cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suicide related events and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatments in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of atomoxetine and methylphenidate comparator clinical trials.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming an increasingly commonly diagnosed and treated childhood illness. Untreated ADHD is recognised as an independent risk factor for suicide-related events and deliberate self-harm and is reported more commonly in these populations. With the treatment of ADHD it is thus crucial to understand further any associations between pharmacological treatments and suicide-related events. Specific data for suicide-related events with stimulants have not been publically reported. Suicidal tendencies are, however, a contraindication to the treatment of patients with methylphenidate. Clinicians and patients may be helped by a meta-analytic comparison of suicide-related events in comparative randomised double-blind atomoxetine and methylphenidate clinical trials. Methods: Suicide-related events retrospectively mapped to the suicide-related event assessment instrument recommended by the FDA, the Columbia Classification Algorithm for Suicide Assessment (C-CASA), were evaluated in five double-blind placebo controlled comparative studies of atomoxetine and methylphenidate (n = 1024) of 6 to 9 weeks duration. The Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio and Mantel-Haenszel incidence differences have been calculated. Results: In total there were 5 suicide-related events, atomoxetine (ATX) 3/559 and methylphenidate (MPH) 2/465. There were no suicide attempts nor completed suicides. Meta-analysis finds no difference of a difference in risk between ATX and MPH with a Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio of 0.52 (95% CI; 0.06, 4.54). Conclusion: In the only reported meta-analysis of comparative suicide-related events between atomoxetine and methylphenidate, no significant evidence of a difference in risk has been found. These data may be informative to clinicians and patients when developing clinical guidelines.
Cerebral anoxia: effect on neuron-glia fractions and polysomal protein synthesis.

— The incorporation of [3H]leucine into proteins of neuron-enriched and glia-enriched fractions was studied after various periods of anoxia produced in vitro in rabbit brain. Protein synthesis was carried out with brain slices, and the cellular fractions were subsequently separated with Ficoll density gradient ultracentrifugation. Leucine incorporation decreased promptly even at the early stage of cerebral anoxia (less than 10 min) and the incorporation in the glial fraction declined at least as much as the incorporation in the neuronal fraction. To substantiate that these changes were based on functional alteration of post-transcriptional or translational mechanism at the polysomal level, polysomes were isolated from anoxic brain slices and polypeptide synthesis was carried out in vitro. The decrease of polypeptide synthesis correlated well with the decline of leucine incorporation in brain slices. Polypeptide synthesis decreased sharply between the 10-min and the 20-min anoxic period and a corresponding decrease of the polysomal peak was observed on the polysomal aggregation profile. This study indicated rapid and diffuse inhibition of protein synthesis in cerebral anoxia both in the neuronal and glial elements, the inhibition being based on the alteration of the mechanism for polypeptide synthesis at the polysomal level.
Paraneoplastic Disorders in Dogs with Hematopoietic Tumors

Often overlooked in the presence of neoplasia, PNDs constitute significant clinical entities in dogs with hematopoietic tumors. They may cause morbidity and mortality in such patients, with effects more severe than those caused by the associated tumor. Accurate clinical evaluation of these disorders is important in differential diagnosis and treatment, for failure to realize that cancer can produce many clinical signs similar to those of other diseases may lead to incorrect diagnosis and delayed therapy. Early recognition of the problem underlying the PND is essential to selecting the proper therapeutic approach and maximizing the patient's chances for remission and survival. The presence of these disorders may complicate or rule out the preferred therapy in some cases of hematopoietic neoplasia, because the addition of cytotoxic drugs may worsen the existing PND, predisposing the dog to a variety of complications. Appropriate management of the PND may be of more immediate importance than treatment of the tumor. The study and recognition of PNDs in dogs with hematopoietic tumors may be valuable for a number of reasons: to facilitate early diagnosis of the tumor, for the observed abnormalities may represent tumor cell markers; to allow assessment of premalignant states; to aid in the search for metastases; to help quantify and monitor response to therapy; to aid in the evaluation of tumor recurrence or progression; to aid in identifying specific pathophysiologic processes by which cancer produces systemic effects; and to provide insight into the study of malignant transformation. Recognition of PNDs is relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of many problems in veterinary cancer medicine. With increasing emphasis on diagnosis and treatment of canine hematopoietic tumors, PNDs will be recognized with greater frequency and will assume greater importance in the therapeutic management of those patients. Research in veterinary and human cancer medicine needs to be directed toward identifying more definitively those substances and pathways that are responsible for PNDs, because therapy directed toward arresting the specific pathophysiologic processes causing the PND may offer the best approach for successful management of cancer.
Increased Natural Ventilation Flow Rates through Ventilation Shafts

