cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deepwater marine mammals of the northern Gulf of Mexico

In the northern Gulf of Mexico, two cetacean species, the bottlenose and Atlantic spotted dolphins (about 73 000 animals) inhabit the continental shelf waters ( 200 m) was generally restricted to inferences from strandings and opportunistic sightings. In 1989, NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) began studies of cetaceans in the oceanic northern Gulf (i.e., U.S. exclusive economic zone—the area approximately north of a line from Key West, Florida to Brownsville, Texas). This research complemented continental shelf research by attempting to (1) determine which cetacean species occur and (2) for each species, estimate the size of the population in order to monitor trends over time.
Spurious dimension estimates from time series of geomagnetic indices

The tools of nonlinear systems analysis can be used to determine the number of effective degrees of freedom, or dimension, of a system. The algorithms for estimating the dimension appear deceptively simple, but must be applied with extreme care or a spurious dimension estimate is likely to result. We discuss various problems, and methods to overcome them, with estimating the dimension of non-stationary time series with long autocorrelation times such as AE and AL indices. Our results show that previous estimates of the dimension of AE time series were caused by long autocorrelation times and not by the dynamics of the system. Further, calculation of the largest Lyapunov exponent also gives evidence against the presence of low dimensional chaos.
Current Status of Research on the Federal Guidelines for Performing Research Using an Exception from Informed Consent

In order to set the stage for the later discussion of future directions, this Consensus Conference began by reviewing some of the existing research on conducting resuscitation studies using an exception from informed consent. That research is described in this article. The authors conclude that, based on the experiences reported by researchers and institutional review boards, resuscitation research may be ethically and legally conducted under the current regulations, but such research requires substantial effort, financial resources, and personnel. Federal regulations have set the bar appropriately high, and this may pose significant difficulties for small sponsors and individual investigators. However, further study of the experiences of subjects, researchers, and the regulatory process is warranted.
Performance of Comorbidity Measures to Predict Stroke and Death in a Community-Dwelling, Hypertensive Medicaid Population

Background and Purpose— The Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidities are widely used to control for differences in comorbidity in epidemiological studies but have not been validated for outpatient studies of hypertension. This study sought that validation using death and stroke outcomes. Methods— Using Cox models in a retrospective cohort study of 49 479 hypertensive patients, Modified Charlson Index was compared with 6 alternative approaches to assessing comorbidity: individual Charlson comorbidities, Elixhauser comorbidities, prior major cardiovascular disease event, traditional risk factors for cerebrovascular accident, healthcare utilization, and antihypertensive medication utilization. Comorbidity measures were calculated at baseline and for a period before occurrence of the study outcome of interest or study conclusion. Results— The Charlson comorbidities had the smallest Akaike information criterion value for both the stroke and death outcomes when baseline data were used. The Elixhauser comorbidities...
Calculated travel times of seismic core waves

Travel times for the seismic core waves, PKP, PKS, and SKS, were computed by integration along the travel paths. For this purpose the velocity distribution within the earth was broken into segments which were represented by continuous functions. Except for rays of grazing incidence to the outer core the times calculated for PKP and PKS are intermediate between the smoothed times given by Jeffreys and times based upon recent observed data. The times calculated for SKS are in fair agreement with the smoothed times given by Jeffreys.
Exploring the Tropically Excited Arctic Warming Mechanism with Station Data: Links between Tropical Convection and Arctic Downward Infrared Radiation

AbstractThe Tropically Excited Arctic Warming (TEAM) mechanism ascribes warming of the Arctic surface to tropical convection, which excites poleward-propagating Rossby wave trains that transport water vapor and heat into the Arctic. A crucial component of the TEAM mechanism is the increase in downward infrared radiation (IR) that precedes the Arctic warming. Previous studies have examined the downward IR associated with the TEAM mechanism using reanalysis data. To corroborate previous findings, this study examines the linkage between tropical convection, Rossby wave trains, and downward IR with Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) downward IR station data. The physical processes that drive changes in the downward IR are also investigated by regressing 300-hPa geopotential height, outgoing longwave radiation, water vapor flux, ERA-Interim downward IR, and other key variables against the BSRN downward IR at Barrow, Alaska, and Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen.Both the Barrow and the Ny-Alesund station downward ...
Too much of a good thing: Board monitoring and R&D investments

Abstract Previous studies report inconsistent findings regarding how board monitoring influences firms' research and development (R&D) intensity. This study uses agency theory and resource dependence theory to argue that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between these two constructs. By using board capital theory, the present study also postulates that this curvilinear relationship varies depending on the firm- and industry-specific human capital of outside directors. 467 firm-year observations collected from a randomly selected sample of large public firms from high-tech industries between 2005 and 2010 largely provide empirical support for these arguments. The findings contribute to the corporate governance literature by refining the understanding of the costs and benefits associated with board monitoring. The curvilinear relationship reported herein may also help reconcile prior inconsistent findings. The results also contribute to board capital theory by emphasizing the role of outside directors' firm-specific human capital in the context of R&D investments.
An empirical evaluation of the editorial practices of social work journals : Voices of authors published in 2000

