cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power scaling for cognitive radio

In this paper we explore the idea of using cognitive radios to reuse locally unused spectrum for their own transmissions. We impose the constraint that they cannot general e unacceptable levels of interference to licensed systems on the same frequency. Using received SNR as a proxy for distance, we prove that a cognitive radio can vary its transmit power while maintaining a guarantee of service to primary users. We consider the aggregate interference caused by multiple cognitive radios and show that aggregation causes a change in the effective decay rate of the interference. We examine the effects of heterogeneous propagation path loss functions and justify the feasibility of multiple secondary users with dynamic transmit powers. Finally, we prove the fundamental constraint on a cognitive radio's transmit power is the minimum SNR it can detect and explore the effect of this power cap.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Women: Can Therapy Help?

This article presents current research on chronic fatigue syndrome, which currently afflicts mostly females between the ages of 25 and 55. Because depression is a common symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome, mental health practitioners are often involved with the victims and must formulate an appropriate treatment strategy that considers the physiological, intrapsychic, interpersonal, and environmental aspects of the client. This article includes case material focusing on a woman who was medically diagnosed with the Epstein-Barr virus and was in psychotherapy with the author. The difficulty of managing the interplay of the real health problems and the emotional issues presented by the client is highlighted.
Dr. George Hayward (1791–1863): a forgotten pioneer of reconstructive pelvic surgery

American surgeon George Hayward (1798–1863) has become lost to the historical memory of practicing urologists and urogynecologists, yet he deserves to be remembered for his important contributions to the advancement of pelvic surgery. In addition to being an observant commentator on the surgical practice of his day, he performed the first major operation carried out under ether anesthesia and he was the originator of the “flap-splitting” operation for the repair of vesico-vaginal fistula commonly, but erroneously, attributed to Lawson Tait. This article reviews George Hayward’s career and professional accomplishments with the hope of restoring his well-deserved prominence as a pioneer of reconstructive pelvic surgery.
Direct and Indirect Influences of Parents' Marital Instability on Children's Attitudes Toward Cohabitation in Young Adulthood

Abstract Data from the Intergenerational Panel Study of Parents and Children are used to investigate direct and indirect influences of parents' marital dissolution on adult children's attitudes toward cohabitation. Results suggest that parents' marital dissolution during childhood increases children's support for cohabitation at age 18, and the influence is greatest when the parents' divorce is followed by remarriage. The analyses show that the influence of parents' marital dissolution is partially transmitted by parents' attitudes about cohabitation, parents' and children's religious involvement, and children's sexual behavior during adolescence. The influence of parents' marital dissolution on children's attitudes toward cohabitation weakens as the children age from 18 to 31.
Revolution, State Building, and Foreign Policy

Book reviewed in this article: Daniela Spenser, The Impossible Triangle: Mexico, Soviet Russia, and the United States in 1920s
Children's Judgments of Negative Questions.

In a series of production and grammaticality judgment experiments, I investigated the status of children's non-adult questions with 2 auxiliary verbs, such as What did the smurf didn't buy. Previous studies showed that these questions were produced primarily in negative contexts. In the first part of the study, I tested whether children produce them in positive contexts with contrastive stress. The results confirm that these questions are limited to negative contexts. In the second part, I tested how children judge these questions. If children produce these questions because they have a non-adult grammar, then they should accept these questions. However, the results from 15 children (age 3;11-4;11) show that they produced these questions but judged them unacceptable. I argue that the production of these questions is not the result of a non-adult grammar but rather the result of a performance phenomenon based on incorrect lexical information regarding constituent negation.
Experimental study of thermoacoustic effects on a single plate. Part II: Heat transfer.

Heat fluxes close to the edge of a heated solid plate aligned parallel to the axis of an acoustic standing wave were measured for drive ratios DR≡P A/p m of 1, 2 and 3. It was found that at the highest drive ratio (3), the resulting heat flux vector at the edge of the plate is directed into the plate, opposite to the direction of the heat flux imposed by the resistive heaters within the plate. This observation confirms the thermoacoustic effect previously detected in the visualized temperature fields and discussed in part I of this paper. Through the energy balance the magnitudes of the heat fluxes into the plate, caused by the thermoacoustic effect, were determined. The measured data are in good agreement with numerical and analytical predictions.
Rho proteins are negative regulators of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 signaling in astrocytes

