cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insulin and the Stimulation of Glycogen Synthesis. The Road from Glycogen Structure to Glycogen Synthase to Cyclic Amp‐Dependent Protein Kinase to Insulin Mediators

The enhanced phosphorylations via cAMP, Ca2+ mobilization, and diacyl glycerol formation via the activation of the respective kinases is now classical. The decreased phosphorylation via inhibition of adenylate cyclase via the alpha adrenergic receptor is also becoming understood. What the insulin studies on the control of glycogen synthesis have taught us is that the rate limiting enzyme glycogen synthase is regulated by multiple covalent phosphorylation in an elegant but complex manner. The overall pattern of dephosphorylation is influenced by effecting both phosphatase and kinase activities in a set of interrelated mechanisms. In the presence of glucose, in muscle, fat, and liver under physiological conditions G-6-P acts as a signal to stimulate the phosphatase. An additional stimulation could occur via a novel insulin phosphatase stimulatory mediator. The phosphatase is also stimulated by at least three covalent mechanisms involving altered phosphorylation state. In one there is a decreased phosphorylation of the phosphatase inhibitor 1 potentially related to decreased cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. In the second, there is decreased phosphorylation of the deinhibitor also potentially related to decreased cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation. In the third, an increased activity of casein kinase 2 could activate the ATP-Mg dependent phosphatase by an increased phosphorylation of phosphatase inhibitor 2 (modulatory subunit). In the liver, allosteric control of the phosphatase by G-6-P and nucleotides is of great importance. Insulin also stimulates the phosphatase in long-term experiments via increased protein synthesis. It is clear that future work will be required to determine which species of the various classes of phosphatases are regulated in short-term and long-term regulation by insulin. In terms of kinases, the effects of insulin to inactivate and desensitize the cAMP-dependent protein kinase are established. The molecular mechanisms of this effect remain to be worked out. The enhanced activity of MAP and S-6 kinase would appear to be part of a cascade of reactions perhaps originating in the autophosphorylation and activation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. The mechanism of the short-term activation of casein kinase 2 remains to be elucidated. A cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitory mediator, which also inhibits adenylate cyclase is an important element in the regulation of kinase and adenylate cyclase activity by insulin. Its physiological significance must be established in the future, in terms of its control of glycogen synthase activation by insulin. Clearly this kinase inhibitor as well as the phosphatase stimulator are potential regulators of glycogen synthase activity by insulin.
Characteristics of a picosecond synchronously-pumped singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator

In this paper, we report the characteristics of a singly resonant KTiOPO/sub 4/ optical parametric oscillator (OPO) synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of a flashlamp-pumped asynchronously phase locked (APM) Nd:YLF laser.
DNA sequences and expression in Streptomyces lividans of an exoglucanase gene and an endoglucanase gene from Thermomonospora fusca.

Abstract Two genes encoding cellulases E1 and E4 from Thermomonospora fusca have been cloned in Escherichia coli, and their DNA sequences have been determined. Both genes were introduced into Streptomyces lividans, and the enzymes were purified from the culture supernatants of transformants. E1 and E4 were expressed 18- and 4-fold higher, respectively, in S. lividans than in E. coli. Thin-layer chromatography of digestion products showed that E1 digests cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellopentaose to cellobiose and a trace of glucose. E4 is poor at degrading cellotriose and cleaves cellopentaose to cellotetraose and glucose or cellotriose and cellobiose. It readily cleaves cellotetraose to cellobiose. E1 shows 59% identity to Cellulomonas fumi CenC in a 689-amino-acid overlap, and E4 shows 80% identity to the N terminus of C. fimi CenB in a 441-amino-acid overlap; all of these proteins are members of cellulase family E. Alignment of the amino acid sequences of Clostridium thermocellum celD, E1, E4, and four other members of family E demonstrates a clear relationship between their catalytic domains, although there is as little as 25% identity between some of them. Residues in celD that have been identified by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification to be important for catalytic activity are conserved in all seven proteins. The catalytic domains of E1 and E4 are not similar to those of T. fusca E2 or E5, but all four enzymes share similar cellulose-binding domains and have the same 14-bp inverted repeat upstream of their initiation codons. This sequence has been identified previously as the binding site for a protein that regulates induction.
Quantal Density Functional Theory