Abstract The authors of articles published in 22 social work journals during the year 2000 were contacted and asked to complete a survey evaluating their experiences with the editorial review process pertaining to their article. Responses from 207 authors (53% return rate) yielded information regarding the timeliness of editorial communications, the provision and length of editorial communications, the helpfulness of these remarks, the apparent competence of the reviewers, the respect with which the reviewers comments were framed, and the length of time to publication. Results indicated a lack of consistency within the editorial review process across social work journals, and some serious problems with the timeliness and quality of the review process. These findings are consistent with the results of an earlier similar study conducted among authors published in 1998. Implications for improving social work journal editorial review practices are discussed.
Computational Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Functionally Graded Electrodes

Functionally graded electrodes (FGEs) have been recently proposed to show a significant potential to improve the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) as compared to conventional electrodes using a uniform composite layer. A mathematical model is used to mimic the FGE of a SOFC at the micro-scale level. This model is based on a comprehensive approach including the coupled mass transfer and electrochemical reactions in both the anode and cathode of a SOFC during operation. Overpotentials are solved by: the dusty-gas model (DGM) for porous-media transport in the electrodes; the modified Butler-Volmer equations for the electrochemical reactions at the triple phase boundary (TPB) layers; and ohmic law for polarization losses in the electrolyte. The current model makes use of a formulation for the active surface area such that three different kinds of graded electrodes, namely, composition graded, particle size graded, and porosity graded can be properly described. The results are then compared with available experimental data with encouraging results. Additional numerical studies explored optimum parameters for uniform conventional electrodes, the effect of the addition of an anode or cathode interlayer on cell performance, and optimum grading profiles for continuously graded electrodes. The present study reveals that micro-scale graded electrodes have the potential to enhance SOFC efficiency.
Utterance Signaling and Tonal Levels in Dominican Spanish Declaratives and Interrogatives

This paper examines the tonal patterns of sentences in Dominican Spanish produced in response to three pragmatic intents: declaratives, absolute interrogatives, and pronominal interrogatives. The results indicate that there are systematic variations between the three utterance types; however, the final tonal rise was not a determining factor. Distinct patterns of tonal levels distinguished each of the three utterance types. The pronominal interrogatives demonstrated a higher initial tonal value and prenuclear High tone, while the absolute interrogatives presented a significantly higher tonal value for the nuclear pitch accent. These findings identify specific intonational behaviors that vary across dialects of Spanish. Finally, the data indicate that pragmatic utterance level intonational marking of Spanish interrogatives is not limited to boundary tones as was previously suggested in the literature.
Purification of domestic sewage by vertical-flow constructed wetland

The effect of vertical-flow constructed wetland under different hydraulic loading rates,pH value and organic loading rates on domestic sewage purification was investigated.The results showed that,under lower hydraulic loading condition,the removal rate of CODCr maintained up to 70%.When the hydraulic loading rate was 0.15 m3/(m2.d),the removal rate of NH3-N reached the highest-92%.The best purification effect of the vertical-flow constructed wetland was obtained when the pH value was 8.The removal rates of CODCr,NH3-N,TP were 80%,84% and 82% respectively.The removal rate of CODCr was kept above 80% at organic loading rate in range of 22.5-45 g[CODCr]/(m2.d).When the organic loading rate increased to 52.5 g[CODCr]/(m2.d),the CODCr and NH3-N removal efficiency decreased rapidly.Therefore,the suitable influent condition for the vertical-flow constructed wetland were: the hydraulic loading rate was 0.05-0.2 m3/(m2.d),the influent pH value was 7-8,the organic loading rate was 22.5-45 g[CODCr]/(m2.d),and the removal efficiency of CODCr,NH3-N and TP were all satisfactory under the above condition.
Ineffectiveness of Three Added Mold Species to Enhance the Rapid Aging of Beef.

