cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contralateral Intrathoracic Displacement of the Humeral Head. A Case Report

Fracture-dislocation of the proximal aspect of the humerus with remote displacement of the humeral head is exceedingly rare. We are aware of five reports that describe such injuries2,3,5,7,8. In four of them, the injury was an ipsilateral intrathoracic displacement of the humeral head resulting from fracture-dislocation. The fifth, more recent report details a case in which the displaced humeral head was found in the ipsilateral retroperitoneal space8. We report a case of a four-part fracture-dislocation of the proximal aspect of the humerus with displacement of the humeral head into the contralateral pleural cavity. A sixty-four-year-old, right-hand-dominant man fell fifteen feet (4.6 meters) from a ladder while repairing a skylight in his home. He was transported to our level-1 trauma center, where he was evaluated according to Advanced Trauma Life Support protocols1. When he arrived, he was alert and hemodynamically stable and he reported pain in the chest and left shoulder. There was extensive subcutaneous emphysema over both hemithoraces, and the posterior aspects of the ribs were tender bilaterally. The trachea was in the midline, and breath sounds were diminished bilaterally. A radiograph of the chest confirmed bilateral pneumothoraces, and chest tubes were placed. There was diffuse swelling about the left shoulder girdle. The skin was intact. The left radial pulse was intact, and the pulses on the left and right sides were symmetrical. On neurological examination, there was diminished sensibility to light touch in the axillary nerve distribution and weakness of the deltoid, biceps, and triceps on the left side. Although the examination was limited because the patient had pain and had been sedated, it was possible to palpate the biceps and triceps contracting. Contraction of the deltoid was felt by some examiners but not by …
Microparticle electrodes and single particle microbatteries: electrochemical and in situ microRaman spectroscopic studies.

Studies of the intrinsic electrochemical, structural, and electronic propertiesof microparticles of energy storage materials can provide much needed insight into the factors that control various as...
Theoretical study of reductive functionalization of methyl ligands of group 9 complexes supported by two bipyridyl ligands: A key step in catalytic hydrocarbon functionalization

A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to understand the factors that control the reactivity of bipyridine (bpy)-ligated Rh(III) methyl complexes toward nucleophiles to produce functionalized methane and Rh(I) complexes. The effect of the structure of the complex, the nucleophile, the identity of the ancillary ligand, the electronic properties of the bipyridine ligand, and the identity of the metal were considered. Many similarities were found between the reaction of Rh(III) methyl complexes supported by bipyridyl ligands and classic organic SN2 reactions, including a strong dependence of the reaction on the nucleophile identity and modifications to the complex that facilitate rhodium as a leaving group. Using these concepts, a comparison of reductive functionalization of Rh(III) alkyl complexes supported by porphyrin versus two bipyridyl ligands was made, and modifications that could lead to more active complexes were proposed.
Attitude toward the Ad: An Assessment of Diverse Measurement Indices under Different Processing “Sets”:

The authors examine two concerns that have emerged in research involving the attitude toward the ad (Aad) construct. The first pertains to conceptualization and measurement. Drawing on recent socia...
Converter Model for Representing Converter Interfaced Generation in Large Scale Grid Simulations

This paper addresses the positive sequence modeling of converter-based sources in commercial transient stability analysis software. A simple and computationally economical model of the converter has been developed while ensuring a reliable representation of the detailed converter behavior. This model has been implemented as a user defined model in commercial positive sequence software such as PSLF. The behavior of the proposed model in positive sequence has the same form as the behavior obtained from detailed point on wave simulation. Tests have been carried out on a three-generator nine-bus equivalent system and the 18,205 bus Western Electricity Coordinating Council system to assess the impact and performance of the converters. The behavior of these converter interfaced generation sources for various system contingencies has been investigated.
Determination of Chloroform Residual in Herbal Preparation by Headspace Gas Chromatography

[Objective]To explore a suitable condition for determination of chloroform in herbal preparation by headspace gas chromatography.[Methods]The sample in the headspace vial at 40 ℃ for 40min was separated and measured by DB-5 capillary column and gas chromatography(GC) ECD detector.[Results]The lowest detection limit was 0.0015 mg/L;the lowest concentration of quantitative detection was 0.005 mg/L;the suitable equilibrium temperature was 40 ℃;the suitable proportion between gaseous phase and liquid phase was 3 ∶5;the relative standard deviation(RSD %) was 6.4%～42.2%;The recoveries was 87.4%～92.0%.[Conclusion]With the headspace in certain conditions,the method has satisfactory recoveries and repeatability,and is suitable for determination of chloroform in herbal preparation.
Morbidity and mortality in the aged.

