cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separating molecules by size in SAPO-34 membranes

Abstract SAPO-34 membranes that have CO2/CH4 separation selectivities of ~100 at 295 K and pressures up to 4.6 MPa also show high molecular sieving separations of mixtures containing i-butane (0.50-nm kinetic diameter) or CF4 (0.47 nm). The separation selectivities were 15,000–20,000 for CO2/i-butane from 295 to 420 K, and 12,000–20,000 for CO2/CF4 for feed pressures up to 0.5 MPa at 295 K. These may be the highest gas-phase separation selectivities reported for zeolite membranes, and they are likely lower limits because of concentration polarization, leakage around O-rings, and i-butane diffusion through the silicone O-rings. The low defect concentration was also confirmed by spatial defect distributions measured with i-butane. Thus, less than 1% of the CH4 permeation during CO2/CH4 separations is through defects larger than 0.47 nm. Isobutane, even though it is too large to adsorb in SAPO-34 pores (0.38-nm diameter), appeared to inhibit CO2 permeation by adsorbing on the external surface. These SAPO-34 membranes also separated H2/i-butane with lower limits on selectivities of 6000 at 295 K and 10,000–14,000 at 423 K, and they were also selective for He/CH4 separation (selectivity=20) and H2/CH4 separation (selectivity=35–45). In these separations, both He and H2 appear to speed up CH4 permeation, as expected from molecular simulations reported previously. Also, CH4 appears to slow diffusion of CO2, He, and H2.
A PHARMACOGENETIC STUDY OF ALDEHYDE OXIDASE I IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH XK469

XK469 (NSC 697887) is a selective topoisomerase II β inhibitor eliminated mainly via aldehyde oxidase I (AOX1). We performed a candidate gene study to investigate whether AOX1 genetic variation contributes to interindividual variability in XK469 clearance. Forty-one AOX1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and seven liver expression quantitative trait loci were genotyped in Caucasian patients with advanced refractory solid tumors (n=59) and leukemia (n=33). We found a significant decrease in clearance (τ = −0.32, P = 0.003) in solid tumor patients with rs10931910, although it failed to replicate in the leukemia cohort (τ = 0.18, P = 0.20). Four other AOX1 SNPs were associated with clearance (P = 0.01-0.02) in only one of the two cohorts. Our study provides a starting point for future investigations on the functionality of AOX1 SNPs. However, variability in XK469 clearance cannot be attributed to polymorphisms in AOX1.
The Developmental Stages of Labidocera Aestiva Wheeler, 1900 (Copepoda, Calanoida) 1)

Labidocera aestiva wurde im Laboratorium vom Ei bis zur Imago gezuchtet. Die Entwicklungsstadien wurden illustriert. Die Entwicklungszeit betrug annahernd 15 Tage bei einer Temperatur von 18°-25° C und 25 Tage bei 15° C.
Computer-generated three-dimensional animation of the mitral valve.

Abstract Objective Three-dimensional motion-capture data offer insight into the mechanical differences of mitral valve function in pathologic states. Although this technique is precise, the resulting time-varying data sets can be both difficult to interpret and visualize. We used a new technique to transform these 3-dimensional ovine numeric analyses into an animated human model of the mitral apparatus that can be deformed into various pathologic states. Methods In vivo, high-speed, biplane cinefluoroscopic images of tagged ovine mitral apparatus were previously analyzed under normal and pathologic conditions. These studies produced serial 3-dimensional coordinates. By using commercial animation and custom software, animated 3-dimensional models were constructed of the mitral annulus, leaflets, and subvalvular apparatus. The motion data were overlaid onto a detailed model of the human heart, resulting in a dynamic reconstruction. Results Numeric motion-capture data were successfully converted into animated 3-dimensional models of the mitral valve. Structures of interest can be isolated by eliminating adjacent anatomy. The normal and pathophysiologic dynamics of the mitral valve complex can be viewed from any perspective. Conclusion This technique provides easy and understandable visualization of the complex and time-varying motion of the mitral apparatus. This technology creates a valuable research and teaching tool for the conceptualization of mitral valve dysfunction and the principles of repair.
Enantioselective synthesis and structure revision of solandelactone E.

The first total synthesis of solandelactone E has been achieved by a novel and convergent strategy that required 23 steps. The synthesis features a diastereoselective acetal-directed cyclopropanation of an electron-deficient diene, a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of a selenoxide intermediate.
Refined Operating Profile Generation for Air Cushion Vehicles

This paper examines the utilization of Landing Craft, Air Cushion (LCAC) historical operational data, empirical knowledge and emergent lifecycle topics to refine the operational profile of LCAC and other air cushion vehicles. Since 1986, the United States Navy’s (USN) LCAC vehicle has accumulated sizeable operational hours in a unique and rigorous environment. Such a distinctive operating environment prohibits singular application of a surface ship or aircraft operational profile. Addressing emergent lifecycle issues, such as fleet wide main engine 4th nozzle failures, the need for a refined operating profile has been identified. Presently, all component life limit forecasting and inspection criterion are dictated by an antiquated notional operating profile, which utilize inadequate cycling assumptions. Furthermore, existing practice records total operational hours and main engine start data. Neither variable correspond to cyclic data. Improved accuracy of the mission profile will assist in drive-train component life limit assessment and critical inspection criteria. This paper will expand upon generation of a refined operation profile tailored to air cushion vehicle operation based upon service history, mission requirements and testing.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Generalized analysis of pressure induced nonlinear optical processes

