cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the improvement of physical education in selected public elementary schools of New Jersey

Abstract The study drew upon the professional literature to develop criteria for evaluating the program in elementary school physical education. The five areas of philosophy, personnel, curriculum, activities beyond the in-class program, as well as time, space, equipment, and facilities, were used to construct a checklist for surveying programs in 450 selected school districts. The 13 school districts which fulfilled the criteria most fully and the 13 which fulfilled the criteria least fully were located. All 26 districts were visited. Guidelines for improving programs were developed from a study of the critical differences between the districts. Varied programs existed for physical education in elementary schools in New Jersey. They ranged from free-play recess to a formal program, taught by a special teacher in a gymnasium. The findings from the survey and the differences between the two groups of school districts were charted and treated statistically.
Multiphoton Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules Studied with a Molecular Beam

Collisionless multiphoton dissociation (MPD) of polyatomic molecules is now a well-known subject in quantum electronics. The process has been shown to be isotopically selective and rather efficient. It has also been suggested as a potential method for exciting mode-control unimolecular reactions for chemical synthesis. Since there already exist a number of extensive review articles on the subject [1], we shall not discuss here in any detail what has already been established, but shall limit ourselves to the most recent progress in our understanding of the subject.
Lyman spectrum of holes bound to substitutional 3d transition metal ions in a III-V host: GaAs(Mn2+, Co2+, or Cu2+), GaP(Mn2+), and InP(Mn2+)

The 3d-transition metal impurities (Mn, Co, and Cu) incorporated into III-V zinc blende hosts (GaAs, GaP, or InP) exhibit well resolved excitation lines followed by a photoionization continuum in their infrared absorption spectra. They are associated with transitions from a ``1s-like'' ground state to various ``p-like'' excited states characteristic of a hole bound to a Coulomb center. Their spacings agree remarkably well with those predicted in the effective mass theory for single acceptors [A. Baldereschi and N. O. Lipari, Phys. Rev. B 9, 1525 (1974)] as expected for 3d-transition metal ions substitutionally replacing the group III cations of the host. The shape of the photoionization spectra, the occurrence of the simultaneous excitation of the Lyman transitions in combination with the zone center longitudinal optical phonon and hence lying in the photoionization continuum and displaying Fano-like asymmetries, the additional continuum excitations to and beyond the ${p}_{1/2}$ valence band maximum, are the features described and interpreted. Cu acceptors in GaAs show Lyman doublets, indicative of two independent centers; it is speculated that they could arise from He-like ${3d}^{10}{4s}^{2}{4p}^{1},$ ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2\ensuremath{-}},$ and H-like ${3d}^{9}{4s}^{2}{4p}^{1},$ ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ Coulomb centers.
On local representations of von Neumann algebras

We prove that every bounded, linear, 2-local Hilbert space representation of a von Neumann algebra is a representation. In contrast, 1-local representations may fail to be multiplicative, even at the 2 by 2 matrix algebra level.
Circadian control of β‐cell function and stress responses

Circadian disruption is the bane of modern existence and its deleterious effects on health; in particular, diabetes and metabolic syndrome have been well recognized in shift workers. Recent human studies strongly implicate a 'dose-dependent' relationship between circadian disruption and diabetes. Genetic and environmental disruption of the circadian clock in rodents leads to diabetes secondary to β-cell failure. Deletion of Bmal1, a non-redundant core clock gene, leads to defects in β-cell stimulus-secretion coupling, decreased glucose-stimulated ATP production, uncoupling of OXPHOS and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Both genetic and environmental circadian disruptions are sufficient to induce oxidative stress and this is mediated by a disruption of the direct transcriptional control of the core molecular clock and Bmal1 on Nrf2, the master antioxidant transcription factor in the β-cell. In addition, circadian disruption also leads to a dysregulation of the unfolded protein response and leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cells. Both the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contribute to an impairment of mitochondrial function and β-cell failure. Understanding the basis of the circadian control of these adaptive stress responses offers hope to target them for pharmacological modulation to prevent and mitigate the deleterious metabolic consequences of circadian disruption.
Adaptive control with stochastic gradient algorithm: rate of convergence

In this paper, we consider the rate of convergence of the parameter estimation error and the cost function for the stochastic approximation type algorithm. The problem is solve in the case of the minimum-variance stochastic adaptive control. It is proven that stochastic approximation algorithm has the same rate of convergence as the one established for the least-squares algorithm. Comparison of the two algorithms is made under the same conditions related to the process noise and the structure of the system model.
Bringing Regulatory Agencies Into Organizational Studies: Broadening the Lens Used to Examine the State