AbstractBuoyancy-driven natural ventilation in ventilation shafts is investigated with a small scale physical experiment within a duct and CFD simulations of an office building. For a fixed exhaust opening, smaller shafts lead to higher flow rates in upper floors of a multi-storey building with a shared ventilation shaft. These higher flow rates are caused by increased vertical momentum within the smaller shafts that induce flow through upper floors, an effect referred to as the “ejector effect”. In the small scale duct, a 0.5 m by 0.5 m shaft leads to a slight reverse flow of 0.0029 m3/s through the upper floor. Holding all other parameters constant and reducing the shaft to 0.25 m by 0.5 m leads to a positive flow rate of 0.012 m3/s through the upper floor. In the CFD simulations of a three storey office building, this same pattern is observed. A 3 m by 2 m shaft leads to a flow rate of 0.0168 m3/s through the third floor, while the reduced shaft of 2 m by 2 m leads to a flow rate of 0.766 m3/s through ...
The Experience of Ethnic and Racial Group Membership among Immigrant-Origin Adolescents.

Immigrant-origin adolescents in the United States face a number of stressors across different social contexts (e.g., home, school), and yet, distress related to these stressors often goes unnoticed...
The evolving and interacting bases of EU environmental policy legitimacy

ABSTRACTSome recent scholarship has focused on concerns that implementation and compliance difficulties are undermining the legitimacy of European Union environmental policies and even the EU itself. Other officials and analysts, however, contend that environmental policy is one of the EU’s most successful policy areas. While most discuss ‘legitimacy’ in unspecified or dichotomous terms, it is instead a more nuanced and contested concept. This study investigates several evolving and interacting bases of legitimacies associated with ’permissive acceptance’ (based upon functional need, scientific and technical authority, and policy effectiveness), ‘appropriateness’ (based upon normative consensus, legalization, and adjudication), democracy (based upon representation, participation, and deliberation), and identity (based upon global leadership and ‘othering’). These legitimacies vary in terms of their strength, stability, and durability among the multiple European actors and institutions.
Validation of PCR for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from corneal samples

AIM:To determine a species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) assay to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa( PA) ,a secondary DNA target for PA that may provide a universal target for other bacterial pathogens,and validate both assays for diagnostic testing. METHODS:PCR detection was established against the ecfX PA gene and the 16S rRNA gene using known PA keratitis isolates. The outcome parameters for both assays were " limit of detection" ( LOD) ,amplification efficiency ( AE) ,and PAGE amplified product analysis. Both assays were validated against 20 true-positive clinical samples positive for PA DNA and 20 true-negative samples containing no PA DNA. Descriptive statistics and PAGE analysis were used as outcome parameters. RESULTS:AE of the ecfX assay was 96.6%,and LOD was 33. 6 copies of target DNA per microliter. AE of the 16S rRNA assay was 103.4%,and LOD was 8.12 copies per microliter. The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and efficiency for the ecfX and 16S rRNA assays were ( 75%,95%,94%,79%,and 85%) ,and ( 70%,100%,100%,77%,and 85%) ,respectively. Both PCR assays were validated,followed by confirmation of DNA patterns from PAGE analysis. CONCLUSION:The PCR methodology described here may be a useful adjunct to standard methods in the diagnosis of PA keratitis.
Tibiofemoral joint subchondral surface conformity: Individual variability with race and sex-specific trends.

Abstract Background Femoral and tibial subchondral surface morphology has been extensively studied to aid in anatomically correct total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implant design. Emphasis has been placed on shape variations in individual bones, and person-to-person variability in joint conformity has been overlooked. The purpose of this study is to 1) determine individual variability in key measures of tibiofemoral joint conformity, and 2) determine whether variability differs by sex or race. Methods Laser-scanner-generated surface models of tibiofemoral joints were obtained from 165 archival skeletons (at death: age 28.8±7.6years; 85 African-American, 80 Caucasian, 86 men, 79 women). Ratios and correlations were determined among related femoral and tibial subchondral surface areas (SA), alignment, curvatures, and linear dimensions between opposing surfaces with stratification by race and sex. Results Anterior–posterior length (R=0.80, p Conclusions There is high individual variability in tibiofemoral joint conformity at the subchondral surface, and for some measures this variability is sex-or-race specific. Key measures of joint conformity including surface area, curvature, width, and depth covary weakly or not at all, and a wide range of TKA component sizes and shapes would be required to accurately replicate native joint conformity in most people.
Induction of Enzymes for Health Benefits

Phase II detoxification enzymes play an important role in antioxidant defense by eliminating electrophilic intermediates and reactive oxygen species. This is done by up regulating the mechanisms that keep reactive intermediates at a minimum level and improving the mechanisms that scavenge oxidants. The ability of individuals to remove chemically active metabolites from the body plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of a variety of disease conditions. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive electrophilic species are neither readily detoxified by phase II enzymes nor compensated for by the body’s antioxidant defense systems. It has been reported that oxidative stress causes inflammation and damages to cells and tissues, which could attribute to many disease conditions (e.g., cancer, atherosclerosis, heart disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, and Alzheimer). Diseases associated with aging also have underlying ­oxidative stress and inflammatory components.
Nonstatins and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors: Role in Non‐Familial Hypercholesterolemia

