cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The stability of pectolytic enzymes in sulphite liquor in relation to breakdown of sulphited strawberries

The stability of pectate and pectin depolymerising enzymes produced by Mucor piriformis, Rhizopus sexualis, R. stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea, Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichosporon pullulans and Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus in sulphite liquor was studied in relation to the breakdown of sulphited fruit. Marked breakdown of fruit occurred only when pectolytic activity could be detected in the liquor for more than 2 weeks using a viscometric assay. Of the fungi tested Rhizopus spp. produced enzymes which were most stable in sulphite liquor. For each of the Mucor and Rhizopus species tested, the stability of polygalacturonases in sulphite liquor was very similar for extracts of infected fruit and culture filtrates. The rapid decrease in polygalacturonase activity for both systems in the first 48 h contrasted with a slower inactivation where infected tissue was used. The reasons for this are discussed and it is suggested that sulphite labile (= acid labile) and sulphite stable (= acid stable) forms of the polygalacturonases are present.
Investigation of alumina-supported Au catalyst for CO oxidation by isotopic transient analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Alumina-supported Au particles (1.16 wt %) were prepared by a deposition−precipitation method involving a HAuCl4 precursor. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Au LIII edge was used to monitor the...
Reduction of distress associated with paediatric bone marrow transplant: complementary health promotion interventions.

Despite numerous medical advances in stem cell/bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for children with malignancies or other catastrophic disorders, BMT remains a prolonged and physically demanding procedure that can be associated with high levels of distress for patients and their families. This paper reviews work from our laboratory that documents the high levels of somatic distress and mood disturbance experienced by patients undergoing the procedure, and points to the need for the development of novel interventions to reduce BMT-related distress. Issues of instrumentation and methodology for outcomes assessment are highlighted. Research is reviewed to support the potential benefits of a number of techniques from the field of complementary medicine (relaxation/imagery; massage, humour therapy, expressive therapy) for reduction of transplant-related distress. Finally, we described a series of studies in which complementary health promotion techniques were assessed in pilot trials. Based on patient and paren...
Nitric Oxide as a Potential Bridge Between the Metabolic and Vascular Hypotheses of Diabetic Neuropathy

Both metabolic and vascular factors have been invoked in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy but their interrelationships are poorly understood. Both aldose reductase inhibitors and vasodilators improve nerve conduction velocity, nerve blood flow, and (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity in the streptozotocin diabetic rat, implying a metabolic-vascular interaction. Nitric oxide may be the 'bridge' linking these divergent hypotheses of diabetic neuropathy. We propose a model for the pathogenesis of neuropathy invoking metabolic defects both at a vascular and neurochemical level. Early after the induction of experimental diabetes, metabolic defects may lead to a decrease in synthesis of nitric oxide in either the vascular endothelium or the sympathetic ganglia leading to decreased nerve blood flow. In addition, nitric oxide may be involved in more distal defects of somatic nerve metabolism which impair the activity of the nerve Na/K-ATPase by a mechanism involving phosphoinositide signaling and diacyl glycerol and may therefore affect nerve conduction velocity independently of ischaemia. Improved understanding of the effects of hyperglycaemia on nitric oxide metabolism, may provide important clues elucidating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Teaching the English Articles as a Binary System

The English article system can be taught as a binary division between classification (a and 0) and identification (the). All the other elements of article usage can be understood within this framework, allowing a one form/one function correspondence for a and the. Furthermore, the notions of classification and identification can be introduced as distinct concepts before the various rules for article usage are taught. This simplified schema is presented as a pedagogical tool for selecting the appropriate article, a universally acknowledged difficulty for nonnative speakers of English.
A new stochastic formulation of a population growth problem

Abstract A stochastic formulation of a population growth problem is presented which results in a stochastic integral equation of the Volterra type of the form b(t; ω) = g(t; ω) + ∫ 0 t k(t, τ; ω)b(τ; ω) dτ , t ⩾ 0 , where ω ∈ Ω , the supporting set of the complete probability measure space (Ω, A, P) . Conditions are given concerning the population death rate and the number of offspring produced by an individual aged t which guarantee the existence of a unique random solution , b ( t ; ω ), the rate of new births in the population at time t . The concepts of admissibility theory and probabilistic functional analysis which were used by Tsokos [ Math Systems Theory 3 , 222–231 (1969)] are utilized to obtain the conditions. An example is also given for a hypothetical biological population.
Positive and Negative Affectivity and Facet Satisfaction: A Meta-analysis

