cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation and reactions of an iodinated imidoester reagent with actin and α-actinin

Abstract The chemical iodination of an imidoester (methyl- p -hydroxybenzimidate, Wood et al. (1975) Anal. Biochem. 68 , 339) and subsequent coupling of iodinated imidoester (IIE) to protein is an indirect method of iodinating proteins that is specific for the epsilon amino group of lysine residues and maintains the positive charge on the amino group at physiological pH. Purification of the IIE from chloramine-T and free iodine by benzene extraction eliminates the need for isoelectric precipitation and produces a more time- and cost-efficient IIE preparation and purification protocol. The separation of free from protein-bound label by chromatography, using centrifugal elution, provides a separation method that is rapid and efficient, without the generation of large volumes of radioactive wastes characteristic of conventional chromatographic and dialysis methods. To optimize the parameters of labeling protein with IIE, a systematic assessment of the effects of pH, reactant concentrations, and reaction time was made using purified cardiac actin and gizzard α-actinin. The parameters were defined to achieve an average labeling ratio of one IIE per protein polypeptide. The data demonstrate that both proteins appear to be labeled at the same rate and define several determining factors that limit the rate and extent of IIE incorporation into protein.
Challenges with serum protein electrophoresis in assessing progression and clinical response in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Accurate determination of the immunoglobulin (Ig) M paraprotein concentration is crucial to evaluating response in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). In most clinical laboratories, M-spike quantitation is performed by serum protein electrophoresis, which is the same method used to quantitate IgG and IgA paraproteins in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, the migration pattern and propensity of IgM paraproteins to form higher-order complexes in serum makes laboratory evaluation of samples from patients with WM especially challenging. We review examples of patients whose IgM paraprotein is particularly ill-suited to M-spike quantitation by serum protein electrophoresis: a case of "sticky M," a case of IgM multimers that cannot be resolved, and a case of an IgM in the β region. In these and similar cases, a method other than M-spike quantitation, such as IgM heavy chain nephelometry, should be considered in laboratory evaluation of paraprotein concentration.
Mechanisms of latency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can persist within the human host for years without causing disease, in a syndrome known as latent tuberculosis (TB). As one-third of the world population has latent TB, placing them at risk for active TB, the mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis establishes a latent metabolic state, eludes immune surveillance and responds to triggers that stimulate reactivation are a high priority for the future control of TB.
The binding and inhibition of trypsin by α-crystallin

Abstract One of the major lens-structural proteins, α-crystallin, is a multimeric protein containing 40 subunits of approx. 20 kDa each. There are two subunit types with distinct but similar structures. This protein was capable of inhibiting trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase, but had no effect on thrombin or kallikrein. Complete inhibition was not observed, but rather plateau levels of inhibition were obtained in each case. Maximum inhibition was observed at a ratio of 1 mol of α-crystallin for evey 9–10 mol of trypsin. α-Crystallin also inhibited the labeling of the active site of trypsin by [ 3 H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Greater than 90% inhibition of DFP labeling was observed at a ratio of 1 mol of α-crystallin for every 7–8 mol of trypsin. Both trypsin and [ 3 H]DFP-labeled trypsin formed a complex with α-crystallin, as demonstrated by gel-filtration chromatography. The active site of trypsin when bound to α-crystallin was still capable of reacting with p -nitrophenyl p -guanidobenzoate and soybean trypsin inhibitor, but was inaccessible to α 1 -antitrypsin. These data suggest that α-crystallin acts as a multivalent modified inhibitor which is consistent with the proposed quaternary structure of α-crystallin.
Prevention: are we really reaching today's teens?

Adolescence is the time when health risks can stem from lifestyle choices. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only a few behaviors account for most of the mortality, morbidity, and social problems in adolescents. These behaviors are: behaviors that result in unintentional or intentional injuries; drug and alcohol use; sexual behavior; diet; tobacco use; and physical inactivity. This article provides nurses with baseline prevention strategies to use with adolescents, parents, and communities, as well as suggestions for minimizing the incidences of preventible health problems. Language: en
Circadian organization of food intake and meal patterns in the rat.

Abstract The temporal distribution of food intake and of the two parameters, meal size and meal frequency, was determined in rats exposed to light-dark (LD) cycles and to constant illumination (LL). All three measures displayed characteristic multimodal circadian patterns that entrained to the LD cycle and free-ran in LL. Under both conditions, the circadian rhythm of meal size showed a small phase lag relative to the meal frequency rhythm. Lighting condition had no effect on total daily food intake, or on mean meal size and frequency. However, exposure to LL resulted in an attenuation of the rhythms, accompanied by an increase in postprandial correlations. The results indicate that circadian rhythms of food intake are attributable to circadian oscillations in both meal parameters, and suggest a competitive relationship between circadian rhythms and the metabolic controls underlying the rat's meal pattern.
Estimating production technology for policy analysis: trading off precision and heterogeneity

