cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Citric-acid Induced Loss of Rigidity in Potato Tuber Slices.

and petiole, the interveinal tissue did not reach tritium equality with major veins, the stem, or the external solution. Water of the interveinal tissue maintained a stable tritium content at 60 to 70 % of external concentration for long periods. The pattern of results obtained was similar in sunflower and tobacco. Tritium content of leaf-tissue water vapor transpired by the canopy of an intact sunflower plant raised from seed in THO and treated with a stream of dry air inside a closed chamber increased over a 12-hour period. At the end of this period, interveinal tissue water and transpired vapor reached at least 95 % of the external tritium concentration about the roots. It was shown that the lack of equilibration in interveinal tissue should be attributed to exchange of tritium between the leaf and the surrounding unlabeled water vapor of the atmosphere. The results reported here contradict the hypothetical concept that a sizable fraction of tissue water is inaccessible for turnover.
EFFECT OF VOLUME OF LIQUID ENRICHMENT MEDIUM CONTAINING OXYRASE® ON GROWTH OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI1

The effect of volume of liquid medium (Hunt broth) supplemented with Oxyrase® on growth of Campylobacter jejuni was evaluated by using four sizes of containers and two concentrations of Oxyrase® (0.15 units/mL and 0.6 units/mL). We used 13×100 mm screw-capped tubes containing 1, 3, and 6 mL of medium; 18x150 mm screw-capped tubes containing 1, 5, 10, and 20 mL of medium; 45x45x120 mm bottles containing 25, 50, and 100 mL of medium; and Stomacher® 400 bags containing 250 mL of medium. Counts of four strains of C. jejuni were determined on blood agar plates at 0, 6, 12, 20, and 28 h of incubation. For 13×100 mm tubes, 3 mL of broth resulted the highest bacterial counts with increases of 4–5 log CFU/mL at 12 h and 7–8 log CFU/mL at 20 h. For 18x150 mm tubes, 10 mL and 20 ml of broth both provided increases of 3–4 log CFU/mL and of 6–7 log CFU/mL at 12 h and 20 h, respectively. Increases of 3.5 log CFU/mL at 12 h and of 7–8 log CFU/mL at 20 h were found in bottles containing 100 mL of broth. Overall, 0.15 units/mL Oxyrase® enhanced Campylobacter growth as effectively as 0.6 units/mL in all containers with no significant differences (p>0.05). However, supplementation with 0.6 units/mL of Oxyrase® gave slightly higher bacterial counts than addition of 0.15 units/mL in containers with high ratios of head space volume to medium volume (H:M). Ratios between 1.0 and 3.0 generally gave better results with all strains. The dissolved oxygen levels in each container were lower with high medium volume than with low medium volume. This study positively supported the efficiency of using Oxyrase® for recovery of C. jejuni under normal atmospheric conditions. In addition, various sizes of containers could be used for culturing campylobacters by maintaining the H:M ratio between 1.0 and 3.0.
The histone deacetylase SIRT6, a critical modulator of metabolism and tumorigenesis

Efficient glucose metabolism is critical for maintaining cellular viability. Under normal nutrient and oxygen conditions, glucose is converted to pyruvate, entering the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Under hypoxia or nutrient stress, metabolism is switched to glycolysis, increasing lactate production and reducing mitochondrial respiration, a switch known to play an important role in cancer cells, as defined by Otto Warburg decades ago. Little is known whether chromatin plays a role in carbohydrate flux. The yeast Sir2 protein is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase that senses the metabolic status of the cell and functions as a chromatin silencer to promote lifespan and genomic stability. Recently, we discovered that the mammalian SIRT6 is a chromatin factor that influences glucose metabolism and DNA repair. In mice, SIRT6-deficiency provokes a profound and lethal hypoglycemia which culminates in accelerated death. At the cellular level, SIRT6 inactivation leads to increased cellular glucose uptake, higher lactate production and decreased mitochondrial activity. Our results indicate that SIRT6 directly regulates expression of several key glycolytic genes. In this context, SIRT6 co-represses Hif1α, acting as a histone H3 lysine9 (H3K9) deacetylase to inhibit expression of glycolytic genes (Zhong et al, 2010). Strikingly, our new studies indicate that the “glycolytic switch” observed in the absence of SIRT6 provides a unique growth advantage in the context of tumorigenesis. Indeed, we find that SIRT6 deficiency causes transformation even in the absence of oncogenic signaling, and SIRT6 levels determine progression and disease-free survival in various human cancers. Our results suggest that SIRT6 might play a critical role in modulating the Warburg effect.
Missing Data Analysis Using Multiple Imputation Getting to the Heart of the Matter

