cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Craft and Social Identity

Crafting and craft objects intersect with all cultural domains: economic, social, political, and ritual. Craft goods are social objects that assume an importance beyond household maintenance and reproduction. They signify and legitimize group membership and social roles, and become reserves of wealth, storing intrinsically valuable materials and the labor invested in their manufacture. Specialized craft producers are actors involved in the creation and maintenance of social networks, wealth, and social legitimacy. Artisans and consumers must accept, create or negotiate the social legitimacy of production and the conditions of production and distribution, usually defined in terms of social identity. The nature of that process defines the organization of production and the social relations of production that characterize the relationships between producers and consumers. Without attention to artisan identity, our reconstructions of production systems and explanations for their form and dynamic are destined to be unidimensional and unidirectional, lacking in key elements of social process and social behavior. It is this deficiency in the extant literature we hope to address in this volume.
OBJECTIVE RESPONSE OF MALIGNANT CARCINOID TO RADIATION THERAPY

In a retrospective review, we were able to identify records for 18 patients who were treated for malignant carcinoid in our Departments of Radiation Oncology from 1974-1985. At postmortem examination, one was found not to have malignant carcinoid. In 4 cases irradiation was administered postoperatively to patients whose subsequent courses did not permit assessment of objective response. Using standard criteria for objective response, an objective response rate of 54% was observed in the 13 cases whose records were adequate to make this assessment. Of the 7 responses, 3 were complete within the treated field as judged by clinical findings (2 patients) or postmortem examination (1 patient). Of the 6 nonresponders, 2 interrupted treatment prematurely, 2 were treated to a planned dose of only 2000 and 2500 cGy, and 2 were treated palliatively to limited ports which included only partial volumes of tumor. We conclude that radiation therapy is an effective treatment modality with a high rate of objective response in the management of those patients with malignant carcinoid tumors who require non-surgical, anti-neoplastic therapy.
Competition between Pre-mRNAs for the Splicing Machinery Drives Global Regulation of Splicing

During meiosis in yeast, global splicing efficiency increases and then decreases. Here we provide evidence that splicing improves due to reduced competition for the splicing machinery. The timing of this regulation corresponds to repression and reactivation of ribosomal protein genes (RPGs) during meiosis. In vegetative cells, RPG repression by rapamycin treatment also increases splicing efficiency. Downregulation of the RPG-dedicated transcription factor gene IFH1 genetically suppresses two spliceosome mutations, prp11-1 and prp4-1, and globally restores splicing efficiency in prp4-1 cells. We conclude that the splicing apparatus is limiting and that pre-messenger RNAs compete. Splicing efficiency of a pre-mRNA therefore depends not just on its own concentration and affinity for limiting splicing factor(s), but also on those of competing pre-mRNAs. Competition between RNAs for limiting processing factors appears to be a general condition in eukaryotes for a variety of posttranscriptional control mechanisms including microRNA (miRNA) repression, polyadenylation, and splicing.
Effects of radiofrequency energy delivered through partially insulated metallic catheter tips on myocardial tissue heating and ablation lesion characteristics

Background Cardiac radiofrequency (RF) ablation is typically achieved using symmetric catheter tips, which may result in unintended heating adjacent to targeted tissue. Partial insulation may alter lesion geometry and prevent collateral heating. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess partially insulated focused ablation (PIFA). Methods Partial insulation using thermally conductive materials was applied to a 4-mm or 8-mm nonirrigated catheter and a 3.5-mm open-irrigated catheter. These PIFA tips, or their noninsulated counterparts, were applied to ex vivo viable bovine myocardium. Ablations were delivered at various powers and under temperature control. Potential clinical applicability was evaluated in vivo by targeting porcine epicardium with irrigated PIFA and assessing its protective effects on the pericardium. Results PIFA catheters exhibited different properties and produced asymmetric lesions compared with corresponding standard ablation catheters. Temperatures at 3- and 5-mm depths were higher for PIFA catheters, with a temperature increase measured at the catheter tip–tissue interface; however, in temperature control ablation, tip–tissue temperature increases did not limit power delivery. Furthermore, temperatures were lower on the insulated surface and were significantly higher on the noninsulated PIFA side. Impedance changes were significantly larger; more steam pops were observed with PIFA but were mitigated by external irrigation, a larger tip electrode, and use of more thermally conductive insulation. In contrast to standard ablation, open-irrigated PIFA created larger asymmetric lesions in vivo over porcine epicardium, without evidence of pericardial injury. Conclusion PIFA ablation has different characteristics compared with symmetrically conductive ablation. Further research is needed to assess the clinical implications of insulated catheter ablation.
Prolongation of the conduction time of early premature beats: A marker of ventricular action potential duration

