cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Changes Induced by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Mice

Purpose: Loss of renal function is often the impetus for operative intervention in renal obstruction cases. Obstructive nephropathy is characterized by discrete morphological and physiological changes, including tubular dilatation, apoptosis and atrophy as well as interstitial cellular infiltration and progressive interstitial fibrosis. We hypothesized that gene expression alterations correlate with obstructive nephropathy and could serve as biomarkers for early intervention.Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction or sham surgery at postnatal day 21. Kidneys were harvested 1, 2, 5 and 9 days postoperatively. RNA was extracted from kidneys and comprehensive gene expression profiling was performed with microarrays. IPA® pathway analysis software was used to analyze the biological function and gene networks of gene expression data.Results: Microarray analysis revealed more than 1,800 transcripts that were up-regulated or down-regulated during days 1 through 9 aft...
Vanadium stimulates immunological responses of chicks.

Abstract In a continuation of studies on the interaction of dietary phosphorus (P) and vanadium (V) levels, studies have directed toward an examination of this interaction on the immune system of chicks. Antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were increased at 7 days post-inoculation (PI) by as little as 10 mg V/kg diet in the P-deficient group, while 50 mg V/kg was required in the P-supplemented group. At 14 days PI, only the 50 mg V/kg was significantly higher in both P-deficient and P-supplemented groups. At 21 days PI, vanadium had no significant effect. P-deficiency resulted in a decrease in the percentage of phagocytic macrophages obtained from the abdominal cavity and a decrease in the number of intracytoplasmic SRBC per phagocytic macrophage. These two criteria were increased by vanadium in both the P-deficient and P-supplemented animals. In P-supplemented animals, the CD4/CD8 ratios of lymphocytes obtained from the blood and spleen were increased by the inclusion of 50 mg V/kg diet. The IL-l-like activity of macrophage supernatants was not significantly affected by dietary V, but IL-6 activity was increased. Densitometric analysis of lysates of macrophages isolated from control and V-fed chicks for anti-protein-tyrosinephosphate (PTP) bands indicate that dietary V increased PTP. While the evidence is not clear that there is a P × V interaction in the immune system studies, it is clear that dietary V at the levels used results in a positive immune response of chicks, possibly mediated through increased PTP.
Flake tools stratified below paleo-Indian artifacts.

In northwest Missouri, Lithic stage flake tools struck from prepared cores have been excavated underlying a Paleo-Indian fluted point assemblage. These assemblages were in two different loesses of the last glaciation. Thermoluminescent analysis of stone tools dates the Paleo-Indian occupations at 8690 ± 1000 B.C. and 12,855 ± 1500 B.C.; the Lithic stage occupations must be older than 13,000 B.C. on the basis of geologic correlation, lithic analysis, and cultural stratigraphy.
Visualization of fingerprints in the scanning electron microscope.

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to visualize latent fingerprints without processing them with developing powders or chemicals. Prints on two types of surfaces were examined : metal (aluminium-conductive) and glass (non-conductive). Prints on metal lend themselves particularly well to SEM analysis. No pretreatment of the print is required in order to obtain excellent photographs. At times, prints on glass must be coated with a thin conductive layer of gold in order to minimize charging. Prints exposed to the elements (sun, rain, etc.) become coated with an unidentified material that prevents the success of this method.
Auditory Processing of Spectral Cues for Sound Localization in the Inferior Colliculus

The head-related transfer function (HRTF) of the cat adds directionally dependent energy minima to the amplitude spectrum of complex sounds. These spectral notches are a principal cue for the localization of sound source elevation. Physiological evidence suggests that the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) plays a critical role in the brainstem processing of this directional feature. Type O units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) are a primary target of ascending DCN projections and, therefore, may represent midbrain specializations for the auditory processing of spectral cues for sound localization. Behavioral studies confirm a loss of sound orientation accuracy when DCN projections to the inferior colliculus are surgically lesioned. This study used simple analogs of HRTF notches to characterize single-unit response patterns in the ICC of decerebrate cats that may contribute to the directional sensitivity of the brain's spectral processing pathways. Manipulations of notch frequency and bandwidth demonstrated frequency-specific excitatory responses that have the capacity to encode HRTF-based cues for sound source location. These response patterns were limited to type O units in the ICC and have not been observed for the projection neurons of the DCN. The unique spectral integration properties of type O units suggest that DCN influences are transformed into a more selective representation of sound source location by a local convergence of wideband excitatory and frequency-tuned inhibitory inputs.
Incorporation of newly immobilized 15N into stable organic forms in soil.

