cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of proton pumping in corn roots is associated with increased phosphorylation of membrane proteins

Abstract Brief cold shock given to corn root tissue which has been preloaded with 32P-labeled phosphate increases the phosphorylation of microsomal membrane proteins. Gel electrophoresis shows that discrete proteins are labeled. Preincubation of sealed microsomal vesicles under conditions producing membrane protein phosphorylation causes a 25% loss of total ATPase activity and 55% loss of uncoupler-sensitive activity. It is believed that the effect of injury or shock in blocking H+ efflux pumping by corn roots may be attributed to phosphorylation of the H+-ATPase. Calcium influx attending injury may be responsible for activating the protein kinase.
Estimating Thermal Contact Resistance Using Sensitivity Analysis

Characterization of the thermal contact resistance is important in modeling of multi-component thermal systems which feature mechanically mated surfaces. Thermal resistance is phenomenologically quite complex and depends on many parameters including surface characteristics of the interfacial region and contact pressure. In general, the contact resistance varies as a function of pressure and is non-uniform along the interface. A two dimensional model problem is solved analytically for a known contact resistance between two mated surfaces. The results from the analytical solution are compared with a boundary element solution to the same problem, thus verifying the implementation of the boundary element method code. An inverse problem is formulated to estimate the variation of the contact resistance by using a boundary element method to determine sensitivity coefficients for specific temperature measurement points in the geometry. Temperature measured at these discrete locations can be processed to yield the contact resistance between the two mating surfaces using a simple matrix inversion technique. The inversion process is sensitive to noise and requires using a regularization technique to obtain physically possible results. The regularization technique is then extended to a genetic algorithm for performing the inverse analysis. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the approach. Random noise is used to simulate the effect of input uncertainties in measured temperatures at the sensors.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
DATA CONSTRAINTS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF NEW TRANSPORTATION ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Abstract Argonne National Laboratory has been charged by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) with the execution of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 guidance for all DOE transportation technology development and commercialization activites. This work includes environmental research planning, assessment, and impact statement preparation to foster timely commercialization of environmentally acceptable technologies. In order to be effective, it is imperative to start this NEPA process with a foundation of good data. This presentation reviews the NEPA process as implemented by DOE, mentions the technologies being evaluated, and then focuses on the data problems of the environmental analysts of transportation technologies. Specific examples illustrates the scarcity of environmental information for a new technology to be used in a transportation setting and the exercises the environmental analysts must perform to draw meaningful inferences and give direction to the technologists.
Pilot Plant Recovery of Soybean Oleosome Fractions by an Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Process

An aqueous enzymatic procedure for oleosome fractionation from 25 g of soy flour was developed in our laboratory. This fractionation procedure was evaluated with 75 kg using pilot plant equipment to evaluate the effect of the scale-up on the recovery, proximate composition, soybean storage protein profiles, and subcellular microstructure of oleosome fractions. The process included enzymatic hydrolysis, grinding, and centrifugation, respectively. Pilot-scale grinding and centrifugation of the slurry were accomplished with a Stephan® Microcut mill grinder and a three phase decanter. A blender and swinging bucket rotor were used for the laboratory-scale fractionation. The oleosome fractions recovered in the pilot plant were similar in oil and protein content to those obtained in the laboratory. The pilot-scale process resulted in a significantly higher oil yield of 93.40% as total oleosomes compared to that of 76.83% achieved in the laboratory. Urea–SDS gel electrophoresis of proteins extracted from the oleosomes and supernatant from the pilot-scale fractionation had similar profiles to those obtained in the laboratory. Electron microscopy verified that the structure of isolated oleosomes was virtually identical with that of in situ oleosomes. This work confirms that large-scale fractionation of oleosomes from full fat soybean flour can be accomplished.
Recursive categoricity and persistence

This paper is concerned with recursive structures and the persistance of an effective notion of categoricity. The terminology and notational conventions are standard. We will devote the rest of this paragraph to a cursory review of some of the assumed conventions. If θ is a formula, then θ k denotes θ if k is zero, and ¬ θ if k is one. If A is a sequence with domain a subset of ω , then A ∣ n denotes the sequence obtained by restricting the domain of A to n . For an effective first order language L , let { c i ∣ i ω } be distinct new constants, and let { θ i ∣ i ω } be an effective enumeration of all sentences in the language L ∪ { c i ∣ j ω }. An infinite L-structure is recursive iff it has universe ω and the set is recursive, where c n is interpreted by n . In general we say that a set of formulas is recursive if the set of its indices with respect to an enumeration such as above is recursive. The ∃-diagram of a structure is recursive if the structure is recursive and the set and θ i is an existential sentence} is also recursive. The definition of “the ∀∃-diagram of is recursive” is similar.
Neurologic deficits associated with severe hyponatremia in 2 foals

