cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic depth profiles of magnetic multilayers Fe/Si and Fe/W using polarized neutron reflectometry

Abstract We have studied the magnetic properties and roughness at interfaces of sputtered magnetic multilayers Fe/Si and Fe/W, employing a newly developed magnetic profile refinement program for polarized neutron reflectivity data. This modeling demonstrates the capability to measure magnetic moment depth profiles near interfaces quantitatively.
Social Dominance Relationships Between Previously Unacquainte Male and Female Squirrel Monkey

The present experiment had two major goals: to determine the social dominance structure among previously unacquainted adult squirrel monkeys of both sexes, and to examine the changes from nonsocial behavioral levels produced by social partners of differing sex and dominance status. Five male and five female squirrel monkeys, housed individually, were first given a series of nonsocial adaptation trials in a novel drinking situation. Their latencies of first drink and of accumulation of 15-sec. of drinking, as well as total drinking and locomotion frequencies and durations, were recorded during these trials. A series of social dominance trials, in which all 45 possible pairs of monkeys were observed, was then administered in the same drinking situation. During these social trials the previously adapted monkeys were scored under the condition of competition for a water incentive. The dominance status of each animal was determined by noting the monkey in each
What is the Need for Additional Bladder Surgery After Bladder Augmentation in Childhood

Purpose: Bladder augmentation has revolutionized the care of children with a neuropathic bladder but it remains a major surgical procedure. However, the need for subsequent bladder surgery has not been well defined in a large series with long-term followup.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of the first 500 bladder augmentations performed from 1978 to 2003 at our institution. Charts were reviewed for complications requiring additional surgery, including malignancy, bladder perforation, repeat augmentation, bowel obstruction and bladder calculi. Mean and median followup was 13.3 years.Results: Complications occurred in 169 patients (34%) resulting in a total of 254 surgeries. The cumulative risk of further surgery at the bladder level was 0.04 operations per patient per year of augmentation. Three patients (0.6%) had transitional cell carcinoma, of whom all presented with metastatic disease and died. Bladder perforation occurred in 43 patients (8.6%) with a total of 53 events. O...
Understanding the spectrum of residential energy consumption: A quantile regression approach

Abstract Residential energy consumption accounts for 22% of the total energy consumption in the US. However, the impacts of local planning policies, such as increasing density and changing the housing type mix, on residential energy consumption are not well understood. Using Residential Energy Consumption Survey Data from the Energy Information Administration, quantile regression analysis was used to tease out the effects of various factors on entire distribution on the energy consumption spectrum instead of focusing on the conditional average. Results show that while housing size matters for space conditioning, housing type has a more nuanced impact. Self-reported neighborhood density does not seem to have any impact on energy use. Furthermore, the effects of these factors at the tails of the energy use distribution are substantially different than the average, in some cases differing by a factor of six. Some, not all, types of multifamily housing offer almost as much savings as reduction in housing area by 100 m 2 , compared to single family houses.
Antibody coated erythrocytes as a manifold probe for antigens.

A variety of antigens can be coupled to erythrocytes and these antigen coated erythrocytes (Ag-E) are widely used for the detection of the corresponding antibody1. In principle, if erythrocytes were coated with antibody, these antibody-coated erythrocytes (Ab-E) would be useful for the detection of the corresponding antigen. Ag-E and Ab-E should exhibit parallel reversed immunological phenomena, for example, whereas Ag-E are agglutinated and lysed by antibody, Ab-E should be agglutinated and lysed by antigen; whereas Ag-E are antibody reactive, Ab-E should be antigen reactive. To test this prediction, we attached various antibodies, purified from antisera by using immunosorbents2, to sheep erythrocytes by the chromium chloride method3. These Ab-E were tested with the corresponding antigens by agglutination, haemolysis and immunocytoadhesion methods.
Estimation of the dynamical properties of polyurethane foam through use of Prony series

