cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic contribution of exercise testing in left bundle branch block

Abstract The significance of ST segment and T-wave changes in the exercise electrocardiogram of patients with left bundle branch block is uncertain. This study reviews our experience with a graded multistage treadmill exercise test in patients with LBBB. The development of additional ST depression of 1.5 mm. or greater during or following the exercise test was considered to be an abnormal response. Four of the ten patients in the study had an abnormal exercise test. Coronary angiography was done in five of the ten patients and agreed with the exercise electrocardiogram. These data suggest that the exercise electrocardiogram provides useful diagnostic information in patients with LBBB.
Coupled Changes in Translation and Transcription during Cobalamin-Dependent Regulation of btuB Expression in Escherichia coli

The level of the vitamin B12 transport protein BtuB in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli is strongly reduced by growth in the presence of cobalamins. Previous analyses of regulatory mutants and of btuB-lacZ fusions indicated that the primary site of btuB gene regulation was at the translational level, and this required sequences throughout the 240-nucleotide (nt) leader region. Cobalamin-dependent regulation of transcriptional fusions was of a lesser magnitude but required, in addition to the leader, sequences within the first 100 nt of the coding sequence, termed the translated regulatory region (TRR). To analyze the process of transcription-level regulation of btuB in E. coli, the levels and metabolism of btuB RNA were analyzed by S1 nuclease protection assays, and mutations that alter the coupling of translational and transcriptional control were analyzed. Expression of transcriptional fusions was found to correlate with changes in the level of intact btuB RNA and was related to changes in the metabolic stability of the normally long-lived RNA. Mutational analysis showed that the btuB start codon and a hairpin structure that can sequester the Shine-Dalgarno sequence are necessary for cobalamin-dependent regulation and that translation of the TRR is necessary for extended RNA stability and for expression of the transcriptional fusion. The absence of regulation at the stage of transcription initiation was confirmed by the findings that several truncated btuB RNA fragments were expressed in a constitutive manner and that the normal regulatory response occurred even when the btuB promoter and upstream sequences were replaced by the heterologous bla and lac promoters. Transcription driven by phage T7 RNA polymerase was not regulated by cobalamins, although some regulation at the translational level was retained. Cobalamin-dependent changes in RNA structure were suggested from the RNase III-dependent production of a transcript fragment that is made only in the presence of cobalamin and is independent of the regulatory outcome. These results indicate that the primary control of btuB expression by cobalamin occurs at the level of translation initiation, which directly affects the level and stability of btuB RNA in a process that requires the presence of the intact translated regulatory region.
Methods for constructing physiologically motivated neuromorphic models in CNNs

We introduce a collection of techniques, which we propose to denote ‘neuromorphic CNN’, for applying cellular neural networks to the physiologically-detailed modelling of biological neural systems. Examples will be given of the application of these methods to the construction of highly biologically-faithful models of the vertebrate retina, and the utility of such models to neurobiological research will be discussed.
Crustal structure of rifted continental margins: Geological constraints from the proterozoic rocks of the Canadian shield

Abstract Rifts associated with possible Proterozoic continental margins and embryonic ocean basins are characterized by an association of tholeiitic volcanics that have chemical characteristics of MORB's, flysch-like sedimentary rocks and extensive gabbro sill swarms comagmatitic with the volcanic rocks. These rifts are similar in stratigraphy and crustal structure to modern rifts such as the Gulf of California. The similarity of these Proterozoic rifts to modern rifts indicate that the process(es) of rifting on the Earth may have been persistent for the past 2.0 Ga. A variety of other Proterozoic rifts are also present in the Canadian Shield, and workers in the Precambrian must examine each rift on an individual basis in order to determine the tectonic setting of the rift being studied.
Increased Occurrence of Eeg Alpha During Increased Attention

(1962). Increased Occurrence of Eeg Alpha During Increased Attention. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 317-330.
Intense Vacuum Ultraviolet Atomic Line Sources

Intense atomic lines (O, N, S, C, Br, Cl, H, Se, Kr) have been produced by microwave excitation of mixtures of various gases in helium under flow conditions. The intensities generally obtained are greater than 10(14) quanta/sec and are suitable for atomic emission studies and as photochemical light sources in the vacuum uv. Conditions for producing these high purity line sources are discussed.
Relationship Between Hyperglycemia and Infection in Critically Ill Patients

