cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Contribution of C-terminal Segments of NuoL (ND5) and NuoM (ND4) Subunits of Complex I from Escherichia coli

The proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I/NDH-1) is a multisubunit enzymatic complex. It has a characteristic l-shaped form with two domains, a hydrophilic peripheral domain and a hydrophobic membrane domain. The membrane domain contains three antiporter-like subunits (NuoL, NuoM, and NuoN, Escherichia coli naming) that are considered to be involved in the proton translocation. Deletion of either NuoL or NuoM resulted in an incomplete assembly of NDH-1 and a total loss of the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase activity. We have truncated the C terminus segments of NuoM and NuoL by introducing STOP codons at different locations using site-directed mutagenesis of chromosomal DNA. Our results suggest an important structural role for the C-terminal segments of both subunits. The data further advocate that the elimination of the last transmembrane helix (TM14) of NuoM and the TM16 (at least C-terminal seven residues) or together with the HL helix and the TM15 of the NuoL subunit lead to reduced stability of the membrane arm and therefore of the whole NDH-1 complex. A region of NuoL critical for stability of NDH-1 architecture has been discussed.
Photochemistry of gas-phase decacarbonyldimanganese (Mn2(CO)10) and decacarbonyldirhenium (Re2(CO)10): mass spectrometric evidence for a dinuclear primary photoproduct

Photochimie en phase gazeuse par excitation a 337 nm dans la region de leur bande σ*←σ non collisionnelle. Formation de fragments M(CO) 5 et de produits de decarbonylation possibles comme Re 2 (CO) 9 . Spectres de masse
Predicting Initial Tall Fescue Root Growth Response to Calcium/Aluminum Solution Concentrations

A study was conducted to quantify effects of soluble aluminum (Al) and gypsum (CaSO4) on initial root growth of three varieties of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Experiments were performed in a growth chamber using hydroponic solutions containing Al from 0 to74 µM in combination with CaSO4 at 0 to10 mM. Seedlings were grown for 7 d, harvested, air dried, scanned, and weighed for treatment comparisons. Significant differences in root length existed between varieties in Al‐only solutions at low Al concentrations. All varieties showed reduced root growth at concentrations greater than 37 µM Al. Increased calcium (Ca2+) and sulfate (SO4 2−) at given concentrations of Al resulted in greater root growth. Relative root growth increased approximately 30% to >80% at 37 µM Al as CaSO4 increased from 2.5 to 10 mM. A simple logistic model adequately described the effects of Al and CaSO4 on root growth (r2 = 0.86, 0.95, and 0.96 for the three varieties).
Parental Division of Labor in a Monogamous Fish

Both parents of the monogamous Texas cichlid (Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum) participate in offspring care and territorial defense. These activities are typically synchronized, with and without intruders being present, such that only one parent is away from the offspring. During the egg and wriggler stage, the male spends more time patrolling the territory while the female devotes more time to offspring care. During the fry stage, both parents tend to remain with the offspring. Either sex can rear the offspring in the absence of the mate. With the removal of the mate, the female's activities remain largely unchanged while the male (in the absence of the female) becomes female-like. It appears as if the male adjusts his responses according to the activity of the female.
E-015 Mechanical and chemical angioplasty for sah induced cerebral vasospasm: experience at the university of Michigan 1997–2005

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of chemical and mechanical angioplasty in the treatment of medically refractory cerebral vasospasm toward the goal of identifying factors predicting clinical outcome. Methods All patients undergoing endovascular management of medically refractory cerebral vasospasm at the University of Michigan between 1997 and 2005 were included. Clinical and angiographic data were collected retrospectively with the review of clinical charts as well radiographic images once institutional review board approval was gained. Results 28 patients underwent mechanical/chemical angioplasty during this time period. Demographic data included: mean age 51.8 years, 21% male, 79% female, and 89% Caucasians. Anterior circulation aneurysm comprised 52% of this patient population and 80% of the patients presented with a Hunt Hess III/IV grade SAH while 96% had a Fisher IV bleeding pattern. The mean aneurismal neck size was 3.7 mm while the dome size was 7.4 mm. 59% of the patient population had undergone microsurgery for aneurismal protection as opposed to endovascular treatment. 56% of the patients were tobacco users and 39% had a history of hypertension. 78% of the patients had presented 5–12 days post SAH. There were no vessel dissections, ruptures, or thrombosis associated with the mechanical procedure. Only 38% of patients required angioplasty involving the posterior circulation vasculature. Modified Rankin score improved from the time of vasospasm to the time of discharge with statistical significance (14% independent at time of symptoms as opposed to 53% independent at time of discharge). Conclusion SAH associated cerebral vasospasm leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanical and chemical angioplasty are safe and effective methods of preventing DIND associated with medically refractory cerebral vasospasm.
Effects of pre-bleeding on the primary IgM response in mice

Abstract A means of enhancing the IgM response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) without the use of adjuvants is reported. Pre-bleeding mice prior to immunization results in a more rapid development and higher levels of IgM hemolysins. The adjuvant-like effect and the level of enhanced antibody production is dependent on the time and the volume of pre-bleeding.
Religiosity and adolescents' involvement with both drugs and sex.

