cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Association between Cortical Thickness and Children's Behavioral Inhibition.

Aim : To investigate sex differences in the association between cortical thickness and behavioral inhibition of 9-10 years old American children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional investigation used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Baseline ABCD data of 10249 American children between ages 9 and 10 were analyzed. The independent variable was cortical thickness measured by structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, behavioral inhibition, was measured based on the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral approach system (BAS). Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status indicators, and intracranial volume were covariates. Results: In the overall sample, high cortical thickness was not associated with behavioral inhibition in children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with cortical thickness’s effect on children’s behavioral inhibition, net of all confounders. The interaction indicated a statistically stronger positive effect of high cortical thickness on male behavioral inhibition compared to female children. Conclusion: Cortical thickness is a determinant of behavioral inhibition for male but not female American children. Male but not female children show better behavioral inhabitation at higher levels of cortical thickness.
Shakespeare and the Power of Performance: Character: depth, dialogue, page

During Shakespeare's lifetime, a vitalized print culture affected London's theatrical scene greatly. Making broad headway into the still strong culture of orality and storytelling, the “paper-sea” that John Florio noticed with some amazement left lasting marks on dramatic output and form. That print did so even as it drew energy from the regular performances at the purpose-built playhouses testifies to the close relationship the two media shared. While we are used to thinking of stage and page in fairly linear ways – printed sources, for example, leading to theatrical narratives that in turn form the basis for printed dramatic texts – there is good reason, as Barbara Mowat has argued, for understanding the “relationships among performance, playscript, and printed text” as “more fluid, more disturbed, than scholars have tended to imagine and describe them.” From such examples as the complicated material life of the Pericles story, 1607, and the testimony of Sir Richard Cholmeley's Players, in 1611, that they had performed only what was available in “the printed booke,” to the evidence, in the later Douai Shakespeare manuscripts, of “playtexts that have transmigrated from printed texts annotated for performance into manuscript playbooks,” it is clear that the connections between stage and page were dynamic, and resist univocal pronouncements concerning the directions or duration of agency. We have already seen how the striking physical ensemble of a clowning, “self-misformed lout” had migrated from the boards of the stage to Joseph Hall's satirical page in 1597's Virgidemiarum (see above, pp. 111–12).
Global and Local Analyses of Nonlinear Low-Rank Matrix Recovery Problems.

The restricted isometry property (RIP) is a well-known condition that guarantees the absence of spurious local minima in low-rank matrix recovery problems with linear measurements. In this paper, we introduce a novel property named bound difference property (BDP) to study low-rank matrix recovery problems with nonlinear measurements. Using RIP and BDP jointly, we first focus on the rank-1 matrix recovery problem, for which we propose a new criterion to certify the nonexistence of spurious local minima over the entire space. We then analyze the general case with an arbitrary rank and derive a condition to rule out the possibility of having a spurious solution in a ball around the true solution. The developed conditions lead to much stronger theoretical guarantees than the existing bounds on RIP.
Research Note: Evaluation of quinine as a chemoprophylactic candidate against histomoniasis in turkeys.

