cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proofs Without Words III: Further Exercises in Visual Thinking

Proofs without words (PWWs) are figures or diagrams that help the reader see why a particular mathematical statement is true, and how one might begin to formally prove it true. PWWs are not new; many date back to classical Greece, ancient China, and medieval Europe and the Middle East. PWWs have been regular features of the MAA journals Mathematics Magazine and The College Mathematics Journal for many years, and the MAA published the collections of PWWs Proofs Without Words: Exercises in Visual Thinking in 1993 and Proofs Without Words II: More Exercises in Visual Thinking in 2000. This book is the third such collection of PWWs.The proofs in the book are divided by topic into five chapters: Geometry & Algebra; Trigonometry, Calculus & Analytic Geometry; Inequalities; Integers & Integer Sums; and Infinite Series & Other Topics. The proofs in the book are intended primarily for the enjoyment of the reader, however, teachers will want to use them with students at many levels: high school courses from algebra through precalculus and calculus; college level courses in number theory, combinatorics, and discrete mathematics; and pre-service and in-service courses for teachers.
Design and Application of Sensors for Chemical Cytometry.

The bulk cell population response to a stimulus, be it a growth factor or a cytotoxic agent, neglects the cell-to-cell variability that can serve as a friend or as a foe in human biology. Biochemical variations among closely related cells furnish the basis for the adaptability of the immune system but also act as the root cause of resistance to chemotherapy by tumors. Consequently, the ability to probe for the presence of key biochemical variables at the single-cell level is now recognized to be of significant biological and biomedical impact. Chemical cytometry has emerged as an ultrasensitive single-cell platform with the flexibility to measure an array of cellular components, ranging from metabolite concentrations to enzyme activities. We briefly review the various chemical cytometry strategies, including recent advances in reporter design, probe and metabolite separation, and detection instrumentation. We also describe strategies for improving intracellular delivery, biochemical specificity, metabolic...
Impacts and Best Management Practices for Erect Veldtgrass (Ehrharta erecta)

Erect veldtgrass (Ehrharta erecta Lam.) is an invasive grass actively spreading in California that is capable of invading multiple habitats. Our objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the ecology, impacts, and potential for control of E. erecta in order to guide management practices. In a mixed-evergreen forest in Santa Cruz County, we measured impacts of E. erecta on native plant species richness and abundance in an observational comparison across 11 sites. Strikingly, we measured nearly four times greater total vegetation cover in plots invaded by E. erecta. However, native plants were not significantly less abundant in invaded plots than in reference plots, and native cover was not significantly predicted by E. erecta cover within invaded plots. We did, however, find evidence of change in community composition in response to E. erecta abundance. Our findings demonstrate that native species can persist in the presence of E. erecta, although the long-term impacts on populations of the perennial plants that dominate this forest understory are still unknown.We also compared the effectiveness of mechanical (hand pulling with volunteers) and chemical (glyphosate) management methods. Twenty-two months following management treatments, we found substantial reductions in E. erecta using both mechanical and herbicide treatments, but herbicide application also produced greater reductions in native species cover and species richness. Transplanting native yerba buena [Clinopodium douglasii (Benth.) Kuntze] into management plots following treatment did not slow regrowth of E. erecta. It did, however, increase total native plant percent cover in herbicide and pull treatments, although largely by increasing C. douglasii cover. Effective management is possible using either manual or chemical removal methods; the optimal method may depend on the availability of manual labor and the sensitivity of the habitat to non-target effects on native plants.
Legitimating Private Sector Risk Analysis: A U.S.-European Comparison

Since the Second World War, the governments of the advanced industrial nations have been called upon to assume increasing responsibility for protecting the public against technological risks. The spate of environmental and health and safety laws enacted in many Western countries during the 1970s attests to the widespread popular demand for a strong governmental role in risk regulation. Although these laws reflect similar public concerns in Europe and the U. S., they differ substantially in the way they allocate risk assessment and management functions between the public and the private sector. I use the terms risk assessment and risk management here as defined in a recent National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report:
From Confucius to Ancestors

In this ambitious and accomplished book, Albert Wu sets out to answer the following intriguing questions: Why did German missionaries, both Protestant and Catholic, change their view of Confucianis...
Regional Variation in Nonoperative Therapy Utilization for Symptomatic Lumbar Stenosis and Spondylolisthesis: A 2-Year Costs Analysis:

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objectives:To characterize regional variations in maximal nonoperative therapy (MNT) costs in patients suffering from lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis.Me...
Focus on Early Events: Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Development

