the direct consequences of social and ecological change are often not thoroughly identified and explored in policy analysis, and possible higher-order implications are rarely considered. This study used a structured group process called the Futures Wheel to uncover and analyze possible higher-order implications of an important trend in US Northern forests: lack of age-class diversity and uniform aging. Multidisciplinary teams of participants generated 384 possible second- and third-order implications of this trend and scored them for desirability and likelihood. The large set of implications identified by our participants suggests some daunting challenges. But positive consequences also emerged from the group process, indicating opportunities. Foresight tools such as the Futures Wheel can help environmental decision makers anticipate the future to avoid problems and make the most of opportunities.
Chemo-photothermal therapy combination elicits anti-tumor immunity against advanced metastatic cancer

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising cancer treatment modality, but PTT generally requires direct access to the source of light irradiation, thus precluding its utility against disseminated, metastatic tumors. Here, we demonstrate that PTT combined with chemotherapy can trigger potent anti-tumor immunity against disseminated tumors. Specifically, we have developed polydopamine-coated spiky gold nanoparticles as a new photothermal agent with extensive photothermal stability and efficiency. Strikingly, a single round of PTT combined with a sub-therapeutic dose of doxorubicin can elicit robust anti-tumor immune responses and eliminate local as well as untreated, distant tumors in >85% of animals bearing CT26 colon carcinoma. We also demonstrate their therapeutic efficacy against TC-1 submucosa-lung metastasis, a highly aggressive model for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our study sheds new light on a previously unrecognized, immunological facet of chemo-photothermal therapy and may lead to new therapeutic strategies against advanced cancer.
An unusual case of worsening cellulitis: baboon syndrome or SDRIFE.

A 64-year-old woman with a history of HIV on Complera and peripheral vascular disease presented to the hospital with chills, progressively worsening bilateral leg pain and was admitted for bilateral cellulitis. She had been discharged from the hospital 2 months prior for right lower extremity cellulitis, which was treated with ceftriaxone. She has known allergies to doxycycline, vancomycin and penicillins, although the reaction to these drugs is unclear. Physical examination was remarkable for a shallow ulcer in the left lower extremity and two ulcers in the right lower extremity with irregular margins that were tender to palpation with minimal surrounding erythema, being treated with Medihoney. Laboratory workup was only significant for hyponatraemia of 130 and leucocytosis of 14 000. She was started on ceftriaxone and clindamycin for …
Electrodiagnostic findings in postoperative C5 palsy after cervical laminectomy and fusion

Abstract Proximal upper extremity weakness is a poorly understood complication of cervical spine surgery. The cause of this complication is unknown, although most patients recover completely over weeks to months with conservative treatment. We present two cases of postoperative, transient clinical C5 palsy after laminectomy and fusion as well as pre- and postoperative electrodiagnostic (EDX) examinations which demonstrate C6 nerve root involvement. EDX studies performed after surgery revealed active denervation of the deltoid and biceps muscles on the symptomatic side. In contrast, the ipsilateral rhomboid muscles appeared unaffected. We suggest that the current models of postoperative C5 palsy pathogenesis may be inadequate to explain our findings and propose an alternative theory of watershed ischemia distal to the origin of the dorsal scapular nerve as a contributing factor to the etiology of this surgical complication. EDX studies may be used to assist with diagnosis, confirm involved root levels, estimate prognosis, to follow recovery or to offer clues into the pathophysiology of the condition.
Considerations for space vehicle thermal vacuum retest