Paired beef short loin sections from four U.S. Good and four U.S. Choice carcasses were used to determine the effects of the mold Thamnidium elegans on cooking and palatability characteristics. The longissimus muscle from each section was treated with mold spores and aged for 2 or 4 d or left untreated and aged for 2 or 14 d at 4°C. Sensory panel ratings revealed that mold treatment had no significant effect (P 0.05) by treatment with T. elegans . Aging untreated meat for 14 d significantly improved (P 0.05) was noted between mold treatments (2 and 4 d) when compared to the 14-d untreated aging, for beef flavor intensity, detectable connective tissue amount, shear and work force values. Significant grade effects were noted with U.S. Choice samples having higher (P<0.05) sensory panel ratings for juiciness and beef flavor intensity, and decreased (P<0.05) ratings for connective tissue amount when compared with U.S. Good samples. The data indicate that treatment of sub-primal cuts with T. elegans has little or no effect on palatability and cooking characteristics.
Novel temperature sensors for SiC–SiC CMC engine components

As more and more SiC–SiC ceramic matrix composites or CMC’s are being used in the hot sections of gas turbine engines, there is a greater need for surface temperature measurement in these harsh conditions. Thin film sensors are ideally suited for this task since they have very small thermal masses and are nonintrusive due to their thickness. However, if the bulk properties of SiC contributed to the sensor performance (thermoelectric response) rather than those of the thin films, superior resolution, and stability could be realized. Therefore, thermocouples utilizing the SiC–SiC CMC itself as one thermoelement and thin film platinum as the other thermoelement were developed. Large and stable thermoelectric powers (as large as 250 μV/°K) were realized with these Pt:SiC (CMC) thermocouples. The advantages in using this approach for surface temperature measurement are presented as well as the effects of fiber orientation on thermoelectric response and drift.
Progress in three-dimensional bioprinting

Manufacturing has historically followed a mass production approach due to economies of scale and the engineering challenges of large-scale customization, leading to a one-size-fits-all paradigm. This manufacturing-centric approach has forced consumers and patients to adapt to medical devices in terms of anatomical fit and biological performance, often significantly decreasing their quality of life. In order to improve the biological interface with the human body, the materials science and bioengineering communities are rapidly adopting three-dimensional (3D) printing, which promises high precision, automation, and a customized fit. However, numerous design and engineering constraints, many posed by the fragile nature of living cells and soft gels, suggest exciting opportunities for further research in materials synthesis, characterization, and integration. Specifically, materials innovations in bioinks and support materials, coupled with improved 3D bioprinting processes for multiple materials, have the potential to empower the next generation of biology by enabling precision engineered tissues, organoids, and eventually whole organs.
Begging and Cooperation: An Exploratory Flight

The study of begging has been dominated by the assumption that it is primarily competitive, limited only by its inherent costs and thus often detrimental to family productivity. Dysfunctional competition supposedly exists because siblings are only partially related to each other and their parents, making conflicts of interest inevitable. We examine these issues from the perspective of multilevel selection theory, which partitions selection into within- and between-group components. Although it is certainly possible that major features of begging have evolved by within-group selection, the evidence is not strong and frequently is not presented in a way that facilitates comparison of within-versus between-group selection. Partial relatedness does not inevitably lead to within-group selection, which can be suppressed by mechanisms known to exist in other animal groups. We conclude that group-level functionality of bird begging needs to be reconsidered from an explicitly multilevel evolutionary perspective.
Famously Anonymous Artistic Outlaws: The Negotiation of Dual Identities Among Former Graffiti Writers

ABSTRACTGraffiti artists must establish a second, anonymous identity that is managed alongside each writer’s “real” self. This study explores the negotiation of these dual identities—one actual, the other virtual—by investigating the management of these identities through retirement. Results reveal that identity making is a collective practice, even for anonymous artists. Participants described a hierarchical graffiti world where invisible social relations are used to establish understanding of the self as a writer. Stealth graffiti artists breach one set of rules but strictly adhere to another set. Even anonymous identities are socially embedded and reflect a politics of belonging. Writer identities can be retired by either integrating them into a public self or transcended through complete role exit.
The Role of the Hippocampus in Predicting Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Recently Traumatized Civilians.

Abstract Background Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in recent trauma survivors is important for early interventions. Impaired inhibition of fear or behavioral responses is thought to be central to PTSD symptomatology, but its role in predicting PTSD is unknown. Here we examine whether brain function during response inhibition early after a civilian trauma can predict future PTSD symptoms. Methods Participants (original sample, n = 27; replication sample, n = 31) were recruited in the emergency department within 24 hours of trauma exposure. PTSD symptoms were assessed in the emergency department and 1, 3, and 6 months posttrauma. A Go/NoGo procedure in a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner was used to measure neural correlates of response inhibition 1 to 2 months posttrauma. Elastic net regression was used to define the most optimal model to predict PTSD symptoms at 3 and 6 months among demographic, clinical, and imaging measures. Results Less hippocampal activation was a significant predictor in the model predicting PTSD symptoms at 3 months ( F 11,22 = 4.33, p = .01) and 6 months ( F 9,19 = 4.96, p = .01). Other significant predictors in the model were race and pain level in the emergency department (3 months), and race and baseline depression symptoms (6 months). Using these predictors in a linear regression in the replication sample again resulted in significant models (3 months [ F 3,23 = 3.03, p = .05], 6 months [ F 3,20 = 5.74, p = .007]) with hippocampal activation predicting PTSD symptoms at 3 and 6 months. Conclusions Decreased inhibition-related hippocampal activation soon after trauma predicted future PTSD symptom severity. This finding may contribute to early identification of at-risk individuals and reveals potential targets for intervention or symptom prevention in the aftermath of trauma.
A hyperactive variant of theEscherichia colianaerobic transcription factor FNR enhances ionizing radiation resistance

