cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orbital compartment syndrome following retrobulbar injection of amphotericin B for invasive fungal disease

Abstract Purpose To describe a complication of retrobulbar amphotericin B injections in the treatment of invasive rhino-orbital asperigillosis . Observations 27 year-old renal transplant recipient presented with a two-week history of headache, binocular diplopia and proptosis of the left eye. Endonasal biopsy on hospital day 3 confirmed the diagnosis of rhino-orbital invasive Aspergillus fumigatus involving the left orbital apex. In addition to systemic antifungal treatment and cessation of immunosuppression, retrobulbar amphotericin B injections (3.5 mg/1 ml) combined with endoscopic local debridement were initiated when the patient developed progressive visual loss. Retrobulbar injections were administered on hospital days 8, 10, 14, 17, and 20. Endoscopic debridement occurred on hospital days 10 and 16. After the fifth retrobulbar amphotericin B injection, the patient developed acute orbital compartment syndrome with intraocular pressures ranging from 47 to 86 mmHg and vision declined to 20/200, requiring emergent lateral canthotomy and superior and inferior cantholysis. Close observation without further intervention resulted in return of vision to 20/20 and normalization of intraocular pressure. Conclusion and importance Retrobulbar amphotericin B in combination with local debridement may be considered an alternative to exenteration for invasive aspergillosis secondary to reversible immunosuppression. To the authors' knowledge, orbital compartment syndrome secondary to retrobulbar amphotericin B administration has not previously been reported. Patients should be counseled on the risk of severe local inflammation due to amphotericin B. More research is needed to establish the most appropriate dosing, frequency, and duration of retrobulbar amphotericin B injections in the treatment of life-threatening Aspergillus infections.
Genetic Drift during Systemic Arbovirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors Leads to Decreased Relative Fitness during Host Switching

The emergence of mosquito-borne RNA viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), is facilitated by genetically complex virus populations within hosts. Here, we determine whether WNV enzootic (Culex tarsalis, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. pipiens) and bridge vectors (Aedes aegypti) have differential impacts on viral mutational diversity and fitness. During systemic mosquito infection, WNV faced stochastic reductions in genetic diversity that rapidly was recovered during intra-tissue population expansions. Interestingly, this intrahost selection and diversification was mosquito species dependent with Cx. tarsalis and Cx. quinquefasciatus exhibiting greater WNV divergence. However, recovered viral populations contained a preponderance of potentially deleterious mutations (i.e., high mutational load) and had lower relative fitness in avian cells compared to input virus. These findings demonstrate that the adaptive potential associated with mosquito transmission varies depending on the mosquito species and carries a significant fitness cost in vertebrates.
Altered central monoamine response to D-amphetamine in rats chronically exposed to inorganic lead.

Investigations of the mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity resulting from chronic inorganic lead (Pb) exposure have centered on CNS biogenic amine function on the basis of behavioral and neurochemical findings. The following study examined the time course of the response of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons to d-amphetamine (AMPH) in rats chronically exposed to Pb from birth in order to further examine neurochemical mechanisms implicated by previous work. Offspring were exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate via the lactating dam and then weaned to the same drinking solution. At 120–140 days animals were injected with 1.0 mg/kg s.c. of the drug or with saline and sacrificed after various intervals. DA content in nucleus accumbens and corpus striatum in Pb-exposed animals was significantly higher than corresponding levels in controls at 20 minutes post-drug and remained significantly higher than baseline values at 80 minutes after the drug when DA concentrations in controls had returned to normal. These data suggest enhanced AMPH-induced DA synthesis in exposed rats. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) content was significantly increased in three brain regions in exposed rats given AMPH compared to values in saline-injected exposed animals, indicating a compensation in these areas for the decreases in 5-HIAA values produced by Pb exposure alone. The results of this study reinforce the hypothesis that DA and 5-HT neurons are sensitive to relatively low levels of Pb exposure.
INHIBITION OF VARICELLA VIRUS BY 5-IODO-2'-DEOXYURIDINE.

SummaryAlthough 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (5-IDU) has some effect on the multiplication of human fibroblasts in tissue culture, it also markedly prevents cytopathic effects of varicella-zoster virus even when added to the tissue culture in concentrations of 5 μg/ml as long as 3 days after challenge with the virus. The compound will inhibit further plaque formation even after cytopathic effects are already evident. Production of plaque-forming virus particles is likewise suppressed by the compound. These findings provide indirect evidence that varicella-zoster virus is a DNA virus, and they suggest that perhaps this compound might find some use in cases of serious human disease produced by this virus.
Elements in Hygienic Management of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Shanghai

[Objective]To explore the elements in hygienic management of central air conditioning ventilation systems(CACVS).[Methods]Relevant domestic and international standards/regulations and inspection results from field surveys were retrieved to analyze the requirements of hygienic management for CACVS.[Results]Six elements in hygienic management of CACVS were identified from the comprehensive analysis,including hygienic requirements in design phase,daily operation hygiene,hygiene indicators and standards,inspection standards and methods,hygienic evaluation,and cleaning.[Conclusion]The proposed 6 hygienic management elements of CACVS provide a technical basis for daily operation and hygienic supervision.
Infant Locomotion, the Language Environment, and Language Development: A Home Observation Study.

