cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic Matrix Isolation Spectroscopic Studies of the Group IIA Metal—Water Photochemistry

This paper reports the results of an investigation of the electronic structures of the Group IIA metal atom hydration reaction intermediates (M. . . OH2 adducts) and their subsequent photolysis products (HMOH and MOH). For the adduct, the metal—water interaction is sufficiently strong so as to perturb significantly the electronic structure of the metal atom, which results in a unique band structure for the adduct that is red-shifted from the metal atomic resonance transition. Selective photolysis studies are conducted to assist in deconvoluting the complex band structure of the adduct. Molecular orbital theory is invoked to interpret the nature of the ground and excited states of the adduct. Molecular orbital and electronic state-to-state correlation arguments are presented to rationalize the chemical reaction dynamics of the adduct along ground and excited state potential energy surfaces.
Private and Public Selves

Joan Doe works hard at her job. She spends extra hours in the office on weekends, and often works through her lunch hour. If you asked her, she would tell you that she is doing these things in order to establish herself in her career. But in exactly what way is this helping her career? That is, is she motivated by an internal and private desire to get things accomplished? Or is she primarily interested in establishing the image of a hard-working person in the minds of her supervisors?
Surface Analysis of Alloy 22 under Conditions that Promote Stress Corrosion Cracking

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently preparing a license application for the permanent disposal of high-level waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The waste package design for the disposal of high-level waste could consist of an outer container made of Alloy 22, a corrosion resistant Ni-Cr-Mo-W-Fe alloy, surrounding an inner container made of Type 31 6 nuclear grade stainless steel. Alloy 22 is resistant to stress corrosion cracking in chloride solutions; however, under a limited range of conditions, stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 22 has been observed in environments containing chloride and bicarbonate, which may be present in water entering the emplacement drifts. The initiation of stress corrosion cracking may significantly decrease waste package lifetimes. Analyses of the oxide films on Alloy 22 produced under conditions where stress corrosion cracking has and has not been observed are presented in this paper. The composition and thickness of the oxide films were found to be dependent on test conditions. Under conditions where stress corrosion cracking is possible, the chromium concentration in the oxide film was significantly lower compared to oxides produced under benign conditions.
A simulation study of an energy-harvesting mobile sensor network

One of key challenges in deploying large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is system longevity. This paper presents a set of simulation results for a mobile sensor network with energy-harvesting capability. The system model and simulation results were collected using NS-2 network simulator. The simulation results clearly show the advantages of the energy-harvesting mobile sensor network to achieve a long-term system longevity and performance.
Frontal Sinus Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

Identification of a CSF leak etiology; either accidental trauma, surgical trauma, tumors, congenital, or spontaneous; is essential for successful repair.
Opioid and Substance Use Disorder and Receipt of Treatment Among Parents Living With Children in the United States, 2015-2017.

PURPOSE Little is known about the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among parents who are living with children and their receipt of treatment, which could reduce the harmful effects of OUD on families. METHODS We used 2015-2017 cross-sectional national survey data to estimate prevalence and treatment of opioid use disorder and other substance use disorders (SUD) among parents living with children. RESULTS An estimated 623,000 parents with opioid use disorder are living with children, and less than one-third of these parents received treatment for illicit drug or alcohol use at a specialty facility or doctor’s office. Treatment rates were even lower among the more than 4,000,000 parents estimated to have other SUDs. CONCLUSION Many parents in both groups have concurrent mental health issues, including suicidal thoughts and behavior. Primary care practices can play a critical role in screening and facilitating treatment initiation.
Changes in Number and Size of Corpus Allatum Cells of Blattella germanica during Oocyte Maturation

The corpus allatum (CA) of the female German cockroach shows cyclic changes in both size and juvenile hormone III (JH III) biosynthesis during the gonotrophic cycle (Gadot et al., 1989). The increase in CA volume during oocyte maturation has been considered mainly due to increases in both cell number and cell size (Cassier, 1979; Tobe and Stay, 1985). To date, the number of nuclei in the CA has been estimated from sections of fixed thickness in fixed organs (Scharrer and von Harnack, 1958; Szibbo and Tobe, 1981; Tobe et al., 1984). Since nuclear size and shape vary with different developmental stages of the CA during the gonotrophic cycle in Diploptera punctata (Johnson et al., 1985) and other insects (Cassier, 1979), nuclear counts from sections may under- or over-estimate the total number of cells. The size of CA cells is usually presented as the nucleocytoplasmic ratio in fixed glands (Engelmann, 1957). We report on changes in number and size of CA cells of Blattella germanica during oocyte maturation by direct measurements of enzymatically dissociated cells.
Funding sources and effects of limited funding in pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs.