After maximizing statin and lifestyle adherence, some patients may benefit from additional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering. The potential for net benefit from added therapy can inform nonstatin decision-making. Considering patient risk and the LDL-C level on statin, the additional potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction benefit from further lowering LDL-C depends on the magnitude of LDL-C lowering from the nonstatin. Ezetimibe is the only nonstatin shown to reduce atherosclerotic CVD events added to a statin, albeit modestly, since it modestly reduces LDL-C by about 20%. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Like/Kexin Type 9 mononclonal antibodies lower LDL-Cby 45-65%, but definitive CVD outcomes and safety trials are pending. Niacin and fenofibrate do not clearly reduce CVD events in statin-treated patients, and may increase adverse events. Bile acid sequestrants have not been evaluated in CVD outcome trials in statin-treated patients, and have an excess of adverse effects. Cost also plays a role in access to nonstatin therapy. These considerations may inform shared decision-making.
Northwest Africa 5790: A previously unsampled portion of the upper part of the nakhlite pile

We present a geochemical study of recently discovered Martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 5790 and use our results to constrain its origin and relationship with the other nakhlites. This nakhlite is a clinopyroxene cumulate composed of phenocrysts of augite, olivine, and rare oxides surrounded by a mesostasis composed of vitrophyric glass, feldspars, oxides, phosphates, and fine-grained olivines and augite. Petrography, and major and trace element compositions of the phases present are consistent with derivation of NWA 5790 from a parental magma common to all the nakhlites. Olivine cores grew from a distinct, incompatible-element enriched magma and are surrounded by rims containing augite inclusions that grew from the nakhlite parental liquid, supporting previous arguments for xenocrystic olivine cores in nakhlites. Rare earth element microdistributions suggest derivation of NWA 5790 augites from an evolved, relatively oxidized magma, produced by augite fractionation from the common nakhlite parental liquid. Augite grain shapes and CSD patterns are consistent with rapid cooling and derivation near the top of the nakhlite cumulate pile, but patterns are distinct from other nakhlites thought to have formed near the stratigraphic top. The high mesostasis abundance (~44 vol%) indicates solidification near the top of the nakhlite pile close to locations suggested for nakhlites NWA 817 and Miller Range (MIL) 03346. However, the geochemical and petrographic characteristics of these three samples do not permit their placement in a simple stratigraphic order as would occur in a single lava flow. This lack of simple ordering suggests that the nakhlite lava flow split into multiple sections as would occur during breakouts from a single lava flow. Finally we note that NWA 5790 is unique among currently available nakhlites in having phenocryst abundances low enough to allow it to flow.
A Quick Reference on Hypoxemia

This article describes the calculation of the alveolar-arterial gas gradient and its clinical application in determining the cause of hypoxemia. It also outlines the analysis of arterial blood gases and the clinical approach toward diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease.
Drug–Drug Interactions and Diagnostics for Drug Users With HIV and HIV/HCV Coinfections: Introduction

Substance use and pharmacologic treatment of co-occurring infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with many adverse consequences including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The National Institute on Drug Abuse sponsored a 2-day conference on DDIs at which clinicians/scientists from government, academia, and the pharmaceutical industry presented the most current research findings to formulate a comprehensive overview of DDIs. Specific topics discussed included drug metabolism; drug interactions between medications used in the treatment of HIV, HCV, and substance use disorders; intrahepatic concentrations and methods of assessment of drugs in liver disease of varying etiologies and degrees of impairment; and minimally invasive sampling techniques for the assessment of intrahepatic drug concentrations, viral replication, and changes in gene expression in response to treatment. Finally, the speakers identified research targets and priorities on DDIs. Areas of emphasis included development of diagnostic assays for drug concentration assessment in different organs, an enhanced understanding of factors responsible for alterations in drug metabolism and excretion, and establishment of clinical trials and work groups to study DDIs. Our long-term objective is to broaden investigation in the field of DDIs in substance users.
Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Rehabilitates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury

Background Sepsis is the number one cause of lung injury in adults. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is gaining clinical acceptance for donor lung evaluation and rehabilitation and may expand the use of marginal organs for transplantation. We hypothesized that 4 hours of normothermic EVLP would improve compliance and oxygenation in a porcine model of sepsis-induced lung injury. Methods We used intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a systemic inflammatory response in a porcine model of lung injury. Two groups of 4 animals each received a 2-hour infusion of LPS through the external jugular vein. Serial measurements of blood gases were performed every 30 minutes until the partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio dropped below 150 on two consecutive readings. Lungs were then randomized to treatment with 4 hours of normothermic EVLP with STEEN Solution (XVIVO Perfusion Inc, Englewood, CO) or 4 additional hours of in vivo perfusion (control). Airway pressures and blood gases were recorded for calculation of dynamic lung compliance and partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratios. EVLP was performed with hourly recruitment maneuvers and oxygen challenge. Results All animals reached a partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio of less than 150 mm Hg within 3 hours after start of the LPS infusion. Oxygenation and compliance in the control animals continued to decline during the 4-hour in vivo perfusion period, and 3 of the 4 animals died of severe hypoxia within 4 hours. The EVLP group demonstrated significant improvements hour 1 to hour 4 in oxygenation (365.8 ± 53.0 vs 584.4 ± 21.0 mm Hg, p = 0.02) and dynamic compliance (9.0 ± 2.8 vs 15.0 ± 3.6, p = 0.02 mL/cm H 2 O). Conclusions EVLP successfully rehabilitated LPS-induced lung injury in this preclinical porcine model and may thus provide a means to rehabilitate many types of acute lung injury.
Oropharyngeal lymphoma: A US population based analysis.

