cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incarceration Among Chronically Homeless Adults: Clinical Correlates and Outcomes

This study categorized 751 chronically homeless adults enrolled in supported housing programs into three groups: participants who reported no history of incarceration (n = 221; 29%), those who reported being incarcerated for a total of one year or less (n = 267; 36%), and those who reported being incarcerated for a total of more than one year (n = 263; 35%). Although participants who reported an incarceration history also reported more extensive histories of substance abuse and homelessness than those who reported no incarceration history, there were no differences in these outcomes over one year in supported housing. However, participants with incarceration periods longer than 10 years did have worse drug use outcomes than those with no history of incarceration. These findings underscore the benefits that chronically homeless adults with incarceration histories can derive from supported housing programs and support efforts to eliminate barriers to independent housing for this population.
Hybrid Multidimensional Relational and Link Analytical Knowledge Discovery for Law Enforcement

The challenges facing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) require not only multi-dimensional, but also multi-scale data analysis. In particular, the ability to seamlessly move from summary information, such as trends, into detailed analysis of individual entities, while critical for law enforcement, typically requires manually transferring information among multiple tools. Such time-consuming and error prone processes significantly hamper the analysts' ability to quickly explore data and identify threats. As part of a DHS Science and Technology effort, we have been developing and deploying for Immigration and Customs Enforcement the CubeLink system integrating information between relational data cubes and link analytical semantic graphs. In this paper we describe CubeLink in terms of the underlying components, their integration, and the formal mapping from multidimensional data analysis into link analysis. In so doing, we provide a formal basis for one particular form of automatic schema-ontology mapping from OLAP data cubes to semantic graphs databases, and point the way towards future "intelligent" OLAP data cubes equipped with meta-data about their dimensional typing.
Dividing a Territory Among Several Vehicles

We consider an uncapacitated stochastic vehicle routing problem in which vehicle depot locations are fixed, and client locations in a service region are unknown but are assumed to be independent and identically distributed samples from a given probability density function. We present an algorithm for partitioning the service region into subregions so as to balance the workloads of all vehicles when the service region is simply connected and point-to-point distances follow some “natural” metric, such as any Lp norm. This algorithm can also be applied to load balancing of other combinatorial structures, such as minimum spanning trees and minimum matchings.
Phase Separations in Binary and Ternary Cholesterol-Phospholipid Mixtures

A pair of recent studies has reopened debate on the subject of phase separations in model bilayer mixtures of cholesterol (Chol) and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Fluorescence microscopy methods have not been able to detect phase separations in binary DPPC-Chol mixtures that have been inferred from NMR studies. However, micron-scale phase-separated liquid domains are observed by fluorescence in ternary mixtures of DPPC, Chol, and diphytanoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DiPhyPC). Here, a model of condensed complexes of Chol and DPPC is used to account for these results. In particular, it is shown that the orientation of tie-lines in ternary mixtures of DiPhyPC/DPPC/Chol is compatible with phase separation in binary DPPC/Chol mixtures.
On the solution of equations for renal counterflow models

The results of a comparative study of three discretization techniques and the solution of the resulting algebraic equations by three methods is given. For this study, a four-tube central core model with diffusion in the core was selected and equations were derived for a coherent and efficient implementation. The results of this study show that sparse matrix techniques that take the physiological connectivity of the kidney lead to significant savings in computer storage, running time and overall cost.
Predicting anti-fat attitudes: individual differences based on actual and perceived body size, weight importance, entity mindset, and ethnicity

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relative impact of actual and perceived weight, weight importance, entity mindset, and ethnicity on anti-fat attitudes as well as to examine whether certain variables play the role of mediator. Participants included a multiethnic U.S. sample of 923 female undergraduates who completed a series of measures online. Lower BMI, higher perceived weight, higher importance of weight, endorsement of an entity mindset, and identification as White as compared to Black, Hispanic, or Asian predicted higher overall anti-fat attitudes. Examination of the individual Antifat Attitudes Questionnaire subscales (i.e. dislike, fear of fat, and willpower) using Relative Weight Analysis suggested that weight importance is an important predictor of multiple aspects of anti-fat attitudes. In addition, weight importance mediated the relationship between perceived weight and fear of fat as well as the relationship between ethnicity and dislike. Implications of findings and future research directions are discussed.
The pulse of mitosis.

A new fluorescent biosensor allows mitosis to be monitored simultaneously in a large number of cells.
The low-affinity glucocorticoid receptor regulates feeding and lipid breakdown in the migratory Gambel's white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii.