Background The pediatric pulmonology workforce is at risk. Access to pediatric pulmonologists to meet patient needs is limited and recruitment of new trainees to replace the aging, retiring physician population may be inadequate. Furthermore, sources of funding for graduate medical education are insecure. However, no prior studies have identified the funding sources of pediatric pulmonology fellowships or the effects of funding constraints. Methods We conducted a national survey of pediatric pulmonology training directors (PPTD) in the United States between 1 November, 2016 and 9 February, 2017 to examine the sources of funding for pediatric pulmonary fellows and the effect of funding limitations. Results We obtained data from 48 PPTD, representing 89% of pediatric pulmonology programs (N = 54). Limitations in funding restricted program size in 31% of programs. A significant number of programs had no funding to cover educational resources such as advanced degrees (38%), courses (23%), society membership (25%), and journals and books (15%). Twenty seven percent of PPTD perceived their program as financially insecure for academic year 2019 and beyond. Conclusions Insufficient funding has limited the size of pediatric pulmonology programs and access to important educational resources. It is critical to ensure that there is adequate funding for pediatric pulmonology fellowship programs, as insecurity further endangers the pediatric pulmonology workforce and future provision of care for children with respiratory diseases.
Design of Dual-Polarized, Platform-Based HF Antennas Using the Characteristic Mode Theory

We present a systematic method for designing dual-polarized, platform-mounted, high-frequency (HF) antennas for near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) applications. To overcome the bandwidth (BW) and efficiency limitations of electrically small antennas, the characteristic mode (CM) theory is used to exploit the metallic platform as the main radiator. Low-profile coupling elements are mounted on different locations of the platform to excite two orthogonal, horizontally polarized CMs. This way, dual-polarized operation is achieved with a high isolation and sufficiently wide BW. In the design process, several key practical issues are taken into account and their impacts on the performance of the antenna are examined carefully. These include the type and design of the coupling elements, the presence and type of the earth, and the non-idealities and power handling capability in the impedance matching network components. The simulation results of both a full-scale and a 1:50 scaled model of the proposed structure are presented. The scaled-model prototype was fabricated and characterized in the presence of a ground plane emulating the properties of real earth at the scaled frequency of operation. The measurement results show a good agreement with the simulations, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed approach in designing dual-polarized, platform-based HF antennas.
Heart Brake: An Unusual Cardiac Manifestation of COVID-19

A 49-year-old male presented with worsening high-grade fevers, dry cough and shortness of breath, tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and was noted to have bradycardia with intermittent high-degree AV block. However, cardiac biomarkers and echocardiography were normal, making this an unusual and interesting manifestation showing myocardial involvement of this novel coronavirus.
Collision Avoidance Robotics Via Meta-Learning (CARML).

This paper presents an approach to exploring a multi-objective reinforcement learning problem with Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning. The environment we used consists of a 2D vehicle equipped with a LIDAR sensor. The goal of the environment is to reach some pre-determined target location but also effectively avoid any obstacles it may find along its path. We also compare this approach against a baseline TD3 solution that attempts to solve the same problem.
Do morphophonological exchange rules exist? A reply to DiCanio et al. (2020)

DiCanio et al. (2020) (this volume) argue that San Martin Itunyoso Triqui has a morphophonological exchange (also called ‘polarity’), where morphemes are realized by switching feature values: e.g. the bare root [an??] ‘get dirty’ is realized as [an??] in the 1s, while the root [ani?] ‘stop’ is 1s [an??]. In this Reply, I seek to clarify how the descriptive use of ‘exchange’ relates to and differs from its meaning in phonological theories. I also show that the issue of whether exchanges exist is highly theory-dependent. For SPE, Lexical Phonology and Morphology, and single-level parallelist OT with opacity mechanisms, the IT forms do not provide evidence for exchange mechanisms. In contrast, a version of OT that lacks opacity mechanisms probably cannot generate the IT forms without an exchange mechanism. Issues facing the analyst, such as how to prove that exchanges exist, and which apparent exchanges one should expect to observe, are also discussed.
Gradient hydrogels for screening stiffness effects on patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft cellfates in 3D.

Brain cancer is a devastating disease given its extreme invasiveness and intricate location. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common forms of brain cancer, and cancer progression is often correlated with significantly altered tissue stiffness. To elucidate the effect of matrix stiffness on GBM cell fates, previous research is largely limited to 2D studies using immortalized cell lines, which has limited physiological relevance. The objective of the study is to develop gradient hydrogels with brain-mimicking stiffness range as a 3Din vitro GBM model for screening of the effects of matrix stiffness on GBM. To increase the physiological relevance, patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) GBM cells were used. Our gradient platform allows formation of cell-containing hydrogels with stiffness ranging from 40 Pa to 1,300 Pa within a few minutes. By focusing on a brain-mimicking stiffness range, this gradient hydrogel platform is designed for investigating brain cancer. Increasing stiffness led to decreased GBM proliferation and less spreading, which is accompanied by downregulation of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). Using temozolomide (TMZ) as a model drug, we demonstrate that increasing stiffness led to higher drug resistance by PDTX GBM cells in 3D, suggesting matrix stiffness can directly modulate how GBM cells respond to drug treatment. While the current study focuses on stiffness gradient, the setup may also be adapted for screening other cancer niche cues such as how biochemical ligand gradient modulates brain cancer progression and drug responses using reduced materials and time.
Association between Job Demands and Fathers’ Involvement between Single-Income and Dual-Income Families: The Mediating Role of Work to Family Conflict