A system identification procedure is formulated for estimation of parameters associated with a dynamic model of a single-degree-of-freedom foam-mass system. The foam is modelled as a linear viscoelastic material, whose constitutive law is expressed by an exponential hereditary relaxation kernel. The identification procedure is based on modelling the free response of the system as a Prony series (sum of exponentials terms) and fitting this Prony series to the data. This estimated response model is then utilized to estimate the parameters in the system model based on an explicit solution of the model. The procedure is analyzed for its reliability under different sources of error and uncertainties, such as the presence of weak components and experimental noise, and some modifications are evaluated to improve the robustness of the procedure. Finally, the procedure is applied to experimental data to obtain relevant stiffness, viscous and viscoelastic parameters associated with the system. Variations in values of these parameters as a function of static compression are also investigated.
Increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity in simplex and multiplex families with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To determine if the prevalence of autoimmunity among relatives of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is greater than that among relatives of healthy volunteer control subjects. Methods Interviews were used to obtain histories of the following disorders among living first- and second-degree relatives of 110 patients and 45 controls: alopecia areata, ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, iritis, JRA, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vitiligo. Chi-squares, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Families of 23 JRA affected sibpairs were interviewed subsequently. Results There were no significant differences between patients and controls with regard to age, sex, ethnicity, or family size. Patients had 1,228 relatives and controls had 496 relatives. Of all the relatives of the patients, 155 had at least 1 autoimmune disorder, compared with 20 relatives of the controls (12.6% versus 4.0%; OR 3.4 [95% CI 2.1–5.7], P < 0.000001). The prevalence of autoimmunity was increased in first-degree and in second-degree relatives of patients (16.1% and 10.6%, respectively). The prevalence of Hashimoto thyroiditis was significantly higher in the relatives of patients (OR 3.5 [95% CI 1.6–7.9], P = 0.0008). The prevalences of other disorders were not significantly different. JRA affected sibpair families had an increased prevalence of autoimmunity (15.0%). A history of arthritis was found significantly more frequently in the JRA affected sibpair families, but not in the simplex families. Conclusion These data demonstrate that the prevalence of autoimmunity is significantly higher among first- and second-degree relatives of JRA patients. This suggests that clinically different autoimmune phenotypes may share common susceptibility genes, which may act as risk factors for autoimmunity.
SU‐GG‐T‐547: Optimization and Evaluation of Accuracy of Harvesting Backscattering Electrons Technique

Purpose: The applicability of harvesting backscattering electron for treatment of superficial small lesions of skin, oral cavity and rectum as described by Das et al., IJROBP, 33, 695, 1995 requires additional modification for the scattering angle optimization. The scattering angle by positioning the external scattering foil relative the irradiated surface is studied for scattering angle optimization for harvesting backscattering electrons. Method and Materials:Backscatter electrons were achieved from the primary electron beams of 6 MeV from a Varian accelerator. The chamber response as a function of lead foil as well as a chamber position angle was studied. The primary electrons were scattered off lead foil placed 120 cm from the source. A parallel plate ion chamber was placed 20 cm from foil. Results:Backscatter electrons have wide angular spread. The dose profile versus scattering angle showed a plateau that peaks around 30–60 degree. The chamber response was dependent on the lead angle with dose variation of 10–20% from chamber angle. It was found that the orientation of the chamber was optimum at 45–60 deg. This provides opportunity to optimize and harvest electrons for clinical use. Conclusion: The dose uniformity could be achieved for lead orientation angle from 30 to 60 deg. The prescription dose to 80 or 90% isodose can compensate the angular dependence of targeting point (chamber position), that will decrease influence of small variations in targeting area orientation. There is a maximum in delivered dose in the dependence of the foil orientation for a given position of targeting area. Although there are individual trend in the dependence of the chamber response of the lead position for each chamber position. However, the optimal angle of 60 deg for lead foil can be recommended. Additional work using Monte Carlo simulation for the optimization of foil angle is being carried out.
The contractual alternative to patents

Abstract A patent grants the holder a monopoly over the use of the patented invention for a specified time period. Although economists are generally opposed to monopoly, there seems to be a general consensus that the patent system is desirable.1 The rationale for the patent system is that without ownership rights in inventions, there would not be optimal allocation of resources to inventive activities, just as with any other valuable resource over which there are not well-defined property rights. However, the patent system, since it confers monopoly rights, has its drawbacks as well. If independent parties are working simultaneously toward an invention, the first to produce the invention will receive a monopoly over its use, even though others may have been only a month behind. This may encourage inventors to work too intensively toward a patent, and could also have the effect of producing monopoly in a market that was characterized by competition before the patent was issued. In addition, competitors have an incentive to develop substitute processes to avoid infringement of the patent, when the use of the patented process would be more economical. A substitute for patents which provides ownership rights in an invention without governmental grant of a monopoly is the trade secret. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and develop the idea of the law of trade secrets as a contractual alternative to patents.
An in vitro study of various commercially available bulk-type laxatives I. Swelling properties and gel textures†

A study of the swelling properties and gel textures in distilled water, sodium chloride solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, artificial gastric juice, and artificial intestinal juice has been made on 24 commercially available bulk-type laxatives representing the various types now on the marker. The data collected are presented.
ETIS -- Efficient Trust and Identity Management System for Federated Service Providers