Developmental transitions, such as the onset of walking, are associated with changes in a broad range of domains, including language development and social interactions. This study used a full-day home observation recording to compare the language environment of age-matched crawling and walking infants. Central to the study was exploring how the language environment related to vocabulary development of each locomotor group. Adult words, infant vocalizations, and parent-child conversational turn-taking were positively associated with infant vocabulary development, but only for walking infants. These findings provide further evidence for the integrated nature of infant locomotion, language development, and the social and linguistic environment.
Student perceptions of a simulation-based flipped classroom for the surgery clerkship: A mixed-methods study.

Background The flipped classroom, a blended learning paradigm that uses pre-session online videos reinforced with interactive sessions, has been proposed as an alternative to traditional lectures. This article investigates medical students' perceptions of a simulation-based, flipped classroom for the surgery clerkship and suggests best practices for implementation in this setting. Methods A prospective cohort of students (n = 89), who were enrolled in the surgery clerkship during a 1-year period, was taught via a simulation-based, flipped classroom approach. Students completed an anonymous, end-of-clerkship survey regarding their perceptions of the curriculum. Quantitative analysis of Likert responses and qualitative analysis of narrative responses were performed. Results Students' perceptions of the curriculum were positive, with 90% rating it excellent or outstanding. The majority reported the curriculum should be continued (95%) and applied to other clerkships (84%). The component received most favorably by the students was the simulation-based skill sessions. Students rated the effectiveness of the Khan Academy-style videos the highest compared with other video formats (P Conclusion Medical students' perceptions of a simulation-based, flipped classroom in the surgery clerkship were overwhelmingly positive. The flipped classroom approach can be applied successfully in a surgery clerkship setting and may offer additional benefits compared with traditional lecture-based curricula.
Regression of renal carcinoma following radiation therapy.

AbstractA case of regression of a renal carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava is presented. After 6 weeks of radiation therapy there was considerable diminution in the size of the tumor, rendering its surgical excision amenable. The tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava also was markedly diminished after 5,000 rads. Radiation therapy is a valuable tool in the primary or adjunctive treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Preoperative treatment should be considered with large tumors and vena cava involvement.
Blood Biomarkers of Chronic Inflammation in Gulf War Illness

Background More than twenty years following the end of the 1990–1991 Gulf War it is estimated that approximately 300,000 veterans of this conflict suffer from an unexplained chronic, multi-system disorder known as Gulf War Illness (GWI). The etiology of GWI may be exposure to chemical toxins, but it remains only partially defined, and its case definition is based only on symptoms. Objective criteria for the diagnosis of GWI are urgently needed for diagnosis and therapeutic research. Objective This study was designed to determine if blood biomarkers could provide objective criteria to assist diagnosis of GWI. Design A surveillance study of 85 Gulf War Veteran volunteers identified from the Department of Veterans Affairs Minnesota Gulf War registry was performed. All subjects were deployed to the Gulf War. Fifty seven subjects had GWI defined by CDC criteria, and 28 did not have symptomatic criteria for a diagnosis of GWI. Statistical analyses were performed on peripheral blood counts and assays of 61 plasma proteins using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test to compare biomarker distributions and stepwise logistic regression to formulate a diagnostic model. Results Lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts were higher in GWI subjects. Six serum proteins associated with inflammation were significantly different in GWI subjects. A diagnostic model of three biomarkers—lymphocytes, monocytes, and C reactive protein—had a predicted probability of 90% (CI 76–90%) for diagnosing GWI when the probability of having GWI was above 70%. Significance The results of the current study indicate that inflammation is a component of the pathobiology of GWI. Analysis of the data resulted in a model utilizing three readily measurable biomarkers that appears to significantly augment the symptom-based case definition of GWI. These new observations are highly relevant to the diagnosis of GWI, and to therapeutic trials.
Experimental implementation of Extended Kalman filter-based optical beam tracking with a single receiver