Previous research has shown that religion reduces adolescents’ risk of substance use, while having little impact on sexual risk-taking. However, few studies have examined how religion might mitigate adolescents’ involvement with both drugs and sex. Using the Child Development Supplement (CDS) in combination with the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we fill this gap by determining how adolescents’ involvement with both drugs and sex is related to religiosity. We find the statistically significant relationship between religiosity and adolescents’ involvement in both risk behaviors is accounted for by school attachment, but the relationship between religiosity and drugs is robust.
Tasks, topics and relevance judging for the TREC Genomics Track: five years of experience evaluating biomedical text information retrieval systems

With the help of a team of expert biologist judges, the TREC Genomics track has generated four large sets of "gold standard" test collections, comprised of over a hundred unique topics, two kinds of ad hoc retrieval tasks, and their corresponding relevance judgments. Over the years of the track, increasingly complex tasks necessitated the creation of judging tools and training guidelines to accommodate teams of part-time short-term workers from a variety of specialized biological scientific backgrounds, and to address consistency and reproducibility of the assessment process. Important lessons were learned about factors that influenced the utility of the test collections including topic design, annotations provided by judges, methods used for identifying and training judges, and providing a central moderator "meta-judge".
Stimulation of electron transport from photosystem II to photosystem I in spinach chloroplasts.

Electron transport from Photosystem II to Photosystem I of spinach chloroplasts can be stimulated by bicarbonate and various carbonyl or carboxyl compounds. Monovalent or divalent cations, which have hitherto been implicated in the energy distribution between the two photosystems, i.e., "spillover" phenomena at low light intensities, show a similar effect under high light conditions employed in this study. A mechanism for this stimulation of forward electron transport from Photosystem II to Photosystem I could involve inhibition of two types of Photosystem II partial reactions, which may involve cycling of electrons around Photosystem II. One of these is the DCMU-insensitive silicomolybdate reduction, and the other is ferricyanide reduction by Photosystem II at pH 8 in the presence of dibromothymoquinone. Greater stimulation of forward electron transport reactions is observed when both types of PHotosystem II cyclic reactions are inhibited by bicarbonate, carbonyl and carboxyl-type compounds, or by certain mono- or divalent cations.
Assessment of GABA-B, Metabotropic Glutamate and Opioid Receptor Involvement In An Animal Model of Binge Drinking

Drinking to intoxication or binge drinking is a hallmark characteristic of alcohol abuse. Although hard to model in rodents, the scheduled high alcohol consumption (SHAC) procedure generates high, stable ethanol intake and blood ethanol concentrations in mice to levels consistent with definitions of binge drinking. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the effects of pharmacological manipulation of the opioidergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic systems on binge drinking with the SHAC procedure. Parallel manipulations were conducted in mice trained in operant self-administration of either sucrose or ethanol. For the SHAC procedure, genetically heterogeneous Withdrawal Seizure Control mice were given varying periods of fluid access, with a 30-min ethanol session every third day (total of seven). Mice were pretreated intraperitoneally with naltrexone (0, 0.6, or 1.25 mg/kg), baclofen (0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg), or 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP; 0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) before each ethanol session. For the operant self-administration procedure, separate groups of C57BL/6 mice were trained to complete a single response requirement (16 presses on the active lever) to gain 30 min of access to an ethanol or a sucrose solution. Mice received pretreatments of the same doses of naltrexone, MPEP, or baclofen before the self-administration sessions, with saline injections on intervening days. Naltrexone produced a dose-dependent decrease in binge drinking, and the highest dose also significantly decreased operant self-administration of ethanol and sucrose. Both doses of baclofen significantly decreased binge alcohol consumption, but the higher dose also tended to decrease water intake. The highest dose of baclofen also significantly decreased operant self-administration of sucrose. MPEP (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased binge alcohol consumption and sucrose self-administration. These results indicate that manipulation of the opioidergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems significantly decreased binge drinking.
Analysis of variances and covariances is misleading as a guide to a common factor model

Abstract The “factor” analyses published by Schultz, Kaye, and Hoyer (1980) confused component and factor analysis and led in this case as in many others to unwarranted conclusions. They used component analysis to develop factor models that were subjected to restricted (confirmatory) maximum likelihood analysis, but the final models for which good fits with the observed correlations were obtained were not common factor models. They were, however, discussed as such and conclusions drawn accordingly. When their correlation matrices are analyzed by the principal factors method, two factors are sufficient to account for the intercorrelations. These two factors generally support the a priori expectation of a difference between intelligence tasks and spontaneous flexibility tasks. They are also quite similar in younger and older subjects, when similarity is judged in terms of factor pattern. Factor loadings for the younger subjects, however, are much smaller than expectations based on the respective ranges of talent in the two groups of subjects or on past experience with similar tests in undergraduate student populations.
Immunoelectron microscopic study of the detection of the glycoproteins of influenza and sendai viruses in infected cells by the immunoperoxidase method

