cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in human keratinocytes is highly variable in keratinocyte strains from different donors

Induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in the epidermis is felt to be an important initiator of leukocyte/keratinocyte interactions in many inflammatory skin diseases. The purpose of this project was to determine the individual variability of cytokine-induced ICAM-1 expression in human keratinocytes obtained from different donors. In 55 different keratinocyte strains, there was significant individual variability in ICAM-1 expression by either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or interferon-gamma. There was no correlation (r = 0.266, p = 0.06) in response of the same strain to either TNF-alpha or interferon-gamma. Multiple (n = 22) keratinocyte strains showed no significant induction of ICAM-1 expression to IL-1. The level of ICAM-1 expression in response to TNF-alpha and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in individual strains was highly correlated in three different comparisons: level of stimulated response versus baseline (TNF-alpha and UVR both p < 0.0001); stimulation index TNF-alpha versus UVR (p = 0.00947); and variability of stimulated response versus variability of baseline (TNF p < 0.001; UVR p = 0.002). UVR-induced release of TNF from keratinocytes also showed variability among different keratinocyte strains. The UVR-induced ICAM-1 response in human keratinocytes and transformed epithelial cell was variably blocked with anti-TNF antibodies. The release of TNF from keratinocytes by UVR and the individually variable but linked characteristics of UVR and TNF-alpha stimulated ICAM-1 expression support the hypothesis that TNF-alpha is a major mediator of UVR-induced ICAM-1 expression.
Energy budget of the Eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus): artificial radiation.

Abstract 1. 1. When exposed to artificial radiation intensities equal to 0·4, 0·8 and 1·2 cal cm-2 min-1, the lower critical temperatures of Tamias striatus were shifted downward approximately 3·5, 5·4 and 8·2°C, respectively. 2. 2. Metabolic rate of T. striatus below 20°C can be described by the equation: cm3 O2 (g. hr)−1 = 4·23 − 0·64R − 0·10Ta where R is the intensity of artificial radiation (cal cm-2 min-1). 3. 3. Within thermal neutrality, artificial radiation decreases metabolic rate and, concomitantly, body temperature increases. 4. 4. Artificial radiation decreases metabolic rate below the lower critical temperature apparently by decreasing the temperature gradient between body surface and pelt surface, resulting in a slower rate of heat loss.
The Use of Antiviral Drugs During the Neonatal Period

Parenteral therapy of viral infections of the newborn and infant began with vidarabine (adenine arabinoside) for the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in the early 1980s. Acyclovir has become the treatment of choice for neonatal HSV infections and a variety of other herpesvirus infections. Ganciclovir is beneficial for the treatment of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections involving the central nervous system (CNS). This article reviews the use of acyclovir and ganciclovir in the treatment of neonatal HSV and congenital CMV infections. A brief summary precedes a detailed discussion of available established and alternative therapeutics.
PCBP2 siRNA Reverses the Alcohol-induced Pro-fibrogenic Effects in Hepatic Stellate Cells

Purpose Type I collagen accumulates during liver fibrosis primarily because α-complex protein-2 (αCP2), encoded by the poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) gene, binds to the 3′ end of the collagen mRNA and increases its half-life. This study aimed to reverse the pro-fibrogenic effect of alcohol on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by silencing the PCBP2 gene with siRNA.
TPD, TPR and DRIFTS studies of adsorption and reduction of NO on La2O3 dispersed on Al2O3

Abstract The surface properties of La 2 O 3 supported on γ-Al 2 O 3 , as characterized by DRIFTS or temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), showed features more and more similar to unsupported La 2 O 3 as the La 2 O 3 loading increased. Optimum rates (mole/s g) were obtained when the bulk-like La 2 O 3 surface area was maximized, and the 40% La 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalyst had a rate high enough to possibly allow its use in combined-cycle power plants. TPD with La 2 O 3 /γ-Al 2 O 3 and pure γ-Al 2 O 3 after exposure to NO at 300 K gave three NO desorption peaks and the only O 2 desorbed coincided with the high-temperature NO peak near 800 K. TPD after 15 N 16 O adsorption on 18 O -exchanged La 2 O 3 /γ-Al 2 O 3 and γ-Al 2 O 3 surfaces showed that a very small amount of 15 N 18 O desorbed from the middle-temperature sites near 700 K, while 15 N 18 O and 16 O 18 O desorbed from the high-temperature sites. Adsorption of NO on supported La 2 O 3 resulted in the formation of nitrosyl, nitrite and nitrate species, and their thermal stabilities increased in the following order: NO δ + (on Al 2 O 3 )≈bridged nitrate (on La 2 O 3 ) 2 O 3 )≈NO − (on La 2 O 3 ) 2 O 3 )≈unidentate nitrate (on La 2 O 3 ). The distribution of the adsorbed species between La 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 surfaces depends on the La 2 O 3 loading. temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) experiments in which adsorbed NO reacted with either CH 4 or CH 4 +O 2 showed that the nitrate species which are stable at high temperatures are unlikely to be active intermediates in the catalytic reduction of NO with CH 4 . It is proposed that either O atoms or NO 2 species adsorbed on oxygen vacancies are responsible for the activation of CH 4 .
Pharmacodynamics of fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against Candida albicans<

