cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Bladder Dissection for Prevention of Bladder Injury during Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Study Objective To demonstrate a technique for retrograde bladder dissection in a patient with extensive adhesive disease of the pelvis. Design Step-by-step video demonstration of retrograde bladder dissection during robotic-assisted hysterectomy. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Patients or Participants 38-year-old gravida 3, para 2 with history of two prior Cesareans and tubal ligation, presented with long-standing abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea as well as chronic pelvic pain. She was referred to minimally invasive gynecology for definitive surgical management. Preoperative pelvic ultrasound revealed uterus measuring 10.1 × 4.9 cm and was otherwise unremarkable. Interventions Patient was taken to the operating room for robotic-assisted hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy. After general anesthesia was administered, patient was placed in dorsal lithotomy position. Intraoperatively, the anterior cul-de-sac was obliterated due to her prior surgeries. The bladder was densely adherent to the entire length of the uterine arteries bilaterally, starting at their origin. The retroperitoneum was entered medially, then paravesical and pararectal avascular spaces were dissected bilaterally. The uterine artery was ligated at the origin to decrease pulse pressure of uterine circulation. Ureterolysis was performed bilaterally. The bladder was carefully dissected and mobilized caudally, in a lateral-to-medial and inferior-to-superior fashion to avoid injury, following the anatomical landmarks. After the bladder was mobilized, hysterectomy was safely completed without complications. Measurements and Main Results The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged home on the day of surgery. Pathology was benign and revealed adenomyosis as well as endometriosis in right fallopian tube. The patient was symptom-free at her 4-week postoperative visit. Conclusion Retrograde bladder dissection is a useful technique to safely restore anatomy in patients with dense adhesive disease and obliterated anterior cul-de-sac. Knowledge of anatomical landmarks is essential for this technique.
Restrictive allograft syndrome vs bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: Immunological and molecular characterization of circulating exosomes.

Background Chronic lung allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients (LTxRs) has 2 phenotypes: obstructive bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS). Our goal was to define distinct immunologic markers of exosomes from LTxRs with BOS or RAS. Methods Plasma was collected from LTxRs with BOS (n = 18), RAS (n = 13), and from stable LTxRs (n = 5). Antibodies to lung self-antigens (SAgs) were determined by ELISA. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Donor specific antibodies to HLA were quantified using Luminex. Exosomes were characterized for lung SAgs, transcription factors, 20S proteasome, HLA class I and II, and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor protein using western blot. Exosome miRNA was analyzed using NanoString. The exosome-induced immune response was determined in mice. Results LTxRs with RAS, but not BOS, had donor specific antibodies at diagnosis. CIITA, NFkB, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor protein, 20S proteasome, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR were significantly higher in RAS exosomes than in BOS exosomes. RAS plasma had high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and distinct exosomal miRNA. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with RAS exosomes showed severe inflammation and peribronchial fibrosis, whereas BOS exosomes induced patchy inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion LTxRs with BOS or RAS had exosomes with distinct molecular and immunologic profiles. RAS samples had a higher concentration of proinflammatory factors, HLA class II, lung SAgs, and antibodies to HLA class II molecules, indicating severe allograft injury. Mice immunized with RAS exosomes developed lesions in airways, pleura, interlobular septum, and alveoli, whereas BOS exosomes induced mild to patchy inflammation with lung fibrosis.
Chaucer and Array: Patterns of Costume and Fabric Rhetoric in The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde and Other Works

The use Chaucer made of costume rhetoric, and its function within his body of works, are examined here for the first time. The study explores Chaucer's knowledge of the conventional imagery of medieval literary genres, especially medieval romances and fabliaux, and his manipulation of rhetorical conventions through variations and omissions. In particular, it addresses Chaucer's habit of playing upon his audience's expectations, derived from their knowledge of the literary genres involved - and why he omits lengthy passages of costume rhetoric in his romances, but includes them in some of his comedic works, It also discusses the numerous minor facets of costume rhetoric employed in decorating his texts. Chaucer and Array responds to the questions posed by medievalists concerning Chaucer's characteristic pattern of apportioning descriptive detail in his characterization by costume. It also examines his depiction of clothing and textiles representing contemporary material culture while focusing attention on the literary meaning of clothing and fabrics as well as on their historic, economic and religious signification. Laura F. Hodges blends her interests in medieval literature and the history of costume in her publications, specializing in the semiotics of costume and fabrics in literature. A teacher of English literature for a number of years, she holds a doctorate in literature from Rice University.
Complying with Security Regulation and Standards