The decision to retest a space vehicle (SV) in a system level thermal vacuum will, in most cases, incur significant impact to a program's cost and schedule, and may impact the vehicle's mission life reliability. Despite the consequences of such testing, it is sometimes necessary to re-verify the workmanship associated with removing, reworking/repairing, and replacing flight hardware following an initial vehicle thermal vacuum test. This paper evaluates the technical risks associated with conducting a vehicle thermal vacuum test by: • Assessing the decision process for an SV thermal vacuum retesting used by industry. • Determining the technical rationale used for conducting an SV thermal vacuum retest. • Identifying risks associated with retesting (and not retesting). • Measuring the test effectiveness of the SV thermal vacuum retest. The team that compiled this report developed a list of technical considerations that should be assessed during the retest decision process to address and quantify associated risks. Data collected from 350 space vehicles across 6 major aerospace contractors with thermal vacuum tests between 2000 and 2016 was compared against commercial, civil, and DOD space vehicles. The primary reasons for retesting were anomalies in the initial thermal vacuum test associated with unit workmanship and subsystem interfaces. Retests detected significantly fewer defects than the initial space vehicle thermal vacuum test with less than one failure per retest. It should be noted that the focus of this study was on space vehicles that were retested; the on-orbit success of SVs with post-thermal vacuum test rework/repair that were not retested was not explored.
Remediating Lapses in Professionalism

This chapter describes how medical educators can use measures of moral reasoning and professional identity formation to provide students with a diagnostic assessment of strengths and shortcomings in their understanding of the ethical and moral dimensions of professionalism. In addition to providing examples of programs designed to address an event for an individual or group (e.g., cheating, subpar behavior in practice), the authors highlight strategies they have found effective in therapeutic interactions with students who present particular challenges.
Involvement of iNOS and HIF-1α in the anti-cancer activity of α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) in liver tumor cells

4838 Our previous studies have shown that PBN, a prototypical nitrone, has anti-cancer activity in the development of choline deficiency (CD)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in a rat model by shifting the equilibrium from neoplasia to apoptosis and the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) formation may be involved in its anti-cancer activity. Although a variety of approaches have attempted to reveal the mechanisms of PBN inhibition of tumor development, the exact mechanism remains elusive. In present results, we explored the effect of PBN on the combined cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β)-induced apoptosis, particularly on the expression of iNOS and HIF-1α in liver tumor cell lines, Hepa 1-6 and Hepa 1C1C7. First we tested the ability of hypoxia at various oxygen concentrations as well as anoxia to induce HIF-1α expression in the cell lines and the possible effects of the combined cytokines, on the expression of iNOS and HIF-1α. The results demonstrated that there were dramatic increases in the expression of HIF-1α when the cells were exposed to anoxia and in the expression of iNOS when the cells were exposed to the combined cytokines (ITI). A significant increase in NO production measured as nitrite in the media was also observed. The most important findings were that when PBN was added in culture media, the anoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α and ITI-induced iNOS were inhibited. Additionally, a reduction of ITI-induced NO in the media was observed when the cells exposed to PBN. Furthermore, we tested the effect of PBN on induction of apoptosis measured as DNA fragmentation at G0/G1 phase. An enhanced increase in apoptosis was observed when the cells were exposed to ITI and PBN, particularly under anoxia. Thus, these preliminary results not only confirmed our previous observations in vivo, but also clearly indicated that regulation of iNOS and HIF-1α was involved in the PBN anti-cancer activity. The discovery that PBN inhibits HIF-1α activation suggests that nitrones represent a potential new class of anti-cancer therapeutics. This research is supported in part by NIH RO1CA82506 and OARS AR05.2-041.
Reproductive skipping as an optimal life history strategy in the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina .

Intermittent breeding by which organisms skip some current reproductive opportunities in order to enhance future reproductive success is a common life history trade-off among long-lived, iteroparous species. The southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina engages in intermediate breeding when body condition is low. While it is anticipated that this strategy may increase the lifetime reproductive output of this species, the conditions under which reproductive skipping are predicted to occur are not clear. Here I develop a dynamic state variable model based on published data that examines when southern elephant seals are predicted to optimally skip reproduction in order to maximize lifetime reproductive output as a function of current body mass, maternal age, and survivorship. I demonstrate that the optimal reproductive strategy for this species can include reproductive skipping, and that the conditions where this is optimal depend on patterns of mass-dependent adult female survival. I further show that intermittent breeding can increase lifetime reproductive output, and that the magnitude of this benefit increases with the ability of individual animals to replenish depleted body mass through foraging. Finally, I show that when the environment is variable and foraging is reduced in bad years, the benefit of adopting an optimal strategy that includes reproductive skipping increases asymptotically with the frequency of bad years. These results highlight the importance of characterizing the pattern of adult survival in this species, as well as the need to identify other factors that may influence the prevalence and benefits of reproductive skipping.
Mercury and selenium concentrations in Scyphozoan jellyfishes and pyrosomes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Abstract Gelatinous zooplankton including jellyfishes, pyrosomes, and salps serve as important prey items for a number of marine species; however, relatively few studies have examined contaminant concentrations in these animals. Scyphozoans (Aurelia sp., Chrysaora colorata, C. fuscescens, and Phacellophora camtschatica) and Thaliaceans (Pyrosoma sp.) were collected from 2009 to 2011 from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and analyzed for total mercury and selenium concentrations. In general, mercury (0.0001–0.0016 μg/g wet weight) and selenium (0.009–0.304 μg/g wet weight) concentrations of the sampled organisms were low; however, the two Pyrosoma sp. had total mercury and selenium concentrations that were one order of magnitude higher than the Scyphozoans. There was a significant positive relationship between mercury and selenium concentrations in jellyfishes and pyrosomes, suggesting a potential detoxification mechanism in these lower trophic level organisms. This study provides evidence that trophic transfer of mercury and selenium likely occurs through ingestion of gelatinous prey.
Governing with ambivalence: The tentative origins of socio-technical integration

Abstract Requirements to integrate societal considerations into research and development practices began appearing throughout the democratic industrialized world in the early 2000s and eventually became a central feature of responsible innovation. Examining one of the earliest and most prominent policy examples, this paper investigates the conceptual basis of the U.S. nanotechnology program’s mandate for socio-technical integration. It argues that policy makers adopted this innovative response to addressing the societal issues of an emerging technology due to their heightened awareness of potential interactions among public attitudes, research directions, and technological trajectories. Integration thus emerged as a governance mechanism for mediating the interaction between these dynamic sources of uncertainty. The mandate emerged in a self-consciously experimental and anticipatory manner and thus provides a practical instance of tentative governance.
Kazakhstani public opinion of the United States and Russia: testing variables of (un)favourability

Though Central Asia is often studied through the prism of its relationships with external powers, research on local public perceptions of these different actors has largely been overlooked. The lit...
Landmarks in Facial Rejuvenation Surgery: The Top 50 Most Cited Articles.

BACKGROUND Facial rejuvenation procedures are common in plastic surgery. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to report the 50 most cited articles in the field of aesthetic facial rejuvenation surgery and provide a simple educational resource for plastic surgeons. METHODS The authors utilized the Web of Science Citation Index to identify the 50 most cited articles related to surgery for facial rejuvenation published from 1950 to 2019. Articles were classified according to their level of evidence, type of study, country of publication, and topic of interest: facelift, blepharoplasty, brow lift, neck lift, or combined areas. RESULTS The mean number of citations per article was 137, and the majority of articles (n = 19) were published between 1990 and 1999. The most prevalent topic was facelift surgery (n = 24), followed by articles discussing combined procedures (n = 13), blepharoplasty (n = 6), brow lift (n = 4), and neck lift (n = 3). Most of the articles were classified as clinical (n = 26), followed by basic science studies (n = 12) and review articles (n = 12). Among the articles amenable to grading level of evidence (n = 26), most (n = 24) presented their findings utilizing level IV evidence. The nation of origin for most of the articles (n = 41) was the United States. CONCLUSIONS Articles addressing facelift surgery represented the largest proportion of peer-reviewed landmark publications in aesthetic facial surgery research. A simple educational resource is presented to encourage the appreciation of the research in this field.
Cooperation and Codenames: Understanding Natural Language Processing via Codenames

Codenames – a board game by Vlaada Chvatil – is a game that requires deep, multi-modal language understanding. One player, the codemaster, gives a clue to another set of players, the guessers, and the guessers must determine which of 25 possible words on the board correspond to the clue. The nature of the game requires understanding language in a multi-modal manner – e.g., the clue ‘cold’ could refer to temperature or disease. The recently proposed Codenames AI Competition seeks to advance natural language processing, by using Codenames as a testbed for multi-modal language understanding. In this work, we evaluate a number of different natural language processing techniques (ranging from neural approaches to classical knowledge-base methods) in the context of the Codenames AI framework, attempting to determine how different approaches perform. The agents are evaluated when working with identical agents, as well as evaluated with all other approaches – i.e., when they have no knowledge about their partner.
Los descuidos cervantinos del Quijote : entre la ecdótica y la imitatio paródica de los clásicos

