cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and design of parallel resonant convertor at high Q/sub L/

A parallel resonant convertor (PRC) operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) is analyzed, using a high loaded quality factor Q/sub L/ assumption (i.e., Q/sub L/>2.5) and Fourier series techniques. Simple analytical expressions for performance characteristics are derived under steady-state conditions for use in designing and understanding the behavior of the PRC. Three Class-D voltage-driven rectifiers are analyzed, taking into account the diode threshold voltage and the diode forward resistance. Experimental results measured for a 50-W convertor above the resonance at different load resistances and input voltages show excellent agreement with the theoretical performance predicted by the equations. >
Kinetics of lethal factor and poly-D-glutamic acid antigenemia during inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques.

Systemic anthrax manifests as toxemia, rapidly disseminating septicemia, immune collapse, and death. Virulence factors include the anti-phagocytic γ-linked poly-d-glutamic acid (PGA) capsule and two binary toxins, complexes of protective antigen (PA) with lethal factor (LF) and edema factor. We report the characterization of LF, PA, and PGA levels during the course of inhalation anthrax in five rhesus macaques. We describe bacteremia, blood differentials, and detection of the PA gene (pagA) by PCR analysis of the blood as confirmation of infection. For four of five animals tested, LF exhibited a triphasic kinetic profile. LF levels (mean ± standard error [SE] between animals) were low at 24 h postchallenge (0.03 ± 1.82 ng/ml), increased at 48 h to 39.53 ± 0.12 ng/ml (phase 1), declined at 72 h to 13.31 ± 0.24 ng/ml (phase 2), and increased at 96 h (82.78 ± 2.01 ng/ml) and 120 h (185.12 ± 5.68 ng/ml; phase 3). The fifth animal had an extended phase 2. PGA levels were triphasic; they were nondetectable at 24 h, increased at 48 h (2,037 ± 2 ng/ml), declined at 72 h (14 ± 0.2 ng/ml), and then increased at 96 h (3,401 ± 8 ng/ml) and 120 h (6,004 ± 187 ng/ml). Bacteremia was also triphasic: positive at 48 h, negative at 72 h, and positive at euthanasia. Blood neutrophils increased from preexposure (34.4% ± 0.13%) to 48 h (75.6% ± 0.08%) and declined at 72 h (62.4% ± 0.05%). The 72-h declines may establish a “go/no go” turning point in infection, after which systemic bacteremia ensues and the host's condition deteriorates. This study emphasizes the value of LF detection as a tool for early diagnosis of inhalation anthrax before the onset of fulminant systemic infection.
The Stabilizer in Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching

Stabilize drogen peroxide decomposed at a slower rate than unstabilized peroxide and, for a given amount of decomposition in the presence of cellulose fabric, was more effective in raising reflectance and causing chemical damage. The ratio of reflectance to reduction of viscosity, however, was the same, suggesting that damage to cellulose is unavoidable and related to the amount of colored impurities destroyed. This ratio is dependent on the history of the fiber.
The role of spectral composition of sounds on the localization of sound sources by cats

Sound localization along the azimuthal dimension depends on interaural time and level disparities, whereas localization in elevation depends on broadband power spectra resulting from the filtering ...
Precocious Sexual and Somatic Development in a Male Infant with a Presacral Teratoma Containing Androgen-Producing Tissue

CASES OF teratoma associated with precocious sexual and somatic development are of utmost rarity. In this paper, the literature on teratoma with precocity is reviewed, a unique case of presacral teratoma with androgenic tissue causing precocity is presented and the mechanism by which teratomas cause precocity is discussed. LITERATURE ON TERATOMA WITH PRECOCITY An accurate appraisal of the literature was difficult since some reports of tumors associated with precocity are dated long before the recognition of certain lesions capable of causing precocity such as the interstitial-cell tumor of the testis and the granulosa-cell tumor of the ovary. The proper classification of some tumors seemed impossible to achieve since histological findings were either not given or appeared inadequate. Teratoma with precocity in the male. The only undisputed cases of teratoma associated with precocity seem to be those arising from the pineal gland. The tendency has been to consider factors other than the teratoma itself as ...
Personalizing Forum Search using Multidimensional Random Walks

Online forums are a vital resource for users to ask questions and to participate in discussions. Yet, the search functionality on such forum sites is very primitive; posts containing the searched keywords are retrieved in the order of their creation date. In these interactive and social web forum sites, users frequently make connections with other users due to shared interests, same information needs or similar profiles. A critical challenge then, is to score and rank the forum posts while taking into account these relations between users. In this paper, we present a personalized search over forums that leverages user similarities developed via multiple relations linking users. We build a novel multidimensional random walk model that uniformly incorporates the heterogeneous user relations to find similar forum participants. We then use this multi-relational user similarity to predict future interactions by personalizing answer search. Furthermore, we extend our methods to enhance keyword search for forum readers, by using expertise scores for all existing forum participants. Our results show that by leveraging the author dimension we can retrieve more relevant results than the traditional IR scoring alone.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Contralateral Ureter: A Rare Phenomenon

