cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transitional winners and losers: Attitudes toward EU membership in post-communist countries

Joshua A. Tucker is Assistant Professor of Politics and International Affairs, PrincetonUniversity, 322 Bendheim Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 (jtucker@princeton.edu).Alexander C. Pacek is Associate Professor of Political Science, Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas 77843 (e339ap@polisci.tamu.edu). Adam J. Berinsky is AssistantProfessor of Politics, Princeton University, 41 Corwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544(berinsky@princeton.edu).We thank Guy Whitten, Randy Stevenson, Christopher Anderson, Jan Leighley, andBenjamin Radcliff for useful comments and support and Sara De Master and JamesMcGhee for research assistance. We also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers fortheir helpful comments and suggestions. All data analysis was conducted using Stata 6.0and Clarify 1.3. A previous version of this article was presented at the 2001 Annual Con-ference of the Midwest Political Science Association. Authors’ names are listed in reversealphabetical order.
Characterization of Dieseline with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method: Hydrocarbon Classification and Enthalpy of Combustion

The use of fuel blends (incorporating fluids such as natural gas or gasoline) for compression ignition engines may aid in efforts to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter emission. The consideration and design of such blends is dependent upon the detailed properties of the particular blend. In this work, we measured blends of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 80, and 90% (v/v) gasoline in diesel fuel by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the hydrocarbon classifications in the various volume fractions. This allows us to track the hydrocarbon families throughout the volatility profile and, most importantly, observe changes in the aromatic content of the distillate cuts. In addition, we have used the composition explicit data channel (a unique capability to sample composition throughout the distillation curve) of the ADC to access thermochemical data, and related this to the temperature data grid reported earlier. This was done by calculating a composite enthalpy of combustion b...
Section 3. Introduction to the Geochemical Evolution of the Earth’s Ecosphere

The chemical evolution of the Earth’s near-surface environmental system, its ecosphere or exogenic system, and in particular the composition of the atmosphere and ocean, has long been of central interest to scientists from several disciplines. The more modern issue of chemical changes in the
Genetics of the Connectome and the ENIGMA Project

Here we give an overview of a worldwide effort, called the ENIGMA Consortium (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu), which unites scientists worldwide to determine how variants in our genetic code influence the brain, and how 12 major diseases affect the brain worldwide. At the time of writing, ENIGMA involves over 500 scientists from 185 institutions worldwide, working together on around 30 projects to discover factors that may help or harm the brain. By pooling genome-wide genomic data and brain imaging from over 33,000 people, ENIGMA has been able to identify single-nucleotide differences in the genome that are associated with differences in human brain structure and function. Given the broad interest in brain connectivity and the factors that affect it, we outline some tactics adopted by ENIGMA to discover specific genes that affect the brain; then we describe how ENIGMA is extending these methods to discover genetic influences on brain connectivity.
Sturm—Liouville Inverse Eigenvalue Problems

Summary Starting with a second-order Sturm–Liouville problem in canonical form with separated boundary conditions, the inverse question which arises when the lowest n eigenvalues and corresponding normalization constants are replaced by different values is considered. It is shown that using the known eigenfunctions and the solutions to an initial value problem, the new first n eigenfunctions and the new potential are found by solving a system of non-singular, linear, algebraic equations. The new separated, homogeneous boundary conditions and the remaining eigenfunctions are found. These eigenfunctions are shown to form a complete system.
Shallow junctions-modeling the dominance of point defect charge states during transient diffusion

Ion implantation damage produces point defects during annealing which can significantly enhance dopant diffusion. This diffusion at low temperatures was studied for P, As, and B implants in Si. Enhanced diffusion was observed below certain doping concentrations which depend only on temperature. For As, this concentration corresponds to As solid stability. For P, enhanced diffusion occurs below n/sub i/ for temperatures below 850 degrees C. A model is presented which correlates the self-interstitial donor level position in the Si bandgap with the dominance of B diffusion via neutral self-interstitials. It is shown that when self-interstitials are externally generated the resulting changes in the free energy of self-interstitial formation force the B diffusion via I/sup x/ (neutral self-interstitial) to be 10-100 times greater than B diffusion via I/sup +/ (donor self-interstitial). >
Charging and discharging spaces-based current allocation in parallel-connected battery systems

Battery cells or modules are usually connected in parallel to build up large current and to increase system reliability. However, charge imbalance among parallel-connected battery cells or modules is very common and results in circulating current, which increases energy loss, shortens battery life, and even incurs fire hazard. Thus, charge balance or equalization among battery cells or modules is important. For parallel-connected battery modules, we first define the charging space and discharging space. Then the module charge imbalance can be gradually reduced by allocating larger charging (discharging) current to the module with larger charging (discharging) space. Motivated by this idea, we propose the current allocation method based on charging and discharging spaces (CDSs). In the proposed CDS-based current allocation, control parameters are provided to facilitate the flexible control of system performance, such as total power loss and module state of charge (SOC) range. In addition, the current allocation in proportion to module SOCs reported in recent studies can be viewed as a special case of the proposed CDS-based current allocation. Finally, simulation results illustrate these properties and advantages of the proposed CDS-based current allocation.
Family burden, child disability, and the adjustment of mothers caring for children with epilepsy: Role of social support and coping

