cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Induced Polyploidy on Fertility and Morphology of Rudbeckia Species and Hybrids

Rudbeckia spp. are adaptable and valuable ornamental wildflowers. De- velopment of new varieties of Rudbeckia spp., with improved commercial character- istics, would be highly desirable. Interspecific hybridization and induced polyploidy may be avenues for improvement within the genus. The objective of this study was to evaluate fertility, morphology, phenology of flowering, and perennialness (overwintering survival) for lines of diploid and induced allotetraploids of R. subtomentosa · hirta and diploid and autotetraploids of R. subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers'. Polyploid lines were developed and propagated in vitro and then grown ex vitro in a randomized complete block design with 12 replications. Compared with their diploid counterparts, autotet- raploid lines of R. subtomentosa 'Henry Eilers' had similar internode lengths, plant heights, number of stems, flowering times (date at first anthesis), and fall and spring survival (100%); reduced number of inflorescences and male and female fertility; and increased inflorescence diameters. Compared with their diploid counterparts, allotetra- ploids of R. subtomentosa · hirta had similar internode lengths, reduced number of inflorescences, delayed flowering times, and increased pollen staining. Allotetraploids had limited male and female fertility compared with no detectable fertility in their diploid counterparts. Plant height and number of stems either decreased or showed no change with induced allotetraploidy. Spring survival of diploid hybrid genotypes ranged from 0% to 82% and was not improved in the allotetraploid hybrids. For a given genotype, some polyploidy lines varied significantly in certain morpholog- ical traits (e.g., plant height) indicatingsomaclonal variation may have developed in vitro or there were variable genomic or epigenetic changes associated with induced polyploidy.
A Preliminary Investigation: Asian Immigrant Women Garment Workers in Los Angeles

During winter quarter 1991 at UCLA, students of a graduate course, “Critical Issues in Asian American Communities,” focused on Asian American workers in the Los Angeles garment industry as a community research project.’ Issues concerning working class Asian Americans are often overlooked. Much research has examined ”middle class” issues that focus on upward mobility such as the glass ceiling in employment, the model minority portrayal, and admissions quotas in higher education. Although important in addressing the ways that institutionalized racism adversely affects Asian Americans, such research does not represent a complete picture of the realities within our communities today. Several studies have examined Asian garment workers in San Francisco and New York City? Yet, there has been little research on workers in the Los Angeles area? Currently, Asians constitute 10 percent of the area’s estimated 120,000 garment workers. Our study is a preliminary step to document the everyday experiences of garment workers from four communities: Chinese, Korean, Filipino, and Southeast Asian (Vietnamese and Cambodian). From their stories, we hope to identdy some patterns as well as differences among Asian ethnic groups. Also, as graduate students with certain class privileges, we can use our knowledge and resources to bring about social change in our communities.’
Original antigenic sin strikes again

Human immunity against influenza viruses is complicated, indeed. Although protective antibodies can be readily produced in response to vaccination or infection, it has long been observed that early exposure to a specific influenza strain can prevent optimal antibody responses against variants of that strain that are encountered later in life. This phenomenon, called “original antigenic sin,” is addressed in a recent paper by Huang and colleagues, who studied how early exposure to an H1 subtype influenza virus may decrease immunity against current H1 viruses in adults born before 1982. The major target of protective antibodies against influenza viruses is the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Flu viruses expressing H1 subtype HAs have been circulating in humans since 1977, with small antigenic changes in the H1 structure occurring each year until a major variant appeared that was similar to the original 1977 H1N1 virus, causing the 2009 flu pandemic. The 2009 pandemic virus continues to circulate as a seasonal influenza strain, but in recent years it has picked up a few amino acid changes in the HA molecule. These changes have not been detected, using standard methods, as causing significant structural change in the H1 protein, and therefore the 2009-like H1 protein remains a component of current seasonal flu vaccines. Concurrent with the amino acid changes, however, more severe disease caused by H1N1 viruses has been observed in middle-aged adults, suggesting a possible causative relationship. Huang and colleagues explored the antibody specificities elicited by the 2009-like H1 vaccine component in an adult who was likely exposed to the 1977 H1N1 virus as a child. They found that antibodies elicited in their subject by the 2009-like HA protein could neutralize both the 1977 and the 2009 H1N1 viruses but could not neutralize recently circulating H1N1 strains. This observation revealed two interesting points. First, early exposure to the 1977 virus may skew the antibody response against the 2009 H1 protein to a specific region of the HA that has mutated in recent years, so that adults older than ~30 to 35 years old may be at higher risk for infection with current H1N1 viruses (individuals born after ~1982 do not seem to have the same defect in immunity). Second, the current method for detecting relevant antigenic changes in HA proteins may not be optimal since it is not sensitive enough to detect recent changes in H1 structure, which probably do warrant updating of the H1N1 vaccine strain. The findings by Huang and colleagues suggest that original antigenic sin may have played a role in the increased H1N1 disease in adults in recent years and show that current methods for identifying significant structural changes in HA proteins may not be adequate. K.-Y. A. Huang et al. , Focused antibody response to influenza linked to antigenic drift. J. Clin. Invest. . 10.1172/JCI81104 (2015). [[Full Text]][1] [1]: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/81104/pdf
Left Ventricle Hypertrophy is Common in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Is Independently Associated with Long-Term Mortality.