To protect customers, patients, and the general public, a number of laws regulate information security. This chapter includes three sections: (1) U.S. security-oriented laws organizations must adhere to (e.g., HIPAA); (2) security-oriented standards organizations must adhere to (e.g., PCI DSS); and (3) criminal laws that protect organizations (e.g., anti-hacking). Other nations (other than the United States) have their own security regulation. Europe, India and some other nations have regulations requiring adherence to International Security Organization’s standards (ISO/IEC 27001-2), or COBIT (See Sarbanes–Oxley regulation) [2] as well as other regulations.
WATER RELATIONS OF THREE WARM DESERT SPECIES

Abstract Studies of the sources of potentially available water in Death Valley and of the extent to which Peucephyllum schottii, Atriplex hymenelytra and Larrea divaricata can utilize these sources show that water condensed on rocks from distillation in the soils and available soil water are major sources of water for these species. The delivery rate of distillation is extremely important to plants. A range of soil temperatures of 10° with a 0–3 cm soil maximum of 36–40° is essential to provide the energy for distillation and condensation of significant quantities of water. All three species appear to be able to absorb water into the parenchyma of their leaves after rain or on exposure to high humidity, but dew and conditions of high aerial moisture are rare in this desert. It is difficult to establish whether aerial water is actually usable by plants. The transpiration rate does appear to increase during the periods of highest moisture content and active growth (March-early June), Larrea leaves had consi...
Effect of ouabain on cortical potassium activity during anoxic depolarization.

Since the development of the ion specific liquid ion exchanger microelectrode (Walker, 1971), investigators have established that the resting potassium ion activity in the cortex of various animals (rat, cat, rabbit, guinea pig) is within the range of 2.5 mM/liter to 3–5 mM/liter (Vyskocil, et al, 1972), (Lux, et al, 1972), (Lux and Neher, 1973), (Prince, et al, 1973), (Futamachi, et al, 1973), (Mutani et al, 1973), (Morris, 1973), CKirshner, et al, 1975), and (Dora and Zeuthen, 1975). The response of cortical potassium ion activity during hypoxia (Morris, 197ft), (Kirshner, et al, 1975) and anoxia (Vyskocil, et al, 1972), (Morris, 1974), (Dora and Zeuthen, 1975) has also been well established. For the past several years our interest has been directed toward experimentally and theoretically characterizing the dynamic response of the cerebral cortex to various stimuli. These studies have been directed toward describing the response to hypoxia and anoxia in both the adult and the fetus (Guilbeau, et al, 1977), (Smith, et al, 1977), (Reneau, et al, 1977).
Time‐Inconsistent Boards and the Risk of Repeated Misconduct

This paper develops a simple model of corporate governance based on the concept of time-inconsistent misconduct. The model relaxes the standard rational choice assumption that corporate actors have time-consistent preferences and thus have perfect self-control; it therefore directly accounts for the behavioral economics literature findings that people routinely exhibit a preference for immediate gratification that can lead them to act in a dynamically inconsistent manner. I show that time inconsistent preferences can lead corporate actors to overconsume misconduct in the same manner that they overconsume other goods that provide them with immediate utility. Moreover, where complying with a legal rule requires corporate actors to incur immediate costs, a preference for immediate gratification can lead them to repeatedly procrastinate following through. Finally, the paper shows that managers can exploit the time-inconsistent preferences of board members to entrench themselves to a much greater degree than predicted by standard economic models.
Action of Vibrio cholerae Neuraminidase (Sialidase) upon the Surface of Intact Cells and Their Isolated Sialolipid Components

