cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A copula-based approach to accommodate intra-household interaction in workers’ daily maintenance activity stop generation modeling

Abstract A new stop frequency model was developed to predict the daily number of maintenance activity stops made by individual household heads during a typical weekday. This new model was based on the modification of a conventional multivariate ordered probit (MOP) model by maintaining the probit assumption for the marginal distributions while introducing non-normal dependence among the error terms using copula functions. Therefore, the copula-based MOP model would relieve the restriction of imposing joint normality on the error terms in the conventional MOP model. The new MOP model would not only account for the intra-household interactions in stop-making decisions, but also allow the best functional form to be determined for representing dependencies among household heads. Using the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council's 2010/2011 regional household travel survey data, the copula-based MOP model was employed to examine stop-making behavior for individual household heads residing in New York City and its adjacent counties in Mid-Hudson Valley and New Jersey. Empirical results provided useful insights into the observed effects of socio-demographics, land use density, transportation service, and work schedule together with potential unobserved common effects on the inter-relatedness of spousal stop-making decisions at the household level. The results show that the MOP model with a Clayton copula structure provides the best data fits and there is a very strong positive dependence among error terms of stop-making equations. Furthermore, the dependence among the maintenance activity propensities of household heads is asymmetric, with a stronger tendency of household heads to simultaneously have low maintenance activity levels than to simultaneously have high maintenance activity levels.
Reactions of nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite with superoxide dismutase in neurodegeneration.

Publisher Summary To be successful in any attempt to regenerate the nervous system, the processes responsible for the underlying neurodegeneration must be understood and controlled. This chapter discusses three points. First, nitric oxide is far less reactive and toxic at physiologically relevant concentrations than commonly thought. Many investigators have been mislead by using millimolar solutions of nitric oxide or various relatively uncharacterized nitric oxide donors to study chemical reactivity and then equating the results with the reactivity of nitric oxide per se. The chapter describes how low concentrations of nitric oxide do not react rapidly with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. Instead, nitric oxide is more likely to diffuse into red blood cells and be consumed by reaction with hemoglobin. Second, the reactivity and toxicity of nitric oxide is enormously increased by its near diffusion-limited reaction with superoxide to form peroxynitrite anion. From 1 to 5% of all oxygen consumed is partially reduced to produce the oxygen radical, superoxide. Third, paradoxically, peroxynitrite reacts with superoxide dismutase (SOD) to form a powerful nitrating agent with the reactivity of nitronium ion and modifies tyrosine residues on proteins to form nitrotyrosine. Nitrotyrosine cannot be phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases and thus SOD-mediated injury may affect critical signal transduction pathways. The chapter proposes that this mechanism may account for the pathological action of SOD mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Quasi-1D channel InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT's with improved f/sub max/ characteristics

High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT's) have benefited tremendously from recent material and technology advances. Among various material choices, InP-based HEMT's using InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructures show excellent high-frequency and low-noise performance. f/sub T/'s and f/sub max/'s well above 300 GHz have been demonstrated using InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT's with gate lengths smaller than 0.15 /spl mu/m. One way of improving the performance of submicron microwave HEMT's even further is by using striped-channels. Narrow channel stripes across the source and drain help, in this approach, to confine carrier transport laterally and obtain quasi-ID channels. The use of this approach has been reported for GaAs-based devices. In this paper, the quasi-1D channel design was applied to InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT's. Various channel widths were realized in order to study the impact of quasi-1D channel geometry on the DC and microwave properties of submicron InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT's. >
The pro-inflammatory role of adiponectin at the maternal-fetal interface.

Citation McDonald EA, Wolfe MW. The pro-inflammatory role of adiponectin at the maternal–fetal interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 128–136 Problem A successful pregnancy is contingent on maternal tolerance of the immunologically foreign fetus. Prevalent diseases such as preeclampsia arise in part due to an inappropriate immune response by the placenta. A number of molecules have been proposed to temper cellular response to pro-inflammatory mediators, including CD24 and Siglec10. Methods Cytotrophoblast cells from healthy term placentas were treated with adiponectin in vitro and analyzed with qPCR and ELISA-based assays. Immunohistochemistry was performed on term villous sections and cultured trophoblasts. Results Treatment with adiponectin increased expression of IL-1β and IL-8. Term villi express CD24 in cytotrophoblasts and the syncytiotrophoblast, and Siglec10 by the syncytiotrophoblast. Treatment of trophoblast cells with adiponectin increased Siglec10 expression. Conclusion These data describe a role for adiponectin in enhancing pro-inflammatory signals in in vitro syncytialized trophoblasts. Additionally, this represents the first time the CD24/Siglec10 pathway has been implicated in a trophoblast response to a pro-inflammatory mediator.
INSURANCE FRAUD IN THE WORKPLACE? EVIDENCE FROM A DEPENDENT VERIFICATION PROGRAM