Hyperglycemia is a common problem encountered in hospitalized patients, especially in critically ill patients and those with diabetes mellitus. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia may be associated with complications such as fluid and electrolyte disturbances and increased infection risk. Studies have demonstrated impairment of host defenses, including decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte mobilization, chemotaxis, and phagocytic activity related to hyperglycemia. Until 2001, hyperglycemia (blood glucose concentrations up to 220 mg/dl) had been tolerated in critically ill patients not only because high blood glucose concentrations were believed to be a normal physiologic reaction in stressed patients and excess glucose is necessary to support the energy needs of glucose-dependent organs, but also because the true significance of short-term hyperglycemia was not known. Recent clinical data show that the use of intensive insulin therapy to maintain tight blood glucose concentrations between 80 and 110 mg/dl decreases morbidity and mortality in critically ill surgical patients. Intensive insulin therapy minimizes derangements in normal host defense mechanisms and modulates release of inflammatory mediators. The principal benefit of intensive insulin therapy is a decrease in infection-related complications and mortality. Further research will define which patient populations will benefit most from intensive insulin therapy and firmly establish the blood glucose concentration at which benefits will be realized.
Performance, Power, and Thermal Analysis of Low-Power Processors for Scale-Out Systems

There is increased interest, in high-performance computing as well as in commercial data centers, in so-called scale-out systems, where large numbers of low-cost and low-power-dissipation servers are used for workloads which have available coarse-grained parallelism. One target class of devices for building scale-out systems is the class of low-power processors, such as those based on the ARM architecture, the Power Architecture, and the Intel Atom processor. This article presents a detailed characterization of three contemporary low-power processors covering all the aforementioned IS As, all implemented in state-of-the-art 45nm semiconductor processes. Processor performance, power dissipation, thermal load, and board-level power dissipation apportionment are presented, via a combination of hardware performance counters, OS-level timing measurements, current measurements, and thermal imaging via a microbolometer array. It is demonstrated that while certain processors might provide low power dissipation, the most energy-efficient platform depends on the characteristics of the application, and the design of the entire platform (including integrated versus on-board peripherals, power supply regulators, etc.). The lowest-power platform showed a power-efficiency advantage of almost four times lower idle power dissipation, and almost five times lower active power dissipation for a single-threaded workload, versus the highest-power-dissipation platform studied. The latter however achieved a factor of two better energy-efficiency than its closest competitor, when executing a throughput-oriented workload, due to significantly better compute performance and available hardware concurrency.
LONGITUDINAL IMPEDANCE OF THE SQUID GIANT AXON

Longitudinal alternating current impedance measurements have been made on the squid giant axon over the frequency range from 30 cycles per second to 200 kc. per second. Large sea water electrodes were used and the inter-electrode length was immersed in oil. The impedance at high frequency was approximately as predicted theoretically on the basis of the poorly conducting dielectric characteristics of the membrane previously determined. For the large majority of the axons, the impedance reached a maximum at a low frequency and the reactance then vanished at a frequency between 150 and 300 cycles per second. Below this frequency, the reactance was inductive, reaching a maximum and then approaching zero as the frequency was decreased. The inductive reactance is a property of the axon and requires that it contain an inductive structure. The variation of the impedance with interpolar distance indicates that the inductance is in the membrane. The impedance characteristics of the membrane as calculated from the measured longitudinal impedance of the axon may be expressed by an equivalent membrane circuit containing inductance, capacity, and resistance. For a square centimeter of membrane the capacity of 1 µf with dielectric loss is shunted by the series combination of a resistance of 400 ohms and an inductance of one-fifth henry.
Forcing and Differentiable Functions

We consider covering \(\aleph_1 \times \aleph_1\) rectangles by countably many smooth curves, and differentiable isomorphisms between \(\aleph_1\)-dense sets of reals.
Female nest defense in a coral-reef fish, Dascyllus albisella, with uniparental male care

Intraspecific variation in the patterns of parental care has been observed in a variety of animals; however, the possibility of parental care by a non-caregiving parent of uniparental species has not been thoroughly explored. In the coral-reef damselfish, Dascyllus albisella, only males normally exhibit parental care. In this study, we examined the response of females of this species to egg predators after experimental male removal and an elevated level of egg predation, at two small patch reefs (reefs 1 and 2) in Hawaii. We tested theoretical expectations that a nest was defended only by females which had spawned in the nest, and that larger females had a higher likelihood of defense than smaller females. A nest was defended against egg predators more frequently by females that had spawned in that nest than would be expected by chance. Not all females that had spawned in a given nest participated in defense. There was a positive association between female body length and the likelihood of defense at reef 2, but not at reef 1. Within a set of females that had spawned in the same nest during the same nesting cycle, defending females had larger body lengths than non-defending females at reef 2 but not at reef 1. Lack of association between female size and likelihood of defense at reef 1 was unexpected, but may correlate with the smaller average female size and smaller size differences among females on that reef.
A novel weight training methodology for a multi-layer feed-forward neural net