Abstract We apply a recently developed diagrammatic density matrix perturbation technique to construct a general model for pressure induced nonlinear optical processes. Two distinct types of pressure induced behavior are identified. The diagrammatic technique facilitates the analysis and physical interpretation of these processes as well as provides unified description for many different nonlinear processes which exhibit the pressure induced phenomena.
CD40 ligand expression is defective in a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Abstract Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections due to failure of CVI B cells to differentiate in vivo into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. We hypothesized that T-cell dysfunction resulting in abnormal contact-mediated B-cell activation may play a prominent role in the failure of CVI B cells to produce specific antibody. We have previously shown that B-cell proliferation and IgE production after stimulation with anti-CD40 and interleukin (IL) 4 were normal in 22 CVI patients evaluated, indicating that CVI B cells respond to signals delivered via CD40. Here we report that CD40 ligand (gp39) mRNA expression by activated lymphocytes from CVI patients (n = 31) as a group was significantly depressed (P < 0.0001) compared with normal controls (n = 32). gp39 mRNA expression by activated lymphocytes from 13 CVI patients fell below the normal control range. T-cell surface expression of functional gp39 protein was correspondingly low in those patients with gp39 mRNA levels below normal control range and normal in patients with gp39 mRNA levels within normal control range. In CVI patients as a group, gp39 mRNA levels correlated with IL-2 mRNA levels (P < 0.002, r = 0.6) and production (P < 0.001, r = 0.7) but not with gene expression or production of other lymphokines evaluated, suggesting an as-yet-undetermined association between gp39 and IL-2 gene regulation. Of the 13 patients whose activated T cells exhibited gp39 mRNA expression below the normal control range, 2 had normal T-cell-derived lymphokine production, whereas the remaining 11 exhibited broader T-cell dysfunction, resulting in IL-2 deficiency, and in some patients deficient production of other lymphokines as well, reflecting a heterogeneity in the underlying mechanisms leading to depressed gp39 expression in these patients. The observation that both gene and surface expression of gp39 by activated T cells is depressed in a subgroup of CVI patients suggests that inefficient signaling via CD40 may be responsible, in part, for failure of B-cell differentiation in these patients.
INCENTIVES FOR COMPETITIVE RESPONSES IN REPLICATED ECONOMIES: A GENERALIZATION

A simple proof is presented of a theorem of Roberts and Postlewaite on truthful revelation of preferences for replicated economies. The proof provides some generalizations of the earlier result using the strict definition of feasibility. First, to economies with an infinity of agents but with a finite number of types; secondly, to economies with a countable number of commodities.
A tapetal ablation transgene induces stable male sterility and slows field growth in Populus

The field performance of genetic containment tech- nologies-considered important for certain uses of transgenic treesinforestry-ispoorlyknown.Wetestedtheefficiencyofa barnase gene driven by the TA29 tapetum-dominant promoter for influencing growth rate and inducing male sterility in a field trial of transgenic hybrid poplar (Populus tremula× Populus tremuloides). When the growth of 18 transgenic insertion events with the sterility transgene were compared to non-transgenic controls after two growing seasons, they grew 40 % more slowly in stem volume, and all but one transgenic event grew significantly more slowly than the control. In contrast, when we compared the growth of trans- genic trees containing four kinds of β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene constructs to non-transgenic trees—all of which had been produced using the same transformation method and poplar clone and grown at the same field site—there were no statistically significant differences in growth after three grow- ingseasons.In2yearswheregrosspollenreleasefromcatkins was monitored and found to be abundant in the control, no pollen was visible in the transgenic trees; microscopy sug- gested the cause was tapetal collapse and revealed the pres- ence of a very few normal-sized pollen grains of unknown viability. In two additional years when viable, well-formed pollen was microscopically documented in controls, and no pollen could be observed in any transgenic trees. We conclude that this construct resulted in robust and possibly complete male sterility that was stable over 4 years in the field.
Improved correlation-based detector for hand-held landmine detector

We propose in this paper an improved correlation based GPR algorithm for a hand-held landmine detector. The previously proposed correlation based detector (CorrDet) generates prediction errors at different frequency bins and sums the prediction errors to generate a statistical quality for detection. The improved CorrDet applies weighting on the prediction errors before they are added to generate the detection value. The purpose of weighting is to emphasize the prediction error values in the frequency bins that are less affected by clutter. The weighting technique is found to be very effective, especially in detecting deep anti-tank mines and small anti-personnel mines. The performance improvement of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using seven data sets obtained at different sites and soil conditions that contain over 2300 mine targets.
Soft x-ray mirrors for the Linac Coherent Light Source