This paper develops an approach to select models that can make the best use of limited micro-level data sets to estimate production function parameters. Since production is often the core of the agricultural and environment policy analyses, we evaluate the models using criteria that reflect the objectives of policy analysis. We argue that policy production models should optimize the precision of policy response predictions, but also incorporate sufficient heterogeneity to allow policy makers to consider the distributional consequences of policies. Hence we develop a series of quantitative metrics of both precision and heterogeneity to compare model performance. Our approach consists of two steps. We first combine the method of generalized maximum entropy and data envelopment analysis and simultaneously estimate the production frontier and technical inefficiency parameters. With a set of household level data, we estimate production models at three different levels. The province-level model restricts the production technology parameters to be the same for all households. The county-level models allow production technology parameters to vary by county but restrict them to be equal across communities within the same county. The community-level models allow production technology parameters to vary by community. In the second step, we use the disaggregated information gain, percentage absolute prediction error and the Theil’s U statistic to evaluate these models.
Calcium Antagonists as Antiatherogenic Agents

Pharmacological manipulations of calcium metabolism in animals fed high-fat diets may slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Agents with calcium-chelating (diphosphonic acid and thiophene carboxylic acid derivatives) or calcium-channel-blocking properties (dihydropyridine derivatives, verapamil and its derivatives, diltiazem) have been demonstrated to suppress atherogenesis in rabbits and monkeys. The antiatherosclerotic effects appear to occur in the absence of hypolipidemic effects. The mechanisms of action of the structurally unrelated drugs remain to be elucidated.
Statistics of Stretching Fields in Experimental Fluid Flows Exhibiting Chaotic Advection

Stretching fields and their statistical properties are studied experimentally for four distinct two-dimensional time-periodic confined fluid flows exhibiting chaotic advection: a random vortex array for two different Reynolds numbers, a set of parallel shear layers, and a vortex lattice. The flows are driven electromagnetically, and they are studied by means of precise particle velocimetry. We find that for a given flow, the probability distributions of log S (where S is the local stretching in N cycles) can be nearly superimposed for different N when log S is rescaled using the geometrical mean of the stretching distribution. The rescaled stretching fields for a given flow at various N are highly correlated spatially when N is large. Finally, the scaled distributions for different flows are similar, though there are some differences connected to the degree of spatial symmetry and time-reversibility of the flows.
Spectral astrometry mission for planets detection

The Spectral Astrometry Mission is a space-mission concept that uses simultaneous, multiple-star differential astrometry to measure exo-solar planet masses. The goal of SAM is to measure the reflex motions of hundreds of nearby (~50 pc) F, G and K stars, relative to adjacent stars, with a resolution of 2.5 micro-arcsec. SAM is a new application of Spectral Interferometry (SI), also called Externally Dispersed Interferometry (EDI), that can simultaneously measure the angular difference between the target and multiple reference stars. SI has demonstrated the ability to measure a λ/20,000 white-light fringe shift with only lambda/3 baseline control. SAM's structural stability and compensation requirements are therefore dramatically reduced compared to existing long-arm balanced-arm interferometric astrometry methods. We describe the SAM's mission concept, long-baseline SI astrometry method, and technical challenges to achieving the mission.
Orientation of the NADPH dependent superoxide generating oxidoreductase on the outer membrane of human PMN's.

Summary The ratio of superoxide formation to O2 consumption in intact cell suspensions and subcellular particulate fractions rich in oxidoreductase activity, and the response seen upon adding NADPH and NADP+ to these fractions, suggest that the oxidoreductase is orientated in a trans configuration on the outer membrane. Its NADPH electron accepting site appears to lie on the cytosolic side of the outer membrane, whereas its superoxide generating site appears to lie on the opposite, extracellular side of the outer membrane.
Preface to a Theory of Strategic Intelligence

(2003). Preface to a Theory of Strategic Intelligence. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 638-663.
Dimensions of Variation in American English Vocabulary

Vocabulary varies in more than just the single dimension of the list of words that appears in typical desk-size dictionaries. Attention to the multidimensional nature of lexical variation can contribute in important ways to our understanding of language, and more particularly to the situation of a language in its particular culture. The vocabulary of AmE has less to do with supposedly authoritative wordlists than it does with the the cultural, historical, regional, and social life of the country, and this can be illustrated from specialized dictionaries. A special focus of this essay is quantitative analysis. The features of a language may be con-sidered in terms of either magnitude or frequency, and such treatment has the potential to inform our understanding not only of a particular language, but of the workings of language taken more generally. Lexical variation is pervasive and normal: we should observe the interactions of the qualitative, quantitative, and structural dimensions of a language that promote the variation, and we should think differently about what a language is and how it works if we are to account for such behavior by words.
Control of Particle Adhesion to Surfaces by Depositing Nanometric Interfacial Layers