Abstract The envelope glycoproteins of influenza virus (HA and NA) and paramyxovirus (HN and F) were visualized on the surface of infected cells by immunoelectron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In X7 influenza virus-infected fibroblasts, the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) were observed on the cell membrane respectively 2 and 3–4 h after infection. The antigens were initially seen as discrete patches and later evenly distributed along the plasma membrane prior to budding. Antibody induction of HA and NA was observed as cytoplasmic inclusions, with peroxidase-positive activity, attributed to endocytosis. The redistribution of HA and NA supports the hypothesis of lateral mobility of the viral glycoproteins in cellular membranes as visualized by the immunoperoxidase method. The glycoproteins of Sendai virus, in infected Madin—Darby bovine kidney cells, were found to be evenly distributed along the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, the latter by the indirect microperoxidase method. The immunoperoxidase methods may be useful for investigating the polarized distribution of envelope glycoproteins.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BTEV DETECTOR

BTeV is an experiment being constructed at the Fermilab collider, designed to study mixing, CP violation, and rare decays of beauty and charm hadrons. The detector covers the forward region (10-300 mrad), components include silicon pixels, tracking, RICH, PdWO4 electromagnetic calorimeter, and muon system. Brief description of individual detector elements are presented.
Thymidylate synthetase: Studies on the peptide containing covalently bound 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate

Abstract Studies are reported on the FdUMP-CH 2 -H 4 folate-peptide obtained upon proteolysis of the complex formed from thymidylate synthetase, FdUMP and 5,10-CH 2 -H 4 folate. Contrary to a previous report from this laboratory, the peptide does contain a cysteine residue. The sequence of the largest peptide obtained is Ala-Leu-Pro-Pro-(His,Cys)-Thr. Quantitative modification of the histidine residue with the Pauly reagent indicates that imidazole is not directly linked to the nucleotide. The stability of the peptide indicates the covalent bond to the cofactor involves its 5-nitrogen; from this, it may be concluded that the reactive form of the cofactor is the 5-iminium ion.
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Sensitizes Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting the NF-κB Survival Pathway

The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a growth/tumor suppressor essential for induction of apoptosis by diverse apoptotic stimuli. The mechanism by which PML regulates cell death remains unclear. In this study we found that ectopic expression of PML potentiates cell death by apoptosis in the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-resistant cell line U2OS and other cell lines. Treatment with TNFalpha significantly sensitized these cells to apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. PML/TNFalpha-induced cell death is associated with DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -7, and -8, and degradation of DNA fragmentation factor/inhibitor of CAD. PML/TNFalpha-induced cell death could be blocked by the caspase-8 inhibitors CrmA and c-FLIP but not by Bcl-2. These findings indicate that this cell death event is initiated through the death receptor-dependent apoptosis pathway. PML is a transcriptional repressor of NF-kappaB by interacting with RelA/p65 and prevents its binding to the cognate enhancer through the C terminus. Coimmunoprecipitation and double-color immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that PML physically interacts with RelA/p65 in vivo and the two proteins colocalized at the endogenous levels. Overexpression of NF-kappaB rescued cell death induced by PML/TNFalpha. Furthermore, PML(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts are more resistant to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. Together this study defines a novel mechanism by which PML induces apoptosis through repression of the NF-kappaB survival pathway.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Regulates Cx43 Expression, Gap Junction Communication and Differentiation in Primary Lens Epithelial Cells

Purpose: To examine the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment on connexin 43 (Cx43) expression, gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), and cellular differentiation in primary canine lens epithelial cells (LEC).Methods and Materials: Dose and time-dependent effects of ATRA on Cx43 protein, mRNA and GJIC, were assessed by immunoblotting, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and scrape loading/dye transfer assays, respectively. Expression of β crystallin was evaluated by immunoblotting.Results: Treatment with ATRA at non-cytotoxic concentrations significantly increased Cx43 protein, mRNA and GJIC in primary canine LEC. Treatment with ATRA for five and seven days increased levels of β crystallin, a protein marker of LEC differentiation. Inhibition of GJIC via pre-treatment with a synthetic inhibitor, 18-α glycyrrethinic acid (AGA), reduced ATRA-induced increases in Cx43 and GJIC and partially blocked ATRA-induced β crystallin protein.Conclusions: Treat...
Evidence for associated deep donor-shallow acceptor pair recombination for the EL2 emission band in GaAs