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the contralateral ureter is a rare phenomenon. We report a metastatic RCC to the contralateral ureter 5 months after right radical nephrectomy for Fuhrman grade 3/4 clear cell adenocarcinoma with pathologic T3 staging. The distal ureter was excised followed by partial ileal ureteral substitution. Pathology confirmed metastatic clear cell RCC Fuhrman grade 2/4. Ileal ureteral substitution has been shown to provide good long-term functional outcomes and should be considered as a possible option for surgical treatment of ureteral metastasis.
A Penumbra Overlooked: The Free Exercise Clause and Lawrence V. Texas

The origins and development of the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause cast valuable light on the controversy in Lawrence v. Texas. Though the majority ultimately rested its decision upon the Constitution's vague promise of "due process," it might have achieved better textual traction by emphasizing the close relationship between the principles underlying religious freedom, an enumerated right, and those implicated by the proposed unenumerated right to same-sex intercourse. Specifically, important Founding arguments for religious freedom evince concern for paternalistic laws that target behaviors unlikely to be altered by coercion, and which will therefore be fraught with non-compliance requiring stigmatizing and invasive punishment. In addition, the Reconstruction ethos manifest in the Fourteenth Amendment has reformulated religious freedom as a personal claim of autonomy from moral majorities, rather than a mere freedom of worship or ritual. Reasoning from these principles, I defend the holding in Lawrence on Free Exercise grounds. I then argue that the similarities between the principles that motivate an enumerated right and those at stake in a proposed unenumerated right should guide any effort to define the contours of the Fourteenth Amendment's underspecified commitments. This approach offers the best hope for giving robust content to the text's open-ended provisions, while maintaining a proper emphasis on the Constitution's text and history rather than controversial social trends or transient philosophical fashions.
"I Am so Bored!": Prevalence Rates and Sociodemographic and Contextual Correlates of High Boredom among American Adolescents.

Adolescent boredom is associated with maladaptation and negative developmental outcomes, yet little is known about the prevalence and correlates of high boredom. Drawing from a broad psychosocial f...
Homelessness, HIV, and Incomplete Viral Suppression

Background . The importance of HIV viral suppression is widely known, however few studies have examined the effects of homelessness on HIV viral suppression. Methods . The study included HIV-seropositive patients in a health care for the homeless program (HCH). Electronic medical record data for 138 patients were analyzed to compare demographic characteristics, health characteristics, and utilization by housing status. For the 95 individuals with available HIV viral loads, multivariable logistic analysis was performed to examine factors associated with incomplete viral suppression. Results . The adjusted odds ratio of incomplete HIV viral load suppression was 3.84 times higher in homeless compared with housed (95% CI 1.36–10.36) individuals. Illicit drug use and combined antiretrovirals (cART) were associated with HIV viral suppression. Conclusions . Homelessness predicted incomplete HIV viral suppression. Stable housing may improve viral suppression and access to cART. Drug use was associated with viral suppression, likely because of patient engagement with on-site addiction services.
Reversible renal toxicity resulting from high single doses of the new radiosensitizer gadolinium texaphyrin

Gadolinium (III) texaphyrin (Gd-Tex) (NSC 695238) is a potential radiation sensitizer that selectively localizes in tumors and is detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this single-dose phase I trial, reversible renal injury was the dose-limiting toxicity. This report details that renal injury. A single intravenous dose of Gd-Tex was followed 2 hours later by radiation therapy. The Gd-Tex dose was escalated in 13 patient cohorts. Doses ranged from 0.6 to 29.6 mg/kg. The maximum tolerated dosage (MTD) was 22.3 mg/kg. Three patients had grade II and one had grade III acute nonoliguric renal failure at the 22.3 and 29.6 mg/kg dose levels. The injury was always transient, and responded to fluid restriction and renal diet. In all patients, transient green discoloration including urine developed at doses ≥7.1 mg/kg. MRI studies demonstrated image enhancement in the liver, kidneys, and in primary and metastatic tumors in all patients receiving >5.4 mg/kg. It is important that the liver and kidneys be excluded from the radiation volume. Gd-Tex was well tolerated at doses below the MTD. It is important that the liver and kidneys be excluded from the radiation volume. We recommend that 16.7 mg/kg be used as the maximum single dose to obviate even low grade renal toxicity.
Ask the lyrics: John Fante in music