The management literature has typically taken a relatively narrow view when considering the relationships between firms and state actors by conceptualizing regulatory agencies simply as a source of...
Frass-mediated, Host-finding Behavior of Cotesia flavipes, a Braconid Parasite of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Host-finding behavior of the parasitic wasp, Cotesia flavipes (Cameron), is mediated by a water-soluble substance present in the fresh frass of larval Diatraea saccharalis (F.). Larval frass elicited a characteristic host-seeking response by the parasite. Upon contacting fresh larval frass, female C. flavipes exhibited a decreased rate of locomotion, coupled with intense palpitation of the frass with their antennae. Ovipositional probing was initiated only when physical contact was made with a D. saccharalis larva. Dry frass did not elicit a host-seeking response. However, fresh, moist frass dried for 6 h and remoistened retained original attractiveness. The presence of frass did not significantly enhance parasite oviposition. D. saccharalis frass from sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., was more attractive to C. flavipes females than frass from Johnson grass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers, when the parasite was given a choice. However, frass from both sources were equally attractive in a no-choice situation.
Evaluation of Quantitative Approaches for High Precision 3D Single Particle Tracking in Thick Cellular Specimens using Multifocal Plane Microscopy

Single particle tracking in live biological samples has been limited in application because of the lack of ability to follow the particles in the axial direction for significant distances. Further, imaging just one single focal plane leads to a significant decrease in axial localization accuracy when the point source is in focus. MUltifocal Microscopy (MUM) is a method that has been used to obtain high accuracy 3D localization information by simultaneously imaging more than one focal plane in the sample [1]. It has previously been used to image multiple closely-spaced focal planes to study intracellular biological events [2, 3].We have significantly expanded on the capabilities of MUM wherein we image at multiple well-separated focal planes in the sample to track single particles across depths of several microns. Using more than two planes allows us to monitor very thick samples and at the same time further increase the accuracy of axial localization near the focal planes. The widefield imaging configuration of MUM in conjunction with large plane-spacings allows us to simultaneously track multiple single particles for extended periods of time in three dimensions.We evaluate quantitative methods of estimating the axial localization of point sources using data from multiple focal planes and compare various methods of estimation to the lower bounds of axial localization accuracy. We then show that such quantitative imaging can be used to simultaneously track multiple quantum dots across the axial length of live cells with high spatial and temporal resolution for extended periods of time. Such ability opens up new possibilities in quantitative single particle tracking applications in biology.1. IEEE Trans. Nanobioscience, 2004, 3:237-242.2. PNAS, 2007, 104:5889-5894.3. Biophys J., 2008, 95:6025-6043.
N,N′-dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium: a redox-dependent receptor for aromatic carboxylates

Abstract Studies are presented showing that N,N′-dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium, DAP 2+ , acts as a redox-dependent receptor for aromatic carboxylates in aqueous solution. Cyclic voltammetric studies of DAP 2+ by itself indicate that its one-electron reduction to DAP + is only quasi-reversible in both aqueous and acetonitrile solutions due to the slow oxidation of DAP + back to DAP 2+ . In aqueous solution, the oxidation is very sensitive to other conditions such as pH and the presence of small amounts of iodide. However, in pH 7 phosphate buffer, fairly reversible voltammetry is observed at slow scan rates. Under these conditions, addition of excess aromatic carboxylate results in large negative shifts in the E 1/2 of DAP 2+/+ . Similar changes are observed in the 1 H NMR spectrum of DAP 2+ in the presence of the different carboxylates, indicating that the potential shift is due to strong interactions between the carboxylates and DAP 2+ . Upon reduction, the favorable coulombic interactions between the anionic carboxylates and the cationic pyrenium are weakened, resulting in the observed negative shifts in E 1/2 . Although the perturbation of electrostatic interactions causes the potential shifts, the magnitude of the shifts correlates more with the strength of π-stacking interactions between the carboxylates and DAP 2+ . Those carboxylates whose π system can come into maximum close contact with the DAP 2+ π system give the largest potential shifts.
Annual Plant Life Histories and the Paradigm of Resource Allocation

Much of life history theory follows from the idea that natural selection acts on the allocation of resources to competing and independent demographic functions. This paradigm has stimulated much research on the life histories of annual plants. Models of whole-plant resource budgets that use optimal control theory predict periods of 100% vegetative and 100% reproductive growth, sometimes with periods of mixed growth. I show here that this prediction follows from the assumption of independence of the competing ‘vegetative’ and ‘reproductive’ compartments. The prediction is qualitatively unchanged even after relaxing important simplifying assumptions used in most models. Although it follows naturally from the assumptions of the models, this kind of allocation pattern is unlikely to occur in many plants, because it requires that (1) leaf and flower buds can never simultaneously be carbon sinks; and (2) organs that accompany flowers, such as internodes and bracts, can never be net sources of photosynthate. Thus while resources are doubtless important for annual plants, an exclusively resource-based perspective may be inadequate to understand the evolution of their life histories. Progress in research may require models that incorporate, or are at least phenomenologically consistent with, the basic developmental reles of angiosperms.
Simple molecular model for sensing and adaptation based on receptor modification with application to bacterial chemotaxis.