We have previously generated four replicate populations of ionizing radiation (IR)-resistant Escherichia coli though directed evolution. Sequencing of isolates from these populations revealed that mutations affecting DNA repair (through DNA double-strand break repair and replication restart), ROS amelioration, and cell wall metabolism were prominent. Three mutations involved in DNA repair explained the IR resistance phenotype in one population, and similar DNA repair mutations were prominent in two others. The remaining population, IR-3-20, had no mutations in the key DNA repair proteins, suggesting that it had taken a different evolutionary path to IR resistance. Here, we present evidence that a variant of the anaerobic metabolism transcription factor FNR isolated from population IR-3-20 can play a role in IR resistance. An FNR variant is unique to IR-3-20 and suggests a role for altered global metabolism through the FNR regulon as a means for experimentally-evolved IR resistance.
Properties of biomedical foams for tissue engineering applications

Abstract: Over the last decade, there has been a significant progress towards the development of foams, or porous scaffolds, for a wide variety of biomedical applications. The manipulation of material chemistry and processing technologies allows for the design of tailor-made devices with peculiar mechanical morphological and functional properties for different applications. Here, we propose a complete review of materials recently used in the development of biomedical foams highlighting the relevance of some properties such as degradability or mechanical properties on the suitability of foams for the repair and regeneration strategies.
Interval Trees and Generalized Cantor Sets

This elementary chapter applies the nested intervals theorem to obtain base expansion of real numbers via trees of uniformly subdivided nested closed intervals, with detailed illustrations for ternary expansions. The construction of the Cantor set is then generalized to Cantor systems (systems of nested intervals indexed by binary trees), to formally introduce generalized Cantor sets.
Artificial Neural Networks for Nonlinear Control of Industrial Processes

In this paper, the state-of-the-art methodology for model identification and control of fluid injection into petroleum reservoir is presented. The methodology uses several techniques: Dynamic Neural Network Control (DNNC) network structure, neuro-statistical (neural network, conventional statistical, and non-parametric statistical such as ACE; Alternative Conditional Expectation) techniques, Geometric Model-Based Control Strategy, and stability analysis techniques such as Liapunov theory. In this study, the DNNC model is used because it is much easier to update and adapt the network on-line. The neuro-statistical technique is used because the model can deal with uncertainty in data. The neuro-statistical model uses neural network techniques, since the functional structure of the data is unknown and uses statistical technique because the data and our requirements are imperfect. In addition, this technique in conjunction with Levenberge-Marquardt algorithm can be used as a more robust technique for network training and optimization purposes. The ACE technique is used for scaling the network’s input-output data and can be used to find the input structure of the network. The result from Liapunov theory is used to find optimal neural network structure. In addition, a special neural network structure is used to insure the stability of the network for long-term prediction. In this model, the current information from the input layer is presented into a pseudo hidden layer. This model minimizes not only the conventional error in the output layer but also minimizes the filtered value of the output. This technique is a tradeoff between the accuracy of the actual and filtered prediction which will result in the stability of the long-term prediction of the network model. In this paper, an optimal neural network controller will be designed for a well-head controller for steam injection into low permeability petroleum reservoirs for oil displacement.
Cumulative Prevalence of Onset and Recurrence of Child Maltreatment Reports.

Objective We estimated cumulative probabilities of onset and recurrences of child maltreatment reports from birth to age 11 years. Estimates were provided overall and within subcategories of race/ethnicity, sex, and subtype. Method We developed synthetic life tables from national Child Protective Services records (2003−2016) and Census data. Although 28 states and the District of Columbia were used for estimates due to data quality, sensitivity analyses suggest that our estimates may be very similar to national estimates, with very minor underestimation. Results The probability of having at least “X-number” of maltreatment reports by age 12 years was 32.41% for 1 report, 13.71% for 2 reports, 7.57% for 3 reports, 4.50% for reports, 2.80% for 5 reports, and 1.79% for 6 reports. Children with more prior reports were more likely to have future reports. The risk increased from 42.31% when having 1 prior report to 64.01% when having 5 prior reports. Asian/Pacific Islanders showed exceptionally lower onset and recurring rates than others. Individuals of nonwhite ethnicity (African American/black, Native American, and Hispanic) had higher onset rates than white individuals. Once initially reported, however, white persons had generally slightly higher rates of recurrence than nonwhite persons. Neglect was the most frequent subtype in both onset and recurring reports. No practical difference existed in overall onset and recurring rates by sex. Conclusion Many United States children experience reported maltreatment, and many experience repeated or chronic maltreatment. The increased risk of recurring with more prior reports suggests preventive efforts for serially reported children. The large racial disparity at the onset stage disappears at the recurring stages, suggesting interventions prior to the onset.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR REFRIGERATOR

