cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational Energy Transfer Modeling of Nonequilibrium Polyatomic Reaction Systems

The use of energy transfer data and models in describing nonequilibrium polyatomic reaction systems is discussed with particular emphasis on the information needed for modeling vibrational energy transfer. In the discussion, it is pointed out that key areas of energy transfer knowledge are still lacking and the available experimental data are limited in scope and are of uneven quality. Despite these limitations, it is still possible to carry out meaningful simulations of chemical systems in which vibrational energy transfer is important. The vibrational energy master equation, which is the basis for modeling, and various experiments and calculations that provide the basis for practical energy transfer models and parametrizations are described. Two examples of gas phase reaction systems are presented in which vibrational energy transfer is important. The decomposition of norbornene shows how energy transfer parameters can be obtained from measurements of shock-induced chemical reactions, but even the best ...
Effect of rapid solidification on mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys

Mechanical properties of β-phase shape memory alloys with the addition of small amounts of chromium or zirconium were studied at various temperatures. In addition to the conventional casting process, Cu-Al-Ni-Zr alloys were produced by rapidly solidified processes, including the gas atomization and melt spinning methods. Buck materials were also made by hot-press sintering from the Cu-Al-Ni-Zr alloy powders and chopped ribbons. It was found that the brittleness of Cu-Al-Ni alloys was improved by the addition of either chromium or zirconium. It is suggested that this improvement is due to increase of grain-boundary strength, not just because of grain refining. The better mechanical properties were obtained in the rapidly solidified and sintered alloys which show fine grain size, fracture strength as high as 780 MPa and 7% fracture strain.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone unresponsiveness: Report of a girl with excessive growth and review of 16 reported cases

A 4 9/12-year-old girl is described who developed vomiting, obtundation, convulsions, hypoglycemia, hyperpigmentation, and excessive growth after 11 months of age. She failed to elaborate cortisol following ACTH stimulation but could conserve salt and increase aldosterone production following salt deprivation. Secretory rates of desoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were normal on a normal salt diet. An explanation for her excessive growth was not evident. A sister, who had hypoglycemia and hyperpigmentation, died suddenly at age 2 1/2 years. The disorder is probably due to a failure in utero of the adrenal glands to respond to ACTH and to differentiate into the normal zones of the adrenal cortex. The clinical features of 16 reported pediatric cases are summarized. Evidence concerning the pathogenesis of this disease is reviewed.
Bridging the Design Gap: The Case of the Nepali Clothing Industry

AbstractModern fashion designing in Nepal has not necessarily sought to replace local with global, nor has it adhered to traditional arts and crafts in a rigid way. Rather, industrial globalization has prompted a reworking of cultural icons into contemporary designs, drawing on historic, cultural, and social legacies. In this context, craft is not necessarily isolated from mass production; Nepalese clothes-making, the case study in question here, illustrates a complex crisscrossing between the two. Against the background of industrial organization engineered by state policies and international trade agreements, the production of ethno-contemporary clothing in Nepal has abandoned the economic bifurcation of “traditional” and “modern,” as well as “local” and “global,” to adapt to a multiplicity of patronages, alliances, and rivalries that form a complete industrial ecosystem of design. This article is an investigation into the symbolic and material aspects of craft modernization in Nepal, and it contributes...
Immunotherapy of cancer with thymosin

Bovine thymosin fraction 5, a partially purified thymic extract, has been employed in phase I and phase II clinical studies in immunodeficient cancer patients. Some improvement in cell-mediated immune functional parameters has been seen, notably an increase in percentages of peripheral blood T lymphocytes as detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. Thymosin-induced rosette-forming cell increases demonstrated in vitro prior to the institution of thymosin treatment generally were predictive of those patients who showed the in vivo rise in circulating T cells following thymosin administration. Although some patients exhibited clinical improvement, it is still too early to infer from these open studies whether or not these improvements can be attributed to thymosin treatment. Well-controlled randomized trials are in progress to objectively examine the clinical efficacy of thymosin fraction 5 therapy in cancer patients.
A general scheme for constructing skeleton models

Abstract A general scheme which constructs connected skeleton models from digital images is presented. The scheme comprises three stages: 1. (1) a distance transformation to obtain skeleton points, 2. (2) extraction of the connected skeleton, and 3. (3) construction of the model. First, distance transformations and thinning algorithms are discussed. An isotropic thinning algorithm is then presented. Based on this algorithm, an algorithm to extract the connected skeleton is described. It is followed by the definition of a formal skeleton model and the model construction algorithm. The relation between thinning operations and distance transforms is also discussed.
Mesoscale distributions of ultraviolet spectral irradiance, actinic flux, and photolysis rates derived from multispectral satellite data and radiative transfer models