Aging can be characterized as a discrete physiologic process, most strongly reflected in a generalized loss of cellular and extracellular function. Many age-associated diseases relate either to this loss or to reactive growth processes.
Creep Instability of Spinning Viscoelastic Rod

In this paper, A general theory for studying dynamic instability of viscoelastic spinning rod (shaft, arm etc.) is presented. The continuous and multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) discrete model are both considered. The Boltzmann equation is used to be the general linear viscoelastic constitutive equation. The equation of motions are derived for continuous as well as MDOF discrete models. The analytical dynamic instability criterion is deduced. The creep instability phenomenon for viscoelastic shafts is revealed. The results obtained in the paper cover all the results given in literature known to the authors.
Testing and Evaluation

This chapter discusses the importance of testing and evaluation in engineering design. At the completion of the project, the resulting system is manufactured and appears in the real world where the need is to be satisfied. However, occasions arise when it becomes necessary to return to the real world during the design process to test the results of an analysis, to test an analytical or a real model, or to gather additional information. The nature of such testing can vary widely from a simple property test on a new material to the construction and testing of a large, complicated system which may in fact be a prototype. However, certain aspects are shared in all experiments, although their degree of sophistication may vary depending on the stage reached in the design process and the complexity of the system being studied. The aim of both mathematical analysis and experimental testing is to provide the designer with dependable numbers to guide his future decisions.
Filter bank design for redundant wavelet transforms

This paper introduces a technique for the design of a general class of filter bank for compactly supported wavelets. The technique allows the design of real or complex wavelet transforms that have linear phase and generate redundant expansions. The design is based on the factorization of paraunitary matrices and a nonlinear unconstrained optimization formulation. In the particular case of two-channel critically sampled filter banks, the design can generate the Daubechies' wavelets filter banks.
A Portrait of Ribosomal DNA Contacts with Hi-C Reveals 5S and 45S rDNA Anchoring Points in the Folded Human Genome.

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) account for >60% of all RNAs in eukaryotic cells and are encoded in the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) arrays. The rRNAs are produced from two sets of loci: the 5S rDNA array resides exclusively on human chromosome 1, whereas the 45S rDNA array resides on the short arm of five human acrocentric chromosomes. The 45S rDNA gives origin to the nucleolus, the nuclear organelle that is the site of ribosome biogenesis. Intriguingly, 5S and 45S rDNA arrays exhibit correlated copy number variation in lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs). Here we examined the genomic architecture and repeat content of the 5S and 45S rDNA arrays in multiple human genome assemblies (including PacBio MHAP assembly) and ascertained contacts between the rDNA arrays and the rest of the genome using Hi-C datasets from two human cell lines (erythroleukemia K562 and lymphoblastoid cells). Our analyses revealed that 5S and 45S arrays each have thousands of contacts in the folded genome, with rDNA-associated regions and genes dispersed across all chromosomes. The rDNA contact map displayed conserved and disparate features between two cell lines, and pointed to specific chromosomes, genomic regions, and genes with evidence of spatial proximity to the rDNA arrays; the data also showed a lack of direct physical interaction between the 5S and 45S rDNA arrays. Finally, the analysis identified an intriguing organization in the 5S array with Alu and 5S elements adjacent to one another and organized in opposite orientation along the array. Portraits of genome folding centered on the ribosomal DNA array could help understand the emergence of concerted variation, the control of 5S and 45S expression, as well as provide insights into an organelle that contributes to the spatial localization of human chromosomes during interphase.
Editorial brain malformation surveillance in the Zika era

The current surveillance systems for congenital microcephaly are necessary to monitor the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) on the developing human brain, as well as the ZIKV prevention efforts. However, these congenital microcephaly surveillance systems are insufficient. Abnormalities of neuronal differentiation, development and migration may occur among infants with normal head circumference who have intrauterine exposure to ZIKV. Therefore, surveillance for congenital microcephaly does not ascertain many of the infants seriously impacted by congenital ZIKV infection. Furthermore, many infants with normal head circumference and with malformations of the brain cortex do not have clinical manifestations of their congenital malformations until several months to many years after birth, when they present with clinical manifestations such as seizures/epilepsy, developmental delays with or without developmental regression, and/or motor impairment. In response to the ZIKV threat, public health surveillance systems must be enhanced to ascertain a wide variety of congenital brain malformations, as well as their clinical manifestations that lead to diagnostic brain imaging. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:869–874, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Costs of Complications after Allogeneic Myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Despite potential life-saving benefits in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), some patients in the United States are not able to undergo the procedure because of insurance restrictions or financial limitations. Prior work suggests severe medical complications increase the morbidity, mortality and financial costs of HSCT, but risks of these complications are largely unpredictable based on clinical factors known before HSCT. We aimed to identify factors associated with higher costs. Methods: 317 patients with hematological diseases underwent myeloablative allogeneic HSCT at the DFCI/BWH between 6/2000 and 6/2004 using Cytoxan and TBI conditioning. Clinical information and inpatient and outpatient costs within 100 days after HSCT were analyzed. The costs of stem cell procurement were excluded. Multivariate analyses were performed using both a baseline model (including factors known before HSCT: graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, HLA, donor type, disease type, sex matching, patient age, donor age, stem cell source, cytomegalovirus (CMV) serological status, and year of HSCT), and a full model incorporating all pre and post-transplant factors (baseline factors plus neutrophil engraftment, grade II to IV acute GVHD, veno-occlusive disease (VOD), idiopathic pneumonia/diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (IP/DAH), infection, severe organ toxicity, and in-hospital death). Results: With 80% overall survival at 100 days, the median [interquartile range (IQR)] costs and days of hospital stay were respectively $102,574 [78,635–160,174] and 36 [28–47] days. Costs have been shifting towards the outpatient setting since 2002, but inpatient costs still compose 95% of the total costs during the first 100 days. Multivariate analyses are presented in the Table. Use of an unrelated donor and CMV positive serology in either patient or donor were significant predictors of increased costs in the baseline model. In the full model, these two baseline factors were associated with high costs although the results did not achieve statistical significance. Neutrophil engraftment, grade II to IV acute GVHD, VOD, IP/DAH, infection, neurological toxicity, and in-hospital death were the significant clinical factors associated with high costs, increasing total costs by $35,916 to $82,920 per complication. If none of these complications occurred (n=111), the median cost was $78,635 [65,126–100,295]. Conclusion: Myeloablative allogeneic HSCT is still a costly procedure. Use of an unrelated donor and CMV positive serology predicts higher costs within the first 100 days. While medical benefits drive the search for lower toxicity approaches to HSCT, significant cost savings may also be realized.
Effects of Monsel’s Solution in Uterine Cervix