Abstract Purpose This study was designed to contribute to the existing research on the coping behaviors, social support, and mental health outcomes in parents of children with epilepsy in the United States. Methods Participants included 152, predominantly Caucasian (89.5%), married (78.9%) women (95.4%). Via a web-based interface, mothers completed questionnaires assessing the impact of their child's disability on their family (i.e., severity of their child's disability, family burden, and personal stress), social resources (i.e., perceived social support), coping (i.e., emotion-focused and social support seeking), and adjustment (i.e., depression and anxiety). Results After controlling for demographic variables, mediational analysis revealed that mothers' perceptions of the severity of their child's disability were associated with decreased perceived social support, which was then related to higher reported levels of depression and anxiety. Similarly, low levels of perceived social support partially mediated the relation between family burden and depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally, mothers' perceptions of the severity of their children's disability and family burden were unrelated to their reports of emotion-focused or social support seeking coping. However, their use of emotion-focused and social support seeking behaviors was related to lower levels of depression. Conclusion Low levels of perceived social support may help to explain the mechanisms underlying the relation between mothers' perceptions of the severity of their child's disability and family burden on their mental health adjustment, such as depression and anxiety.
Robust Dinoflagellata phylogeny inferred from public transcriptome databases.

Dinoflagellates are dominant members of the plankton and play key roles in ocean ecosystems as primary producers, predators, parasites, coral photobionts, and causative agents of algal blooms that produce toxins harmful to humans and commercial fisheries. These unicellular protists exhibit remarkable trophic and morphological diversity and include species with some of the largest reported nuclear genomes. Despite their high ecological and economic importance, comprehensive genome (or transcriptome) based dinoflagellate trees of life are few in number. To address this issue, we used recently generated public sequencing data, including from the Moore Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP), to identify dinoflagellate-specific ortholog groups. These orthologs were combined to create a broadly sampled and highly resolved phylogeny of dinoflagellates. Our results emphasize the scope and utility of public sequencing databases in creating broad and robust phylogenies for large and complex taxonomic lineages, while also providing unique insights into the evolution of thecate dinoflagellates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Mechanisms of Persistent Activity in Cortical Circuits: Possible Neural Substrates for Working Memory

A commonly observed neural correlate of working memory is firing that persists after the triggering stimulus disappears. Substantial effort has been devoted to understanding the many potential mechanisms that may underlie memory-associated persistent activity. These rely either on the intrinsic properties of individual neurons or on the connectivity within neural circuits to maintain the persistent activity. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which mechanisms are at play in the many brain areas involved in working memory. Herein, we first summarize the palette of different mechanisms that can generate persistent activity. We then discuss recent work that asks which mechanisms underlie persistent activity in different brain areas. Finally, we discuss future studies that might tackle this question further. Our goal is to bridge between the communities of researchers who study either single-neuron biophysical, or neural circuit, mechanisms that can generate the persistent activity that underlies working memory.
Remarkable Aurophilicity and Photoluminescence Thermochromism in a Homoleptic Cyclic Trinuclear Gold(I) Imidazolate Complex.

A new aurophilically-bonded cyclic trinuclear gold(I) complex, tris[μ2-(1-ethylimidazolato-N3,C2)gold(I)] ([Au3(EtIm)3], 1), has been synthesized and characterized by temperature-dependent crystallographic and photophysical investigations. The crystal packing of 1 reveals two independent molecules in the unit cell, signifying two distinct pairs of dimer-of-trimer units convened by pairwise intermolecular Au···Au interactions of 3.0662(3) and 3.1407(3) A at 100 K, representing the shortest pairwise intermolecular aurophilic interactions among all cyclic trimetallic gold(I) complexes to date. Remarkably, crystals of 1 exhibit gigantic photoluminescence thermochromism of 10164 cm-1-from violet to red!-attributed to internal conversion between a higher-energy (T2 → S0; λmax ∼409 nm) and lower-energy (T1 → S0; λmax ∼700 nm) phosphorescent band below and above 200 K, respectively, likely representing an excited-state phase change.
Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging of Electrical Cable Polymers