Global atmospheric trends in ozone column amount have focused attention on the environmental risk of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Monitoring UV irradiance in diverse and remote locations is necessary to understand the variability of exposure, dose rates, and resultant vulnerability of ecological systems. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) UV-B Monitoring Program maintains a wide network for ground-based continuous measurement of solar radiation in several wavelengths of interest for photosynthesis, plant growth, UV exposure to humans, and photochemistry. This network provides data for analysis of UV climatology and trends at those sites. A satellite-based method to produce mesoscale-resolution mapped distributions of UV spectral irradiance has been developed that utilizes this network data for verification. The methodology combines radiative transfer modeling, multispectral image pixel classification, cloud optical depth retrievals, and auxiliary remote sensing data. Retrieved parameters are compared with ground-based measurements from the USDA network instrumentation at two sites [Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska; 65.12 deg N, 147.43 deg W, 550 m mean sea level (MSL); and Storm Peak Laboratory, Colorado, 40.45 deg N, 106.73 deg W, 3220 m MSL]. The results are used to evaluate the effects of cloud distribution and surface albedo in determining mesoscale variability of UV exposure and photolysis rates in high-latitude and high-altitude environments.
TBL1 and TBLR1 Phosphorylation on Regulated Gene Promoters Overcomes Dual CtBP and NCoR/SMRT Transcriptional Repression Checkpoints

A key strategy to achieve regulated gene expression in higher eukaryotes is to prevent illegitimate signal-independent activation by imposing robust control on the dismissal of corepressors. Here, we report that many signaling pathways, including Notch, NFkB, and nuclear receptor ligands, are subjected to a dual repression “check point” based on distinct corepressor complexes. Gene activation requires the release of both CtBP1/2- and NCoR/SMRT-dependent repression, through the coordinate action of two highly related exchange factors, the transducer β-like proteins TBL1 and TBLR1, that license ubiquitylation and degradation of CtBP1/2 and NCoR/SMRT, respectively. Intriguingly, their function and differential specificity resides in only five specific Ser/Thr phosphorylation site differences, regulated by direct phosphorylation at the level of the promoter, as exemplified by the role of PKCδ in TBLR1-dependent dismissal of NCoR. Thus, our data reveal a strategy of dual- factors repression checkpoints, in which dedicated exchange factors serve as sensors for signal- specific dismissal of distinct corepressors, with specificity imposed by upstream signaling pathways.
The basis of color in muscle foods.

The basis of color in heme‐pigmented muscle food resides in the physicochemical/electromagnetic properties of the intracellular oxygen‐carrying heme protein, myoglobin. This critical review of pertinent recent literature explores and attempts to interrelate properties of this color‐imparting molecule in the context of the underlying nature of red meat color and factors promoting stability and instability.
A lightweight argument system with efficient verifier

In the Cloud Computing paradigm, users outsource computational tasks from relatively weaker devices to more powerful but untrusted servers. While outsourcing computation provides appealing benefits, natural concerns arise regarding the the correctness of the result. One of the most recent solutions to this problem comes in the form argument systems, which combine commitment protocols and linear probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs). Although significant efforts have been made to enhance the practicality of argument systems for outsourced computation, the high cost still stymies the successful adoption of argument systems for real-world cloud-based applications. However, we observe that the most burdensome part in a linear PCP protocol - the generation of the queries for circuit tests - is highly redundant. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a novel commitment protocol which provides inherent circuit tests. Based on this commitment protocol, we develop a new light-weight argument system in which an efficient verifier can generate PCP queries for the circuit tests without having to read the circuit and perform weighted summations on the circuit's gate constraints every time a new query is generated.
Neighborhood Diversity, Metropolitan Constraints, and Household Migration

Focusing on micro-level processes of residential segregation, this analysis combines data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics with contextual information from three censuses and several other sources to examine patterns of residential mobility between neighborhoods populated by different combinations of racial and ethnic groups. We find that despite the emergence of multiethnic neighborhoods, stratified mobility dynamics continue to dominate, with relatively few black or white households moving into neighborhoods that could be considered multiethnic. However, we also find that the tendency for white and black households to move between neighborhoods dominated by their own group varies significantly across metropolitan areas. Black and white households' mobility into more integrated neighborhoods is shaped substantially by demographic, economic, political, and spatial features of the broader metropolitan area. Metropolitan-area racial composition, the stock of new housing, residential separation of black and white households, poverty rates, and functional specialization emerge as particularly important predictors. These macro-level effects reflect opportunities for intergroup residential contact as well as structural forces that maintain residential segregation.
Eicosanoid regulation of pulmonary innate immunity post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic option for a number of malignant and inherited disorders. However, the efficacy of this therapy is limited by a number of serious infectious and noninfectious complications. Pulmonary infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality post-HSCT and can occur both pre- and post-hematopoietic reconstitution. Susceptibility to Gram-negative bacterial infections despite full hematopoietic engraftment suggests that innate immunity remains impaired months to years post-HSCT. This review will describe the process and complications of HSCT and will summarize what is known about innate immune reconstitution post-HSCT. Data from the literature as well as our own laboratory will be presented to suggest that an eicosanoid imbalance characterized by over-production of prostaglandins and under-production of leukotrienes leads to impaired lung phagocyte function post-HSCT. Of therapeutic interest, strategies which limit production of prostaglandins can improve pulmonary host defense in animal HSCT models, which suggests that this may also be beneficial for human HSCT recipients.
Determination of the crystallographic directions and planes of features and of the misorientations of crystals with high accuracy and internal estimation of errors