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic activity of fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B against Candida albicans . Susceptibilities were determined according to the NCCLS guidelines (M27). Time-kill studies were performed using antifungal concentrations of 0.25–32 × MIC. Samples were withdrawn at predetermined timepoints, then plated using a spiral plater. Colony counts were determined after incubation at 35°C for 24 h. The AUKC 0–48 was plotted against the concentration/MIC ratio. Candida isolates (95-2672, 96-15, and 95-2542) were classified as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, and resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole (MIC = 0.25 and 0.03 μg/mL, 32 and 0.5 μg/mL, 64 and 1 μg/mL; respectively). All three isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC = 0.13 μg/mL). Fluconazole inhibited the growth of the susceptible and S-DD isolates and was ineffective at all concentrations against the resistant isolate. Itraconazole, on the other hand, inhibited growth of the susceptible isolate, but was ineffective for the S-DD and resistant isolates. Maximal effectiveness was noted at the concentration 8 × MIC and 2 × MIC for fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. Amphotericin B demonstrated concentration-dependent antifungal activity. The times necessary for the colony counts to fall below the limit of quantification were inversely related to increasing concentrations of amphotericin B. The maximal effect for amphotericin B was recorded at 2 × MIC. In summary, the triazoles inhibit growth of susceptible C. albicans; however, careful consideration should be given to the MIC for S-DD isolates because itraconazole may not be active if the MIC is reported in the higher susceptible-dose dependency range. In reference to amphotericin B, optimal activity may be achieved by maximizing the peak drug concentration/MIC ratio.
A method for evaluating child-parent inter-action under controlled conditions

(1960). A Method for Evaluating Child-Parent Interaction under Controlled Conditions. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 3-22.
GCN4 Binds with High Affinity to DNA Sequences Containing a Single Consensus Half-Site†

bZip proteins contain a bipartite DNA-binding motif consisting of a "leucine zipper" dimerization domain and a highly charged "basic region" that directly contacts DNA. These transcription factors form dimeric complexes with each monomer recognizing half of a symmetric or nearly symmetric DNA site. We have found that the bZip protein GCN4 can also bind with high affinity to DNA sites containing only a single GCN4 consensus half-site. Because several recent lines of evidence have suggested a role for monomeric DNA binding by bZip proteins, we investigated the structure of the GCN4.half-site complex. Quantitative DNA binding and affinity cleaving studies support a model in which GCN4 binds as a dimer, with one monomer making specific contacts to the consensus half-site and the other monomer forming nonspecific contacts that are nonetheless important for binding affinity. We also examined the folding transition induced in the basic regions of this complex upon binding DNA. Circular dichroism (CD) studies demonstrate that the basic regions of both monomers are helical, suggesting that a protein folding transition may be required for both specific and nonspecific DNA binding by GCN4.
Design and characterization of a planar magnetron radiofrequency glow discharge source for atomic emission spectrometry

A planar magnetron radio-frequency-powered glow discharge source has been constructed and characterized. Electrical behavior, sputtering rates, and emission properties of the source have been studied with both conducting and insulating samples over a pressure range of 0.05 to 0.6 Torr, and over a forward-power range between 30 and 120 W. The bias voltage showed little or no dependence on power or on pressure between 0.2 and 0.6 Torr. However, at lower pressures there was a sharp increase in the voltage as pressure was dropped, signaling a change in the operational mode of the discharge. The magnetron source proved to have much higher sputtering rates for both conducting and insulating samples than a similar source without a magnet; the highest sputtering rates were found at 0.05 Torr. The dependence of emission on pressure was similar to that of previously described d.c. magnetron sources. Detection limits ranged from 1 to 50 ppm for elements in a conducting matrix.
Cervical cancer screening among Latinas recently immigrated to the United States

Abstract Background . Little is known about the cancer screening practices of women whose behavior may place them at a high risk for cervical cancer. We explored factors that influence repeated Pap smear screening among recently immigrated Latinas working in bars also called cantinas . Methods . Face-to-face interview were administered to 360 women working in 60 cantinas. Participants provided information about their cancer screening practices including the number of Pap smears completed in the 5 years before the interview. A theory-based model proposing that demographic characteristics, cancer screening barriers and facilitators, and psychosocial factors influence repeated Pap smear screening was tested with a hierarchical linear regression. Results . Facilitators of cancer screening (recent visit to a physician and receiving a Pap smear in a clinic) and psychosocial variables (Pap smear beliefs, cancer screening intentions and lack of encouragement) were significantly associated with the total number reported Pap smears (adjusted R 2 = 0.31, P Conclusions . While risk behaviors did not act as barriers, access to health care measures facilitated repeated Pap smear screening. Psychosocial factors hypothesized to function as antecedents of Pap smear screening appear instead to follow from repeated experience with the examination.
Evaluation of Link Criticality for Day-to-Day Degradable Transportation Networks