Abstract The effect of strong electrolyte upon the activity of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VC neuraminidase) toward the surface of intact cells and toward their isolated, purified sialolipid components, was studied in detail. A linear dependence of the logarithm of initial velocity on the square root of ionic strength was observed for purified GM3 over a concentration range of 0 to 0.05 m NaCl in 0.01 m Tris-acetate, pH 6.5. The rate of decrease of the logarithm of the optimum initial velocity, obtained in 0.01 m Tris-acetate alone, with increasing square root of ionic strength was 3 times more rapid with GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1 as substrate mixture than with the smaller sialolipid, GM3, as substrate. These data are consistent with previous results which indicate that ionic interactions upon the enzyme conformationally govern steric availability of the catalytic site. The effect of strong electrolyte upon the activity of neuraminidase toward the surface of intact cells was small in comparison with that observed with purified sialolipid substrates. Analysis of lipid extracts from untreated control and VC neuraminidase-treated samples by thin layer chromatography revealed no detectable difference between the sialolipid content of untreated control samples and samples treated with VC neuraminidase. These findings suggest that the sialolipid components in the intact cell surface are relatively unavailable to the extracellular action of VC-neuraminidase. This is supported by evidence obtained by detailed analysis of the sialyl components in four cell types (Green monkey kidney cells, Morris hepatoma, B-16 melanoma, and human neuroblastoma) before and after VC neuraminidase treatment. The total cellular sialic acid content of these cell types, untreated, varied from 2.3 to 7.1 µg of sialic acid per mg of protein; lipid-bound sialic acid content varied from 0.7 to 1.6 µg of sialic acid per mg of protein. Progress curves for sialic acid release from the surface of intact cells were hyperbolic and had reached a plateau within approximately 30 min. In the plateau region approximately 20% of the total cellular sialic acid had been released consistently, in each case. Analysis of the lipid-bound sialic acid content of the VC neuraminidase-treated intact cells revealed no major changes, all values being greater than 90% of the untreated, control values. The sialolipid composition of each cell type was examined by thin layer chromatography and found nevertheless to consist predominately of VC neuraminidase-labile components. Therefore, the sialolipids of the intact cell surface appear to be more deeply localized so as to be sterically inaccessible to VC neuraminidase, and release of sialic acid from intact cells by VC neuraminidase appears to be from surface sialoglycoproteins.
Do the Hands that Feed Us Hold Us Back?: Implications of Assisted Eating

The purpose of this article was to investigate the social implications of assisted eating. Email interviews were conducted with six people with disabilities who need eating assistance. The author also explored her own experiences as a person with cerebral palsy who must be fed. All the interviewees reported avoiding events which involved food at one time or another on the basis of having to be fed. Although many were uncomfortable being fed in public at the onset of disabilities, they used the strategies of: eating before or after an event, selecting foods they could feed themselves, or bringing an assistant. The interviews and author's experiences revealed several possible relationships between assisted eating and the building of social capital.
Stabilizing receding horizon control of nonlinear systems: a control Lyapunov function approach

A modified version of the receding horizon control of nonlinear systems is proposed. The approach is based on a finite horizon optimal control problem with a terminal cost. This method can be treated as an extension of results of De Nicolao et al. (1998). To the case where a control Lyapunov function (CLF)-based stabilizing control law is available. The terminal cost is picked to be a CLF which is also an upper bound on the cost-to-go if the stabilizing control law is applied. The control law is computed a priori using a CLF. Effectiveness of the results is illustrated by applying this approach to the planar model of a ducted fan with a CLF obtained using quasi LPV methods.
Volcanic–plutonic parity and the differentiation of the continental crust