SUMMARY Plasma corticosterone increases during spring migration in a variety of bird species, including the Gambel9s white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii . Corticosterone is elevated specifically in association with migratory flight, suggesting that corticosterone may promote processes such as energy mobilization and/or migratory activity. General effects of glucocorticoids support such a prediction. Because glucocorticoids exert permissive effects on food intake, corticosterone may also participate in the regulation of migratory hyperphagia. To examine the role of corticosterone during migration, we induced Gambel9s white-crowned sparrows to enter the migratory condition and compared food intake and locomotor activity between controls and birds injected with RU486 - an antagonist to the low-affinity glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In addition, we investigated effects of RU486 in birds that were subjected to a short-term fast. Results indicate that RU486 did not affect locomotor activity. However, consistent with its effects in mammals, RU486 suppressed food intake. Thus, hyperphagia and migratory restlessness, the two behaviors that characterize migration, may be regulated by different mechanisms. Lastly, RU486 antagonized fasting-induced lipid mobilization, as evidenced by decreased plasma free fatty acids. Thus, data on spring migrants suggest that endogenous corticosterone levels act through the GR to support hyperphagia and that the GR promotes availability of lipid fuel substrates in association with periods of energetic demand, e.g. during migratory flight.
Sur une théorie d'une classe de systèmes probabilistes

Resume L'objectif du present travail est de developper une theorie d'analyse et de controle d'une classe de systemes probabilistes, avec observation partielle. Notre travail conduit aux conditions necessaires et suffisantes pour l'existence de controleurs, aux bornes pour la performance des controleurs, aux resultats asymptotiques, a une equation differentielle partielle simple reliant les parametres de controle, d'observation et de performance totale (λ,ω,μ∈[0,1[) a l'optimisation sur les surfaces aleatoires parametrisees engendrees, a une relation avec l'algorithme de Viterbi, et aux connections avec des processus de Markov controles avec observation partielle.
Disparities in overall and urothelial carcinoma specific mortality associated with healthcare insurance status

Objective: We investigated the association of insurance status with urothelial carcinoma (UC) mortality outcomes to further understand the relationship of socioeconomic status (SES) and UC disease outcomes. Materials and Methods: We performed an IRB approved, retrospective review of patients newly diagnosed with bladder UC in the years 2004 and 2005. Data were collected from January 2004 to September 2014 regarding insurance, demographics, operations, surgical pathology, and follow-up care. Insurance was characterized as lower SES and high SES based on election to utilize private vs. public sources as well as purchase of supplemental Medicare coverage. Results: A total of 213 patients were examined with a mean follow-up of 84 months. The high SES and lower SES insurance groups presented with similar disease stage (26% ≥ T2 in high SES insurance vs. 33%, P = 0.1) and grade (60% high-grade in high SES vs. 59%, P = 0.9). Significant differences were seen in one-year UC specific mortality (5% high SES insurance vs. 21%, P = 0.003) and five-year UC specific mortality (19% high SES insurance vs. 42%, P = 0.007). Upon multivariate analysis controlling for age, gender, Charlson comorbidity score, grade, stage, and metastatic disease on presentation, insurance type remained a significant risk factor for increased mortality from UC (HR = 2.6, P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a persistence of lower survival with time. Conclusions: We found disparities in mortality from bladder cancer associated with source of insurance. This association persisted upon multivariate analysis as an independent risk factor for death from bladder UC.
Vesicle Diffusion Close to a Membrane: Intermembrane Interactions Measured with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

The protein machinery controlling membrane fusion (or fission) has been well studied; however, the role of vesicle diffusion near membranes in these critical processes remains unclear. We experimentally and theoretically investigated the dynamics of small vesicles (approximately 50 nm in diameter) that are diffusing near supported planar bilayers acting as "target" membranes. Using total internal reflection-fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we examined the validity of theoretical analyses of vesicle-membrane interactions. Vesicles were hindered by hydrodynamic drag as a function of their proximity to the planar bilayer. The population distributions and diffusion kinetics of the vesicles were further affected by changing the ionic strength and pH of the buffer, as well as the lipid composition of the planar membrane. Effective surface charges on neutral bilayers were also analyzed by comparing experimental and theoretical data, and we show the possibility that vesicle dynamics can be modified by surface charge redistribution of the planar bilayer. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the dynamics of small vesicles, diffusing close to biomembranes, may be spatially restricted by altering local physiological conditions (e.g., salt concentration, lipid composition, and pH), which may represent an additional mechanism for controlling fusion (or fission) dynamics.
A Chandra X-Ray Study of the Dense Globular Cluster Terzan 5