Abstract A series of simple models to explain adaptation in a sensory system based on reversible covalent modification is developed. The models are applied to the reversible methylation of chemoreceptors in bacteria and by analogy to other sensory transduction systems. The receptor modification system exhibits sensing and adaptation, i.e. raising the stimulus to a new level generates a transient response followed by a return to prestimulus behavior. By means of an analytical solution of the kinetic equation that governs the evolution of the receptor system. an exact expression is obtained for the time required for adaptation. The results account for the most conspicuous properties of the bacterial sensory system; namely, the response times in relation to stimulus changes, the proportionality of receptor modification to receptor occupancy, and the additivity of response times. The analysis indicates how these properties depend upon the parameters of the system, e.g. the rates of covalent modification and demodification, the accuracy of the detector, and the molecular nature of the response regulator. The theory developed for analysis of the bacterial system revealed properties that will be applicable to any system processing sensory information.
Multiplicity of cytochrome P-450 in microsomal membranes from the housefly, Musca domestica

Abstract The heterogeneity of cytochrome P-450 in abdominal microsomes from the CSMA, SBO, Fc, Rutgers and Baygon strains of the housefly was examined by three different methods. Examination of ‘apparent absolute absorption spectra’ indicated at least two types of cytochrome in all strains, one with an absorption maximum at about 394 nm, being present in greater quantity in the insecticide-resistant strains, while the other, with an absorption maximum at about 412 nm, predominates in the insecticide-susceptible strains. Controlled tryptic digestion of microsomes followed by spectral examination at various time intervals indicated a heterogeneous population of cytochromes P-450 in CSMA, Fc and Rutgers strains. Subfractionation of microsomes from houseflies of the CSMA and Fc strains by a two-step discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation method provided evidence for cytochromes P-450 of different spectral characteristics. The concentration of cytochrome P-450, as well as its spectral characteristics varied between fractions and strains.
Ranges of applicability for the continuum beam model in the mechanics of carbon nanotubes and nanorods

Limitations in the validity of the continuum beam model for carbon nanotubes (NTs) and nanorods are examined. Applicability of all assumptions used in the model is restricted by the two criteria for geometric parameters that characterize the structure of NTs. The key non-dimensional parameters that control the NT buckling behavior are derived via dimensional analysis of the nanomechanical problem. A mechanical law of geometric similitude for NT buckling is extended from continuum mechanics for different molecular structures. A model applicability map, where two classes of beam-like NTs are identified, is constructed for distinct ranges of non-dimensional parameters. Expressions for the critical buckling loads and strains are tailored for two classes of NTs and compared with the data provided by the molecular dynamics simulations. copyright 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Series-commutated SCR controllers for variable-speed reluctance motor drives

A series of electronic controllers using power SCR1s has been developed and tested for use in controlling variable-speed reluctance motors from a fixed-voltage direct-current source. The series commutated SCR1s are operated in a pulse mode compatable with the restrictions of the reluctance machine. The motor-controller system is capable of both motoring and regenerating operation. The controllers have been designed to control both the magnitude and the pulse width of the output current pulse over a wide range of pulse frequency. The controllers have been tested at power levels up to 20 H.P. and controller efficiency has been accurately measured using electronic-multiplier wattmeters. The theory of the power circuit has been, developed including the derivation of current wave forms with time-varying inductance loads.
Adaptive post-silicon tuning for analog circuits: concept, analysis and optimization

The well-known Pelgrom model (S. Ray and B. Song, 2006) has demonstrated that the variation between two devices on the same die due to random mismatch is inversely proportional to the square root of the device area: sigma ~ 1/sqrt(Area). Based on the Pelgrom model, analog devices are sized to be large enough to werage out random variations. Importantly, with CMOS scaling, variations due to random doping fluctuations are making it exceedingly difficult to control device mismatches by sizing alone; namely, the devices have to be made so large that the benefits of CMOS scaling are not realized for analog and RF circuits. In this paper we propose a novel post-silicon timing methodology to reduce random mismatches for analog circuits in sub-90 nm CMOS. A novel dynamic programming algorithm is incorporated into a fast Monte Carlo simulation flow for statistical analysis and optimization of the proposed tunable analog circuits. We apply the proposed post-silicon tuning methodology to several commonly-used analog circuit blocks. We demonstrate that with the post-silicon tuning, device mismatch exponentially decreases as area increases: sigma-exp(-alpha-Area).
Documentation of the feasibility research on a destructible parachute

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a destructible parachute capable of deceleration, ignition, and disintegration during free flight. Because of the limited time available for the investigation, a standard nylon ribbon parachute was used with a unique pyrotechnic material to disintegrate the nylon. The most reactive pyrotechnic consisted of a mixture of fine particle metal powders, TNT, and an elastomer, such as Viton A. The materials used in the pyrotechnic mixture and the impregnating procedure are discussed. The pyrotechnic impregnated parachute fabric testing, parachute packaging, and flight delivery of experimental payloads at Tonopah Test Range established the feasibility that a sensor can be delivered without detection.
Effect of particle/grain size on the optical properties of Y2O3:Er,Yb