Background: A post-hoc analysis of the PROGRESS trial suggested that long-term anti-hypertensive therapy prevents intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). ...
Asymmetry in $\Lambda_b$ and $\bar \Lambda_b$ production

In CMS data at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, the ratio $\ensuremath{\sigma}(pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}_{b}X)/\ensuremath{\sigma}(pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}X)$ appears to fall as the baryons become more forward. Mechanisms which could give rise to this effect are discussed. It is urged that the same physics be explored in data from the ATLAS and LHCb detectors at CERN and the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. In the latter, if such leading-baryon effects are present, one expects ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}$ to be preferentially produced in the direction of the proton and ${\overline{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}_{b}$ to be preferentially produced in the direction of the antiproton.
Development of summer squash seedlings damaged by striped and spotted cucumber beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Influence of feeding by adult striped cucumber beetle (STCB), Acalymma vittatum (F.), and spotted cucumber beetle (SPCB), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, on summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L., was investigated. Greater defoliation and higher mortality occurred with STCB than SPCB, but differences in subsequent foliar and reproductive productivity were not significant. When 10 or more beetles of either species were placed on plants at the cotyledon or first true leaf stages for 2 wk, seedling mortality was the primary cause of yield reduction. Surviving plants infested at the cotyledon stage produced lower early season yields than plants infested at the third true leaf stage. Surviving plants infested at the second and third true leaf stages were typically able to compensate for growth delays caused by seedling damage before fruit production.
Primary acute stroke thrombectomy within 3 h for large artery occlusion (PAST3-LAO): a pilot study

Background and purpose In recent trials, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from large artery occlusion (LAO) was resistant to intravenous thrombolysis and adjunctive stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) was associated with better perfusion and outcomes. Despite benefit, 39–68% of patients had poor outcomes. Thrombectomy in AIS with LAO within 3 h is performed secondary to intravenous thrombolysis, which may be associated with delay. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the safety, feasibility, recanalization rate, and outcome of primary SRT within 3 h without intravenous thrombolysis in AIS from LAO. Methods Based on an institutionally approved protocol, stroke patients with LAO within 3 h were offered primary SRT as an alternative to intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Consecutive patients who underwent primary SRT for LAO within 3 h from 2012 to 2014 were enrolled. Outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results 18 patients with LAO of mean age 62.83±15.32 years and median NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 16 (10–23) chose primary SRT after giving informed consent. Near complete (TICI 2b in 1 patient) or complete (TICI 3 in 17 patients) recanalization was observed in all patients. Time to recanalization from symptom onset and groin puncture was 188.5±82.7 and 64.61±40.14 min, respectively. NIHSS scores immediately after thrombectomy, at 24 h and 30 days were 4 (0–12), 1 (0–12), and 0 (0–4), respectively. Asymptomatic perfusion-related hemorrhage developed in four patients (22%). 90-day outcomes were mRS 0 in 50%, mRS 1 in 44.4%, and mRS 2 in 5.6%. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that primary SRT in AIS from LAO is safe and feasible and is associated with complete recanalization and good outcome. Further study is required.
Negotiating War and Peace in Chân Không's Learning True Love and Kingston's The Fifth Book of Peace

In his article "Negotiating War and Peace in Chân Khong's Learning True Love and Kingston's The Fifth Book of Peace," Christopher Kocela analyzes Sister Chân Khong's autobiography and Maxine Hong Kingston's memoir as examples of women's transBuddhist life writing about cultural differences and transnational communities in the wake of war. Kocela argues that Chân Khong's autobiography advocates a form of community building based on a nondiscriminatory practice of empathy that supersedes the need for forgiveness or vindication among participants in the Vietnam War. Kingston's memoir, by contrast, advocates Chân Khong's teaching while raising questions about the political implications of empathy in an age of pluralism. Kocela argues that a comparison of these texts reveals important differences in the way that Asian and Asian American women employ Buddhist principles of nondiscrimination and interbeing in negotiating issues of reconciliation and return in life writing. Cristopher Kocela, "Negotiating War and Peace in Chân Khong's Learning True Love and Kingston's The Fifth Book of Peace" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 17.3 (2015): Thematic Issue Life Writing and the Trauma of War. Ed. Louise O. Vasvari and I-Chun Wang
Anti-Arcing Loop and Resectoscope

