cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyst Fluid Glucose is Rapidly Feasible and Accurate in Diagnosing Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts

Cyst Fluid Glucose is Rapidly Feasible and Accurate in Diagnosing Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts
P-Bar theory

In this paper we propose a method for identifying the semantic context of segments of text within a larger document. Our method is based on an extension ofChomsky’s x-bar theory. We adapt the xbar concept of headedness to a coarser granularity of text, such as paragraphs. Using this method, which we call P-bar, we map a set of vocabulary domains to a unique semantic context.Using a rule-based errordriven algorithm, we show that this approach has significant context identification skill within a Rayleigh-Ritz like approximation framework.
Politics and the Rule of Law in Transnational Judicial Governance: The Case of Forum Non Conveniens

Domestic courts play an important role in the regulation of transnational economic activity, which I refer to as "transnational judicial governance." However, because judicial politics scholars have focused primarily on matters of domestic policy and international relations scholars have virtually ignored domestic legal institutions, we have very little knowledge about how domestic courts behave as global governors and why. In particular, are the determinants of domestic court decisionmaking in transnational judicial governance primarily political, as leading theories of judicial decisionmaking and international relations would suggest? Or, given the distinct nature of domestic courts as legal institutions, is transnational judicial governance instead based on the rule of law? To answer this question, this paper focuses on one important example of transnational judicial governance decisionmaking: the choice between the assertion of domestic adjudicative authority and deference to foreign adjudicative authority over transnational activity based on the doctrine of forum non conveniens. Drawing on theories of judicial decisionmaking, international relations, private international law, and bounded rationality, and using statistical and qualitative analysis of an original dataset of over 200 forum non conveniens decisions in U.S. district courts, I test a series of hypotheses about the political and rule-of-law factors that determine the choice between domestic and foreign adjudicative authority. I find that rule-of-law factors predominate. Although U.S. district court judges are more likely to defer to foreign governance authority if the foreign state is a liberal democracy, Republican judges are no less likely than Democratic judges to defer to foreign governance authority; and the most important factor appears to be the use of a particular decisionmaking shortcut or "heuristic" that allows judges to make legally competent choices between domestic and foreign authority while conserving scarce decisionmaking resources.
FEC and pseudo-ARQ for receiver-driven layered multicast of audio and video

We consider the problem of joint source/channel coding of real-time sources, such as audio and video, for the purpose of multicasting over the Internet. The sender injects into the network multiple source layers and multiple channel (parity) layers, some of which are delayed relative to the source. Each receiver subscribes to the number of source layers and the number of channel layers that optimizes the source-channel rate allocation for that receiver's available bandwidth and packet loss probability. We augment this layered FEC system with layered ARQ. Although feedback is normally problematic in broadcast situations, ARQ is simulated by having the receivers subscribe and unsubscribe to the delayed channel coding layers to receive missing information. This pseudo-ARQ scheme avoids an implosion of repeat requests at the sender, and is scalable to an unlimited number of receivers. We show gains of up to 18 dB on channels with 20% loss over systems without error control, and additional gains of up to 13 dB when FEC is augmented by pseudo-ARQ in a hybrid system. The hybrid system is controlled by an optimal policy for a Markov decision process.
Temporal Multi-View Inconsistency Detection for Network Traffic Analysis

In this paper, we investigate the problem of identifying inconsistent hosts in large-scale enterprise networks by mining multiple views of temporal data collected from the networks. The time-varying behavior of hosts is typically consistent across multiple views, and thus hosts that exhibit inconsistent behavior are possible anomalous points to be further investigated. To achieve this goal, we develop an effective approach that extracts common patterns hidden in multiple views and detects inconsistency by measuring the deviation from these common patterns. Specifically, we first apply various anomaly detectors on the raw data and form a three-way tensor (host, time, detector) for each view. We then develop a joint probabilistic tensor factorization method to derive the latent tensor subspace, which captures common time-varying behavior across views. Based on the extracted tensor subspace, an inconsistency score is calculated for each host that measures the deviation from common behavior. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on two enterprise-wide network-based anomaly detection tasks. An enterprise network consists of multiple hosts (servers, desktops, laptops) and each host sends/receives a time-varying number of bytes across network protocols (e.g.,TCP, UDP, ICMP) or send URL requests to DNS under various categories. The inconsistent behavior of a host is often a leading indicator of potential issues (e.g., instability, malicious behavior, or hardware malfunction). We perform experiments on real-world data collected from IBM enterprise networks, and demonstrate that the proposed method can find hosts with inconsistent behavior that are important to cybersecurity applications.
Heat Transfer in the Oscillating Turbulent Boundary Layer

Measurements of local heat transfer coefficients in the fully established oscillating turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate are reported. In the range of frequencies from 0.1 to 200 cps and amplitudes from 8 to 92 percent of the freestream mean velocity increases in local Nusselt numbers of 3 to 5 percent were found. It is concluded that substantial increases in local coefficients sometimes reported in oscillating flows of low standing wave ratio may be traced to reduced transition Reynolds numbers.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
Vulnerability research and the issue of primary prevention