The continental crust is central to the biological and geological history of Earth. However, crustal heterogeneity has prevented a thorough geochemical comparison of its primary igneous building blocks—volcanic and plutonic rocks—and the processes by which they differentiate to felsic compositions. Our analysis of a comprehensive global data set of volcanic and plutonic whole-rock geochemistry shows that differentiation trends from primitive basaltic to felsic compositions for volcanic versus plutonic samples are generally indistinguishable in subduction-zone settings, but are divergent in continental rifts. Offsets in major- and trace-element differentiation patterns in rift settings suggest higher water content in plutonic magmas and reduced eruptibility of hydrous silicate magmas relative to dry rift volcanics. In both tectonic settings, our results indicate that fractional crystallization, rather than crustal melting, is predominantly responsible for the production of intermediate and felsic magmas, emphasizing the role of mafic cumulates as a residue of crustal differentiation. A global geochemical data set of volcanic and plutonic rocks indicates that differentiation trends from primitive basaltic to felsic compositions for volcanic versus plutonic samples are generally indistinguishable in subduction-zone settings, but are divergent in continental rifts. Brenhin Keller and co-authors present a global geochemical dataset of the two fundamental building blocks of the continental crust, volcanic (externally erupted) and plutonic (internally solidified) rocks. Their results indicate that differentiation trends from primitive basaltic to felsic compositions for volcanic versus plutonic samples are generally indistinguishable in subduction-zone settings, but divergent in continental rifts. Offsets in major- and trace-element differentiation patterns in rift settings suggest higher water content in plutonic magmas and reduced eruptibility of hydrous silicate magmas relative to dry rift volcanics. This work indicates that in both tectonic settings, fractional crystallization rather than crustal melting is predominantly responsible for the production of intermediate and felsic magmas.
Peridynamic Theory of Solid Mechanics

Publisher Summary The classical theory of solid mechanics is based on the assumption of a continuous distribution of mass within a body and all internal forces are contact forces that act across zero distance. The mathematical description of a solid that follows from these assumptions relies on PDEs that additionally assume sufficient smoothness of the deformation for the PDEs to make sense in their either strong or weak forms. The classical theory has been demonstrated to provide a good approximation to the response of real materials down to small length scales, particularly in single crystals, provided these assumptions are met. Nevertheless, technology increasingly involves the design and fabrication of devices at smaller and smaller length scales, even interatomic dimensions.
Manifiesto de Transdisciplinariedad. Para no volvernos esclavos del conocimiento de otros

Discurso pronunciado en la Universidad Icesi de Cali, en el Tercer Congreso Colombiano de Filosofia, Cali, 21 de octubre de 2010 por Lewis R. Gordon, director del instituto para el Estudio de la Raza y el Pensamiento Social y director del Centro de Estudios Afro-Judios. Profesor de filosofia en la Universidad de Temple y Presidente de la Asociacion Filosofica del Caribe.
Development of a Rearing Methodology for the Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

ABSTRACT Studies examining the factors that influence the mating, oviposition, and development of dogwood borer, Synanthedon scituh (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), and that pertain to its efficient rearing in captivity are reported. The mating success of pairs of moths held in 30- or 60-cm3 cages exposed to natural daylight or artificial light did not differ significantly. Under natural daylight and artificial light, the average time at which mating occurred was 1950 and 1915 hours, respectively, but mating could be triggered earlier in the day by gradually reducing the intensity of artificial light. Mated females held in waxed paper cups deposited significantly more eggs on 2-yr-old apple (Malus spp.) branches wrapped in cheesecloth than on cheesecloth alone or when no oviposition substrate was provided. Larvae fed on and pupated within small, immature apples and their establishment on this rearing medium was significantly improved on fruit with small perforations compared with those without perforatio...
Attraction of Pollinators to Atemoya (Annona squamosa × Annona cherimola) in Puerto Rico Using Commercial Lures and Food Attractants.

Atemoya is a hybrid between Annona squamosa L. and Annona cherimola Miller (Annonaceae) and has potential to be an important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical areas. A major impediment to fruit production is low fruit set due to inadequate pollinator visits, typically, by beetles in the family Nitidulidae. We used Universal moth traps to monitor the attractiveness of two commercially available Nitidulidae lures in combination with various food attractants, including raw bread dough, apple juice, and malta beverage, a soft drink by-product of the brewing process. The most commonly trapped beetles were, in order of decreasing frequency, Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.), Brachypeplus mutilatus Erichson, Urophorus humeralis (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and Europs fervidus Blatchley (Coleoptera: Monotomidae). All traps, except the unbaited control traps, caught beetles. In a previous study, we found that combining two commercial lures had a synergistic effect on the attraction of these beetle species. In this study, the addition of food attractants increased the number of beetles trapped compared with traps baited with only the commercial lures. Also, food attractants appear to be key in attracting U. humeralis; only one U. humeralis individual of the 206 caught during the experiment was trapped without a food attractant. The variation between the number of beetles caught in traps containing the same treatments was high and may explain the erratic results reported in other studies of pollination in Annona spp. The results are discussed with respect to the use of nitidulid lures and food attractants to increase fruit set in atemoya and other Annonaceae.
Database strategies for genetic information and biological data

