cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Habitat association of mammals in Syracuse, New York

Abstract A 2-year study of the mammals in Syracuse, NY revealed the presence of 17 non-domestic species. Of the 13 species trapped in 20 greenspaces (Parks, greenbelts, private woodlots, etc.), white-footed mice ( Peromyscus spp.), meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus ) and gray squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis ) comprised 65% of the 1040 captures from 13 344 functional trapnights of effort. Species richness ranged from 3 to 9 species captured in the greenspaces, that varied in size from 2 to 22 ha. Three interspecific associations were identified, but several species were associated with similar habitat features. Using Spearman's rank correlation (univariate) and canonical correlation (multivariate), capture success of each species and various combinations were correlated with one or more of 31 physical, biotic or cultural variables obtained from on-site measurements, aerial photographs, and Bureau of Census reports. Generally, variables measured from aerial photographs accounted for more of the variability in mammal abundance among areas than did detailed measurements of on-site physical or biotic conditions. Area of water, area of grass or field, area of pavement or gravel, and total greenspace often were significant, whereas specific characteristics of a vegetative type such as size-class of trees, diversity of herb layer, or percentage of canopy closure in the understory had little effect on the mammalian community. Mammals that can exist in urbanized areas apparently respond to the mosaic of habitats and land uses in the general area rather than those conditions found within specific greenspaces.
A Genome-Wide Scan for Obesity in African-Americans

A genome-wide scan using 387 short tandem repeat markers was conducted for obesity among 618 black individuals from 202 families residing in a suburb of Chicago. Evidence for linkage was evaluated with BMI and percent body fat (PBF) using a variance component analysis approach. Suggestive evidence for linkage was found for BMI on chromosome 5 (logarithm of odds [LOD] score = 1.9) and PBF on chromosome 6 (LOD score = 2.7). One additional region on chromosome 3 was linked to these phenotypes at a lower level of significance (LOD score = 1.8 and 0.95 for BMI and PBF, respectively); the linked marker on this chromosome lies in the same region implicated as harboring obesity genes in a previous study of a white population. The replication of linkage evidence using different ethnic groups reinforces the potential significance of this latter candidate region.
Comparison of Cultural Methods and the DNA Hybridization Test for Detection of Salmonellae in Ground Beef

A commercially available (Gene-Trak®) DNA hybridization (DNAH) test was compared with conventional cultural methods for detection of salmonellae in naturally contaminated dairy cow ground beef. All subsamples which were Salmonella-positive by cultural methods were also positive by DNAH. There was a small percentage (3.7%) of false-positive subsamples by the DNAH method, but there were no false-negative results. The DNAH test appears to be a reliable method for detection of salmonellae in ground beef.
The Catalina Schist: Evidence for middle Cretaceous subduction erosion of southwestern North America

The Catalina Schist underlies the inner southern California borderland of southwestern North America. On Santa Catalina Island, amphibolite facies rocks that recrystallized and partially melted at ca. 115 Ma and at 40 km depth occur atop an inverted metamorphic stack that juxtaposes progressively lower grade, high-pressure/ temperature (PT) rocks across low-angle faults. This inverted metamorphic sequence *marty@oro.ess.ucla.edu Grove, M., Bebout, G.E., Jacobson, C.E., Barth, A.P., Kimbrough, D.L., King, R.L., Zou, H., Lovera, O.M., Mahoney, B.J., and Gehrels, G.E., 2008, The Catalina Schist: Evidence for middle Cretaceous subduction erosion of southwestern North America, in Draut, A.E., Clift, P.D., and Scholl, D.W., eds., Formation and Applications of the Sedimentary Record in Arc Collision Zones: Geological Society of America Special Paper 436, p. 335–361, doi: 10.1130/2008.2436(15). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2008 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Pharmacokinetic/Toxicity Properties of the New Anti-Staphylococcal Lead Compound SK-03-92

Because of the potential of a new anti-staphylococcal lead compound SK-03-92 as a topical antibiotic, a patch, or an orally active drug, we sought to determine its safety profile and oral bioavailability. SK-03-92 had a high IC50 (125 μg/mL) in vitro against several mammalian cell lines, and mice injected intraperiteonally at the highest dose did not exhibit gross toxicity (e.g., altered gait, ungroomed, significant weight loss). Single dose (100 μg/g) pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis with formulated SK-03-92 showed that peak plasma concentration (1.64 μg/mL) was achieved at 20–30 min. Oral relative bioavailability was 8%, and the drug half-life was 20–30 min, demonstrating that SK-03-92 is likely not a candidate for oral delivery. Five-day and two-week PK analyses demonstrated that SK-03-92 plasma levels were low. Multi-dose analysis showed no gross adverse effects to the mice and a SK-03-92 peak plasma concentration of 2.12 μg/mL with the presence of significant concentrations of breakdown products 15 min after dosing. SK-03-92 appeared to be very safe based on tissue culture and mouse gross toxicity determinations, but the peak plasma concentration suggests that a pro-drug of SK-03-92 or preparation of analogs of SK-03-92 with greater bioavailability and longer half-lives are warranted.
Effect of Dietary Phytochemicals on Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders

The widespread prevalence and deleterious effects of MetS have become a major public health challenge as it is associated with the development of type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and age-related neurological disorders. This situation is caused by the consumption of Western diet, which is enriched in saturated and n-6 fatty acids and cholesterol. These dietary components may be responsible for induction of insulin resistance and maintenance of oxidative stress, and inflammation. In contrast, the consumption of diet enriched in fruits (polyphenols), vegetables (fiber), dry fruits (n-3 fatty acids, proteins of plant origin), and whole grains sensitizes insulin and decreases oxidative stress and inflammation by lowering levels of ROS, AGEs, lipid mediators, and cytokines. Thus, lifestyle modifications involving changes in diet and exercise may produce promising effects in managing MetS, diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk, and neurological disorders.
A Brief History of Supreme Court Nominations

This essay provides a brief historical study of the public reaction to several Supreme Court nominees who faced cultural prejudices. It covers the nominations of Chief Justice Roger Taney, who became the first Roman Catholic Justice; Justice Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court; Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first black Justice; and the first Latina to join the Supreme Court, Justice Sonia Sotomayor. The essay concludes with some reflection about how the justices personal backgrounds play into their decisionmaking.
Field carcinogenesis detection for colon cancer screening: A novel applications of biophotonics

Field carcinogenesis represents an important clinical target for biophotonics research potentially providing highly accurate risk stratification which is integral to cancer screening.
The Referring Physician and The Psychiatric Consultant

In a general hospital setting, what patients do physicians refer to their psychiatric colleagues, and why, when and how do they go about this referral? Much of this process hinges on the physician's psychologic makeup; his attitudes toward psychiatry; and, too often perhaps, his misconceptions about psychiatric matters.
Experiential Learning With Children: An Essential Component of Professional Physical Therapy Education.

Purpose:The Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association has developed a number of resources to support and improve the consistency of professional pediatric physical therapy education, including a set of core competencies that all graduates must attain. The purpose of this art
FOOD INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FUTURE1

It is apparent that the food industry of the future will be a dynamic, complex and a large-scale commercial operation. Vertical and horizontal integration will likely increase and thus blur the lines between agricultural production and agricultural processing. The growing need for food can only result in further rapid technological development. Accelerated progress toward more sophisticated, more convenient, nutritious and attractive foods can be expected to result from intensified application of science and technology. The amount of processing, handling and distribution of food will increase as a result of the lengthening distance between producer and consumer. Production of food, water, and energy to do man's work will be of the utmost importance. Nuclear energy will be used in producing man's food and water. Maintaining the safety and wholesomeness of an ever-changing food supply will require increasing emphasis on food sanitation. Quite apart from its importance in supplying world food needs, the food...
Advanced oxidation process and biological treatments for table olive processing wastewaters: constraints and a novel approach to integrated recycling process: a review

Table olive processing wastewaters constitute a dangerous environmental problem in the Mediterranean countries because of their large volumes, high organic matter and salt concentration. The quantity and the characteristics of wastewaters produced, and thus, their environmental impact, varied depending on the season, varieties, soil and process employed. Several chemicals, biological and combined technologies have proven effective at bringing down organic pollution and toxicity of these effluents. Advanced oxidation processes have recognized as highly efficient treatments for the degradation of organic matter. Nonetheless, complete mineralization is generally expensive without salt removal. Biological processes are the most environmentally compatible and least-expensive treatment methods, but these operations do not always provide satisfactory results. This article surveys the current available technologies and suggests an effective, cheaper alternative for the recycling and the valorization of green table olives wastewaters.
Distributed system configuration management using Markov logic networks

Large-scale distributed systems are playing an ever increasing role in computational research, modelling and simulation, information processing, and application hosting, via traditional high performance computing, cloud and data intensive systems. The continuous management of such systems is a critical consideration when focusing on reliability, availability, and security. As the size and complexity of these systems continue to grow, it becomes increasingly difficult to track the multitude of parameters required to ensure optimal performance from the system, especially in those systems that have been built through expansion over time as heterogeneous architectures and not as a single homogeneous platform. In this paper, we discuss the use of Markov logic networks, in a distributed multi-agent system to provide an effective means of managing these parameters. We showcase an example for analysis, providing a comparative illustration of how this approach is resolving differences between various system nodes after identifying potential configuration issues.
Nicotinic modulation of salience network connectivity and centrality in schizophrenia.