A new modified cutting loop assembly and a modification of the resectoscope to prevent arcing between the bare wire loop and the distal end of the telescope are described.
Using Tuning-Fork Tests in Diagnosing Fractures

Reference/Citation: Mugunthan K, Doust J, Kurz B, Glasziou P. Is there sufficient evidence for tuning fork tests in diagnosing fractures? A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2014;4(8):e005238. Clinical ...
Experimental Investigation into Melt-Layer Erosion of Plasma Facing Materials*

This paper describes melt-layer erosion experiments conducted at North Carolina State University. Metallic samples are exposed to a pulsed plasma heat flux produced by an electrothermal plasma gun....
Probing for Binding Regions of the FtsZ Protein Surface through Site-Directed Insertions: Discovery of Fully Functional FtsZ-Fluorescent Proteins.

FtsZ, a bacterial tubulin homologue, is a cytoskeleton protein that assembles into protofilaments, one subunit thick. These protofilaments assemble further to form a “Z ring” at the center of prokaryotic cells. The Z ring generates a constriction force on the inner membrane, and also serves as a scaffold to recruit cell-wall remodeling proteins for complete cell division in vivo. One model of the Z ring proposes that protofilaments associate via lateral bonds to form ribbons; however, lateral bonds are still only hypothetical. To explore potential lateral bonding sites, we probed the surface of Escherichia coli FtsZ by inserting either small peptides or whole fluorescent proteins (FP). Of the four lateral surfaces on FtsZ protofilaments, we obtained inserts on the front and back surfaces that were functional for cell division. We conclude that these faces are not sites of essential interactions. Inserts at two sites, G124 and R174 located on the left and right surfaces, completely blocked function, and are identified as possible sites for essential lateral interactions. However, the insert at R174 did not interfere with association of protofilaments into sheets and bundles in vitro. Another goal was to find a location within FtsZ that supported insertion of FP reporter proteins, while allowing the FtsZ-FP to function as the sole source of FtsZ. We discovered one internal site, G55-Q56, where several different FPs could be inserted without impairing function. These FtsZ-FPs may provide advances for imaging Z-ring structure by super-resolution techniques. IMPORTANCE One model for the Z-ring structure proposes that protofilaments are assembled into ribbons by lateral bonds between FtsZ subunits. Our study excluded the front and back faces of the protofilament as involved in essential interactions in vivo, but pointed to two potential lateral bond sites on the right and left sides. We also identified an FtsZ loop where various fluorescent proteins could be inserted without blocking function; these FtsZ-FPs functioned as the sole source of FtsZ. This advance provides improved tools for all fluorescent imaging of the Z ring, and may be especially important for super-resolution imaging.
Consonantal Substitution Patterns in Igbo Phonological Acquisition

This study analyzed phonological substitutions in the speech of 39 Igbo-speaking children. The aim was to investigate whether their substitution patterns were similar to those in children speaking ...
An Algorithm to Identify Surface Snowfall From GPM DPR Observations

The Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on board the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core satellite has reflectivity measurements at two different frequency bands, namely, Ku- and Ka-bands. The dual-frequency ratio from these measurements has been used to perform rain-type classification and microphysics retrieval in the current DPR level 2 algorithm. In this paper, a surface snowfall identification algorithm is developed using GPM DPR observations. This algorithm provides a new approach to detect snowfall through radar observations, such as measured dual-frequency ratio. This algorithm is developed using GPM DPR data as well as Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) X/Ka-band radar data during the snowfall experiment. Several snow events observed by both DPR and ground radars are used in the algorithm validation, showing good comparisons.
Intimate partner violence and the overlap of perpetration and victimization: considering the influence of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse in childhood

Using data from Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examined the independent relationship of childhood maltreatment type (emotional, sexual, physical) on IPV victimization and perpetration; then mutually exclusive categories of IPV involvement (victimization, perpetration, and victimization/perpetration) were investigated. IPV victimization and perpetration were assessed using items from the revised Conflict Tactics Scales. A series of binary regression models and multinomial regression models were estimated. Models were stratified across gender. Results uncovered significant relationships between child physical abuse and IPV victimization as well as IPV perpetration for males and females, but this effect was reduced when emotional maltreatment was added to the model. When IPV victimization/perpetration was considered, maltreatment effects changed. For males, physical maltreatment remained significantly related to victimization only and physical, sexual, and emotional maltreatment were related to victimization/perpetration. For females, physical maltreatment remained significantly related to IPV victimization only and emotional maltreatment was related to perpetration only and to victimization/perpetration. Screening and intervention for maltreatment, including emotional maltreatment, among children as well as adults with IPV histories may be important to preventing first IPV experiences and stemming current involvement.
Comprehensive Review of Growing Food Insecurity in Africa in Terms of Causes, Effects and Solutions: The Nigerian Example

