cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal patterns of DNA adduct formation and glutathione S-transferase activity in the testes of rats fed aflatoxin B1: a comparison with patterns in the liver.

Fisher-344 male rats were fed 1.6 ppm of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) continuously and intermittently for several weeks. At various time periods, DNA was isolated from the testes and livers and analyzed for AFB 1 -DNA adducts. The ability of the testis to detoxify AFB 1 was also investigated by the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity assay and compared with that of the liver. The levels of testicular AFB 1 -DNA adducts were 2.4 to 8.1 times lower than those of the liver after 4 to 16 weeks of continuous treatment and 2.2 to 46.2 times lower after 8 to 20 weeks of intermittent treatment. The testicular DNA adducts markedly decreased over time. By 16 weeks of continuous and 20 weeks of intermittent exposure, they had decreased 37 and 91%, respectively. In contrast, hepatic AFB 1 -DNA adducts increased four-fold from 4 to 16 weeks of continuous treatment but increased at a much slower rate after intermittent exposure. In both the liver and testis, significant levels of AFB 1 -DNA adducts persisted for at least 1 month after ending the treatment, suggesting that this type of lesion was poorly repaired. In control rats, the testis showed significantly higher GST activity than the liver. In treated rats, these differences were significant during the first 12 weeks of continuous treatment but not at later times. Tissue-specific differences such as germ-cell depletion and increased testicular detoxification may play an important role in the observed differential pattern of DNA adduct formation between the testis and liver.
Patterns of sexual coercion in adult heterosexual relationships: an exploration of male victimization.

The sexual coercion of adult males by females in heterosexual relationships has received little empirical attention. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe such relationships — in comparison with relationships involving the sexual coercion of females, of both males and females, and of neither — through analysis of data for 3,032 couples that completed the Preparation for Marriage instrument (Holman, Busby, & Larson, 1989). Current individual and couple characteristics were investigated for male subjects and their partners. The results revealed greater deficiencies in relational resources and commitment in coercive versus noncoercive couples. In addition, gender differences were noted among results for different victim/offender configurations.
Assessing the effects of changes in the cost of higher education to the student

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for the assessment of the effects of changes in the cost of higher education to the student on student enrollment. After the significant sources of student funds have been identified, a procedure is presented for expressing the total “expected contribution” from students as a transformed lognormal distribution of their parents' income. The procedure and its implications are illustrated with actual data from the public system of higher education in Texas.
Electrical conductance of hydrophobic membranes or what happens below the surface.

Nanoporous alumina membranes rendered hydrophobic by surface modification via covalent attachment of hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon chains conduct electricity via surface even when the pores are not f...
Colotomy and coloscopy in the management of neoplasms of the colon

THE FACT that adenomas and carcinomas of the colonic mucosa tend to be mul t ip le and to coexist has become increasingly well substantiated. The re is also considerable evidence that the mucosal adenoma is the lesion which precedes carc inoma of the colon in a highly significant p ropor t ion of cases. Surgeons experienced in this field recognize the l imitat ions of pa lpa t ion of the intact colon in the detect ion of small lesions and in disclosing soft, sessile tumors as large as several centimeters. Meticulous roentgenologic studies by air contrast and high-voltage technics after the use of a bar ium enema will demonst ra te many of these tumors, bu t cannot be depended u p o n to reveal all, par t icular ly if the lesions are less than 1 cm. in diameter. Hence, at the time of laparotomy, the surgeon who seeks to eradicate these lesions is ob l iga ted to take addi t ional reasonable measures to deal with probable undetected neoplasms. I t was to fill this need that the technic of colotomy and coloscopy for direct visualization of the entire mucosa of the colon was devised.
Reactive aggression and posttraumatic stress in adolescents affected by Hurricane Katrina

The current study tests a theoretical model illustrating a potential pathway to reactive aggression through exposure to a traumatic event (Hurricane Katrina) in 166 adolescents (61% female, 63% Caucasian) recruited from high schools on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Results support an association between exposure to Hurricane Katrina and reactive aggression via posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and poorly regulated emotion. The proposed model fits well for both boys and girls; however, results suggest that minority youth in this sample were more likely to experience emotional dysregulation in relation to posttraumatic stress than Caucasian youth. Further, results indicate that hurricane exposure, PTSD symptoms, and poorly regulated emotion are associated with reactive aggression even after controlling for proactive aggression. These findings have implications for postdisaster mental health services. Researchers examining mental health problems in youth after a significant disaster have traditionally focused on the presence of internalizing problems such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, with very little empirical attention paid to the incidence of post-disaster externalizing problems such as aggression. Specific types of aggressive responses, particularly those that involve poorly regulated emotion (i.e., reactive aggression), have been shown to be associated with a history of trauma and thus may be especially common following a traumatic event such as a hurricane.
Affinity capillary electrophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry for the determination of fatty acid binding with beta-cyclodextrin

Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used to investigate the binding interaction between several fatty acids (FAs) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD). Within each method, steps taken to obtain accurate binding constants are discussed. The stoichiometry of interaction was revealed to be 1:1 regardless of FA chain length. The binding constants obtained using ACE were: octanoate, 6.4x10(2); 2-octenoate, 4.7x10(2); decanoate, 3.7x10(3); 9-decenoate, 1.8x10(3) and dodecanote, 1.4x10(4). The binding constants obtained from ITC were of the same order of magnitude, but were consistently greater than those from ACE. Thermodynamic data obtained using ITC are used to explain the observed trends in binding strength.
Scalar formalism for quantum electrodynamics

A set of Feynman rules, similar to the rules of scalar electrodynamics, is derived for a full quantum electrodynamics based on the relativistic Klein–Gordon–type wave equation {ΠμΠμ+m2+ie σ ⋅ (C +iB)}φ =0, Πμ ≡−i ∂μ−eAμ, for spin‐ 1/2 particles [J. Math. Phys. 23, 1179 (1982); J. Math. Phys. 24, 2366 (1983)]. In this equation, φ is a 2×1 Pauli spinor and σa, a=1,2,3, are the usual 2×2 Pauli spin matrices. The irreducible self‐energy parts are compared to those of conventional quantum electrodynamics.
Naturally durable heartwood: evidence for a proposed dual defensive function of the extractives

We previously proposed that extractives in highly durable heartwood may protect wood against fungal colonization and subsequent degradation by dual mechanisms: the extractives have some fungicidal activity and are also free radical scavengers (antioxidants). In short-term laboratory decay tests using two different wood species and decay fungi, the antioxidant 2,6-dimethyl-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) alone had little or no preservative effect. In contrast, the combination of BHT with different organic commercial biocides always showed an increase in efficacy compared to the organic biocide alone. Consequently, we conclude that the combination of a commercial antioxidant and biocide is synergistic. This implies that extractives may protect wood by more than simply being fungicidal.
A systematic examination of the 2013 ACC/AHA pooled cohort risk assessment tool for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Background The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association updated cholesterol guidelines recommend the use of Pooled Cohort Equations to estimate 10-year absolute risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in primary prevention. Objectives This study sought to systematically examine the Pooled Cohort Equations to determine risk factor levels required to exceed risk thresholds outlined in new cholesterol guidelines. Methods We entered continuous risk factor levels in isolation and in specified combinations with the risk tool, and we observed predicted risk output patterns. We used the 10-year ASCVD risk threshold of ≥7.5% as a clinically relevant risk threshold. Results We demonstrated that a hypothetical man or woman can reach clinically relevant risk thresholds throughout the eligible age spectrum of 40 to 79 years of age, depending on the associated risk factor burden in all race-sex groups. Age continues to be a major determinant of 10-year ASCVD risk for both men and women. Compared with the previous risk assessment tool used in cholesterol guidelines, the inclusion of a stroke endpoint and use of race-specific coefficients permit identification of at-risk African Americans and non-Hispanic white women at much younger ages and lower risk factor levels. Conclusions These data provide context of specific risk factor levels and groups of individuals who are likely to have 10-year ASCVD risk estimates ≥7.5%. Age continues to be a major driver of risk, which highlights the importance of the clinician-patient discussion before statin therapy is initiated.
Multiphysics Modeling and Simulations of Mil A46100 Armor-Grade Martensitic Steel Gas Metal Arc Welding Process

A multiphysics computational model has been developed for the conventional Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) joining process and used to analyze butt-welding of MIL A46100, a prototypical high-hardness armor martensitic steel. The model consists of five distinct modules, each covering a specific aspect of the GMAW process, i.e., (a) dynamics of welding-gun behavior; (b) heat transfer from the electric arc and mass transfer from the electrode to the weld; (c) development of thermal and mechanical fields during the GMAW process; (d) the associated evolution and spatial distribution of the material microstructure throughout the weld region; and (e) the final spatial distribution of the as-welded material properties. To make the newly developed GMAW process model applicable to MIL A46100, the basic physical-metallurgy concepts and principles for this material have to be investigated and properly accounted for/modeled. The newly developed GMAW process model enables establishment of the relationship between the GMAW process parameters (e.g., open circuit voltage, welding current, electrode diameter, electrode-tip/weld distance, filler-metal feed speed, and gun travel speed), workpiece material chemistry, and the spatial distribution of as-welded material microstructure and properties. The predictions of the present GMAW model pertaining to the spatial distribution of the material microstructure and properties within the MIL A46100 weld region are found to be consistent with general expectations and prior observations.
Analytical sensitivity analysis of geometrically nonlinear structures based on the co-rotational finite element method