ABSTRACT Histomoniasis, also commonly referred to as blackhead disease, is caused by the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis. Since the removal of nitarsone in 2015, no approved prophylactics are available for mitigating histomoniasis. Disease incidence and high mortalities are frequently associated with turkey flocks, although infection of broiler breeders also occurs. Quinine is a naturally occurring alkaloid with antimalarial properties. In vitro assays have shown strong antihistomonal properties of quinine, leading to our hypothesis that quinine inclusion within the feed could prevent histomoniasis in turkeys. Selected concentrations of quinine were included within a turkey starter diet to evaluate effects on body weight gain (BWG), liver lesions, cecal lesions, and mortality of H. meleagridis-challenged turkeys. On day-of-hatch, poults were randomly assigned to either the basal diet or a quinine diet. Groups consisted of a non-challenged control (NC; basal diet), 0.022% quinine + challenge, 0.067% quinine + challenge, 0.2% quinine + challenge, or a positive-challenged control (PC; basal diet). On d 10, challenged groups were intracloacally inoculated with 105 H. meleagridis cells/turkey, and lesions were evaluated on d 21 post-infection. Individual body weights were recorded on d 0, d 10, and d 31 to calculate the pre-challenge and post-challenge BWG. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the d 0 to 10 pre-challenged BWG between quinine treatment diets and the basal diet. Similarly, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in post-challenge d10-31 BWG of the quinine dietary treatments as compared to the PC. Cumulative mortalities, liver lesions, and cecal lesions related to histomoniasis were not reduced (P > 0.05) in any of the quinine treatment groups as compared to the PC. Although quinine successfully reduced H. meleagridis cells in vitro, results from the in vivo experiment indicated no reduction in histomoniasis severity as evidenced by similar lesions and mortality as the PC. Taken together, these data indicate that quinine inclusion within the feed at these concentrations and under these experimental conditions was not efficacious in the prevention or treatment of histomoniasis.
On the Association Between Trauma-Related Shame and Symptoms of Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND A number of studies have identified significant associations between trauma-related shame and psychopathology including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociation, and depression. The aim of this paper was to assess the extent to which trauma-related shame is associated with psychological distress across populations (e.g., veterans, college students, women, clinical samples) and offer via meta-analyses a preliminary conclusion about the importance of assessing trauma-related shame. METHODS Records in Academic Search Complete, MedLine, MedLine Complete, PILOTS, PsycINFO, PsychTests, and PubMed were reviewed. Authors identified 25 studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported findings of an empirical study with quantitative results; (2) included any measurement of a trauma-related shame; and (3) included any measure of psychological distress or psychological symptoms. Data were extracted using a structured protocol, and random effects meta-analyses were calculated. FINDINGS There were moderate weighted mean correlations between trauma-related shame and symptoms of psychopathology (r = 0.44), trauma-related distress (r = 0.49), and depression (r = 0.35). There was significant heterogeneity among studies. Neither study quality nor sample characteristics were significant moderators. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated robust associations between trauma-related shame and symptoms of psychopathology broadly as well as trauma-related distress and depression. The findings underscore the importance of explicitly assessing trauma-related shame as part of standard care for trauma survivors who present for treatment. Several treatments explicitly address the role of shame and have demonstrated efficacy for reducing symptoms of trauma-related distress.
NMR "Crystallography" for Uniformly (13 C, 15 N)-Labeled Oriented Membrane Proteins.

In oriented-sample (OS) solid-state NMR of membrane proteins, the angular-dependent dipolar couplings and chemical shifts provide a direct input for structure calculations. However, so far only 1 H-15 N dipolar couplings and 15 N chemical shifts have been routinely assessed in oriented 15 N-labeled samples. The main obstacle for extending this technique to membrane proteins of arbitrary topology has remained in the lack of additional experimental restraints. We have developed a new experimental triple-resonance NMR technique, which was applied to uniformly doubly (15 N, 13 C)-labeled Pf1 coat protein in magnetically aligned DMPC/DHPC bicelles. The previously inaccessible 1 Hα -13 Cα dipolar couplings have been measured, which make it possible to determine the torsion angles between the peptide planes without assuming α-helical structure a priori. The fitting of three angular restraints per peptide plane and filtering by Rosetta scoring functions has yielded a consensus α-helical transmembrane structure for Pf1 protein.
Variable Fuel Tax Models

Four variable fuel tax models are investigated with respect to Alabama Highway Department operations. The Fixed Percentage Fuel Tax Model establishes the state gasoline tax as a constant percentage of the wholesale price of gasoline. The Price Index Economic Model pegs state fuel taxes to a ratio of price indexes. The Fuel Efficiency Tax Model relates the gasoline tax to the variables of Consumer Price Index and vehicle efficiency. The Sales Tax Model establishes a sales tax on the purchase of gasoline and motor fuel sold in the state. Estimates of the amount of revenue expected to be generated by each model are made. Advantages and disadvantages of each model are presented.
Chapter 9 Techniques for the Autoradiography of Diffusible Compounds

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses techniques for the autoradiography of diffusible compounds. Autoradiography is based on the use of photographic emulsions and substances labeled with radioisotope; the characteristics of the photographic emulsion and of the radiation of the isotope used are therefore important factors that determine the resolution of structure and time of photographic exposure. The compartmental, cellular, or subcellular deposition of radioactively labeled compounds in tissues can be assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Time-sequence studies and competition experiments with unlabeled analogs or antagonists provide morphological and functional information simultaneously, which may not be obtainable otherwise. For the successful application of autoradiography for the localization of diffusible substances, not chemically bound to stable tissue constituents, special prerequisites must be considered. During the preparation of the tissue and the autoradiogram, translocation of the radioactively-labeled compound and its metabolites must be avoided. This in turn necessitates the prevention of translocation of compounds and tissue constituents because of the postmortem changes and the use of fluids (especially solvents) during tissue preparation. Because compounds differ in molecular size and charge, binding, and the degree of immobilizability by histological fixatives, no safe prediction can be made for any of the compounds studied. This also applies to chemically-incorporated substances, if absolute values are to be obtained.
Characterization of Stabilizing Switching Sequences in Switched Linear Systems Using Piecewise Linear Lyapunov Functions

