cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Academic Motivation of Rural High School Students.

The authors investigated predictive relationships among student characteristics that influence motivation for learning and achievement. Participants were students (N = 900) from all 4 grade levels in 18 rural public high schools in the south-western United States. The authors used AMOS 4.0 (J. L. Arbuckle & W. Wothke, 1996) to test a hypothesized path model in development and validation subsamples. Variables included perceptions of classroom climate, perceived ability, perceived instrumentality of instruction, and achievement goals as predictors of engagement and effort in school. The model fit the data reasonably well, with relatively minor variations in the strength of the paths between subsamples. The authors discuss implications for research and classroom practice.
Demographic monitoring of endemic sand dune plants, Eureka Valley, California

Abstract A two-year study of the perennial endemics Swallenia alexandrae, Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis and Astragalus lentiginosus var. micans was conducted at Eureka Dunes, Inyo County, California. Based on analyses of survivorship it was concluded that the populations are at least stable (even short-lived Oenothera cohorts survive long enough to reproduce) or growing (the number of established Swallenia and Astragalus plants doubled during the study). The high mortality and short life span of Oenothera and Astragalus populations were offset by copious seed production, long-lived seeds, low to moderate seed predation, and frequent establishment. The low and variable seed production, high seed predation, and infrequent establishment of Swallenia populations were counterbalanced by a low mortality of recruits and established plants, a long reproductive life, and long-lived seeds. It is concluded that the factors endangering these endemic populations are mostly extrinsic to the plant population (e.g. human disturbance, pollinator availability, climatic fluctuation) and that no additional manipulations of the populations are necessary.
Mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. Pathologic prognostic factors

Thirty-four ovarian mucinous carcinomas defined by nuclear stratification in excess of three layers (noninvasive mucinous carcinoma, NIMC) or stromal invasion (invasive mucinous carcinoma, IMC) were examined to define prognostic indicators. Twenty-two patients had NIMC (Stage I, 15; Stage II, 1; Stage III, 5; and Stage IV, 1). Twelve patients had IMC (Stage I, one; Stage II, one; and Stage III, ten). Fifteen patients died, ten with IMC and five with NIMC (mean survival, 16.7 months). Nineteen patients survived, two with IMC and 17 with NIMC (mean follow-up, 12 years). Ten of the 12 patients with IMC who died had Stage III disease. Five of the 22 patients with NIMC who died included four with Stage III and one with Stage I disease. Among patients who died, those with IMC tended to have a shorter mean survival than those with NIMC. No differences among groups were identified with respect to nuclear grade, mitotic activity, percentage of tumor displaying more than three cell layers, or amount of invasion. In ovarian mucinous carcinoma, clinical stage and stromal invasion are the most important prognostic variables, and they are interrelated. Stage I NIMC rarely pursues an aggressive course.
Energy budget of the predatory marine gastropod Polinices duplicatus

Based on direct monitoring of feeding and growth under field conditions and frequent measurements of respiration and energy content in the laboratory, annual energy budgets were derived for Polinices duplicatus feeding on Mya arenaria at Barnstable Harbor, Massachusetts. The gross growth efficiency (Pg/C) of P. duplicatus was high (35%) and varied inversely with snail size. The proportion of ingested energy expended on respiration (R/C) was modest (44%) and varied directly with snail size and inversely with temperature. The energetic efficiencies of P. duplicatus agreed with the few results available for othe predatory molluscs and differed from most results available for herbivorous and detritivorous molluscs.
Potential of mine land reclamation for soil organic carbon sequestration in Ohio.

Soils are an effective sink for carbon storage and immobilization through biomass productivity and enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The SOC sink capacity depends on land use and management. Degraded lands lose large amounts of C through SOC decomposition, erosion, and leaching. Thus, restoration of disturbed and degraded mine lands can lead to increase in biomass productivity, improved soil quality and SOC enhancement and sequestration. Reclamation of mined lands is an aggrading process and offers significant potential to sequester C. A chronosequence study consisting of 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20- and 25-year-old reclaimed mine soils in Ohio was initiated to assess the rate of C sequestration by pasture and forest establishment. Undisturbed pasture and forest were used as controls. The SOC pool of reclaimed pasture sites increased from 15·3 Mg ha−1 to 44·4 Mg ha−1 for 0–15 cm depth and from 10·8 Mg ha−1 to 18·3 Mg ha−1 for 15–30 cm depth over the period of 25 years. The SOC pool of reclaimed forest sites increased from 12·7 Mg ha−1 to 45·3 Mg ha−1 for 0–15 cm depth and from 9·1 Mg ha−1 to 13·6 Mg ha−1 for 15–30 cm depth over the same time period. The SOC pool of the pasture site stabilized earlier than that of the forest site which had not yet attained equilibrium. The SOC sequestered in 0–30 cm depth over 25 years was 36·7 Mg ha−1 for pasture and 37·1 Mg ha−1 for forest. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time fo flight detectors for heavy ions