Significance: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature characterized by the proliferation of all vascular wall cell types, including endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts. The disease rapidly advances into a form with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, leading to a rapid increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which results in right heart failure. Recent Advances: Most current research in the PAH field has been focused on the late stage of the disease, largely due to an urgent need for patient treatment options in clinics. Further, the pathobiology of PAH is multifaceted in the advanced disease, and there has been promising recent progress in identifying various pathological pathways related to the late clinical picture. Critical Issues: Early stage PAH still requires additional attention from the scientific community, and although the survival of patients with early diagnosis is comparatively higher, the disease develops in patients asymptomatically, making it difficult to identify and treat early. Future Directions: There are several reasons to focus on the early stage of PAH. First, the complexity of late stage disease, owing to multiple pathways being activated in a complex system with intra- and intercellular signaling, leads to an unclear picture of the key contributors to the pathobiology. Second, an understanding of early pathophysiological events can increase the ability to identify PAH patients earlier than what is currently possible. Third, the prompt diagnosis of PAH would allow for the therapy to start earlier, which has proved to be a more successful strategy, and it ensures better survival in PAH patients.
Physical Layer Encryption for Wireless OFDM Communication Systems

Our everyday lives are impacted by the widespread adoption of wireless communication systems integral to residential, industrial, and commercial settings. Devices must be secure and reliable to support the emergence of large scale heterogeneous networks. Higher layer encryption techniques such as Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA/WPA2) are vulnerable to threats, including even the latest WPA3 release. Physical layer security leverages existing components of the physical or PHY layer to provide a low-complexity solution appropriate for wireless devices. This work presents a PHY layer encryption technique based on frequency induction for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals to increase security against eavesdroppers. The secure transceiver consists of a key to frequency shift mapper, encryption module, and modified synchronizer for decryption. The system has been implemented on a Virtex-7 FPGA. The additional hardware overhead incurred on the Virtex-7 for both the transmitter and the receiver is low. Both simulation and hardware evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of providing secure communication from an eavesdropper with no decrease in performance as compared with the baseline case of a standard OFDM transceiver. The techniques developed in this paper provide greater security to OFDM-based wireless communication systems.
Doping Li-rich cathode material Li 2 MnO 3 : Interplay between lattice site preference, electronic structure, and delithiation mechanism

We report a detailed first-principles study of doping in ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, in both the dilute doping limit and heavy doping, using hybrid density-functional calculations. We find that Al, Fe, Mo, and Ru impurities are energetically most favorable when incorporated into ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ at the Mn site, whereas Mg is most favorable when doped at the Li sites. Nickel, on the other hand, can be incorporated at the Li site and/or the Mn site, and the distribution of Ni over the lattice sites can be tuned by tuning the material preparation conditions. There is a strong interplay among the lattice site preference and charge and spin states of the dopant, the electronic structure of the doped material, and the delithiation mechanism. The calculated electronic structure and voltage profile indicate that in Ni-, Mo-, or Ru-doped ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, oxidation occurs on the electrochemically active transition-metal ion(s) before it does on oxygen during the delithiation process. The role of the dopants is to provide charge compensation and bulk electronic conduction mechanisms in the initial stages of delithiation, hence enabling the oxidation of the lattice oxygen in the later stages. This work thus illustrates how the oxygen-oxidation mechanism can be used in combination with the conventional mechanism involving transition-metal cations in design of high-capacity battery cathode materials.
Linguistic Inversion and Numerical Estimation

Number line estimation (NLE) performance is usually believed to depend on the magnitudes of presented numerals, rather than on the particular digits instantiating those magnitudes. Recent research, however, shows that NLE placements differ considerably for target numerals with nearly identical magnitudes, but instantiated with different leftmost digits. Here we investigate whether this left digit effect may be due, in part, to the ordering of digits in number words. In English, the leftmost digit of an Arabic numeral is spoken first (“forty-one”), but Dutch number words are characterized by the inversion property: the rightmost digit of a two-digit number word is spoken first (“eenenveertig” – one and forty in Dutch). Participants (N = 40 Dutch-English bilinguals and N = 20 English-speaking monolinguals) completed a standard 0-100 NLE task. Target numerals were read aloud by an experimenter in either English or Dutch. Preregistered analyses revealed a strong left digit effect in monolingual English speakers’ estimates: e.g., 41 was placed more than two units to the right of 39. No left digit effect was observed among Dutch-English bilingual participants tested in either language. These findings are consistent with the idea that the order in which digits are spoken might influence multi-digit number processing, and suggests linguistic influences on numerical estimation performance.
Essential, fragile, and invisible community food infrastructure: The role of urban governments in the United States

