cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enamel Proteases Reduce Amelogenin-Apatite Binding

Organic matrix degradation and crystal maturation are extracellular events that occur simultaneously during enamel biomineralization. We hypothesized that enamel proteases control amelogenin-mineral interaction, which, in turn can affect crystal nucleation, organization, and growth. We used a recombinant amelogenin (rP172), a homolog of its major cleavage product (rP148), and a native amelogenin lacking both N- and C-termini (13k). We compared apatite binding affinity between amelogenins and their digest products during proteolysis. We further compared binding affinity among the 3 amelogenins using a Langmuir model for protein adsorption. Amelogenin-apatite binding affinity was progressively reduced with the proteolysis at the C- and N- termini by recombinant pig MMP-20 (rpMMP20) and recombinant human kallikrein-4 (rhKLK4), respectively. The binding affinity of amelogenin to apatite was found to be in the descending order of rP172, rP148, and 13k. Analysis of our data suggests that, before its complete degradation during enamel maturation, stepwise processing of amelogenin by MMP-20 and then KLK4 reduces amelogenin-apatite interaction.
Sensitivity of Ozone Concentrations to Rate Constants in a Modified SAPRC90 Chemical Mechanism Used for Canadian Lower Fraser Valley Ozone Studies

The SAPRC90 chemical mechanism implemented in CALGRID is modified and updated for the specific emissions and applications of the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) of British Columbia, Canada. Explicit reactions related to biogenic emissions and alternative fuels are added. The sensitivity of ozone formation to rate parameters in the mechanism is determined for an episode specific trajectory which originates under relatively clean marine conditions and passes over the urban core of Vancouver during the morning rush hour. Of the 137 reactions in the modified mechanism, the rate constants of 44 reactions are found to have a high sensitivity on ozone formation. The 44 reactions are further divided into general sensitive reactions, for which rate constant changes near the base case values have observable effects on maximum ozone concentrations, and limit-sensitive reactions, for which rate constant changes of more than an order of magnitude are required to have an observable impact on ozone concentrations. For the sensitive reactions, both ozone sensitivity coefficients for small changes (20%) in the rate constants and effects on ozone caused by large rate constant changes (factors of 0, 0.5, and 2) are calculated. Of note is the importance of several photolysis reactions and the reactions of OH with a class of reactive aromatics, including xylenes, on ozone concentrations in the LFV.
Progesterone acts through protein kinase C to remodel the cytoplasm as the amphibian oocyte becomes the fertilization-competent egg

The fertilization-competent Xenopus egg undergoes a contraction of its cortex towards the apex of the pigmented animal hemisphere within 10 min of fertilization. Evidence suggests that protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the assembly of this contractile network and we show that PKC is rapidly activated as a result of exposure of oocytes to progesterone. Xenopus oocytes contain at least five different isotypes of PKC. Three actin-binding proteins (i.e. vinculin, talin and ankyrin) appear to play an early role in the assembly of the contractile network and one of the proteins (vinculin) becomes phosphorylated shortly after progesterone treatment as the contractile network is assembling. Our results indicated that progesterone acts through a phospholipase to activate PKC and that PKC participates in the remodeling of the cytoplasmic compartment as the oocyte becomes the egg.
Review: Yoga reduces low back pain and back-specific disability

Source Citation Cramer H, Lauche R, Haller H, Dobos G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2013;29:450-60. 23246998
Rx small retailer survival: Community demand analysis

The sole proprietorship form of retailing organization comprises 60% of all retailers. Their average annual sales amounts to $31,600 while their average annual profit (including provision for salary) is $2,700. This group constitutes the poverty segment of the business community. Most in government and business consider the plight of the small retailer to be unsolvable. This article suggests a plan which could represent a major advance to improve the small retailers economic position. Means are presently available to determine community requirements for goods and services. The author contends that community demand analysis is a major key to the problem. The article outlines what is needed and how the plan could be implemented.
Chemical weathering on Mars - Thermodynamic stabilities of primary minerals /and their alteration products/ from mafic igneous rocks

Chemical weathering on Mars is examined theoretically from the standpoint of thermodynamic equilibrium between primary rock-forming minerals and the atmospheric gases O2, H2O, and CO2. The primary minerals considered are those common to mafic igneous rocks and include olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite, troilite, pyrrhotite, and apatite. The importance of kinetics and reaction mechanisms in controlling possible weathering processes on Mars is discussed within the limits of currently available data, and the possible influence of liquid water on Martian weathering processes is evaluated where appropriate. For gas-solid weathering of mafic igneous rocks at the Martian surface, it is concluded that upon attainment of thermodynamic equilibrium: (1) oxides and carbonates should dominate the mineral assemblage of weathering products; (2) hematite rather than goethite should be the stable mineral form of Fe (III); (3) FeSO4 or FeSO4.H2O could be the stable weathering product of iron sulfides in the absence of liquid water; and (4) kaolinite is apparently the only clay mineral that should be thermodynamically stable over all ranges of temperature and water-vapor abundance at the Martian surface.
Characterization of an X-chromosome PCR-RFLP marker associated with fat deposition and growth in the pig.