Critics have long been concerned with Cervantes’ careless mistakes and have explained them in various ways. Some scholars think that they are simply errors, due to the speed with which Cervantes supposedly wrote his works. Others claim that they are premeditated errors with different motivations (parody of chivalric books, artistic intention, etc.). Finally, some scholars have argued that they are the product of the different rewrites of the work, or of the vicissitudes of printing at the time of the manual printing. This study studies some of the descuidos cervantinos of Don Quixote from a different perspective. It proposes to read several of these inconsistencies in the artistic context of the Golden Age imitatio of classical authors, in particular of Homer, author whose works were criticized from Antiquity to the Renaissance for containing numerous errors. In this sense, it is suggested that several of Cervantes’ careless mistakes in the novel could be attributed to a desire on the part of Cervantes to emulate Homer, the great literary reference in the genre of western epic literature, in order to endow with authority and legitimacy Don Quixote, always from a parodic perspective.
Learning by evaluating (LbE) through adaptive comparative judgment

Traditional efforts around improving assessment often center on the teacher as the evaluator of work rather than the students. These assessment efforts typically focus on measuring learning rather than stimulating, promoting, or producing learning in students. This paper summarizes a study of a large sample of undergraduate students (n = 550) in an entry-level design-thinking course who engaged with Adaptive Comparative Judgment (ACJ), a form of assessment, as a learning mechanism. Following random assignment into control and treatment sections, students engaged in identical activities with the exception of a 20-minute intervention we call learning by evaluating (LbE). Prior to engaging in a Point Of View (POV) creation activity, treatment group students engaged in LbE by viewing pairs of previously-collected POV statements through ACJ; in each case they viewed two POV statements side-by-side and selected the POV statement they believed was better. Following this experience, students created their own POV statements and then the final POV statements, from both the control and treatment students, were collected and evaluated by instructors using ACJ. In addition, qualitative data consisting of student comments, collected during ACJ comparisons, were coded by the researchers to further explore the potential for the students to use class knowledge while engaging in the LbE review of peer work. Both the quantitative and qualitative data sets were analyzed to investigate the impact of the LbE activity. Consistent with other ACJ research findings, significant positive learning gains were found for students who engaged in the intervention. Researchers also noted that these findings did not indicate the actual quality of the assignments, meaning the while students who engaged in the LbE intervention were better than their peers, they were not necessarily “good” at the assignment themselves. Discussion of these findings and areas for further inquiry are presented.
Whither News Shocks

Does news about future productivity cause business-cycle fluctuations? What other effects might it have? We explore the answer to this question using semi-structural VARs, where “news” is defined as the innovation in the expectation of TFP at a fixed horizon in the future. We find that systems incorporating a number of forward-looking variables, including stock prices, consumption, consumer confidence and inflation, robustly predict three outcomes. First, following a news shock, TFP rises for several years. Second, inflation falls immediately and substantially, and stays low, often for 10 quarters or more. Third, there is a sharp increase in a forward-looking measure of consumer confidence. Consumption typically rises following good news, but investment, consumer durables purchases and hours worked typically fall on impact. All the quantity variables subsequently rise, as does TFP. Depending on the specification of the reduced form VAR, the activity variables may lead TFP to some extent – possibly lending some support to the hypothesis of news-driven business cycles – or they may move in lockstep with productivity. For the most part, the quantity and inflation responses are quite consistent with the predictions of a standard New Keynesian model augmented with real wage inertia.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Online Vs Face-to-face Web-development Course: Course Strategies, Learning, and Engagement