Abstract Objectives To describe the epidemiology and analyze factors determinant of survival in patients with oropharyngeal lymphoma, using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Methods 2504 patients with oropharyngeal lymphoma were identified using the most recent SEER database entry from 1976 to 2016. Demographic information, Ann Arbor stage, tumor histopathology and location were collected. Multivariate analysis was used to analyze patient and tumor characteristics associated with survival. Results The mean age of the patients studied was 60.5 years, 58.4% of the subjects were male and 81% were white. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histologic subtype involving 56.9% of cases. The most common subsite of origin was the tonsil, with 71% of lymphomas originating from there. The association of survival with stage, age, tumor location, presence of B symptoms, tumor pathology, gender and race was analyzed using multivariate regression. Decreased survival was significantly associated with patient age p Conclusion Oropharyngeal lymphoma most commonly originates from the tonsil. DLBCL is the most common subtype and has a good prognosis. The presence of B symptoms, tumors originating from the soft palate and patients with T cell tumors have the worst prognosis. This information can potentially be of great utility to the head and neck surgeon discussing prognosis with patients suffering from oropharyngeal lymphoma.
Simulating Oppression: Digital Gaming, Race and the Education of African American Children

Educational game designers and educators are using digital games as a platform for teaching academic content, including multicultural curriculum. However, it is unclear how well digital game-based learning can coexist with the goals of multicultural education for the purpose of meeting the needs of African American children. In this essay, we raise serious questions about the use of digital games to teach about social oppression in ways that privilege the psychological well-being of African American children. We argue that digital games that intend to recreate histories of racial oppression can be harmful to African American children if they reproduce popular and problematic notions of indigenous lives and experiences. We illuminate some of the dangers of such digital games through a preliminary exploration of one digital game designed to teach about facets of African American enslavement. Our essay concludes with recommendations for culturally relevant digital game-based learning design and instruction.
Understanding Revenge Pornography: A National Survey of Police Officers and Staff in England and Wales:

Online abuse, facilitated via social media and mobile technologies, has recently attracted considerable academic attention. The nonconsensual sharing of intimate images-revenge pornography-can have a devastating effect on victims, is a global problem, and constitutes interpersonal violence. The national helpline in the United Kingdom has now received over 7,000 calls. In the United Kingdom, new legislation making revenge pornography a crime was introduced in 2014, yet the police do not always respond appropriately to victims. This article presents the findings of a national online survey of police understanding of revenge pornography, undertaken in the United Kingdom in March 2017. The study set out to investigate police knowledge of revenge pornography legislation, their confidence in responding to cases of revenge pornography, and what level of training they had received. A total of 783 members of the police force responded to the survey and, to the authors' knowledge, this the first study to seek to quantify the understanding of revenge pornography by police officers and staff in England and Wales. The findings suggest that the police in the United Kingdom have a limited understanding of revenge pornography legislation and lack confidence both in investigating cases and in effectively responding to victims. The implications of the study demonstrate that there is an urgent need for training across police forces to ensure that cases of revenge pornography are appropriately responded to, victims are safeguarded, and offenders brought to justice.
Experimental test of an online ion-optics optimizer

Abstract A technique has been developed and tested to automatically adjust multiple electrostatic or magnetic multipoles on an ion optical beam line – according to a defined optimization algorithm – until an optimal tune is found. This approach simplifies the process of determining high-performance optical tunes, satisfying a given set of optical properties, for an ion optical system. The optimization approach is based on the particle swarm method and is entirely model independent, thus the success of the optimization does not depend on the accuracy of an extant ion optical model of the system to be optimized. Initial test runs of a first order optimization of a low-energy ( 60 keV) all-electrostatic beamline at the NSCL show reliable convergence of nine quadrupole degrees of freedom to well-performing tunes within a reasonable number of trial solutions, roughly 500, with full beam optimization run times of roughly two hours. Improved tunes were found both for quasi-local optimizations and for quasi-global optimizations, indicating a good ability of the optimizer to find a solution with or without a well defined set of initial multipole settings.
Parental Divorce and Family History of Alcohol Disorder: Associations with Young Adults' Alcohol Problems, Marijuana Use, and Interpersonal Relations.