Based on the theoretical perspectives of role strain theory and the spillover model, we examined the association between job demands and employed fathers’ involvement of single-income and dual-inco...
Making AEON a reality using APIs: experience integrating LCOGT and SOAR

Las Cumbres Observatory (LCOGT) has recently finished integrating the SOAR 4.1-meter telescope into its robotic telescope network. To achieve this, an observation request language was developed suitable for describing observations across a wide range of current and future telescope facilities and observing resources. A complete set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) were developed to allow any arbitrary observatory to utilize LCOGT’s observation management software, including interfaces to i) manage proposals, ii) retrieve and update a schedule of observations, iii) report the progress of ongoing observations, iv) propagate operational telemetry and v) receive science products. We describe our efforts, the experience gained, and the implications of this work on the Astronomical Event Observatory Network (AEON) initiative. We also introduce an alternate option for observation management in the open source Observatory Control System (OCS).
Systematic tissue annotations of –omics samples by modeling unstructured metadata

There are currently >1.3 million human -omics samples that are publicly available. However, this valuable resource remains acutely underused because discovering samples, say from a particular tissue of interest, from this ever-growing data collection is still a significant challenge. The major impediment is that sample attributes such as tissue/cell-type of origin are routinely described using non-standard, varied terminologies written in unstructured natural language. Here, we propose a natural-language-processing-based machine learning approach (NLP-ML) to infer tissue and cell-type annotations for -omics samples based only on their free-text metadata. NLP-ML works by creating numerical representations of sample text descriptions and using these representations as features in a supervised learning classifier that predicts tissue/cell-type terms in a structured ontology. Our approach significantly and substantially outperforms an advanced text annotation method (MetaSRA) that uses graph-based reasoning and a baseline method (TAGGER) that annotates text based on exact string matching. Model similarities between related tissues demonstrate that NLP-ML models capture biologically-meaningful signals in text, as does the ability of these models to classify tissue-associated biological processes and diseases based on their descriptions alone. NLP-ML models are nearly as accurate as models based on gene-expression profiles in predicting sample tissue annotations but have the distinct capability to classify samples irrespective of the -omics experiment type based on their text metadata. Python NLP-ML prediction code and trained tissue models are available at https://github.com/krishnanlab/txt2onto.
Climate Change, Inequality, and Hoarding

Climate change threatens the supply of vital, life-sustaining resources, creating shortages that will last longer and occur more frequently than in the past. Extreme weather and changed precipitation patterns will disrupt water and food supplies for some very large and populous regions throughout the world, and electricity supply for regions dependent upon hydropower. This paper explores the dynamics of how climate-induced shortages could induce hoarding of these resources, exacerbating economic inequality and creating the potential for civil unrest. Hoarding takes place when expectations form that prices will be higher or availability will be lower in the future (or both). This paper sets forth a two-period, two-agent model of hoarding, in which one agent is able to bid up the price of some good that is elastic at high quantities, but inelastic at low quantities. Hoarding is both socially and privately inefficient, but if climate change renders the supply of vital resources uncertain or volatile (or both), then hoarding becomes a rational course of action for those who can afford it. For those that cannot afford it, welfare losses in the inelastic region of demand are likely to be very high.
Kinematic control and coordination of walking machine motion using neural networks

An algorithm using neural networks is proposed to coordinate and control the leg movements of a walking machine. The networks are based on the theory of the Cerebellum Model Arithmetic Computer (CMAC), which is a neuromuscular control system. The authors propose an extended CMAC (E-CMAC) to learn the multivariable, nonlinear relationships of the leg kinematics. The E-CMAC networks are applied to perform feedforward kinematic control of a four-legged walking machine in straight-line walking and step climbing. Training and execution of the networks are fast enough for real-time applications and the memory requirements can be easily met. The proposed approach can also be applied to the control of multiple industrial robots. >
Process-Based Tools

Chapter 3 discussed the concept of the logical equivalent, justifying and defining it by showing a functional decomposition example using data flow diagrams (DFD). In this section, we will expand upon the capabilities of the DFD by explaining its purpose, advantages and disadvantages (described later as the Good, the Bad and the Ugly) and most important: how to draw and use it.
Predicting Asbestos's Fallout