Summary The X-chromosome, highly conserved within mammals, has been shown to contain major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for growth and fat deposition in the pig. We have discovered a BamHI polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) marker that was assigned to the porcine X-chromosome by two-point and multi-point linkage analysis following genotyping of a three-generation Berkshire by Yorkshire reference family. The marker was positioned 9 cM telomeric to SW2126 and 15.6 cM centromeric to SW1943. Sequence flanking the marker was found to have high similarity to existing database porcine DNA repeat elements. Association analyses of the BamHI marker for growth and meat quality traits in the reference family revealed significant association with marbling (P < 0.03), 10th rib back fat (P < 0.09) and total lipid percentage (P < 0.05), as well as with loin eye area (P < 0.04), average glycolytic potential (P < 0.03) and average lactate content (P < 0.04). Further studies are required to determine the X-chromosome functional gene affecting fat deposition and growth in the pig.
BEYOND “ACADEMICIZATION”: THE POSTWAR AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY

The still astonishing expansion of the American university since World War II has transformed the nation's intellectual and cultural life in myriad ways. Most intellectual historians familiar with this period would agree, I suppose, that among the conspicuous changes is the sheer increase in the size and diversity of intellectual and cultural activity taking place on campuses across the country. After all, we know that colleges and universities that employ us also provide full- and part-time academic appointments to novelists, poets, playwrights, filmmakers, choreographers, composers, classical and jazz musicians, painters, photographers, and sculptors, even though most of them probably began their careers with little or no desire to join us in the halls of academe. This now widespread employment practice has decentralized the nation's literary and artistic talent. It also has made for a manifold increase in degree-granting programs in writing and the creative arts. One example will suffice here. When World War II ended, there were a small handful of university-based creative-writing programs. Over the course of the next thirty years, the number increased to fifty-two. By 1985, there were some 150 graduate degree programs offering an MA, MFA, or PhD. As of 2004, there were more than 350 creative-writing programs in the United States, all staffed by practicing writers and poets, many of whom now also hold advanced degrees in creative writing. (If one includes current undergraduate degree programs, the number grows to 720.)
Open Ocean DMS Air/Sea Fluxes Over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean

Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pa- cific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110 W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients ( kDMS) were com- puted. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made us- ing chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawa- ter DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15µmol m 2 d 1 . Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15 S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25 S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a lin- ear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s 1 . This relationship is compared with previ- ously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO2, and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.
Antimicrobial Formulary Management: Meeting the Challenge in a Health Maintenance Organization

Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound is a consumer-governed health maintenance organization with approximately 380,000 enrollees. The enrollees are provided pharmacy services at 3 hospital locations, 28 primary care clinics, and 4 specialty care clinics. A Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PT reviewing requests from prescribers for the addition of new antimicrobial agents to the formulary; evaluating antimicrobial agents by drug class; reviewing potential drugs for therapeutic interchange; developing use criteria for specific antimicrobial agents or classes; developing treatment algorithms for specific infectious diseases; performing drug use evaluations for antimicrobial agents; and approving the use of nonformulary antimicrobial agents. This approach has limited the inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials and has increased the medical staff's knowledge on appropriate use of these agents.
Risk Assessment and Decision Support for Security Policies and Related Enterprise Operational Processes

This paper presents and discusses our work to provide organizations with risk assessment and decision support capabilities when dealing with their strategic security policies. We aim at achieving this by using a rigorous and scientific methodology (and tools) which leverages modeling and simulation techniques. This methodology helps organizations to assess their risk exposure. It factors in policy implementation at the operational level along with relevant threats, processes, interactions and people behaviors. It provides "what-if" analysis by illustrating the consequences of making policy changes and investments. We introduce our methodology and tools and then illustrate how this approach has been successfully used in a real case study with one of our major customers. This case study focused on the organization's access management processes and related policies: it helped to inform strategic security policies and support changes of current processes. Additional work is planned in this space.
Lipolytic peptides in mammalian stomach and choroid plexus.