Techniques are given for maximizing the accuracy of crystallographic measurements in the transmission electron microscope. In particular, line directions, plane orientations, and crystal misorientations are treated, and for each case the methods of data collection, refinement, and error estimation are given. These methods represent generalizations of Ball's optimizing crystallographic technique (Ball: Philos. Mag. A44:1307–1317, 1981), and we also provide extensions to hexagonal lattice applications.
Supervisors' Perceptions of the Performance of Cooperative Education Employees Working in Federal Agencies

Through cooperative education programs, many public agencies employ college students part time or intermittently and groom them for future full-time employment The combination of winnowing and nurturing that occurs in these programs is believed to produce higher performing employees This study tests this hypothesis by comparing Federal supervisors' perceptions of the performance of co-op employees with those recruited from other sources Data come from the 1992 Merit Principles Survey, US Merit Systems Protection Board The results indicate that co-op employees perform at high levels, but they do not outperform other employees as a whole Next, we compare the performance ratings of Federal workers from seven other recruitment sources to see if any source is superior Some interesting findings emerge Of course, performance ratings are an incomplete indicator of an employee's value to the organization These ratings merely reflect supervisors' perceptions, and while high performance is important, agencies may wi...
Nonclassical cross-correlations of transmitted and fluorescent fields in cavity QED systems

We investigate intensity cross-correlation functions for two cavity QED systems. These are a driven optical cavity containing a single two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the cavity field with quantized centre of mass motion, and a two-level atom in an optical parametric oscillator. We find analytic results in the weak driving field limit using quantum trajectory theory. We find large violations of inequalities that must be satisfied by classical fields. One of these inequalities is well known, g (2) ij (τ) ≤ √g (2) jj (0)g (2) jj (0), where i and j denote two modes of the field. We also derive a new inequality that cross-correlations must satisfy, |g (2) ij (τ) - 1| 2 ≤ |(g (2) ii (0) - 1)(g (2) jj (0) - 1)|. Large violations of classical inequalities and asymmetrical behaviour in delay time τ are found in complimentary regimes for the cavity QED system with quantized centre of mass motion. They always exist for the two-level atom inside an optical parametric oscillator.
How many types of erythroleukaemia are induced by retroviruses in mice

Erythroleukaemia, until now defined by morphological criteria, has been observed in mice infected with several distinct virological entities, including the polycythaemia-inducing strains of Friend virus complex (FV-P), the anaemia-inducing strains of Friend and Rauscher virus complex (FV-A and RV-A, respectively) and various helper-independent virus isolates derived from the FV-A or RV-A complexes. Whereas erythroleukaemia develops rapidly (within 2-3 weeks) in mice infected with any strain of FV or RV, the helper-independent virus alone is pathogenic in mice only if they are infected neonatally. We now describe how two biological markers can be used to distinguish among the otherwise confusing array of virus-induced erythroleukaemias in mice. The evidence suggests that there are three different classes of this disease: (1) those (S+E+) from which both defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) and erythropoietin-independent, erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-EI) can be recovered, (2) those (S+E-) from which only SFFV (but not CFU-EI) can be recovered, and (3) those (S-E-) from which neither SFFV nor CFU-EI can be recovered. There is a consistent association between the type of virus used to induce the erythroleukaemia and the class of the disease induced.
BASE-RATE EFFECTS IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL PERCEPTUAL CATEGORIZATION

The optimality of human performance when category base rates differ was investigated in 2 multidimensional perceptual categorization tasks. All participants were sensitive to differences in base rate, even during their 1st experimental session. Nearly half of the participants learned the optimal decision bound by their final experimental session. Little evidence for conservative cutoff placement was found (i.e., an underestimation of category base-rate differences). In fact, participants who did not learn the optimal decision bound tended to use a decision bound that overestimated the base-rate difference. Across all conditions participants showed a clear shift toward the optimal decision bound with experience. These data suggest that experienced participants are highly sensitive to differences in category base rate. The model-based analyses suggest that the decision-bound model of categorization (Ashby, 1992a; Ashby & Maddox, 1993; Maddox & Ashby, 1993) provides a powerful tool for investigating the limits of human categorization performance.
Solution of an integral equation encountered in studies on radiative transfer in completely absorbing leaf canopies