The crosspollination of literature and lyrics is not a new phenomenon in popular music and classics of world literature continue to inspire songwriters who incorporate them in their art in different ways and forms. Interestingly enough, a not-yet-classic author like the Italian-American John Fante has had an impact on popular culture and music both in Italy and in the United States. Grossly neglected by mainstream American literature, mainly labeled as an “ethnic” writer, John Fante has only recently become widely read in Italy and he has already developed unusual ties with music in both countries. In this article, I will briefly survey the reception of John Fante in the United States and Italy by tracing the history of the publication of his works in translation. I will then present a review of some Italian and American songs that explicitly draw inspiration from Arturo Bandini, the protagonist of Fante’s saga. This article is an exploration of the relationship between literature, music, and society thro...
Based on PRO/E helical gears 3D Modeling

China's manufacturing CAD / CAM applications become wider,universal,it is necessary to establish an accurate three-dimensional helical gears parameters of the model,so that we can create accurate helical gears.This article explains the helical gears geometric characteristics,details on the application of Pro / E to create helical gears model of the methods and steps.Helical gears to the idea modeling shows that a reasonable,consistent with the requirements of the model on the premise that physical understanding of the geometric characteristics,features,and then use the appropriate modeling method may obtain accurate model.
Competencies, Challenges, and Changes: A US Perspective on Preparing Twenty-First Century Teachers and Leaders

This chapter articulates the challenge that educators, school leaders, and teacher educators face today in preparing learners for their future, given the reality of students’ and teachers’ lives today. It then provides a US perspective on teacher and leader preparation, specifically related to the use of ICT and goals of preparing individuals for twenty-first century expectations. It explores the pressures, issues, regulations, challenges, and goals of preparing educators and leaders for the schools our students need. Through a review of the extant literature and current trends, readers will gain knowledge of best practices and recommendations for future steps.
Nano-particle delivery of brain derived neurotrophic factor after focal cerebral ischemia reduces tissue injury and enhances behavioral recovery

Abstract Background Low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are linked to delayed neurological recovery, depression, and cognitive impairment following stroke. Supplementation with BDNF reverses these effects. Unfortunately, systemically administered BDNF in its native form has minimal therapeutic value due to its poor blood brain barrier permeability and short serum half-life. In this study, a novel nano-particle polyion complex formulation of BDNF (nano-BDNF) was administered to mice after experimental ischemic stroke. Methods Male C57BL/6J (8–10 weeks) mice were randomly assigned to receive nano-BDNF, native-BDNF, or saline treatment after being subjected to 60 min of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Mice received the first dose at 3 (early treatment), 6 (intermediate treatment), or 12 h (delayed treatment) following stroke onset; a second dose was given in all cohorts at 24 h after stroke onset. Post-stroke outcome was evaluated by behavioral, histological, and molecular analysis for 15 days after stroke. Results Early and intermediate nano-BDNF treatment led to a significant reduction in cerebral tissue loss. Delayed treatment led to improved memory/cognition, reduced post-stroke depressive phenotypes, and maintained myelin basic protein and brain BDNF levels, but had no effect on tissue atrophy. Conclusions The results indicate that administration of a novel nano-particle formulation of BDNF leads to both neuroprotective and neuro-restorative effects after stroke.
Confronting Global Chronic Disease: The Role for Schools of Public Health.

Highlights Schools of public health have been leaders in the science of prevention of NCD. The science led by schools has shown that up to 80% of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes and 40% of cancers are preventable. Prevention has been demonstrated in population-wide approaches in multiple countries. The changing causes of chronic diseases and rising prevalence require new scientific leadership and solutions. All sectors will benefit from their investment in the 21st century NCD prevention science and education that is needed from schools of public health. Areas for scientific investment are proposed.
Learning under extreme verification latency quickly: FAST COMPOSE

One of the more challenging real-world problems in computational intelligence is to learn from non-stationary streaming data, also known as concept drift. Perhaps even a more challenging version of this scenario is when - following a small set of initial labeled data - the data stream consists of unlabeled data only. Such a scenario is typically referred to as learning in initially labeled nonstationary environment, or simply as extreme verification latency (EVL). In our prior work, we described a framework, called COMPOSE (COMPacted Object Sample Extraction) that works well in this type of environment, provided that the data distributions experience limited drift. The central premise behind COMPOSE is core support extraction, in which α-shapes or density estimation is used to extract the most representative instances - the core supports that typically lie in the center of the feature space for each class - to be used as labeled data in future time-steps. This process, however, is computationally very expensive especially for high dimensional data. In this paper, we describe a modification to COMPOSE that allows the algorithm to work without core support extraction. We call the new algorithm FAST COMPOSE. Several datasets are used to compare the performance of FAST COMPOSE with the original COMPOSE, as well as with SCARGC (another algorithm that can address EVL), both in accuracy and in execution time. The results obtained show the promising potential of using FAST COMPOSE.
Tuberculosis screening among HIV-infected patients: tuberculin skin test vs. interferon-gamma release assay

