cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic developmental elaboration of N-linked glycan complexity in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo

The structural diversity of glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides is determined by the expression and regulation of glycosyltransferase activities and by the availability of the appropriate acceptor/donor substrates. Cells in different tissues and in different developmental stages utilize these control points to manifest unique glycan expression patterns in response to their surroundings. The activity of a Toll-like receptor, called Tollo/Toll-8, induces a pattern of incompletely defined, but neural specific, glycan expression in the Drosophila embryo. Understanding the full extent of the changes in glycan expression that result from altered Tollo/Toll-8 signaling requires characterization of the complete N-linked glycan profile of both wild-type and mutant embryos. N-Linked glycans harvested from wild-type or mutant embryos were subjected to direct structural analysis by analytic and preparative high pressure liquid chromatography, by multidimensional mass spectrometry, and by exoglycosidase digestion, revealing a predominance of high mannose and paucimannose glycans. Di-, mono-, and nonfucosylated forms of hybrid, complex biantennary, and triantennary glycans account for 12% of the total wild-type glycan profile. Two sialylated glycans bearing N-acetylneuraminic acid were detected, the first direct demonstration of this modification in Drosophila. Glycan profiles change during normal development consistent with increasing alpha-mannosidase II and core fucosyl-transferase enzyme activities, and with decreasing activity of the Fused lobes processing hexosaminidase. In tollo/toll-8 mutants, a dramatic, expected loss of difucosylated glycans is accompanied by unexpected decreases in monofucosylated and nonfucosylated hybrid glycans and increases in some nonfucosylated paucimannose and biantennary glycans. Therefore, tollo/toll-8 signaling influences flux through several processing steps that affect the maturation of N-linked glycans.
THE GREAT WAR AND THE ANXIOUS VISION

Anxious Visions: Surrealist Art by Sidra Stich, with essays by James Clifford, Tyler Stovall and Steven Kovacs, Berkeley: University Art Museum and New York: Abbeville Press, 1990, 295 pp., 212 col. plates, 248 b. & w. illus., $49.95
Democratic governance in Iraq? Progress and peril in reforming state-society relations

This article examines the experience of the Local Governance Project (LGP) in Iraq. LGP activities include: establishment of representative councils, service delivery capacity-building, civil society strengthening, decentralisation policy development and civic dialogue. The article documents how these activities contributed to changing interactions between citizens and government, reaching across individual social and ethnic groups. In post-war Iraq, such social capital could be a positive contributor. Its potential, however, is limited by the absence of the conditions necessary for stability and reconstruction. Violence and insecurity, the actions of conflict entrepreneurs and the resiliency of the shadow state raise doubts about the prospects for governance reform. Lessons include: a local governance focus can build reform constituencies resistant to reversal by central-level actors; reformed local governance cannot support democratisation without a security and political framework that raises costs of resorting to violence; donor-led governance innovations often maintain control of change at the expense of legitimacy; acceptance of governance reforms depends upon the extent to which they are perceived as effective and legitimate, but such changes are likely to be fragile in post-conflict societies; short-term reconstruction timetables increase the risk of relying on existing power structures and on weak newly-created institutions, which lay an insufficient foundation for fundamental governance reform and new state-society relations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An autoradiographic study of the sites of protein synthesis in the epidermis of the Indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi)

In order to delineate more clearly the sites of protein synthesis during the synchronous proliferation of reptilian epidermis, H3-leucine was injected intradermally into the Indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) at various times in the sloughing cycle. Autoradiograms were made of biopsies, taken during the early and late proliferative stages of the molting cycle. These confirmed morphologic observations (Roth and Jones, '66) that moderate numbers of spinous cells are added to the α-layer during the resting phase. The number of cells added, and the amount of protein synthesized, reaches a maximum in the midresting phase and then decreases. No synthesis of upper α-layer, μϵσoζ-layer or β-layer proteins occurs during the resting phase. Synthesis of the specialized proteins of the β-layer, the μϵσoζ-layer and the upper stratum of the α-layer occurs during the proliferative phase, after the cells have left the basal layer, (while they represent inner epidermal generation), in contrast to mammalian epidermis in which the fibrous proteins are largely synthesized in the basal layer and the lower-most spinous cells.
Functional domain and poly-l-proline II conformation for candidacidal activity of bactenecin 5

Abstract The functional domain for candidacidal activity of bactenecin 5 has been determined by synthesizing bactenecin 5 and its fragments [1–22 (BN22), 7–22 (BN16) and 20–43 (BC24)]. The N-terminal sequence BN16 retained the candidacidal potency of the parent molecule and this region appears to be the candidacidal domain. The circular dichroism spectra of these peptides indicate the presence of largely poly- l -proline II conformations in aqueous solutions and in lipid vesicles. The coupling constant (J NH-C α H ) values, and a set of medium- and short-range nuclear Overhauser effects observed for the N-terminal peptide (BN16) in the two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance suggest that poly- l -proline II helix could be the biologically active conformation.
Uptake and binding of [3H]hydrocortisone by various pig brain regions.