The leaf normal distribution function is related to the extinction coefficient of direct solar radiation by a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. The integral equation is solved by the method of constrained least squares. The solutions are stable and correct only in extreme cases and, in general, it is not possible to recover an arbitrary leaf normal distribution function.
MATLAB program for quadrature in 2D

Abstract We discuss here the algorithms of TwoD , a M atlab program for approximating integrals over generalized rectangles and sectors. Capabilities of the language are exploited to make TwoD very easy to use. Vectorization is exploited by a novel algorithm to make the program efficient and reliable. TwoD provides for moderate singularities on boundaries of the region.
Theoretical studies of atmospheric molecules: SCF and correlated energy levels for the NO2, NO 2 + and NO 2 ? systems

SCF and MC-SCF/CI calculations were carried out on the low-lying electronic states of NO2, NO 2 + and NO 2 − , using a double-zeta quality basis set of contracted Gaussian functions. The calculations were performed primarily at the equilibrium geometry (R NO = 2.25 ao, θONO=134 °) of theX 2 A 1 state of NO2. SCF calculations on NO 2 + in a linear conformation were also performed. Results are presented and compared with experiment and other calculations.
Minimizing Endoscopic Complications: Colonoscopic Polypectomy

Current polypectomy tools and techniques are inadequate to prevent all postpolypectomy bleeding, perforation, and postpolypectomy syndrome; however, adherence to certain principles can substantially reduce the risk of these complications. This review does not focus on technical aspects of colonoscopy that are directed toward preventing complications of failed eradication. Rather, the authors focus on the classic complications of bleeding, perforation, and their prevention. New technologies that could further reduce or eliminate perforation and bleeding after polypectomy are sorely needed.
Sexual Experience Among Emotionally and Behaviorally Disordered Students in Therapeutic Day Schools: An Ecological Examination of Adolescent Risk

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Pediatric Psychology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Donenberg, G. R., E. Emerson, et al. (2012). "Sexual Experience Among Emotionally and Behaviorally Disordered Students in Therapeutic Day Schools: An Ecological Examination of Adolescent Risk." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2012 Sep;37(8):904-13. doi 10.1093/jpepsy/jss056 is available online at: oxfordjournals.org
Natural capital and quality of life: a model for evaluating the sustainability of alternative regional development paths

Abstract Natural capital contributes to the quality of life of a region in two complementary ways: first, by directly providing environmental services that cannot be imported, and second, by supplying the natural resources that, through a human controlled production process, become valuable to humans. The evolution of the combination of these two components of the quality of life determines the path of development a region takes. Environmental services also determine the ability of natural capital to regenerate itself. Ecosystems and other components of the regional natural capital produce environmental services that provide life-support functions necessary for natural capital reproduction. The destruction of this critical natural capital impairs the internal sources of improvement of the quality of life of a region, leading to a non-sustainable path of development. This article describes a model of the relationship between natural capital and quality of life that provides a stricter definition of sustainable development through explicit characterization and classification of natural capital according to its ability to produce life-supporting environmental services, by its substitutability, and by its possible reconstruction. Application of this model then shows that there are 51 possible regional development paths, only 32 of which are sustainable and only 14 of which are sustainable while also providing improvements in quality of life. Only six of these 14 sustainable development paths are attained with economic growth, however, while the other eight paths increase quality of life by increasing the production of environmental services. The model could help in the development of institutional interventions that would promote regional development paths that are sustainable.
Quantitative Changes in Hydrocarbons over Time in Fecal Pellets of Incisitermes minor May Predict Whether Colonies Are Alive or Dead

Hydrocarbon mixtures extracted from fecal pellets of drywood termites are species-specific and can be characterized to identify the termites responsible for damage, even when termites are no longer present or are unable to be recovered easily. In structures infested by drywood termites, it is common to find fecal pellets, but difficult to sample termites from the wood. When fecal pellets appear after remedial treatment of a structure, it is difficult to determine whether this indicates that termites in the structure are still alive and active or not. We examined the hydrocarbon composition of workers, alates, and soldiers of Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (family Kalotermitidae) and of fecal pellets of workers. Hydrocarbons were qualitatively similar among castes and pellets. Fecal pellets that were aged for periods of 0, 30, 90, and 365 days after collection were qualitatively similar across all time periods, however, the relative quantities of certain individual hydrocarbons changed over time, with 19 of the 73 hydrocarbon peaks relatively increasing or decreasing. When the sums of the positive and negative slopes of these 19 hydrocarbons were indexed, they produced a highly significant linear correlation (R 2 = 0.89). Consequently, the quantitative differences of these hydrocarbons peaks can be used to determine the age of worker fecal pellets, and thus help determine whether the colony that produced them is alive or dead.
Motion perceptibility and its application to active vision-based servo control