Abstract Studies were conducted on an 15N-enriched Illinois Mollisol to determine the extractability and distribution of newly immobilized N in the classical humic fractions. Only about 50% of the added 15N was recovered by sequential extraction with 150 mM Na4P2O7 and 100 mM KOH; another 25 to 30% N was solubilized by further extractions with a variety of inorganic and organic solvents in sequence. In comparison to the native soil N, higher proportions of the applied 15N were accounted for in the humic acid (24 vs 16%) and fulvic acid (25 vs 22%) fractions. For the fulvic acid fraction, a higher proportion of the applied 15 (30%) was recovered as low molecular weight compounds, as compared to the native soil N (20%). The findings support the concept that a significant fraction of the recently immobilized N in soil occurs as insoluble components of microbial tissues, such as fungal melanins.
Observations of H2S toward OMC-1.

Observations of the 1(10) - 1(01) transition of interstellar H2S and its isotopes toward OMC-1 are reported. The fractional abundance of H2S in the quiescent regions of OMC-1 seems difficult to explain by currently known ion-molecular reactions. The fractional abundance of H2S relative to H2 is enhanced by a factor of 1000 in the hot core and the plateau relative to the quiescent clouds. The (HDS)/(H2S) abundance ratio in the hot core is estimated at 0.02 or less.
Thermal and spectral studies of some chelates of chloranilic acid, rhodizonic acid, and tetrahydroxyquinone

Abstract The thermal and spectral properties of chelates of chloranilic acid, rhodizonic acid, and tetrahydroxyquinone with divalent copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and lead have been investigated. The chelates' properties are compared with those of naphthazarin and 2,5-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone. Several unsuccessful attemps were made to prepare the beryllium chelates of these ligands.
H2 molecules and the intercloud medium

The paper discusses expected column densities of H2 in the intercloud medium and the possible use of molecules as indicators of intercloud physical conditions. Molecule formation by the H(-) process and on graphite grains is treated, and it is shown that the Barlow-Silk hypothesis of a 1-eV semichemical hydrogen-graphite bond leads to a large enhancement of the intercloud molecule-formation rate. Rotational-excitation calculations are presented for both cloud and intercloud conditions which show, in agreement with Jura (1975), that the presently observed optically thin H2 absorption components are more likely to originate in cold clouds than in the intercloud medium.
Outcome research in meningococcal septic shock

We thank Dr Paize and Dr Playfor for their comments [1] regarding our earlier article in Critical Care [2]. In their commentary Dr Paize and Dr Playfor stated that the reasons for a marked reduction in the mortality of children with meningococcal disease in the paediatric intensive care unit are multifactorial: increased centralization of the paediatric intensive care unit, improvement in awareness, clinical guidelines for children with sepsis, and incorporation of meningococcal serogroup C vaccine. Dr Paize and Dr Playfor also regretted in their commentary that we did not examine morbidity in our large cohort [1]. We completely agree with Dr Paize and Dr Playfor that both short-term and long-term outcomes in survivors of meningo-coccal sepsis are clinically highly relevant. Only a few, unsystematic studies have been conducted in this field. These studies used small, heterogeneous patient samples and unstandardized assessment procedures and were focused mainly on short-term outcome. Our relatively large, homogeneous cohort therefore offered the possibility to investigate this neglected area of outcome, both from a medical and psychosocial point of view, with standardized procedures. Parts of our outcome study have been published already or are in press [3-6]. In a prospective cohort study we performed a short-term follow-up of all consecutive children with septic shock and purpura requiring intensive care treatment between 2001 and 2005, and their parents [4]. Up to 2 years after paediatric intensive care unit discharge, chronic complaints were reported in nearly one-half of the children. Significantly lower scores were found on health-related quality-of-life scales concerning mainly physical functioning and health perception in comparison with normative data. Quite a few mothers suffered from anxiety or depression requiring professional help. The second part of our study concerned a cross-sectional long-term outcome study of all 179 survivors of septic shock and purpura requiring intensive care treatment between 1988 and 2001, and their parents [3,5,6]. Regarding long-term health-related quality of life, we found significantly lower scores in patients – mainly on physical domains (physical functioning, general health perception) – compared with Dutch normative data [3]. Adolescents (aged 12–17 years) who survived meningococcal septic shock in childhood, especially those with skin scarring due to purpura, reported lower self-esteem compared with reference adolescents [5]. Overall, we found favourable long-term behavioural, emotional and post-traumatic stress outcomes in patients [6]. Articles regarding skin scarring, orthopaedic and neurological sequelae, as well as psychosocial adjustment of parents, are under review. In conclusion, we would like to reassure Dr Paize and Dr Playfor that we did study short-term and long-term morbidity in survivors of septic shock and purpura.
Evaluation of int-dehydrogenase assay for heavy metal inhibition of activated sludge

A dehydrogenase assay employing the redox dye 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT) was compared to oxygen uptake for assessing heavy metal inhibition of activated sludge. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ measured via the two tests were similar. The INT-dehydrogenase test was less sensitive to Ni2+ toxicity than oxygen uptake. INT test results compared favorably with previously reported IC50s based on other dehydrogenase assays.
“Sentimentalized Adultery”: The Film Industry's Next Step in Consumerism?