With the expectation of ever-increasing network of service providers due to Cloud and Web services explosion, security of user information is a major concern when it comes to the implementation of these services. This paper addresses the issue of identity management in a typical service providers' environment without the need for a trusted third party to federate the user identity for acquainted service providers. We leverage the establishment of trust between cross-domain service providers (SPs) to themselves rather than relying on a third party that brokers the trust between service providers. The hence formed network of SPs is then ready to facilitate a typical identity management scenario like a single-sign-on (SSO). We also propose a graph optimization algorithm that reduces the number of edges (connections between SPs) to reduce the overall communication in the network of SPs. We also report on our implementation and some performance study in terms of the communication overhead involved among SPs.
Efficacy of methylcellulose and loperamide in managing fecal incontinence.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of methylcellulose (Citrucel®) and loperamide (Imodium®) in managing fecal incontinence by comparing cure rates with expectant management. Design. Prospective controlled study. Setting. Urogynecology clinic in a university hospital. Population. Sixty-nine women with fecal incontinence. Methods. All incontinent women received one heaping tablespoon of methylcellulose twice a day, which was increased to two heaping tablespoons twice a day as needed. If the incontinence persisted after taking the maximum dose of methylcellulose for two weeks, loperamide, one capsule twice a day was added, which was increased to two capsules three times a day as needed. If both fecal urgency and incontinence resolved, the therapy was continued for a three-month treatment period. Women, who declined the proposed treatment and did not undergo any other therapy during the subsequent eight weeks, served as controls. A subject or control was considered cured if she stated that her incontinence w...
Numerical simulation of supersonic and hypersonic turbulent compression corner flows using relaxation models

Relaxation turbulence eddy viscosity models are incorporated to solve the complete Navier-Stokes equations for supersonic and hypersonic flows over a two-dimensional compression corner. The system of equations is solved by a time-split, second-order accurate numerical scheme. Details of relaxation process are studied, and several relaxation models are tested and compared. Good improvement in the prediction of upstream pressure propagation is obtained for a Mach number of 2.96, and Reynolds number of 10,000,000, with wedge angle of 25 deg. However, the application of the relaxation models to hypersonic flow at Mach number 8.66 and Reynolds number of 22,000,000, with highly cooled wall, shows unfavorable effects on heat transfer and skin friction in the reattachment and recompression regions.
Attentional mechanisms associated with repressive distancing

Abstract This research explores the role of attentional shift and disengagement in repressive distancing. During a target-detection task in which emotional and neutral facial expressions were used as cues, participants received performance feedback intended to elicit a negative emotional reaction that rendered the task either threatening or not threatening to self-concept. When the task was perceived to threaten self-concept, repressors distanced themselves by rapidly disengaging their attention from the facial expressions rather than by slowly shifting or not shifting their attention to the facial expressions. Attentional disengagement was accompanied by sympathetic nervous system activity suggestive of a defense response. This research provides further insight into the nature and consequences of the interplay of dispositional tendencies, situational contexts, and higher order cognitive influences in attentional behavior.
Piagetian Cognitive Functioning in Students With Learning Disabilities

This study investigated the cognitive abilities as measured by the Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks (IPDT) (Furth, 1970) of male and female fourth and fifth graders with learning disabilities. In addition, their cognitive abilities were compared to their reading and mathematics achievement, as measured by the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) (Dunn & Markwardt, 1970). A two-way analysis of covariance revealed a significant mean difference in cognitive ability between students with learning disabilities and nondisabled students. No significant differences existed in performance between males and females. Multiple regression showed that a linear combination of reading and mathematics achievement yielded a significant positive correlation to cognitive ability.
Chance-Constrained Financing as a Response to Financial Risk

The results of a recent survey suggest that many decision makers view financial risk in a safety-first context. Imposing safety-first chance constraints on potential financial ratios or flows can be difficult with traditional methods. This is particularly true with financial ratios when both the numerator and denominator are random and are affected by endogenous decisions. A model and numerical example are presented which enforce probabilistic or chance constraints upon potential debt/asset ratios in a multiperiod linear program. The model can be easily modified to probabilistically constrain alternative financial performance measures such as current ratios, working ratios, or cash flows.
Effect of Volatilization on the Conduction Behavior of Acceptor-Doped Chromium Oxide

The effect of volatilization on the conduction behavior of Li- or Mg-doped Cr2O3 was studied. The Po2 dependence on conduction changed from 1/4 to 3/8 when volatilization occurred. The high-temperature conduction mechanism of Cr2O3 may be dominated by the formation of Cr vacancies due to the volatilization effect.
Thermally Stimulated Conductivity of Irradiated KBr