Abstract Community advocates and some scholars have argued that metropolitan food systems are central yet fragile food infrastructure. While recent events have suddenly laid this bare for many, it has been a matter of long-time concern to community advocates and scholars alike. Until recently, much of the food system has remained invisible to subnational policy makers. Within the past decade, an increasing number of urban local governments are heeding persistent calls from advocates and scholars to address the sustainability of metropolitan food systems in the United States. This paper provides a national overview of how urban local governments are engaging in policy for food systems (production, middle infrastructure, and retail and food service) across the United States. Results of a national survey of urban planners suggest that food systems policy is gaining attention, but progress needs to be made. While urban governments are prioritizing retail and food service and food production (both visible on the landscape), less attention is paid to the middle infrastructure that helps build self-reliance and resiliency by connecting production with consumption and building larger markets. Results also suggest that policy tools used by local governments are overregulating and underinvesting in food systems. Finally, the role of local governments supporting essential food system workers through planning and policy is raised.
Case study of a driven pile foundation in diatomaceous soil. I: Site characterization and engineering properties

ABSTRACT Diatomaceous soils are comprised of the silica frustules of diatom microalgae that are present in marine and lacustrine environments throughout the world. Owing to their unique origin, diatomaceous soils are typically characterized by high intraparticle porosity, complex particle shapes, and uniform mineralogy, causing them to exhibit atypical physical and engineering behaviors. A substantial deposit of diatomaceous silt was observed during site exploration for construction of the Buck Creek Bridge on OR140 near Klamath Falls, OR, USA. A comprehensive laboratory and in situ testing program indicated that the diatomaceous soil possessed “non-textbook” engineering properties. Specifically, tested samples had high liquid limits (≈100%-140%) with natural water contents at or near the liquid limit. Geologically, the soil is expected to be normally consolidated, yet high apparent overconsolidation ratios (OCR) (≈15-40) were observed both in oedometric consolidation tests and through cone penetration test (CPT) correlations. Standard penetration test (SPT) results show a corrected standard penetration resistance consistent with a medium-dense sand (i.e. N160≈25). CPT results include corrected tip resistances (qt) of approximately 7-10 MPa and excess pore pressures (u2) of up to 4 MPa. In CPT dissipation tests, pore water pressures (PWPs) returned to hydrostatic pressure in less than one hour. In this work, we synthesize these seemingly disparate material properties in an attempt to infer appropriate engineering properties for the diatomaceous deposit at the Buck Creek Bridge and attempt to provide insight into the underlying reasons for the observed behavior.
Crossing the Threshold: First Impressions in Psychoanalysis and Negotiation

This paper explores the role that first impressions play in two different relational contexts: psychodynamic treatment and negotiation. Although the goals of therapy and negotiation are very different, both endeavors rest on the capacity of the participants to engage in a process of constructive dialogue, and “to get things done” via a relationship. We argue for the utility of an interdisciplinary conversation between psychoanalysis and negotiation, and specifically suggest that exploring these similarities and differences about first steps in building a working relationship may be instructive for practitioners in both professions.
Flight to quality and bailouts : policy remarks and a literature review

Flight to quality episodes involve a combination of extreme risk- or uncertainty-aversion, weaknesses in the balance sheets of key financial intermediaries, and strategic or speculative behavior, that increases credit spreads on all but the safest and most liquid assets. Unlike previous episodes, the entire U.S. financial system is currently at the center of the trouble, with no safe haven pockets, which may lead to greater real effects. The U.S. government's credit is still impeccable, which facilitates policies in support of the financial system. Policy must take into account incentives for behavior during the crisis, discouraging excessive prudence, which sometimes implies relegating post-crisis moral hazard concerns to a secondary role.
Inflammatory leukocytic recruitment and diffuse neuronal degeneration are separate pathological processes resulting from traumatic brain injury

The present study characterized whether inflammatory leukocytic infiltration is temporally and regionally correlated with neuronal degeneration and/or blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown resulting from traumatic brain injury. Adult rats were sacrificed at 5 min, 2, 4, 12, 24, and 72 hr after lateral fluid percussion brain injury. BBB breakdown, neuronal degeneration and leukocyte infiltration were assessed using immunocytochemistry, silver impregnation and toluidine blue and eosin staining. BBB breakdown and neuronal degeneration occurred concomitantly in injured cortex, hippocampus, and along the dorsolateral quadrant of the diencephalon. However, neuronal degeneration within deep diencephalic structures transpired in the absence of IgG extravasation. Neutrophils were observed only in regions exhibiting BBB damage and were first apparent in injured cortex and hippocampus between 2-12 hr posttrauma lining the vasculature and filling subarachnoid/subdural spaces. Neutrophils then migrated from damaged vasculature into traumatized cortical and hippocampal parenchyma by 24 hr after lateral fluid percussion injury. Macrophages were also observed within cortical parenchyma at 24 hr and completely filled the cortical lesion site by 72 hr after injury. Macrophages were not as abundant throughout hippocampal parenchyma and were found only in hippocampal regions exhibiting focal hemorrhage at 72 hr. Finally, neutrophils did not migrate to deep diencephalic structures that showed no BBB damage despite extensive neuronal degeneration. Indeed, lateral fluid percussion elicits inflammatory leukocytic recruitment only in regions experiencing concomitant BBB damage and neuronal degeneration. In summary, inflammatory leukocytic recruitment and diffuse neuronal degeneration are separate pathological processes resulting from traumatic brain injury.
Book Review: Reaching and Teaching Students in Poverty