L'A. soutient que la representation de l'adultere a tendance a changer dans la societe americaine, comme on peut l'observer dans un certain nombre de films qui donnent une representation sentimentale de l'adultere, des films mettant en scene une relation dans laquelle une ou plusieurs personnes mariees trouvent une passion intense et une satisfaction emotionnelle dans une relation extra-conjugale. Elle centre son analyse sur trois films realises dans les annees 1990 : Bridges of Madison County, qui represente l'adultere comme liberateur ; The English Patient, qui en donne une image plus opaque et troublante ; et Shakespear in Love, une comedie, dont le motif de l'adultere garantit le succes populaire. Examinant les facteurs qui ont contribue au changement d'attitude envers l'adultere, l'A. soutient plus particulierement que la culture consumeriste du capitalisme contemporain - et notamment son ideologie de la nouveaute - contribue de facon significative au succes des films d'adultere sentimentalise. En conclusion, elle propose quelques reflexions sur les dangers de cette ideologie du changement et la remise en cause des liens communautaires ancres dans la tradition
An Oceanic Wake in the Equatorial Undercurrent Downstream from the Galapagos Archipelago

Abstract In the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent downstream (east) from the Galapagos archipelago, an unusual meander pattern was observed in the spring of 1967. Two separate hypotheses present themselves as explanations for the observed wake phenomenon. The wake may have been a variation of the familiar von Karman wake, or it may have been a form of the Rossby wake, only recently discussed by White. Through a scale analysis, both hypotheses are found to be reasonable, and both give characteristic length scales (500 km) that agree well with the observed wavelengths. A fundamental difference between the two hypotheses is that the Rossby wake is stationary, while the von Karman wake is time-dependent. However, the time scale for eddy shedding in a von Karman wake is found to be on the same scale (2 months) as the length of the cruise that observed the wake phenomenon. Therefore, it appears that the observed oceanic wake may have had characteristics of both the von Karman and Rossby wakes.
Multiparty Politics in Argentina?: Electoral Rules and Changing Patterns

Abstract This article attempts to illuminate some institutional features of the past and the current electoral systems of Argentina and the problematic relationship between these characteristics and the trend of changes that the party system has been experiencing since the return of democracy in 1983. The focus is on the dangers of political stalemate that might have developed if the institutional arrangements implemented at the end of the military rule had not been reformed subsequently. The study has two objectives: (a) to demonstrate that there is a trend towards an increasing fractionalization of the Argentine party system; and (b) to show that the combination of an electoral college with a majority requirement, proportional representation to allocate presidential electors, malapportionment among districts, and this increasing process of pluralization in most provinces (where presidential elections were decided because of electoral college complexities) threatened the stability of democracy.
Technical challenges in video coding and processing for future digital entertainment

Summary form only given: This talk will present some technical challenges in video coding and processing to meet the paradigm shifting trends for future digital entertainment for consumers. Traditional consumer video services have been in the broadcasting mode, from terrestrial TV, to satellite and cable services, in which a single encoder is able to serve millions of decoders. The design principle has been the simple decoder of volume sets at the expense of very complicated encoder. The proliferation of mobile devices with video capture capabilities in the recent years has resulted in a paradigm shift trends that require simple encoder for the mobile devices. The burden of the performance has now shifted to decoder that resides at consumerpsilas home to manage volumetric video captures with desktop computers. This paradigm shift thus created an opportunity for new generations of video coding and processing algorithms and architectures to meet the challenges in more complicated video decoding. In this talk, we will present several examples of new video coding and processing schemes based on distributed source coding. Some detailed analysis and simulation results will be shown to demonstrate that distributed source coding based approach is indeed promising for video decoding and processing for future digital entertainment.
Hypotheses generation as supervised link discovery with automated class labeling on large-scale biomedical concept networks

Computational approaches to generate hypotheses from biomedical literature have been studied intensively in recent years. Nevertheless, it still remains a challenge to automatically discover novel, cross-silo biomedical hypotheses from large-scale literature repositories. In order to address this challenge, we first model a biomedical literature repository as a comprehensive network of biomedical concepts and formulate hypotheses generation as a process of link discovery on the concept network. We extract the relevant information from the biomedical literature corpus and generate a concept network and concept-author map on a cluster using Map-Reduce frame-work. We extract a set of heterogeneous features such as random walk based features, neighborhood features and common author features. The potential number of links to consider for the possibility of link discovery is large in our concept network and to address the scalability problem, the features from a concept network are extracted using a cluster with Map-Reduce framework. We further model link discovery as a classification problem carried out on a training data set automatically extracted from two network snapshots taken in two consecutive time duration. A set of heterogeneous features, which cover both topological and semantic features derived from the concept network, have been studied with respect to their impacts on the accuracy of the proposed supervised link discovery process. A case study of hypotheses generation based on the proposed method has been presented in the paper.
The Profits of Violence: The Minor Gentry in the Rebellion of 1321-1322 in Gloucestershire and Herefordshire