The influence of nano-thick hydrophilic or hydrophobic films on adhesion properties of particles to surfaces has been investigated. Al2O3 and Ag layers were deposited on Ag and Al2O3 core particles, respectively by a modification of pulsed laser deposition technique. The as-received and surface-modified particles were further coated by a secondary process with submicron Al2O3 particles. We observe that deposition of hydrophobic or hydrophilic surfaces affects the surface coverage of secondary particles on core particles and hence the adhesion characteristics.
The agenda-building function of political tweets

This article expands the scope of agenda-building research, which has traditionally focused on the ability of press releases, press conferences, and political ads to influence media coverage. In-depth interviews with political reporters and editors at US newspapers during the 2012 campaign found that tweets from political leaders are used by journalists in ways that suggest first- and second-level agenda building. Participants gave examples of how political tweets have shaped their coverage in terms of the events they cover, the sources they interview, the quotes they use, and the background information they rely on to decide how to cover an issue. In addition, political tweets that contribute the most to coverage tend to have several elements in common.
Ketoacids and the Insulin Receptor

The binding of insulin to a specific receptor on IM-9-cultured human lymphocytes was studied in vitro under conditions simulating diabetic ketoacidosis. Compared with control incubations at pH 7.4, binding was reduced by 19 per cent at pH 7.1 and by 48 per cent at pH 6.8. Addition of β-hydroxybutyrate, at concentrations similar to those seen clinically, “restored” insulin binding toward normal. We suggest that, by counteracting the effects of acidosis, ketoacids themselves maintain normal insulin-receptor binding in diabetic ketoacidosis. These data also illustrate that small molecules, present in vivo, can significantly alter the interactions between a hormone and its receptor in vitro.
Cutting Edge: Natural Helper Cells Derive from Lymphoid Progenitors

Natural helper (NH) cells are recently discovered innate immune cells that confer protective type 2 immunity during helminth infection and mediate influenza-induced airway hypersensitivity. Little is known about the ontogeny of NH cells. We report in this study that NH cells derive from bone marrow lymphoid progenitors. Using RAG-1Cre/ROSA26(YFP) mice, we show that most NH cells are marked with a history of RAG-1 expression, implying lymphoid developmental origin. The development of NH cells depends on the cytokine receptor Flt3, which is required for the efficient generation of bone marrow lymphoid progenitors. Finally, we demonstrate that lymphoid progenitors, but not myeloid-erythroid progenitors, give rise to NH cells in vivo. This work therefore expands the lymphocyte family, currently comprising T, B, and NK cells, to include NH cells as another type of innate lymphocyte that derives from bone marrow lymphoid progenitors.
Debt Peonage Re-examined

In a recent Journal article Professors Ransom and Sutch (R & S) suggest “debt peonage” as a broad explanation for the course of southern economic development after the Civil War. They summarize their general thesis in the following three statements: “(1) That because of the readjustments in agriculture and the difficulties in forming new banks under the banking laws, the South was unable to re-establish a viable network of commercial banks to serve her agricultural economy.
Optimized extraction of coherent arrivals from ambient noise correlations in a rapidly fluctuating medium, with an application to passive acoustic tomography

Ambient noise correlations can be used to estimate Green’s functions for passive monitoring purposes. However, this method traditionally relies on sufficient time-averaging of the noise-correlations to extract coherent arrivals (i.e., Green’s function estimates), and is thus limited by rapid environmental fluctuations occurring on short time scales while the averaging takes place. For instance, based on extrapolating results from a previous study [Woolfe et al., 2015], passive ocean monitoring across basin scales (i.e., between hydrophones separated by ∼1000 km) may require at least 10 weeks of averaging time to extract coherent arrivals; but such an averaging time would be too long to capture some aspects of the mesoscale variability of the ocean. To address this limitation, we will demonstrate with simulation and data that the use of a stochastic search algorithm to correct and track these rapid environmental fluctuations can reduce the required averaging time to extract coherent arrivals from noise correlations in a fluctuating medium. The algorithm optimizes the output of an objective function based on a matched filter that uses a known reference waveform to track a set of weak coherent arrivals buried in noise.
Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Features of the Cynomolgus Macaque Cervix

Female macaques serve as an important model for the study of reproductive diseases in women. Here we summarize characteristics of the macaque cervix, with a particular emphasis on the cynomolgus macaque. Key anatomic features include a stratified squamous exocervix, squamocolumnar junction and transformation zone, and glandular endocervix with prominent colliculi. Endocervical eversion occurs with onset of ovarian cycling and regresses to varying degrees based on age, hormonal status, and individual conformation. The cervical epithelium in macaques is highly responsive to estrogens, which induce marked squamous epithelial maturation and glandular hypertrophy. Progestogen effects include further induction of endocervical secretory activity and release of viscous mucus, which functions in both mucosal immunity and fertility regulation. On immunohistochemistry, the squamous cervix shows strong expression of estrogen receptor α, the proliferation marker Ki67/MIB1, and cytokeratin 14, whereas endocervical epit...
Measurements of redox activity at the plasmalemma