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by innate immune cells recognizes a spectrum of microbial components as well as molecules released from injured tissues. TLR ligation activates intracellular signaling cascades that culminate in the up-regulation of proinflammatory genes. We have recently demonstrated that the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines mediated by TLR4 in astrocytes is negatively controlled by the monomeric GTPases of Rho subfamily. The present study was undertaken to examine further the involvement of Rho proteins in the inflammatory response of astrocytes elicited by the ligation of three TLRs that use divergent signaling pathways. Astrocyte cultures established from newborn rat brains were challenged with ligands of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4. The expression of genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interferon-beta (IFNbeta), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) was up-regulated 24 hr after the challenge as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Pretreatment of the cells with toxin B, which specifically inactivates Rho proteins, enhanced the up-regulation of gene expression. The extent of this enhancement was both receptor and gene dependent. The enhancing effect of Rho protein inactivation was also evident at the protein level of IL-6 and NOS2 as revealed by ELISA and immunoblot analyses, respectively. These results suggest that Rho proteins control TLR-mediated up-regulation of inflammatory genes in astrocytes by interfering with multiple events along the signaling pathways.
Patterns of optic disk damage in patients with early focal visual field loss

Abstract PURPOSE: To study the patterns of structural damage of the optic disk in patients with early focal visual field loss using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. METHODS: Thirty-nine subjects with repeatable early focal visual field loss were included. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to obtain topographic optic disk measurements. For analysis of structural damage, the topographic measurements were divided into 36 10-degree sectors. Sector analysis was performed using sector rim area to sector disk area ratio. Patients were assigned to one of three groups based on the measurement of the optic disk damage: (1) diffuse disk damage; (2) focal disk damage; or (3) no detectable disk damage. RESULTS: Approximately half of the patients with early focal glaucomatous visual field loss showed diffuse optic disk damage, one quarter to one third had focal damage, and one sixth had no detectable damage. Optic disk area was smallest in the no-detectable-damage group (1.71 + 0.19 mm 2 ), followed by the focal-damage group (2.06 + 0.54 mm 2 ), and was largest in the diffuse damage group (2.29 + 0.48 mm 2 ; P = .22). CONCLUSION: In patients with early focal glaucomatous visual field loss, observable optic disk damage can be diffuse, focal, or undetectable. The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph may be capable of detecting different patterns of diffuse or focal structural damage.
Investing in the Future Economic Political Action Committee Contributions to Open-Seat House Candidates

The preponderance of literature on political action committees (PACs) focuses on the incumbent-oriented contribution strategies of PACs. Contributions to open-seat candidates remain unexplored. This study examines contributions by four major economic PAC cohorts to open-seat House campaigns from 1982 to 1988. Political action committees pursued precise contribution strategies when giving to open-seat candidates and responded to a variety of candidate attributes and national electoral influences. Corporate and trade PACs displayed evolving, bipartisan strategies, whereas labor PACs exclusively supported Democrats. These results suggest that interest groups pursue sophisticated contribution strategies in open-seat elections that resemble the influence and access strategies pursued when giving to incumbents. Interest group-legislator relationships exist before new members assume office, and these preexisting relationships merit consideration in efforts at congressional electoral reform. In particular, the cl...
Creating a Marketplace for Multidisciplinary Multi-university Systems Engineering Capstone Projects

Abstract Our previous research has shown that multidisciplinary capstone programs can enhance development of systems engineering competencies. However, undergraduate engineering capstone projects typically focus on only one engineering discipline. One way to foster more collaboration between engineering departments and students is to partner with colleagues at other universities. Although this provides more challenges for students it also exposes them to a wider variety of peers. Good capstone experiences involve sponsors with real needs. Finding and engaging such sponsors takes time and effort by faculty that might be better spent on other tasks. It would be easier if a global marketplace existed for multidisciplinary engineering capstone problems and projects. A marketplace would allow sponsors to propose challenging projects that require systems thinking across multiple disciplines. It would allow students to self-organize and select projects based on their backgrounds and interests. It would also allow faculty to focus on guiding student learning rather than defining challenging capstone projects and obtaining necessary resources. This paper describes an ongoing pilot project to develop a marketplace for multidisciplinary systems engineering capstone projects. Students from six different universities have applied to projects that were posted to the marketplace website by sponsors from government and industry. Each team includes students from different disciplines and different schools. The goals of the pilot project are to determine the requirements for a global electronic marketplace and to develop guidelines for faculty, students and sponsors who would use it.
A kinematic comparison of ergometer and on-water rowing

The purpose of this investigation was to compare on-water rowing with ergometer rowing by identifying the important kinematic variables, using vector loop analysis. Two hypotheses were investigated that provided evidence that rowing ergometers are valid simulators of actual rowing and that the trunk segment is the major contributor to the total linear oar velocity. Thirty subjects were filmed rowing on-water and on an ergometer. The film was digitized for X and Y coordinates of the body joint locations for a cycle of rowing from catch to finish. A model of rowing was designed such that the rowing movement could be defined as comprising two closed vector loops. The digitized data were fitted to the vector loop model to derive kinematic variables from the drive phase of rowing. Five kinematic variables that described the contributions of five body segments to the total linear oar velocity were analyzed statistically to find differences in the patterns of on-water and ergometer rowing. The results indicated that the kinematics of the upper arm and forearm segments were significantly different in the two types of rowing. These differences were of minor importance because of the small contributions made by the arms at the catch. The differences at the finish were a result of the lifting of the oar from the water not exhibited in ergometer rowing. The vector loop analysis provided the major finding that the trunk segment contributed significantly more to the drive phase portion of the rowing cycle for both on-water and ergometer rowing although the legs initiated the drive phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A combinatorial approach to the character theory of split metabellan groups