ABSTRACTNational guidelines recommend screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in all HIV-infected patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure protocol adherence to national guidelines regarding LTBI screening for HIV-infected patients entering care at an urban primary care clinic specializing in HIV care, identify clinical and other characteristics associated with adherence, and determine whether transitioning from the tuberculin skin test (TST) to the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) improved adherence. We conducted a retrospective study using protocol adherence to LTBI screening guidelines within twelve months of entering care at an HIV clinic as the primary outcome. Successful protocol adherence was defined as the placement and reading of a TST, performance of an IGRA, or a note in study clinic records documenting prior testing or treatment for tuberculosis in an outside setting. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were used in analyses. Overall, 32% (n = 118...
Indirect Context Suggestion

Context suggestion refers to the task of recommending appropriate contexts to the users to improve the user experience. The suggested contexts could be time, location, companion, category, and so forth. In this paper, we particularly focus on the task of suggesting appropriate contexts to a user on a specific item. We evaluate the indirect context suggestion approaches over a movie data collected from user surveys, in comparison with direct context prediction approaches. Our experimental results reveal that indirect context suggestion is better and tensor factorization is generally the best way to suggest contexts to a user when given an item.
Microneurosurgical Clip Ligation of Acutely Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Immediately Preceded by Intentional Subtotal Endovascular Coil Embolization Under a Single Anesthesia: Observations Using a Deliberate Combined Sequential Treatment Strategy in 13 Cases.

Background Endovascular coil embolization and craniotomy with clip ligation are the 2 most commonly used treatments for ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Although coiling maintains the advantages of brevity and complete avoidance of brain retraction and manipulation, clipping offers the benefits of decompression of the injured brain and lower rates of aneurysm recurrence. A combined, immediately sequential treatment strategy for acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysm that simultaneously maximizes the advantages of both techniques, while minimizing their respective disadvantages, may be a useful paradigm. Objective To demonstrate the complementarity of clipping and coiling in acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Methods Patients with ruptured anterior circulation cerebral aneurysm standing to benefit from brain decompression were treated by a combination of coiling and microneurosurgery in rapid succession, under the same general anesthetic. Surgery consisted of clipping of the aneurysm via either craniotomy or craniectomy with expansion duraplasty in all cases, and ventriculostomy in selected cases. Results Coil embolization of the ruptured aneurysm was carried out rapidly and improved the efficiency of subsequent clipping by allowing early unequivocal identification of the aneurysm dome and decreased brain retraction, reducing risk of intraoperative rupture and obviating temporary occlusion. All aneurysms were shown eliminated by postoperative cerebral angiography. Conclusions A deliberate combined treatment strategy that uses clipping immediately preceded by subtotal coiling under a single anesthetic may be ideal for selected ruptured cerebral aneurysms, takes advantage of the unique strengths of both techniques, makes both techniques easier, and maximizes opportunity for brain protection against delayed complications in the prolonged aftermath of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Barriers to participating in a community-based cardiovascular disease risk reduction program

Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used to examine barriers to attending the Iowa WISEWOMAN program, and making health behavior changes. Subjects (N=161) represented three levels of program participation full, minimum, and none. Scales of food security, barriers to attendance and health behavior change, and self-efficacy for nutrition and physical activity were administered via survey. Minimum and no exposure participants perceived significantly more barriers to attendance than the full exposure participants (p<0.05); barriers to health behavior change and self-efficacy for nutrition and physical activity were not significantly different among the groups. Forty-seven subjects also participated in focus groups. Perceived lack of time was found to be a major barrier to both health behavior change and attending health promotion programs. Subjects mentioned lack of time as a barrier to physical activity, healthy eating, and attending WISEWOMAN sessions. Health promotion programs must identify and address perceived barriers of target audiences for program success.
Correction of Corneal Astigmatism with Toric IOLs

Anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism must both be considered when calculating toric intraocular lenses (IOLs). The purpose of the two studies discussed in this chapter was to assess the relationship between anterior and posterior corneal astigmatisms and to evaluate the clinical impact of posterior corneal astigmatism on surgical outcomes following implantation of toric IOLs. Anterior and posterior corneal astigmatisms (CAant and CApost, respectively) were measured using the Galilei combined Placido dual Scheimpflug analyzer, and the correlation between them and age was investigated. In addition, pre- and postoperative corneal astigmatism prediction errors were calculated for the IOLMaster, Lenstar, Atlas, manual keratometer, and Galilei. The mean magnitude of CAant was 1.20 ± 0.79 D (diopters) (standard deviation) and of CApost was −0.30 ± 0.15 D. With increasing age, the anterior corneal steeper meridian shifted from vertical to horizontal, while the posterior corneal steeper meridian maintained a vertically aligned steeper meridian. The IOLMaster, Lenstar, Atlas, and manual keratometry had a mean corneal astigmatism prediction error of 0.5–0.6 D of with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism in eyes with WTR corneal astigmatism and of 0.2–0.3 D of WTR astigmatism in eyes with against-the-rule (ATR) corneal astigmatism. These errors are attributable to posterior corneal astigmatism. In conclusion, ignoring the posterior corneal astigmatism when planning astigmatic correction during cataract surgery may lead to overcorrection in eyes with WTR anterior corneal astigmatism and undercorrection in eyes with ATR anterior corneal astigmatism.
Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Difference Spectroscopy of ZnO and Mg Composites in the Detection of Physiological Protein and RNA Interactions.