For very large data sets, when the problem of classification is dimensionally large, it is known that the present neural network weight training algorithms take a very long time. It thus becomes of paramount importance to address the issue of weight training in multilayer continuous feed forward networks using back-propagation. A novel pseudo-inverse based methodology for the weight training of the neural net is proposed in this paper and implemented. It is also found that the steepness of the thresholding function for the neurons in the net is a special contributing factor to the issue of convergence and the stability of the net. In order to study the effect of this, a Qlearning scheme for the "lambda training" is proposed and implemented in parallel with the net. The algorithm is tested quite extensively on a variety of problems like the XOR problem and the encoder/decoder problem and it is found on examination of the results that the algorithm does quite well in comparison to most standard algorithms.
EL PROCESO DE INTEGRACIÓN SOCIAL DE LOS REFUGIADOS PALESTINOS REASENTADOS EN REGIÓN DE VALPARAÍSO, CHILE

Resumen es: La experiencia del refugiado esta marcada por una migracion forzada producto de la persecucion politica, la violencia generalizada, entre otros. Por ello...
Long-term Survivors of Childhood Central Nervous System Malignancies: The Experience of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

In the last four decades, advances in neurosurgical technique, delivery of radiation therapy (RT), supportive care, and use of chemotherapy have improved 5-year survival for children with central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. Currently, in the United States 74% of children will become 5-year survivors of their primary CNS malignancy. This improved outcome has resulted in a new and growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Surgery, RT and chemotherapy, while essential components of primary treatment for most childhood CNS malignancies, have also been associated with risk of long-term morbidity and late mortality. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a retrospective cohort of over 14,000 survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, has been an important resource for quantification of associations between these therapeutic modalities and risk of long-term adverse health and quality of life outcomes. CNS malignancy survivors are at significant risk for late mortality, development of second neoplasms, as well as increased risk for multiple endocrinopathies and adverse neurologic health conditions. Importantly, the CCSS has identified a number of dose-response relationships between RT and development of subsequent malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system, abnormal timing of menarche and neurocognitive function. Ongoing study of childhood cancer survivors is needed to establish long-term risks and evaluate impact of newer techniques such as conformal RT or proton beam delivery that limit RT exposure and may reduce long-term effects.
Professionalism Symposium: Introduction

This article introduces a symposium on how the professionalism of lawyers and judges should be improved. The National Conference on Enhancing the Professionalism of Lawyers: Can Commissions, Committees, and Centers Make a Difference? was organized to begin addressing some of these issues. Jointly sponsored by University of South Carolina's Nelson Mullins Reilly & Scarborough Center on Professionalism and the Keck Center on Legal Ethics and the Legal Profession at Stanford Law School, the goal of the symposium was to develop and propose solutions to reduce unprofessional conduct in the legal profession.
The Impact of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CA-UTI) in Critically Ill Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Objective Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) comprise a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections. However, the impact of CA-UTIs on important outcome measures, such as length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges, has not been examined in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting. Design Single-center, retrospective, case-matched, cohort study and financial analysis. Setting PICU in a tertiary-care children's medical center. Patients A total of 41 critically ill children with CA-UTIs and 73 critically ill children without CA-UTI, matched for age, gender, severity of illness, and primary admission diagnosis. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results We compared the length of hospital stay (LOS in PICU and in hospital), mortality, and hospital costs in critically ill children with CA-UTIs and their matched controls. Critically ill children experiencing CA-UTI had significantly longer PICU LOS, hospital LOS, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality compared with matched controls without CA-UTI. The longer LOS resulted in higher PICU and hospital charges in this group. Conclusion Critically ill children with CA-UTI experience worse outcomes in the PICU compared with those without CA-UTI. Further studies on the impact of CA-UTI in the PICU are warranted.
Progress report on an experiment to clarify collimated x-ray emission in Karabut’s experiment

Karabut has reported collimated x-ray emission in a high-current density glow discharge experiment, a result which has for some years remain unexplained. A model has been proposed to account for the emission based on the up-conversion of vibrational quanta to produce excitation of the 1565 eV excited state in 201Hg. To test this idea, we are developing an experiment in which a Cu foil is vibrated. Evidence for charge emission is described; and preliminary x-ray measurements discussed.
Hydrogen peroxide production by alveolar type II cells, alveolar macrophages, and endothelial cells.