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that the EL2 emission band in GaAs arises from an intracenter charge transfer in a complex composed of a deep donor level and its associated near-neighbor acceptor. In the present study, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements have been performed on the EL2 emission band. The position and width of the EL2 emission band are found to be independent of the time elapsed after the exciting laser pulse. This observation is in agreement with the previously mentioned donor-acceptor pair recombination model involving donors and acceptors with a well-defined spatial separation. We have also performed photoluminescence fatigue measurements on both the EL2 emission band and a related band at .68 eV. The implications of these measurements for the interpretation of the metastable electronic state of EL2 are discussed.
Role of the Helicobacter pylori‐Induced inflammatory response in the development of gastric cancer

Many factors are known to contribute to the development of cancer, and gastric cancer development is no different. Chronic infections, tobacco smoke, diet, and obesity are all major factors which play into the development of cancer [Aggarwal and Gehlot, 2009]. There is a single mechanism which underlies many of these risk factors: inflammation. The link between inflammation and cancer was proposed by Virchow in the 19th century with his observation that tumors often arose at sites of chronic inflammation and that inflammatory cells were present in tumor samples [Balkwill and Mantovani, 2001]. Inflammation has been observed in many infection-triggered cancers, and approximately 15% of human cancers are associated with chronic infection and inflammation [Karin and Greten, 2005]. For example, Hepatitis B or C virus infections, given their names because of their ability to cause chronic liver inflammation, can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Infections with many types of human papillomaviruses are recognized as key risk factors for cervical cancer, and the inflammation caused by persistent infection acts as a “cofactor” in carcinogenesis. A protein product of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) “hijacks” host inflammation-regulating pathways to induce inflammation and transform T-cells, leading to the development of adult T-cell leukemia [Sun and Yamaoka, 2005]. Inflammation has become a new hallmark for cancer [Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011].
Medial near-rings

In this paper we discuss (left) near-rings satisfying the identities:abcd=acbd,abc=bac, orabc=acb, called medial, left permutable, right permutable near-rings, respectively. The structure of these near-rings is investigated in terms of the additive and Lie commutators and the set of nilpotent elementsN (R). For right permutable and d.g. medial near-rings we obtain a “Binomial Theorem,” show thatN (R) is an ideal, and characterize the simple and subdirectly irreducible near-rings. “Natural” examples from analysis and geometry are produced via a general construction method.
Changes in Biochemical Processes in Cerebellar Granule Cells of Mice Exposed To Methylmercury

At postnatal day 34, male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed orally once a day to a total of five doses totaling 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg of methylmercuric chloride or sterile deionized water in moistened rodent chow. Eleven days after the last dose cerebellar granule cells were acutely isolated to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential using CM-H2DCFDA and TMRM dyes, respectively. For visualizing intracellular calcium ion distribution using transmission electron microscopy, mice were perfused 11 days after the last dose of methylmercury (MeHg) using the oxalate-pyroantimonate method. Cytosolic and mitochondrial protein fractions from acutely isolated granule cells were analyzed for cytochrome c content using Western blot analysis. Histochemistry (Fluoro-Jade dye) and immunohistochemistry (activated caspase 3) was performed on frozen serial cerebellar sections to label granule cell death and activation of caspase 3, respectively. Granule cells isolated from MeHg-treated mice showed elevated ROS levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential when compared to granule cells from control mice. Electron photomicrographs of MeHg-treated granule cells showed altered intracellular calcium ion homeostasis ([Ca 2+ ]i) when compared to control granule cells. However, in spite of these subcellular changes and moderate relocalization of cytochrome c into the cytosol, the concentrations of MeHg used in this study did not
Carbohydrate Ingestion/Supplementation for Resistance Exercise and Training

The physiological and performance effects of carbohydrate ingestion/supplementation on aerobic endurance exercise have been extensively studied. However, little attention has been given to the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on resistance exercise and training. Recent evidence suggests that resistance exercise can elicit a considerable glycogenolytic effect, which can lead to fatigue and strength loss. The ability of carbohydrate ingestion immediately before and during resistance exercise to enhance performance is unclear at present, however carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise has been shown to enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis. This may decrease recovery time following resistance exercise and enable an increase in training volume which may enhance physiological adaptations. Also, carbohydrate ingestion during or immediately after resistance exercise has been shown to increase postexercise insulin and growth hormone levels, which may lead to increased protein synthesis and hypertrophy, although this has not been systematically investigated. Despite the potential benefits of carbohydrate ingestion for performance of resistance exercise and adaptation to resistance training, at present little empirical evidence is available to support this hypothesis.
Identification and spatial distribution of retinoids in the developing chick limb bud.