Summary form only given. Two key characteristics of modern biological research are: (a) the experimental data collections are very large and difficult to interpret; and (b) data interpretation generally requires information from genetic and other databases that are distinct from the ones in which the experimental data are stored. I discuss current strategies for constructing a database federation that can support composite queries that require data from different databases. I discuss current efforts to construct reusable software templates for biological data that makes querying and extracting data from different experimental databases much easier. The role of XML and various transport and interface mechanisms (TCP/IP, CORBA, Java) are also covered.
Formation and stability of bilayer lipid membrane at a liquid-liquid interface

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study on the formation process of ultrathin (500-100 A in thickness) bilayer liquid membranes at a liquid-liquid interface using oil-soluble chloroplast extract. With the aid of a microvideo system, the dynamics of membrane thinning, border suction, and equilibrium state were visually examined in detail, and the rate of spreading data for the black membrane is analyzed. The effect of salt concentration in aqueous solutions on the bifacial tension is measured over the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.05 N. Reproducibility of these bifacial tension measurements was typically ±21% of the mean value for a particular set of membranes. As an interfacial phenomenon, the formation of ultrathin lipid membranes is investigated in terms of membrane viscosity and bifacial tension. Based on experimental results, a semiquantitative two-step model is proposed for the rate of membrane formation.
Earth's copper resources estimated from tectonic diffusion of porphyry copper deposits

Improved estimates of global mineral endowments are relevant to issues ranging from strategic planning to global geochemical cycling. We have used a time-space model for the tectonic migration of porphyry copper deposits vertically through the crust to calculate Earth's endowment of copper in mineral deposits. The model relies only on knowledge of numbers and ages of porphyry copper deposits, Earth's most widespread and important source of copper, in order to estimate numbers of eroded and preserved deposits in the crust. Model results indicate that ∼125,895 porphyry copper deposits were formed during Phanerozoic time, that only ∼47,789 of these remain at various crustal depths, and that these contain ∼1.7 × 1011 tonnes (t) of copper. Assuming that other types of copper deposits behave similarly in the crust and have abundances proportional to their current global production yields an estimate of 3 × 1011 t for total global copper resources at all levels in Earth's crust. Thus, ∼0.25% of the copper in the crust has been concentrated into deposits through Phanerozoic time, and about two-thirds of this has been recycled by uplift and erosion. The amount of copper in deposits above 3.3 km, a likely limit of future mining, could supply current world mine production for 5500 yr, thus quantifying the highly unusual and nonrenewable nature of mineral deposits.
An audience of peers: Topics in Experimental Biology

Courses having a component of scientific communication usually revolve around pre-fabricated laboratory assignments or laboratory work pertaining to a single topic. Students taking such courses have little opportunity to explain their discoveries to a fresh audience; communication may seem contrived. Topics in Experimental Biology (TEB) provides a lively contrast: students do not initially know what their peers are doing, as each works in a different laboratory. Students begin their research one semester prior to taking TEB, so they are familiar with their topic at the outset. For oral presentations and the research paper, students serve as peer reviewers for each other, along the lines of standard disciplinary practices. Thus, students encounter an audience of peers similar to that at a scientific meeting-engaged, curious, responsive, critical. Classroom time involves analyzing published articles and discussing authorship, bioethics, and other topics. Not only do the students learn a great deal of biology, they also experience the pleasures and responsibilities of participating in an authentic scientific community, albeit a microcosmic one. TEB, by effectively integrating the learning of science and communications, offers students a realistic glimpse of their future professions.
Differential effects of propofol and ethanol on P2X4 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

The current study investigated the effects of propofol on P2X4 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp. We also tested the effects of 100 mM ethanol on the same oocytes used to test propofol. Propofol potentiated ATP-gated currents in a concentration dependent manner in P2X4 receptors. In agreement with our previous findings, ethanol inhibited P2X4 receptors. The opposite effects of propofol and ethanol on P2X4 receptor function suggest that these anesthetics act via different sites/mechanisms in P2X receptors as has been suggested for GABAA and glycine receptors.
Human genome project and cancer: The ethical implications for clinical practice