For an efficient free-space optical communication, the receiver should have a close-to-line-of-sight(LOS) link with the transmitter. Maintaining an alignment for LOS is a difficult task due to the constant movement of the underlying mobile platform or unwanted disturbances. The previously proposed Extended Kalman Filter-based algorithm uses light intensity measurements from single receiver photo-diode and a scanning technique to estimate the relative orientation between the receiver and the transmitter and adjust the receiver's orientation accordingly. This work focuses on the experimental implementation of the algorithms, and evaluates the estimation and control performance through an extensive set of simulation and experiments. In particular, it is found that the proposed algorithms are effective when unknown relative movements are relatively slow.
Biological Effects Studies at Various Levels Along the U.S. Pacific Coast

Recent biological effects research and monitoring activities along the U.S. Pacific Coast are reviewed from both disciplinary and decision-making points of view. Innovations and applications are being developed at all levels of biological organization from community and population studies to new measurements of the biochemical fate of pollutants. There are clear needs to publish the results of longterm monitoring studies, develop more quantitative approaches for using biological effects studies in decision-making and to increase inter-laboratory comparability of results.
Plexiform schwannoma: an unusual clitoral mass

Acquired clitoral enlargement is a rare condition resulting from a variety of etiologies, including tumors and excess androgens. Few cases of nonmalignant schwannoma, a benign tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath, have been reported in the literature as causes of clitoral enlargement in patients without known neurofibromatosis. These painless, slow-growing tumors rarely recur once excised. We present the initial investigation of a patient with a large clitoral schwannoma and subsequent treatment with partial vulvectomy. The workup, including advanced pelvic imaging for diagnosis and surgical planning, as well as removal of the clitoral tumor with preservation of functional tissue and restoration of normal vulvar anatomy despite a large excision, is demonstrated.
To use or not to use? Amiodarone before heart transplantation

Background Amiodarone frequently is used in patients with heart failure. Concerns still exist about possible complications related to its lingering effect during and after heart transplantation. Methods We selected all consecutive patients who received a heart transplant at our institution between January 2004 and December 2015 ( n = 220) and compared the peri- and postoperative outcomes of patients who were taking amiodarone for at least 120 days before heart transplant ( n = 127) with patients who did not take amiodarone prior to heart transplant ( n = 93). Results Compared with patients with no amiodarone use prior to transplant, those who had used amiodarone were similar in age, body mass index, sex, cause of cardiomyopathy, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, presence of defibrillator, and had similar donor ischemic times during transplant (all P > .05). Median operative time, aortic cross clamp time, mechanical ventilation and median hospital duration of stay did not differ between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Patients exposed to amiodarone had fewer cellular rejections (5% vs 20%; P = .001) but more primary graft dysfunction (4% vs 0%; P = .025) and post-transplant pneumonia ( P = .047) compared with patients not taking amiodarone prior to transplant. Both groups had similar rate of atrial fibrillation, 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality ( P > .05). Even though 1-year survival was not affected by amiodarone use ( P = .51), long-term (5-year) survival was significantly less in patients exposed to amiodarone ( P = .03). Conclusion Amiodarone use did not affect the incidence of atrial fibrillation nor 30-day and 1-year survival post-transplantation. Nevertheless, post-transplant pulmonary complications were significantly greater and 5-year survival was less among patients treated with amiodarone prior to transplant.
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Signaling Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Discovery of molecular pathways critical to carcinogenesis is revolutionizing the treatment and prevention of cancer. Traditional chemotherapeutic approaches involve “global” cytotoxicity to both normal and carcinoma cells. Over the past decade, investigators have developed compounds that are selective in inhibiting tumor formation by targeting specific signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The TGF-β family of polypeptides controls a broad spectrum of biological processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. While downstream signaling events have been extensively studied over the past two decades, perhaps the most interesting and significant advances of the next decade will involve therapeutic modulation of TGF-β signaling. Under transforming conditions, tumor cells are relieved from TGF-β-induced growth constraints and an increased production of TGF-β creates a local immunosuppressive environment that promotes tumor growth and worsens the invasive and metastatic behavior of the tumor. Therefore, counteracting the tumor-promoting effects of TGF-β presents a novel potential application of these inhibitors as therapeutic agents for human cancers with the goal of blocking tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The significant challenge involves identifying appropriate patients for therapy to ensure that targeted tumors are not only refractory to TGF-β-induced tumor-suppressor functions but also responsive to tumor-promoting effects of TGF-β. This report reviews our current understanding of TGF-β signal transduction with a particular focus on therapeutic modulation of TGF-β signaling in human cancers.
Infant rhinitis and watery eyes predict school-age exercise-induced wheeze, emergency department visits and respiratory-related hospitalizations.