Elevated temperature is the primary source of aging for nuclear power plant electrical cable insulation and jacketing, but gamma radiation is also a significant contributor to structural changes that result in loss of polymer mechanical and electrical properties in affected plant locations. Despite many years of research, the combined degradation effects of simultaneous exposure to thermal and radiation stresses are not well understood. As nuclear operators prepare for extended operation beyond initial license periods, a predictive understanding of exposure-based cable degradation is becoming an increasingly important input to safety, licensing, operations and economic decisions. We focus on carefully-controlled simultaneous thermal and gamma radiation aging and characterization of the most common nuclear cable polymers to understand relative contributions of temperature, time, dose and dose rate to changes in cable polymer material structure and properties. Improved understanding of cable performance in long term operation will help support continued sustainable nuclear power generation.
Abstract 18793: Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty: Results from the BRAVO Study

Background Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is a palliative treatment for severe aortic stenosis that is increasingly performed as a bridge to transcatheter aortic valve replacement. While chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent comorbidity in elderly patients with aortic stenosis undergoing BAV, its impact on in-hospital outcomes has not yet been determined. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 421 consecutive patients who underwent non-emergent BAV at two high-volume centers. We analyzed baseline and procedural characteristics as well as in-hospital outcomes according to the presence or absence of CKD, defined as a glomerular filtration rate of 2 . All adverse events were adjudicated by a blinded, independent clinical events committee. Results Of the 421 patients who underwent BAV, 251 (59.2%) had CKD. Patients with CKD had significantly higher rates of mortality (8.0% vs. 2.4%, p=0.02) and major bleeding (14.3% vs. 7.6%, p=0.04) as well as net adverse clinical events (18.7% vs. 11.2%, p=0.04) compared to patients without CKD. A secondary analysis stratifying the groups by type of antithrombotic used revealed an almost 3-fold decrease in major bleeding events in CKD patients treated with bivalirudin compared to those receiving heparin (5.8% vs. 14.9%, p=0.01). After multivariate analysis controlling for multiple confounders, CKD remained associated with an increased risk for bleeding (OR 1.99; 95%CI [0.83, 4.78]; p=0.12) and death (OR 2.12; 95%CI [0.61, 7.33]; p=0.24), without statistical significance. Conclusions CKD is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality and bleeding complications post-BAV. Further research is warranted to determine whether adverse outcomes in CKD patients can be reduced through selective use of novel devices or alternative pharmacological approaches.
Specific Interactions of Xanthene Dyes with Nucleotide-Binding Sites of Membrane Energy-Transducing Enzymes and Carriers

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses specific interactions of xanthene dyes with nucleotide-binding sites of membrane energy-transducing enzymes and carriers. It investigates the interaction of a wide number of xanthene and related dyes with a variety of (di) nucleotide-dependent enzymes, including mitochondrial F1- adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and several kinases and dehydrogenases. The chapter presents data from inhibition studies employing over 45 different dyes. Two of the xanthene dyes, tetraiodofluorescein (TIF) and tetraiodotetrachlorofluorescein (Rose bengal), were found to be potent inhibitors of both adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/ adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and NAD+/NADH-dependent enzymes. On the basis of a number of criteria including availability; ease of purification; high molar absorptivity; ease of modification and conversion into affinity and photoaffinity active site labeling reagents; synthesis of the radiolabeled derivative; and inherent photochemical and photophysical properties, TIF was selected as the choice nucleotide site probe. The study found that there were variations in the modes and stoichiometries of TIF binding with different F1preparations, enzyme preparations, which were otherwise indistinguishable on the basis of sedimentation coefficient, specific activity, or subunit composition. Model enzyme studies employing native nucleotide displacement of nucleotide site-bound TIF demonstrated the potential utility of the approach toward a facile examination of the cooperativity associated with nucleotide binding to the more complex, multisite oligomeric F1. The site stoichiometries obtained for TIF binding and native nucleotide replacement of bound TIF are in precise agreement with the known nucleotide binding capacity and subunit stoichiometry of F1.
Pituitary Apoplexy Following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Background Pituitary apoplexy is an uncommon neurosurgical emergency that may be the initial presentation of undiagnosed pituitary adenomas. Though the exact pathogenesis is unclear, there appears to be an association between pituitary apoplexy and medical interventions that disturb the blood supply and venous drainage of the abnormal sellar region. We present the first case of pituitary apoplexy occurring after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Case Description A 43-year-old male who was several hours status post ERCP presented with a severe headache, bilateral ptosis, and multidirectional ophthalmoplegia. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a hemorrhagic and necrotic sellar mass with suprasellar extension compressing the optic chiasm and bilateral extension displacing the cavernous carotid arteries laterally. The patient underwent emergent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the underlying pituitary tumor apoplexy with eventual resolution of his cranial nerve palsies. Conclusions Although pituitary apoplexy has been recognized as a sequela of surgical and laparoscopic procedures, it should also be considered in less invasive gastrointestinal procedures which may alter the intraabdominal pressures, such as ERCP. Early detection of this unusual complication allows for rapid diagnosis and timely surgical intervention in select cases to prevent debilitating cranial nerve palsies, preserve visual function, and retain normal pituitary function.
Obesity and obstructive lung disease: An epidemiologic review