Extracellular H2O2 release and intracellular H2O2 production were determined in rat lung alveolar macrophages, rat alveolar type II cells, and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Isolated macrophages (5 h ex vivo) released 3.1 +/- 0.09 nmol H2O2.min-1.mg cell protein-1, freshly isolated (5 h ex vivo) type II cells released 0.7 +/- 0.07 nmol H2O2.min-1.mg protein-1, and cultured endothelial cells released 0.06 +/- 0.005 nmol H2O2.min-1.mg protein-1. The rate of extracellular H2O2 release decreased rapidly over time in both fresh macrophages and freshly isolated type II cells. When the measurements were repeated at different times ex vivo, the decrease was greater than 20%/h, and H2O2 release was almost undetectable 12 h ex vivo. The decrease occurred while lactate dehydrogenase release, catalase activity, and intracellular H2O2 production remained unchanged. Catalase activity was 59.3 +/- 4.9 nmol O2 produced.min-1.mg protein-1 in type II cells, 13.2 +/- 1.8 in macrophages, and 11.4 +/- 2.7 in endothelial cells. Aminotriazole is a compound that inhibits catalase in the presence of H2O2 at a rate that is proportional to the rate of intracellular H2O2 production in or near peroxisomes. Incubation of the cells with aminotriazole led to a rapid inhibition of catalase. In 15 min the reduction of catalase activity was 69% in type II cells, 53% in macrophages, and 37% in endothelial cells. When freshly isolated type II cells were exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2) for 30 min, no changes in the rate of either intracellular H2O2 production or extracellular H2O2 release were seen.
Five Reactions to a New EHR

A family physician and former medical scribe observes five common reactions physicians have to a new electronic medical record -- from denial to acceptance.
Engineering high refractive index sensitivity through the internal and external composition of bimetallic nanocrystals

High refractive index sensitivity (RIS) of branched Au-Pd nanocrystals (NCs) is engineered through lowering the dielectric dispersion at the NC resonant wavelength with internal or external atomic % Pd. To our knowledge, these NCs display the highest ensemble RIS measurement for colloids with LSPR maximum band positions ≤900 nm, and these results are corroborated with FDTD computations.
Alzheimer's disease-associated TREM2 variants exhibit either decreased or increased ligand-dependent activation

Abstract Introduction TREM2 is a lipid-sensing activating receptor on microglia known to be important for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether it plays a beneficial or detrimental role in disease pathogenesis is controversial. Methods We analyzed AD risk of TREM2 variants in the NIMH AD Genetics Initiative Study and AD Sequencing Project. We compared each variant's risk and functional impact by a reporter assay. Finally, we analyzed expression of TREM2 on human monocytes. Results We provide more evidence for increased AD risk associated with several TREM2 variants, and show that these variants decreased or markedly increased binding to TREM2 ligands. We identify HDL and LDL as novel TREM2 ligands. We also show that TREM2 expression in human monocytes is minimal compared to monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Discussion Our results suggest that TREM2 signaling helps protect against AD but can cause harm in excess, supporting the idea that proper TREM2 function is important to counteract disease progression.
Material selection shape factors for compliant arrays in bending

Abstract Similar to the general class of metamaterials, compliant arrays (CAs) are engineered from an array of subelements that combine to produce a response that is typically not available from a flat panel made of a single material. As such, analysis and design of CA systems requires the integration of both the material and geometrical properties of the array. This paper proposes a convenient and efficient method of combining these essential elements using analytically derived shape factors for bending modes. The approach is validated experimentally, and used to demonstrate large regions of previously inaccessible property combinations in material selection charts that become attainable using carefully design CAs.
The Pretravel Consultation.

Key components of the pretravel consultation include intake questions regarding the traveler’s anticipated itinerary and medical history; immunizations; malaria prophylaxis; and personal protection measures against arthropod bites, traveler’s diarrhea, and injury. Most vaccinations that are appropriate for international travelers are included in the routine domestic immunization schedule; only a few travel-specific vaccines must also be discussed. The most common vaccine-preventable illnesses in international travelers are influenza and hepatitis A. Malaria prophylaxis should be offered to travelers to endemic regions. Personal protection measures, such as applying an effective insect repellent to exposed skin and permethrin to clothing and using a permethrin-impregnated bed net, should be advised for travelers to the tropics. Clinicians should offer an antibiotic prescription that travelers can take with them in case of traveler’s diarrhea. Additional topics to address during the pretravel consultation include the risk of injury from motor vehicle crashes and travel-specific risks such as altitude sickness, safe sex practices, and emergency medical evacuation insurance.
Contested fields: an analysis of anti-GMO politics on Hawai’i Island

This paper details the evolution of activism against genetically modified organisms on the Big Island of Hawai’i. It offers an explanation for the ability of rural residents on the Big Island to pass anti-GMO legislation while other states and communities have tried and failed. I argue that the Big Island’s recent anti-GMO legislative success is due to the articulation of interests and actions between settlers to Hawai’i and Native Hawaiian community members seeking to protect Native Hawaiian rights. Tracing the history of the anti-GMO movement on Big Island highlights the unique circumstances that facilitated the passage of this bill, and is also significant for making sense of the potential future trajectories of anti-GMO-related food sovereignty movements elsewhere.
Nanoscale optical channel modeling for in vivo wireless nanosensor networks: A geometrical approach

In vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks (iWNSNs) consist of nano-sized communicating devices with unprecedented sensing and actuation capabilities, which are able to operate inside the human body. Major progress in the field of nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and wireless communication is enabling the communication among nanosensors. Among others, plasmonic nanolasers with sub-micrometric footprint, plasmonic nano-antennas able to confine light in nanometric structures, and single-photon detectors with unrivaled sensitivity, enable the communication among implanted nanosensors in the near infrared and optical transmission window. In this paper, a channel model for in vivo optical communication in iWNSNs is developed. By following a geometrical approach to trace and aggregate the path loss and time delay of each of the rays that encounter a biological cell, a closed form channel impulse response is derived. The analytical channel model is validated by means of electromagnetic simulations for a Red Blood Cell (RBC) inside the blood plasma. The results show that RBCs perform as optical micro-lenses in terms of confining the light that is being radiated to them on a focal line right after the cell. This results are in strong agreement with the recent experimental achievements on interactions of light and RBCs.
Framing Transnational Family Communication: “It Feels like a Contradiction, Close and Far”

This chapter outlines the frameworks surrounding ICT-based communication and their gaps—global care chains, migration chains, and sensory extensions. A new framework focusing on the mechanism that drives transnational family communication is presented: Transnational ICT-based Communication Chains (TICCs). The participants and their families develop and operate these chains within complex conditions of distance and separation. Next, the conditions of distance and separation are deconstructed, using the data together with the literature. After that, the different ways that families respond to these conditions through numerous means is proposed. These responses form a system of transnational family communication that was previously invisible and emphasizes human actions that are mediated through an ICT environment. In formulating this new model, a deeper and broader analysis of this phenomenon emerges.
Contracted drug information services: Comparison of utilization with local hospital pharmacists

In recent years, pharmacy management companies have begun to contract with drug information centers to provide centralized services for participating institutions. This study compared the utilization of drug information services by contracting pharmacists with local hospital pharmacists. All drug information questions from contract pharmacists during 1993 to 1995 were compared with those from local hospital pharmacists utilizing the drug information center. A total of 997 and 1,835 questions were received from contract and local pharmacists, respectively, with the types of information requests being similar for pharmacotherapeutic questions and differing (p < 0.001) for requests for product information and a reference or monograph. Complex responses were required more frequently (p < 0.05) for contracting pharmacists (13%) than for local pharmacists (10%) and took longer to complete. Contract pharmacists more frequently received a response by fax or mail than local pharmacists. Provision of drug informati...
Geographic perspectives on urban sustainability: past, current, and future research trajectories

ABSTRACTThe 21st century has been called the “century of the city” and compounded concerns that current development pathways were not sustainable. Calls for scholarship on urban sustainability amon...
Evaluation of three turbulence models in predicting the steady state hydrodynamics of a secondary sedimentation tank.

The secondary sedimentation tank (SST) is a sensitive and complicated process in an activated sludge process. Due to the importance of its performance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods have been employed to study the underflow hydrodynamics and solids distribution. Unlike most of the previous numerical studies, in the present investigation, the performance of three different types of turbulence models, standard k-e, RNG k-e and Realizable k-e, are evaluated. Firstly, two-dimensional axisymmetric CFD models of two circular SSTs are validated with the field observations. Next, comprehensive comparisons are presented of the model predictions of the key physical quantities, such as the concentration of effluent suspended solids (ESS), and returned activated sludge (RAS), sludge blanket height (SBH), turbulent properties and flow and concentration patterns. A surprising result shows that the prediction of the ESS concentration is not sensitive to the change of turbulence models; while remarkable prediction difference can be observed in the inlet zone and near-field of sludge hopper and SBH. The results suggest that more observations inside the inlet zone are needed to achieve better model calibration and correct application of the turbulence model, which can be crucial to optimizing the geometry of inlet structure and sludge hopper as well as changing return solids concentration for the operation.
Behavioral Genetics Evidence in Criminal Cases: 1994-2007