In his recently published book, Reaching and Teaching Students in Poverty: Strategies for Erasing the Opportunity Gap, Paul Gorski critically addresses concepts that perpetuate stereotypes of those categorized as members of the “culture of poverty.” This review provides a highlight of each chapter to illustrate some key concepts and teaching strategies that Gorski examines in his book.
The Development of a Conceptual Model for Evaluating Dental Patient Satisfaction

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to identify levels and predictors of patient satisfaction and develop a conceptual model for dental patient satisfaction in military treatment facilities. Respondents completed 658,443 surveys during 17 fiscal quarters, beginning with the fourth quarter of 2000. The final data set contained 309,261 surveys, with no missing data. Principal component factor analysis was used for data reduction and hierarchical multiple linear regression to assess the predictive effects of the dependent variables on the two independent variables: (1) overall satisfaction with today's visit and (2) overall satisfaction with the clinic. On a 7-point, bipolar adjective rating scale, patients' mean score was 6.53 regarding satisfaction with visit, suggesting that patients are highly satisfied. Patients' beliefs about care received and environment of care were the most important satisfaction attributes. These findings are useful in educating providers about the relationship of consumer satis...
17O MQMAS NMR studies of Na-A and Ca-A

We report, for the first time, 17O MQMAS and 17O/23Na double resonance NMR studies on calcium-exchanged zeolite sodium-A; the results show that the isotropic shifts of the framework sites are strongly affected by factors including the hydration level and nature of the charge-balancing cations.
A tutorial on X10 and its implementation

This talk will present a high-level introduction to the X10 language and its implementation with the goal of ensuring a common base knowledge of X10 by all workshop attendees. The X10 language will be introduced primarily via code examples with a focus on X10's support for concurrency and distribution via the APGAS (Asynchronous Partitioned Global Address Space) programming model. The discussion of the X10 implementation will cover the structure of the X10 compiler and the X10 runtime system. The talk is designed to be interactive and will include time for questions and answers and general discussion.
An Approach for Practical Multiobjective IMRT Treatment Planning

Purpose: To introduce and demonstrate a practical multiobjective treatment planning procedure for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning. Methods and Materials: The creation of a database of Pareto optimal treatment plans proceeds in two steps. The first step solves an optimization problem that finds a single treatment plan which is close to a set of clinical aspirations. This plan provides an example of what is feasible, and is then used to determine mutually satisfiable hard constraints for the subsequent generation of the plan database. All optimizations are done using linear programming. Results: The two-step procedure is applied to a brain, a prostate, and a lung case. The plan databases created allow for the selection of a final treatment plan based on the observed tradeoffs between the various organs involved. Conclusions: The proposed method reduces the human iteration time common in IMRT treatment planning. Additionally, the database of plans, when properly viewed, allows the decision maker to make an informed final plan selection.
Epidemiologic research—1964–1967

Epidemiologic research on dental caries, periodontal disease, cleft lip and palate, and on malocclusion are discussed.
Crystal and molecular structure of tetra-t-butoxytriberyllium bistetrahydroborate☆

Abstract Tetra-t-butoxytriberyllium bistetrahydroborate, C16H44 Be3B2O4, crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell, space group A 2 a with a = 17.116(5) A , b = 9.241(3) A , c = 16.900(4) A , β = 113.46(2)° and Z = 4 . The single crystal X-ray diffraction MoKα data consisted of 2384 hkl intensities, collected with an automated diffractometer. The structure was solved by combination of direct and Fourier methods and refined to R = 0.065. The linearly arranged beryllium atoms are linked by the oxygen atoms of the four tertiary butoxy groups. Each of the two tetra-hydroborate groups is joined to an outer beryllium atom by two hydrogen bridges.
Novel slc22 transporter homologs in fly, worm, and human clarify the phylogeny of organic anion and cation transporters

Slc22 family organic anion and cation transporters (OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs) are transmembrane proteins expressed predominantly in kidney and liver. These proteins mediate the uptake or excretion of ...
Scheduling preventive maintenance for modular designed components: A dynamic approach