Two-dimensional fluorescence difference spectroscopy (2-D FDS) was used to determine the unique spectral signatures of zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO), and 5% magnesium zinc oxide nanocomposite (5% Mg/ZnO) and was then used to demonstrate the change in spectral signature that occurs when physiologically important proteins, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ribonuclease A (RNase A), interact with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). When RNase A is bound to 5% Mg/ZnO, the intensity is quenched, while the intensity is magnified and a significant shift is seen when torula yeast RNA (TYRNA) is bound to RNase A and 5% Mg/ZnO. The intensity of 5% Mg/ZnO is quenched also when thrombin and thrombin aptamer are bound to the nanocomposite. These data indicate that RNA–protein interaction can occur unimpeded on the surface of NPs, which was confirmed by gel electrophoresis, and importantly that the change in fluorescence excitation, emission, and intensity shown by 2-D FDS may indicate specificity of biomolecular interactions.
277. Indikationen und Ergebnisse der percutanen Drainage intraabdominaler Abscesse

Die Indikation fur eine percutane Drainage intraabdominaler Abscesse ist gegeben, wenn 1. nicht mehr als zwei Abscesshohlen nachgewiesen werden, 2. eine Verletzung intraabdominaler Organe und eine Kontamination des Brust- und Bauchraumes sicher vermieden werden kann, 3. keine Perforation des Magen-Darm-Traktes vorliegt. Diese Voraussetzungen sind nur bei einem Drittel aller Patienten mit intraabdominalen Abscessen gegeben. Das Drainageverfahren der Wahl fur die Mehrzahl der Falle bleibt deshalb chirurgisch. Allerdings konnten 25 Abscesse, die die oben aufgefuhrten Voraussetzungen erfullten, erfolgreich und komplikationslos percutan drainiert werden.
Volatility Clustering in the Greek Futures Market: Curse or Blessing?

This paper examines the existence and nature of volatility clustering phenomena in the Athens FTSE20 index futures contract. An issue that permanently bewilders researchers, volatility clustering or persistence has been found present in most financial markets across the world. The purpose of this analysis is to offer an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of clustering in the domestic derivatives market. Our analysis shows that the time series of the Greek futures market exhibit volatility clustering, with negative shocks being more persistent than positive ones. The paper also applies GARCH-type, regression and exponential smoothing models in order to compare their forecasting power on volatility. The results show that GARCH models, albeit their heteroskedasticity-healing power do not prove their superiority, especially to the ES models that manage to give superior forecasts. In all, despite the fact that volatility clustering and many of its attributes are known and explored to a satisfactory level, there seems to be limited benefits in everyday trading, making its presence more of a curse than a blessing in forecasting the market.
Ancient Persia: Empire at Large: From the Death of Xerxes to Darius II

The reign of Xerxes, and especially his invasion of Greece in 480–479 BCE, has always been viewed as a watershed for Greek history as well as Achaemenid historiography – the former emphasizing a historical narrative and the latter studying the historical sequence. This is not surprising, because they both involve many of the same sources. The study of subsequent Achaemenid history typifies the methodological problem so prevalent in studying Xerxes’ invasion of Greece: a disproportionate reliance on Greek source material. Royal inscriptions become fewer, shorter, and more stylized. Economic and administrative archival materials from Near Eastern sources retain their paramount importance, but the material (with a few exceptions) is more sporadic and less richly detailed than the Persepolis Fortification tablets. PALACE INTRIGUE AND THE ASSASSINATION OF XERXES A Babylonian tablet contains reference to Xerxes death: “on the 14th day of Abu, Xerxes’ son killed him.” The terse reference is to the point and relatively precise on the time of death – by our calendar sometime in late July or early August in 465 BCE. For a narrative account, we must turn to the Classical tradition. Ctesias, Diodorus Siculus, and Justin all point to a plot hatched by one of Xerxes’ courtiers, a certain Artabanus (Artapanus in Ctesias), who was abetted by other high officials. No reason for the plot is given, although Justin relates a stereotyped view that Xerxes’ defeat in Greece – fifteen years earlier than his death – was somehow responsible for a serious decline in both Xerxes’ and the Empire’s fortunes, a view contradicted by more than 130 years of continued Persian rule.
Do Combination Vaccines or Simultaneous Vaccination Increase the Risk of Adverse Events