IT has been accepted that economic insecurity, ambition, patronage and social conflict played a fundamental role in the character of gentry society in England during the Middle Ages as well as in the disruption caused by political rebellions from the twelfth century through the Wars of the Roses and on into the sixteenth century, but the essential continuity of that role from times of peace through times of civil strife has not been adequately stressed. The object of this paper, therefore, is to show the interplay of these forces in the actions of the minor gentry in Gloucestershire and Herefordshire during the rebellion of 1322, and to suggest that these actions, which were not peculiar to the rebellion, exemplify the pattern of social behavior within the lower ranks of the gentry and the way this behavior was shaped by these forces. The rebellion of 1322 provides an ideal opportunity to explore the role of the minor gentry because of the extraordinarily comprehensive documentation arising on the one hand from the forfeiture of the Contrariants' lands and on the other from a series of inquests that a nervous Edward II commissioned in 1324, in the wake of Mortimer's escape from the Tower and rumors of renewed dissension, to investigate the strength of the support the rebels had received in 1322 and the crimes that had been committed in five counties.1 These documents spotlight the events of the rebellion, exposing in minute detail the economic dilemma of the minor gentry and the alliances and crimes with which they hoped to advance themselves.
A Qualitative Study of Baccalaureate Nursing Students Following an Eight-day International Cultural Experience in Tanzania: Cultural Humility as an Outcome

Transcultural and intercultural competence through study abroad is widely recognized as a preferred teaching approach for the development of globally competent health care practitioners because of the noteworthy effects that these experiential opportunities have on students. Sparse research has been conducted to determine if controversial short-term study abroad trips of less than two weeks are achieving positive outcomes. The purpose of this interpretative qualitative study was to describe the nature and meanings of a short-term international cultural experience for U.S. nursing students that travelled to Tanzania over an 8-day period. The results indicated that the participants experienced culture shock, but they also gained in self-awareness, cultural empathy, and leadership skills. The data also revealed that for many participants, this international experience led to the development of cultural humility. Langer's theory of Mindfulness, and Campinha-Bacote's Process of Cultural Competence provided the theoretical framework for this study. This paper also discusses pedagogical approaches for short-term programs and outcomes.
A QPLL-timed direct-RF sampling band-pass ΣΔ ADC with a 1.2 GHz tuning range in 0.13 µm CMOS

A direct-RF sampled band-pass ΣΔ modulator enables reconfigurable RF A/D conversion. It features a programmable narrow-band Q-enhanced low-noise amplifier and a phase-locked loop implemented using a low-phase-noise injection-locked harmonic-filtering quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator. The quadrature outputs of the PLL provide phase synchronization between a raised-cosine DAC and the quantizer. The three-tap raised-cosine finite-impulse response filter is embedded in the RF DAC. A complete sampling receiver demonstrates progress towards Software-Defined Radio (SDR) applications. Implemented in 0.13 µm CMOS, it consumes 41 mW and achieves maximum SNDR values of 50 dB, 46 dB and 40 dB over a 1 MHz bandwidth with 796.5 MHz, 1.001 GHz and 1.924 GHz input carrier frequencies. The measured PLL phase noise is −113 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz with a −74.5 dBc carrier-reference spur; the RMS period jitter is 1.38 ps at 3.2 GHz.
An inhibitor of complement in the venom of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa.

SummaryVenom of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, contains a potent inhibitor of hemolytic complement activity in vitro. Up to 2 CH50 units of C'activity in human, rabbit, and guinea pig sera could be maximally inhibited by 0.016-0.300 μg venom protein per ml. The venom factor is nondialyzable, excluded from Sephadex G75, and is relatively stable over a wide range of pH, heat, and storage conditions.
Acquired tracheobronchomegaly resulting in severe respiratory failure.

Tracheobronchomegaly is a distinct clinical and radiologic entity characterized by marked dilation of the trachea and bronchi. In this report we describe a Marfanoid patient who developed TBM in his adulthood with rapid deterioration, leading to hypercapnic respiratory failure. This case represents an acquired form of TBM in a patient with Marfanoid features which has not been previously described. Tracheobronchomegaly should be considered as a cause of chronic respiratory failure in a young adult and can be diagnosed easily with chest roentgenogram and CAT scan.
Who Killed Lida's Jewish Intelligentsia?: A Case Study of Wehrmacht Involvement in the Holocaust's "First Hour"