Many employers have implemented dependent verification (DV) programs, which aim to reduce employee benefits costs by ensuring that ineligible persons are not enrolled in their health insurance plans as dependents. We evaluate a DV program using a panel of health plan enrollment data from a large, single-site employer. We find that dependents were 2.7 percentage points less likely to be reenrolled in the year that DV was introduced, indicating that this fraction of dependents was ineligibly enrolled prior to the program's introduction. There is some evidence consistent with the notion that these dependents were actually ineligible, rather than merely discouraged from reenrollment by compliance costs. We find no indication that the removal of these ineligible dependents spilled over to affect the enrollment of eligible dependents within the same family.
Probabilistic representation of waves scattered by inhomogeneities of the medium

This paper presents the extension of the probabilistic approach to problems of wave propagation with non-analytic parameters. This extension is achieved by a simple algorithm based on the possibility of getting closed-form analytical solutions of some auxiliary problems with non-analytic coefficients
EMOSY: an SNMP protocol object generator for the protocol independent MIB

We describe a non-adhoc approach to building an SNMP protocol object for the Protocol Independent Management information Base (PIMIB). In the normal building process of an SNMP subagent, a certain amount of knowledge about the implementation of network resources is still necessary for connecting the MIB with the real network environment. Thus, for a specific MIB description, the development process of an SNMP protocol object is adhoc. In order to improve this situation, two new key words SOURCE and MAPPING representing the information about the network environment are introduced in an extended version of a MIB specification. Also, the EMOSY (Extended MOSY) compiler is implemented to mechanically generate the SNMP protocol agent as well as the PIMIB itself with this extended MIB specification as its input. In other words, we provide a tool that would directly compile a high-level MIB specification into a complete agent implementation. The major advantage of EMOSY is enhancement of agent portability, extensibility, and reusability in management agent development. Furthermore, PIMIB/EMOSY together present a prototype of a new network management agent architecture. >
Shells and the Potential Wells of Elliptical Galaxies

A survey of the possible variety of sharp-edged, caustic features that may arise in the collision of galaxies with very different masses and sizes (Hernquist and Quinn 1986a) has shown that in general shells are morphologically very complex. It is therefore not easy to determine the history of the collision that produced the shells nor the properties of the galaxies involved. However, a small number of shell galaxies (notably NGC 3923) have a sufficiently simple and orderly shell distribution that we believe the shells were formed by a chance very symmetric and simple encounter. In such cases we are presented with a unique opportunity to investigate the potential well of an elliptical galaxy over a large range in radius (≃0.5r e −20r e ). An analysis of the NGC 3923 shell system (Hernquist and Quinn 1986b) has shown that a large amount of dark matter is present (M dark ≃ 40M luminous , r < 17r e ).
A procedure for calibrating short-period telemetered seismograph systems

Efficient low-frequency calibration of the entire seismograph system can be accomplished by Fourier analysis of the system response to automatically generated transient test functions applied to the seismometer calibration coil. Typically, such calibrations are restricted to frequencies less than 10 Hz by the ambient ground motion, system noise, and limited dynamic range. To extend the calibration to a broader frequency range, we disconnect the seismometer and take advantage of the fact that the relative amplitude response of the electronic components in most systems can be measured with high accuracy at frequencies from as low as 0.02 Hz to the Nyquist frequency (e.g., 50 Hz) using standard electronics test equipment. The low-frequency amplitude response of the seismometer can then be isolated by dividing the total system response by that obtained for the electronic components. An iterative least-squares procedure is used to estimate the natural frequency and damping coefficient of the seismometer, along with a scaling parameter that specifies the absolute gain of the system. The phase response of the system is calculated directly from the amplitude response using the Hilbert transform. The procedure assumes that the seismometer is an ideal damped harmonic oscillator and that the system as a whole acts as a minimum phase filter. The only instrumental constants that must be known from independent measurement are the seismometer calibration coil force constant and the inertial mass.
Psychometric properties of the anxiety sensitivity index-3 in an acute and heterogeneous treatment sample

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is associated with various forms of psychopathology. The most common measure of AS is the anxiety sensitivity index-3 (ASI-3). The current study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the ASI-3 in an acute and comorbid population seeking treatment for a broad range of psychopathology (N=382). Results confirmed a bi-factor structure and suggested that the ASI-3 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties in a transdiagnostic sample. The ASI-3 also showed adequate sensitivity to change over the course of partial hospital treatment. Findings regarding associations between specific anxiety disorders and subscales of the ASI-3 are discussed. Overall, the current results support the use of the ASI-3 to assess AS in heterogeneous treatment-seeking samples. This work is of particular utility for researchers examining the concept of AS transdiagnostically.
Doxorubicin-induced canine CHF: advantages and disadvantages.