The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a 0.15-1.5 nm wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) being constructed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) by a multi-institution consortium, including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). One of LLNL's responsibilities involves the design and construction of two grazing-incidence mirror systems whose primary intent is to reduce radiation levels in the experimental halls by separating the FEL beam from unwanted high-energy photons. This paper discusses one of these systems, the Soft X-ray Offset Mirror System (SOMS) that will operate in the wavelength range 0.62-1.5 nm (0.827-2.00 keV). The unusual properties of the FEL beam translate to stringent specifications in terms of stability, material choice and mirror properties. It also precludes using approaches previously developed for synchrotron light sources. This situation has led us to a unique mirror design, consisting of a reflective boron carbide layer deposited on a silicon substrate. In the first part of this paper, we discuss the basic system requirements for the SOMS and motivate the need for these novel reflective elements. In the second part of this paper, we discuss the development work we have performed, including simulation and experimental verification of the boron carbide coating properties, and the expected performance of the final system.
N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects endothelial cells but not L929 tumor cells from tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cytotoxicity

The effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor-α was investigated in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells and L929 mouse tumor cells. In endothelial cells, a 72-h incubation with tumor necrosis factor-α (100 ng/ml) reduced the number of viable cells to 27% of control. Simultaneous incubation with N-acetyl-Lcysteine (0.5–5 mmol/l) protected endothelial cells from tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cytotoxicity and increased viability in a concentration-dependent fashion to 69% of control. Under the same conditions, a 72-h incubation with tumor necrosis factor-α (100 ng/ml) reduced the number of viable L929 tumor cells to 31% of control. However, this cytotoxic response remained unaltered in the presence of N-acetyl-Lrcysteine (0.5–5 mmol/l). Similar results were obtained when using a lower concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (50 ng/ml). These findings demonstrate protection from tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated toxicity by N-acetyl-L-cysteine in endothelial cells but not in a tumor cell line. It is concluded that N-acetyl-L-cysteine might serve as a therapeutic agent to limit the vascular toxicity of tumor necrosis factor-α without affecting its antineoplastic activity.
Interagency Bargaining and International Negotiation: Lessons from the Open Skies Treaty Talks

Internal bargaining among government agencies has a direct effect on the formal external negotiation, particularly with regard to the flexibility of the negotiator and their ability, to reach agreements. This article illustrates how interagency bargaining within the U.S. and Soviet governments affected the negotiation of the 1992 Open Skies Treaty between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the former Warsaw Pact.
Interactional Associations of Gender on Savings Behavior: Showing Gender’s Continued Influence on Economic Action

This study looks at how gender relates to a critical economic behavior—savings activity. We start with the proposition that gender is not merely an additional variable to explain savings choices. Gender is the primary type of social categorization in the U.S. today. Therefore, other variables will be differently relevant to savings depending on gender. We use a national survey, the 2006 Economic Decision Making Survey conducted by Michigan State University’s Institute for Public Policy and Social Research, to examine the proposition. Basic frequencies reveal nonsignificant differences in savings participation across gender, but regression analysis including interactions of gender with other key variables reveals that multiple aspects of individuals’ lives are influenced by gender to predict savings plan participation.
Revision of the dolichoderine ant genus Turneria (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

. The Australasian ant genus Turneria is revised. T.bidentata Forel, T.dahlii Forel and T.pacifica Mann are redescribed and a lectotype designated for T.bidentata. T.frenchi Forel is transferred to Stigmacros (comb.n.), and T.butteli Forel is transferred to Iridomyrmex (comb.n.). Three new species, T.arbusta, T.collina and T.postomma, are described from Papua New Guinea. Males of the genus are described for the first time. A key to the workers of recognized species and a distribution map are provided. The group is analysed cladistically and the resulting species relationships are discussed, along with a comment on the use of polymorphic characters.
A Parallel Unstructured Mesh Infrastructure

Two Department of Energy (DOE) office of Science's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Frameworks, Algorithms, and Scalable Technologies for Mathematics (FASTMath) software packages, Parallel Unstructured Mesh Infrastructure (PUMI) and Partitioning using Mesh Adjacencies (ParMA), are presented.
Optimal filter design using new formulas

Simple and fast method using new formulas is introduced to design a class of optimal RC ladder networks with double-terminations. These new formulas enable the designer to find optimal networks identical to those obtainable from existing techniques at a fraction of the time.
Leadership theory: past, present and future

Organizations have changed over the past several decades with regard to the structuring of work methods and processes. Moving away from the traditional hierarchical design, most organizations are developing flatter, leaner structures that support a more empowered, team‐based workforce. The nature of leadership has also changed significantly over time. Building on the body of work that has been done to understand leadership, the current paper explores the various theories of leadership and how these theories have changed over time. Starting with a review of work done on leadership, the trends and changes over time are discussed. In addition, characteristics of successful leaders are identified. Given current developments in organizations, a call for change is presented in the context of teams and team leadership. A modified view of leadership is proposed that may be more appropriate in team‐based structures.
New High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies against Shiga Toxin 1 Facilitate the Detection of Hybrid Stx1/Stx2 In Vivo