Abstract The cytosol fraction of septum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of intact and adrenalectomized pigs possessed greater concentrations of radioactivity than the cytosol fraction of amygdala, pituitary, and cortex after an intraventricular injection of [1, 2-3H]hydrocortisone. Nuclear extracts from the same brain regions possessed higher concentrations of radioactivity than nuclear extracts of the other brain regions of intact pigs. Nuclear extracts of amygdala, pituitary and hypothalamus from adrenalectomized pigs exhibited the greatest increase over intact pigs in labeled hormone concentration. When adrenalectomized pigs were administered dexamethasone prior to [3H]hydrocortisone, uptake of label was most depressed in hippocampal cytosol and nuclear extract. Also sensitive to the competitive effects of dexamethasone were septal and pituitary nuclear extracts. In intact pigs, pituitary, hippocampus and cortex exhibited higher ratios of bound to total hormone in the cytosol fraction than the other brain regions. Hippocampal and amygdala cytosol possessed the greater magnitude of increase in the ratio of bound to total hormone in adrenalectomized versus intact pigs. The pituitary, septum, amygdala, and cortex of intact and adrenalectomized pigs possessed a ratio of bound to total hormone in nuclear extract 5–10 times greater than that in hippocampus and hypothalamus. However, the latter two regions exhibited a greater increase in bound: total hormone after administration of labeled hormone to adrenalectomized pigs than nuclear extracts of the other brain regions.
Weakly coupled optical polarons

The Green's function technique has been used to investigate the properties of weakly coupled longitudinal optical polarons. By taking into consideration the contribution of the phonon-cross-exchange diagrams in the self-energy, a vertex correction has been made to the lowest-order diagram. The real part and the imaginary part of the self-energy are obtained. The dispersion relationship obtained by this approximation gives the ground-state energy which is lower than the upper bound obtained by the variational method. Also, the spectral weight function has been calculated for several momentum values. It shows that the quasiparticle description is good for polarons with small momentum, while for polarons with momentum values near the phonon emission threshold the quasiparticle description is not adequate.
High-speed video imaging and digital analysis of microscopic features in contracting striated muscle cells

The rapid motion of microscopic features such as the cross striations of single contracting muscle cells are difficult to capture with conventional optical microscopes, video systems, and image processing approaches. An integrated digital video imaging microscope system specifically designed to capture images from single contracting muscle cells at speeds of up to 240 Hz and to analyze images to extract features critical for the understanding of muscle contraction is described. This system consists of a brightfield microscope with immersion optics coupled to a high-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) video camera, super-VHS (S-VHS) and optical media disk video recording (OMDR) systems, and a semiautomated digital image analysis system. Components are modified to optimize spatial and temporal resolution to permit the evaluation of submicrometer features in real physiological time. This approach permits the critical evaluation of the magnitude, time course, and uniformity of contractile function throughout the volume of a single living cell with higher temporal and spatial resolutions than previously possible.
Improving cyber-security of smart grid systems via anomaly detection and linguistic domain knowledge

The planned large scale deployment of smart grid network devices will generate a large amount of information exchanged over various types of communication networks. The implementation of these critical systems will require appropriate cyber-security measures. A network anomaly detection solution is considered in this paper. In common network architectures multiple communications streams are simultaneously present, making it difficult to build an anomaly detection solution for the entire system. In addition, common anomaly detection algorithms require specification of a sensitivity threshold, which inevitably leads to a tradeoff between false positives and false negatives rates. In order to alleviate these issues, this paper proposes a novel anomaly detection architecture. The designed system applies a previously developed network security cyber-sensor method to individual selected communication streams allowing for learning accurate normal network behavior models. In addition, an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (IT2 FLS) is used to model human background knowledge about the network system and to dynamically adjust the sensitivity threshold of the anomaly detection algorithms. The IT2 FLS was used to model the linguistic uncertainty in describing the relationship between various network communication attributes and the possibility of a cyber attack. The proposed method was tested on an experimental smart grid system demonstrating enhanced cyber-security.
Sulfur Cycling in Five Forest Ecosystems

The cycling and retention of sulfur were studied in five forest ecosystems: a chestnut oak and yellow poplar stand on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee; a mixed oak stand on Camp Branch Watershed, Tennessee; and a red alder and Douglas-fir stand at the Thompson site, Washington. Calculations from foliage sulfur turnover indicate that about one-half of total sulfur input was dry in the Tennessee sites, whereas only one-tenth was dry in the Washington sites. Atmospheric sulfur inputs exceeded forest sulfur requirements in all cases, but three sites (chestnut oak, mixed oak, and red alder) showed a net ecosystem retention of atmospherically deposited sulfur. Net ecosystem sulfur retention was consistent with laboratory-determined sulfate adsorption isotherms within a given location (Walker Branch, Thompson site) but not between locations because of differing deposition histories and consequent differing degrees of soil sulfate saturation. No consistent relationships between soil sulfate adsorption capacity and other soil properties (pH, base saturation, iron, and aluminum oxides) were found.
Monogamy and polygamy in T-cell receptor (TCR) chain association

