cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
World location as associated factor for optimal operation model of Parabolic trough Concentrating Solar Thermal Power plants

Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) technology provides a competitive source of energy for electricity generation. Within this technology and thanks to its great potential, Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrators (CCP) plants have become the type of electricity generation by renewable solar energy most widely spread around the world [1]. Nonetheless, the plant design and operation model are not unique; they must be adapted to the parameters of solar radiation from each particular location. This work focuses on the search of a mathematical model of CCP for optimal operation options, of double tank molten salt Thermal Energy Storage (TES) size and plant operation, designed for four different world locations. For each world location and within a regulated electric scenario, the analysis of the different ways of operation provides meaningful insights into the electricity generated. Therefore, the plant deployment points of storage tanks size and electric power generation can be established for optimal operation according to each radiation area. This comparative study uses a CCP standard solar thermal plant with 2 blocks of 50MWe net output. Certain parameters have been preset on modelling environment in order to establish a common basis for the model comparisons.
Patient experiences with pharmacogenetic testing in a primary care setting.

Aim: To investigate patient experiences with pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing. Methods: Patients were offered PGx testing through a study on pharmacist-assisted delivery of PGx testing and invited to complete pre- and post-testing surveys about their experience. Results: Of 63 patients tested, 17 completed the baseline survey (27%). Interest in testing was mostly impacted by desire to inform selection of best treatment (n = 13). Seven of 12 patients that completed the follow-up survey indicated that their provider discussed the test result with them. Five patients understood their test result very or somewhat well. All would be likely to have PGx testing again. Conclusion: Patients perceived PGx testing to be useful, though more effort may be needed to improve patient–provider communication of test results.
Surgical Management of the Teat and the Udder

Lacerations of the teat should be treated as emergency. First-intention repair should be attempted under sedation in lateral or dorsal recumbency. Surgeons should pay attention to the atraumatic manipulation of the tissue and the anatomic reconstruction using small-diameter absorbable suture material. Hand milking should be prohibited for 10 days postoperatively after laceration repair; prognosis is overall good. Ultrasound evaluation of the teat allows excellent understanding of the internal lesions and should be performed before planning any elective surgery. Milk outflow impairment originating from the rosette of Furstenberg or the streak canal is best treated using minimally invasive surgery (theloscopy).
Structural Characteristics and In Vitro Biodegradation of a Novel Zn-Li Alloy Prepared by Induction Melting and Hot Rolling

Zinc shows great promise as a bioabsorbable metal; however, the low tensile strength of pure zinc limits its application for endovascular stent purposes. In this study, a new Zn-xLi alloy (with x = 2, 4, 6 at. pct) was prepared by induction melting in an argon atmosphere and processed through hot rolling. Structures of the formulated binary alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Mechanical testing showed that the incorporation of Li into Zn increased ultimate tensile strength from 560 MPa (x = 6 at. pct). In vitro corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The Zn-2Li and Zn-4Li corrosion study demonstrated that corrosion rates and products resemble those observed for pure Zn in vivo, and in addition, the Zn-4Li alloy exhibits higher resistance to corrosion as compared to Zn-2Li. The findings herein encourage further exploration of Zn-Li systems for structural use in biomedical vascular support applications with the ultimate goal of simplifying stent procedures, thereby reducing stent-related complications.
MICU1 drives glycolysis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer

Cancer cells actively promote aerobic glycolysis to sustain their metabolic requirements through mechanisms not always clear. Here, we demonstrate that the gatekeeper of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1 (MICU1/CBARA1) drives aerobic glycolysis in ovarian cancer. We show that MICU1 is overexpressed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and that MICU1 overexpression correlates with poor overall survival (OS). Silencing MICU1 in vitro increases oxygen consumption, decreases lactate production, inhibits clonal growth, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, whereas silencing in vivo inhibits tumour growth, increases cisplatin efficacy and OS. Mechanistically, silencing MICU1 activates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) by stimulating the PDPhosphatase-phosphoPDH-PDH axis. Forced-expression of MICU1 in normal cells phenocopies the metabolic aberrations of malignant cells. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo findings we observe a significant correlation between MICU1 and pPDH (inactive form of PDH) expression with poor prognosis. Thus, MICU1 could serve as an important therapeutic target to normalize metabolic aberrations responsible for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer.
Properties of B 4 C in the shocked state for pressures up to 1.5 TPa

Density functional theory calculations using the quasiharmonic approximation have been used to calculate the solid Hugoniot of two polytypes of boron carbide up to 100 GPa. Under the assumption that segregation into the elemental phases occurs around the pressure that the ${\mathrm{B}}_{11}{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{p}}$(CBC) polytype becomes thermodynamically unstable with respect to boron and carbon, two discontinuities in the Hugoniot, one at 50 GPa and one at 90--100 GPa, are predicted. The former is a result of phase segregation, and the latter a phase transition within boron. First-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations were employed to calculate the liquid Hugoniot of ${\mathrm{B}}_{4}\mathrm{C}$ up to 1.5 TPa, and the results are compared to recent experiments carried out at the Omega Laser Facility up to 700 GPa [D. E. Fratanduono, Phys. Rev. B 94, 184107 (2016)]. A generally good agreement between theory and experiment was observed. Analysis of the FPMD simulations provides evidence for an amorphous, but covalently bound, fluid below 438 GPa, and an atomistic fluid at higher pressures and temperatures.
Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of copper complexes supported by the TPMEN ligand framework