This study examined the situation of food insecurity in Africa with special emphasis on Nigeria with a view to giving the picture of the trend with respect to causes, effects and possible solutions. The study employed secondary data sourced from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and subsequently compared the results with other previously conducted studies on food security status in Nigeria and few other African countries. Data for the trend of food security between 1990 and 2014 were sourced from FAO. The findings of this study combined with other previously conducted studies revealed that the food insecurity in Nigeria is not only becoming worrisome but frightening. According to the FAO three commonly employed indicators (prevalence of undernourishment, prevalence of food insecurity and number of undernourished people), it was observed that food insecurity in Nigeria continued to rise from 2009 according to the results of the annual survey till 2014. The implication of this is that if the trend is not halted as quickly as possible it is a time bomb that may pose grave security risks and danger to the country and Africa as a whole being the most populous black nation and it is almost certain that any destabilization suffered as a result of hunger in Nigeria is a destabilization of the entire sub-Saharan Africa region considering her enormous population and the strategic place she occupies in the economy of the region especially the western Africa. This paper made some far-reaching recommendations that could halt the trend if judiciously implemented.
Intrauterine Fetal Death With Vanishing Gastroschisis and Post Mortem Examination Findings.

We present a severe case of vanishing gastroschisis resulting in intrauterine death with post mortem examination findings. Gastroschisis is defined as a full thickness paraumbilical abdominal wall ...
Research on Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology was a major area of research at ETS from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. This work was a natural extension of the programs in cognitive, personality, and social psychology that had begun shortly after the organization’s founding in 1947, consistent with Henry Chauncey’s vision of investigating intellectual and personal qualities. This chapter covers research on representational competence; parental influences, migration, and measurement; cognitive, personality, and social development of infants and young children; and cognitive, personality, and social development from infancy to adolescence.
Registered nurse intent to promote physical activity for hospitalised liver transplant recipients.

Aim To describe how registered nurse work motivation, attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control influence intention to promote physical activity in hospitalised adult liver transplant recipients. Design Descriptive study of clinical registered nurses caring for recipients of liver transplant at a tertiary medical centre. Methods Intent to Mobilise Liver Transplant Recipient Scale, Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale, and demographics were used to explore registered nurses' work motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention to promote physical activity of hospitalised adult liver transplant recipients during the acute postoperative phase. Data analysis included demographics, comparison between scale items and analysis of factors predicting intent to mobilise. Results Factors predictive of intention to promote physical activity after liver transplant included appropriate knowledge to mobilise patients (R2 = .40) and identification of physical activity as nursing staff priority (R2 = .15) and responsibility (R2 = .03). Discussion/implications for nursing management When implementing an early mobilisation protocol after the liver transplant, education on effects of physical activity in the immediate postoperative period are essential to promote implementation in practice. Nursing care environment and leadership must be supportive to ensure mobility is a registered nurse priority and responsibility. Nursing managers can leverage results to implement a mobility protocol.
The effect of preirradiation of recipient mice on the proliferation of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells.

Syngeneic bone marrow was transplanted into recipients either immediately or 2 days after lethal doses of irradiation. In the preirradiated animals, the plating efficiency of 2 per cent was significantly less than the 13-15 per cent observed in animals receiving the bone marrow inoculum immediately after irradiation. It is suggested that the lower plating efficiency reflects a less favorable microenvironment with fewer ecologic niches. Once growth of colony-forming units (CFU) commenced, the growth rate in the preirradiated group was more rapid so that by the eighth day the splenic content of CFU was similar in both groups. Possible mechanisms for the latter are considered and it is suggested that the differentiation in growth rate may be ascribed to regulation of stem cell growth through a short range cell-cell interaction.
Feature Selection For High-Dimensional Clustering

We present a nonparametric method for selecting informative features in high-dimensional clustering problems. We start with a screening step that uses a test for multimodality. Then we apply kernel density estimation and mode clustering to the selected features. The output of the method consists of a list of relevant features, and cluster assignments. We provide explicit bounds on the error rate of the resulting clustering. In addition, we provide the first error bounds on mode based clustering.
Whole-Cortex Mapping of Common Genetic Influences on Depression and Social Deficits