Abstract Obesity increases the risk for asthma, with a disease phenotype characterized by poor clinical control and high frequency and severity of acute exacerbations. Obese asthmatics do not respond well to standard controller asthma therapy; weight loss however helps improve asthma control. Airway hyperresponsiveness, a characteristic of asthma, decreases following surgical weight loss in the subgroup of patients with obesity-associated asthma that is late-onset and nonallergic. Like asthma, obesity is an important comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although COPD is underdiagnosed in the obese population, obese COPD patients have greater dyspnea and physical activity limitation, as well as lower quality of life and lung function than nonobese COPD patients. Some studies show that obese patients with severe COPD have a lower mortality than nonobese patients, constituting the “obesity paradox,” and therefore clinicians may consider accepting a “modest” degree of excess body weight in patients with severe COPD as optimal. Targeted drugs or nutritional interventions that reduce the inflammatory and metabolic activity of fat may open up novel therapies for asthma and COPD in obese subjects.
Hybrid Charge-Transfer Semiconductors: (C7H7)SbI4, (C7H7)BiI4, and Their Halide Congeners

Hybrid metal halides yield highly desirable optoelectronic properties and offer significant opportunity due to their solution processability. This contribution reports a new series of hybrid semiconductors, (C7H7)MX4 (M = Bi3+, Sb3+; X = Cl-, Br-, I-), that are composed of edge-sharing MX6 chains separated in space by π-stacked tropylium (C7H7+) cations; the inorganic chains resemble the connectivity of BiI3. The Bi3+ compounds have blue-shifted optical absorptions relative to the Sb3+ compounds that span the visible and near-IR region. Consistent with observations, DFT calculations reveal that the conduction band is composed of the tropylium cation and valence band primarily the inorganic chain: a charge-transfer semiconductor. The band gaps for both Bi3+ and Sb3+ compounds decrease systematically as a function of increasing halide size. These compounds are a rare example of charge-transfer semiconductors that also exhibit efficient crystal packing of the organic cations, thus providing an opportunity to study how structural packing affects optoelectronic properties.
Simple method for measuring intrinsic contact angle of a fiber with liquids

A simple method is developed to directly measure the intrinsic contact angle of a fiber (i.e., Young–Laplace contact angle of the fiber material) with any arbitrary liquid. It is shown that the intrinsic contact angle of a fiber can be obtained by simply measuring the angle between the tangent to the fiber surface and the tangent to the droplet at the contact line, if the droplet has a clamshell conformation and is viewed from the longitudinal direction. The novelty of the proposed method is that its predictions are not affected by the volume of the droplet used for the experiment, the wettability of the fiber, the surface tension of the liquid, or the magnitude of the body force acting on the droplet during the experiment. The accuracy of the proposed method is assessed through comparison with computational results obtained from validated numerical simulations or alternative experimental methods.
17 Years of Fellowship in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery (FMIGS): Where are Graduates Now?

Study Objective FMIGS graduates are imperative for the training of modern endoscopic surgery techniques to the next generation of gynecologic surgeons. The recent implementation of Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) for board certification and the recent approval of MIGS Focused Practice Designation by the American Board of Medical Specialties only further emphasizes the importance of FMIGS graduates to training institutions, yet the current distribution of FMIG graduates and their interactions with education is not well documented. Design An Internet based name search of 391 AAGL FMIG graduates from 2002-2018 conducted in April of 2019. Each physician's website was investigated for current practice type, setting, location, and interactions with residents and/or fellows and then analyzed. Setting Current, April 2019, Internet-based name search for practice website. Patients or Participants 391 AAGL FMIGS Graduates. Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results Of the 391 AAGL FMIG graduates, 381 were searchable on the Internet. The breakdown were as follows- Gender: Male 30.5%, Female 69.5%, Practice Type: Private 53.3%, Academic 46.7%, Practice Setting: Urban 59.3%, Suburban 35.4%, Rural 5.2%, Location: NE 31.5%, SW 25.2%, SE 17.1%, MW 16.5%, NW 3.7%, and Out of States 6.0%. More than half of all FMIGS graduates were involved in residency or fellowship education. There has been a positive trend of FMIGS graduates practicing in both OB/GYN residency and fellowship programs as the fellowship has matured with over 58% of 2015-18 graduates involved with resident education and over 34% involved with fellowship education Conclusion The increasing trend of FMIGS graduates seeking job opportunities to educate residents and fellows supports the fellowships mission to train the next generation of minimally invasive gynecologic surgeons. The distribution and demographics of FMIGS graduates is not evenly distributed and this data may be utilized by the AAGL and prospective residents/fellows for decisions regarding future training and clinical practice location.
Students’ ability beliefs about running in physical education: Qualitative findings from longitudinal data:

