cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anaphylactic reaction to penicillin (or penicillin-like substance) in a soft drink

An acute anaphylactic reaction occurred in a patient known to be highly sensitive to penicillin following ingestion of the soft drink Wink. Bacteriologic studies showed the presence of penicillin or a penicillin-like substance in the Wink, suggesting it as the cause of the anaphylaxis. The source of this contaminant could not be identified.
Genetic Relationships and Additive Genetic Variation of Productive and Reproductive Traits in Guernsey Dairy Cattle

Abstract Data were first lactation production and reproduction records initiated from 1958 to 1981 in two experiment station Guernsey herds. Heritability estimates using paternal half sib groups were .24±.12 for milk yield, .27±.12 for fat yield, and .77±.15 for fat percentage. Heritability estimates for reproductive traits ranged from .01 to .04 for number of services, service period, conception rate, and days open, but were higher for days in milk at first breeding (.12) and age at first calving (.13). Except for age at first calving, coefficients of additive genetic variation were larger for reproductive traits than for productive traits. Genetic correlations between measures of production and reproduction were moderate to large and antagonistic, except that the relationship between production and age at first calving was favorable. Breeding value estimates for milk yield and reproduction were negatively correlated for sires with above average breeding values for milk yield. Huge phenotypic variances for reproductive traits masked substantial additive genetic variation for these traits. When all things are considered it seems unwise to ignore reproductive performance in selection programs for dairy cattle.
Assessing the accuracy of clinical signs in acute knee injuries in current clinical practice: a prospective study

We conclude that the named clinical tests and signs are reliable in diagnosing ACL rupture. Joint line tenderness is the most reliable sign of meniscal injury.
A GIANT SVG TO RCA ANEURYSM AS AN INCIDENTAL FINDING DURING PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is the standard of care for diabetics with three vessel coronary artery disease. Large aneurysms of a saphenous vein graft are rare with only 108 case reports in the literature. Coronary CT angiography is a non-invasive imaging modality which can safely and non-
The New Proletarians: Third World Reality and First World Categories

Although wage work has been present in the third world for some time, more people in that world are selling more of their labor today than ever before. Anthropologists and other social scientists have dealt with this increase in the amount of wage labor by using a variety of concepts, including urbanization, migration, and proletarianization. Recently, the concept of the peasant-wor-ker has appeared in the literature with greater frequency and a new meaning. This study examines one current use and discusses some of the problems associated with it.
Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation: a prospective cohort study

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been identified in a significant portion of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. We sought to identify factors associated with PTSD symptoms in patients following critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation. Forty-three patients who were mechanically ventilated in the medical and coronary ICUs of a university-based medical center were prospectively followed during their ICU admission for delirium with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Additionally, demographic data were obtained and severity of illness was measured with the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score. Six months after discharge, patients were screened for PTSD symptoms by means of the Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome 10-Questions Inventory (PTSS-10). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of potential risk factors with PTSS-10 scores. At follow-up, six (14%) patients had high levels of PTSD symptoms. On multivariable analysis, women had higher PTSS-10 scores than men by a margin of 7.36 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62 to 13.11; p = 0.02). Also, high levels of PTSD symptoms were less likely to occur in older patients, with symptoms declining after age 50 (p = 0.04). Finally, although causation cannot be assumed, the total dose of lorazepam received during the ICU stay was associated with PTSD symptoms; for every 10-mg increase in cumulative lorazepam dose, PTSS-10 score increased by 0.39 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.61; p = 0.04). No significant relationship was noted between severity of illness and PTSD symptoms or duration of delirium and PTSD symptoms. High levels of PTSD symptoms occurred in 14% of patients six months following critical illness necessitating mechanical ventilation, and these symptoms were most likely to occur in female patients and those receiving high doses of lorazepam. High levels of PTSD symptoms were less likely to occur in older patients.
Climatic Limits of Tropical African Honeybees in the Americas

(1984). Climatic Limits of Tropical African Honeybees in the Americas. Bee World: Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 38-47.
The formation of the vasculature of free gingiva in deciduous teeth of cats and dogs

Vital microscopy, silicone rubber perfusion and histologic techniques were applied in a study of the development of the gingival vascular morphology in cats and dogs, during and following eruption of the deciduous canines and molars. It was found that vascular and histological events associated with the organisation of the capillaries in crestal gingiva predominated during the early stages of eruption. Vascular remodelling during the later stages of tooth eruption occurred in apical gingiva and was associated with apparent degeneration and loss of some vessels. A regular vascular network, comparable to that described by Hock and Nuki (1971), was found in all gingival specimens examined prior to the onset of clinical gingivitis.
Microfilaments and actin-associated proteins at sites of membrane-substrate attachment within acetylcholine receptor clusters.