Abstract Background Social processes are associated with depression, particularly understanding and responding to others, deficits in which can manifest as callousness/unemotionality (CU). Thus, CU may reflect some of the genetic risk to depression. Further, this vulnerability likely reflects the neurological substrates of depression, presenting biomarkers to capture genetic vulnerability of depression severity. However, heritability varies within brain regions, so a high-resolution genetic perspective is needed. Method In a sample of 258 same-sex twin pairs from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS), we developed a toolbox that maps genetic and environmental associations between brain and behavior at high resolution. We used this toolbox to estimate brain areas that are genetically associated with both depressive symptoms and CU. We then overlapped the two maps to generate coordinates that allow for tests of downstream effects of genes influencing our clusters. Results Genetic variance influencing cortical thickness in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) sulci and gyri, ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), pre-somatic motor cortex (PreSMA), medial precuneus, left occipital-temporal junction (OTJ), parietal-temporal junction (PTJ), ventral somatosensory cortex (vSMA), and medial and lateral precuneus were genetically associated with both depression and CU. Split-half replication found support for both DLPFC clusters. Meta-analytic term search identified “theory of mind”, “inhibit”, and “pain” as likely functions. Gene and transcript mapping/enrichment analyses implicated calcium channels. Conclusions CU reflects genetic vulnerability to depression that likely involves executive and social functioning in a distributed process across the cortex. This approach works to unify neuroimaging, neuroinformatics, and genetics to discover pathways to psychiatric vulnerability.
Complications associated with combined surgical hip dislocation and periacetabular osteotomy for complex hip deformities.

Surgical hip dislocation (SD) and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) are well-described treatments for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and acetabular dysplasia, respectively. Occasionally, complex deformities require a combined SD/PAO; the morbidity of performing both procedures in a single stage has not been fully investigated. We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive group of patients undergoing combined SD/PAO to investigate the incidence and character of perioperative complications. Forty-five patients (46 hips) were identified. Perioperative complications were graded by the modified Clindo-Davien complication scheme. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range 12–128), and no patients were lost to follow-up. Six complications occurred in six hips (13%). Four (8.7%) complications were minor (Grades I or II): one Brooker Grade III heterotopic ossification requiring no treatment, one superior pubic ramus nonunion requiring no treatment and two superficial wound infections requiring antibiotics. Two (4.3%) complications were major (Grades III or IV): one coxa saltans interna and labral tear requiring hip arthroscopy with labral repair and iliopsoas lengthening, and one deep surgical site infection requiring irrigation and debridement followed by development of arthritis requiring conversion to arthroplasty. The average Harris hip score improved from 62 ± 13 preoperatively to 80 ± 19 at final follow-up. Except for the single joint replacement, there were no long-term disabilities. There were no major neurovascular injuries, osteonecrosis, fractures or trochanteric nonunions. Combined SD/PAO for the treatment of complex, concomitant deformities of the proximal femur and acetabulum is associated with an acceptable risk of complications. The vast majority of complications that occurred were managed without permanent disability. Level of Evidence: IV
DPP4 inhibitors as novel agents in improving survival in patients with prostate cancer: A SEER-Medicare study.

e16532Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a cell surface protein expressed in variable amounts on different tissues and plays a vital role in tumor biology as well as regulation of the imm...
N-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thione derivatives of carboxylic acids as activated esters. Part II. Applications in peptide synthesis

Abstract The N -hydroxypyridine-2(1 H )-thione derivatives of two urethane-protected α-amino acids readily reacted with free α-amino acid esters or the corresponding benzenesulfenamides to give simple dipeptides in reasonable yields. The benzenesulfenamides are the reagents of choice since they allowed for neutral reaction conditions and exhibited superior reactivity in sterically demanding instances. The atom-economical reaction between a Barton PTOC ester and a benzenesulfenamide afforded products of synthetic and biological value and proceeds in a concerted fashion, thereby maintaining chirality in couplings involving optically active α-amino acid residues.
Chapter 25 – Trichinella

Trichinella belongs to a group of nematode parasites in the superfamily Trichinelloidea, family Trichinellidae, and includes eight recognized species and 12 genotypes. Human infection with adult or larval stages of Trichinella, known as trichinellosis, is common and is the direct result of ingesting Trichinella larvae in raw or undercooked meat. The common source of human infection is the domestic pig; however, due to maintenance by sylvatic cycles and cultural differences throughout the world, trichinellosis may occur from ingesting improperly prepared meat from other animals including bears, horses, dogs, walruses, cougars, and some reptiles. The risk of acquiring a Trichinella infection from commercially processed pork is very low in the United States and most developed countries. This can be attributed to good farm management practices, freezing processed meat, and greater awareness of the disease and potential risks associated with ingesting raw or undercooked pork.
Review of the Current Management of Urinary Tract Infections due to Fluconazole-Resistant and Non-Albicans Candida Species