Abstract Background Rhinitis and conjunctivitis are often linked to asthma development through an allergic pathway. However, runny nose and watery eyes can result from nonallergic mechanisms. These mechanisms can also underlie exercise-induced wheeze (EIW), which has been associated with urgent medical visits for asthma, independent of other indicators of asthma severity or control. Objective To test the hypothesis that rhinitis or watery eyes without cold symptoms (RWWC) in infancy predict development of EIW and urgent respiratory-related medical visits at school age, independent of seroatopy. Methods Within a prospective birth cohort of low-income, urban children (n = 332), RWWC was queried during the first year of life. Relative risks (RRs) for EIW, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations for asthma and other breathing difficulties at 5 to 7 years of age were estimated with multivariable models. Seroatopy was determined at 7 years of age. Results Infant RWWC was common (49% of children) and predicted school-age EIW (RR, 2.8; P P = .001), and hospitalizations (RR, 9.8; P = .002). These associations were independent of infant wheeze. They were also independent of birth order, an indicator of increased risk of exposure to viruses in infancy, and infant ear infections, an indicator of sequelae of upper airway infections. The association between infant RWWC and ED visits at 5 to 7 years of age was attenuated (RR, 1.2; P = .23) when EIW at 5 to 7 years of age was included in the model, suggesting EIW mediates the association. Adjustment for seroatopy did not diminish the magnitudes of any of these associations. Conclusion These findings suggest a nonallergic connection between infant nonwheeze symptoms and important consequences of urban respiratory health by school age through EIW.
A Review of Ocean Acoustic Tomography: 1987–1990

The techniques and instruments used in acoustic tomography of the oceans are surveyed, and results are summarized. Sections are devoted to theoretical studies and numerical simulations (mesoscale mapping, vertical-slice tomography, flow imaging, and nonlinear bias), series of tomographic experiments, analyses to identify global changes, and outstanding problems (the forward and inverse problems and ocean physics). Typical data are presented in tables and graphs, and a comprehensive bibliography is provided. 72 refs.
Systematic review of interventions to repair ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms.

Background The safety and efficacy of endovascular therapies for ascending aortic pseudoaneurysms (AAPs) are still controversial. Methods We report an endovascular correction of an AAP in a high-risk surgical patient and present the results of a literature review focusing on AAP treatment strategies. A multilingual search of AAP therapy was performed with limiting dates of January 1980 to May 2014. The studies were classified by intervention. Results A 79-year-old male with a 9 × 10 × 7 cm AAP in the anterior mediastinum was considered too high risk for surgery. An endovascular closure with a 12 mm Amplatzer septal occluder device (St. Jude Medical) was performed, and computed tomography angiography at 3-month follow-up exhibited a thrombosed AAP with minimal residual shunt. In our literature search, we identified 355 cases of AAPs, mostly case reports (91.5%) and a few patient series (8.5%). Surgical correction accounted for 73.8% of the cases, 5% of the patients were conservatively treated or considered too critically ill for any intervention, and 21.2% were treated with endovascular techniques. The most commonly reported endovascular techniques were stent grafts (9.8%) and septal occluder devices (9.8%). Conclusion Although endovascular closure of AAPs with off-label devices is a reliable option for controlling the expansion and symptoms in high-risk surgical patients, solid data on survival are lacking. Efforts to promote discussion within the heart team to expand the application of endovascular techniques can provide groundbreaking evidence to support the use of endovascular techniques as guideline therapy when facing these complicated cases.
Exploring the Lithium Dip: A Comparison of Clusters

The Li dip is compared in 4 clusters ranging in age from 750 Myr to 4 Gyr and in metallicity from [Fe/H] = + 0.12 to − 0.15 and inferences are drawn by comparison to model predictions.
The Role of Mucociliary Transport in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Mucociliary clearance is responsible for removing inhaled deposited organisms, particles and for clearing cellular debris and waste products from the airways of the lung. Within the mucus coating are also phagocytic, enzimatic and immunological defenses that are, in large part responsible for keeping the lung free from infection. Changes in the depth of mucus lining or its rate of transport in the various airway generations could compromise any of these defense mechanisms.
Homeland Security: Enduring Weakness of Command and Control

It is difficult for political leaders to effectively manage homeland security emergencies. The dominant response to this difficulty has been to strengthen centralized command control of relevant government agencies. This paper argues that there are important limitations on the effectiveness of such command and control mechanisms. Political leaders should be careful not to rely too heavily on such centralized mechanisms.
Nonhuman biota dose rate estimation from liquid effluent releases during normal operations of light water reactors using the LADTAP II computer code