Monsel's solution applied to biopsy sites causes tissue necrosis that can persist for two weeks and impede reepithelialization. Granulation tissue in the healing phase contains iron pigment residue from the agent. The pigment encrusts upon collagen and is present in siderophages for up to three months. Occasionally pigment or necrotic residues incite a foreign body giant cell reaction. Awareness is recommended in order to avoid confusion. The agent's potential effect upon the basic disease is discussed.
Exurban Feral Cat Seroprevalence of Feline Leukemia and Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses and Adult Survival

Feral Felis catus (Domestic Cat) can potentially transmit feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) to other species, but seroprevalence research in exurban areas is sparse. We quantified seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV and estimated adult survival for feral Domestic Cats in an exurban city. We tested 55 cats from developed and natural habitats for FeLV and FIV and fit 31 adult cats with radiocollars for known-fates survival analysis. Combined seroprevalence (FeLV or FIV or both; 32.73%) did not differ by sex, habitat at capture location, or body condition. Annual survival was 0.86; male cats had a greater survival rate than females. Seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV in this study was greater than rates reported in other studies in the US, indicating that seroprevalence studies should be conducted at local scales.
The Permissibility of Aiding and Abetting Unjust Wars

Common sense suggests that if a war is unjust, then there is a strong moral reason not to contribute to it. I argue that this presumption is mistaken. It can be permissible to contribute to an unjust war because, in general, whether it is permissible to perform an act often depends on the alternatives available to the actor. The relevant alternatives available to a government waging a war differ systematically from the relevant alternatives available to individuals in a position to contribute to the war. Hence the conditions determining whether it is permissible for a government to wage a war often differ from the conditions determining whether it is permissible for others to promote that war. Th is difference is manifest most often in unjust wars with punitively humanitarian aims—an increasingly common type of war.
Selling Attorney's Fees

Attorneys in the United States are under increasing pressure to change and adopt practices commonly found in the world of finance and business. Over the past thirty years the bar and legal academics have debated what to do; the focus of this debate has been over changes to MRPC 5.4 to allow partnerships between attorneys and non-lawyers or partnerships owned by non-lawyer shareholders. One of the reasons attorneys are debating changes in Rule 5.4 is that the practice of law depends on capital, and the old methods for raising capital are no longer sufficient. Rather than raise capital from non-lawyers by partnering with them or selling equity to them, I recommend that attorneys look to their own fees as a source of capital. I argue that there is confusion among state bar ethics committees and some ethics commentators about whether the sale of future, or unmatured, fees is unethical. The argument that lawyers may not sell unmatured fees is based on the claim that it would be fee-splitting. I argue that those who think that the sale of unmatured fees is fee-splitting are relying on a theory of Rule 5.4 called the Direct Relation Test, which takes as its premise that it is unethical for an attorney to allow a non-lawyer to invest in her productive capacities with the aim of earning a profit. I argue that the Direct Relation Test is incoherent, and cannot be consistently maintained in a system, like ours, that allows attorneys to factor their earned fees. I also argue that the Direct Relation Test is a deontological principle that lacks normative appeal. I conclude that ethics committees, courts, and legal ethicists should reject the Direct Relation Test and recognize that the sale of unmatured fees is not fee-splitting.
Inferior local control for T2bN0 glottic carcinoma with impaired mobility treated with radiation alone: A need for more chemotherapy?