This paper is concerned with the parameter sensitivity analysis of structures undergoing large displacements. The authors introduce the analytical sensitivity expressions for an element independent co-rotational formulation of a geometrically nonlinear finite element method. An extension of this formulation to treat follower forces is presented. The co-rotational framework uses a pre-existing linear finite element library and does not require the development and implementation of kinematically nonlinear element formulations. This feature along with the element independence makes the co-rotational framework an attractive option for the implementation of geometrically nonlinear analysis and sensitivity analysis capabilities. The sensitivity formulations with respect to shape and material parameters are presented and their numerical treatment is discussed. The importance of a consistent tangent stiffness, including unsymmetric terms, on the accuracy of computed sensitivities is addressed. The framework is applied to shape and topology optimization examples, verifying the methodology and highlighting the importance of accounting for large displacement effects in design optimization problems.
Improving cell-based treatment for ischemic tissue.

Surgeons around the world evaluate and treat problems on a daily basis which have a common theme: ischemic tissue. Early studies have demonstrated that treatment with stem cells or the growth factors they produce can protect ischemic tissue [1, 2]. Investigators are now augmenting the effects of cell-based therapy to enhance protection from ischemia [3–5]. Spanholtz and colleagues have reported the protection of ischemic skin flaps afforded by their novel fibroblast cell line, which has been modified by adenoviral transfection to overexpress fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [6]. The authors chose to increase VEGF and bFGF secretion because of their observations that VEGF treatment alone often results in the generation of hyperpermeable, immature blood vessels. The addition of bFGF was hypothesized to reduce this effect through the recruitment of pericytes around these nascent blood vessels. Analysis of the ischemic flaps as well as healthy tissue controls over 168 d demonstrated increased angiogenesis throughout that time and a 25% reduction in flap necrosis, as well as a high number of pericytes in the region of neovascularization. The transplanted cells produced bFGF and VEGF transiently after implantation. As with any study, some uncertainty remains. Perhaps the most pressing question was stated by the authors: what is the mechanism of the apparent synergism between bFGF and VEGF? Perhaps further study employing inhibition of common pathways may answer this question. Is the synergism due to the autocrine effect of either VEGF or bFGF on the fibroblasts, or would that benefit be seen with treatment using VEGF and bFGF protein without transplantation of fibroblasts? Despite these questions, Spanholtz and colleagues have added to the growing body of knowledge regarding treatment of ischemic tissues using modified cell populations. Hopefully, greater understanding of the synergistic mechanisms uncovered by this work will someday enable us to optimize our therapies for ischemic tissues.
971-56 Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography can be Used to Assess Dynamic Changes in Microvascular Function In-Vivo

The transit rate of sonicated albumin microbubbles (Albunex ® , mean size = 4.3 μ) has been shown to correlate with that of radiolabelled red blood cells in the blood perfused beating heart. We have previously demonstrated that the transit rate of these microbubbles is decreased during hyperthermia-induced microvascular injury In this study, we hypothesized that microbubble transit rate could be used as a marker of reversible endothelial injury during myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). We produced endothelial injury by inducing different degrees of myocardial hypoxia. This was accomplished by perfusing an arrested heart with either arterial blood, venous blood, or blood diluted to different degrees with a crystalloid cardioplegia solution. The flow rate into the cross-clamped aorta was held constant in each dog (mean = 170 mi), as was the perfusate temperature (mean = 27°C). Perfusate hematocrit varied from 0–27%, while perfusate pO 2 ranged from 15–600 mmHg. MCE was performed by injecting 2 ml of a 1:1 dilution of Albunex ® into the perfusate line and images were acquired at a sampling rate of 30 Hz. The mean transit rate of Albunex ® through the myocardium was derived by fitting a λ-variate function to the background-subtracted time-intensity plots. The mean transit rate of Albunex ® decreased as the hematocrit decreased. On multivariate analysis, the hematocrit and the pO 2 were the best correlates of mean microbubble transit rate (y = 0.06 hematocrit - 0.002 pO 2 + 0.72, r = 0.72, p l 0.001). We conclude that MCE, can be used to assess reversible microvascular injury. This technique, therefore, has great potential for understanding dynamic changes in microvascular function in-vivo, particularly those modulated by the endothelium.
A comparative study of the solvolysis reactivity, regioselectivity, and stereochemistry of the duocarmycin a and sa alkylation subunits

Abstract The comparative solvolysis reactivity, regioselectivity, and stereochemistry of N -BOC-DSA ( 4 ) and N -BOC-DA ( 5 ), simple derivatives of the DNA alkylation subunits of duocarmycin SA and A, are detailed. Most important of the observations is the substantially greater reactivity of 5 versus 4 (16x), the modest regioselectivity of both 4 (6.5-4:1) and 5 (1.5:1), and the establishment that the abnormal ring expansion solvolysis proceeds by S N 2 addition to the activated cyclopropane with clean inversion of the reacting center stereochemistry.
View-dependent progressive mesh coding based on partitioning