Missing data are a pervasive problem in health investigations. We describe some background of missing data analysis and criticize ad hoc methods that are prone to serious problems. We then focus on multiple imputation, in which missing cases are first filled in by several sets of plausible values to create multiple completed datasets, then standard complete-data procedures are applied to each completed dataset, and finally the multiple sets of results are combined to yield a single inference. We introduce the basic concepts and general methodology and provide some guidance for application. For illustration, we use a study assessing the effect of cardiovascular diseases on hospice discussion for late stage lung cancer patients.
Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 is a potential regulatory protein in B lymphocytes

Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (RASD1) is a protein of the Ras family which probably has a regulatory function. We demonstrate that Rasd1 mRNA is expressed in mouse lymph node cells in response to inhibitory stimuli. Rasd1 mRNA is present at very low levels in freshly isolated cells, but it is rapidly up-regulated in culture and is expressed at elevated levels in cells whose proliferation is blocked by exposure to homogenized brain tissue. The cells expressing Rasd1 mRNA are positive for MHC class II and B220 and negative for Thy-1. Expression of Rasd1 mRNA is very low in B cell-deficient mice. We conclude that Rasd1 mRNA is expressed by B lymphocytes derived from lymph node cells in response to inactivating or inhibitory stimuli. It may play a role in regulating B lymphocyte activity and proliferation.
Using Technology to Create a Dynamic Classroom Experience

There are a multitude of diverse technologies available for integration in the college classroom, but considering how to implement these initiatives can be overwhelming to the instructor. The adaptation of this technology is often very simple and involves little more than the Internet and basic word processing skills. A review of the multimedia applications, which are inexpensive (often free), easy to implement, and require limited technology skills, is covered. Multimedia items that can be easily implemented in the college classroom include animation, slideshows, blogging, instant messaging, podcasting, and video on demand. Multimedia, which uses the Internet as its transfer mechanism, can be an effective method of creating a dynamic college classroom experience.
Designing Blended Inquiry Learning in a Laboratory Context: A Study of Incorporating Hands-On and Virtual Laboratories

This article reports on the development of a methodology that integrates virtual and hands-on inquiry in a freshman introductory biology course. Using a two time × two order-condition design, an effective combination (blend) of the two environments was evaluated with 39 freshman biology participants. The quantitative results documented no significant effect of presentation order but demonstrated a significant effect of the combined learning experience. The qualitative results showed a strong preference by students for the virtual work preceding the hands-on laboratory. The study provides practitioners an effective alternative to traditional instructional practices by combining virtual and hands-on inquiry learning.
Some Causes of United States Drought

Abstract Some physical causes of United States drought are outlined. Among the associated factors is subsidence,either in the upper level anticyclones or to the south of strong jets, or sometimes under prevailing northerlycomponents of upper level flow. These conditions are engendered by abnormal forms of the atmosphere'sgeneral circulation. Causative factors vary in kind and degree according to area, so that droughts over theFar West differ from those of the Great Plains or the East. Examples of each of these are shown as well astreatment of a rapidly developing drought. It should be obvious from this report that a successful numerical(dynamical) solution of the drought problem should be high on meteorologists' agendas.
Clines, Clusters, and Clades in the Race Debate

In this paper, I argue against Andreasen and Sesardic, who have both claimed that recent cluster results in population genetics serve as evidence that the human species contains, or at least once contained, subspecies. I show that the cluster results are in fact evidentially inert relative to each author’s preferred subspecies concept. I then sketch the kinds of biological facts that could be used to push the debate further.
Morbid Obesity and Premature Death in the Young

Morbid obesity and related ectopic lipid accumulation play an important role in the pathogenesis of multi-organ damage. This autopsy report of a 25 year old Caucasian male with history of sleep apnea but non-compliant to continuous positive airway pressure illustrates the consequences of chronic fatty organ changes in a morbidly obese young male.
Comparison of soft tissue profile changes in serial extraction and late premolar extraction.

Abstract To assess soft tissue profile changes through time, a comparison was made of patients treated by serial extraction without subsequent orthodontic treatment (n=28), patients treated with serial extraction and orthodontic treatment (n=30), and patients treated orthodontically with late extraction (n=30). Cephalometric radiographs were traced and digitized; linear and angular measurements were made with a custom computer program that allowed digitization of specific soft tissue points. Maxillary, mandibular, and overall cephalometric superimpositions and linear measurements of change from the superimpositions were done by hand. Statistical analyses were made to determine if significant differences existed within each group at each time period and between groups at each time period, as well as between males and females at each time period. Data were also analyzed to determine if significant correlations existed between any hard tissue variable and any soft tissue variable, or between any soft tissue ...
Chasing One-Carbon Units to Understand the Role of Serine in Epigenetics

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Maddocks et al. (2016) use stable isotope tracing, mass spectrometry, and nutrient modulation in cancer cells to highlight the role of serine in supporting methylation through maintenance of nucleotide levels.
United We Fail: Group versus Individual Strength in the California Sea Mussel, Mytilus californianus