Although functional abnormalities of the salience network are associated with schizophrenia, the acute effects of nicotine on its function and network dynamics during the resting state in patients are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of a 7 mg nicotine patch (vs. placebo) on salience network connectivity were examined in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy subjects. We hypothesized abnormal connectivity between the salience network and other major networks (e.g. executive network) in patients under placebo administration and amelioration of this difference after nicotine. We also examined effects of nicotine on betweenness centrality (a measure of the influence of a region on information transfer throughout the brain) and local efficiency (a measure of local information transfer) of the network. A hybrid independent component analysis (ICA)/seed-based connectivity approach was implemented in which the salience network was extracted by ICA and cortical network peaks (anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left and right insula) were used as seeds for whole-brain seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis. Significant drug X diagnosis interactions were observed between the ACC seed and superior parietal lobule and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. A significant interaction effect was also observed between the left insula seed and middle cingulate cortex. During placebo conditions, abnormal connectivity predicted negative symptom severity and lower global functioning in patients. A significant drug X diagnosis interaction was also observed for betweenness centrality of the ACC. These results suggest that nicotine may target abnormalities in functional connectivity between salience and executive network areas in schizophrenia as well as affect the ability of the salience network to act as an integrator of global signaling in the disorder.
Abstract 15: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Confers Late Protection Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Upregulating Interleukin-10

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) induces a prolonged late phase of multi-organ protection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that RIPC confers late protection against myocardial IR injury by upregulating expression of IL-10. Mice were exposed to lower limb RIPC or sham leg ischemia. After 24 h, mice with RIPC demonstrated decreased myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac contractility following 30-min ischemia and 120-min reperfusion (I-30/R-120), accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in the heart. These effects of RIPC were completely blocked by anti-IL-10 receptor antibodies. Moreover, in IL-10 KO mice, RIPC was no longer able to provide cardioprotection against IR injury. IL-10 receptors were expressed in cardiomyocytes under basal conditions. Stimulation with exogenous IL-10 increased Akt phosphorylation and decreased myocardial infarct size after I-30/R-120 in isolated perfused hearts. Wildtype mice with RIPC demonstrated increased plasma IL-10 levels, while in the preconditioned gastrocnemius muscle, the phosphatase PTEN was inactivated and expression of IL-10 was increased through Stat3. Myocyte-specific PTEN inactivation led to increased Stat3 phosphorylation and IL-10 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. Taken together, these results suggest that RIPC induces late protection against myocardial IR injury by increasing expression of IL-10 in the remote muscle, followed by release of IL-10 into the circulation, and activation of protective signaling pathways in the heart. This study provides a scientific basis for the use of RIPC to confer systemic protection against IR injury.
Mechanisms of fast and stringent search in homologous pairing of double-stranded DNA

Self-organization in the cell relies on the rapid and specific binding of molecules to their cognate targets. Correct bindings must be stable enough to promote the desired function even in the crowded and fluctuating cellular environment. In systems with many nearly matched targets, rapid and stringent formation of stable products is challenging. Mechanisms that overcome this challenge have been previously proposed, including separating the process into multiple stages; however, how particular in vivo systems overcome the challenge remains unclear. Here we consider a kinetic system, inspired by homology dependent pairing between double stranded DNA in bacteria. By considering a simplified tractable model, we identify different homology testing stages that naturally occur in the system. In particular, we first model dsDNA molecules as short rigid rods containing periodically spaced binding sites. The interaction begins when the centers of two rods collide at a random angle. For most collision angles, the interaction energy is weak because only a few binding sites near the collision point contribute significantly to the binding energy. We show that most incorrect pairings are rapidly rejected at this stage. In rare cases, the two rods enter a second stage by rotating into parallel alignment. While rotation increases the stability of matched and nearly matched pairings, subsequent rotational fluctuations reduce kinetic trapping. Finally, in vivo chromosome are much longer than the persistence length of dsDNA, so we extended the model to include multiple parallel collisions between long dsDNA molecules, and find that those additional interactions can greatly accelerate the searching.
Asynchronous Geiger-mode APD cameras with free-running InGaAsP pixels (Conference Presentation)

We describe Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) cameras designed with asynchronous free-running operation that supports single-photon direct detection and coherent detection 3D LiDAR imaging as well as free-running applications such as free-space optical communications and target acquisition and tracking. Each free-running pixel in the 32x32 focal plane array performs independent time-of-flight measurements with a selectable reset time between 0.1 and 10 μs. Asynchronous reporting of time-of-flight and pixel location data allows continuous operation for arbitrarily long periods of time at sampling rates exceeding 0.7 Gsample/s. We report results for cameras optimized for operation using either 1.0 or 1.5 μm LiDAR sources.
Atmospherically Processed and Stable Cs-Pb Based Perovskite Solar Cells