In this paper, the stability of switched linear systems is investigated using piecewise linear Lyapunov functions. Given a switched linear system, we present a systematic methodology for computing switching laws that guarantee stability based on the matrices of the system. We assume that each individual subsystem is stable and admits a piece-wise linear Lyapunov function. Based on these Lyapunov functions, we compose "global" Lyapunov functions that guarantee stability of the switched linear system. A large class of stabilizing switching sequences for switched linear systems is characterized by computing conic partitions of the state space. The approach is applied to both discrete-time and continuous-time switched linear systems.
Abstract MP51: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Unhealthy Weight Gain in College Students

CHOICES was a randomized control trial evaluating a one-credit college course and a social-network website to reduce unhealthy weight gain in young adults. The primary outcome was relative change in BMI and weight status between conditions at the end of the 24-month intervention. The study sample was 441 young adults attending 3 2-year colleges in the Twin Cities of Minnesota. At baseline the mean age of the sample was 22.8 and the sample was approximately 68% female, 73% white, and 71% lower income (income less than $12,000). At baseline 47% of the sample was overweight or obese with a mean BMI of 25.4. Students were randomized after baseline data were collected into one of two conditions. Students in the intervention condition took a one credit class focusing on weight gain prevention behaviors and were invited to participate in a social networking website designed to help individuals track and learn about weight related health behaviors and network with each other for support. The retention rate of participants at the final data collection period (24 months) was 83.4%. Adjusting for age, gender, race and education, there were no statistically significant differences in BMI between study conditions at 24 months (26.13: intervention and 26.09: control). However, the proportion of students that were overweight and obese was significantly smaller in the intervention condition (47%) as compared to the control condition (55%) at the 24-month period. Analyses also examined the extent to which participants maintained, gained and lost weight over the course of the trial. More that half (54%) of the sample gained weight (more than 3% of baseline weight) during the 24 months of the trial. There were no treatment differences between categories of weight stability. CHOICES is one of the first web-based weight gain prevention intervention trials to be conducted in 2-year or technical colleges and the results suggest that a primarily web-based intervention may be useful in helping young adults avoid transitioning from a healthy weight to overweight or obese weight status.
Electronic structure and reactions of transition metal complexes using effective core potentials

Effective core potentials are employed to study the geometries and binding energies of the species MCO and M(CO)4 for M=Ni, Pd and Pt, and addition reactions of H2 to W(d6) and Pt(d10) centers. Moller-Plesset perturbation theory is assessed as a means of incorporating electron correlation effects in transition metal species.
Surface Coil Intensity Correction and Non-linear Intensity Normalization Improve Pixel-Resolution Parametric Maps of Myocardial MRI Perfusion

We present a systematic approach to generate pixel-wise parametric maps from contrast-enhanced MR myocardial perfusion images. A surface coil intensity correction algorithm is used to compensate the myocardial intensity inhomogeneity. Non-linear intensity normalization is applied to color encode the pixel intensity. The preliminary result shows our technique is valuable in differentiating perfusion defects within myocardial regions of interest.
Obesity and cancer pathogenesis

Overweight and obesity have reached pandemic levels on a worldwide basis and are associated with increased risk and worse prognosis for many but not all malignancies. Pathophysiologic processes that affect this association are reviewed, with a focus on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer, lessons learned from the use of murine models to study the association, the impact of obesity on pancreatic cancer, the effects of dietary fats and cholesterol on cancer promotion, and the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome affects obesity and cancer.
Fine mapping two distinct antigenic sites on simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen reactive with SV40-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones by using SV40 deletion mutants.

Abstract The existence of two distinct antigenic sites at the surface of simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed H-2b cells has been previously demonstrated (A. E. Campbell, L. F. Foley, and S. S. Tevethia, J. Immunol. 130:490-492, 1983) by using two independently isolated SV40-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones, K11 and K19. We identified amino acids in the amino-terminal half of SV40 T antigen that are essential for the recognition of antigenic sites by these CTL clones by using H-2b cells transformed by mutants that produce T antigen truncated from the amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal end or carrying overlapping internal deletions in the amino-terminal regions of SV40 T antigen. The results show that CTL clone K11 failed to recognize and lyse target cells missing SV40 T-antigen amino acids 189 to 211, whereas CTL clone K19 lysed these cells. The cell lines missing SV40 T-antigen amino acids 220 to 223 and 220 to 228 were not lysed by CTL clone K19 but were susceptible to lysis by CTL clone K11. Two other cell lines missing amino acids 189 to 223 and 189 to 228 of SV40 T antigen were not lysed by either of the CTL clones but were lysed by SV40-specific bulk-culture CTL if sufficient amounts of relevant restriction elements were expressed at the cell surface. The SV40 T-antigen amino acids critical for the recognition of an antigenic site by CTL clone K11 were identified to be 193 to 211; 220 to 223 were identified as critical for recognition by CTL clone K19. The deletion of these amino acids from the T antigen resulted in the loss of antigenic sites specific for CTL clones K11 and K19.
A Student Nurse Externship Program: Academia and Service Collaboration