Objective: To describe the neurologic deficits associated with profound hyponatremia in 2 critically ill foals. Series summary: A 4-month-old Thoroughbred colt and an 11-day-old Paint filly presented for acute diarrhea and depression. Severe neurologic deficits including blindness and head pressing were noted upon initial examination along with marked hyponatremia observed on biochemistry profile. Aggressive intravenous sodium replacement increased the serum sodium concentration to subnormal values with concurrent resolution of neurologic deficits. Intensive monitoring and fluid therapy were continued; the Thoroughbred colt was euthanized due to lack of response to the primary disease while the Paint filly was discharged clinically healthy without further complications. New or unique information provided: Mild hyponatremia (122–132 mEq/L) is a common clinicopathologic finding in equine medicine associated with a variety of diseases. The vast majority of horses with mild hyponatremia do not demonstrate direct clinical manifestations as a result of low serum sodium concentration. However, when severe acute hyponatremia occurs (<122 mEq/L), such as with acute enterocolitis, subtle to profound neurologic deficits may be observed and immediate and rapid treatment as well as serial evaluations of serum sodium concentration are warranted. Significant, and potentially permanent, neurologic deficits can occur if water balance and tonicity are not properly addressed. The cases presented here describe additional cases of a previously published disease in foals, acute hyponatremia and associated neurologic deficits, and describe the microscopic examination of the central nervous system in one foal that did not survive.
Foreground/background segmentation of optical character recognition (OCR) labels by a single-layer recurrent neural network

This paper describes the development of a recurrent neural network to segment gray scale label images into binary label images. To determine a pixel label, the neural network takes into account three sources of information: pixel intensities, correlations between neighboring labels, and edge gradients. These three sources of information are succinctly combined via the network's energy function. By changing its label state to minimize the energy function, the network satisfies constraints imposed by the input image and the current label values. To be mappable to analog hardware, it is desirable that the neural equations be deterministic. Two deterministic networks are developed and compared. The first operates at the zero temperature limit, the original Hopfield network. The second employs the mean field annealing algorithm. It is shown that with only a moderate increase in computational requirements, the mean field approach produces far superior results. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Decoding visual input from V1 neuronal activity with particle filtering

Abstract In this study, we investigated the use of particle filtering in reconstructing time-varying input visual signals based on Macaque V1 neurons’ responses. A multitude of hypothesis particles are proposed for reconstructing the input stimulus up to time t. A prediction kernel (consisting of the first- and second-order forward Wiener kernels, derived by regression) is used to predict the neural response at time t based on the estimated input signals in the 200 ms prior to t. The fitness of this estimated response in predicting the measured response at time t is used to weigh the importance of the various hypotheses. The hypothesis particle space is collapsed by re-sampling over time. We find this method quite successful in reconstructing the input stimulus for 30 out of 33 V1 neurons measured. It out performs the optimal linear decoder that we have experimented with in the past (Neurocomputing, in press).
The influence of molecular rotation on vibration–translation energy transfer

The role of molecular rotations in the exchange of vibrational and translational energy is investigated for collisions between anharmonic diatomic molecules and structureless atoms. A three‐dimensional, semiclassical, impact parameter description is applied with emphasis directed towards the influence of rotational coupling on the net rate of vibrational energy transfer summed over all final rotational states. These results are then related to the predictions of an equivalent collinear collision model, and their comparison allows an evaluation of the collinear approximation. The mechanisms of vibrational energy transfer including rotational transitions are shown to be separable into three classes, with the molecules belonging to each class identified first and foremost by their ratio of fundamental vibrational and rotational frequencies, ωe/Be, and second by the proximity of their initial state to a near‐resonant vibration–rotation transition with a small change in angular momentum. While the dynamics of ...
Removal of arsenic, methylene blue, and phosphate by biochar/AlOOH nanocomposite