Studies of the components and role of redox activity at the plasmalemma are dependent on the use of sensitive assay procedures. Many methods have been developed to measure redox activity, but special problems arise when the plasmalemma is the focus of the investigation. In this review, the methods and probes for analyzing electron transport at the plasmalemma are critically evaluated. Determinations of hydrogen peroxide are also included, although no firm evidence exists that the appearance of this substance is dependent on transplasmalemma electron transport. Procedures include those based on light absorption (spectrophatometric) and electrical changes (polarographic, potentiometric, amperometric/coulometric), as well as those dependent on radioactive, fluorescent, light emitting and electron spin resonance probes. The estimation of proton fluxes in the presence of redox probes is also considered. It is concluded that measurements of redox activity at the plasmalemma can be performed on tissues, cells, membrane vesicles and solubilized preparations, but no one procedure is ideal; furthermore, care must be taken to insure that the probes themselves are not altering the system being studied.
Court intervention to address the mental health needs of mentally ill offenders.

Criminalization of chronically and severely mentally ill persons is a pressing problem (Lamb and Grant, 1982; Hoffman, 1990; Miller, 1992; Torrey and others, 1993; Draine, Solomon, and Meyerson, 1994; Lamb and others, 1995). Criminalization refers to placing mentally ill persons who have committed minor crimes into the criminal justice system instead of into the mental health system, in psychiatric hospitals or other psychiatric treatment facilities. How did criminalization come about? Before deinstitutionalization,
Tyrosine phosphorylation of QKI mediates developmental signals to regulate mRNA metabolism

The selective RNA-binding protein QKI is essential for myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). QKI belongs to the family of signal transduction activators of RNA (STARs), characteristic of binding RNA and signaling molecules, therefore is postulated to regulate RNA homeostasis in response to developmental signals. Here we report that QKI acts downstream of the Src family protein tyrosine kinases (Src-PTKs) during CNS myelination. QKI selectively interacted with the mRNA encoding the myelin basic protein (MBP). Such interaction stabilized MBP mRNA and was required for the rapid accumulation of MBP mRNA during active myelinogenesis. We found that the interaction between QKI and MBP mRNA was negatively regulated by Src-PTK-dependent phosphorylation of QKI. During early myelin development, tyrosine phosphorylation of QKI in the developing myelin drastically declined, presumably leading to enhanced interactions between QKI and MBP mRNA, which was associated with the rapid accumulation of MBP mRNA and accelerated myelin production. Therefore, developmental regulation of Src-PTK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of QKI suggests a novel mechanism for accelerating CNS myelinogenesis via regulating mRNA metabolism.
Characterization of a Plant-like Protochlorophyllide a Divinyl Reductase in Green Sulfur Bacteria

The green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum synthesizes three types of (bacterio)chlorophyll ((B)Chl): BChl aP, Chl aPD, and BChl cF. During the synthesis of all three molecules, a C-8 vinyl substituent is reduced to an ethyl group, and in the case of BChl cF, the C-82 carbon of this ethyl group is subsequently methylated once or twice by the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme BchQ. The C. tepidum genome contains homologs of two genes, bchJ (CT2014) and CT1063, that are highly homologous to genes, bchJ and AT5G18660, and that have been reported to encode C-8 vinyl reductases in Rhodobacter capsulatus and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. To determine which gene product actually encodes a C-8 vinyl reductase activity, the bchJ and CT1063 genes were insertionally inactivated in C. tepidum. All three Chls synthesized by the CT1063 mutant of C. tepidum have a C-8 vinyl group. Using NADPH but not NADH as reductant, recombinant BciA reduces the C-8 vinyl group of 3,8-divinyl-protochlorophyllide in vitro. These data demonstrate that CT1063, renamed bciA, encodes a C-8 divinyl reductase in C. tepidum. The bchJ mutant produces detectable amounts of Chl aPD, BChl aP, and BChl cF, all of which have reduced C-8 substituents, but the mutant cells secrete large amounts of 3,8-divinyl-protochlorophyllide a into the growth medium and have a greatly reduced BChl cF content. The results suggest that BchJ may play an important role in substrate channeling and/or regulation of Chl biosynthesis but show that it is not a vinyl reductase. Because only some Chl-synthesizing organisms possess homologs of bciA, at least two types of C-8 vinyl reductases must occur.
Chlamydiosis in Mariculture-reared Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas)