6084 Background: Radiation therapy monotherapy (RT) is standard for patients (pts) with T2N0 squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the glottis. The presence of impaired vocal cord mobility (T2b) is known t...
Abstract 203: Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger Isoform Switching And Kchip2 Upregulation In Elderly Porcine Atria

Aging-associated changes in the heart contribute to a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases. The aging atrium becomes increasingly more susceptible to development of atrial fibrillation, and even its pharmacological response to therapeutic drugs alters over time. Changes in structure, function, and pharmacology of the heart can potentially be tied to specific changes in gene expression with aging. Here, seeking molecular correlates of myocardial aging processes, we performed global “whole transcript” analysis of 25,388 genes using 572,667 probes to compare the left atrium (LA) transcriptomes of young adult (9 months old) versus elderly (10 years old) female Sinclair swine. The two genes exhibiting the largest increase in LA expression with aging were NHE2 (9.2-fold; n = 3-4; P = 0.00001) and KCNIP2 (3.8-fold; n = 3-4; P = 0.0002). Real-time qPCR recapitulated the NHE2 results and revealed strongest upregulation with aging in LA, and age-independent expression in the ventricles. NHE2 encodes sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 2, which was previously considered to not be expressed in mammalian heart, the favored cardiac isoform being NHE1. NHE1 is considered to be important for reperfusion injury after ischemia but, surprisingly, has been a relatively disappointing therapeutic target in clinical trials. Here, we found NHE1 transcript expression in all chambers, but no upregulation in aging heart, raising the possibility that NHE2 upregulation could negatively impact the pharmacological responsiveness of aging tissue to NHE1-specific inhibitors. KCNIP2 encodes potassium channel beta subunit KChIP2, which tightly regulates Ito density. Real-time qPCR indicated equal KCNIP2 upregulation with aging in the LA and RA, and aging-independent expression in the ventricles. In silico modeling predicted the increased KCNIP2 observed here would increase Ito sufficiently to shorten the atrial refractory period, an established substrate for atrial fibrillation. In sum, the findings uncover potential molecular substrates for aging-associated changes in cardiac function, and suggest possible novel therapeutic avenues for aging-related cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract P601: Menopausal Female Mice are Hypersensitive to Pathological Cardiac Remodeling

Prior to menopause, women are protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to age-matched men; this protection is gradually lost after menopause. Loss of estrogen is detrimental; yet, estrogen replacement as cardioprotective remains controversial. Gonadectomized rodents demonstrate benefit of estrogen replacement for CVD. Human studies that show benefit of hormone replacement therapy are challenged by studies that do not show benefit. A novel model of menopause utilizing 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) induces gradual ovarian failure, preserving the “perimenopause” transitional period and androgen secreting capacity of residual ovarian tissue. We hypothesize that menopausal females are hypersensitive to CVD-induced pathological cardiac remodeling. To address this hypothesis, we instigated menopause in 2 month-old females by daily (i.p.) injections of VCD (160mg/kg, 20 consecutive days); control mice received sesame oil as vehicle. Vaginal cytology was used to monitor estrous cycles and determine when cycling ceased. Mice were considered menopausal after 15 consecutive days in persistent diestrus, non-cycling. Female mice from cycling, perimenopausal and menopausal groups received the hypertensive agent angiotensin II (Ang II, 800 ng/kg/min via alzet s.q. mini-pump, 14 days). Menopause did not impact systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured via tail cuff (control: 115.1±6.0 mmHg, n=7; menopause: 115.0±5.2 mmHg, n=10). Ang II infusion induced a significant exacerbation of hypertension (SBP) in menopausal females (156.9±4.8 mmHg; n=10) compared to Ang II controls (114.7±5.0 mmHg; n=8). This hypersensitivity to Ang II-induced hypertension was attenuated by estrogen supplementation started during perimenopause (0.1 mg, 60 day release). In addition, menopausal females demonstrated worsened pathological cardiac remodeling measured by functional (echocardiography), cellular (myocardial fibrosis) and molecular (fetal gene program) assessments. Using a novel model of menopause (VCD) combined with infusion of the hypertensive agent Ang II, we demonstrated that menopausal mice are more susceptible, or hypersensitive to pathological cardiac remodeling compared to cycling and perimenopausal mice.
Chapter 5 – Coalition Formation

This chapter surveys a sizable and growing literature on coalition formation. We refer to theories in which one or more groups of agents (“coalitions”) deliberately get together to jointly determine within-group actions, while interacting noncooperatively across groups. The chapter describes a variety of solution concepts, using an umbrella model that adopts an explicit real-time approach. Players band together, perhaps disband later and re-form in shifting alliances, all the while receiving payoffs at each date according to the coalition structure prevailing at the time. We use this model to nest two broad approaches to coalition formation, one based on cooperative game theory, the other based on noncooperative bargaining. Three themes that receive explicit emphasis are agent farsightedness, the description of equilibrium coalition structures, and the efficiency implications of the various theories.
Overview of the assembly and packaging of wide band gap semiconductor technologies