One of the benefits of modular design is ease-of-service. While modular design helps simplify field maintenance, extensive depot maintenance and spare modules are required to support the field maintenance. This study develops a dynamic approach for scheduling preventive maintenance at a depot with the limited availability of spare modules and other constraints. A backward allocation algorithm is proposed and applied to scheduling the preventive maintenance of an engine module installed in T-59 advanced jet trainers in the Republic of Korea Air Force. The algorithm developed by this study can be used to solve similar problems for various systems such as aerospace vehicles, heavy machinery, and medical equipment. The contribution of this study includes the uniqueness of the algorithm, the flexibility to deal with variables changing over time, and the ability to incorporate additional variables to handle complex situations.
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection in twin infants

Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, previously known as Streptococcus bovis biotype II.2, is an uncommon pathogen in neonates. Nevertheless, it can cause severe neonatal sepsis and meningitis often clinically indistinguishable from those caused by group B streptococci and has been associated with considerable morbidity. We report the first known cases of S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection in twin infants.
Learning hybrid Bayesian networks from data

The main goal of this research is to generalize current techniques for learning Bayesian networks (BNs) from data to domains containing mixtures of continuous and discrete variables—learning hybrid Bayesian networks for short. To this end, a distinction is made between two learning tasks: (i) the causal discovery task, whereby the main goal is the discovery of interesting structural patterns in the data; and (ii) the classification task, whereby the prediction accuracy with respect to the class variable is the main goal. This distinction of tasks leads in turn to the definition of different techniques for their accomplishment. With regard to the causal discovery task, our approach is based on the discretization of the data, and on the subsequent parameterization of the discovered structure (or structures) based on the original non-discretized data. We propose new methods for the multivariate discretization of continuous variables, whereby variable interaction is taken into account. The defined discretization methods are incorporated into a procedure for learning hybrid BNs. With regard to the classification task, we use restricted BN models, whereby the structural form of the BN used is fixed or strictly constrained and the search focuses on its parameterization. We propose a new BN classifier that builds upon the naive-Bayes classifier and the finite-mixture classifier; its structure is defined so as to relax the modeling assumptions on which its component models are based. The hypothesis to be tested is that (i) for the causal discovery task, structure search based on discretized data will yield more accurate BN structures than structure search based on nondiscretized data; and (ii) for the classification task, the proposed BN classifier will achieve better classification performance than its component models, and it will allow for the direct handling of continuous variables. The experimental results provide evidence that the multivariate discretization of the continuous attributes allows for the induction of BN models more structurally accurate than the ones induced based on non-discretized data, and that the proposed BN classifier outperforms its component models both in terms of classification accuracy and of calibration.
Testicular steroidogenesis in the mature and immature baboon Papio anubis.

Abstract The following studies were undertaken to compare testicular steroidogenesis in the mature and immature baboon. Testicular fragments (50 mg) were incubated for 3 hr with [7- 3 H]pregnenolone, or with [7- 3 H]progesterone. The mature testis formed more testosterone (4.6%), androstenedione (1.6%), and progesterone (28.5%) from pregnenolone than did the immature testis (0.6, 0.5, and 26.1%). The immature testis formed more 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (34.7%) and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (23.2%) from pregnenolone than did the mature testis. Similar conversions were obtained in progesterone incubates. 5α-Androstanediol was identified only in mature incubates. These results suggest that the mature baboon testis has greater C 17 -C 20 lyase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 5α-reductase activities than the immature testis, while the immature testis has greater 20α-reductase activity.
Concentration of adenovirus from seawater

Abstract Factors influencing adenovirus 5 recovery from seawater by virus concentrator methods were determined. A 19,000-fold concentration of 25 gal samples with a theoretical recovery efficiency of 90% was possible with input multiplicities of 1000 TCID 50 units ml −1 . Pre-treatment of orlon and cellulose acetate filters with beef extract or tween 80 solutions promoted adenovirus passage during sample clarification. Adenovirus adsorbed to textile and epoxy fiberglass filters at acid pH. Adsorption to textile filters was enhanced by 0–05 m MgCl 2 . No salt enhancement was necessary for adsorption to epoxy fiberglass filters. Adenovirus was recovered from adsorbent filters following elution with 3% beef extract solution adjusted to pH 9.0. Adenovirus was reconcentrated from beef extract eluates by aqueous polymer phase separation. Actual recovery of 106 PFU of adenovirus from 50 gal of a waste treatment plant effluent was made with the modified virus concentrator procedure developed in the study.
Analysis of the band components of hypersensitive absorptive transitions of erbium (III) in various solvents