The conduction time of premature ventricular complexes, which are generally quite constant throughout late diastole, abruptly prolongs during repolarization as the refractory period of the ventricle is approached (conduction time breakpoint). The relationship between the conduction time breakpoint and the recovery properties of the ventricle was examined by relating the conduction time of premature ventricular complexes to the effective refractory period and the monophasic action potential derived from the ventricular suction electrode signal. In five anesthetized dogs during ventricular drive (cathode; 2.5 Hz; three times diastolic threshold), effective refractory period and conduction times of premature ventricular complexes were derived from computerized strength-interval curves. The recovery properties of the ventricle were altered by infusion of norepinephrine, calcium, and quinidine and by cooling (29 degrees to 34 degrees C). In these circumstances, the moment of conduction time breakpoint changes correlated well (r = 0.93) with the end of the negative slope of the ventricular suction electrode signal, which suggests that the conduction time breakpoint may be an indirect marker of the ventricular action potential duration. In seven additional dogs the interval between the effective refractory period and the conduction time breakpoint, which defines the relative refractory period, was increased by 5 to 8 minutes of ischemia (coincident with height of ventricular vulnerability) and was reversed by procainamide. Procainamide is known to diminish spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias by reducing the disparity between the effective refractory period and the action potential duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A GENERALIZED BLASIUS EQUATION FOR POWER LAW FLUIDS

Making use of a generalized turbulent velocity distribution for power law fluids, a Blasius type equation was derived which explicitly relates the friction factor to a generalized Reynolds number in fully developed pipe flow. Comparison of the equation with experimental data shows an agreement of approximately ± 8% A modification of the equation to account for geometry appears to allow its application to non-circular duct flow.
Relationships between spermidine, glucocorticoid and milk proteins in different mammalian species.

Summary It was shown previously that induction of milk proteins in mouse mammary explants has an absolute requirement for glucocorticoid and spermidine, and that the latter can largely substitute for the hormone. Induction in the rabbit system was reported to be enhanced by, but not absolutely dependent on, glucocorticoids and to be independent of spermidine. It is demonstrated here that this enhancement is dependent on spermidine, although the polyamine cannot substitute for glucocorticoid. Moreover, it is also shown that the rat system represents an intermediate state: it has an absolute requirement for both glucocorticoid and spermidine, but the latter cannot mimic the steroid.
Cell division and determination of the dorsal lip in Rana pipiens embryos.

UV irradiation of vegetal halves of fertilized eggs of Rana pipiens delays the onset of gastrulation and inhibits neural induction. To test a hypothesis that delay in dorsal lip formation results from inhibition of mitotic activity in vegetal halves we examined the incorporation of thymidine H3 into DNA of whole and half irradiated embryos. Tritium labeled thymidine was injected into control and irradiated eggs and at six hour intervals samples were taken until controls had reached mid gastrula stages. Whole embryos as well as animal and vegetal halves were compared for levels of incorporation into DNA. No significant differences were seen between control and irradiated whole or animal half embryos but irradiated vegetal halves displayed a 15–20% reduction in incorporation into DNA at 18 and 24 hours. This result is consistent with (but by no means proves) the hypothesis that UV inducedgastrulation delay results from inhibition of cell division of vegetal half cells.
Somatic cell chromosome interconnections in trypan preparations of Chinese hamster testicular cells

Abstract Chromosome interconnections joining all chromosomes of a cell are present in somatic and meiotic cells of mammals. They originate at the ends of the chromosomes as extensions of the central axis of the chromosome or chromosome pair and they join the ends of other chromosomes sometimes passing through anastomoses. They are highly elastic single strands with differentiation of light and dark, thick and thin areas. Mouse pachytene interconnections are unusual in that strands arising from the short arms are not elastic.
Immobilized Condensed Tannins and Their Interaction with Proteins

Condensed tannins from grapes immobilized on Sepharose 4B were found to have protein binding properties similar to tannins in free solution. Proteins bound to the gel at pH values below their individual isoelectric points and were eluted when the pH was increased. A good correlation was obtained between the isoelectric point and the elution pH for the following enzymes and proteins: alkaline phosphatase, ovalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, α-amylase,γ-globulin, and cytochrome c. Trypsin represented an exception to the rule, α-Amylase retained enzymatic activity after elution from the gel.
Quantitative Analysis of Receptors and Second Messengers Interactions in Pancreatic Beta Cell

The response of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cell to nutrient stimuli and hormonal modulators is coordinated by the different receptors, messengers and signaling networks. We present an updated computational model of second messenger interactions in pancreatic beta cell that incorporate modern data on glucose metabolism, plasma membrane potential, G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs), cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics, cAMP and phospholipase C pathways. Model includes glucagon like peptide 1 receptor, gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor and adrenoreceptor for cAMP pathway regulation, and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the fatty acid receptor (GPR40) for phospholipase C regulation. The values of most of the model parameters were inferred from available experimental data. Our analysis of the dynamic data provides evidence for a pivotal role for Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase activation in the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 on pancreatic β-cells. The regulatory properties of various adenylyl cyclase isoforms determine fluctuations in cytoplasmic cAMP concentration and reveal a synergistic action of glucose and glucagon-like peptide 1 on insulin secretion. On other hand, the regulatory properties of phospholipase C isoforms determine interaction of glucose, acetylcholine and fatty acids (that act through the receptor GPR40). We test the hypothesis that activation of specific key beta-cell GPCRs can be in some cases stimulate but in other combinations inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The regulation of messenger's pathway interactions may be important pharmacological targets for improving insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Modifications: Lattice-valued structures