We report a Chandra ACIS-I observation of the dense globular cluster Terzan 5. The previously known transient low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) EXO 1745-248 in the cluster entered a rare high state during our 2000 August observation, complicating the analysis. Nevertheless, nine additional sources clearly associated with the cluster are also detected, ranging from LX(0.5-2.5 keV) = 5.6 × 1032 down to 8.6 × 1031 ergs s-1. Their X-ray colors, luminosities, and spectral fitting indicate that five of them are probably cataclysmic variables and four are likely quiescent LMXBs containing neutron stars. We estimate the total number of sources between LX(0.5-2.5 keV) = 1032 and 1033 ergs s-1 as 11.4 by the use of artificial point source tests and note that the numbers of X-ray sources are similar to those detected in NGC 6440. The improved X-ray position allowed us to identify a plausible infrared counterpart to EXO 1745-248 on our 1998 Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS images. This blue star (F110W = 18.48, F187W = 17.30) lies within 02 of the boresighted LMXB position. Simultaneous Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer spectra, combined with the Chandra spectrum, indicate that EXO 1745-248 is an ultracompact binary system and show a strong broad 6.55 keV iron line and an 8 keV smeared reflection edge.
Long-term Staar toric intraocular lens rotational stability.

Purpose To evaluate the long-term rotational stability of Staar toric intraocular lens (IOL) implants from two weeks after cataract surgery until two weeks after laser posterior capsulotomy. Design Retrospective interventional case series. Methods One hundred and fifteen eyes of 72 patients were implanted with Staar toric IOL models AA4203TF and AA4203TL (Staar Surgical Co, Monrovia, California, USA) between November 1998 and November 2004. Forty-two (36.5%) of the 115 eyes underwent laser capsulotomy because of clinically significant posterior capsule opacification. Slit-lamp retroillumination photographs were obtained in 25 eyes two weeks after cataract surgery and again two weeks after capsulotomy to document IOL axis alignment. Results The mean difference in axis alignment before and after posterior capsulotomy was 1.36 degrees. In no case did the axis change more than 5 degrees. This amount is within the expected range of measurement error using a slit-lamp photographic technique for axis measurement. Conclusion There are no long-term changes in Staar toric IOL axis orientation beyond the two-week postoperative time point after cataract surgery. The rotational stability extends through laser posterior capsulotomy.
Load balancing for partition-based similarity search

All pairs similarity search, used in many data mining and information retrieval applications, is a time consuming process. Although a partition-based approach accelerates this process by simplifying parallelism management and avoiding unnecessary I/O and comparison, it is still challenging to balance the computation load among parallel machines with a distributed architecture. This is mainly due to the variation in partition sizes and irregular dissimilarity relationship in large datasets. This paper presents a two-stage heuristic algorithm to improve the load balance and shorten the overall processing time. We analyze the optimality and competitiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrates its effectiveness using several datasets. We also describe a static partitioning algorithm to even out the partition sizes while detecting more dissimilar pairs. The evaluation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms a previously developed solution by up to 41% in the tested cases.
Prosaic Explanation for the Anomalous Accelerations Seen in Distant Spacecraft

A Comment on the Letter by John D. Anderson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2858 (1998). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Characterization of hyperparathyroidism in youth and adolescents: a literature review.

Abstract Objectives To systematically review the preoperative diagnostic modalities, surgical treatments, and glandular pathologies associated with primary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents under 20 years of age. Methods We searched PUBMED, Cochrane databases, OVID, Web of Science (SCIE and SSCI), CINAHL, and Health Source: Nursing academic for articles involving surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism in the pediatric population on 5/2012. Selection Criteria: Literature review, database review, and retrospective review studies date were used from 1986 until 2012. Ages ranged for 0–19 years old. Results Of the 230 cases of pediatric primary hyperparathyroidism reported since 1987, solitary adenomas (SA), multiple gland hyperplasia disease (MGHD), double adenomas (DA), and normal parathyroid gland pathology occurred in 80%, 16.5%, 0.9%, and 2.6% respectively. Of the MGHD patients (38 pts), 1/2 (19 pts) of the cases were attributed to MEN I, MEN II, or familial non MEN hyperparathyroidism. Tc99m-sestamibi and ultrasound were 86% (37/43) and 74.5% (70/94) sensitive, respectively for localizing parathyroid disease. Conclusions Limited data exists on pediatric and adolescent patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Sufficient data exists demonstrating single adenomas are most common and young patients are usually more symptomatic than adults. One may conclude that spontaneous primary hyperparathyroidism may be approached and managed similarly to adults. The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism in this population may be under appreciated and a lower threshold for ordering a screening serum calcium should be considered.
Seed-mediated growth and manipulation of Au nanorods via size-controlled synthesis of Au seeds