This paper summarizes the development of the third-generation semiconductors, which are also named Wide - Band-Gap(WBG) semiconductor, typified by SiC, GaN. Since the power devices based on the WBG semiconductor should be operated on harsh environments with high temperature and high frequency, the assembly and packaging should also withstand such environment. The technology of die-attachment and interconnection technologies suitable for these power devices are presented in this paper. Through the comparison of several advanced corporations' power devices, prudent technology to achieve a full comprehension in this market. The focus discussion is the roadmap of package technologies in the power devices based on the WBG semiconductors. And finally, further anticipation for future developments of the package technology in such applications is given.
Endocrine econsults improve access to care for the underserved

The endocrinology eConsult service at Mount Sinai Hospital, in New York City, was conceived to simplify and accelerate access to the expertise of endocrinologists. Here we detail how we designed our workflow according to input from primary care providers (PCPs). Additionally, we describe the impact of the pilot phase of our endocrinology eConsult service. In this pilot phase, providers in a Medicaid clinic and those making visits to homebound patients placed eConsult orders within the hospital's EMR using one of 18 original, disease-specific templates and one generic template. The eConsultant sent evidence-based recommendations in a response template, which included a rationale with references. As part of an ongoing quality improvement project, PCPs were asked to complete a two question closeout survey. Seventy percent of PCPs indicated that they got good advice for a new or additional course of action, and 25% answered that they were able to confirm a course of action that they already had in mind. Referral was originally contemplated, but avoided as a result of the eConsult according to 62% of respondents, exceeding rates reported at other academic institutions. Our unique emphasis on providing a detailed rationale for recommendations may have contributed to these outcomes. With a majority of respondents indicating that a formal consultation was averted, an expanded endocrine eConsult service could reduce a significant volume of unnecessary endocrine referrals, expedite more urgent visits, and reduce costs. This outcome is especially significant in light of a nationwide shortage of endocrinologists.
Genetic Risk Score Is Associated with Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio and Improves Prediction of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Latinos.

Purpose Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR). Genetic risk scores (GRS) examine the aggregate genetic effect of individual variants on a trait by combining these separate genetic variants into a single measure. The purpose of this study was to construct GRS for VCDR and to determine whether the GRS are associated with VCDR and whether the GRS increase the discriminatory ability for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a Latino population. Design Population-based genetic association study. Participants A total of 4018 Latino participants recruited from Los Angeles. Methods Weighted and unweighted GRS were constructed using 68 previously reported VCDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as SNPs from our own genome-wide association data. Linear and logistic regression analyses examined the associations of GRS with VCDR and POAG, respectively. To evaluate the discriminatory ability of the GRS for POAG, we conducted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Main Outcome Measures The relationship between GRS and VCDR in Latinos. Results The GRS were associated significantly with VCDR ( P P Conclusions To our knowledge, we identified a novel association between GRS and VCDR and its improvement in the discriminatory ability of POAG in a Latino population.
Repeated Antigen Exposure Extends the Durability of Influenza-Specific Lung-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells and Heterosubtypic Immunity.

Lung-resident primary memory CD8+ T cell populations (Trm) induced by a single influenza infection decline within months, rendering the host susceptible to new heterosubtypic influenza infections. Here, we demonstrate that, relative to single virus exposure, repeated antigen exposure dramatically alters the dynamics of influenza-specific lung Trm populations. Lung Trm derived from repeatedly stimulated circulating memory CD8+ T cells exhibit extended durability and protective heterosubtypic immunity relative to primary lung Trm. Parabiosis studies reveal that the enhanced durability of lung Trm after multiple antigen encounters resulted from the generation of long-lasting circulating effector memory (Tem) populations, which maintained the ability to be recruited to the lung parenchyma and converted to Trm, in combination with enhanced survival of these cells in the lung. Thus, generating a long-lasting Trm precursor pool through repeated intranasal immunizations might be a promising strategy to establish long-lasting lung Trm-mediated heterosubtypic immunity against influenza.
MITRACLIP INTERVENTION FOR SEVERE TRICUSPID REGURGITATION: A CASE SERIES AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Percutaneous interventions for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) remain limited. Prior studies that used the MitraClip® system for TR have shown reductions in TR and improvement in functional status. We describe our experience with the MitraClip® for severe TR. Patients with severe TR wit on
Duration of therapeutic coma and outcome of refractory status epilepticus.

