cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of crashes and injuries among 14 and 15 year old drivers, by rurality.

Abstract Purpose: Motor-vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death for teenagers in the United States. The United States has some of the youngest legal driving ages worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine rates and factors associated with injury crashes among 14- and 15-year-old drivers and how these varied by rurality. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study of 14- and 15-year-old drivers were obtained from the Iowa Department of Transportation from 2001 to 2013. Crash and injury crash rates were calculated by rurality. The relationship between crash and driver factors and injury was assessed using logistic regression. Findings: Teen drivers, aged 14 and 15 years, had a statewide crash rate of 8 per 1,000 drivers from 2001 to 2013. The majority of crashes occurred in urban areas (51%), followed by in town (29%), remote rural areas (13%), and suburban areas (7%). Crash and injury crash rates increased as level of rurality increased. The odds of an injury crash increased more than 10-fold with the presence of multiple other teens as passengers, compared to no passengers (OR = 10.7, 95% CI: 7.1–16.2). Conclusions: Although 14- and 15-year-old drivers in Iowa have either limited unsupervised (school permits) or supervised only driving restrictions, they are overrepresented in terms of crashes and injury crashes. Rural roads and multiple teen passengers are particularly problematic in terms of injury outcomes. Practical applications: Results from this study support passenger restrictions and teen driving interventions designed with a rural focus.
The national memorial for peace and justice, dark tourist argumentation, and civil rights memoryscapes

This essay extends the work of critical international and intercultural scholars that have studied the persuasive functions of memoryscapes. The authors argue that the 2018 opening of the National ...
Punishing for Humanity: The Sentencing Legacy of the ICTY

In determining sentences, the ICTY chose to develop global norms rather than adhere to, or even be strongly guided by, the sentencing norms of the former Yugoslavia. Although the ICTY Statute required the judges to consult national practices in determining sentences, they interpreted this requirement loosely, reserving to themselves a wide discretion that enabled them to identify a range of global sentencing objectives and factors to apply in pursuit of those objectives. The global norms the ICTY developed included norms rejecting harsh punishment, applying consequentialist punishment rationales, privileging gravity as the central sentencing factor, and endorsing broad judicial sentencing discretion. In developing these norms, the ICTY helped to build a foundation that other international courts, and perhaps some national courts, are likely to rely on for the foreseeable future.
Psychological pathways linking income inequality in adolescence to well-being in adulthood

Does exposure to income inequality in adolescence relate to well-being in adulthood? In Studies 1 and 2 ( N = 888), individuals who grew up in U.S. counties with higher income inequality expected g...
The influence of invasive ascidian diets on the growth of the sea star Henricia sanguinolenta

Invasive species can disrupt food webs by altering the abundance of prey species or integrating into the food web themselves. In the Gulf of Maine, there have been a suite of invasions that have altered the composition of the benthic ecosystem. These novel prey species can potentially benefit native predators depending on their nutritional value and relative abundance. We measured feeding instances of the native blood star, Henricia sanguinolenta, and changes in the seasonal abundances of invasive ascidian prey species. Results indicate that H. sanguinolenta forages optimally, as the blood star will prey on invasive ascidians when in high abundance, but feed on other species during periods of scarcity. Further, our study shows that blood stars prey on a wider variety of species than was previously known, such as small bivalves and barnacles. Additionally, we compared growth and reproduction of sea stars fed different combinations of invasive ascidians (Diplosoma listerianum or Botrylloides violaceus) or a native sponge (Haliclona oculata). Sea stars grew more on the native diet when compared with the invasive ascidian species, and D. listerianum appeared to be a superior quality food source when compared with B. violaceus. By comparing our data with historical data, we determined that there was a dramatic increase in sea star populations between 1980 and 2011, but then populations decreased by almost half from 2011 to 2016–2017. These data suggest that while invasive ascidians may have helped sea star populations at one point, sea stars are declining without their native food source.
We Like the Boyfriend! The Changing Nature of Political Comedy, COVID-19, and Interview Conversations with Governor Andrew Cuomo

Political comedy has seen considerable upheaval during the COVID-19 era. Broadcasting from home—or not at all—or back in an audience-less studio, comedians have adjusted both the tenor and the cont...
Mapping memory: visuality, affect, and embodied politics in the Americas: by Kaitlin M. Murphy, New York, NY, Fordham University Press, 2018, 208 pp., US$105 (cloth), ISBN 9780823282548, US$30 (paperback), ISBN 9780823282531

Contemporary artists and activists throughout the Americas have long turned to visual culture production, performance practices, and narrative forms in response to shared regional experiences of Co...
Performance Metrics for Human-Robot Collaboration: An Automotive Manufacturing Case