We address the ability of a computer vision system to perceive the motion of an object (possibly a robot manipulator) in its field of view. We derive a quantitative measure of motion perceptibility, which relates the magnitude of the rate of change in an object's position to the magnitude of the rate of change in the image of that object. We then show how motion perceptibility can be combined with the traditional notion of manipulability, into a composite perceptibility/manipulability measure. We demonstrate how this composite measure may be applied to a number of different problems involving relative hand/eye positioning and control.
Quickcat: The Design and Implementation of a Corrosion Analysis Automation Tool

As the majority of commercial and military aircrafts age, the need for ensuring the safety of these aircraft is critical. Comprehensive corrosion management, however, is not a plausible option due to the lack of a good understanding about corrosion initiation and growth patterns To address this problem, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has contracted the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) department to develop corrosion initiation and growth prediction models. In 2006, a growth prediction model was developed by Major Brian Ralston, yet it was run on a limited number of samples because of the model's time and resource demands. This report presents a discussion of the development and construction of an automation tool for the corrosion growth prediction analysis following a systems methodology approach. The tool has semi-automated Ralston's process so that both user interaction and total analysis times were reduced. The usability, speed, and accuracy results demonstrate the success of the automation tool with regard to the project objectives. By successfully reducing the process time, the tool allows for researchers to analyze samples more quickly so that greater knowledge about the corrosion growth phenomenon is acquired.
Epithelial overexpression of BDNF or NT4 disrupts targeting of taste neurons that innervate the anterior tongue.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) are essential for the survival of geniculate ganglion neurons, which provide the sensory afferents for taste buds of the anterior tongue and palate. To determine how these target-derived growth factors regulate gustatory development, the taste system was examined in transgenic mice that overexpress BDNF (BDNF-OE) or NT4 (NT4-OE) in basal epithelial cells of the tongue. Overexpression of BDNF or NT4 caused a 93 and 140% increase, respectively, in the number of geniculate ganglion neurons. Surprisingly, both transgenic lines had severe reduction in fungiform papillae and taste bud number, primarily in the dorsal midregion and ventral tip of the tongue. No alterations were observed in taste buds of circumvallate or incisal papillae. Fungiform papillae were initially present on tongues of newborn BDNF-OE animals, but many were small, poorly innervated, and lost postnatally. To explain the loss of nerve innervation to fungiform papillae, the facial nerve of developing animals was labeled with the lipophilic tracer DiI. In contrast to control mice, in which taste neurons innervated only fungiform papillae, taste neurons in BDNF-OE and NT4-OE mice innervated few fungiform papillae. Instead, some fibers approached but did not penetrate the epithelium and aberrant innervation to filiform papillae was observed. In addition, some papillae that formed in transgenic mice had two taste buds (instead of one) and were frequently arranged in clusters of two or three papillae. These results indicate that target-derived BDNF and NT4 are not only survival factors for geniculate ganglion neurons, but also have important roles in regulating the development and spatial patterning of fungiform papilla and targeting of taste neurons to these sensory structures.
Scotian Shelf euphausiid and silver hake population changes during 1984–1996 measured by multi-frequency acoustics

A 13-year time series of integrated acoustic volume backscattering strengths from Emerald Basin on the Scotian Shelf at 12, 50, 122, and 200 kHz are examined here, together with zooplankton data from net sampling. The three highest acoustic frequencies delineate relative abundances of the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica while the 12-kHz frequency primarily reflects abundances of pelagic silver hake. Euphausiid populations derived from acoustics fluctuate by a factor of 20 combining both seasonal and inter-annual variation components. Acoustically derived euphausiid populations correlate significantly with both net-sampled euphausiid populations and acoustically derived silver hake abundances, but show no clear long-term (multi-year) trends. The correlation between Emerald Basin euphausiid and migratory pelagic fish abundances suggests the ecological influence of the Shelf Basin euphausiid stocks extends to the surrounding shelf areas.
Direct determination of total and fresh groundwater discharge and nutrient loads from a sandy beachface at low tide (Cape Henlopen, Delaware)