Several important topological concepts such as regularity, local compactness, and local boundedness are investigated in the category of lattice-valued convergence spaces. These definitions coincide with the usual ones in familiar categories.
En busca de los resultados de la cooperación técnica

For the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), technical cooperation (TC) is the process by which the PAHO Member States work with the Organization, as equal partners, to identify and reach their own health goals and to promote self-sufficiency in health development, through programs that respond to those countries needs and national priorities. Since 1978, PAHO has used the American Regional Planning, Programming, Monitoring, and Evaluation System (AMPES) to establish management procedures and to facilitate decision-making in health TC. As part of AMPES, PAHO uses a "logical approach to project management" to structure the work program of the Organization and to identify the expected results from TC activities and TC resource investments. This project management approach, which replaces the "functional approaches" system used to date, also helps establish a causative relationship between the programmed activities and the results that PAHO expects, and between the activities and the hoped-for outcomes in the countries. As part of an ongoing process of rethinking international health TC, several years ago PAHO began a four-phase study on the usefulness and validity of functional approaches and on the need to propose new ones or to modify existing ones. The results of the initial phase showed it was difficult to classify the activities because the functionalapproaches categories were not mutually exclusive and the TC activities were complex. Further, the expected results did not specify the product for which the PAHO Secretariat was accountable within a certain time frame nor the Secretariats level of responsibility. Thus, a new and more flexible classification of expected results was proposed, with the following categories: cooperation networks and alliances; surveillance and information systems; standards and guidelines; research and evaluation studies; plans, projects, and policies; methods, models, and technologies; training programs; promotional campaigns and advocacy; and direct support. In the second phase of the study, it was concluded that the proposed classification system made it possible to more precisely identify the products of PAHO technical cooperation projects, the Organizations degree of responsibility, and the bases for estimating needed resources. The new system could also facilitate monitoring and evaluation. In addition, the third phase of analyzing the functional approaches has begun. Its objective is to evaluate the effect of technical cooperation based on the changes incorporated in the programming of activities.
Extent of linkage disequilibrium in large-breed dogs: chromosomal and breed variation

The aim of this study was to better define the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in populations of large-breed dogs and its variation by breed and chromosomal region. Understanding the extent of LD is a crucial component for successful utilization of genome-wide association studies and allows researchers to better define regions of interest and target candidate genes. Twenty-four Golden Retriever dogs, 28 Rottweiler dogs, and 24 Newfoundland dogs were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using a high-density SNP array. LD was calculated for all autosomes using Haploview. Decay of the squared correlation coefficient (r 2) was plotted on a per-breed and per-chromosome basis as well as in a genome-wide fashion. The point of 50 % decay of r 2 was used to estimate the difference in extent of LD between breeds. Extent of LD was significantly shorter for Newfoundland dogs based upon 50 % decay of r 2 data at a mean of 344 kb compared to Golden Retriever and Rottweiler dogs at 715 and 834 kb, respectively (P < 0.0001). Notable differences in LD by chromosome were present within each breed and not strictly related to the length of the corresponding chromosome. Extent of LD is breed and chromosome dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SNP-based LD for Newfoundland dogs, the first report based on genome-wide SNPs for Rottweilers, and an almost tenfold improvement in marker density over previous genome-wide studies of LD in Golden Retrievers.
Specific heat of niobium-zirconium multilayers

We present the first specific-heat measurements of artificially layered superconducting structures. Using small sample calorimetry, we have measured the specific heat of Nb-Zr multilayers. Samples with $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, the bilayer period, varying from 32.8 to 429 \AA{} (with total sample thickness of 1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m) were studied in a temperature range 1.5-20 K. We obtained the effective ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{D}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ for the samples as well as $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}C}{\ensuremath{\gamma}{T}_{c}}$.
An addition theorem for the elementary abelian group

Abstract In this paper we investigate the set of all sums over subsequences of a sequence a1,…, as of elements in a finite elementary Abelian group.
Effects of 4′-chlorodiazepam on cellular excitation–contraction coupling and ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rabbit heart

Aims Recent evidence indicates that the activity of energy-dissipating ion channels in the mitochondria can influence the susceptibility of the heart to ischaemia–reperfusion injury. In this study, we describe the effects of 4′-chlorodiazepam (4-ClDzp), a well-known ligand of the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor, on the physiology of both isolated cardiomyocytes and intact hearts. Methods and results We used current- and voltage-clamp methods to determine the effects of 4-ClDzp on excitation–contraction coupling in isolated rabbit heart cells. At the level of the whole heart, we subjected rabbit hearts to ischaemia/reperfusion in order to determine how 4-ClDzp influenced the susceptibility to arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction. In isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes, 4-ClDzp evoked a significant reduction in the cardiac action potential that was associated with a decrease in calcium currents and peak intracellular calcium transients. In intact perfused normoxic rabbit hearts, 4-ClDzp mediated a dose-dependent negative inotropic response, consistent with the observation that 4-ClDzp was reducing calcium influx. Hearts that underwent 30 min of global ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion were protected against reperfusion arrhythmias and post-ischaemic contractile impairment when 4-ClDzp (24 µM) was administered throughout the protocol or as a single bolus dose given at the onset of reperfusion. In contrast, hearts treated with cyclosporin-A, a classical blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, were not protected against reperfusion arrhythmias. Conclusion The findings indicate that the effects of 4-ClDzp on both mitochondrial and sarcolemmal ion channels contribute to protection against post-ischaemic cardiac dysfunction. Of clinical relevance, the compound is effective when given upon reperfusion, unlike other pre-conditioning agents.
Inpatient treatment of unstable angina: Clinical perspective and sequential management