Abstract An algorithm is developed for the computation of the character table of any split metabelian group. Our approach involves the theory of association schemes and provides yet another example of the applicability of this theory to problems in abstract algebra.
Assisted reproduction for the validation of gestational age assessment methods.

Abstract Despite major achievements in medicine, preterm birth (PTB) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Research efforts have been devoted towards a better understanding of the multifactorial aetiology of PTB and its subtypes, with the purpose of prevention and control. The availability of valid and reliable gestational age data is a prerequisite for PTB classification. Pregnancies conceived through assisted reproduction treatments provide an opportunity for the exact determination of gestational age using date of delivery and dates of fertilization or implantation. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the current evidence for or against the various methods that can be applied to measure gestational age, namely the first day of the last menstrual period, ultrasound before 20weeks of gestation and post-natal assessments, and to propose the use of assisted reproduction treatments populations for further validation of these methods. Despite major achievements in medicine, preterm birth (PTB) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Research efforts have been devoted towards a better understanding of the multifactorial aetiology of PTB and its subtypes, with the purpose of prevention and control. The availability of valid and reliable gestational age data is a prerequisite for PTB classification. Pregnancies conceived through assisted reproduction treatments provide an opportunity for the exact determination of gestational age using date of delivery and dates of fertilization or implantation. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the current evidence for or against the various methods that can be applied to measure gestational age, namely the first day of the last menstrual period, ultrasound before 20weeks of gestation and postnatal assessments, and to propose the use of assisted reproduction populations for further validation of these methods.
Nonpancreatic-type hyperamylasemia associated with pancreatic cancer.

Isoamylase anaysis of the serum and urine of a patient with anaplastic spindle cell carcinoma of the pancreas revealed that virtually all of the serum amylase and almost all of the urine amylase behaved chromatographically as the salivary (S) type. Both the serum and urine amylases were bound by a substance derived from a macroamylase complex which had been shown to bind only salivary amylase and to lack any affinity for pancreatitis (P) type amylase. The ratio of amylase to creatinine clearance was markedly increased (12.5%) without evidence of acute pancreatitis at autopsy and despite the presence of only a minute amount of P-type isoamylase in the serum.
Ultrafast coherent spectroscopy of one-dimensional magnetoexcitons in semiconductors

Abstract We investigate the ultrashort coherent dynamics of one-dimensional Fano andvLorentzian magnetoexcitons in GaAs using temporally and spectrally resolved four-wave mixing (FWM). The dephasing time of a Fano resonance is intrinsically limited by the coupling between discrete states and continua which is responsible for Fano interference. In contrast, the coherent emission from Lorentzian magnetoexcitons dephases solely due to quasi-particle scattering, dominated by exciton-exciton scattering at low temperatures. We find a very fast decay of the time-integrated FWM signal from Fano magnetoexciton resonances. This decay is not due to dephasing. The quenching of the FWM signal for non-overlapping excitation pulses is the result of quantum interference. This destructive quantum interference is not observed for purely Lorentzian dynamics. For the simultaneous excitation of Lorentzian and Fano magnetoexciton resonances, destructive quantum interference also quenches the coherent emission from Lorentzian magnetoexcitons due to quantum mechanical coupling between the different resonances.
Excitation Function of Helium 3 1 P for Electron Collisions

The function for the excitation of the helium 31P level by electron impact has been determined optically. Light intensity of the 31P→21S transition (5016 A) was detected by a sensitive photomultiplier; its output was measured by a microammeter.The intensity of the 5016 A line was proportional to electron beam current for all currents used and proportional to helium pressure for less than 3×10−4 mm. Above 3×10−4 mm pressure imprisonment of resonance radiation enhanced the light intensity.The excitation function has a peak value of 2.4×10−18 cm2; this occurs at an electron energy of 100 ev. Absolute determination of the cross section was possible through the calibration of the light detection system by a tungsten ribbon standard lamp. The experimental curve is corrected by removing cascade components from it.
Coupled Volumes: Secondary Room Reverberance and the Double-Sloped Decay of Concert Halls

The coupled volume concert hall and its signature double sloped sound decay aim to partially reconcile the often-competing qualities of clarity and reverberance. A concert hall is conceived with a fixed geometric volume, form, and aperture size. A coupled volume is attached and its materiality is established as variable. Both statistical and geometric relative analyses suggest a highly sensitive relationship between the coupled volume reverberation time and the double-sloped condition.
Evaluating the impact of a home screening test for streptococcal pharyngitis.