Abstract The current status of time-of-flight detectors for heavy ions is reviewed. The general principles of design and operation are discussed together with limits to the mass resolution obtainable. Various types of devices currently in use for generating timing signals are descirbed.
Constrained hierarchical least square nonlinear equation solvers

The current paper develops a constrained hierarchical least square nonlinear equation solver. The procedure can handle the response behavior of systems which possess indefinite tangent stiffness characteristics. Due to the generality of the scheme, this can be achieved at various hierarchical application levels. For instance, in the case of finite element simulations, various combinations of either degree of freedom, nodal, elemental, substructural, and global level iterations are possible. Overall, this enables a solution methodology which is highly stable and storage efficient. To demonstrate the capability of the constrained hierarchical least square methodology, benchmarking examples are presented which treat structure exhibiting highly nonlinear pre- and postbuckling behavior wherein several indefinite stiffness transitions occur.
(Na+,K+)-ATPase of mammalian brain: Effects of temperature on cation and ATP interactions regulating phosphatase activity

Abstract The effects of temperature on interactions between univalent cations or ATP and the p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity associated with brain (Na+,K+)-ATPase were examined. The apparent affinity for K+ activation under conditions favoring the moderate affinity site was temperature dependent, increasing with decreasing temperature. A comparison of univalent cations showed that the negative apparent ΔH and ΔS for cation binding increased with increasing apparent cation affinity. In contrast to the case with the moderate affinity sites, apparent affinity for the high affinity K+ site was independent of temperature. As temperature decreased, properties of moderate affinity site binding approached those of the high affinity site. The temperature dependence of ATP inhibition was opposite to that for K+ activation, with positive apparent ΔH and ΔS. The apparent ΔH and ΔS for cation binding approached those for the overall conformational change to K+-sensitive enzyme as cation affinity increased. These data suggest that E2, the K+-sensitive form of (Na+,K+)-ATPase, is stabilized by forces that require a decrease in entropy, explaining the predominant existence of E1 at physiologic temperatures. A conformational change leading to stabilization of E2 at higher temperatures can be produced by binding of univalent cations to a moderate affinity, presumably intracellular, site. This effect is counteracted by ATP. ATP also appears to alter the selectivity of this site to favor Na+ over K+ binding.
Molecular assemblies at liquid interfaces probed by optical second-harmonic generation

Surface second harmonic generation (SHG) has recently emerged as a promising new technique capable of probing the molecular organization at liquid interfaces. It provides information on the number of molecules adsorbed, the orientation and local environment of specific residues, and confers the ability to assess the symmetry of the intermolecular arrangement. Previously, SHG had been applied in the study of simple model systems where the major signal contributions originated from dye chromophores. Here we show SHG to be sensitive to submonolayer densities of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine adsorbed to the air/water interface, with the strongest resonant enhancement at the second harmonic wavelength of 266 nm being found for tryptophan. This observation opens the door for probing the ordering of peptides at liquid interfaces by exploiting the nonlinear optical properties of the tryptophan residues.
emo-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans Sec61p gamma homologue, is required for oocyte development and ovulation.

emo-1(oz1) is a member of a class of hermaphrodite sterile mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans that produce endomitotic oocytes in the gonad arm. Oocytes in emo-1(oz1) mutants exhibit multiple defects during oogenesis. After meiotic maturation, ovulation fails, trapping oocytes in the gonad arm where they become endomitotic. emo-1 encodes a homologue of the Sec61p gamma subunit, a protein necessary for translocation of secretory and transmembrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast and mammalian cells. A putative emo-1 null mutation, oz151, displays embryonic lethality. The oz1 sterile mutation is a transposable element insertion into the emo-1 3' untranslated region that almost completely eliminates germline mRNA accumulation. Genetic mosaic analysis using the oz1 allele indicates that emo-1(+) expression in germ cells is required for fertility. The J67 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes an oocyte surface antigen (Strome, S. 1986. In Gametogenesis and the Early Embryo. J.G. Gall, editor. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York. 77-95.), does not stain oz1 oocytes, a finding consistent with defective protein transport in the mutant. We propose that the emo-1 gene product acts in the transport of secreted and transmembrane proteins in C. elegans oocytes, and is necessary for both oogenesis and the coupling of ovulation with meiotic maturation.
Nitrite- and Chloride-Selective Fluorescent Nano-Optodes and in Vitro Application to Rat Conceptuses

Nitrite- and chloride-selective, ion correlation-based, nano-optodes have been prepared for application in vitro. These fluorescent, liquid polymer based sensors have theoretically predictable responses to anion activities and good selectivity. The nitrite sensor, prepared with a vitamin B12 derivative ionophore, would be useful for determination of oxidized nitric oxide. Chloride nano-optodes, as well as micro-optodes, prepared with an indium porphyrin ionophore, were utilized to determine chloride levels both on the surface and inside the visceral yolk sac of organogenesis-stage rat conceptuses.
Polymerization of adsorbed monolayers. II. Thermal degradation of the inserted polymer