Acetone powders of porcine stomach stimulated lipolysis in the rabbit’s adipose tissue at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml. By extraction with glacial acetic acid, fractional precipitation with organic solvents, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, the lipolytic activity was concentrated 1000 times. This activity was destroyed by trypsin and by chymotrypsin. The porcine stomach lipolytic factor, apparently a peptide with molecular weight 1000–3500 (as indicated by volume of elution from Sephadex G-25), stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissues of rabbit, rat, hamster, guinea pig, cat and opossum, but not in that of the chicken. Lipolytic activity with similar properties was found in omassum and abomassum of bovine stomach, and in leporine, cavian, canine and simian stomach. Acetone powder of bovine choroid plexus was also active at 1000 μg/ral on adipose tissue of the rabbit. The lipolytic activity was concentrated 100-fold by extraction with glacial acetic acid, fractional precipitation with organi...
Experimental studies on optimal space-frequency codes for MIMO-OFDM systems

In this paper, we test the performance of optimal space-frequency code (SFC) (Y. Chen et al., 2004) in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system on Stevens wireless testbed. As a comparison, we also test the performance of single input single output (SISO) system and MIMO system with simple transmit delay diversity in the same frequency-selective fading environment. All the implementations are based on IEEE 802.11 standards. The experimental results show that optimal space-frequency code is robust against the impairments of practical system.
Network interface design for low latency request-response protocols

Ethernet network interfaces in commodity systems are designed with a focus on achieving high bandwidth at low CPU utilization, while often sacrificing latency. This approach is viable only if the high interface latency is still overwhelmingly dominated by software request processing times. However, recent efforts to lower software latency in request-response based systems, such as memcached and RAMCloud, have promoted network interface into a significant contributor to the overall latency. We present a low latency network interface design suitable for request-response based applications. Evaluation on a prototype FPGA implementation has demonstrated that our design exhibits more than double latency improvements without a meaningful negative impact on either bandwidth or CPU power. We also investigate latency-power tradeoffs between using interrupts and polling, as well as the effects of processor's low power states.
DNA virus maturation.

Maturation of bacterial viruses requires the formation of mature viral nucleic acid in the form found in progeny virus particles, the “packaging” of this viral nucleic acid within a capsule, and the assembly of “packaged” nucleic acid with the accessory structures necessary for infectivity. Recognition that the replicating viral nucleic acid is frequently in a form distinct from that found in mature particles has, in some instances, led to the postulation and formal description of presently unknown processes that must participate in the synthesis of the mature form. In at least some instances, packaging of the mature nucleic acid is clearly integrated with its synthesis. Examples involving the DNA bacteriophages T4, λ, and ϕ X174 and the RNA bacteriophages are presented to illustrate these points.
Modulation of in vitro Human Lymphocyte Responses by an Exopolysaccharide from Capnocytophaga ochracea

An exopolysaccharide (EP), purified from spent culture fluid previously inoculated with Capnocytophaga ochracea strain 25, suppressed in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to the mitogen concanavalin A. EP was suppressive when added to cultures before the mitogen, but enhanced responses when added 24 or 48 hr after the mitogen.
Evaluating Statistical Power Optimization

In response to the increasing variations in integrated-circuit manufacturing, the current trend is to create designs that take these variations into account statistically. In this paper, we quantify the difference between the statistical and deterministic optima of leakage power while making no assumptions about the delay model. We develop a framework for deriving a theoretical upper bound on the suboptimality that is incurred by using the deterministic optimum as an approximation for the statistical optimum. We show that for the mean power measure, the deterministic optima is an excellent approximation, and for the mean plus standard deviation measures, the optimality gap increases as the amount of inter-die variation grows, for a suite of benchmark circuits in a 45 nm technology. For large variations, we show that there are excellent linear approximations that can be used to approximate the effects of variation. Therefore, the need to develop special statistical power optimization algorithms is questionable.
Formal operations and simulated thought

For reasons internal to the concepts of thought and causality, a series of representations must be semantics-driven if that series is to add up to a single, unified thought. Where semantics is not operative, there is at most a series of disjoint representations that add up to nothing true or false, and therefore do not constitute a thought at all. There is necessarily a gulf between simulating thought, on the one hand, and actually thinking, on the other. It doesn't matter how perfect the simulation is; nor does it matter how reliable the causal mechanism involved is. Where semantics is inert, there is no thought. In connection with this, this paper also argues that a popular doctrine—the so-called ‘computational theory of mind’ (CTM)—is based on a confusion. CTM is the view that thought-processes consist in ‘computations’, where a computation is defined as a ‘form-driven’ operation on symbols. The expression ‘form-driven operation’ is ambiguous, and may refer either to syntax-driven operations or to morp...
Magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the functional behavior of parotid salivary glands in normal subjects and radiotherapy patients