BACKGROUND This study used prospective data from 706 young adults to evaluate the impact of parental divorce and family history of alcoholism (FH+) on the outcomes of offspring alcohol problems, marijuana use, and interpersonal relationships with parents. METHODS Assessments of parental divorce were based on parent reports, and young adult outcomes were collected from an offspring cohort (n = 706; X age = 33.25 years; females = 53%) via computer-based individual interviews (CAPI and ACASI). Family history of alcohol disorders for parents was based on assessments by mothers, fathers, and young adults. RESULTS Parental divorce significantly predicted marijuana use but not alcohol problems. Maternal, but not paternal, alcoholism also significantly predicted marijuana use. Two-way interactions indicated that sex moderated several of the relationships. For example, among those with divorced parents, daughters reported higher levels of conflict with fathers than sons, and sons reported lower levels of maternal support than daughters. Paternal alcoholism was also associated with higher levels of alcohol problems among sons relative to daughters. There was also a significant 2-way interaction between divorce status and maternal alcoholism indicating that young adults who experienced both maternal alcoholism and parental divorce had the highest levels of marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role that parental divorce and FH+ have on alcohol problems, marijuana use, and interpersonal relationships in young adulthood, and how sex may moderate some of these more nuanced relationships.
Fermilab muon g-2 experiment

The Fermilab muon g -2 experiment will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ to 140 ppb – a four-fold improvement over the earlier Brookhaven experiment. The measurement of aμ is well known as a unique test of the standard model with broad sensitivity to new interactions, particles and phenomena. The goal of 140 ppb is commensurate with ongoing improvements in the SM prediction of the anomalous moment and addresses the longstanding 3.5σ discrepancy between the BNL result and the SM prediction. In this article I discuss the physics motivation and experimental technique for measuring aμ , and the current status and the future work for the project.
Probing Photoluminescence Dynamics in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystal/Fullerene Heterodimers with Single Molecule Spectroscopy

Single molecule optical spectroscopy (SMS) allows for the characterization of photoluminescence intensity and lifetime of a isolated colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal, which provide valuable information about its intrinsic structural defects and interactions with the external nanoenvironment. In this chapter, we describe the application of SMS for the study of photoluminescence blinking and photoinduced charge transfer in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals.
Techniques of Nerve Sparing in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Cancer prostate is the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the second most common cause of death in the United States of America. In 2009, as many 192,280 (25%) men were estimated as new diagnosis with prostate cancer (Jemal et al., CA Cancer J Clin 60(5):277–300, 2010). Of the several treatment options available, surgery is the gold standard and offers potential for long-term cure (Bil-Axelson et al., N Eng J Med 352(19):1977, 2005).
Voluntary ethanol consumption during early social isolation and responding for ethanol in adulthood.

Abstract Little is known about the influence of rearing environments concurrent with voluntary intermittent access to ethanol on subsequent adult ethanol-related behaviors. Previous research has shown that adult rats reared in post-weaning, social isolation conditions (IC) respond more for operant ethanol compared to laboratory standard conditions (SC). Ethanol-exposed adolescents tend to consume more ethanol in adulthood than rats exposed as adults. The current study examined voluntary ethanol consumption during adolescence between IC and SC rats, subsequent operant responding for ethanol, and extinction of responding in the same rats as adults. Differences in ethanol metabolism may alter the amount of reward value per unit of ethanol consumed. Therefore, the current study also examined blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) between IC rats and SC rats. Ethanol-naive Long-Evans rats arrived in the lab at postnatal day (PND) 21 and were separated into either IC or SC where they remained for the duration of the experiments. On PND 27, rats received intermittent access to 20% ethanol (3 days/week) for 4 or 6 weeks. Rats in the 6-week cohort were then trained to lever press for 20% ethanol in 30-min sessions followed by extinction. A separate cohort was reared in IC or SC, injected with 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg of ethanol (intraperitoneally [i.p.]), followed by BEC measurement. Overall, IC rats had higher ethanol preference and consumption during adolescence/early adulthood. IC and SC rats did not differ in their rates of operant responding for ethanol, and SC rats responded more than IC rats during extinction. There were no differences in BEC between IC and SC rats. These findings highlight the importance of the environment during rat adolescent development with isolation conditions increasing binge-like drinking and ethanol preference after 3–4 weeks without differences in metabolism as a potential factor. Additionally, the findings indicate that intermittent adolescent access to ethanol may change typical differences in operant responding patterns between IC and SC rats in adulthood.
Relationships of Online Social Comparison and Parenting Satisfaction among New Mothers: The Mediating Roles of Belonging and Emotion

New mothers frequently seek information and community on social networking sites as they seek to establish their parenting practices. As social networking sites for mothers (SNSM) present an enviro...
Combining measurements with models for superior information in hydropower plants