Students’ ability beliefs about running activities in physical education/athletics classes were investigated longitudinally from the perspectives of Nicholls’ conceptions of ability and Dweck’s imp...
From Smart to Intelligent Utility Meters in Natural Gas Distribution Networks

We propose a novel method for monitoring gas distribution networks (GDNs) using intelligent sensor nodes that can be integrated with existing smart gas meters (intelligent meters). The method aims at detecting and locating gas leaks in GDNs in real time. The intelligent meters leverage wireless connectivity in existing smart meters to implement this method collaboratively. The method comprises an active acoustic probing phase and a passive linear imaging phase. In the active acoustic phase, the intelligent meters collaboratively discover the topology of the monitored pipeline network using a novel acoustic pulse reflectometry technique. In the passive linear imaging phase, the intelligent meters use their knowledge of the pipeline network topology to create a linear image of the pipeline using the Time-Exposure Acoustic (TEA) algorithm. The resulting image reveals the presence and locations of active gas leaks in the network. We present the theoretical basis of this new method and the results of its application in experimental settings.
Distance determinations using type II supernovae and the expanding photosphere method

Due to their high intrinsic brightness, type II supernovae (SN) can be used as lighthouses to constrain distances in the Universe using variants of the Baade-Wesselink method. Based on a large set of CMFGEN models (Hillier & Miller 1998) covering the photospheric phase of type II SN, we study the various concepts entering one such technique, the Expanding Photosphere Method (EPM). We compute correction factors $\xi$ needed to approximate the synthetic Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) with that of a blackbody at temperature $T$. Our $\xi$, although similar, are systematically greater, by $\sim 0.1$, than the values obtained by Eastman et al. (1996). This translate into a systematic enhancement of 10-20% in EPM-distances. We find that line emission and absorption, not directly linked to color temperature variations, can considerably alter the synthetic magnitude, and cause above-unity $\xi$-values. Optically-thick lines, present in the optical at late-times, can also introduce a strong wavelength-dependence of the photospheric radius, invalidating the use of the Baade method. Both the impact of line-blanketing on the SED and the photospheric radius at low $T$ suggest that the EPM is best used at early times, when the outflow is fully ionized and line-opacity mostly confined to the UV range. We also investigate how reliably one can measure the photospheric velocity from P-Cygni line profiles. Contrary to the usually held belief, the velocity at maximum absorption in the P-Cygni trough of optically-thick lines can both {\it overestimate or underestimate} the photospheric velocity, with a magnitude that depends on the SN outflow density gradient and the optical thickness of the line.
A simple goodness-of-fit test for continuous conditional distributions

This paper presents a pragmatic specification test for conditional continuous distributions with uncensored data. We employ Monte Carlo (MC) experiments and the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data to examine coverage and power to discern deviations from correct model specification in distribution and parameterization. We carry out MC experiments using 2000 runs for sample sizes 500 and 1000. The experiments show that the test has accurate coverage under correct specification, and that the test can discern deviations from correct specification in both the distributional family and parameterization. The power increases as sample size increases. The empirical example shows the test’s ability to identify specific distributions from other candidates using real cost data. Although the test can be used as a goodness-of-fit test for marginal distributions, it is particularly useful as an easy-to-use test for conditional continuous distributions, even those with one observation per pattern of explanatory variables.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Remaja Perempuan Dalam Pencegahan Keputihan (The Correlation Between Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior in Leucorrhea Prevention)

Abstract Adolescents have very complex problems along with the transitional period experienced, one of which is unhealthy lifestyle. One of the main complaints of reproductive health problems in adolescent females is vaginal discharge. This is the second problem that occurs after menstrual disorders. Leucorrhea is an abnormal discharge other than blood from the vagina, with or without odors, and is accompanied by itching around the area. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescent females in preventing leucorrhea in Kapataran, Kapataran 1 and Kayuroya villages, East Lembean districts. The type of research was an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling, the number of samples are 40 respondents. The research data were obtained by a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and behavior of leucorrhea prevention on adolescent females and then analysed using Chi Square test with CI = 95% and α = 0.05. Statistical test result showed that there was a relationship between knowledge, attitudes and behavior of adolescent females in preventing leucorrhea in Kapataran Village, Kapataran 1 Village, and Kayuroya Village, East Lembean District. Abstrak Remaja mempunyai permasalahan yang sangat kompleks seiring dengan masa transisi yang dialami remaja salah satunya adalah pola hidup tidak sehat. Masalah kesehatan reproduksi remaja perempuan yang sering dikeluhkan salah satunya adalah keputihan. Hal ini merupakan masalah kedua yang terjadi setelah gangguan haid. Keputihan adalah keluarnya cairan selain darah dari liang vagina di luar dari kebiasaan, baik berbau ataupun tidak, serta disertai rasa gatal setempat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku remaja perempuan dalam pencegahan keputihan di desa Kapataran, Kapataran 1 dan Kayuroya kecamatan lembean Timur. Jenis penelitian adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross sectional , teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan purposive sampling , Jumlah sampel 40 responden. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pencegahan keputihan pada remaja putri kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan Cl = 95% dan α = 0,05. Hasil uji statistik ada hubungan antara perilaku pencegahan keputihan dengan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku remaja. Simpulan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku remaja perempuan dalam pencegahan keputihan di Desa Kapataran, Desa Kapataran 1, dan Desa Karuyora Kecamatan Lembean Timur.
Reliability and validity of a novel instrument for the quantification of hand forces during a jar opening task.