The mussel Mytilus californianus is a dominant competitor for space on wave-swept rocky shores, where it forms dense beds. Byssal threads anchor each mussel both to the substratum and to neighbors, allowing mussels to resist the onslaught of waves. When incident hydrodynamic stress exceeds a mussel’s tenacity, the threads are broken, the mussel is dislodged, and a gap is opened in the bed. Here, we show that when groups of contiguous bed mussels experience similar hydrodynamic forces, they collectively have a lower tenacity than when force is applied to a single individual. Lowered group tenacity leads to greater probabilities of dislodgment, with ramifications for community dynamics and species diversity.
Inpatient insulin therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In a 2001 report from a surgical intensive care unit in Leuven, Belgium, intravenous insulin infusion targeting blood glucose 80-110 mg/dl reduced patient mortality and morbidities. Subsequent research has failed to define glycemic targets necessary or sufficient for attainment of desired health outcomes in other inpatient settings, but a large body of evidence suggests hospital outcomes are related to hyperglycemia. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature describes observational evidence for hypoglycemia as an independent predictor of mortality in a general medical intensive care unit; superiority of performance of computerized intravenous insulin algorithms in comparison to earlier manual algorithms; acceptability of early transition to scheduled basal prandial correction subcutaneous insulin analog therapy for maintenance of glycemic targets after induction of euglycemia by intravenous insulin infusion, among cardiothoracic surgery patients; inferiority of sliding scale insulin compared to basal prandial correction therapy; and feasibility of diabetes patient self-management in the hospital setting. SUMMARY With development of improved insulin administration strategies problems of hypoglycemia and variability of glycemic control are reduced. Investigators and care providers need to achieve glycemic targets to optimize patient outcomes.
The Medical Examination and Incidence of Congenital Dislocation of the Hip in the Middle District of Saga Prefecture

During 1980-1991 there were 7700 birth-s in the middle district of Saga Prefecture. Of these, 6960 infants aged two to twelve months had their hips examined at public health centers. Af this examination 14 cases of treated congenital dislocation of the hip were found and 10 new cases of congenital hip dislocation were reported which had previously been missed despite their having neonatal examination. The average age of the infants with previously missed dislocation at the time of diagnosis was 3.2 months, and all were immediately reduced with a Pavlik harness.This investigation suggested that the incidence of CDH was 0.345%.
Transformed variables and hodographs in impulsive orbit transfer

Abstract Recently a transformation of variables has been used for an object in a Newtonian gravitational field that linearizes the equations of motion. This transformation has been found useful for unconstrained orbital rendezvous and transfer problems. This paper examines the geometry of these transformed variables for planar orbital transfer problems. The transformed initial, final, and transfer orbits are either points or circles with centers on a horizontal axis. Applied velocity impulses cause horizontal jumps between these points or centers and vertical jumps between points on the circular arcs. These transformed orbits are shown to have an equivalence to the well-known classical hodographs. Because of this equivalence the orbit equation can be represented by another set of linear equations in terms of the radial velocity, transverse velocity, and the reciprocal of the angular momentum.
The effects of pre-shock and handling on the startle response in the rat

Five days of shock (5 shocks of 4,5 ma, 0.2 sec duration at 1 sec. intervals) produced an enhanced startle response if Ss were startled shortly after the last shock experience. However, if the Ss were startled 24 hr. after the last shock experience, the response was depressed. Control group results indicate that this depression was due to the Ss having become habituated to the presentation of novel stimulation.
The Study of the Controlling Factors of High Efficient Well

It came into the development stage of the high water cut and high degree of reserve recovery in Pu-bei oilfield.The distribution of remaining oil was complicate and scattered,which was affected through-going characteristic of sand body,as a result,it was an active method of tap the latent power remaining oil that looking for high efficient wells and controlling factors of high efficient wells were studied and analyzed in concentration area of remainder oil saturation.Through studying the conditions for the formation and distributed trait of high efficient wells in Pu-bei oilfield,and making use of all sorts of reservoir parameters and operational parameters which were applied,the genetic model of high efficient wells was established.The method is feasible and reliable through practical verification.It provides technique and theory support for further tapping the latent power remaining oil.
Chapter Five – Preliminary Operations in Quantitative Analysis

Publisher Summary There are many basic laboratory operations common to all quantitative analysis procedures. These are sampling, drying, weighing, and dissolving. Dissolving is not always necessary, because there are several instrumental methods in which the measurements are made directly on the sample. The objective in obtaining a suitable sample is to take a portion that is the representative of all the components and their amounts that are contained in the bulk sample. Different techniques are employed for sampling gases, liquids, and solids. Drying procedures are such that only a fixed amount of moisture is removed. Because heat is used for drying, it is possible to decompose the sample or to remove volatile components from the sample. In ordinary analysis, weighing is one of the most accurate techniques that can be made in the laboratory. After weighing the sample, the next step is dissolution. If the sample is soluble in water, the problem is solved, although occasionally the sample slowly hydrolyzes in water to produce insoluble hydrous oxides.
Neuroplastin Isoform Np55 Is Expressed in the Stereocilia of Outer Hair Cells and Required for Normal Outer Hair Cell Function.