In 1994, convicted murderer Stephen Mobley spurred an international debate on the political and scientific acceptance of behavioral genetics evidence in the criminal law when he fought to be tested for genetic deficiencies in an effort to appeal his death sentence. Such legal-scientific disputes are even more relevant today, given the relative upswing in the use of genetics evidence in criminal cases. This upswing also prompts a key question: How have courts and litigators treated behavioral genetics evidence in criminal cases since Mobley's 1994 appeal? Much of the controversy concerning Mobley was based on the presumption that behavioral genetics evidence would skyrocket in use and abuse. This chapter seeks to determine if such forecasts have been realized by analyzing forty eight criminal cases that relied on behavioral genetics evidence from 1994 to June 1, 2007. These cases share several important characteristics: they overwhelmingly constitute murder convictions in which defendants attempted to use genetics evidence as a mitigating factor in a death penalty case (as Mobley did), and the evidence is introduced mostly to verify a condition (such as a type of mental illness) that is commonly acceptable for mitigation. Indeed, the overview suggests that, contrary to some commentators' warnings, the post-Mobley years have not revealed a legally irresponsible application of behavioral genetics factors in criminal cases. Rather, most courts continue to regard behavioral genetics variables skeptically, and society still embraces the same political and moral concerns over the role of such information. At the same time, courts have failed to provide sound and conceptually consistent reasons either for denying defendants' offers of behavioral genetics evidence or for viewing such evidence in the worst light for defendants. For example, some courts have regarded a defendant's family history of behavioral disorder to be indicative of that defendant's potential for future dangerousness or misguided attempt to sidestep responsibility for violence. These kinds of judicial reactions suggest that at least some of the legal strategies using behavioral genetics evidence are without question a double-edged sword for defendants. Unwarranted constraints or stereotypical perspectives on the admissibility of behavioral genetics factors in death penalty cases can undercut some defendants' efforts to fight their executions through the use of traditional mitigating evidence. As a result, the criminal justice system may be undermining the very principles and progressive thinking the cap on behavioral genetics information was originally intended to achieve.
Foodborne toxins of marine origin: ciguatera.

Knowledge that the consumption of a variety of fish and shellfish is associated with human disease has been available for centuries. These diseases result from the ingestion of fish which have accumulated toxins of bacterial or algal origin (World Health Organization 1984). Some of the better known seafood intoxications are: scombroid, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), pufferfish (tetrodo-toxin), cephalod, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), and ciguatera. Scombroid poisoning is caused by the action of bioactive amines which are produced in fish by enzymatic/bacterial action on fish tissue (Taylor et al. 1984; Taylor 1988). Symptoms resemble clinical responses produced by histamine.
Trajectories of Fasting Blood Glucose in Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Patients who receive autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies are at risk of serious adverse outcomes including infections and death. Hyperglycemia following the HCT is associated with increased risk of these adverse outcomes. However, limited information is available on demographic and clinical characteristics that contribute to changes in blood glucose levels following HCT. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the trajectories of fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as well as the demographic and clinical characteristics that predicted interindividual differences in these FBG trajectories. METHODS A sample of adult patients with hematologic malignancies who were scheduled to receive autologous HCT (n = 53) was enrolled in the study. Patients with preexisting diabetes were excluded. Demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted from electronic medical records. Morning fasting laboratory tests (ie, FBG and absolute neutrophil counts) were obtained. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling from the day of HCT (day 0) through 14 days post-HCT. RESULTS Among 8 characteristics evaluated, pre-HCT FBG was associated with variability in both the initial levels and the trajectories of FBG. Body mass index was only associated with initial levels of FBG. CONCLUSIONS The large amount of interindividual variability in the trajectories of FBG levels following autologous HCT suggests that glucose control in these patients warrants ongoing assessments and preemptive tailoring. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Fasting blood glucose monitoring is warranted. Additional research with larger samples is warranted to identify additional modifiable and nonmodifiable characteristics associated with interindividual variability in FBG levels.
Start-stop and recuperation

The modern start-stop systems will be even more efficiently designed in the future and will allow regenerative braking to be applied profitably: a DC-DC converter with an integrated double-layer capacitor, which is developed by the electrical/electronics field of operations at Alcoa, also makes a contribution. Alcoa display significant fuel saving effects with the so-called Energy Conversion Module (ECM). The ECM will also make a decisive contribu- tion to the stabilisation of the on-board power supply which, due to increasing numbers of electrical accessories, will border on its performance and comfort limits. Automobile manufacturers are currently testing the module.
Students’ Understanding of Institutional Practices: The Missing Dimension in Human Rights Education:

This study used task-based group interviews with young adolescents in four countries to investigate their understanding of the causes of human rights violations, means for protecting human rights, ...
Airport Cyber Security and Cyber Resilience Controls.

Cyber Security scares are the main areas of demerits associated with the advent and widespread of internet technology. While the internet has improved life and business processes, the levels of security threats have been increasing proportionally. As such, the web and the related cyber systems have exposed the world to the state of continuous vigilance because of the existential threats of attacks. Criminals are in the constant state of attempting cybersecurity defense of various infrastructures and businesses. Airports are some of the areas where cybersecurity means a lot of things. The reason for the criticality of cybersecurity in airports concerns the high integration of internet and computer systems in the operations of airports. This paper is about airport cybersecurity and resilience controls. At the start of the article is a comprehensive introduction that provides a preview of the entire content. In the paper, there are discussions of airport intelligence classification, cybersecurity malicious threats analysis, and research methodology. A concise conclusion marks the end of the article.
Gate Drivers for High-Frequency Application of Silicon-Carbide MOSFETs: Design considerations for faster growth of LV and MV applications