Abstract The multiplet-to-multiplet hypersensitive transition in Er(III), 4 I 15 2 → 2 H 11 2 is decomposed into 4 components. The previously derived Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters ( Ω λ ) are used to determine the values for the 〈∥Uλ∥〉2 of each individual band. The band centered at 520 nm is found to have the 〈∥U2∥〉2 of greatest magnitude, and appears to be the most sensitive component of the transition.
The relationship between extraversion and time of data collection

According to Eysenck's theory introverts, because they are cautious or low in impulsivity, should fulfill their mandatory experimental credit hours by volunteering for experiments early in the semester while extraverts should wait until the last minute. Data collected during the 5th and 15th week of the semester and after the semester was completed provide modest support for the hypothesis. Extraversion scores for the last session were significantly higher than the prior four sessions in an a priori contrast (t = 3.48, df = 152, P < 0.001) but scores from the 15th week while higher than the 5th, were not significantly higher (t = 1.30, df = 152, P = 0.20).
The dynamical oscillation and propulsion of magnetic fields in the convective zone of a star. II - Thermal shadows. III - Accumulation of heat and the onset of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability

The dynamics of thermal shadows which develop in the convective zone of a star around an insulating obstacle such as a horizontal band in intense magnetic field are studied. The depth of the shadow on the cool side of the obstacle is found to depend largely on the width of the obstacle multiplied by the temperature gradient. Thermal shadows pressing fields up to 10,000 G downward against the bottom of the convective zone are produced by the broad bands of the azimuthal field in the sun's convective zone. In the third part, the time-dependent accumulation of heat beneath a thermal barrier simulating such a band in the lower convective zone of the sun is considered. The resulting Rayleigh-Taylor instability is shown to cause tongues of heated gas to penetrate upward through the field, providing the emerging magnetic fields that give rise to the activity of the sun.
Partitioned Scheduling of Implicit-deadline Sporadic Task Systems under Multiple Resource Constraints

On many multiprocessor platforms each individual processor may have limited amounts of several different kinds of resources such as computing capacity, local memory, and network bandwidth. In order to partition tasks effectively upon such platforms the partitioning algorithm should be cognizant of all the resource constraints. We present and evaluate an algorithm for partitioning a collection of implicit-deadline sporadic tasks upon a multiprocessor platform in a manner that is cognizant of multiple such resource constraints.
The effect of local political culture on policing behaviors in the 1990s: A retest of Wilson’s theory in more contemporary times

In research on policing, James Q. Wilson was among the first scholars to suggest that local political culture constitutes a significant factor in explaining variation among law enforcement agency practices. Almost forty years after the publication of Varieties of Police Behavior, a classic study of police organizational behavior, Wilson's monograph remains the basis of a widely held theory used to explain variation in police agency behaviors. More specifically, Wilson (1968) identified three distinctive styles of policing: the legalistic, the watchman, and the service styles. In his empirical work with these styles of policing, Wilson argued that local political culture was the major determinant of variation in policing styles. The purpose of this study was to retest the validity of Wilson's argument in today's policing environment. Using panel data collected among police agencies across the U.S. surveyed in 1993, 1996, and 2000, the authors found that there was little evidence to support the application of Wilson's theory to the practices of contemporary police organizations.
Measurement of the rate coefficient of H+O2+M→HO2+M for M=Ar and N2 at high pressures

OH mole fraction profiles were measured using cw UV laser absorption in shock-heated mixtures of H2/O2/Ar/N2 between 1260 and 1375 K at 50, 68, and 115 atm. Rate coefficients for the reaction H+O2+M→HO2+M, M=Ar and N2 were inferred by comparison of measured OH profiles with OH profiles modeled using the GRI-Mech v1.2 mechanism. The rate coefficient data were fit with pressure-dependent expressions that use k∞ and Fcent from Cobos et al. [3]. For M=Ar, the measured third-order rate coefficients are consistent with a pressure-dependent expression that uses k0=7×1017T−0.8 [cm6/mol2/s] from GRI-Mech v1.2. For M=N2, the present data, when combined with the lower-temperature value of Bromly et al. [15], are consistent with a pressure-dependent expression that uses k0=2.6×1019T−1.24 [cm6/mol2/s] over the temperature range of 700–1375 K. This expression yields k0 values that are substantially higher than the GRI-Mech v1.2 recommendation but consistent with previous flow reactor, flame, and shock tube data and the review of Baulch et al. [24].
Turning the Tide: How a Small Band of Allied Sailors Defeated the U‐Boats and Won the Battle of the Atlantic. By Ed Offley. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2012. Pp. xxviii, 478. $18.99.)