Kaiser Permanente Southern California recently began an innovative student nurse externship program to maximize students' clinical experience before graduation. The program consisted of content and exercises to transform knowledge into practice. The strategies included integrating quality and safety competencies into practice, self-reflection for clinical judgment, role-based nursing practice, SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation) standardized communication, and ongoing support. This program demonstrated service and academia's ability to work together on a mutually beneficial goal: narrowing the preparation-practice gap.
Incorporation of 5-Diazouracil-2-14C into Ribonucleic Acids of Escherichia coli During Division Inhibition

Radioactive diazouracil (DZU-2-14C) was rapidly incorporated into acid-insoluble material of Escherichia coli B. Isolated ribonucleic acid contained essentially all of the incorporated label, and this was solubilized by ribonucleases but not by deoxyribonuclease. A maximum of 45 to 50% of added label was incorporated at division-inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations. Incorporation levels and filament-forming capacity were concomitantly depressed by preincubation of DZU in various medium components. The lower levels of incorporation brought about by preincubation were apparently related to an inherent instability or high reactivity of the DZU. The limit on incorporation of fresh DZU suggests the presence of geometrical isomers in the original DZU. The nature of these isomers and the reactivity of DZU are discussed in relation to its use in future cell division studies.
Housework: Cause and consequence of gender ideology?

Nearly all quantitative studies examining the association between the division of housework and gender ideology have found that gender egalitarianism results in less housework for wives, more for husbands, and more equal sharing of housework by couples. However, a few studies suggest housework has a nontrivial influence on gender ideology. An overreliance on single-direction, single-equation regression models and cross-sectional data has limited past research from making strong claims about the causal relationship between gender ideology and housework. We use data on married couples from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households and nonrecursive simultaneous equation models to assess the causal relationship between housework and gender ideology. Results show a mutual and reciprocal relationship between the division of housework and gender ideology for both husbands’ and wives’. Reciprocity is strongest for husbands while for wives the relationship is partially indirect and mediated through their husbands’ gender ideologies.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING COLOR OF PORCELAIN ENAMELS

The fundamental basis of color specification, namely, brilliance, purity, and dominant wave length, has been determined from spectrophotometric curves by means of an integrating calculator. The effect of variations in the particle size of the frit and the coloring agents on the purity, brilliance, and dominant wave length has also been studied.
Problems of Islamic Political Thought in the Light of Recent Developments in Pakistan

PERHAPS THE MOST MEANINGFUL APPROACH to problems of Islamic political thought is a retrospective one. Starting from the ideological issues presently in dispute in the Middle East, it is possible to hope for relevance in a field of research only sparingly cultivated and vaguely determined. The major contemporary issue may be loosely entitled "the problem of the nature of an Islamic State." This problem is not as academic as it looks, for the twentieth century knows several allegedly Islamic States: Saudi-Arabia, Morocco, Pakistan, the Yemen, and possibly even Libya. If we accept the establishment of Islam as a possible criterion of Islamic statehood, than Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iran and Afghanistan may be similarly considered relevant varieties. The magnitude of the problem is revealed in a simple listing. The conflict between the various notions of an Islamic State implicit in the forms of these states is in sharp contradistinction to a single widely accepted exposition of the doctrine of Classical Caliphate. The issue is the more complicated by the fact that there is disagreement among diverse groups in most of these countries on the nature of an Islamic State, despite constitutional compromises. Nor can we afford to avoid the evident truth that differences among various groups are not solely determined by ideological disagreement, but that social orientations and political aspirations must be considered. The single widely accepted doctrine of the Classical Caliphate to which we have referred, is that of al-Mawardl.l The influence of the work in question has come to bear on modern Muslim thought through two channels; first, through Western expositions,
Does acute exposure to amiodarone prolong cardiac action potential duration