Forecasting Product Liability Claims . Epidemiology and Modeling in the Manville Asbestos Case. By Eric Stallard, Kenneth G. Manton, and Joel E. Cohen . Springer, Berlin, 2005. 424 pp. $84.95, £69, €89.95. ISBN 0-387-94987-9. Statistics for Biology and Health. The authors describe the quantitative forecasting they developed to provide the groundwork for resolving the long Johns-Mansville asbestos litigation.
Learner Centered Curriculum: Design and Implementation

Publisher Description: Most of the scholarship on learner-centeredness is focused on individual classroom pedagogy, but this book takes learner-centeredness beyond the classroom and asks academic leaders to consider the broader implications of making their institutions fully learner-centered. Systemic change is needed, and curriculum is at the heart of what higher education does. To truly effect change, the curriculum needs to be examined and aligned with learnercentered practices. In this book, the authors offer both design specifications for a learner-centered approach to curriculum as well as practical recommendations for implementation and assessment. The book covers the need for redesigning curriculum, curriculum design in the instructional paradigm, learner-centered design in practice, implementation, program assessment (including a helpful rubric for this), innovation through technology, and construction of learning spaces that support learner-centered curricula.
Do teachers, principals, and superintendents perceive leadership the same way?

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used in this study to determine the extent to which teachers, principals, and superintendents perceive the leadership construct in the same way. The researchers found that the two-factor model fits the principal group and particularly the superintendent group better than does the four-factor model. The principals and particularly the superintendents appear to have a more tightly focused mental model of leadership than teachers. The test of structural invariance across the three groups indicated that there was configural and weak invariance, but not strong or strict invariance. It appears that the item-loading patterns and item loadings are invariant, but the intercepts are different, which suggests that the groups put different emphases on the importance of the factors. The study affirms the importance of determining and reporting the extent to which comparison groups share the same mental model for leadership.
Reichel's care of the elderly : clinical aspects of aging

Now in its Fifth Edition, "Reichel's Care of the Elderly" continues to provide comprehensive, clinical approaches to the whole geriatric patient, geared specifically to the family practitioner. New topics covered in this edition include behavioral disturbances in dementia, driving and the older adult, clinical practice guidelines in the elderly, ethnic diversity, spiritual aspects of aging, healthcare organizations, Alzheimer's disease, end-of-life care, and aging in adults.
Patenting Human Evolution

Patent protection for genetic enhancements would tend to spur genetic innovation, but would tend to limit access to those genetic enhancements through discriminatory mechanisms such as price and favoritism. The patent system would likely ensure high rates of genetic enhancement innovation, research, and development, efficiently mediate access to genetic enhancements, but would also likely allow access to genetic enhancements to fewer members of society. Most importantly, the patent system has the potential to promote the kinds of genetic enhancements that might lead to human evolutionary change. Public policy and the law must grapple with the implications of genetic enhancement before current technological possibilities become societal realities. The patent system is an odd candidate to become a substantial arbiter of parental decisions regarding genetic enhancement of their offspring. It is certain that the implications the patent system has for future human genetic enhancement should be subjected to thorough analysis and debate prior to the imminent arrival of human genetic enhancement technologies. Otherwise, patent law may drive human evolution in directions either unplanned - or worse - undesired.
Chapter 17 Biogenic amine transporters of the plasma membrane

Publisher Summary The biogenic amine neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are inactivated, after their release from nerve terminals, by sequestration within the cells from which they were secreted. This process that also occurs with other small neurotransmitters, such as GABA and glutamate is catalyzed by neurotransmitter transporters located in the plasma membrane of nerve terminals. With the exception of ACh, all small neurotransmitters are inactivated by this mechanism, and even in the case of ACh, where hydrolysis by cholinesterase is the main inactivation mechanism; the product of hydrolysis (choline) is taken up by a specific transporter. In the nervous system, the transporters function to regulate neurotransmitter activity by removing extracellular transmitter. Inhibitors that interfere with this regulation include antidepressant drugs and stimulants, such as the amphetamines and cocaine. For each neurotransmitter, a specific transporter mediates its transport into the nerve terminal, and each transporter is apparently found only on cells, which release its cognate transmitter.
BLOCK METHODS FOR SOLVING SPARSE LINEAR SYSTEMS

Abstract Graph-theoretic techniques for analyzing the solution of large sparse systems of linear equations by partitioning and using block methods are developed. Questions concerning stability of block methods are discussed.
Clarifying and Capturing “Trust” in Relation to Science Education: Dimensions of Trustworthiness within Schools and Associations with Equitable Student Achievement