Monomolecular layers of methyl methacrylate inserted between the lamellae of montmorillonite clay were polymerized. Finely divided complexes of poly(methyl methacrylate)–montmorillonite were suspended in boiling hydrocarbons and subjected to thermal degradation at 215°C. and above, under air and nitrogen, with constant vigorous stirring. Aliquots were regularly withdrawn, centrifuged, and extracted with appropriate solvents. The weight losses upon calcination at 1000°C. were determined, and from them the rates of reversal to monomer were followed. Complexes containing inserted and external polymer were studied. The inserted polymer was found to resist thermal degradation under conditions at which complete degradation of the external polymer was found. This effect seems to be due to steric factors hindering the thermal motion of the segments of the polymer sandwiched between the lamellae of the crystallites. The insertion polymer isolated from the polymer–clay complex, had a greater thermal stability than poly(methyl methacrylate) made in a conventional free radical system without the presence of clay.
A proton wire to couple aminoacyl-tRNA accommodation and peptide-bond formation on the ribosome.

During peptide-bond formation on the ribosome, the α-amine of an aminoacyl-tRNA attacks the ester carbonyl carbon of a peptidyl-tRNA to yield a peptide lengthened by one amino acid. Although the ribosome's contribution to catalysis is predominantly entropic, the lack of high-resolution structural data for the complete active site in complex with full-length ligands has made it difficult to assess how the ribosome might influence the pathway of the reaction. Here, we present crystal structures of preattack and postcatalysis complexes of the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome at ~2.6-A resolution. These structures reveal a network of hydrogen bonds along which proton transfer could take place to ensure the concerted, rate-limiting formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. We propose that, unlike earlier models, the ribosome and the A-site tRNA facilitate the deprotonation of the nucleophile through the activation of a water molecule.
Intergenerational Relationships and Union Stability in Fragile Families

Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,656), we examined the association between intergenerational relationships and parents' union stability 5 years after a baby's birth. Results showed that more amiable relationships between parents and each partner's parents, and children's spending more time with paternal grandparents, increased the odds that parents coresided by the time their child was age 5. The more time that children spent with maternal grandparents reduced union stability, although this result was not robust to methods that better address selection. These findings underscore the importance of the broader social contexts affecting couple stability and suggest that even amid demographic changes, intergenerational family ties are important for couples and, by extension, their children.
Terminal repetition in non-permuted T3 and T7 bacteriophage DNA molecules.

Evidence in the preceding paper indicates that the DNA molecules from bacteriophage T2 contain terminally repetitious nucleotide sequences. In the first part of this paper, we describe similar, but more extensive, experiments performed on T3 and T7 DNA molecules. Partial degradation of either phage DNA molecule by exonuclease III allows efficient conversion of the linear molecules into circular ones. Fragments of these molecules, which are not expected to be terminally repetitious, can be partially degraded under identical conditions, but they do not anneal to form circles. These facts indicate that T3 and T7, like T2 DNA, have terminally repetitious sequences. The second part of the paper deals with the non-permuted character of T3 and T7 DNA molecules. The complementary strands of each species of molecule were completely separated with alkali and then annealed. In both cases, this treatment produced predominantly linear duplex molecules of a length equal to that of the undenatured molecules. From this we conclude that the collection of molecules is non-permuted (i.e., they are a unique collection of sequences). When this experiment is taken together with earlier equivalent experiments on T2 DNA molecules, which are readily cyclized by this treatment, it appears that alkali denaturation and annealing is a rigorous test for the presence of multiple permutations. In sum, T3 and T7 DNA molecules are terminally repetitious but non-permuted; T2 DNA is terminally repetitious and permuted.
Structure of the yeast SR protein Npl3 and Interaction with mRNA 3'-end processing signals.

Abstract Yeast Npl3 is homologous to SR proteins in higher eukaryotes, a family of RNA-binding proteins that have multiple essential roles in RNA metabolism. This protein competes with 3′-end processing factors for binding to the nascent RNA, protecting the transcript from premature termination and coordinating transcription termination and the packaging of the fully processed transcript for export. The NMR structure of its RNA-binding domain shows two unusually compact RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and identifies the RNA recognition surface in Npl3. Biochemical and NMR studies identify a class of G+U-rich RNA sequences with high specificity for this protein. The protein binds to RNA and forms a single globular structure, but the two RRMs of Npl3 are not equivalent, with the second domain forming much stronger interactions with G+U-rich RNA sequences that occur independently of the interaction of the first RRM. The specific binding to G+U-rich RNAs observed for the two RRMs of Npl3 is masked in the full-length protein by a much stronger but non-sequence-specific RNA-binding activity residing outside of its RRMs. The preference of Npl3 for G+U-rich sequences supports the model for its function in regulating recognition of 3′-end processing sites through competition with the Rna15 (yeast analog of human CstF-64 protein) subunit of the processing complex.
Mixed Mode I, II and III analysis of multiple cracks in plane anisotropic solids by the BEM: a dislocation and point force approach