The management of fungal infections is challenging, especially given the continued increase in fluconazole resistance and prevalence of non-albicans Candida spp. Urinary tract infections due to non-albicans and fluconazole-resistant Candida are particularly problematic given the uncertainty in determining true infection from colonization and the limited number of antifungal agents with adequate penetration to the site of infection. While our understanding of mechanisms of resistance and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics continues to improve, it is combatted by the emergence of novel, difficult-to-manage pathogens such as C. auris. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data regarding the management of urinary tract infections due to non-albicans and fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. with a focus on mechanisms of resistance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and treatment strategies. Advances in molecular techniques have improved our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for antifungal resistance, especially to the echinocandins and azole antifungal classes. Additionally, increased knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that govern available antifungal agents has enhanced the ability to optimize dosing, especially for extravascular fungal infections. Unfortunately, these developments in the pre-clinical arena have not been matched by additional high-quality clinical data, and therefore, the optimal management strategies for fungal UTIs remain elusive. The lack of adequate new clinical data to guide optimal management of UTIs due to fluconazole-resistant and non-albicans Candida, combined with the dearth of novel antifungal agents, leaves fluconazole, amphotericin B deoxycholate, and flucytosine as the drugs of choice for these infections. Further data regarding urinary concentrations and optimal urinary PK/PD parameters may allow for the use of other agents, such as the echinocandins, in certain situations. Several novel antifungal agents are currently in clinical development with adequate in vitro activity against fluconazole-resistant and non-albicans Candida, although their utility in the treatment of UTIs requires further investigation.
A square channel vanadium phosphite framework as a high voltage cathode for Li- and Na-ion batteries

A vanadium phosphite compound, LiV(HPO3)2, has been synthesized using low-melting flux composed of phosphorous acid and lithium hydroxide. The crystal structure of the compound as refined using the Rietveld method matched with the previously reported unit cell parameters (space group: I2d, a = b = 10.5987(4), c = 9.9843(5) A). It has a 3-dimensional open-framework structure with intersecting channels. Eight-membered ring square channels can be viewed along the c-axis and 6-membered ring channels along the a- and b-axis. The Li-ions are located in the six-membered ring channels exactly at the opening window to the eight-membered ring channels. The magnetic property measurements confirmed the +3 oxidation state of vanadium. The as-synthesized V-phosphite exhibits facile electrochemical properties with an insertion voltage of 4.05 V vs. Li+/Li and 3.7 V vs. Na+/Na in Li- and Na-ion batteries, respectively. When cycled between 4.5 and 1.2 V, the compound shows an insertion of second lithium at ∼2 V. The galvanostatic charge–discharge profiles indicate that LiV(HPO3)2 can be cycled between V4+ and V2+, where a 4 V slightly sloppy plateau and a sloping profile after 2 V represent a solid-solution type mechanism during reductions for V4+/V3+ and V3+/V2+ redox couples, respectively, whereas during charging there is evidence of a biphasic reaction. The compound has been further characterized by TGA, IR, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
Common Interstitial Pneumonias

The interstitial pneumonias consist of pathologic patterns of injury that involve the alveolar septa and associated connective tissue of the lung. These pathologies are commonly found within characteristic clinical settings and have predictable prognoses and some have specific therapies. In general, these pathologic patterns of injury have nonspecific fibroinflammatory features when seen in small biopsies, but have characteristic features when viewed in the context of larger (thoracoscopic) biopsies and are most accurately diagnosed in the setting of a multidisciplinary approach employing clinical, radiologic, and pathologic input.
The Mind of the Transformational Leader

The strong relationship between authentic and transformational leadership presents an opportunity to examine authentic leadership through the mind of the transformational leader. Understanding the mind of the transformational leader can be accomplished by examining great transformational leaders in the Bible and in church history. Transformational leaders are able to relate to their followers personally and motivate their followers to strive for a mission or purpose that is greater than them. They must be authentic, turn followers into leaders, and rally their followers to a cause that is greater than them. Christian leaders have a common cause as they point their followers to Christ.
Association of Pharmaceutical Industry Payments to Physicians With Prescription and Medicare Expenditures for Pimavanserin.

Objective:This study aimed to quantify the association between pharmaceutical industry payments to physicians for pimavanserin and both pimavanserin prescription volume and Medicare expenditures.Me...
Repeatability of Linear and Nonlinear Elastic Modulus Maps From Repeat Scans in the Breast