[Comment on Heemskerk et al, page 235][1]In this issue of Blood , Heemskerk and colleagues provide new insights into TCR chain pairing that will aid in the development of therapeutic T cells with new antigen specificities. T cells once were thought to have a single-antigen specificity encoded by a
Evolutionary polymorphic neural network in chemical process modeling

Abstract Evolutionary polymorphic neural network (EPNN) is a novel approach to modeling dynamic process systems. This approach has its basis in artificial neural networks and evolutionary computing. As demonstrated in the studied dynamic CSTR system, EPNN produces less error than a traditional recurrent neural network with a less number of neurons. Furthermore, EPNN performs networked symbolic regressions for input–output data, while it performs multiple step ahead prediction through adaptable feedback structures formed during evolution. In addition, the extracted symbolic formulae from EPNN can be used for further theoretical analysis and process optimization.
Rapid Induction of Cerebral Hypothermia Is Enhanced With Active Compression-Decompression Plus Inspiratory Impedance Threshold Device Cardiopulmonary Resusitation in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest

Objectives A rapid, ice-cold saline flush combined with active compression-decompression (ACD) plus an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) cardiopulmonary resusitation (CPR) will cool brain tissue more effectively than with standard CPR (S-CPR) during cardiac arrest (CA). Background Early institution of hypothermia after CPR and return of spontaneous circulation improves survival and outcomes after CA in humans. Methods Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced for 8 min in anesthetized and tracheally intubated pigs. Pigs were randomized to receive either ACD + ITD CPR (n = 8) or S-CPR (n = 8). After 2 min of CPR, 30 ml/kg ice-cold saline (3°C) was infused over the next 3 min of CPR via femoral vein followed by up to three defibrillation attempts (150 J, biphasic). If VF persisted, epinephrine (40 μg/kg) and vasopressin (0.3 U/kg) were administered followed by three additional defibrillation attempts. Hemodynamic variables and temperatures were continuously recorded. Results All ACD + ITD CPR pigs (8 of 8) survived (defined as 15 min of return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC]) versus 3 of 8 pigs with S-CPR (p Conclusions A rapid ice-cold saline infusion combined with ACD + ITD CPR during cardiac arrest induces cerebral hypothermia more rapidly immediately after ROSC than with S-CPR.
A successful implementation with the Smart Grid: Demand response resources

The effective harnessing of control, communication and computer technologies in the operation of the power system - the key notion behind the Smart Grid concept - can markedly impact the system reliability. The appropriate utilization of intelligent line switching, demand response resources (DRRs), FACTS devices and PMUs is key in the smart grid deployment to bring about improvements in the reliability of the power system. While the Smart Grid can support the provision of differentiated levels of reliability to different customers, the maintenance of system integrity requires that a certain minimum level of reliability be kept throughout the system. We view the provision to meet this reliability requirement as a public good. In this paper, we consider the long-term impacts of DRRs - a successful application of the smart grid - and evaluate their impacts on system reliability. We use a simulation engine to study these impacts under different scenarios. We demonstrate the tangible reliability benefits of DRR applications in terms of reduced number of loss of load events as a result of voluntary load curtailments.
Preliminary Results From A Single-Photon Imaging X-Ray Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Camera

A CCD camera is described which has been designed for single-photon X-ray imaging in the 1-10 keV energy range. Preliminary results are presented from the front-side illuminated Fairchild CCD 211, which has been shown to image well at 3 keV. The problem of charge-spreading above 4 keV is discussed by analogy with a similar problem at infrared wavelengths. The total system noise is discussed and compared with values obtained by other CCD users.
Some characteristics of a TDI scanner

We develop methods to characterize the noise positional accuracy and color shift for a camera type scanner. These methods have been applied to several similar scanners based on an experimental Time Delay Integration chip developed at IBM Research. The scanner is further discussed in the paper by Hon-Sum Wong et al in this session. To measure noise we scan a field twice under identical conditions. We then consider the noise to be the difference in these measurements computed pixel by pixel. All data is measured with a 12 bit a/d converter (0-4095). For a typical dark current correction we find a standard deviation of 1. 97. For a white field we find the standard deviation of the measurements to be 3. 65 out of the total range of 4095 (this is . 089). To measure color shift and positional accuracy we scan a transmissive test image which consists of an aluminized glass plate in which 6 rows of 6 diamonds per row all on a square grid were engraved. The position of a diamond may be accurately obtained for each color scan by summing the gray values in the various rows and in the various columns of an area containing one diamond. We find color shifts of up to . 5 pixel. The position accuracy is good to . 2 pixel if the slight rotation of the TDI device relative to
Rhinoplasty in Light of Sinonasal Issues