A human-robot collaborative system in the form of a power and skill assist robotic system was developed where a human and a robot could collaborate to perform object manipulation for targeted assembly tasks in automotive manufacturing. We assumed such assembly tasks as the representative assembly tasks in automotive manufacturing. We reflected human’s weight perception in the dynamics and control of the power and skill assist system following a psychophysical method using a reinforcement learning scheme. We recruited 20 human subjects who separately performed assembly tasks with the system in human-robot collaboration (HRC). We then observed the collaborative assembly tasks, conducted extensive literature reviews, reviewed our previous and ongoing related works and brainstormed with the subjects and other relevant researchers, and then proposed HRC performance assessment metrics and methods for collaborative automotive manufacturing. The proposed metrics comprised of assessment criteria and methods related to both human-robot interaction (HRI) and manufacturing performance. We then verified the proposed performance metrics in pilot studies in the laboratory environment using the same collaborative system and subjects. The verification results proved the effectiveness of the assessment metrics and methods in terms of usability, practicability and reliability. We then proposed to apply classification and regression type machine learning approaches under supervised and reinforcement learning setups to learn different classes and decision-making rules respectively regarding HRC performance. The proposed performance metrics and methods can serve as the preliminary efforts towards developing comprehensive assessment metrics for HRC in general and for human-robot collaborative automotive manufacturing in particular.
A flexible zinc-ion battery based on the optimized concentrated hydrogel electrolyte for enhanced performance at subzero temperature

Abstract The emerging aqueous zinc-ion rechargeable batteries have attracted much attention, owing to their intrinsic safety and low cost. However, it is not practical to use zinc-ion batteries in frigid environments due to their liquid water-based electrolytes. To alleviate this issue, we have developed a flexible zinc-ion battery consisting of an optimized concentrated hydrogel electrolyte sandwiched between an ultrathin zinc anode and a NH4V3O8•1•9H2O cathode for enhanced performance at subzero temperature. The hydrogel electrolytes, synthesized by simply mixing xanthan gum and aqueous ZnCl2 solution, are examined via various characterizations, such as thermogravimetric analysis, tensile tests, adhesion tests, and impedance measurements, for understanding their fundamental properties. The contents of the xanthan gum and the zinc salt can be facilely tuned and optimized for maximized battery performance. It is found that when a concentrated hydrogel electrolyte is prepared using 1.2 g xanthan gum mixed in 4 m ZnCl2 solution, the resulted flexible battery delivers the best performance, exhibiting a very high capacity of 201 mAh g − 1 and 83 mAh g − 1 under 0.2 A g − 1 at -20 °C and -40 °C, respectively. The battery also exhibits remarkable cyclability over 1500 cycles at -20 °C. Additionally, the battery shows capacity retention of 92% capacity over 100 cycles while being bent by 90° then 180° at -20 °C. As such, this battery demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical durability/flexibility as well as anti-freezing property, showing high potential to be used to power wearable electronics in cold environments or where safety is most crucial.
Homelessness and the Paradox of Welfare Austerity: Echoes from History in the Era of COVID-19

The scale of homelessness in the United States is a product of systematic political and economic restructuring. Austerity politics thrive in an environment that obscures these historical realities. Examining the devolution of homeless services not only illuminates the myriad paradoxes embedded in fiscal conservativism–it also provides a blueprint for reform. COVID-19 has only accentuated inequality and stirred social unrest. Nevertheless, these forces have failed to overturn entrenched power structures. As a necessity for sustaining life, a means of accumulating wealth, and inroads to social capital, housing is key to creating a more equitable post-COVID world. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Progressive Human Services is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Becoming an Adult in the 1980s

In most cultures, childhood is a stage of the life cycle that is loved and revered, at least in words, if not always in actions. Children and childhood may be admired because it is in them that adult hopes for the future and the world are high. It is almost as if when everything else in life suggests despair, we look at our children and find our hope for the future once again resurrected. Therefore, it is in many ways difficult to give up children or their childhood for adulthood and maturity. It is for example, one of the most agonizingly painful and difficult tasks for a parent to lose a child to death, whether suddenly or slowly, in infancy or at any childhood age. It is also difficult for parents who are unable economically, psychologically or physically to care for their child to relinquish and commit that child to the care of somebody else. It is difficult for parents who are abusive or otherwise found incapable to give up their children. Finally, it is difficult for all of us at different times and in different ways to say good-bye to our own childhood or to our children and their childhood. In loving our children we tend to hold up their stage of life as an ideal to us all. “Unless you become as little children you shall not enter the kingdom of heaven.”
Continuous Sterilization of Particulate Foods by Ohmic Heating: Critical Process Design Considerations

Research at this laboratory for the past several years has involved determination of electrical conductivities of foods, microbial death kinetics, process modeling and experimental verification. Finite element models developed for heating of solid-liquid mixtures in a continuous flow ohmic heater indicate that if all particles and liquid are of equal electrical conductivities, the particle cold spots heat slightly faster than the liquid. For high concentration mixtures, if all particles are of low electrical conductivity, the mixture heats slowly due to high effective resistance, but the particles still heat faster than the fluid. However, if a single particle of unusually low electrical conductivity enters the heater, it will thermally lag the fluid since the current has alternate low-resistance pathways around it. Under these conditions, the potential for underprocessing exists. Particle concentration has been found to be important in determining whether or not particles heat faster than fluids. Under low concentrations, particles will typically lag fluids, while high concentrations favor faster particle heating. These findings have been verified experimentally in a static ohmic heater. Conditions involving a radial velocity profile are discussed.
Transfer learning via relational templates