A view-dependent progressive mesh coding algorithm is proposed in this work to facilitate interactive 3D graphic streaming and browsing. First, a 3D graphic model is split into several partitions. Second, each partition is simplified independently to generate a base model that can be efficiently encoded. Third, topological and geometrical data are reorganized to enable the view dependent transmission. Before the transmission, the server is informed of the viewing parameters. Then, the server can accordingly transmit visible parts in detail, while cutting off invisible parts. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the required transmission bandwidth, and provides an acceptable visual quality even at low bit rates.
Energy-Band Structure of a Hypothetical Carbon Metal

Energy bands are derived for a hypothetical crystal composed of carbon atoms arrayed in a single face-centered-cubic lattice by the method of orthogonalized plane waves (OPW). The bands are compared with those of diamond which have been obtained by Herman. It is shown that the hypothetical crystal is an almost perfect metal. A potential for atomic carbon in the $^{3}P$ ground-state is computed within the framework of Slater's free-electron-exchange approximation. An analytical approximation to this potential is provided. Results of a general symmetry analysis, appropriate for application of the OPW method to any f.c.c. lattice, are given. The cohesive energy of the metallic crystal relative to that of diamond is discussed within the approximation employed.
Comparative Public Administration Is Back In, Prudently

Comparative public administration, in method and in content, has not successfully integrated with the main field of public administration, to the detriment of both. With globalization and changes in information technology, the current separation impairs public administration education. This assessment is based on a literature review and an appraisal of the contributions of comparative scholarship. Suggestions for future research strategies promote viable, integrative, and relevant cross-cultural studies. They emphasize (1) the utilization of cooperative teams of researchers instead of individual efforts; (2) the use of multi-case analysis instead of the traditional single-case approach; (3) improvement of the definition and verification of cultural influences on administration; and (4) expansion of middle-range analysis to examine specific administrative practices across national boundaries as a strategy for enhancing relevance.
Staphylococcal septicemia and adult respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy treated with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal.

Background Septicemia in pregnancy may take an especially fulminant course. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are associated life-threatening complications. Treatment consists of appropriate antibiotic coverage and supportive measures. Case A previously healthy 21-year-old woman presented at 26 weeks' gestation with staphylococcal sepsis of undetermined origin. Her course was complicated by the rapid onset of adult RDS, DIC, and multi-organ-system failure, resulting in preterm delivery. Despite maximal ventilatory support, her pulmonary status continued to deteriorate. She was treated ultimately with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal and survived without serious sequelae. Conclusion Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal may improve survival in gravidas with adult RDS by decreasing the required airway pressures for ventilation, thus permitting pulmonary recovery.
Mammary cancer induced by a single feeding of polymucular hydrocarbons, and its suppression.

Mammary Cancer Induced by a Single Feeding of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons, and its Suppression
Writing the South: Ideas of an American Region

This book is a major reassessment of an American region and a regional consciousness. Concentrating on moments of crisis in Southern history, as well as on major literary figures, Richard Gray shows how generations of Southerners have been engaged in 'writing the South', in reinventing their place even as they describe it. The first half of the book focuses on the colonial period, when the first white settlers tried to understand an unfamiliar land by seeing it in terms of familiar mythology; the years immediately prior to the Civil War, when the South had to defend its 'peculiar institution' of slavery; and the later nineteenth century, when Southerners were struggling to justify their past, explain the present, and prophesy the future. In the second half Dr Gray looks in detail at the twentieth-century South, and particularly at major writers of the Southern renaissance, such as William Faulkner and the Nashville Agrarians.
Subclavian venipuncture following ipsilateral extrapleural dissection is hazardous

Subclavian artery puncture is an infrequent complication of subclavian vein cannulation. In spite of the limited ability to apply direct pressure to the bleeding vessel, significant hematoma or exsanguinating bleeding rarely occurs. This study was a retrospective chart review of a neonate who underwent extrapleural repair of a tracheo-esophageal fistula and sustained significant blood loss following an accidental ipsilateral subclavian artery puncture. This case highlights the importance of an intact apical pleura in controlling bleeding from the subclavian vessels. Thus, ipsilateral percutaneous subclavian venipuncture should be avoided in patients in whom the apical pleura is not intact.
The Survivor Health and Resilience Education (SHARE) Program: Development and Evaluation of a Health Behavior Intervention for Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Few evidence-based health behavior interventions for adolescent survivors of childhood cancer currently exist. These interventions are necessary to address a range of lifestyle and behavioral factors (e.g., diet and physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, excessive sun exposure) that may place survivors at increased risk for secondary cancers other chronic diseases. To address this need, the development and evaluation of a health promotion and disease prevention program for childhood cancer survivors is described, with an emphasis on the steps leading up to conducting a randomized controlled trial to test its efficacy. Data gathered from trial participants suggest the preliminary evaluation of the intervention is favorable. Trends and future directions in behavioral intervention research with childhood cancer survivors are discussed, along with the role of behavioral research in health promotion and disease prevention.
Fluorescence Quenching Studies of Curcumin by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetonitrile Solution