Abstract 1. 1. The acute effects of a potent antiarrhythmic agent, amiodarone (AM), were studied in isolated guinea pig ventricular muscle. Transmembrane action potentials were recorded by conventional microelectrode techniques, and isometric contractile tension, by a strain gauge. 2. 2. Short-term (30 min) exposure to 4.4 × 10 −5 M AM did not significantly effect action potential characteristics, whereas the peak developed tension was significantly depressed. 3. 3. On the other hand, long-term (3–5 hr) exposure to the same concentration of AM led to a significant decrease in the resting membrane potential, amplitude of action potential, overshoot of action potential, maximum upstroke velocity of action potential, and the peak developed tention. However, the duration of action potential at all levels of repolarization was not significantly effected by 4.4 × 10 −5 M AM during the entire duration of the experiment. 4. 4. These results suggest that the acute AM's antiarrhythmic actions reported may be not due to APD-lengthening action, but probably due to other actions (mainly, inhibition of Na + channels, Ca 2+ channels).
Critically Assessing the Application of Quantum Corrections to Classical Thermal Conductivity Predictions

Quantum corrections can be used to map the thermal conductivity predicted in a classical framework [e.g., a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation] to a corresponding value in a quantum system. This procedure is accomplished by equating the total energies and energy fluxes of the classical and quantum systems. The validity of these corrections is questionable because they are introduced in an ad hoc manner and are not derived from first principles. In this work, the validity of these quantum corrections is examined by comparing the thermal conductivity of Stillinger-Weber silicon calculated using a full quantum mechanical treatment to a quantum-corrected value predicted from a classical framework between temperatures of 10 K and 1000 K. The quantum and classical predictions are obtained using anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations. We find discrepancies between the quantum-corrected predictions and the quantum predictions obtained directly. We investigate the causes of these discrepancies and from our findings, conclude that quantum thermal conductivities cannot be predicted by applying simple corrections to the values obtained from a purely classical framework.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
“Europe of the regions”: A new hope for ethnic minorities?

(1994). “Europe of the regions”: A new hope for ethnic minorities? History of European Ideas: Vol. 19, No. 4-6, pp. 655-661.
Speed of choosing in relation to the preference value of the incentive

Speed of choosing was found to relate positively to the magnitude of the difference in preference value holding between pairs presented to retardates.
One-year mortality rates following methadone treatment discharge.

Abstract Objectives: Mortality among 507 patients in a methadone program over a 1-year period was assessed. Methods: Mortality was determined for patients in treatment ( n =397), and 12 months later for those discharged ( n =110). Results: Of discharged patients, 8.2% (9/110) had died, of which six were caused by heroin overdose. None of the discharged clients were in treatment at the time of death. All deaths were among clients who either dropped out of treatment or were discharged unfavorably from the program. Comparatively, only 1% (4/397) of patients died while enrolled in treatment. Conclusion: Death rates, especially overdose, are high among patients who are unfavorably discharged or drop out of methadone treatment. Efforts should be made to retain these at-risk patients in methadone treatment even though treatment response may be suboptimal.
Helping patients choose an appropriate method of birth control.

In the US nurse practitioners and nurse midwives handle most family planning visits (e.g. >60% in Georgia). These are prime opportunities to counter the often incomplete and misleading information imparted by friends and mass media about contraceptives. Age health status childbearing plans coital frequency changes and changing lifestyle priorities determine womens contraceptive needs throughout the reproductive years. Nurses should provide patients accurate information about failure rates of various family planning methods. When counseling patients about these methods nurses should consider coital frequency. For example women who partake in intercourse often should consider methods providing the greatest protection against pregnancy e.g. oral contraceptives (OCs) IUD and implants; but those who do not may consider barrier methods. Nurses should also determine how a woman would respond to an unplanned pregnancy to help guide her in making a decision about contraceptive use. Other factors to consider include age fertility and childbearing intentions. They also should counsel patients about protection from sexually transmitted diseases. Nurses and their patient need to discuss the importance of spontaneity and convenience and comfort level with touching their own bodies. Health history is also an integral factor in making a decision about using a safe family planning method. For example women over 35 years old who smoke and those with a history of thromboembolic and cerebrovascular conditions and breast cancer should not use OCs. Similarly women with active thromboembolic disorders acute liver disease jaundice unexplained vaginal bleeding and breast cancer should not use implants. Women with multiple sex partners should not choose the IUD because of the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. Barrier methods are relatively safe and effective contraceptives when used correctly. Consistent use of natural family planning methods can adequately prevent pregnancy. Nurses have a special responsibility to inform adolescents about reproductive health and family planning.
Risk-taking behaviors and other correlates of seat belt use among university students.