Science education reform may fall short of its potential to reduce educational disparities if the challenges are interpreted using strictly reductionist approaches. Taking a cue from school effectiveness research and reframing our approach using systems thinking, this study examined school-level variables associated with equitable science achievement. In particular, this study explores the concept of trust in relation to science education. Building upon a substantial body of research literature, we offer refined conceptualizations of schoolwide trust along with the findings that trust fluctuates according to the type of interpersonal relationship, that teacher views of the school principal's trustworthiness are considerably more variable than views of fellow teachers’ trustworthiness, and that schoolwide science achievement is associated with perceptions of the school principal's trustworthiness. This study supports the view that trustworthy professional relationships are one of several complementary organizational resources that promote effective and equitable science education. Moreover, our study identified aspects of school trust corresponding to school-level student science outcomes, and these differed from results reported elsewhere for math and reading/language-arts achievement.
Dose rate calculations for a light ion beam fusion Laboratory Microfusion Facility

A preliminary study done on the target chamber design for a light-ion-beam-driven Laboratory Microfusion Facility (LMF) is described. The LMF will explode fusion targets with yields between 10 and 1000 MJ over a period of 30 yr inside a 1.5-m radius chamber. Activation analysis has been performed for the target chamber and the resulting dose rates calculated. The calculations were performed for three different chamber wall materials: the ferritic steel 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo, the Al-6061-T6 alloy, and a low-activation modified Al-5083 alloy. The target chamber is submerged in a borated water pool for neutron shielding. The detailed pulsing schedule has been modeled in the activation calculations. >
Multidivisional Strategy and Investment Returns

This paper studies the influence of multidivisional structure on investment returns using a large database of projects in the U.S. film distribution industry, a setting in which divisionalization exists without horizontal diversification�all divisions of multidivisional distributors release feature films. The findings are consistent with a positive effect of multidivisional strategy on investment returns, even if total investment need not increase. Multidivisional strategies are more consequential for higher profitability when firms share key human talent across their divisions.
Chemistry and adhesion of metal-polymer interfaces

Abstract This paper briefly reviews the present knowledge of the chemistry and adhesion of metal-polymer interfaces formed on PMDA-ODA polyimide. The nature of chemical bonding was deduced from electronic structures observed by photoemission spectroscopies and interpreted by molecular orbital calculations. Bonding at the initial coverages of the metals studied are well described by the formation of metal-polymer complexes as a result of delocalized charge transfer from the metal to the polymer repeat unit. The adhesion energies of several interfaces have been measured using a stretch deformation method. The results of these interface studies show a good overall correlation of chemistry to the microstructure and adhesion characteristics of the metal-polymer interface.
Muscle fatigue: conduction or mechanical failure?

Abstract It is well documented that repeated voluntary activity or electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle results in a decline in force production or power output. However, the precise physiological causes of “muscle fatigue” are not yet well understood. It is conceivable that the mechanism(s) may lie either in the conduction of action potentials in the central and peripheral nervous systems or in the transformation of the electrical event into mechanical force production by the muscle itself. In fact, none of the components of the electrical pathway from generation of impulses in the brain to their conduction over the neuron and the excitable membranes of the muscle can as yet be ruled out as potential contributors to the fatigue process. Relative to that on conduction failure, more information exists concerning the possibility that a defect in the excitation contraction coupling process in skeletal muscle, e.g., intracellular acidosis, inadequate supply of energy for contraction, or a disruption in Ca 2+ homeostasis may also be significant in compromising force production following sustained activity. Despite this, the amount of conflicting data derived from these experiments has hindered the resolution of this question. In the future more attention must be given to such issues as the type of activity used to elicit fatigue and the fiber composition of the muscles studied. This is imperative as these factors clearly impact the nature of correlations between the biochemical and physiological events in muscle that are required to support prospective fatigue mechanisms.
Tabloid Imperialism: American Geopolitical Anxieties and the War on Terror

Over the past decade, influential American intellectuals of statecraft have adopted a style of presentation of global political, social, and economic realities that can be described as tabloid geopolitics. Using a discursive style directly borrowed from popular television talk-shows, news reporting, and punditry, tabloid geopolitics is designed to be highly entertaining, sensational, shocking, and overtly simplistic. Tabloid geopolitics combines commonsensical textual explanations and spectacular maps to produce a sense of fear and inevitable danger that can lead American audiences to accept certain ‘truths’ that geopolitical experts seek to impose. This article traces the path of these discourses of popular geopolitics from ‘tabloid realism’ to ‘tabloid imperialism’. After offering an overview of the tabloid geopolitical genre that takes the reader through the tabloid productions of Robert D. Kaplan, Samuel Huntington, and Thomas Barnett, this essay explores the place of tabloid imperialism today, some 6 years after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Introducing a recent text by media pundit Tony Blankley, this article shows how previous tabloid realist and tabloid imperialist concerns have given way to a mode of panic tabloid imperialism. Mixing prior tabloid realist and imperialist themes and techniques at a time when uncertainties about the protracted military occupation of Iraq is starting to turn the American public away from the war on terror, Blankley's panic tabloid imperialist text is a somewhat desperate yet, like most tabloid geopolitical discourses, typically hateful, violent and, in the end, self-defeating attempt at making sense of the place of the West and the United States in the war on terror.
Graphical knowledge presentation in a MUMPS-based decision-support system