Total groundwater discharge from a sandy seepage site to the Delaware Bay at Cape Henlopen, Delaware, was determined together with the associated nutrient loads by trapping the discharge from a length of the shoreline in a tidal pond at low tide and measuring the discharge of the trapped water through a weir at steady state. Salinity was used to parse the total groundwater discharge from the beachface at low tide into a ‘‘recycled’’ estuarine component and a ‘‘new’’ fresh groundwater component. Based on 16 measurements over 18 months, average total discharge and average freshwater discharge at low tide were found to be 2.76 6 1.08 and 0.87 6 0.43 L min21 m21 of shoreline, respectively. The estuarine component of discharge varied with the maximum height of the immediately preceding high tide. Owing to the control of freshwater discharge by the average upland hydraulic gradient away from the beach, individual measurements of freshwater discharge at low tide represent a good estimate of this discharge component over time scales of hours to days. Based on the nutrient concentrations in the discharge waters, nutrient loads from the beach to the adjacent estuary at low tide were 148 6 79, 7.5 6 5.1, and 197 6 101 mmol min21 m21 of shoreline for total dissolved N, P, and Si, respectively. Groundwater discharge and these nutrient fluxes contribute significantly to the unusually productive benthic communities that inhabit the seepage and nearby intertidal zones. Estuaries receive their primary inputs from fluvial discharges and exchange with the ocean, but it is increasingly evident that atmospheric deposition and direct groundwater discharges from uplands also play a significant role in estuarine biogeochemical processes (Paerl 1997; Burnett et al. 2003). Although groundwater discharge is thought to represent only a small fraction of the total freshwater discharge to estuaries and the ocean, there is increasing evidence that nutrients and contaminants associated with this discharge may play a more significant ecological role than implied by the relatively small discharge (Valiela et al. 1992; Burnett et al. 2003; Shaw 2003). This is particularly true in coastal plain settings where nutrient and contaminant inputs to the groundwater from domestic, industrial, municipal, and agricultural practices may be high, the hydraulic conductivity of soils and aquifer sediments is large, and the topographically driven groundwater flow to shallow upland streams is low. Submarine groundwater discharge in many settings appears to be associated with productive benthic communities (Johannes and Hearn 1985; Bussmann et al. 1999; Zipperle and Reise 2005) and may influence sediment– water exchange through the imposition of hydraulic gradients, the modification of subbottom flow paths, and the alteration of diagenetic reactions and rates (Moore
Millimeter-wave polarimetric bistatic radar scattering from rough soil surfaces

Polarimetric measurements of the bistatic scattered fields from a rough, dry, soil surfaces, were performed recently at 35 GHz over the entire upper hemisphere, at both low and high incidence and scattering angles, and at near forward and backward directions. These measurements are discussed in this paper and the angular dependence of the bistatic scattering coefficients, /spl sigma//sup 0/, and the correlation between various polarization combinations are presented as well.
HYPERPLASIA OF THE THYROID GLAND OF RHESUS MONKEYS AFTER THIOURACIL TREATMENT

ADMINISTRATION of thiouracil to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) causes hyperplasia and colloid depletion in monkeys as it does in other animals and in man. Certain special histological features of thyroid hyperplasia in the monkey are described in this report. Changes in some physiological constants in surgically induced hypothyroid monkeys have been described previously by Fleischman, Shumacker, and Wilkins (1945) and by Jailer, Sperry, Engle, and Smelser (1944). The effect of thiouracil on serum cholesterol, circulation times and white blood cell count of rhesus monkeys was reported by Aranow, Engle, and Sperry (1946). In these studies thiouracil was administered orally to four adult female monkeys in increasing dosage over a period of 14 months. Thiouracil was given daily except Sunday. On Saturday a double quantity was given. The quantity administered was 0.1 gm. for the first 28 days, 0.2 gm. for the next 61 days, and 0.4 gm. for an additional 76 days.
Reduced genual corpus callosal white matter integrity in pathological gambling and its relationship to alcohol abuse or dependence

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated functional prefrontal cortical (PFC) abnormalities in pathological gambling (PG) and other psychiatric disorders characterized ...
Post–middle Miocene accretion of Franciscan rocks, northwestern California