Ed Offley is a US Navy veteran who served on the USS Midway during the Vietnam War and has been a military‐reporting specialist since 1981 for newspapers and online publications. In this study he e...
PW02-002 - Single MVK mutation and recurrent fevers

HyperIgD syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the MVK gene. While mutations in most patients follow autosomal recessive inheritance, we have identified a cohort of patients with recurrent fevers and only 1 mutation in the MVK gene.
Electrical properties of bilayer lipid membranes containing iodine and iodide, investigated by cyclic voltammetry

Abstract The conduction properties of lecithin bilayer membranes in iodine-containing solutions are examined from a potentiodynamic experimental approach. Voltammetric data obtained by using a variety of forms (derived from charge-transfer type interactions) of iodide implicate the triiodide ion as the charge carrier accounting for the diffusion-limited voltammetric response whereas the charge transport of iodide seems to be limited by transmembrane diffusion. The data are used to support one of the many proposed mechanisms for conductance of iodide in membranes.
Furosemide-induced hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and arterial lesions in nonarteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic rats

Male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats, with and without arteriosclerosis, were subjected to chronic treatment with furosemide for 4 weeks. Furosemide-treated rats manifested increased adrenal and kidney weights along with an increase in blood pressure; rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis showed considerable reduction in heart and body weights. Furosemide-treated animals displayed an increase in circulating levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, free fatty acids, glucose, BUN and uric acid. Circulating levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and corticosterone were subnormal, whereas aldosterone was distinctly elevated. Despite these metabolic derangements, de novo arterial disease did not appear in virgin rats without pre-existing arterial disease. However, furosemide-treated virgin rats did develop grossly visible apical and left-ventricular foci of myocardial necrosis, i.e., 12% in males, 9% in female virgins. Breeder rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis manifested exacerbation of their arterial disease, e.g., intimal calcification of the epicardial coronary arteries along with foci of myocardial fibrosis and islet beta-cell granule depletion. Adrenocortical lipid alterations appeared in all animals treated with furosemide. It is suggested that this spectrum of metabolic and histopathologic degenerative changes may have been caused by secondary aldosteronism due to the chronic treatment with furosemide.
Risk-Based Framework for Safety Investment in Construction Organizations

The costs of construction injuries can have a substantial impact on the financial success of construction organizations and increase the overall costs of construction up to 15%. Following the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, construction firms began to implement a variety of management techniques to reduce the frequency of injuries. Although these strategies decrease the cost of injuries, they consume time and other significant resources. Thus, it is imperative for construction organizations to objectively evaluate the cost-benefit of investments in injury prevention through formal and robust processes. This paper presents a risk-based framework that can be used to evaluate the incremental return on investment of a series of investments in highly effective injury prevention strategies. The framework was developed using foundational risk quantification and analysis techniques and is illustrated using a hypothetical case study that is based on archival data published by United States government a...
Different effects of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol on corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenal cells.

Abstract Cycloheximide and chloramphenicol both inhibit the stimulating effect of adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on adrenal steroid production. To test whether these inhibitors had any effect on adrenal steroid production, independent from the mechanism of action of ACTH, we investigated their effect on the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone in isolated rat adrenal cells. Cycloheximide, both in the absence and in the presence of ACTH, had no effect on this conversion. Chloramphenicol inhibited the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone whether ACTH was present or not. The results with Cycloheximide indicate that ACTH has no direct effect on the cholesterol side-chain cleaving system. The inhibition by chloramphenicol of the ACTH-stimulated steroid production is at least partly due to inhibition of one or more of the processes involved in the conversion of 25-hydroxycholesterol into corticosterone.
Ligand Substitution Effect on Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Nickel Porphyrazines

Self-consistent density functional calculations have been performed on a variety of planar conjugated Ni-centered macrocycles with a basic porphyrazine (tetraazaporphyrin) core and peripheral dithiolene groups (PZ) or fused-benzo groups (PC). Theoretical energy level diagrams, charge distributions, and densities of states have been obtained in order to understand the electronic structure modifications due to peripheral ligand substitution. The substituents role in altering electronic properties and charge distribution of the porphyrazine macrocycles has been used to interpret the observed variations in optical absorption profiles. In the Q-band (∼680 nm) region, a single peak is seen for high symmetry (D4h) macrocycles and a double peak for lower symmetry (D2h and C2v) systems. Calculated intensities and band splittings are compared in detail with qualitative molecular orbital models and experiment in the visible and UV regions. Predictions are made for the infrared absorption and semiconducting band gap.
Senior medical students learn as simulated patients

Techniques of simulated patients, feedback and role play were combined to compare in a randomized, controlled design two methods of teaching interviewing skills to senior medical students. Over a six-month period senior medical students enrolled in the ambulatory medicine clerkship were entered into the study. Students were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 20) students became simulated patients and were interviewed by two sophomore students, providing the sophomores with feedback on technique. Group 2 (n = 29) students practiced the interviewing skills in role play with faculty tutoring. Students in both groups performed before and after videotaped interviews with simulated patients. All video tapes were rated for technique, using the Arizona Clinical Interview Rating Scale. Results show statistically significant improvement in interview skills in each group, Group 1 (mean1 = 3.10, mean2 = 3.81, p = 0.0001) and Group 2 (mean1 = 3.04, mean2 = 3.66, p = 0.0001). There is no significant difference be...
Helical coordinate system and electrostatic fields of double-helix charge distributions.