Quantal density functional theory (Q–DFT) is a physical local effective potential theory of electronic structure of both ground and excited states. It constitutes the mapping from any state of an interacting system of N electrons in a time-dependent external field as described by Schrodinger theory to one of noninteracting fermions in the same external field and possessing the same quantum-mechanical properties of the basic variables. Time-independent Q–DFT constitutes a special case. The Q–DFT mapping can be to any arbitrary state of the model system. Q–DFT is based on the ‘Quantal Newtonian’ second and first laws of both the interacting and noninteracting systems. As such it is a description in terms of ‘classical’ fields derived from quantal sources as experienced by each model fermion. The internal field components are separately representative of electron correlations due to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, Coulomb repulsion, kinetic effects and the density. Thus, as opposed to Schrodinger theory, within Q–DFT, the separate contributions to the total energy and local potential due to the Pauli principle, Coulomb repulsion, and the correlation contribution to the kinetic energy—the Correlation-Kinetic effects—are explicitly defined in terms of fields representative of these correlations. The local potential incorporating all the many-body effects is the work done in the force of a conservative effective field which is the sum of these fields. The many-body components of the energy are expressed in integral virial form in terms of the individual fields representative of the different electron correlations. Various sum rules for the model system such as the Integral Virial Theorem, Ehrenfest’s Theorem, the Zero Force and the Torque Sum Rule are derived. Q–DFT is explicated by application to both a ground and excited state of a model system in the low electron-correlation regime, and to a ground state in the Wigner high-electron correlation regime. A new characterization of the Wigner regime based on the newly discovered significance of Correlation-Kinetic effects is proposed. The multiplicity of potentials as obtained via Q–DFT which can generate the same basic variables, and the significance of Correlation-Kinetic effects in such mappings, is discussed. The Q–DFT of degenerate states is described, as is the Q–DFT of Hartree and Hartree-Fock theories.
Accelerating seismic migration using FPGA-based coprocessor platform

Migration is the most important seismic data processing method that recovers subsurface images of the Earth's interior using surface-recorded data volumes obtained from seismic reflection surveys. A reconfigurable coprocessor platform called SPACE (seismic data processing accelerator with reconfigurable engine) using field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology is proposed in this paper to speed up these computationally demanding and data-intensive seismic migration applications. The proposed SPACE platform is characterized by its simple architecture and abundant on-board memory resources along with ultra-wide memory bandwidth, which also makes the platform suitable for other seismic data processing methods or some large-scale scientific computing applications. The time-consuming kernel part of the pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration (PSTM) algorithm is programmed into the FPGA-based coprocessor platform, which acts as a hardware accelerator attached to an Intel-based workstation through the local peripheral controller interface (PCI) bus. Improved performance can be achieved by integrating a number of parallel running fully pipelined arithmetic modules into a single FPGA chip. Our simulation results show that the proposed coprocessor platform operating at a conservative speed of 50 MHz can calculate the Kirchhoff summations for 50 million points per second, which is about 15.6 times faster than a referential 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 workstation. The impressive performance of the proposed platform implies its broad applications in seismic data processing industry.
Central nervous system infection due to clostridium septicum : A case report and review of the literature

A patient with end stage breast cancer was admitted to hospital due to fever, chills, multiply eroded discharging wounds, and sudden onset of left hemiparesis. Clostridium septicum bacteremia and brain abscess were diagnosed. The patient was treated successfully with intravenous penicillin and clindamycin and stereotactic aspiration of the abscess. Eleven cases of C. septicum central nervous system infection are reviewed. They showed an extremely fulminant course and high fatality. Nevertheless, some relationship seems to exist between outcome and type of brain lesion. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with central nervous system infection is also discussed, because all these cases in the literature were due to this organism. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics, are the key to improving the prognosis. A long-term prophylactic oral antimicrobial agent is suggested for patients who survive this infection.
FoxO4 inhibits atherosclerosis through its function in bone marrow derived cells

Objectives FoxO proteins are transcription factors involved in varieties of cellular processes, including immune cell homeostasis, cytokine production, anti-oxidative stress, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Although these processes are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis, very little is known about the role of FoxO proteins in the context of atherosclerosis. Our objectives were to determine whether and how inactivation of Foxo4, a member of the FoxO family, in vivo promotes atherosclerosis.
Infinite networks of positive operators

Infinite resistive networks have recently been analyzed by H. Flanders. The present work is an extension of Flanders results in three directions: (1)It analyzes the more general case where the resistances in the network are positive bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H and the currents and voltages are members of H. (2)An infinite number of sources is now allowed. (3)The network is permitted to have finite loops of doubly infinite paths consisting entirely of short circuits. Conditions are developed under which existence and uniqueness theorems for the set of branch currents can be stated. These conditions include the requirement that all branch resistances be either zero or invertible. The situation where some or all of the resistances have nontrivial null spaces is also considered. In those cases where the branch currents need not be unique for a given set of sources, the difference between two possible current distributions can be characterized as a current distribution that produces zero voltage drops in all branches. An application to time-varying resistive networks containing switches is also given.
Active-matrix organic light-emitting displays on flexible metal foils