The evaluation of link criticality is an important step for public officials to apply when planning hazard mitigation. However, this type of analysis presents numerous challenges for capturing the impact of highly stochastic hazard events accurately. An analytical framework and an efficient solution procedure for the evaluation of link criticality are proposed: those tools consider the impact of day-to-day degradable conditions in transportation networks. Link capacity was examined as a multistatus variable, and a sampling technique was used to generate realizations of capacity value for transportation networks. With different capacity realizations, traffic demand was repeatedly assigned on the regional planning model network. The assignment results were measured with multiple criteria and analyzed with several statistical indices. A case study based on a section of the New Jersey roadway network verified the proposed approach.
Stimulation of ciliary activity by low levels of extracellular adenine nucleotides in the amphibian oviduct.

Abstract The beating frequency of cilia in the oviduct of Necturus maculosus increased markedly with the addition of ATP (10−6 to 10−3 M) to the Ringer solution. Activation of the cilia also occurred with external application of ADP, AMP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) (10−5 or 10−3 M). The activation of cilia by 1 mM ATP was partially blocked by 1 mM NaCN or 0.5 mM 2.4—DNP, and completely blocked by 1 mM IAA, after the pretreatment of the preparation with the respective inhibitor for 30 min. Because extracellular adenine nucleotides are effective in concentrations far below their intracellular concentrations (and concentrations required for direct activation of extracted models), and because the action of extracellular ATP is blocked by metabolic inhibitors, it is concluded that adenine nucleotides applied externally do not contribute energy directly for ciliary activity. A possible mechanism for an indirect action of extracellular nucleotides on ciliary activity is discussed.
Effectiveness of real‐time query expansion in a library catalog

Query expansion (QE) is a potentially effective technique to help searchers formulate or improve their search. In January 2010, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) Library made an effort to improve user interactions with authority data in its online catalog. It introduced a real- time query expansion feature for the catalog interface that would provide real-time suggestions based on what the user had typed in the search box. QE is not a new technique, and has been widely used in web search interfaces. It has rarely been adopted by library catalogs though. From the libraries perspective, populating the query expansion feature with authority data provides a balance between traditional library use of authority records and the expectations users have from their use of Web search engines. By analyzing the search logs from the library server, we investigate the impact of this feature on users' search behavior. Two sampling periods of logs were chosen: April 2009 (before the feature's launch) and April 2010 (after the feature's launch). Totally, we have analyzed approximately 200M log data with approximately 800,000 useful log records. Results showed that users take the suggestions 20.26% of all searches. There was a significant increase in the rate of subject searches. The library catalog interface supporting dynamic query expansion also leads to longer queries, less query iterations per search, and fewer result items viewed per search. In addition, search failure rate has seen a great drop. However, results also imply some issues may exist with the use of query expansion, necessitating proper handling of the search expansion interface. Our findings have implications for how query expansions should be offered to library catalogs to increase the use of library's collection.
Scholarly achievement and accounting journal editorial board membership

Abstract The importance of editorial boards to the peer review process makes it imperative that board members be selected on the basis of proven records of scholarly achievement as demonstrated by publications in peer-reviewed journals and subsequent citations to those publications. Although research in accounting has looked at the composition of editorial boards, the scholarly achievement of editorial board members has not been examined. The purpose of our study is to empirically investigate the scholarly achievement of editorial board members of selected accounting journals. We find that the top accounting journals may not be using the same criteria in selecting editorial board members. Further, the level of achievement of the editorial board members and their articles’ impact factors were often inconsistent with the perceived ranking of the journals in which they served. A discussion and implications of our results are also provided.
Synthesis of oligosaccharides as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial arabinosyltransferases. Di- and trisaccharides containing C-5 modified arabinofuranosyl residues

Abstract The synthesis of a panel of oligosaccharides containing C-5 arabinofuranosyl residues ( 9–20 ) is described. These compounds are of interest as potential inhibitors of the α-(1 → 5)-arabinosyltransferase involved in the assembly of mycobacterial cell-wall arabinan. In the series of compounds prepared, the 5-OH group on the nonreducing residue(s) is replaced, independently, with an amino, azido, fluoro, or methoxy functionality. The synthesis of the target compounds involved the preparation of a series of C-5 modified arabinofuranosyl thioglycosides ( 24–26 ) and their subsequent coupling to the appropriate acceptor species ( 21–23 ). Deprotection of the glycosylation products afforded the azido, fluoro, or methoxy analogs directly. The amino derivatives were obtained in one additional step by reduction of the azido compounds.
Thin‐Layer Chromatographic Separation of Beet Pigments