Home screening tests must be evaluated as an aid to self-referral to a physician and should not be judged as if they were diagnostic procedures, i.e. the sole determinants of a therapeutic decision. The performance characteristics of a test are properly compared to those of the patient or parent, operating in the absence of the test. For streptococcal pharyngitis there would be a net increase in the number of cases correctly treated whenever the sensitivity of the home test (multiplied by the probability that the patient will act upon the test results) exceeds the a priori probability that the patient will be seen by a physician in the absence of the test. Use of home screening tests is likely to increase the number of patient-physician contacts among persons with sore throats and will do so proportionately more frequently among those with streptococcal pharyngitis.
The effect of Y and Ti on FeCrAl oxidation at 1400 °C

Inco alloy MA956 (Fe-20wt%Cr-4.5%Al-0.35%Ti + 3vol% Y2O3-Al2O3) was oxidized in 1 atm of dry, flowing O2 at 1400 °C . Good scale-metal adhesion was observed. Some spalling occurred upon cooling, but it remained within the oxide, not through to the bare metal. Cyclic experiments showed good scale adherence. Y was found to segregate to the oxide grain boundaries and by implication to have modified oxidation behavior through a reactive element effect. However, while at lower temperatures Ti was also found to segregate, at 1400 °C very little segregation was detected. Instead, ≈ 0.5µm TiNx particles were observed in the scale. These particles appear to have cracked the surrounding oxide during cooldown. It is postulated that the spallation observed was due to these particles. MA956 was compared to Kanthal alloy APM (Fe-20%Cr-5.5%Al-0.03%Ti + ≈2vol%ZrO2-Al2O3) and a conventionally-cast Fe-20%Cr-10%Al alloy, in order to study the effect of Y and Ti.
Photoreactivation in Bacteria and in Skin

In many procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, photoreactivating enzyme mediates light-dependent repair of UV- induced damage: the enzyme binds to a pyrimidine dimer in DNA, and, on absorption of a photon (300–600 nm), specifically monomerizes the dimer, thus repairing the DNA. Photoreactivating enzyme has been found in human tissues and human cells in culture; human cells in culture can photoreactivate cellular dimers, and can mediate photoreactivation of Herpes (human fibroblasts) and Epstein-Barr virus (human leukocytes). Measurements of pyrimidine dimer formation and repair in human skin indicate that detectable numbers of dimers are formed at 1 minimal erythemal dose, that the dimers are rapidly removed in skin kept in the absence of light, and they are more rapidly removed when the skin is exposed to visible light.
Pregnancy: A "Teachable Moment" for Weight Control and Obesity Prevention

Excessive gestational weight gain has been shown to relate to high-postpartum weight retention and the development of overweight and obesity later in life. Because many women are concerned about the health of their babies during pregnancy and are in frequent contact with their healthcare providers, pregnancy may be an especially powerful "teachable moment" for the promotion of healthy eating and physical activity behaviors among women. Initial research suggests that helping women gain the recommended amount during pregnancy through healthy eating and physical activity could make a major contribution to the prevention of postpartum weight retention. However, more randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to identify the most effective and disseminable intervention. Providers have the potential to prevent high postpartum weight retention and future obesity by monitoring weight gain during pregnancy and giving appropriate advice about recommended amounts of gestational weight gain.
Stability of Frozen Milk

Summary Lactose crystallization apparently has a nonlinear relation with the volume of the casein precipitate. A study showed that the caseinate system suddenly destabilized when 85 to 90% of the lactose was in the alpha form. The time required to reach this critical stage was longer when samples contained sucrose, but not so when they contained sorbitol. The inhibiting effect of sucrose addition was attributed to retardation of the rate of lactose crystallization. Seeding greatly accelerated lactose crystallization in all samples, resulting in earlier destabilization. For study of any changes taking place in the serum and casein-bound phosphorus, the milk from a cow injected with P 32 was separated, condensed, and stored at 12°F. A slight progressive increase in the total P as well as P 32 contents of the serum indicates that bound phosphorus was slowly dissociated from the casein micelles into the serum, but it would be difficult to prove whether this is a cause or an effect of the destabilization reaction.
Field Comparison of Inhalable and Total Dust Samplers for Assessing Airborne Dust in Swine Confinement Barns