Seed-mediated growth of gold (Au) nanorods with highly controllable length, width, and aspect ratio was accomplished via carefully size-controlled synthesis of the original Au seeds. A slow dynamic growth of Au nanoparticle seeds was observed after reduction of the Au salt (i.e., hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) hydrate) by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). As such, the size of the Au nanoparticle seeds can therefore be manipulated through control over the duration of the reaction period (i.e., aging times of 2, 8, 48, 72, and 144 h were used in this study). These differently sized Au nanoparticles were subsequently used as seeds for the growth of Au nanorods, where the additions of Au salt, CTAB, AgNO3, and ascorbic acid were employed. Smaller Au nanoparticle seeds obtained via short growth/aging time resulted in Au nanorods with higher aspect ratio and thus longer longitudinal surface plasmon wavelength (LSPW). The larger Au nanoparticle seeds obtained via longer growth/aging time resulted in Au nanorods with lower aspect ratio and shorter LSPW.
Use of different tissue thromboplastins in the control of anticoagulant therapy.

As anticoagulant therapy has become more widespread and a greater knowledge has been accumulated regarding the mode of action of coumarin derivatives, problems arising from the use of different thromboplastin preparations have been subjected to greater scrutiny. This paper presents an evaluation of the dependability and significance of different types of tissue thromboplastin in the determination of effects of coumarin derivatives. The main difference between thromboplastin extracts seems to be that brain preparations have a factor VII-like activity. As the exact evaluation of factor VII activity appears to be of primary importance in patients treated with coumarin derivatives, a thromboplastin preparation that does not contain factor VII activity is recommended.
Are mortality projections always more pessimistic when disaggregated by cause of death

It is often observed that mortality projections are more pessimistic when disaggregated by cause of death. This article explores the generality and strength of this relationship under a variety of forecasting models. First, a simple measure of the pessimism inherent in cause‐based mortality forecasts is derived. Second, it is shown that the pessimism of cause‐based forecasts can be approximated using only data on the distribution of deaths by cause in two previous time periods. Third, using Japanese mortality data during 1951–1990, the analysis demonstrates that the pessimism of cause‐based forecasts can be attributed mainly to observed trends in mortality due to cancer and heart disease, with smaller contribution due to trends in stroke (women only), pneumonia/bronchitis, accidents, and suicide. The last point requires the important qualification, however, that observed trends in cancer and heart disease may be severely biased due to changes in diagnostic practice.
A preparation for the physiological study of the unit synapse.

Present concepts of synaptic activity are based on direct recording of electrical signs in a small number of preparations. The closest approximations to analysis of the unit synapse have been made with the artificial synapse formed by two isolated giant axons in contact (ephapse of Arvanitaki1) and the isolated neuromuscular junction2. Several true synapses among invertebrates offer promise as favourable material for recording from the single synapse, for example, the preparations of Pumphrey and Rawdon-Smith3 from the cockroach and of Prosser4 from the crayfish abdominal ganglion. The present communication directs attention to the possibilities of another preparation, from the stellate ganglion of a cephalopod, which appears to offer unique advantages.
The Effect of Coho Spawning on the Benthic Invertebrates of the Platte River, Benzie County, Michigan

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine what effects a spawning run of coho salmon would have on the benthos of the Platte River, Benzie County, Michigan. It was hypothesized that the physical disruption of the substrate, by spawning salmon, would reduce the density of benthos by dislodging the organisms and causing their downstream displacement. Estimates of density of benthic invertebrates were made in two control sections (salmon excluded) and in one experimental section (salmon having free access) in May and August 1967 prior to coho spawning run, and in December 1967 and May 1968 after the run. Coho spawning activity in the fall of 1967 disturbed the bottom materials. The densities of 12 taxa, as well as the total number and total weight of organisms per square foot, decreased significantly in samples collected in December after disruption. The decrease in total number of organisms per square foot in the experimental section as compared to the controls was 270.5; the decrease in weight in the...
Exploring the design and use of peripheral displays of awareness information

Peripheral displays allow users to monitor an information source while focusing on a separate primary task. In this paper, we present our work investigating what form peripheral displays of awareness information from instant messaging programs may take and the role these displays could have in existing communication practices. We describe several prototypes of tangible, aesthetic displays of awareness information. A focus group involving users of instant messaging software revealed that the awareness information component of the software (such as sounds or flashing windows) is often used to trigger communication through more heavyweight means such as telephone or face-to-face conversation.
Components and Characteristics of Youth Development Programs: The Voices of Youth-Serving Policymakers, Practitioners, Researchers, and Adolescents