Transfer Learning refers to learning of knowledge in one domain that can be applied to a different domain. In this paper, we view transfer learning as generalization of knowledge in a richer representation language that includes multiple subdomains as parts of the same superdomain. We employ relational templates of different specificity to learn pieces of additive value functions. We show significant transfer of learned knowledge across different subdomains of a real-time strategy game by generalizing the value function using relational templates.
Gaussian estimation under attack uncertainty

We consider the estimation of a standard Gaussian random variable under an observation attack where an adversary may add a zero mean Gaussian noise with variance in a bounded, closed interval to an otherwise noiseless observation. A straightforward approach would entail either ignoring the attack and simply using an optimal estimator under normal operation or taking the worst-case attack into account and using a minimax estimator that minimizes the cost under the worst-case attack. In contrast, we seek to characterize the optimal tradeoff between the MSE under normal operation and the MSE under the worst-case attack. Equivalently, we seek a minimax estimator for any fixed prior probability of attack. Our main result shows that a unique minimax estimator exists for every fixed probability of attack and is given by the Bayesian estimator for a least-favorable prior on the set of possible variances. Furthermore, the least-favorable prior is unique and has a finite support. While the minimax estimator is linear when the probability of attack is 0 or 1, our numerical results show that the minimax linear estimator is far from optimal for all other probabilities of attack and a simple nonlinear estimator does much better.
Unique populations of lung mast cells are required for antigen-mediated bronchoconstriction (86.11)

Several studies implicate mast cells as important effector cells of anaphylaxis. Much of our understanding of the functions of mast cells emanates from the study of mice lacking theses cells, particularly mice carrying mutations in c-Kit. Definitive evidence for the role of mast cells in these mice requires the normalization of altered immune responses by reconstitution with cultured mast cells (BMMC). While many niches can be restored with BMMC, this has not been demonstrated for mast cells present in the airways of the lung, cells poised to mediate bronchoconstriction during allergic responses. To determine if mast cell reconstitution is an appropriate model for the study of bronchoconstriction associated with allergic responses, KitWsh/Wsh mice were engrafted with either whole bone marrow (WBM) or BMMC and responses to IgE-mediated anaphylaxis determined. Engraftment of KitWsh/Wsh mice with WBM or BMMC results in reconstitution of the central airways with mast cells. While the treatment of both groups results similar systemic changes in a model of passive anaphylaxis, bronchoconstriction was observed only in animals which received WBM. While BMMC can populate the lung, they cannot restore IgE/Ag-mediated bronchoconstriction to mast cell-deficient animals. This suggests the mast cell population mediating this function may be unique, and to fill this niche in the lung cells must undergo a specific developmental program that is no longer available to cultured mast cells.
Ordered Types in the AQUA Data Model

We present a query algebra that supports ordering among the data elements. Order is defined as a relationship between various data elements of an instance. This relationship can be a total or partial order among the elements or among equivalence classes where each equivalence class consists of one or more elements. In terms of data structures, ordered types can be viewed as graphs, trees, or lists. Lately there has been a lot of interest in bulk types like lists, trees, and graphs that are not supported by traditional data models and query algebras. This interest is fueled by the fact that much of the data in the scientific domain is inherently ordered. Therefore, scientific applications that involve genome sequences, satellite data, scientific data, etc. require database support for ordered data structures like lists, trees, and graphs. In this paper, we discuss the AQUA query algebra and its associated data model with special emphasis on ordered types and their operators.
Rupture of the liver in pregnancy: a rare complication of eclampsia.

S UBCAPSULAR hematoma of the liver may result from the hepatic lesions of eclampsia. Rupture of G&son’s capsule from massive hemorrhage is one of the rarest complications of the disease. This accident of pregnancy presents a characteristic clinical picture and a very grave prognosis. The precise number of previously recorded cases must be few, since we have been able to find references to only 12 instances of rupture of the liver during pregnancy. To these we add the following case. s Case Report
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of atomoxetine in human plasma and in vitro cellular samples