Abstract Rat myotubes in tissue culture form broad areas of close contact with the substrate. These areas often display two distinct, interdigitating sets of membrane domains. One, the “contact domain”, is close to the substrate; the other, termed the “AChR domain”, is further from the substrate and is rich in acetylcholine receptors (AChR). We have used fluorescence techniques to study the organization of the cytoskeleton in these areas. Substrate-apposed membrane of the myotubes was exposed either by shearing or by permeabilizing the cells with a neutral detergent. Phalloidin derivatives and affinity-purified polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specific for cytoskeletal proteins were then applied to the samples. Sheared samples were observed by epifluorescence microscopy; detergent-permeabilized samples were observed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We found that, like antivinculin, fluorescent phalloidin derivatives and antibodies to α-actinin, filamin, and talin preferentially labeled the contact domains. This suggests that bundles of microfilaments associate with the membrane at sites of myotubesubstrate attachment. In contrast, a 43K protein, closely associated with AChR, was present only at AChR domains. A monoclonal antibody to actin labeled both AChR and contact domains, suggesting that actin is enriched over both regions. Our results suggest that, like the plasma membrane of AChR clusters, the underlying membrane skeleton is organized into at least two distinct domains.
Plant species composition, calculated leaf masses and estimated biogenic emissions of urban landscape types from a field survey in Phoenix, Arizona

Vegetation in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area was surveyed using a modified stratified random sampling design to identify plant species and to measure foliar volumes for species-specific calculation of leaf mass. We identified the genus and species and measured the crown dimensions of plants located in a park and parking lot, and in three types of urban landscapes: flood-irrigated, mesic and xeric. Species compositions of these landscape types were compared quantitatively using a Sorenson index of similarity and the landscape types were found to be dissimilar. The three landscape types varied in calculated leaf masses and the respective identities of the dominant species, and relatively few plant species accounted for the majority of the leaf mass. Plant species and leaf mass data were used to estimate relative contributions from each landscape type of the biogenic volatile organic compounds isoprene and monoterpenes. Results from this study have implications for future plant surveys taken for biogenic emissions inventory development, and for plant species selection for urban landscapes, especially large-scale tree planting programs.
ArF-laser-induced absorption in fused silica exposed to low fluence at 2000 Hz

Excimer laser radiation changes the physical and optical properties of fused silica. These changes include laser induced absorption and density changes in the glass. Such effects may have an impact on the length of time for which optical elements made of fused silica can be used in DUV lithography systems. Corning Incorporated has recently developed and built a system for marathon testing of fused silica. The system consists of a 2000 Hz ArF laser and a specialized automated test bench. It allows the simultaneous testing of up to 10 samples under exposure conditions similar to the conditions expected in ArF lithographic exposure tools. First results of laser induced damage in samples exposed in this new system are presented.
Endothelin-1 stimulates DNA synthesis and anchorage-independent growth of Rat-1 fibroblasts through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.

Abstract Stimulation of quiescent cultured fibroblasts with a variety of growth-promoting factors induces release of diacylglycerol (DG) and subsequent activation of protein kinase C (pkC), but the role of pkC in the induction of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation remains unclear. We have investigated the involvement of pkC in the response of Rat-1 fibroblasts to the newly described peptide endothelin-1 (Et-1), an agonist that is secreted by the vascular endothelium and that may play a role in the proliferative response of cells in the vessel wall. Addition of Et-1 to serum-deprived Rat-1 cells promoted DNA synthesis in the absence of additional factors and stimulated anchorage-independent growth in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), indicating that Et-1 has many of the characteristics of a mitogen. The ability of Et-1 to stimulate both DNA synthesis and anchorage-independent growth was markedly reduced by the depletion of cellular pkC activity induced by prolonged exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In contrast, the ability of Et-1 to induce both second messenger production and transcription of c-fos and c-jun was largely independent of cellular pkC activity. Production of DG in response to Et-1 persisted for greater than 12 h and may account for the ability of Et-1 to augment the G1-S phase transition. Although these observations indicate that functional pkC is not an essential component of the proximal pathway leading to rapid changes in gene transcription and second messenger production in response to Et-1 treatment, the data suggest that activation of pkC is an essential component of the downstream events responsible for the stimulation of cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in Rat-1 cells exposed to Et-1.
Helminthosporoside, a host-specific toxin fromHelminthosporium sacchari: A structure revision and a new partial structure