A new simple method for the thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) separation of betalaines has been developed and is described in this paper, The individual components were separated by preparative TLC on cellulose-coated plates and analyzed by a multiple development TLC technique with solvent mixtures consisting of ethanol, isoppropanol, water, and acetic acid. Separated components of various hues were clearly visible after development without application of an indicator. Spectral analyses of fractions also were conducted. By this TLC procedure, analytical data were obtained more rapidly and conveniently than could be obtained by other methods such as electrophoresis.
Clonidine monotherapy of a patient with mixed bipolar disorder and mania: Changes in symptomatology and neurochemical variables

Abstract 1. 1. The authors report the effect of clonidine on one patient with mixed bipolar disorder resistant to treatment with neuroleptics and antidepressants. The patient improved with a daily dose of 0.45 mg. 2. 2. A manic relapse of the patient, still on clonidine, was successfully treated by increasing the clonidine dose to 0.6 mg per day. 3. 3. During the treatment the main metabolites of norepinephrine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), of dopamine homovanillic acid (HVA) and of serotonin 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were assessed in urine samples. Plasma GH and PRL levels were aslo estimated. 4. 4. After initiation of clonidine regimen MHPG and HVA excretion declined whereas 5-HIAA remained unaltered. The levels of all three metabolites showed a marked increase at the onset of a manic relapse and were reduced after the increase of clonidine dose and the amelioration of manic symptoms. 5. 5. Plasma GH and PRL levels did not exhibit any considerable changes.
Structural transition and charge density waves in thin films

A special type of low-temperature structural transition occurs in thin, size-quantized films with a strong anisotropy of the Fermi curve (e.g., in Bi films). The lattice appears to be unstable for such films. The structural transition is accompanied by the appearance of charge density waves and is characterized by peculiar temperature and thickness dependences of the electron concentration. Experimental data can be explained by the present theory. The possibility of new experimental investigations is discussed.
Evaluation of six anti-gliadin antibody assays

Two in-house methods developed in gastroenterological laboratories for the detection and quantitation of IgG and IgA antibodies to gliadin (AGA) were compared with three commercially available ELISAs (gluten IgG/IgA EIA, Kabi Pharmacia, Sweden; alpha-Gliatest, Eurospital, Italy; AGA Orkit, Labodia, Switzerland) and one qualitative rapid assay (Gliastick, Eurospital, Italy). 67 acute, biopsy confirmed coeliac disease cases were compared with 54 biopsy confirmed disease controls. The result of anti-endomysium antibody (AEA) testing was available from all cases. The testing of 121 sera in different test systems permitted comparison of the range of concentration and sensitivity of the quantitative IgG and IgA anti-gliadin tests. Each test uses its own arbitrary calibration. To permit direct comparison of the different test ranges the values of the different positive reference sera were converted into Pharmacia arbitrary units (AU). The AGA and IgG tests ranged from 0 to a maximum of 157-430 AU and the maximum IgA test results from 81 to 855 AU. This illustrates the need for an internationally accepted standard. All three EIA kits met the performance claims of the manufacturers and were easy to use. Most results agreed with the clinical diagnosis when the sera were positive for anti-endomysium antibodies. However, AEA negative specimens showed a considerable incidence of positive AGA in non-coeliacs. The study emphasises the need to test for both AGA and AEA in order to reliably diagnose coeliac disease. The qualitative test showed a high degree of false positive results and could be used to monitor the dietary compliance of coeliac patients.
Spectrin oligomers: a structural feature of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.

Spectrin reversibly self-associates to high molecular weight oligomers through a concentration-driven process characterized by association constants of about 105 mol−1. This association is prominent under physiological conditions of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. It is disrupted by urea, but not Triton X-100. The process of spectrin association appears mathematically to resemble that for tropomyosin, although the mechanism is probably different. Spectrin association is weak compared to other prominent protein–protein associations in the red cell membrane skeleton. The linkage of these weak and strong associations suggests a process whereby the membrane skelton spontaneously assembles. Such affinity-modulated assembly involving weak associations is likely to be the focus of numerous membrane control mechanisms.
Studies of Accretion onto Hot, Massive White Dwarfs: The Growth to the Chandrasekhar Limit?