Abstract In this work, a biochar based composite material with AlOOH nano-flakes was fabricated from AlCl 3 pretreated biomass through slow pyrolysis in a N 2 environment at 600 °C. Physicochemical properties of the biochar/AlOOH nanocomposite were studied systematically with several commonly used material characterization instruments, including electron microscopes and X-ray techniques. Structure and morphology analysis of the sample showed that the AlOOH particles/flakes are nanosized and uniformly grow on the carbon surface within the pores of the biochar. Laboratory batch sorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption ability of the biochar/AlOOH nanocomposite to three representative aqueous contaminants: arsenic, methylene blue, and phosphate. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics data suggested that the biochar/AlOOH nanocomposite is an excellent multifunctional adsorbent that can effectively remove all these contaminants from aqueous solutions.
Identification of AGO3-Associated miRNAs and Computational Prediction of Their Targets in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii harbors many types of small RNAs (sRNAs) but little is known about their role(s) in the regulation of endogenous genes and cellular processes. To define functional microRNAs (miRNAs) in Chlamydomonas, we characterized sRNAs associated with an argonaute protein, AGO3, by affinity purification and deep sequencing. Using a stringent set of criteria for canonical miRNA annotation, we identified 39 precursor miRNAs, which produce 45 unique, AGO3-associated miRNA sequences including 13 previously reported miRNAs and 32 novel ones. Potential miRNA targets were identified based on the complementarity of miRNAs with candidate binding sites on transcripts and classified, depending on the extent of complementarity, as being likely to be regulated through cleavage or translational repression. The search for cleavage targets identified 74 transcripts. However, only 6 of them showed an increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in a mutant strain almost devoid of sRNAs. The search for translational repression targets, which used complementarity criteria more stringent than those empirically required for a reduction in target protein levels, identified 488 transcripts. However, unlike observations in metazoans, most predicted translation repression targets did not show appreciable changes in transcript abundance in the absence of sRNAs. Additionally, of three candidate targets examined at the protein level, only one showed a moderate variation in polypeptide amount in the mutant strain. Our results emphasize the difficulty in identifying genuine miRNA targets in Chlamydomonas and suggest that miRNAs, under standard laboratory conditions, might have mainly a modulatory role in endogenous gene regulation in this alga.
The Effects of Signal Probability on Inspection Accuracy in a Microscopic Inspection Task: An Experimental Investigation1

Two laboratory tests and a field test demonstrated that inspection accuracy in a microscopic inspection task varied as a function of signal probability. Implications for inspection task design are ...
EPITHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION AND BIODISTRIBUTION OF RADIOLABELED UROGASTRONE IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA OF YOUNG AND OLD MICE

We have evaluated epithelial cell proliferation and biodistribution of radiolabeled recombinant human urogastrone/epidermal growth factor (125I rhUG/EGF) in the gastrointestinal mucosa of young (2+ months) and old (30+ months) mice. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with the metaphase arrest agent vincristine sulfate and intravenously with 125I rhUG/EGF. Animals were killed after two hours. Crypt cell production rate and uptake of radiolabeled urogastrone were measured in the same intestinal tissues. The results demonstrated that older animals had significantly greater crypt cell production rate as compared to young. However, the uptake of 125I rhUG/EGF was not significantly different (except in duodenum, where the uptake of 125I rhUG/EGF was significantly greater in young compared to old animals) between young and old animals. This suggests that increased epithelial cell proliferation in the aging animals is not associated with increased uptake of 125I rhUG/EGF. Thus epidermal growth factor/urogastrone may not be a primary factor for the intestinal kinetic differences which exist between young and old animals.
Current Trends in I&C Diversity Implementation

This paper discusses how reactor plant instrumentation and control (I&C) diversity implementation is achieved and impacted with evolving U.S. and worldwide diversity regulatory guidelines and requirements. With increased reliance on digital-based I&C architectures and risk-informed insight methods, diversity regulatory guidelines and requirements are still evolving. In some cases, the regulators are prescribing different methodologies to achieve the common goal of an adequate level of defense in depth through diversity. This paper analyzes differing diversity methodologies to compare and contrast rules as applied to actual diversity implementation on I&C systems.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A multivariate one-way classification model with random effects

Abstract In this paper a multivariate generalization of the one-way random effects model is investigated, maximum likelihood estimators are obtained, and the likelihood ratio test is derived for an hypothesis on the rank of the covariance matrix of the random effect vectors. Properties of the likelihood ratio test are investigated. A sequential procedure for determining the rank of the covariance matrix of the random effect vectors is presented.
Improving Reliability for Multi-home Inbound Traffic: MHLB/I Packet-Level Inter-domain Load-Balancing

Multi-homing is a network configuration that connects a customer network to multiple service providers. It is used to improve fault-tolerance and throughput. One of its problems is the lack of dynamic load-balancing for inbound network traffic to multi-homed networks, which prohibits us from taking advantage of multi-homing to improve reliability for inbound network traffic. This paper proposes a new routing architecture and a protocol, BGP-MHLB/I (BGP-Multi-Home Load Balancing/Inbound), to realize dynamic load-balancing for inbound traffic to multi-homed networks. In MHLB/I routing, reliability will be improved by a factor of (m ´ n), where m is the number of multiple BGP paths available between two end customer networks and n stands for the degree of multi-homing. Our analysis found approximately 80 multiple BGP paths available between two customer networks for up to two extra AS-hop paths. This finding suggests that the proposed BGP-MHLB/I routing will be an effective solution for improving reliability in the Internet.
Voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry with boron carbide electrodes