Background. The dog is the most commonly used laboratory animal for heart surgery research. It has been difficult, however, to develop a canine chronic heart failure model, particularly without associated significant tachycardia. Our objective is to utilize intracoronary doxorubicin at various doses to evaluate a chronic model of left ventricular dysfunction and develop a dose-response relationship. Methods. In 18 dogs, we evaluated their hemodynamic function, placed an in-dwelling intracoronary catheter, and then administered four weekly infusions of doxorubicin at 5 mg (n = 6), 10 mg (n = 6), or 15 mg (n = 6). Hemodynamic measurements were taken again at 4–5 weeks after infusion, and a final measurement at 14–18 weeks. Results (See table). In the low dose group, all six animals survived the post-infusion period. Cardiac output changed from 2.9 ± 0.2 to 2.2 ± 0.5. The medium dose group had a mortality of 33% (2/6 dogs), with a moderate decrease in cardiac output (3.1 ± 0.4 to 2.3 ± 0.3 L/min). The high dose group had a mortality of 67% (4/6 dogs), with a dramatic decrease in cardiac output (3.0 ± 0.2 L/min to 1.6 ± 0.7 L/min (p < 0.05). None of the dogs developed a significant tachycardia. Conclusion. This study reconfirms that doxorubicin, when given into the coronary arteries, induces cardiac dysfunction. It appears to be dose-dependent, but more importantly, in doses where the LV dysfunction yields overt heart failure; the mortality over 14 weeks is significant and likely unacceptable for most chronic heart failure studies. (J Card Surg 2003; 18:301-306)
Enzyme studies on nitrate and nitrite mutants of Neurospora.

Abstract Enzyme studies on four strains of nitrate mutants of Neurospora have shown that in all cases the genetic block affected the apoenzyme of nitrate reductase, either directly or indirectly. In two strains no enzyme could be detected; another had detectable enzyme only when grown at pH 6 or greater; and the fourth strain, which had no nitrate reductase, produced a heat-labile inhibitor of wild-type nitrate reductase. Enzyme and growth studies were made on five different types of nitrite mutants, comprising eight strains. Only one strain was found to have low nitrite reductase, whereas three had low nitrate reductase. Two accumulated considerable hydroxylamine and nitrite in the culture medium. One strain was pH sensitive and required pyridoxine for growth. Under conditions of pyridoxine deficiency, nitrite accumulated and nitrite reductase activity was decreased. A tentative scheme for nitrate reduction in Neurospora has been made. The scheme is based on studies of growth, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, dinitrobenzene reductase, and measurements of the accumulation of intermediate products of reduction in the culture medium. The possibility that free hydroxylamine is an intermediate of nitrite reduction, and the relationship of pyridoxine to nitrate and nitrite utilization are discussed.
The vibrating wire electrode as an amperometric detector for flow-injection systems

Abstract The application of vibrating wire electrodes for amperometric detection in flow-injection systems is reported. Equations of response for these electrodes in a flow-through cell are derived and verified experimentally. The applicability of the equation for other convective detectors in flow-through cells is discussed. A detection limit of 5 × 10−10 M iodide and a linear dynamic range of 6.3 decades were obtained for a platinum vibrating wire electrode.
Parity and charge symmetry violations in high-energy lepton pair production with polarized hadrons☆

Abstract With polarized beams or targets the nature of the neutral weak current can be explored in the production of lepton pairs in high-energy hadronic collisions. The production of lepton pair masses of order 10 GeV, if dominated by quark-antiquark annihilation process and described by the Weinberg-Salam theory, will exhibit parity violations of the order of a few tenths of a percent and charge symmetry violations of the order of a few percent due to electro-weak interference terms. Both differential and integrated asymmetries are presented here. The dependence on the polarization of the constituent quarks is discussed with emphasis on how measurements of these asymmetries yield information on the polarized quark distributions.
1969 SPE international award paper. Rheo‐optics on two continents—an example of international cooperation in science

Rheo-optical techniques for the study of crystalline polymers, developed primarily in the United States and Japan, include dynamic birefringence, X-ray diffraction, dichroism, light scattering, and fluorescence. These permit the characterization of the rates of orientation of crystals, amorphous regions, and crystalline superstructures. The application of these methods has permitted the formulation of a model for the deformation of crystalline polymers.
Nanominerals and ultrafine particles from coal fires from Santa Catarina, South Brazil

Abstract Coal mining in Santa Catarina, South Brazil, impacted the environment by means of a large number of coal waste piles emplaced over the old mine sites and the adjacent areas of the Criciuma, Urussanga, and Sideropolis. Poor disposal of coal cleaning rejects represents significant environmental concerns due to their potential influence on soils and river sediments, as well as on the surface and groundwater in the surroundings of these zones. In this research advanced analytical techniques were performed to provide an improved understanding of the complex processes related with sulfide-rich coal waste oxidation, spontaneous combustion, sequences of mineral formation, and the transport mechanisms of hazardous elements by neoformed soluble nanominerals and ultrafine particles. The results showed the presence of massive amorphous Si–Al–Fe–Ti–Zr (oxy-) hydroxides and Fe-hydr/oxides with goethite and hematite with various degrees of crystallinity, containing hazardous elements, such as Cr, Hf, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Pb, Th, U, Zr, and others. Several of the neoformed nanominerals found in the burned coal rejects are the same as those commonly associated with coal mine drainage, in which oxidation of sulfides plays an important role to environment and human health. This is the first Brazilian coal spontaneous combustion research.
Synthesis of a selenomethionine peptide and a preliminary study of transport into Escherichia coli monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography*