Certain combination vaccines or simultaneous administration of vaccines that are known to cause fever can rarely cause febrile seizures in infants and young children beyond the risk presented by individually administered vaccines. Specifically, the rate of febrile seizures in the 7-10 days after vaccination was approximately 2-3 times higher for children who received MMRV as compared to MMR and varicella vaccines administered separately on the same day and 4 times higher as compared to MMR alone, and when influenza and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are given simultaneously as opposed to separately in children 6-59 months of age, the risk of febrile seizures in the 24 hours after vaccination increases from roughly 5 to 17.5 per 100,000 doses. Simultaneous administration of Tdap and influenza vaccines during pregnancy does not increase the risk of acute adverse events or adverse birth outcomes. Combination vaccines and simultaneous administration of vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. have not been shown to cause any other adverse events at a greater rate than their individual vaccine components.
Prevention of Workplace Violence Among Health Care Workers

Workplace violence is common in health care settings. Occupational and environmental health nurses should educate employees about measures to prevent violence in the workplace.
The use of visual network scales in teacher leader development

Abstract Changes in the age and experience of the US teacher workforce have heightened the need for teacher leaders. Based on network-enhanced leadership development models advocated in the management sector, we developed an activity using Visual Network Scales as a pedagogical tool and assessed its utility within a teacher leader development program. Discourse analysis indicates teachers can discuss networks at both ends of a visual density scale, with discussions aligned to community-oriented leadership activities rather than personal classroom topics. Network analysis provides evidence for hybrid network structures explaining the diverse, concurrent set of local and regional activities ascribed to teacher leaders.
The Extracellular Matrix in Ischemic and Nonischemic Heart Failure.

The ECM (extracellular matrix) network plays a crucial role in cardiac homeostasis, not only by providing structural support, but also by facilitating force transmission, and by transducing key sig...
Undergraduate teaching of scientific concepts using DNA barcoding of Trichoptera

Student instruction is often segregated into specific subjects, giving the impression that different areas of study are largely unrelated. Teaching in “silos” inhibits the formation of connections among subjects. An academic curriculum that integrates DNA barcoding can expose students to a wide variety of scientific concepts, technical skills, problem solving, and fieldwork. In an approach that emphasizes conceptual interconnections, students are instructed in methods of caddisfly collection, specimen vouchering, DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing of the COI barcode fragment, data curation in the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD), and phylogenetic analysis. Accompanying development of these technical skills are learning objectives which include recognizing that DNA comes from real organisms and consists of molecules that are a physical part of those organisms, rather than being an obtuse symbolic abstraction. Students learn to logically pull together concepts from multiple scientific fields, use them in a practical setting, and experience science more broadly as a unified and interconnected discipline.
Analysis of User Charging Behavior at Public Charging Stations

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) play significant role in the development of green cities, since they have less impact on the environment compared to conventional vehicles. To promote PEV adoption, charging infrastructure should be deployed at strategic locations that are readily accessible to the public to mitigate range anxiety of PEV users. In this paper, 17,675 charging events were collected from charging stations located in the state of Nebraska to accurately quantify the factors that have an influential role in determining user connection periods at public charging stations. This analysis aims to aid policy-makers in understanding the charging behaviors of PEV users, in order to optimize the characteristics, size and locations of public charging stations.
Aortoenteric Fistula (Gastric, Small Intestine, Colonic, Biliary)

Aortic disease is well known. The most common lesions involving the aorta include the aortic aneurysms and the atherosclerotic obstructive lesions. Each of these may also be involved in additional complications of the abdominal aorta—namely, aortic fistulas. Primary and secondary aortic fistula may develop in the patient with an aortic aneurysm or postsurgical therapy for an aneurysm. Similarly, after open surgical grafting of an obstructive atherosclerotic aortic lesion, a patient may develop a secondary aortic fistula. Aortogastric or aortoenteric (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colonic, appendiceal) and even biliary fistula may result from primary or secondary causes such as infection, surgery, or trauma. Initial treatment, after appropriate diagnostic evaluation, will include endografting in most patients. After stabilization, many patients will then require an open graft placement in order to heal the infected aorta and close the defect. Sepsis and blood loss are then therapeutically under control.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Requiring Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