Abstract A direct boundary element method (BEM) for plane anisotropic elasticity is formulated for the generalized plane strain. It deals with the general case when the in-plane and out-of-plane deformations are coupled, including the special case when they are decoupled. The formulation is based on the distributions of point forces and dislocation dipoles following the physical interpretation of Somigliana's identity. We adopt Lekhnitskii-Eshelby-Stroh formalism for anisotropic elasticity and represent the point force and the dislocation, their dipoles, and continuous distributions systematically; the duality relations between the point force and the dislocation solutions are fully exploited. The analytical formulas for the displacement and the traction BEM are applied to the mixed mode crack analysis for multiply cracked anisotropic bodies. We extend the physical interpretation of Somigliana's identity to cracked bodies and represent the crack by the continuous distribution of dislocation dipoles. The mixed mode stress intensity factors ( K I , K II and K III ) are determined accurately with the help of the conservation integrals of anisotropic elasticity.
The push to make software engineering respectable

A recognized engineering profession must have an established body of knowledge and skill that its practitioners understand and use consistently. After 30 years, there is still a wide gap between the best and the typical software engineering practices. To close this gap, we need a deeper partnership among industry, academia, and professional societies. We have spent some time considering the reasons for SE's immaturity. All of us are heavily involved in both industry and academia and have been active in professional societies that aim to promote SE as a profession. Promotion efforts are by no means limited to the US, but because our experience is primarily with US activities, that is our focus in this article. Our main goal is to explore, from a multifaceted perspective, why we are where we are now and how we can move forward.
Management of breast feeding

The young mother will succeed at breast feeding when she has the confidence whichcomes from understanding what is taking place between herself and her baby. The problems which arise for the initiate, mother or pediatrician, are outlined. These problems are solved when the instinctual responses and the normal patterns of behavior of mothers and babies are recognized by the physician and are made the basis for advising the mother. Such knowledge, once passed from mother to daughter, is being forgotten. The present-day pediatrician, in order to instruct his patient in the art of breast feeding, must be able to provide information once supplied by grandmothers.
The temperature variation of electronic mobility in rutile (TiO2) and α-Nb2O5 at elevated temperatures

Abstract It is pointed out that thermogravimetric and electrical conductivity data in combination afford a method of determining mobility at elevated temperatures in low mobility semiconductors. The temperature variation of the electronic mobility calculated using this method is presented for rutile in the range 860–1050°C and for α-Nb2O5 in the range 900–1400°C. The mobility for both substances is low,∼5 × 10-5 cm2/V-sec at 1200°K for rutile and ∼7 × 10-2 cm2/V-sec for α-Nb2O5 at the same temperature; further, the mobility increases with an increase in temperature for both materials. An analysis of these results in terms of self-trapping of the charge carrier (giving rise to a diffusion mode of motion) is also presented.
General thermal analysis of serpentine-flow flat-plate solar collector absorbers

Abstract A thermal analysis is performed on an absorber which has general applicability to the serpentine-flow configuration. The heat conduction equation is rendered in nondimensional form for a typical panel-segment of the absorber, and shape factors are introduced for general application to various detailed flow-duct geometries. An analytical solution is obtained for the typical panel in terms of an Effectiveness—NTU relationship for that panel; the series combination of these relationships yields the overall E-NTU relationship for the entire absorber plate, for any number of “panels,” or serpentine-flow reversals. The results of the present analysis indicate the expected, axially varying, asymmetry of the temperature profile between the flow passes. Performance results are stated in terms of a serpentine relative performance factor, which permits direct comparison to the parallel configuration. The results indicate superior thermal performance of the serpentine-flow absorber, relative to the parallel-flow absorber, for the same number of transfer units.
Determining the Nature of Instability in Nonconservative Problems

Conclusions Wind-tunnel Magnus data obtained to date on canted fin configurations may be invalid in that a severe normal force interaction may be present. Although it may be possible in some cases to correct for this interaction, it is in general best to remove the interaction by subtracting the zero spin data at each angle of attack. This requires a system in which the model can be kept at zero spin during an angle of attack sweep of the configuration.
The validity, bases, and process of clinical judgment, using a limited amount of projective test data

(1957). The Validity, Bases, and Process of Clinical Judgment, Using a Limited Amount of Projective Test Data. Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 286-293.
Placental Anomalies in Children with Infantile Hemangioma