The tripeptide Gly-SeMet-Gly has been synthesized by a combination of solution and solid-phase methods. Increase in weight of the resin was very nearly theoretical, and purification was straightforward. Its absorption was compared to that of the corresponding peptide, Gly-Met-Gly, in E. coli using HPLC ion-exchange separation and fluorometric determination of the disappearance of peptides in the culture medium and the appearance of methionine and selenomethionine in the same culture medium. As E. coli are not known to possess extracellular peptidases, and in fact have been shown to possess transport systems for peptides, this absorption is interpreted as transport of the peptide through the cell wall and membrane into the cytoplasm, endohydrolysis of the peptide, and efflux of the peptides' amino acids. Uptake of both peptides was approximately equal, but was slowed when both peptides were present simultaneously. © Munksgaard 1995.
Vaginal Health and Infections

Vaginal infections are one of the most common reasons women seek health care. Nurses play an important role not only in the assessment and management of vaginal infections but also in educating women about vaginal health. Understanding the ecology of the vagina, performing a proper microscopy, and recognizing risk factors associated with infections are key to vaginal health.
Hepatic fibrinogen deposits in pre-eclampsia. Immunofluorescent evidence.

Abstract To investigate if fibrin (or fibrinogen), immunoglobulins and complement were present in the liver of patients with toxemia of pregnancy, we performed immunofluorescence studies on needle biopsies of pre-eclamptic women. Fibrin (or fibrinogen) outlining the hepatic sinusoids was found in all 12 cases; in two of them there were also large nodular deposits of fibrin (or fibrinogen) and to a lesser extent of IgG, IgM and C3 in areas of necrosis. Immunofluorescence study of 13 control liver biopsies, six from pregnant women, was negative. Our findings suggest that the factors involved in glomerular and hepatic injury are similar. To explain the predominant involvement of liver and kidney, we propose that in these organs, the vasospasm characteristic of toxemia is more severe; this enhanced severity, in the presence of a systemic yet mild blood hypercoagulability, would create adequate local conditions for the precipitation of fibrin-fibrinogen. (N Engl J Med 295:578–582, 1976)
Dust Emission Characteristics of Pulse- Jet-Cleaned Fabric Filters

Essentially all dust penetration through a pulse-jet filter occurred by seepage of collected dust through the filter fabric rather than by a failure to collect the dust in the first place. The flux of dust through the fabric increased with time as the dust deposit on the fabric increased; this behavior is consistent with seepage theory. The flux of dust through pulse-jet cleaned bags was measured for dusts with three size distributions (granite dust, limestone dust, and fly ash), using polyester felt fabrics with three surface treatments (untreated surface, singed surface, and surface with microporous ptfe laminate), at three superficial filtration velocities (50, 75, and 100 mm/sec). Dust type and fabric type affected the amount of dust carried by the bag at steady state; the amount of dust carried determined the flux of dust through the fabric. Measurements of flux through the bags for all 27 tests correlated well with a single parameter, which was derived assuming seepage accounts for all penetrating dust.
Multicasting in Time-varying Wireless Networks: Cross-layer Dynamic Resource Allocation

In this paper, we study the dynamic resource allocation problem for a class of time-varying wireless multicast networks with intra-multicast network coding. We provide distributed and dynamic cross-layer strategy to simultaneously achieve utility optimization and network stability under given power constraints. Our result shows when combined with Lyapunov drift technique for optimal flow control, "one shot" type of network codes, i.e., codes that restrict network coding within packets in a multicast that enter the network in the same timeslot, are sufficient to achieve performance optimality in this class of networks.
Neurophysiological examination of the corticospinal system and voluntary motor control in motor-incomplete human spinal cord injury.