The thermally stimulated conductivity of KBr crystals irradiated at 10 °K with monoenergetic neutrons and γ-rays was studied over the temperature range 10 to 300 °K. The peak spectrum below 70 °K was associated with the annihilation of lattice defects created by the irradiation, while the higher temperature peaks were interpreted as due to the depopulation of impurity traps. The annealing kinetics of the low-temperature peak were consistent with defect annihilation processes controlled by the migration of the Br− interstitials. Neutron bombardment enhanced significantly the low-temperature peaks above the level established by background γ-rays. Die thermisch stimulierte Leitfahigkeit von KBr-Kristallen, die bei 10 °K mit monoenergetischen Neutronen und γ-Strahlen bestrahlt wurden, wurde im Temperaturbereich von 10 bis 300 °K untersucht. Die Maxima im Spektrum unterhalb 70 °K wurden mit der Annihilation von Gitterdefekten, die durch Bestrahlung hervorgerufen wurden, verknupft, wahrend die Maxima bei hoheren Temperaturen der Entleerung von Verunreinigungshaftstellen zugeordnet wurden. Die Ausheilkinetik der Maxima bei niedrigen Temperaturen ist mit einem Vernichtungsprozes der Defekte konsistent, der durch Wanderung der Br-Zwischengitterdefekte gesteuert wird. Neutronenbeschus hebt die Maxima bei niedrigen Temperaturen betrachtlich aus dem durch die γ-Strahlen verursachten Untergrund heraus.
An integrated geophysical investigation of the hydrogeology of an anisotropic unconfined aquifer

Abstract The predictive capability of groundwater flow models is frequently restricted by insufficient characterisation of a typically heterogeneous and anisotropic subsurface. Trace levels of volatile organic compounds have been detected at municipal water supply wells in Gray, Maine. Groundwater flow modelling based on available hydrogeologic data defines a dominant W–E transport vector that is inconsistent with the apparent N40E transport of a plume emanating from a road salt storage facility, as mapped with a terrain conductivity instrument. A local-scale geophysical study at an undisturbed site in the glacial-marine delta deposit aquifer was conducted to investigate the possible influence of anisotropy on flow through these unconsolidated sediments. Ground penetrating radar and terrain conductivity measurements reveal evidence for structural features that are likely to promote preferential transport paths orientated in a general NE–SW direction. Two conductive tracers, one deep and one surficial, were injected and monitored for direct evaluation of the groundwater flow vector using resistivity and self potential methods. Although interpretation was limited by an incomplete resistivity dataset, the results and modelling of both methods supports a general N30E–N40E flow vector. Furthermore, consistent flow velocity estimates (∼0.15 m/day) are obtained from the two methods. Analysis of this integrated dataset suggests that anisotropy exerts a significant control on flow in this unconsolidated aquifer. Predictions of sources of groundwater contamination at municipal wells based on flow models not accounting for this anisotropy will likely be in error. This study illustrates the potential value of an integrated geophysical study, which will aid the development of accurate flow models for unconsolidated aquifers.
A new secure adaptive steganographic algorithm using Fibonacci numbers

In this paper, we investigate the common problems encountered in adaptive steganography. The focus of these systems is on security and thus capacity is severely limited. An algorithm combining T-order statistics with Fibonacci based image decomposition is introduced. As the T-order statistics enables the embedding of secret data only in the noisy regions making any changes to the cover undetectable. The decomposition of an image based on Fibonacci numbers creates a higher number of bit planes compared to the 8 associated with traditional image decomposition. As a result, the distribution of data over an increased number of bit layers enhances the available capacity. In addition, the impact caused by image modifications necessary when embedding secret information is reduced. Computer simulations were performed over 50 color and 50 grayscale bitmap images varying in size, color, and classes of image features. In comparison with other existing adaptive and non-adaptive embedding methods, the proposed method shows a greater resistance to detection against various steganalysis tools while offering a marked increase in available capacity.
Effects of furniture polish on release of cat allergen-laden dust from wood surfaces.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of furniture polish (FP) on the release of cat allergen (Fel d 1)-laden dust from wood surfaces and decay of Fel d 1 in dust over time. About 2 g of sieved (150 microm screen) allergen-laden dust was introduced as an aerosol into an experimental chamber by a Pitt-3 generator and allowed to settle onto two finished wood surfaces pre-treated with either distilled water (DW) or FP. After 24 h, each surface was vacuumed into separate plastic cassettes loaded with 37 mm diameter, 0.4 microm pore, polycarbonate filters. The recovered dust was weighed, extracted in phosphate-buffered saline, and assayed for Fel d 1 content using a two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA. After vacuuming, the remaining dust on the wood surfaces was wiped up with a water-moistened swab. The dusts were extracted from the swabs and assayed by ELISA for Fel d 1. More Fel d 1 was recovered by vacuuming from DW-pre-treated surfaces than from FP pre-treated surfaces (100% vs. 69 +/- 66%). On the contrary, more residual Fel d 1 (>99.9%) on the vacuumed surfaces was recovered from FP than from DW pre-treated surfaces by wet swabs. The concentration of Fel d 1 in dust did not change significantly at room temperature over 80 days. In conclusion, FP on wood surfaces makes dust stick to the surface, which likely reduces the release of allergen-laden dust from the wood surface. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Re-aerosolization of cat allergen-laden dusts from wood surfaces (e.g. wood floor or furniture) significantly increases the concentration of airborne cat allergens. Our study indicates that exposure to airborne cat allergens might be reduced by surface treatment with commercially available FP because cat allergen-laden dusts stuck more tightly to the wood surface treated with FP.
Psychopathy and fear: specific impairments in judging behaviors that frighten others.