Abstract The LADTAP II computer code was used to estimate the dose rates to seven nonhuman biota (fish, algae, invertebrate, muskrat, raccoon, heron, and duck) from liquid effluent releases during the normal operations of new light water reactor facilities in the United States. The estimated dose rates to nonhuman biota depended on the nuclear power plant design but were orders of magnitude less than the ‘derived consideration reference levels’ (DCRL) in International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 108. The estimated dose rates were at least three orders of magnitude lower than the guideline values identified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements to cause observable changes in populations of biota. Radionuclides that contributed most of the dose rates for seven nonhuman biota depended on the nuclear power plant design. The differences in the estimated dose rates to seven nonhuman biota calculated from the default bioaccumulation factors used in the LADTAP II computer code and the dose rates calculated from the concentration ratios of radionuclides in the IAEA Technical Report Series (TRS) wildlife handbook were less than one order of magnitude for most default biota in LADTAP. The concentration ratios for some radionuclides in liquid effluent releases from nuclear power plant designs that contributed more than 5% of the internal dose rates for invertebrates (P, and Ru) and algae (La and Pr) were not available in the IAEA TRS wildlife handbook.
Unearthing the factors governing site specific rates of electronic excitations in multicomponent plasmonic systems and catalysts

We use experimental and computational studies of core–shell metal–semiconductor and metal–molecule systems to investigate the mechanism of energy flow and energetic charge carrier generation in multicomponent plasmonic systems. We demonstrate that the rates of plasmon decay through the formation of energetic charge carriers are governed by two factors: (1) the intensity of the local plasmon induced electric fields at a specific location in the multicomponent nanostructure, and (2) the availability of direct, momentum conserved electronic excitations in the material located in that specific location. We propose a unifying physical framework that describes the flow of energy in all multicomponent plasmonic systems and leads us towards molecular control of the energy flow and excited charge carrier generation in these systems.
Theory of the energy fluctuation of multicomponent alloys

Abstract Structural models are usually employed to calculate the physical properties of random alloys. The “Special Quasirandom Structures” (SQS) method was proposed to maximize the randomness of systems with given sizes in 1990. However, hitherto there is no theory to guide the finding of such system sizes with appropriately small energy fluctuations as input for the SQS method. To this end, we propose an effective theory to treat the fluctuations of energies for random multicomponent alloys. The theory is validated by accurate Wang-Landau Monte Carlo sampling in the cases of body-centered cubic FeCo and face-centered cubic NiCoCr alloys.
Progress in the problem of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose of reviewThe majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) die from disease recurrence and historically, treatment options in both the relapsed and refractory settings of this disease have been limited. However, new insights into the molecular characterization and biology of relapse
Aging with Parkinson’s Disease

This chapter highlights the etiology, clinical manifestations, and current rehabilitation options for older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) within the context of normal aging. We highlight primary balance and gait deficits and their impact on fall rates as well as discuss dual tasking, cognitive disturbances, and their impact on the overall motor profile with PD. We consider current options with a focus on exercise-based therapy for PD. Currently, research is especially engaged in investigating novel approaches to exercise (e.g., Tai Chi, adapted dance) which in addition to more tradition therapies (e.g., aerobic and strength training exercises) have emerged as promising therapies for PD. Efficacy of such interventions is presented with respect to new research showing cognitive effects. Understanding the mechanisms for rehabilitative gains is crucial for further development of targeted and efficient therapy. We will conclude the chapter by discussing hypotheses regarding mechanisms underlying functional recovery in PD following rehabilitation.
A Rare Case of Infective Endocarditis Caused by Gemella haemolysans.

Gemella haemolysans is a gram-positive coccoid, facultative anaerobe of the mucous membranes. In rare cases, it has been identified as an opportunistic pathogen in the development of endocarditis. Here, we describe a case of infective endocarditis in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve. A 38-year-old man presented with the complaint of exertional dyspnea of one month duration. He was found to have leucocytosis and his blood cultures grew Gemella haemolysans. Trans-esophageal echocardiography showed a bicuspid aortic valve with 1.5 x 1.5 cm vegetative mass, severe aortic regurgitation, and an aortic root abscess. The patient was started on intravenous ampicillin and gentamycin. He then underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement and bovine reconstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. Our case highlights the importance of considering atypical pathogens as causative agents of infective endocarditis.
Examining the Relationship between Poverty level and Mental Health Care Among Children Ages 0-17

Purpose: Up to 20% of children in the United States suffer from some sort of mental illness, with mental illness being defined as a mental disorder that causes changes in thinking, mood, or behavior that leads to distress and impaired functioning. However, only 1 in 5 children receive care for a mental health disorder. While there are several studies looking at barriers to mental health care among children, there is a paucity of recent literature …
Impact of Refrigerated Storage Time on Woody Broiler Breast Severity and Instrumental Quality