This paper describes the development of a 3.5 inch diagonal Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Display on flexible metal foils. The active matrix array had the VGA format and was fabricated using the polysilicon TFT technology. The advantages that the metal foil substrates offer for flexible display applications will first be discussed, followed by a discussion on the multilayer coatings that were investigated in order to achieve a high quality insulating layer on the metal foil substrate prior to TFT fabrication. Then the polysilicon TFT device performance will be presented as a function of the polysilicon crystallization method. Both laser crystallized polysilicon and solid phased crystallized polysilicon films were investigated for the TFT device fabrication. Due to the opaque nature of the metal foil substrates the display had a top emission structure. Both small molecule and polymer based organic material were investigated for the display emissive part. The former were evaporated while the latter were applied by spin-cast. Various transparent multi-layer metal films were investigated as the top cathode. The approach used to package the finished AMOLED display in order to protect the organic layers from environmental degradation will be described. The display had integrated polysilicon TFT scan drivers consisting of shift registers and buffers but external data drivers. The driving approach of the display will be discussed in detail. The performance of the finished display will be discussed as a function of the various materials and fabrication processes that were investigated.
The EPR spectra of COS− and CS−2 on magnesium oxide

Abstract The EPR spectra of COS − and CS − 2 on MgO have been observed following reaction of the neutral molecules with electrons trapped at the surface. The spectra are characterized by g zz = 2.0022, g xx = 2.0049 and g yy = 1.986 for COS − and g zz = 1.9999, g xx = 2.0078 and g yy = 1.963 for CS − 2 . Both ions are much less stable than the previously detected CO − 2 radical on MgO.
“Zincone” Zinc Oxide−Organic Hybrid Polymer Thin Films Formed by Molecular Layer Deposition

Hybrid organic−inorganic polymer thin films of the form (−O−Zn−O−C2H4−)n have been deposited from diethyl zinc and ethylene glycol using molecular layer deposition (MLD) over a range of substrate temperatures between 100 and 170 °C. Infrared transmission confirms that the films consist of Zn−O and ethylene-oxide units. In analogy with known alucone polymers of the form (−O−Al−O−R−)n, the zinc-based hybrid material is an example of a “zincone” polymer. In situ quartz crystal microbalance analysis indicated that the sequential surface reactions of diethyl zinc and ethylene glycol are sufficiently self-limiting and saturating to enable well-controlled MLD growth. Quantitative analysis of in situ quartz crystal microbalance and film thickness results indicate that ethylene glycol molecules can undergo a “double reaction” where the OH groups on both ends of the diol react with available Zn−C2H5 surface sites to produce a relatively inert bridging alkane. The mass uptake per MLD cycle during Zn−hybrid film depo...
Polyandry and Incest Avoidance in the Cooperative Stripe-Backed Wren of Venezuela

We made behavioral observations in 37 social groups of the communal stripe-backed wren during 1990 and 1991 to investigate the recently-discovered shared paternity between dominant and subordinate males (or "SMs"). We found two distinct kinds of social groups that differed in terms of social behavior: "mother" groups, which contained only subordinate males that were sons of the dominant female (termed "DF-sons"), and "stepmother" groups, which contained at least one subordinate male unrelated to the dominant female (termed "DF-stepsons"). In mother groups only dominant males courted dominant females, mate-guarding was infrequent and aggression by dominant males toward other males was absent. On the other hand, stepmother groups were characterized by frequent association with and courtship of dominant females ("DFs") by both dominant males ("DMs") and DF-stepsons and relatively frequent aggression by dominant males toward DF-stepsons. DF-stepsons, moreover, sired 15% of all young in stepmother groups. Thus, incest avoidance dictated the behavior of subordinate males, and the mating system in wren groups was either monogamous or polyandrous, depending upon the relatedness between subordinate males and the dominant female.
Exploration Is Sufficient but Not Necessary for Navigation with Landmarks in the House Mouse (Mus musculus)

Abstract Exploration is a locomotor and scanning behavior accompanied by the acquisition of information that can be used for topographic orientation and homing. Our experiments demonstrate that the exploring house mouse ( Mus musculus ) learns the use of distal landmarks for short-range homing. However, mice that had no exploratory experience at all also learned how to use distal landmarks for homing while shuttling between two goals. In addition, exploration-based knowledge in itself appears to be weak or provisional. Whereas one straight line path integration is strong enough to override orientation by distal landmarks based on 1 day of exploration, prolonged straight line shuttling results in navigation by distal landmarks that is strong enough to override path integration based on prolonged straight line shuttling. We conclude that exploratory behavior by itself is sufficient, but not necessary, for learning the use of distal landmarks for navigation within the home range.
Final Height Outcomes of Hypopituitary Children after Growth Hormone (GH) treatment during the Pituitary GH (pGH) and Recombinant GH (rGH) eras 402

The goal of this study was to compare the adult height outcomes of 201 hypopituitary children treated at CHOB with standardized doses of either pGH (n=106, 0.3u/kg/week = 0.15 mg/kg/wk rGH approximately, three times weekly (TIW), IM or SC) or rGH (n=95, 0.3 mg/kg/wk TIW or daily SC). During the pGH era (1964-1985) GH treatment was given 9 -12 months each year in contrast to the rGH era when treatment was continuous. All patients exhibited a peak GH response to two provocative tests of <10 ng/ml(polyclonal radioimmunoassay).
Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus have impaired ability to mediate vasodilation.