Reevaluation of the previously proposed structure of helminthosporoside, a host-specific toxin fromHelminthosporium sacchari, reveals a sesquiterpenoid bis-digalactoside. The carbohydrate portion of the toxin was characterized by13C-NMR spectroscopy, methylation analyses, FD and FAB mass spectroscopy. The ring size and anomeric configuration of the galactose moieties were determined by utilizing a13C-NMR structural analysis method. A new partial structure is proposed.
Ensemble Perspective for Catalytic Promiscuity CALORIMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVE SITE CONFORMATIONAL LANDSCAPE OF A DETOXIFICATION ENZYME

Enzymological paradigms have shifted recently to acknowledge the biological importance of catalytic promiscuity. However, catalytic promiscuity is a poorly understood property, and no thermodynamic treatment has described the conformational landscape of promiscuous versus substrate-specific enzymes. Here, two structurally similar glutathione transferase (GST, glutathione S-transferase) isoforms with high specificity or high promiscuity are compared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates a reversible low temperature transition for the promiscuous GSTA1-1 that is not observed with substrate-specific GSTA4-4. This transition is assigned to rearrangement of the C terminus at the active site of GSTA1-1 based on the effects of ligands and mutations. Near-UV and far-UV circular dichroism indicate that this transition is due to repacking of tertiary contacts with the remainder of the subunit, rather than “unfolding” of the C terminus per se. Analysis of the DSC data using a modified Landau theory indicates that the local conformational landscape of the active site of GSTA1-1 is smooth, with barrierless transitions between states. The partition function of the C-terminal states is a broad unimodal distribution at all temperatures within this DSC transition. In contrast, the remainder of the GSTA1-1 subunit and the GSTA4-4 protein exhibit folded and unfolded macrostates with a significant energy barrier separating them. Their partition function includes a sharp unimodal distribution of states only at temperatures that yield either folded or unfolded macrostates. At intermediate temperatures the partition function includes a bimodal distribution. The barrierless rearrangement of the GSTA1-1 active site within a local smooth energy landscape suggests a thermodynamic basis for catalytic promiscuity.
Reconstitution of the fatty acid hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P450BM-3 utilizing its functional domains

Cytochrome P450BM-3, a catalytically self-sufficient fatty acid monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium, is a multidomain protein containing heme, FAD, and FMN. Previous attempts to reconstitute the fatty acid monooxygenase activity of intact P450BM-3 utilizing equimolar concentrations of the separate heme (BMP) and reductase (BMR) domains, have been unsuccessful because two-electron reduced FMN, which rapidly accumulates, is incapable of electron transfer to the heme iron. The present study of the reconstitution of the monooxygenase activity of P450BM-3 utilized combinations of the different functional domains of P450BM-3. For this purpose, the FAD/NADPH- and FMN-binding domains of P450BM-3 as well as the combination of the heme- and FMN-binding domains (BMP/FMN) have been expressed and purified. The reconstitution systems, consisting of either BMP/FMN and FAD domains or BMP, FMN, and FAD domains, were still less effective than the holoenzyme, P450BM-3, but were much more effective than a system consisting of BMP and BMR. The maximal rate of oxidation of palmitic acid by the newly developed reconstitution systems is still only approximately 5% of the activity of the holoenzyme. The reconstitution systems produced omega-1, omega-2, and omega-3 monohydroxy palmitic acid, but not the secondary products of palmitic acid hydroxylation observed with the holoenzyme. The physical cause of the inability to reconstitute fully the maximal activity of the holoenzyme as well as the lack of secondary product formation is not presently understood.
Endocervicosis of the Bladder: A Rare Mucinous Analogue of Endometriosis

Vesical endocervicosis, a rare mucinous analogue of endometriosis, was first described in 7 patients in 1992 by Clement and Y0ung.l These cases were characterized by glandular lesions involving the bladder with prominent endocervical-like epithelium. Two other cases were subsequently reported2.3 and, thus, clinical experience with this entity is limited. To OUT knowledge this condition has not been reported in men and no association has been described with malignant transformation or progression (including atypia). All patients were presumed to have an underlying malignancy and they were treated surgically. Although related to endometriosis, endocervicosis is a distinct clinical entity and its relationship to coexisting endometriotis is unknown. CASE REPORT T. B., a 29-year-old black woman (gravida III, para 111, no abortions), presented to the gynmlogbt with progressive pelvic pain and irritative voiding symptoms 3 years in duration. Sonography revealed a normal uterus and a 3.2 X 2.2 em. mass extending from the base of the bladder to the anterior cervix. The gynecologist performed diagnostic laparoscopy, believing that the mass represented isolated ceMd endometriosis. Urinary symptoms progressed and the patient was referred to the urological service for evduation. Cystoscopy revealed a violaceous submucosal mass at the
The relationship between phosphorus and copper concentrations in wheat