A simple, rapid and sensitive method for quantification of atomoxetine by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. This assay represents the first LC-MS/MS quantification method for atomoxetine utilizing electrospray ionization. Deuterated atomoxetine (d3-atomoxetine) was adopted as the internal standard. Direct protein precipitation was utilized for sample preparation. This method was validated for both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. The lower limit of quantification was 3 ng/ml and 10 nM for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the ranges of 3 ng/ml to 900 ng/ml and 10 nM to 10 μM for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively (r2 > 0.999). The intra- and inter-day assay accuracy and precision were evaluated using quality control samples at 3 different concentrations in both human plasma and cellular lysate. Sample run stability, assay selectivity, matrix effect, and recovery were also successfully demonstrated. The present assay is superior to previously published LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods in terms of sensitivity or the simplicity of sample preparation. This assay is applicable to the analysis of atomoxetine in both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples.
Pheochromocytoma Associated With Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Abstract The coexistence of pheochromocytoma and other tumor types in a single adrenal gland has been rarely documented. This type of pheochromocytoma is designated “composite” or “mixed,” depending on whether the pheochromocytoma and the nonpheochromocytoma components show the same embryologic origin. The nonpheochromocytoma components reported in the composite pheochromocytoma include ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma, and malignant schwannoma. The components found in the mixed pheochromocytoma include adrenal cortical neoplasms and spindle cell sarcoma. We report a unique case of composite pheochromocytoma in which the nonpheochromocytoma element is a neuroendocrine carcinoma. The histologic and the immunohistochemical profiles of the 2 distinct components of this tumor were typical for those of pheochromocytoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. This dual differentiation was also supported by ultrastructural findings. This case not only broadens the morphologic spectrum of composite pheoc...
Rationing safety stock in the USAF's multi echelon inventory system☆

Abstract The United States Air Force (USAF) operates one of the largest multi-echelon inventory systems in the world. Individual bases hold inventory to meet the demands of their customers at the base. These bases are re-supplied by central depots that are, in turn, re-supplied by vendors. The Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) has proposed the adoption of a method of rationing assets at the depot as a means of improving weapon system availabilities. A large scale simulation model of the USAF's multi-echelon inventory system was used to study the effects of such a rationing procedure. The simulation results demonstrate that the consequences of the proposed rationing scheme are contrary to what had been intuitively expected. In fact, the proposed policy change would have decreased rather than increased performance.
New product forecasting

Forecasting new-product performance has been called ‘one of the most difficult and critical management tasks’. It has attracted considerable attention because of the magnitude of the resources devoted to product development and because of the sizeable risks involved in making the go–no-go decisions. In comparison with forecasting sales for established products, there is no sales history, or more generally, the company has no product specific experience related to consumer acceptance, trade support and competitive reactions. This article first presents a review of new product forecasting techniques with an emphasis given to the more recent developments in forecasting models. Then, forecasting procedures are assessed by discussing their benefits and their costs. The third part of the article discusses trends in new product forecasting.
Monitoring HPC applications in the production environment

The advancement of HPC systems brings with it a need for more introspection into the run-time environment and performance of long-running applications. Software and hardware fault tolerance, scaling performance issues, soft error effect on computations, and even large-scale computational progress will require more capable run-time monitoring of applications during production runs. Current HPC toolsets, however, are geared towards heavyweight program introspection during the development, debugging, and optimization phases of software development, and are not suitable for production monitoring. To this end this work has developed ProMon, a framework for the production monitoring of HPC applications. ProMon is part of a vision for automatic monitoring of HPC applications without requiring developers or users to do significant work to support it. This paper presents ProMon, motivates its purpose, and shows that production monitoring can be performed efficiently.
Traditional Healing in Africa: Implications for Cross‐Cultural Counseling

Even though the change in Africa from traditional societies to modern ones is evident in many institutions throughout the continent, the transition is uneven. One institution that seems to have changed little over the years is the healing establishment. In general, traditional healers still treat their patients as their forebears did in the distant past. This article indicates who the indigenous doctors are, the role the family plays in health maintenance, the nature of the healing relationship, what diagnostic techniques are used, the specific healing methods used, how music is used as a therapeutic accompaniment, how healers are selected and prepared, and the implications of traditional healing for cross-cultural counseling. Aunque el cambio en Africa desde sociedades tradicionales a sociedades modernas es evidente en muchas instituciones por todo el continente, la transicion es desigual. Una de las instituciones que parece haber cambiado poco a traves de los anos es la del curandero. En general, los curanderos tradicionales todavia tratan a sus clientes de la misma manera que sus antepasados. Este articulo indica quienes son los doctores indigenas, el papel de la familia en el mantamiento de la salud, el caracter de la relacion de curacion, las tenicas de diagnostico que se usan, los metodos especificos de curacion, como se usa la musica como acompanamiento terapeutico, como se escogen y preparan los curanderos, y las implicaciones de la curacion traditional en la consejeria intercultural.
The structure of overlayers. II. Si on Mo[001]