We report on studies of accretion of material of solar composition at a variety of rates onto hot, massive white dwarfs (WDs). Evolutionary sequences for 1.25 M ⊙ and 1.35 M ⊙ WDs with mass accretion rates varying from 1.6 × 10 −10 M ⊙ yr −1 to 3.5 × 10 −7 M ⊙ yr −1 have now been studied and, in all these cases, tlie WDs grow in mass to near the Chandrasekhar Limit. The surface conditions of our simulations are similar to observations of Super Soft X-ray binary sources. Our results provide the first confirmation of previous suggestions that some of the Super Soft X-ray binaries may be the progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae. We observe that the abundances in the accreted layers (including carbon and oxygen) are sensitive to the accretion rate, potentially affecting the dynamics of the supernova explosion and observations of elemental distributions.
The necrogeography of pet memorial spaces: pets as liminal family members in contemporary japan

ABSTRACTThis article investigates how pets are included or excluded in the human necral landscapes of contemporary Japan. Their placement in mortuary spaces reflects the pets' paradoxical position as hybrids between humans and other nonhuman animals. Since the beginning of the pet boom in the 1990s, a growing number of Japanese pet owners consider their beloved pets family members during their lifetime and feel that they should hence be treated in death like a human. Paralleling changes in human mortuary practices in the modern period, many changes have occurred in mortuary practices involving pets: pets are buried and memorialized with Buddhist rituals, cremation has become the preferred method of disposal for pet bodies, funeral options have become more individualized, pet cemeteries are ubiquitous in the urban landscape, and joint human—pet burials are gaining currency. The inquiry focuses on two examples: the memorialization of pets in the home and the interment of pet cremains in cemeteries. Despite ...
Organizational Transparency A New Perspective on Managing Trust in Organization-Stakeholder Relationships

Transparency is often cited as essential to the trust stakeholders place in organizations. However, a clear understanding of the meaning and significance of transparency has yet to emerge in the stakeholder literature. We synthesize prior research to advance a conceptual definition of transparency and articulate its dimensions, and posit how transparency contributes to trust in organization-stakeholder relationships. We draw from this analysis to explicate the mechanisms organizations can employ that influence transparency perceptions.
Staircase magnetization anomalies in superconducting Pb/Au bilayer films patterned with antidot lattices

Abstract Superconducting Pb( x )/Au(25 nm) bilayers ( x = 50, 100 nm) patterned with antidot lattices exhibit various matching field anomalies depending on experimental conditions. Magnetization peaks at applied fields H = n [20 Oe] ( n = integer) resemble superconducting wire network data; cusps are also observed, consistent with predictions of “giant” vortices in low-kappa films. Sharp “staircase” anomalies spaced by 1–3 Oe are observed in AC magnetization, possibly a result of depinning of intermediate state domains, or macroscopic quantum tunneling between reproducible states of different quantized flux.
Exponential decline of aftershocks of the M7.9 1868 great Kau earthquake, Hawaii, through the 20th century

[1] The remarkable catalog of Hawaiian earthquakes going back to the 1820s is based on missionary diaries, newspaper accounts, and instrumental records and spans the great M7.9 Kau earthquake of April 1868 and its aftershock sequence. The earthquake record since 1868 defines a smooth curve complete to M5.2 of the declining rate into the 21st century, after five short volcanic swarms are removed. A single aftershock curve fits the earthquake record, even with numerous M6 and 7 main shocks and eruptions. The timing of some moderate earthquakes may be controlled by magmatic stresses, but their overall long-term rate reflects one of aftershocks of the Kau earthquake. The 1868 earthquake is, therefore, the largest and most controlling stress event in the 19th and 20th centuries. We fit both the modified Omori (power law) and stretched exponential (SE) functions to the earthquakes. We found that the modified Omori law is a good fit to the M ≥ 5.2 earthquake rate for the first 10 years or so and the more rapidly declining SE function fits better thereafter, as supported by three statistical tests. The switch to exponential decay suggests that a possible change in aftershock physics may occur from rate and state fault friction, with no change in the stress rate, to viscoelastic stress relaxation. The 61-year exponential decay constant is at the upper end of the range of geodetic relaxation times seen after other global earthquakes. Modeling deformation in Hawaii is beyond the scope of this paper, but a simple interpretation of the decay suggests an effective viscosity of 1019 to 1020 Pa s pertains in the volcanic spreading of Hawaii's flanks. The rapid decline in earthquake rate poses questions for seismic hazard estimates in an area that is cited as one of the most hazardous in the United States.
Equivalent-Circuit Interpretation of the Polarization Insensitive Performance of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Polarization insensitive metamaterial perfect absorbers were investigated through finite element numerical method and a new equivalent-circuit electric model was proposed to interpret this polarization insensitivity. The devices were fabricated to validate the model and experimental measurements were shown to be in good agreement with the simulated results. This absorber device is suitable for future use in THz sensing and detection applications.
The dimensions of perceived accessibility to information: Implications for the delivery if information systems and services

Perceived accessibility to information is proposed as a unifying concept for the design and evaluation of a wide variety of information systems and services. This field study measured end-user perceptions of three sources of information (computer-based, libraries, and individuals) for three samples of individuals. The results suggest that 1) accessibility is a multidimensional concept encompassing physical access to the source, the interface to the source, and the ability to physically retrieve potentially relevant information, and 2) perceptions of accessibility are moderated by prior experience with the source and contextual factors.
EMI: Theory, coupling mechanisms, equivalent circuits, and solutions