If donor-specific antibodies are present in the hematopoietic cell transplantation recipient and directed towards the mismatched type in the donor, then resistance to engraftment may occur The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) requires the patient receiving matched-unrelated donor (MUD) transplantation to undergo HLA typing with two separate specimens
Disparities in mortality among adults with and without diabetes by sex and race.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine whether the reduction in the mortality gap between individuals with and without diabetes varies by sex and race/ethnicity. Methods We analyzed data in adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010 and their linked mortality data through 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among participants with diabetes as compared to those without diabetes by sex and race/ethnicity in 1999–2004 and 2005–2010. Results The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in women with diabetes compared to those without diabetes in both study periods (HR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.2; HR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.0). Among men, the risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in men with compared to men without diabetes in 1999–2004 but not in 2005–2010. There was no significant association between diabetes and CVD mortality among men in 2005–2010, while the association was significant among women in both study periods (HR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.7; HR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.9). The association between diabetes and all-cause mortality was similar across racial/ethnic groups in 1999–2004, but was significantly higher among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans in 2005–2010. Conclusions Progress in reducing mortality among individuals with diabetes has been more significant among men and non-Hispanic whites. Sex and racial/ethnic disparities in mortality among individuals with diabetes still persist.
Children’s Exposure to Single Incidents of Terrorism: Perspectives Over 25 Years Since the Oklahoma City Bombing

This paper traces advances in our knowledge about children’s exposure and reactions to terrorist events over the last 25 years, beginning with the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, and offers observations about cross-cutting issues including implications for services. Direct and indirect interpersonal exposures have been examined in community samples and in samples of children selected because of their event experiences. Despite its present exclusion from the stressor criterion for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, considerable research has documented an association between children’s initial subjective reaction and outcomes. Few studies have examined the influence of community or distant effects on outcomes, but contact with media coverage has been well studied. This review confirms the central role of exposure in influencing children’s reactions to terrorist incidents and supports recent efforts to distinguish specific experiences that constitute children’s event exposures.
Family Status and Mental Health

Early epidemiological research on family status and mental health produced three “social facts”: 1. Marriage is beneficial to mental health. 2. Marriage benefits the mental health of men more than women. 3. Parenthood causes psychological distress, especially for women. Until very recently, the first “fact” went largely uncontested. Durkheim (1897/1951) came to a similar conclusion at the turn of the century when he found that suicide rates were higher among the unmarried than the married. Working from a variety of theoretical perspectives, sociologists throughout the twentieth century concluded that marriage has beneficial effects on the individual. The second “fact” generated much more controversy beginning in the 1970s. Jesse Bernard (1972) argued, in support of a gender difference in marital benefits, that men and women experienced “his and hers marriages” in which women sacrifice more of themselves than do men, particularly in providing services to their spouses. Furthermore, she argued that men receive more benefits from marriage than do women. Walter Gove (Gove & Tudor, 1973) similarly argued that women are more depressed than men and that this sex difference is largely due to women’s more frustrating and less rewarding roles, especially their marital roles. Bruce Dohrenwend (Dohrenwend, Dohrenwend, 1976) contested Gove’s conclusions because Gove presented evidence only for neurotic disorders and functional psychoses—disorders for which women are overrepresented relative to men. He argued that Gove’s definition of mental illness left out some of the most significant and serious disorders, particularly personality disorders, that happen to be more prevalent among men than women. Dohrenwend contended that the different types of disorders could be viewed as functional equivalents in the sense that men and women simply express psychological distress in different ways. In summary, women are generally not necessarily more distressed than men.
Talking With Children About Prognosis: The Decisions and Experiences of Mothers With Metastatic Cancer.

PURPOSE:Parents with metastatic cancer report unique concerns and challenges when discussing their illness with their minor children. Greater understanding of parents’ communication experiences can...
Efficient Network Protection Games Against Multiple Types Of Strategic Attackers

This paper considers network protection games against different types of attackers for a heterogeneous network system with N units. A defender, by applying resources to networked units, can decrease the units’ vulnerabilities. At the same time, the defender needs to take into account the cost of using defense resources. Two non-zero sum Nash games against two different types of attackers are studied. The first type tries to maximize damage based on the value of security assets related to networked units, while the second type aims at infiltrating the network. The analyses show that there exists a cut-off index determining the set of units that will be protected in the equilibrium strategies of the first game, while either all units or none will be covered in the equilibria of the second game. An application of the network protection game to secure wireless communication networks is presented.
The allograft injury marker CXCL9 determines prognosis of anti-HLA antibodies after lung transplantation.