Abstract Study Design Clinical Measurement Introduction Jar opening is a task that relies heavily on the ability to generate adequate hand forces and is often reported in the literature as being difficult for women with hand arthritis. Many have studied relationships between diminished grip/pinch strength and occupational performance but few have investigated how much hand force is necessary to successfully engage in manual tasks. Those who studied this have relied on approaches and tools which lack ecology. Additionally, few have instrumented daily objects to understand if joint protection techniques do, in fact, reduce the hand force generation when performing manual tasks. Purpose of the Study The objectives of this study were to one) determine the within session repeatability of a device used to quantify these forces and two) probe into the ecological validity of a novel device to be used in the future study of women with hand osteoarthritis to measure hand force requirements and study the impact of joint protection interventions on hand force profiles. Methods A plastic jar was instrumented with a torque limiter, 6-axis load cell, and six force sensing resistors so as to capture the grip and compressive hand forces which act on a jar lid when opening a sealed jar. To assess intra-rater reliability of the tool and its testing procedures, 31 adult women with hand osteoarthritis were asked untwist the jar's lid so as to break its seal with each hand twice while stabilizing the base with the opposing hand. The agreement between trials of peak forces and torques from each hand was assessed through statistical approaches including Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Standard Error of the Measurement, and Minimal Detectable Change. The jar's ecological validity was then assessed via survey. Results This instrument and methods yielded good to excellent repeatability across all force outputs. The majority of our subjects (87%) reported the jar to be similar to those used at home, 87% reported to use a similar jar 2-3 times/month or greater, and rated the importance of opening such a jar as being, on average, 8.7/10. Discussion The jar instrument appears to have high reliability and ecologic validity. It has the potential to reveal hand force requirements for a population known to have difficulties opening jars and understanding these force thresholds could help to inform therapy goal-setting. Beyond this, it has the potential to support the study of the hand forces used across various joint protection approaches so as to inform best “jar-opening” practices. Conclusions This tool was designed to represent the qualities of a standard, large sealed jar while still housing sophisticated kinetic measurement capacities. Our findings support that we have presented a tool which can be used in future study within this population to better understand the hand kinetics associated with the highly problematic task of jar-opening and joint protection strategies intended to reduce hand loads.
Active Voltage Balancing of Series Connected SiC MOSFET Submodules Using Pulsewidth Modulation

Series connection of multiple transistors is an attractive solution to achieve higher voltage capability. However, the voltage imbalance among the series-connected devices is a critical issue caused by mismatches of device characteristics and gate signals. To prevent the failure of devices from the voltage imbalance, voltage balancing control (VBC) is required. In this work, an active VBC for series-connected silicon carbide (SiC) mosfet submodules is proposed with a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) method. A submodule consists of two switches and one shunt capacitor, and the PWM method actively controls the capacitor voltages for balancing. The proposed VBC is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally verified with six series-connected SiC mosfet submodules at up to 150 kHz. The voltage balancing is achieved within 3.9% of the targeted balanced voltage.
Course Overview Note: Public Sector Innovation and Leadership in the Age of Digital Technology

This course is based on the hypothesis that digital technology will transform the way government operates, and (if properly implemented) these technologies have the potential to create significant public value. However, digital technology in the public sector often does not reach its full potential due to some combination of: bad and/obsolete implementation, poor design, and so on. To take advantage of this opportunity, and prevent continued failures, we need public sector leaders who (while not necessarily digital experts) know how to ask experts the right questions, have a vision of what can be achieved with these technologies, and the skills to lead innovation. This semester-long survey course is intended for Masters of Public Policy, and Masters of Public Administration, students who (although not technology specialists) will likely be called on: to supervise, provide advice about, or otherwise be involved with, digital technology projects in the public or not-for-profit sectors.
Modeling and control of a hexacopter with a passive manipulator for aerial manipulation

In this paper, a multi-propeller aerial robot with a passive manipulator for aerial manipulation is presented. In order to deal with the collision, external disturbance, changing inertia, and underactuated characteristic during the aerial manipulation, an adaptive trajectory linearization control (ATLC) scheme is presented to stabilize the multi-propeller aerial robot during the whole process. The ATLC controller is developed based on trajectory linearization control (TLC) method and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method. The stability of the proposed system is analyzed by common Lyapunov function. Numerical simulations are carried out to compare the ATLC with TLC controller facing collision, external disturbance and changing inertia during an aerial manipulation. Experimental results prove that the developed robot can achieve aerial manipulation in the outdoor environment.
Assessment, accountability, and access: Constrained skill mastery as instructional gatekeeper:

The nature of the literacy assessments valued in the persistent accountability climate within U.S. public education, coupled with an increasingly polarized discourse around what counts as the scien...
The human keratin genes and their differential expression.