Although several studies have investigated the dispositional approach to global job satisfaction, less direct attention has been given to the relationship between dispositions and facet satisfaction. The current meta-analysis examined the relationships of trait positive affectivity (PA) and trait negative affectivity (NA) with satisfaction toward the following five job facets: work itself, supervision, co-workers, pay and promotion. In general, results suggested the presence of a dispositional component to facet satisfaction. Moderator analyses examined whether the strength of these relationships depended on the particular scales used to assess dispositions.
Integrated Reliability Solutions for New Component Development and Designs Optimization

New engine control module products require most reliable, smallest pad size for new 0402 leadless components implementation. Cycle time and cost reduction is the major demand in the new product prototype development and design of experiments. An integrated quality and reliability modeling methodology has been applied for evaluating the new leadless component pad stack designs in PWB/Rigidizer engine module products for optimal process solderability and reliability performance. Simulations combine analyses of process defect root cause, high volume manufacturability, and thermal fatigue life to derive optimal design solutions of pad stack and manufacturing process requirement. This integrated quality and reliability simulations has enabled a significant cycle time reduction by performing virtual design of experiments for the new component pad stack designs.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Child Sexual Abuse Survivors with Dissociative Amnesia: What's the Difference?

Although the issue of dissociative amnesia in adult survivors of child sexual abuse has been contentious, many research studies have shown that there is a subset of child sexual abuse survivors who have forgotten their abuse and later remembered it. Child sexual abuse survivors with dissociative amnesia histories have different formative and therapeutic issues than survivors of child sexual abuse who have had continuous memory of their abuse. This article first discusses those differences in terms of the moderating risk factors for developing dissociative amnesia (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, etc.) and then mediating risk factors (e.g., social support, trait dissociativity, etc.). The differences between the two types of survivors are then explored in terms of treatment issues.
Formal Techniques for Protocol Specification and Verification

Certain formal approaches, such as transition techniques and reachability analysis, show promising results when applied to protocol specification and verification.
Capacitively coupled quantum dots as a single-electron switch

A double quantum dot in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure with strong interdot capacitance but no interdot tunneling can be constructed using a floating metal gate that covers both dots and an etched trench between the dots that prevents tunneling. The interdot capacitance CINT=0.34CΣ between Dots 1 and 2, measured using the Coulomb blockade, was significantly larger than that measured for similar dots without a floating gate. When a single electron is added to Dot 1 the charge couples to Dot 2, and vice versa, causing the Coulomb blockade peaks to split. The change in dot conductance from peak splitting can be as large as two orders of magnitude, allowing the double dot to be used as a single-electron switch. The split conductance peaks observed for weak tunneling from each dot to its leads were fit by a thermally broadened line shape, and good agreement with the data was found. Charge fluctuations induced by stronger tunneling from Dot 2 to its leads softened the splitting transition on Dot 1 that was maintained in the weak tunneling regime. Under the same conditions the splitting for Dot 2 remained sharp.
A shift in the perceived simultaneity of adjacent visual stimuli following adaptation to stroboscopic motion along the same axis.

Abstract Adaptation to stroboscopic motion affects the perceived temporal order of two adjacent stimuli presented along the same axis. The extent of shift appears to be independent of the duration of adaptation and under the conditions studied was 3–6 msec in a direction consistent with a cancellation of the motion aftereffect. There was no effect upon the locus of simultaneity when adapting stroboscopic motion was orthogonal to that of the test stimulus.
Pricing life insurance under stochastic mortality via the instantaneous Sharpe ratio

Abstract We develop a pricing rule for life insurance under stochastic mortality in an incomplete market by assuming that the insurance company requires compensation for its risk in the form of a pre-specified instantaneous Sharpe ratio. Our valuation formula satisfies a number of desirable properties, many of which it shares with the standard deviation premium principle. The major result of the paper is that the price per contract solves a linear partial differential equation as the number of contracts approaches infinity. One can represent the limiting price as an expectation with respect to an equivalent martingale measure. Via this representation, one can interpret the instantaneous Sharpe ratio as a market price of mortality risk. Another important result is that if the hazard rate is stochastic, then the risk-adjusted premium is greater than the net premium, even as the number of contracts approaches infinity. Thus, the price reflects the fact that systematic mortality risk cannot be eliminated by selling more life insurance policies. We present a numerical example to illustrate our results, along with the corresponding algorithms.
Expression of the ErbB family of receptors in ovarian cancer