Waste heat recovery is very important now a day due to energy crisis. All domestic refrigerators use air cooled –finned condenser on backside. As domestic refrigerators reject large heat inside room which make us uncomfortable in summer due to temperature rise inside the room. So it is now essential to reject this heat outside the room or utilize it for different purposes. So energy can be saved. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized. From experimental work carried out in laboratory as mentioned in this paper heat is recovered by increase in temperature of insulated hot box which may be utilized for keeping food and beverages warm, to warm water which may be feed water or other domestic applications such as washing utensils etc. Waste heat recovery from a domestic refrigerator cycle experiment system is presented in this work. Preliminary calculations showed that, without consuming extra electric power, hot box of about at 55oC- 60oC can be generated by the recovered heat from such domestic refrigerator.
Predictors of Clostridioides difficile recurrence across a national cohort of veterans in outpatient, acute, and long-term care settings.

PURPOSE The greatest challenge in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is disease recurrence, which occurs in about 20% of patients, usually within 30 days of treatment cessation. We sought to identify independent predictors of first recurrence among a national cohort of veterans with CDI. METHODS We conducted a case-control study among acute and long-term care Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatients and outpatients with a first CDI episode (positive stool sample for C. difficile toxin[s] and receipt of at least 2 days of CDI treatment) between 2010 and 2014. Cases experienced first recurrence within 30 days from the end of treatment. Controls were those without first recurrence matched 4:1 to cases on year, facility, and severity. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify predictors of first recurrence. RESULTS We identified 32 predictors of first recurrence among 974 cases and 3,896 matched controls. Significant predictors included medication use prior to (probiotics, fluoroquinolones, laxatives, third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins), during (first- or second-generation cephalosporins, penicillin/amoxicillin/ampicillin, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins), and after CDI treatment (probiotics, any antibiotic, proton pump inhibitors [PPIs], and immunosuppressants). Other predictors included current biliary tract disease, malaise/fatigue, cellulitis/abscess, solid organ cancer, medical history of HIV, multiple myeloma, abdominal pain, and ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION In a large national cohort of outpatient and acute and long-term care inpatients, treatment with certain antibiotics, PPIs, immunosuppressants, and underlying disease were among the most important risk factors for first CDI recurrence.
Photonic crystallization of two-dimensional MoS2 for stretchable photodetectors.

Low temperature synthesis of high quality two-dimensional (2D) materials directly on flexible substrates remains a fundamental limitation towards scalable realization of robust flexible electronics possessing the unique physical properties of atomically thin structures. Herein, we describe room temperature sputtering of uniform, stoichiometric amorphous MoS2 and subsequent large area (>6.25 cm2) photonic crystallization of 5 nm 2H-MoS2 films in air to enable direct, scalable fabrication of ultrathin 2D photodetectors on stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The lateral photodetector devices demonstrate an average responsivity of 2.52 μW A−1 and a minimum response time of 120 ms under 515.6 nm illumination. Additionally, the surface wrinkled, or buckled, PDMS substrate with conformal MoS2 retained the photoconductive behavior at tensile strains as high as 5.72% and over 1000 stretching cycles. The results indicate that the photonic crystallization method provides a significant advancement in incorporating high quality semiconducting 2D materials applied directly on polymer substrates for wearable and flexible electronic systems.
Abstract 1996: Epigenetic reactivation of BAI1/ADGRB1 suppresses tumor invasion by preventing TGFβ1-induced mesenchymal switch in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of malignant brain tumor in adults. GBM cells are highly invasive and diffusely infiltrate throughout the brain, which strongly restricts multimodal therapies. Acquiring a better knowledge of molecular defects underlying GBM invasion is essential for the development of effective therapies. Brain-specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 1 (BAI1/ADGRB1) is a transmembrane receptor of the adhesion GPCR family widely expressed in normal brain, but its expression is lost in the majority of glioblastoma through epigenetic silencing and restoration of its expression can inhibit glioma growth (Zhu D. et al, Cancer Res, 2012). Recently, we reported that BAI1 protects p53 from Mdm2-mediated degradation and regulate tumor growth in medulloblastoma (Zhu D. et al, Cancer Cell, 2018). However, it is unclear whether BAI1 loss is important for tumor invasion and the mesenchymal phenotype in GBM. Microarray analysis of the GBM TCGA dataset revealed that low BAI1 mRNA expression correlates with poor outcome and with expression of many key mesenchymal genes, including Fibronectin1, SLUG, and TWIST1. Restoration of BAI1 expression in human GBM cells suppresses mesenchymal gene expression in culture, and dramatically decreases brain tumor invasion in mice xenografts. Mechanistically, we found that the N-terminal thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR#1) of BAI1 inhibits the maturation process of TGFβ1, a key growth factor involved in EMT. BAI1 is silenced epigenetically in GBM cells by methylated CpG-binding protein MBD2, and its expression can be reactivated by KCC-07, a blood-brain barrier permeable MBD2 inhibitor. We found that restoration of BAI1 expression by KCC-07 treatment dramatically reduced tumor cell invasion in orthotopic xenografts model of GBM cells. These experiments demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of BAI1 is important for activation of the GBM invasive phenotype through TGFβ1 pathway activation. Epigenetic targeting of this process by KCC-07 can reduce GBM invasion and improve patient survival. Citation Format: Satoru Osuka, Liquan Yang, Dan Zhu, Hideharu Hashimoto, Narra S. Devi, Erwin G. Van Meir. Epigenetic reactivation of BAI1/ADGRB1 suppresses tumor invasion by preventing TGFβ1-induced mesenchymal switch in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1996.
Learning New Tricks From Old Dogs: Multi-Source Transfer Learning From Pre-Trained Networks