From August 1990 to June 1991, a moderate die-off of 4- to 5-year-old green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) occurred at Cayman Turtle Farm, Grand Cayman, British West Indies. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and inability to dive. Many of the ill turtles floated on the surface of their tanks. There was no apparent sex predilection. Complete necropsies, including histopathologic examination of tissues, were performed on eight turtles. Necropsies revealed multiple irregular discrete to patchy 1-10 mm pale gray foci throughout the hearts of four turtles. By light microscopic examination, the most severe and consistent lesions were necrotizing myocarditis, histiocytic to fibrinous splenitis, and hepatic lipidosis and necrosis. A mixed leukocytic infiltrate of acidophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes was present in affected areas of the heart. Other lesions included lymphocytic/plasmacytic interstitial nephritis, subacute interstitial pneumonia, subacute mesenteric vasculitis, chronic/active enteritis of the small intestine, and occasional granulomas associated with spirorchid trematode ova. Chlamydiae could be demonstrated in macrophages in sections of paraffin-embedded heart, liver, and spleen and in myocardial fibers and hepatocytes using a modified Macchiavello's stain. Chlamydial antigen was detected by light microscopic examination in the cytoplasm of myocardial fibers and in occasional hepatocytes using a commercially available genus-specific antichlamydial monoclonal antibody and the avidin biotin peroxidase complex staining method. Electron microscopic examination of the heart of the most severely affected turtle revealed developmental stages of chlamydial organisms. A suspension of heart from this turtle was inoculated into the yolk sacs of chicken embryos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fugue: a functional language for sound synthesis

A description is given of Fugue, a language that lets composers express signal processing algorithms for sound synthesis, musical scores, and higher level musical procedures all in one language. Fugue provides functions to create and manipulate sounds as abstract, immutable objects. The interactive language supports behavioral abstraction, so composers can manage complex musical structures. Fugue's capabilities and an example of a score it generated are examined. The implementation of Fugue in a combination of C and XLisp, to run on Unix workstations, is discussed. An example of how Fugue's implementation of lazy evaluation works is given. Future extensions and applications of Fugue are indicated. >
A First-Principles Study of the (111), (001) and (110) Surfaces of delta -Pu

Full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave (FP-LAPW) calculations for δ-Pu films up to seven layers at the ground antiferromagnetic state including spin-orbit coupling effects reveal that surface energy rapidly converges and the semi-infinite surface energy is predicted to be 1.18, 1.21, and 1.42 J/m2 for δ-Pu (111), (001), and (110) films, respectively. Density of states show that the 5f electrons of the three surfaces tend to be localized with a sequence of (111)→(001)→(110). It is also predicted that the work function of δ-Pu (110) films exhibits a quantum size effect up to seven layers, while the work functions of δ-Pu (001) and (111) films show some oscillations when the number of layers is less than five, while it becomes relatively stable when the number of layers is greater than five. In addition, the work functions are predicted to be 3.41, 3.11, and 2.99 eV for δ-Pu (111), (001), and (110) films at the ground state, respectively. Comparisons with available experimental and theoretical results in the literature show good agreement.
Incomplete Endograft Apposition to the Aortic Arch: Bird-Beak Configuration Increases Risk of Endoleak Formation after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Our findings revealed the negative effect of bird-beak configuration on the clinical outcome after thoracic endovascular aortic repair and call for heightened awareness about bird-beak configuration with respect to preprocedural planning and postprocedural image interpretation and follow-up protocols.
STOIC COMMUNITARIANISM AND NORMATIVE CITIZENSHIP

This essay argues that Stoicism is the ancient philosophy most relevant to modern politics and civic education. Its relevance is due not to the advocacy of any specific political system or public policy but to its theory that the human good depends primarily on rationality and excellence of character rather than on material prosperity and productivity. According to Stoicism, all human beings are related to one another in virtue of our communal nature as rational animals. Reflection on the norms of human nature persuaded the Stoics that we all share a common interest in living just and mutually beneficial lives. This principle, though it favors an equitable distribution of goods and services, makes rationality and integrity, rather than material prosperity, the essential values of community and the measure of normative citizenship and lawmaking. Our goal as Stoic citizens is to practice the art of what is always possible or in our power—doing our best to live mutually beneficial and well-reasoned lives—while recognizing that the external success we are naturally inclined to aim at may be frustrated because we live in a world we can never fully control.
Day in the Life: The Federal Communications Commission

There is reason enough to assert that everything the Federal Communications Commission does is wrong. But such assertions are almost universally dismissed as exaggerations. This article represents one FCC commissioner's effort to support such assertions with a detailed walk through one week's agenda of items, on a date picked at random -- a typical Commission work day neither better nor worse than any other. It concludes that if there is to be any immediate hope for the FCC, it lies with the courts.
Abstract B65: Colorectal cancer screening in nonadherent black Americans