I am honored to have been chosen to guest edit another issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. This is a follow-up to the prior issue, “Rhinology for the Rhinoplasty Surgeon,” published in 2004. Once again, I believe this issue represents the ideal blend of my background in both rhinology and facial plastic surgery and highlights the current topics facing the rhinoplasty surgeon. The rhinoplasty surgeon must be aware of the possible sinonasal problems that may be present when discussing potential reconstructive or cosmetic nasal surgery with her or his patients. The presence of allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, and/or chronic rhinosinusitis can affect the patients’ perception of their nasal symptoms. Patients can suffer from skin-related sequelae to varying degrees. Familiarity with the smell and taste disorders provides rhinoplasty surgeons with additional information for the overall management of their patients. Resistant infections are a growing problem for all physicians. Furthermore, surgical outcomes can be affected by the chronic inflammation associated with many of these conditions. With this in mind, I have included articles addressing the constantly
Effect of microcrustaceans on blue-green algae in flooded soil

Abstract The ostracod Cypris sp., when present in large numbers, prevented the development of inocula of Tolypothrix tenuis and suppressed inocula of Anabaena sp. added to flooded soil. The waterflea Daphnia magna , when present in large numbers, only had a minor influence on the growth rate or extent of development of these algae. Anabaena sp. was less susceptible than T. tenuis to the two microcrustaceans. It is suggested that grazing by certain microcrustaceans may limit nitrogen fixation by algae in flooded rice fields.
Palinspastic reconstruction of the Grenville terrane in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province, southern and central Appalachians, U.S.A

Examinations of Grenville massifs in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province of Virginia and North Carolina indicate that the country rocks (∼ 1100–1450 Ma) are layered gneisses that were metamorphosed during Grenville orogenesis (∼ 1000–1100 Ma) to amphibolite to granulite facies and intruded by plutonic suites. Subsequently, the Grenville terrane was intruded by a suite of peralkaline granitic plutons (∼ 700 Ma) and progressively overlapped westward by Upper Precambrian to Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Following deposition of Upper Precambrian and Palaeozoic rocks, the Blue Ridge Geologic Province was subjected to Taconic metamorphism (∼ 450–480 Ma) which generally increased in intensity southeastward from greenschist (chlorite grade) to upper amphibolite (sillimanite grade) facies. Large-scale late Devonian thrusting (∼ 350 Ma) along the Fries fault system and the Brevard zone-Yadkin fault system produced the present day distribution of juxtaposed Grenville massifs and Palaeozoic metamorphic zones in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province. Palinspastic restoration of the Taconic metamorphic zones to their pre-late Devonian relative positions yields an ∼ 50 km displacement on the Fries fault system near the Grandfather Mountain window and and an ∼ 80 km displacement on the Smith River allochthon farther east. Restoration of the Grenville massifs to this same palinspastic base shows that Grenville metamorphic grade decreased southeastward from the deeper granulite facies (opx + gar) to the shallower granulite facies (opx ± amp) to amphibolite facies.
Oscillatory vaporization of fuel droplets in an unstable combustor

The effects of oscillating gas pressure and velocity on droplet vaporization rates during combustion instability are examined. Droplets are continuously injected through the pressure cycle, and the behavior of each droplet is calculated. Individual droplet vaporization rates are combined to give the total vaporization rate for a spray. Heat conduction and convection within the droplet interior are considered and found to have very significant effects compared to the infinite-conductivity or rapid-mixing models of the past. The gain or response function associated with the oscillatory vaporization rate component in phase with the pressure is shown to be sufficiently large to sustain instability.
Effect of temperature and PaCO2 on cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass in swine.

Abstract Background . Patients experience cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study determined if alterations in temperature and/or PaCO 2 can reduce cerebral and ocular embolization. Methods and Results . Forty-four pigs underwent CPB: 24 animals at 28°C, and 20 at 38°C. The two temperature groups were randomized to undergo embolization (67-μm fluorescent microspheres) at either hypercarbia or hypocarbia. Before and after embolization, cerebral and ocular blood flow were determined at normocarbia. Reducing temperature or PaCO 2 reduced cerebral and ocular embolization. Hypocarbia reduced cerebral embolization by 60% and 45% in normothermic and hypothermic groups, respectively ( p p 2 condition ( p p Conclusions . Cerebral embolization is determined by both temperature and PaCO 2 at the time of embolization. In CPB practice, reductions in temperature and/or PaCO 2 during periods of embolic risk may reduce brain injury.
Bioimaging system using acousto-optic tunable filter

The interaction of light with tissue has ben used to recognize disease since the mid-1800s. The recent developments of light sources, detectors, and fiber optic probes provide opportunities to measure these interactions, which yield information for tissue diagnosis at the biochemical, structural, or physiological level. In this paper, we describe a bioimaging system designed for biomedical applications and show laser-indued fluorescence (LIF) images mammalian brain tissue. The LIF imaging of tissue was carried out in vitro using two laser excitations: 488 nm and 514 nm. Images were recorded through an acousto- optic tunable filter over the range 500 nm-650 nm with a charged coupled device camera. Background subtracted images were generated across the fluorescent wavelength. Subtraction allowed a safe comparison to be made with well- contrasted images. Of the two tested excitation wavelengths, 488 nm excitation gave the more distinctive contrast.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Role of junctional zone cells between Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle in arrhythmogenesis.