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine vasomotor responses mediated by platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus. Background. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which in part may be due to a variety of abnormalities reported in diabetic platelets. However, the effects of diabetic platelets on vasomotor tone have not been characterized. Methods. We compared platelet-mediated vasodilation elicited by platelets isolated from 30 healthy volunteers and 29 patients with diabetes mellitus as they were perfused through a preconstricted normal rabbit carotid artery. Results. Platelets from the diabetic patients mediated an impaired dilatory response in comparison with normal platelets: 2.7 ± 2% versus 15.8 ± 3.4% (p Conclusions. Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus have an impaired ability to mediate vasodilation. This impairment appears to be mediated by high glucose concentration. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms for this abnormality in diabetic platelets.
Prevalence and Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major public health problem in terms of its prevalence and in terms of individual suffering and cost to society. Best estimates indicate 12-month prevalence rates of approximately 3% for Stage 1 TRD (failure to respond to 1 adequate trial of an antidepressant) and approximately 2% for Stage 2 TRD (failure to respond to 2 adequate trials). The current article provides a brief review of the definitions, prevalence, and various treatment options for TRD, including switching, augmentation, and combination therapies and use of nonpharmacologic treatments. Given the public health importance of TRD, the relative absence of adequately powered, double-blind trials is striking.
Citizenry and the State in the Shaping of Environmental Policy

My aim is to explore the historical relationships between citizens and their governments in shaping policies that affect their environments. Although today we recognize the important role of citizen action in the American environmental arena, we tend to view it as a hallmark of the third conservation (or environmental) movement, beginning in the 196os. As a people, we do not really appreciate the extent to which our centuries-long skepticism of governmental authorityour preference for a limited state-has necessitated a concomitantly strong tradition of civic involvement in the affairs of our communities and our nation. My thoughts on this matter have been stimulated by several opportunities in the last decade to teach environmental history abroad in countries as diverse as China, Finland, and South Africa. To view one's own country from overseas, especially through the lens of students with different perspectives, is a sobering yet rewarding experience. China suffers from severe environmental problems: agricultural land reduced from about one-fifth to one-tenth of a hectare per capita as the population has exploded since 1949; forests disappearing; most of the rivers, lakes, and airsheds severely polluted; a burgeoning economy and consumer revolution that promise even more environmental stress. Yet there seems to be relatively little consciousness of these problems among the general public. That is not true of the government, which in 1979 appropriated virtually the entire complex of land, water, and air pollution laws, standards, and criteria as they existed in the United States at that time.' What China lacks is an environmental movement, or any kind of organized commitment on the part of ordinary citizens to deal with these challenges. In fact, autonomous organizations are actively discouraged. Although laws are in place, individuals and state-run entities frequently flaunt them. When I first vis
Polarization Potentials and Transport Properties of Normal He 3

Scattering amplitudes for quasiparticles in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ are constructed from the previously determined polarization potentials of Aldrich and Pines. The calculated results for the thermal conductivity, viscosity, spin diffusion, and normal-state quasiparticle lifetime of normal $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ at all pressures up to 34 atm are in good agreement with experiment.
Polyoxomolybdate clusters and copper–organonitrogen complexes as building blocks for the construction of composite solids

Abstract The influences of ligand coordination modes on the oxide microstructures in the copper molybdate system were investigated. Rigid bridging ligands such as 4,4′-bypyridine (4,4′-bpy) and 2,4,6-tripyridyltriazine (tptz) afford polymeric cationic substructures with Cu(I) which provide scaffoldings for the entrainment and modification of the molybdenum oxide microstructure. These structural influences are manifested in [{Cu(4,4′-bpy)}2Mo2O7] (MOXI-45) and [{Cu(tptz)}2Mo6O19] (MOXI-46). In contrast, ligands such as pyridine (py) which do not effect the construction of polymeric substructures provide molecular building blocks which combine with the molybdenum oxide motifs in a less predictable fashion. Thus, [{Cu(py)}4Mo8O26] (MOXI-47) is constructed from octamolybdate clusters linked by {Cu(py)}+1 fragments into a virtual two-dimensional network. The interplay of ligand geometry and bonding mode and of metal coordination preferences plays an important role in the structure of [{Cu2(tpypz)(H2O)2}Mo8O26] (MOXI-44), the unique example of a Cu(II)-containing material, with the binucleating tetrapyridylpyrazine ligand (tpypz) providing the organic building unit. The overall structure reflects the binucleating role of the ligand and the distorted octahedral geometry of the Cu(II) centers. The importance of hydrothermal techniques in effecting the syntheses of such composite materials is also discussed.
Liquid sedimentation analysis: media conductivity and particle size effects