In the last decade, increasing information has become available to the effect that an increase in coronary artery tone and coronary artery spasm play an important role in patients with various ischemic heart disease syndromes. Coronary spasm may be superimposed on a coronary vessel already severely obstructed by atherosclerosis. Conversely, spasm may occur in an artery that is only minimally involved with atherosclerosis. The majority of patients studied in the United States with both stable and unstable angina pectoris have underlying severe organic obstructive coronary artery disease. There has now emerged a considerable amount of information from several centers showing that the calcium-channel blockers or calcium-flux antagonists are highly effective in the treatment of stable and unstable angina pectoris. This report focuses on the uses and limitations of one of these agents, nifedipine, in patients with unstable angina and provides a sequential approach to their management.
Monoamines and sleep: microdialysis findings in pons and amygdala.

Abstract This is the first microdialysis report comparing concentrations (pg/μl) of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) derived from feline locus ceruleus complex (LC) and amygdala. NE and 5-HT declined progressively from waking to slow-wave-sleep (SWS) and then to rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Concentrations of DA did not change at either collection site across the sleep–wake cycle. We conclude that release of NE and 5-HT release modulates physiologic components related to the sleep–wake cycle, but DA does not.
REPRESENTABLE E-THEORY FOR C0(X)-ALGEBRAS

Let X be a locally compact space, and let A and B be C0(X)-algebras. We define the notion of an asymptotic C0(X)-morphism from A to B and construct representable E-theory groups RE(X; A, B). These are the universal groups on the category of separable C0(X)-algebras that are C0(X)-stable, C0(X)-homotopy-invariant, and half-exact. If A is RKK(X)-nuclear, these groups are naturally isomorphic to Kasparov's representable KK- theory groups RKK(X; A, B). Applications and examples are also discussed. Let X be a locally compact space. A C ⋆ -algebra A is called a C0(X)-algebra if it is equipped with a nondegenerate action of C0(X) as commuting multipliers of A. These algebras have many important applications since they can be represented as the sections of a noncommutative bundle of C ⋆ -algebras over X (KW95, EW97). In particular, any continuous-trace C ⋆ -algebra with spectrum X is a C0(X)-algebra (RW98). There is a substantial amount of literature on C0(X)-algebras; see the general treatments in (Bla96, Nil96). In 1988, Kasparov (Kas88) defined representable KK-theory groups RKK(X; A, B), which extend his bivariant KK-theory groups KK(A, B) (where X = •) and the representable topo- logical K-theory RK 0 (X) of Segal (Seg70). These groups (and their equivariant versions) have found many applications in geometry, topology and index theory, most notably in Kasparov's proof of the Novikov Conjecture for closed discrete subgroups of finite component Lie groups (Kas88). However, these groups are difficult to compute sincethey have six-term exact sequences only for split-exact sequences of C0(X)-algebras (Bau98). In 1989, Connes and Higson (CH89) defined E-theory groups E(A, B) based on asymptotic morphisms from A to B. An asymptotic morphism {φt} : A → B is a one-parameter family of maps which satisfy the properties of a ∗-homomorphism in the limit as t → ∞. There is a natural notion of homotopy for asymptotic morphisms for which a composition product is well-defined. If A is separable, the functor B 7→ E(A, B) is the universal functor on the category of separable C ⋆ -algebras B which is stable, homotopy-invariant and half-exact. Thus, there are six-term exact sequences in both variables for any exact sequence of separable C ⋆ -algebras. There is a natural transformation KK(A, B) → E(A, B), which is an isomorphism if A is K-nuclear. In this paper, we extend these constructions to the category of separable C0(X)-algebras by defining a notion of asymptotic C0(X)-morphism between two C0(X)-algebras A and B. There is a corresponding notion of C0(X)-homotopy for an asymptotic C0(X)-morphism for which composition is well-defined. This leads us to define representable E-theory groups RE(X; A, B). If X is second countable then these groups have a composition product RE(X; A, B) ⊗ RE(X; B, C) → RE(X; A, C), and we prove that these are the universal such groups on the category of separable C0(X)- algebras that are C0(X)-stable, C0(X)-homotopy-invariant, and half-exact. We also prove that there is a natural transformation
Differential effects of oral contraceptive steroids on the metabolism of benzodiazepines