Objective: The aim was to examine under abnormal conditions the flow of currents across junctional (J-) cells found between Purkinje fibre cells and ventricular muscle cells, and determine whether these currents play a role in increasing the excitation rate of ventricular muscle. Methods: Canine Purkinje fibre and papillary muscle preparations were mapped to locate the Purkinje fibre-ventricular muscle cell junction (PVJ). Using standard techniques, action potentials from Purkinje fibres, J-cells, and ventricular muscle cells and extracellular electrograms were simultaneously recorded at the PVJ. The tissue was then superfused with Tyrode solution plus 4.5-5.0 mmol of ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA). Results: EDTA prolonged the action potential duration mainly in Purkinje fibres. Secondary plateaus were recorded at membrane potentials of -63.5(SD 7.6) mV (n = 16) in J-cells, and at membrane potentials of -74.9(4.3) mV (n = 9) in ventricular muscle cells. Triggered activations appeared on both secondary plateaus with the earliest site of activation at J-cells (n = 12), at ventricular muscle cells (n = 4), or in both (n = 6). Tetrodotoxin (3-9 × 10−7 M) and verapamil (1 × 10−6−10−5 M) suppressed triggered activations. Conclusion: The PVJ zone appears to be an important site for the generation of triggered activations. Interventions suggest that triggered activations originating in the J-cell depend on delayed repolarisations which trigger the activation of sodium and/or calcium channels. Cardiovascular Research 1994; 28 :1277-1284
Parallel Computations of Nongray Radiative Heat Transfer

ABSTRACT Nongray radiative transfer calculations are demonstrated on parallel computers by spatially decomposing the discrete ordinates method to solve the radiative transport equation (RTE). The predictions from coupling different property models with the RTE are compared against benchmarks for model problems. A validation metric is employed to quantify the agreement with the benchmarks. The weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model, and Patch mean absorption coefficients extracted from a narrow-band model (RADCAL), gave the most accurate results. However, the shortcomings of employing these two models in a combustion simulation are recognized. The robustness of the parallel algorithm is demonstrated through scaling studies.
Oculomotor consequences of abrupt object onsets and offsets: Onsets dominate oculomotor capture

Previous research has shown that the appearance of an object (onset) and the disappearance of an object (offset) have the ability to influence the allocation of covert attention. To determine whether both onsets and offsets have the ability to influence eye movements, a series of experiments was conducted in which participants had to make goal-directed eye movements to a color singleton target in the presence of an irrelevant onset/offset. In accord with previous research, onsets had the ability to capture the eyes. The offset of an object demonstrated little or no ability to interrupt goal-directed eye movements to the target. Two experiments in which the effects of onsets and offsets on covert attention were examined suggest that offsets do not capture the eyes, because they have a lesser ability to capture covert attention than do onsets. A number of other studies that have shown strong effects of offsets on attention have used offsets that were uncorrelated with target position (i.e., nonpredictive), whereas we used onsets and offsets that never served as targets (i.e., antipredictive). The present results are consistent with a new-object theory of attentional capture in which onsets receive attentional priority over other types of changes in the visual environment.
Use of chemistry software to teach and assess model-based reaction and equation knowledge

This study investgated the challenges students face when learning chemical reactons in a frst-year chemistry course and the efectveness of a curriculum and sofware implementaton that was used to teach and assess student understanding of chemical reactons and equatons. This study took place over a two year period in a public suburban high-school, in southwestern USA. Two advanced placement (AP) chemistry classes partcipated, referred to here as study group A (year 1), N = 14; and study group B (year 2), N = 21. The curriculum for a frst-year chemistry course ( group A) was revised to include instructon on reacton-types. The second year of the study involved the creaton and implementaton of a sofware soluton which promoted mastery learning of reacton-types. Students in both groups benefted from the reacton-type curriculum and achieved profciency in chemical reactons and equatons. The fndings suggest there was an added learning beneft to using the reacton-type sofware soluton. This study also found that reacton knowledge was a moderate to strong predictor of chemistry achievement. Based on regression analysis, reacton knowledge signifcantly predicted chemistry achievement for both groups.
Distinct early molecular responses to mutations causing vLINCL and JNCL presage ATP synthase subunit C accumulation in cerebellar cells.