The advent of deep learning algorithms for mobile devices and sensors has led to a dramatic expansion in the availability and number of systems trained on a wide range of machine learning tasks, creating a host of opportunities and challenges in the realm of transfer learning. Currently, most transfer learning methods require some kind of control over the systems learned, either by enforcing constraints during the source training, or through the use of a joint optimization objective between tasks that requires all data be co-located for training. However, for practical, privacy, or other reasons, in a variety of applications we may have no control over the individual source task training, nor access to source training samples. Instead we only have access to features pre-trained on such data as the output of "black-boxes.'' For such scenarios, we consider the multi-source learning problem of training a classifier using an ensemble of pre-trained neural networks for a set of classes that have not been observed by any of the source networks, and for which we have very few training samples. We show that by using these distributed networks as feature extractors, we can train an effective classifier in a computationally-efficient manner using tools from (nonlinear) maximal correlation analysis. In particular, we develop a method we refer to as maximal correlation weighting (MCW) to build the required target classifier from an appropriate weighting of the feature functions from the source networks. We illustrate the effectiveness of the resulting classifier on datasets derived from the CIFAR-100, Stanford Dogs, and Tiny ImageNet datasets, and, in addition, use the methodology to characterize the relative value of different source tasks in learning a target task.
The role of vintage hardware in motivating today's computer science students

Computer Science students in today's colleges are often young adults born in the late 1990s. Most have never handwritten letters on paper to friends and relatives. Many have never had the chance to see a typewriter in use, except perhaps in a movie. It should go without saying that very few have ever used a floppy disk, Zip Drive, magnetic tape or other older forms of storage. Even fewer have seen or used a punch card or a computer that uses core memory. Technology has evolved to the point where miniaturization and globalization, working in tandem, often prevent the student from encountering these older technologies. Because of this, they do not understand the value of studying computer organization and computer architecture. Progress in any field can only be truly understood and measured if we have a historical perspective of how much we have progressed, and that itself is a recursive definition! In this paper, we provide our insights on teaching Computer Science courses by the gentle introduction of historical achievements, nostalgic moments, and once groundbreaking technological advances that are now often seen as obsolete.
Ocular and brain imaging findings in Peters' anomaly: A case report and literature review.

Abstract Peters’ anomaly is a rare congenital eye condition characterized by anterior segment dysgenesis and commonly presents as unilateral or bilateral corneal opacity in the early neonatal period. Peters’ anomaly is often associated with congenital brain and skull abnormalities, which are frequently overlooked. In this paper, we present a case of a 5-day-old female neonate with Peters’ anomaly, and review the literature for similar reports that describe associated brain imaging findings. In our case, imaging studies show abnormalities involving the anterior segments of both globes with absent intracranial manifestations. Although Peters’ anomaly is a condition of interest for ophthalmologists, radiological studies should be performed, and neuroradiologists should be aware of the imaging findings associated with this rare entity.
“Nderit Ware” and the origins of pastoralist pottery in eastern Africa

