cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Population genetics of the freshwater mussel, Amblema plicata (Say 1817) (Bivalvia: Unionidae): Evidence of high dispersal and post-glacial colonization

Over 70% of North American freshwater mussel species (families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae) are listed as threatened or endangered. Knowledge of the genetic structure of target species is essential for the development of effective conservation plans. Because Ambelma plicata is a common species, its population genetic structure is likely to be relatively intact, making it a logical model species for investigations of freshwater mussel population genetics. Using mtDNA and allozymes, we determined the genotypes of 170+ individuals in each of three distinct drainages: Lake Erie, Ohio River, and the Lower Mississippi River. Overall, within-population variation increased significantly from north to south, with unique haplotypes and allele frequencies in the Kiamichi River (Lower Mississippi River drainage). Genetic diversity was relatively low in the Strawberry River (Lower Mississippi River drainage), and in the Lake Erie drainage. We calculated significant among-population structure using both molecular markers (A.p. Φst = 0.15, θst = 0.12). Using a hierarchical approach, we found low genetic structure among rivers and drainages separated by large geographic distances, indicating high effective population size and/or highly vagile fish hosts for this species. Genetic structure in the Lake Erie drainage was similar to that in the Ohio River, and indicates that northern populations were founded from at least two glacial refugia following the Pleistocene. Conservation of genetic diversity in Amblema plicata and other mussel species with similar genetic structure should focus on protection of a number of individual populations, especially those in southern rivers.
A Comparison of Burden of Disease from Toxic Waste Sites with other Recognized Public Health Threats in India, Indonesia and the Philippines

Background. Although toxic waste sites have been well investigated in many developed countries, their prevalence and health impact have not been well documented in low and middle income countries where risks attributable to environmental pollution are generally higher than in developed nations. Methods. We compared the burden of disease from toxic waste sites expressed in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) with the same measurement for other threats in India, Indonesia and the Philippines. We used Blacksmith Institute for a Pure Earth's DALY estimates for chemical exposure at 373 toxic waste sites in the 3 countries and World Health Organization (WHO) DALY estimates for different health conditions in the same countries. Results. Chromium VI causes the majority of DALYs among chemicals in India, while lead does so in the Philippines and Indonesia. In India, exposure to chromium VI showed higher DALY estimates than health conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and various cancers. In...
The S Matrix in Quantum Electrodynamics

The covariant quantum electrodynamics of Tomonaga, Schwinger, and Feynman is used as the basis for a general treatment of scattering problems involving electrons, positrons, and photons. Scattering processes, including the creation and annihilation of particles, are completely described by the $S$ matrix of Heisenberg. It is shown that the elements of this matrix can be calculated, by a consistent use of perturbation theory, to any desired order in the fine-structure constant. Detailed rules are given for carrying out such calculations, and it is shown that divergences arising from higher order radiative corrections can be removed from the $S$ matrix by a consistent use of the ideas of mass and charge renormalization.Not considered in this paper are the problems of extending the treatment to include bound-state phenomena, and of proving the convergence of the theory as the order of perturbation itself tends to infinity.
Compositional prior information in computed infrared spectroscopic imaging

Compositional prior information is used to bridge a gap in the theory between optical coherence tomography (OCT), which provides high-resolution structural images by neglecting spectral variation, and imaging spectroscopy, which provides only spectral information without significant regard to structure. A constraint is proposed in which it is assumed that a sample is composed of N distinct materials with known spectra, allowing the structural and spectral composition of the sample to be determined with a number of measurements on the order of N. We present a forward model for a sample with heterogeneities along the optical axis and show through simulation that the N-species constraint allows unambiguous inversion of Fourier transform interferometric data within the spatial frequency passband of the optical system. We then explore the stability and limitations of this model and extend it to a general 3D heterogeneous sample.
A Cryostat for Izod Impact Testing

The history of cryogenic impact testing is well summarized by Kiefer et al. [1], A review of this history indicates that one of the major problems involved in testing at temperatures below that of liquid nitrogen is the difficulty of transferring the specimen from the cryogen to the grips and. fracturing it quickly enough to avoid any appreciable temperature rise in the specimen before its energy absorption is measured. It is also desirable to maintain a safe working area, particularly when liquid hydrogen is the cryogen, and it is convenient if the testing machine is completely accessible. All of these criteria have been satisfied by the impact cryostat to be described here.
Further studies on effects of a small intestinal microsomal fraction upon transplantable tumors.