Inhalable and total dust sampling devices were compared for evaluating airborne dust in swine confinement buildings. Measurements from three swine facilities (n = 77 paired means) were obtained by area sampling using the IOM (Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, U.K.) inhalable dust sampler and a 37-mm closed-face total (TCF) dust sampler. The overall geometric mean IOM concentration (1.18 mg/m 3 , geometric standard deviation [GSD] = 2.00) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the overall geometric mean TCF concentration (1.08 mg/m 3 , GSD = 1.98). Regression analysis with IOM and TCF values as independent and dependent variables, respectively, yielded a factor of 0.86 ( - 0.04 95% confidence interval), which can be used to estimate TCF values from the IOM measurements. Additional paired sampling data were obtained to compare the following pairs of dust samplers: (1) IOM sampler and conical inhalable sampler (CIS) (n = 20 paired means), (2) IOM and open-face total (TOF) dust samplers (n = 1...
Safety Guarantees for Lanekeeping Assistance Systems With Time-Varying Disturbances: A Lyapunov Approach

Active lanekeeping assistance systems have the potential of saving thousands of lives every year. These systems must provide some level of increased safety while working cooperatively with the driver. Our approach passively couples the vehicle to the environment using the paradigm of ‘artificial’ potential fields. Since this control scheme does not attempt to track a desired trajectory, disturbances encountered during normal driving (such as road curvature) will alter the path of the vehicle. In order to ensure nominal safety of this system, a Lyapunov based bound is developed that handles general time-varying disturbances. This technique provides excellent bounds on the lateral motion of the vehicle. Experimental results verify that this bound works extremely well in practice.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A synthetic peptide modeled on PDNF, Chagas' disease parasite neurotrophic factor, promotes survival and differentiation of neuronal cells through TrkA receptor.

The human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, expresses a membrane-bound neuraminidase/trans-sialidase, also known as parasite-derived neurotrophic factor, PDNF, because it binds and activates nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA in neuronal cells. Here, we identify a 21 amino acid region (425GNASQNVWEDAYRCVNASATAN445) of PDNF that reproduces its neurotrophic activities. Synthetic peptide Y21, modeled on this sequence, induces survival and neurite outgrowth in primary dorsal root ganglion neurons. Y21 but not other PDNF-based peptides promotes survival and neurite extension in TrkA-expressing but not in TrkA-deficient PC12 cells. Y21 also enhances phosphorylation of TrkA in PC12 cells and activation of Erk1/2 and Akt kinases with kinetics distinct from that of PDNF. In addition, Y21 stimulates phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB. Peptide Y21, therefore, reproduces several TrkA-dependent activities of PDNF and NGF. However, Y21 inhibits the binding of PDN...
First-principles interatomic potentials for transition-metal aluminides. II. Application to Al-Co and Al-Ni phase diagrams

Aluminum-rich intermetallic compounds and alloys are important for their technological applications and scientifically interesting for their complex structures such as quasicrystals. Detailed knowledge of interatomic interactions can help explain structural and mechanical properties of these systems. The first paper of this series [Phys. Rev. B 56, 7905 (1997)] derived first-principles interatomic potentials for alloys of aluminum with first row transition metals from generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT). This paper assesses the ability of those potentials to reproduce and elucidate the binary alloy phase diagrams of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}$. When the full theory is taken into account, we successfully reproduce the phase diagrams up to $x=0.3.$ While many of the general features of the phase diagrams can be obtained with $x=0$ GPT pair potentials alone, the volume and composition dependence of the total energy become important by $x=0.25.$ In addition, for certain complex structures, we introduce partial aluminum occupancy and demonstrate its importance. At high transition-metal concentration $xg0.25,$ we must further include three- and four-body transition-metal interactions to account for the stability of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}$ in the ${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}$ phase diagram.
All-graphene electronics by exploiting physical analogies

The concept of a bandgap is so deeply ingrained that it is hard to imagine an integrated circuit built on graphene, whose pristine state is a gapless material with charge carriers obeying the relativistic Dirac spectrum, analogous to light. Entertaining such notion is so appalling that many have proposed to cut graphene into bits and pieces, thinking that size quantization effect would recover a bandgap. Unfortunately, the edges are too disordered and unzipping nanotubes simply unzips more nightmares for device integration engineers. Embracing pristine graphene with its Dirac spectrum therefore appeals as a viable technological option worth careful investigation. Such “all-graphene electronics”, in which graphene is kept pristine and lithographic patterning is performed on the electrostatic gates or substrates instead, is the subject of this talk. To realize this, we have to demonstrate in pristine graphene at least two most basic elements of integrated circuit i.e. devices performing basic logic operations and interconnect that allows communication between them. In this talk, I will show through theory and simulations, and in some cases in corroboration with experiments, that the novel graphene electronic properties allow one to make interesting electronic devices based on analogies with optics and quantum Hall physics. In optics, one manipulates light beams through designs of refractive index of mediums. In graphene, the electron or hole density plays the role of refractive index instead. Strings of analogous electron optics devices such as Veselago lens, optical fiber, beam collimators can be realized in gapless graphene, thereby achieving spatial manipulation of electron beams leading to novel reconfigurable interconnects. In quantum Hall physics, it is well known that spatial separation of forward and backward going states leads to absence of back-scattering. In graphene, a large pseudo-magnetic field can be created through various novel strain geometries, and open up the possibility of low power computing devices. Here, we outline our proposal for all-graphene electronics and review our recent work described in [1–5] and also other related work described in the references of [1–5].
Lepton-flavored dark matter