The Mo{001}1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 1-Si structure formed upon adsorption of a monolayer of Si on a clean Mo{001} surface is investgated by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Diffracted beam intensities are calculated with the layer-Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method for different models and compared with extensive experimental data. Good agreement between calculated and observed LEED spectra for six nondegenerate beams at an angle of incidence of 8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and for four nondegenerate beams at an angle of incidence of 21\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} is found for a model in which the Si atoms are adsorbed in the fourfold pyramidal hollows formed by four adjacent Mo atoms on the Mo {001} surface. The distance between the plane of adsorbed Si atoms and that of the top layer of Mo atoms is 1.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 \AA{} and the Si-Mo bond length is 2.51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 \AA{}. The effects caused by different choices of a number of structural and nonstructural parameters in the calculated LEED spectra are discussed, and the results of calculations based on "wrong" models are presented for comparison. The importance of studying many beams and several angles of incidence is emphasized.
Theoretical Considerations in the Ultra-violet Irradiation of Micro-organisms

MOROWITZ1 has derived equations relating survival ratio (N/N 0) for a given species of micro-organism to the ultra-violet quantum density (B 0) at the surface of an irradiated volume of liquid of absorbance α and uniform depth L. For a micro-organism of ‘target area’ S, the equation for a perfectly mixed volume of liquid is: and for a stratified, or completely unmixed liquid :
The polymerization of 3‐chloro‐1‐propyne and 3‐bromo‐1‐propyne with Mocl5 and WCL6 based initiators and the structure of the resulting polymers

L'etude par RMN de la structure des polymeres suggere que la polymerisation s'effectue en 2 etapes: une polymerisation par methothese suivie d'une isomerisation cis-trans electrophile. Selon la nucleophilicite du solvant des reactions secondaires differentes ont lieu et les polymeres obtenus contiennent des motifs structuraux cyclopentadiene et/ou arylpropenyl
Who's Out There Anyway? Bringing Awareness of Multiple Audiences Into the Business-Writing Class

Business writing requires awareness of the corporate community and its many audiences, an awareness that is difficult to provide in the classroom. Of fering students a conceptual model of the business-writing process, its audience demands and context, provides them with a basis for analyzing writ ing tasks and constructing hypothetical situations around case studies. Student texts written to a case study show student strategies; texts by experi enced writers and a memo written in the workplace reveal audience concerns common to business-writing situations. A conceptual model is presented.
High temperature spectral selective coatings for solar thermal systems by laser sintering

Abstract Spectral selective coatings for solar thermal receivers have been fabricated by laser sintering of tungsten micro and nano particles on stainless steel substrate and show solar absorptance of ~90% at room temperature. The coatings remain stable after heat treatment at 650 °C in air for at least 36 h. A high figure of merit of ~50 has been achieved for laser sintered coatings. Two laser scans were performed at different energy densities, one to sinter nanoparticles and other to control surface morphology, so that high solar absorptance and low thermal emittance can be achieved. Laser sintering was carried out under atmospheric pressure that enabled the formation of a protective oxide layer that provided thermal stability to 650 °C. Solar thermal receivers in tower systems operate at high temperatures in air and laser sintering is a promising approach to fabricate spectral selective receiver coatings for this application.
Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) enhance tumour growth inhibition induced by androgen deprivation in human MDA-Pca-2b prostate cancers.

In the present study, we investigated whether the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) antagonist JV-1-38 could enhance the effects of androgen deprivation produced by the anti-androgen Flutamide and luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist Decapeptyl in an experimental model of human androgen-sensitive MDA PCa 2b prostate carcinoma implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) into nude mice. We also evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the effects of combined treatment on the mRNA expression for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and measured serum PSA levels. In experiment 1, GH-RH antagonist JV-1-38 greatly inhibited tumour growth in combination with Decapeptyl, but was ineffective when given alone. Thus, combined therapy with JV-1-38 at 20 μg/day and Decapeptyl microcapsules releasing 12.5 μg/day for 29 days inhibited significantly (P<0.01) MDA PCa 2b tumour growth by 65%, compared with controls. Combined treatment also significantly (P<0.05) decreased serum PSA levels by 52% and reduced tumour weight by 54% vs. controls. In experiment 2, GH-RH antagonist JV-1-38 at 20 μg/day likewise showed powerful growth inhibitory effects when combined with Flutamide (25 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Combined treatment with JV-1-38 and slow-release pellets of Flutamide significantly (P<0.001) inhibited tumour growth by 61% versus controls, and was significantly (P<0.05) more effective than Flutamide or JV-1-38 alone. Combination therapy also reduced significantly (P<0.001) tumour weight and serum PSA levels by 59 and 47%, respectively. The mRNA expression for PSA in MDA PCa 2b tumours was not changed by JV-1-38, Decapeptyl and Flutamide alone or in their respective combinations. Our findings suggest that GH-RH antagonists could enhance the tumour inhibitory effects of androgen deprivation for the primary therapy of patients with advanced prostate carcinoma.
Judging rolling wheels: dynamic and kinematic aspects of rotation - translation coupling