Background: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are a group of common and potentially deadly intestinal pathogens expressing Shiga toxin (Stx) as a primary virulence factor. Of the two types of Stx, Stx2 is responsible for more severe symptoms during infection, while Stx1 is almost identical to the Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae, a ubiquitous pathogen in developing countries. Although antibodies against Stx1 have been reported, few have reached the affinity needed for assembling highly sensitive immunoassays. Sensitive and affordable immunoassays for Stx1 and Stx2 could help improve detection of STEC in livestock, food, the environment, and in clinical samples resulting in improved food safety and human health. Method and Findings: Three new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the B subunit of Stx1 were generated using recombinant toxoid Stx1E167Q and hybridoma technology. These new mAbs recognize all subtypes of Stx1, but do not cross-react with any subtype of Stx2. In addition, they exhibited the ability to neutralize Stx1 toxicity in Vero cell assays. An optimized sandwich ELISA using of a pair of these mAbs had a limit of detection of 8.7 pg/mL, which is superior to any existing assay of this kind. Using one of these Stx1 mAbs in concert with Stx2 mAbs, the presence of hybrid Stx1/Stx2 toxin in the culture media of STEC strains that express both Stx1 and Stx2 was demonstrated. Conclusions: These new mAbs provide a mix of availability, utility, versatility, and most importantly, increased sensitivity for detection of Stx1. There are numerous potential applications for these mAbs, including low-cost detection assays and therapeutic use. Analysis of hybrid Stx1/2 could provide new insights on the structure, activity, and cellular targets of Shiga toxins.
High-resolution imaging of ion-implantation damage and mechanism of amortization in semiconductors

Abstract We have investigated the atomic structures of displacement cascades and amorphous-crystalline interfaces in silicon, ion implanted at 4 K, using high-resolution electron microscopy. The nature of the cascades and the process of amorphization are shown to be strong functions of ion-implantation and substrate variables. At 4 K the specific damage energy density for the crystalline to amorphous phase transition in silicon has been determined to be 12 eV/atom. The details of atomic structures of amorphous silicon and amorphous-crystalline interfaces are presented. The calculations of the mean free path between collisions and the energy deposited per atom are found to be consistent with experimental observations on amorphization of silicon.
Mouse models for human DNA mismatch-repair gene defects

The mammalian DNA mismatch-repair genes belong to a family of genes that comprise several homologs of the Escherichia coli mutS and mutL genes. The observation that mutations in the two human repair genes MSH2 and MLH1 are responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, as well as a significant number of sporadic colorectal cancers, raises several questions about the role of these proteins and their family members in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. To address these questions, mice with inactivating mutations in all the known mutS and mutL homologs have been generated. The development of these mouse lines has permitted the systematic analysis of the role of each gene in the repair process and has underscored their significance in mutation avoidance and cancer susceptibility. These analyses were critical for our understanding of the function of these genes at the organismal level and also revealed an essential role for some of the DNA mismatch-repair genes in mammalian meiosis.
Simplicial arrangements associated with the 24-cell

Let l = A 4 1 (49) be the 4-arrangement in real projective 4-space that includes all 24 facet hyperplanes of the 24-cellT, its 24 hyperplanes of mirror symmetry, and the hyperplane at infinity. In this paper we show that ℝ is theonly simplicial 4-arrangement formed by including some of the hyperplanes of mirror symmetry and possibly the hyperplane at infinity with the 24 facet hyperplanes ofT. Only one other simplicial 4-arrangement is known that does not lie in a natural sequence of arrangements that are simplicial in each dimension. Two of the simplicial 3-arrangements induced by X were not previously in the literature, so 19 joinirreducible simplicial 3-arrangements are currently known.
Symbiosis versus antisymbiosis: a study of the thiocynate bonding mode in trans-hydridothiocyanatotetrakispiperidineiridium(III) thiocyanate and tetraphenylborate

Abstract Examples of symbiotic and antisymbiotic behavior involving ambidentate ligands such as the NCS− ion have thus far been restricted to, respectively, octahedral complexes of class ‘a’ metals and square planar complexes of class ‘b’ metals. In the latter case, only the strong trans-influence of π-acid ligands heretofore been observed to cause antisymbiosis. The title complex was chosen for study because it involves an octahedral complex of an ambidentate ligand and class ‘b’ metal (re: [lr(SCN)6]3−) wherein the former is subjected to the strong trans-influence of a ligand which can only function as a σ-base. In the solid state, antisymbiosis is demostrated by the stability of the N-bound trans-[lr(pip)4H(NCS)]NCS, and counteranion control by the synthesis and stability of the S-bound isomer as the BPh4− salt. When trans-[lr(pip)4(NCS)(H)]NCS or its BPh4− salt as put into solution, IR studies indicate that N-bonding initially prevails in solution, irrespective of solvent dielectric. The prolonged aging of methylene chloride solutions of either trans-[lr(pip)4(NCS)(H)]NCS or of trans-(pip)4(SCN)(H)BPh4 produces the soluble cation trans-[lr(pip)4(SCN)2]+. The νCN frequency of the noncoordinated NCS− is remarkably sensitive to the solvent dielectric, suggesting the existence of H-bonding to the amine proton of the piperidine ligands in the low dielectric solvents. NMR data support the existence of the mixture of six- and seven-coordinate species in all solvents forthe NCS− salt, as a consequence of the observation for each solution of a doublet hydride resonance. Solutions of the BPh4− salt, on the other hand, exhibit only a single hydride resonance, indicating the presence of the only a six-coordinate moiety.
Design of Robust Emission Reduction Strategies for Road-Based Public Transportation in Mexico City, Mexico: Multiattribute Trade-Off Analysis for Metropolitan Area