Objective Examine the association of duration of therapeutic coma (TC) with seizure recurrence, morbidity, and mortality in refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Define an optimal window for TC that provides sustained seizure control and minimizes complications. Methods Retrospective, observational cohort study involving patients who presented with RSE to the University of Alabama at Birmingham or the University of California at San Francisco from 2010 to 2016. Relationship of duration of TC with primary and secondary outcomes was evaluated using two-sample t tests, simple linear regression, and chi-square tests. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors. Predictive ability of TC for seizure recurrence was quantified using a receiver-operating characteristic curve. Youden index was used to determine an optimal cutoff value. Results Multivariable analysis of clinical and treatment characteristics of 182 patients who were treated predominantly with propofol as anesthetic agent showed that longer duration of the first trial of TC (27.2 vs 15.6 hours) was independently associated with a higher chance of seizure recurrence following the first weaning attempt (P = 0.038) but not with poor functional neurologic outcome upon discharge, in-hospital complications, or mortality. Furthermore, higher doses of anesthetic utilized during the first trial of TC were independently associated with fewer in-hospital complications (P = 0.003) and associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and total length of stay. Duration of TC was identified as an independent predictor of seizure recurrence with an optimal cutoff point at 35 hours. Significance This study suggests that a shorter duration yet deeper TC as treatment for RSE may be more effective and safer than the currently recommended TC duration of 24-48 hours. Prospective and randomized trials should be conducted to validate these assertions.
Role of an Accurate Treatment Locator and Cash-Only Practices in Access to Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorders

Beetham and colleagues reported a “secret shopper” study that describes barriers patients face when seeking clinicians who provide buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorders. The editorialist...
The Effect of Social Mixing Patterns on the Spread of AIDS

Mathematical models of the transmission of the AIDS virus can help us better understand the spread of the AIDS epidemic and prepare for the future. Model explorations can indicate which factors the epidemic is most sensitive to and provide guidance in designing interventions, educational programs and social behavior studies. We explore the sensitivity of a transmission model to different social mixing patterns. This model continuously distributes a homosexual community according to sexual partner change rates and can account for infectivity and conversion times that vary with time since infection. An acceptance function determines which partners are acceptable to an individual and defines the mixing between groups with different partner change rates. We find that if people only select partners with very similar behavior the epidemic grows much slower than if they are not as discriminating. Therefore, understanding social mixing patterns may be one of the most urgent tasks if we are to anticipate the future. We also find that the epidemic is sensitive to variable infectivity and conversion times.
Lower Back Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players: A 5-Season Epidemiological Study.

Background:Low back injuries are common in collegiate football players and can frequently lead to persistent pain, reinjuries, and time lost from participation.Purpose:To describe the epidemiology ...
Low-order many-body interactions determine the local structure of liquid water

Despite its apparent simplicity, water displays unique behavior across the phase diagram which is strictly related to the ability of the water molecules to form dense, yet dynamic, hydrogen-bond networks that continually fluctuate in time and space. The competition between different local hydrogen-bonding environments has been hypothesized as a possible origin of the anomalous properties of liquid water. Through a systematic application of the many-body expansion of the total energy, we demonstrate that the local structure of liquid water at room temperature is determined by a delicate balance between two-body and three-body energies, which is further modulated by higher-order many-body effects. Besides providing fundamental insights into the structure of liquid water, this analysis also emphasizes that a correct representation of two-body and three-body energies requires sub-chemical accuracy that is nowadays only achieved by many-body models rigorously derived from the many-body expansion of the total energy, which thus hold great promise for shedding light on the molecular origin of the anomalous behavior of liquid water.
Session III: Securities Law in Twenty‐First Century America: A Conversation with SEC Commissioner Robert Jackson

SEC Commissioner Robert Jackson comments on three major issues the Commission has been investigating: (1) the concentration of ownership among American stock exchanges; (2) the extent of common ownership of, and potential for undue influence over, U.S. corporations by large institutional shareholders; and (3) the role of corporate boards in promoting and protecting stakeholder interests as well as shareholder interests. In the first of the three areas, Jackson argues that the ownership of 12 of the 13 U.S. stock exchanges by just three financial conglomerates suggests a competitiveness problem— one that, despite the significant reductions in trading costs during the last 15 years, should receive further investigation. To the concerns raised by the common and increasingly concentrated ownership of U.S. public companies by institutional shareholders, the Commissioner's main response is to note that whatever culpability corporate America is forced to assume for our large and growing environmental and social problems must be shared with the largest U.S. institutional shareholders, whose collective resources and influence confer a responsibility to help guide companies when responding to such problems. Finally, on the issue of stakeholder theory and ESG, Jackson insists that asking corporate boards to put the interests of all stakeholders on a par with their shareholders’ when making strategic business decisions would be a mistake. Besides creating a major accountability problem, the adoption of stakeholder theory in place of “the clear, single‐minded objective function of increasing long‐run shareholder value” would deprive boards of their principal guide “when making the difficult tradeoffs among stakeholders that effective oversight and management of public companies require.”
A retrospective approach to examining child abuse disclosure