Publisher Summary As surface and lining tissues, human epithelial cells play a common protective role in the body. This role is manifested by the construction of extensive cytoskeletal architecture inside each cell. The surface of the skin has perhaps the greatest need for a protective cytoskeleton. While the filaments in the cortex cells of the hair are arranged in an orderly and rigid fashion, the bundles of filaments in the squames of the epidermis appear to be more loosely packed. The different organization of cytoskeletal elements within these two types of cells may contribute to the markedly distinct packing of cells within the two tissues. In contrast to the terminally differentiated epithelial cells on the body surface, the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis as well as cells of internal epithelia must maintain their ability to divide and to undergo normal metabolic processes and cell movement. In addition to the variation in the abundance of keratin filaments, the proteins that make up these filaments are also different for different epithelia. Different pairs of keratins seem to be expressed in different epithelial cells at different stages of development and differentiation. Some of the major mysteries have been (1) to determine the ways the differential expression of different pairs of keratins might relate to cytoskeletal design and (2) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. Recent sequence analyses of the keratins and the genes that encode these proteins have begun to reveal the answers to these questions.
Cool Tools 2: Development of a Candida albicans Cell Surface Protein Microarray

The cell surface of Candida albicans is necessary for colonization of the human host and is also the target of the immune system when C. albicans enters the bloodstream as an opportunistic pathogen. In a study to develop C. albicans cell surface protein microarray, cell surface antigens that are specific to different phases (i.e., acute phase and early and midconvalescence) of candidemia, were identified. The study identified a set of 13 cell surface antigens capable of distinguishing acute candidemia from healthy individuals and uninfected hospital patients with commensal colonization. Studies need to address whether the serodiagnostic antigens identified in this study could provide protection from hematogenously disseminated candidiasis and whether sero-logical differences exist between superficial (i.e., thrush and vaginal candidiasis) and systemic infections. The increasing number of candidal infections necessitates the assay development of protein microarrays that include the whole proteome of not just C. albicans but also other pathogenic Candida species, as these studies may elucidate additional sero-diagnostic antigens and/or vaccine candidates. A high-throughput in vivo transformation system using a pXT7 linear vector was employed for cloning PCR products of genes encoding cell surface proteins. For PCR amplification, all forward and reverse primers had common 33-nucleotide-long sequences at the 5' end, followed by a gene-specific sequence (20 to 26 nucleotides). The protein microarray was produced by printing the in vitro-expressed proteins in duplicate onto nitrocellulose-coated FAST glass slides at a density of 960 spots per slide using an automatic GMS417 robot and the OmniGrid 100.
Asymmetric Sequential Search

This note explores asymmetries in the way consumers sample prices in a simple variation of Stahl's (1989) seminal model of sequential search. In the note, we characterize a unique equilibrium in which a firm that caters to more local consumers selects prices from a distribution which first order stochastically dominates that of its rival and contains mass at the upper bound of firm price distributions. Both firms exhibit higher prices as the proportion of consumers local to one firm rises, though surprisingly, at the limit, the Diamond paradox may not manifest.
Modeling dynamic receptive field changes produced by intracortical microstimulation

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of a localized site in the somatosensory cortex of rats and monkeys produces reorganization of receptive field (RF) topography over a large region of the cortex.1 ICMS excites nearly all afferents and excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons within a few microns of the stimulating electrode. This stimulation produces nearly simultaneous activation of all pre- and postsynaptic elements and modulatory inputs close to the ICMS site. In addition, some of the afferent terminals receive ortho- and antidromic excitation. However, not all anti- and orthodromically excited afferents succeed in driving their target neurons above threshold.1 ICMS of the cortex for 2–6 hours produces a large (2-fold to over 20-fold) increase in the cortical representation of the skin region represented by the ICMS-site neurons before ICMS.1
Emotion and Consciousness