Background: Compared with other racial groups, Black Americans have higher incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) and lower screening rates. Theory-based tailored interventions to increase screening are more likely to be successful, especially those tailoring on stage of adoption. The purpose of our study was to examine predictors of stage of adoption for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy screening among non-adherent Black Americans. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from 817 Black primary care patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Participants were categorized into precontemplation, contemplation, or preparation groups. Predictor variables examined included: demographics (age, gender, education, employment, income, health insurance, and clinical site), clinical variables (body mass index, family history of CRC, and personal history of cancer), CRC health beliefs and knowledge (perceived risk, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cancer fatalism, and knowledge), and social support (marital status, family/friend encouragement, and doctor recommendation). Hierarchical modeling was used to identify significant predictors with p value equal to or less than 0.01. Results: Participants who: were older (OR = 1.04, p = .003); male (OR = 1.70, p = .007); seen at a VA site (OR = 2.80, p Conclusion: Enhancing self-efficacy and encouragements from family and friends may be important components of interventions to promote CRC screening among Black Americans. Healthcare providers can utilize knowledge of the characteristics associated with stage of adoption to educate and motivate their primary care Black American patients to complete CRC screening tests. Citation Format: Hsiao-Lan Wang, Shannon M. Christy, Celette S. Skinner, Victoria L. Champion, Victoria L. Champion, Jeffrey K. Springston, Susan M. Perkins, Susan M. Perkins, Yan Tong, Connie Krier, Netsanet Gebregziabher, Susan M. Rawl, Susan M. Rawl. Colorectal cancer screening in nonadherent black Americans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B65. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B65
Selective differences in vascular endothelial- vs. airway epithelial-T cell adhesion mechanisms

The basis for T cell adhesion to airway epithelial and vascular endothelial cells was studied using a quantitative flow cytometry-based assay that avoids extensive leukocyte purification and labeling. Compared with standard cell-labeling methods, the flow cytometry-based assay yielded a lower level of constitutive T cell adhesion, despite a similar level of stimulated adhesion (after T cell activation with phorbol dibutyrate) using endothelial or epithelial cell monolayers. Endothelial T cell adhesion was further increased by monolayer treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (less so with interleukin-1 beta and least with interferon-gamma), whereas epithelial T cell adhesion was most sensitive to interferon-gamma. Cytokine stimulation of adhesion was invariably concentration dependent and closely matched to the cellular levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Accordingly, stimulated T cell adhesion was markedly inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 or anti-beta 2-integrin antibody (95-97% inhibition for epithelial cells and 57-67% inhibition for endothelial cells) directed against ICAM-1 interaction with lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; alpha L beta 2-integrin). Residual endothelial T cell adhesion that correlated with endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels was blocked by an anti-alpha 4-integrin antibody directed against VCAM-1 interaction with very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4; alpha 4 beta 1-integrin). The results suggest that 1) peripheral blood T cells without exogenous activation exhibit little LFA-1- or VLA-4-dependent adherence except to endothelial or epithelial cells expressing high levels of ICAM-1 and/or VCAM-1; and 2) differences in endothelial vs. epithelial cell mechanisms to bind activated and unactivated T cells (e.g., dependence on a mixed- vs. a single-ligand system and distinct cytokine-responsiveness of ligand levels) may help to coordinate T cell traffic to epithelial barriers.
Plantwide Control of a Hybrid Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle/Methanol Plant

The coupling of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) electric power plant with a hydrogen-consuming chemical (methanol) plant can handle swings in electric power demand. Hydrogen gas from the combustion turbine and synthesis gas from the gasifier can be diverted to a methanol plant for the production of an easily stored, hydrogen-consuming liquid product. This paper extends previous work on dynamic studies of a gasifier and downstream units of an IGCC to explore the steady-state economic design, control, and successful turndown of the methanol plant. The plantwide control structure and interaction among units are also shown. The methanol plant is sized to reduce the power generation from an IGCC by 50%, producing a high-purity methanol stream of 99.5 mol %. Regulatory control structures are designed and play a significant role for the successful turndown of the methanol plant to 20% capacity. The exit temperature of the cooled tubular methanol reactor is controlled instead of a peak temperatur...
Lipid Mobilizer Hormone in Triton Hyperlipemia.

SummaryTests were performed on baseline and periodic blood samples obtained from rabbits treated with intramuscular injections of Triton WR-1339. The ensuing hyper-lipemia was characterized by marked elevation in total fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, lipid phosphorus, and total lipids. Paper electrophoresis revealed a concomitant increase in β-lipoproteins. Lipid mobilizer (LM) also increased strikingly, as was determined indirectly by testing plasma aliquots for inhibition of heparin activated clearing lipase. On the basis of these and related studies, is is suggested that Triton hyper-lipemia is produced, at least in part, through sustained release of increased amounts of LM which mobilize triglycerides to the portal circulation. Furthermore, Triton modifies metabolic activity of the liver so that post-hepatic hyperphospholipidemia and hypercholester-emia ensue.
Rewards and Challenges of Community Health Center Practice