Materials/Methods: T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI images were obtained in five normal subjects and two post-RT patients using a custom echo-planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence. Signal was received using a commercial coil placed adjacent to the parotid glands. For each patient, EPI multi-slice image sets were obtained at 30 second intervals. A 3 cc volume of lemon juice was delivered to each subject via plastic tubing after 3 ’resting’ frames. Images were analyzed by averaging multi-slice regions-of-interest within the parotid glands or the cerebellum.
Neurobiology of Unilateral Spatial Neglect

Hemispatial neglect is a common and disabling consequence of stroke. Earlier studies aimed to identify a single area of the brain where damage caused neglect and sought a single disrupted process that could account for the symptoms. Recent studies have shifted toward identifying component processes and representations underlying spatial attention required for various tasks and identifying areas of the brain responsible for each component that together constitute the network of regions responsible for neglect. This review focuses on recent insights into the mechanisms of neglect, regions of neural dysfunction that cause disruption of particular components or forms of neglect, and potential means of ameliorating neglect. Converging evidence supporting these insights comes from new imaging modalities in acute stroke, functional imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electrophysiological studies in humans, and single-cell recording studies in nonhuman primates.
High-Resolution, Subbottom Profiles and Sediment Characteristics of Mississippi Delta: ABSTRACT

High-resolution subbottom profiling and sediment coring within a 100-sq mi area off South Pass of the Mississippi delta have resulted in: (1) a detailed bathymetric chart of the area; (2) a three-dimensional structural chart of the sediments to a subbottom depth of 100 m; and (3) characterizing the surface sediments in terms of lithology, shear strength, water content, bulk density, and compressibility. The bathymetric chart was constructed on a 1/2 mi grid supplemented by surveys of the area of other agencies. One of the more interesting features of the area was the delineation of a series of gullies. These features are compared with those contoured by F. P. Shepard in 1940. The seismic data revealed that the subbottom structure of the delta front and of the area seaward is characterized by numerous slump features. The sediment in the area is classified as a high water content, low shear strength, underconsolidated, rather homogeneous silty clay. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1903------------
9. Models for Generalized Location Systems

A formal framework is introduced for a general class of assignment systems that can be used to characterize a range of social phenomena. An exponential family of distributions is developed for modeling such systems, allowing for the incorporation of both attributional and relational covariates. Methods are shown for simulation and inference using the location system model. Two illustrative applications (occupational stratification and residential settlement patterns) are presented, and simulation is employed to show the behavior of the location system model in each case; a third application, involving occupancy of positions within an organization, is used to demonstrate inference for the location system. By leveraging established results in the fields of social network analysis, spatial statistics, and statistical mechanics, it is argued that sociologists can model complex social systems without sacrificing inferential tractability.
Sex Differences in Desired Characteristics of Short-Term and Long-Term Relationship Partners

This investigation compared women's and men's desired characteristics in partners for typical short-term ('dating someone more than once' without an expectation of a short- or long-term relationship) and long-term ('dating someone for a long time' with the possibility, but not certainty, of marriage) relationships. Results indicated that (a) both women and men are more selective when selecting a long-term rather than a short-term relationship partner, and (b) women and men differ in their desired characteristics for short-term relationship partners and long-term relationship partners. The preferred characteristics of each sex support a qualified differential parental investment perspective: men see `reproductive value' (e.g., physical attractiveness) as important for potential female partners, and women look at `resource acquisition ability' (e.g., earning capacity) as important for potential male partners. While there were significant differences between men and women in their desired characteristics in ...
The STAT5 Inhibitor Pimozide Displays Efficacy in Models of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Driven by FLT3 Mutations

Activation of the transcription factor STAT5 is essential for the pathogenesis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) containing the FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. FLT3 ITD is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that drives the activation of STAT5, leading to the growth and survival of AML cells. Although there has been some success in identifying tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block the function of FLT3 ITD, there remains a continued need for effective treatment of this disease. We have identified the psychotropic drug pimozide as an effective inhibitor of STAT5 function. Pimozide inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5, leading to the death of AML cells through the induction of apoptosis. Pimozide shows a combinatorial effect with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors midostaurin (PKC412) and sunitinib in the inhibition of STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and the induction of apoptosis. Significantly, pimozide reduces the tumor burden in a mouse model of FLT3-driven AML. Therefore, identifying STAT5 inhibitors may provide a new avenue for the treatment of AML, and these may be effective alone or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Microglia Shape Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through Apoptosis-Coupled Phagocytosis