Abstract In this work, we address two paradoxes. The first is that the measured dark-matter relic density can be satisfied with new physics at O ( 100 GeV – 1 TeV ) , while the null results from direct-detection experiments place lower bounds of O ( 10 TeV ) on a new-physics scale. The second puzzle is that the severe suppression of lepton-flavor-violating processes involving electrons, e.g. μ → 3 e , τ → e μ μ , etc., implies that generic new-physics contributions to lepton interactions cannot exist below O ( 10 – 100 TeV ) , whereas the 3.6σ deviation of the muon g − 2 from the standard model can be explained by a new-physics scale O ( 1 TeV ) . Here, we suggest that it may not be a coincidence that both the muon g − 2 and the relic density can be satisfied by a new-physics scale ≲ 1 TeV . We consider the possibility of a gauged lepton-flavor interaction that couples at tree level only to μ- and τ-flavored leptons and the dark sector. Dark matter thus interacts appreciably only with particles of μ and τ flavor at tree level and has loop-suppressed couplings to quarks and electrons. Remarkably, if such a gauged flavor interaction exists at a scale O ( 100 GeV – 1 TeV ) , it allows for a consistent phenomenological framework, compatible with the muon g − 2 , the relic density, direct detection, indirect detection, charged-lepton decays, neutrino trident production, and results from hadron and e + e − colliders. We suggest experimental tests for these ideas at colliders and for low-energy observables.
Exciton spin thermalization in strained and relaxed Zn 1-x Mn x Se epilayers

We use polarized time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy to study the thermalization of nonequilibrium spin populations of excitons in ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Se}$ epilayers. A comparison of results from strained and relaxed epilayers shows that the exciton spin-relaxation rate is strongly affected by the degeneracy of the hole bands in these materials. Through rate equation analysis, we find that in relaxed ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Se}$ epilayers (with degenerate light- and heavy-hole bands) the spin-relaxation rate is rapid, less than 5 ps. Thus, the spin populations are determined solely by the thermal temperature of the excitons within their parabolic bands. In contrast, similar measurements in strained epilayers where the light- and heavy-hole degeneracy is lifted show that the exciton spin-relaxation rate is nearly three orders-of-magnitude slower, with a spin-relaxation time greater than 1 ns. We suggest that the strong decoupling of the exciton spin states from the lattice is caused by exciton localization in these epilayers.
Correlation of surface topography of metal-shadowed specimens with their negatively stained reconstructions.

Abstract We present a comparison of surface reconstructions from three different freeze-dried and unidirectionally metal-shadowed specimens (i.e. bacteriophage T4 polyheads, crystalline actin sheets and nuclear pore complexes) with two- or three-dimensional reconstructions of the same specimens when prepared by negative staining. Based on these and many published results, the following conclusions have been reached: (1) With a “cooperative” specimen (e.g. the polyheads), the surface reconstruction computed from a metal-shadowed replica compares favorably with two- or three-dimensional reconstructions obtained from the same specimen after negative staining at the 3–4 nm resolution level. (2) This relatively “poor” level at which the surface topographies of the two preparations can be compared appears to be set by a “practical” resolution limit (i.e. of distinct and reproducible structural detail) of metal replicas of biological specimens, despite the appearance of weak higher-order diffraction spots (i.e. corresponding to 2–3 nm). (3) While in some cases (e.g. the crystalline actin sheets) the surface reliefs of metal replicas may bear little resemblance to the actual structure under investigation, the replicas may still contain sufficient features to establish the polarity or handedness of the structure (i.e., the “top” and “bottom” surfaces of a crystalline sheet). (4) Information from negatively stained specimens is usually complementary with information from freeze-dried and metal-shadowed specimens. However, there are artifacts in both techniques, and we present an example with the nuclear pore complex, where these techniques yield confusing results.
Energetics of the incommensurate phase of krypton on graphite: A computer simulation study

The energetics of the weakly incommensurate phase of a quasi two-dimensional system of 20736 krypton atoms on a graphite surface are investigated. We have chosen a krypton-graphite potential which gives the commensurate phase at the lowest-energy state. The energy increase of the incommensurate phase can be described in terms of an hexagonal domain wall network confirming the phenomenological description byBak et al. [53.9]. The wall energy per unit length £ and the energy associated with each wall intersection A are calculated. Since A is significantly negative our results provide strong evidence that the commensurate-incommensurate transition might be first order.
Differences in locus of control orientation between normal and learning disabled boys.