Abstract Two new Cu(II) complexes supported by nitrogen-rich ligands have been synthesized and characterized by absorption spectroscopy, magnetic moment, and cyclic voltammetry. Complex 1 is supported by the ligand TPMEN (N,N,N′-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-N′-methylethylenediamine) with two amine and three pyridyl nitrogen donors; while 2 is supported by the ligand TQMEN (N,N,N′-tris(2-quinolylmethyl)-N′-methylethylenediamine) where quinoline groups replace the pyridyl groups. Replacing the pyridyl moiety with quinoline has a marked effect on the Cu(II/I) reduction couple. The complexes are capable of reducing superoxide (O2 −) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of a proton donor. The reaction between potassium superoxide (KO2) and the Cu-complexes was monitored via absorption spectroscopy, and further probed with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Both 1 and 2 depicted evidence of ligand oxidation in mass-spectrometry.
Soluble IL-15 complexes are generated after CD40 stimulation and VSV infection independent of type I IFN signaling. (CCR6P.218)

Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine that promotes the development and homeostasis of a group of lymphocytes but is also significantly up-regulated in response to immune stimulation and during inflammation. Previous studies show that TLR stimulation and total-body irradiation (TBI) induce soluble IL-15Rα/IL-15 complexes (sIL-15), which are capable of mediating agonistic IL-15 effects in a paracrine manner. The effects of elevated IL-15 are well characterized, yet little is known about the signals inducing these complexes. We report that treatment with αCD40 Ab but not α41BB Ab led to systemic increases in sIL-15 complexes in vivo . BATF3 KO mice, which are deficient in CD8+ DCs, were impaired in the generation of sIL-15 complexes in response to αCD40 treatment, indicating an important role for CD8+ DCs in the generation of sIL-15 complexes in vivo . Interestingly, although CD40 stimulation or VSV infection enhanced systemic IFN-α protein expression, Type I IFN signaling was not required for the induction of sIL-15 complexes during either event. This is in contrast to the requirement for IFNAR signaling in generating sIL-15 complexes after TBI or Poly I:C. CD40 signaling during VSV infection was also not required for sIL-15 complex generation, as blockade with αCD40L exhibited no effect. Overall, this study indicates that sIL-15 complexes are induced in vivo by both type I IFN dependent and independent pathways.
Outstanding questions in the study of archaic hominin admixture

The complete sequencing of archaic and modern human genomes has revolutionized the study of human history and evolution. The application of paleogenomics has answered questions that were beyond the scope of archaeology alone-definitively proving admixture between archaic and modern humans. Despite the remarkable progress made in the study of archaic-modern human admixture, many outstanding questions remain. Here, we review some of these questions, which include how frequent archaic-modern human admixture was in history, to what degree drift and selection are responsible for the loss and retention of introgressed sequences in modern human genomes, and how surviving archaic sequences affect human phenotypes.
Gathering, interpreting, and positioning children’s narratives in environmental education research

Cecilia Caiman and Iann Lundegard’s research highlights that an important goal of education is to equip younger generations with tools for innovation. This specifically applies in the realm of science education, as younger generations will likely require a unique preparation and skillset to tackle the environmental issues they will face in young adulthood and beyond. In their article, the authors position imagination as a tool for innovation and infinite possibility in this realm, and they capture moments of children actively imagining or “blending” their ideas to illustrate their worthiness in the cause of sustainability. In this research, I also realize the value of children’s creative narratives on the path toward building a more collective ethic of environmental care. However, I emphasize that positioning children’s imaginative narratives in an education toward sustainability calls for the study of children’s identities-in-progress, and thus, a rigorous theorization of the context in which these narratives/selves are created. This, in turn, necessitates the use of situated and deep methodological approaches to capture and interpret children’s self-expressions. Through my use of Holland’s figured world concept and an ethnographic case study methodology, this research unpacks narratives similar to those presented in Cecilia and Iann’s research to reveal the complexity of children’s imaginative utterances in a school garden context. I consider the myriad of factors that shape children’s experiences and corresponding expressions to complicate and situate children’s expressions within the larger context of self and care development. Revealing this individualized and layered nature of identity and care development in environmental education research allows for the creation or replication of educational experiences and spaces where innovation and care development can occur.
Feminizing the Face: Combination of Frontal Bone Reduction and Reduction Rhinoplasty