This study employed neurophysiological methods to relate the condition of the corticospinal system with the voluntary control of lower-limb muscles in persons with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury. It consisted of two phases. In a group of ten healthy subjects, single and paired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex was used to study the behavior of the resulting motor evoked potentials (MEP) in lower-limb muscles. Interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 15–100 ms were examined for augmentation of test MEPs by threshold or subthreshold conditioning stimuli. The second phase of this study examined eight incomplete spinal cord injured (iSCI) subjects, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale C (n =5) and D (n =3) in whom voluntary motor control was quantified using the surface EMG (sEMG) based Voluntary Response Index (VRI). The VRI is calculated to characterize relative output patterns across ten lower-limb muscles recorded during a standard protocol of elementary voluntary motor tasks. VRI components were calculated by comparing the distribution of sEMG in iSCI subjects with prototype patterns collected from 15 healthy subjects using the same rigidly administered protocol, The resulting similarity index (SI) and magnitude values provided the measure of voluntary motor control. Corticospinal system connections were characterized by the thresholds for MEPs in key muscles. Key muscles were those that function as the prime-movers, or agonists for the voluntary movements from which the VRI data were calculated. Results include healthy-subject data that showed significant increases in conditioned MEP responses with paired stimuli of 15–50 ms ISI. Stimulus pairs of 75 and 100 ms showed no increase in MEP peak amplitude over that of the single-pulse conditioning stimulus alone, usually no response. For the iSCI subjects, 42% of the agonists responded to single-pulse TMS and 25% required paired-pulse TMS to produce an MEP. American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale component motor scores for agonist muscles, Quadriceps, Tibialis Anterior, and Triceps Surae, were significantly lower where MEPs could not be obtained (p <0.05). VRI values were also significantly lower for motor tasks with agonists that had no resting MEP (p <0.01). Therefore, the presence of a demonstrable connection between the motor cortex and spinal motor neurons in persons with SCI was related to the quality of post-injury voluntary motor control as assessed by the VRI.
The Role of Money in Keynes' Treatise Credit Market Model

Keynes' Treatise on Money was used to describe his ideas on the credit market. This was the market where equilibrium determines the rate of interest. The supply of credit, or loanable funds, was set equal to the demand for credit; variations in the interest rate were explained by shifts in these functions. Most of Keynes' early interest theories were short run; they were developed in relation to his theory of the credit cycle; he was attempting to explain why the interest rate would vary during a “slump” or an “expansion” of the economy. Some of Keynes' interest theory was also developed in relation to his attempt to rationalize Gibson's Paradox (GP), that prices and interest rates move in the same direction over time. This was Keynes' long run theory of interest.
Observational Analysis of a Gust Front to Bore to Solitary Wave Transition within an Evolving Nocturnal Boundary Layer

Abstract The evolution of a gust front to bore to solitary wave transition, and comprehensive information on the evolving nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) associated with this change, are described with analysis of radar and profiler measurements. The observations were obtained on 21 June 2002 in the Oklahoma panhandle during the International H2O Project. The evolution of this system, from a strong bore (initiated by a vigorous gust front) to a solitary wave, was observed over a 4-h period with Doppler radar and surface measurements. Detailed information on the mature bore structure was obtained by a cluster of profiling instruments including two boundary layer wind profilers, a lidar ceilometer, and a microwave profiling radiometer. A strong bore was initiated by an extensive gust front that perturbed an incipient NBL whose development (prior to sunset) was enhanced by shading from the parent mesoscale convective system. At the time of bore formation, the NBL was about 300 m deep and exhibited a surface t...
Broad-bandwidth near-IR parametric amplification in amorphous silicon waveguides

We report broad-bandwidth optical parametric amplification using a 6-mm-long hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) waveguide. Amplification is obtained over more than 55 THz (∼440 nm) centered at telecommunication wavelengths.
Swelling of clay minerals in unconsolidated porous media and its impact on permeability

Abstract This work combines core-flood experiments with X-ray μ-computed tomography (μ-CT) to investigate the swelling of clay minerals and its impact on permeability of unconsolidated porous media. Both swelling (montmorillonite) and non-swelling (kaolinite) clay were added as coatings on soda lime beads and quartz grains. Clay content varied from 1.4 to 5.5 wt.% in the montmorillonite-coated samples and from 2.0 to 6.8 wt.% in the kaolinite-coated samples. Permeability changes were monitored as a function of time using pure water. Visualization of coated bead and grains columns by μ-CT provided quantitative information on morphological changes of clay grains/coatings among dry and water-saturated samples. All clay-coated samples showed a 10–40% decrease in permeability as compared to uncoated samples. In general, permeability decreases with increasing clay content. A 39% volume increase of montmorillonite particles was observed by μ-CT immediately after the sample was saturated with water, i.e. swelling occurred almost instantaneously after water–clay contact. In contrast, kaolinite particles had a 15% volume increase, which was primarily attributed to the hydration of clay pellets by water. The calculated porosity reduction associated with clay swelling ranged from 0.4% to 1.7% including both montmorillonite- and kaolinite-coated samples. This decrease in porosity was estimated to cause only a 2–5% reduction in permeability, primarily due to the high initial porosity and permeability of the selected samples. This study presents a baseline to estimate changes in permeability as a result of clay swelling for samples with variable clay content, grain size, and porosity.
Oral vitamin a supplementation to debilitated cattle during Sahelian dry seasons