To address the increasing enrollment in Computer Science (CS), face-to-face (F2F) courses are often redesigned to online courses. For the success of a large-enrollment online CS class, it is important to design it with effective strategies that can enhance student learning and engagement. With this aim, we developed an online, third year web-development course, and redesigned its existing F2F version. This study focuses on examining the course strategies utilized in the two versions of of the course, and how students' learning and engagement vary between these two offerings. In Fall 2019, we conducted experimental research with pre- and post-tests to collect data from these two sections. The participants of the study include 51 out of 103 online students, and 38 out of 72 F2F students. We identified course strategies that were more valuable to one group versus the other, and both the sections. In terms of student learning, we found that there was no significant difference between these sections. Behavioral engagement measures depicted how the online and F2F students engaged within their courses, and how it is related to students' learning. We also found how the level of engagement varied in the online course according to the engagement factors that include performance, emotions, skills, and participation. The results of this study will inform online, F2F, and hybrid course design of upper-level CS courses.
Effect of Losartan on Symptomatic Outpatients with COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters cells via the ACE2 receptor, disrupting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, potentially contributing to lung injury. Treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs) may mitigate these effects, though induction of ACE2 expression could increase viral entry, replication, and worsen disease. Methods: This study represents a placebo-controlled blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of losartan on outpatients with COVID-19 across three hospital systems in Minnesota, U.S. Participants included symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19 not already taking ACE-inhibitors or ARBs, enrolled within 7 days of symptom onset. Patients were randomized to losartan versus placebo for 10 days. The primary outcome was all-cause hospitalization within 15 days. Secondary outcomes included functional status, dyspnea, temperature, and viral load. Findings: From April-November 2020, 117 participants were randomized 58 to losartan and 59 to placebo. The primary outcome did not differ significantly between the two arms based on Barnard’s test [losartan arm: 3 events (5.2%; 95% CI 1.8-14.1%) versus placebo arm: 1 event (1.7% 95% CI 0.01-9.0%); proportion difference -3.5% (95% CI -12.7-4.5%); p=0.32]. Functional status, self-reported dyspnea, maximum daily temperatures, and viral load were not significantly different between treatment groups. Due to a lower than expected hospitalization rate and low likelihood of a clinically important treatment effect, the trial was terminated early. Interpretation: In this multicenter blinded RCT for outpatients with mild symptomatic COVID-19 disease, losartan did not significantly reduce hospitalizations, affect functional status or assessment of dyspnea. Viral load was not significantly affected by treatment. This study does not support initiation of losartan for low-risk outpatients. Trial Registration: The trial was conducted under the authority of the Food and Drug Administration (IND 148365), was registered on clinicaltrials.gov prior to study initialization (NCT04311177). Funding Statement: This study was supported by Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics (CON000000076883) Declaration of Interests: The authors have no financial conflicts of interest to disclose. MAP, MHN, TWS, and CJT have received additional funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to conduct a clinical trial of losartan in inpatients with COVID-19. Ethics Approval Statement: The protocol was approved by a central institutional review board and underwent local context review. The study was conducted following good clinical practice guidelines under the oversight of an independent data safety monitoring board (DSMB).
Post-traumatic Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis as a result of ocular trauma, termed post-traumatic endophthalmitis, comprises one-fifth to one-third of all cases of endophthalmitis. Diagnosis of post-traumatic endophthalmitis can be difficult since early signs may mimic open-globe injury and its repair. The most common causes of post-traumatic endophthalmitis are coagulase-negative staphylococci and Bacillus in adults and Streptococcus in children. Risk factors for development of endophthalmitis include delayed globe closure, trauma in a rural setting, wound contamination, presence of an intraocular foreign body, and lens capsule disruption. Antibiotic prophylaxis after open-globe injury involves systemic therapy, with effective regimens including quinolones alone or vancomycin plus ceftazidime. If endophthalmitis is diagnosed clinically or if multiple risk factors are present, samples of aqueous and/or vitreous fluid should be urgently obtained and empirical treatment initiated with injection of intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime in nonallergic patients, often plus systemic antibiotics. Injury in a rural setting or contamination with vegetable matter should prompt consideration of antifungal therapy as well. Treatment can then be tailored based on culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and sensitivities. Surgical management generally involves intravitreal antibiotics with or without vitrectomy. Delayed treatment and the presence of retinal detachment have been associated with a poorer visual outcome. Blind eyes with fulminant infection may need enucleation; risks and benefits of implant placement must be assessed on an individual basis. Eyes with endophthalmitis generally have an extremely guarded visual prognosis. Diligent aggressive medical and surgical management is needed to attain maximal possible visual outcome.
Multistep anodization of 7075 – T6 aluminum alloy