Transportation-related air pollution is one of the major problems facing many megacities in developing as well as developed countries. The design of air quality strategies for the road-based public transportation system in the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) is considered. An analysis is done of 28 different emission reduction strategies consisting of bundles of technological and supply and demand management emission reduction policies across alternative future development scenarios of the MCMA in the 2000-2025 period. The analysis combines demand modeling, fleet evolution modeling, mobile-source emissions modeling, and trade-off analysis to evaluate the impact of these emission reduction strategies and to determine their cost-effectiveness. The combined use of scenario analysis and multiattribute trade-off analysis is a unique approach that allows the design of strategies that are robust across a range of future uncertainties. Results of the analysis show that combinations of aggressive technological and supply and demand management strategies are needed to achieve sustained emission reductions in the 2000-2025 period. The recommendation calls for combinations of strategies that rely on aggressive hybrid vehicle introductions, catalyst and particulate matter and nitrogen oxide filter retrofitting, dedicated busways, public transportation fare integration, and subsidies and fuel taxes. These combined strategies can reduce transportation emissions by more than 85%. Results also indicate that even the most aggressive strategies fail to achieve sustained emission reductions in the case of urban sprawl and the rapid growth in transportation demand.
Path Planning for a Vision-Based Autonomous Robot

THE VISIONS RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS PRO- VIDES AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL DATA. TO PRO- VIDE A TESTBED FOR MANY OF THE ALGORITHMS DEVELOPED WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK, A MOBILE ROBOT HAS BEEN ACQUIRED. THE TEST DOMAINS OF INTERACTIONS ARE TWOFOLD: THE INTERIOR OF A LARGE RESEARCH CENTER BUILDING (ROOMS, HALLS, FOYERS, DOORWAYS, ETC.) AND THE IMMEDIATE OUTDOOR AREA SURROUNDING THE BUILDING (SIDEWALKS, GRAVEL PATHS, GRASS PATHS, GRASS PATCHES, BUILDING ENTRANCES, ETC.). A MULTI-LEVEL REPRESENTATION AND THE ACCOMPANYING ARCHITECTURE USED TO SUPPORT MULTI-SENSOR NAVIGATION (PREDOMINANTLY VISUAL) ARE DESCRIBED. A HYBRID VERTEX-GRAPH FREE-SPACE REPRESENTATION BASED UPON THE DECOMPOSITION OF FREE SPACE INTO CONVEX REGIONS CAPABLE FOR USE IN BOTH INDOOR AND LIMIT- ED OUTDOOR NAVIGATION IS DISCUSSED. THIS "MEADOW MAP" IS PRODUCED VIA THE RECURSIVE DECOMPOSITION OF THE INITAL BOUNDING AREA OF TRAVERSABILITY AND ITS ASSOCIATED MODELLED OBSTACLES. OF PARTICULAR INTEREST IS THE CAPABIL- ITY TO HANDLE MULTIPLE TERRAIN TYPES (SIDEWALKS, GRASS, GRAVEL, ETC.). "TRANSITION ZONES" EASE THE PASSAGE OF THE ROBOT FROM ONE TERRAIN TYPE TO ANOTHER. A HIERARCHICAL PATH PLANNER, (MISSION PLANNER, NAVIGATOR, AND PILOT), THAT UTILIZES THE DATA AVAILABLE IN THE ABOVE REPRESENTATIONAL SCHEME IS
Phage typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: clinical and epidemiologic considerations.

Bacteriophage typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a useful tool in the subclassification of strains isolated from patients with burn wound infections. A continually expanding set of phages has been developed and used in the study of the epidemiology of Pseudomonas in a burn unit during a six-year period. Predominant types varied from time to time, although type 21,68 was highly prevalent during a two-year period before abruptly disappearing. Strains of type 16,1214 were frequently resistant to Sulfamylon. Specific phage type pseudomonas epidemics were identified on a number of occasions. Conversely, presumed strain-specific outbreaks were shown by phage typing to be caused by a mixed population of pseudomonas strains.
Effects of noradrenergic agonists on superficial dorsal horn neurons in the cat spinal cord.