Abstract With the boron carbide electrode, Ep p 2 values were determined for the reduction of the following ions: Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Pb(II), Ru(IV), Sb(V), and U(VI). The linear dependence of peak current on concentration is demonstrated for the U(VI) → U(IV) and Fe(III) → Fe(II) reductions at the boron carbide electrode. The suitability of the electrode for the controlled-potential coulometric ti trations of Fe(II) → Fe(III), Fe(III) → Fe(II), and U(VI) → U(IV) was studied; the results were inconclusive because of the small surface area that could be used conveniently and the possibility of oxygen leaks in the cell.
Blind Separation of Noisy Multivariate Data Using Second-Order Statistics: Remote-Sensing Applications

In this paper a second-order method for blind source separation of noisy instantaneous linear mixtures is presented for the case where the signal order k is unknown. Its performance advantages are illustrated by simulations and by application to Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) multichannel visible/infrared data. The model assumes that m mixtures x of dimension n are observed, where x = Ap + Gw, and the underlying signal vector p has k < n/3 independent unit-variance elements. A is the mixing matrix, G is diagonal, and w is a normalized white-noise vector. The algorithm estimates the Second-Order separation matrix A, signal Order k, and Noise and is therefore designated as SOON. SOON first iteratively estimates k and G using a scree metric, singular-value decomposition, and the expectation-maximization algorithm, and then determines the values of AP and W. The final step estimates A and the set of m signal vectors p using a variant of the joint-diagonalization method used in the Second-Order Blind Identification (SOBI) and Second-Order NonStationary (SONS) source-separation algorithms. The SOON extension of SOBI and SONS significantly improves their separation of simulated sources hidden in noise. SOON also reveals interesting thermal dynamics within AVIRIS multichannel visible/infrared imaging data not found by noise-adjusted principal-component analysis.
Meeting Enrollees’ Needs: How Do Medicare And Employer Coverage Stack Up?

One key issue in health reform concerns the relative roles of coverage offered through private insurance and public programs. This paper compares the experiences of aged Medicare beneficiaries with those of people under age sixty-five who have private employer coverage. Compared with the employer-coverage group, people in the Medicare group report fewer problems obtaining medical care, less financial hardship due to medical bills, and higher overall satisfaction with their coverage. Although access and bill payment problems increased across the board from 2001 to 2007, the gap between Medicare and private employer coverage widened.
Results of Surgical Treatment in 300 Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The surgical treatment of epilepsy has been applied in the Department of Neurosurgery, Academy of Medicine, Warsaw since 1957. During the past 28 years over 3000 epileptic patients have been clinically investigated in our Department and 557 of them have been submitted to various kinds of surgical treatment. In most of these patients (455), resection of the epileptogenic focus was performed. Three hundred of them underwent temporal lobectomy. Before CT investigation was introduced, in about 6% of cases small tumors were found in the pathological investigations of the specimen. All such cases were excluded from this analysis.
The value of knowing a demand curve: bounds on regret for online posted-price auctions

We consider price-setting algorithms for a simple market in which a seller has an unlimited supply of identical copies of some good, and interacts sequentially with a pool of n buyers, each of whom wants at most one copy of the good. In each transaction, the seller offers a price between 0 and 1, and the buyer decides whether or not to buy, by comparing the offered price to his privately-held valuation for the good. The price offered to a given buyer may be influenced by the outcomes of prior transactions, but each individual buyer participates only once. In this setting, what is the value of knowing the demand curve? In other words, how much revenue can an uninformed seller expect to obtain, relative to a seller with prior information about the buyers' valuations? The answer depends on how the buyers' valuations are modeled. We analyze three cases - identical, random, and worst-case valuations - in each case deriving upper and lower bounds which match within a sublogarithmic factor.
Wie spezifisch regulieren Studierende ihre Motivation bei unterschiedlichen Anlässen