An investigation of the liquidation of Lida's Jewish intelligentsia reveals that front-line Wehrmacht troops, and not the Einsatzgruppen normally associated with such actions, were responsible. This finding regarding the first week of the war challenges the paradigmatic view that the Wehrmacht requested and supported the liquidation of Soviet Jewry, while the security apparatus—e.g. the SS, the SD, the SiPo, the OrPo, and the Einsatzgruppen—carried out the executions. A comparison of military operations in Lida and Grodno brings to light patterns within front-line Wehrmacht officers' and soldiers' attitudes towards Soviet Jews, and allows us to place genocidal crimes within the context of the prosecution of Operation Barbarossa.
Removal of heavy metals in wastewater in a clay soil matrix using electro‐osmosis

The feasibility of using electro-osmosis for removal of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Pb) contained in aqueous solutions was examined using soil cores formed from Randall clay — a clay found in Playa lake basins in the High Plains of West Texas. Initially, sorption tests were conducted with the clay dispersed in the metal solutions of interest to determine if adequate sorption would take place. The retention capacity of the clay for Cd was found to be 0.0083 mg/mg of soil. (105 kilograms of Cd could be removed in top one-meter depth of a hectare of Randall clay with a bulk density of 1.4 g/cm3). Electro-osmosis was found to increase the permeability of the clay but was found to be both a slow rate system (up to 225 days to remove one pore volume of water through a m3 of soil) and energy intensive (1.44 × 105 kJ to 8.1 × 105 kJ per m3 of drained water). Problems noted during the test that need solution before further experimentation with this procedure include selection of less corrodible materials for electrodes, prevention of electrolysis of water at potential gradients needed to move the waters being treated through the soil matrix, and control of ion gradients from the anode to the cathode reservoir to prevent backflow episodes from reversing flow from the cathode to the anode region.
Low temperature expansion for the Ising model.

On simple cubic lattices, we compute the low-temperature expansion for the energy of the Ising model through 50 excited bonds in three dimensions and 44 excited bonds in four dimensions. We also give the magnetization through 42 excited bonds. Our method is a recursive enumeration of states with given energies on a set of finite lattices with generalized helical boundary conditions. A linear combination of such lattices cancels finite volume effects.
Drug use and nephrotoxicity in the intensive care unit: are we under-dosing antimicrobials in patients with acute kidney injury with the need of extended dialysis?

To the Editor: An important aspect that we would like to raise, in addition to what Dr Perazella described as drug dose adjustment1 in a recent review in this journal, is the use of antibiotics in extended dialysis (ED). With ED, patients with acute kidney injury have a potentially supraphysiologic drug clearance during ED procedures, and this may be detrimental in patients for whom bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics are needed. Therefore, when the antibiotic is given in relation to ED may be as important as the dosing. This premise has been demonstrated by Lorenzen et al.,2 who reported that ampicillin/sulbactam given too early or late in relation to ED could result in supra- or subtherapeutic concentrations. Also considered should be the pharmacodynamic properties of the antimicrobial in question. Antimicrobials require specific attention to their pharmacodynamic activity, as drugs that are time-dependent killers may require a different timing and dosing compared with those that kill in a concentration-dependent manner.3 Taking these considerations into account may be difficult enough, but complexity is added by the intensive care unit (ICU) environment, to which access is limited, and procedures may interfere with drug and dialysis scheduling.
Brd4 is on the move during inflammation

Enhancer landscapes are shaped by the integrated functions of lineage-specific and signal-dependent transcription factors. A new study by Brown et al. suggests that the signal-dependent transcription factor NF-kB can modulate global enhancer activities by altering the occupancy of Brd4, a BET bromodomain coactivator protein, across the genome. This work reveals new principles of enhancer dynamics and insights into the therapeutic modulation of enhancer function with BET bromodomain inhibitors.
In pursuit of an anticancer vaccine: a monomolecular construct containing multiple carbohydrate antigens

Abstract The synthesis of a new type of anti-cancer vaccine candidate is presented. This compound contains the TF, Le y , and Tn tumor antigens clustered in a monomolecular array. In addition to being a realistic mimic of ‘micro-heterogeneous’ mucins, this class of vaccine may trigger a multifaceted immune response convergent on a particular cancer type.
Reference-Other Support and Ethnic Attitudes as Predictors of Intergroup Behavior*

A number of general propositions are proposed concerning the manner in which reference-others and ethnic attitudes influence intergroup behavior. In a laboratory setting, it is shown that the influ...
Advances in hospitality research: “from Rodney Dangerfield to Aretha Franklin”