Summary1. By ultracentrifligation at 90,000 × g, a particulate fraction inhibitory to growth of transplantable lymphosarcoma, Ehrlich ascites tumor and Yoshida sarcoma has been obtained from small intestines of mice and rats. 2. Inhibitory properties of the fraction have been demonstrated by pre-inoculation exposure of tumor cell suspensions to the inhibitory material. 3. The intestinal fraction markedly suppresses oxygen consumption of tumor slices, slightly reduces the respiration of normal lymphoid tissues, and has no effect on respiration of other normal tissues tested; an initial respiratory stimulation was observed with ascites tumor, followed by marked depression. 4. The active component of the intestinal fraction appears to be an ethanol and petroleum ether-soluble lipid.
An Accident Analysis on 12 kV Outdoor Post-mounted Vacuum Circuit Breakers

12 kV outdoor post-mounted vacuum circuit breakers,as a distributed protection equipment,have been widely used in 10 kV outdoor power distribution systems for rural and urban power grid.This paper introduces an tripping operation and failing to close occurred in the 12 kV outdoor post-mounted vacuum circuit breaker in a Power Supply Bureau,analyzes the failure cause,based on which points out that the clamping stagnation occurs in manual break-brake operation and the setting value of over-current trip relay is unreasonable.Finally,the paper proposes several corresponding suggestions.
Parturition-induced changes in maternal plasma cortisol levels

Total maternal plasma cortisol levels were measured by a radioassay method in 9 patients who were in spontaneous labor and 10 patients who were electively induced at term with oxytocin. Determinations were made at onset of labor and repeated at full cervical dilatation. Total maternal plasma cortisol levels were also measured in 7 patients undergoing elective cesarean section without labor, determinations being made just prior to the procedure and at the time of uterine incision. Computerized analysis showed the mean initial cortisol level (+/- SE) in the spontaneous labor group (15.4 +/- 1.6 mug/100 ml) to be significantly less than the mean initial level of the group electively delivered by oxytocin induction (37.2 +/- 6 mug/100 ml), with P less than 0.01. The former value was also found to be significantly less than that of the group electively delivered by cesarean section (32.1 +/- 9.3 mug/100 ml), with P less than 0.05. A significant rise was noted at full cervical dilatation in the spontaneous labor group (P less than 0.05), whereas no change occurred in the two elective groups. No significant correlation was found between the maternal cortisol levels on the one hand and the cord cortisol levels. These findings indicate that a) maternal participation is unlikely in bringing about a surge of fetal plasma cortisol which is thought to precede spontaneous labor, b) elective termination of term pregnancy by oxytocin induction or cesarean section may be initially more stress-provoking to the mother than spontaneous labor, and c) maternal stress as measured by plasma cortisol level is not reflected in the fetus.
Using Simple Annotations

This chapter describes some applications of simple annotations in the programming process. It deals with general questions concerning their use, e. g., what can they be used for, which kind of annotation to choose, how to reduce the number of annotations, when to write annotations, and so on. The examples given here are intended to be suggestive, and are not exhaustive or complete in any sense.
Enhancing interest in science: exemplars as cues to communal affordances of science

A deterrent to recruiting students into STEM pathways is the stereotype that STEM fields do not afford communal goals to work with or help others. We investigate the challenges to cueing communal opportunities in science via brief exposure to scientist exemplars. Both male and female scientists depicted as engaged in communal work increased beliefs that science afforded communal goals and positivity toward science careers (Study 1). Without the direct performance of communal activities, communal affordances were cued only when a female scientist was prototypic of her gender category and respondents were highly communally oriented (Study 2). To change stereotypes that science does not involve communal goals, both female and male scientists can highlight communal aspects of their work.
Evaluation of Comprehensive Medication Review Completion Rates Using 3 Patient Outreach Models.

BACKGROUND: Medication therapy management (MTM) programs were first introduced as a result of the 2003 Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act. Since then, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) have established minimum requirements for health plans to follow in establishing patient eligibility for enrollment in these programs. The eligibility criteria are based on projected annual Part D medication costs, number of chronic disease states, and number of chronic Part D covered medications. Patients meeting these criteria are automatically enrolled in an MTM program so must ask to be disenrolled from the program if they wish to not participate (opt-out). CMS rates the quality of health plans using the Five-Star Quality Rating System. Star ratings for various metrics are given to health plans based on a scale of 1 to 5 stars, with 5 stars being the highest quality rating that health plans can achieve. The “Medication Therapy Management Program Completion Rate for Comprehensiv...
Resistance Art in Los Angeles

From its humble origins as a sleepy Mexican village, Los Angeles has grown into a world metropolis and international center of commerce, industry, entertainment, and culture. The multifaceted accomplishments of its vast multiracial and multiethnic populations vie with the city’s more negative reputation, often well deserved, for kitsch and superficiality. To millions of outsiders (and thousands of residents as well), Hollywood’s preference for appearances over substance has generated a widespread belief that Southern California is devoted, above all, to shallowness and frivolity.
Aging and the Digestive System

The decline in organ function that accompanies normal aging, especially at the extremities of age, includes digestive functions selectively. In this chapter we address the functions of the various organs of the human digestive tract and those studies in man that examine the effects of aging. Insofar as possible, we examine the changes associated with normal aging as distinguished from those changes that result from diseases of the digestive tract. This chapter updates a consideration of this topic, which has been subject of previous reviews in the recent past (Bowman and Rosenberg, 1983; Thompson and Keelan, 1986; Russell, 1987).
Paying Smokers to Quit: Does It Work? Should We Do It?