Abstract Ruminant vitamin A deficiency occurs annually in the pastoral zone of the Sahel in West Africa; Twareg herders recognize clinical signs of night blidness in their cattle during the latter half of the annual 9-month dry season. If not treated, cattle become completely blind, are unable to graze and drink with the nomadic herd and are abandoned to die. Twareg people depend upon bovine milk for their source of vitamin A, and therefore nyctalopia is noted among people subsequent to the appearance of night blindness in their cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of three vitamin A supplements (powder, bolus and injectable forms) in the treatment of bovine nyctalopia, and to attempt to raise milk vitamin A concentrations. β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations were measured in bovine milk and plasma before and after vitamin A supplementation to relate clinical signs of deficiency with the physiological concentrations and efficacy of each supplement. In the short-term study, the powder vitamin A product was superior to the bolus product in ease of administration; however, both oral products resulted in significantly increased milk vitamin A concentrations for 3 days post-treatment, while the traditional injectable product did not increase milk vitamin A level until Day 3 post-treatment. In the long-term study, oral vitamin A supplementation did not significantly increase plasma vitamin A above deficiency levels, although herder testimonials indicated both bolus and powder oral products were efficacious in alleviating bovine nyctalopia within a day of treatment and preventing recurrence for approximately 2 months.
Creating culturally sensitive and community-sensitive measures of development.

Research with ethnic minority and subcultural groups is often stymied by measures developed on samples of European Americans. This chapter presents recommendations to help researchers create measures that are sensitive to both the culture and the communities of research participants.
Glycoprotein processing in mutants of HSV-1 that induce cell fusion

Abstract The synthesis of viral-specified glycoproteins, and their appearance on cell surfaces, were compared for cells infected either with syncytial mutants of HSV-1 or with the parental strains from which the mutants were derived. The mutants MP and tsB5, representatives of two different viral genes that affect fusion, were employed in these studies. Cells infected with either mutant gave rise to reduced surface labeling of major viral-specified glycoproteins throughout infection relative to the parental strains. Putative glycoprotein precursors were synthesized in similar amounts throughout infection in mutant and wild-type infected cells. However, during a chase period after a pulse of labeling, fully glycosylated species of glycoproteins accumulated more slowly in mutant than in parent infected cells. This effect was clearly visible early in MP-infected cells and by 9 hr after infection for tsB5-infected cells, and increased thereafter. Apparently the decrease in appearance of glycoproteins on the cell surface of mutant-infected cells is due to a decrease in their rate of processing.
Hexagonal ferrite-piezoelectric composites for dual magnetic and electric field tunable 8–25 GHz microstripline resonators and phase shifters

Microwave magnetoelectric (ME) effects over 8–25 GHz have been studied in bilayers of single crystal Y-type hexagonal ferrite Ba2Zn2Fe12O22 and polycrystalline lead zirconate titanate (PZT) or single crystal lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT). The bilayers are made by epoxy bonding or eutecting bonding the ferrite and piezoelectric. The strength of ME interactions A has been measured from data on electric field E tuning of magnetic modes in the ferrite. The electric field produces a mechanical deformation in the piezoelectric and results in a shift in the ferromagnetic resonance. Bilayers of ferrite/PMN–PT have A = 10 MHz cm/kOe and is an order of magnitude higher than for ferrite-PZT. The ferrite/PMN–PT resonators could be tuned by 120 MHz with E = 12 kV/cm. Data on differential phase shift versus E indicate a differential phase shift of 50° for E = 12 kV/cm, a linear variation in the phase shift with E and an insertion loss of 4–8 dB. The bilayers are of interest for 8–25 GHz dual E- and H-tunable ferrite resonators and phase shifters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1215–1218, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26793
Impact of nonrigid motion correction technique on pixel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis of free-breathing pulmonary dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging

Purpose: To investigates the impact of nonrigid motion correction on pixel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis of free-breathing DCE-MRI in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Misalignment of focal lesions due to respiratory motion in free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) precludes obtaining reliable time–intensity curves, which are crucial for pharmacokinetic analysis for tissue characterization. Materials and Methods: Single-slice 2D DCE-MRI was obtained in 15 patients. Misalignments of SPNs were corrected using nonrigid B-spline image registration. Pixel-wise pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans, ve, and kep were estimated from both original and motion-corrected DCE-MRI by fitting the two-compartment pharmacokinetic model to the time–intensity curve obtained in each pixel. The “goodness-of-fit” was tested with χ2-test in pixel-by-pixel basis to evaluate the reliability of the parameters. The percentages of reliable pixels within the SPNs were compared between the original and motion-corrected DCE-MRI. In addition, the parameters obtained from benign and malignant SPNs were compared. Results: The percentage of reliable pixels in the motion-corrected DCE-MRI was significantly larger than the original DCE-MRI (P = 4 × 10−7). Both Ktrans and kep derived from the motion-corrected DCE-MRI showed significant differences between benign and malignant SPNs (P = 0.024, 0.015). Conclusion: The study demonstrated the impact of nonrigid motion correction technique on pixel-wise pharmacokinetic analysis of free-breathing DCE-MRI in SPNs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;33:968–973. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reaction couples of ceramic thin films prepared by CVD