The paper presents an outline of the following:EMI definitions, fundamentals, issues, concerns; path of lowest impedance; common impedance, H-field, E-field, radiation; theory of noise coupling; videotaped EMI demonstrations; equivalent circuits and EMI abatement methods; and circuit board and system layout principles.
UNIFYING TWO CRITERIA OF BORN : ELASTIC INSTABILITY AND MELTING OF HOMOGENEOUS CRYSTALS

Abstract The criteria formulated by M. Born for the onset of melting (1939) and lattice stability (1940) are re-examined on the basis of more general considerations of elastic instabilities. With the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, we show that (1) Born's stability criteria are valid only in the case of zero external stress, and (2) his thermoelastic melting criterion, with some modification, is valid for the homogeneous process (mechanical melting or upper limit of superheating) which can occur when the free-energy-based heterogeneous process (melting by nucleation and growth) is kinetically suppressed. These and other related recent results on crack nucleation, pressure-induced polymorphic transition and amorphization emphasize the fundamental role of elastic instabilities in triggering unstable structural responses of homogeneous crystals.
Body Morph Assessment: preliminary report on the development of a computerized measure of body image.

STEWART, TIFFANY M., DONALD A. WILLIAMSON, MONIQUE A. M. SMEETS, AND FRANK L. GREENWAY. Body morph assessment: preliminary report on the development of a computerized measure of body image. Objective: To develop a prototype of the Body Morph Assessment (BMA), and to test the reliability and validity of this new measure of body image. The BMA is a realistic and relatively simple procedure that uses computer morphing for the assessment of body image. For the purposes of this preliminary study, a prototype of the BMA was developed for usage with white women ranging from very thin to obese. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 72 subjects participated in tests of reliability, content, and convergent validity of the BMA. Results: The reliability and validity of the BMA was supported by the results of this study. In a test of convergent validity, the measures of current, ideal, and reasonable body size were positively correlated with their equivalents from a similar body image assessment procedure. In addition, reliability coefficients were found to be satisfactory for all variables. Participants found the human figural stimuli to be realistic. Discussion: These preliminary findings support the reliability and validity of the BMA with white women. Given these positive findings, we plan to extend the procedure to males and to other racial and ethnic groups.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the Community College Baccalaureate

Community colleges across the United States continue to grow beyond their two-year degree missions in order to respond to the workforce demands of their communities. The awarding of baccalaureates ...
Open-angle glaucoma -- an epidemiologic overview.

Purpose: To provide a summary overview of current epidemiologic data on open-angle glaucoma. Methods: Literature review. Results: The review summarizes information on the following topics: Definition of open-angle glaucoma; Prevalence data from studies conducted in various populations; Incidence data available from population studies; Risk factors, categorized as demographic, familial, systemic, and ocular; and, Progression factors. It concludes by outlining the epidemiologic contributions to glaucoma and suggesting research needs. Conclusions: Epidemiologic studies have contributed greatly to our knowledge of open-angle glaucoma. Still, many gaps remain, and the multifactorial etiology of glaucoma needs further clarification. Future research would benefit by standardizing the approach to define the disease, thus allowing better comparability across studies. A major priority is to achieve a better understanding of risk factors, which are likely to involve gene-environment interactions.
Some concepts and techniques for constructing and using a geographically-oriented urban data base

Abstract This paper describes two projects, established to develop and demonstrate improved computer-based techniques for creating and maintaining a geographically oriented urban data base, and retrieving, analyzing and graphically displaying meaningful information. Functional files of real property and socio-economic data, maintained separately by a variety of governmental departments were integrated, and adapted for use with city maps by coordinate indexing techniques. Methods have been developed to facilitate specifying geographic areas of interest and information desired, and retrieving the relevant records.
Epidemiologic trends in penile anomalies and hypospadias in the state of California, 1985-2006.

Purpose Using statewide data, we evaluated whether the changing incidence of penile anomalies and hypospadias is reflected in the diverse California population of newborn males over the past 20 years. Methods Discharge data from all California hospitals, prepared by the OSHPD (Sacramento, CA) was reviewed for the years 1985–2006 for male infant births with an ICD-9 code (752.6) for hypospadias, epispadias or other penile anomalies. Trends were examined by Generalized Estimation Equations for Poisson regression. Results From 1985 to 2006, the birth incidence of newborn penile anomalies increased in California from 47 to 57 cases per 10,000 newborn discharges, yet the trend for hypospadias alone appears stable from 1997. The rates for penile anomalies in newborns increased 1.4% annually (p < 0.001). All racial/ethnic groups analyzed showed this increase (p < 0.001 for each). During the study period there was a 2% increase per year in plural births (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the rate of change in penile anomaly incidence was greater in males of plural births compared to their singleton cohorts (2% vs 1% annually) (p < 0.001). The birth incidence of cleft palate, another congenital anomaly known to be stable over time, remained unchanged over this period. Conclusions From 1985 to 2006 in California the incidence of penile anomalies increased in a statistically significant manner, but the incidence of hypospadias appears stable for the last decade. Our data support the notion that different racial/ethnic groups have distinct incidences of penile anomaly formation and that an association with plural births appears to be present.
Comparative profiling of N-glycans isolated from serum samples of ovarian cancer patients and analyzed by microchip electrophoresis.