Conventional knowledge-based medical expert systems present information and elicit responses in the form of text. PHOENIX, a decision-support system designed to help non-radiologist physicians select diagnostic imaging procedures, offers a graphical user interface. The system constructs and displays algorithms, or flowcharts, from the rules in its knowledge base. Users can view the flowcharts and move through them by answering questions at branch points. The system provides detailed textual explanations of the rules and descriptions of the imaging procedures. The system is written in MUMPS, a common programming language for biomedical information systems, and is easily incorporated into clinical computer systems.
Clustering velocities in the adiabatic picture of galaxy formation

On presente une analyse du champ des vitesses dans une simulation numerique du regroupement gravitationnel de la matiere sous l'influence de perturbations adiabatiques. Les vitesses particulieres au bord des vides sont de loin inferieures au produit du diametre du vide par la constante de Hubble. Les vitesses de chute dans les concentrations de masse sont de beaucoup inferieures a ce qu'elles sont dans les modeles a symetrie spherique, ce qui peut conduire a une forte sous-estimation de Ω, le parametre de densite cosmologique
Molecular genetics of pseudoxanthoma elasticum: a metabolic disorder at the environment–genome interface?

Abstract Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a relatively rare heritable disorder affecting the skin, eyes and cardiovascular system, with considerable morbidity and mortality. The disease affects the elastic fibers of affected organs, which become progressively calcified. Thus, PXE has been considered as a prototypic heritable connective tissue disorder affecting the elastic fiber system. Recently, PXE has been linked to mutations in the MRP6/ABCC6 gene, a member of the ABC transporter family, expressed primarily in the liver and the kidneys. This information, together with clinical observations suggesting environmental, hormonal and/or dietary modulation of the disease, raises the intriguing possibility that PXE is a primary metabolic disorder at the environment–genome interface.
The Sauve–Kapandji Procedure and the Darrach Procedure for Distal Radio–Ulnar Joint Dysfunction after Colles’ Fracture

This retrospective study evaluated the results of the Darrach procedure and the Sauve-Kapandji procedure for the treatment of distal radio-ulnar joint derangement following malunion of dorsally displaced, unstable, intraarticular fractures of the distal radius in patients under 50 years of age. Twelve of 18 possible patients in the Sauve-Kapandji group completed the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand survey at a mean of 4 years postoperatively and nine of the 18 returned for a follow-up examination at a mean of 2 years. Twenty-one of 30 possible patients in the Darrach group completed the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand survey at a mean of 6 years postoperatively and 13 of these 30 returned for follow-up examination at a mean of 4 years. The Darrach procedure and the Sauve-Kapandji procedure yielded comparable and unpredictable results with respect to both subjective and objective parameters.
Moving from Probabilities to Possibilities: Tasks for Quantitative Criticalists

Most traditional models, frameworks, and findings that apply to the majority of students and faculty do not adequately apply to important subpopulations. The recommendations here will help researchers become more sensitive to the nuances among various educational subgroups, and to pay more attention to outliers.
NMDA Receptor Subunit mRNA and Protein Expression in Ethanol‐Withdrawal Seizure‐Prone and ‐Resistant Mice

Background: Ethanol withdrawal seizure-prone (WSP) and -resistant (WSR) mice have been genetically selected for differences in handling-induced convulsion severity during withdrawal from chronic ethanol administration. Importantly, drug-naive mice from these selected lines also differ in handling-induced convulsion severity. Different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit and splice variant associations confer varying sensitivities to ethanol, and may play a role in the different behavioral responses of the WSP and WSR mice. Methods: In situ hybridization of riboprobes was used to characterize NMDA receptor subunit and splice variant mRNA expression in cortex and hippocampus from WSP and WSR mice. In addition, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of specific NMDA receptor subunits and splice variants in hippocampus and cortex from the selected mouse lines. Results: In situ hybridization of riboprobes indicated that, in brain sections from both WSP and WSR mice, there was a differential regional distribution of mRNA for the mouse NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and NR2C NMDA receptor subunits. However, there were no differences between the selected lines in the hybridization of riboprobes to hippocampal subfields or cortical layers. In addition, hybridization of the probe for a 63-base N1-terminal cassette of ethanol-sensitive NR1 splice variants labeled both cortex and hippocampus. The level of hybridization did not differ across subfields of the hippocampus. Results from Western blot and immunohistochemical experiments also indicated that there were no differences between selected lines in NMDA receptor subunit protein expression. However, there was a correlation between mRNA and protein expression in hippocampus and cortex for each NMDA receptor subunit that was examined. Conclusions: The data suggest that at the level of both mRNA and protein, NMDA receptor subunit and splice variant expression can be uncoupled from convulsion severity in mice that have been selectively bred for symptoms of ethanol withdrawal.
The onset of oscillations in diffusion flames