Evaluation of the placenta provides some important insights into pathophysiologic changes that take place during the prenatal and intrapartum process. We investigated the pathogenic significance of placental features and their relationship to the development of infantile hemangioma in order to obtain a better understanding of its cause. Placental specimens were reviewed from 26 singleton pregnancies of women whose offspring weighed less than 1500 g. A group of 13 neonates who developed infantile hemangioma in the immediate neonate period were compared with 13 healthy preterm infants of comparable postconception age who had no infantile hemangioma. Pathologic placental changes were analyzed in both groups. Gross lesions with disturbance of the utero-placental circulation were found in all placentas from children who developed infantile hemangioma, including massive retroplacental hematoma in two infants, extensive ischemic infarction in seven, and large dilatated vascular communications, severe vasculitis, chorioamnionitis and funiculitis in four. Placental features included percentages greater than 25% of avascular villi, platelet and fibrin aggregates, and multifocal disease involving more than one histologic section. Examination of 13 placentas of low-birth-weight infants without infantile hemangioma only showed abnormal placentation in one and isolated villous dismaturity in two. The higher ratio of placental pathologic findings in patients with infantile hemangioma suggests that reduced placental oxygen diffusive conductance contributes to fetal hypoxic stress and that hypoxic/ischemic changes in the placenta could be related to infantile hemangioma development via vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor expression, among others, within the villious vessels and throphoblasts.
Using the Internet to Facilitate Outshopping by Rural Residents: Survey and Implications

Outshopping is the behavior of consumers who make retail purchases outside of the community in which they live. Outshopping is most prevalent in rural communities and represents a serious threat to rural retailers. This paper investigates the impact of the Internet on outshopping by rural residents and examines behavior, attitudes, and future intentions. The study results indicate that rural consumers are using the Internet to facilitate outshopping and intend to significantly increase this behavior. These future intentions appear to be driven by high levels of satisfaction with the online buying experience. Implications for rural retailers are discussed.
Torsades de pointes immediately following right coronary arteriography

Selective coronary angiography with ionic contrast agents produces delayed myocardial repolarization with prolongation of the QTc interval on EKG. Torsade de Pointes, an unusual polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, has been causally linked to delayed myocardial repolarization. We present a case of Torsade de Pointes resulting from selective right coronary arteriography.
A Review of: “Modern Physical Organic Chemistry, by Eric V. Anslyn and Dennis A.”

Eric Anslyn and Dennis Dougherty are congratulated for writing a book that will rapidly become the standard for advanced courses in topics such as physical organic chemistry, reaction mechanisms, a...
The K-opioid receptor agonist Spiradoline differentially alters the rotational response to dopamine D1 and D2 agonists

Abstract The effect of the selective K -opioid agonist, spiradoline, on rotational behavior induced by a dopamine d 1 or D 2 agonist was examined in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Spiradoline reduced the rotational response to the d 1 agonist SKF 38393 in a dose-dependent manner. Spiradoline had no effect on the total number of turns elicited by the D 2 agonist quinpirole, but did alter the pattern of quinpirole-induced rotation at the highest dose tested. By itself, Spiradoline did not have any obvious effects on motor behavior and did not cause rotation in either the ipsilateral or contralateral direction. These data suggest that K receptor stimulation, possibly mediated by the endogenous agonist dynorphin under physiological conditions, may function to dampen striatal output through the D 1 receptor-regulated striatonigral pathway.
The Need for Speed: Eye-Position Signal Dynamics in the Parietal Cortex

Accurate eye-position signals are critically important for localizing targets in space when the eyes move. In this issue of Neuron, Xu et al. (2012) provide evidence that eye-position gain fields in area LIP remain spatially inaccurate for some time after a saccade, indicating they are not updated rapidly enough to play a role in the computation of target locations for upcoming saccades.
Lurking Variables: Some Examples

Abstract Lurking variables are important explanatory variables that might well escape attention in a routine statistical analysis. In this report several examples of lurking variables are given. Important points illustrated include the following. Careful checking, plotting, and thinking are very important. Whenever possible, data and residuals should be examined with respect to time order and spatial arrangement. A variety of plots of the data and the residuals is virtually indispensable. In designing experiments, time order should be considered and, when practical, randomized. Such randomization is not a panacea, however, since lurking variables can still be present.
Embedded formative e‐assessment: who benefits, who falters

This research examined the impact of formative quizzes on e‐learning designed to teach volunteers how to tutor struggling readers. Three research questions were addressed: (1) Do embedded quizzes facilitate learning of e‐content? (2) Does the announcement of upcoming quizzes affect learning? (3) Does prior knowledge interact with quizzing and learning? Participants (n=178) were randomly assigned to condition: (1) no warning, no quiz (control), (2) no warning, quiz, and (3) warning, quiz. Users demonstrated significant learning gains. A predicted main effect for quiz warning was not supported. However, the effect of quizzes on learning was significantly moderated by the amount of prior experience. Low experience tutors learned significantly more when quizzes were embedded compared with expert tutors – a classic expertise reversal effect. A new neurocognitive interpretation for this effect is presented, as well as a call for more “stealthy” assessments that take into account novelty and the learner’s zone o...
Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis in Youth Autopsy Findings of the Bogalusa Heart Study