Abstract A thin-film reaction-couple experiment has been designed for monitoring solid-state reactions in the electron microscope. NiO particles were deposited by chemical-vapor deposition onto bulk α-Al 2 O 3 substrates and electron-transparent α-Al 2 O 3 thin films. The NiO-α-Al 2 O 3 reaction couples were then annealed and the formation and growth of NiAl 2 O 4 were analyzed. Special crystallographic relations have been determined, and effects associated with phase transformation were examined. The experiment allows both NiO/NiAl 2 O 4 and NiAl 2 O 4 /α-Al 2 O 3 interfaces to be analyzed from the same reaction couple and provides the opportunity to characterize phase transformation kinetics for a particular interface structure.
HIGH-PRECISION CALCULATIONS OF DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS, STATIC DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES, AND ATOM-WALL INTERACTION CONSTANTS FOR ALKALI-METAL ATOMS

The van der Waals coefficients for the alkali-metal atoms from Na to Fr interacting in their ground states are calculated using relativistic ab initio methods. The accuracy of the calculations is estimated by also evaluating atomic static electric-dipole polarizabilities and coefficients for the interaction of the atoms with a perfectly conducting wall. The results are in excellent agreement with the latest data from studies of magnetic field induced Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of Na and of Rb atoms. For Cs we provide critically needed data for ultracold collision studies.
Increased resolution data from a large unit cell crystal collected at a third-generation synchrotron X-ray source.

A third-generation synchrotron source was used to collect data from crystals with a very large unit cell. There was an increase in the effective resolution of the data from 5 to 3.5 A. Data were collected on crystals of HK97 mature empty capsids, space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 580, b = 625, c = 790 A, β = 90.0°. Like other crystals with very large unit-cell dimensions, the intensity falls off rapidly as a function of resolution, with a precipitous drop beginning at 9 A resolution. Synchrotron data from these crystals were previously observed at the CHESS F1 beamline to about 3.5 A resolution, but the intensities could not be accurately measured beyond 5 A. In experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) beamline 14-BM-C, data from identical crystals could be processed to a resolution of 3.5 A. The lifetime of the crystals in the beam was increased from one exposure per crystal volume to between four and eight exposures per crystal volume. More than 500 images were collected in two trips, allowing the extension of the resolution of the data set and the structure determination to 3.5 A resolution. Factors in the increased resolution may include X-ray flux, beamline geometry and low background scatter. These results suggest that other crystals with large unit cells and pronounced intensity falloff with resolution may benefit from the use of this or similar beamlines.
Watershed Export Events and Ecosystem Responses in the Mission–Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, South Texas

While inputs from land are recognized as important resources supporting production in estuaries, the role that storm events play in resource delivery and the response of estuarine systems to pulsed inputs are less well appreciated. Temporal variations in (1) watershed export via the Mission and Aransas rivers and (2) nutrient and organic matter dynamics in Copano Bay were examined in the Mission–Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, south Texas. Inorganic nutrient, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and particulate organic matter (POM) concentrations in the rivers varied substantially with discharge, as did carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of POM. Accounting for these variations was critical for calculating robust watershed export estimates. In Copano Bay, soluble reactive phosphorus, POM, and DOM remained elevated for several months following major runoff events, whereas inorganic nitrogen was rapidly depleted. Chlorophyll-a concentrations and POC-δ13C in Copano Bay showed that increased POM concentrations were linked to enhanced in situ production.
The selection of spectral element polynomial orders for high frequency numerical wave propagation

Understanding the propagating elastic wave characteristics in materials is the foundation for quantitative Nondestructive Testing methods based on wave propagation such as guided wave ultrasonic and acoustic emission. The conventional finite element formulation requires very fine meshing and small time steps to prevent the dispersion pollution at high frequencies. The spectral finite elements reduce the required degrees of freedoms and the computation of time integration for dynamic finite element models via using high order orthogonal polynomials to define the locations of nodal coordinates. In this study, the advantage of spectral elements over conventional finite elements for frequencies up to 400 kHz is demonstrated on plane stress model of a structural steel plate. The excitation frequency is varied from 60 kHz to 400 kHz. The Legendre orthogonal polynomials with the orders of 3, 4 and 5 are selected. The required h refinements (i.e. element size) to eliminate the numerical error for three polynomial orders are identified. The results provide a guide for selecting the element sizes for different polynomial orders. The validity of the spectral element formulation is demonstrated via comparison with conventional finite element results.
Hypoglossal neuropathy in Lewis-Sumner syndrome masquerading as motor neuron disease