In the adult hippocampus, neuroprogenitor cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus give rise to newborn neuroblasts. However, only a small subset of these cells integrates into the hippocampal circuitry as mature neurons at the end of a 4 week period. Here, we show that the majority of the newborn cells undergo death by apoptosis in the first 1 to 4 days of their life, during the transition from amplifying neuroprogenitors to neuroblasts. These apoptotic newborn cells are rapidly cleared out through phagocytosis by unchallenged microglia present in the adult SGZ niche. Phagocytosis by the microglia is efficient and undeterred by increased age or inflammatory challenge. Our results suggest that the main critical period of newborn cell survival occurs within a few days of birth and reveal a new role for microglia in maintaining the homeostasis of the baseline neurogenic cascade.
Enhancing Teaching Effectiveness and Student Learning Outcomes.

This manuscript addresses how post-secondary educators can enhance their teaching effectiveness and student learning outcomes through student assessment. Highlights will include evidence-based practices, teaching style, methodology, and the use of assessment data for university instructors. Primary focus will be data obtained from key stakeholders to improve teaching practices to better meet the needs, expectations, and goals of their students, programs, and institutions, including consideration of implications for institutional program assessment on a broader scale.
Requirement of a 5'-proximal linear sequence on minus strands for plus-strand synthesis of a satellite RNA associated with turnip crinkle virus.

Abstract Viral RNA replication begins with specific recognition of cis -acting RNA elements by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and/or associated host factors. A short RNA element (3′-AACCCCUGGGAGGC) located 41 bases from the 5′ end of minus strands of satellite RNA C (satC), a 356-base subviral RNA naturally associated with turnip crinkle virus (TCV), was previously identified as important for plus-strand synthesis using an in vitro RdRp assay (H. Guan, C. Song, A. E. Simon, 1997, RNA 3, 1401–1412). To examine the functional significance of this element in RNA replication, mutations were introduced into the consecutive C residues in the element. A single mutation of the 3′-most C residue resulted in undetectable levels of satC plus strands when transcripts were assayed in protoplasts and suppressed transcription directed by the element in vitro. However, satC minus strands were detectable at 6 h postinoculation (hpi) of protoplasts, accumulating to about 10% of wild-type levels at 24 hpi. This mutation, when in the plus-sense orientation, had little or no effect on minus-strand synthesis from full-length satC plus strands in vitro, suggesting that the 5′-proximal RNA element is required for satC plus-strand synthesis. In addition, in vivo genetic selection revealed a strict requirement for 10 of the 14 nucleotides of the element, indicating that the primary sequence is essential for RNA accumulation.
Attractor Reconstruction and Control Using Interspike Intervals

Takens showed in 1981 that dynamical state information can be reconstructed from an experimental time series. Recently it has been shown that the same is true from a series of interspike interval (ISI) measurements. This method of system analysis allows prediction of the spike train from its history. The underlying assumption is that the spike train is generated by an integrate- and-fire model. We show that it is possible to use system reconstruction based on spiking behavior alone to control unstable periodic trajectories of the system in two separate ways: by making small (subthreshold) changes in a system parameter, and by using an on-demand pacing protocol with superthreshold pulses.
Exploiting Temporal Diversity of Water Efficiency to Make Data Center Less "Thirsty"

Data centers, which include both cyber (e.g., servers) and physical (e.g., cooling units) assets, are notorious for their energy consumption and carbon footprint. Nonetheless, a less-known fact about data centers is that they are extremely “thirsty” (for cooling), consuming millions of gallons water each day and raising serious concerns amid extended droughts. To curtail the surging water footprint, we adopt a holistic cyber-physical approach and incorporate the inherent physical characteristic of data center — time-varying water efficiency — into server provisioning and workload management. Specifically, we propose an online batch job scheduling algorithm, called WACE (minimization of WAter, Carbon and Electricity cost), which dynamically adjusts server provisioning to reduce the water consumption by deferring delay-tolerant batch jobs to water-efficient time periods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of WACE via trace-based simulations, showing that WACE reduces 27% water consumption compared to state-of-the-art scheduling algorithms.
Optimal polarimetric processing for enhanced target detection