Gender affirmation surgeries in male-to-female patient transitioning include breast augmentation, genital construction, and facial feminization surgery (FFS). FFS improves mental health and quality of life in transgender patients. The nose and forehead are critical in facial attractiveness and gender identity; thus, frontal brow reduction and rhinoplasty are a mainstay of FFS. The open approach to reduction of the frontal brow is very successful in the feminization of the face; however, risks include alopecia and scarring. Endoscopic brow reduction, in properly selected patients, is minimally invasive with excellent outcomes avoiding these risks. Since both reduction rhinoplasty and frontal brow reduction are routinely performed in FFS, a combined approach provides superior control over the nasal radix and profile when performing surgery on the frontal bone region first followed by nose reduction. We present a case series of four transwomen undergoing frontal bone reduction in combination with a reduction rhinoplasty. All had excellent results with one DVT that resolved with treatment. Transgender patients frequently require multiple operations during their transition increasing their hospital stay and costs. This combined approach offers superior control over the nasofrontal angle and is not only safe but reduces hospitalizations and costs and is a novel indication to reduce gender dysphoria.
Blue Nevus(“Common” blue nevus)

The “common” blue nevus, is a benign neoplasm composed of dendritic melanocytes accompanied by numerous melanophages. The lesion is entirely contained in the dermis, without a junctional component. The common blue nevus constitutes a clinical and morphological continuum with the so called “cellular” blue nevus, discussed in the next chapter. The dichotomy, common versus cellular is entrenched in literature, but ignores the great variety of appearances that blue nevi have.
Private Enforcement of Antitrust Rules - Modernization of the EU Rules and the Road Ahead

The author would like to express his appreciation to the Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago, for inviting him to its February 2004 conference on the Future of Private Rights of Action in Antitrust, a subject that is now attracting increasing attention in Europe. This article, an expanded version of the author’s presentation at the aforementioned Loyola conference, includes: (1) an introduction which sets out the background to the debate on private enforcement in Europe; (2) key features of private enforcement in the United States, which may be relevant from an European Union (“EU”) perspective; (3) key features of private enforcement in the EU; (4) the work of the European Commission (“Commission”) in the area of private enforcement; and (5) a conclusion. This article is up-to-date to 20 February 2004, and presents an overview of the issues raised. It does not pretend to be en exhaustive compendium of all the law, case law and otherwise, on the subject.
The FES Test: Are We Ready?

Purpose The FES hands-on skills test is administered using a $100,000 computer-based simulator. Few of our trainees have practiced on this device. Our aim was to evaluate our GS residents' baseline endoscopic skills and eventually develop a simulation-based endoscopy curriculum and clarify performance-based assessment criteria. Methods General surgery residents' colonoscopy skills were assessed using a computer-based endoscopy simulator (CBES) during their biannual simulation-based OSCE-type assessments. Trainees were asked to reach the ileum in Results 30 PGY-1s, 12 PGY-2s, 8 PGY-3s, 9 PGY-4s and 7 PGY-5s GS residents participated in the fall colonoscopy assessment. In module 1, 66% of PGY-4s, 50% of PGY-3s, 8% of PGY-2s and 0% of the PGY-1s intubated the ileum (p Conclusions Most of our GS residents could not initially intubate the ileum using the CBES. Prior experience with the CBES was the only factor strongly correlated with successful task completion. A voluntary hands-on teaching session allowed 96% of participating trainees to subsequently achieve CBES task completion. Developing a formal simulation-based curriculum suggests we can better prepare surgical trainees for the FES exam.
Public Tuition on the Rise: Estimating the Effects of Louisiana’s Performance-Based Funding Policy on Institutional Tuition Levels