Neuroplastin (Nptn) is a member of the Ig superfamily and is expressed in two isoforms, Np55 and Np65. Np65 regulates synaptic transmission but the function of Np55 is unknown. In an N-ethyl-N-nitrosaurea mutagenesis screen, we have now generated a mouse line with an Nptn mutation that causes deafness. We show that Np55 is expressed in stereocilia of outer hair cells (OHCs) but not inner hair cells and affects interactions of stereocilia with the tectorial membrane. In vivo vibrometry demonstrates that cochlear amplification is absent in Nptn mutant mice, which is consistent with the failure of OHC stereocilia to maintain stable interactions with the tectorial membrane. Hair bundles show morphological defects as the mutant mice age and while mechanotransduction currents can be evoked in early postnatal hair cells, cochlea microphonics recordings indicate that mechanontransduction is affected as the mutant mice age. We thus conclude that differential splicing leads to functional diversification of Nptn, where Np55 is essential for OHC function, while Np65 is implicated in the regulation of synaptic function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Amplification of input sound signals, which is needed for the auditory sense organ to detect sounds over a wide intensity range, depends on mechanical coupling of outer hair cells to the tectorial membrane. The current study shows that neuroplastin, a member of the Ig superfamily, which has previously been linked to the regulation of synaptic plasticity, is critical to maintain a stable mechanical link of outer hair cells with the tectorial membrane. In vivo recordings demonstrate that neuroplastin is essential for sound amplification and that mutation in neuroplastin leads to auditory impairment in mice.
Effects of once‐weekly dulaglutide on kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes in phase II and III clinical trials

Dulaglutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Integrated data from 9 phase II and III trials in people with T2D (N = 6005) were used to evaluate the effects of dulaglutide on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR [Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration]), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and kidney adverse events (AEs). No significant differences in eGFR were observed during treatment for dulaglutide vs placebo, active comparators or insulin glargine (mean ± standard deviation values: dulaglutide vs placebo: 87.8 ± 17.7 vs 88.2 ± 17.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P = .075; dulaglutide vs active comparators: 89.9 ± 16.7 vs 88.8 ± 16.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P = .223; and dulaglutide vs insulin glargine: 85.9 ± 18.2 vs 83.9 ± 18.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 , P = .423). Lower UACR values were observed for dulaglutide vs placebo, active comparators and insulin glargine (at 26 weeks, median [Q1-Q3] values were: dulaglutide vs placebo: 8.0 [4.4-20.4] vs 8.0 [4.4-23.9] mg/g, P = .023; dulaglutide vs active comparators: 8.0 [4.4-21.2] vs 8.9 [4.4-27.4] mg/g, P = .013; and dulaglutide vs insulin glargine: 8.9 [4.4-29.2] vs 12.4 [5.3-50.5] mg/g, P = .029). AEs reflecting potential acute renal failure were 3.4, 1.7 and 7.0 events/1000 patient-years for dulaglutide, active comparators and placebo, respectively. In conclusion, dulaglutide treatment of clinical trial participants with T2D did not affect eGFR and slightly decreased albuminuria.
The development of an artificial gill to supply oxygen to a submerged microbial fuel cell

The development of an effective system for extracting dissolved oxygen from water would enable humans to work underwater for extended periods. This would have applications to science, industry, exploration, military, and recreation. Human sustenance would require a very sophisticated and high capacity gill system, one that has not been developed to date. The overall aim of this research was to develop an artificial gill that would operate with a realistic and useful load. The load chosen for this research was a microbial fuel cell operating underwater. Countercurrent gill plates were constructed to evaluate several different candidates for use as the oxygen transfer membrane. The oxygen gain of each membrane was measured by comparing dissolved oxygen readings before and after the gill. Celgard 2500 (Celgard, Inc. Charlotte NC), a microporous polypropylene membrane, was chosen as the most suitable candidate; it sustained an oxygen gain greater than 2 mmol/sec. This was a much higher gain than necessary to sustain the fuel cell, which is on the order of 10 nmol/sec. The original fuel cell (NCBE, University of Reading, UK) was then redesigned. The new system was more modular, allowing for a multitude of different experimental configurations. Two of the configurations included an integrated gill, with no moving parts and therefore no power consumption. The cathode of the fuel cell was modified to respond more quickly to changes in oxygen supply. Experiments were conducted measuring the power output of the modified fuel cell and the oxygen uptake of the gill. The MFC ran for multiple days for each test cycle, and data was recorded on a Tattletale Model 8 microcontroller (Onset, Pocasset, MA). It was demonstrated that providing the cathode of the cell with oxygen enabled the cell to sustain much higher voltages than without a continuous oxygen supply. Typical experiments yielded a few microwatts of power between 100 and 200 mV
Modifiers and Fillers