The results of a study of several polarimetric target detection algorithms are summarized. The algorithms were tested using real target-in-clutter data collected by the Lincoln Laboratory 35 GHz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. Fully polarimetric measurements (HH, HV, VV) are processed into intensity imagery using adaptive and nonadaptive polarimetric whitening filters (PWFs). Then a two-parameter constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is run over the imagery to detect the targets. Nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to provide better protection performance than either adaptive PWF processed imagery or single-polarimetric-channel HH imagery. In addition, nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to be visually clearer than adaptive processed imagery. >
The physical nature of the most metal-poor damped Lyman α systems

Utilizing the high-resolution, large-scale LAOZI cosmological simulations we investigate the nature of the metal-poor (${\rm [Z/H]<-2}$) damped Lyman alpha systems (mpDLA) at $z=3$. The following physical picture of mpDLAs emerges. The majority of mpDLAs inhabit regions $\ge 20$~kpc from the host galaxy center on infalling cold gas streams originating from the intergalactic medium, with infall velocity of $\sim 100$ km/s and temperature of $\sim 10^{4}$ K. For each host galaxy, on average, about $1\%$ of the area within a radius $150$~kpc is covered by mpDLAs. The mpDLAs are relatively diffuse ($n_{\rm{gas}} \sim 10^{-2}$ cm$^{-3}$), Jeans quasi-stable, and have very low star formation rate ($\dot{\Sigma} \le 10^{-4} M_{\odot} \rm{\ yr}^{-1} \rm{\ kpc}^{-2}$). As mpDLAs migrate inward to the galaxy center, they mix with high metallicity gas and stellar outflows in the process, removing themselves from the metal-poor category and rendering the central ($\le 5$ kpc) regions of galaxies devoid of mpDLAs. Thus, the central regions of the host galaxies are populated by mostly metal-rich DLAs instead of mpDLAs. All observables of the simulated mpDLAs are in excellent agreement with observations, except the gas density, which is about a factor of ten lower than the value inferred observationally. However, the observationally inferred value is based on simplified assumptions that are not borne out in the simulations.
Engineering the Reststrahlen band with hybrid plasmon/phonon excitations

There has been increasing interest in so-called phononic materials, which can support surface modes known as surface phonon polaritons, consisting of electromagnetic waves coupled to lattice vibrations at the surface of a polar material. While such excitations have a variety of desirable features, they are limited to the spectral range between a material’s longitudinal and transverse optical phonon frequencies. In this work, we demonstrate that for materials whose free-carrier concentrations can be controlled, hybrid plasmonic/phononic modes can be supported across a range of frequencies including those generally forbidden by purely phononic materials.
Normalization of muscle plasmid uptake by Southern blot: application to SERCA1 promoter analysis.

Direct injection of plasmid DNA into muscle allows the study of promoters in a physiological environment. Because of the variability of reporter gene activity, attempts have been made to normalize ...
Transformation of Virus of Rabbit Fibroma (Shope) into that of Infectious Myxomatosis (Sanarelli)

Berry,1 Hoffstadt,2 and Hurst3 have reported the transformation of fibroma virus into myxoma virus employing crude tissue suspensions of myxoma virus. Meck4 and Hyde5 were unable to confirm these observations. Recently Gardner and Hyde6 have accomplished the transformation with 3 of 7 elementary body suspensions of myxoma virus. Hurst3 has obtained positive results in 5 of 7 rabbits and Hoffstadt2 in 7 of 20. The purpose of the experiments here reported was to amplify these observations and to study factors which might account for the inconsistent results.A 10% suspension of a dermal tumor of virulent myxoma virus was heated for 35 min at 60°C in a water-bath, then kept in sealed ampoules at 4°C until used. This tissue suspension of heat-inactivated myxoma virus was submitted to the following procedures:1. Serial testicular passage.2. Mixture with (a) active fibroma virus, (b) attenuated fibroma virus, (c) agents producing reduction, inflammation, increase in virulence; and subsequent testicular injection...
Pink Boll worm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Oviposition, Larval Infestations, and Moth Emergence of a Laboratory-Reared Strain under Field Conditions

Fertile female pink boll worm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moths released in field cages over cotton plants at Phoenix, Ariz., 20 May to 3 June did not initiate larval infestations in squares, even though viable eggs were laid; however, few squares and no bolls were available as host material. Square and boll infestations were initiated when fertile females were released in field cages periodically between 17 June and 22 July when cotton plants had 9.4 or more squares per plant and bolls were available as host material. Days to first moth emergence were significantly higher for moths from eggs laid in mid-June (31 d) than for moths from eggs laid in late June and July (23-27 d). Pink boll worm moth emergence patterns were highly variable, and moths from eggs laid 17 to 24 June, 1 to 4, 8 to 11, 15 to 18, and 22 to 25 July emerged in each case over a 26-d period following the first emergence, even though all oviposition occurred during 3 d. This resulted in significant overlap of moth emergence from each artificially-induced infestation, even though the time between initiation of the first and last infestations in cages was >30 d.
Disparities in current cigarette smoking prevalence by type of disability, 2009-2011.