Due to its increasing popularity, youth development (YD) has become a buzzword that is attached to a variety of programs. Several attempts have been made to articulate a unified definition of YD that would enable the field to progress toward measuring the effectiveness of YD programs. In order to determine what constitutes a YD program, we must establish the criteria for inclusion. This is an exploratory study of a collaborative approach to understanding the components and characteristics of YD programs. The objective of this study is to compare and contrast responses across four participant groups (policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and youth) using a community-based participatory approach, in order to reach consensus and explore the perceived hierarchy of key characteristics for YD programs from multiple stakeholder perspectives.
Renal sinus malignant lymphoma: A case report

We report a case of renal sinus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without contiguous adenopathy. Magnetic resonance and computed tomography images of this rare tumor were correlated with a pathologic specimen. On computed tomography the renal sinus lymphoma was evaluated as a well circumscribed, low-density mass owing to the mixture of the lymphomatous cells and fat tissues. Magnetic resonance showed the replacement of the renal sinus fat tissues with a spoke-like solid mass. The renal artery and vein were also evaluated thoroughly and were without tumor thrombosis.
Faculty Leaders' Responses to Post-Tenure Evaluation Practices.

Faculty leaders (union head or faculty association head) from the 305 member colleges in the 19‐state North Central Region were surveyed to determine the status and effectiveness of post‐tenure evaluation within each institution. Responses indicate that there is overwhelming support for the need to review tenured faculty for purposes of development and improvement. However, the effectiveness of current systems in accomplishing this goal is suspect. The major reasons cited for ineffectiveness include the inability of the evaluation to tie directly to faculty development and the lack of credible mechanisms to reward meritorious teaching and deal effectively with substandard teaching. Suggestions for improvement include development of an evaluation plan which, over time, can join formative and summative results.
Passive Interconnect Macromodeling Via Balanced Truncation of Linear Systems in Descriptor Form

In this paper, we present a novel passive model order reduction (MOR) method via projection-based truncated balanced realization method, PriTBR, for large RLC interconnect circuits. Different from existing passive truncated balanced realization (TBR) methods where numerically expensive Lur'e or algebraic Riccati (ARE's) equations are solved, the new method performs balanced truncation on linear system in descriptor form by solving generalized Lyapunov equations. Passivity preservation is achieved by congruence transformation instead of simple truncations. For the first time, passive model order reduction is achieved by combining Lyapunov equation based TBR method with congruence transformation. Compared with existing passive TBR, the new technique has the same accuracy and is numerically reliable, less expensive. In addition to passivity-preserving, it can be easily extended to preserve structure information inherent to RLC circuits, like block structure, reciprocity and sparsity. PriTBR can be applied as a second MOR stage combined with Krylov-subspace methods to generate a nearly optimal reduced model from a large scale interconnect circuit while passivity, structure, and reciprocity are preserved at the same time. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show PriTBR and its structure-preserving version, SP-PriTBR, are superior to existing passive TBR and Krylov-subspace based moment-matching methods.
An accurate ab initio calculation of the Ne2 potential

Abstract The Moller—Plesset perturbation calculations are carried out for the neon-dimer interaction potential, using an extended basis set augmented by the mid-bond basis functions. Theoretical analysis is given to justify the need and the proper use of bond functions. The calculated potential minimum, 3.12 A, and the energy, − 130.07 μhartree, are in close agreement with the results of several empirical potentials.
“Seq-ing” Insights into the Epigenetics of Neuronal Gene Regulation

The epigenetic control of neuronal gene expression patterns has emerged as an underlying regulatory mechanism for neuronal function, identity, and plasticity, in which short- to long-lasting adaptation is required to dynamically respond and process external stimuli. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the physiology and pathology of the brain, it becomes essential to understand the mechanisms that regulate the epigenome and transcriptome in neurons. Here, we review recent advances in the study of regulated neuronal gene expression, which are dramatically expanding as a result of the development of new and powerful contemporary methodologies, based on next-generation sequencing. This flood of new information has already transformed our understanding of many biological processes and is now driving discoveries elucidating the molecular mechanisms of brain function in cognition, behavior, and disease and may also inform the study of neuronal identity, diversity, and neuronal reprogramming.
Self-Interest Without Selfishness The Hedonic Benefit of Imposed Self-Interest

Despite commonsense appeal, the link between self-interest and happiness remains elusive. One reason why individuals may not feel satisfied with self-interest is that they feel uneasy about sacrificing the needs of others for their own gain. We propose that externally imposing self-interest allows individuals to enjoy self-benefiting outcomes that are untainted by self-reproach for failing to help others. Study 1 demonstrated that an imposed self-interested option (a reward) leads to greater happiness than does choosing between a self-interested option and a prosocial option (a charity donation). Study 2 demonstrated that this effect is not driven by choice in general; rather, it is the specific trade-off between benefiting the self and benefiting others that inhibits happiness gained from self-interest. We theorize that the agency inherent in choice reduces the hedonic value of self-interest. Results of Study 3 find support for this mechanism.
Chemical kinetics parameters of nuclear graphite gasification