Abstract “Nderit Ware,” a type of pottery famous in eastern Africa for its remarkably intricate basket-like bowls, is associated with evidence for the region's earliest pastoralism during a time period known as the Pastoral Neolithic (PN, c. 5000-1200 cal BP). This paper reviews the changing ways archaeologists have conceptualized “Nderit” pottery over the past eighty years. The “Nderit” ware type was defined in relation to initial finds in central Kenya, decades before archaeologists discovered Nderit had greater antiquity as a technology/artistic tradition in northwest Kenya's Turkana Basin. Ceramic assemblages from pillar sites surrounding Lake Turkana – including Lothagam North (GeJi9) and Jarigole (GbJj1) – reveal a more variable and complex history of ceramic production and use than previously recognized. Nderit's first known production and use is associated with the region's earliest food producers, mobile pastoralists establishing themselves around a dramatically shrinking Lake Turkana. These findings carry important implications for reconstructing the cultural history and material lives of early herding groups moving within and beyond the Turkana Basin, and expand our frame of reference for understanding the origins of pottery production by mobile, small-scale groups worldwide.
Towards the design of a Conceptual Framework for the operation of Intensive Care Units based on Big Data Analysis

The development of Big Data Analytics (BDA) technology and the maturity of the Machine Learning (ML) sector offer great opportunities for applications in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This paper describes a Conceptual Framework and proposes its use in designing architectures and big data applications in ICUs. The Conceptual Framework is based on BDA,MLNatural Language Processing (NLP) and consists of the following subsystems: The "Big Data Integration and ICUs" module, the "ICUs and critical care services" module, the "Use of standards and ICUs" module, the "Machine Learning and ICUs" module, and the “NLP and ICUs” module. The framework is developed using Soft System Methodology (SSM) and Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM).
Fabrication and characterization of titanium-alloy 3D printed solenoid inductors and their sensor applications

Recent progress in 3D printing has brought many interests in developing functional devices in various applications by enabling the exploration of complex 3D structures. This paper presents the first fully metal printed standalone 3D solenoid microinductors using a high-power laser with a biocompatible Ti-alloy. Fine powder-based 6AL-4V Eli Titanium was directly printed using an automated gantry laser system with 60 µm resolution to form the inductors without any substrate. A substrate-less 10-turn solenoid as a testbed was printed out and characterized, and additional designs of 20 and 40 turn inductors were further explored. The wire of the inductor was designed to have a 700-micron square cross-section and a winding gap of 300 microns. The successfully fabricated 10-turn titanium-alloy solenoid inductor showed an average inductance of 130 nH, a low-frequency resistance of 0.8 ohms at 0.3 MHz, and a quality factor of 10.5 at 30 MHz respectively. Additional electrodeposition of copper to the 10-turn inductor demonstrated process compatibility with the conventional micromachining process. The standalone inductor printing method saves a significant volume from where the conventional substrate dimensions often take more than the volume of the device. Also, the standalone inductor can directly be used as a sensor device. Examples of force-displacement sensing applications were presented using the 10-turn and 19-turn round edge solenoid inductors.
57. RAPT score as a predictor of nonhome discharge after adult spinal deformity surgery

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Discharge location is an important step in the continuum of care for adults who undergo surgery for spinal deformity (ASD). Insight into which patients are at risk for nonhome discharge (acute rehabilitation and skilled nursing facility [SNF]) is essential for preoperative planning and counseling. The Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) score has been demonstrated to be a predictor of nonhome discharges following orthopedic and general surgery operations, but has not been evaluated in a cohort of ASD patients. PURPOSE To assess factors, including RAPT score, predictive of nonhome discharges following ASD operations. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort analysis. PATIENT SAMPLE Adult patients who underwent thoracolumbar instrumented fusions to the pelvis for ASD at a single institution (1/2019-1/2020) were retrospectively reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES See Methods section below. METHODS Patient demographics, including preoperative RAPT metrics (scale 1-12), hospital length of stay (LOS), operative details (revision vs primary, anterior vs anterior-posterior, type of interbodies, 3-column osteotomy [3CO]), and complications (total, major, minor) were compared between patients discharged home and nonhome using Chi-squared statistics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using linear regression to determine relative risk of nonhome discharge. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for RAPT score and nonhome discharge was also determined. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients (average age: 68±9 years; female-64; average RAPT score 8.6±2.2) were analyzed. Operations were characterized by the following: average number of levels fused 11±3, revisions 54%, anterior-posterior 70%, 3CO 23%. Average hospital LOS was 8.5±3.6 days. The majority of patients (75.8%) had nonhome discharges. Patients discharged to rehab/SNF had significantly lower total RAPT scores (8.3 v. 9.6; p=0.016), more advanced age (70±8 v. 63±11; p=0.0052), and higher Charlson comorbidity indices (CCI; 3.6±1.5 v. 2.5±1.7; p=0.0014) compared to home discharges. On univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with nonhome discharge were age (particularly >60 years) (RR 1.094; 95%CI 1.035-1.163; p=0.0024), higher CCI (RR 1.730; 95%CI 1.214-2.621; p=0.005), total # levels fused (RR 1.244; 95%CI 1.026-1.599; p=0.047), and lower RAPT scores (RR 0.710; 95%CI 0.528-0.914; p=0.014). A RAPT score CONCLUSIONS Nonhome discharges (rehab/SNF) after ASD operations are common. Of the 4 factors associated with nonhome discharges (elderly age, higher CCI, greater total number of levels fused, lower preoperative RAPT score), a RAPT score FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Controlling distributed energy resources via deep reinforcement learning for load flexibility and energy efficiency