The goal of primary prevention of psychiatric disorder is a laudatory one, which unfortunately can not be realized in the absence of scientific knowledge about etiology. This paper focuses on an emergent strategy for acquiring such knowledge: the study of children who are vulnerable to the development of psychopathology in adulthood.
Influence of Grinding, Cooking and Refrigerated Storage on Lipid Stability in Turkey

Abstract Frozen whole tom turkeys were thawed at 3° C. and samples were either roasted whole or boned, ground and broiled as patties. TBA values were determined to estimate development of lipid oxidation in breast, thigh, skin and natural proportion combinations. TBA values were highest from ground, cooked patties held 7 days at 3° C., followed, respectively, by ground patties held 7 days, roasted meat held 7 days, freshly broiled patties, freshly roasted meat and freshly ground patties. Stability of turkey meat was therefore influenced by cooking, grinding and storage, and the combination resulted in maximum lipid oxidation. Variations in lipid stability among meat source (breast, thigh, skin) were less than among processing treatments.
Neutron scattering study of the structural change induced by photopolymerization of AOT/D2O/dodecyl acrylate inverse microemulsions.

Small-angle and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS/USANS) measurements were used to determine the structural changes induced by photopolymerization of AOT/D2O/(dodecyl acrylate) inverse micr...
Theory of Diamagnetism of Cadmium Alloys

The contribution to the diamagnetism of cadmium coming from the region around the vertical edges of the Brillouin zone has been calculated. The calculation consisted of the application of Fukuyama's formula to the Bennett-Falicov model. The results explain the types and magnitudes of the structures observed by Svechkarev and Kuzmicheva in the susceptibility curves of Cd-Mg and Cd-Hg alloys.
Transient cardiac arrhythmia induced by nonpenetrating trauma to the chest.

Abstract 1. 1. Transient cardiac arrhythmia induced by nonpenetrating trauma to the chest has been reported only rarely, an extensive review of the literature revealing only 17 cases followed by apparently complete recovery. It is quite probable that the reported cases represent only a fraction of the true incidence and that increasing awareness of the possibility coupled with more common use of the electrocardiograph will detect cases more frequently. 2. 2. The available literature does not lend itself to statistical analysis, but approximately two-thirds of the reported instances of cardiac arrhythmia in traumatic heart disease were associated with other demonstrable permanent cardiac lesions, and in a number of cases, with death. Therefore, the presence of cardiac arrhythmia in nonpenetrating chest trauma must not be regarded lightly. 3. 3. It seems most likely that the transient arrhythmias are due to contusion of the right auricle in the region of the conduction system, being occasioned by compression of the heart against the liver at the right pericardiophrenic angle. 4. 4. A case of transient auricular fibrillation and one of transient supraventricular tachycardia due to nonpenetrating chest trauma in young men without antecedent history of heart disease are presented. Also reported is a case of frequent auricular extrasystoles due to chest trauma in an elderly man who had asymptomatic arteriosclerotic heart disease. In each instance, as far as could be determined clinically, there was no evidence of permanent cardiac injury.
A parathyroid-related peptide induces transcaltachia (the rapid, hormonal stimulation of intestinal Ca2+ transport).

PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) has been shown to be responsible for the hormonal hypercalcemia of malignancy. Previously, we demonstrated that both 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 and the N-terminal fragment of PTH (1–34) stimulates the rapid transport of Ca2+ (transcaltachia) in the perfused chick intestine. Since there is a sequence homology between these two hormones in the n-terminal fragment, in this study we examined the effect of PTHrP(1–40) on stimulation of transcaltachia in the perfused chick duodenum. The results indicate that the maximal stimulation of transcaltachia occurs at 50 pM PTHrP(1–40), and that the dose-response curve is biphasic in nature. Perfusion with 25 pM, 50 pM, 100 pM or 200 pM PTHrP(1–40) for 40 min increases the transport of Ca2+ in perfused intestine 1.8-, 3.0-, 2.4- and 1.6- fold, respectively. The response is rapid, occurring within 10 min of introduction of the PTHrP. The Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine, which is known to abolish the transcaltachic effect elicited by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3, also inhibited the rapid transport of Ca2+ stimulated by PTHrP(1–40). The transcaltachic effect of PTHrP(1–40) may be mediated by a signal transduction pathway in which Ca2+ channels are activated.
294: Quantifying the risk of severe perineal lacerations in the setting of a protracted second stage