Abstract Background Often times, a child’s disclosure is the only forensic evidence available in child abuse cases. Therefore, understanding disclosure patterns of suspected child abuse victims plays a critical role in the forensic investigations of both child physical abuse (CPA) and child sexual abuse (CSA) cases. Objective To explore adults’ retrospective reports about childhood disclosure of CPA and CSA. Participants and setting College students (N = 907) were screened for reported histories of CSA (n = 94) or CPA (n = 109). Methods Through an online survey, participants provided anonymous information regarding CSA and CPA experiences along with information about any disclosure events or opportunities that they have encountered since the abuse. Results Among the adults reporting CSA histories, 50 % indicated disclosing the abuse during childhood; 80 % indicated any lifetime disclosure. Among the adults indicating CPA histories, 32 % reportedly disclosed the abuse to someone during childhood with 52 % reporting any lifetime disclosure. For both groups, length of delay until disclosure was bimodal with many individuals reporting immediately and many waiting considerable time. Among adults reporting CSA, a minority (16 %) indicated the abuse came to the attention of authorities, with even fewer CPA cases (8%) reporting authorities were aware of their abuse. Denial and recantation in a formal setting was infrequent regardless of abuse type reported. Conclusions Given that participants experiencing CSA and CPA both reported low levels of denial and recantation, forensic investigators and practitioners may benefit from considering consistent interviewing approaches and protocols, regardless of the type of abuse suspected.
Randomised trial of azithromycin to eradicate Ureaplasma in preterm infants

Objective To test whether azithromycin eradicates Ureaplasma from the respiratory tract in preterm infants. Design Prospective, phase IIb randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Seven level III–IV US, academic, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Patients Infants 240–286 weeks’ gestation (stratified 240–266; 270–286 weeks) randomly assigned within 4 days following birth from July 2013 to August 2016. Interventions Intravenous azithromycin 20 mg/kg or an equal volume of D5W (placebo) every 24 hours for 3 days. Main outcome measures The primary efficacy outcome was Ureaplasma-free survival. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, Ureaplasma clearance, physiological bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, comorbidities of prematurity and duration of respiratory support. Results One hundred and twenty-one randomised participants (azithromycin: n=60; placebo: n=61) were included in the intent-to-treat analysis (mean gestational age 26.2±1.4 weeks). Forty-four of 121 participants (36%) were Ureaplasma positive (azithromycin: n=19; placebo: n=25). Ureaplasma-free survival was 55/60 (92% (95% CI 82% to 97%)) for azithromycin compared with 37/61 (61% (95% CI 48% to 73%)) for placebo. Mortality was similar comparing the two treatment groups (5/60 (8%) vs 6/61 (10%)). Azithromycin effectively eradicated Ureaplasma in all azithromycin-assigned colonised infants, but 21/25 (84%) Ureaplasma-colonised participants receiving placebo were culture positive at one or more follow-up timepoints. Most of the neonatal mortality and morbidity was concentrated in 21 infants with lower respiratory tract Ureaplasma colonisation. In a subgroup analysis, physiological BPD-free survival was 5/10 (50%) (95% CI 19% to 81%) among azithromycin-assigned infants with lower respiratory tract Ureaplasma colonisation versus 2/11 (18%) (95% CI 2% to 52%) in placebo-treated infants. Conclusion A 3-day azithromycin regimen effectively eradicated respiratory tract Ureaplasma colonisation in this study. Trial registration number NCT01778634.
Policies to reduce food insecurity: An ethical imperative

A quarter of U.S. households receive food assistance, yet more than 11% still experience food insecurity annually. We argue that an expansion-oriented approach to food and nutrition assistance policy is an ethical imperative. Drawing on values from the Capability Approach and Social Empathy Model and supported by empirical evidence, we propose an ethical framework characterized by four principles that can be used to assess and inform the development of just food policies. We argue that policies should (1) embrace compassion, (2) create opportunity, (3) consider essential needs, and (4) promote knowledge and empathy. In an applied case, we evaluate current SNAP policy in terms of those principles and offer recommendations to promote justice in the design and implementation of SNAP and other food policies.
Bayesian Model for HOPE Mass Spectrometers on Van Allen Probes

Space instruments rely heavily on modeling to predict and understand the instrument response, enabling a determination of the capabilities and resolution. The Bayesian approach provides a framework...
Perceived Healthcare Access among Persons with and without HIV Who Use Illicit Stimulants: The Role of Cumulative Risk

Background: Persons who use stimulant drugs have greater morbidity and mortality relative to non-users. HIV infection has the potential to contribute to even great disparity in health outcomes amon...
Market Structure and the Dynamics of Retail Food Prices

The effect of retail grocery market structure on the speed of adjustment of retail food prices to changes in producer prices, real wages, and the cost of energy was examined for SMSAs. Evidence failed to support the implication of the Mason-Bain paradigm that increased concentration reduces market efficiency as reflected in speed of retail price adjustment. Evidence of strong intertemporal relationships between change in producer prices and retail prices found for the categories meat, poultry, fish, eggs and cereal and baker products provide support to the hypothesis of cost-push inflation.
Congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency as a new deletion mutation: Detection in a proband during subsequent prenatal diagnosis by HLA typing and DNA analysis