To characterize the relative levels of the ErbB family of receptors and their relationship to one another in ovarian cancer. A total of 17 serous cystadenocarcinonas were analyzed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R or ErbB-1) and ErbB-2, ErB-3, and ErbB-4 receptor expression by Western blot analysis. Receptor levels were quantified by densitometry and expressed as relative densitometry units nomalized to the level of α-tubulin. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze receptor group differences. A value of P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. All 17 tumors expressed detectable levels of EGF-R, ErbB-2, and ErbB-3, but ErbB-4 expression was not detected. EGF-R levels correlated with ErbB-2 (r = .70, P < .01) and ErbB-3 (r= .52, P < .05) levels. The highest correlation was obtained between the levels of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 (r = 0.81, P < .001). This study indicates an association between the levels of ErbB receptor family members in ovarian cancer. This association suggests that one or more coordinated regulatory mechanisms may be involved in determining their relative expression levels to one another.
Performance comparisons of image communication networks

We have evaluated the performance of Ethernet, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) and Canstar Super 100 networks in a multimodal Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) environmenl image data transfer rates were measured for SUN workstations and PC/ATs running TCP/IP communication protocols. The communication between two computers was on a server-client basis and all transfer rates were measured between computer memories in order to eliminate the bottleneck imposed by storage devices. Four test models were used to evaluate the performance of the three individual networks: bidirectional, centralized parallel and relay models. This paper describes the methods of network throughput evaluation using these four models and presents the resulting performance data for the three networks tested.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Supporting the research process through expanded library data services

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how the authors gained a better understanding of the variety of library users' data needs, and how gradually some new data services were established based on current capabilities.Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a case study of the new data services at the John Cotton Dana Library, at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark campus, to demonstrate the possible ways to extend data reference services and provide data computing services. A content analysis of services records shows how each user group falls into the multiple data services levels and subcategories.Findings – Library users can be classified into many different categories, and each of these may have different needs. Research centers might have big projects involving data gathering and applications where a librarian can mainly provide consultation; while an individual faculty member or student might need the librarians as research partners, with help for their specific pr...
Clinical Proteomics: From Biomarker Discovery and Cell Signaling Profiles to Individualized Personal Therapy

The discovery of new highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for early disease detection and risk stratification coupled with the development of personalized ‘‘designer’’ therapies holds the key to future treatment of complex diseases such as cancer. Mounting evidence confirms that the low molecular weight (LMW) range of the circulatory proteome contains a rich source of information that may be able to detect early stage disease and stratify risk. Current mass spectrometry (MS) platforms can generate a rapid and high resolution portrait of the LMW proteome. Emerging novel nanotechnology strategies to amplify and harvest these LMW biomarkers in vivo or ex vivo will greatly enhance our ability to discover and characterize molecules for early disease detection, subclassification and prognostic capability of current proteomics modalities. Ultimately genetic mutations giving rise to disease are played out and manifested on a protein level, involving derangements in protein function and information flow within diseased cells and the interconnected tissue microenvironment. Newly developed highly sensitive, specific and linearly dynamic reverse phase protein microarray systems are now able to generate circuit maps of information flow through phosphoprotein networks of pure populations of microdissected tumor cells obtained from patient biopsies. We postulate that this type of enabling technology will provide the foundation for the development of individualized combinatorial therapies of molecular inhibitors to target tumor-specific deranged pathways regulating key biologic processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity and metastasis. Hence future therapies will be tailored to the specific deranged molecular circuitry of an individual patient’s disease. The successful transition of these groundbreaking proteomic technologies from research tools to integrated clinical diagnostic platforms will require ongoing continued development, and optimization with rigorous standardization development and quality control procedures.
A Transposon in Comt Generates mRNA Variants and Causes Widespread Expression and Behavioral Differences among Mice

Background Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of dopamine and norepinephrine. COMT activity influences cognitive and emotional states in humans and aggression and drug responses in mice. This study identifies the key sequence variant that leads to differences in Comt mRNA and protein levels among mice, and that modulates synaptic function and pharmacological and behavioral traits. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined Comt expression in multiple tissues in over 100 diverse strains and several genetic crosses. Differences in expression map back to Comt and are generated by a 230 nt insertion of a B2 short interspersed element (B2 SINE) in the proximal 3′ UTR of Comt in C57BL/6J. This transposon introduces a premature polyadenylation signal and creates a short 3′ UTR isoform. The B2 SINE is shared by a subset of strains, including C57BL/6J, A/J, BALB/cByJ, and AKR/J, but is absent in others, including DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, SJL/J, and wild subspecies. The short isoform is associated with increased protein expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus relative to the longer ancestral isoform. The Comt variant causes downstream differences in the expression of genes involved in synaptic function, and also modulates phenotypes such as dopamine D1 and D2 receptor binding and pharmacological responses to haloperidol. Conclusions/Significance We have precisely defined the B2 SINE as the source of variation in Comt and demonstrated that a transposon in a 3′ UTR can alter mRNA isoform use and modulate behavior. The recent fixation of the variant in a subset of strains may have contributed to the rapid divergence of inbred strains.
The CDK domain of p21 is a suppressor of IL-1β-mediated inflammation in activated macrophages