We present a helical coordinate system and illustrate its use in solving electrostatic problems due to charge distribution on a double helix. It is shown that for systems with helical symmetry the resulting expression provides the structural information in the solution in a transparent way, with a structure factor separated out displaying the proper symmetry. The expressions for vector operators and other invariants for this coordinate system are also presented. We believe that this method provides an elegant description of physical systems possessing inherent helical structures.
Low rank variational tensor recovery for multi-linear inverse problems

In this work we consider the recovery of a tensor with a known low-dimensional structure with respect to variation along one or more of it's dimensions. We consider the n-rank of the tensor variation as a low rank measure and formulate a convex tensor recovery problem. A numerical method based on convex set projection is developed. As an example application the proposed method is used to de-noise noise corrupted MRI data.
Ethyl-α-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate induced hepatic microbody proliferation in rat liver and ubiquinone concentration

Verabreichung von korperfremdem Ubiquinon an Ratten verursacht keine vermehrte Aktivitat der Leberkatalase, die mit derjenigen nach CPIB-Medikation vergleichbar ware. Es wird angenommen, dass die hypocholemische Aktion von CPIB nicht von einer Steigerung der hepatischen Ubiquinon-Konzentration begleitet ist.
Increase of caffeine and decrease of corticosteroids for extremely low-birthweight infants with respiratory failure from 1997 to 2011.

AIM To compare treatment strategies for respiratory failure in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in Germany in 1997 to Germany, Austria and Switzerland in 2011. METHODS A detailed questionnaire about treatment strategies for ELBW infants was sent to all German centres treating ELBW infants in 1997. A follow-up survey was conducted in 2011 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. RESULTS In 1997 and 2011, 63.6% and 66.2% of the hospitals responded. In 2011 the response rate was higher in Switzerland than in Germany, and in university hospitals versus non-university hospitals. Treatment strategies did not differ between university and non-university hospitals as well as NICUs of different sizes in 2011. Differences between Germany, Austria and Switzerland were minimal. Administration of caffeine increased significantly, whereas theophylline and doxapram declined (all p<0.001). While the use of dexamethasone decreased and the use of hydrocortisone increased, the overall use of corticosteroids declined (all p<0.001). Between 1997 and 2011 therapy with inhalations and mucolytics decreased (both p<0.001) whereas the use application of diuretics did not change significantly. In mechanically ventilated infants the application of muscle relaxants and sedation declined significantly (p=0.009 and p<0.001), whereas analgesia use did not change. CONCLUSION Treatment strategies for respiratory failure in ELBW infants have changed significantly between 1997 and 2011. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Interference resolution in the elderly: evidence suggestive of differences in strategy on measures of prepotent inhibition and dual task processing

The ability to effectively resolve interference was investigated in young and elderly participants using a test of inhibition and a dual task measure. The tasks stressed the ability to suppress prepotent responding, and balance primary and secondary task demands, respectively. Successful performance on both measures hinged on the ability to minimize the distraction generated between competing aspects of each task. Increasing demands resulted in performance decrements despite titration for individual differences in span size and generalized slowing. These were more pronounced on the hardest condition of each task, especially in older participants. Furthermore, the nature of the decrements suggested the use of different strategies between groups. It is argued that a fundamental source of the age-associated variability in cognition is due to compromised ability to effectively resolve interference, and cannot be sufficiently explained by memory span differences or generalized slowing.
Parallel hybrid algorithm for process flexibility analysis

Flexibility analysis is an important task for the optimal design and synthesis of chemical processes with uncertainty. It is a challenging problem because of the discontinuity and nonconvexity of rigorous flexibility programming formulations. In this article, we propose a new parallel hybrid algorithm based on stochastic search in conjunction with a nearest constraint projection technique to numerically solve the flexibility index problem. The proposed method can be applied regardless of the convexity of the design constraints. The stochastic method robustly identifies the global solution without the need for derivative information. The new nearest constraint projection technique is used to handle the constraints of the flexibility index problem in reduced state space. In contrast to existing methods, this technique does not require the addition of artificial variables for active constraints, does not need to have access to explicit analytical forms of the problem formulation or its derivatives, and does not solve for additional artificial variables. Its implementation is well-suited for parallel computing so that computational time can be dramatically reduced. Five applications illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.