Louisiana’s performance-based funding (PBF) policy is one of the most recent implementations of performance funding established by a state for accountability purposes. Instead of examining direct academic outcomes, this study focuses on tuition increase as an (un)intended outcome of PBF implementation. We use data from multiple sources to create a panel dataset of public postsecondary institutions across the United States from 2005 to 2013. Applying Difference-in-Differences and propensity score analyses procedures to estimate the causal relationship between PBF implementation and tuition levels at public institutions in Louisiana, our results indicate that treated community colleges responded to PBF by increasing tuition levels statistically significantly above that of their counterfactual institutions. While in-state tuition and fees rose statistically significantly faster at public universities in Louisiana after PBF implementation, out-of-state tuition and fees charged by the treated 4-year institutions did not significantly differ from the increases experienced at counterfactual institutions in non-PBF states. We explore possible explanations for the findings and provide implications for practices and future research.
Impact of Peer Support on Acute Care Visits and Hospitalizations for Individuals With Diabetes and Depressive Symptoms: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE Comorbid depression is associated with increased health care utilization and cost. We examined the effects of peer support on acute care (AC) and hospital utilization in individuals with diabetes with or without depressive symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 2010–2012, with the clusters being practices and their surrounding communities. Adults with type 2 diabetes who wanted help with self-management were eligible to participate. Those without a doctor, with limited life expectancy, with plans to move within the next year, and unwillingness to work with a peer advisor were excluded. Intervention participants received 1 year of peer support. Control participants received usual care. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) (range 0–24; 5 indicates mild and 10 indicates moderate depressive symptoms) assessed depressive symptoms. AC and hospital utilization were measured by self-report. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Quasi-Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations examined differences in utilization per year attributable to the intervention for those with and without mild depressive symptoms (and separately, moderate depressive symptoms), controlling for imbalance across treatment arms. RESULTS At baseline, half of the sample reported mild depressive symptoms (52% intervention and 48% control, P = 0.37), a quarter reported moderate depressive symptoms (25% intervention and 26% control, P = 1.0), and there were no significant differences in utilization. One hundred and sixty-eight intervention (six clusters) and 187 control (five clusters) participants had follow-up data. In those with mild depressive symptoms, the incident rate ratio (IRR) for hospitalization among intervention compared with control was 0.26 (95% CI 0.08–0.84) per 10 patient-years. The IRR for AC was 0.55 (95% CI 0.28–1.07) per 10 person-years. Findings were similar for those with moderate depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Peer support lowered AC visits and hospitalizations for those with depressive symptoms but not for those without depressive symptoms; these findings can guide resource allocation for population health management.
A descriptive, cross-sectional study examining treatment burden in people living with HIV.

AIM (1) describe the percentage of people living with HIV (PLWH) experiencing high levels of treatment burden who are at risk for self-management non-adherence, and (2) examine the relationship between known antecedent correlates (the number of chronic conditions, social capital, and age) of self-management and treatment burden while controlling for sample socio-demographics. BACKGROUND Chronic condition self-management is key to maintaining optimal health in the aging population of PLWH. Despite the efforts of providers, patients, and caregivers, self-management non-adherence is still a factor contributing to poor chronic condition self-management and subsequent poor health outcomes. Recent research has identified treatment burden as a risk factor of poor chronic disease self-management adherence. METHOD Cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a sub-sample of 103 community dwelling, men and women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS derived from a larger parent study examining physical activity patterns in PLWH. RESULTS Participants reported an overall low level of treatment burden (M = 22.84; SD = 24.57), although 16% (n = 16) of the sample indicated experiencing high treatment burden. The number of chronic conditions (r = 0.25; p ≤ .01) and social capital (r = -0.19; p = .03) were significantly correlated with treatment burden. Multivariate analysis testing known antecedent correlates of treatment burden was statistically significant (p < .05), but only explained 8% of treatment burden's variance. CONCLUSION Findings have implications for nursing care of PLWH demonstrating a subset of PLWH experience high treatment burden related to chronic condition self-management. Findings also identify characteristics of PLWH who may be at high risk for treatment burden and subsequent self-management non-adherence.
Online or In Person?: Student Motivations in the Choice of a CS1 Experience

As online offerings have matured and expanded, new efforts have recently been devoted to opening fully-accredited online versions of traditional on-campus classes. Such classes may be offered to on-campus students for greater flexibility during busy semesters, or to allow them to continue to make progress toward their degrees during internships or semesters away from campus. This trend intersects with a growing CS for All movement that sees more and more non-computer science majors enrolling in CS classes. As online offerings expand, it is important for us to understand who enrolls in online sections and the reasons for their choices, both to make sure that learning outcomes are similar across different delivery mechanisms, and to take advantage of opportunities to tailor course content to specific audiences. In this analysis, we look at two versions, one online and one traditional, of a CS1 class offered at a major public research university. We investigate demographic, motivational, and experiential components to identify which types of students are most likely to select each version and what implications this decision has for student success and course design.
Robust Rule-Based Aggradational Lobe Reservoir Models

Stratigraphic rule-based reservoir models approximate sedimentary dynamics to generate numerical models of reservoir architecture with realistic spatial distributions of petrophysical properties for reservoir forecasting and to support development decision making. A few intuitive rules for the sequential placement of surfaces bounding reservoir units render realistic reservoir heterogeneity, continuity, and spatial organization of petrophysical property distributions that are difficult to obtain using conventional geostatistical pixel- and object-based subsurface methods. While these methods are emerging in applications specifically for deepwater and fluvial clastic reservoirs, there are some remaining obstacles to broad application, such as selection of rule parameters and addressing emergent non-stationarities over the sequence of the placed surfaces. Firstly, there is a need to tune rule parameters to ensure the models honor natural heterogeneities. We demonstrate this for the compensational rule. Secondly, invariants over model sequence (from the base to the top of the model) may occur with respect to shape, volume, undulation, and gradients of surfaces. For example, for a stack of compensational lobes, the volume of individual lobes may decrease due to the onlapping of previous bathymetry and also increasing undulation over model sequence may occur. In addition, for stacking of compensational lobes, the interfacial width and average gradient of the composite surface may initially increase, but then saturate and stabilize. Such non-stationarities represent numerical artifacts that may bias the results from these rule-based models. It is essential that these features are quantified and mitigated as a prerequisite for robust application of rule-based aggradational lobe methods for reservoir modeling.
Engineering of Molecular Geometry in Bottlebrush Polymers