in the setting of a protracted second stage Hindi Stohl, Lisa Korst, Joseph Ouzounian University of Southern California Los Angeles County Medical Center, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USC Keck School of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA OBJECTIVE: Multiple risk factors are known to be associated with third and fourth degree perineal lacerations (TFPL), and only a few are potentially modifiable. We quantified the risk of TFPL in the setting of a long second stage, when the clinician is faced with the alternatives of the potential interventions of cesarean delivery (CD), instrumental vaginal delivery (ID), and spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) with episiotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Using a database for a single institution from 19952004, all singleton, term, liveborn deliveries to women without a history of a previous CD were selected. The study was limited to nulliparas who labored at least 1.5 hours and multiparas who labored at least 1.0 hour during the second stage. Women with and without epidural anesthesia were included. TFPL rates were calculated for those women undergoing CD, ID, and SVD with and without episiotomy. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for SVD to test for the association of episiotomy with TFPL. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 1555 nulliparas and 969 multiparas. Among nulliparas, for each of the delivery routes (% of study population), TFPL rates were: CD (12.9%): 0%; ID (14.9%): 48.7%; SVD with episiotomy (16.9%): 24.3%; and SVD without episiotomy (55.5%):8.7%. Among multiparas, these rates were: CD (10.7%):0%; ID (7.2%):21.4%; SVD with episiotomy (9.9%):20.8%; and SVD without episiotomy (72.1%):3.0%. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for episiotomy was 3.37 (2.31-4.92) for nulliparas and 8.32 (4.2416.34) for multiparas for the outcome of TFPL. CONCLUSION: Alternative interventions for management of a protracted second stage yielded substantially different TFPL rates. Use of instrumental delivery and/or episiotomy increased these rates in both nulliparous and multiparous women.
Psychological Reactions of Individuals at Risk for AIDS During an Experimental Drug Trial

In an attempt to examine the impact of experimental drug testing on psychological distress in individuals at risk for AIDS; 26 asymptomatic homosexual and bisexual men, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were assessed at the opening and closing phases of a 12-week trial of the antiviral agent ribavirin. Drug study participants reported significantly more emotional distress than a comparison group of seropositive men who were not receiving experimental treatment. The high level of distress evidenced by the present sample at the beginning of the experimental trial did not impede adherence, decrease over the period of the study, or relate to subjects’ beliefs that they were receiving a placebo; however, distress did relate to subjects’ perceptions of how HIV test results were communicated prior to entry into the study. These findings suggest both the feasibility of placebo-controlled studies in this distressed population and provide a focus for psychoeducational counseling.
Antibiotic Therapy of Aortic Graft Infection: Treatment and Prevention Recommendations

Surgical site infection (SSI) after aortic intervention, an uncommon but serious vascular condition, requires patient-specific antibiotic therapy. Effective treatment and prevention requires the vascular surgeon to be cognizant of changing SSI microbiology, advances in antibiotic delivery, and patient characteristics. The majority of aortic graft infections are caused by Gram-positive bacteria, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus now the prevalent pathogen. Nasal carriage of methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant S aureus strains, diabetes mellitus, recent hospitalization, a failed arterial reconstruction, and the presence of a groin incision are important SSI risk factors. Overall, the aortic SSI rate is higher than predicted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance risk category system; ranging from 5% after open or endovascular aortic interventions to as high as 10% to 15% after aortofemoral bypass or uni-aortoiliac grafting with femorofemoral bypass. Perioperative measures to reduce S aureus nares and skin colonization, administration of antibiotic prophylaxis, meticulous wound closure/care, and therapy directed to optimize patient host defense regulation mechanisms (eg, temperature, oxygenation, blood sugar) can minimize SSI occurrence. Antibiotic therapy for aortic graft infection should utilize bactericidal drugs that penetrate bacteria biofilms and can be delivered to the surgical site both parenterally and locally in the form of antibiotic-impregnated beads or prosthetic grafts.
The infrared spectra of organophosphorus compounds in the CsBr region

Abstract The infrared absorption spectra of organophosphorus compounds of the type GOG'PO(OH), (GO)2PO(OH), (GO)2G'PO and (GO)3PO 1 have been investigated from 275 to 650 cm−1. Absorption in the 600 cm−1 region appears to be associated with the P-Oϕ group and absorption in the 530 cm−1 region with the Pϕ group.
Research strategies toward improving thin-film CdTe photovoltaic devices beyond 20% conversion efficiency

Abstract Recent studies of thin-film CdS/CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices have suggested that a significantly higher device performance will not be achieved unless recombination in the CdTe is reduced. Although some control of CdTe recombination has been achieved historically through the careful incorporation of oxygen, chlorine, and copper, we believe a more promising avenue to higher device performance is by controlling the defects in the as-deposited CdTe. This is supported by theoretical studies that suggest much of the improvement associated with oxygen, chlorine, and copper is due to the interaction of these species with intrinsic defects related to cadmium and tellurium vacancies, interstitials, and anti-sites in the bulk as well as within the grain boundary regions. Several research projects at NREL are currently focused on altering CdTe deposition and post-deposition processes to allow for enhanced control of the as-deposited intrinsic defects. This paper discusses initial results in which process changes expected to alter the as-deposited defects are also observed to affect junction evolution and device functionality.
Transition-State Alkylation Geometries of 7,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[α]pyrene Enantiomeric Isomers with Nucleic Acid Dimers