We present a theoretical study aimed at understanding the basic mechanisms responsible for the onset of oscillations in diffusion flames. A simple one-dimensional configuration is considered with one reactant supplied in a uniform stream and the other diffusing against the stream. The analysis allows for unequal non-unity Lewis numbers as well as for incomplete combustion. It is found that oscillations are possible when the Damkohler number is sufficiently small, namely at near-extinction conditions. They occur when the reactant diffusing against the stream is more completely consumed and the corresponding Lewis number is sufficiently large (typically larger than one). The conditions also require the Lewis number of the reactant supplied in the stream to be within a certain range (typically also larger than one). In accord with experimental results the onset of oscillations is found to be sensitive to stoichiometric conditions (or mixture strength) and to the temperature differential between the supply co...
Oxygen Consumption of Post-Mortem Human Heart Muscle.

SummaryOxygen consumption measurements were made on trabeculae carneae from 7 contractile human hearts, obtained 1.8 to 8.4 hours after death. Mean QO2 was 21.0 ± 2.5, which compares favorably with mean in vivo oxygen utilization values reported for the normal human heart. There was no correlation between magnitude of the oxygen uptake and isometric tension developed by a sister preparation from the same heart, nor with the post-mortem interval.
A clinical trial of oral cholecystography using combinations of contrast agents and two consecutive doses.

Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent a randomized trial of oral cholecystography (OCG) using 5 different combinations of contrast agents given as 2 consecutive doses: Telepaque (iopanoic acid) given with food (TF) or without food (T), Bilopaque (sodium tyropanoate) given without food, and a combination of both agents (TF-B). The density of gallbladder opacification was judged visually on a scale of 1+ to 4+ and quantitatively by a densitometric method. Comparison of gallbladder opacification on the first and second days of the study revealed 52 of 75 (70%) combinations (TF-T, TF-TF,T-T, TF-B, B-B) resulted in improved opacification, 17% in equal opacification, and 13% in worse opacification on day 2. The TF-B combination showed the highest number (9) of excellent (grade 4+) results and the lowest number (2) of poor (grade 1+ and 2+) results, gave the best opacification in 8 volunteers, and had the highest average density difference (0.32) between first- and second-day opacifications. The TF-TF combination...
A new model of developmental constraints as applied to the Drosophila system

Von Baer's laws of development observe that an embryo, in the course of its ontogeny, progresses through a series of forms which diverge increasingly from the embryonic forms of related species, and in an evolutionary interpretation, from those of its phylogenetic ancestors. This observation on the relation of phylogeny to ontogeny is explained by Wimsatt's (1986) "Developmental Lock" model of complex generative systems, which proposes that evolution is constrained to alter developmental programs in a manner that usually modifies or adds new complexity to pre-existent developmental functions at positions relatively "downstream" in the causal structure. If the Developmental Lock model is correct, (1) evolution should have resulted in hierarchically ordered developmental programs, and (2) the most important developmental functions in the hierarchy should be ancient. Wimsatt also suggests that developmental functions be analyzed according to a degree property called "generative entrenchment", which replaces the temporal analysis in the traditional formulation of von Baer's laws. Herein, a substantial body of data on Drosophila ontogeny is analyzed according to generative entrenchment, in order to try the effectiveness of this form of analysis, and also to empirically test these two main predictions of the Developmental Lock model. The novel analytic approach proves to be fruitful, both in generating experimental hypotheses and in ordering existing data. Moreover, data concerning the developmental functions discussed here indicate that the order of the Drosophila developmental program conforms to the predictions of Wimsatt's model with few deviations. Explanations of the anomalies are offered, along with proposals for experiments to test some of those explanations.
American political rhetoric and the jeremiad tradition: Presidential nomination acceptance addresses, 1960–1976

The nomination acceptance addresses of recent presidential candidates constitute a significant aspect of an American political ritual. These addresses might be termed a “modern jeremiad”; because they conform to the jeremiad tradition in American rhetoric. Like the Puritan jeremiad which was central to a religious ritual, the modern jeremiad continues to function rhetorically as a means for interpreting the meaning of America's past and unifying the audience around a shared vision of America's future.
DIPRORA HAENAENSIS GEN. ET SP. NOV., A FILAMENTOUS, PSEUDOAERIAL, ARAPHID DIATOM FROM KAUA'I (HAWAIIAN ISLANDS)