This chapter presents a summary of how fillers (active and inert) impact the rheological properties of asphalt binders including adding stiffness and fracture toughness due to their ability to adsorb energy by “crack pinning” mechanisms and diffusion of crack growth. Active fillers such as hydrated lime are somewhat compatible with the acids within asphalt binder and can sorb components from the asphalt, such as carboxylic acids to form an interlayer between the hydrated lime and the asphalt. The net result of this interaction is to improve the asphalt–aggregate bond and to magnify the volume filler effect such that the active filler has a substantially greater rheological impact than equal volume of inert filler. This chapter summarizes key research by Lesueur (2009) to describe a colloidal picture of the asphalt microstructure. Lesueur explains that such suspensions can be viewed as special cases of emulsions and, in certain cases, as a suspension of viscoelastic solids in a viscoelastic matrix. This chapter addresses polymer stabilization of asphalt binders by adding both plastomers and elastomers to the asphalt binder. A fundamental explanation of how such polymer additives interact with asphalt binder is used to explain the practical implications of polymer modification and how relatively low additive amounts of polymer by weigh of asphalt binder can result in an inverted matrix, where the swollen polymer additive forms a continuous matrix within the polymer–asphalt blend. The use of elemental sulfur, a by-product of gas and petroleum de-sulfuring and available in large quantities throughout much of the industrialized world, is addressed as an asphalt extender and stiffener.
Assessment of CFD-DEM solution error against computational cell size for flows through a fixed-bed of binary-sized particles

Abstract Computational cell size is a crucial factor for accuracy in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of particle-fluid interactions. In the present study, we investigate how simulation results change with computational cell size and mixture composition, for calculation of drag force over a fixed bed containing a binary-sized particle mixture. To investigate the complex solution convergence behavior, the simulation results are examined for several definitions of dimensionless computational cell size. Several regimes of consistent behavior, across three investigated mixtures, are identified and a consistently optimal cell size range is identified. We find that both the difference between simulated solution results and published experimental results, and the standard deviation of the void fraction profile, show consistent trends when plotted against the dimensionless computational cell size based on the Sauter-mean particle diameter. Grid-refinement studies are performed across all grid solutions, and the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) is analyzed as a predictor for the grid solution error. Correlations between simulation error and GCI are not strong, likely because of incongruence of the solution trends with typical asymptotic convergence. Alternatively, a correlation between change in solution value on successively refined grids and finer-grid solution error is shown to be adequate for the current results.
Evolocumab: Considerations for the Management of Hyperlipidemia.

To review the efficacy, safety, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor. PCSK9 inhibitors are a class of lipid-lowering agents that significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia. Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9 and has been evaluated in phase II and III studies as monotherapy, in combination with statins and other lipid-lowering therapies, in patients who are statin intolerant, and in patients with heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Data from these studies show that evolocumab significantly reduces LDL-C levels. Treatment with evolocumab also significantly improves levels of other lipid parameters (e.g., apolipoproteins A1 and B, lipoprotein(a), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides). Recent results indicate that LDL-C reduction with evolocumab significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and is also associated with atherosclerotic plaque regression. From a safety standpoint, rates of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and AEs leading to discontinuation were similar between evolocumab and controls in clinical trials, and no increase in AEs was observed when evolocumab was used in combination with statins. Patients with elevated LDL-C benefit from evolocumab treatment, suggesting that evolocumab could help meet an unmet medical need in high-risk patient populations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia that are unable to reduce LDL-C levels sufficiently with statin therapy alone.
Population Growth, Ecology, and Poverty

The world’s population of nearly one billion in 1800 has grown to approximately 6.9 billion today, and population projections suggest that the world population will fall somewhere between 8 and 10.5 billion by 2050, depending on changes in national level fertility and mortality rates (UNPD 2010). Nearly all of the world’s net population growth over the coming 40 years will occur in cities in less developed countries.
Hi, I Want to Talk to You About Your Progress: A Large Course Intervention for At-Risk College Students:

Performance during the first year of college and in introductory courses has been widely identified as critical to college students’ retention and success. Accordingly, interventions to assist begi...
Prognostic Factors in Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma: A SEER Database Analysis.