Four experiments were carried out to investigate observers' abilities to judge rolling motions. The experiments were designed to assess whether two important aspects of such motions are appreciated: the kinematic coupling of rotation and translation, and the dynamic effects of gravity. Different motion contexts of rolling wheels were created using computer-generated displays. The first experiment involved wheels rolling down an inclined plane. Observers spontaneously appreciated the anomaly of wheels that failed to accelerate, but they were not able to differentiate between different acceleration functions. Moreover, their judgements were almost exclusively based on the translation component of the rolling motion, neglecting the rotation component. In a second experiment it was found that observers could accurately estimate the perimeter of various objects. Thus, their inability to consider rotation information is not attributable to misperceptions of the geometry of wheels. In a third experiment the finding that rolling wheels appear to overrotate was replicated; however, findings from this experiment also showed, together with those from a fourth experiment, that observers are able to make very accurate judgments about translation-rotation coupling in rolling wheels when information is provided about the orientation of the wheel and the texture of the surface on which it rolls.
Insulin-responsive Aminopeptidase Trafficking in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes *

The insulin-responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP/VP165/gp160) was identified originally in GLUT4-containing vesicles and shown to translocate in response to insulin, much like the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). This study characterizes the trafficking and kinetics of IRAP in exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling to the membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. After exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to insulin, IRAP translocated to the plasma membrane as assessed by either cell fractionation, surface biotinylation, or the plasma membrane sheet assay. The rate of exocytosis closely paralleled that of GLUT4. In the continuous presence of insulin, IRAP was endocytosed with a half-time of about 3-5 min. IRAP endocytosis is inhibited by cytosol acidification, a property of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but not by the expression of a constitutively active Akt/PKB. Arrival in an LDM fraction derived via subcellular fractionation exhibited a slower time course than disappearance from the cell surface, suggesting additional endocytic intermediates. As assayed by membrane "sheets," GLUT4 and IRAP showed similar internalization rates that are wortmannin-insensitive and occur with a half-time of roughly 5 min. IRAP remaining on the cell surface 10 min following insulin removal was both biotin- and avidin-accessible, implying the absence of thin-necked invaginations. Finally, endocytosed IRAP quickly recycled back to the plasma membrane in a wortmannin-sensitive process. These results demonstrate rapid endocytosis and recycling of IRAP in the presence of insulin and trafficking that matches GLUT4 in rate.
Further evidence that phosphoprotein C23 (110 kD/pI 5.1) is the nucleolar silver staining protein.

Abstract Previously we demonstrated a similar distribution between nucleolar organizing region-(NOR)-specific silver staining and localization of nucleolar phosphoprotein C23 (MW 110 kD/pI 5.1) [1, 2]. We now report that under Fixation conditions which allow for antibody binding and subsequent silver staining, monoclonal antibody against protein C23 blocks NOR silver staining as well as silver staining in interphase nucleoli. Monoclonal antibody against nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 (MW 37 kD/pI 5.1) did not block silver staining in either NORs or interphase nucleoli. These, along with earlier observations, provide evidence that nucleolar phosphoprotein C23 is the major silver staining protein of the nucleolus and that it is directly or indirectly associated with rDNA.
Conceptualizing the Work of Leading Mathematical Tasks in Professional Development.

Filling the knowledge gap in the limited research on professional development leaders is an urgent issue if teacher learning is to be improved. This research and development project is studying how...
The application of surface techniques in understanding corrosion phenomena and mechanisms

Abstract This paper summarizes some of the work at the NRC on the application of surface-anaytical techniques to characterize both thin (~2 nm) passive oxide films and thick ( > 1 μn) oxides formed at high temperature. The techniques of AES, XPS, SIMS, Mossbauer, RHEED, X-ray analysis, EELS and TEM are considered. Emphasis is placed on iron and nickel passivity, chloride incorporation into films, air stability of films on iron and iron-chromium alloys, and the mechanism of high temperature oxide growth on nickel, iron, chromium, iron-chromium, and alumina formers. Studies on silicon, gallium arsenide and indium phosphide are also included. The often complementary information provided by the various techniques leads to a better understanding of corrosion and oxidation phenomena of both metals and semiconductors.
Molecular Orientations in Flat-Elongated and Helical Lamellar Crystals of a Main-Chain Nonracemic Chiral Polyester

Single flat-elongated and helical lamellar crystals have been grown thermotropically in a main-chain nonracemic chiral liquid crystalline polymer that was synthesized from (R)-(−)-4‘-{ω-[2-(p-hydroxy-o-nitrophenyloxy)-1-propyloxy]-1-nonyloxy}-4-biphenyl carboxylic acid, PET(R*)-9. The crystals possess the identical orthorhombic lattice dimensions of a = 1.07 nm, b = 0.48 nm, and c = 5.96 nm.1,2 Dark field (DF) image, bright field image, and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) experiments using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provide chain orientation information in both of these crystals. In the flat-elongated lamellar crystals, the chain direction is perpendicular to the substrate surface in a center zone along the long (b) axis of the crystals. Moving away from this zone along the short (a) axis of the crystal, the chain direction continuously tilts in the ac-plane. A small tilt of approximately 0.002° per molecular layer is estimated using the SAED results. In the helical lamellar crystal...
Studies on several marsupial anterior pituitary hormones