This paper provides chemical kinetics parameters for the gasification of nuclear graphite grades of IG-110, IG-430, NBG-18 and NBG-25 and presents empirical correlations for their surface areas of free active sites as a function of mass. The kinetics parameters for the four elementary chemical reactions of gasification of these grades of nuclear graphite include the values and Gaussian distributions of the specific activation energies and the values of the pre-exponential rate coefficients for the adsorption of oxygen and desorption of CO and CO2 gases. The values of these parameters and the surface area of free active sites for IG-110 and NB-25, with fine and medium petroleum coke filler particles, are nearly the same, but slightly different from those of NBG-18 and IG-430, with medium and fine coal tar pitch coke filler particles. Recommended parameters are applicable to future safety analysis of high and very high temperature gas cooled reactors in the unlikely event of a massive air ingress accident.
Influence of visual rearrangement and visual motion on sound localization.

Abstract Abnormal changes in sound localization occur during rearrangement of the visual environment and during exposure to optokinetic stimulation. In both of these situations the errors of auditory localization result from non-veridical changes in the registration of body posture.
Pattern recognition at the Fermilab collider and Superconducting Supercollider.

Abstract In a colliding beam accelerator such as Fermilab or the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) protons, or antiprotons, collide at a rate between 10(5) (Fermilab) and 10(8) (SSC) collisions per second. In real time experimentalists have to select those events which are candidates for exploring the limit of known phenomena at a much lower rate, 1-100 per second, for recording on permanent media. The rate of events from new physics sources is expected to be much lower, as low as a few per year. This is a severe problem in pattern recognition: with an input data stream of up to 10(15) potential bits per second in its images, we have to pick out those images that are potentially interesting in real time at a discrimination level of 1 part in 10(6), with a known efficiency. I will describe the overall filtering strategies and the custom hardware to do this event selection (a.k.a. pattern recognition).
P Values: What They are and What They are Not

Abstract P values (or significance probabilities) have been used in place of hypothesis tests as a means of giving more information about the relationship between the data and the hypothesis than does a simple reject/do not reject decision. Virtually all elementary statistics texts cover the calculation of P values for one-sided and point-null hypotheses concerning the mean of a sample from a normal distribution. There is, however, a third case that is intermediate to the one-sided and point-null cases, namely the interval hypothesis, that receives no coverage in elementary texts. We show that P values are continuous functions of the hypothesis for fixed data. This allows a unified treatment of all three types of hypothesis testing problems. It also leads to the discovery that a common informal use of P values as measures of support or evidence for hypotheses has serious logical flaws.
Bronchial asthma in adults: presentation to the emergency department. Part I: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and differential diagnosis.

Epinephrine. In the doses used in asthma, it is possible to categorize the effects of epinephrine into three major clinical actions: ar-adrenergic vasoconstriction, P1-inotropic, chronotropic and increasing the speed of atrioventricular conduction, and&-bronchial smooth muscle relaxation (Table 2, Am 1 Emerg Med 1983; 1 :53).37b8!294 The effects of epinephrine vary with the dose.295 Subcutaneous or intravenous injection of low doses of epinephrine causes tachycardia, increases systolic pressure, and usually decreases diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance. High doses, however, will induce a marked vasoconstriction and will elevate blood pressure and peripheral resistance.294*296-298 In adults with asthma, epinephrine traditionally is injected at a dose of 0.3 ml to 0.5 ml of a 1:lOOO solution subcutaneously every 20 to 30 minutes for three doses. In children, the dose isO. mYkg.60~257~259~299
Effects of Millimeter Waves Radiation on Cell Membrane - A Brief Review

The millimeter waves (MMW) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from 30 to 300 GHz in terms of frequency (corresponding to wavelengths from 10 mm to 1 mm), is officially used in non-invasive complementary medicine in many Eastern European countries against a variety of diseases such gastro duodenal ulcers, cardiovascular disorders, traumatism and tumor. On the other hand, besides technological applications in traffic and military systems, in the near future MMW will also find applications in high resolution and high-speed wireless communication technology. This has led to restoring interest in research on MMW induced biological effects. In this review emphasis has been given to the MMW-induced effects on cell membranes that are considered the major target for the interaction between MMW and biological systems.
A Discounting Model for Decisions With Delayed Positive or Negative Outcomes