In this work, a planar heterojunction superstrate n-i-p device based on Zn(O,S) electron transport layer and CsPbI2Br absorber material at 1.93 eV bandgap is presented. The CsPbI2Br films are deposited using a 2-step atmospheric solution deposition process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Best device with an efficiency of 12.34 % and 11.94% in reverse and forward scans respectively and stabilized power output of 12.14 mW/cm2 has been demonstrated via atmospheric solution processing with minimal hysteresis between forward and reverse scans. The devices show voltage dependent current collection as well as light-dark crossover in forward bias. Light soaking tests at 65 °C and 1-sun at Voc, resulted in open-circuit voltage and fill-factor degradation. Electroluminescence (EL) after 100 hours of light soaking shows a reduction in overall EL intensity as well a shift in emission to lower wavelength. The devices exhibit a positive temperature coefficient of about 0.14 %/°C. It is found that Zn(O,S) is a viable alternative electron transport layer to replace TiO2. By replacing methylammonium cation with cesium and addition of Br has improved the stability of the perovskite phase.
A case of spontaneous coronary artery dissection diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography

Abstract Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is typically diagnosed by invasive coronary angiography. We present a case of SCAD that was diagnosed by coronary CTA after an inconclusive coronary angiogram.
Metastasis and Metastatic Cells: A Historical Perspective and Current Analysis

Tumor metastasis is a complex process by which cells disseminate from their primary site and form secondary tumors at a distant site. Although the mechanisms underlying this multistep process remain to be fully determined, the developmental program epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been attributed to promoting carcinoma invasion and metastasis. In this chapter, we focus on the EMT program and its malignant phenotypes associated with metastasis in several different cancers, as well as key fundamental players including circulating tumor cells, disseminated tumor cells, and cancer stem cells. Metastasis is the major cause of death in the vast majority of cancer patients, and thus a better understanding of the role of these key players will undoubtedly lead to the discovery of much-needed therapeutic interventions targeting metastasis.
Assessment of computerized algorithms by comparing with human observers in binary classification tasks: a simulation study

It is generally recognized that recent advancements in computer vision, especially the development of deep convolutional neural networks, has substantially improved the performance of computerized algorithms in medical imaging for classification tasks such as cancer detection/diagnosis.These advancements underscore the importance of the question of how the computer algorithm’s stand-alone performance compares with the performance of physicians. Current literature often uses descriptive statistics or a visual check of plots for the comparison lacking quantitative and rigorous statistical inference. In this work, we developed a U-statistic based approach to estimate the variance of performance difference between an algorithm and a group of human observers in a binary classification task. The performance metric considered in this work is percent correct (PC), e.g., sensitivity or specificity. Our variance estimation treats both human observers and patient cases as random samples and accounts for both sources of variability, thereby allowing for the conclusion to be generalizable to both the patient and the physician populations. Moreover, we investigated a z -statistic method based on our variance estimator for hypothesis testing. Our simulation results show that our variance estimator for the PC performance difference is unbiased. The normal approximation method using our variance estimator for hypothesis testing appears useful for large sample sizes.
Capgras Syndrome in a 20-Year-Old Woman with DiGeorge Syndrome and Diffuse Brain Calcifications (P1.198)

Objective: NA Background: NA Design/Methods: Case Report Results: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with a history of chronic hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism who was admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit for acute psychosis. Upon psychiatric examination, the patient was found to have the delusion that her mother and aunt had been replaced by identical impostors, resulting in the diagnosis of Capgras syndrome. Neurological examination was significant for reduced fine motor coordination on the nondominant side. A CT-scan of the head revealed she had diffuse intracranial calcifications in bilateral basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cerebellum. A genetic panel returned positive for 22q11.2p deletion via FISH assay, establishing the diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome. This patient had never been diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome before this admission and presented no classic morphological abnormalities. She was treated with second-generation antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and calcitriol. She showed progressive improvement and was discharged with outpatient follow-up and genetic counseling. DiGeorge’s syndrome is usually characterized by facial dysmorphism, cardiac abnormalities, cleft palate, and/or absent or hypoplastic thymus, with potential for hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism. But these features are not always present, and it remains a challenging diagnosis when presenting in an atypical fashion, especially in adolescents and adults. Capgras syndrome is a complex delusion in which patients acquire the delusion that their loved ones – such as family or even pets – have been replaced by lookalikes. It is believed to be a form of emotional prosopagnosia in which visual recognition of faces is inconsistent with emotional recognition. Conclusions: Schizophrenia and other psychosis have been reported in association with DiGeorge syndrome. But this is the first case of Capgras syndrome described in association with it. This illustrates the need for a broad workup, including genetic testing, when dealing with patients presenting with complex metabolic disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Disclosure: Dr. Cavanagh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lasner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seol has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alfonso has nothing to disclose. Dr. Farkas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eggers has nothing to disclose.
Social Circles of Adults with Mental Retardation as Viewed by Their Caregivers

The Social Circles Questionnaire was developed for caregivers to rate the social support provided to adults with mental retardation from their families, workers, friends, and romantic partners. The questionnaire had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability as well as adequate interrater agreement. Results based on caregiver ratings of 121 adults with mental retardation indicate that there is a paucity of social support for individuals in many residential settings, across functioning levels. Caregivers responded with greater uncertainty to questions about friends and partners than they did to questions about staff and family. Results suggest that surveying only secondary sources may provide an incomplete view of the social support system of individuals with mental retardation.
Many-Body Q.E.D.