Abstract The steric contact spaces associated with the reaction of the enantiomeric isomers of 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[α]pyrene (I) with the exocyclic amino group of guanine of dinucleoside dimer structures were examined for a fixed transition-state geometry. This reaction is sterically prohibited for the B form DNA conformation. If, however, the nucleic acid structure is deformed, such that the distance between two adjacent base pairs (one containing guanine and cytosine) is maximized, sterically allowed transition-state geometries can be identified. It was not possible to uniquely identify the preferred transition-state complex with respect to nucleic acid structure or isomer of I. However, two types of general transition-state geometries were observed. In one, I was located “outside” the nucleic acid structure; in the other geometry, I was intercalated between adjacent base pairs in the transition state. The intercalation process might serve as a physical catalyst for the alkylation of NH 2 -guanine by I.
Two-dimensional approach to psychophysical orientation tuning

Orientation bandwidths of psychophysical channels in the human visual system were inferred from contrast thresholds for a special class of polar-separable, two-dimensional patterns. Detection thresholds for these patterns conformed to a model with linear filtering by orientation-selective channels followed by probability summation across these channels. The number of channels (6-8 pairs) and their half-bandwidths at half-sensitivity (approximately 17 degrees) did not differ at 4 and 10 cycles/degree. The results extend the many one-dimensional, linear system models of vision to two dimensions.
Net Thermal Radiation in the Atmosphere of Venus

The four entry probes of the Pioneer Venus mission measured the radiative net flux in the atmosphere of Venus at latitudes of 60 deg. N, 31 deg. S, 27 deg. S, and 4 deg. N. The three higher latitude probes carried instruments (small probe net flux radiometers; SNFR) with external sensors. The measured SNFR net fluxes are too large below the clouds, but an error source and correction scheme have been found (H. E. Revercomb, L. A. Sromovsky, and V. E. Suomi, 1982, Icarus 52, 279-300). The near-equatorial probe carried an infrared radiometer (LIR) which viewed the atmosphere through a window in the probe. The LIR measurements are reasonable in the clouds, but increase to physically unreasonable levels shortly below the clouds. The probable error source and a correction procedure are identified. Three main conclusions can be drawn from comparisons of the four corrected flux profiles with radiative transfer calculations: (1) thermal net fluxes for the sounder probe do not require a reduction in the Mode 3 number density as has been suggested by O.B. Toon, B. Ragent, D. Colburn, J. Blamont, and C. Cot (1964. Icarus 37, 143-160), but the probe measurements as a whole are most consistent with a significantly reduced mode 3 contribution to the cloud opacity; (2) at all probe sites, the fluxes imply that the upper cloud contains a yet undetected source of IR opacity; and (3) beneath the clouds the fluxes at a given altitude increase with latitude, suggesting greater IR cooling below the clouds a( high latitudes and water vapor mixing ratios of about 2-5 x 10(exp -5) near 6 deg., 2-5 x 10(exp -11) near 30 deg., and less than 5 x 10(exp -4 ) near the equator. The suggested latitudinal variation of IR cooling is consistent with descending motions at high latitudes, and it is speculated that it could provide an important additional drive for the general circulation.
Optical properties of particle tracks in SSN TD detectors

ABSTRACT Track structures in SSNTD materials have properties which make them useful as targets in a variety of light-scattering investigations, including studies of fluorescence and Raman scattering by molecules embedded in or adsorbed onto microscopic structures as well as elastic scattering by the structures themselves. The size and, to some extent, the shape of the tracks can be varied; the usual conical shape of the tracks is of considerable interest in light scattering as well as providing a severe test for models of light scattering by particles of arbitrary shape; etched tracks can be filled with different materials to vary the refractive index or change the active molecules; the orientation with respect to the beam can be precisely determined; and image-charge effects near the bottom of SSNTD tracks used as microscopic test tubes may facilitate new and interesting chemical reactions. Some preliminary data on the elastic scattering of empty 3He tracks in CR-39 are presented. The elastically scattered signal between 60-80° is found to be proportional to the fluence of 3He tracks for different incident energies and etch times.
Community College Participation in Distance Learning for Career and Technical Education

This article presents the results of a national study of distance learning in postsecondary career and technical education (CTE). The main purpose of this study was to identify the current status and future trends associated with distance learning in postsecondary CTE. The results show that community colleges are (a) actively involved in the delivery of CTE via distance learning for the purpose of meeting the needs of their diverse student body, (b) more likely to provide credit courses via distance than noncredit courses, and (c) offering few CTE programs fully at a distance.
Update on renal tumours