Significant morbidity and mortality can be attributed to inflammatory diseases; therefore, a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the progression of inflammation is crucial. Here, we demonstrate that p21((WAF1/CIP1)), an established suppressor of cell cycle progression, is a inhibitor of IL-1beta synthesis in macrophages. Mice deficient in p21 (p21(-/-)) display increased susceptibility to endotoxic shock, which is associated with increased serum levels of IL-1beta. Administration of IL-1 receptor antagonist reduces LPS-induced lethality in p21(-/-) mice. Analysis of isolated macrophages, which are one of the central producers of IL-1beta, reveals that deficiency for p21 led to more IL-1beta mRNA and pro-protein synthesis following TLR ligation. The increase in IL-1beta pro-protein is associated with elevated secretion of active IL-1beta by p21(-/-) macrophages. siRNA-mediated knockdown of p21 in human macrophages results in increased IL-1beta secretion as well. A peptide mapping strategy shows that the cyclin-dependent-kinase (CDK)-binding domain of p21 is sufficient to reduce the secretion of IL-1beta by p21(-/-) macrophages. These data suggest a novel role for p21 and specifically for the CDK-binding domain of p21((WAF1/CIP1)) in inhibiting inflammation.
Electromagnetic methods for mapping freshwater lenses on Micronesian atoll islands

Abstract The overall shape of freshwater lenses can be determined by applying electromagnetic methods and inverse layered-earth modeling to the mapping of atoll island freshwater lenses. Conductivity profiles were run across the width of the inhabited islands at Mwoakilloa, Pingelap, and Sapwuahfik atolls of the Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia using a dual-loop, frequency-domain, electromagnetic profiling system. Six values of apparent conductivity were recorded at each sounding station and were used to interpret layer conductivities and/or thicknesses. A three-layer model that includes the unsaturated, freshwater, and saltwater zones was used to simulate apparent-conductivity data measured in the field. Interpreted results were compared with chloride-concentration data from monitoring wells and indicate that the interface between freshwater and saltwater layers, defined from electromagnetic data, is located in the upper part of the transition zone, where the chloride-concentration profile shows a rapid increase with depth. The electromagnetic method can be used to interpret the thickness of the freshwater between monitoring wells, but can not be used to interpret the thickness of freshwater from monitoring wells to the margin of an island.
Simulating full-waveform lidar

A simple Monte Carlo model of laser propagation through a tree is presented which allows the simulation of fullwaveform LIDAR signatures. The model incorporates a LIDAR system and a 'natural' scene, including an atmosphere, tree and ground surface. The PROSPECT leaf reflectance model is incorporated to determine leaf radiometric properties. Changes in the scene such as varying material reflectance properties, sloped vs. flat ground, and comparisons of tree 'leaf-on' vs. 'leaf-off' conditions have been analyzed. Changes in the LIDAR system have also been studied, including the effects of changing laser wavelength, shape and length of transmitted pulses, and angle of transmission. Results of some of these simulations are presented.
Generating association graphs of non-cooccurring text objects using transitive methods

In this paper we discuss text data mining (TDM) mainly in the context of the biomedical domain, where we extract associations from MEDLINE text articles and construct association graphs. We explore two techniques, the co-occurrence method and transitive method. We propose a novel transitive method of finding associations that does not rely on meta-data, and compare the results with another known transitive method that uses metadata in text, to find a link/relationship between objects of interest. Co-occurrence of these terms (objects) is not required in the transitive methods to find out that they are associated. The results show that our proposed new method is as accurate as the known method that uses meta-data. This, in turn, implies that relationships can be discovered even when meta-data is not available or incomplete. A case study of a transitive association between a pair of genes (BRCAI---STATI) is also carried out to illustrate the effective hypothesis generating ability of our method. Based on the results, we conclude that our method can be used effectively for association extraction and also for hypothesis generation, which can later be validated through biological experimental analysis.
Detecting change in a time-series (Corresp.)