Abstract We synthesized nanophase Y 2 O 3 :Er,Yb and prepared ceramics with various grain sizes from the nanophase powder. The optical properties of Y 2 O 3 :Er,Yb ceramics with grain sizes of 100–150 nm and of about 5 μm were compared with the optical properties of the nanophase Y 2 O 3 :Er,Yb, that was used to fabricate the ceramics. The infrared fluorescence from Er 3+ and Yb 3+ between 1000 nm and 1700 nm was studied for excitation at 940 nm and 973 nm. Smaller particle/grain sizes seem to favor energy transfer from Yb 3+ to Er 3+ . This enhanced energy transfer is attributed to the presence of adsorbed OH − and CO 3 2− groups in the smaller particle/grain size samples. The OH − and CO 3 2− groups are assumed to depopulate the Er 3+ 4 I 11/2 state, thereby increasing the efficiency of the Yb 3+ 2 F 5/2 to Er 3+ 4 I 11/2 energy transfer.
Antiarrhythmic effects of indecainide in a drug-resistant population with ventricular tachycardia at programmed electrical stimulation.

Abstract The antiarrhythmic properties of indecainide were studied in 15 patients with a history of a cardiac arrest or ventricular tachycardia. Programmed electrical stimulation studies were performed in nine men and six women with a mean age of 68 ± 2 years and a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 41 ± 45. All patients had inducible ventricular tachycardia by programmed electrical stimulation while off all antiarrhythmic therapy. Patients were then tested on procainamide, 1000 mg, administered intravenously, and ventricular tachycardia could be provoked in 10 of 15 patients. Indecainide was given intravenously, 1 mg/kg. Indecalnide did not significantly change the baseline heart rate, blood pressure, and QT c interval from control values. The PR and QRS intervals were significantly prolonged. Twelve of 15 patients were still inducible for ventricular tachycardia on indecainide. Procainamide protected 5 of 15 patients against ventricular tachycardia induction. In patients still inducible on indecainide therapy, the ventricular tachycardia rate was significantly slowed, from 281 bpm to 224 bpm on indecainide and to 215 bpm on procainamide. The effects of this new class IC antiarrhythmic agent appears similar to procainamide in patients with sorious life-threatening tachyarrhythmias.
High‐dose combination chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in adults

One hundred thirty-nine consecutive unselected adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were treated with a high-dose chemotherapeutic remission-induction regimen consisting of daunomycin (70 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 2, 3), cytosine arabinoside (100 mg/m2 IV every 12 hours), 6-thioguanine (100 mg/m2 orally every 12 hours), prednisone (40 mg/m2 daily), all given on days 1 through 7, and vincristine (1 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 7). Supportive care consisted of broad spectrum antibiotics for fever in the presence of granulocytopenia and prophylactic platelet transfusions. The complete remission (CR) rate was 60%. The median number of days to CR was 30. Fifty-eight of 77 (75%) patients under age 50 and 26 of 62 (42%) patients over age 50 attained CR. Despite the use of a relatively large dose of daunomycin and monthly maintenance chemotherapy, the median remission duration was only 39 weeks and the medial survival 64 weeks. Most patients who failed to achieve CR died early-77% of deaths occurred within the first six weeks. Infections accounted for the increase mortality in patients over age 50. Thirty-seven percent of patients over age 50 died of infections whereas only 10% under age 50 did so (P less than 0.001). Seven percent of the patients died of fungal infection during attempted remission induction. The incidence of resistance of the leukemia to the remission-induction regimen was low (8%).
Equal channel angular pressing followed by combustion synthesis of titanium aluminides

Titanium aluminides are one of the most promising intermetallics today. They have previously been processed using a variety of routes to generate different and unique microstructures. Recently, TiAl have been processed using severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). However the temperature and energy requirements for this approach are high. Alternative lower energy approaches are therefore needed. The work presented in this paper investigates a new low energy approach consisting of ECAP of elemental titanium and aluminum powders (up to three passes) followed by combustion synthesis. The effect of number of passes during ECAP on the reaction characteristics, product homogeneity and microstructure are presented.
The Impact-Theory Interpretation of the Distribution of Maria on the Lunar Surface

The satellite impact interpretation of the surface distribution of lunar maria is presented according to Barricelli and Metcalfe (1969). It is emphasized that the formation of molten rock (lava) which, according to the Apollo 11 findings, seems to have been the origin of the material of which maria are composed, can be the result of heat developed by the impacts which created the respective maria (Gilbert 1893) and does not necessarily imply a volcanic or internal origin of this material.
Computationally Supported Collection-level Descriptions in Large Heterogeneous Metadata Aggregations