This presentation will give an update on renal tumours encompassing new entities [including tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), acquired cystic disease associated RCC, clear cell tubulopapillary RCC, t(6;11) translocation carcinoma, and hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC] and emerging entities [thyroid-like follicular RCC, succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutation associated RCC, and ALK-translocation associated RCC]. A summary of the entities accepted in these categories by consensus at the International Society of Urological Pathology meeting in Vancouver in March 2012 will be given. Discussion of important familial tumours involving the kidney will be included.
Stochastic Strategic Routing Reduces Attack Effects

In this paper we consider the problem of routing traffic between k source-destination pairs. Using game theoretic modeling we provide randomized strategies to minimize the threat of attacks on links by an adversary. The adversary is assumed to have a choice of c edges for attack. We propose iterative methods to find the Nash Equilibrium of the zero-sum game. The proposed schemes have been implemented using existing network models (GEANT in Europe and the AT&T network in US) and show marked reduction in the gain of the attacker. As the gain of the attacker is related to the congestion on the edges, our schemes also reduce congestion.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Forty-nine monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)-related patents published between January 1998 and July 2002 are included in this review. They are classified and reviewed under three categories: (i) novel chemical entities, (ii) novel formulations, delivery systems and processing methods of known MAOIs and (iii) novel utilities and/or pharmaceutical compositions of known MAOIs. All novel compounds patented during this time were designed based on pharmacophores of known MAOIs: indoles, tricyclic heterocyclics, phenylethylamines, aminoindans, aliphatic propargylamines, tetrahydroisoquinolines, phenyloxazolidinones, and amidines. Among them, a series of indole and aminoindan derivatives were designed to contain dual pharmacophores and inhibit both monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE). A series of MAOI prodrugs, designed to be activated by MAOs, were also claimed. Novel drug delivery systems are claimed in the patents of the second category. The most notable of these are the transdermal therapeutic ...
Polarization measurements near isobaric analogue resonances in 117Sb, 119Sb and 121Sb

Abstract The polarization of protons elastically scattered from targets of 116 Sn, 118 Sn and 120 Sn has been measured to determine the total angular momenta J of the isobaric analogues of the ground state and several low-lying excited states of 117 Sn, 119 Sn and 121 Sn. Measurements were made in energy steps of 25 to 200 keV for protons in the energy region of 7 to 9 MeV.
Pericarditis-induced hyponatremia after cardiac electronic implantable device (CEID) procedures.

BACKGROUND Pericardial effusion along with pleural effusion is one of the rare complications of permanent pacemaker placement. Although extremely uncommon, it is more prevalent in elderly patients and may be complicated with hyponatremia. CASE REPORT We observed development of hyponatremia in association with pericardial effusion and pleural effusion, within one month after pacemaker placement in two women with BMI of <20. Case 1: An 87-year-old woman underwent implantation of a transvenous AV sequential pacemaker because of severe bradycardia and complete heart block. Three weeks later, she complained of progressive left-sided rib cage pain and poor oral intake. Her echocardiography showed a moderately large amount of pericardial effusion, but no evidence of tamponade. She also had hyponatremia (Na=119 mEq/dl). Extensive work-up suggested hyponatremia presumably due to SIADH, caused by pericardial/pleural effusion. Case 2: An 83-year-old woman with history of severe sick sinus syndrome required a transvenous Av sequential pacemaker 3 weeks before. She then presented with generalized weakness, fatigue, and poor oral intake of over one week. There was a small-moderate pericardial effusion echocardiographically, and her serum sodium was 116 mEq/dl. CONCLUSIONS Although extremely uncommon, pericarditis can develop following transvenous pacemaker insertion, which may result in hyponatremia, likely due to SIADH. The most common scenario is an elderly, petite woman with low BMI (<20), usually after using a helical screw/active fixation pacing leads, several weeks post-implant. Early recognition and therapy can significantly improve outcome and morbidity.
Examining the role of Web site information in facilitating different citizen–government relationships: A case study of state Chronic Wasting Disease Web sites

Abstract This paper develops a framework to assess the text-based public information provided on program level government agency Web sites. The framework informs the larger e-government question of how, or whether, state administrative agencies are using Web sites in a transformative capacity—to change relationships between citizens and government. It focuses on assessing the degree to which text information provided on government Web sites could facilitate various relationships between government agencies and citizens. The framework incorporates four views of government information obligations stemming from different assumptions about citizen–government relationships in a democracy: the private citizen view, the attentive citizen view, the deliberative citizen view, and the citizen–publisher view. Each view suggests inclusion of different types of information on government agency web sites. The framework is employed to assess state Web sites containing information about chronic wasting disease, a disease effecting deer and elk in numerous U.S. states and Canada.
Nasojejunal feeding tube placement using fluoroscopic guidance: technique and clinical experience in dogs