Despite the common detection of non-donor specific anti-HLA antibodies (non-DSAs) after lung transplantation, their clinical significance remains unclear. In this retrospective single-center cohort study of 325 lung transplant recipients, we evaluated the association between donor specific HLA antibodies (DSAs) and non-DSAs with subsequent CLAD development. DSAs were detected in 30% of recipients and were associated with increased CLAD risk, with higher HRs for both de novo and high MFI (>5000) DSAs. Non-DSAs were detected in 56% of recipients, and 85% of DSA positive tests had concurrent non-DSAs. In general, non-DSAs did not increase CLAD risk in multivariable models accounting for DSAs. However, non-DSAs in conjunction with high BAL CXCL9 levels were associated with increased CLAD risk. Multivariable proportional hazards models demonstrate the importance of the HLA antibody-CXCL9 interaction: CLAD risk increases when HLA antibodies (both DSAs and non-DSAs) are detected in conjunction with high CXCL9. Conversely, CLAD risk is not increased when HLA antibodies are detected with low CXCL9. This study supports the potential utility of BAL CXCL9 measurement as a biomarker to risk stratify HLA antibodies for future CLAD. The ability to discriminate between high versus low-risk HLA antibodies may improve management by allowing for guided treatment decisions.
Ecological Study of Variability in the Relationship between Liver Cancer Mortality and Racial Residential Segregation.

Racial segregation has been identified as a predictor for the burden of cancer in several different metropolitan areas across the United States. This ecological study tested relationships between racial segregation and liver cancer mortality across several different metropolitan statistical areas in Wisconsin. Tract-level liver cancer mortality rates were calculated using cases from 2003–2012. Hotspot analysis was conducted and segregation scores in high, low, and baseline mortality tracts were compared using ANOVA. Spatial regression analysis was done, controlling for socioeconomic advantage and rurality. Black isolation scores were significantly higher in high-mortality tracts compared to baseline and low-mortality tracts, but stratification by metropolitan areas found this relationship was driven by two of the five metropolitan areas. Hispanic isolation was predictive for higher mortality in regression analysis, but this effect was not found across all metropolitan areas. This study showed associations between liver cancer mortality and racial segregation but also found that this relationship was not generalizable to all metropolitan areas in the study area.
Xhosa izibongo: Improvised line

The tradition of Xhosa izibongo is similar to the tradition of Zulu izibongo, except in the poetry of the imbongi: The Xhosa imbongi displays a greater tendency to improvisation than his Zulu counterpart. The structure of such improvised poetry may be viewed as an extension of other forms of izibongo, which are constructed from a core of nomineis expanded into verses, in turn occasionally expanded into stanzas. The analytical techniques of Dell Hymes promote an appreciation not only of this structure but also of the aesthetic implications of the poem as a whole.
Survival ≤ 800 Grams!?

La Pine et al1 report improved survival and stable outcome for ≤800-g birth weight infants born 1977 through 1990 at the University of Washington. The authors do not provide enough data determine if the greater survival was secondary to attitude changes, alteration of perinatal/neonatal practices, or variation population demographics over time. Although determining cause of improved survival was not the authors9 intent, addressing these issues may assist the reader in determining if the University of Washington experience is generalizable to other centers.
Optimal lipid targets for the new era of cardiovascular prevention.

Optimal lipid targets (OLT) should be the goal for all individuals treated in the new era of cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention. Evidence supports that average LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) values in Westernized populations are not optimal. Lessons from nature and science support a physiologic LDL-C target of 50 mg/dL is associated with lower CV risk. Clinical trials on HDL-C have thus far been disappointing. OLT should be the goal for all individuals as an important part of addressing global CV risk.
Lithium-Catalyzed Ouabain Binding to Canine Kidney Na,K-ATPase

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the lithium-catalyzed ouabain binding to canine kidney Na, K-ATPase. The interactions of metal ions with Na, K-ATPase are extremely complex, involving the regulation of various conformational transitions as well as enzyme substrate complex formation. As the divalent cation Mg2+ is essential for catalytic activity and also modulates the specific inhibition of the enzyme by cardiac glycosides, it seems possible that there may be multiple regulatory sites for Mg2+ on the enzyme. With the possibility that Li+ may be capable of substituting for Mg2+, as indicated by physicochemical properties, studies were undertaken to compare the ability of these two cations to modulate ouabain interactions with the enzyme. Using a purified preparation of Na, K-ATPase from canine renal medulla, Li+ was found to be capable of supporting the interaction of ouabain with the enzyme. This represents a property of Li+ totally different from either Na+ or K+ because these monovalent cations alone are in effective in supporting ouabain binding. The interpretation of lithium's effects on ouabain binding can best be envisioned in terms of a partial agonist for Mg2+.
Nonlinear poisson-Boltzmann potential for a uniformly charged dielectric sphere in an electrolyte

A perturbation expansion for the electrostatic potential of a uniformly charged, dielectric sphere in an electrolyte is given in the large radius limit as a solution of the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation for qφ/κT > 1. The potential in principle calculable to any order n, is valid for distances smaller than the sphere radius and for λD/a, ratio of Debye length to sphere radius, small compared to one. A two term expansion agrees with numerical results of Wiersema at the sphere for the above conditions and also for all λD/a if qφ/κT ≥ 12.