Steady state quenching studies of curcumin, 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, fluorescence by hydrogen peroxide were conducted in acetonitrile solution. A quenching rate constant, k q, of 1.05 × 1010 M −1 · s−1 was obtained with a short fluorescence lifetime of 347 ps. The reaction rate constant, which is within the diffusion-limited regime, is activation-controlled. The rate constant of deactivation of the thermally excited curcumin was 1.2 orders of magnitude more nonradiative (2.67 × 109 s−1) than radiative (2.16 × 108 s−1). The reaction was exothermic with a ΔG° of −1.97 eV and solvent reorganization energy of 1.37 eV. These values indicate that the electron transfer reaction is solvent-mediated with electron transfer rate constant, k ET, of 2.16 × 1010 s−1.
An investigation of small‐offset fracture zone geoid waveforms

Approximately 1,500 geoid cross sections across 15 small-offset South Atlantic fracture zones (FZ's) are compiled from Seasat altimeter data and organized according to crustal age; these profiles provide a basis for the comparison of the different FZ's, and the evolution of each over geological time. I use an empirical orthogonal function decompostion to investigate the dependence of profile shape and amplitude upon crustal age. The geoid cross sections are found to be coherent in form down the length of each FZ, and possess amplitudes that are inversely related to the relative spreading rate at the time of formation. This observation is consistent with a simple model in which the active portion of a fracture zone (the transform fault) remains a fixed spatial length, yielding a variable age offset across the FZ.
Determination of Optical Absorption Coefficient of Thermally Coagulated Blood Using Photoacoustic Analysis

Determination of the optical properties of thermally coagulated blood is becoming more important as the use of laser based methods to diagnose burn wounds has increased [1–3]. Knowledge of all optical properties within an inhomogeneous tissue sample, such as a burn wound, in combination with response of that tissue to laser light, allows for the identification of a specific chromophore, such as thermally coagulated blood, within the whole tissue sample. This is important for burn wound diagnosis because the boundary between the necrotic tissue layer, containing thermally coagulated blood, must be distinguished from the underlying viable tissue layer, which contains whole, viable blood[4]. Although the optical properties of whole blood have been studied extensively[5], there is a lack of research devoted to the study of the optical properties of thermally coagulated blood.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Using Exponential Smoothing To Specify Intervention Models for Interrupted Time Series

In general, procedures for the analysis of interrupted time series are quite sophisticated and powerful. However, procedures for identifying the intervention component of interrupted time-series models remain relatively primitive. In this article we demonstrate how exponential smoothing can play a function in the identification of the intervention component of an interrupted time-series model that is analogous to the function that the sample autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions serve in the identification of the noise portion of such a model.
The meaning of mammalian adult neurogenesis and the function of newly added neurons: the “small-world” network

Adult neurogenesis has been observed in mammalian brain including human but a question remains: how do new neurons become functional in the adult brain? We propose that the random addition of only a few new neurons functions as a maintenance system for the brain's "small-world" networks. In popular parlance, the small-world network phenomenon is described by the concept of "six degrees of separation", which postulates that everyone in the world is connected to everyone else through a chain of at most six mutual acquaintances. Randomly added to an orderly network, new links enhance signal propagation speed and synchronizability. Newly generated neurons are ideally suited to become such links: they are immature, form more new connections compared to mature ones, and their number but not their precise location may be maintained by continuous proliferation and dying off. Similarly, we envisage that the treatment of brain pathologies by cell transplantation would also create new random links in small-world networks and that even a small number of successfully incorporated new neurons may be functionally important.
Implementation of a general-purpose stored-program digital optical computer

The implementation of what we believe to be the first stored-program digital optical computer is described. The implementation domain consists of lithium niobate directional couplers that are modified to provide optical control and are interconnected with single-mode fiber. The architecture is also the first to employ time-of-flight synchronization. That is, there are no flip-flops used as synchronizing memory elements. Synchronization is achieved by the precise timing of the arrival of information at all points of interaction. The design is a minimal one, employing only 62 directional couplers. Previous papers have discussed the primary architecture and synchronization conditions for the machine. Here we focus on the secondary architecture, construction, debugging, and performance of the machine.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL CONSTRUCTION FROM MULTIVIEW RANGE IMAGES: SURVEY WITH NEW RESULTS