Objective: To briefly review the indications for direct intestinal feedings and describe a fluoroscopically guided technique for the placement of nasojejunal (NJ) feeding tubes in dogs. Clinical experience using the described technique is reported in 27 dogs. Data sources: Current human and veterinary literature. Original case data from client owned animals that have undergone fluoroscopically placed NJ feeding tubes for nutritional supplementation. Summary: The described technique was used for short-term enteral nutritional therapy (1–5 days). In the fluoroscopic NJ placement technique, 17 of 20 tubes advanced into the jejunum remained in place until intentional removal whereas 6 of 7 tubes advanced only to the duodenum moved retrograde. Complications included bile leakage from the externalized opening of the tube, retrograde movement of the tube when placement was proximal to the caudal duodenal flexure, sneezing, and nasal discharge. Conclusions: Clinical experience using NJ feeding tube placement under fluoroscopic guidance has revealed the technique to be a well-tolerated and reasonably reliable method of providing minimally invasive short-term direct intestinal feeding in canine patients.
Abstract B46: Collagen XXIII: A biomarker for non‐small cell lung cancer

Purpose: To determine the protein expression of collagen XXIII in tumor tissues from a variety of cancers and in tumor tissues and urine samples from non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to assess collagen XXIII9s utility as a biomarker for NSCLC. Experimental Design: A multi‐cancer tissue microarray (TMA) was used to immunohistologically examine collagen XXIII protein expression in a variety of cancers. Subsequently, collagen XXIII expression was analyzed in three separate cohorts using TMAs with representative tumor and normal control lung tissues from patients with NSCLC. In addition, urine samples from NSCLC patients were analyzed for the presence of collagen XXIII via Western blot. Results: Collagen XXIII staining was present in tissue samples from a variety of cancers. Within lung cancer tissues, collagen XXIII staining was enriched in the NSCLC subtypes. Tissues from 296 of 335 (81%) lung adenocarcinoma and 99 of 135 (73%) squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) patients had detectable collagen XXIII. In urine, collagen XXIII was present in 23 of 29 (79%) NSCLC patient samples and only 15 of 54 (28%) of control samples. There was a significant association between collagen XXIII positivity in tissue or urine and presence of NSCLC (p Conclusions: We demonstrate that collagen XXIII staining is increased in a variety of carcinomas. Specifically, collagen XXIII is expressed in a large subset of NSCLC patient tissue and urine samples, suggesting its utility as a potential NSCLC biomarker. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B46.
“The eyes of our ancestors have a message”: Studio photographs at fort sumner, New Mexico, 1866

The reactions of Navajo consultants to select portraits of Navajo girls and women taken at Fort Sumner—where 9,000 Navajo were incarcerated from 1863 to 1868— which were shown to them during interviews in 1991, are examined critically within the framework of current theories regarding issues of representation and authenticity. The historical and cultural contexts within which these images were constructed are examined to demonstrate what must be taken into consideration in order for these haunting images to be used effectively as tools by which to educate contemporary Navajo about this devastating period in their collective history. Criticism of the cultural construction of these photographs is undertaken within the frame of several strands of thought, including the nature of United States/Indian relations during the 1860s; oral and written accounts of the period; formal analysis of hand‐woven garments; technical aspects of the photographic equipment of the period which influenced the final product; the p...
Foliage attenuation and backscatter analysis of SAR imagery

The ability of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to detect targets under foliage is in part determined by the attenuation suffered by radiation propagating through the foliage and the backscatter from the foliage. MIT Lincoln Laboratory made measurements of foliage attenuation and backscatter using the NASA/JPL-UHF, L-, C-band fully-polarimetric SAR in July 1990. In this experiment, a 48 km/sup 2/ forested area near Portage, Maine was imaged. Twenty-seven 8 ft trihedral corner reflectors were arrayed throughout the imaged area in order to measure foliage attenuation. Ground truth was recorded at the time of the experiment in order to correlate the attenuation and backscatter results with foliage biophysical properties. The probability densities for foliage attenuation and for backscatter are determined as functions of frequency, polarization, and depression angle.
Noninvasive quantification of pancreatic fat in humans.

Objective: To validate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a tool for non-invasive quantification of pancreatic triglyceride (TG) content and to measure the pancreatic TG content in a diverse human population with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and glucose control. Methods: To validate the MRS method, we measured TG content in the pancreatic tissue of 12 lean and 12 fatty ZDF rats (ages 5–14 weeks) both by MRS and the gold standard biochemical assay. We used MRS to measure pancreatic TG content in vivo in 79 human volunteers. Additionally, to assess the reproducibility of the method, in 33 volunteers we obtained duplicate MRS measurements 1–2 weeks apart. Results: MRS quantifies pancreatic TG content with high reproducibility and concordance to the biochemical measurement (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.91). In humans, median pancreatic TG content was as follows: (1) normal weight and normoglycemic group 0.46 f/w%, (2) overweight or obese but normoglycemic group 3.16 f/w%, (3) imp...
SiO2-Coated CdTe nanowires: Bristled nano centipedes