All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) induces striking digit pattern duplications when locally applied to the developing chick limb bud1–4. Instead of the normal digit pattern (234) a mirror-symmetrical 432234 pattern can be specified. Hence, RA closely mimics posterior limb bud tissue (the zone of polarizing activity, ZPA) that causes very similar duplications when grafted to an anterior site of a host limb bud5. This resemblance raises an intriguing possibility: that RA is related to the as yet unidentified inducer substance thought to be released by the ZPA1,6. Here we report that chick limb buds contain endogenous RA and we show that RA, but not its biosynthetic precursor retinol, forms a concentration gradient across the limb anlage with a high-point in the posterior domain of the limb bud, the part that also contains the ZPA.
Localized Stability Checking and Design of IC Power Delivery With Distributed Voltage Regulators

Placing multiple voltage regulators onto the die is an effective way of enabling distributed on-chip voltage regulation and provides significant benefits in suppressing various types of power supply noise. However, the complex interactions between the active voltage regulators and the large passive subnetwork may render the complete power delivery network (PDN) unstable, leading to design failures. While traditional stability measures such as phase margin are not applicable to regulated PDNs that have a large number of loops, a brute-force analysis of network stability can be impractical due to the high complexity of a given PDN. We present a hybrid stability margin concept and the associated stability-checking method for PDNs with integrated linear low-dropout voltage regulators (LDOs). With theoretical rigor, the proposed approach is local in the sense that the stability of the entire network can be efficiently examined through a hybrid stability constraint that is defined locally for individual LDOs. In the same spirit, we propose a localized LDO design methodology that optimizes individual LDOs in a stand-alone manner while ensuring the network-level stability. Key circuit-level design considerations and tradeoffs involved in stability-ensuring LDO design are also discussed.
Constructing Corporatist Science: Reconstituting the Soul of American Higher Education

The authors critique the ways that science and higher education are being revisioned and reconstituted as servants of profiteering and fundamentalist power agendas. This discussion recognizes that higher education, while generating all manner of "discovery"-oriented research, has also been the sight of contestation, debate, critiques of science, and even zealous philosophical disagreements regarding science. Higher education has been the accepted location of the postmodern turn; the recognition of diverse scientific paradigms such as constructivist, feminist, and critical sciences; and major critiques of positivist science. This academic work is not perfect and is certainly not without power struggles but is absolutely necessary. Reconstituting American higher education into a fundamentalist, corporatist institution will certainly narrow and potentially eliminate critique, philosophical diversity and science itself. Faculty in academia must take action, rather than succumbing "to the new spirit of the age...
Talking as if

If ordinary people are to work with humanoid robots, they will need to communicate with them. But how will they do that? For many in the field, the goal is to design robots that people can talk to just as they talk to actual people. But a close look at actual communication suggests that this goal isn't realist. It may even be untenable in principle. An alternative goal is to design robots that people can talk to just as they talk to dynamic depictions of other people - what I will call characters. As it happens, ordinary people have a great deal of experience in interpreting the speech, gestures, and other actions of characters, and even in interacting with them. But talking to characters is different from talking to actual people. So once we view robots as characters, we will need a model of communication based on different principles. That, in turn, may change our ideas of what people can and cannot do with robots.
Hydration properties of aqueous Pb(II) ion.

Using density functional theory and polarized continuum models, we have determined the most probable coordination number and structure of the first hydration shell of aqueous Pb(II). The geometries and hydration free energies of Pb(H2O)1−92+ were examined and benchmarked against experimental values. The free energies of hydration of Pb(H2O)6−82+ were found to match the experimental value within 10 kcal/mol. Moreover, based upon our thermochemical results for single water addition, primary hydration numbers of 6, 7, and 8 are all thermally accessible at STP. Use of a small-core 60 electron effective core potential (ECP) with the aug-cc-pvdz-PP basis on Pb resulted in structures that are significantly less hemidirected than predicted when using the large-core 78 electron ECP and the lanl2DZ basis on the metal. Our results imply that the hemi- to holo-directed transition in Pb(II)-water complexes is driven by coordination number and not hybridization of the 6s lone-pair orbital or enhanced covalent bonding i...
Reply to the Comments of Longuenesse and Ginsborg

In this discussion I respond to some of the criticisms raised by Beatrice Longuenesse and Hannah Ginsborg to my account of Kant's aesthetic theory presents in Kant's Theory of Taste.
Spectrin's E2/E3 ubiquitin conjugating/ligating activity is diminished in sickle cells.