A child with 21-OH-def whose 9 weeks' pregnant mother was referred for prenatal diagnosis was found upon very careful histocompatibility testing to lack expression of any of his father's HLA antigens on his peripheral blood lymphocytes. The possibility of alternative paternity was considered to be extremely unlikely after additional genetic marker tests. The conclusion that the affected child's disease resulted from inheritance of a maternal CYP21B (21-OH) deletion and a de novo deletion in the paternal chromosome 6 segment that includes both the CYP21B (21-OH) and HLA genes was confirmed by subsequent DNA analysis using 21-OH, C4, DPB, and PCH6 probes. The presence of a heterozygous RFLP for DPB, the absence of a deletion for either CYP21B (21-OH) or C4 genes, and the presence of a paternal HLA antigen haplotype on the fetal cells additionally indicated that the fetus lacked the same deletion and could be predicted to be completely normal.
Independent Immigrants: A Settlement of Hanoverian Germans in Western Missouri

Review of: "Independent Immigrants: A Settlement of Hanoverian Germans in Western Missouri," by Robert W. Frizzell.
Whale Wars: A Somewhat Psychoanalytic Review

Freudian metapsychology can be used to understand cultural phenomenon, especially when there is conflict between differing groups. Reality television, in depicting such conflicts, provides an opportunity to glimpse the underlying unconscious currents motivating group behavior that are at times, seemingly irrational. The television show Whale Wars is a prime example of this aspect of reality-based television. Through its portrayal of the real conflict between Japanese whalers and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, the show reveals unconscious motivations and group dynamics that conform to Freud’s theories. This paper will review the psychology of the Sea Shepherds and their relation to the Japanese whalers in an attempt to bring greater perspective and understanding to the conflict.
Gender determination of effort and associated cardiovascular responses: When men place greater value on available performance incentives

Participants were presented an easy or difficult mental addition task and led to believe that they could win a traditionally masculine incentive by meeting a certain performance standard. As expected, blood pressure and heart rate responses during the work period were stronger under difficult conditions than easy ones among men but low under both difficulty conditions among women. Findings support the suggestion from a conceptual analysis grounded in motivation intensity theory that gender differences in cardiovascular response could be partially understood in terms of effort processes that occur where men and women place different value on available performance incentives.
Der Mensch, der gemessen werden soll

Dieses Kapitel teilt uns Menschen in verschiedene Sorten ein, was wir gemeinhin nicht mogen. Wir merken aber in Geschmacksfragen, wie verschieden wir sind. Wir mochten alle etwas anderes haben. Es ist daher ziemlich toricht, auf dem Standpunkt zu beharren, wir seien gleichartig. Wenn wir akzeptieren, verschieden zu sein, dann durfen wir eben auch Verschiedenes wollen. Etwas, was genau zu uns passt. Das ist doch besser!?
Metallic state in ( TMTSF ) 2 PF 6 at low pressure

Magnetoresistance rotation data in the pressure range 6.0--8.3 kbar in the quasi-one-dimensional metal ${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}{\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$ are well reproduced by semiclassical simulations. Thus, benchmarks suggested by an incoherent interlayer transport model for non-Fermi-liquid behavior are not met, in contrast to results at higher pressures. A saturating magnetoresistance, however, appears nonclassical. More definitive criteria on what is and is not a Fermi liquid are required before the ultimate fate of this and related low-dimensional conductors can be determined.
The Coulomb Dissociation of 8B; A Triumph of Good Science

The GSI1, GSI2 (as well as the RIKEN2 and the corrected GSI2) measurements of the Coulomb Dissociation (CD) of 8B are in good agreement with the most recent Direct Capture (DC) 7Be(p,g)8B reaction measurement performed at Weizmann and in agreement with the Seattle result. Yet it was claimed that the CD and DC results are sufficiently different and need to be reconciled. We show that these statements arise from a misunderstanding (as well as misrepresentation) of CD experiments. We recall a similar strong statement questioning the validity of the CD method due to an invoked large E2 component that was also shown to arise from a misunderstanding of the CD method. In spite of the good agreement between DC and CD data the slope of the astrophysical cross section factor (S17) can not be extracted with high accuracy due to a discrepancy between the recent DC data as well as a discrepancy of the three reports of the GSI CD data. The slope is directly related to the d-wave component that dominates at higher energies and must be subtracted from measured data to extrapolate to zero energy. Hence the uncertainty of the measured slope leads to an additional uncertainty of the extrapolated zero energy cross section factor, S17(0). This uncertainty must be alleviated by future experiments to allow a precise determination of S17(0), a goal that so far has not be achieved in spite of strong statement(s) that appeared in the literature.