The effects of oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) on the disposition and elimination of lorazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide were examined. Lorazepam and oxazepam are metabolized via glucuronidation while chlordiazepoxide is metabolized by oxidation in the liver. The disposition and elimination of lorazepam, oxazepam, and chlordiazepoxide was studied in females not taking OCS and females taking OCS (norethindrone acetate, 1 mg; ethinyl estradiol, 50 micrograms) for 6 months or more. The t1/2 (beta) for lorazepam was significantly reduced in women taking OCS (6.0 +/- 3.1 vs. 14.0 +/- 6.2 hr) (p less than 0.005) as compared to controls, and the t1/2 (beta) for oxazepam was reduced in women taking OCS (7.71 +/- 3.23 vs. 12.09 +/- 5.08 hr) as compared to controls, but did not reach statistical significance. The plasma clearance of both lorazepam and oxazepam was significantly increased in women taking OCS [(288.9 +/- 165.9 vs. 77.5 +/- 3.29 ml per min) (p less than 0.01) and (251.2 +/- 106.9 vs. 97.86 +/- 69.4 ml per min) (p less than 0.01), respectively] as compared to controls. The volumes of distribution of lorazepam and oxazepam were significantly increased in women taking OCS (p less than 0.05) while plasma binding of these drugs was similar in both groups. In contrast, the t1/2 (beta) of chlordiazepoxide was significantly prolonged (20.58 +/- 8.08 vs. 11.63 +/- 5.91 hr) (p less than 0.05), and the plasma clearance was significantly reduced (13.41 +/- 4.69 vs. 33.22 +/- 12.37 ml per min) (p less than 0.05) in the OCS group as compared to controls. The volumes of distribution of chlordiazepoxide were similar in both groups, and the plasma binding of chlordiazepoxide tended to be lower in the OCS group but did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that OCS exert a differential effect on the elimination of benzodiazepines, whereby oxidation of chlordiazepoxide is impaired while the glucuronidation of lorazepam and oxazepam is enhanced by OCS.
The Origins of the O'Neill Renaissance: A History of the 1956 Productions of The Iceman Cometh and Long Day's Journey into Night

At a press conference to publicize the opening of The Iceman Cometh in 1946, Eugene O'Neill was quoted as saying that he considered America “instead of the most successful country in the world,… its greatest failure…, the greatest failure because it was given everything, more than any other country. Through moving as rapidly as it has, it has never acquired any real roots. Its main idea is that everlasting game of trying to possess your own soul and the things outside of it, too.”
Accurately estimating the number of spares for a repairable system

Accurately assessing how many spare components are needed to reliably operate a system is an important logistical and systems engineering problem: too many spares is a waste of resources; too few increases the likelihood that the system will fail. A standby system model with constant failure rates is easily developed and solved to provide a useful estimate of the number of spares required to achieve a given level of reliability over a given period of time. However, the model's generalization to more general hazard functions is problematic and gives misleading estimates. Here we examine the number of spares needed to achieve a given level of reliability using the General Sparing Formula for increasing, constant, and decreasing hazard functions. Although the model is simple to use, plausible, and intuitively appealing, its use is not recommended. Given the difficulty of analytically solving a more accurate model, simulation is recommended to determine the required level of sparing to achieve a given level of reliability over the time interval of interest.
Long-term mortality in patients with germ cell tumors: effect of primary cancer site on cause of death.

Abstract Objectives To examine the effect of extragonadal tumor site on the risk for cardiovascular, hematopoietic malignancies, and solid cancer-related causes of death. Patients and methods Male patients diagnosed with germ cell tumors (GCTs) between 1973 and 2008 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, and stratified by the site of primary cancer (mediastinal and nonmediastinal extragonadal vs. gonadal). Using competing risk analysis restricted to events that happened at least 5 years after diagnosis, we examined the possible effect of primary tumor site on the risk for death related to hematopoietic malignancies, cardiovascular disorders, and solid cancers in the study cohort. Results Of 37,283 patients included in our analysis, 17,715 were diagnosed with nonseminomas and 19,568 with seminomas. Eight hundred and twenty four patients (2%) were diagnosed with primary mediastinal GCTs and 1,469 (4%) with nonmediastinal extragonadal tumors. Patients with mediastinal GCTs had an increased risk for death related to hematopoietic malignancies (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.16–24; P P P = 0.59) compared to patients with gonadal GCTs. Patients with nonmediastinal extragonadal GCTs had a significantly increased risk for dying of cardiovascular disorders (HR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.67–4.51; P P = 0.94) or solid cancers (HR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.68–5.0; P = 0.23) compared with patients with gonadal GCTs. Conclusions Patients with GCTs and extragonadal primary sites have an increased risk for death from cardiovascular disease and hematopoietic malignancies compared to those with gonadal GCTs, and could benefit from more intense preventive measures to decrease the risk of death related to these disorders.
Robotic catheter ablation of left ventricular tachycardia: initial experience