The Computational Collection Description project is developing mechanisms for generating field-specific collection-level descriptors from item values. Using the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) as a sample data set, we describe a flexible, extensible architecture for processing field-level values, an augmented Collection class to record the generated metadata, and our early results of enhancements for a DPLA collection.
Introducing Executive MBA Programmes with Management Games

The EMBA is the fastest growing segment of the executive education market. The heavy demands of course schedules on top of otherwise heavy work schedules produce considerable stress. Consequently programmes require a heavy motivation and commitment. Team building for peer support and course levelling early in the programme are critical to success. A management game was found to be very successful in the introductory week of an EMBA programme both at developing peer support and at providing an integrative introduction to the two years of work.
Ion-luminescence properties of GaN films being developed for IPEM

Abstract Radiation effects microscopy (REM) for the next generation integrated circuits (ICs) will require GeV ions both to provide high ionization and to penetrate the thick overlayers in present day ICs. These ion beams can be provided by only a few cyclotrons in the world. Since it is extremely hard to focus these higher-energy ions, we have proposed the ion photon emission microscope (IPEM) that allows the determination of the ion hits by focusing the emitted photons to a position sensitive detector. The IPEM needs a thin luminescent foil that has high brightness, good spatial resolution and does not change the incident ion’s energy and direction significantly. Available organic-phosphor foils require a large thickness to produce enough photons, which results in poor spatial resolution. To solve this problem, we have developed thin, lightly doped n-type GaN films that are extremely bright. We have grown high quality GaN films on sapphire using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), detached the films from the substrate using laser ablation, and made them self-supporting. The smallest foils have 1 mm2 area and 1 μm thickness. The optical properties, such as light yield, spectrum and decay times were measured and compared to those of conventional phosphors, by using both alpha particles from a radioactive source and 250 keV ions from an implanter. We found that the GaN performance strongly depends on composition and doping levels. The conclusion is that 1–2 μm GaN film of a 1 mm2 area may become an ideal ion position detector.
DNA A-tracts are not curved in solutions containing high concentrations of monovalent cations.

The intrinsic curvature of seven 98 bp DNA molecules containing up to four centrally located A6-tracts has been measured by gel and capillary electrophoresis as a function of the number and arrangement of the A-tracts. At low cation concentrations, the electrophoretic mobility observed in polyacrylamide gels and in free solution decreases progressively with the increasing number of phased A-tracts, as expected for DNA molecules with increasingly curved backbone structures. Anomalously slow electrophoretic mobilities are also observed for DNA molecules containing two pairs of phased A-tracts that are out of phase with each other, suggesting that out-of-phase distortions of the helix backbone do not cancel each other out. The mobility decreases observed for the A-tract samples are due to curvature, not cation binding in the A-tract minor groove, because identical free solution mobilities are observed for a molecule with four out-of-phase A-tracts and one with no A-tracts. Surprisingly, the curvature of DNA ...
Gill ATPase activities in the smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui).

Abstract 1. 1. MgATPase activity in bass gill microsomes was relatively stable to preincubation at 37°C but activity decreased after preincubation at 45°C. 2. 2. At an assay temperature of 13°C, Na-ATPase activity could not be demonstrated after 37°C preincubation but was evident after preincubation at 45°C. 3. 3. At an assay temperature of 37°C, addition of Na + resulted in a decrease in ATPase activity. 4. 4. Ouabain-sensitive NaK-ATPase activity could be demonstrated at both assay temperatures.
Corticosteroid induced simultaneous changes in leukocyte phospholipids and superoxide anion production.

Abstract The effect of dexamethasone upon the phospholipid content and Superoxide anion production of human leukocytes has been investigated. Three mg dexamethasone was given by mouth to normal adult subjects and leukocytes isolated at 4, 8, 24, and 28 h following administration of the steroid. There was significant reduction in Superoxide anion production by leukocytes obtained 8 h and 24 h following administration of the steroid. There were also significant changes in the phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylethanolamine content of the isolated leukocytes at 4 and 8 h following administration of the hormone. Exposure of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes to 8 × 10−7 M dexamethasone for 2 h also produced a significant decrease in phosphatidylcholine. An apparent increase in spingomyelin after both 2 and 4 h incubation was not statistically significant. These studies demonstrate an effect of corticosteroids to alter the phospholipid composition of leukocytes at the same time that Superoxide anion production by these cells is decreased. This finding is consistent with the concept that corticosteroid induced changes in phospholipid membranes may mediate some of the action of the hormone.
Examining an Alternative Take on Urban Development: The Alignment of Public Art and Conservation to Build Seattle’s Olympic Sculpture Park