Deformed sedimentary rocks assigned to the Franciscan assemblage in the King Range south of Cape Mendocino, northern California, are dominantly deep-water argillite and sandstone occurring as thick- to thin-bedded, locally channelized marine turbidites of arkosic to andesitic volcani-clastic composition. These rocks structurally overlie Late Cretaceous (Coniacian to Campanian) basaltic pillow flows, flow breccias, diabase sills, and arkosic sandstone turbidites that also are assignable to the Franciscan assemblage, and are well exposed along the coast at Point Delgada. Radiolarians and planktic and benthic foraminifers indicate that the oldest rocks in the King Range may be early Tertiary and that the youngest rocks are middle Miocene or younger, the youngest rocks yet reported from the Franciscan assemblage. Partly coeval Miocene (Relizian and Luisian) to Quaternary rocks, representing shallower sedimentary facies of the inner shelf to outer continental slope, occupy the Eel River basin and isolated fault-bounded slivers adjacent to the King Range on the north and east. Wide zones of penetrative shearing that may delineate a middle Miocene or younger suture separate the deep-water Franciscan rocks of the King Range from less severely deformed Neogene rocks of the Eel River basin. The King Range appears to be a displaced terrane of oceanic basement overlain by Paleogene(?) and Neogene sedimentary and igneous rocks of continental and oceanic derivation. This terrane may have been displaced north or eastward and obductively accreted to California ≤15 m.y. ago, before or perhaps during northward passage of the Pacific-Farallon-North American plate junction.
The Spectrum of the Absolute Value of a Hyponormal Operator

Some results are obtained concerning absolute continuity properties of certain selfadjoint operators. In particular, it is shown that if T is completely hyponormal with the polar factorization T = U|T|, where U is unitary, and if either its selfcommutator T*T - TT* has finite rank or U has bounded spectral multiplicity, and if, in addition, the spectrum of T is sufficiently thin near each of two distinct rays issuing from the origin, then |T| has an absolutely continuous part.
“Turnaround” as Shock Therapy Race, Neoliberalism, and School Reform

“Turnaround” strategies of educational reform promise that school closure, reconstitution, privatizing, and reopening them will bring miraculous results. Questioning the implications, this article ...
Jugend in Modernisierungsambivalenzen und die ‚Antwort‛ von Schulkulturen

In diesem Beitrag werden Strukturveranderungen der Jugendphase in den Blick genommen und in den Zusammenhang grundlegender Ambivalenzen von Modernisierungsprozessen eingeruckt (vgl. z. B. Helsper 2008a; Helsper et al.2001, 2007). Im Hintergrund stehen dabei Diagnosen der Modernisierung, die diese nicht im Sinne linear fortschreitender ‚Hoherentwicklung‛ interpretieren,sondern Modernisierungsprozesse mit der Kategorie der ‚Ambivalenz‛,des Widerspruchs oder der Paradoxie erfassen (vgl. Bauman 1992; Beck et al.1996; van der Reijen und van der Loo 1992; Giddens 1996).
Measuring The Theoretical Paradigm Shift From Marketing Mix To Relational Marketing

Much has been written in the recent marketing literature on the perceived importance of moving from a transaction basis to a long-term relationship basis in terms of personal selling. Since the traditional marketing mix paradigm has dominated marketing philosophy for so long, many perceive there is a marketing shift, especially in service marketing, to the relational marketing paradigm. A sales force from five industries, representing primarily service industries (n=142), were tested on a number of statistical techniques including correlations, stepwise regression, and n-way ANOVA, and yielded no significant trend to support the theoretical paradigm shift.
Multiscale Simulations of Wax Deposition Processes in Petroleum Pipeline Flows

Wax deposition has a significant effect on petroleum pipelines. It severely reduces flow rate and can even cause total blockage if not maintained periodically. There are various techniques for wax removal that involve thermal, chemical or mechanical processes. In order to improve these techniques and designs, a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of wax deposition and aging is essential. In this paper, we use a channel configuration to depict a slice of pipeline flow in the flow direction with height extended from the wall to the free flow of the pipe. Due to a large range of length scales in the wax deposition process, a multiscale strategy is applied to build a consistent model including mesoscale and microscale. On the mesoscale, we simulate the growth of the porous wax structure in detail, by using the semi-implicit incompressible flow solver NGA coupled to the refined level set grid solver LIT to describe the complex evolution of the petroleum/wax phase interface. On the microscale, we model individual wax crystals in the liquid petroleum using a Lagrangian point particle approach that includes growth of the wax crystals by condensation. Coupling from the micro to the mesoscale is achieved by incorporating the appropriate source terms in the mesoscale flow solver and transferring wax crystals larger than a threshold size from the Lagrangian description to the interface geometry resolved description of the level set solver.© 2013 ASME
Tufts Watershed Loading Function: Best Management Practice Model for Decision Support

A watershed model was developed for optimization-based best management practice (BMP) decision support related to non-point source nutrient control. The decision support system could be useful in watershed management, such as defining or complying with a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). Tufts Watershed Loading Function (TWLF) was based on the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) [Haith and Shoemaker, 1987] and modified to allow for daily simulation of nutrient load generation, BMP behavior and optimization of watershed quality management alternatives. It was applied to the Aberjona River watershed, a small, highly urban basin located northwest of Boston, Massachusetts. BMP simulation models were created with input from local stakeholders to represent a broad range of management options including street sweeping, reduction in fertilizer application, porous pavement, grass swales, and constructed storage. The decision support interface allows users to quickly test scenarios involving BMP options in various land use areas, and could be part of negotiations and public decision making processes. In addition to scenario testing, optimizations were also performed using a genetic algorithm to search for efficient remedial solutions given limited management budgets.
Treatment Outcomes of Rathke's Cleft Cysts Managed with Marsupialization.