Lewis-Sumner syndrome (LSS) is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by multifocal weakness and wasting and associated sensory impairment1 considered to be a variant of chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIDP). LSS is associated with multifocal persistent conduction block and other signs of demyelination.1,2 We report a patient with probable LSS presenting with tongue hemiatrophy thought to have motor neuron disease. ### Case report. A 56-year-old man with chronic alcoholism presented to the neuromuscular clinic with a 6-year history of progressive painless right arm weakness and right hand paresthesias and a 2-year history of left arm weakness, burning pain, and numbness in the feet, and falls. On evaluation by another neurologist immediately following symptom onset, he was found to have tongue atrophy and fasciculations, right arm weakness and wasting, and decreased sensation in the right hand. MRI of the brain and cervical spinal cord, anti-GM1 antibodies, and genetic testing for Kennedy’s disease were unrevealing. Electrodiagnostic study, limited to sensory and motor nerve conduction study of the right median and ulnar nerves, demonstrated a mildly prolonged median distal motor latency and reduced median sensory nerve conduction velocity across …
The Relative Strength of Verbal versus Nonverbal Cues

A caveat is issued regarding simplistic comparisons of the potency of verbal versus nonverbal cues. To illustrate the danger, data are reported from a study in which high school students judged the meaning communicated by various face-sentence pairings. Judgments were shown to be highly dependent on the nature of the questions asked.
Collection of vapors of selected chlorocarbons and benzene on Tenax GC

Abstract Breakthrough and retention volume studies have been done for a series of chlorocarbon compounds on Tenax GC adsorbent with results compared to data of other workers. Initial data indicates that carrier velocity (Time to establish equilibrium) may significantly effect retention of these chemicals.
Linear pursuit-evasion games with bounded state spaces

The problem of linear pursuit-evasion games with bounded state spaces is considered. Some sufficient conditions for optimality are established, and an example is given.
Parallelism in the Lab and the Field: Testing Robustness of the Minimum‐Contributing‐Set Mechanism

Efforts to “test” public-goods provision mechanisms in field settings encounter a fundamental obstacle: investigators cannot determine whether the aggregate valuation of the public good exceeds the cost. Experimental laboratory settings can fix the provision of the public good to be efficient. This allows investigation of the performance of the mechanism under potential field settings. This paper reports the results of a set of laboratory experiments designed to test the robustness of the minimum-contributing-set (MCS) mechanism to field conditions. The reported results support further use and investigation of the MCS mechanism for the provision of step-level public goods.
Differential Operator Rings for Which Homogeneous Functions are Linear

Let e be the collection of those rings S such that, for every S-module V and every homogeneous function ƒ. V → V, ƒ(sv) = sƒ(v), s ∈ S, v ∈ V, ƒ is linear on V. In this paper we characterize those Stanley-Reisner rings, R, such that D(R) is in e.
Phencyclidine increases vesicular dopamine uptake

Phencyclidine (PCP) rapidly (within 1 h) increased vesicular dopamine uptake and binding of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2) ligand, dihydrotetrabenazine. Uptake returned to basal values 3 h in the striatum after a high-dose administration of this drug (15 mg/kg i.p.). In contrast, a similar pretreatment with another non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, dizocilpine;([5R,10S]-[+]-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine; MK-801; 1 mg/kg, i.p.), was without effect on vesicular dopamine uptake. Pretreatment with the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, eticlopride, blocked the increase in vesicular dopamine uptake caused by PCP administration. These data demonstrate a heretofore unreported mechanism that may contribute to the ability of PCP to influence dopamine neuronal function and exert its pharmacological effects.
Limits of sequences of operators on spaces of vector valued functions

We generalize the celebrated theorem of Stein on the maximal operator of a sequence of translation invariant operators, from the scalar case to vector valued functions.
Replication and occlusion of a granulosis virus in larval and adult midgut epithelium of the western grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina brillians

Abstract The histopathology of a granulosis virus (GV) isolated from the western grapeleaf skeletonizer, Harrisina brillians (Lepidoptera; Zygaenidae), was studied in histological sections and wet mounts of this species. In contrast to all other known GVs, the principal site of infection for this virus was the midgut epithelium. In fourth instars exposed to virus, infection resulted in almost complete destruction of the midgut epithelium and host death by 6 days post-treatment. Infected gut cells in both larvae and adults supported complete replication of the virus, including the production and occlusion of virions. After infection, epithelial cells detached from the basement membrane and sloughed into the midgut lumen. Many larvae developed a diarrhea 2 to 4 days after infection which contained feces highly infectious to other larvae. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intact GV in these feces. The meconium collected from adults which survived infection as larvae was also highly infectious. These results suggest that horizontal and vertical routes of transmission made possible by the replication of this GV in the midgut epithelium contribute substantially to its ability to spread quickly throughout and decimate populations of H. brillians . Despite its atypical biology, the physical characteristics of this GV were similar to those of other GVs. The occlusion bodies were granular in shape, approximately 150 × 300–400 nm in size, and contained virions of averaging 80 × 200 nm. The estimated size of the genome was 120 kb pairs based on fragments generated by digestion of the viral DNA with the restriction endonucleases Eco RI and Hin dIII.
High-Stakes Test Accommodations: Documentation Review by Testing Agencies in an Era of Change.

Given the latest reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and evolving views on the identification of cognitive disabilities in special education, many high school ...