Abstract Size distributions by weight for two samples of spherical glass beads were obtained by a modified Andreason pipet technique using sedimentation media of specific conductivities of from about 10−6 to 10−2 ohm−1 cm−1. For the larger beads (about 25 μm Stokes' diameter), all the determinations led to approximately the same particle size distribution which was itself in essential agreement with the result obtained from Coulter Counter analysis of the beads. The smaller beads (about 13 μm Stokes' diameter) gave varying estimates of the particle size distribution depending on the specific conductivity of the sedimentation medium. The results obtained using a medium with specific conductivity of about 10−2 ohm−1 cm−1 (0.1 N KCl) were in agreement with the Coulter Counter results. These results are consonant with the presence of an electrical force acting on sedimenting particles in addition to gravity and viscous drag. They also illustrate the necessity of ensuring that electrical forces are minimized when using liquid sedimentation for particle size distribution determinations.
Subject loss in spatial analysis of breast cancer.

Abstract Possible selection bias from assignment of latitude–longitude coordinates to the place of residence of all Connecticut women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1992 to 1995 (N=11,470) was evaluated. Exact address-matching was accomplished for 8,121 records (70.8%) and an additional 1,722 records (15.0%) were matched using relaxed criteria. We did not address-match 1,627 records (14.1%) due to missing address information or limitations of the Geographic Information Systems street file. The age-adjusted likelihood of address-matching records was significantly greater for women of color, those born within Connecticut, residents of urban locales or census tracts with low median family incomes and those cases diagnosed nearer to 1992. Few differences in address-matching were attributable to tumor characteristics or therapeutic modality.
The cognitive neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A critical review

Abstract For over a quarter century, a substantial body of literature investigating neuropsychological test performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has yielded inconsistent results. Thus, it has been continuously challenging to draw conclusions regarding an OCD-specific neuropsychological profile. In this comprehensive review of the neuropsychological literature in OCD, we critically review neuropsychological test performance by domain, as well as potential moderators of neuropsychological functions, proposed endophenotypes, neuropsychological predictors of treatment response, and contemporary controversies in the field. Previous qualitative/systematic reviews of this body of literature have repeatedly noted its inconsistency, concluding that more research is needed. Unfortunately, the accumulation of neuropsychological research is OCD has not yet promoted our ability to draw conclusions about a distinct neuropsychological profile of OCD. Thus, we conclude this review with novel suggestions for future investigations.
Pollution prevention applications in construction and water resource management

The article discusses selected pollution prevention applications and opportunities in the fields of construction and water resource management, fields with which the term pollution prevention is not typically associated. The article targets an audience composed of professionals who have an interest in these fields and begins by presenting a brief background on pollution prevention with this audience in mind. How pollution prevention principles and practices may be incorporated into construction and water resource management is then discussed. The main themes touched upon fall into the categories of conservation of resources, thoughtful and efficient design, use of recycled materials in construction, life-cycle considerations, and sustainable development. Several major work areas within the overall scope are selected for more detailed development to demonstrate the application of pollution prevention principles. Areas of emphasis include building design and construction, pavements, highways, bridges, stormwater management, wastewater reuse, and pipeline construction. A literature review style is used to briefly present substantial portions of the information.
NEW AND EMERGING THERAPIES FOR COLLAGEN-VASCULAR DISEASES

Cutaneous disease is frequent in many of the rheumatic disorders, 2 and some of these disorders, such as lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, and vasculitis, are defined by their cutaneous manifestations. As investigation increases the understanding of these disorders, available therapies become more logically based and less empiric.
Understanding management data systems for enterprise performance management

Purpose – Managing enterprise performance is an important, yet a difficult process due to its complexity. The process involves monitoring the strategic focus of an enterprise, whose performance is measured from the analysis of data generated from a wide range of interrelated business activities performed at different levels within the enterprise. This study aims to investigate management data systems technologies in terms of how they are used and the issues that are related to their effective management within the broader context of enterprise performance management (EPM).Design/methodology/approach – A range of recently published research literature on data warehousing, online analytic processing and EPM is reviewed to explore their current state, issues and challenges learned from their practice.Findings – The findings of the study are reported in two parts. The first part discusses the current business practices of these technologies, and the second part identifies and discusses the issues and challeng...
Searching for Kinship The Creation of Street Families Among Homeless Youth