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the progression of research in the domain of Hospitality Management since its inception in the early part of the twentieth century. Design/methodology/approach – A combination of qualitative analyses of the published literature in the past 80 years plus a quantitative survey of 613 manuscripts published in the International Journal of Hospitality Management (IJHM) from 2000 to 2012. Findings – The findings demonstrate that hospitality management research has progressed in the past four years through four distinct phases, namely, Story Tellers (1930-1950), Profilers (1950-1970), Copy Cats (1970-2005) and Innovators (since 2000). The evolution in the literature reflects that people in hospitality management and academia are improving their connection between theory and practice. Research limitations/implications – The quantitative part of this study was limited to articles published in the IJHM, and as such, they may not be fully representative of research articles that ...
Langmuir Behavior and Ultrathin Films of New Linear−Dendritic Diblock Copolymers

The dendrimer end group modification of a series of PEO−PAMAM linear−dendritic diblock copolymers to various chemical functionalities is described. The molecular weight of the PEO block was 2000, a...
Effects of monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte surface antigens on interleukin 2 excretion by Epstein-Barr virus-specific human T-cell hybridomas.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies were used as probes to study the role of cell surface antigens in the response of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific human T-T hybridomas to autologous EBV-infected B lymphoblasts. Somatic cell hybrids were generated by fusing EBV-primed peripheral blood T lymphocytes with a mutant clone of the JM human T-lymphoblastoid-cell line. When exposed to autologous EBV-infected B lymphoblasts, the resulting hybrid clones released Interleukin 2 into the culture medium. Incubation of the EBV-infected B cells with two monoclonal antibodies against human Ia-like molecules blocked their ability to trigger the hybridomas. Under the same conditions, monoclonal antibodies against β 2 -microglobulin, and a 45,000 MW surface antigen common to EBV-infected B lymphoblasts, did not alter the capacity of the B cells to stimulate the hybridomas. None of four monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens on the T-cell hybridomas impaired their responsiveness to EBV-infected B lymphoblasts. These results suggest the possibility that naturally occurring or exogenously administered antibodies against Ia molecules might interfere with T-cell regulation of EBV-induced B-cell activation.
Testimony before the subcommittee on small business crime prevention act

My name is Leslie D. Ball. I am Professor of Information Systems at Babson College where I am responsible for teaching and developing computer graduate and undergraduate courses for students who are business majors. In addition, I have done extensive research in the area of computer crime and security and am active in various professional organization.
Mental Magnitudes and Increments of Mental Magnitudes

There is at present a lively debate in cognitive psychology concerning the origin of natural number concepts. At the center of this debate is the system of mental magnitudes, an innately given cognitive mechanism that represents cardinality and that performs a variety of arithmetical operations. Most participants in the debate argue that this system cannot be the sole source of natural number concepts, because they take it to represent cardinality approximately while natural number concepts are precise. In this paper, I argue that the claim that mental magnitudes represent cardinality approximately overlooks the distinction between a magnitude and the increments that compose to form that magnitude. While magnitudes do indeed represent cardinality approximately, they are composed of a precise number of increments. I argue further that learning the number words and the counting routine may allow one to mark in memory the number of increments that composed to form a magnitude, thereby creating a precise representation of cardinality.
The steady-state oxidation of CO on rhodium (100)

In this article, we present low-pressure steady-state results for carbon monoxide oxidation over Rh(100). The results are comparable to those found for other Group VIII transition metals. For a fixed oxygen pressure, the reaction rate is first order in CO pressure until a critical pressure is reached, above which the reaction rate sharply diminishes and the order becomes negative in CO pressure. Coverages of carbon monoxide under steady-state working conditions have been measured.
Comparative pollen calendars from Tucson, Arizona: Durham vs. Burkard samplers.

Pollen data were compared from (1) Burkard and Durham collectors located in urban Tucson, and (2) Burkard collectors located in urban and native desert environments.Morus was the most common pollen taxon collected in urban Tucson; its presence nearly tripled annual urban pollen totals. Spearman rank correlation was. 56 (p=.05) among the annual mean value of 24 principal pollen taxa collected using the two techniques. In urban areas, several taxa (i.e., Cruciferae,Plantago, cf.Aster, Cercidium andCeltis) were collected consistently using Burkard samplers; they were infrequently collected using the Durham sampler. The Durham calendar contained spring and summerAmbrosia seasons of equal importance; whereas, the urban and desert Burkard calendars reported a dominant springAmbrosia season accounting for over 85% of the annualAmbrosia pollen. Some pollen taxa from urban areas (i.e.,Populus, Ligustrum andTamarix) remained in the urban environment; conversely, some desert taxa (i.e., springAmbrosia, Larrea, Ephedra and summerCeltis) reached urban areas. Montane pollen taxa (i.e.,Alnus, summerPinus, Quercus andArtemisia) reached urban and desert environments of the Tucson basin in similar amounts.
On a class of error correcting binary group codes

A general method of constructing error correcting binary group codes is obtained. A binary group code with n places, k of which are information places is called an (n,k) code. An explicit method of constructing t-error correcting (n,k) codes is given for n = 2m−1 and k = 2m−1−R(m,t) ≧ 2m−1−mt where R(m,t) is a function of m and t which cannot exceed mt. An example is worked out to illustrate the method of construction.
The Role of Prior Information in Radiation Spectrum Unfolding Problems