With the advent of wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices, silicon-carbide (SiC)-based MOSFETs for high voltage and current serve as a viable replacement for conventional Si-based IGBTs [1], [2]. SiC-based MOSFETs combine the advantages of both IGBTs and MOSFETs, have a low on-state resistance at a high-voltage rating (similar to IGBTs), and lower-switching losses than those of Si MOSFETs, thus making it closer to an ideal switch [3]. This makes it possible for SiC MOSFETs to process high power at high-switching frequencies without compromising the efficiency of the system [4]. Due to the inherent lower on-state specific resistance and faster switching speeds in SiC MOSFETs, it is also possible to develop and use medium-voltage (MV) power semiconductor devices greater than 6.5 kV without experiencing very high losses [5]. The SiC MOSFET design and development can be divided into two broad categories: low-voltage (LV)-blocking (l3.3-kV) and MV-blocking (g3.3-kV) SiC MOSFETs [6]. Although MV SiC MOSFETs can enable niche applications, there is widespread use of LV-blocking power devices in various applications such as renewable energy, drives for electrical machines, power converters for electric vehicles, and so on, whereas SiC MOSFETs can offer a multitude of advantages over Si IGBTs [7], [8].
Oesophageal eosinophilia accompanies food allergy to hen egg white protein in young pigs

BACKGROUND Esophagitis with eosinophilia, inflammation, and fibrosis represent a chronic condition in humans with food allergies. OBJECTIVE In this investigation, we asked whether esophagitis with an eosinophilic component is observed in young pigs rendered allergic to hen egg white protein (HEWP). METHODS Food allergy was induced in young pigs using two protocols. In one protocol, sensitized pigs were challenged by gavage with a single dose of HEWP. Clinical signs were monitored for 24 hours, and then, gastrointestinal (GI) tissues were collected for histological examination. The phenotype of circulating, ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cells also was examined in HEWP challenged animals. In the second protocol, sensitized animals were fed HEWP for 28 days. Animals were then examined by endoscopy and gastrointestinal tissues collected for histological examination. RESULTS In pigs challenged by gavage with HEWP, clinical signs were noted in 5/6 pigs including diarrhoea, emesis, and skin rash. Clinical signs were not seen in any control group. Histological analysis revealed significant levels of oesophageal eosinophilic infiltration (P < .05) in 4/6 of these animals, with two also displaying eosinophilic infiltration in the stomach. Eosinophils were not increased in ileum or colon samples. Increased numbers of circulating, OVA-specific CD4+ T cells also were observed in pigs that received HEWP by gavage. In the group of animals fed HEWP, endoscopy revealed clinical signs of esophagitis including oedema, granularity, white spots, and furrowing, while histology revealed oedema, immune cell infiltration, and basal zone hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Food allergy in the pig can be associated with esophagitis based on histological and endoscopic findings, including eosinophilic infiltration. The young pig may, therefore, be a useful large animal model for the study of eosinophilic esophagitis in humans.
Studying the effect of wall cooling in supersonic boundary layer flow using resolvent analysis

Analysis of the resolvent operator is used to study the properties of high-speed turbulent boundary layers for cooled walls. Previous study [1] shows that the resolvent response modes in the relatively subsonic region of high-speed turbulent boundary layers with adiabatic wall boundary conditions follow the same scaling law as those of the incompressible boundary layer case, validating Morkovin’s hypothesis on a mode-by-mode basis. Here, we study the effect of the cooled-wall boundary condition on the individual resolvent response modes to understand the underlying mechanisms that cause the failure of Morkovin’s hypothesis and velocity transformations for increasingly non-adiabatic walls. In particular, we show that the density and temperature resolvent mode shapes for the cooled-wall case exhibit a secondary peak in the inner and logarithmic layer, which is a result of the non-monotonic mean temperature profile that is absent in adiabatic cases. We also show that the secondary peak becomes more prominent with decreasing surface temperature ratio. The deviation of the mean velocity profiles is attributed to the change in the response modes in the near-wall region, the effect of which is propagated further away from the wall through nonlinear interactions.
Right-Sided Aortic Arch With Symptomatic Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery-Kommerell Diverticulum: An Isolation Procedure.