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, wie Studierende abhangig von den spezifischen Ursachen mangelnder Lernmotivation (geringe Erfolgserwartung vs. geringer subjektiver Wert in drei Phasen der Lernhandlung) ihre Motivation regulieren. 54 Studierende gaben an, wie erfolgreich sie sich bei den genannten 2 × 3 Regulationsanlassen motivieren und welche Strategien sie jeweils einsetzen, um ihre Motivation zu verbessern. Die Ergebnisse zum Regulationserfolg verwiesen darauf, dass Studierenden die Regulation ihrer Motivation abhangig vom Anlass unterschiedlich gut gelingt. Die Analysen zur Strategiewahl zeigten, dass die Studierenden anlassspezifisch unterschiedliche Strategien wahlen, uber alle Studierenden hinweg aber nur ein geringer Konsens hinsichtlich der Passung von Strategien und Situationen besteht. Insgesamt wiesen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Lernende verschiedene Ursachen mangelnder Motivation im Lernprozess wahrnehmen und spezifisch darauf reagieren.
SALT AND WATER BALANCE OF THE SPINY LOBSTER, PANULIRUS ARGUS: THE ROLE OF THE ANTENNAL GLANDS

1.Panulirus argus in full sea water differs from most other marine isosmotic decapods by regulating Cl− levels in the haemolymph slightly below those in sea water and by having haemolymph K+ levels similar to those in sea water. The species is typical in regulating haemolymph Na+ and Ca2+ above, and Mg2+ and SO42- below, sea-water levels of these ions. Its haemolymph Mg2+ and SO42- concentrations are amongst the lowest reported in marine decapods. 2.The antennal glands contribute to this regulation of Mg2+ SO42- and Cl− by producing urine with markedly, and approximately equally, elevated Mg2+ and SO42- levels, and slightly elevated Cl− levels, compared with those in the haemolymph. The antennal glands show a small tendency to conserve water. Note: Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6.
Mentalizing in practice.

I will need this entire chapter to explicate the concept of mentalizing (Fonagy, 1991), but we can get started with the idea of attending to states of mind in oneself and others – in Peter Fonagy’s apt phrase, holding mind in mind. I had been working intellectually with this concept for many months before I noticed how it was influencing the way I was conducting psychotherapy with traumatized patients. I remember the session in which theory and practice came together in my mind:
Engineering the organic semiconductor-electrode interface in polymer solar cells

Engineering the interfaces between organic semiconductors and electrodes minimizes interfacial resistances and enhances the performance of polymer solar cells. Organic semiconductors have intrinsically low free carrier densities, which can lead to large injection barriers if the work functions of the electrodes are not properly matched to the energy levels of the photoactive layers in electronic devices. One approach to engineer this crucial interface is through the judicious selection of electrode materials. Selecting the electrodes so their work functions match the energy levels of the organic semiconductors within the photoactive layer, however, can often compromise the environmental stability of polymer solar cells. One must thus strive to achieve a balance during device fabrication between the bulk properties of the electrode, such as electrical conductivity, and its interfacial properties, such as the energy alignment between the organic semiconductor and the electrode. Another approach to enhance charge extraction at the organic semiconductor-electrode interface is to adsorb molecular layers (MLs) on the electrode prior to the deposition of the photoactive layer. If the adsorbed molecules are preferentially oriented and they possess a net dipole moment, MLs can be utilized to modify the work function of the electrode so to minimize resistive losses during charge extraction. In this approach, one needs to take into account changes in the morphology of the photoactive layer – which undoubtedly also alters device performance – that result due to differences in the surface energy of the ML-modified electrode. As an alternative to completely replacing the electrode, interfacial modification via ML adsorption offers optimization of the charge extraction efficacy at the organic semiconductor-electrode interface independent of the bulk conductivity of the electrode.
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression in FNA samples from thyroid neoplasms

Abstract Background: Although fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the most sensitive method for the detection of thyroid carcinoma, it cannot provide a definitive diagnosis of malignancy in 60% of the patients operated on for suspicious lesions. Recently, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been found to be a diagnostic marker of malignancy. We therefore sought to determine whether hTERT gene expression could serve as an adjunct to FNA in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Methods: Twenty-four FNA samples from thyroid nodules that were suspected of malignancy were collected. RNA was extracted, and hTERT gene expression was examined by RT-PCR. Cytologic and histologic examinations were also performed. Results: Two of three follicular, three of three Hurthle cell, and eight of eight papillary thyroid carcinomas had corresponding FNA samples that were positive for hTERT. One of two Hurthle cell adenomas was hTERT positive. FNA samples from three follicular adenomas and five hyperplastic nodules were negative for hTERT. Positive and negative predictive values were 93% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions: The detection of hTERT gene expression in thyroid FNA samples holds promise as a diagnostic marker in the distinction of benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Its application could alter the surgical management of these patients. (Surgery 1999;126:1195-9.)
Professional equity as reported by biology teachers