Abstract Poorly managed kaolinitic soils are often too low in P and K for optimum agronomic crop production. Even though many of these soils have relatively high phosphate fixing capacities, P applied at sufficient rates to increase soil P to acceptable levels may induce micronutrient deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of applied and residual P on Mn, Zn, and Cu uptake by field grown wheat (Triticum aestivum). Treatments were a one‐time application of P (0, 64, 128, 256, and 384 kg/ha P) and K (0, 110, 220, 440, and 660 kg/ha K) rates arranged in a 5×5 complete factorial. The treatments were applied in October, 1977 and the study was continued through June, 1979. Potassium and P × K interactions did not have a significant effect on Mn, Zn, or Cu uptake. Phosphorus did not affect Mn concentration in the wheat tissue but Zn and Cu concentrations generally decreased as applied and residual soil P levels increased. The tissue Zn concentration at the various plant growth stages...
Eicosanoid production by isolated glomeruli of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction

Eicosanoid production by isolated glomeruli of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. The production of PGE 2 6-keto PGF lα and TxB 2 under basal conditions and after exposure to angiotensin II was examined in vitro in isolated glomeruli from sham-operated control rats and rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction of 24 hour duration, that were or were not pretreated with an inhibitor of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). Basal prostanoid production was greater in glomeruli from the obstructed kidney (OK) than in glomeruli from the contralateral kidney (CLK) of rats with obstruction or glomeruli from the kidneys of sham-operated rats. Glomeruli obtained from the CLK of rats with unilateral obstruction also produced more PGE 2 and 6-keto PGF lα than glomeruli obtained from kidneys of sham-operated rats. Administration of an ACE inhibitor to rats with unilateral obstruction in vivo returned basal prostanoid production in vitro to levels seen in glomeruli of sham-operated rats, The increase in prostanoid production in response to angiotensin II added in vitro was less in glomeruli from rats with unilateral obstruction than in glomeruli from sham-operated rats. However, the response was restored to that seen in glomeruli of sham-operated rats after blockade of angiotensin II synthesis in vivo in rats with unilateral obstruction. Blockade of angiotensin II synthesis in sham-operated rats did not affect prostanoid synthesis by their glomeruli. The results indicate that endogenous angiotensin II has an important role in the increased synthesis of prostanoids found not only in glomeruli of the OK but also of the CLK of rats with unilateral obstruction and that the in vitro prostanoid production in response to angiotensin II can be restored to that seen in sham-operated rats when the synthesis of angiotensin II is inhibited in vivo.
Understanding the multispectral forward scatter patterns by diffraction theory

We present a comprehensive theoretical modeling of spectral light scattering phenomena from bacterial colonies. Individual colony is modeled as spatial light modulator, and effect of elevation, diameter, and refractive index of a colony were analyzed.
Numerical Study on Turbulence Modification in Particle-Laden Pipe Flows

This investigation deals with the study on the processes involved in the phenomenon about turbulence modification in dilute gas-particle turbulent flows. The proposed model, along with other selected turbulence modification models from the literature, is used to simulate a particle-laden vertical pipe flow. The simulation results show that the new model provides improved predictions of the experimental data.
Giving Sorrow New Words: Shifting Politics of Bereavement in a Papua New Guinea Village

This article examines the relationship between personhood and polity among the Kwanga of New Guinea, using as an example the response of a Christian pastor and his wife to the sudden death of their daughter. The position is adopted that emotional experience and expression are profoundly shaped by cultural scripts, which are, in turn, linked to systems of inequality. Conditions are identified under which, during personal crises— such as bereavement—when fundamental assumptions are challenged, some people can reflect on and make restorative innovations in tacit cultural scripts whereas others incorporate suffering within a passive identity as victim. Particular attention is given to gender relations and the creation of new roles for Kwanga men.
Transcription Factor Ets1 Cooperates with Estrogen Receptor α to Stimulate Estradiol-Dependent Growth in Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of transcription factor Ets1 in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer progression. We expressed human Ets1 or empty vector in four human ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines and observed increased colony formation. Further examination of cellular responses in stable Ets1-expressing MCF7 clones displayed increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ets1-expressing MCF7 tumors grown in the mammary fat pads of nude mice exhibited increased rates of tumor growth (7.36±2.47 mm3/day) compared to control MCF7 tumors (2.52±1.70 mm3/day), but maintained their dependence on estradiol for tumor growth. Proliferation marker Ki-67 staining was not different between control and Ets1-expressing tumors, but Ets1-expressing tumors exhibited large necrotic centers and elevated apoptotic staining. Ets1 was shown to cooperate with ERα and the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator (NCOA/SRC) family to increase activation of a consensus estrogen response element luciferase reporter construct. Ets1-expressing MCF7 cells also exhibited elevated expression of the ERα target genes, progesterone receptor and trefoil factor 1. Using GST-pulldown assays, Ets1 formed stable complexes containing both ERα and p160 nuclear receptor coactivators. Taken together, these data suggest that the Ets1-dependent estradiol sensitization of breast cancer cells and tumors may be partially due to the ability of Ets1 to cooperate with ERα and nuclear receptor coactivators to stimulate transcriptional activity of estrogen-dependent genes.
Tillage and residue management effects on arylamidase activity in soils