Abstract The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of iontophoretically-applied noradrenergic agonists on the unit activity of physiologically characterized superficial dorsal horn neurons in the barbiturate-anesthetized cat spinal cord, and to determine if a relationship exists between the effects produced by these agents and neuron modality. The effects of norepinephrine (NE), clonidine (CLON, a selective α2-agonist) and phenylephrine (PE, a selective α1-agonist) on spontaneous and d , l -homocysteic acid (DLH)-evoked unit activity were examined for 68 superficial dorsal horn neurons. Iontophoretically applied NE inhibited (40% of the cells examined) and excited (39% of the cells examined) unit activity. Mixed effects (i.e., inhibition and excitation) on unit activity also were observed (10% of the cells examined), and NE had no effect on the unit activity of some cells (11% of the cells examined). Excitation was the predominant effect produced by CLON (62% of the cells examined); however, inhibition (19% of the cells examined), mixed effects (5% of the cells examined), and no effects on unit activity (14% of the cells examined) also were observed. Iontophoretically applied PE inhibited (46% of the cells examined) and excited (36% of the cells examined) unit activity. Mixed effects on unit activity also were observed (4% of the cells examined), and PE had no effect on the unit activity of some cells (14% of the cells examined). Whether NE, CLON or PE exerted excitatory or inhibitory effects on unit activity did not depend on neuron modality.
Effect of peanut tannins on percent seed colonization and in vitro growth by Aspergillus parasiticus.

The relationship between tannin content of mature, intact, cured peanut seed and percent seed colonization byAspergillus parasiticus was examined. Tannin content in 9 cultivars, 7 of which were grown in both Tifton, Georgia and Puerto Rico, was significantly correlated with percent seed colonization. For data expressed as mg tannin/g intact seed and mg tannin/g seed coat, correlation coefficients with percent colonization were 0.74 and 0.76, respectively. Seed coat tannin, methanol-extracted, water-soluble material from peanut seed coats, was testedin vitro for effects on growth ofA. parasiticus. As concentrations of tannins were increased to 7.5%, inhibition of fungal growth increased linearly to 88%; a concentration of 20% produced over 96% inhibition.
Physiologic significance of steady-state pattern electroretinogram losses in glaucoma: clues from simulation of abnormalities in normal subjects.

PurposeTo better understand pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying pattern electroretinogram (PERG) losses in glaucoma by simulating either retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction or RGC loss in normal subjects.Materials and MethodsThe steady-state PERG has been recorded in 10 normal subjects (mean
Maternal adrenalectomy eliminates a surge of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone in the mother and attenuates the prenatal testosterone surge in the male fetus

Previous work has established a number of sex-related deficits in immune function, behavior, and endocrine responses to stress in the offspring of dams exposed to ethanol. To examine the potential role of maternal glucocorticoids as a mediator of these sexually dimorphic effects in the fetus, we examined the influence of prenatal alcohol exposure in the presence or absence of maternal glucocorticoids on fetal plasma corticosterone (CORT) production. An additional question to be addressed by these studies was whether maternal adrenalectomy could eliminate the known inhibition by ethanol of the prenatal surge of plasma testosterone in male fetuses. Pregnant dams were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-adrenalectomized on gestational day (G) 7 and placed on a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories or pair-fed an isocaloric control diet throughout the experiment. On G18, G19, and G21, plasma levels of CORT, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured in male and female fetuses and their mothers. Ethanol administration consistently increased maternal plasma CORT levels but did not significantly alter CORT levels in the fetus. Maternal ADX resulted in compensatory increases in fetal CORT levels that were lower in fetuses of ADX dams on alcohol, suggesting a direct effect of ethanol on fetal pituitary-adrenal activity. There were no significant sex differences in fetal plasma CORT levels in response to any of these manipulations. A novel surge of maternal plasma DHEA was found on G19 that was absent in plasma from ADX dams. In spite of the absence of a surge on G19, plasma DHEA levels of ADX dams rose from very low levels at G18 to levels on G21 that were significantly higher than in Sham dams. A normal testosterone surge was observed in male fetuses on G18 and G19 from sham-adrenalectomized dams administered the pair-fed diet. However, this surge was greatly attenuated in males administered ethanol and also in male fetuses from ADX dams. These results reveal a direct inhibitory influence of ethanol on fetal CORT secretion as well as on the prenatal testosterone surge in males. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the presence of a surge of DHEA in the pregnant rat. Overall, these data suggest that there is a critical adrenal factor in the rat that regulates the maternal surge of DHEA on G19 and the prenatal testosterone surge of male fetuses on G18-19.
Modeling the Rotation of Orthotropic Axes of Sheet Metals Subjected to Off-Axis Uniaxial Tension

A simplified version of a newly developed anisotropic plasticity theory is presented to describe the anisotropic flow behavior of orthotropic polycrystalline sheet metals under uniaxial tension. The theory is formulated in terms of the intrinsic variables of principal stresses and a loading orientation angle and its uniaxial tension version requires a non-quadratic stress exponent and up to five anisotropic material functions of the loading orientation angle to specify a flow condition, a flow rule for plastic strain rates, a flow rule for macroscopic plastic spin, and an evolution law of isotropic hardening. In this investigation, the proper analytical form and the associated parameter identification of the anisotropic material functions defining the flow rule of macroscopic plastic spin are discussed for sheet metals with persistent but rotated orthotropic symmetry axes under off-axis uniaxial tension. It is shown that the proposed flow rule of macroscopic plastic spin can successfully model the experimental data on the rotation of orthotropic symmetry axes in the three sheet metals reported, respectively, by Boehler et al. (Boehler and Koss, 1991, Advances in Continuum Mechanics, O. Bruller et al., eds., Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 143-158; Losilla, Boehler, and Zheng, 2000, Acta Mech. 144, pp. 169-183); Kim and Yin (1997, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 45, pp. 841-851); and Bunge and Nielsen (1997 Int. J. Plasticity 13, pp. 435-446).
Tripartite signaling of pattern: interactions between Hedgehogs, BMPs and Wnts in the control of vertebrate development