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortalities for women in the United States and the most lethal gynecological cancer. Aberrant glycosylation has been linked to several human diseases, including ovarian cancer, and accurate measurement of changes in glycosylation may provide relevant diagnostic and prognostic information. In this work, we used microchip electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection to determine quantitative differences among the N-glycan profiles of control individuals and late-stage recurrent ovarian cancer patients prior to and after an experimental drug treatment that combined docetaxel and imatinib mesylate. N-Glycans were enzymatically released from 5-μL aliquots of serum samples, labeled with the anionic fluorescent tag, 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, and analyzed on microfluidic devices. A 22-cm long separation channel, operated at 1250 V/cm, generated analysis times less than 100 s, separation efficiencies up to 8 × 105 plates (...
Pheochromocytoma of the bladder

We report three cases of pheochromocytoma of the bladder and review the literature. Often, the clinical manifestations of this rare neoplasm are elusive; however, a classic triad of symptoms, initiated by voiding, is well documented. Current localizing diagnostic modalities include measurement of plasma and urinary catecholamines, cystoscopy, computed tomographic (CT) scanning, andm[131I]iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) radioactive scanning. When feasible, the treatment of choice is partial cystectomy, with appropriate control of blood pressure and blood volume. Histologic determination of malignancy is equivocal and can complicate therapeutic options. Postoperative follow-up is required, as recurrence has been observed.
HapZipper: sharing HapMap populations just got easier

The rapidly growing amount of genomic sequence data being generated and made publicly available necessitate the development of new data storage and archiving methods. The vast amount of data being shared and manipulated also create new challenges for network resources. Thus, developing advanced data compression techniques is becoming an integral part of data production and analysis. The HapMap project is one of the largest public resources of human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), characterizing over 3 million SNPs genotyped in over 1000 individuals. The standard format and biological properties of HapMap data suggest that a dedicated genetic compression method can outperform generic compression tools. We propose a compression methodology for genetic data by introducing HapZipper, a lossless compression tool tailored to compress HapMap data beyond benchmarks defined by generic tools such as gzip, bzip2 and lzma. We demonstrate the usefulness of HapZipper by compressing HapMap 3 populations to <5% of their original sizes. HapZipper is freely downloadable from https://bitbucket.org/pchanda/hapzipper/downloads/HapZipper.tar.bz2.
Work in progress — Promoting the development of undergraduate researchers: Examining the significance of research engagement between faculty members and African American collegians

Unlike graduate students who report having faculty mentors, undergraduate students are less likely to report being mentored by a faculty member. Mentoring in higher education though can be a deeply rewarding experience for undergraduate students, contributing significantly to the student's development [1]. This qualitative study explored the research collaborative experiences of nine African American undergraduate students and 10 faculty members participating in summer research programs at a predominately White Institution (PWI) to better understand the nature of these relationships and what the perceived benefits of engaging in these relationships are. Findings suggest that the research collaborative mentoring relationships between faculty members and students are not as collaborative as anticipated, students gained a holistic view of the research process, increased research skills and experience, future opportunities, and personal and university support systems as benefits of the summer research experience. Faculty members reported gaining pragmatic benefits of collaborating with undergraduate students that included gaining assistance with research and new perspectives.
Laser surface alloying of gold

In many technological applications specific material surface properties are required, which are satisfied by depositing a layer of, for example, gold on a component, Laser surface alloying can modify a surface uniquely to produce a wide range of structures and properties.
Planning and implementing a library ergonomics program: case study at Queens College Library, the City University of New York

The impact of computer technology on libraries is changing the face of information services and how these services are delivered. It is significant that human interaction with computers prevails all service‐oriented institutions, especially libraries where circulation, reference, and technical services are fully automated and depend on computers for information access and retrieval via patron files and online public access catalogs. Libraries spend lots of time on implementing and upgrading electronic services and library functions. However, the human factors are generally overlooked. This article will provide a systematic way to address employee safety and health issues in the library through background readings, library ergonomics in literature, current technologies on ergonomic product design and a case study of ergonomics program implementation at Queens College Library, the City University of New York.
Nonequilibrium Steady States of Some Simple 1-D Mechanical Chains

We study nonequilibrium steady states of some 1-D mechanical models with N moving particles on a line segment connected to unequal heat baths. For a system in which particles move freely, exchanging energy as they collide with one another, we prove that the mean energy along the chain is constant and equal to \(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{T_{L}T_{R}}\) where TL and TR are the temperatures of the two baths. We then consider systems in which particles are trapped, i.e., each confined to its designated interval in the phase space, but these intervals overlap to permit interaction of neighbors. For these systems, we show numerically that the system has well defined local temperatures and obeys Fourier’s Law (with energy-dependent conductivity) provided we vary the masses randomly to enable the repartitioning of energy. Dynamical systems issues that arise in this study are discussed though their resolution is beyond reach.
Influence of a long-term high-fat diet on ghrelin secretion and ghrelin-induced food intake in rats.