Chicken breast samples (N = 90; n = 30 normal [NOR]; n = 30 moderate [MOD] woody breast [WB]; n = 30 severe [SEV] WB) were collected from a commercial processing plant on 5 separate occasions and were evaluated for severity from d 0 through d 5. A 3 × 6 two-way factorial structure (meat quality treatment × storage time) with 5 replications within a randomized complete block design (replications as blocks) with subsamples was utilized to evaluate the effects of treatment (NOR, MOD, SEV) and storage time (d 0 through 5) on pH, color, cook loss, shear force, and proximate analysis (d 0 and 5). After 5 d of storage at 2°C to 4°C, 84% of SEV WB fillets were evaluated as MOD WB, which was greater (P < 0.05) than all other storage times. In comparison, 40% to 52% of the MOD WB fillets were rated as slight WB or NOR after 3 to 5 d of storage. Cook loss was less (P < 0.05) for NOR compared to MOD and SEV breast meat at all storage times. Shear force was greater (P < 0.05) for NOR breast meat than MOD and SEV WB meat on d 0. After 2, 3, 4, and 5 d of storage, the upper position (cranial part) of SEV WB had greater (P < 0.05) shear force than NOR fillets. Therefore, the lessening of severity that occurred in WB meat over refrigerated storage was apparent through palpation but did not result in improved texture in the cranial portion of the breast, based on shear force and water-holding capacity results. These results are important because they indicate that, even though muscle softening occurred over refrigerated storage time, meat quality did not improve.
Comparison of three glycoproteomic methods for the analysis of CHO cells treated with 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc

Comprehensive analysis of the glycoproteome is critical due to the widespread importance of this post-translational modification to protein function, and difficult because of the tremendous complexity it exhibits. Here we compared three glycoproteomic analysis methods, a recently described chemoenzymatic glycoproteome analysis methods, N-linked glycans and glycosite containing peptides (NGAG), Solid-phase extraction of N-linked glycoproteins (SPEG), and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), for the analysis of N-linked glycosites of Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells treated with 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc. The NGAG protocol resulted in substantially increased glycosite identifications over both SPEG and HILIC. Interestingly, while the glycosites identified by SPEG and HILIC overlapped strongly, NGAG identified many glycosites not observed in either of the other two methods. Further, utilizing the enhanced intact glycopeptide identification afforded by the NGAG workflow, we also found that of the sugar analog 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc increases sialylation of proteins secreted by CHO cells, including an ectopically expressed human proteins.
Using Delay Fading Procedures to Increase Self-Control

Children and adolescents, relative to adults, disproportionately favor smaller, immediate outcomes over larger, delayed outcomes. From a behavioral perspective, this sensitivity toward immediate rewards constitutes impulsive choice, which characterizes numerous behavioral health problems commonly observed during childhood (particularly among individuals with neurobehavioral disabilities). Accordingly, a variety of behavioral technologies have been developed and are widely implemented in applied settings (e.g., self-monitoring programs, interdependent group contingencies, individualized token reinforcement programs) to reduce impulsive responding and promote self-control. Although there is a plethora of research literature detailing these interventions, several promising delay fading procedures may also have clinical utility in applied treatment contexts. The purpose of the present review is to highlight contemporary behavior-analytic research involving delay fading procedures that may increase self-control among children and adolescents and facilitate additional research in the area of self-control.
Non-invasive identification of potato varieties and prediction of the origin of tuber cultivation using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy.

High starch content, simplicity of cultivation, and high productivity make potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) a staple in the diet of people around the world. On average, potatoes are composed of 83% water and 12% carbohydrates, and the remaining 4% includes proteins, vitamins, and other trace elements. These proportions vary depending on the type of potato and location where they were cultivated. At the same time, the chemical composition determines the nutritional value of potato tubers and can be proved using various wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. For instance, gravity measurements, as well as several different colorimetric assays, can be used to investigate the starch content. However, these approaches are indirect, often destructive, and time- and labor-consuming. This study reports on the use of Raman spectroscopy (RS) for completely non-invasive and non-destructive assessment of nutrient content of potato tubers. We also show that RS can be used to identify nine different potato varieties, as well as determine the origin of their cultivation. The portable nature of Raman-based identification of potato offers the possibility to perform such analysis directly upon potato harvesting to enable quick quality evaluation.
Minimization of noise temperature for the hot-electron mixer

The principal factors which limit the bandwidth and noise temperature of a hot-electron mixer have been calculated. The minimum mixer contribution to the effective noise temperature is found to be 33 T Lattice . under matched conditions, in good agreement with previously published experiments.
Correction to: Complicity in Harm Reduction

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The fourth sentence of third paragraph under section Do Harm Reduction Programs Condone Harm? Should be "One of us (Corvino)" instead of "One of us (name removed for blinded manuscript)".The original article has been corrected.
Black Women’s Activism in Brazil: Black Genocide, Anti-Blackness and Racial Apartheid