A cross-sectional study of 1,077 students enrolled in a large, comprehensive Midwestern university in the United States was conducted to elicit a better understanding of the correlates of seat belt use. Examined were seven risk-taking behaviors, health-promoting behavior, and age, sex, and race. Overall, five of the seven risk-taking behaviors, including cigarette smoking status, drinking status, amount of alcohol consumed, drug use, and drinking and driving were inversely correlated with the frequency of seat belt use ( P =0.00). Health-promoting behavior, as measured by a 48-item index, was positively associated with seat belt use ( r =0.21; P =0.00). Females and whites were more likely to wear seat belts than males or nonwhites, respectively. There was no significant difference in seat belt use by age. Regression analysis on all 11 variables examined revealed that drug use, smoking status, and sex were significant predictors of seat belt use. Overall, the 11 variables explained 13.3% of the variance in seat belt use. Stepwise regression showed that slightly more than half of the explained variance could be attributed to amount of alcohol consumed and drug use ( R 2 =0.071; P =0.00).
Inductive Inference from Theory-Laden Data

Formalisation d'une logique de la decouverte. Les AA. s'inspirent de la theorie formelle de l'apprentissage, et pratiquent la combinaison de la theorie de la recursion avec une methodologie inductive. L'enjeu philosophique d'une telle methodologie est le relativisme conceptuel. Les AA. construisent une approche formelle d'une verite relative pour limiter les effets negatifs du relativisme metaphysique. Ils explorent les facons d'obtenir une verite relative a partir d'un ensemble flexible de donnees
Corrosion of the joining metallurgy in multilayer substrates during processing

Difficulties encountered with respect to solder wettability and the ability of gold wire to bond to nickel-and-gold plated, thick-film, molybdenum bonding pads were traced to stains observed on the pads after the plating processes. These strains were, in turn, found to be due to galvanic corrosion occurring during processing. The mechanism of stain formation is explained in terms of the lowered ability of nickel to passivate itself upon alloying with molybdenum during the diffusion step following nickel plating, the pitting nature of the corrosion cell, and the insolubility of the corrosion product. >
A quasi-self-consistent axially symmetric model for the growth of a ring current through earthward motion from a pre-storm configuration

Abstract A quasi-self-consistent axially symmetric model of a storm-time ring current that has evolved quasi-adiabatically through inward motion from a prestorm state is presented in which the disturbance field as a function of geocentric distance, r, in the equatorial plane (including the value, H, at r = 0 from which Dst can be found), the beta of the plasma as a function of r, and the ring current magnetic moment are all given in terms of analytic expressions, having only two independent ring current parameters: the geocentric distance to the inner edge of the ring current, R, and the distance at which the beta of the plasma is unity, k—a constant of the model. The model is used to find H as a function of R at constant k, which corresponds to the growth of Dst as the ring current moves earthward, and to illustrate how the radial profile of the disturbance field varies also as the ring current moves earthward. Comparison with published S3-A storm-time, particle and field data shows reasonable agreement. The model is also able to fit the empirically determined relationship between Dst and the equatorward extension of quiet auroral arcs. This result applied to the great magnetic storm of September 1859 predicts a Dst of the order of 2000 nT, a value for which the sparse magnetometer data for that storm offer some support. Because the model (quasi) self-consistently determines the particle distribution function by allowing it to (quasi) adiabatically evolve in a field of its own making, the model avoids difficulties encountered by previous ring current models in which the particle distribution function had to be assumed. For example, the ring current magnetic moment is not limited to values less than the geomagnetic dipole moment, and null points in the field do not develop even in very high beta situations.
Vertical Structure and Patent Pools

It is well known that patent pools can enhance efficiency by eliminating the complements problem. This paper investigates how the presence of vertically integrated firms affects the economic impact of a patent pool. Without a patent pool, the presence of integrated firms may either increase or decrease the final product price as there are two countervailing effects – reduced double marginalization and raising rivals’ costs. However, when there is a patent pool, vertical integration always lowers the final product price. In conclusion, the economic efficiency arguments for patent pools are enhanced when some firms are vertically integrated.
Scalable semantic analytics on social networks for addressing the problem of conflict of interest detection

In this article, we demonstrate the applicability of semantic techniques for detection of Conflict of Interest (COI). We explain the common challenges involved in building scalable Semantic Web applications, in particular those addressing connecting-the-dots problems. We describe in detail the challenges involved in two important aspects on building Semantic Web applications, namely, data acquisition and entity disambiguation (or reference reconciliation). We extend upon our previous work where we integrated the collaborative network of a subset of DBLP researchers with persons in a Friend-of-a-Friend social network (FOAF). Our method finds the connections between people, measures collaboration strength, and includes heuristics that use friendship/affiliation information to provide an estimate of potential COI in a peer-review scenario. Evaluations are presented by measuring what could have been the COI between accepted papers in various conference tracks and their respective program committee members. The experimental results demonstrate that scalability can be achieved by using a dataset of over 3 million entities (all bibliographic data from DBLP and a large collection of FOAF documents).
Diffusion of As and Sb in HgCdTe