Abstract Water flow and pressure measurements play essential roles in the operation of hydropower plants. For all methods of measuring flow and pressure, there is a level of uncertainty with regards to sensor noise and sensor failure. In addition, measurements in key locations are hard to obtain. A combination of measurements with a mathematical model of a hydropower plant can be used to improve information about and operation of the hydropower system. This paper describes the possibility of using nonlinear estimators such as Ensemble or Unscented Kalman filters in order to estimate the states of the hydropower system based on water flow and/or pressure measurements. The implementation of the estimators is done in Python using a Python API for operating OpenModelica simulations, where the hydropower system is modeled using an in-house hydropower Modelica library — OpenHPL.
Association of Infections in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Device with Vasoplegia and Post-Cardiac Transplant Outcomes

Background LVAD-specific infections (LSI) are common in patients on LVAD support. The impact of LSI on post-heart transplant (HT) outcomes is not clear. We hypothesized that LSI are associated with higher rates of acute renal failure (ARF), rejection and mortality in the first year post-HT with perioperative vasoplegia serving as a mediating factor. Methods A retrospective analysis at our institution was conducted for all LVAD patients from 10/2012 to 9/2017 who received HT. Total artificial heart patients were excluded. LSI was defined as driveline infection, pump pocket, pump or cannula infection. Vasoplegia was considered present if the following criteria were met: epinephrine/norepinephrine ≥ 150 ng/kg/min, dopamine ≥ 10 ug/kg/min or vasopressin ≥ 4 U/hr at any time point or duration of inotropic support > 14 days with a cardiac index > 2.1 L/min/m2 and systemic vascular resistance less than 15 mmHg), or any use of methylene blue or vitamin B12 complex. The primary outcome was a composite of ARF, rejection (antibody-mediated or acute cellular rejection ≥ 2R or hemodynamic compromise), and mortality in the first year post-HT. Results A total of 105 patients were bridged to HT with LVAD therapy. Of these, 63 (60%) had evidence of an LSI pre-HT with a majority (92%) being driveline-associated. These patients were more likely to be men (85% vs 69%), have higher BSA (2.05 m2 vs 1.89 m2), and be UNOS 1A (97% vs 64%), but no differences were noted in BMI, etiology of cardiomyopathy, device type, duration on LVAD support, or medical therapy. Among patients with LSI, there was an equal distribution of gram positive and negative organisms identified and 56% were on oral antibiotics vs 41% on IV antibiotics. The incidence of vasoplegia in the overall cohort was 12% (13/105), with 16% (10/63) in the LSI group vs 7% (3/42) in the no LSI group (p=0.183). Over half of the patients (56/105) experienced a composite of ARF, rejection or death post HT, 59% (37/63) in the LSI group vs 45% (19/42) in the no LSI group (p=0.175). Similarly, there was no difference in the individual components of the composite outcomes or in the secondary outcome hospital length of stay. Conclusions In our cohort, LSI were common among LVAD patients but not associated with vasoplegia or the clinical outcome of ARF, graft rejection, or mortality in the first year post HT. This may be limited by a small sample size.
Clinical Evaluation of a Two-dimensional Liquid-Filled Ion chamber Detector Array for Verification of High Modulation Small Fields in Radiotherapy.

Introduction: Clinical evaluation of a two-dimensional (2D) liquid-filled ion chamber detector array used in the verification of highly modulated small beams of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been conducted. Materials and Methods: Measurements with the Octavius 1000 SRS (PTW, Freiburg, Germany) detector with 977 liquid-filled ion chambers were compared against EDR2 film and PTW Octavius Seven29. The performance of detector array has been evaluated on ten SBRT patient plans. Dose profiles of individual and composite fields' calculated using Pinnacle3 treatment planning system were compared against measurements with Octavius 1000 SRS detector array, EDR2 film, and Octavius Seven29 detector. Gamma index and profile comparison were used in the evaluation and assessment of the detector's performance. Results: The Gamma index measurements show agreement between Pinnacle3 computations and Octavius 1000 SRS array, PTW Octavius Seven29, and EDR2 film for >90% of the points using 2%, 2 mm tolerance criteria. Profiles obtained with the Octavius 1000 SRS were in agreement with the EDR2 film profiles, demonstrating the detector's superior sampling rate. Conclusions: The Octavius 1000 SRS is a dosimetrically accurate device to perform quality assurance checks in SBRT treatments. The broad range of measurements performed in this study quantified the dosimetric accuracy of Octavius 1000 SRS detector in the clinical setup of the small fields in radiotherapy.
Community-Based Measurement of Body Composition in Hispanic Women: Concurrent Validity of Dual- and Single-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance.