Bottlebrush polymers are large cylindrical macromolecules, where a molecular “width” emerges from a large number of side chains densely attached to a central backbone. The lengths of these grafted ...
Beyond Usability: Methodologies and Bias – Surveying the Surveys

Surveys are a tool used in everyday usability testing to gather data and confirm findings amongst target populations; however, usability researchers must be aware of biases which can be introduced through certain types of survey questions. Survey instruments are a popular way to quickly gather qualitative and quantitative data from target populations for use in usability studies. These instruments may, at times, introduce unforeseen bias, and information participants may be unaware of when questions are triangulated and results combined during the analysis phase.
Electrophysiological evidence for impaired auditory sensory memory in Cystinosis despite typical sensory processing: An MMN investigation

Abstract Cystinosis, a genetic rare disease characterized by cystine accumulation and crystallization, results in significant damage in a multitude of tissues and organs, such as the kidney, thyroid, eye, and brain. While Cystinosis’ impact on brain function is relatively mild compared to its effects on other organs, the increased lifespan of this population and thus potential for productive societal contributions have led to increased interest on the effects on brain function. Nevertheless, and despite some evidence of structural brain differences, the neural impact of the mutation is still not well characterized. Here, using a passive duration oddball paradigm (with different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), representing different levels of demand on memory) and high-density electrophysiology, we tested basic auditory processing in a group of 22 children and adolescents diagnosed with Cystinosis (age range: 6-17 years old) and in neurotypical age-matched controls (N=24). We examined whether the N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN) significantly differed between the groups and if those neural measures correlated with verbal and non-verbal IQ. Individuals diagnosed with Cystinosis presented similar N1 responses to their age-matched peers, indicating typical basic auditory processing in this population. However, whereas both groups showed similar MMN responses for the shortest (450ms) SOA, suggesting intact change detection and sensory memory, individuals diagnosed with Cystinosis presented clearly reduced responses for the longer (900ms and 1800ms) SOAs. This could indicate reduced duration auditory sensory memory traces, and thus sensory memory impairment, in children and adolescents diagnosed with Cystinosis. Future work addressing other aspects of sensory and working memory is needed to understand the underlying bases of the differences described here, and their implication for higher order processing.
The Rhetoric of Toys

Are there bounds and borders to the world of play? If so, how are these borders defined? And what, if anything, might be learned through play? These questions suggest that play exhibits an autonomy that is in some measure describable or distinct. But what is at issue in a description of play? Is it enough to simply point to this and that experience, claiming that the one is play and the other is not? Or, must one ask: How does play come into being? How is it possible that we recognize an act of play?
Metabolic Risk Factors as Differential Predictors of Profiles of Neurocognitive Impairment Among Older HIV+ and HIV− Adults: An Observational Study

Author(s): Pasipanodya, Elizabeth C; Montoya, Jessica L; Campbell, Laura M; Hussain, Mariam A; Saloner, Rowan; Paolillo, Emily M; Jeste, Dilip V; Letendre, Scott L; McCutchan, J Allen; Heaton, Robert K; Moore, David J | Abstract: ObjectiveNeurocognitive performance among older persons, including those living with HIV (people living with HIV [PLWH]), exhibits significant heterogeneity, suggesting subpopulations with differing profiles of neurocognitive impairment (NCI). Metabolic factors are associated with NCI, but their relationships to cluster-derived NCI profiles are unknown.MethodParticipants (144 PLWH and 102 HIV uninfected) aged 50+nyears completed a neuropsychological battery assessing seven cognitive domains. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified NCI profiles separately by HIV serostatus and in a combined sample. Obtained classes were examined against the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and diagnoses of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Multinomial regression identified metabolic predictors of classification.ResultsLCA identified three latent classes in each participant sample: Class1Multidomain NCI (high probability of impairment across multiple domains), Class 2Learning a Recall NCI (high probability of impairment in learning and recall), and Class 3NC Unimpaired (low probability of NCI across all domains). Severity of NCI implied by classes corresponded with MoCA scores and HAND diagnoses. In analyses on the combined sample, compared to HIV-uninfected individuals, PLWH were more likely to be in Class1Multidomain NCI. Among PLWH, those with dyslipidemia and hypertension had greater odds of classification in Class 1Multidomain NCI while those with central obesity had higher odds of classification in Class 2Learning a Recall NCI; metabolic syndrome approached significance as a differential predictor. Regardless of HIV status, individuals with diabetes were more likely to be in Class 1Multidomain NCI.ConclusionsMetabolic risk factors confer heightened risk of NCI in HIV infection. Interventions to reduce metabolic risk may improve neurocognitive outcomes among PLWH.
Education Research: The Narrative Evaluation Quality Instrument: Development of a tool to assess the assessor.