Objectives.Smoking, the leading cause of disease and death in the United States, has been linked to a number of health conditions including cancer and cardiovascular disease. While people with a di...
Resting-State Functional MRI: A Novel Tool for Understanding Brain Networks in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

This chapter considers the advent of a remarkable imaging approach, known as resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and how it has helped usher in the era of network-based approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders. The chapter begins with some early challenges and obstacles facing this novel methodology, how its proponents overcame initial skepticism through a series of multimodal imaging studies, animal studies, and patient lesion studies, and how these studies have helped us glean some preliminary insights into the molecular underpinnings of rs-fMRI. We then look into the stunning complexity of the brain's functional network architecture as elucidated by rs-fMRI and related imaging techniques. The focus will be on the brain's segregation into a dozen or more large-scale distributed networks and how that is balanced with the brain's need to integrate information across these networks. Next, we will take a still deeper look at two specific resting-state networks (RSNs): the default-mode network and the emotional salience network, which arguably have the most consistently demonstrated relevance to neuropsychiatric disease. In the penultimate section we will follow this clinical application thread further by examining the explosion of interest in leveraging RSNs in the study of a wide variety of brain diseases such as Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and chronic pain. The chapter closes with a look at ongoing research into the how RSNs work (molecular underpinnings) and why (evolutionary advantage).
Chimeric Rescue of Rb. capsulatus Reaction Center Genes with Sequences from Rb. sphaeroides

Site-directed mutagenesis is becoming a very important technique in the study of photosynthetic reaction center structure-function relationships. However, there are certain disadvantages associated with this approach. First, it relies very heavily on the intuition of the investigator to select particular mutations that will give rise to interesting phenotypes; many times, mutagenesis can result in very little change in photosynthetic function, in complete loss of function, or in lack of assembly. Second, it is difficult to use specific mutagenesis to detect the concerted effect of several amino acids.
Ductal carcinoma In situ

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has become a predominant pathologic entity with the broad implementation of screening mammography. In the premammographic era, it represented less than 10% of all breast cancers. Although it now occupies as much as 30% of contemporary series, it remains a controversial subject of debate in terms of its management. The diverse biologic heterogeneity of DCIS is very much responsible for the difficulty in defining optimal therapy for this disease. Extensive retrospective data suggests that a tailored treatment approach can be defined according to pathologic criteria. Unfortunately, these criteria are to a great extent continuous variables that have not been studied in prospective randomized clinical trials. Patients with DCIS are diagnosed approximately five years earlier than those with invasive breast cancer. Many invasive breast cancers also are accompanied by a component of ductal carcinoma in situ. Roughly one-half of all recurrences of DCIS appear as invasive breast cancers. These findings, among others, suggest that DCIS is a precursor to invasive breast cancer. Not all breast cancers follow this progression, but a significant number are likely to evolve in this stepwise progression. This concept strongly supports the notion that screening mammography and early detection should have a great impact on breast cancer mortality. Worldwide mortality rates for breast cancer have decreased due to a variety of potential reasons including better adju-
A brief survey of time- and frequency-domain adaptive filters

This tutorial session paper provides a brief survey of adaptive signal processing methods and applications. We give the update equations of FIR and IIR adaptive filters. We provide brief descriptions of LMS, RLS, and block time and frequency domain algorithms. The tutorial begins with an introduction to adaptive methods and continues with a discussion on least squares and gradient techniques. The session covers various adaptive filter structures and provides information and references on several applications including system identification, linear prediction, noise cancellation, and adaptive arrays.
Incidental memory for faces in children with different genetic subtypes of Prader-Willi syndrome