Erythrocyte spectrin contains E2/E3 ubiquitin conjugating/ligating activity in its α subunit. Ankyrin is a target of spectrin's E2/E3 ubiquitin conjugating/ligating activity in vitro and in vivo. We compare the ubiquitination levels of ankyrin mediated by control and sickle cell spectrin using a biotinylated ubiquitin cell-free assay. Sickle cell spectrin has diminished ability to transfer ubiquitin from an intermediate spectrin–ubiquitin thioester adduct (α′ spectrin) to ankyrin, which may be due to glutathiolation of spectrin's E2 and/or E3 active site cysteines. There is also a diminished ability of the sickle cell ankyrin to serve as target of spectrin's E2/E3 activity, probably due to oxidative damage to ankyrin. A direct correlation exists between the α′/α spectrin ratio and spectrin's ability to ubiquitinate ankyrin. There is also an inverse correlation between severity of the disease and the α′/α spectrin ratio in SS erythrocytes. These results suggest that reduced spectrin E2/E3 activity is an important determinant of sickle cell severity. Am. J. Hematol. 79:89–96, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wais versus wais-r subtest patterns: A problem of generalization

Abstract While the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) has gained considerable acceptance as a satisfactory successor to the WAIS as a measure of general intelligence, few studies have examined whether the two tests are comparable in terms of brain-behavior relationships. To evaluate the equivalence of profile interpretations of the WAIS and WAIS-R, the tests were given in a concurrent manner to 43 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. While subtest and summary IQ scores were highly correlated, the WAIS-R yielded significantly lower scores than did the WAIS, but not in a uniform manner. Subtest differences ranged from .56 to 2.42, indicating that the WAIS-R introduces a systematic profile bias. Ipsative correlations between profile patterns for each patient ranged from .233 to .986, with a mean correlation of .860. Finally, concordance rates for decisions based on three objective profile rules were examined for the WAIS and WAIS-R data. Concordance rates between tests for “po...
Al III, Si IV, and C IV absorption toward zeta Ophiuchi: Evidence for photionized and collisionally ionized gas

We present Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph observations at 3.5 km/s resolution and signal-to-noise ratios of 30 to 60 for the Al III, Si IV, and N V absorption lines in the far-ultraviolet spectrum of the O9.5 V star zeat Ophiuchi. The measurement reveal three types of highly ionized gas along the 140 pc line of sight. (1) Narrow components of Al III (b = 4.3 km/s, the mean value of (v(helio)) = -7.8 km/s; b = 3.2 km/s, the mean value of (v(sub helio)) = -14.4 km/s) and Si IV (b = 5.3 km/s, the mean value of (v(sub helio)) = -15.0 km/s) trace photionized gas in the expanding H II region surrounding zeta Oph. The observed magnitude and direction of the velocity offset between the Al III and Si IV profiles can be explained by models of H II regions that incorporate expansion. Narrow C IV absorption associated with the H II region is not detected. Predictions of the expected amounts of Si IV and C IV overestimate the column densities of these ions by factors of 30 and more than 10, respectively. The discrepancy may be due to the effects of elemental depletions in the gas and/or to the interaction of the stellar wind with surrounding matter. (2) Broad (b = 15 to 18 km/s) and weak Si IV and C IV absorption components are detected near the mean value of (v(sub helio)) = -26 km/s. The high-ionization species associated with these absorption components are probably produced by electron collisional ionization in a heated gas. This absorption may be physically related to the zeta Oph bow shock ot to a cloud complex situated within the local interstellar medium at d less than 60 pc. The C IV to Si IV column density ratio in this gas is 8, a factor of 6 less than conductive interface models predict, but this discrepancy may be removed by considering the effects of self-photoionization within the cooling gas in the model calculations. (3) A broad (b = 13 km/s) and weak C IV absorption feature detected at the mean value of (v(sub helio)) = -61 km/s is not seen in other species. We tentatively ascribe this absorption to gas in a postshock ragion of an optically thin shock in the zeta Oph stellar wind.
The Battle between Infection and Host Immune Responses of Dengue Virus and Its Implication in Dengue Disease Pathogenesis

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted single stranded RNA virus belonging to genus Flavivirus. The virus is endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world, causing diseases classified according to symptoms and severity (from mild to severe) as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Among a variety of human cell types targeted by DENV, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are members of innate immunity, capable of mounting rapid inflammatory responses. These cells are also major antigen presenting cells, responsible for activating the adaptive immunity for long-term memory. This paper is an overview of the current understanding of the following mutually affected aspects: DENV structure, viral infectivity, cellular receptors, innate immune response, and adaptive immunity.
Reliability Of Fiber Optic Emitters

Hewlett Packard fiber optic link products use four types of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on GaAsP and GaAlAs technologies. The reliability of all four emitters has been extensively studied. In this paper, we report the experimental results and discuss possible failure mechanisms.
Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and the Transgendered in Political Science: Report on a Discipline-Wide Survey.