Background Outcome studies on sinonasal malignancy are limited to retrospective case series, often with inclusion of diverse histology and short follow-up. The objective of this study was to identify key predictive variables that independently impact survival for paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) and to compare these variables in the context of these two distinct clinicopathologic entities. Methods: Analysis was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 to 2012 to identify key variables that impact survival for SCC and AC. Results A total of 3,714 cases were included. There were 2,895 SCC cases and 819 AC cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 64.1 years. The male to female ratio for SCC and AC was 1.85 and 1.04, respectively. Patients with SCC and AC were most often diagnosed with stage IV disease in 61.8 and 63.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of patients received combined surgery and radiation (52% for SCC and 43.1% for AC). For SCC, increased age ( p < 0.001) and stage ( p < 0.001) were negative predictors, and surgery improved survival ( p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. For AC, prognostic factors associated with worse survival include increased age ( p < 0.001) and grade ( p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. Overall survival was significantly higher in AC compared with SCC at 5 years ( p = 0.001). Conclusion SCC and AC of the paranasal sinuses are both aggressive malignancies with poor survival. For both histological subtypes, increased age predicts worse survival and grade also closely links to survival in AC. These data have important potential implications for treatment planning and pretreatment counseling.
Role of resistivity and viscosity in the excitation of stable m = 0 modes during the RFP sawtooth crash

Visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to investigate the role of resistivity and viscosity in the reversed field pinch sawtooth crash. Specifically, we examine the temporal behavior of the linearly stable (m, n) = (0, 1) mode. Both volume-averaged dissipation and dissipation levels in the region near the m = 0 resonance are found to influence characteristic time scales. Increasing resistivity causes the mode rise time, fall time, and total crash duration to decrease, while increasing viscosity has the opposite effect. Examination of energy flow during the sawtooth crash reveals that despite the linear stability of the (0, 1) mode, it receives most of its energy from the mean current profile during the crash rather than from nonlinear interactions with other modes. Resistivity and viscosity do not impact mode behavior directly through dissipative energy loss but rather through modification of the large scale current profile evolution and radial structure of the mode. Computational results are compared to experimental data from the Madison Symmetric Torus and found to largely agree when resistivity and viscosity are similar.Visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations are used to investigate the role of resistivity and viscosity in the reversed field pinch sawtooth crash. Specifically, we examine the temporal behavior of the linearly stable (m, n) = (0, 1) mode. Both volume-averaged dissipation and dissipation levels in the region near the m = 0 resonance are found to influence characteristic time scales. Increasing resistivity causes the mode rise time, fall time, and total crash duration to decrease, while increasing viscosity has the opposite effect. Examination of energy flow during the sawtooth crash reveals that despite the linear stability of the (0, 1) mode, it receives most of its energy from the mean current profile during the crash rather than from nonlinear interactions with other modes. Resistivity and viscosity do not impact mode behavior directly through dissipative energy loss but rather through modification of the large scale current profile evolution and radial structure of the mode. Computational result...
Acute progressive neurological decline in an elderly man

The patient was an 88-year-old man referred to a physical therapist by his primary care physician for a 1-week history of severe neck pain of insidious onset. Based upon the history and physical examination, the physical therapist concluded that the patient's neck pain was mechanical in nature. Initial physical therapist intervention included cervical taping, cervical collar use and instruction in home exercise. At his follow-up visit 4 days after his initial physical therapy visit, the patient reported no improvement. The patient's son, who accompanied him to this visit, also reported that his father had a recent onset of fever and mild confusion. The case was discussed with the patient's physician and it was recommended that the patient report to the emergency department. Evaluation in the emergency department revealed that the patient was febrile with diminished oxygen saturation and an elevated white blood cell count. Chest radiographs were consistent with pneumonia and blood cultures were positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was hospitalized and over the next 6 days, his condition progressively declined and quadriplegia below the C4 myotomal level developed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine revealed severe cervical central canal stenosis with extensive signal abnormality in the cervical cord, as well as diffuse oedema in the perivertebral soft tissues that was consistent with a retropharyngeal abscess. Despite medical management, the patient subsequently succumbed to the complications of pneumonia and quadriplegia.
How Do I Evaluate a Patient for Chronic Pancreatitis in the Emergency Department? How Are These Patients Managed Acutely? What Therapies Exist for Long-Term Management of This Condition?

Patients with chronic pancreatitis can present to an acute care setting with a variety of complications related to long-standing fibrosis of the pancreatic ducts and parenchyma. These may manifest as vascular, exocrine, endocrine, or other types of serious systemic dysfunction and warrant careful consideration. Treatment modalities should be tailored to known or suspected underlying etiologies and may include a combination of surgical, endoscopic, and medical therapies. Pain relief is a complicated goal encompassing a multimodal, interdisciplinary approach. The emergency department can help facilitate management of chronic pancreatitis by ruling out life-threatening complications and facilitating access to appropriate pain management resources for more definitive therapies.
Evaluation of DSRC and LTE for V2X

Researchers are actively working on technologies that enable vehicles to communicate with each other and with surrounding devices in the environment. Currently, Dedicated Short Range Radio (DSRC) and cellular communication based approaches such as 4G/LTE and 5G are the most promising technologies for Vehicular communications (V2X). The main goal of V2X is to improve safety on the road and also provide additional convenience services for the vehicle occupants. This paper presents results of the experimental evaluation, in simulation environments, of the performance of DSRC and LTE on various quality metrics for V2X applications.
Novel tele nucleophilic aromatic substitutions in α-(benzotriazol-1-yl)alkyl aryl ketones