An addictive, legal product, tobacco is challenging to quit. Although cessation medications and behavioral therapies improve success rates, recent research in behavioral economics suggests an interesting, simple approach: pay smokers to quit. This idea has been tested in a few studies. Volpp et al
Between a rock and a hard place: Consequences of media clientelism for journalist–politician power relationships in the Western Balkans:

This comparative study examines the power relationship between journalists and political elites in South-Eastern Europe, emphasizing the clientelistic ties under which these interactions take place...
Evaluating the Impact of Increasing General Education Teachers’ Ratio of Positive-to-Negative Interactions on Students’ Classroom Behavior:

The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the impact of increasing teachers’ ratios of positive-to-negative interactions with their students. Training teachers on the 5:1 ratio was evaluated using a randomized-block pre–post control design with general education classroom teachers (N = 6) that were characterized by a higher ratio of negative-to-positive interactions between students, as well as low academic engagement and high disruptive behaviors. Teachers in the intervention group were trained on the 5:1 ratio, instructed to wear a device that prompted them on a VI 5-min schedule to deliver specific praise, approval statements, and positive non-verbal gestures to specific students exhibiting expected behaviors or the entire class as a whole, and completing a self-monitoring chart to increase their awareness of their ratios. Results revealed that students in the intervention group displayed significantly fewer disruptive behavior problems and higher academic engaged time when compared with studen...
Magnetic susceptibility of oxygen deficient YBa2Cu3O7–δ

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility, of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ was measured in the normal state as a function of δ. The Curie and superconducting fluctuation terms are shown to be strongly dependent on δ. The δ dependence of C raises questions about the use of this term as a measure of the concentration of paramagnetic moments. The susceptibility also depends on the thermal history of the sample.
A Critical Review of the Postmodern Implosion of Fine Art and Popular Visual Culture in Art Classrooms

The chapter critically examines activities conducted in art classrooms in K-12 schools and teacher preparation courses on the introduction of popular visual culture. It is framed in terms of a continuum between the use of a critical pedagogy with a stress on critique and a purely playful pedagogy with its stress on pleasure, including the pleasure of transgression. The author argues that it is necessary to achieve a balance between the pleasures that are an inherent characteristic of popular culture and the normative expectations of formal, institutionalized education for rational discourse and critique. The author argues for a playful pedagogy that engages in a dialog that allows for a range of views and where teachers position themselves as learners as much as teachers.
Flexible Endoscopic Zenker’s Diverticulotomy

Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) often presents with symptoms of dysphagia, regurgitation, choking, and coughing. Open approaches to repairing the diverticulum have been plagued by high morbidity, leaving surgeons to search for other alternatives. Rigid endoscopic approaches are typically safe and produce good results, although they require the use of a diverticuloscope and the need for the patient to extend their neck. Using lessons learned from per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), flexible endoscopic approaches have begun to be described. Although highly operator dependent, the flexible approach may have the highest success rate and the lowest morbidity rate.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of a pigmented Fuchs' adenoma (age-related hyperplasia of the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium) masquerading as a ciliary body melanoma.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of age-related hypertrophy of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (ARH-NPCE) clinically resembling a ciliary body melanoma and report the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings associated with this lesion. Observations A 51-year-old male was referred for evaluation of a deeply pigmented ciliary body mass with extension through the iris root. Iridocyclectomy was performed due to concern for ciliary body melanoma. Histopathologic analysis was instead consistent with ARH-NPCE, also known as Fuchs' adenoma. Prior to surgery, OCTA images revealed abnormal vasculature in the area of the lesion. Vessels in the peripheral iris approaching the lesion appeared more tortuous and were non-radial as compared with normal iris vessels. The ciliary body mass itself could not be penetrated using an OCTA system operating at 1050 nm. Conclusions and importance ARH-NPCE may clinically resemble a pigmented ciliary body melanoma. This is the second case describing this clinical scenario, which may be more common than previously thought. Non-invasive imaging with OCTA revealed an abnormal peripheral iris vasculature pattern in the area of the iridociliary mass characterized by disorganized, tortuous, and non-radial vessels. Despite advances in longer wavelength OCTA systems, poor penetration of the ciliary body lesion precluded imaging of the intratumoral vessels in this location.
Multiple enface image averaging for enhanced optical coherence tomography angiography imaging.