Background Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) can be technically challenging due to difficulty with catheter positioning in the left ventricle (LV) and achieving stable contact. The Hansen Sensei Robotic system (HRS) has been used in atrial fibrillation but its utility in VT is unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to test the technical feasibility of robotic catheter ablation of LV ventricular tachycardia (VT) using the HRS. Methods Twenty-three patients underwent LV VT mapping and ablation with the HRS via a transseptal, transmitral valve approach. Nineteen patients underwent substrate mapping and ablation (18 had ischemic cardiomyopathy, 1 had an apical variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). Four patients had focal VT requiring LV VT mapping and ablation. Procedural endpoints included substrate modification by endocardial scar border ablation and elimination of late potentials, or elimination of inducible focal VT. Results Mapping and ablation were entirely robotic without requiring manual catheter manipulation in all patients and reaching all LV regions with stable contact. Fluoroscopy time of the LV procedure was 22.2 ± 11.2 minutes. Radiofrequency time was 33 ± 21 minutes. Total procedural times were 231 ± 76 minutes. Complications included a left groin hematoma (opposite to the HRS sheath), 1 pericardial effusion without tamponade that was drained successfully, and transient right ventricular failure in a patient with previous left ventricular assist device. At 13.4 ± 6.7 months of follow-up (range 1–19 months), recurrence of VT occurred in 3 of 23 patients. Conclusion Our initial experience suggests that the HRS allows successful mapping and ablation of LV VT.
Superplastic behavior of two-phase titanium aluminides

A two-phase Ti(57 at. pct)-Al(43 at. pct) alloy with an initial lamellar microstructure was thermomechanically processed to form an equiaxed fine-grained structure. The fine-grained (- L = 5 μm) material was superplastic in the temperature range 1000 °C to 1100 °C, exhibiting a stress exponent of about 2 with a tensile ductility of 275 pct. The rate-controlling deformation mechanism is proposed to be grain boundary sliding accommodated by slip controlled by lattice diffusion in TiAl. At room temperature, the lamellar and fine-grained materials exhibit the same compressive yield stress. The compressive strain to failure, however, for the fine-grained material was about 28 pct compared to 6 pct for the lamellar material.
A multi-method test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis in young adolescents

Abstract This multi-method study provides evidence for Beck's “cognitive content-specificity hypothesis” in 80 young adolescent ( M = 13.8 years, SD = 1.4) inpatients. Utilizing correlational and multiple regression analyses, depressive cognitive content was significantly correlated with clinician-rated ( r = .27) and self-report ( r = .42) non-cognitive, depressive symptoms, and not significantly related to non-cognitive anxious symptoms. Depressive cognitions were significantly predictive of only self-report, non-cognitive depressive symptoms ( t = 2.47, p t = 4.26, p t = 4.56, p t = 2.29, p
A PSEUDO-PARABOLIC VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY AND STEFAN PROBLEM

Abstract : We study existence and uniqueness questions concerning non-linear variational inequalities of the type of (1.1a) - (1.1b) in the introduction. Applications to free boundary problems are also given. (Author)
A Strong Constraint to the Joint Processing of Pairs of Cortical Signals

An important question in neuroscience is how the activity from spatially distributed cortical representations is integrated and processed together. In this study, we used a new approach to investigate the integration of distributed cortical activity. We used microstimulation to directly activate pairs of sites in primary visual cortex of rhesus monkeys. The sites were activated either singly or jointly, and the monkeys were trained to behaviorally report detection of the activation of either cortical site. We compared the detection performance with predictions from two different mathematical models of signal combination. Our data show that, at cortical separations <1 mm, signal integration is well described as a linear combination ( d′ summation) of individual site activity. At larger separations, signal integration is better described as a maximum operation on the site signals. We compare our neurophysiological findings to existing psychophysical data and suggest the intriguing possibility that cortical activity originating at spatial separations greater than ∼1 mm is processed as if by parallel, independent circuits whose signals can be compared against each other but not summed. This in turn implies that there is a strong constraint to the kinds of computations the brain can perform with spatially distributed cortical activity.
Chemical fractionations in meteorites—VII. Cosmothermometry and cosmobarometry

Abstract The fractional condensation of Bi, Cd, In, Pb and Tl from a cooling gas of cosmic composition is calculated. Predicted absolute and relative abundances of the elements are in good to excellent agreement with the analytical data. This strongly suggests that the presently observed abundances were established at the time of accretion. There is no need to invoke non-equilibrium during condensation or element redistribution after accretion to explain the observations. The elements may therefore be used as cosmothermometers to predict accretion temperatures. Calculated accretion temperatures fall in the range of 420 to 540°K. But a large percentage of each chrondrite group (H, L, LL and E) fall within much narrower intervals, ≤20°K. This implies that the bulk of each group accreted over a narrow temperature range which is consistent with their uniform oxidation states and O 18 O 16 ratios. In fact, temperatures inferred from the oxidation state and oxygen isotopes are in excellent agreement with the trace element data. The condensation curves of all these elements are pressure-dependent but are confined to fall in the temperature interval 400 to 600°K owing to the absence of Fe3O4 and the presence of FeS in ordinary chrondrites. Absolute upper and lower limits on the total pressure can thus be deduced: 10−3 to 10−6 atm. In addition, the condensation curves for Bi and In cross over at T = 462°K and Pt = 2 × 10−5 atm. The observed relative abundances of Bi and In suggest the L-group formed at slightly lower and the H-group at slightly higher P and T.
Nucleus-nucleus total reaction cross sections