Abstract Behind-the-meter distributed energy resources (DERs), including building solar photovoltaic (PV) technology and electric battery storage, are increasingly being considered as solutions to support carbon reduction goals and increase grid reliability and resiliency. However, dynamic control of these resources in concert with traditional building loads, to effect efficiency and demand flexibility, is not yet commonplace in commercial control products. Traditional rule-based control algorithms do not offer integrated closed-loop control to optimize across systems, and most often, PV and battery systems are operated for energy arbitrage and demand charge management, and not for the provision of grid services. More advanced control approaches, such as MPC control have not been widely adopted in industry because they require significant expertise to develop and deploy. Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) offer a promising option to optimize the operation of DER systems and building loads with reduced setup effort. However, there are limited studies that evaluate the efficacy of these methods to control multiple building subsystems simultaneously. Additionally, most of the research has been conducted in simulated environments as opposed to real buildings. This paper proposes a DRL approach that uses a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm for integrated control of HVAC and electric battery storage systems in the presence of on-site PV generation. The DRL algorithm, trained on synthetic data, was deployed in a physical test building and evaluated against a baseline that uses the current best-in-class rule-based control strategies. Performance in delivering energy efficiency, load shift, and load shed was tested using price-based signals. The results showed that the DRL-based controller can produce cost savings of up to 39.6% as compared to the baseline controller, while maintaining similar thermal comfort in the building. The project team has also integrated the simulation components developed during this work as an OpenAIGym environment and made it publicly available so that prospective DRL researchers can leverage this environment to evaluate alternate DRL algorithms.
Improving the content validity of the Trauma and Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey (TRACES) and the Child and Adolescent PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (CAPC-5): A collaborative research methodological approach.

OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to improve the content validity of the Trauma and Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey (TRACES) and the Child and Adolescent PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (CAPC-5). METHOD Two community-based collaborative research methods were used-cognitive interviewing and focus groups. Three rounds of cognitive interviews included a racially and economically diverse sample of 12 trauma-exposed youth and 12 caregivers. Three focus groups involved 19 clinicians with diverse disciplines and years of practice. Modifications to the measures were made after each round of interviews and after completion of all focus groups. RESULTS Both methods provided beneficial information about issues with the measures. Feedback from youth, caregivers, and clinicians was distinct, though data across groups generally converged. Improvements were made to the measures in multiple areas, such as instructions and clarity. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating feedback from multiple stakeholders increased the content validity of the TRACES and CAPC-5. Collaborative research methods provide a trauma-informed initial step in the development of assessment measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Shock Density in Burgers’ Turbulence

Expected density of shock fronts in 1-D Burgers turbulence is evaluated for stationary initial velocity potential data. It decreases with time as t −α (1/2 ≤ α < ∞). A new interpretation of α is given.
d-Serine Dehydratase from Escherichia coli II. ANALYTICAL STUDIES AND SUBUNIT STRUCTURE

Abstract An improved procedure which permits large scale preparation of crystalline d-serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.14) from Escherichia coli is described. The homogeneous holoenzyme has an extinction coefficient (E280 nm1%) of 10.5 in potassium phosphate, pH 6.5 to 7.8, a specific activity of 300, and contains a single peptide chain with a molecular weight near 45,500 as indicated by sedimentation equilibrium measurements of either native or reduced and carboxymethylated enzyme, acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, quantitative determination of the NH2-terminal amino acid (methionine), and the results of tryptic peptide mapping. One combining site for pyridoxal-P is present per molecule as determined by direct analysis of the holoenzyme for pyridoxal-P, by spectrophotometric titration of the apoenzyme with pyridoxal-P, and by isolation of e-N-pyridoxyllysine from hydrolysates of the sodium borohydride-reduced holoenzyme. The enzyme contains 5 half-cystine residues and no disulfide linkages. Only one of the five sulfhydryl groups is titrated by 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the holoenzyme; in the apoenzyme three —SH groups are titrated by either p-chloromercuribenzoate or DTNB. These three groups react with DTNB at markedly different rates (0.54, 0.081, and 0.0033 min-1) under the conditions tested. Individually, none of the three —SH groups appears necessary for activity; however, reaction of two or more with DTNB inactivates the apoenzyme completely by preventing its reassociation with pyridoxal-P.