Abstract Construction of three-dimensional (3-D) models from multiview range images involves three general steps: (1) image integration, (2) recovery of missing data, and (3) model representation and editing. Literature related to these three steps are reviewed and new results in data recovery and model editing are presented. Examples demonstrating different steps of the model construction process are also given using range images from a variety applications.
Model-Based Tracking of the Hip: Implications for Novel Analyses of Hip Pathology

This study investigated the efficacy of a combined high-speed, biplane radiography and model-based tracking technique to study hip joint kinematics and arthrokinematics. Comparing model-based tracking to the gold standard of radiostereometric analysis using implanted metal beads, joint translation was measured with a bias of 0.2 mm and a precision of 0.3 mm, whereas joint rotation was measured with a bias of 0.2° and a precision of 0.8°. A novel measure of hip arthrokinematics characterizing the region of closest contact in the anterosuperior acetabulum was measured with a bias of 0.9% and a precision of 2.5%. Model-based tracking of the hip thus provides the opportunity to noninvasively study hip pathologic conditions such as osteoarthritis and femoroacetabular impingement with great accuracy.
Commercial Database Design vs. Library Terminology Comprehension: Why Do Students Print Abstracts Instead of Full-Text Articles?

When asked to print the full text of an article, many undergraduate college students print the abstract instead of the full text. This study seeks to determine the underlying cause(s) of this confusion. In this quantitative study, participants (n=40) performed five usability tasks to assess ease of use and usefulness of five commercial library databases and were surveyed on their understanding of library terminology. The study revealed that more than half of the students correctly defined the term “Abstract” and over 75 percent understood “full text.” However, only 25 percent of the students were able to successfully complete all five database tasks.
Proof of Worlock's conjecture on the Raman activity of soft modes☆

Abstract Worlock's conjecture is shown to be an immediate consequence of the group theoretical formulation of Landau's thermodynamic theory of second order phase transitions.
Deep-sea benthic footprint of the deepwater horizon blowout.

The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) accident in the northern Gulf of Mexico occurred on April 20, 2010 at a water depth of 1525 meters, and a deep-sea plume was detected within one month. Oil contacted and persisted in parts of the bottom of the deep-sea in the Gulf of Mexico. As part of the response to the accident, monitoring cruises were deployed in fall 2010 to measure potential impacts on the two main soft-bottom benthic invertebrate groups: macrofauna and meiofauna. Sediment was collected using a multicorer so that samples for chemical, physical and biological analyses could be taken simultaneously and analyzed using multivariate methods. The footprint of the oil spill was identified by creating a new variable with principal components analysis where the first factor was indicative of the oil spill impacts and this new variable mapped in a geographic information system to identify the area of the oil spill footprint. The most severe relative reduction of faunal abundance and diversity extended to 3 km from the wellhead in all directions covering an area about 24 km2. Moderate impacts were observed up to 17 km towards the southwest and 8.5 km towards the northeast of the wellhead, covering an area 148 km2. Benthic effects were correlated to total petroleum hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and barium concentrations, and distance to the wellhead; but not distance to hydrocarbon seeps. Thus, benthic effects are more likely due to the oil spill, and not natural hydrocarbon seepage. Recovery rates in the deep sea are likely to be slow, on the order of decades or longer.
Observations on the metabolism of bacteria-free larvae of Trichinella spiralis

Abstract 1. 1. The larvae of Trichinella spiralis consume aerobically and anaerobically about the same amount of glycogen, while lipid consumption occurs only under aerobic conditions. 2. 2. The major endproducts of the carbohydrate fermentation are volatile fatty acids, especially valeric acid, while only traces of lactic acid are produced. Keto substances in small amounts are produced only in the presence of oxygen. Part of the acids is excreted as free acids, while another part may be excreted in the form of ammonium salts. 3. 3. Carbohydrate fermentation is the process which allows the larvae to survive anaerobic processes, but it is insufficient to allow motility. It is probable that a major part of the oxygen consumed is used for the oxidation of lipids and this process may be of importance for the motility of the larvae.
Discrimination training in infant, preweanling, and weanling rats: Effects of prior learning experiences with the discriminanda