In 1982, the National Association of Biology Teachers surveyed its membership in order to assess the role and status of women in biology education. Items describing roles, salaries, assignments, professional activities, and sexual bias were included in the survey. This paper compares the responses of male and female biology educators, draws conclusions from the data, and suggests implications for the science education profession. Inequality in several professional areas was revealed. More women than men were single and reported no dependent children. Women exceeded men in both the lower and upper ends of the distribution of years of experience. However, the percentage of men exceeded that of women in most salary brackets beyond $20,000 and more men reported paid consulting opportunities. Men tended to teach at larger institutions and, at all academic levels, more men taught “advanced” classes. More men than women were involved with research activities. However, neither sex felt that the other one received preferential treatment in regard to salary and promotion. The majority of education administrators as well as science and biology faculties were male. However, the recent influx of women into science education positions may produce important changes. It is recommended that a comparative study be conducted in five years.
Stress Wave Attenuation in Composite Materials

Abstract : An analysis is presented for one-dimensional wave propagation in composite materials. The effects of geometric dispersion and spatial attenuation are included through the introduction of a complex wave number. This type of problem arises when the constituents of the composite are viscoelastic or when heat is generated due to thermoelastic coupling or scattering from inclusions occurs. The analysis is restricted to the low-frequency portion of the response and is therefore valid only in the far field. (Author-PL)
Selecting Spatial Regimes by Threshold Analysis

The existence of differential spatial regimes has been revealed on different occasions (see for instance Arbia and Paelinck, 2003a, b; also see Chap. 14). Hence the necessity exists for developing workable specifications to compute possible frontiers or thresholds between those regimes.
Effects of genome-wide copy number variation on expression in mammalian cells

There is only a limited understanding of the relation between copy number and expression for mammalian genes. We fine mapped cis and trans regulatory loci due to copy number change for essentially all genes using a human-hamster radiation hybrid (RH) panel. These loci are called copy number expression quantitative trait loci (ceQTLs). Unexpected findings from a previous study of a mouse-hamster RH panel were replicated. These findings included decreased expression as a result of increased copy number for 30% of genes and an attenuated relationship between expression and copy number on the X chromosome suggesting an Xist independent form of dosage compensation. In a separate glioblastoma dataset, we found conservation of genes in which dosage was negatively correlated with gene expression. These genes were enriched in signaling and receptor activities. The observation of attenuated X-linked gene expression in response to increased gene number was also replicated in the glioblastoma dataset. Of 523 gene deserts of size > 600 kb in the human RH panel, 325 contained trans ceQTLs with -log10P > 4.1. Recently discovered genes, ultra conserved regions, noncoding RNAs and microRNAs explained only a small fraction of the results, suggesting a substantial portion of gene deserts harbor as yet unidentified functional elements. Radiation hybrids are a useful tool for high resolution mapping of cis and trans loci capable of affecting gene expression due to copy number change. Analysis of two independent radiation hybrid panels show agreement in their findings and may serve as a discovery source for novel regulatory loci in noncoding regions of the genome.
Nonlinear Spatial Equilibrium Algorithms: A Computational Comparison

This paper presents computational results from implementations of two previously published but untested algorithms for solving a class of very large problems arising in transportation: singlecommodity spatial price equilibrium problems with nonlinear excess demand fundtions. An indirect algorithm solves an approximating sequence of linear subproblems in a Newton-like iteration. A direct algorithm modifies the min-ratio test of the algorithm used for solving linear subproblems to accommodate the nonlinear excess demand functions, thus solving the problem directly. Although the direct algorithm is seemingly more elegant and would appear on the surface to be more efficient, we present evidence to support the hypothesis that unavoidable computational overhead required by an implementation of the direct method renders it far less efficient in most cases than the indirect method.
Microneck formation in polymer single crystals

Electron microscopy has been used to investigate the deformation by micronecking in single crystals of polyoxymethylene (POM), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (P4M1P), and poly[3,3-bis-(chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane] (BCMO). When drawn on Mylar, all three polymers form micronecks bridged by microfibrils pulled from the crystal. The results of this study indicate that there is a region approximately 200 A wide along the microneck edge that has properties different from those of the rest of the crystal. This difference appears as a change in the character of the gold particles along the microneck edges in crystals of all three polymers decorated with gold after stretch and as a gold-free area along the edges in crystals decorated before stretch. In P4M1P and BCMO vertically shadowed with platinum after stretch, a lighter region was often seen at the edge that seemed to be due to a local lack of platinum. POM crystals subjected to any of the shadowing techniques used often had definite darkening along the edges of the micronecks which seemed to be due to decoration by residual poly(acrylic acid) used in preparation.
Evaluation of Heavy Precipitation Forecasts Using Composite-Based Methods: A Distributions-Oriented Approach