CdTe nanowires with bristled SiO2 coatings resembling nanoscale centipedes were produced in a modified Stober process when mercaptosuccinic acid was used as a stabilizer. The reason for the unusual morphology of the coating is believed to be the nonuniform distribution of the stabilizers on the surface of the nanowire. Atomistic calculations of CdTe nanoparticles as a simplified model of a nanowire surface reveal that phase separation of the mercaptosuccinic acid and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane is an energetically favorable process. These data indicate that the heterogeneity of the nanocolloid surface is an important property that may be taken advantage of for preparation of nanostructures of high complexity. From a practical perspective, the centipede nanowires can be a uniquely useful material for high-strength nanoscale composites.
Studies on the human plasma kallikrein-kinin system: α-kallikrein does not directly activate blood neutrophils

Abstract α-Kallikrein was prepared using an improved purification protocol (Burger, D., Schleuning, W.-D. and Schapira, M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 324–327) and was employed to reevaluate our previous observations indicating that kallikrein activates blood neutrophils by a mechanism requiring an uncleaved M r 52,000 NH 2 - terminal heavy chain. Cellular activation was evaluated by measuring neutrophil aggregation, release of both vitamin B 12 binding capacity and myeloperoxidase, and generation of superoxide anion. Whereas all these indicators were evoked by exposing neutrophils to f-Met-Leu-Phe, phorbol myristate acetate, zymosan activated serum, or the calcium ionophore A 23187, we show here that neutrophils incubated with α-kallikrein remained unactivated. Moreover, we demonstrate that this lack of activation is accompanied by an inability of neutrophils to specifically bind α-kallikrein.
A Phase II Trial of Deferoxamine in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer

The management of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer remains a therapeutic dilemma. We report the results of a phase II trial with deferoxamine administrated at a dose of 50 mg/kg (maximum dose 5 g) administered intravenously over 8 hr daily, repeated for 5 days at 4-week intervals for 2 courses. Fourteen patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer were treated and 28 courses were delivered. Essentially no toxicity was observed. Using combined clinical and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) criteria. 13 of 14 patients had disease progression. However, 9 of 14 patients had stable measurable or evaluable disease and progressed solely based on PSA criteria. Deferoxamine in this dose and schedule has no activity in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Further investigation of the effect of deferoxamine on PSA production/expression is warranted.
Phencyclidine impairs temporal order memory for spatial locations in rats

The effects of phencyclidine (PCP), an NMDA antagonist, was assessed on a complex task that has been shown to be dependent on hippocampal function. This task required memory for the temporal order of spatial locations. Rats were given IP injections of saline or PCP (3-4 mg/kg) on a double alternation schedule. With PCP injections rats were severely impaired relative to saline injections. Furthermore, PCP was shown to have no effects on the ability of rats to discriminate three-dimensional objects (a task that is not dependent on hippocampal function). The present data, in conjunction with previous results, suggest that the involvement of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus might be a function of the complexity of the task.
LightScribe Direct Disc Labeling

Recordable CD and DVD discs enable custom content, creating the demand for custom labeling. LightScribe Direct Disc Labeling leverages optical recording technology to create labels with the same drive used to record the data.
Seismicity Rate Changes along the Central California Coast due to Stress Changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield Earthquakes

Abstract We investigated the relationship between seismicity rate changes and modeled Coulomb static stress changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes in central California. Coulomb stress modeling indicates that the San Simeon mainshock loaded parts of the Rinconada, Hosgri, and San Andreas strike-slip faults, along with the reverse faults of the southern Los Osos domain. All of these loaded faults, except for the San Andreas, experienced a seismicity rate increase at the time of the San Simeon mainshock. The Parkfield earthquake occurred 9 months later on the loaded portion of the San Andreas fault. The Parkfield earthquake unloaded the Hosgri fault and the reverse faults of the southern Los Osos domain, which both experienced seismicity rate decreases at the time of the Parkfield event, although the decreases may be related to the decay of San Simeon-triggered seismicity. Coulomb stress unloading from the Parkfield earthquake appears to have altered the aftershock decay rate of the southern cluster of San Simeon aftershocks, which is deficient compared to the expected number of aftershocks from the Omori decay parameters based on the pre-Parkfield aftershocks. Dynamic stress changes cannot explain the deficiency of aftershocks, providing evidence that static stress changes affect earthquake occurrence. However, a burst of seismicity following the Parkfield earthquake at Ragged Point, where the static stress was decreased, provides evidence for dynamic stress triggering. It therefore appears that both Coulomb static stress changes and dynamic stress changes affect the seismicity rate.
A license to practice software engineering