Compression elastography allows the precise measurement of large deformations of soft tissue in vivo. From an image sequence showing tissue undergoing large deformation, an inverse problem for both the linear and nonlinear elastic moduli distributions can be solved. As part of a larger clinical study to evaluate nonlinear elastic modulus maps (NEMs) in breast cancer, we evaluate the repeatability of linear and nonlinear modulus maps from repeat measurements. Within the cohort of subjects scanned to date, 20 had repeat scans. These repeated scans were processed to evaluate NEM repeatability. In vivo data were acquired by a custom-built, digitally controlled, uniaxial compression device with force feedback from the pressure-plate. RF-data were acquired using plane-wave imaging, at a frame-rate of 200 Hz, with a ramp-and-hold compressive force of 8N, applied at 8N/sec. A 2D block-matching algorithm was used to obtain sample-level displacement fields which were then tracked at subsample resolution using 2D cross correlation. Linear and nonlinear elasticity parameters in a modified Veronda-Westmann model of tissue elasticity were estimated using an iterative optimization method. For the repeated scans, B-mode images, strain images, and linear and nonlinear elastic modulus maps are measured and compared. Results indicate that when images are acquired in the same region of tissue and sufficiently high strain is used to recover nonlinearity parameters, then the reconstructed modulus maps are consistent.
Slow oscillation density and amplitude decrease across development in pediatric Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy

STUDY OBJECTIVES From childhood through adolescence, brain rhythms during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep show dramatic development that mirror underlying brain maturation. For example, the function and characteristics of slow oscillations (SOs, <1 Hz) in healthy children are linked to brain development, motor skill, and cognition. However, little is known of possible changes in pediatric populations with neurologic abnormalities. METHODS We measured slow oscillations in 28 Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy male patients from age 4 to 20 years old during overnight in-lab clinical sleep studies. We compared our pediatric patients by age to evaluate the developmental changes of SOs from childhood to early and late adolescence. RESULTS Consistent with the current neuro- and physically typical literature, we found greater slow oscillation density (count of SOs per minute of each sleep stage) in NREM N3 than N2, and significantly greater slow oscillation density in frontal compared to central and occipital regions. However, separating patients into age-defined groups (child, early adolescent, and late adolescent) revealed a significant age effect, with a specific decline in the rate and amplitude of SOs. CONCLUSIONS We found that with age, pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy show a significant decline in slow oscillation density. Given the role that slow oscillations play in memory formation and retention, it is critical to developmentally characterize these brain rhythms in medically complex populations. Our work converges with previous pediatric sleep literature that promotes the use of sleep electroencephalographic markers as prognostic tools and identifies potential targets to promote our patients' quality of life.
Can We Diagnose Early Endometriosis with Ultrasound Rather than Laparoscopy

Various societies have guideline statements on the role of imaging in diagnosing endometriosis. ACOG states that transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the “preferred imaging technique when assessing endometriosis and/or deep endometriosis of the rectum or rectovaginal septum.” The American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) differs. It has stated, for both TVUS and MRI, “that imaging modalities have not been found to increase diagnostic accuracy.” Perhaps the Canadian Society (SOGC) stance, in my opinion, is the most reasonable. It states TVUS is “the first line investigational tool for suspected endometriosis,” whereas MRI, “could be required if deep endometriosis is suspected.”
Broader Applications of Communication: Using the Human Body for Teaching and Assessment

Standardized Patients can be trained and utilized as educators in realms that reach beyond the commonly used communication. These expanded applications are rooted in the communication training that an SP receives in your program. Consider the utilization of SPs to instruct and assess learners in their communication and physical exam skills. Depending on the cases you already employ this may not be far from your current implementation. The true expansion into additional applications begins with your inclusion of instruction or assessment sessions explicitly aimed to evaluate the physical examination skills. During this chapter you will find information about the recruitment, hiring, and training of Physical Exam Teaching Associates (PETA), Gynecological Teaching Associates (GTA), and Male Urogenital Teaching Associates (MUTA), as well as the design and implementation of these programs within a simulation center. Each of these rolls includes additional extensive training to instruct, facilitate learning, and assess the participants in the sessions. Every program will utilize these roles differently and therefore you will find separate considerations for the design and implementation of sessions based on their intended design. These may include sessions used to instruct learners on new physical exam techniques and sessions used for either formative or summative assessments.
Differential proteome profile, biological pathways, and network relationships of osteogenic proteins in calcified human aortic valves

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease requiring intervention. Most research on CAVD has focused on inflammation, ossification, and cellular phenotype transformation. To gain a broader picture into the wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, we compared the total protein profiles between calcified and non-calcified areas from 5 human valves resected during surgery. The 1413 positively identified proteins were filtered down to 248 proteins present in both calcified and non-calcified segments of at least 3 of the 5 valves, which were then analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Concurrently, the top 40 differentially abundant proteins were grouped according to their biological functions and shown in interactive networks. Finally, the abundance of selected osteogenic proteins (osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and RANK) was quantified using ELISA and/or immunohistochemistry. The top pathways identified were complement system, acute phase response signaling, metabolism, LXR/RXR and FXR/RXR activation, actin cytoskeleton, mineral binding, nucleic acid interaction, structural extracellular matrix (ECM), and angiogenesis. There was a greater abundance of osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and RANK in the calcified regions than the non-calcified ones. The osteogenic proteins also formed key connections between the biological signaling pathways in the network model. In conclusion, this proteomic analysis demonstrated the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in CAVD. The interconnectedness of these pathways provides new insights for the treatment of this disease.
Writing Scoring Criteria and Score Reports