Purpose To investigate the effect of multiple enface image averaging on image quality of the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Twenty-one normal volunteers were enrolled in this study. For each subject, one eye was imaged with 3 × 3 mm scan protocol, and another eye was imaged with the 6 × 6 mm scan protocol centred on the fovea using the ZEISS Angioplex™ spectral-domain OCTA device. Eyes were repeatedly imaged to obtain nine OCTA cube scan sets, and nine superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were individually averaged after registration. Results Eighteen eyes with a 3 × 3 mm scan field and 14 eyes with a 6 × 6 mm scan field were studied. Averaged images showed more continuous vessels and less background noise in both the SCP and the DCP as the number of frames used for averaging increased, with both 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scan protocols. The intensity histogram of the vessels dramatically changed after averaging. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and subjectively assessed image quality scores also increased as the number of frames used for averaging increased in all image types. However, the additional benefit in quality diminished when averaging more than five frames. Averaging only three frames achieved significant improvement in CNR and the score assigned by certified grades. Conclusion Use of multiple image averaging in OCTA enface images was found to be both objectively and subjectively effective for enhancing image quality. These findings may of value for developing optimal OCTA imaging protocols for future studies.
Anesthetic Implications for Management of Thoracic Trauma

Injury to the thoracic organs may be from blunt force or penetrating missiles and can result in obvious or subtle injuries. The leading causes of death from thoracic trauma are hypoxia and hypoventilation. The primary survey is a quick targeted examination to identify and treat, or to rule out life threatening injuries: tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, open pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, flail chest, cardiac or aortic rupture.
NECKING PHENOMENA AND COLD DRAWING

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses necking phenomena and cold drawing. Many semicrystalline polymeric materials when subjected to uniaxial extension may at some point of the stretch history exhibit the phenomenon of necking. The occurrence of a neck is influenced by factors, such as the ambient temperature, the rate at which the specimen is deformed, and the specimen preparation history that determines the degree of crystallinity. For a given chemical specie, the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution also influence the occurrence of necking. In the viscoelastic case, neck formation is predicted for a material that is subjected to long time creep under a constant engineering stress, the stress level being above a certain minimum value. The various experimental results presented in the chapter strongly suggests that the instability leading to neck formation is associated with the nonlinearity of the mechanical behavior coupled with the time dependence.
High-Q Microresonators at Near-Infrared/Near Visible Wavelengths on a 3C-SiC-on-Insulator (SiCOI) Platform

We demonstrate a 3C-SiC-on-insulator (SiCOI) platform through wafer bonding process. We fabricated fully-integrated microresonators at near-infrared/near-visible wavelengths (∼770 nm) showing a Q of 5,000. Such high-Q resonators pave the way for realization of large-scale integrated spintronics/quantum devices based on carbon vacancies in SiC.
Librarian sabbaticals: Overcoming the hurdles and realizing the benefits

The idea of librarians taking a sabbatical might seem odd to some, but there are a number of important reasons why librarians, if eligible, should apply and take one. In the library literature, the reasons for sabbaticals include an antidote to stress and burnout, helping the organization move forward, and serving to provide equivalency to teaching faculty, but only a relatively small percentage of eligible librarians actually take their sabbaticals.
Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity.

Macrophages are critically involved in wound healing, from dampening inflammation to clearing cell debris and coordinating tissue repair. Within the wound, the complexity of macrophage function is increasingly recognized, with adverse outcomes when macrophages are inappropriately activated, such as in fibrosis or chronic non-healing wounds. Recent advances in in vivo and translational wound models, macrophage-specific deletions and new technologies to distinguish macrophage subsets, have uncovered the vast spectrum of macrophage activation and effector functions. Here, we summarize the main players in wound-healing macrophage activation and function, including cytokines, apoptotic cells, nucleotides and mechanical stimuli. We highlight recent studies demonstrating cooperation between these factors for optimal wound healing. Next, we describe recent technologies such as cell tracking and single-cell RNA-seq, which have uncovered remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity in blood-derived or tissue-resident macrophages and discuss the implications for wound healing. Lastly, we evaluate macrophage dysfunction in aberrant wound healing that occurs in aging, diabetes and fibrosis. A better understanding of the longevity and plasticity of wound-healing macrophages, and identification of unique macrophage subsets or specific effector molecules in wound healing, would shed light on the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage function for optimal wound healing.
The Interstate Carriage of Pollutants: The Legal Problem and Existing Solutions

That air pollution does not confine itself to the state in which it is produced is one of the principal justifications for federal regulation of this environmental hazard. 1/ Yet, to date, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not squarely faced the problem of the wind-blown transport of air pollutants from one state to another. This is especially true with regard to the carriage of sulfates and the formation of oxidants. While some might allege incompetence on the part of the federal agency, it appears that EPA has not dealt with the interstate problem because it knows “which way the wind is blowing,” for the control of the interstate carriage of pollutants causes difficult political and economic questions which could raise the ire of local politicians and industrialists already adamantly opposed to assuming the burden of controlling degradation of air quality.
Use of a vessel loop to ensure tunnel patency during LeFort colpocleisis