A method is presented which provides a criterion for detecting a change in the structure of a model generating a stochastic sequence. Models that can be represented by a sequence of predictive probability distributions are considered. The method is based on the transformation of the observed sequence \{x_{n}\} into a sequence of partial sums of the general innovations, computed for the sequence \{-\log f(x_{n}|x_{n-1},x_{n-2}, \cdots ,x_{0})\} . If no change occurs the transformed sequence behaves like a Wiener process, but its mean will exhibit a monotonic growth after the process changes. Based on the properties of this transformation, fixed sample size and sequential tests for the change are constructed. The technique is applied to test for a change in the mean vector in a sequence of (generally dependent) Gaussian random variables, a change of coefficients of an autoregressive process, and a change of distribution in a sequence of discrete independent identically distributed random variables.
Intensity correlation time of an optical field

Abstract A measure of the time for which intensity correlations persist in a stationary optical field, suitable for both classical and quantum fields, is proposed, and illustrated by several examples.
Validity of family history data on severe headache and migraine

This study evaluated the validity of family history data on severe headache and migraine obtained from adult probands with epilepsy in a family study of seizure disorders. We compared the probands9 reports of severe headaches and migraines in their parents and full siblings with symptom-based diagnoses based on self-reports. Overall sensitivity was 48% for severe headache and 44% for migraine. When we used reports of severe headaches to screen for migraine headaches in the relatives, sensitivity was 56%. These results indicate that severe headache and migraine are underreported in family history interviews with first-degree relatives. To obtain accurate information on headaches in families for clinical practice and genetic research, direct interviews with each relative may be required.
Nonlinear systems control using equilibrium paths

A method for the control of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) between equilibrium states is introduced. The idea is to control the system such that, during its transition from the initial to the final equilibrium, its state space trajectory is close to an equilibrium path to which the two states belong. The transition can be conducted in a quasi-stationary manner, which has many practical advantages.
Role of cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention in the preoperative assessment and management of patients before orthotopic liver transplantation

Limited data regarding the optimal risk assessment strategy for evaluating candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) exist. Our center has adopted a policy of performing cardiac catheterization (CATH) in patients with predefined risk factors, and this is followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) when it is indicated, even in the presence of negative stress test findings. The aim of this single-center, retrospective study of all patients who underwent OLT between 2000 and 2010 was to assess the effect of our policy on cardiovascular (CV) complications and survival rates after OLT. Data, including 1-year all-cause and CV mortality, postoperative myocardial infarctions (MIs), and frequencies of CATH and PCI, were abstracted. The study was divided into 3 subperiods to reflect the changes in policy over this period: (A) 2000-2004, (B) 2005-2008, and (C) 2009-2010. One thousand two hundred twenty-one patients underwent OLT between 2000 and 2010. The rate of catheterization increased during the 3 time periods (P < 0.001), as did the rate of PCI (P < 0.05). All-cause mortality decreased over the periods (P < 0.001), as did the MI rate (P < 0.001). Thirty-five of the 57 patients requiring PCI had normal stress tests. The mortality rate associated with postoperative MIs was significantly higher than the overall all-cause mortality rate. In conclusion, a significant improvement in the overall survival rate over the 3 analyzed time periods was noted. Increases in the frequencies of CATH and PCI corresponded to significant reductions in postoperative MIs and 1-year all-cause mortality rates. The increased use of CATH and PCI was associated with reduced overall all-cause mortality through reductions in the incidence of both fatal and nonfatal MIs. Further analyses of the role of stress testing and CATH in evaluating and treating patients before OLT are required to optimize this process. Liver Transpl 20:664-672, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
Optogenetic inhibition of cocaine seeking in rats

Inhibitory optogenetics was used to examine the roles of the prelimbic cortex (PL), the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) and the PL projections to the NAcore in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Rats were microinjected into the PL or NAcore with an adeno-associated virus containing halorhodopsin or archaerhodopsin. After 12 days of cocaine self-administration, followed by extinction training, animals underwent reinstatement testing along with the presence/absence of optically induced inhibition via laser light. Bilateral optical inhibition of the PL, NAcore or the PL fibers in the NAcore inhibited the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
Vagaries of elastomer service life predictions

Abstract Generally, the useful life of a rubber component is governed by its susceptibility to failure by either mechanical or chemical deterioration. There are well established laboratory tests to address the failure properties of elastomers – fracture mechanics analyses for mechanical durability and accelerated aging tests for chemical degradation. However, laboratory predictions are reliable only to the extent that the relevant failure mechanisms are identified and all contributing factors are accounted for. This paper describes two case studies, one concerning fatigue failure of an elastomeric mechanical capacitor and the other thermal oxidation of a radiant heating hose. Ironically only the latter case, in which redundant laboratory testing provided accurate lifetime predictions, involved product failure with consequent extraordinary financial losses.
Studies in Phenomenology and Psychology