We compare ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{R}(E)$ for nucleus-nucleus systems (obtained from existing direct measurements and derived from elastic scattering data) with nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus data. The energy dependence of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{R}(E)$ for nucleus-nucleus systems is found to be quite rapid; there appears to be no evidence for an energy independent, geometric ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{R}$. Simple parameter free microscopic calculations are able to quantitatively reproduce the data and thus, emphasize the dominance of nucleon-nucleon interactions in medium energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Total reaction cross section theory, comparison to data for $d$, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$. Predictions for $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$+$^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$+$^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$+$^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. Energy range $3l{E}_{\frac{i}{n}}l1000$ MeV.
A Reconfigurable 0.18-μm CMOS Equalizer IC with an Improved Tunable Delay-Line for 10-Gb/sec Backplane Serial I/O Links

In this paper, a reconfigurable CMOS equalizer is presented to accommodate vast variety of backplane channel loss characteristics. Backplane channels over different trace lengths and dielectric materials were measured and characterized. Feed-forward equalizer (FFE) topology with finite impulse response (FIR) architecture was chosen for optimal equalization for the corresponding backplane configurations. For a reconfigurable FFE IC implementation, wide-range tunable delay-line (15-ps ~ 74-ps) and variable tap-gain amplifier were fabricated in a 0.18-mum standard CMOS technology. The proposed reconfigurable FFE demonstrated successful equalization at 10Gb/sec over various channel configurations with 26mW power dissipation from a 1.8-V supply
Growth of MTW9/PL2 estrogen-responsive rat mammary tumor cells in hormonally defined serum-free media.

Growth of the estrogen-responsive MTW9/PL2 rat mammary tumor cells was demonstrated in serum-free defined medium (designated DDM-1) formulated with F12-DME (1:1 vol/vol) supplemented with 15 mM HEPES pH 7.4 insulin 10 μg/ml, transferrin 10 μg/ml, sodium selenite 10 ng/ml, triiodo-l-thyronine 0.3 nM, phosphoethanolamine 5 μM, epidermal growth factor (20 ng/ml), 17 β-estradiol 2 nM, and bovine serum albumin 20 μg/ml. In DDM-1, the growth rate was about one-half that seen in serum-containing medium. When ethanolamine (50 μM), glutathione (20 μg/ml), and linoleic acid/bovine serum albumin (150 μg/ml) were added (formulation DDM-2), the growth rate was 80% of serum-containing medium and not seed-density dependent. Deletion of estradiol from DDM-1 or DDM-2 had no effect on growth rate. Also, cells grown in steroid hormone deficient medium for 4 mo. continued to form estrogen-responsive tumors in rats as did cells cultured for the same period in 2 nM estradiol. To investigate autocrine growth factor secretion, a third medium (DDM-3) was prepared by deleting insulin, epidermal growth factor, phosphoethanolamine, estradiol, and both forms of bovine serum albumin from DDM-2. Growth in mitogen-free medium equaled 86% of the serum-stimulated rate and was seed-density dependent; phenol red deletion from DDM-3 had no effect on growth rate. Evidence presented suggests that autocrine factors stimulate growth of the MTW9/PL2 cells in DDM-3, and that this secretion may support the growth of estrogen-responsive cells in culture in the absence of steroid hormone.
Growth Factor-Mediated Stabilization of Amyloid Precursor Protein mRNA Is Mediated by a Conserved 29-Nucleotide Sequence in the 3′-Untranslated Region

Using a cell-free translation system, we previously demonstrated that the turnover and translation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA was regulated by a 29-nucleotide instability element, located 200 nucleotides downstream from the stop codon. Here we have examined the regulatory role of this element in primary human capillary endothelial cells under different nutritional conditions. Optimal proliferation required a growth medium (endothelial cell growth medium) supplemented with epidermal, basic fibroblast, insulin-like, and vascular endothelial growth factors. In vitro transcribed mRNAs with the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and coding region of beta-globin and the entire 3'-UTR of APP 751 were transfected into cells cultured in endothelial cell growth medium. Wild-type globin-APP mRNA containing an intact APP 3'-UTR and mutant globin-APP mRNA containing a mutated 29-nucleotide element decayed with identical half-lives (t 1/2 = 60 min). Removal of all supplemental growth factors from the culture medium significantly accelerated the decay of transfected wild-type mRNA (t 1/2 = 10 min), but caused only a moderate decrease in the half-life of transfected mutant mRNA (t 1/2 = 40 min). We therefore conclude that the 29-nucleotide 3'-UTR element is an mRNA destabilizer whose function can be inhibited by inclusion of the aforementioned mixture of growth factors in the culture medium.
Cannabinoid photolabelling of a G-protein γ-subunit in mouse peritoneal cells