Rats were given continuous reinforcement (CRF), partial reinforcement (PRF), or successive discrimination (D) training in an alley from 11–14 (Age 1) or 15–18 (Age 2) days of age. Reinforcement was the opportunity to suckle the dry nipples of an anesthetized dam. Following a 10-day interval, all animals were given 4 successive days of discrimination training with food pellets as reinforcement. Control groups were given only the second phase of training. In the first phase, D subjects of both ages responded appropriately to the discriminative stimuli, and the PRF subjects of both ages ran significantly slower than CRF subjects. In the second phase, only the CRF subjects of Age 1 showed behavioral discrimination. All three Age 2 groups discriminated, but the discrimination developed earliest after Phase I CRF and latest after Phase I PRF. Both Age 1 control groups showed a late-developing discrimination, but neither Age 2 control group discriminated. The results suggest that infant and preweanling rats can learn both positive and negative expectancies of appetitive events, respond appropriately, and retain and transfer these expectancies to new learning. The reinforcement value of dry suckling and the effects of stimulus preexposure in infant rats are also discussed.
Increased cholesterol in Aβ-positive nerve terminals from Alzheimer's disease cortex

Synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood but evidence suggests it is a key pathological event. In order to precisely detect stable synaptic changes, we have developed methods for flow cytometry analysis of synaptosomes prepared from cryopreserved AD samples, and have previously shown that amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulates in surviving presynaptic terminals in AD cortex. In the present experiments we have examined amyloid-containing terminals in more detail, first dual labeling synaptosomes from AD cortex for Abeta and a series of markers, and then using quadrant analysis to compare amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative terminals. Amyloid-positive synaptosomes were larger in size than amyloid-negatives (p<0.007), and significant increases were observed in mean fluorescence for the lipid raft markers cholesterol (27%; p<0.0005) and GM1 ganglioside (24%; p<0.005). SNAP-25 immunofluorescence was increased by 31% (p<0.0001) in amyloid-bearing terminals, consistent with a sprouting response to amyloid accumulation. These results suggest that Abeta accumulation in synaptic terminals may underly dysfunction prior to or independent of extracellular amyloid deposition.
Is CT perfusion ready for liver cancer treatment evaluation

INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, a remarkable transformation in the field of liver cancer therapeutics has led to a shift from traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy to antiangiogenic therapies. Despite progress in the field of liver cancer therapeutics, the development of innovative quantitative imaging biomarkers that may rapidly and cost effectively assess tumor response to novel antiangiogenic therapies has lagged behind, increasing the need for further development [1]. Current clinical oncologic imaging criteria of tumor response to therapy, such as the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), which measure change in unidimensional tumor size, may not be the most effective means to measure liver tumor response to therapy. A major limitation of unidimensional measurements, particularly in evaluating the effect of antiangiogenic or vascular disruptive therapies, in unresectable liver cancer, is that size alone does not capture the biologic effect of treatment. For instance, change in liver tumor vascularity is common with antiangiogenic therapies, but change in tumor size is not. Among the many biomarkers currently being investigated for evaluating therapeutic effectiveness for liver cancer, CT perfusion is promising, and is rapidly becoming a viable biomarker [2-4]. The purpose of the current article is to discuss briefly the inherent advantages of adopting CT perfusion
Complex Spike Activity of Purkinje Cells in the Oculomotor Vermis during Behavioral Adaptation of Monkey Saccades

Throughout life, the oculomotor system can correct itself when saccadic eye movements become inaccurate. This adaptation mechanism can be engaged in the laboratory by displacing the target when the saccade toward it is in flight. Forward and backward target displacements cause gradual increases and decreases in saccade amplitude, respectively. Equipped with this paradigm, we asked whether Purkinje cells (P-cells) in the vermis of the oculomotor cerebellum, lobules VIc and VII, changed their complex spike (CS) discharge during the behavioral adaptation of horizontal saccades. We tested the hypothesis that CS activity would change only when a targeting saccade caused an error in eye position relative to the target, i.e., during the error interval between the primary and corrective saccades. We examined only those P-cells whose simple spike activity exhibited either a burst or pause with saccades in several directions. Approximately 80% of such P-cells exhibited an increase in CS activity during the error interval when the adaptation paradigm imposed horizontal eye-position errors in one direction and a decrease in activity for errors in the other. As adaptation progressed and errors were reduced, there was no consistent change in the CS activity. These data suggest that the CS activity of P-cells in the oculomotor vermis signals the direction but not the magnitude of eye-position error during saccade adaptation. Our results are consistent with cerebellar learning models that have been proposed to explain adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex so similar mechanisms may also underlie plasticity of this precision voluntary oculomotor behavior.
Medication Use by Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Results of a Randomized Telephone Survey in Wichita, Kansas

Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by profound fatigue, which substantially interferes with daily activities, and a characteristic symptom complex. Patients use a variety of prescribed and self-administered medications, vitamins, and supplements for relief of their symptoms. The objective of this study was to describe utilization of medications and supplements by persons with CFS and non-fatigued individuals representative of the general population of Wichita, Kansas.
Neuroimages in court: less biasing than feared