Recent interest in soil tillage and residue management has focused on low-input sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of three tillage systems (no-till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow) and four residue placements (bare, normal, mulch, and double mulch) on a most recently detected enzyme in soils, arylamidase activity. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of an N-terminal amino acid from peptides, amides, or arylamides. Results showed that arylamidase activity is greatly affected by tillage and crop residue placement. The greatest activity was found with chisel/mulch, moldboard plow/mulch, and no-till/double mulch, and the lowest with moldboard plow/normal and no-till/bare. Arylamidase activity was significantly correlated with organic C (r=0.59**) and soil pH CaCl2 (r=0.55**), and decreased with soil depth. Results of this work suggest that the activity of this enzyme is affected by soil management, and indicate its potential ecological significance because of its role in the N cycle.
Human lymphokine-activated killer cells are cytotoxic against cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Summary Experiments were conducted to determine whether human lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are cytotoxic against cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Nylon wool nonadherent (NWNA) peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as purified natural killer cell (NK) (CD3- CDt6 + CD56 +) and T (CD3 + CD16- CD56-) cells obtained from five healthy T. gondii seronegative volunteers exhibited minimal cytotoxic activity against T. gondii-infected cells. When standard LAK (S-LAK) cell preparations were induced by incubation of NWNA cells with recombinant interleukin 2, induction of remarkable cytotoxic activity against T. gondii-infected cells was observed in LAK cell preparations from each of the volunteers. The phenotype of the LAK precursor and effector cells varied depending on the target cell used. Whereas the precursor and the effector cells of most of the LAK activity against K562 and Daudi cells were cells with NK phenotype, when T. gondii-infected cells were used as targets, both cells with NK and T cell phenotypes were precursors and effectors of the lysis. When cytotoxic activity of S-LAK cells was compared with the activity of adherent LAK (A-LAK) cells, A-LAK cells displayed higher cytotoxic activity against T. gondii-infected cells, as well as against K562 and Daudi cells. Cold target inhibition experiments suggested that there is a subset of LAK effector cells capable of lysing both T. gondiiinfected cells and Daudi cells, whereas other subsets preferentially or exclusively lyse one of these target cells.
Time‐Dependent Health Risk from Contaminated Groundwater Including Use of Reliability, Resilience, and Vulnerability as Measures

Traditionally, assessment of human health risk caused by contamination of a water supply focuses on the maximum risk to an individual. Here, we introduce a time-dependent risk assessment method and adapt and explore the reliability, resilience, and vulnerability (RRV) criteria from the surface-water literature as possi- ble tools for assessing this risk. Time-dependent risk assessment, including RRV, is applied to two synthetic examples where water quality at a well varies over time. We calculate time-dependent health risks for discrete periods of exposure to the contaminated water for a variable population. The RRV criteria provide information about time-dependent risk: probability of an acceptable risk, probability of system recovery, maximum risk, and average exceedance of a prescribed risk threshold. The results demonstrate that episodic contamination events produce fundamentally different time-dependent risks than long-term events: these differences, such as gener- ally lower risks for the episodic contamination, can be captured via plots of the risk and the RRV criteria. Fur- thermore, the evaluation of time-dependent health risk and the RRV criteria demonstrates significant sensitivity to the shape of the contaminant breakthrough curve, length of exposure, and variability within the population. Overall, analysis of time-dependent health risks provides substantial insight into the structure of risk, with RRV providing a reasonable framework for the evaluation of these risks. (KEY TERMS: groundwater hydrology; risk assessment; drinking water; public health; cancer risk; groundwater contamination.)
The freshman seminar for electrical engineering students at RIT

The electrical engineering (EE) faculty at Rochester Institute of Technology decided to attack the problem of attrition by means of a one-credit course titled Freshman Seminar in EE. this course seeks to help freshmen get to know each other better by meeting them in small groups in order to build a mutually supporting environment that will help them succeed at the Institute. It is also designed to discuss the resources available at the Institute to help them. It is also seeks to present them with examples of engineering design done by seniors in the EE program and to improve their computer literacy, and to discuss the importance of time management. >
The Neoliberal Political Economy and Erosion of Retirement Security