The contribution of three-body potentials to the binding energy of heavy atoms has been obtained and is found to be well below the accuracy of current calculations.
The association between quality of supernumerary embryos in a cohort and implantation potential of the transferred blastocyst.

Despite studies focused on the association between embryo morphology and implantation potential, it is unknown how the collective quality of the supernumerary embryos in a cohort is associated with the implantation rate (IR) of the transferred embryo. This study tested the hypothesis that a relationship exists between the quality of the supernumerary cohort and IR. A retrospective cohort study of first fresh autologous IVF cycles from 05/2012 to 09/2016, with ≥ 3 blastocysts, resulting in a single blastocyst transfer (n = 819) was performed. Cohorts were grouped in two ways: by mean priority score (PS; 1 being best) of supernumerary embryos and by percent supernumerary embryos with low implantation potential. The relationship between cohort quality and IR was assessed using logistic regression. As mean cohort PS increased, IR of the transferred embryo decreased (test for linear trend, p = 0.05). When ≥ 75% of the supernumerary cohort was predicted to have low implantation potential, IR of the transferred embryo was significantly lower compared to when < 75% of the cohort was predicted to have low implantation potential (OR 0.71; 95% CI (0.53–0.94)). All associations were attenuated when adjusting for PS of the transferred embryo. Our findings suggest that quality of supernumerary embryos is associated with IR of the transferred embryo, among patients with ≥ 3 blastocysts available on day 5. As cohort quality declines and the proportion of low implantation potential embryos increases, the IR of the transferred embryo declines. These associations are attenuated when controlling for quality of the transferred embryo, suggesting that the relationship between embryo cohort quality and implantation is not independent of the transferred embryo quality.
More “Bank” for the Buck: Microtargeting and Normative Appeals to Increase Social Marketing Efficiency

Successful conservation in the United States relies on collective stewardship by millions of private landowners, challenging those agencies and nongovernment organizations tasked with engagement an...
"TEACHING TABLE:" Put Down That Pen! Free Web Tools for Audio-Visual Commenting

Jing is an audio-visual video screen-capture program that allows teachers and students to simultaneously record their voices and computer screen images in five-minute increments. These videos are accessible through a hyperlink posted on the free website host, Screencast.The following are advantages to using Jing:A¢â¬Â¢ Teachers no longer need to write comments.A¢â¬Â¢ A/V commenting provides a stronger personal connection to students.A¢â¬Â¢ A/V commenting takes less time and is more productive. The teacher can more readily pointout patterns of errors and teach a corresponding lesson online. This is particularly helpful forESL students.A¢â¬Â¢ Jing reduces teacher grading burnout because commenting becomes a conversation thataddresses studentsA¢â¬â¢ unique personalities and needs.A¢â¬Â¢ Jing links can be made private (essay comments or test scores) or public (class lessons)through hyperlinks.A¢â¬Â¢ Teachers can supplement in-class lessons or create online lessons with video lectures.A¢â¬Â¢ Video recording can include opening other web windows, Word documents, and databases tolead students to greater comprehension.A¢â¬Â¢ Individual student issues can be addressed through video, which can cut back on conferencescheduling conflicts and lengthy e-mail explanations.A¢â¬Â¢ Teachers can monitor how many times a video is watched.A¢â¬Â¢ Teachers can design assignments that involve students using Jing, such as student PowerPointpresentations or Peer Review.A¢â¬Â¢ Students and teachers can access, pause, and replay videos as many times as they like.
Photosynthesis, Extracellular Release, and Heterotrophy of Dissolved Organic Matter in Rhode River Estuarine Plankton

Rates of phytoplankton photosynthesis, extracellular release of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the assimilation of DOM by bacterioplankton during in situ incubation were measured in the Rhode River estuary. Phytoplankton photosynthesis was in the range of 3 to 147 μg C 1-1 h-1. The release of DOM appeared to be inversely related to the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton. A large percentage of the total carbon (C) fixed was released as 14C-DOM, ranging from 4 to 66 percent of the total. Ultrafiltration was used to fractionate the 14C-DOM into size classes from less than 500 to 300,000 molecular weight (MW). Bacterioplankton readily assimilated a wide range of 14C-DOM MW size fractions. Both photosynthesis and phosphorus uptake were higher in nanoplankton. A positive linear relationship existed between log surface to volume ratio and log phosphorus uptake per biomass of phytoplankton. Bacterioplankton assimilated phosphorus more rapidly than phytoplankton. The species composition of plankton populations also constantly changed. The 14C-DOM represented only 0.4 to 2.3 percent of the total DOM in the Rhode River. Its quantity and quality appear to be determined by the changing phytoplankton population which produces it, and the changing bacterioplankton population which uses it. Preliminary data such as these may yield important insight into changes occurring in metabolic patterns of brackish ecosystems due to biological enrichment with nutrients.
Analysis of mechanical behavior of 3D printed heterogeneous particle-polymer composites