Neuroscience is increasingly poised to play a role in legal proceedings. One persistent concern, however, is the intuition that brain images may bias, mislead, or confuse jurors. Initially, empirical research seemed to support this intuition. New findings contradict those expectations, prompting a rethinking of the 'threat' of neuroscience in the courtroom.
Call admission control for an adaptive heterogeneous multimedia mobile network

A novel call admission control (CAC) scheme for an adaptive heterogeneous multimedia mobile network with multiple classes of calls is investigated here. Different classes of calls may have different bandwidth requirement, different request call holding time and different cell residence time. At any time, each cell of the network has the capability to provide service to at least a given number of calls for each class of calls. Upon the arrival (or completion or hand off) of a call, a bandwidth degrade (or upgrade) algorithm is applied. An arriving call to a cell, finding insufficient bandwidth available in this cell, may either be disconnected from the network or push another call out of the cell toward a neighboring cell with enough bandwidth. We first prove that the stationary distribution of the number of calls in the network has a product form and then show how to apply this result in deriving explicit expressions of handoff rates for each class of calls, in obtaining the disconnecting probabilities for each class of new and handoff calls, and in finding the grade of service of this mobile network
Nations and language‐building: Old theories, contemporary cases

Recent scholarship has revealed many different understandings of nations, nationalism and national minorities. Language as a marker of national identity is usually acknowledged, but only occasionally has it been the subject of empirical analysis. This article makes the case for grounding analysis of nations and nationalism in the language spoken by a group. After reviewing posited linkages between nations and language, it examines contrasting cases of language‐building, that is, raising the status of a language ‐ frequently an underdog language ‐ in a state. Cases include language politics in Canada and the United States, and those in the newly independent states emerging from the Soviet Union. Mixed civic‐ethnic approaches to language use and citizenship offer the most realistic and equitable resolutions of conflicts in a state between majority and minority groups.
Maternal and Infant Characteristics Associated With Perinatal Arterial Stroke in the Preterm Infant

Background and Purpose— Most perinatal arterial stroke (PAS) studies that investigated infant characteristics have excluded preterm infants from the study population. We sought to analyze the imaging findings and antenatal and perinatal risk factors in preterm infants with PAS. Methods— This was a hospital-based, case-control study of preterm infants. Case infants were confirmed by reviewing brain imaging scans and medical records (n=31). Three controls per case were individually matched with case infants from the study population. Results— Gestational age ranged between 27 and 36 weeks, and birth weight ranged between 580 and 3180 g. PAS was more common on the left side (61%), and 7% had bilateral PAS. The majority of strokes involved the middle cerebral artery distribution. Involvement of 1 or more lenticulostriate branches was most common among infants with a gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks, but main branch involvement was seen only in those with a gestational age of >32 weeks. Twin-to-twin-transfusi...
Peri-procedural bridging with low molecular weight heparin in patients receiving warfarin for venous thromboembolism: A pediatric experience

Abstract Introduction The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children appears to be increasing, and warfarin remains one of the few standard anticoagulants used for secondary VTE prevention. When invasive procedures are required in adults with high TE risk who are receiving warfarin, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) bridging is recommended, based mainly upon observational evidence; in children, no such studies have been published. We sought to determine the risks of recurrent TE (both VTE and arterial TE [ATE]) and major bleeding with peri-procedural LMWH bridging in children receiving warfarin for VTE. Methods Children (age ≤ 21 years of age at the time of bridge) receiving warfarin for VTE and undergoing a standardized clinical care protocol for peri-procedural LMWH bridging were enrolled and followed in an institution-based prospective inception cohort study at Children's Hospital Colorado between March 2006 and February 2012. Outcomes were assessed at 30 days post-procedure, and followed International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis guidelines. Results Seventeen children comprised the cohort, with a total of 23 bridging episodes. Median age at bridging episode was 17.5 years (range, 12 to 21 years). In 22% of bridging episodes, indication was for major surgery. Median duration of LMWH administration prior to procedure was 6 days (range, 4–10 days); median duration off anticoagulation peri-procedurally was 1.5 days (range: 1–2 days). The risks of major bleeding, recurrent VTE, and ATE at 30 days post-procedure were 4.3% (1/23), 0% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions This study provides important preliminary data on safety and efficacy of perioperative LMWH bridging for adolescent VTE patients receiving warfarin. Larger collaborative pediatric studies are warranted to substantiate these findings and to investigate prognostic factors of bleeding and recurrent TE in this setting.
PARTONIC EQUATION OF STATE IN HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS

After a brief introduction to the physics of high-energy nuclear collisions, we will present recent experimental results that are closely connected to the properties of the matter produced in Au + Au collisions at RHIC. Collective motion with parton degrees of freedom is called partonic collectivity. We will focus on collective observables such as transverse radial flow and elliptic flow. With experimental observations, we will demonstrate that collectivity is developed prior to the hadronic stage in heavy ion collisions at RHIC.