In this paper the authors first briefly review the mathematical difficulties usually experienced in radiation spectral unfolding computations; the source of these difficulties is identified as the discontinuity of the inverse of the unfolding operator. Then two techniques are proposed for use in alleviating this intrinsic instability of unfolding computations: these are the mathematical regularization technique and the application of nonnegativity constraints. In sample results obtained from silicon surface-barrier alpha particle detectors, the combination of these two techniques has proven to be a very powerful method of improving the resolution of the unfolded spectra while retaining good stability and low incidence of artifacts. Possible advantages of the method include the reduction of counting time required in many instances.
Three-dimensional probabilistic wind-borne debris trajectory model for building envelope impact risk assessment

Abstract This paper presents a probabilistic debris trajectory model adapted from current 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) deterministic models, in which the aleatoric (inherent) uncertainty is explicitly considered in the proposed probabilistic model. While the inherent randomness in the debris flight trajectory is irreducible due to the wind turbulence, variation in wind direction, gustiness of the wind event, and so forth, the proposed probabilistic model seeks to address these uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations with the appropriate statistical distributions applied to the governing equations of motion of the debris. Calibration of the probabilistic debris trajectory model is performed through an analytical and visual comparison of the simulated data to wind tunnel test data. Reasonable agreement is observed between the simulated and the wind tunnel test debris landing locations, thus confirming the applicability of the probabilistic wind-borne debris model. The proposed probabilistic model provides an effective method for predicting the variation of debris trajectories in a three-dimensional (3D) space, which is imperative when performing regional building envelope impact risk assessments in which a large amount of debris sources and targets must be considered in the simulation.
Structural influences on intracellular cadmium mobilization by dithiols.

Abstract An examination of 5 dithiols, N -(2,3-dimercaptopropyl)phthalamidic acid (DMPA), benzene-1,2-dithiol (BDT), toluene-3,4-dithiol (TDT), α , α '-dimercapto- o -xylene (DOX), and 4,5-dimethyl- α , α '-dimercapto- o -xylene (DDOX), reveals that these compounds are all inferior to previously reported compounds as agents for the in vivo mobilization of cadmium from its intracellular sites, although all possess sulfhydryl groups capable of reacting with cadmium. The results demonstrate the considerable importance of those parts of the molecule which do not participate directly in the formation of chelate rings in the determination of the ultimate behavior of such compounds in vivo.
UBV photometry of selected eclipsing binary stars

New uvbyβ observations of 51 eclipsing binary stars are presented, and outside-eclipse averages for 45 of them are given. Many of these binaries are detached main-sequence pairs that have been discovered to be double-lined spectroscopic binaries and appear suitable for determinations of accurate absolute dimensions and masses. Photometric properties are recomputed for 14 of the binaries, for which absolute properties have been published previously. Intercomparisons are made with previous photometry, when available, and notes are given for some individual systems.
Immunotherapy of multiple myeloma

In 1994, an estimated 12,700 new cases of multiple myeloma (MM) will be diagnosed in the USA and 9,800 patients will die from this disease. At present, a cure for MM has not been achieved with any chemotherapeutic regimen. Therefore, it is important to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat this fatal disease. This review focuses on new concepts in the immunotherapy of MM. Thus far, interferons and anti-human interleukin (IL)-6 monoclonal anti-bodies (MAbs) have been used to treat patients with this disease. Bone marrow transplantation using autologous marrow purged with MAbs and complement, with anti-myeloma immunotoxins (ITs), or MAb-magnetic bead conjugates has been reported. Adoptive cellular therapy, in vivo with anti-CD3 and IL-2, as well as transplantation of purified autologous CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells, is now being evaluated in clinical trials. Anti-human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) MAbs have shown promising results in the therapy of human myeloma cell lines in SCID mice, while an IL-6 antagonist protein, anti-gp130 MAbs, recombinant soluble gp130, anti-B7, anti-HLA-DR, and recombinant soluble CD16 also inhibit the growth of myeloma cell lines in vitro. These experimental therapeutic modalities hold promise for use in humans and may also provide further insights into the pathogenesis of MM.
The association between characteristics of dating relationships and condom use among heterosexual young adults.

Although there is some evidence that relationship-level factors influence sexual behavior, they have received far less attention than individual-level factors as potential correlates of condom use. This study surveyed 210 undergraduate men and women to examine the association between relationship characteristics and condom use. Higher levels of love, longer relationships and more serious and committed relationships were individually associated with less condom use. In a multiple logistic regression model controlling for HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk perception and contraceptive method, relationship length was the only relationship factor that independently predicted condom use (OR = .91; 95% CI = .84-.99). Use of a hormonal contraceptive method was negatively associated with condom use in the multivariate model (OR = .12; 95% CI = .06-.27), and mediated the association between relationship factors and condom use. Study results suggest that HIV/STD prevention interventions may be improved by addressing relationship characteristics, particularly the length of a dating relationship.
The effects of education on self-care agency.