The objective was to describe a novel method for maintaining bilateral channel patency for potential uterine drainage during LeFort colpocleisis. This video presents a novel approach for ensuring bilateral channel patency during colpocleisis. An 88-year-old gravida 2 para 2 with stage 4 uterovaginal prolapse presented for definitive surgical management. She was no longer sexually active. After counseling on various treatment options, she elected to proceed with a LeFort colpocleisis. During the procedure, the vaginal epithelium is dissected off the underlying tissue with sharp dissection after infiltration with local anesthetic. After the epithelium is removed anteriorly and posteriorly, a blue vessel loop is placed across the cervix and within the lateral channels as they are created with a series of figure of eight stitches. Care is taken to suture around and not through the vessel loop. This is done on both sides. The anterior and posterior dissected surfaces of the vagina are then reapproximated to involute the vagina until the distal epithelial edges can be brought together. Once the vaginal epithelial edges are sewn, the vessel loop is easily pulled through, ensuring channel patency. The vessel loop technique demonstrated in this video allows the surgeon to ensure that the bilateral channels remain patent throughout the procedure.
Utilization of BioZorb implantable device in breast-conserving surgery.

BioZorb fiducial marker is an implantable device made of six clips to mark the surgical site of tissue removal in three dimensions. The marker facilitates focused radiation therapy, while allowing for tissue ingrowth during the healing process with resorption by the body overtime. Current literature investigating the use of the BioZorb is limited and focused on its value for radiation treatment. Our objective was to investigate the feasibility and surgical complications associated with the BioZorb in breast-conserving surgery. From April 2015 to June 2018, 89 patients who underwent 91 partial mastectomies with planned adjuvant radiation therapy and placement of the BioZorb. Demographics, type of BioZorb used, complication rate, and postoperative examinations were analyzed. A total of 89 patients who were a median age of 59 years (range 34-84) underwent 91 operations with BioZorb placement-86.8% underwent a partial mastectomy (n = 79), and 13.2% underwent a breast wide re-excision for margins at the time of BioZorb placement (n = 12). Of the 79 partial mastectomies, 21.5% (n = 17) were palpable tumors. Location of the tumor and subsequent BioZorb placement was most often in the upper outer quadrant (40.7%), followed by upper inner (27.5%), lower outer (20.9%), and lower inner quadrants (10.9%). 92.3% (n = 84) had a single BioZorb placed, 5.5% (n = 5) had two BioZorbs placed in a single lumpectomy cavity, and 2.2% (n = 2) had two BioZorbs placed in separate lumpectomy cavities of the same breast. Of the 10 different tissue marker sizes used, a 2 × 3 cm BioZorb was most commonly used (37/98, 37.8%), followed by 3 × 4 cm (25/98, 25.5%) and 1 × 3 × 2 (9/98, 9.2%). A total of five patients underwent immediate bilateral breast reduction following placement of the BioZorb. Of the 91 operations, 22 patients had a subsequent reoperation for positive margins after initial placement of the BioZorb, of which 86.4% retained the BioZorb. During these reoperations, only 1 patient had the BioZorb removed due to discomfort (4.5%) and two had it removed due to subsequent mastectomy (9.1%). At a median time of 1.1 years, the BioZorb continued to be palpable on clinical breast examination in 63.6% of patients. The longest time that the BioZorb continued to be palpable was 2.8 years. Additional imaging was ordered because a clinician palpated a mass, unaware it was the BioZorb 8.8% of the time (n = 8). Thirty-day complications include 3.3% of patients with an infection requiring antibiotics (n = 3) and 2.2% with an abscess requiring aspiration and antibiotics without removal of the BioZorb. One patient had migration of the BioZorb from the breast to the axilla which resulted in surgical explant at 9 months post-op. BioZorb is feasible to use in breast-conserving surgery with few short- and long-term complications, but will result in a palpable mass that may persist for more than 1 year. Explantation is rare.
Incorporating Health Outcomes into Land-Use Planning

The global trend toward increased agricultural production puts pressure on undeveloped areas, raising the question of how to optimally allocate land. Land-use change has recently been linked to a number of human health outcomes, but these are not routinely considered in land-use decision making. We review examples of planners' currently used strategies to evaluate land use and present a conceptual model of optimal land use that incorporates health outcomes. We then present a framework for evaluating the health outcomes of land-use scenarios that can be used by decision makers in an integrated approach to land-use planning.
The political unconscious of practice theory: Populism and democracy:

This article attempts a self-clarification of practice theory by providing a genetic history of ‘practice’ as a figure in social thought. This locates two different versions of practice theory in M...
Experimental Effects of Viewing Thin and Plus-Size Models in Objectifying and Empowering Contexts on Instagram.