Objective Determining the quality of narrative evaluations to assess medical student neurology clerkship performance remains a challenge. This study sought to develop a tool to comprehensively and systematically assess quality of student narrative evaluations. Methods The Narrative Evaluation Quality Instrument (NEQI) was created to assess several components within clerkship narrative evaluations: performance domains, specificity, and usefulness to learner. In this retrospective study, 5 investigators scored 123 narrative evaluations using the NEQI. Inter-rater reliability was estimated by calculating interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) across 615 NEQI scores. Results The average overall NEQI score was 6.4 (SD 2.9), with mean component arm scores of 2.6 for performance domains (SD 0.9), 1.8 for specificity (SD 1.1), and 2.0 for usefulness (SD 1.4). Each component arm exhibited moderate reliability: performance domains ICC 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.72), specificity ICC 0.69 (95% CI 0.61–0.77), and usefulness ICC 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.80). Overall NEQI score exhibited good reliability (0.81; 95% CI 0.77–0.86). Conclusion The NEQI is a novel, reliable tool to comprehensively assess the quality of narrative evaluation of neurology clerks and will enhance the study of interventions seeking to improve clerkship evaluation.
A dangerous middle-ground: terrorists, counter-terrorists, and gray-zone conflict

In the Spring of 2019, the governments of United States and Iran designated elements of each other's armed forces as “terrorist organizations”. In this paper, I will examine two examples of states ...
MRI surveillance following concurrent cochlear implantation in cases of vestibular schwannoma resection.

Abstract Objective Cochlear nerve preserving translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection enables concurrent cochlear implantation. Implantation in patients with VS raises important concerns including the ability to undergo postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring of residual tumor growth or tumor recurrence, specifically with a retained magnet. We aim to assess the feasibility of MRI monitoring and the impact on image quality with retained cochlear implant (CI) magnets. Methods Retrospective review of post-operative head MRI scans in CI recipients with a retained CI magnet, after cochlear nerve preserving translabyrinthine excision of VS. The ability to visualize the ipsilateral and contralateral internal auditory canal (IAC) and cerebellopontine angle (CPA) were assessed. Results A total of eight surveillance head MRI were performed in six patients. In one case, in which the receiver was positioned lower, the view of the ipsilateral IAC and CPA was distorted. In all other cases, the views of both the ipsilateral and contralateral IAC and CPA were overall unimpaired. Discussion Imaging artifact only very rarely impedes adequate visualization of the ipsilateral IAC or CPA in CI recipients. In anticipation of the need for further IAC and CPA imaging, it would be advisable to place the receiver in an exaggerated superior-posterior position to further decrease obscuring artifact. Thus, serial monitoring of VS tumors can be performed safely with preservation of image quality with a retained receiver magnet. Conclusions When placing the CI receiver-stimulator farther posterior-superiorly, excellent visualization of the IAC and CPA can be accomplished without significantly impairing the image quality.
Infectious and Inflammatory Lesions of the Liver

The function of the liver in metabolism, clearance of toxins, and regulation of immune responses leaves it susceptible to infectious processes. The hepatic microenvironment promotes immune tolerance toward certain antigens to allow this immunoregulatory function. Imaging often proves nonspecific to identify the causative infectious or inflammatory process with diagnosis often requiring clinical, pathological, and radiological correlation. The aim of this chapter is to describe the common infectious pathologies that affect the liver, summarizing their clinical presentation, imaging appearance, and pathological characteristics.
Finite-Dimensional Vector Spaces

In the last chapter we learned about vector spaces. Linear algebra focuses not on arbitrary vector spaces, but on finite-dimensional vector spaces, which we introduce in this chapter.
Addiction, Attachment, Trauma, and Recovery: The Power of Connection: by O.J. Morgan, New York, NY, W. W. Norton & Company, 2019, 295 pp., $39.95, ISBN: 978-0-303-71317-6

In this book, Dr. Oliver J. Morgan captures in a most compelling fashion the power of connection in relating addiction to attachment, trauma, and recovery. It brims with connections of all sorts, t...
Recent advances in air pollution mixture resolutions

Abstract Although the basic approach to quantitative resolution of air pollutant concentrations has been available for more than 2 decades, there have been a number of useful advances that have helped to improve the resolution of source profiles and the likely accuracy of resulting source contributions. These advances include source apportionment software the implements the use of data from multiple monitoring sites, imposes constraints, and provides improved solution diagnostics. New R-packages are available to make auxiliary analyses that combine meteorological data with the resolved source contributions to indicate the likely local sources or most likely distant source locations. There are new ways to preprocess the data to reduce the influence of local scale meteorology. These developments have aided in providing additional and better information to inform the development of air quality management strategies that can then be used to improve air quality and associated public health.
Why Bind? Public, Private, and Secret Self Chest Binding for Trans and Gender Non-Conforming Individuals