-Locus of control orientation was examined in 55 second, third, and fourth grade learning disabled ( N = 2 7 ) and normal ( N = 28) boys, by administration of the Pictorial Gruen, Korte, Stephens Internal-External Control Scale. The learning disabled students were significant!^ more external than normals. Differences in age and perceptual performance, as measured by the Children's Embedded Figures Test, did not appear.
Expectations, procedural justice, and alternative reactions to being deprived of a desired outcome

Abstract People often find that they do not have some positive outcome they once expected to obtain, while others around them have attained that outcome. Two experiments were conducted to assess how four possible responses to such a situation are affected by procedural justice (i.e., the fairness of the procedures by which the object was denied) and by one's expectations about obtaining the outcome in the future. The four possible responses examined were anger responses, achievement strivings, devaluation of the object ( X ), and self-deprecation. A repeated-measures analysis revealed that the dependent variables were differentially affected in Study 1, but less so in Study 2. Analyses further revealed effects of procedural justice, such that unfair procedures led to more anger, lower achievement strivings, greater devaluation of X , and (in Study 1 only) marginally less self-deprecation. Expectations had only a marginal affect on achievement strivings in Study 1, and an effect on self-deprecation in Study 2, with higher expectations leading to lower achievement strivings and less self-deprecation, respectively. Procedural justice and expectations interacted to affect subjects' derogation of the agent who deprived them (Study 1) and their devaluation of X (Study 2). Implications for future research and for theoretical development are discussed.
Self-collimation in photonic crystals with anisotropic constituents

The equifrequency contours of a two-dimensional square lattice, Photonic Crystal(PhC) composed of an anisotropic cylinder in anisotropic medium are modeled and theoretically studied. The beam group velocity inside the PhC is determined as a function of input angle and from this data a quantitative measure of the self-collimation effect is deduced. The range of input angles for the self-collimation regime are significantly increased above those for a PhC composed of isotropic constituents.
Prefracture Injection Surveys: A Necessity for Successful Fracture Treatments

Successful fracture treatments over large intervals are often difficult to obtain. In the Laredo Lobo gas field in Webb and Zapata Counties, TX, successful fracture treatments over large intervals are critical for economic success of the field. Conoco Inc. uses a prefracture injectivity test along with temperature and gamma ray logs to ensure that the entire completed interval will be treated during the fracture job. If the entire completed interval is not being treated, the logs act as a road map to determine where additional perforations are required. 3 refs.
Fast iterative solvers for thin structures

For very large systems of equations arising from 3D finite element formulation, pre-conditioned iterative solvers are preferred over direct solvers due to their reduced memory requirements. However, in the finite-element analysis of thin structures such as beam and plate structures, iterative solvers perform poorly due to the presence of poor quality elements. In particular, their efficiency drops significantly with increase in the aspect ratio of such structures. In this paper, we propose a dual-representation based multi-grid framework for efficient iterative analysis of thin structures. The proposed iterative solvers are relatively insensitive to the quality of the elements since they exploit classical beam and plate theories to spectrally complement 3D finite element analysis. This leads to significant computational gains, as supported by the numerical experiments.
Pseudotyped adeno-associated viral vectors for gene transfer in dermal fibroblasts: implications for wound-healing applications

Abstract Background Cell-specific gene transfer and sustained transgene expression are goals of cutaneous gene therapy. Pseudotyping strategy with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has the potential to confer unique cellular tropism and transduction efficiency. We hypothesize that pseudotyped AAV vectors have differential tropism and transduction efficiency under normal and wound conditions in dermal fibroblasts. Materials and methods We packaged AAV2 genome with green fluorescent protein reporter in capsids of other serotypes, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8, producing pseudotyped vectors AAV2/5, AAV2/7, and AAV2/8, respectively. Murine and human dermal fibroblasts were transduced by the different pseudotypes for 24 h at multiplicities of infection 102, 103, 104, and 105. We assessed transduction efficiency at days 3 and 7. Experiments were repeated in a simulated wound environment by adding 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-B to culture media. Results Transduction efficiency of the pseudotyped AAV vectors was dose dependent. Multiplicity of infection 105 resulted in significantly higher gene transfer. Under normal culture conditions, the pseudotyping strategy conferred differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts, with significantly enhanced transduction of murine cells by AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 compared with AAV2/2. Adeno-associated virus 2/8 was more efficacious in transducing human cells. Under wound conditions, transduction efficiency of AAV2/2, 2/5, and 2/8 was significantly lower in murine fibroblasts. At day 3 under wound conditions, all vectors demonstrated similar transduction efficiency, but by day 7, the three pseudotyped vectors transduced significantly more murine cells compared with AAV2/2. However, in human cells, there was no significant difference in the transduction efficiency of each pseudotype between normal and wound conditions at both 3 and 7 d. Conclusions The AAV pseudotyping strategy represents a gene transfer technology that can result in differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts. The differences in transduction efficiency in murine and human dermal fibroblasts in both the normal and wound environment highlight issues with translatability of gene transfer techniques. These data provide a template for using pseudotyped AAV vectors in cutaneous applications.
Absence of overresponding on a DRL schedule by hippocampally-lesioned rats☆