Szeszulski, J, Lorenzo, E, Arriola, A, and Lee, RE. Community-based measurement of body composition in hispanic women: concurrent validity of dual- and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-We examined the concurrent validity of single-frequency (SF) and dual-frequency (DF) bioelectrical impedance (BIA) scales among Hispanic women participating in a community-based health promotion program in Arizona. Hispanic women (N = 14), age 31.9 ± 6.5 years old, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.1 ± 8.1 kg·m, were measured using SF BIA, DF BIA, BMI, and skinfold calipers in 2017. Intrarater reliability and concurrent validity were calculated. Bland-Altman plots examined agreement of each BIA measure within measurement tools, between tools, and with skinfold calipers. Scatter plots were used to examine agreement between BIAs and BMI. Short-term intrarater reliability was perfect within measurements for SF and DF BIAs (α = 1.0). The coefficient of variation within a measurement tool (CV%) was slightly smaller for DF BIA (0.2%; n = 13) than for SF BIA (0.3%; n = 14). Concurrent validity measures revealed that DF (M = 39.3 ± 7.3% fat; within sample CV% = 18.6; n = 14) and SF (M = 39.4 ± 7.5% body fat; within sample CV% = 19.0; n = 14) BIAs were highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.885; p < 0.001; n = 14) and had an absolute mean difference of -0.2 ± 3.5% fat (range 0.7-6.0% fat; n = 14). The CV% between BIA measures was 5.4%. Dual-frequency and SF BIAs were both strongly correlated with BMI and skinfolds. There was evidence of bias between skinfolds and both BIA measures. Strength and conditioning practitioners should feel confident in using either SF or DF BIA measures with Hispanic women who participate in training interventions in community-based settings, because they offer similar measurement value.
Implications from infant speech studies on the unit of perception

One of the great overlooked tasks of language acquisition is how the language learner develops a representation of the sound properties of a word that allows for the recognition of words in fluent speech. Thus, while child phonologists have given a great deal of attention to the nature of the representations that underlie the child’s earliest productions of speech (e.g. Ferguson, 1986; Macken, 1980; Menn, 1980; Vihman, 1978), and other child language specialists have focused on the structure of the child’s semantic categories, much less is known about what sort of representation of the sound structure of words permits their comprehension by the child (cf. Jusczyk, 1985). Yet, one could argue that learning the essential phonemic characteristics that distinguish between one name and another in one’s native language is at least as important as distinguishing the boundaries of potential referents for the names. Clearly, to be a fluent speaker-hearer of a language, one needs to develop the appropriate categories for both the sounds and the meanings of words.
AI assisted encryption into DNA sequence of a functional protein

For thousands of years, a war has been waged between hackers and cryptographers1. Cryptographers find a safe way to store and transport information, and hackers attempt to access it. Today, this war is waged on a much more microscopic scale, and as new storage methods, like ones utilizing DNA are developed, cryptographers need to find a way to protect the data from malicious entities1,2. A solution may lie in the thousands of proteins in the human cell and attaching information onto these proteins while preserving their function. Even though there are encryption schemes that managed to insert information onto DNA a reliable approach to consistently preserve the function of the protein, and hence the viability of the cells transporting the information is necessary2,3. As a result, the motivation of this study was to devise a way to efficiently hide a message in living cells that cannot be discovered without DNA sequencing. We utilized these proteins, coupled with this Artificial Intelligence (AI) centered approach, to devise a standard scheme where one could reliably encode encrypted information onto these functional proteins. On the basis of repeated predictability modeling, and wet lab generations of the model system, Enhance Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP). Our group attempted to develop a program capable of reliably encrypting information onto a protein of interest, EGFP, based on a desired degree of functionality and the amount of information needed to be encrypted. The encryption done was based on the Advanced Encryption standard (AES), the golden standard of encryption established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)4. This scheme, similar to the work done centuries ago, contributes to the added security and applicability of novel data storage and information transfer methods in the field of synthetic biology.
Movement Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases: A Retrospective Review From a Tertiary Academic Center.

BACKGROUND Movement disorders (MDs) have been described in demyelinating diseases (DDs). However, data is lacking in the effective treatment of these MD as well as in a potential correlation between DD lesions localization and the phenomenology of the MD and its response to treatment. METHODS Retrospective review of 185 patients with MD and DD seen at our center over a period of 7 years. Clinical imaging, medications, and therapeutic responses to both MD and DD treatments were reviewed. RESULTS Of the 185 patients, 62 were excluded because of a diagnosis of spasticity without any other MD. One hundred twenty three patients with DD (75% female, age 48.8±12.8 y) had one or more MD. The most common MD was ataxia followed by isolated tremor. Forty-two patients (34%) received any treatment for MD, 29 (69%) of which responded at least partially to a first MD agent and 78.6% responded at least partially to a second or third agent. Responders to the first MD therapy were more likely to have a lesion in the basal ganglia or the cerebellum, and less likely to have a lesion in the brainstem or the spinal cord, but these results could be biased by a lower-than-expected frequency of tonic spasms in our series. No correlation between DD lesions localization and the phenomenology of the MD was discovered. CONCLUSIONS MD are common in DD and are frequently overlooked or undertreated. MD in this sample have a 69% therapeutic response to a first trial. Greater awareness of potential therapeutic options is needed to decrease disability.
Graphs and the Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is a collection of technologies and standards that utilizes graphs to model knowledge. It is called the Semantic Web because the technologies coexist with and leverage Web technologies that allow us to access and create links between Web pages. It uses links to formalize representations of knowledge that convey their meaning in a context that is not unlike how humans classify things as they process information. The vision behind something like the Semantic Web has existed for decades, but only with the advent of computer networks and the World Wide Web, has it been possible to make it a reality. The formalization is an abstract model called RDF, which relies on a fundamental knowledge unit referred to as a triple. This triple is a graph segment with two nodes and a directed edge between them. This chapter introduces some of the fundamental technologies and concepts behind the Semantic Web. It introduces the process of modeling information using RDF. It explains the basics of linking within the Semantic Web and illustrates how graph analytics can be applied to RDF graphs.
Experience with peritoneal cytology in the management of gynecologic malignancies.