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 homeless youth, this study depicts a unique aspect of homeless youth street culture—the formation of “street families.” This article examines youth's motivations for creating street families, their organization and maintenance, and the role gender plays in adopting familial identities. Although many homeless adolescents come from dysfunctional families, street family members often recreate traditional family roles. Membership often mitigates the demands of street life, yet intragroup violence/victimization is common. The findings highlight the unique nature of street families and implications for research, policy, and practice, including the need for involving peers in intervention efforts.
Residential Property Values and the Built Environment: Empirical Study in the Boston, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Area

By taking advantage of two recent data sets with exceptional spatial detail, this research is a comprehensive and spatially disaggregate study of the relationship between the built environment and residential property values in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. The study computes 27 built environment variables at a 250 m x 250 m grid cell level, uses factor analysis to extract five built environment factors to mitigate multicollinearity, and integrates built environment factors into hedonic price models. Spatial regression techniques are applied to correct spatial autocorrelation. Residential property values are found to be positively associated with accessibility to transit and jobs, connectivity, and walkability and negatively related to auto dominance. Built environment effects depend on neighborhood characteristics.
Visual Analytics Clarify The Scalability And Effectiveness Of Massively Parallel Many-Objective Optimization: A Groundwater Monitoring Design Example

Abstract In this study, we contribute a comprehensive framework for simultaneously assessing solution quality and scalability for massively parallel multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA)-based search using a highly challenging optimization—assimilation application. Visual analytics are used to evaluate how changes in search metric performance relate to actual decision relevant changes in the Pareto approximate set. The application focuses on a four objective groundwater monitoring application in which parallel scalability is tested across compute core counts ranging from 64 to a maximum of 8192. This study demonstrates that parallel search performance must be assessed in terms of how well speedup is exploited to improve the quality of search results and that solely focusing on differences in computational time can be deceptive. Our results demonstrate how visualization can clarify when an MOEA’s search shifts from “translating” the approximation set to “diversifying” its coverage over the extent of the objectives. This is an important observation. If shorter parallel run durations are required, the rapid early translation of the set may yield a reasonable approximation of the Pareto approximate set where further search is unnecessary. Although a groundwater application is used to demonstrate our parallelization, the visual analytics and metrics utilized to characterize the parallel scalability of MOEA-based search are broadly applicable in water resources and beyond.
Abstract 1451: DAB2IP, a novel tumor suppressor protein modulates prostate cancer cell death in response to the combined treatment of ionizing radiation and a DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7441

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy (25%) and the second leading cause of cancer-related death (10%) in U.S. men. Radiation treatment, which is noninvasive and well tolerated, is one of the front line therapeutic interventions in the management of localized PCa. However, significant proportions of high-risk patients fail therapy and develop metastatic disease. DAB2IP, which is a novel member of the Ras GTPase-activating protein family and a regulator of PI3K/Akt activity, is often downregulated and associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). The purpose of this study is to investigate the radio-sensitizing property of a novel DNA-PKcs inhibitor, NU7441, in DAB2IP- deficient human PCa cells. Methods: We have developed DAB2IP deficient and proficient PCa cell lines (C4-2, PC3) for this study. We performed clonogenic surviving fraction analysis, DNA double strand break repair kinetics, cell cycle analysis, TUNEL assays, immunofluorescence, immunoblot, apoptosis and autophagy assays to investigate the mechanism of radiosensitization of NU7441 in these PCa cells. Results: Clonogenic surviving fraction analysis indicates a strong radiosensitizing ability of NU7441 in PCa cells deficient in DAB2IP. This is primarily due to robust G2-M block and persistent DNA double strand break in response to the combined treatment of radiation and NU7441. We clearly demonstrate that the presence of DAB2IP modulates prostate cancer cell death when treated with radiation and NU7441. Apoptotic cell death was prominent in PCa cells proficient in DAB2IP whereas, robust autophagic cell death was noticed in DAB2IP deficient PCa cells. Conclusion: Our study clearly shows that NU7441, a novel DNA-PKcs inhibitor, is a potent radiosensitizer in aggressive PCa cells. Furthermore, our study indicates that DAB2IP may act as an important factor in PCa cell death after combined treatment Nu7441 and radiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1451. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1451
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Light Responses in Melanopsin-Expressing Ganglion Cells During Mouse Development