This article focuses on changes in Black women’s activism, particularly in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, from 1995-2015, by comparing two national marches. Black organizations throughout the country came together to organize a national march in national’s capital Brasilia in November 1995. Twenty years later in November 2015, Black women organized a national march to address the intersection of racism and sexism. During those twenty years, Black activists worked tirelessly against Black genocide, anti-Blackness and racial apartheid in Brazil, and Black women stood on the frontlines of these struggles. The intersectionality of race, class, and gender were and remain critical to the activism of Black women and to the production of research and knowledge. The paper examines the changes activism in the Black movement over twenty years that marked the growth on Black women’s organizations and networks.
SHALLOW ANCHOR RESISTANCE TO ECCENTRIC UPLIFT LOAD

During the past several years, a number of laboratory model and large-scale field test results on the breakout resistance of horizontal circular anchors (shallow and deep), due to vertical uplifting force, have been reported. A comprehensive review of such related works has been given by Vesic. Similar laboratory model test results on the breakout resistance of shallow rectangular anchors in loose sand, with length-to-width ratio of the model plates varying from 1 to 5, have been reported by the writers. The results of these tests were also compared with the existing theory of Meyerhof and Adams. A review of related literature shows that no work has been done to determine the ultimate breakout resistance of horizontal anchor plate during the pullout process, resulting in an unsymmetrical failure of soil. As pointed out by Vesic, such results may be extremely helpful in salvage operations at the ocean bottom. The purpose of the present paper is to report some recent model test results of shallow circular anchor resistance to eccentrically located pullout force in relatively loose sand.
Tetracycline Regulation of Conjugal Transfer Genes

This chapter focuses on tetracycline-responsive regulatory system of the Bacteroides conjugative transposons. If a Bacteroides strain carrying a conjugative transposon is exposed to tetracycline, the frequency with which the conjugative transposon is transferred increases by at least 1,000-fold. The Bacteroides conjugative transposons not only transfer themselves from a donor to a recipient cell but are also capable of mobilizing coresident plasmids and excising and mobilizing unlinked elements called nonreplicating bacteroides units (NBUs). Insertional disruption of rteA or rteB abolishes element self-transfer of the conjugative transposon, mobilization of coresident plasmids, and excision-circularization and mobilization of NBUs. Two obvious candidates for genes that might be controlled by RteC are the mobilization gene(s) of the conjugative transposon, which nick the element's own oriT and initiate transfer, and the genes involved in excision. At first, RteC was assumed to be a transcriptional activator, although there was no evidence that RteC binds DNA nor was any DNA binding motif apparent in the deduced amino acid sequence of RteC. The regulatory machinery of the Bacteroides conjugative transposons is turning out to be much more complex than expected. It is important to bear in mind the fact that transfer of tetQ would not have been detected if tetracycline had not been incorporated in the medium used to grow the donors. Thus, some chromosomally encoded genes that appear to be nontransmissible could actually be carried on a conjugal element, whose transfer functions must be stimulated by some inducer not normally included in the medium.
A parallel IP-address forwarding approach based on partitioned lookup table techniques

As traffic on the Internet has increased exponentially, it is vital that Internet routers handle the received packets faster. When a router receives a packet, it has to make a decision where to send it next. To forward an IP packet, the routers need to lookup the destination address of the received packet in the forwarding table, implement forwarding algorithms, then forward the packet to the appropriate next hop or outgoing port. We discuss a parallel approach that combines an IP packet forwarding technique based on a partitioned lookup table with linear search on prefix lengths, binary search on prefix lengths, and LC (level-compressed) trie. Simulation results show that the proposed partition schemes speeds up the IP address lookup process.
Advertising without Supply Control: Some Implications of a Study of the Advertising of Oranges

Static analysis concerned with the economically optimal expenditure on advertising in the long run. When supplies are uncontrolled, the variables are: the price elasticity of demand, the long-run effects of advertising expenditures on demand, the price elasticity of industry supply, the nature and extent of external economies or diseconomies of scale to the industry, and the rate of return on alternative forms of investment.
Vital Process in Suicide Prevention: Group Psychotherapy as a Community of Concern*

: Surprisingly little has been written about the treatment of suicidal persons. Group psychotherapy would seem to hold great promise in offering caring, concern, and companionship—all important factors in recovery from suicidal impulses. Conceptualizations and models of group treatment can be tailored to fit the varied needs and objectives of suicidal persons. The unique aspects of working with suicidal patients in a group are listed, and detailed descriptions are given of two kinds of groups now operating in the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center. One group is a traditional insight-oriented long-term group; another is a drop-in nongroup. The latter, a relatively new approach to treating chronic suicidal patients, fosters commitment to the Center rather than to the group. The process provides a significant resource for chronic, severely suicidal, borderline ill patients. The question is also considered whether the process of identifying with the Center establishes a suicide identity for the patient. For some patients this seems to be the price that needs to be paid in order that they may survive.
Measurement of tissue calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium by flame spectrophotometry: aspects of methodology and instrumentation.