Many decisions involve future consequences. Although research in incentive theory, delay of gratification, and impulse control has demonstrated preferences for more immediate consequences, very little research has been done on the discounting process underlying the evaluation of delayed consequences. The present studies were designed to assess the subjective values of investments and credit plans that were defined as temporally remote outcomes. Three studies used investment stimuli that varied in the amount of interest to be gained in the future. The fourth study used credit plans and investments that varied in the amount of money to be lost in the future. Converging support was obtained for a ratio discounting function for time. The results are discussed in relation to (a) the evidence for a ratio discounting function for time, (b) the presence of task-dependent response patterning, and (c) the comparison of subjective values for money and time derived with risky and riskless stimuli.
An assessment of PWR steam generator condensation at the Oregon State University APEX facility

Abstract This report describes the testing to assess steam generator U-tube steam condensation conducted at the Oregon State University Advanced Plant Experiment Test Facility from 2005 to 2007. Six separate SG condensation (without non-condensable gas) tests were conducted as part of this test program. These tests were designed to evaluate steam condensation rates in a scaled Pressurized Water Reactor steam generator at various primary and secondary side pressures and inlet steam mass flow rates. The experimental data will provide a basis to assess TRACE steam generator modeling techniques and to assist in development of improved models for condensation and steam generator thermal-hydraulics.
Systems of Polynomials for Detecting Orientable Matroids

Abstract We study systems of polynomial equations that correspond to a matroid M. Each of these systems has a zero solution if and only if M is orientable. Since determining if a matroid is orientable is NP-complete with respect to the size of the input data, determining if these systems have solutions is also NP-complete. However, we show that one of the associated polynomial systems corresponding to M is linear if M is a binary matroid and thus it may be determined if binary matroids are orientable in polynomial time given the circuits and cocircuits of said matroid as the input. In the case when M is not binary, we consider the associated system of non-linear polynomials. In this case Hilbertʼs Nullstellensatz gives us that M is non-orientable if and only if a certain certificate to the given polynomials system exists. We wish to place bounds on the degree of these certificates in future research.
Characterization techniques for composites and other advanced materials

Abstract One of the key requirements in developing composites and other advanced materials is generation of a good understanding of the relationships between composition and structure on the one hand, and properties and behavior on the other. Another key requirement is application of this understanding to develop a material with the desired properties. A third key requirement is to understand the new material's failure mechanisms. All of these are wrapped in the term “characterization”, which is the subject of this paper. Application of numerous materials’ characterization techniques to the study of ceramic composites is described.
Successful Transitions From Two‐Year to Four‐Year Institutions

This chapter provides an analysis of a set of conditions that transfer students will most likely face in their transition to a new institution. The specific focus is on transfer from two-year to four-year institutions.
Exploring the efficacy of behavioral skills training to teach basic behavior analytic techniques to oral care providers

Abstract Performing oral care procedures with children with autism who exhibit noncompliance can be challenging for oral care professionals. Previous research has elucidated a number of effective behavior analytic procedures for increasing compliance, but some procedures are likely to be too time consuming and expensive for community-based oral care providers to adopt. The purpose of this study was to use Behavioral Skills Training to teach dental hygiene students and staff to implement basic function-based behavior analytic strategies to reduce noncompliance and increase their success in performing oral care exams and cleanings in vivo . All participants rapidly acquired the techniques and used them effectively during exams and cleanings following BST, and skills generalized to their completion of an X-ray procedure with several children with autism. The number of steps attempted in all procedures increased relative to baseline for all participants.
104-fold isotope effect: vibrational predissociation in ArDF

Abstract High-resolution sub-Doppler line shapes for ArDF excited into the νDF = 1 manifold are recorded using a tunable laser/slit supersonic expansion near-infrared spectrometer. Direct spectroscopic evidence is obtained for vibrational predissociation (2.6(14) MHz ⩽ Δνprediss. ⩽ 4.3 (8) MHz), in dramatic contrast with the highly metastable ArHF (νHF = 1) species observed in bolometry studies. To the best of our knowledge, this represents an unprecedentedly large (> 104-fold), inverse isotope effect. Furthermore, a clear dependence of the ArDF predissociation rates on intermolecular mode, excited in combination with the DF stretch, is observed (61(30) ⩾ τνDF ⩾ 37(7) ns, τνDF+IIbend ⩾ 94(60) ns).
The Effect of Marriage on Male and Female Homicides in the United States