Background: More than 1100 community health centers (CHCs) in the United States provide primary care to 20 million underserved patients annually. CHCs have struggled to recruit and retain qualified...
Redox-Active Ligand-Mediated Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination at Square Planar Cobalt(III): Multielectron Reactions for Cross-Coupling

Square planar cobalt(III) complexes with redox-active amidophenolate ligands are strong nucleophiles that react with alkyl halides, including CH2Cl2, under gentle conditions to generate stable square pyramidal alkylcobalt(III) complexes. The net electrophilic addition reactions formally require 2e− oxidation of the metal fragment, but there is no change in metal oxidation state because the reaction proceeds with 1e− oxidation of each amidophenolate ligand. Although the four-coordinate complexes are very strong nucleophiles, they are mild outer-sphere reductants. Accordingly, addition of alkyl- or phenylzinc halides to the five-coordinate organometallic complexes regenerates the square planar starting materials and extrudes C−C coupling products. The net 2e− reductive elimination reaction also occurs without a oxidation state change at the cobalt(III) center. Together these reactions comprise a complete, well-defined cycle for cobalt Negishi-like cross-coupling of alkyl halides with organozinc reagents.
p-Nitrophenyl-β-d-xyloside modulates proteoglycan synthesis and secretory differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures

Primary cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells synthesize significant quantities of chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (16). Long term treatment of such cultures with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside leads to a 10–20 fold increase in the synthesis and secretion of free chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains and assembly of a cell-associated matrix that is relatively enriched in heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
Application of Elman neural network model to predict therate of Bacterial foodborne diseases

Objective To establish the incidence prediction model of bacterial foodborne diseases based on the Elman neural network,and explore the potential application of Elman neural network model to predict the rate of bacterial foodborne diseases in infectious diarrhea cases. Methods Elman neural network model was established using the epidemic data of baterical foodborne disease in Shenzhen city from January 1,2008 to December 31,2012,and the predictive performance was measured and accessed using the data from January 1 to June 30,2013. Results The optimal Elman recurrent network structure was 12-32-1-1,and the simulation results mean error square( MSE) was 65. 75. Further research found that the mean absolute error( MAE) of prediction results of the test-set using the optimal Elman neural network model was1. 20,the mean error rate( MER) was 0. 21,and nonlinear correlation coefficient( RNL) was 0. 79. Conclusion The prediction model based on the Elman recurrent network was performed well on the incidence prediction of bacterial foodborne diseases.
The Influence of Ovariectomy and Estradiol Replacement on Urinary Bladder Function in Rats

Female Fischer 344 rats were ovariectomized or sham operated and treated with oil or estradiol cypionate (100 mg./100 gm./month) for two or four months. Rats were then placed in metabolism cages for measurement of micturition characteristics, and bladders were removed for bladder strip studies. Ovariectomy had no effects on micturition characteristics. However, estradiol treatment of ovariectomized rats caused significant increases in water consumption and urine excretion, and in mean and maximal micturition volumes compared to both ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. These effects were more pronounced at four months. Estradiol treatment also caused significant increases in bladder body mass, while ovariectomy was without effect. Two months after ovariectomy and/or estradiol treatment, there were no differences in contractile responses of bladder body or base strips to contractile agents when compared to shams. However, after four months, ovariectomy caused significant decreases in contractile responsiveness to nerve stimulation. ATP, carbachol, and KCl compared to sham-operated rats. Estradiol treatment caused increased responsiveness to nerve stimulation, ATP, carbachol, and KCl compared to ovariectomized rats, and to carbachol compared to sham operated rats. Possible causes for the effects of ovariectomy on bladder contractility include decreases in calcium influx. Although estradiol reversed the effects of ovariectomy on bladder function, in addition we observed some indirect effects which were probably the result of estradiol-induced polyuria and increases in bladder mass.
A Triple-Bottom-Line Analysis of Energy-Efficient Lighting

Lighting trends worldwide are shifting toward greater energy efficiency as incandescent light bulbs are being discarded in favor of higher efficiency compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). As energy-efficient lighting becomes the new norm, payoffs are likely to be seen through reductions in utility bills, energy consumption, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. These changes in lighting practices can be used as a framework for students to explore the larger concepts of energy use, energy efficiency, environmental impacts, and sustainability. The activity described in this chapter situates this exploration within the context of the university campus by having students evaluate the sustainability of a campus lighting project using the model of the triple bottom line. Students calculate the payback period of a lighting project, estimate the effects on associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and reflect on the societal impacts of the lighting project in particular and of energy efficiency in general. After completing the activity, students should be able to (1) compare and contrast the energy efficiency of incandescent, CFL, and LED light bulbs; (2) calculate the costs over time and payback periods for using different models of light bulbs; (3) estimate the CO2 emissions attributed to electricity use for lighting; (4) describe the relationship among energy use, economic costs, and CO2 emissions; and (5) apply the triple-bottom-line perspective to lighting choices and to decision-making on personal and institutional levels.
Minkowski Spaces, the Theorems of Deicke and Brickell