Variant late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (vLINCL), caused by CLN6 mutation, and juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), caused by CLN3 mutation, share clinical and pathological features, including lysosomal accumulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit c, but the unrelated CLN6 and CLN3 genes may initiate disease via similar or distinct cellular processes. To gain insight into the NCL pathways, we established murine wild-type and CbCln6nclf/nclf cerebellar cells and compared them to wild-type and CbCln3Δex7/8/Δex7/8 cerebellar cells. CbCln6nclf/nclf cells and CbCln3Δex7/8/Δex7/8 cells both displayed abnormally elongated mitochondria and reduced cellular ATP levels and, as cells aged to confluence, exhibited accumulation of subunit c protein in Lamp 1-positive organelles. However, at sub-confluence, endoplasmic reticulum PDI immunostain was decreased only in CbCln6nclf/nclf cells, while fluid-phase endocytosis and LysoTracker® labeled vesicles were decreased in both CbCln6nclf/nclf and CbCln3Δex7/8/Δex7/8 cells, though only the latter cells exhibited abnormal vesicle subcellular distribution. Furthermore, unbiased gene expression analyses revealed only partial overlap in the cerebellar cell genes and pathways that were altered by the Cln3Δex7/8 and Cln6nclf mutations. Thus, these data support the hypothesis that CLN6 and CLN3 mutations trigger distinct processes that converge on a shared pathway, which is responsible for proper subunit c protein turnover and neuronal cell survival.
Toward ultrasound molecular imaging with phase-change contrast agents: an in vitro proof of principle.

Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs), which normally consist of nanoscale or microscale droplets of liquid perfluorocarbons in an encapsulating shell, can be triggered to undergo a phase transition to the highly echogenic gaseous state upon the input of sufficient acoustic energy. As a result of the subsequent volumetric expansion, a number of unique applications have emerged that are not possible with traditional ultrasound microbubble contrast agents. Although many studies have explored the therapeutic aspects of the PCCA platform, few have examined the potential of PCCAs for molecular imaging purposes. In this study, we demonstrate a PCCA-based platform for molecular imaging using α(v)β(3)-targeted nanoscale PCCAs composed of low-boiling-point perfluorocarbons. In vitro, nanoscale PCCAs adhered to target cells, could be activated and imaged with a clinical ultrasound system and produced a six-fold increase in image contrast compared with non-targeted control PCCAs and a greater than fifty-fold increase over baseline. Data suggest that low-boiling-point nanoscale PCCAs could enable future ultrasound-based molecular imaging techniques in both the vascular and extravascular spaces.
Comparisons of the Cubed-Sphere Gravity Model with the Spherical Harmonics

The cubed-sphere gravitational model is a modification of a base model, e.g., the spherical harmonic model, to allow for the fast evaluation of acceleration. The model consists of concentric spheres, each mapped to the surface of a cube and combined with an appropriate interpolation scheme. The paper presents a brief description of the cubed-sphere model and a comparison of it with the spherical harmonic model. The model was configured to achieve a desired accuracy so that dynamical tests, e.g., evaluation of the integration constant, closely approximate that of the spherical harmonic model. The new model closely approximates the spherical harmonic model, with propagated orbits deviating by a fraction of a millimeter at or above feasible Earth-centered altitudes.
Study on the Safety of Bridge Structure

YangMingTan bridge is the longest and super large span river's bridge located on the north area of ChangJiang river in China .That is used on November 6,2011 which span from its north area of the intersection of the third road and ShiMao road. The south location is across the Songhua river channel and tricyclic elevated road linking. The length of the bridge is about 15.42 kilometers and the wide is 41.5 meters,. Two-way eight lane, the design speed of it is 80 kilometers, the biggest accommodation of which can meet the rush hour 9800/h motor vehicles passing.
Habitat management and closure of a nurse shark breeding and nursery ground

Abstract The nurse shark ( Ginglymostoma cirratum ) is a common resident of Florida and Caribbean waters. In spite of its prevalence, details of nurse shark life history and ecology are not well known. Ongoing studies have identified a population that undergoes mating and parturition in one specific site in the Florida Keys. Our tagging, observation, and filming have demonstrated that reproductive activities occur preferentially for some animals in very shallow coastal waters, and one such site became the study area. From our continuing investigations we have learned that mating activities of the sharks in this area are vulnerable to the disruptive effects of wading, diving, photography (electronic flash), boat traffic, and human presence during the times when mating occurs. To reduce disruptive activities during the mating season, a proposal to protect this mating and nursery grounds was submitted to the National Park Service. Three elements of protection that we felt were critical to implement were to: (1) recognize a specific area as unique and critical to the breeding success of the sharks, (2) restrict the public during times identified by our research as essential for mating, and (3) implement a program of public education.
Role of Vitamin D Receptor Activation in Racial Disparities in Kidney Disease Outcomes

Summary African Americans have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels compared with whites. African Americans also have a higher risk of developing albuminuria and end-stage renal disease but a lower risk of death once they commence hemodialysis compared with whites. Vitamin D levels have been associated with multiple outcomes including albuminuria, progression to end-stage renal disease, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In this review, we examine the evidence linking 25(OH)D to outcomes and the possibility that differential 25(OH)D may explain certain racial differences in outcomes.
Determination of basal rate of oxygen consumption by open and closed-circuit methods.