Abstract A central issue in embryonic development is the resolution of how groups of equivalent cells are transformed into orderly and patterned arrays of distinct cell types. Recent studies suggest the involvement of the Hedgehog. Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein families in the patterning of different tissue types in vertebrate embryos. The integrated actions of members of these three families of signaling proteins appear to have been recruited in the patterning of neural tissue in addition to several different tissues. Over the past year, a clearer picture of the diverse roles of these signaling proteins in embryonic development has begun to emerge.
The role of androgens in the epithelio-mesenchymal interactions involved in prostatic morphogenesis in embryonic mice.

Standard tissue culture and epithelio-mesenchymal separation and recombination techniques were applied to the question of sex determination of the male urogenital sinus of embryonic mice. Explants of urogenital sinuses from 12- to 17-day old embryos were cultured in an androgen-free environment to a gestational age equivalency of 18 to 20 days. The developmental response of these explants led to the following conclusions: (1) Androgens are necessary for initiation of prostatic bud outgrowth; (2) The effect of androgens can be demonstrated at the stage when the fetal testis begins to secrete androgens; and (3) Prior to the appearance of prostatic buds, the urogenital sinus has the capacity to pursue that developmental end-point independently of further androgen stimulation. In addition, the developmental response of recombinants composed of androgen-treated and untreated epithelium and mesenchyme from the urogenital sinus has shown that it is the epithelium which is primarily determined by androgens during prostatic morphogenesis.
The influence of perceptual and semantic categorization on inhibitory processing as measured by the N2–P3 response

In daily activities, humans must attend and respond to a range of important items and inhibit and not respond to unimportant distractions. Our current understanding of these processes is largely based on perceptually simple stimuli. This study investigates the interaction of conceptual-semantic categorization and inhibitory processing using Event Related Potentials (ERPs). Participants completed three Go-NoGo tasks that increased systematically in the degree of conceptual-semantic information necessary to respond correctly (from single items to categories of objects and animals). Findings indicate that the N2 response reflects inhibitory processing but does not change significantly with task difficulty. The P3 NoGo amplitude, on the other hand, is attenuated by task difficulty. Further, the latency of the peak of the P3 NoGo response elicited by the most difficult task is significantly later than are the peaks detected during performance of the other two tasks. Thus, the level of complexity of conceptual-semantic representations influences inhibitory processing in a systematic way. This inhibition paradigm may be a key for investigating inhibitory dysfunction in patient populations.
Pseudo Gallbladder sign in biliary atresia—an imaging pitfall

Background Ultrasound (US) is used to identify causes of neonatal cholestasis. We describe a potential sonographic pitfall, the “pseudo gallbladder,” in biliary atresia (BA).
Roles of Intravenous Iron Therapy in Various Patient Settings

Objective: To provide clinical information on intravenous iron products and their role in chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis, oncology, critical illness, and heart failure. Data Sources: Intravenous iron products information, national clinical practice guidelines, and the latest primary literature available were reviewed. PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched from January 2000-December 2009. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All FDA-approved intravenous iron products information, available national clinical practice guidelines, and primary literature were included. Data Synthesis: Iron deficiency is common in patients with CKD, dialysis, oncology, critical illness, and heart failure. Routine supplementation with intravenous iron therapy is indicated in patients with CKD, including those receiving dialysis; however, its role in oncology, critical illness, and heart failure is not clearly defined. Assessing patients for iron deficiency, evaluating their status, and knowing the risks of adverse events are important in determining the roles of intravenous iron therapy in each setting. If patients are initiated on intravenous iron, they must be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of adverse drug reactions, as well as clinical worsening. Additionally, intravenous iron must be discontinued upon resolution of iron deficiency. Conclusions: The importance of intravenous iron therapy is well established in patients with CKD, including those receiving dialysis, who have iron deficiency. Its roles in oncology critical illness, and heart failure should be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
The Schismatic Metaphor and Its Implications for Organizational Analysis

This article investigates the possibility of studying organizations upon the basis of a schismatic metaphor, which presumes that there is a fundamental tendency within organizations towards disintegration as a result of endogenously generated change. The metaphor specifically sets out to provide an alternative to the traditional mechanical and organismic metaphors, which assume that social systems are functionally unified and essentially stable, by focusing upon strains and tensions which often work towards the incompatible ends of unity and fission. It suggests that these strains and tensions can account for patterns of internal differentiation, the decentralization of power and control, patterns of conflict, and many other important organizational characteristics. Systematically developed, the schismatic metaphor offers an opportunity to view orga nizations from a perspective which elevates the importance of many variables which are either neglected or taken for granted within the context of traditional...
717-4 Balloon Valvotomy for Non-Ideal Commissurotomy Candidates