To counter the negative effects of viewing unrealistically thin and attractive models in beauty and fashion advertisements, some companies depict women with larger bodies in their advertisement cam...
Dual Targeting of v-ATPase and mTORC1 Signaling Disarms Multidrug-Resistant Cancers.

Chemotherapeutic treatments are frequently impeded by the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Wang et al. (2020) identify the natural product verucopeptin as having therapeutic potential toward MDR cancer cell types by targeting v-ATPase and mTORC1 signaling.
On statistical classification with incomplete covariates via filtering

This article deals with the problem of classification when some of the covariates may have missing parts. Here, it is allowed for both the training sample as well as the new unclassified observatio...
Experiential Client Development: Digital Fabrication Opera Costume Project

In this paper, the topic of experiential learning in the design classroom is explored though a project scenario whereby undergraduate fashion design students from visual arts and design collaborate with opera singer trainees and student musicians to co-create a production of Mozart’s Don Giovanni for use in live stage performance. Through evaluation of the example in this research, I hope to illustrate how experiential learning and cultural critique in undergraduate programs may help in preparing design students for future innovative opportunities within professional practice in an evolving creative economy, as well as a springboard for entry level fashion designers to challenge traditional forms of garment design development through careful consideration of the overlaps between art, design, professional practice, collaboration, and the application of new technologies in the form of digital fabrication.
Interventions and repression following civil conflict

Civil conflicts inevitably have negative consequences with regards to respect for human rights within affected states. Unfortunately, the violation of human rights often does not end with the confl...
Principles of Hydrogeology

INTRODUCTION Origins of Hydrogeology Zones of Underground Water Uses of Groundwater Conjunctive Use of Water Resources Groundwater and the Rock Cycle Hydrologic Cycle Hydrologic Budgets Converting Units Hydrogeologic Information AQUIFERS Aquifer Materials Recharge and Discharge Springs Confined and Unconfined Aquifers Fluid Pressure Capillary Fringe Physical Properties of Aquifers MONITORING WELLS Describing Soil and Rock Samples Drilling Methods Well Construction Water Depth Measurements Monitoring Programs GROUNDWATER FLOW Hydraulic Gradient Groundwater Discharge and Velocity Permeameters and Standpipes Flow Regimes Flow Nets WELL HYDRAULICS AND AQUIFER TESTS Cones of Depression Steady Flow to Wells Transient Flow to Wells Pump Test Considerations Recovery Tests One-Well Pump Tests Specific Capacity Slug Tests GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT Solutes and Flow Systems Common Reactions in Water Sources of Groundwater Contamination Water Quality Standards Sampling Groundwater Specific Electrical Conductance and TDS Solute Transport MANAGING GROUNDWATER POLLUTION Source Control Natural Attenuation Chemical Oxidation/Reduction Bioremediation Phytoremediation In-Well Vapor Stripping Bioslurping Interceptor Trenches Flushing Pump and Treat Air Sparging Inclined Drilling and Horizontal Wells Risk-Based Corrective Action Answers to Selected Problems Symbols Glossary References Index
Performance Enhancement of Actively Controlled Hybrid DC Microgrid Incorporating Pulsed Load

In this paper, a new energy control scheme is proposed for actively controlled hybrid dc microgrid to reduce the adverse impact of pulsed power loads. The proposed energy control is an adaptive current–voltage control (ACVC) scheme based on the moving average measurement technique and an adaptive proportional compensator. Unlike conventional energy control methods, the proposed ACVC approach has the advantage of controlling both the voltage and current of the system while keeping the output current of the power converter at a relatively constant value. For this study, a laboratory-scale hybrid dc microgrid is developed to evaluate the performance of the ACVC strategy and to compare its performance with other conventional energy control methods. Using experimental test results, it is shown that the proposed strategy highly improves the dynamic performance of the hybrid dc microgrid. Although the ACVC technique causes slightly more bus voltage variation, it effectively eliminates the high current and power pulsation of the power converters. The experimental test results for different pulse duty ratios demonstrated a significant improvement achieved by the developed ACVC scheme in enhancing the system efficiency, reducing the ac grid voltage drop and the frequency fluctuations.
Organizational changes and value creation in leveraged buyouts

Abstract This study documents the organizational changes that took place at the O.M. Scott & Sons Company in response to its leveraged buyout. Our findings confirm that both the pressure of servicing a heavy debt load and management equity ownership lead to improved performance. Equally important at Scott, however, and undocumented in large-sample studies, are debt covenants restricting how the cash required for debt payments can be generated, the adoption of a strong incentive compensation plan, a reorganization and decentralization of decision making, and the relationship between managers, the leveraged buyout sponsors, and the board of directors.
Induction of syngeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a B cell tumor. III. MHC class I-restricted CTL recognizes the processed form(s) of idiotype.