Acknowledgments: Introduction.- Some Aspects and Developments of Gestalt Psychology.- The Place of Psychology in the System of Sciences.- Goldstein's Conception of Biological Science.- The Phenomenological and the Psychological Approach to Consciousness.- Critical Study of Husserl's Nachwort.- The Problem of Existence in Constitutive Phenomenology.- On the Intentionality of Consciousness.- On the Object of Thought.- The Kantian and Husserlian Conceptions of Consciousness.- Phenomenology of Thematics and of the Pure Ego: Studies of the Relation between Gestalt Theory and Phenomenology.- A Non-egological Conception of Consciousness.- William James's Theory of the 'Transitive Parts' of the Stream of Consciousness to the Stream of Consciousness.- Contribution to the Phenomenological Theory of Perception Philosophical Presuppositions of Logic.- Gelb-Goldstein's Concept of 'Concrete' and 'Categorial' Attitude and the Phenomenology of Ideation.- On a Perceptual Root of Abstraction.- On the Conceptual Consciousness.- The Last Work of Edmund Husserl.- Index.
Localized Support Vector Machines for Classification

Support vector machines (SVMs) have been promising methods in pattern recognition because of their solid mathematical foundation. In this paper, we propose a localized SVM classification scheme (LSVM). In which we first cluster the training data in each category, and then train a set of SVMs based on these dusters. The SVMs trained from the clusters in each category that are nearest to the given input pattern are then selected for the final classification. Our experiments on six UCI datasets show that LSVM outperforms the traditional SVM.
Spiritual Care Matters

Abstract Helping theories are applied in the context of faith and its relationship to healing and rehabilitation. Spirituality is presented as a potential resource for persons who experience disability. Spiritual care is particularly helpful if nurtured (in appropriate ways) by the rehabilitation professional.
Predictors of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy: an analysis of the society of thoracic surgeons general thoracic database.

Background Anastomotic leak is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after esophagectomy. Few studies have targeted risk factors for the development of leak after esophagectomy. The purpose of this study is to use The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database to identify variables associated with leak after esophagectomy. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database was queried for patients treated with esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between 2001 and 2011. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variables associated with an increased risk anastomotic leak was performed. Results There were 7,595 esophagectomies, with 804 (10.6%) leaks. Thirty-day mortality and length of stay were higher for patients with anastomotic leak. Mortality in patients requiring surgical management was 11.6% (38 of 327) compared with 4.4% (20 of 458) in medically managed leaks (p Conclusions Anastomotic leak after esophagectomy is an important cause of postoperative mortality and increased length of stay. We have identified important risk factors for the development of esophageal anastomotic leak after esophagectomy. Further studies aimed at risk reduction are warranted.
A phase noise spectrum test solution for high volume mixed signal/wireless automatic test equipments

To meet growing demands on a phase noise test solution for high volume radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), a phase noise analyzer based on a delay line FM demodulator operating at an intermediate frequency (IF) has been developed as an extension to an existing mixed-signal/wireless IC tester. The significant results from this effort are twofold. Firstly, the results from the first two devices show that it offers a unique set of performance trade-offs among accuracy, capital cost, throughput & measurement variance expected from the high volume production environment. Secondly, a detailed examination of IF based delay line FM demodulator revealed a significant set of instrumentation & calibration design issues which have not been fully explored by the previous works on this topic.
Macroeconomic instability, migration, and the option value of education. ∗

We explore the relation between variability in the rate of return to human capital and investment in education in the context of migration. Specifically, we show that if migration is a possibility, such variability in the rate of return to human capital can induce residents of developing countries to make greater in- vestments in education. Moreover, providing that education is relatively costly, variability in the return to human capital may increase the average level of ed- ucation in a developing economy even after expected migration is netted out. Finally, our findings are shown to have explanatory power in relation to educa- tion and migratory patterns of minorities.
Resolvin D1 and Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 Promote Resolution of Allergic Airways Responses