Abstract A summary of a 21 year experience with peritoneal cytology obtained by cul-de-sac and peritoneal lavage is presented. The interpretation of this type of cytology requires well-trained, experienced cytologists. Vaginal cul-de-sac lavage in asymptomatic patients has not proved effective in the early detection of ovarian cancer. Peritoneal cytology obtained at operation, on the other hand, has promise of considerable value. It was positive in 78 per cent of patients with ovarian cancer. Significantly, malignant tumors with an intact capsule shed malignant cells into the peritoneal cavity in 36 per cent of Stage I a patients. The over-all percentage of positive cytology for Stage I a, b, and c tumors was 45 per cent. There were 39 cases of Stage I endometrial carcinoma, of which 12.8 per cent had positive cytology. In patients with Stage III cervical carcinoma, who were explored as a part of their primary treatment, 14.7 per cent of those with negative nodes and 55.5 per cent of those with positive nodes had postive peritoneal cytology. Evidence is presented to prove that shed cancer cells are viable and capable of continued growth and that some form of adjunctive therapy should be considered.
Large-Scale Simulation and Visualization in Medicine: Applications to Cardiology, Neuroscience, and Medical Imaging

Computational problems in medicine often require a researcher to apply diverse skills in confronting problems involving very large data sets, three-dimensional complex geometries which must be modeled and visualized, large scale computing, and hefty amounts of numerical analysis. In this talk I will present recent research results in computational neuroscience, imaging, and cardiology. I will provide examples of several driving applications of steering and interactive visualization in cardiology (defibrillation simulation and device design), neuroscience (new inverse source localization techniques), and imaging (new methods for interactive visualization of large-scale 3D MRI and CT volumes, and introduce new methods for diffusion tensor imaging).
Effect of a hyperbolic metamaterial on radiation patterns of a single-photon source

We explore the effect of a planar hyperbolic metamaterial (a superlattice of TiN and Al 0.7 Sc 0.3 N on MgO substrate) on the far-field radiation patterns of a single-photon source (a nitrogen-vacancy center in a nanodiamond).
The Methods and Applications of Discrete Ordinates in Low Energy Neutron-Photon Transport (ANISN, DOT). Part I: Methods

Lecture 2 contained a brief introduction to the differential form of the Boltzman transport equation which is solved by the discrete ordinates codes. A rather complete description of the derivation of the finite difference form of the transport equation can be found in Reference 1; therefore that derivation will not be discussed here. Attention will be focused on the additional equations required to solve the transport equation which are often referred to as flux models and on the iteration process and efforts to accelerate the convergence of the iteration process. All equations discussed here will be limited to the one-dimensional, time-independent case, but they may be extended in a straightforward manner to multidimensional, time-dependent geometries.
Transvaginal human sterilization: a preliminary report.

Abstract Fourteen multiparous women underwent tubal sterilization by the introduction of 0.2 ml. of 10 per cent silver nitrate in hydrophilic ointment injected retrograde via the tubal fimbria at culdoscopy. All tubes were closed at subsequent hysterography. Side effects were mild and probably related to the route of application of the medication.
José Joaquín Blanco. La literatura en la Nueva España. I. Conquista y Nuevo Mundo. II. Esplendores y miserias de los criollos. México: Cal y Arena, 1989.

Al emprender la excursion que conduce al autor del libro por la literatura colonial mexicana, nos obliga a curiosear cada grieta que se ha abierto en la curtida superficie de este monumento, y al extenderse sobre cada grieta nos llama la atencion, la Iglesia, que queda en el trasfondo como una sombra eclesiastica.
Innovation in concentrated solar power

Abstract This work focuses on innovation in CSP technologies over the last decade. A multitude of advancements has been developed during this period, as the topic of concentrated solar power is becoming more mainstream. Improvements have been made in reflector and collector design and materials, heat absorption and transport, power production and thermal storage. Many applications that can be integrated with CSP regimes to conserve (and sometimes produce) electricity have been suggested and implemented, keeping in mind the environmental benefits granted by limited fossil fuel usage.