Abstract This study successfully demonstrated the overall advantages of multistep anodization of heat-treated wrought aluminum alloy AA7075-T6 that is a widely used in aerospace, automotive and fracture-critical applications. The coating properties and morphology are studied in detail for four anodization regimes: a conventional R1 with a constant electric current and R2, R3, R4 with raising the current in two, four and eight steps, respectively. Whereas processes R1 and R2 form coatings with the atomic Al/O ratio of 0.53 that is smaller than 0.67 for oxide Al2O3, R3 and R4 create coatings with the Al/O ratio of 0.83. Due to a higher level of infused oxygen, coatings built in R1 and R2 have burns and powdery appearance, while coatings formed in processes R3 and R4 form exhibit smooth solid-like surfaces. Compared to R1 and R2, R3 and R4 increase the overall growth rate of oxides by 23.4% and 25.6%, respectively, reduce the pore size by 94% and 45% respectively and decrease by 8.4% the amount of a transferred electric charge per one micrometer of the layer thickness. Process R4 creates coatings that are 74.0% more resistant to abrasion, 14.6% harder and 25.4% thicker than coatings formed in R1. As no specialized equipment is required, presented regimes of multistep anodization are well suited for large-scale manufacturing.
NL2Vul: Natural Language to Standard Vulnerability Score for Cloud Security Posture Management

Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) tools have been gaining popularity to automate, monitor and visualize the security posture of multi-cloud environments. The foundation to assess the risk lies on being able to analyze each vulnerability and quantify its risk. However, the number of vulnerabilities in National Vulnerability Database (NVD) has skyrocketed in recent years and surpassed 144K as of late 2020. The current standard vulnerability tracking system relies mostly on human-driven efforts. Besides, open-source libraries do not necessarily follow the standards of vulnerability reporting set by CVE and NIST, but rather use Github issues for reporting. In this paper, we propose a framework, NL2Vul, to measure score of vulnerabilities with minimal human efforts. NL2Vul makes use of deep neural networks to train on descriptions of software vulnerabilities from NVD and predicts vulnerability scores. To flexibly expand the trained NVD model for different data sources that are being used to evaluate the risk posture in CSPM, NL2Vul uses transfer learning for quick re-training. We have evaluated NL2Vul with vanilla NVD, public Github issues of open source projects, and compliance technology specification documents.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ASPECTS OF BLOWING DUST IN THE MOJAVE AND COLORADO DESERTS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, 1973–1994

Although dust storms rarely occur in southern California's deserts, blowing dust often reduces visibility, and large spatial and temporal variability in the frequency of blowing dust occurs throughout the region. On average only 1.3 dust storms occur in the study area each year. The annual average number of dust events (visibility <11 km) is 18.0, with the Coachella Valley being dustiest region, averaging 37.8 dust events each year. Mean annual frequencies of dust events for 1973–1994 are mapped, showing a core of activity centered over the Imperial/Coachella Valley region, with fewer dust events around the periphery of the study area. Most stations show a coherent temporal pattern of dust frequency during the period 1973–1994, with the mid-1970s experiencing the most dust. Blowing dust generally was absent from all stations during 1979–1983, 1987–1989, and 1992–1994. The mid-1980s were moderately dusty and 1990–1991 saw a return to very dusty conditions, possibly resulting from below-normal precipitation...
The AMPTE program's contribution to studies of the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction

The Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) program provided important information on the behavior of clouds of plasma artificially injected into the solar wind and the earth's magnetosphere. Now that the releases are over, data from the satellites are being analyzed to investigate the processes by which the ambient solar wind mass, momentum, and energy are transferred to the magnetosphere. Work in progress at APL indicates that the solar wind is much more inhomogeneous than previously believed, that the solar wind constantly buffets the magnetosphere, and that ground observers may remotely sense these interactions as geomagnetic pulsations.