Diprora haenaensis gen. et sp. nov. Main, an araphid filamentous diatom, is described from a cryptic, pseudoaerial habitat in Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. The valve ends of this new diatom have pervalvar extensions of the mantle edges, termed here prows. The frustules are heavily silicified and usually heterovalvar (one valve surface convex and the other concave). Convex and concave valves have different orientations of the row of marginal pores. The prows of the valves overlap in intact frustules. Each epicingulum consists of the two prows and two lateral band segments, one on each side of the frustule between the prows. The hypocingulum has a similar shape and orientation, but is hidden inside the epicingulum and hypovalve margin. In other words, a valvocopula consists of two bands, one on each side of the frustule separated by the two prows of the valve. The fimbriae of the pars interior of the valvocopula are flap-like. The frequency of post-auxospore stages, valve size distribution, and possible occurre...
Assessment of Patient Experience With Unilateral Vocal Fold Immobility: A Preliminary Study

Summary Objective Systematically moving toward patient-centered care for unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) requires comprehensive understanding of the variability of actual patient experiences. This rigorous qualitative study assesses UVFI-related disability and proposes a preliminary taxonomy of UVFI patient experience. Study Design (1) Semistructured interviews and (2) taxonomy development. Methods Consecutive UVFI patients presenting July to September, 2012, prospectively underwent open-ended interviews investigating how UVFI affected their quality of life (QOL) and had caused disability. Comments reported by >20% were synthesized into axes based on content similarity. Variables were arranged into a preliminary taxonomy of UVFI patient experience, which was evaluated for four attributes of face validity. Results The majority of 39 patients had "extensive" baseline voice use (56%) and an iatrogenic etiology (62%). Taxonomy of patient experience included three main axes of symptomatic classification: (1) voice, (2) swallowing, and (3) breathing—all with intrinsic (physical and emotional) and extrinsic (social) subaxes that describe major impacts on QOL. Voice complaints were 100% penetrant, whereas breathing and swallowing symptoms afflicted 76% and 66%, respectively, of interviewees. Of affected patients, solid and liquid dysphagia was experienced by 70% and 63%, respectively. Of dyspneic patients, shortness of breath existed with talking (97%) and exercise (72%). Persistent throat congestion (76%), weakened cough (62%), globus (62%), and dysfunctional valsalva (41%) were frequent. Conclusions Patient experience with UVFI has been incompletely characterized. This qualitative assessment and preliminary taxonomy highlight several related patient experiences not well documented in the literature or incorporated into currently available metrics.
Stress and the Kidney

The prevalence of CKD has increased considerably over the past 2 decades. The rising rates of CKD have been attributed to known comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; however, recent research has begun to explore the degree to which social, economic, and psychological factors have implications for the prevalence and progression of CKD, especially among high-risk populations such as African Americans. It has been suggested that stress can have implications for CKD, but this area of research has been largely unexplored. One contributing factor associated with the paucity of research on CKD is that many of the social, psychological, and environmental stressors cannot be recreated or simulated in a laboratory setting. Social science has established that stress can have implications for health, and we believe that stress is an important determinant of the development and progression of CKD. We draw heavily from the social scientific and social epidemiologic literature to present an intersectional conceptual frame specifying how stress can have implications for kidney disease, its progression, and its complications through multiple stressors and pathways.
Hitler the Anti-Nihilist? Statehood, Leadership, and Political Space in Heidegger’s Seminar of 1933-34

This essay considers Heidegger’s 1933–34 seminar ‘On the Essence and Concept of Nature, History, and State’ as an attempt to develop an anti-nihilist political philosophy based on human finitude and qualitative difference. I examine Heidegger’s views on the relation between people and state, the role of a leader, and the nature of political space. Heidegger distinguishes human existence from the natural world and argues that a people can attain its full, distinctively human Being only through its state, which is to be ruled absolutely by the soaring will of a born leader. He also offers an account of political space that distinguishes between the local homeland and the ‘interaction’ that connects it to a broader territory. I relate these ideas to some other texts by Heidegger and sketch an Arendtian critique of them.
Efficiency of electropolymerization of pyrrole onto carbon fibers

Abstract The efficiency of the electropolymerization of pyrrole onto carbon fibers has been studied. The dependence of the amount of polypyrrole coatings formed on the pH of the cell solution, the charge passed during electropolymerization and the reaction time has been determined. The amount of polypyrrole coatings formed increased with decreased pH of the cell solution and attained a maximum value at a pH t t > 300 s. The efficiency of electropolymerization was determined from the ratio of the experimental and theoretical hydrogen ion concentration. The efficiency of aqueous electropolymerization of pyrrole onto carbon fibers was determined to vary between 37 and 43%.