ABSTRACT The Collaborative Pathology Study is one of the most impressive programs of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Attempts are made to obtain complete and uniform necropsy coverage of all deceased young people who may have been examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Since 1978, autopsy specimens have been collected from 190 deaths, representing 65% of all known deaths in the study age category. The relation of antemortem risk factors for cardiovascular disease to early atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries was assessed in those individuals previously examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study (N = 59). Aortic fatty streaks were strongly related to both total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.62 P P
The conduct disordered child: An analysis of family problems

Abstract The purpose of this review was to examine the conduct disordered child and his/her family and determine how they differed from the “normal” or nonclinic family. Four areas were examined: child behavior, parent behavior, parent perceptions of child adjustment, and parental adjustment. Clinic-referred conduct disordered children were more deviant and less compliant than nonclinic children. Parents of the conducted disordered children issued more commands; emitted more negative, but not less positive, behavior toward their children; and perceived their children and themselves as less well adjusted than the parents in the nonclinic group. Why certain children are identified as conduct disordered and needing treatment is discussed as are the assessment and treatment implications of the findings.
Silent maladie de Roger

A patient with no cardiac murmur was found to have a ventricular septal defect by Doppler echocardiography yet no evidence of pulmonary or right ventricular hypertension. This array of findings is distinctly unusual and appears to be at odds with the clinical teachings concerning small ventricular septal defects. (Chest 1992; 102:320–22)
Axioms of a theory of discrimination learning

Analysis of an empirical theory into a formal system with specified primitive notions and axioms has the advantage of making it clear what deductions from the theory are permissible, and clarifying the internal structure of the theory. An example of such analysis is presented in this paper.
Effect of Tamsulosin on Systemic Blood Pressure and Nonneurogenic Dysfunctional Voiding in Children

Purpose: A number of therapies for dysfunctional voiding in children have been proposed after conservative measures have failed. Prior studies have shown significant improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms with α1-adrenergic antagonists. Nonselective α1-adrenergic antagonists can result in systemic vasodilatation and hypotension. We examined the effects of tamsulosin, a uroselective α1A-adrenergic antagonist, on blood pressure, as well as its safety and efficacy in the treatment of dysfunctional voiding in a pediatric population.Materials and Methods: A total of 23 children without anatomical or neurogenic abnormalities presented with lower urinary tract symptoms refractory to conservative measures. All children had increased post-void residual urine or abnormal uroflowmetry in the absence of pelvic floor activity suggestive of bladder neck dysfunction. All patients were administered tamsulosin daily. Voiding diaries, blood pressure, uroflowmetry studies and patterns along with assessment of post-void...
Functional studies on the precursors of human lymphokine-activated killer cells.

Abstract Human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured for 4 days in the interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing cell-free supernatant of the MLA 144 cell line (MLA 144CM) are cytolytic to NK-susceptible and NK-resistant tumor target cells. This lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity is dependent on IL-2 as development of LAK activity is inhibited in the presence of a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reacting with the IL-2 receptor (anti-Tac). Addition of cyclosporin A (CyA) to mixed lymphocyte cultures inhibits the development of allospecific cytotoxic activity and inhibits the development of IL-2 responsiveness. However, development of LAK activity is unaffected by the inclusion of CyA in the cultures, showing that the LAK precursor can be functionally distinguished from the allospecific cytotoxic precursor cell. Development of LAK activity does not require mature NK cells as shown by the generation of LAK activity from NK inactive human thymocytes and lymph node cells. In addition, depletion of NK activity from human PBL does not impair the development of LAK activity.
BROAD-BAND POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS OF SS 433.

The probable identification of SS 433 with the stellar X-ray source A1909 + 04, the likely association of the supernova remnant W50 with this star, the possible interpretation of the X-ray measurements as emission from a highly magnetic white dwarf, and, in general, the unprecedented behavior of SS 433 make this object a candidate for intrinsic polarization of magnetic origin. The paper reports unfiltered visible linear and circular polarization observations of SS 433. The source does not exhibit circular polarization but it does have a somewhat unusual interstellar linear polarization.
Expressing Crystallographic Textures through the Orientation Distribution Function: Conversion between Generalized Spherical Harmonic and Hyperspherical Harmonic Expansions

In the analysis of crystallographic texture, the orientation distribution function (ODF) of the grains is generally expressed as a linear combination of the generalized spherical harmonics. Recently, an alternative expansion of the ODF, as a linear combination of the hyperspherical harmonics, has been proposed, with the advantage that this is a function of the angles that directly describe the axis and angle of each grain rotation, rather than of the Euler angles. This article provides the formulas required to convert between the generalized spherical harmonics and the hyperspherical harmonics, and between the coefficients appearing in their respective expansions of the ODF. A short discussion of the phase conventions surrounding these expansions is also presented.
The postshock activity burst