The enduring effort to infuse more engineering discipline into software development has brought several issues to the forefront: standards, best practices, and, perhaps the most controversial, licensing and certification. To get an update on this area, I spoke with an expert: Leonard Tripp, Boeing Technical Fellow and past president of the IEEE Computer Society.
A triggered spark gap with rotating electrodes

Abstract A spark gap used for triggering a spark counter is described, featuring rotating Sparkonite electrodes. It operates for more than 10 8 firings without apparent deterioration of characteristics.
Antimicrobial and Membrane Disrupting Activities of a Peptide Derived from the Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL37

A 21-residue peptide segment, LL7-27 (RKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDF), corresponding to residues 7-27 of the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, LL37, is shown to exhibit potent activity against microbes (particularly Gram-positive bacteria) but not against erythrocytes. The structure, membrane orientation, and target membrane selectivity of LL7-27 are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and NMR experiments. An anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid uptake assay reveals two distinct modes of Escherichia coli outer membrane perturbation elicited by LL37 and LL7-27. The circular dichroism results show that conformational transitions are mediated by lipid-specific interactions in the case of LL7-27, unlike LL37. It folds into an alpha-helical conformation upon binding to anionic (but not zwitterionic) vesicles, and also does not induce dye leakage from zwitterionic lipid vesicles. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms show that LL7-27 is completely integrated with DMPC/DMPG (3:1) liposomes, but induces peptide-rich and peptide-poor domains in DMPC liposomes. (15)N NMR experiments on mechanically aligned lipid bilayers suggest that, like the full-length peptide LL37, the peptide LL7-27 is oriented close to the bilayer surface, indicating a carpet-type mechanism of action for the peptide. (31)P NMR spectra obtained from POPC/POPG (3:1) bilayers containing LL7-27 show substantial disruption of the lipid bilayer structure and agree with the peptide's ability to induce dye leakage from POPC/POPG (3:1) vesicles. Cholesterol is shown to suppress peptide-induced disorder in the lipid bilayer structure. These results explain the susceptibility of bacteria and the resistance of erythrocytes to LL7-27, and may have implications for the design of membrane-selective therapeutic agents.
Children's reasoning about responses to peer aggression: Victim's and witness's expected and prescribed behaviors

This research examined children's reasoning about expected (i.e., what a peer would do) and prescribed (i.e., what a peer should do) responses to unprovoked, intentional aggressive actions in two contexts: as a victim of such a transgression and as a witness to the incident, Physical harm and property damage items were used in a structured interview format, There were 90 subjects drawn from three elementary school grades (2nd, 4th, and 6th), Children differentiated between the expected and prescribed responses of peers and significant developmental differences in children's evaluations were found, Although the majority of the subjects in all grades denounced retaliation on the basis of concerns about others' welfare, older children stated that peers were likely to retaliate against the perpetrator nonetheless, Across different contexts, older children's responses appeared to reveal a greater independence from authority in negotiating peer interactions, In evaluating the witness's responses to aggressive acts, younger children's expected and prescribed responses were less disparate than that of the older children, The utility of including different vantage points of the child in examining children's social reasoning about aggression and the application of the present findings to social information-processing models are discussed..
Carrier-carrier scattering: An experimental comparison of bulk GaAs and GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells.

The energy loss of a hot electron to a thermalized electron-hole plasma has been studied using the optical recombination of a hot electron at a neutral acceptor. The dependence of the energy-loss rate on plasma density was measured in both bulk and quantum-well samples. In bulk, the energy-loss rate is significantly sublinear as a result of screening. In quantum wells, the rate is nearly linear in plasma density, showing that screening is less important. Measurements in an asymmetric coupled-well sample show that the interaction between a hot electron in one well and a plasma in an adjacent well is much weaker than if they are in the same well.
Numerical Calculations of the Linear Response of a Gaseous Disk to a Protoplanet

Numerical calculations of the linear response of a 2D gaseous disk to the perturbations induced by a protoplanet and the corresponding torque are presented. When the pressure gradient is taken into account, torques are increased in disks with gradients in either surface density and sound speed, the effect of the latter being much greater for the same-sized gradient as measured by the power law index. The torques in turn may be used to calculate timescales for orbital migration of protoplanets.
Rescuing Critique: On the Ghetto Photography of Camilo Vergara

This article explores the work of the contemporary sociologist and urban photographer, Camilo Vergara. The piece draws on early work in critical theory to characterize Vergara's work as 'rescuing critique'. Specifically, the article maintains that it is only in the theoretical vocabulary of Walter Benjamin that the methodological uniqueness, historical sensitivity and critical thrust of Vergara's project can be adequately understood. Indeed, it is argued that what is truly distinct about Vergara's work is the decidedly Benjaminian way in which, in the ruinous present of neoliberal 'progress', it fuses the aesthetic power of images with an anamnestic obligation to the urban past. In such a fusion, Vergara's photo-ethnographies of America's new ghettos raise critical questions about what has - and might yet -become of such places, and those who inhabit them.