Abstract Additive manufacturing has emerged as a powerful tool for fabrication of heterogeneous particle-polymer composites with enhanced material properties. These synthetic particle-polymer composites are lightweight, tough and showcase remarkable fracture toughness. Yet there is still a big knowledge gap in engineering particle microstructure orientation and loading fraction, to achieve the desired stress-deformation behavior of particle-polymer composites. To close this knowledge gap, it is essential to study the fracture toughness and stress-deformation patterns. Hence, in this paper, we additively manufactured particle-polymer composites with varied particle chain distributions and particle loading fractions, and investigated the mechanical behaviors of those composites both experimentally and analytically. Additionally, we investigated the influence of layer thickness on the Young's modulus and breaking propagation paths of the 3D printed samples. It is observed that the breaking edges remain smooth for parts printed with a small layer thickness and becomes irregular with asymmetrical fractures as the layer thickness is bigger than a critical value. The Young's modulus predicted by Cox-Krenchel model show similar trends as in the experimental results and validates the feasibility of the models in guiding the design of particle distribution, orientation and concentration in heterogeneous particle-polymer composites. Yet a higher modulus is predicted when particle chains are aligned parallel to the force direction, while a much smaller modulus, as small as the modulus of pure polymer, is predicted when particle chains are aligned perpendicular to the force direction. The analytical results of S1-0 and S1-45 composites agree with the experimental results with a deviation of 5.5%. While the analytical results of S1-90 do not agree with the experimental results, mainly due to the weak interfacial bonding between particle chain and polymer in the 3D printed composites. Both analytical and experimental results show that the particle-polymer composites with high particle volume loading fraction and parallel particle chain orientation has the highest stiffness.
A Comparison of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability Indices in Distinguishing Single-Task Driving and Driving Under Secondary Cognitive Workload

Heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) measures collected under actual highway driving from 25 young adults were compared to assess the relative sensitivity of each for distinguishing between a period of single task driving and periods of low and high additional cognitive workload. Basic heart rate, skin conductance and most, but not all, of the HRV indices were significantly different between single task driving and the high secondary demand period. Heart rate and skin conductance were also robust at distinguishing between single task driving and the low added demand period; however, several HRV measures did not show statistically significant differences between these two periods and the remaining HRV measures that did were less robust than basic heart rate as assessed by effect size and observed power. Rather than attempting to argue for the inherent superiority of any one physiological measure, these findings are presented with the intent of encouraging a broader discussion around the conditions under which particular physiological measures may be most useful and/or complementary for detecting different aspects of workload and operator state.
Delta-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films and β-(Al0.26Ga0.74)2O3/β-Ga2O3 heterostructures grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy

We report on the silicon delta doping of metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy grown β-Ga2O3 thin films using silane as a precursor. The delta-doped β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films are characterized using capacitance–voltage profiling and secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. The sheet charge density is in the range of 2.9 × 1012 cm−2 to 9 × 1012 cm−2 with an HWHM (towards the substrate) ranging from 3.5 nm to 6.2 nm. We also demonstrate a high-density (n s: 6.4 × 1012 cm−2) degenerate electron sheet charge in a delta-doped β-(Al0.26Ga0.74)2O3/β-Ga2O3 heterostructure. The total charge could also include a contribution from a parallel channel in the β-(Al0.26Ga0.74)2O3 alloy barrier.
Rapid Development and Deployment of a Learning Management System to Train an Interprofessional Team to Manage Surgery for a COVID-19-Positive Patient.