Abstract This paper reports the diffusion mechanisms of ion-implanted As and Sb in HgCdTe, grown by metalorgic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and on the application of the resultant findings to the As diffusion from a grown source. A diffusion model was developed from a chemical analysis using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and a Gaussian theoretical model. The nature of the As and Sb diffusion mechanism and the various components of the diffusion profile were investigated. The most controllable mechanism is found to be the atomic vacancy-based component in which As and Sb start on the Te sublattice. The associated diffusion coefficients of D 400° C =3 x 10 -14 cm 2 /s and D 450° C =2 x 10 -13 cm 2 /s for As and D 350° C = 0.9 x 10 -14 cm 2 /s, and D 400° C =4 x 10 -13 cm 2 /s for Sb were calculated from the experimental data. The dislocation density and its distribution were the main cause for the enhancement of As diffusion in the tailing components. The proper choice of ion implantation and anneal conditions reduced the tailing components of the diffusion profile for a given dislocation density. High performance p-on-n photodiodes at 77 K were demonstrated, using As diffusion, from implanted and grown source, into n-type In doped HgCdTe grown on GaAs/Si substrates.
The effect of air flow rate in collector-storage walls

Abstract A one-dimensional thermal circuit network model of the collector-storage wall is developed based on the energy balances of the collector-storage wall and the building. This one-dimensional model is compared with a two-dimensional model to determine the effects of nonuniform heat flow through the wall. The results show that a one-dimensional model, which assumes that the air temperature varies exponentially in the flow direction, gives excellent agreement compared with the two-dimensional model. The one-dimensional model is used to determine the effects of air flow rate and gap heat transfer coefficient on the auxiliary heating energy consumption. It is found that auxiliary heating requirements are not significantly affected by air flow in the gap.
fMRI predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric anxiety disorders.

Introduction A growing number of studies have found evidence that anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with atypical amygdala hyperactivation, which decreases with effective treatment. Interest has emerged in this phenomenon as a possible biological marker for individuals who are likely to benefit from tailored treatment approaches. Objective The present study was designed to examine relationships between pretreatment amygdala activity and treatment response in a sample of anxious children and adolescents. Materials and methods Participants, who were diagnosed predominantly with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning before treatment with fluoxetine or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Results Results indicated significant negative associations between degree of left amygdala activation and measures of posttreatment symptom improvement in the group, as a whole. Discussion Taken together with research on associations between adult amygdala activation and treatment response, these findings suggest that patients whose pretreatment amygdala activity is the strongest may be particularly likely to respond well to such widely used treatments as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications and CBT.
Revision rhinoplasty using porous high-density polyethylene implants to reestablish ethnic identity.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate a surgical technique used for patients requiring revision rhinoplasty to reestablish their ethnic identity. Methods: A retrospective review involved 29 patients who underwent revision rhinoplasty to reestablish their ethnic identity using residual septal cartilage and porous polyethylene implants. The follow-up period ranged from 6 month to 7 years. Results: For all patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty, multiple porous polyethylene implants were used to reestablish ethnic identity and to restore nasal function. Implant extrusion developed in one (3.4%) of the 29 patients. There were no cases of postimplant infection. Conclusions: In our experience, patients who feel they have lost their ethnic identity after primary rhinoplasty tend to have overresected dorsal cartilage and bone and overresected tip cartilages. The use of multiple porous polyethylene implants in revision rhinoplasty to restore ethnic identity can provide the necessary grafting material needed for reconstruction. Many grafting options are available. According to our experience, porous polyethylene provides safe, effective, and reliable results.
Experimental Study of an Ultra-High Performance, 3-D Micro Convective Heat Sink With a Constructal Plumbing System

This paper presents the fabrication and results of an experimental study carried out to determine the thermal fluid performance of a 3-D, active micro convective heat sink having high surface-to-volume ratio geometry. The heat sink consists of an array of elemental units arranged in parallel. Each unit is constructed as a network of nearly fractal geometry. The design of each unit uses the constructal method to minimize the point-to-point temperature difference within the heat sink and Murray’s Law to minimize pressure drop across the device. One elemental unit of the heat sink was manufactured using the tape casting fabrication method with thick silver film techniques. An experiment was conducted using water as the coolant under laminar flow conditions to obtain the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of the 3-D micro convective heat sink. The results were then compared with theoretical calculations.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Plan for the Publication of a Corpus Commentariorum Averrois in Aristotelem