Abstract Binding and photoactivation of a cannabinoid-derived ligand to intact mouse peritoneal cells has resulted in the labelling of a G-protein γ-subunit. The assignment of structure is based on the product's physical characteristics and its ability to react with a polyclonal antiserum raised against the partial amino acid sequence for a γ-subunit expressed in spleen cells. The binding characteristics of the ligand to the cells suggests that this γ-subunit, and its associated α and β subunits, are located in close proximity to one of the transmembrane cannabinoid receptors. Our findings further suggest a possible experimental approach to identifying receptor-G-protein complexes in intact cells.
Response of severe systemic mastocytosis to interferon alpha

Six patients with documented systemic mast cell disease were enrolled in a 1-year, phase I study to determine the possible benefits of interferon alpha-2b (IFN-alpha). IFN-alpha therapy was begun at a dosage of 0.5 million units/day (MU/day) by subcutaneous injection and increased, as tolerated, to 3.0 MU/day. Subsequent dose modifications were made based on clinical tolerance and response. No immediate, adverse reactions to IFN-alpha occurred. Several patients showed symptomatic improvement. In two patients ascites resolved and did not recur. Two other patients reported improved energy levels and had decreased size of retroperitoneal, measenteric and retrocrural nodes. One patient failed to benefit and died shortly after completing 12 months of therapy. Bone marrow mastocytosis decreased by 5% to 10% after 12 months of therapy with IFN-alpha. Although five of the six patients had a decrease in the urinary excretion of 1-methyl-4-imidazole acetic acid, serum tryptase values did not appreciably change in any patient. Side-effects from IFN-alpha included hypothyroidism, thrombocytopenia and depression. It is concluded that although treatment with IFN-alpha was associated with a decline in bone marrow mastocytosis and reduced excretion of histamine metabolites, prolonged therapy may be needed and dose-limiting side-effects are frequent.
How Teachers Can Use PE Metrics for Grading

(2012). How Teachers Can Use PE Metrics for Grading. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 16-34.
Estimating item indices by nomographs

Two nomographs are presented for estimating item validity indices identical in value to those obtained from Flanagan's table and to those obtained from Davis' chart. Experience has shown that the use of the nomographs results in the saving of a significant amount of time with no loss in accuracy. The nomographs also provide a method of quick conversion between the familiar coefficients and the Davis indices, which are less familiar but which offer greater flexibility.
Radiations from Indium (114) and Barium (140)

Indium (114) emits soft conversion electrons (range \ensuremath{\sim}20mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) and hard nuclear beta-rays of energy 1.89 Mev. Lead absorption gives quantum energies of 0.15 Mev and 0.70 Mev whereas coincidence absorption yields a maximum quantum energy of 0.90 Mev. The harder quanta are associated with an inner beta-ray group constituting less than 1.5 percent of the total beta-radiation, if with any group at all. A gamma-gamma-coincidence rate of (0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ coincidence per gamma-ray was noted.Barium (140) emits nuclear beta-rays having a maximum energy of 0.91 Mev and two gamma-rays having quantum energies of 0.14 Mev and 0.6 Mev as indicated by absorption in lead. Beta-gamma-coincidence data, obtained from ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{140}$ in equilibrium with ${\mathrm{La}}^{140}$ and from ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{140}$ freshly separated from its daughter element, show that the beta-ray spectrum is complex and that about twenty percent of the disintegrations proceed by way of the inner beta-ray group which is coincident in time with gamma-radiation.See note added in proof.
Ribosomal protein L9 interactions with 23 S rRNA: the use of a translational bypass assay to study the effect of amino acid substitutions.

Abstract During translation of bacteriophage T4 gene 60 mRNA, ribosomes bypass 50 nucleotides with high efficiency. One of the mRNA signals for bypass is a stem – loop in the first part of the coding gap. When the length of this stem – loop is extended by 36 nucleotides, bypass is reduced to 0.35% of the wild-type level. Bypass is partially restored by a mutation in the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli large ribosomal subunit protein L9. Previous work has shown that L9 is an elongated protein with an α-helix that connects and orients the N and C-terminal domains that both contain a predicted RNA binding site. We have determined two binding sites of L9 on 23 S rRNA. A 778 nucleotide RNA fragment encompassing domain V (nucleotides 1999 to 2776) of the 23 S rRNA is retained on filters by L9 and contains both sites. The N and C-terminal domains of L9 were shown to interact with nucleotides just 5′ to nucleotide 2231 and 2179 of the 23 S rRNA, respectively, using the toeprint assay. These L9 binding sites on 23 S rRNA suggest that L9 functions as a brace across helix 76 to position helices 77 and 78 relative to the peptidyl transferase center. In this study, bypass on a mutant gene 60 mRNA has been used as an assay to probe the importance of particular L9 amino acids for function. Amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal domain are shown to partially restore bypass. These mutant L9 proteins have reduced binding to a 23 S rRNA fragment (nucleotides 1999 to 2274) containing domain V, to which L9 binds. They partially retain both the N and C-terminal domain interactions. On the other hand, substitutions of amino acids in the N-terminal domain, which greatly reduce RNA binding, do not restore bypass. The latter mutants have completely lost the N-terminal domain interaction. Addition of an amino acid to the α-helix also restores gene 60 bypass. RNA binding by this mutant is similar to that observed for the C-terminal domain mutants that partially restore bypass.