The purpose of this work was to determine the molecular nature of the idiotypic Ig of a B cell tumor, 2C3, involved in the induction of anti-idiotypic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). We previously reported that hyperimmunization of mice with irradiated 2C3 cells provides effective tumor protection by inducing MHC class I-restricted CTL. Due to the enormous heterogeneity of the splenic CTL further study could not be undertaken on the idiotype (Id)-CTL interaction. Subsequently an anti-idiotypic CTL line, A102, and a highly Id-specific CTL clone, 102.F5, have been developed. In the present investigation we report that the processed forms of idiotypic determinants are responsible for induction and activation of these specific effector CTL. Inhibition studies using anti-TcR and anti-MHC class I mAbs showed that the TcR-CD3 complex of the anti-idiotypic CTL recognized 2C3 Id in the context of MHC class I antigens. The cytotoxicity of these CTL could not be inhibited with affinity-purified 2C3 Ig used as such or after pulsing with splenic antigen-presenting cells (APC). Furthermore, using brefeldin A (BFA) and chloroquine (CLQ), which are specific inhibitors of cytosolic and endosomal antigen processing pathways, respectively, it has also been observed that exposure of 2C3 to BFA but not CLQ prevents its cytolysis by both anti-idiotypic CTL line and clone. These results clearly indicate that endogenously produced idiotypic determinants of 2C3 Ig are processed in pre-Golgi vesicle, possibly in the ER, along with MHC class I antigens and then are transported to the membrane. Treatment of 2C3 with BFA, however, did not exert any effect on the expression of membrane-associated Ig of 2C3 cells. Therefore, it is the processed form rather than the bona fide receptor Ig on the cell surface that is recognized by the Id-specific CTL.
A Classical Type Theory with Transfinite Types

Abstract This paper defines a system of classical logic that includes transfinite types formed by means of the general Cartesian product operation. The consistency of the system is established by means of a semantical argument.
Cryptosystems Based on an Analog of Heat Flow

It is commonplace to base computer security and information security on hard problems. Recent cryptosystems have been based on the knapsack problem [DE83, pp. 118-126; BRS5] and the problem of factoring an integer [DE83, pp. 104-1091. The former problem is N P complete [GA79, p. 2471. The place of the latter problem in complexity theory is not well understood, but it has been around in number theory for a long time.
A Review of “Thiefing Sugar: Eroticism between Women in Caribbean Literature”

In Thiefing Sugar, Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley unearths a history of eroticism between women in the Caribbean. The evocative title Thiefing Sugar, borrowed from writer Dionne Brand, likens the theft ...
Mitochondrial oxidative capacity and function in human white, beige and brown adipose tissue (1160.6)

Our understanding of mitochondrial oxidative capacity (oxphos) and function in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is derived from cell and murine models. Here, we determined mitochondrial oxphos and function in white adipose tissue from healthy individuals (WAT, n=9), beige adipose tissue from severely burned children (BeAT, n=8), and BAT from healthy individuals (n=3). Mitochondrial respiration was determined following the addition of 1) substrates; 2) ADP; 3) succinate; and 4) oligomycin. Thereafter, the ratios of coupled to leak and uncoupled to coupled respiration were calculated. Oxphos was higher in BAT (14.3±6.1 pmol/mg/sec; P<0.001) vs. both WAT (1.1±0.2 pmol/mg/sec) and BeAT (2.8±0.4 pmol/mg/sec). Oxphos was also significantly higher in BeAT vs. WAT (P<0.001). The ratio of coupled/leak respiration was lower in BAT vs. WAT and BeAT (P<0.01), whereas the ratio of uncoupled/coupled respiration was higher BAT and BeAT vs. WAT (P<0.05). BAT and BeAT are similar with regards to oligomycin sensitivity, suggesti...
Visual scanning with or without spatial uncertainty and divided and selective attention

An experiment was conducted to address the relation between theories of selective attention and theories of divided attention by examining the pattern of task interference between visual scanning as a sequential and selective attention process and other concurrent spatial or verbal processing tasks. A distinction is proposed between visual scanning with or without spatial uncertainty regarding their possible differential effects on interference with other concurrent processes. The experiment required the subjects to perform a primary tracking task, which was concurrently performed with a secondary spatial or verbal decision task. The relevant information that was needed to perform the decision tasks was displayed with or without spatial uncertainty. The results provide evidence that visual scanning as a spatial exploratory activity produces greater task interference with concurrent spatial tasks than with verbal tasks. Furthermore, spatial uncertainty in scanning is identified to be the crucial factor in producing this differential effect.
A Comparative Performance Study of an Interconnection Cached Network