This article reviews the results of a discipline-wide survey concerning lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and the transgendered in the discipline. We find that both research and teaching on LGBT topics have made some headway into the discipline, and that political scientists largely accept that LGBT issues can be fundamentally political and are worth studying and teaching for that reason. Nonetheless, troubling questions about discrimination both against those who conduct research concerning LBGT issues and LGBT individuals themselves remain.
Field evaluation of the accuracy of vaccine deposition by two different commercially available in ovo injection systems

The location of injection and vaccine deposition in ovo is known to be critical to the efficacy of Marek's disease (MD) vaccine protection against MD viral challenge. Vaccine deposition into the amniotic sac or a s.c. or i.m. site of the embryo is required for MD vaccine efficacy. Vaccine deposition into the air cell or allantoic fluid results in chicks that are not adequately protected against subsequent MD viral challenge. A study was conducted in 2 commercial broiler hatcheries to evaluate the ability of 2 in ovo injection systems, the Embrex Inovoject system (Pfizer Poultry Health, Research Triangle Park, NC) and the Intelliject system (Avitech, Salisbury, MD; distributed by Merial Ltd., Gainesville, GA) to deliver a vaccine approved for use in ovo accurately and properly. A standard MD vaccine diluent mixed with a protein-staining dye was delivered through each machine to simulate in ovo vaccination. The location of the dye within the egg determined whether the vaccine was delivered correctly. Each egg was also evaluated for normal embryo development (normal eggs). Correct vaccine delivery included eggs in which the vaccine was injected into the amniotic sac or into s.c. or i.m. regions of the embryo. Incorrect vaccine delivery was defined as delivery into the air cell; allantoic sac; any combinations including air cell or allantois; the abdominal, cranial, orbital, or thoracic cavities of the embryo; or no vaccine delivery at all. In hatchery 1 (Chick Master, Newton, MS) 1,171 normal eggs were processed through the Inovoject system and 1,138 eggs were processed by the Intelliject system. The Inovoject system correctly vaccinated 94.62% of the normal eggs as compared with 61.16% delivery accuracy of normal eggs with the Intelliject system. In hatchery 2 (Jamesway Super J, Magee, MS) 926 normal eggs were processed by the Inovoject system and 910 normal eggs were processed by the Intelliject system. The Inovoject system correctly vaccinated 91.04% of the normal eggs, whereas the Intelliject system correctly vaccinated 71.98% of the normal eggs. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the Inovoject system accurately delivered in ovo vaccine at a significantly higher rate than the Intelliject system.
Log-Linear Models for Doubly Sampled Categorical Data Fitted by the EM Algorithm

Abstract Double-sampling experiments can be expressed as incomplete multiway contingency tables and analyzed by using techniques appropriate for fitting log-linear models. The framework described can be applied to experiments with any number of factors and measurement devices. Maximum likelihood estimation via the EM algorithm leads to straightforward expressions for covariances of estimates of the parameters and functions of the parameters.
Effect of α-adrenergic blockade on arrhythmias induced by acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the dog

Studies in cats suggest α -adrenergic contributions to arrhythmiasduring myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The validity of this concept in other species, however, remains uncertain. Thus, 106 chloralose-anesthetized open-chest dogs undergoing a 25 min coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion received saline ( n =52), prazosin (1 mg/kg, n =26), phentolamine (5 mg/kg, n =18), or phentolamine (same dose)+propranolol (1 mg/kg, n =10). Alpha-blockade was confirmed by α -agonist dose-response studies. In phentolamine-treated dogs, arterial pressure and heart rate were kept constant to prevent exacerbation of ischemia. Control and treated groups were comparable with respect to variables known to affect arrhythmias, such as size of occluded and reperfused vascular beds, coronary collateral flow, severity of ischemia estimated from intramyocardial CO 2 tension, and peak reactive hyperemia. During coronary occlusion, the number of single premature ventricular complexes was reduced by phentolamine ( P α 1 -(prazosin), nonselective α 1 - and α 2 -(phentolamine), and combined α - and β -blockade (phentolamine+propranolol) failed to attenuate complex arrhythmias induced by acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Alpha-adrenergic mechanisms appear unimportant in the genesis of these arrhythmias in the canine model.
The linked clinical data project: applying semantic web technologies for clinical and translational research using electronic medical records

Systematic study of clinical phenotypes is important to better understand the genetic basis of human diseases and more effective gene-based disease management. The Linked Clinical Data (LCD) project at Mayo Clinic aims to develop a semantics-driven framework for high-throughput phenotype extraction, representation, integration, and querying from electronic medical records using emerging Semantic Web technologies, such as Linked Open Data. This poster abstract provides a brief background and overview of the recently initiated LCD project.
Land-use, transportation and sustainability

Abstract The pattern of urban development strongly affects sustainability—energy and water use, food production, waste generation and disposal, biodiversity and equal opportunity. So regional planning must be a tool in achieving sustainability. The traditional urban pattern was a cluster of activities that people do together (city downtowns and neighborhood centers) surrounded by residences in a density gradient. That remains the most sustainable pattern. After World War II, the automobile promoted a pattern of scattered activities and spread out residences. Most other countries resisted the spread and scattered pattern, though without complete success; the US has only begun to recentralize. Three strategies are proposed to recentralize: pricing goods and services to reflect sustainable needs, improving the magnetism of cities and legislating enforceable regional plans.
The impacts of SO2 oxidation in cloud drops and in haze particles on aerosol light scattering and CCN activity