In the United States, about one percent of the population identifies in the trans and gender non-binary community (TNB), meaning their gender identity does not align with the cultural expectations of their sex assigned at birth. One common way trans men or trans masculine individuals negotiate their gender identity through dress is via chest binding, which involves compressing the chest tissue to achieve a flattened, masculine aesthetic. We examined the spaces where people bind their chest to unearth why TNB individuals do or do not bind in relation to their situation and what influences these decisions. We identified numerous themes and sub themes for decisions influencing chest binding practices in the public, private, and secret sphere. Movement between private and public spheres is sometimes facilitated by the secret practice of binding, thus for some TNB individuals, chest binding via the secret-self is used to negotiate the public-self.
Asymmetric Histone Inheritance Regulates Stem Cell Fate in Drosophila Midgut

A fundamental question in developmental biology is how distinct cell fates are established and maintained through epigenetic mechanisms in multicellular organisms. Here, we report that preexisting (old) and newly synthesized (new) histones H3 and H4 are asymmetrically inherited by the distinct daughter cells during asymmetric division of Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). By contrast, in symmetrically dividing ISCs that produce two self-renewed stem cells, old and new H3 and H4 show symmetric inheritance patterns. These results indicate that asymmetric histone inheritance is tightly associated with the distinct daughter cell fates. To further understand the biological significance of this asymmetry, we express a mutant histone that compromises asymmetric histone inheritance pattern. We find increased symmetric ISC division and ISC tumors during aging under this condition. Together, our results demonstrate that asymmetric histone inheritance is important for establishing distinct cell identities in a somatic stem cell lineage, consistent with previous findings in asymmetrically dividing male germline stem cells in Drosophila. Therefore, this work sheds light on the principles of histone inheritance in regulating stem cell fate in vivo .
Digital and Analog Measurements in Fluorescence Spectroscopy

It seems fairly clear that the next decade will see increasing application of new electronic signal processors to improve measurements in fluorescence spectroscopy. Some advances will undoubtedly occur in optics and excitation sources, but these will be overshadowed by electronic “tricks” which abstract improved signals from the inevitable background and noise associated with luminescence experiments. Just as inexpensive replica gratings revolutionized the cost and performance of monochromators, large-scale integrated circuits (LSI’s) are presently having significant economic and scientific impact on fluorescence readout devices. These LSI’s also allow the fluorescence experimentalist to revert to “black-box” electronics in many cases; it is no longer necessary, nor even feasible, to study and understand every diode and resistor in an LSI. The input and output specifications of the devices are sufficient. This chapter will be devoted to surveying recent published examples of the impact of new electronic methodology on luminescence signal processing.
The Courage of Not Shutting Up

suggesting a very different form of silencing than that of "shutting up," one more representative of Plath's earlier daughter-personas. In Plath's mid-career poems, written through to the beginning of 1962, there is a changing aesthetic in the voices that build toward the declarative "I"'s in the groundbreaking Ariel poems. This paper will focus on the poet's growing bravado to articulate the difficult truths of the Ariel personas, and use "The Courage of Shutting-Up" as an example of Plath's deliberate attempt to articulate a diction that demonstrates the courage of not "shutting up." In "The Colossus," "Electra on Azalea Path" and "The Beekeeper's Daughter," Plath's "daughter-speakers" demonstrates more cautious confrontations that maintain the father figure's power over them. The daughter-speaker shrinks herself, "Kneeling down" to set her "eye to a hole-mouth" to "meet an eye" in "The Beekeeper's Daughter" and states flatly: "My heart is under your foot"(118). In "Electra on Azalea Path" the speaker likens herself to "a doll" in her "dress of innocence" as she lays "dreaming" of the father as an "epic" alluding to Agamemnon's sacrifice of Iphigenia in the lines: "The day your slack sail drank my sister's breath" (116-117). The daughter-figures who evoke dead or intimidating, or dead and intimidating, father figures are always diminished in these poems by the father's larger metaphorical or mythic sizes. The daughter-speaker in "The Colossus" for example, is overwhelmed by the statue's "great lips" and "immense skull-plates," as she will "crawl" like "an ant in mourning" to attempt to "mend" and "clear" the broken pieces (129). Obstructions to a mythic father-figure at a distance, or dead, also maintain the helpless, if not entirely passive, stances of the poems' daughter-speakers; but it is a stance Plath finds herself ill at ease with: "My main thing now is to start with real things: real emotions, and leave out the
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Bacteroides fragilis following Sparfloxacin Exposure