Psychopathy is a disorder associated with antisocial behavior and deficits in responding to emotional stimuli, particularly fear-related stimuli. This research demonstrates that these deficits extend to judgments about behaviors that cause fear in others. We assessed whether psychopathy is associated with the ability to identify the emotional consequences of social behaviors and with judgments about these behaviors' acceptability. We found that psychopathy, as indexed by the Psychopathic Personality Inventory, is associated with impairments in identifying behaviors that cause fear and in judging the moral acceptability of these behaviors. Ratings of emotional consequences and moral acceptability were also correlated, such that individuals who less accurately identified behaviors that cause fear also judged these behaviors to be more morally acceptable. Psychopathy scores mediated the relationship between these two variables. These findings suggest that understanding that frightening others is unacceptable relies on understanding this type of behavior's emotional consequences, and have significance for understanding the relationship between psychopathy, empathy, and antisocial behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Recombinant expression, purification, and biophysical characterization of the transmembrane and membrane proximal domains of HIV‐1 gp41

The transmembrane subunit (gp41) of the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 associates noncovalently with the surface subunit (gp120) and together they play essential roles in viral mucosal transmission and infection of target cells. The membrane proximal region (MPR) of gp41 is highly conserved and contains epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies. The transmembrane (TM) domain of gp41 not only anchors the envelope glycoprotein complex in the viral membrane but also dynamically affects the interactions of the MPR with the membrane. While high-resolution X-ray structures of some segments of the MPR were solved in the past, they represent the post-fusion forms. Structural information on the TM domain of gp41 is scant and at low resolution. Here we describe the design, expression and purification of a protein construct that includes MPR and the transmembrane domain of gp41 (MPR-TMTEV-6His), which reacts with the broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 and thereby may represent an immunologically relevant conformation mimicking a prehairpin intermediate of gp41. The expression level of MPR-TMTEV-6His was improved by fusion to the C-terminus of Mistic protein, yielding ∼ 1 mg of pure protein per liter. The isolated MPR-TMTEV-6His protein was biophysically characterized and is a monodisperse candidate for crystallization. This work will enable further investigation into the structure of MPR-TMTEV-6His, which will be important for the structure-based design of a mucosal vaccine against HIV-1.
Are Sports Overemphasized in the Socialization Process of African American Males? A Qualitative Analysis of Former Collegiate Athletes’ Perception of Sport Socialization

Scholars have noted that an elevated level of sports socialization in the family, neighborhood, and media exists within the African American community, creating an overrepresentation of African American males in certain sports. As a result, African American males may face consequences that are distinctly different from the consequences of those who are not socialized as intensively toward athletics, such as lower levels of academic achievement, higher expectations for professional sports careers as a means to upward mobility, and lower levels of career maturity. This study examines the sport socialization of African American male former collegiate athletes through in-depth ethnographic interviews. The results show that the respondents’ perceptions were that their socializing agents and socializing environment emphasized athletics above other roles, other talents, and the development of other skills.
Mediating Mechanisms for the Intergenerational Transmission of Constructive Parenting A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Based on a prospective longitudinal panel data set that was collected at three developmental stages—early adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood— this study investigates marital satisfaction and educational attainment as mediating mechanisms as well as gender's moderating effect for the intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting (N = 1,560). The results show that perceived satisfying experiences with parents during early adolescence are positively related to marital satisfaction and educational attainment in young adulthood, which, in turn, are positively related to individuals' utilization of constructive parenting in middle adulthood. The two mediating mechanisms account for most of the direct effect of the intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting. Furthermore, the mediating effect of marital relationship is stronger for current fathers than for mothers because of a stronger association between marital satisfaction and constructive parenting for men. The implica...
A Simplified Method for the Analysis of Ultracentrifuge Film Records of Low-Density Lipoproteins of Human Serum