Abstract Employing data from the 1979–85 National Longitudinal Mortality Study, this research examines the buffering effects of marriage, family size, and living arrangements on homicide victimization in the United States. Multivariate hazards models were fitted to a 1979–81 population cohort of adults aged 15–44 years, whose mortality (survival) experiences were followed until 1985. The results of the proportional and non-proportional hazards analyses indicate that marriage offers significant immunity against homicide victimization, especially for males. After controlling for such sociodemographic characteristics as age, race and Hispanic origin, education, occupation, family income, and place and region of residence, married males were found to have a 38% lower risk of homicide victimization than their non-married counterparts. Married females, on the other hand, were 46% more likely to become homicide victims than their non-married counterparts. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of marriage on the ris...
The use of man-machine simulation for support planning

Support planning under present conditions of rapid exploitation of technological advances to maintain the most advanced weapon inventory creates many new stresses for planning the support of these new weapons. In addition, support planning has always been incomplete in that there has not been a systematic way of adjusting plans to reflect operational experience. The second major experiment of the RAND Logistics Systems Laboratory has produced techniques of support planning for new weapons which may represent major advances in such activities. This paper describes the conditions under which support planning must be performed in the present and future military environment and the experience of LP-II in performing such planning for an ICBM weapon of the 1963–65 time period, as an example.
High energy neutrinos from charm in astrophysical sources

Charm production gives rise to a flux of very high energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources with jets driven by central engines, such as gamma ray bursts or supernovae with jets. The neutrino flux from semileptonic decays of charmed mesons is subject to much less hadronic and radiative cooling than the conventional flux from pion and kaon decays and therefore has a dominant contribution at higher energies, which is of relevance to future ultrahigh energy neutrino experiments.
Agonist trigger: what is the best approach? Agonist trigger with aggressive luteal support

Although gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger is effective in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, lower conception rates have been reported. Intensive luteal phase support is an effective approach to improve implantation rates in women with peak E 2 levels ≥4,000 pg/mL. However, patients with peak E 2 levels
Specificity of Drug-Induced Immune Cytopenias

What conclusions can be drawn concerning specificity of drug-induced immune reactions? We have seen that specificity of these reactions depends on several molecular features including the chemical nature of the drug, specific domains of particular membrane components, and as yet unidentified characteristics that determine selectivity for one or more cell types. This latter property does not seem to be related to shared membrane components because, for example, Rh antigens on RBCs, the peptide tail region of GPIb alpha on platelets, and the 85-kd GP on neutrophils are clearly not part of the same molecules. From multiple studies of quinine/quinidine-dependent and nomifensine-dependent antibody interactions with platelets and RBCs, respectively, we can conclude that these particular reactions are a function of specific features of the drug molecules and specific domains of various membrane glycoproteins. These characteristics strongly argue that the hypervariable regions of drug-dependent, platelet and RBC antibodies recognize simultaneously a specific domain of the membrane GP and a specific configuration of the drug molecule. If this is true, then it follows that together a specific domain of the cell membrane component plus the drug define an antigenic determinant or epitope for attachment of certain drug-dependent antibodies. We have also seen that some drug-dependent antibodies preferentially react with the drug alone when it is attached to cell membranes (eg, penicillin-dependent antibodies reacting with penicillin-coated RBCs or platelets). Some drugs elicit antibodies that react at specific sites on the cell membrane independently of drug (eg, nomifensine and the Rh antigens (E) or quinidine and platelet GPV). These three concepts of antibody specificity induced by drugs are presented in Fig 6, using RBCs as an example. Despite major advances in understanding drug-induced immune reactions during the past four decades, several important questions remain to be answered. For example, why are platelets involved more frequently than other cells of the circulation in these types of reactions? Why do some individuals develop drug-induced immune cytopenias that are specific for a single cell type, whereas others develop reactions involving multiple cell types with distinct antibodies? What mechanism directs the reaction toward platelets, RBCs, or neutrophils? How are drug-dependent antigens presented to the immune system? This latter question is particularly intriguing considering that most drugs known to induce immune cytopenias bind only weakly to target tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy Is Safe in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

Background & Aims: Liver biopsy is useful for staging fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to determine renal transplant eligibility and to make CHC treatment decisions. There is concern about an increased risk associated with percutaneous liver biopsy (PCNB) in ESRD patients. We compared the safety of PCNB in CHC patients with and without ESRD. Methods: We reviewed PCNBs performed between 1996 and 2004 for technique, histology, and complications in 78 ESRD patients with CHC and in 241 control patients with CHC and no renal failure, randomly matched for age, sex, and race. Platelet counts, prothrombin, and partial thromboplastin times, but not bleeding times, were checked before biopsy. Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin was not given before the biopsy. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50 years; 72% were male, 97% were African American, and 3% were Caucasian. The control group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with advanced fibrosis ( P Conclusions: Severe complications after PCNB are uncommon, and patients with ESRD and CHC are at no increased risk. Testing for bleeding time and the routine use of deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin are not necessary before PCNB in patients with ESRD.