Abstract The anterior pituitary hormones LH, GH, and PRL were purified from several marsupial species, Eastern grey kangaroo ( Macropus giganteus ), Western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii ), and brush possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ). LH was isolated only from the kangaroos, whereas GH and PRL were isolated from all four species. The purified marsupial hormones were identified on the basis of bioassay, radioreceptor assay, and radioimmunoassay. They were found to be less potent biologically than the respective eutherian hormones in eutherian assays. Chemical characterization, including NH 2 -terminal analysis, amino acid composition, disc gel electrophoresis, and molecular weight determination, revealed basic similarities to eutherian hormones. A homologous, double-antibody radioimmunoassay for Eastern grey kangaroo PRL was developed. This assay was specific for marsupial PRLs; there was very low or no cross-reaction with other kangaroo hormones or eutherian PRLs. In general, the marsupial hormones were found to resemble their eutherian counterparts, but there were differences in biological and immunological potencies, emphasizing the need for purified marsupial hormone standards in studies of marsupial endocrine systems.
Root triterpenes of Vaccinium species

Abstract The underground portions of Vaccinium membranaceum (Dougl.) and V. parvifolium (Sm.) were examined for their triterpene content. The first-mentioned ericaceous plant yielded taraxerol, taraxerone, β-sitosterol, and friedel-3-ene. All but the last compound were detected in the other species. This is the first report of friedel-3-ene in the Ericaceae.
Using an Ion Sink to Extract Microbial Phosphorus from Soil

Two ion sinks (FeO-coated paper and anion exchange resin membrane) were tested to improve accuracy and precision in analysis of microbial P (P m ) in soil biomass. We used a noncarcinogenic biocide, hexanol. Ion-sink extracted FeO-P m [P m(FeO) ] and resin-P m [P m(Res) ] were compared with bicarbonate extracted P m [P m(Bic) ]. Fractional recovery of P m (K,) was determined with 50 μg P m from five different organisms, first, from preparations without soil, giving K p of 0.49 for P m(Bic) , 0.63 for P m(FeO) , and 0.66 for P m(Res) , and second, from soil-organism mixes, giving K, of 0.36 for P m(Bic) , 0.49 for P m(FeO) , and 0.52 for P m(Res) . This indicated ion sinks can improve accuracy of P m recovery. We tested 18 Kansas soils with three different levels of C + N substrates to provide varying levels of microbial activity. For unamended soils, P m values (mg kg -1 ) were 5.9 for P m(Bic) , 8.2 for P m(FeO) , and 6.3 for P m( Corresponding values in soils with low levels of C + N amendments were 6.0 for P m(Bic) , 18.2 for P m(FeO) , and 18.7 for P m(Res) . In soils with high levels of C + N amendments plus alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.), corresponding values were 12.7 for P m(Bic) , 30.9 for P m(FeO) , and 37.3 for P m(Res) . Above 10.0 mg kg -1 , P m(FeO) and P m(Res) were at least twice as much as P m(Bic) . In addition, P m and P m(Res) both had lower CVs than P m(Bic) , indicating greater precision by the ion-sink methods.
Differential expression of Kv3.1b and Kv3.2 potassium channel subunits in interneurons of the basolateral amygdala

The expression of Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 voltage-gated potassium channel subunits appears to be critical for high-frequency firing of many neuronal populations. In the cortex these subunits are mainly associated with fast-firing GABAergic interneurons containing parvalbumin or somatostatin. Since the basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala contains similar interneurons, it is of interest to determine if these potassium channel subunits are expressed in these same interneuronal subpopulations. To investigate this issue, peroxidase and dual-labeling fluorescence immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine which interneuronal subpopulations in the basolateral nuclear complex of the rat amygdala express Kv3.1b and Kv3.2 subunits. Antibodies to parvalbumin, somatostatin, calretinin, and cholecystokinin were used to label separate subsets of basolateral amygdalar interneurons. Examination of immunoperoxidase preparations suggested that the expression of both channels was restricted to nonpyramidal interneurons in the basolateral amygdala. Somata and proximal dendrites were intensely-stained, and axon terminals arising from presumptive basket cells and chandelier cells were lightly stained. Immunofluorescence observations revealed that parvalbumin+ neurons were the main interneuronal subpopulation expressing the Kv3.1b potassium channel subunit in the basolateral amygdala. More than 92-96% of parvalbumin+ neurons were Kv3.1b+, depending on the nucleus. These parvalbumin+/Kv3.1b+ double-labeled cells constituted 90-99% of all Kv3.1b+ neurons. Parvalbumin+ neurons were also the main interneuronal subpopulation expressing the Kv3.2 potassium channel subunit. More than 67-78% of parvalbumin+ neurons were Kv3.2+, depending on the nucleus. However, these parvalbumin+/Kv3.2+ double-labeled cells constituted only 71-81% of all Kv3.2+ neurons. Most of the remaining neurons with significant levels of the Kv3.2 subunit were somatostatin+ interneurons. These Kv3.2-containing somatostatin+ interneurons constituted 27-50% of the somatostatin+ population, depending on the nucleus in question. These data suggest that both fast-firing and burst-firing parvalbumin+ interneurons in the basolateral amygdala express the Kv3.1b subunit. The significance of Kv3.2 expression in some parvalbumin+ and somatostatin+ interneurons remains to be determined.
Multiplication and growth of selected enteric bacteria in clear mountain stream water