In vitro pharmacodynamic studies investigating the antimicrobial properties of five fluoroquinolones, (trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin) against Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 23745 were conducted. The times required to reduce the viable counts by 3 log units were as follows: clinafloxacin, 2.9 h; levofloxacin, 4.6 h; trovafloxacin, 6 h; and sparfloxacin, 10 h. Exposure to ciprofloxacin did not achieve a 3-log decrease in viable counts. The susceptibility of B. fragilis was determined both prior to exposure and following 24 h of exposure to each of the five fluoroquinolones tested. The MICs of clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin were determined by the broth microdilution method. The MICs for B. fragilis preexposure were as follows: clinafloxacin, 0.25 μg/ml; trovafloxacin, 0.5 μg/ml; sparfloxacin, 2 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 2 μg/ml; and ciprofloxacin, 8 μg/ml. Similar pre- and postexposure MICs were obtained for cultures exposed to trovafloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. However, following 24 h of exposure to sparfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain emerged. The MICs for this strain were as follows: clinafloxacin, 1 μg/ml; trovafloxacin, 4 μg/ml; sparfloxacin, 16 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 16 μg/ml; and ciprofloxacin, 32 μg/ml. No changes in the susceptibility of B. fragilis pre- and postexposure to sparfloxacin were noted for metronidazole (MIC, 1 μg/ml), cefoxitin (MIC, 4 μg/ml), chloramphenicol (MIC, 4 μg/ml), and clindamycin (MIC, 0.06 μg/ml). Resistance remained stable as the organism was passaged on antibiotic-free agar for 10 consecutive days. Mutant B. fragilis strains with decreased susceptibility to clinafloxacin, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were selected on brucella blood agar containing 8× the MIC of levofloxacin at a frequencies of 6.4 × 10−9, 4× the MICs of trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin at frequencies of 2.2 × 10−9 and 3.3 × 10−10, respectively, and 2× the MIC of clinafloxacin at a frequency of 5.5 × 10−11; no mutants were selected with ciprofloxacin. The susceptibilities of strains to trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin before and after exposure to sparfloxacin were modestly affected by the presence of reserpine (20 μg/ml), an inhibitor of antibiotic efflux. The mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance is being explored, but it is unlikely to be efflux due to a lack of cross-resistance to unrelated antimicrobial agents and to the fact that the MICs for strains before and after exposure to sparfloxacin are minimally affected by reserpine.
RECENT REVISIONS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES

This paper points out that, to convert temperature values recorded in the literature to the present International Temperature Scale, a correction must be applied which is calculated from the constants that define the particular scale upon which the recorded values are expressed. Applying the same corrections to all previous scales leads, in many cases, to values which depart from the present scale more than the values actually recorded. Examples are given showing the proper method of converting temperature values based on Wien's Law to the International Scale.
Cell Proliferation and Migration Are Modulated by Cdk-1-Phosphorylated Endothelial-Monocyte Activating Polypeptide II

Background Endothelial-Monocyte Activating Polypeptide (EMAP II) is a secreted protein with well-established anti-angiogenic activities. Intracellular EMAP II expression is increased during fetal development at epithelial/mesenchymal boundaries and in pathophysiologic fibroproliferative cells of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, emphysema, and scar fibroblast tissue following myocardial ischemia. Precise function and regulation of intracellular EMAP II, however, has not been explored to date. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show that high intracellular EMAP II suppresses cellular proliferation by slowing progression through the G2M cell cycle transition in epithelium and fibroblast. Furthermore, EMAP II binds to and is phosphorylated by Cdk1, and exhibits nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning, with only nuclear EMAP II being phosphorylated. We observed that extracellular secreted EMAP II induces endothelial cell apoptosis, where as excess intracellular EMAP II facilitates epithelial and fibroblast cells migration. Conclusions/Significance Our findings suggest that EMAP II has specific intracellular effects, and that this intracellular function appears to antagonize its extracellular anti-angiogenic effects during fetal development and pulmonary disease progression.
Torquoselectivity Induced by Lone-Pair Conjugation in the Electrocyclic Reactions of 1-Azapolyenes

Torquoselectivity in the electrocyclic interconversions of 1-azapolyenes and their heterocyclic isomers was investigated theoretically. The ring openings of 1,2-dihydroazete, 1,2-dihydropyridine, and 1,2-dihydroazocine were examined using HF, MP2, and B3LYP calculations. A large preference for inward rotation of the nitrogen lone pair and outward rotation of the N-H group was found for the four- and six-electron systems. No strong preference was observed for the eight-electron system.
Amelioration of doxorubicin-induced skin necrosis in mice by butylated hydroxytoluene

The effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-induced skin ulcers was investigated in mice. The skin lesions produced by a single intradermal (ID) injection of doxorubicin (0.05 mg; 1 mg/ml) reached maximum size between 5 and 10 days after injection of ADR. Different concentrations of BHT were administered by different routes and at different times in relation to the injection of doxorubicin. The most effective dose of BHT was 4 mg/animal. The topical application of BHT immediately following doxorubicin injection reduced the area of the ulcer by 57%; the immediate ID injection of BHT reduced the size of the ulcer by 84%. Additional studies are required to determine whether BHT will be a clinically useful modifier of the toxicity associated with doxorubicin extravasation in cancer patients.