The present study examined the effects of genetic subtype on social memory in children (7-16 years) with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) during a passive viewing task were used to compare incidental memory traces for repeated vs single presentations of previously unfamiliar social (faces) and nonsocial (houses) images in 15 children with the deletion subtype and 13 children with maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD). While all participants perceived faces as different from houses (N170 responses), repeated faces elicited more positive ERP amplitudes ('old/new' effect, 250-500ms) only in children with the deletion subtype. Conversely, the mUPD group demonstrated reduced amplitudes suggestive of habituation to the repeated faces. ERP responses to repeated vs single house images did not differ in either group. The results suggest that faces hold different motivational value for individuals with the deletion vs mUPD subtype of PWS and could contribute to the explanation of subtype differences in the psychiatric symptoms, including autism symptomatology.
Combined direct and indirect traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF): Case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Background Within the current Barrow classification system, there are no categorical descriptions or reports in the literature of cavernous carotid fistulas (CCFs) with both a direct component (type A) and separate indirect contribution (type B, C, or D). We report the first definitive case of a combined simultaneous traumatic direct and indirect CCF, and review the literature on the similar existing entity of traumatic indirect CCFs presenting delayed and subsequent to the treatment of traumatic, direct CCFs. Methods We report a case of simultaneous direct type A CCF with a traumatic indirect CCF component and a review of the relevant literature. Results An 18 year-old female presented after a motor vehicle collision. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of CCF, with contribution both directly from the ICA and indirectly via branches of the ECA. The direct component of the CCF was first treated in 3 stages via both transarterial and transvenous coil embolization, followed by a final 4th stage of parent vessel sacrifice in order to treat the residual direct component, with transarterial embolization to treat residual indirect CCF activity. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of a traumatic CCF with simultaneous direct (type A) and indirect via the ECA (type C) contributions.
'Prender de gajo': sujetos trasplantados e imaginarios globales en Luisa Futoransky / 'Prender de gajo': transplanted subjects and global imaginaries in Luisa Futoransky

Resumen: La obra de Luisa Futoransky se construye como una “literatura menor” tal como la definen Deleuze y Guattari. Sus poemas y novelas emplean el collage como una forma de “subal-ternizar” el lenguaje literario a fin de cuestionar las grandes narrativas nacionales. Sus textos expresan un pensamiento de fronteras que esta traspasado por inquietudes feministas. En el presente trabajo se analiza el modo en que la memoria transatlantica construye el lugar de la “subalternizacion” en los textos de Futoransky. Por medio de un analisis del uso del collage y otros mecanismos narrativos y poeticos, el trabajo propone leer la obra de Futoransky a partir de una estetica desterri-torializadora que se caracteriza por: la disolucion del sujeto, el uso del collage, la cita como un mecanismo posmoderno; la estetica desfami-liarizadora, el humor y el artificio, y la memoria como la fuente de una estetica trasatlantica. El trabajo analiza el modo en que Futoransky explora las tensiones en la relacion entre memoria y lugar a partir de un analisis de las tensiones entre lo global y lo local. Palabras clave: Futoransky, literatura menor, subalternizacion, desterritorlizacion. Abstract: The works by Luisa Futoransky are representative of what Deleuze and Guattari define as a “minor literature”, a literature that questions the relationship between nation and literary canon. Her novels and poems use collage as a way to represent this “minor literature”, a medium to create a subaltern voice in her literature. Hers is a literature that lives in the borderlands, experiencing the border from a feminist perspective. In this essay, I propose a reading of Futoransky’s works from a transatlantic and subaltern perspective. Her aesthetic project breaks the bonds between language and territory. The main strategies analyzed here are: the dissolution of the subject, the use of collage and quotation as postmodern techniques to destabilize meaning, humor, and a poetic memory that challenges national borders. This paper analyzes how Futoransky explores the tensions between memory and place from the complexities of global and local dynamics. Keywords: Futoransky, Minor Literature, Subalternization, Deterritorialization.
An unambiguous definition of the Froude number for lee waves in the deep ocean

There is a long-standing debate in the literature of stratified flows over topography concerning the correct dimensionless number to refer to as a Froude number. Common definitions using external quantities of the flow include , , and , where and are, respectively, scales for the background velocity and buoyancy frequency, is the depth, and and are, respectively, height and width scales of the topography. It is also possible to define an internal Froude number , where , , and are, respectively, the characteristic velocity, reduced gravity, and vertical length scale of the perturbation above the topography. For the case of hydrostatic lee waves in a deep ocean, both and are insignificantly small, rendering the dimensionless number the only relevant dynamical parameter. However, although it appears to be an inverse Froude number, such an interpretation is incorrect. By non-dimensionalizing the stratified Euler equations describing the flow of an infinitely deep fluid over topography, we show that is in fact the square of the internal Froude number because it can identically be written in terms of the inner variables, . Our scaling also identifies as the ratio of the vertical velocity scale within the lee wave to the group velocity of the lee wave, which we term the vertical Froude number, . To encapsulate such behaviour, we suggest referring to as the lee-wave Froude number, .