Abstract 1. 1. Emission and absorption flame spectrophotometry were employed for the measurement of Ca, Mg, Na, and K with two different instrument systems. 2. 2. The addition of cations other than the analyte in the presence and absence of LaCl3 may affect the reading obtained and is compared for the two instrument systems. 3. 3. The presence of common laboratory acids may also affect the results and their interference effects are studied in order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of sample preparation. 4. 4. Recovery studies for the four analytes in solutions subjected to the selected preparatory procedure are reported. 5. 5. Measurements of the four analytes in tissue samples are presented.
Total Cost of Ownership

This chapter will explore the concept of total cost of ownership. Total cost of ownership is defined here as a philosophy for really understanding all relevant supply chain related costs of doing business with a particular supplier for a particular good/service. Total cost of ownership (TCO) considers total cost of acquisition, use/administration, maintenance and disposal of a given item/service. As will be presented later, TCO does not actually require precise calculation of all costs, but looks at major cost issues, and costs that may be relevant to the decision at hand.
Teaching with Technological Tools

Computer-based instructional tools are just the latest in a long line of educational technologies that probably started when someone picked up a piece of cinder and wrote on a cave wall. It is common to become fascinated – or infatuated – with new technologies, but it is important to remember that these technologies are simply tools to support learning. No technology, no matter how sophisticated, will supplant a skilled teacher, effective instructional methods and designs, or – most importantly – the central role of the student in the learning process. This chapter will discuss how tools such as computer-based tutorials, virtual patients, just-in-time learning, presentation software, audience response systems, and videos can be used to effectively enhance learning.
Biochemical markers of the acute coronary syndromes

The acute coronary syndromes represent a continuum of myocardial ischemia ranging from angina, reversible tissue injury --> unstable angina, frequently associated with minor myocardial damage --> myocardial infarction and extensive tissue necrosis. Historically, coronary artery disease assessment has been mainly binary, using WHO criteria of symptoms, electrocardiography, and biochemical markers. The creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) has been a benchmark for markers, but it is not specific for myocardium. Cardiac-specific isoforms of troponin T and I have emerged as sensitive myocardial infarction (MI) indicators and, importantly, for risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients. In addition to markers of myocardial cell necrosis, markers of plaque disruption (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A), "angry" platelets (P-selectin), ischemia (glycogen phosphorylase-BB isoenzyme), and the procoagulant state and thrombosis (soluble fibrin) have potential use. Also, CK-MB and myoglobin have been combined with clinical indicators for monitoring reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy. Biochemical markers will continue to be an important clinical adjunct for MI diagnosis, risk assessment, and reperfusion monitoring in the future.
Wall ablation, gas dynamics, and the history of wall stresses in ICF target chambers

Calculations of the history of wall stresses for spherical aluminum laboratory microfusion facility (LMF)-type inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target chambers 10-cm thick with 1400-MJ pellets are made using a simple computer program called CHAMBER. The program incorporates the physics of first-wall ablation and chamber-gas dynamics, including dissociation, ionization, and gas reverberations. By considering the time dependence of the wall stresses, the author calculates peak stresses that are higher or lower than previous estimates based on the dynamic formula sigma /sub dyn/ approximately=PR/ Delta R, depending on the radius of the chamber. P is the interior pressure, R is the chamber radius, and Delta R is the wall thickness. In particular, the previous estimates are too small for chambers with radii R>4 m or R 0.5 m. CHAMBER also shows that considerably more wall mass can be ablated after the X-ray-vaporized mass fills the chamber if the thermalized vapor radiates more energy to the wall than the wall can conduct away by heat conduction (as in small chambers). Venting of a chamber can reduce the wall stress only to that caused by the ablation impulse, and only for vents with radii comparable to the radius of the chamber. >
Ultraviolet-Induced Decrease in Integration of Haemophilus influenzae Transforming Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Sensitive and Resistant Cells

The decrease in integration of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) caused by ultraviolet irradiation of the DNA was found to be independent of the presence or absence of excision repair in the recipient cell. Much of the ultraviolet-induced inhibition of integration resulted from the presence in the transforming DNA of pyrimidine dimers, as judged by the photoreactivability of the inhibition with yeast photoreactivating enzyme. The inhibition of integration made only a small contribution to the inactivation of transforming ability of the DNA by ultraviolet radiation.
RSEARCH: finding homologs of single structured RNA sequences.

For many RNA molecules, secondary structure rather than primary sequence is the evolutionarily conserved feature. No programs have yet been published that allow searching a sequence database for homologs of a single RNA molecule on the basis of secondary structure.