Civic boosters advocate physical arts development as a path for urban revitalization. Current research examines these specialized bricks and mortar efforts through snapshot outcome evaluations, broad policy analyses, and critiques of predatory activity. Project development is overlooked as is whether such efforts mirror general urban development patterns and behavior. This case study explores a successful dual-nonprofit partnership between the Seattle Art Museum and the Trust for Public Land to build the Olympic Sculpture Park. This recent history explains institutional motivations and political strategies and identifies organizational assets employed to overcome intense market pressures and past failures. It adds richness to conventional development wisdom and its intense focus on public–private partnerships as the prevalent model for urban development. This alignment between a local arts institution and a national conservation organization may unveil an alternative model or shed light on a less visible ...
Pulmonary toxicity of bischloronitrosourea: Report of a case with transient response to corticosteroid therapy

A case of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis secondary to bischloronitrosourea (BCNU) in a 49-year-old man with carcinoma of the pancreas is reported. The diagnosis was suggested by deteriorating oxygenation, restrictive changes on pulmonary function studies, and increased interstitial markings radiographically in the lower lung fields. Transbronchial biopsy excluded infectious etiologies and confirmed a bland nonspecific interstitial pulmonary fibrosis of recent origin. The patient responded dramatically to high dose corticosteroids, but relapsed when the corticosteroids were decreased. We believe there is now convincing evidence that prolonged use of BCNU can cause potentially fatal interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Patients should be followed with serial chest radiographs and pulmonary function studies. If diagnosed early, this process may respond to high dose corticosteroid therapy.
A Method for the Electrocardiographic Recognition of Atrial Enlargement

New criteria for the electrocardiographic recognition of right atrial enlargement, left atrial enlargement, and combined atrial enlargement were studied in 110 patients with congenital and acquired heart disease. Precise physiologic data were available in all cases. The method of analysis was designed for application to conventional scalar electrocardiography and hence can be used without modification for routine clinical purposes.
Survey of Geoscience Departments Finds Shared Goals and Challenges

Results of an online survey of a broad variety of geoscience departments at Canadian and U.S. colleges and universities have indicated a striking degree of common perspective across institution types. In the survey, which was sent to 900 institutions and completed by 364 respondents (for a response rate of nearly 40%), respondents noted that three of the most important measures of a successful department were effective curricula; recruitment of students, staff, and faculty; and building partnerships within and outside of their institutions.
Characterization of sources of resistance to the watermelon strain of Papaya ringspot virus in cucumber: allelism and co-segregation with other potyvirus resistances

At least three sources of resistance to the watermelon strain of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) have been identified in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) including: ’TMG-1’, an inbred line derived from the Taiwanese cultivar, ’Taichung Mou Gua’; ’Dina-1’, an inbred line derived from the Dutch hybrid ’Dina’; and the South American cultivar ’Surinam’. In this investigation we sought to determine the inheritance of resistance to PRSV-W in ’Dina-1’, the allelic relationships among the three sources of PRSV-W resistance, and the relationship between PRSV-W resistance and known resistances to other cucurbit potyviruses. Like ’Surinam’ and ’TMG-1’, resistance in ’Dina-1’ is controlled by a single gene. Despite differences in dominance vs recessive performance and patterns of virus accumulation, all three sources of resistance complemented each other. ’TMG-1’ and ’Dina-1’ also possess co-segregating, single-gene resistances to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus and Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus. Sequential inoculations and F3 family analysis indicated that resistance to PRSV-W completely co- segregated with resistance to ZYMV in ’TMG-1’. Although PRSV-W resistances are at the same locus in both ’TMG-1’ and ’Surinam’, ’Surinam’ is only resistant to PRSV-W, and progeny of ’TMG-1’×’Surinam’ were resistant to PRSV-W but susceptible to ZYMV. Susceptibility to ZYMV and resistance to PRSV-W in ’Surinam’ was not influenced by co-inoculation or sequential in- oculations of the two viruses. Collectively, the co- segregation of resistances to PRSV-W, ZYMV, WMV and MWMV in ’TMG-1’ (within 1 cM), allelism of PRSV-W resistances in ’TMG-1’ and ’Surinam’, and resistance to only PRSV-W in ’Surinam’, suggest that multiple potyvirus resistance in cucumber may be due to different alleles of a single potyvirus resistance gene with differing viral specificities, or that the multiple resistances are conferred by a tightly linked cluster of resistance genes, of which ’Surinam’ only possesses one member.
The Evolution of an Antepartum Testing Program

The development and organization of an antepartum testing program are discussed. Suggestions for scheduling, documentation, and storage of records are included. Patient needs are also evaluated and recommendations are made based on these needs.
Transition programs in cystic fibrosis centers: Perceptions of team members