The origins and trajectory of the crisis in the United States retirement security system have slowly become part of the discussion about the social, political, and economic impacts of population aging. Private sources of retirement security have weakened significantly since 1980 as employers have converted defined benefits precisions to defined contribution plans. The Center for Retirement Research (CRR) now estimates that over half of boomer generation retirees will not receive 70-80% of their wages while working. This erosion of the private retirement security system will likely increase reliance on the public system, mainly Social Security and Medicare. These programs, however, have increasingly become the targets of critics who claim that they are not financially sustainable in their current form and must be significantly modified. This article will focus on an analysis of these trends in the erosion of the United States retirement security system and their connection to changes in the United States political economy as neoliberal, promarket ideology, and policies (low taxes, reduced spending, and deregulation) have become dominant in the private and public sectors. The neoliberal priority on reducing labor costs and achieving maximum shareholder value has created an environment inimical to maintain the traditional system of pension and health care benefits in both the private and public sectors. This article explores the implications of these neoliberal trends in the United States economy for the future of retirement security.
An application of pulse-gradient double-quantum spin echoes to diffusion measurements on molecules with scalar-coupled spins

Abstract The theory and an application of double-quantum coherence for the measurement of diffusion of a molecule containing a scalar-coupled 19F spin system, 1,1,3-trichloro-2,2,3trifluorocyclobutane, is presented and discussed. It is shown that the technique is capable of measuring diffusion of molecules in viscous media with application of only modest field gradients. T2 relaxation studies, showing multiple-quantum T2's to be slightly longer than one-quantum T2's suggest a possible sensitivity advantage of the multiple-quantum method over the more conventional spin-echo diffusion experiment.
The role of work for wives of alcoholics.

The family has increasingly been recognized as an important component in the development, maintenance, and treatment of alcoholism. Few empirical studies, however, have examined alcoholism within a family context. Questionnaire and interview data were collected from women whose husbands received inpatient treatment for alcoholism. Since wives now typically work outside the home, this article focuses on the 60 employed wives. Employment was examined as a source of stress as well as social support. The majority of working wives reported minimal negative impact of their husbands' drinking on all areas of their work functioning, with a small subset indicating impairment attributable to the drinking. These wives were very satisfied with their current positions and described work as a positive experience. However, unobtrusive measures that alcoholism in a family member intrudes into the workplace were apparent, including changing jobs, absenteeism, and discussing husbands' drinking at work. Further, these women...
Mindsets and Commentarial Conventions among Indian Buddhists

This article is in five sections. After a brief introduction, I examine Johannes Bronkhorst’s hypothesis that postulation of a commentarial “mindset” may help to account for the persistence of errors that occur in medieval Indian root texts and in commentaries on those texts. Although aspects of Bronkhorst’s account are tenable, I argue that its overall conclusion is unhelpful and should be reassessed in light of the data provided in Buddhist commentaries and commentarial guides. In the article’s third and fourth sections, I explore two instances of commentary that call into question the explanatory power of the commentarial mindset as sketched by Bronkhorst. The fifth section of the article suggests some previously overlooked resources for recovery of the conventions that governed the composition of commentaries among Indian Buddhists.
MIOSPORE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BORDEN DELTA (LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN; OSAGEAN) IN KENTUCKY AND INDIANA, U.S.A.

One hundred seventy-five samples from the Borden Delta provided a detailed biostratigraphic framework for part of the Lower Mississippian clastic succession in Kentucky and Indiana. The samples indicate the eastern and southern parts of the Borden Delta are correlative with the PC Biozone and CM Biozones of Western Europe respectively; however, biostratigraphical problems arise in the western part of the investigated area (Indiana). The appearance of Lycospora pusilla in the samples from south-central Indiana is important in that it raises questions regarding the level of the Tournaisian–Visean boundary, it suggests floral provincialism in this part of North America during the Lower Mississippian, and it does not correlate with the previously established miospore zone from Western Europe.
Linear scaffolds for multivalent targeting of melanocortin receptors.