A convenient method has been devised for analyzing ultracentrifuge film records of human serum lipoproteins. It is based on a template that can be constructed by the investigator according to the operational factors peculiar to his ultracentrifuge system. The film patterns are projected and traced on the template, the boundary limits of each lipoprotein class are located by reference to the template grid, and the concentrations are determined by polar planimetry. Simple procedures are incorporated that correct without loss of accuracy for the effect of concentration on sedimentation rate and for the Ogston-Johnston effect. In a test of 56 samples of human serum, the results obtained with this procedure did not differ significantly (p = 0.2) from those obtained with the conventional complex calculations.
HAWT dynamic stall response asymmetries under yawed flow conditions

Horizontal axis wind turbines can experience significant time varying aerodynamic loads, potentially causing adverse effects on structures, mechanical components, and power production. As designers attempt lighter and more flexible wind energy machines, greater accuracy and robustness will become even more critical in future aerodynamics models. Aerodynamics modeling advances, in turn, will rely on more thorough comprehension of the three-dimensional, unsteady, vortical flows that dominate wind turbine blade aerodynamics under high load conditions. To experimentally characterize these flows, turbine blade surface pressures were acquired at multiple span locations via the NREL Phase IV Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment. Surface pressures and associated normal force histories were used to characterize dynamic stall vortex kinematics and normal force amplification. Dynamic stall vortices and normal force amplification were confirmed to occur in response to angle of attack excursions above the static stall threshold. Stall vortices occupied approximately one-half of the blade span and persisted for nearly one-fourth of the blade rotation cycle. Stall vortex convection varied along the blade, resulting in dramatic deformation of the vortex. Presence and deformation of the dynamic stall vortex produced corresponding amplification of normal forces. Analyses revealed consistent alterations to vortex kinematics in response to changes in reduced frequency, span location, and yaw error. Finally, vortex structures and kinematics not previously documented for wind turbine blades were isolated.
Hodgkin lymphoma-like posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a heterogeneous group of monoclonal or polyclonal lymphoproliferative lesions that occur in immunosuppressed recipients following solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, including 4 categories: (1) early lesions (reactive plasmacytic hyperplasia, and infectious-mononucleosis-like PTLD), (2) polymorphic PTLD, (3) monomorphic PTLD (including B-cell neoplasms and T-cell neoplasms), and (4) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and HL-like PTLD in the current World Health Organization classification. Although HL-like PTLD has been grouped with classic HL PTLD, controversy remains as to whether it is truly a form of HL or whether it should be more appropriately considered as a form of B-cell PTLD. The current available literature data indicate the presence of important immunophenotypic, molecular genetic, and clinical differences between HL PTLD and HL-like PTLD, suggesting that HL-like PTLD is in fact most often a form of B-cell PTLD. Distinction from true HL may be important for clinical management and prognosis.
Joint Morphological-Lexical Language Modeling for Machine Translation

We present a joint morphological-lexical language model (JMLLM) for use in statistical machine translation (SMT) of language pairs where one or both of the languages are morphologically rich. The proposed JMLLM takes advantage of the rich morphology to reduce the Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) rate, while keeping the predictive power of the whole words. It also allows incorporation of additional available semantic, syntactic and linguistic information about the morphemes and words into the language model. Preliminary experiments with an English to Dialectal-Arabic SMT system demonstrate improved translation performance over trigram based baseline language model.
Simulation of marked graphs on SIMD architectures using efficient memory management

This paper describes and evaluates the performance of an implementation of a parallel discrete event simulation of a class of Petri nets known as marked graphs on a single instruction stream multiple data stream (SIMD) architecture. The implementation uses an efficient, novel memory management technique for supporting abstract data types, where memory can be dynamically allocated/deallocated on an individual PE basis. Performance evaluations are reported for a number of "real world" applications. >
Parametric spectral analysis of the phrenic neurogram during hypercapnia, carotid nerve stimulation, and gasping using autoregressive method

The modified Yule-Walker (MYW) autoregressive (AR) method was used to analyze the frequency characteristics of the phrenic neurogram during gasping, hypercapnia, carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation, and eupnea. The results of the analysis indicate that the transition from eupnea to gasping is characterized by loss of a midfrequency peak in the phrenic power spectrum and the appearance of a low-frequency peak which was not apparent during eupnea. Similar changes in phrenic nerogram frequency spectra were not seen during hypercapnia or CSN stimulation, suggesting that phrenic stimulation per se is not the cause of the spectral changes seen during gasping. These findings suggest that the spectral characteristics of gasping, loss of MFO peak, and appearance of a new peak at 25 Hz are unique to gasping. These findings are consistent with the idea that there is a synchronization of neural firing at a frequency of 20-25 Hz during gasping. This frequency is low compared to maximal firing rates achievable during eupnea but may represent the maximum neuronal firing rate achievable under the severe hypoxic conditions of these experiments. >
State Supreme Court Opinion Publication in the Context of Ideology and Electoral Incentives