Melanopsin (Opn4) is a photopigment found in a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that project to various brain areas. These neurons are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs) and are implicated in nonimage-forming responses to environmental light such as the pupillary light reflex and circadian entrainment. Recent evidence indicates that ipRGCs respond to light at birth, but questions remain as to whether and when they undergo significant functional changes. We used bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis to engineer a mouse line in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is expressed under the control of the melanopsin promoter. Double immunolabeling for EGFP and melanopsin demonstrates their colocalization in ganglion cells of mutant mouse retinas. Electrophysiological recordings of ipRGCs in neonatal mice (postnatal day 0 [P0] to P7) demonstrated that these cells responded to light with small and sluggish depolarization. However, starting at P11 we observed ipRGCs that responded to light with a larger and faster onset ( 2.5 s) and offset (>10 s) depolarization, revealing the intrinsic, melanopsin-mediated light responses. The extrinsic, cone/rod influence on ipRGCs correlates with their extensive dendritic stratification in the inner plexiform layer. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ipRGCs make use of melanopsin for phototransduction before eye opening and that these cells further integrate signals derived from the outer retina as the retina matures.
The risk of subsequent primary carcinoma of the pancreas in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma

BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the pancreas is the fifth leading cancer in the U. S. and has the poorest survival rate of the major malignancies. Recent studies have reported an increased risk of carcinoma of the pancreas in malignant melanoma-prone kindreds and have suggested a link between malignant melanoma and pancreas carcinoma and mutations in the p16INK4 gene. This study evaluates the risk of carcinoma of the pancreas in a population-based cohort of patients with malignant melanoma. METHODS The malignant melanoma patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute. The cohort was followed within the SEER system to ascertain the occurrence of subsequent microscopically confirmed primary carcinoma of the pancreas from January 1973 through December 1993. The time of follow-up was expressed as person-years of observation. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS There were 43,781 malignant melanoma patients providing 263,528 person-years of follow-up. A nearly 2-fold increased risk of subsequent carcinoma of the pancreas in patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma before age 50 years was observed (SIR = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.80-3.34) and the greatest estimated risk occurred in young white females (SIR = 2.27; 95% CI = 0.73-5.30). CONCLUSIONS These results provide some evidence in support of observations in recent studies that not only a family history of malignant melanoma but also malignant melanoma diagnosed at an early age may be associated with the subsequent development of carcinoma of the pancreas. Further research with larger numbers of melanoma patients is necessary to explore these potential associations. Cancer 1998;82:1672-6. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
On particle acceleration and radiation output in stochastic electromagnetic fields

We demonstrate that when charged particles interact with a plane electromagnetic wave which possesses a random amplitude, then the particles are accelerated to high energy because they are pushed along by the wave's Poynting vector. Not only are they so accelerated, as they are carried along by the wave, but also they diffuse at right angles to the direction of the Poynting flux (i.e. in the direction of the wave's electric field). The ultimate energy that such particles can reach is determined when they radiate as much energyper unit time as they receive from the plane wave. For numbers believed typical of the Crab nebula this ultimate energy is of order 1010mc2. We have done these calculations to show that turbulent electromagnetic waves are quite efficient in generating high energy particles from low energy particles. Thus when the low frequency coherent waves emitted by a magnetized rotating neutron star are turned into incoherent waves because of wave-plasma interactions in a surrounding nebula, they still accelerate particles to rather high energies. Accordingly, while it obviously takes less time to produce high energy particles with a coherent wave than with a turbulent wave, the calculations given here show that the bulk of the relativistic electrons in the Crab nebula could still be energized by the turbulent remnants of a coherent wave.
In Defense of Dissemination of Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions

Misconceptions apparent in Garfield's comments on the report of the Division 12 Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures are corrected. Issues concerning the use of manuals in psychotherapy training and practice and the value of specific treatments for specific problems are discussed.
Estrogen and the subcellular distribution of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone: Rate sedimentation studies

Abstract Rate sedimentation of the 900×G supernatants (S 1 ) of hypothalamic homogenates from untreated male rats or ovariectomized rats with or without 5 μg estradiol benzoate (EB) revealed two populations of LHRH particles: a minor, slowly sedimenting one (peak 1) and a major, more rapidly sedimenting one (peak 2). Some LHRH-containing material also sedimented to the bottom of the gradient. The ovariectomized rats displayed more heterogeneity of particulate LHRH than did the male rats. Furthermore, the administration of EB to ovariectomized rats altered the relative sedimentation pattern of LHRH. In ovariectomized rats, hypotonic shock of S 1 prior to rate sedimentation eliminated peak 2 and post-peak 2 LHRH and increased free LHRH at the top of the gradient. Peak 1 LHRH was still present and was elevated after EB treatment. Also, EB treatment lowered the free LHRH at the top of the gradient. These data demonstrate that the administration of EB to an ovariectomized rat alters the subcellular distribution of LHRH.
Five Position Triad Synthesis With Applications to Four- and Six-Bar Mechanisms

The displacement equations for trials with motion generation and prescribed timing capabilities are developed and cast in polynomial forms. These equations are solved for five precision points using a continuation method. A detailed description of the method used to generate the solution curves is provided in the paper. Two infinities of solutions can be obtained for the problem under consideration as we are solving four equations in six unknowns. The solution procedure discussed is applied to synthesize a four-bar function generating mechanisms and a six-bar mechanism.
Vesicular Trafficking Defects, Developmental Abnormalities, and Alterations in the Cellular Death Process Occur in Cell Lines that Over-Express Dictyostelium GTPase, Rab2, and Rab2 Mutants.