Melanocortin receptors can be used as biomarkers to detect and possibly treat melanoma. To these ends, molecules bearing one, two, or three copies of the weakly binding ligand MSH(4) were attached to scaffolds based on phloroglucinol, tripropargylamine, and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane by means of the copper-assisted azide-alkyne cyclization. This synthetic design allows rapid assembly of multivalent molecules. The bioactivities of these compounds were evaluated using a competitive binding assay that employed human embryonic kidney cells engineered to overexpress the melanocortin 4 receptor. The divalent molecules exhibited 10- to 30-fold higher levels of inhibition when compared to the corresponding monovalent molecules, consistent with divalent binding. The trivalent molecules were only statistically (∼2-fold) better than the divalent molecules, still consistent with divalent binding but inconsistent with trivalent binding. Possible reasons for these behaviors and planned refinements of the multivalent constructs targeting melanocortin receptors based on these scaffolds are discussed.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Patient With Chronic Hepatitis C and Cirrhosis

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus, but its genome and replicative intermediates also have been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Chronic HCV infection may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma and, in a small percentage of cases, to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To our knowledge, coexistence of these 2 tumors has not been reported previously. We describe a case of chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis with 2 small hepatocellular carcinomas and incidental non-Hodgkin lymphoma of a hilar lymph node found during liver transplantation. Although the mechanisms of HCV oncogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma and in lymphoma are unclear, the presence of these 2 tumors in a single patient are in agreement with the tropism of HCV and its role in oncogenesis.
Proxy Aided Key Pre-distribution Schemes for Sensor Networks

Classical sensor network applications involve deployments of a large number of resource constrained wireless sensors in conjunction with a few "more capable" proxy devices. Many key distribution schemes employing only symmetric cryptographic primitives have been proposed for establishing pairwise secrets between sensors. At one end of the spectrum are Kerberos-like approaches where proxy devices are trusted with secrets of sensors, and mediate establishment of pairwise secrets between sensors. At the other end of the spectrum are many collusion susceptible key pre-distribution schemes that do not rely on the proxy devices for establishment of pairwise secrets. In this paper we propose a third approach where while the proxies aid the sensors in the process of establishment of pairwise secrets, the proxy devices are not trusted with the secrets of the sensors.
Medical dilemmas: the old is new

artificial kidney. I quickly appreciated that al- though acute hemodialysis was a wonderful technology, it did not enable treatment of the largest group of individuals with fatal kidney disease: those with end-stage renal disease. Continued improvements in artificial kidney design did not help. Chronic hemodialysis was not possible because there was no good method to permit repeated circulatory access to both arterial and venous blood. In the 1950s, circulatory access for acute hemodialysis damaged the arteries and veins so they could not be readily re-used. A practical solution, we thought, was the use of arterio-venous (AV) shunts that could be at- tached surgically and removed temporarily for each dialysis session. The idea of a removable AV shunt was good because with decreased resistance to flow through the shunt (com- pared with that of a capillary bed), there would be an increase of flow through the vessels that would enlarge the arteries and veins. The 'seasoned' vessels would then lead to better blood flow through the artificial kidney, and the physiological cost would be modest—some 'wasted' blood flow when the shunt was in place. If the shunt worked as envisioned, it would pro- duce reusable access points to arterial blood, enable sufficient pressure and flow to perfuse the artificial kidney and provide venous attachment of the shunt to enable venous return. AV access would then no longer destroy the vessels. However, we had to invent two essential elements to make shunts practical. First, we developed a non-sticky 'U' tube to provide a slippery surface so that clots would not form on it between dialysis ses- sions. We used Dupont plastic Teflon, then recently invented, for this tube. We custom-formed and bent the shunt from Teflon tubing for each patient so that it would fit the patient's vascular anatomy
Exploring the Stress-Buffering Effects of Church-Based and Secular Social Support on Self-Rated Health in Late Life

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to see if emotional support received from fellow church members and emotional support from secular social networks reduce the effects of financial strain on self-rated health. A second goal is to determine if church-based social support is a more important coping resource for older Blacks than for older Whites. Methods. The data come from the second wave of interviews with a nationwide sample of older people. Two groups of older adults are included in the analyses: Older Christians who go to church more than twice a year (N ¼548) and older people who do not go to church as frequently (N ¼ 238). Results. The data suggest that support from fellow church members tends to reduce the impact of financial strain on self-rated health, but support from secular network members fails to exert a similar effect. The findings also reveal that the stress-buffering effects of church-based support emerge among older Blacks, but not older Whites. Discussion. The findings from this study suggest that there may be something relatively unique about support that is provided by fellow church members.
Side-channel watermarks for embedded software

In this paper we introduce a new software watermarking mechanism for the embedded environment. The newly proposed software watermarking mechanism can be added at the assembly level and hides the watermark in the power consumption of the device. By using side-channel analysis techniques, the verifier can reliably detect his watermark in the power traces of the device. This new approach is especially well suited for embedded microcontrollers that have program memory protection. In comparison to other software watermark mechanisms a verifier does not need to have access to the software code or data memory to detect the watermark. This makes the detection of the watermarks very efficient for embedded applications in which access to the program code or data memory is very restricted. Our watermark method can therefore serve as a very easy and cost efficient way to detect software theft for embedded applications.
Prehistoric Plant Use at Beaver Creek Rock Shelter, Southwestern Montana, U.S.A.