Abstract The contradictory results obtained in studies of DRL performance by animals with hippocampal damage have typically been attributed to variation in lesion size and/or location. In the present study it was shown that rats with dorso-lateral, ventral or posterior hippocampal lesions did not differ from unoperated controls in either response rates or reinforcement frequency by the end of training on a DRL 20 sec reinforcement schedule. All animals showed a decrease in response rate due to the elimination of responses separated by less than five seconds. Furthermore, the addition of either a ventral or a dorso-lateral lesion to previously-lesioned animals produced no significant behavioral change. Since our lesions involved areas of hippocampus typically implicated in the hippocampal over-responding phenomenon, these results suggest that the contradictory findings that have been reported are not the result primarily of lesion size and/or location but rather are due to differences in procedural factors in the various experiments.
Quinine and citric acid elicit distinctive Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract.

The present experiment investigated Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) after intraoral infusions of 0.1 M citric acid, 0.3 M NaCl, and 0.3–30 mM quinine mono...
Vibrationally Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Di-Gold Carbonyl Clusters Au2(CO)n-(n=1-3): Experiment and Theory

We report vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) of Au2(CO)n− (n = 1−3), in combination with relativistic density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio calculations. The ground-state transition in the spectrum of Au2CO− is broad, containing vibrational structures both in the bending and in the CO stretching modes and suggesting a large structural change from Au2CO− to Au2CO. The ground-state transitions for both n = 2 and 3 display a well-resolved vibrational progression in the CO stretching mode with frequencies of 2110 ± 40 and 2160 ± 40 cm−1, respectively. The PES data show that chemisorption of the first two CO’s each induces a significant red-shift in the electron binding energies. The third CO is physisorbed, inducing only a slight increase in electron binding energies relative to Au2(CO)2−. Relativistic DFT and ab initio calculations are performed to determine the ground-state structures for Au2(CO)n− and Au2(CO)n, and the results agree well with the experiment. Au2(CO), Au2(CO)2, ...
Receiver Design Tradeoffs in High-speed Equalized Links Based on Sequence Estimation

We experimentally investigate the effect of different receiver designs on the performance of equalized 10 Gb/s links relying on sequence estimation.
THE MOST-CITED SCHOLARS IN CRIMINOLOGY TEXTBOOKS, 1963 TO 1968, 1976 TO 1980, AND 1989 TO 1993

ABSTRACT We offer a longitudinal comparison of the most-cited scholars in criminology textbooks over three periods: 1963 to 1968, 1976 to 1980, and 1989 to 1993. First, we compile a list of the 31 most-cited scholars in ten introductory criminology textbooks published from 1963 to 1968; these scholars are ranked by the frequency of their citations in the textbooks. These data are then compared to similar studies that rank 1) the 19 most cited scholars in 20 introductory criminology textbooks published from 1976 to 1980, and 2) the 47 most-cited scholars in 23 introductory criminology textbooks published from 1989 to 1993. The combined data allow us to examine important trends in citation patterns in criminology textbooks over three decades (from 1963 to 1993), and to identify a list of seven elite scholars whose work has had an enduring impact on criminology.
Precise control of elastocapillary densification of nanostructures via low-pressure condensation

Capillary self-assembly of nanoscale filaments is an emerging means of fabricating complex and hierarchical surface textures. However, via conventional processing methods such as immersion in liquid and atmospheric pressure condensation of liquid onto the substrate, it is challenging to achieve uniform results over large areas and to adapt the process to structures with different dimensions and spacing. Here we study elastocapillary densification of carbon nanotube (CNT) microstructures via controlled low-pressure condensation of liquid and subsequent evaporation, with the structures placed on a temperature controlled substrate. We study the dynamics of liquid infiltration into the microstructures and achieve control over the liquid condensation rate within >1 μm s−1. We find that the extent of densification depends on the amount of liquid delivered to the substrate as well as the size and spacing of the microstructures. We also show that the low-pressure condensation method can be used to form large arrays of anisotropic CNT microstructures, including thin-walled slanted microwells and tilted microposts.
Tricyclic quinoxalines as ligands for the strychnine-insensitive glycine site

Abstract The synthesis of a series of tricyclic quinoxalines is described. These compounds exhibit good affinity for both the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor and the AMPA receptor.