Objectives Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are benign cystic lesions of the sella resulting from incomplete obliteration of Rathke's cleft. Symptomatic lesions often require surgical decompression, which is often amenable to a transnasal, transsphenoidal (TNTS) approach. We report our experience with marsupialization of RCC and describe a novel technique to promote re-epithelization of the cyst cavity. Design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Participants Patients who underwent TNTS for RCC between 2007 and 2015. Main Outcome Measures Demographics, lesion characteristics, and reconstruction and treatment outcomes. Results In total, 52 patients were identified. The mean age was 41 ± 18 years. The mean RCC size was 13 ± 5 mm. Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was encountered in 14 (27%) patients; all were repaired. There were six complications (12%) and no deaths. Mean follow-up was 20 ± 18 months, with five (10%) recurrences. RCC size was associated with intraoperative CSF leak (p = 0.04). In 12 patients, the marsupialized cyst cavity was lined with a free mucosal graft (FMG) to promote healing and re-epithelialization. Conclusions The TNTS approach is safe and effective in surgical decompression of RCC. Lining the exposed cyst cavity with an FMG is a simple intervention without added morbidity that may promote formation of an epithelialized tract. Level of Evidence Not applicable.
Deformation Tracking of a Flexible Fence

The unsteady deflection of a flexible fence, made from 0.051mm thick low carbon steel shimstock, due to wind loads has been investigated experimentally. The motion of this fence in the flowfield created in a wind tunnel was tracked with two high speed cameras using a grid of 23× 13 targets on the fence. Tests were conducted at speeds of 4, 5, 6, and 7m/s. The spatial resolution of the cameras was 800× 600 pixels and a frame rate of 300fps was used to allow for the reproduction of the fence motion. The mean fence deformation and the oscillation amplitude increased with increasing velocity. At 4m/s, no oscillations were observed. For velocities of 5m/s and higher, the oscillation frequency was 12Hz, irrespective of velocity. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition was used to analyze the mode shapes of the oscillating fence. The mean bending mode, unsteady bending mode, and higher order modes were identified and their spectra were determined.
Color Calibrator for Monitors in Television Studios

The color calibrator permits an observer to compare the color of the peak-white video level on a TV monitor with the standard white provided by filtered light from a lamp in the calibrator. The standard white chromaticity is equal to that from CIE Illuminant D 6500 . The design, construction, calibration and application of the instrument are discussed. Control of the chromaticity of the peak white from various studios and stations using such an instrument should improve the quality of color television.
Global uniqueness for an inverse problem for the magnetic Schrödinger operator

In this paper, we prove the global uniqueness of determining both the magnetic field and the electrical potential by boundary measurements in two-dimensional case. In other words, we prove the uniqueness of this inverse problem without any smallness assumption.
Topiramate Monotherapy in Epilepsy

The dosing, effectiveness, patient characteristics predictive of effectiveness, and safety of topiramate monotherapy in treatment of epilepsy were evaluated in a 6-month, multicenter, open-label study at UCLA School of Medicine, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles; and University of Miami School of Medicine, FL.
Asian Rights, Asian Remedies: The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) and the National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)

In a region where State sovereignty is jealously guarded, and prime importance is accorded to consensus-building, how are human rights enforced, if at all? Can individuals obtain remedies when their rights are violated? Tracing the experiences of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) in Southeast Asia and the odyssey of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR), this paper attempts to identify the roles that the national institutions, on the one hand, and the regional body, on the other, should take in order to promote and protect the human rights of Southeast Asians. The paper submits that, in its present form, the AICHR leaves much to be desired because of its failure or refusal to assume more protective functions. Meanwhile, the NHRIs are also proving inadequate in affording remedies against human rights violations due to their limited independence within their respective jurisdictions. The suggested solution consists of concentrating the promotion functions to the institutions, and placing the bulk of protection roles in the hands of the AICHR.
Use of the External Condom Catheter to Secure a Temporary Balloonless Urethral Catheter

AbstractWe present a method to secure temporary balloonless urethral catheters and connect the catheters to closed urinary drainage devices using external condom catheters.
Meningoceles and Encephaloceles

Skull base meningoceles and encephaloceles are developmental or acquired defects that result in outward protrusion or herniation of the dura and arachnoid (meningocele), sometimes with involvement of the brain parenchyma (encephalocele).