B IBLIOGRAPHERS, by the practice of their profession, will always list Averroes among Arabic authors. But if there is a process of naturalization in literature corresponding to that in citizenship, the writings of Averroes belong not so much to the language in which they were written as to the language into which they were translated and through which they exerted their influence upon the course of the world's philosophy. In the original Arabic the career of Averroism was brief. It came to an end with the abrupt disappearance of philosophic activity among the Arabic-speaking peoples, which synchronizes with the death of Averroes. Arabic philosophy, unlike Hebrew and Latin, did not enjoy a fruitful though declining old age. It was cut off in its prime through untoward political conditions. Among his own people Averroes left no disciples to continue his teachings nor an active opposition to keep them alive. His name, it has been pointed out by Renan, is not even mentioned in the standard Arabic works of biography.' Of his commentaries on Aristotle about one third is lost in the original language, and of those extant the number of manuscripts is very small and a considerable part of them are written in Hebrew characters and have been preserved by Jews. Most of the manuscripts in Arabic characters had been unknown until very recently, when they were dug up in oriental libraries. As to a literature dealing with the texts and the teachings of Averroes' commentaries, there is hardly a trace of it in Arabic. The tremendous influence which Averroes' commentaries on Aristotle had upon the history of Western philosophy was achieved through the Hebrew and Latin translations. The first Hebrew translation of an Averroian commentary on Aris-
Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Double Termini-Protected 2–5A Antisense Chimeras

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication was reduced by greater than 90% after treatment of infected human tracheal epithelial cell line, 9HTE, with double termini-protected 2–5 A antisense chimeras.
Geolocated video in Qatar: A media demonstration research project

Geolocated video represents an opportunity for innovation in journalism and media. Reported here are the results of a proof-of-concept research project demonstrating and assessing the process of creating geolocated video in journalism and media. Geolocated refers to tagging video or other media content with geographic location information, usually obtained from GPS data. Geolocation is a growing feature of news and media content. It is being used increasingly in photographs and social media, including Twitter posts. Geolocation in video is a relatively new application. Employing a proof-of-concept method, this project demonstrates how geolocated video (using Kinomap technology) serves several purposes in news and media (see Figure 1). First, geolocation allows the content to be automatically uploaded to Google Earth or other mapping software available online. This enables others anywhere to access that content by location. It is an aspect of Big Data, in that it permits mapping or other analysis of geoloc...
Suppression of parasitic lasing in large-aperture Ti:sapphire laser amplifiers

Transverse, parasitic lasing has been observed in several large Ti:sapphire disk amplifiers. It severely limits the signal gain and the pulse energy that can be extracted from the amplifier. We have developed a technique for suppressing these parasitic lasing modes based on index matching the crystal edges with an absorbing doped polymer thermoplastic. The parasitics are completely suppressed for the range of aperture sizes and pump fluences studied here. A comparison of the amplifier performance before and after edge cladding is presented for several Ti:sapphire crystals.
The evolution of internet genres

Abstract New Internet writing environments differ significantly from print forms. They allow texts to evolve—to change their purpose and audience over time. They allow for new forms of collaboration—texts organize themselves without an omniscient editor shaping them. As a profession, we need to understand and experiment with these forms.
Evoked response study of postulated neural circuit associated with sleep-waking process

Abstract The experimental evidence presentes has: (1) indicated that there is a pathway in the lower brain stem which originates in the midbrain reticular formation (MRF), passes through the region of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and returns to both sides of the MRF; (2) shown that the information flow (in the form of evoked responses) along this pathway between the MRF and the NTS exists in proper time relationship; (3) shown that by manipulating the excitability of the region of the NTS by the topical application of a local anesthetic (Xylocaine) this information flow can be altered.
Pion mean free path in nuclear matter

Abstract The mean free paths for true absorption and inelastic scattering-as well as true absorption alone-of pions in symmetric nuclear matter are deduced from two sets of optical model parameters.
Geriatric emergency medicine: A survey of practicing emergency physicians

Study objectives: To evaluate the current status of clinical, educational, social, ethical, and resource issues related to the care of the elderly among practitioners of emergency medicine. Design: A mailed survey instrument. Setting: None. Type of participants: Practicing emergency physicians randomly drawn from the membership list of the American College of Emergency Physicians. Interventions: None Measurements and main results: A total of 971 surveys were mailed, with 433 useable surveys among the 485 (50%) respondents. The surveyed emergency physicians anticipated a major impact on emergency department patient flow and bed availability in the hospital and ICU as the population ages. For each of seven clinical presentations (abdominal pain, altered mental status, chest pain, dizziness/vertigo, fever without a source, headache, multisystem trauma), 45% or more of the emergency physicians have more difficulty in the management of older compared with younger patients. Most respondents reported that each of these presentations required more time and resources for older patients. The majority believed research, the availability of continuing medical education, and time spent during residency training regarding geriatric emergency medicine was inadequate. Conclusion: Practicing emergency physicians are uncomfortable with elderly patients, and this may reflect the inadequacies of training, research, and continuing education in geriatric emergency medicine.