The aims of this study were: (1) to define the extent to which a high-fat (HF) diet given on a long-term basis reduces resting plasma ghrelin (total [acyl + des-acyl]) levels and the plasma ghrelin (total) response to fasting, (2) to determine whether a chronic HF diet modifies the orexigenic activity of acyl-ghrelin, (3) whether insulin pretreatment inhibits the plasma ghrelin (total) response to fasting, and (4) the extent to which pioglitazone (PIO) treatment will increase stomach and plasma ghrelin (total) levels in rats fed a HF diet. PIO is a drug given to diabetics which improves insulin resistance. Our findings show that a chronic HF diet given for either 10 or 60 weeks exerts a persistent inhibitory effect on resting plasma ghrelin (total) levels. Additionally, the plasma ghrelin (total) elevation to overnight fasting is not altered in rats fed a HF diet on a long-term basis. A HF diet does not impair the ingestive response to acyl-ghrelin. Together, these results suggest that acyl-ghrelin serves as an important orexigenic factor. Results show that insulin pretreatment does not inhibit the plasma ghrelin (total) response to fasting suggesting that meal-induced insulin secretion does not have a role in reducing ghrelin (total) secretion. In rats fed a HF diet, PIO administration increases stomach ghrelin (total) levels. Because PIO can reduce systemic glucose and lipid levels, our findings suggest that elevated glucose and lipid levels are part of the inhibitory mechanism behind reduced ghrelin (total) secretion in rats fed a HF diet.
Post-Reform Market-Order Execution Quality: Multidimensional Comparisons Across Market Centers

We use market-order data to determine execution quality on the NYSE, four regional stock exchanges, and the Nasdaq InterMarket. We examine a sample period after the reduction in the minimum price variation and after the SEC imposed new order-handling rules, and analyze dimensions of execution quality in addition to trade prices. We find that in the postreform environment, the NYSE offers execution prices that are more favorable to the investor. However, the regional exchanges and the InterMarket offer executions that are faster and that more frequently allow investors to execute orders with sizes exceeding the quoted depth at the quoted price.
A new phosphatase of human platelets.

Abstract Human platelets contain a phosphatase, which has a pH optimum at 7.0. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate and citrate at 0.01 mol/l concentration and Mg2+ at 0.002 mol/l concentration respectively bring about 7.7-, 3.6- and 2.1-fold increase in its activity. It is thermolabile. About 70% of its activity is lost when held at 50°C for 10 min at pH 7.5. On electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gel at pH 8.3, about 87.8% of the total activity remained at the origin and the rest migrated toward the anode. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate, ouabain in the absence or presence of K+, potassium tartrate, phenylalanine, sodium fluoride have no effect on its activity. Urea at 1 mol/l and 0.5 mol/1 concentrations respectively inhibited about 76% and 28% of its activity. It has the highest preference for p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Its Km and Vmax respectively are 5.7 × 10−4 mol/1 and 2.9 μmol · min−1. Its activity on β-glycerophosphate is about 0.7% of that on p-nitrophenylphosphate. Its activity on ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides ranges from 0.4% to 3.0% of that on p-nitrophenylphosphate. Its maximum stimulation by EDTA, its non-dependence on K+ and its insensitivity to inorganic phosphate and ouabain, make human platelet neutral phosphatase herein described, distinct from the membrane bound neutral phosphatases so far reported.
Some thoughts on the factors that controlled prehistoric maize production in the American Southwest with application to southwestern Colorado

In this paper, we present a model of prehistoric southwestern Colorado maize productivity. The model is based on a tree-ring reconstruction of water-year precipitation for Mesa Verde for the period A.D. 480 to 2011. Correlation of historic Mesa Verde precipitation with historic precipitation at 11 other weather stations enabled the construction of an elevation-dependent precipitation function. Prehistoric water-year precipitation values for Mesa Verde together with the elevation-dependent precipitation function allowed construction of the elevation of southwest Colorado precipitation contours for each year since A.D. 480, including the 30-cm contour, which represents the minimum amount of precipitation necessary for the production of maize and the 50-cm contour, which represents the optimum amount of precipitation necessary for the production of maize. In this paper, calculations of prehistoric maize productivity and field life for any specific elevation are also demonstrated. These calculations were performed using organic nitrogen measurements made on seven southwestern Colorado soil groups together with values of reconstructed water-year precipitation and estimations of the organic nitrogen mineralization rate.