Numerical forecasts of heavy warm-season precipitation events are verified using simple composite collection techniques. Various sampling methods and statistical measures are employed to evaluate the general characteristics of the precipitation forecasts. High natural variability is investigated in terms of its effects on the relevance of the resultant statistics. Natural variability decreases the ability of a verification scheme to discriminate between systematic and random error. The effects of natural variability can be mitigated by compositing multiple events with similar properties. However, considerable sample variance is inevitable because of the extreme diversity of mesoscale precipitation structures. The results indicate that forecasts of heavy precipitation were often correct in that heavy precipitation was observed relatively close to the predicted area. However, many heavy events were missed due in part to the poor prediction of convection. Targeted composites of the missed events indicate that a large percentage of the poor forecasts were dominated by convectively parameterized precipitation. Further results indicate that a systematic northward bias in the predicted precipitation maxima is related to the deficits in the prediction of subsynoptically forced convection.
Missions and Anthropology: A Love/Hate Relationship

This insightful article traces the history of anthropology through its earlier stages, and describes the ambivalent attitudes many missionaries developed toward this brash, emerging discipline. It ...
A Historical Look at Compensation and Disclosure: Cool and Refreshing!

Compensation and Disclosure.Compensation packages are intended to attract, retain, and motivate executives to perform in accordance with the long-term financial objectives of shareholders. Disclosure in the annual proxy is expected to be “clear, concise, and understandable.” And yet in recent years, compensation packages have grown increasingly complex in design and disclosure has grown correspondingly difficult to understand.We explore this issue by comparing the compensation and disclosure of Lorillard in 1948 to that of 2009.Topics, Issues and Controversies in Corporate Governance and Leadership: The Closer Look series is a collection of short case studies through which we explore topics, issues, and controversies in corporate governance. In each study, we take a targeted look at a specific issue that is relevant to the current debate on governance and explain why it is so important. Larcker and Tayan are co-authors of the book Corporate Governance Matters, and A Real Look at Real World Corporate Governance.
Evaluation of dose variation to normal and critical structures for lung hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose To quantify the dose received by normal and critical structures during lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) when registered to tumor or bone. Methods and Materials Sixteen patients with lung cancer receiving a total dose of 50 Gy in 4fractions for lung SBRT were retrospectively studied. Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) was performed for all fractions, and the images obtained were registered with planning CT with respect tosoft tissue for target localization. Isocenter shifts were determined for each fraction from differences between the bony and tumor alignments; doses were then recalculated based on the new isocenters and summed over all 4 fractions to compare against the planned normal and critical tissue dose. The normal and critical structures evaluated were total and ipsilateral lung, spinal cord, and esophagus. The first data collected were isocenter coordinate shifts in all 3 Cartesian coordinates for both tumor andbony alignments. The second were the dose differences to the normal and critical structures fromthe planned and recalculated doses for alignment based on the tumor. Results The study showed that while the maximum isocenter coordinate shifts in any direction couldbe as much as 1.60 cm, the normal and critical structure dose variations between the original plans and the simulated plans showed almost no change. The mean volume of total lung that receivedat least 20Gy difference for total lung and ipsilateral lung were 0.01% and −0.04%, respectively. For the esophagus, spinal cord, and heart the maximum and mean dose differences were 0.25 Gy and −0.04 Gy, −0.08 Gy and −0.02 Gy, and 0.02 Gy and 0.05 Gy, respectively. Conclusions Target localization using daily cone-beam CT with soft tissue registration was appropriate for minimizing the dose to the normal and critical structures without the need to re-plan due to the changes in the tumor position. For tumors located close to a critical structure, daily cone-beam CT is recommended to determine the appropriate isocenter shifts.
Interprofessional Education: A Summary of Reports and Barriers to Recommendations

Purpose Effective, quality care to achieve the newly developed sustainable development goals requires the development of collaborative teams and is predicated on implementing transformative interprofessional education and on team members who are equally empowered. This is a report on The Lancet commission on transformative education for health professionals and the National Academy of Medicine's dialogues on developing and implementing innovations to enhance collaborations and to facilitate the effectiveness of healthcare teams. Methods Using postcolonial feminist theory for critical analysis and integrations of findings from both reports, as well as for identification of barriers to achieving equity in team functioning. Findings The global Lancet commission and the National Academy of Medicine/Institute of Medicine forum developed frameworks that could be used to educate the next generation of professionals based on identifying the local needs of communities within a global context. Recommendations included breaking down silos that exists between schools and using an equity and justice framework in developing educational programs; utilizing contemporary innovations in teaching that correspond with innovations in healthcare systems; and insuring investments in time, energy, and resources in interprofessional education. However, without addressing the silos created through professional identities and power differentials, goals of interprofessional education and collaborative practice may not be achieved. Conclusions While a great deal has been written about interprofessional education, it is imperative for faculty in the different professional schools and for members of healthcare teams to engage in dialogues that address the fundamental and most obstinate barriers to forming equitable teams, which is the consistent narrative of medical privilege and centrism. Clinical Relevance The dialogues about medical privilege and physician centrism in education and health care could drive the development of programmatic approaches to enhancing interprofessional education and teamwork based on justice and equity frameworks.
For Black Models Scroll Down: Webcam Modeling and the Racialization of Erotic Labor