Abstract Reactions of α-(benzotriazol-1-yl)alkyl aryl ketones 2 with alkyllithiums or Grignard reagents afforded para-alkylated products 5, via novel tele nucleophilic aromatic substitutions.
Evidence for inhomogeneous thermal sources of two similar solar spike events of 1978 May 5 and December 4

Two short-duration single-spike solar events of 1978 May 5 and December 4 exhibit similar time profiles in the microwave and hard X-ray ranges, indicating emission from compact sources. Microwave spectral observations exhibit inhomogeneities present in the source parameters. The existence of fine time structures in the microwave time profiles at 10.4 GHz from Berne are interpreted as a signature of the dynamics of a disturbance traveling through the source at the ion-sound speed. Stereoscopic observations with the hard X-ray detector on the solar orbiter, Helios 2, and the Berne microwave antennae do not indicate any time lag or differences in the time profiles during the impulsive phase. This is taken as evidence for the absence of directionality of emission, making beam models unlikely for short-duration single-spike events.
Effect of exposure to formalin on peripheral and smaller airways of 1st-year medical students

Context: One of the occupational hazards experienced by a doctor is the exposure to formaldehyde during gross anatomy dissection classes. As it vaporizes at room temperature, the respiratory system is easily affected. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of formaldehyde on the smaller and peripheral airways. Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of formaldehyde exposure on the smaller and peripheral airways of 1st-year medical students. Settings and Design: A longitudinal, descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, among 1st-year MBBS students in the academic year 2015–16. Materials and Methods: The spirometric parameter, forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% (FEF25%–75%)was recorded in eighty medical students using spirometer RMS Helios 401 available in the research laboratory of the department. Percent-predicated values were used for the analysis. The baseline values were recorded at the beginning of the academic calendar and followed up at the end of the 1st, 6th, and 10th months. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were used for the analysis.P
Generating Music with a Self-Correcting Non-Chronological Autoregressive Model

We describe a novel approach for generating music using a self-correcting, non-chronological, autoregressive model. We represent music as a sequence of edit events, each of which denotes either the addition or removal of a note---even a note previously generated by the model. During inference, we generate one edit event at a time using direct ancestral sampling. Our approach allows the model to fix previous mistakes such as incorrectly sampled notes and prevent accumulation of errors which autoregressive models are prone to have. Another benefit is a finer, note-by-note control during human and AI collaborative composition. We show through quantitative metrics and human survey evaluation that our approach generates better results than orderless NADE and Gibbs sampling approaches.
Design and simulation of three-level SVPWM based on FPGA

After expounding the overall design of the three-level SVPWM principle and algorithm, the SVPWM top level module using FPGA is created. And A/D conversion module, the Clarke transformation module, the adjacent vector function time module and the triangle carrier module are also established. Quartus II is used to simulation. And compared with the simulation results of MATLAB, the simulation waveforms are consistent, which verifies the correctness of the simulation results. Taking the diode clamped three-level inverter as the research object, the simulation waveforms of the different modulation M are compared, and the correctness of the three-level SVPWM control strategy is further verified.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Select Patients With Hypercoagulable Disorders

Objective:To summarize the literature assessing the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for the acute treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in sel...
Two distinct components of the delayed single electron noise in liquid xenon emission detectors

Single electron noise which persists for many milliseconds is known to follow ionizing events in liquid/gas xenon emission detectors. Due to the long timescale, this noise can be mistaken for a genuine signal. Therefore, it is a limiting background to the low-energy threshold of dark matter searches, and could prevent discovery-class searches for MeV scale hidden sector dark matter. A systematic study reveals distinct fast and slow components to the noise. The fast component is compatible with the hypothesis of electrons which were trapped below the liquid surface, and can be reduced by increasing the electric field across the liquid/gas interface. However, the slow component increases linearly with electric field. Hypotheses for the origin of this effect are discussed, and techniques for mitigation are suggested.
Molecular signatures of labor and nonlabor myometrium with parsimonious classification from 2 calcium transporter genes

Clinical phenotyping of term and preterm labor is imprecise, and disagreement persists on categorization relative to underlying pathobiology, which remains poorly understood. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 31 specimens of human uterine myometrium from 10 term and 21 preterm cesarean deliveries with rich clinical context information. A molecular signature of 4814 transcripts stratified myometrial samples into quiescent (Q) and nonquiescent (NQ) phenotypes, independent of gestational age and incision site. Similar stratifications were achieved using expressed genes in Ca2+ signaling and TGF-β pathways. For maximal parsimony, we evaluated the expression of just 2 Ca2+ transporter genes, ATP2B4 (encoding PMCA4) and ATP2A2 (coding for SERCA2), and we found that their ratio reliably distinguished NQ and Q specimens in the current study, and also in 2 publicly available RNA-seq data sets (GSE50599 and GSE80172), with an overall AUC of 0.94. Cross-validation of the ATP2B4/ATP2A2 ratio by quantitative PCR in an expanded cohort (by 11 additional specimens) achieved complete separation (AUC of 1.00) of NQ versus Q specimens. While providing additional insight into the associations between clinical features of term and preterm labor and myometrial gene expression, our study also offers a practical algorithm for unbiased classification of myometrial biopsies by their overall contractile program.
Use of high-dose mesna and hyperhydration leads to lower incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis after posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based allogeneic transplantation