This study examined the effects of group education classes on self-care agency (SCA) of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and assessed the four independent variables of presence of a significant other, severity of disease, social status, and type of lung disease, and the persons' relationships to SCA and to the change in SCA after education. A sample of 25 individuals with COPD who attended group education classes offered by the American Lung Association of Connecticut served as subjects. Prior to and at the conclusion of the series of classes, they were given questionnaires eliciting perceptions of SCA and biographic data. From the questionnaires, two SCA scores were calculated. A paired t test demonstrated that these individuals had a significantly greater SCA at the conclusion of the classes than at the beginning. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the biographic variables identified above and SCA revealed a significant negative correlation between chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema and SCA. There were no correlations between biographic variables and the change in SCA scores. It was concluded that teaching increases SCA; the need to direct rehabilitative efforts with greater emphasis toward individuals with chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema was suggested.
Measurement characteristics of weight concern and dieting measures in 8-10-year-old African-American girls from GEMS pilot studies.

Abstract Background. Reliability and validity were established for weight concern measures completed by 8–10-year-old African-American girls participating in a pilot obesity prevention program. Methods. Two hundred ten girls and parents participated in the program. Girls completed subscales of the McKnight Risk Factor Survey (MRFS) and body silhouette ratings, had height, weight, and body fat measured, wore accelerometers for 3 days, and completed two dietary recalls. Principal components analysis, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability were computed for weight concerns and body image measures along with convergent validity with body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), physical activity, and dietary intake. Results. A Moderate Weight Control Behaviors (MWCB) subscale was derived from the MRFS. Overconcern with Weight and Shape (OWS) was a stand-alone scale. Internal consistency estimates for the scales were substantial ranging from 0.71 to 0.84. Test–retest reliabilities were moderate (0.45–0.58). OWS, MWCB, body silhouette rating, and body size discrepancy were positively associated with BMI and PBF. The “like to look” silhouette rating was negatively associated with PBF. Conclusions. Weight concern measures had reasonable levels of internal consistency and promising validity, but only moderate test–retest reliability among preadolescent African-American girls. Refinement and further validation of weight concern measures in this population are warranted.
The American Speakership: The Office in Historical Perspective

One of only four federal offices named in the Constitution, the speakership of the US House of Representatives is second only to the presidency in political power and influence. This revised and updated text offers a political and historical account of the speakership, current through to Newt Gingrich's tenure. Arguing that the workings of Congress can best be understood from a broader historical perspective, Ronald Peters traces the evolution of the office from its early form as a "parliamentary" office through periods during which it functioned as a "feudal" institution to its present form as a "democratic" speakership.
Research- and community-based clinicians' attitudes on treatment manuals.

We assessed the attitudes of 18 research- and 22 community-based substance abuse clinicians on treatment manuals. Research and community clinicians exhibited favorable attitudes toward manuals, and the majority (72% and 77%, respectively) reported an interest in learning more about substance use disorder (SUD) treatment manuals. Among community clinicians, greater years of experience was significantly associated with less favorable attitudes toward treatment manuals. Research clinicians endorsed significantly higher ratings for the importance attached to “theoretical rationale/overview” and “main session points to address” than community clinicians. Findings suggest that community SUD clinicians are already familiar with and have positive attitudes toward manuals, but specific subgroups have concerns that should be addressed.
Buffer Sharing in Rendezvous Programs

Most compilers focus on optimizing performance, often at the expense of memory, but efficient memory use can be just as important in constrained environments such as embedded systems. This paper presents a memory reduction technique for rendezvous communication, which is applied to the deterministic concurrent programming language SHIM. It focuses on reducing memory consumption by sharing communication buffers among tasks. It determines pairs of buffers that can never be in use simultaneously and use a shared region of memory for each pair. The technique produces a static abstraction of a SHIM program's dynamic behavior, which is then analyzed to find buffers that are never occupied simultaneously. Experiments show the technique runs quickly on modest-sized programs and can sometimes reduce memory requirements by half.
Women, honor, and context in Mediterranean antiquity

Much has been written about how the social structures of honor and shame affected women in Mediterranean antiquity. Sometimes "honor and shame" are taken out of context and used as absolute opposites, an oversimplification. Rather, honor and shame function as coordinates within a complex matrix of other societal factors. Chief among them are kinship, social hierarchy, economic control and effective social networking. Some contemporary studies from southern Europe help illuminate this pattern. The complexity and variation present in the social dynamics of these contemporary cultures indicate that the same kind of complexity and variation must have been present in ancient cultures too.