Asthma is a disease of airway inflammation that in most cases fails to resolve. The resolution of inflammation is an active process governed by specific chemical mediators, including D-series resolvins. In this study, we determined the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) and aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) on the development of allergic airway responses and their resolution. Mice were allergen sensitized, and RvD1, AT-RvD1 (1, 10, or 100 ng), or vehicle was administered at select intervals before or after aerosol allergen challenge. RvD1 markedly decreased airway eosinophilia and mucus metaplasia, in part by decreasing IL-5 and IκBα degradation. For the resolution of established allergic airway responses, AT-RvD1 was even more efficacious than RvD1, leading to a marked decrease in the resolution interval for lung eosinophilia, decrements in select inflammatory peptide and lipid mediators, and more rapid resolution of airway hyperreactivity to methacholine. Relative to RvD1, AT-RvD1 resisted metabolic inactivation by macrophages, and AT-RvD1 significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-OVA-coated beads in vitro and in vivo, a new proresolving mechanism for the clearance of allergen from the airways. In conclusion, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 can serve as important modulators of allergic airway responses by decreasing eosinophils and proinflammatory mediators and promoting macrophage clearance of allergen. Together, these findings identify D-series resolvins as potential proresolving therapeutic agents for allergic responses.
Economic Implications of Policy Proposals for a Dairy Diversion Program

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the simultaneous implications of a voluntary diversion program on US milk supply, demand, and price. The study employed a quarterly econometric model to simulate likely impacts. Two diversion programs were designed, one with a $10.10 support price and the other at $11.10. Both required reduced government purchases of dairy products to 2 million tonnes (total solids basis). The results suggest that program goals should be well defined under any proposed diversion program. If the only program goal is to reduce dairy program costs, a 2% reduction in 1992 production from 1991 levels would be sufficient. However, if program goals also include a rise in farm-level milk prices, then an increase in the support price is also needed. The results indicate that a 7% diversion is required to reduce government purchases to 2 million tonnes under an $11.10 support price.
Development of Hydrotaea aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae) in manure of unweaned dairy calves and lactating cows

In laboratory studies performed in the United States and Hungary, the dump fly Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) was reared successfully in manure of 1- to 8-wk-old dairy calves, and in manure from adult lactating dairy cows. Survival in manure collected from 1-wk-old calves was poor (7.2%), better in manure collected from 2- and 3-wk-old calves (53.5%), and best in manure collected from 4- to 8-wk-old calves (71.4%). Survival in cow manure was slightly lower (47.4%) than that in calf manure. Reasons for different rates of development in the United States and in Hungary, and by calf age are discussed as are implications for biological control.
Effective methods of marketing management

The growing competitive background, increasing of saturation on the Czech market and changes of purchase behaviour of Czech consumers constrains to find new forms of marketing management. Especially by foreign companies on the Czech market we can find using of new effective complex methods known as: ECR -Efficient Consumer Response, EDI - Electronic Data Interchange and category management. The contribution deal with one of them: category management. The application of a.m. method is assigned on example of trade company Makro CR, s.r.o. in category ,,butters an oils". The application of category management is divided into 8 parts: definition, role, valuation, measuring of efficiency, strategy, tactics, implementation and appreciation of category.
Bayesian LASSO in a distributed architecture

We present a distributed framework for finding the full posterior distribution associated with LASSO problems. We leverage our recent results of formulating Bayesian inference as a KL divergence minimization problem that can be solved with linear algebra updates and a series of convex point estimation problems. We show that drawing samples from the Bayesian LASSO posterior can be done by iteratively solving LASSO problems in parallel. Motivated by wearable applications where (a) the energy cost of continuous wireless transmission is prohibitive and (b) cloud storage of data induces privacy vulnerabilities, we propose a class of ‘analog-to-information’ architectures that only transmit the minimal relevant information (e.g. the posterior) for optimal decision-making. We instantiate this result with an analog-implementable solver and show that the posterior can be calculated with systems of low-energy analog circuits in a distributed manner.
A Reduced-Order Model for the Lift Coe-cient on a Transversely Oscillating Cylinder

A consistent approach for the development of reduced-order models for the lift coe‐cient on a circular cylinder undergoing forced transverse oscillations is presented. Higher-order spectral analysis is applied to RANS-generated data to characterize the nonlinear couplings in the time series. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the forced van der Pol equation should be used to model the lift coe‐cient on the transversely oscillating cylinder. Analysis for three cases of forced excitations, namely resonance and no resonance with soft and hard excitations, is presented. Spectral parameters derived from spectral analysis of the RANS data are combined with approximate solutions of the representative model to determine its parameters. Model validation is achieved by comparing time and frequency domain characteristics of data obtained from the forced van der Pol equation with the RANS data.
Nature of the refractory state following sublethal dose of human placental thromboplastin.