Currently, there is no consensus on best practices to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in patients receiving posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). We retrospectively reviewed 194 patients undergoing their first hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) who received PTCy from 2014 to 2018 to describe the incidence and severity of HC, identify potential risk factors, and impact of HC on HCT outcomes. Standard HC prophylaxis was hyperhydration with forced diuresis and mesna at 320% the daily dose of PTCy. Incidence of HC was 31.4% at day +100 of HCT. Median onset of HC was 12 days with 11.5% grade 3 HC and no Grade 4 HC. Patients with chemical HC experienced earlier onset (7 days vs. 34 days, p < 0.001) with a shorter median resolution time (5 days vs. 14 days, p = 0.001) when compared to BK-associated HC. In multivariate analysis, age above 60 years (HR 4.16, p = 0.006) and myeloablative conditioning (HR 2.44, p = 0.054) were associated with higher risk for HC, but overall, HC did not affect nonrelapse mortality or overall survival. In conclusion, hyperhydration with forced diuresis combined with aggressive mesna dosing is an effective strategy in preventing severe PTCy-associated HC, subsequently preventing any negative impact on transplant outcome.
Targeted Therapy in Travelers' Diarrhea: What Is the Role for the Non‐Absorbable?

In this edition of the Journal of Travel Medicine , DuPont and colleagues report the results of a well‐conducted phase 3 randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial evaluating a non‐absorbable antibiotic, Rifamycin SV, formulated with an enteric coating and a patented multimatrix (MMX®) technology that targets the delivery of the antibiotic to the distal small bowel and colon.1 Given the constancy of emerging antibiotic resistance to global bacterial enteropathogens, potential safety issues with systemic antibiotics, and the noble goal of targeted and measured antibiotic therapy, the need for novel antibiotics in travelers' diarrhea (TD) management has been identified.2 However, considering the observed and potential impact of TD on individual and population health and the global economy,3 effectiveness against a broad range of pathogens and syndromic presentations is a principal criterion on which novel antibiotic therapies are evaluated. Currently used antibiotics for the treatment of TD include systemically absorbed fluoroquinolones and azithromycin, and the non‐absorbable rifaximin. The study that is being reported by DuPont and colleagues is the first to evaluate a new non‐absorbable, Rifamycin SV‐MMX, which falls in the same antibiotic drug class, ansamycins, but is differentiated from rifaximin in that it targets distal small intestine and colonic delivery, whereas rifaximin primarily targets the small intestine due to its selective bile solubility in the proximal small intestine.4 The primary cause of TD is bacteria, and among these, the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) predominate. These types of E. coli are varied in both their pathogenesis and site of infection which can range from the small intestine to the colon.5 Other prevalent bacterial causes … Corresponding Author: Mark S. Riddle, MD, Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. E‐mail: mark.riddle{at}med.navy.mil
Determining the Fraction Unbound of Herbal Product Constituents in Human Liver Microsomes to Improve Herb-Drug Interaction Predictions

Adverse interactions between herbal products and conventional medications are a growing public health concern. Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzyme activity by herbal constituents is a common mec...
RAREFIED-GAS HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN PARALLEL PLATES BY A MONTE CARLO METHOD

Monte Carlo analysis of rarefied-gas heat transfer between parallel plates under various flow conditions
Correlates of cardiac and sudden death after ambulatory monitoring in a community hospital. Importance of clinical characteristics, congestive heart failure and tachyarrhythmias.

Abstract To analyze the prognostic importance of arrhythmias on routine 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, we prospectively followed 755 consecutive patients undergoing monitoring at a community hospital in the context of usual medical care. Of the 755 patients, 114 (15%) had ventricular tachycardia on monitoring. At a mean follow-up of 38 months, multivariate survival analysis indicated that congestive heart failure was the strongest correlate of death from all causes (relative risk (RR) = 2.6), cardiac death (RR = 3.5), and the sudden cardiac death (RR = 5.6); ventricular tachycardia was significantly correlated with death from all causes and with cardiac death, but had only a borderline association with sudden cardiac death (RR = 1.9, p = 0.08). While ventricular tachycardia on ambulatory monitoring is of prognostic importance, congestive heart failure, as determined by routine clinical examination, was a more powerful prognostic correlate of death from all causes, death from cardiac causes, and sudden cardiac death.