1. Introduction, Lisa Feldman Barrett, Paula M. Niedenthal, and Piotr Winkielman I. Cognition and Emotion 2. Embodiment in the Acquisition and Use of Emotion Knowledge, Paula M. Niedenthal, Lawrence W. Barsalou, Francois Ric, and Silvia Krauth-Gruber 3. The Interaction of Emotion and Cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala, Elizabeth A. Phelps 4. Affect and the Resolution of Cognitive Control Dilemmas, Jeremy R. Gray, Alexandre Schaefer, Todd S. Braver, and Steven B. Most II. Unconscious Emotional Processing: Perception of Visual Stimuli 5. Caught by the Evil Eye: Nonconscious Information Processing, Emotion, and Attention to Facial Stimuli, Daniel Lundqvist and Arne OEhman 6. Nonconscious Emotions: New Findings and Perspectives on Nonconscious Facial Expression Recognition and Its Voice and Whole-Body Contexts, Beatrice de Gelder 7. Visual Emotion Perception: Mechanisms and Processes, Anthony P. Atkinson and Ralph Adolphs III. Unconscious Emotional Behavior 8. Conscious and Unconscious Emotion in Nonlinguistic Vocal Communication, Michael J. Owren, Drew Rendall, and Jo-Anne Bachorowski 9. Behavior Systems and the Contextual Control of Anxiety, Fear, and Panic, Mark E. Bouton IV. The Experience of Emotion 10. Emotion Experience and the Indeterminacy of Valence, Louis C. Charland 11. Feeling Is Perceiving: Core Affect and Conceptualization in the Experience of Emotion, Lisa Feldman Barrett V. Perspectives On the Conscious-Unconscious Debate 12. Emotion Processes Considered from the Perspective of Dual-Process Models, Eliot R. Smith and Roland Neumann 13. Unconscious Processes in Emotion: The Bulk of the Iceberg, Klaus R. Scherer 14. Emotion, Behavior, and Conscious Experience, Piotr Winkielman, Kent Berridge, and Julie Wilbarger 15. Emotions, Embodiment, and Awareness, Jesse J. Prinz 16. Seven Sins in the Study of Unconscious Affect, Gerald L. Clore, Justin Storbeck, Michael D. Robinson, and David B. Centerbar
Space Travel Comes down to Earth Astronomy, the so-called impractical science, has become of intense immediate concern to John Q. Public

Shapley's book is the only one of the seven which will be of substantial assistance in the training of astronomy students at the graduate level. Although a number of excellent advanced monographs are now available or are in the making, textbooks on the junior, senior, and first-year graduate level are sorely needed. The other volumes will be useful, in one way or another, to students and in informing the general public about astronomy. Both Schneider's and King's volumes will be helpful at the junior-high and high-school levels, and they will also be of interest to the general public. The volumes by Stokley and Inglis will probably find their greatest use at the beginning college level. Music of the Spheres is thoroughly enjoyable reading and should become a popular classic. Ronan's book, except for the shortcomings of the final chapter, gives a readable and well-balanced account of astronomical history.
A Programmable Temperature-Controlled Microscope Stage for Biomedical Investigations

A microprocessor-based device was designed to work in conjunction with a Cambion bipolar controller to generate temperature regimens consisting of predetermined rates of heating and cooling interposed with intervals of time at fixed temperature. The composite device is used for maintaining small pieces of tissue at fixed temperature on the stage of a microscope. The device employs four integrated circuit chips including one EPROM.
Test-taking attitudes and rorschach pathognomic verbalization.

Summary An experiment was conducted to test the prediction that a loose, imaginative rather than a constrained, constricted test-taking attitude would result in higher Pathognomic Verbalization scores. Under a “Free-Wheeling” instructional set 31 college students were group-administered the Rorschach and 28 students were given it under an “Up-Tight” instructional set. The Free-Wheeling group gave significantly more responses and significantly more self references, which may indicate a looser, more uninhibited and unconstrained attitude toward the test. The results suggest the situational sensitivity of both the number of responses and the number of self-references, and lend support to the validity of the other Pathognomic Verbalization categories as variables indicative of inner disturbance.
Dopamine receptor binding: differentiation of agonist and antagonist states with 3H-dopamine and 3H-haloperidol.

Abstract 3H-Dopamine and 3H-haloperidol bind with high affinity and selectivity to synaptic dopamine receptors in membrane preparations of the calf caudate. Binding of both ligands shows marked regional variations with greatest density in caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, areas rich in dopamine nerve terminals. The rank-order of phenothiazines and related agents as well as catecholamines in displacing both dopamine and haloperidol binding closely parallels their pharmacological potencies and affinities for the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Dopamine's affinity for specific 3H-dopamine binding sites is 100 times its apparent affinity for the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase. Agonists have about 50 times more affinity for dopamine than haloperidol sites, whereas antagonists display about 100 times greater affinity for haloperidol than dopamine sites.
Trifles, by Susan Glaspell

Trifles , by Susan Glaspell Presented by Theater of the Two-Headed Calf February 2010 New York, Ontological-Hysteric Theater The Theater of the Two-Headed Calf clearly took inspiration from the ava...