The Holy Grail of multi-computer network architects is an ideal crossbar with large size, high bandwidth and fast switching speed. Currently, only small crossbars with fast switching rates are available. Some technologies, e.g. optics, make it possible to build large, high bandwidth crossbars. However, these crossbars switch slowly. The Interconnection Cached Network (ICN) contains many small crossbars interconnected by a single large crossbar. The large crossbar is used for topology reconfiguration, and the small crossbars for message switching. In many parallel applications, each processing element (PE) communicates with only a small set of other PEs. We call this phenomenon switching locality and show that, in its presence, the ICN performs almost as well as the ideal crossbar. We also show that alternative networks have poorer overall performance in terms of average message latency, highest sustainable throughput, and application scalability.
Clinical experience with infliximab therapy in 100 patients with Crohn’s disease

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess our clinical experience with infliximab, a monoclonal antitumor necrosis factor antibody, following its approval for treatment of refractory Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: We followed 100 consecutive patients with CD (53 women and 47 men; mean age, 41 yr) who received a total of 233 infliximab (5 mg/kg) infusions. Adverse events were noted and clinical response assessed every 2 wk for 6 months after each infusion using the Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) for active disease, the Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI) for fistulous disease, and steroid withdrawal rates for steroid-sparing efficacy. RESULTS: Indications for therapy were active disease (n = 57), perianal fistulous disease (n = 33), and steroid dependency (n = 10). Significant infusion reactions occurred in 16 patients (6.9% of infusions) including anaphylactic shock in one patient. Fourteen patients experienced infectious adverse events, 13 of whom were on concurrent steroids. Sixty percent of patients with active disease experienced ≥50% HBI reduction at 2 wk; mean duration of response, 8.2 wk. Three of 26 first-time nonresponders with active disease (12%) responded to a second infusion. Sixty-nine percent of patients with fistulous disease experienced >50% reduction in their PDAI at 2 wk; mean duration of response, 10.9 wk. Four of 10 steroid-dependent patients (40%) discontinued steroid therapy, one of whom recommenced steroid therapy at 24 wk. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical response rates mirror the efficacy reported in the controlled trials for active and fistulous disease. Steroid-sparing efficacy was seen in 40% of steroid-dependent patients. Concurrent steroids did not reduce the risk of significant infusion reactions (6.9%), but did increase the risk of infections.
Aggressive Reactions to Frustration in Relation to the Individual Level of Extrapunitiveness

Summary Thirty-six Jewish adolescents were classified according to three levels of Extrapunitiveness based on their Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study scores. After reading an anti-Semitic communication, one half of the Ss from each level was permitted direct written retaliation (catharsis), while the other half was denied retaliation (non catharsis). The most important result indicated that a linear relationship between Extrapunitiveness and outward reported aggressiveness was obtained. Also, cathartic Ss were significantly less aggressive on an attitude scale than the non-cathartic Ss. Interpretations, other than true retaliatory catharsis, could account for this last result, among them the cathartic role of writing behavior.
Relative importance of local and regional controls on coupled water, carbon, and energy fluxes

Abstract This paper reports the first effort to include carbon, water, and heat exchange in a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model for 3D canopy flows with dynamic response of leaf temperature and stomatal aperture. The LES model simulates eddy motion from 3D, transient integration of a filtered form of the Navier–Stokes equations. Carbon exchange between the vegetation and air is predicted in space and time following biophysical considerations, which act to maximize carbon assimilation while minimizing water loss. The vegetation's stomatal conductance is inferred from these same considerations and used to regulate both transpiration and carbon assimilation rates. Variations in transpiration and radiation distribution propagate to foliage temperature and ultimately heat exchange through a local, transient vegetation energy balance. The wind field is affected by the foliage patterns and by the temperature profile's control on vertical mixing. These temperature and mixing patterns control the concentration profiles that, in turn, affect water and CO 2 exchange processes. By comparing a simulation of horizontally heterogeneous canopy behavior to simulations of several homogeneous canopies with different leaf area index (LAI) values we evaluate the relative importance of local and regional LAI values on the local microenvironment variables and fluxes from the forest canopy. We focus on a pine forest with ample soil moisture as a case study. We demonstrate from these simulations that primitive state variables (e.g. concentrations and velocity) exhibit noticeable non-local controls. However, these features are offset in their effects on land surface fluxes, such that the local fluxes scale well with local LAI values. Furthermore, the resulting relationships between LAI and fluxes are quasi-linear (for the forest morphology studied here) allowing for robust relationships between forest averaged LAI and forest averaged fluxes. The offsetting nature of the non-local effects is described in the context of the dual regulation of stomatal conductance by the rates of carbon assimilation and water loss as opposed to independent regulating effects of the various state variables. Hence, non-local variations in state variables naturally induce offsetting variations in stomatal conductance thereby buffering the water use efficiency of the plant from environmental excursions associated with the turbulent microclimate.