We previously surveyed cystic fibrosis (CF) center directors and adult patients with CF to assess their perceptions regarding transition from a pediatric to an adult setting. An important finding in those studies was a lack of standard programs for transfer of young adults with CF from pediatric to adult care settings. Patients with CF typically receive care from clinics utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, suggesting that every member of the CF team can impact the transition process. Our purpose in this study was to gain an appreciation for various team members' perspectives on transition. An Internet survey was offered to all CF centers across the country to be completed by team members, excluding physicians. We received 291 completed surveys, nearly half completed by nurses, but our respondents included social workers, nutritionists, respiratory therapists, and a few team members with other training. Nearly half of the respondents work for both pediatric and adult teams. The majority of respondents (71.8%) reported that their adult patients receive care from an internist in a separate adult program, but nearly 20% reported that a pediatrician follows their adult patients. A minority thought that age (37.4% of respondents), marriage (16.2%), and pregnancy (27.1%) were criteria for transfer, though most (86.2%) suggested that patients should be transferred by age 21 years. Criteria precluding transfer included patient/family resistance (45%), disease severity (34%), and developmental delay (31.3%). It was uncommon (11.4%) for an introduction to the concept of transition at the time of diagnosis. Over one-half of patients did not meet the adult team until time of transfer. Team members' perceptions of patients' concerns were similar to what we had previously measured in physicians, again far greater than what we have measured in patients themselves. In many ways, what we have measured here in team members reflects what we have reported by physicians, demonstrating slow development of standard transition programs and an overestimate of patients' concerns regarding transition. These differences may impede the successful transition of patients into an adult program. It is clear from this study that team members have an interest in and opinions on transition, and are likely play a vital role in the transition process. Standard programs of transition should be developed, and team members should be engaged in that process.
The preparation of substrates for film deposition using glow discharge techniques

Substrates for film deposition can be cleaned and/or modified in a variety of ways by various sputtering techniques, but this can be done controllably only by careful attention to all of the possible effects that can occur. In this review the known effects are summarised. Some of the system configurations that can be used are described. The physical and chemical sputtering effects are emphasised. These include rates of material removal and recontamination, backscattering, redeposition, trenching, faceting, cone formation, formation of altered surface layers, dissociation of compounds, diffusion, sublimation, ion implantation, crystallographic damage and radiation damage.
Effect of a GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth on PEM fuel cell performance

A commercially available GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth as a macroporous substrate was characterized by various physical and electrochemical measurements: mercury porosimetry, surface morphology analysis, contact angle measurement, water permeation measurement, polarization techniques, and ac-impedance spectroscopy. SGL 10BB based on carbon paper demonstrated dual pore size distribution and high water flow resistance owing to less permeable macroporous substrate, and more hydrophobic and compact microporous layer, as compared to ELAT-LT-1400 W based on carbon cloth. The membrane-electrode-assembly fabricated using SGL 10BB showed an improved fuel cell performance when air was used as an oxidant. The ac-impedance response indicated that a microporous layer which has high volume of micropores and more hydrophobic property allows oxygen to readily diffuse towards the catalyst layer due to effective water removal from the catalyst layer to the gas flow channel.
Using Simulation to Understand the Impact of Deferred Maintenance

Understanding the impact of deferred maintenance on a highway system can help policy makers and transportation planners in the decision process on how to best utilize limited resources to provide for an area's total infrastructure needs. This paper presents the development of a framework and methodology to use dynamic simulation to understand and quantify the impact of deferred maintenance and the effect on user and non-user benefits. This simulation will allow the testing of policies or assumptions for their impact over time, in order to gain insight into the problem solution. A hypothetical region is used to demonstrate the use of the framework, and three possible measures of effectiveness, total net benefits per capita, revenues less expenditures, and benefit-cost ratio, are introduced that could be utilized to help decision-makers understand the impact of various maintenance funding rates on different interest groups being served within the community. The model can be calibrated to a region to provide specific impact information for that location.
Two fetal deaths associated with maternal sepsis and with thrombosis of the intervillous space of the placenta.

The placental pathology in two second trimester fetal losses associated with mild maternal disseminated intravascular coagulation are reported. Case one had a dental abscess, a leukocytosis of 36 300 white blood cells/m, and evidence of mild consumptive coagulopathy at 20 weeks. Case two had septic findings including disseminated intravascular thrombosis associated with pyelonephritis. The placentae had extensive intervillous thrombosis at the periphery of spiral arterial flow. It is hypothesized that in mild disseminated intravascular coagulation, the trophoblast inhibits fibrinolysis, favouring thrombosis perhaps due to production of plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Relationship of solute permeability to erythrocyte glycolysis

Abstract Erythrocyte suspensions demonstrate remarkable changes in glycolytic rate in response to the permeability characteristics of the solutes present. Erythrocytes when placed in electrolyte or nonelectrolyte media of limited permeability produce lactate at accelerated rates, attributable to a stimulation of ATP degradation. The mechanism(s) of increased turnover of ATP and the purpose to which the excess energy is directed remain to be clarified.
Software for Inference of Dynamic Ground Strains and Rotations and Their Errors from Short Baseline Array Observations of Ground Motions

Abstract In two previous articles we presented a formulation for inferring the strains and rotations of the ground beneath a seismic array having a finite footprint. In this article we derive expressions for the error covariance matrices of the inferred strains and rotations, and we present software for the calculation of ground strains, rotations, and their variances from short baseline array ground-motion data.
Formulation of Dacarbazine-loaded Cubosomes—Part II: Influence of Process Parameters