Let y y ↦ F(y) be a Minkowski norm on n. It is nonnegative and has the following defining properties.
Nomenclatural Adjustments in Phacelia sect. Glandulosae (Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginales)

Abstract. Three taxa are recognized at the rank of species based on molecular phylogenetic studies in Phacelia sect. Glandulosae (Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginales). Results of those studies did not support a monophyletic Phacelia crenulata Torr. ex S. Watson, because 3 varieties of that species were supported as distinct lineages based on molecular (nuclear and chloroplast) and morphological characters. Typification and status is clarified for P. corrugata A. Nelson and P. orbicularis Rydb. A new nomenclatural combination for P. crenulata var. angustifolia N.D. Atwood is established to elevate that variety to species rank, as Phacelia angustifolia (N.D. Atwood) Walden, comb. et stat. nov.
Quantitative Assessment of Peroneal Artery Pressure at the Ankle With Noninvasive Vascular Testing

Although the foot and ankle derives its arterial supply from a combination of the anterior tibial artery (ATA), posterior tibial artery (PTA), and peroneal artery (PA), the focus of clinical examination techniques and noninvasive vascular testing is primarily on the ATA and PTA and not on the PA. The objectives of the present investigation were to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating an assessment of the PA into a noninvasive vascular testing protocol and to collect normative data of pressure measurements of the PA at the ankle. We attempted to locate a Doppler signal of the PA posterior to the lateral malleolus in consecutive patients undergoing our institution's standard protocol for lower extremity noninvasive vascular testing using the ankle-brachial index and photoplethysmography. An audible signal of the PA with an available pressure measurement recording posterior to the lateral malleolus was found in a large majority (92.0%) of the studied legs with peripheral arterial disease. We also found pressure measurements in the PA generally equivalent to that of the ATA and PTA. The mean ± standard deviation systolic pressure of the PA was 130.33 ± 44.74 (range 54 to 255) mm Hg, with a corresponding ankle-brachial index of 0.92. The results of the present investigation provide unique information on a potentially underappreciated aspect of lower extremity vascular anatomy with the potential to affect rearfoot surgical decision making and planning.
Butterfly Effect in Social Network: Analysis of Churn Under Network Influence

The extent of network effect has always been in the top five questions of marketers, yet emerging online social networks facilitated the empirical analysis of social networks for marketers. Although online social networks are cent source of network effect analysis, yet due to the lack of sales data the social network effect on sales is still in top ten questions of social network marketers. On the other hand, telecommunication network is grandiose source of social network information due to its neat network structure design, even though it has not been extensively analysed for social network, and network effects. What discriminates telecommunication network from other social network is that it is source of sales data as well. In this paper we will analyze network effect on churn in telecommunication network. We found out that under asymmetric social network market structure, number of calls received from churn customer, network degree of people a customer is contact with play signficant role in consumer probability of churn. We exerted hazard model of left censoring to achieve the result. Our findings have interesting implication for managers of social networks, making them cognizant of butter y effect of unprofitable customers instigating bullwhip effect of high user customer hazard. Based on our study, we can recommend managers to be attentive about unprofitable customers who call high user customers, incentivise them to reduce the churn probability of high value customers, resulting in reduction of churn of all the network base.
On A Generalization of Robust Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems

Abstract In this paper we consider a generalization of the robust supervisory control problem introduced by Lin (Lin, 1993), improved by Takai (Takai, 2000; Takai, 2002), Park and Lim (Park and Lim, 2000; Park and Lim, 2002) and Cury and Krogh (Cury and Krogh, 1999). Following the formalism in (Lin, 1993), we suppose the plant language L(G) ⊆ Σ* belongs to a finite collection of non-empty, prefix-closed languages L(G) Є {L1, L2,...,Ln}, where Li(≠0) ⊆ Σ*, i Є {1, 2,..., n}. The event-set Σ is partitioned into controllable (Σc) and uncontrollable (Σu) subsets respectively. We assume all events are observable, and the supervisor has no prior knowledge as to the value of L(G) Є {L1, L2,..., Ln}. For each Li ⊆ Σ* we suppose there exists a prefix-closed language Ki ⊆ Li. We present three conditions that are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a supervisor that enforces Ki if the plant language L(G) = Li. It is possible that for a given choice of the sets {L1, L2,..., Ln} and {K1, K2,..., Kn}, the conditions identified in this paper are not satisfied. This calls for finding a { K 1 , K 2 , ... K n } , such that ∀ i Є { 1 , 2 , ... , n } , K i ⊆ K i that meets the required conditions, and each K ⌢ satisfies some property that we might be interested in. The search for a satisfactory { K 1 , K 2 , ... , K n } using the notion of monotone properties is also presented.