A central purpose of any test is to convey information to stakeholders about examinees' performances. Scoring criteria allow test scorers, also called raters, to score a test reliably and consistently with its purpose and uses. Score reports provide a bridge from the test results to the real-world decisions made on the basis of these results. Scoring criteria and score reports must be communicated to both technical and nontechnical audiences in meaningful ways, which often means “translating” jargon and specific testing terms into comprehensible language. This chapter discusses types of scoring scales, approaches to scale development, and considerations for score reporting. In particular, this chapter focuses on how test developers can write scoring criteria and score reports that convey the information to test users in ways that are both accurate and understandable. Keywords: Assessment methods; Classroom assessment; Language for academic purposes
The Cost of a Healthier Diet for Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract Objective This study used a market-basket approach to examine the availability and cost of a standard food shopping list (R-TFP) vs a healthier food shopping list (H-TFP) in the grocery stores used by a sample of 23 families of young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods The researchers used frequency counts to measure availability. The average cost of the R-TFP and H-TFP was compared using paired t test. Results Small or independent markets had the highest percentage of missing foods (14%), followed by chain supermarkets (3%) and big box stores (2%). There was a significant difference in average cost for the R-TFP vs the H-TFP ($324.71 and $380.07, respectively; P Conclusions and Implications Families may encounter problems finding healthier foods and/or incur greater costs for healthier foods. Nutrition education programs for T1DM need to teach problem solving to help families overcome these barriers.
Enhancing and Evaluating Students’ Learning of Motion Concepts

Microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) tools have been developed as an aid to all students, including the underprepared and underserved, in learning physical concepts. To guide this development, extensive work has been done to find useful measures of students’ conceptual understanding that can be used in widely varying contexts. This article describes student learning of motion concepts by high school and college students in both traditional and MBL contexts. Students use MBL tools to collect physical data that are graphed in real time and then can be manipulated and analyzed. The MBL tools have made possible discovery-based laboratory curricula that embody results from educational research, allowing students to take an active role in their learning and encouraging them to construct physical knowledge from observation of the physical world. The curricula take advantage of the fact that MBL tools present data in an immediately understandable graphical form. They also encourage collaborative learning. The effectiveness of these methods compared to traditional high school and university methods for helping students learn basic motion concepts has been evaluated by pre- and post-testing and by observation. There is strong evidence for significantly improved learning and retention by students who used the MBL materials, compared to those taught in a traditional manner.
Practical Synthesis of a Chiral Ynamide: (R)‐4‐Phenyl‐3‐(2‐Triisopropylsilyl‐Ethynyl)Oxazolidin‐2‐One

n-Butyllithium Trispropylsilylacetylene Copper sulfate pentahydrate 1-Bromo-2-triisopropylsilyl-ethyne R-Phenyloxazolidinone 1,10-Phenanthroline Keywords: chiral ynamide; phenyl(trisiopropylsilylethynyl)oxazolidinone; copper catalyst; amidation; alkynyl bromide; cycloadditions; cyclizations; cross-couplings; pericyclic rearrangements; additions; aldehydes; alkynes; syn-additions; safety; waste disposal
Gynecologic disease in young, sexually active women

Abstract There has been a significant change in adolescent sexual behavior in the past decade. This report of 1,594 young, sexually active women, primarily from middle and upper socioeconomic backgrounds, identifies the obstetric and gynecologic problems characteristic of the group. While supposedly in a low-risk category these patients displayed a high incidence of cervical epithelial abnormality, problem pregnancy, and other obstetric and gynecologic abnormality. The incidence of veneral disease was somewhat lower than anticipated.
PSYCHIATRIC CONSULTATION WITHIN A COMMUNITY OF SICK CHILDREN: Lessons from a Children's Hospital

Delivery of health care services is under close national scrutiny -and rightly so! This report examines one facet of those traditional services, inpatient specialty consultation, in the form of 100 consecutive initial requests for child psychiatry consultative assistance in the clinical setting of a large children's hospital. Analysis of the data in the usual categories (age, sex, race, fee, service, and diagnosis) would strongly suggest that the consultative process is highly complex and only partially, at best, responsive to the needs of patients. Clusters of other significant variables which alter the process include attitudes of the patient and his family, the consultant, the consulee and other staff members, hospital institutional practices, and community and social influences. It would perhaps be more colorful to conclude that inpatient psychiatric consultation for children constitutes a symptom of the national non-system of health care delivery. Accuracy would require rather the conclusion that there is after all a kind of system, but that it is largely hidden, inefficient and too often hypocritical. (Author)