Abstract Right-sided aortic arch is a rare anomaly (incidence 0.05%), commonly associated with an aberrant subclavian artery (35% of cases) with a Kommerell diverticulum at the origin. This aberrant artery passes posterior to the esophagus and can cause compression syndrome. We present such a case, treated with a hybrid endovascular repair. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Preference and Choice in a Fuzzy Environment

This paper is concerned with two models of decision making in a fuzzy environment. The first one is based on Zadeh’s idea of a maximizing fuzzy set and on an approach to decisionmaking suggested by Bellman and Zadeh. The second model employs fuzzy preferences to describe the choice of “best” alternatives. Recent results in the area of representation theory for fuzzy binary relations are used to study relationships between these models.
Corrosion behavior of a dynamically deformed Al–Mg alloy

Abstract The interplay between residual strain and corrosive medium can accelerate the material failure either by stress corrosion cracking or corrosion fatigue. Thus, in this work, the effect of deformation history on the electrochemical behavior of Al–Mg (AA5083) alloy in a 0.6 M NaCl solution was investigated. Initially, the Al5083 samples were deformed using forward Taylor anvil experiments and digital image correlation measurement was performed to characterize the accumulated plastic strain in the samples as well as the effect of higher defect density and fragmentation of coarse cathodic intermetallic particles. Potentiodynamic and cyclic polarization experiments were performed and results showed an increase in corrosion current density and a negative shift in protection potential in impacted samples. This is further confirmed using post corrosion microstructure, which showed a higher probability of trenching around fragmented cathodic particles near the impacted end. Hence, prior deformation history found to alter the electrochemical property to a large extent.
Simultaneous Assessment of Intracellular and Extracellular pH Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Alanine Ethyl Ester.

Tissue pH is tightly regulated in vivo, being a sensitive physiological biomarker. Advent of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and its translation to humans stimulated development of p...
Hidden in Plain Sight: The Black Women’s Blueprint for Institutional Transformation in Higher Education

Many institutional leaders find themselves struggling to achieve racial equity in a sociopolitical context where hatemongering, misogyny, xenophobia, heterosexism, and racism have been normalized a...
Informational Gaps, Needs, and Preferences of Adults with Chronic Health Conditions and Their Family Caregivers

The purpose of this cross-sectional, qualitative study was to determine unmet educational needs, preferences, and barriers experienced by individuals with chronic illness and their caregivers. A survey containing fixed-choice selections and open-ended questions was sent to persons with cancer and other chronic diseases who had been seen within a large national private health system. Between 20% and 25% of participants had difficulty obtaining health care information and/or felt overwhelmed with managing their condition. Coping, managing symptoms, and making treatment decisions were areas of need in both patients and caregivers. Preferences for receiving information were diverse. Existing methods of communication including secure Web sites where patients can access their medical records posed significant challenges.
Elevated cognitive dietary restraint mediates the relationship between greater impulsivity and more frequent binge eating in individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders.

The current study aimed to examine the relationships between impulsivity, dietary restraint, and binge eating frequency in individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders. Secondary data analysis was conducted on baseline data from three ongoing or recently completed clinical trials. 148 participants diagnosed with a DSM-5 eating disorder characterized by binge eating were administered a clinical interview to assess dietary restraint and binge eating frequency and completed a self-report measure of trait impulsivity. Mediation analyses found that increased dietary restraint mediated the relationship between higher impulsivity, particularly greater positive urgency and sensation-seeking, and more frequent binge eating episodes. While more research using momentary assessment methods is necessary to confirm our findings, results from the current study call attention to the potential role of dietary restraint in the impulsivity-binge eating relationship for individuals with binge-spectrum eating disorders. Level V descriptive study.
The Fragmented United States of America: The Impact of Scattered Lock-Down Policies on Country-Wide Infections

Fragmented by policies, united by outcomes: This is the picture of the United States that emerges from our analysis of the spatial diffusion of COVID-19 and the scattered lock-down policies introduced by individual states to contain it. We first use spatial econometric techniques to document direct and indirect spillovers of new infections across county and state lines, as well as the impact of individual states' lock-down policies on infections in neighboring states. We find consistent statistical evidence that new cases diffuse across county lines, holding county level factors constant, and that the diffusion across counties was affected by the closure policies of adjacent states. Spatial impulse response functions reveal that the diffusion across counties is persistent for up to ten days after an increase in adjacent counties. We then develop a spatial version of the epidemiological SIR model where new infections arise from interactions between infected people in one state and susceptible people in the same or in neighboring states. We incorporate lock-down policies into our model and calibrate the model to match both the cumulative and the new infections across the 48 contiguous U.S. states and DC. Our results suggest that, had the states with the less restrictive social distancing measures tightened them by one level, the cumulative infections in other states would be about 5% smaller. In our spatial SIR model, the spatial containment policies such as border closures have a bigger impact on flattening the infection curve in the short-run than on the cumulative infections in the long-run.
Theory of an FIR Gas Laser

A rate equation model for an optically pumped FIR gas laser is proposed. The gain expression includes saturation effects due to both pump power and FIR intensity. A criterion for positive gain is derived, and the role of velocity cross-relaxation examined.