The 2011 Carroll College Archaeological Field School conducted an exploratory excavation within the Beaver Creek Rock Shelter in southwestern Montana, U.S.A. The excavation exposed four cultural occupation layers dat-ing to over 2,500 years ago. Pollen retrieved from the pa-leoenvironmental record included a wide variety of plants. Seven plant families were found in three of the occupa-tion layers and in only one natural layer. This research reviewed the traditional Native American ethnobotanical uses of those seven plant families. They were used pri-marily for medicinal purposes. Although archaeologists have traditionally viewed botanical remains as evidence of prehistoric subsistence, this research demonstrates ar-chaeologists’ need to use caution in assuming plant re-mains in the archaeological record are predominately tied to subsistence.
The cost of forgiveness: Observers prefer victims who leave unfaithful romantic partners

Ninety-six male fraternity members (Study 1), 112 female voters (Study 2), and 219 undergraduates (Study 3) read scenarios in which a group representative forgave, retaliated, or left a romantic partner after the partner’s sexual infidelity was publically revealed. Observers rated a victim who forgave his or her partner to be as mature as a victim who ended the relationship, but also as weaker and less competent. They rated a victim who forgave to be more mature but almost as weak and incompetent as a victim who retaliated. Symbolic concerns that the victim’s behavior violated shared values (all three studies) or damaged the group’s power/status (Study 3) mediated the relationship between victim behavior and victim ratings. These data demonstrate how the symbolic concerns that shape observers’ judgments of an offender can extend to observers’ judgments of the victim. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation and optimization of replication algorithms for logic bipartitioning

Logic partitioning is an important area of very large scale integration computer aided design and there have been numerous approaches proposed. Logic replication, the duplication of logic in order to minimize communication between partitions, can be an effective component of a complete partitioning solution. In this paper we seek a better understanding of the important issues in logic replication. By adding new optimizations to existing algorithms we are able to significantly improve the quality of these techniques, achieving up to 13.9% better results than the best existing replication techniques. When integrated into our already state-of-the-art (nonreplication) partitioner, we improve overall cutsizes by 38.8%, while requiring the duplication of at most 7% of the logic.
Anti-Rd (Radin) Following the Transfusion of a Radin Positive Unit of Blood

Anti-Rd (Radin) was first described in association with five cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn. The authors report an anti-Rd that was demonstrated following the transfusion of a Radin positive unit of blood. The antibody appears to be of the IgC immunoglobulin class and increased in titer following the transfusion.
Purple Unicorns, True Models, and Other Things I've Never Seen

I have had the privilege of knowing Professor Maydeu-Olivares for almost a decade. Although our paths cross only occasionally, such instances are always enjoyable and enlightening. I had a very sim...
Endodontic Considerations for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth

The aim of this chapter is to offer a guide, from the endodontist’s perspective, as to how root canal-treated teeth should be restored, and to give some clinical recommendations to help meet these restorative goals. The endodontic and restorative components of treatment are typically considered as independent phases. However, when considering the impact of each of these phases on the long-term prognosis of the tooth, it becomes apparent that both the endodontic and restorative plans should be considered jointly before treatment is carried out. With so many options for the timing of treatment, endodontic and restorative materials, and restoration design, the clinician is left with some difficult decisions at the treatment planning phase. In this chapter, considerations for the material characteristics, restoration design, and management of post placement complications are presented and discussed with respect to their impact on long-term prognosis. In addition, treatment sequencing, techniques of temporization, and strategies to prevent coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth are discussed in detail.
Computed Tomographic–Pathologic Correlation of Gross Tumor Volume and Clinical Target Volume in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Context.—Computed tomographic (CT) scan data are used regularly in radiation treatment planning for patients with lung cancer. To our knowledge, the relationship of the CT images of tumors...
The Fundamental Equations of Continuum Mechanics

Continuum mechanics draws its equations from three sources of physical information. In Section 4.2 we have already discussed the constitutive equations, which describe the empirical properties of the material. The kinematic relations between the displacement vector and the strain tensor have been explained in Chapter 2, but the treatment given there had a preliminary character because we approached the subject before we had learned how to differentiate a vector. We shall have to come back to this subject. The equilibrium conditions and their dynamic counterpart, the equations of motion, have not yet been touched upon. All this will be done now, and then we shall see how one can condense all these equations to a single one for one surviving unknown.