Results for balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) are usually reported for large heterogenous groups. Different outcomes are expected for good commissurotomy candidates (Ideal) compared to patients with significant valve deformity who might otherwise be good MVR candidates (Non-Ideal). We defined Ideal as echo score ≤ 6 and Non-Ideal as score ≥ 9/age ≤ 72. Ideal Patients Non-Ideal Patients n 344 154 Age (years) 47 ± 12 54 ± 11 * NYHA 2.8 ± 0.7 2.9 ± 1.6 * Echo Score 4.8 ± 1.4 10.1 ± 1.3 * MVA pre→post 1 ± 0.3→1.8 ± 0.6 1 ± 0.3→1.7 ± 0.6 * MVR 30 days 5.2% 8.1% 3 Yr. Event Free 82% 62% * * = p l 0.01 vs Ideal Conclusions Immediate BMV results for ideal patients with pliable valves and non-ideal patients who would otherwise be MVR candidates are good. Three year event free survival is excellent in ideal patients. Non-ideal patients with significant valve deformity have freedom from death, MVR or repeat PTMC after three years in 62% of cases.
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis associated with cutaneous neurofibromatosis: report of a case.

Summary Although idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis has been studied extensively, its etiology has remained elusive. Recent reports of its association with neuroectodermal syndrome suggest that at least some cases may be the manifestation of a heritable defect of neuroectoderm. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis associated with neurofibromatosis.
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer

Despite technical advances in the surgical or radiotherapeutic treatment of localized invasive bladder cancer, at least 50% of patients ultimately succumb from the growth and progression of microscopic disease beyond the reach of these local treatment modalities. Systemic chemotherapy prior to or immediately following surgery or radiotherapy or concurrently with radiotherapy has been explored in numerous uncontrolled phase II trials and in several randomized phase III trials in an attempt to eradicate this micrometastatic disease burden. Many of these studies have significant flaws in design, implementation, and analysis. All suffer from the lack of highly effective or well-tolerated chemotherapy. These failed attempts and lessons from successful adjuvant chemotherapy trials in other tumor types indicate directions to be pursued in this highly lethal disease.
$Z$ Mediated Flavor Changing Neutral Currents and Their Implications for {CP} Asymmetries in $\B^0$ Decays

In models where the quark sector is extended in a nonsequential way, there are $Z$-mediated flavor-changing neutral currents at the tree level. These may dominate mixing in neutral-$B$ systems. Unitarity of the three-generation Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is violated, and new phases take part in quark mixing. All these effects modify significantly the predictions for $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries in ${B}^{0}$ decays. The various aspects of new physics can be probed separately by testing specific relations among these $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries.
Metamaterials for THz polarimetric devices

We present experimental and numerical investigations of planar terahertz metamaterial structures designed to interact with the state of polarization. The dependence of metamaterial resonances on polarization results in unique amplitude and phase characteristics of the terahertz transmission, providing the basis for polarimetric terahertz devices. We highlight some potential applications for polarimetric devices and present simulations of a terahertz quarter-wave plate and a polarizing terahertz beam splitter. Although this work was performed at terahertz frequencies, it may find applications in other frequency ranges as well.
Structure and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Homeobox Gene Prox 1

The genomic organization and nucleotide sequence of the human homeobox gene Prox 1 as well as its chromosomal localization have been determined. This gene spans more than 40 kb, consists of at least 5 exons, and encodes an 83-kDa protein. It shows 89% identity with the chicken sequence at the nucleotide level in the coding region, while the human and chicken proteins are 94% identical. Among the embryonic tissues analyzed (lens, brain, lung, liver, and kidney), the human Prox 1 gene is most actively expressed in the developing lens, similar to the expression pattern of the chicken Prox 1 gene. The Prox 1 gene was mapped to human chromosome 1q32.2-q32.3.
Fast, sensitive, and inexpensive alternative to analytical pigment HPLC: quantification of chlorophylls and carotenoids in crude extracts by fitting with Gauss peak spectra.

Quantification of pigments in complex mixtures is an important task in the physiology of photosynthetic organisms, because pigment composition differs depending on the species, tissue, and physiological state. Currently available methods, however, are either limited to very few pigments (classical UV/vis spectroscopic methods), or they are time-consuming, labor intensive, or costly (e.g., HPLC). Here we describe a UV/vis spectrophotometric method that is capable of a rapid (∼1 min/sample) and inexpensive (<1 euro/sample) quantification of more than a dozen pigments in a crude extract, which means it is suitable for high-throughput screening applications. A detection limit of <1 pmol for each pigment allows for determining the pigment composition in only 0.5 μg of lyophilized leaves or algae. The method is based on the description of each pigment spectrum by a series of Gaussian peaks. A sample spectrum is then fitted by a linear combination of these “Gauss peak spectra” including an automatic correction o...