Abstract Measurable multiplication and protein synthesis rates were observed for various environments approximating those conditions occurring in a cold mountain stream. An extract of river bottom sediments provided a better nutrient source for the organisms tested than did river water from sites above and below a sewage plant on two low nutrient control media. Concurrent field studies on the river, using dialysis sac-culture techniques, also showed periods of bacterial multiplication. These data suggest that the aquatic environment associated with a clear mountain stream not only can maintain populations of enteric bacteria but also can supply sufficient nutrients to initiate multiplication and de novo protein synthesis.
A vibrational probe for local nucleic acid environments: 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine.

Nitriles have been shown to be effective vibrational probes of local environments in proteins but have yet to be fully utilized for the study of nucleic acids. The potential utility of 5-cyano-2′-deoxyuridine (1) as a probe of local nucleic acid environment was investigated by measuring the dependence of the IR nitrile stretching frequency (νC≡N), line shape, and absorbance on solvent and temperature. The νC≡N was found to be sensitive to solvent with an observed blue shift of 9.2 cm−1 in going from THF to water. The dependence of the nitrile IR absorbance band was further investigated in water−THF mixtures. Global line shape analysis, difference FTIR spectroscopy, and singular value decomposition (SVD) were used to show the presence of three distinct local environments around the nitrile group of 1 in these mixtures. A modest blue shift in νC≡N was observed upon a hydrogen-bond-mediated heterodimer formation between 2 (a silyl ether analogue of 1) and 2,6-diheptanamido-pyridine (3a) in chloroform. The...
Management Strategies during the Establishment Year Enhance Production and Fitness of Seeded Bermudagrass Stolons

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is an important turf-grass across the transition zone. A common concern is survival of seeded cultivars the first winter after establishment. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum seeding and N rates to enhance stolon production. The cultivar Mirage was seeded in June of 1998 and 1999 at 12.2, 24.4, 36.6, and 48.8 kg pure live seed (PLS) ha - 1 . Urea nitrogen was applied as a split-plot treatment at the rates of 48.8, 195.2, 390.4, or 585.6 kg N ha -1 growing season -1 . Fresh weights of stolons harvested at the end of both growing seasons were greatest at 12.2 kg PLS ha -1 rate, and decreased significantly as seeding rate increased. The same response to seeding rate was evident when measuring stolen diameters in both years of the study. In 1999, 585.6 kg N ha -1 produced more stolons than 48.8 kg N ha 1 , indicating a significant positive linear response to N. The opposite was true with stolon diameters, there being a negative linear relationship with total N applied. There were no differences among seeding rates on production of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), but 390.4 kg N ha -1 produced the most TNCs, showing a significant quadratic response to N. No winterkill was observed in either year of the study.
More Records for Shrimps of the Genus Rimicaris (Decapoda: Caridea: Bresiliidae) from the Mid-atlantic Rift

ABSTRACT Additional specimens of the newly described caridean bresiliid shrimps Rimicaris exoculata and R. chacei are recorded from a hydrothermally active area, 23°22.160'N, 44°57.072'W, at a depth of 3,522 m on the Mid-Atlantic Rift about 184 nautical miles (341 km) SSW of the locality from which the species were originally described.
TNFα signaling exposes latent estrogen receptor binding sites to alter the breast cancer cell transcriptome.

The interplay between mitogenic and proinflammatory signaling pathways plays key roles in determining the phenotypes and clinical outcomes of breast cancers. Using GRO-seq in MCF-7 cells, we defined the immediate transcriptional effects of crosstalk between estradiol (E2) and TNFα, identifying a large set of target genes whose expression is rapidly altered with combined E2 + TNFα treatment, but not with either agent alone. The pleiotropic effects on gene transcription in response to E2 + TNFα are orchestrated by extensive remodeling of the ERα enhancer landscape in an NF-κB- and FoxA1-dependent manner. In addition, expression of the de novo and synergistically regulated genes is strongly associated with clinical outcomes in breast cancers. Together, our genomic and molecular analyses indicate that TNFα signaling, acting in pathways culminating in the redistribution of NF-κB and FoxA1 binding sites across the genome, creates latent ERα binding sites that underlie altered patterns of gene expression and clinically relevant cellular responses.