When a rat receives an electric shock delivered to the floor of an enclosure, it reacts with frenzied activity. On shock termination, the activity persists for a brief period of time and then gradually gives way to a period of freezing. Subsequent grid shocks temporarily disrupt freezing, with the length of disruption determined by shock intensity (Experiment 1). The duration of this activity burst depends predominantly on the test shock intensity but not on the training shock intensity. The reverse is true for the probability of freezing, which is positively related to training shock intensity (Experiment 2). Based on this finding, it is argued that the activity burst is a UR, while freezing is a CR. Further support that freezing is a CR is provided by Experiment 3, which demonstrates that a delay, during which the rat is out of the shock-associated context, between the training and testing periods does not disrupt freezing. A topographical analysis of the behaviors making up the activity burst is provided by Experiment 4. The postshock activity burst was composed predominantly of head movement, turning, and rearing.
The growth requirements of variants of E. coli mutant 113-3.

Abstract 1. 1. A series of variants of E. coli mutant 113-3 have been isolated with B 12 requirements ranging from 0.018 to 0.12 mμg. B 12 /ml. 2. 2. The variant with the smallest B 12 requirement will grow maximally on small amounts of homocysteine. 3. 3. Intermediate variants will grow in homocysteine only if supplemented with very small amounts of B 12 or with dimethyl-β-propiothetin and p -aminobenzoic acid. 4. 4. Dimethyl-β-propiothetin and thiomethyladenosine are the only methyl compounds which stimulate growth in the presence of homocysteine. 5. 5. Homocysteine is superior to cysteine and glutathione as a growth factor. 6. 6. Mutants with the highest B 12 requirement will not grow on any known supplement other than B 12 or methionine.
Preparation and characterization of the solid solution series Co1−xNixAsS(0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1)

Abstract Both single crystal and polycrystalline samples of the series Co 1− x Ni x AsS0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 have been prepared. The materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, density, and chemical analysis. X-ray intensity data collected for the end member NiAsS shows anion ordering consistent with the ullmanite structure (space group P 2 1 3). Magnetic data indicate that nickel ( d 7 ) is present in the low-spin state. Electrical data show that one additional electron/Ni atom is contributed to the otherwise empty σ* band of CoAsS.
University of Wisconsin solution for pulmonary preservation in a rat transplant model

University of Wisconsin and modified Euro-Collins solutions for pulmonary preservation were compared in a rat orthotopic left lung isotransplant model. Heart-lung blocks of donor rats were flushed with and preserved in one of the preservation solutions at 0 degrees C. After 6 or 12 hours of cold ischemia, the left lungs were transplanted into recipient rats and reperfused for 1 hour. Pulmonary function was assessed by measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in arterial blood after removal of the right lung. Lipid peroxide concentrations were measured as thiobarbiturate acid-reactive substances. The ratios of wet to dry weight of grafts after ischemia and after reperfusion were calculated. Histologic changes of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung tissue were evaluated using a graded scale. Oxygen tension after 6 hours of preservation followed by reperfusion was significantly higher with University of Wisconsin solution (308.8 +/- 81.1 mm Hg) than with Euro-Collins solution (50.8 +/- 17.8 mm Hg; p less than 0.001). Carbon dioxide tension in the University of Wisconsin solution group was also significantly lower than in the Euro-Collins solution group (28.2 +/- 2.3 versus 46.0 +/- 4.5 mm Hg; p less than 0.05). Lipid peroxide concentration after 6 hours' preservation in University of Wisconsin solution was significantly lower (0.88 +/- 0.07 mumol/g) than that in Euro-Collins solution (1.26 +/- 0.12 mumol/g; p less than 0.05). After 12 hours of preservation only lipid peroxide concentration with University of Wisconsin solution was significantly lower (1.30 +/- 0.09 mumol/g) than with Euro-Collins solution (1.71 +/- 0.15 mumol/g; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulatory T-cell functions are subverted and converted owing to attenuated Foxp3 expression