State and federal judges do not publish all of their decisions. In the federal courts, most opinions are unpublished and have no eﬀect on precedent, raising concerns that publication could be used to shape the law for ideological or political ends. While the literature on opinion publication has found little evidence of strategic publication, almost all scholarship has focused on the federal courts. As most judges on state supreme courts must face some form of election, the electoral connection could have a distinct eﬀect on publication. To test this possibility, I analyze all authored opinions by the Montana Supreme Court from 1998 to 2009 and ﬁnd that both ideology and electoral incentives condition the likelihood of publication. Further, using just the criminal cases in the dataset to identify the ideological direction of decisions, I ﬁnd that the interaction of ideology, the electoral calendar, and the degree of unanimity is particularly important in the decision to publish given a particular disposition. Whereas more conservative panels are more willing to publish unanimous conservative opinions as elections approach, such panels are less likely to publish non-unanimous liberal opinions when an election is imminent. This analysis provides evidence that elected judges publish strategically, a ﬁnding that has generally eluded literature on publication by federal judges, which might be due to the absence of electoral incentives in their retention.
A Simple Card Game To Teach Synthesis in Organic Chemistry Courses

The sheer number of reactions covered in an undergraduate organic chemistry course can be overwhelming. Students are expected to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of these reactions in order to understand the logic of organic synthesis. A method that allows students to systematically solve organic synthesis problems without memorizing dozens of reactions would be beneficial. Two new card games, Synthesis and Synthetic Dominos, have been developed using a variation of traditional flash cards. Both of these games allow players to develop the logical skills needed to solve organic synthesis problems, review organic functional groups, and review reaction reagents. The first game, Synthesis, is a solitaire game that uses reaction cards to link up a starting material and target by connecting functional group conversions. The game play mimics the process used to solve synthesis problems. The second game, Synthetic Dominos, is a single-player or multiplayer game that has a gameplay similar to that of Dominos. An i...
Making Offers No One Can Refuse: Effective Contract Drafting — Part II

This article, the first in a five-part series on contract drafting, covers planning, negotiating, and audience considerations.
Wear analysis of Cu–Al coating on Ti–6Al–4V substrate under fretting condition

Fretting behavior of Cu–Al coating on Ti–6Al–4V substrate was investigated with and without fatigue load. Soft and rough Cu–Al coating resulted in abrasive wear and a large amount of debris remained at the contact surface, which caused an increase in tangential force during the fretting test under gross slip condition. Fretting in the partial slip condition also showed the wear of coating. To characterize wear, dissipated energies during fretting were calculated from fretting loops and wear volumes were obtained from worn surface profiles. Energy approach of wear analysis showed a linear relationship between wear volume and accumulated dissipated energy. This relationship was independent of fatigue loading condition and extended from partial slip to gross slip regimes. As an alternate but simple approach for wear analysis, accumulated relative displacement range was correlated with the wear volume. This also resulted in a linear relationship as in the case of accumulated dissipated energy suggesting that the accumulated relative displacement range can be used as an alternative parameter for dissipated energy to characterize the wear. When the maximum wear depth was equal to the thickness of Cu–Al coating, harder Ti–6Al–4V substrate inhibited further increase in wear depth. Only when a considerable energy was supplied through a large value of the applied displacement, wear in the substrate material could occur beyond the thickness of coating.
Frazil Measured in the Laboratory and in the Field

Using an instrument that was recently developed at the National Water Research Institute, the concentration of frazil in flowing water was measured under laboratory conditions for both fresh water and sea water and under natural conditions in the Beauharnois Canal. Experimental data and their analysis are reported in this paper.
Neopamera bilobata (Say) and Ozophora trinotata Barber (Hemiptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae) as Frugivores on Florida Rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides; Ericaceae)

Abstract. Neopamera bilobata (Say) is a wide-ranging, generalist seed predator that lives in the litter layer, but unlike many other species of Rhyparochromidae, it also ascends plants to feed on seeds. In Florida scrubs and other xeric plant communities in the southeastern United States, N. bilobata was found frequently, but irregularly, on female plants of Florida rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides (Ericaceae), from 2007 to 2016. This dioecious shrub flowers mainly in autumn and produces fleshy fruits and smaller, dry fruits that have been attributed to lack of pollination. Nymphs and adults of N. bilobata were collected from rosemary (31 sites) in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. All nymphal instars were observed from mid-October to late April, suggesting that nymphs develop on the plant. The bug's seasonality on rosemary in the coastal plain of Georgia and peninsular scrubs of Florida varied from year to year and between nearby sites sampled the same day. A second rhyparochromid,...
Examination of the influence of social capital on depression in fragile families