Calculations with an explicit microphysical model show significant sulfate production in both clouds and unactivated haze but significant impact on particle light scattering and CCN production only for the cloud scenarios.
Simulations of Complex Flows and Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems on Fixed Cartesian Grids

A finite-difference based approach for computing flows with complex moving solid three-dimensional boundaries on fixed Cartesian grid has been developed. Internal solid boundaries are represented by “blocking off” the grid cells inside the boundary. This results in considerably increased computing efficiency over conventional body-conformal structured grid methods. A mixed explicit-implicit fractional step method is employed for time integration while the spatial discretization scheme is based on a second-order accurate central-difference scheme. The pressure Poisson equation is solved using algebraic multigrid as well as Krylov subspace based methods. The current simulation methodology is validated by simulating various canonical flows. Further, we compute the flow generated by a moving body as well as the flow generated by a synthetic jet in order to demonstrate the capabilities of this solver.
Learning an L1-Regularized Gaussian Bayesian Network in the Equivalence Class Space

Learning the structure of a graphical model from data is a common task in a wide range of practical applications. In this paper, we focus on Gaussian Bayesian networks, i.e., on continuous data and directed acyclic graphs with a joint probability density of all variables given by a Gaussian. We propose to work in an equivalence class search space, specifically using the k-greedy equivalence search algorithm. This, combined with regularization techniques to guide the structure search, can learn sparse networks close to the one that generated the data. We provide results on some synthetic networks and on modeling the gene network of the two biological pathways regulating the biosynthesis of isoprenoids for the Arabidopsis thaliana plant.
OPTIMUM BANDWIDTHS AND KERNELS FOR ESTIMATING CERTAIN DISCONTINUOUS DENSITIES

Rosenblatt and Parzen proposed a well-known estimator fn for an unknown density function f, and later Schuster suggested a modification % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaybyaeqale% qabaGaaiOxaaqdbaGaamOzaaaaaaa!3851!\[\mathop f\limits^\^ \]n to rectify certain drawbacks of fn. This paper gives the asymptotically optimum bandwidth and kernel for % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaybyaeqale% qabaGaaiOxaaqdbaGaamOzaaaaaaa!3851!\[\mathop f\limits^\^ \]n under the standard measure of IMSE when f is discontinuous at one or both endpoints of its support. We also consider an alternative definition of the IMSE under which the optimum bandwidths and kernels for % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaybyaeqale% qabaGaaiOxaaqdbaGaamOzaaaaaaa!3851!\[\mathop f\limits^\^ \]n and fn are derived. The latter supplement van Eeden's results.
Morpheaform sarcoidosis: Report of three cases

Abstract Sarcoidosis Is A Disease Of Protean Manifestations. We Describe 3 Patients Whose Unusual Presentation Of Sarcoidosis Resembled Localized Scleroderma (MORPHEA). (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:345-8.)
Antagonism by intracerebellar Ro15–4513 of acute ethanol-induced motor incoordination in mice

The possible antiethanol effect of intracerebellarly microinjected Ro15–4513 was investigated using motor incoordination as the test response. The results of this study further confirmed reports from this and other laboratories that this partially negative ligand of benzodiazepine selectively attenuated and nearly reversed the motor impairment of acute ethanol. The attenuation observed after microinjections of doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 ng was significant and dose related. There was no effect on normal coordination when the highest dose, 0.5 ng, was administered followed by saline instead of a test dose of ethanol. When 0.5 ng of Ro15–4513 alone was microinjected into the cerebellum, no significant change in the locomotor activity was observed. Even a 10-fold higher intracerebellar dose (5 ng) of Ro15–4513 administered alone produced no significant changes in locomotor activity. This suggests that attenuation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination was most likely due to the selective antiethanol effect of Ro15–4513 at the dose range used in the present investigation. The antiethanol effect of intracerebellar Ro15–4513 also reaffirmed the well-known belief that the cerebellum is an important brain region for ethanol's motor-impairing effect. The results also indirectly suggest the inhibition of GABAA-gated chloride ion channel activity as the most likely basis of Ro15–4513's antiethanol effect.
The nuclear pore complex: disease associations and functional correlations

Abstract Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large protein structures spanning the double membrane of the eukaryotic nucleus that serve as sites for translocation of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The vertebrate NPC has recently been found to comprise ∼30 distinct proteins, collectively referred to as nucleoporins. Studies over the past several years have demonstrated that individual nucleoporins have unique roles in regulating NPC function and the nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins and RNAs. The unique functions of individual nucleoporins have been made most clear through their associations with specific human diseases. Here, we highlight the relationships between individual nucleoporins and disease, with particular emphasis given to ALADIN, a nucleoporin linked to a genetically heritable human disease known as triple A syndrome.