The naturally occurring regulatory T cell (T(r)) is the pivotal cell type that maintains self-tolerance and exerts active immune suppression. The development and function of T(r) cells is controlled by Foxp3 (refs 1, 2), a lack of which results in loss of T(r) cells and massive multi-organ autoimmunity in scurfy mice and IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked) patients. It is generally thought that, through a binary mechanism, Foxp3 expression serves as an on-and-off switch to regulate positively the physiology of T(r) cells; however, emerging evidence associates decreased Foxp3 expression in T(r) cells with various immune disorders. We hypothesized that Foxp3 regulates T(r) cell development and function in a dose-dependent, non-binary manner, and that decreased Foxp3 expression can cause immune disease. Here, by generating a mouse model in which endogenous Foxp3 gene expression is attenuated in T(r) cells, we show that decreased Foxp3 expression results in the development of an aggressive autoimmune syndrome similar to that of scurfy mice, but does not affect thymic development, homeostatic expansion/maintenance or transforming-growth-factor-beta-induced de novo generation of Foxp3-expressing cells. The immune-suppressive activities of T cells with attenuated Foxp3 expression were nearly abolished in vitro and in vivo, whereas their anergic properties in vitro were maintained. This was accompanied by decreased expression of T(r) cell 'signature genes'. Notably, T cells expressing decreased Foxp3 preferentially became T-helper 2 (T(h)2)-type effectors even in a T(h)1-polarizing environment. These cells instructed T(h)2 differentiation of conventional T cells, which contributed to the immune diseases observed in these mice. Thus, decreased Foxp3 expression causes immune disease by subverting the suppressive function of T(r) cells and converting T(r) cells into effector cells; these findings are important for understanding the regulation of T(r) cell function and the aetiology of various human immune diseases.
Characteristics of Lasiurus intermedius (Northern Yellow Bat) Roosts on Sapelo Island, Georgia

Abstract We radio-tracked 3 male and 1 female Lasiurus intermedius (Northern Yellow Bat) to 16 unique roosts on Sapelo Island, GA in summer 2010. All bats roosted in Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish Moss) hanging in hardwood trees. Trees used as roosts were similar in height as surrounding trees but were larger in diameter. Mature hardwood stands appear to be important roosting habitats for Northern Yellow Bats in areas where Pinus (pine) and mixed-pine hardwood habitats dominate the landscape.
Cognitive Rest and School-Based Recommendations Following Pediatric Concussion The Need for Primary Care Support Tools

Objectives. (1) Assess pediatric primary care providers’ understanding of cognitive rest for concussion and (2) describe their concussion management practices. Methods. This study included (1) a survey of general pediatric providers and (2) an electronic medical record (EMR) review of children 5 to 18 years old treated for concussion from September 1, 2010, to May 31, 2011. The survey asked about treatment recommendations for concussion, and results were coded to identify cognitive rest recommendations. The EMR review included the following: injury details, medical evaluation, and recommendations for resuming school and sports/recreation. Results. In all, 89 of 201 providers responded to the survey, and 52 of the 84 clinicians who included comments about concussion management mentioned cognitive rest (62%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 51%-72%). Of the 91 EMRs reviewed for patients’ first visits following the concussion, only 10 (11%, 95% CI = 6%-19%) included written cognitive rest recommendations. Conc...
Mitochondrial generation of oxygen radicals during reoxygenation of ischemic tissues.

Ischemia and reperfusion causes severe mitochondrial damage, including swelling and deposits of hyd-roxyapatite crystals in the mitochondrial matrix. These crystals are indicative of a massive infl...
Indoleacetic Acid and Molecular Differentiation Evidence for Interaction

Proteins of hypocotyls of bean were studied by electrophoresis. Proteins were extracted from hypocotyl segments of various stages of development starting with the relatively undifferentiated hook regions and proceeding by 2 cm segments down the hypocotyl. The proteins were the soluble (pH 7.4), the basic nuclear (histones), acidic ribonuclear and acidic chromosomal. Soluble proteins reflected differentiation of the hypocotyl in that lower hypocotyl segments had more different protein types than did the hook region. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) at 10−6M when applied to the lower hypocotyl appeared to induce still more different proteins. However, at 10−3M, IAA appeared to induce molecular dedifferentiation in that hypocotyl protein patterns began to resemble those of the hook. Histones also reflected differentiation, the hook having more histone types than the lower hypocotyl. IAA had no effect on histones. The hook region had two types of acidic chromosomal proteins, the lower hypocotyl one. When lower hypocotyl segments were incubated in 10−3M IAA, the protein pattern resembled that of the hook in that the second protein normally present in the hook and not in the hypocotyl was in fact induced in the hypocotyl. The hook had two acidic ribonuclear proteins, the lower hypocotyl one. IAA did not affect this protein. These experiments suggest that IAA in some manner regulates molecular (protein) differentiation. It is further suggested that IAA accomplishes this control through the acidic nuclear proteins which are closely associated with genetic material and which reflect differentiation and are also affected by IAA.
Migraine Enters the Molecular Era

Migraine headache is the first neurological condition treatable by a drug targeted to a specific receptor binding site. Originally viewed as a disorder of brain blood vessels, migraine may have as its biological basis a disturbance in brain function. Regarding therapy, recent molecular data document that 5-HT1D receptors on primary afferent fibers are coupled to inhibition of neuropeptide release, blockade of neurogenic inflammation, and c-fos expression within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis after noxious meningeal stimulation in experimental animals. The 5-HT1Dα receptor subtype (as opposed to the 5-HT 1Dβ receptor) has emerged as an important therapeutic target aimed at blocking trigeminal nerve fibers without constricting vascular smooth muscle. NEUROSCIENTIST 2:191-200, 1996