Background While it appears that social capital has a positive effect on mental health, most studies have been cross-sectional in nature and/or employ weak measures of social capital or mental health. Even less attention has been paid to vulnerable populations, such as low-income women with children. Thus, our objective was to explore how different dimensions of social capital impact depression in this population. Methods We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, which has followed a cohort of children born in large US cities to mostly minority, unmarried parents for over 9 years. These families tend to be at greater risk for falling into poverty. Four separate measures of social capital were constructed, using measures that are reliable and that offer evidence of validity including social support and trust, social participation, perceptions of neighbourhood social cohesion and perceptions of neighbourhood social control. The temporal effect of social capital on mental health, as measured by a standardised screening for depression was investigated using logistic regression. Results After controlling for relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors, prior depression, and prior self-rated health, the social capital dimensions of social support and trust and perceived neighbourhood social cohesion are significant predictors of depression. Conclusions These results suggest that social and neighbourhood environments play an important role in mental health status. Intervention and policy initiatives that increase social capital may be viable for improving mental health among low-income urban, minority women.
Introduction: Terence Rattigan’s Art of Understatement and Implication

With regard to Rattigan’s use of understatement and implication, I offer the reader six examples of Rattigan’s dramatic artistry (from five plays) to persuade the reader that Rattigan’s plays compel and repay attention through their elegance, that is, they achieve a maximum of affect from an apparent minimum of effort. The effort, rightly, does not showcase itself, but it produces the emotional effect nonetheless. At the same time, each episode examined reveals essential pieces of Rattigan’s view of life, for example, how Rattigan subtly shows that empathy can transform people who seem to be the least likely candidates into rebelling against cruelty or that visionary attempts at establishing world peace and order end in surrender, with the uncomprehending trying to comprehend the incomprehensible.
In Their Words: Passion and Purpose Realized

Lewis extends the original study to follow four of the original eleven research participants into their first year teaching in high poverty urban schools. Three of the first year teachers preferred to teach in middle or upper class communities, but due to the economy and actual job placement, were placed in high poverty urban schools. The participants’ growth and passion for urban education is not only heartwarming but also significant to the vital role of proper teaching training, which must include opportunities for community engagement in high poverty urban schools.
A game theoretic approach to analyze the dynamic interactions of multiple residential prosumers considering power flow constraints

This paper proposes a game-theoretic approach to study the dynamic interactions between different residential customers with the capability to provide self-generated power in a small-scale residential distribution system, using the DistFlow algorithm to calculate the AC flow. In line with the high penetration of distributed renewable energy, some electric customers can play a more active role in the reconfigurable distribution network. They are not only electricity consumers, but also producers in the future electricity retail market. This paper presents the mechanism for how they can interact with each other under the game-theoretic framework and considers some line constraint conditions with fast effective power flow calculation. It also utilizes a economic directed method to take into account the overload line constraints to improve the economic operation.
Hybrid Energy Harvesting-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing and Access in Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Networks

In order to design energy efficient and energy harvesting (EEH) cooperative spectrum sensing (EEH-CSS), four fundamental constraints must be considered: 1) collision constraint to protect primary users from the collision with secondary users (SUs); 2) energy-causality constraint which states that the energy harvested by a time instant must be greater than or equal to the consumed energy until that time instant; 3) energy half-duplex (EHD) constraint which prevents the batteries from charging and discharging at the same time; and 4) correlation constraint which limits the information about the primary channel (PC) state of next time slot can be extracted from the current PC state. In this regard, we consider a hybrid energy harvesting SU (EH-SU) model which can harvest energy from both renewable sources, e.g., solar and ambient radio frequency signals. A heterogeneous EEH-CSS scheme is first proposed to handle EH-SUs with nonidentical harvesting, sensing, and reporting characteristics by permitting them to sense and report at different sensing accuracy. Formulating the energy state evolution of EH-SUs with and without EHD constraint, we analyze the asymptotic activity behavior of a single EH-SU by deriving the theoretical upper bound for the chance of being active to sense and transmit. Thereafter, we develop a convex framework to find maximum achievable total throughput by optimizing the asymptotic active probability, sensing duration, and detection threshold of each SU subject to above constraints. Given a potential set of SUs, determining the optimal subset of cooperating EH-SUs is of the essence to achieve maximum achievable total throughput. Since EH-SU selection is inherently a combinatorial problem, a fast yet high performance solution is proposed based on SUs’ energy harvesting, sensing, and reporting attributes. Finally, a myopic access procedure is developed to determine the active set of EH-SUs given the best subset of SUs.