Background When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, surgical services had to design and implement a new system to safely manage patients and prevent workforce exposure. Methods A team of clinicians and educators rapidly reengineered the surgical care process. An online learning management system (LMS) and authoring tool that supported iterative remote asynchronous communication was used to build a learning module employed to train an interprofessional team to the new care process. Results Care process redesign was accomplished in a concentrated effort involving clinicians and educators. Patient flow and the role of each team member at every phase of care was presented in the LMS. The LMS was refined by input from team members provided through the authoring tool directly to the educator on the screens where the edit was applicable. The LMS was deployed after four days to more than 100 surgical team members who managed their first COVID-19 patient two days later. The number of COVID-19 patients managed was limited, but there were no untoward patient events and no staff exposure. Conclusion Care process reengineering and deployment efforts are accelerated by early involvement of educators and use of an LMS with an authoring tool that supports rapid module build and refinement in a socially distant workplace. The LMS enables access on any online platform at a time convenient to team members who can then learn at their own pace. This reengineering and LMS development approach can be generally applied to speed many care process modification and improvement efforts.
Sex Differences in Ischemic Stroke Readmission Rates and Subsequent Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Abstract Background and Purpose Prior studies examining sex-related risk of readmission for ischemic stroke (IS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) did not adjust for preoperative comorbidities and used small study samples that were single-center or otherwise poorly generalizable. We assessed risk of readmission for IS after CABG for females compared to males in a nationwide sample. Methods The 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database contains data on 49% of all U.S. hospitalizations. We used population weighting to determine national estimates. Using all follow-up data up to 1 year after discharge from CABG hospitalization, we estimated Kaplan-Meier cumulative risk of IS, stratified by sex, using the log-rank test for significance. We created Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IS readmission, with sex as the main independent variable. We ran unadjusted models and models adjusted for age, vascular risk factors, estimated severity of illness and risk of mortality, hospital characteristics, and income quartile of patient's zip code. Results An estimated 53,270 females and 147,396 males survived index CABG admission in 2013. There was a consistently elevated cumulative risk of readmission for IS after CABG for females versus males (log-rank p-value = 0.0014). In the unadjusted Cox model, the HR of IS in females vs. males was 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.62, p = 0.0015). The elevated risk for females remained after adjusting for severity of illness (1.30 [1.08–1.56], p = 0.0056) and risk of mortality (1.28 [1.07–1.54], p = 0.0086). This elevated risk persisted after adjusting for multiple vascular risk factors, hospital characteristics, and income quartile of patient's zip code (1.23 [1.02–1.48], p = 0.03). Conclusions We found a 23% increased risk of readmission for IS up to 1 year after CABG for females compared to males in a fully adjusted model utilizing a large, contemporary, nationwide database. Further research would clarify mechanisms of this increased risk among women.
Convergence in Corporate Governance Toward US Model? Evidence from Global Petroleum Industries

The results of our empirical investigation indicate that, on average, corporate governance features in the 80 largest oil and gas companies around the world have changed considerably in the wake of the landmark case of Enron and the 2008 global financial crisis. Both listed non-U.S. firms and listed U.S. oil and gas firms have increased the proportion of outside directors on the board and have reduced CEO-Chairman duality over the period 2005-2015. This decreasing CEO-Chairman duality trend for listed U.S. firms is more pronounced after 2010 than before, possibly reflecting greater sensitivity toward the role of CEO-Chairman in corporate governance issues. Interestingly, on average, during the period 2005-2015, listed U.S. firms have higher proportions of outside directors on the board than listed non-U.S. firms do, but listed U.S. firms are also more likely to have CEO-chairman duality relative to non-listed U.S. firms. Furthermore, the relatively more stable trend of CEO-Chairman duality in listed non-U.S. firms may imply that the corporate governance trend in the listed U.S. firms may not be followed closely by some listed non-U.S. firms.
Nursing clinical judgement in situations of restraint

Coercive measures such as seclusion and restraint, which are sometimes used in psychiatry, remain current practices. According to literature, these interventions are particularly complex for the nurses implementing them. In situations of seclusion and restraint, these professionals focus in particular on the nurse-patient relationship, the patient's safety and the respect of their humanity. Training is possible to help nurses manage these situations and improve their approach to the clinical judgement.
Advanced space solar dynamic power systems beyond IOC Space Station

Three different solar dynamic power cycle systems were evaluated for application to missions projected beyond the IOC Space Station. All three systems were found to be superior to two photovoltaic systems (a planar silicon array and a GaAs concentrator array), with both lower weight and area. The alkali-metal Rankine cycle was eliminated from consideration due to low performance, and the Stirling cycle was found to be superior to the closed Brayton cycle in both weight and area. LiF salt, which establishes peak cycle temperatures for both of the considered cycles at about 1090 K, was shown to be the most suitable material for Thermal Energy Storage.
Preoperative Evaluation and Documentation in Upper Blepharoplasty

Dermatochalasis may result in functional visual field obstruction or an aesthetically displeasing redundancy and fullness to the upper eyelids. Preoperative evaluation should include careful consideration of dry eye history, lagophthalmos, tear meniscus, skin and fat redundancy, eyebrow height and contour, gender differences, eyelid crease position, epicentral folds, and preoperative asymmetries.
Geregelte arbeitsteilige Anwendungssysteme