The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined influence of process parameters (independent variables) such as homogenization speed (X(1)), duration (X(2)), and temperature (X(3)) during the preparation of dacarbazine-loaded cubosomes. Box-Behnken design was used to rationalize the influence of these three factors on two responses, namely particle size (Y(1)) and encapsulation efficiency (Y(2)). Independent and dependent variables were analyzed with multiple regressions to establish a full-model second-order polynomial equation. F value was calculated to confirm the omission of insignificant parameters or interactions of parameters from the analysis to derive a reduced-model polynomial equation to predict the Y(1) and Y(2) of dacarbazine-loaded cubosomes. Pareto charts were also obtained to show the effects of X(1), X(2), and X(3) on Y(1) and Y(2). For Y(1), there was a model validated for more accurate prediction of response parameter by performing checkpoint analysis. The optimization process and Pareto charts were obtained automatically and they predicted the levels of independent parameters X(1), X(2), and X(3) (0.889794, 0.11886, and 0.56201, respectively) and minimized Y(1). The optimal process parameters (homogenization's speed = approximately 24,000 rpm, duration = 5.5 min, and temperature = 76 degrees C) led to the production of cubosomes with 85.6 nm in size and 16.7% in encapsulation efficiency. The Box-Behnken design proved to be a useful tool in the preparation and optimization of dacarbazine-loaded cubosomes. For encapsulation efficiency (Y(2)), further studies are needed to enhance the result and improve the model for such water-soluble drug encapsulation in cubosomes.
Multizone Airflow Modeling in Buildings: History and Theory

Multizone airflow modeling has provided the means to predict building air-change rates and airflow patterns in buildings and their HVAC systems. Given reliable input data and application to circumstances consistent with the assumptions behind the models, these modeling tools are capable of providing valuable insights into a number of important building performance characteristics, including ventilation efficiency, energy consumption, indoor-air pollutant transport, and smoke control. Computer hardware and software developments over the past two decades have led to simulation techniques that may be applied to integrated buildings and HVAC systems of arbitrary scale and complexity to investigate both steady and dynamic transport phenomena in a fast and efficient manner. However, multizone modeling is only appropriate for investigating spatially averaged airflow rates; when transport details within rooms are needed, other simulation tools, such as computational fluid dynamics, are required. This paper review...
GMCSF in the absence of other cytokines sustains human dendritic cell precursors with T cell regulatory activity and capacity to differentiate into functional dendritic cells

Dendritic cell precursors, from human peripheral blood, express epitopes reactive with monoclonal antibodies specific for the empty conformation of HLA-DR1. Expression is substantially up-regulated during GMCSF-induced differentiation to immature dendritic cells, but is strongly down-regulated by IL-4. In the conventional protocol for in vitro generation of human dendritic cells from monocyte precursors, both GMCSF and IL-4 are used together, with IL-4 thought to have an effect on preventing macrophage outgrowth but not substantially altering the dendritic cell maturation pathway, whereas conventional protocols for generation of murine dendritic cells use GMCSF alone. We characterized human monocytes cultured in the presence of GMCSF and in the absence of IL-4, and found that the resultant cultures are stable for long periods in vitro, and have T cell stimulatory and immunodulatory activity characteristic of immature dendritic cells. Their response to maturation stimuli is weak in the absence of IL-4 but these cells retain the ability to differentiate into fully functional mature dendritic cells upon IL-4 treatment. We suggest that these cells may provide a useful model to investigate tolerogenic function as a developmental feature of DC and to understand molecular events involved in IL-4 priming for maturation.
Performance comparison of thermionic converters with smooth and macro-grooved electrodes

Abstract The performance of thermionic converters with planar, macro-grooved, molybdenum electrodes was investigated experimentally as a function of the cesium pressure, PCs, in two configurations: (a) grooved emitter (or cathode) and smooth collector (or anode) and (b) smooth emitter and grooved collector. The results were compared with those of smooth electrodes converter tested in the same conditions. The emitter and collector temperatures were 1573 and 1073 K, respectively, while PCs was varied from 10 to 240 Pa. The concentric macro-grooves were 0.5 mm deep and 0.5 mm wide and 1.0 mm apart. The geometrical surface area of the grooved electrode was ∼40% larger than the smooth electrode (2 cm2). The inter-electrode gap for all three converters was 1.5 mm. The electric power output of the grooved emitter converter was higher than that of the smooth electrodes converter at all values of cesium pressure. It was more than a factor of two higher at PCs of 57 Pa, decreasing to only 5% at 240 Pa. The peak electric power for the grooved emitter converter (0.8 W) occurred at PCs=120 Pa, while that of the smooth electrodes converter (0.65 W) occurred at a higher PCs=150 Pa. The electric power output of the grooved collector converter was consistently 40% higher than that of the smooth electrodes converter, which is the same increase as in the surface area of the grooved collector.