This article presents data from a sociological investigation of online webcam modeling. Webcam models represent a cohort of sex workers who sell a range of erotic fantasy to online voyeuristic patrons—from benign conversation to exotic strip tease to explicit sex acts. First, the article presents descriptive data based on participation observation on the website of focus, which here will be called mostpopularcams.com. Second, this article presents statistical analyses of models’ success as measured by the website-generated camscore (how the site measures monetary model success) with the independent variables of race and nation of origin (N = 343). Also drawing on data from participant observation, and by applying intersectionality, this study aims to highlight the intricate ways that race-, class-, and gender-based inequities are perpetuated on a popular webcam site. Webcamming is a form of online body work that is highly racialized. Given that scholars have recognized the ways in which the conditions of labor impact a sex worker’s success, experiences of exploitation, job satisfaction, and agency, this article examines race as a factor that overwhelmingly thwarts the success of black women in the online world of webcam modeling.
ANALYSIS OF MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG COVERAGE ENROLLMENT

Objectives. To identify factors associated with Medicare beneficiaries' choices of prescription drug plans as part of Medicare Advantage (MAPDs) or stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDPs) in order to help policy-makers understand what drives constituents’ choice between the two and potentially refine prediction models of future prescription drug plan enrollment. Study Design. We propose a methodology based on beta regression to identify factors associated with Medicare enrollees’ choice of MAPDs or PDPs. We consider demographic factors, medical condition factors and plan characteristics. Data Sources. We use county level MAPD/PDP penetration rates and Medicare population data for all counties in the United States, except in Alaska. Principal Findings. Our approach documents key differences in factors driving MAPD and PDP penetration rates. Conclusions. Our methodology provides insights into the different segments of the U.S. Medicare population that MAPDs and PDPs appeal to.
Effect of carbon dioxide and other gases on electrocardiogram of the right ventricle.

ConclusionThe rapid intravenous injection of gases or mineral oil in sufficient quantities to replace blood in the right ventricle of dogs will cause the reduction or loss of the initial ventricular deflection of the electrocardiogram in direct leads from the epicardial surface of the right ventricle.
The Impact of an Art Program on an Inpatient Oncology Unit

Although there is a growing body of literature describing the benefits of creative arts in health care, research in this area is limited. This article describes an exploratory qualitative research ...
Making every drop count for pediatric kidney transplant patients.

> “I stood at the head of the bed holding the screaming 2-year-old as gently as possible. As I held him, his bedside nurse spent 20 minutes milking blood from his heel to obtain the necessary tacrolimus level. The patient had received a living donor kidney transplant 7 days before, and his tacrolimus level had clotted both of the previous days. Our team needed this information to appropriately dose the immunosuppressive agent that would prevent rejection in his new kidney. Unfortunately, high levels of the same medication could also cause kidney injury. His mother muffled sobs as she tried to comfort him, and his father stormed out of the room with tears streaming down his angry face. As I held the child, I envisioned this same scene unfolding with every transplant patient for whom I had cared for over the course of my first year of fellowship on every day that I had ordered a tacrolimus level. After all of that trauma, the blood specimen clotted, and we were again left without the necessary information to make a sound clinical decision. His family later told me they would not allow another heel stick to be done on their son.” There has to be a better way. This mantra reverberates in the minds of trainees throughout medical school, residency, and fellowship as they try to understand why certain decisions are made, how specific processes became standard work, and why these processes vary so greatly between institutions. When faced with inefficient, unsafe, or low-value care, we often fail to question or take action to find and implement a better way. Trainees face an intimidating culture of hierarchy, which often hinders their drive to speak up about patient safety issues or raise questions about a process.1 This environment can also limit their desire …
Striving for Success in the Reference Interview: A Case Study

ABSTRACTThe reference interview is integral to the success of the reference transaction. Thus, learning to conduct an effective reference interview is essential for library and information science students. Despite abundant literature on how to conduct the interview, little research exists on how well library and information science students are applying competencies associated with the reference interview, and how successful their reference interactions are. Through a survey reflection on a course-embedded assignment, this study examines reference success from the point of view of the library and information science student and their patrons. The results of the study have implications for library faculty and employers and reference managers.