Conclusion1. Intravenous sublethal doses of human placental thromboplastin produce a refractory state in mice. During this state, the animals tolerate lethal doses of thrombin as well as thromboplastin, and the blood is incoagulable.2. The refractory state is due to an exhaustion of the circulating fibrinogen. It may be abolished by restoring fibrinogen to the circulating blood, indicating that prothrombin is still present.
SAFETY OF PERFLUTREN-BASED ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST AGENT ADMINISTRATION IN THE PRESENCE OF A PATENT FORAMEN OVALE (PFO): A MULTICENTER STUDY

PFO’s are prevalent in the population. Guidelines recommend the use of echo contrast (EC) in pts with poor acoustic windows (approx 20% pts). However, EC is contraindicated in pts with intracardiac right-left (R-L) shunting. Thus, there is limited information regarding the safety of EC in pts with
Ship Air Wake Wind Tunnel Test Results (Invited)

As part of a larger program to develop analytic and computational tools to predict the air wake characteristics of naval vessels, an experimental effort has been undertaken to map the air wake of a scaled patrol craft modified with a representative hangar structure and stern flight deck. A 4% scaled model of a United States Naval Academy YP (Patrol Craft, Training) was fabricated for wind tunnel testing at 0, 15, and 30 degrees of yaw at a Reynolds number of 7.6 million. The topside configuration of the vessel simulates that of larger destroyers and cruisers, which service rotorcraft from stern hangars and flight decks. Flow measurements were made in station planes from 0.45 to 5.14 hangar-heights downstream of the aft hangar face using an 18-hole Omniprobe. The 3D velocity measurements indicated that a recirculation zone occurred over the flight deck and extended from 1.5-3 hangar-heights downstream. The effect of yaw angle on the air wake was to consolidate and shift the rotationality of the flow into a large, leeward vortex with a size on the order of the superstructure height. Furthermore, the unsteadiness of the flow was independent of the survey plane position at zero yaw, but increased by 57% at 30 deg yaw, with a large band of high vorticity where the shear layer separated and rolled up. The velocity distributions, flow angles, and vorticity will be used to compare with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and full-scale, in-situ measurements to portray a complete, Reynoldsscaled picture of the air wake.
LTE/LTE-a jamming, spoofing, and sniffing: threat assessment and mitigation

LTE is currently being proposed for use in a nationwide wireless broadband public safety network in the United States as well as for other critical applications where reliable communication is essential for safety. Unfortunately, like any wireless technology, disruption of these networks is possible through radio jamming. This article investigates the extent to which LTE is vulnerable to RF jamming, spoofing, and sniffing, and assesses different physical layer threats that could affect next-generation critical communication networks. In addition, we examine how sniffing the LTE broadcast messages can aid an adversary in an attack. The weakest links of LTE are identified and used to establish an overall threat assessment. Lastly, we provide a survey of LTE jamming and spoofing mitigation techniques that have been proposed in the open literature.
Outreach to Public Libraries, Senior Centers, and Clinics to Improve Patient and Consumer Health Care: An Update

Abstract The medical library of the Pacific College of Oriental Medicine in San Diego developed a community outreach project to provide computer training on how to access electronic health information using the NLM and related databases. The goal is to enable local senior residents to improve their health and health care by accessing authoritative information. The original project plan was described in “Senior Health Goes Electronic: Partnership on Access to Health Senior Health Information Services” JCHI 9(2) 2005. This paper is a companion update of that publication covering the project implementation, progress, and its recent expansion. The library consumer health outreach project evolved into a broad environment for teaching health information access to a diverse population at multiple local San Diego community settings. Insights about the library outreach efforts, attendee participation, and the senior health Web page are discussed. Conclusions include the evaluation approach and population diversity...
Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Simulations of Groundwater Recessions

During extended periods of no precipitation streamflow is derived from discharge from groundwater storage and soil moisture storage. Streamflow can become critical during these periods, especially if the nonrain period is unusually long. Since municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies many times depend on streamflow sources it is important for water supply development to have adequate predictions of streamflow response.
Web-based Metaprogrammable Frontend for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulators are indispensable tools in the arsenal of chemical engineers and material scientists. However, they are often difficult to use and require programming skills as well as deep knowledge of both the given scientific domain and the simulation software itself. In this paper, we describe a metaprogramming approach where simulator experts can create a library of simulation components and templates of frequently used simulations. Domain experts, in turn, can build and customize their own simulations and the required input for the various supported simulators is automatically synthesized. The web-based environment also supports setting up a suite of simulation jobs, for example, to carry out automated parameter optimization, via a visual programming environment. The entire simulation setup – including the various parameters, the version of tools utilized and the results – is stored in a database to support searching and browsing of existing simulation outputs and facilitating the reproducibility of