INTRODUCTION FOR many years the routine clinical measurement of basal metabolic rate (BMR) at this institution has been performed with the opencircuit method, as used to establish the Mayo Foundation Standards (1). However, newer laboratory methods for evaluating thyroid function, such as measurement of the protein-bound iodine concentration in serum and measurements utilizing radioiodine, now provide additional information. In evaluating the relative utility and complexity of the various procedures, the question arose as to the degree of accuracy provided by the “simpler” closed-circuit method for measuring oxygen consumption that is in almost universal clinical usage. The limitations of available data, as noted later in this paper, made it advisable to compare the results obtained by both open and closed-circuit methods in a series of patients having routine tests. In some cases the errors of the closed-circuit method were of clinical importance. The sources of these errors, including some that have not...
MEASURING JOB SATISFACTION WITH A MULTIPLE-CHOICE FORMAT OF THE JOB DESCRIPTIVE INDEX

This study used a modified version of the Job Descriptive Index to measure the job satisfaction levels of a sample of accountants affiliated with certified public accounting (CPA) firms. Summary statistics were provided for the measure of job satisfaction used. The association of the demographic measures of sex and tenure with firms to the measure of job satisfaction used was calculated. Men were more satisfied with the promotion dimension of job satisfaction than women. The pay dimension of job satisfaction was positively associated to tenure with firm. The measure of job satisfaction was highly negatively associated with intent to turnover.
Model-based virtual document generation

Virtual documents are hypermedia documents that are generated on demand in response to reader input. This paper describes a virtual document application that generates natural language explanations about the structure and behavior of electromechanical systems. The application, called DME, structures the interaction with the reader as a question?answer dialog. Each page of the hyperdocument is the answer to a question, and each link on each page is a follow-up question that leads to another answer. DME is amodel-basedvirtual document generator; unlike conventional database front-ends that provide views onto data, DME dynamically constructs the document's content (i.e. coherent explanations in English) from underlying mathematical and symbolic models. DME-based virtual documents have been running on the WWW since late 1993. They are used to document engineered systems in support of collaborative design and simulation-based training.In this paper we describe and demonstrate the DME application (with examples that run), and describe how it generates virtual documents on the web. We discuss the impact that model-based virtual documentation can have on the way technical documentation is authored and delivered.
THE EPR SPECTRUM OF BENZO(cd)PYRENYL

Abstract The neutral radical of the odd alternate hydrocarbon 3H-Benzo [cd] pyrene has been prepared and an EPR spectrum measured.
White-light flashlamp-pumped dye laser for photography through endoscopes

Abstract A white-light dye laser capable of delivering balanced outputs of up to 2 J at the end of a 1 mm diameter quartz fiber is described. The tricolor output is produced by three separate dye cells housed in a single coaxial flashlamp. The energy available is sufficient to take photographs of 100 cm 2 areas through 3 mm diameter endoscopes.
Acetylated and nonacetylated forms of β-endorphin in rat brain and pituitary

Abstract Extracts of rat posterior intermediate pituitary and extracts of brains from normal and hypophysectomized rats were separated by gel filtration chromatography and fractions were analyzed by both a classical β-endorphin radioimmunoassay and by a radioimmunoassay specific for α-N-acetyl β-endorphin. In posterior intermediate pituitary extracts, more than 90 percent of the β-endorphin-sized immunoreactive material was α-N-acetylated. In extracts of brains from normal rats, less than 2 percent of the β-endorphin-sized immunoreactive material corresponded to α-N-acetylβ-endorphin, whereas in brains from hypophysectomized animals, no α-N-acetylβ-endorphin-like material could be detected. Immunofluorescence on normal brain sections, using either affinity purified antibodies to α-N-acetylβ-endorphin or conventional β-endorphin antibodies, showed no α-N-acetylβ-endorphin immunoreactivity in β-endorphin neurons. Only in brain sections which had been acetylated in vitro prior to immunostaining could α-N-acetylβ-endorphin-like material be detected in the β-endorphin neurons. These results suggest that—in contrast to the cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary—the β-endorphin in brain neurons is not α-N-acetylated and that the small amount of α-N-acetyl β-endorphin which can be found in extracts of brains from normal animals is probably of pituitary origin.
Does ductal carcinoma in situ accompanying invasive carcinoma affect prognosis

Background Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) often accompanies invasive breast cancer. The prognostic implication of this is unclear. We sought to determine whether concomitant DCIS affects outcomes in patients with invasive disease. Methods A nested cohort study was performed of 1,709 invasive breast cancer patients. Clinicopathologic data, along with survival and recurrence data, were collected prospectively. Results Concomitant DCIS was noted in 434 (25.4%) patients. Median follow-up was 59 months. On univariate analysis, the presence of DCIS was associated with a trend toward improved 5-year disease-free survival (93.6% vs 90.5%; P = .089) and overall survival (95.3% vs 92.6%; P = .058). Further, DCIS was associated with younger patient age (median 65 vs 68 years; P Conclusion Although the presence of DCIS is often associated with favorable features, it is not an independent predictor of improved outcome in patients with concomitant invasive breast cancer.
Carotid endarterectomy. Which patients can benefit

Carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis is valuable for some patients, but not all. Results of clinical trials in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients provide guidance on use of this common vascular procedure. The authors of this article describe the controversies and concerns with the procedure and give their recommendations based on study results.
Reactions of poly(phenylene oxide)s with quinones. I. The quinone-coupling reaction between low-molecular-weight poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone

A bifunctional polymer is formed when low-molecular-weight poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (I) reacts with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone (II). Infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromotography (GPC) measurements indicate that the quinone is bound covalently to the polymer chain as a biphenyl moiety which can be located at a terminal position (III, a = 0) or an internal position (III, a > 0): Acetylation of III produces a diacetate ester characterized by field desorption mass spectrometry to confirm the bifunctional nature of III. The reaction of I with II proceeds at 25°C but is faster at elevated temperatures or with amine catalysis. Oxidation of III with oxygen and a copper/amine catalyst of the type used initially to prepare I regenerates II from the biphenyl moiety in III in high yield and converts the remaining oxyphenylene units to high-molecular-weight polymer.
Scalable computation of distributions from large scale data sets

As we approach the era of exascale computing, the role of distributions to summarize, analyze and visualize large scale data is becoming more and more important. Since histograms continue to be a popular way of modeling the underlying data distribution, we propose a scalable and distributed framework for computing histograms from scalar and vector data at different levels of detail required by various types of analysis algorithms. We present efficient parallel techniques for histogram computation from regular as well as rectilinear grid data. We also study a technique called cross-validation to estimate the quality of computed histograms as a model of the actual data distribution. We parallelize cross-validation in a scalable manner to support histogram evaluation and selection of histogram parameters such as number of bins. We also present our distributed software framework for supporting science applications which require large scale distribution-based data analysis. The presented case studies highlight how the proposed algorithms and the related software benefit information theoretic and other distribution-driven analysis.
K-shell vacancy production in collisions of aluminum, silicon, chlorine, and argon ions with solid and gas targets

K-shell vacancy-sharing ratios have been measured for beams of aluminum, silicon, chlorine, and argon with energies between 0.7 and 16 MeV incident on solid targets of aluminum and copper, and gas targets of sulphur and argon. Values of these sharing ratios as a function of the reciprocal of the velocity of the incident ions have been observed to deviate from predicted exponential behavior under experimental conditions such that the deviations cannot be ascribed to multiple-collision effects. Results are presented for measurements of sigma (2psigma), the cross section for production of vacancies in the 2psigma molecular orbital, and of sigma (1ssigma), the cross section for direct production of vacancies in the 1ssigma molecular orbital, for aluminum ions with kinetic energies between 0.7 and 2.5 MeV incident on argon atoms. Comparisons are made between these measured cross sections and appropriate calculations.
Crystal field effects in mantle minerals

The behavior of Fe2+ in the lower mantle will depend on the effects of crystal fields. A point charge model, scaled to fit observed spectra at low pressures is developed to predict these effects. Two of the three parameters needed to predict spin-pairing transitions can only be determined from spin-forbidden electronic transitions. The spectra of garnet, gillespite and peridot are examined and found to have such absorption features. Assignment of these spectra leads to values of the Racah parameters, B and C, as well as the crystal field parameter Dq. A new experimental technique, which allows the measurement of optical absorption spectra of solids in the visible region during shock loading, is described. Results are discussed for periclase and ruby. The ruby data indicate that the point charge model is good to at least 15 percent (volume) compression. The effects of low-spin Fe2+ in the earth's lower mantle are investigated in considerable detail. The existence of low-spin Fe2+ permits the formation of a separate phase since Mg2+ and low-spin Fe2+ may not form solid solutions. The bulk elastic behavior of such phases is predicted from volume-bulk modulus systematics and compared with available shock wave data. It is likely that the high pressure phases of several ferrous iron compounds involve low-spin Fe2+ Iron will be spin-paired in the mantle below 1200 km and likely at higher levels as well. The observed density and bulk modulus in the lower mantle are inconsistent with any combination of phases in a pyrolite bulk composition but can be fit quite well by a model with all Fe2+ spin-paired below 630 km and nearly olivine composition at that depth, with MgO decreasing to almost a pyroxene composition at the core. An origin of the upper mantle from the lower mantle by chemical fractionation is proposed. The spin-pairing of Fe2+ provides an excellent mechanism for both iron and silicon enrichment in the lower mantle by partial melting yielding a pyrolite upper mantle, and hence, a chemically inhomogeneous mantle. This removes the motivation for reducing FeO and SiO2 in the mantle to supply Fe and Si for the core.