Small molecular weight GTPase Rab2 has been shown to be a resident of pre-Golgi intermediates and required for protein transport from the ER to the Golgi complex, however, the function of Rab2 in Dictyostelium has yet to be fully characterized. Using cell lines that over-express DdRab2, as well as cell lines over-expressing constitutively active (CA), and dominant negative (DN) forms of the GTPase, we report a functional role in vesicular transport specifically phagocytosis, and endocytosis. Furthermore, Rab2 like other GTPases cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. We found that this GTP/GDP cycle for DdRab2 is crucial for normal Dictyostelium development and cell–cell adhesion. Similar to Rab5 and Rab7 in C. elegans, we found that DdRab2 plays a role in programmed cell death, possibly in the phagocytic removal of apoptotic corpses.
Spectroscopic evidence for charge-transfer complexation in monoclonal antibodies that bind opiates

Molecular complexes of four monoclonal anti-morphine antibodies (mAb) with the opiate ligands morphine, oxymorphone, and naloxone were studied using UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Although strong overlaps in the absorption spectra of the antibodies, ligands, and complexes were observed, a curve-fitting method was developed to correlate the absorbance with the concentration of the ligand-antibody complex. Using this technique, we determined the intrinsic association constants for the mAb with morphine to be in the nanomolar range, while association constants for oxymorphone and naloxone were in the micromolar range. These values were found to be in agreement with previous radioimmunoassay determinations. We also observed different changes in the absorbancy of the mAb upon complexation with different ligands and such changes were found to be different for all four mAb examined. Upon complexation with the ligand morphine, two of the mAb (clone numbers MOR368-21 and MOR10.5) displayed distinct charge-transfer spectral bands in the 320-nm region. These observations suggest that mAb binding site tryptophans may participate in the formation of the antibody-ligand complex and such complexation involves a charge-transfer interaction.
Prostaglandin E2 administration prevents bone loss induced by orchidectomy in rats

The objects of this study were to investigate whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can prevent orchidectomy (ORX)-induced cancellous bone loss in growing male rats, and to determine the differential effects of PGE2 on sham-operated (sham) and ORX male rats. Fourteen-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into groups of basal, vehicle-treated sham, PGE2-treated sham, vehicle-treated ORX, and PGE2-treated ORX rats for either 3 or 9 weeks. PGE2 was given at 6 mg/kg body weight daily by subcutaneous injection. Static and dynamic cancellous bone histomorphometry were performed on double-fluorescent labeled undecalcified proximal tibial metaphyseal sections. No effect was observed by ORX on body weight or longitudinal bone growth rate when compared with sham-operated controls. However, androgen deficiency caused significant increases in percent eroded perimeter, mineral apposition rate, and bone turnover (bone-volume-referent-bone formation rate), which resulted in a significant decrease in trabecular bone number, increase in trabecular separation, and a nonsignificant decrease in trabecular bone area by 3 weeks of ORX. After 9 weeks of ORX, trabecular bone area and number were significantly decreased, and trabecular separation, percent eroded perimeter, and the index of bone turnover (bone-volume-referent-bone formation rate) remained significantly increased while the index of bone formation (tissue-volume-referent-bone formation rate) was nonsignificantly decreased when compared with sham controls. When 6 mg PGE2/kg/day was given for 3 and 9 weeks, similar anabolic effects were observed in sham and ORX rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Significance Of Persisting Serologic Abnormalities In SLE

The significance of abnormal serum anti-DNA and complement levels persisting in SLE patients on treatment has been explored. Instances when serologic abnormalities returned to normal were followed by a significantly longer mean duration of remission. When anti-DNA persisted at abnormal levels, a more severe exacerbation was likely to follow, although this result was not the case for persisting hypocomplementemia. These data did not result from two variants of SLE, one mild and one severe, because druation of remission correlated directly with dosage of steroid. Randomly discovered abnormalities in anti-DNA and complement levels were of limited predictive value, because they frequently persisted for over 1 year before exacerbations occurred. Hypocomplementemia resolved spontaneously without recognizable exacerbation in nearly half the observed instances.