Die im vorangegangenen Kapitel beschriebene Fallstudie stellt ein konkretes Beispiel eines geregelten arbeitsteiligen Anwendungssystems dar. In diesem Kapitel wird die Fallstudie im Hinblick auf geregelte arbeitsteilige Anwendungssysteme generell interpretiert. Es wird zunachst eine Begriffsdefinition fur die geregelten arbeitsteiligen Anwendungssysteme als Problemstellung dieser Arbeit vorgenommen, um im weiteren Verlauf von einer Klasse von zu unterstutzenden Anwendungssystemen ausgehen zu konnen. Daran anschliesend wird auf spezielle Anforderungen an einen Systemmechanismus zur Unterstutzung dieser Anwendungsklasse und die Nutzeffekte eines solchen Mechanismus eingegangen. Das Kapitel schliest mit einer Abgrenzung der geregelten arbeitsteiligen Anwendungssysteme von anderen Formen arbeitsteiliger Anwendungsysteme, die in der Literatur haufig auch als kooperative Anwendungssysteme bezeichnet werden.
Orbital deployment of very long tethered structures

Earth-pointing satellites joined by tether, discussing reel back and drag brake orbital deployment techniques and dynamic behavior
Lykken, David T. (1928–2006)

David T. Lykken (1928–2006) was a seminal figure in American psychology. His interests were diverse and widespread, leading to publications in behavior genetics, research methods, personality, psychophysiology, and psychopathology. Key contributions included advancing a theory of psychopathy that has profoundly influenced the field for over a half century, generating the concept of emergenesis to explain why some traits are heritable yet do not run in families, exposing how conventional lie detector tests were biased against truthful people, developing the guilty knowledge test to assess recognition memory, introducing the “set-point” theory of happiness to explain why wellbeing is trait-like despite changes in life circumstances, establishing standards for electrodermal measurement, and characterizing what constitutes meaningful replication of experimental results in psychology. Keywords: behavioral genetics; individual differences; abnormal
Isolation and Characterization of the Outer Membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 2686, colonial type 4, was isolated from spheroplasts formed by the action of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and lysozyme. Isopycnic centrifugation of osmotically ruptured spheroplasts resolved the cell envelope into two main membrane fractions. Chemical and enzymatic analyses were used to characterize these isolated membranes. Succinic dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase, and d-lactate dehydrogenase were localized in the membrane fraction of buoyant density, rho degrees = 1.141 g/cm(3). Lipopolysaccharide and over half of the cell envelope protein were associated with the membrane that banded in sucrose at rho degrees = 1.219 g/cm(3). These fractions were consequently designated cytoplasmic and outer or L-membrane, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis of isolated membranes demonstrated the relative simplicity of the protein spectrum of the outer membrane. The majority of the protein in this membrane could be accounted for by proteins of molecular weights 34,500, 22,000, and 11,500. The protein of molecular weight 34,500 accounted for 66% of the total protein of the L-membrane. Isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.6 with 10% acetic acid selectively removed this protein from a 150 mM NaCl in 10 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride, pH 7.4, extract of purified outer membrane. At pH 4.0, the other proteins of the L-membrane were precipitated. It was concluded that the membrane components of the cell envelope of N. gonorrhoeae were similar to those of other gram-negative bacteria. The cell envelope fractions described here, in particular the outer membrane, are sufficiently well defined to provide a valuable tool for future biochemical and immunological studies on N. gonorrhoeae.
On the Isotope Effect in Hydrogen Embrittlement of Niobium.

The isotope effect was examined using NbH/sub 0/./sub 01/ and NbD/sub 0/./sub 013/. Tension tests at 77/sup 0/K and 2 x 10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/ strain rate resulted in primarily cleavage fracture (with some ductility) for NbH/sub 0/./sub 01/ and ductile fracture for NbD/sub 0/./sub 013/. High strain rate (2 x 10/sup -1/ s/sup -1/) at 77/sup 0/K resulted in decreased strain to failure for NbH/sub 0/./sub 01/, NbD/sub 0/./sub 013/, and pure Nb; NbH/sub 0/./sub 01/ showed cleavage fracture while NbD/sub 0/./sub 013/ failed in mixed cleavage-ductile mode. Results are consistent with the slower diffusivity of D which prevents hydrides from being formed at the propagating crack. (DLC)
EPR ofMn2+-doped Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, Mg(CH3COO)2·4H2O, and Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O:Mn2+-Ni2+exchange constant

$X$-band EPR measurements on ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$-doped single crystals of Zn ${({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O})}_{2}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${2\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, Mg ${({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O})}_{2}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${4\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, and Ni ${({\mathrm{CH}}_{3}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{O})}_{2}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${4\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O have been performed at room, liquid-nitrogen, and liquid-helium temperatures. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters are estimated by the use of a rigorous least-squares-fitting technique especially adapted to electron-nuclear spin-coupled systems, on a digital computer. The ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$-${\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}$ exchange constant, using the shift of $g$ value in the paramagnetic nickel salt from that in the isostructural magnesium salt at liquid-helium temperature, has been determined to be 3.81 GHz.