The Human Genome Project has far-reaching implications for the entire spectrum of cancer care. An understanding of fundamental gene biology clarifies the role of genetics in cancer causation. The scientific advances of genetic screening for cancers have also given rise to problems such as employment and insurance discrimination, adverse psychosocial effects, and the ethical dilemma of "to screen or not to screen."
Dynamic mechanical properties of some epoxy matrix composites

Dynamic mechanical properties of some epoxy matrix composites have been studied, comparing experimental data with theoretical models. The matrix in all composite samples was Shell Epon 828, a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, cured with meta-phenylenediamine. Fibrous composite samples were made with glass and graphite fibers. Particulate composite samples were made with glass microspheres, atomized aluminum, powdered silica, alumina, asbestos, mica, carbon black, and graphite. The dynamic elastic modulus and damping of these samples were measured at temperatures between 85° and 345°K by a free-free flexural resonance technique. The dynamic modulus of parallel fiber composites follows the linear rule of mixtures for low fiber volume fractions; deviations from linearity at higher volume fractions appear to be due to defects caused by the sample fabrication technique. Dynamic moduli of the particulate composites conform, within experimental error, to the static modulus theory of Wu up to filler volume fractions of 0.35 to 0.40. Deviations from Wu's theory at higher volume fractions may be due to agglomeration of filler particles. The damping of particulate composites with quasi-spherical filler particles appears to follow the rule of mixtures. In particulate composites with needle- and flake-type fillers, and in fibrous composites, the fillers are more highly stressed; with more of the strain energy in the low-damping fillers, overall damping is reduced. Damping greater than that attributable to the matrix and filler may be due to slippage at the interface between them. In addition to supporting Wu's theory of the elastic modulus of a particulate composite, this study demonstrates the utility of the nondestructive free-free flexural resonance techniques for obtaining a large body of reliable data in a short time from relatively few small samples. This greatly facilitates the experimental testing of theoretical models and the evaluation of fillers, matrix materials, and fabrication techniques.
Toward the molecular mechanism(s) by which EGCG treatment remodels mature amyloid fibrils.

Protein misfolding and/or aggregation has been implicated as the cause of several human diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and familial amyloid polyneuropathy. These maladies are referred to as amyloid diseases, named after the cross-β-sheet amyloid fibril aggregates or deposits common to these disorders. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal polyphenol present in green tea, has been shown to be effective at preventing aggregation and is able to remodel amyloid fibrils comprising different amyloidogenic proteins, although the mechanistic underpinnings are unclear. Herein, we work toward an understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) by which EGCG remodels mature amyloid fibrils made up of Aβ1–40, IAPP8–24, or Sup35NM7–16. We show that EGCG amyloid remodeling activity in vitro is dependent on auto-oxidation of the EGCG. Oxidized and unoxidized EGCG binds to amyloid fibrils, preventing the binding of thioflavin T. This engagement of the hydrophobic binding sites in Aβ1–40, IAP...
Some hydrogen abstraction reactions of the trichloromethyl radical

The gas phase photolysis of CCl4 in the presence of several alkanes has been used to obtain Arrhenius parameters for the abstraction of hydrogen atoms by the CCl3 radical: The following log k4 values were obtained: Text Table Text. RH log k4 c-C5H10, n-C6H14 2,3-Dimethylbutane c-C7H14 Methylcyclohexane c-C8H16 The results are compared to those for CH3 and CF3 radicals.
A characterization of the Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solution by disagreement point monotonicity

We provide a new axiomatization of the Kalai–Smorodinsky bargaining solution, which replaces the axiom of individual monotonicity by disagreement point monotonicity and a restricted version of Nash’s IIA.
Scaling exponents and rank-size distributions as indicators of landscape character and change

Abstract I used a rank-size distribution model and its associated scaling exponents to describe the organization of Yellowstone National Park before and after the 1988 fire season using the statistical distribution of patch sizes. Rank-size distributions indicate the relative effect of patch size on landscape structure, and whether the size of patches differs from what is expected from the model. Scaling exponents describe the distribution and magnitude of change in patch size, and may indicate the effect of fire on ecological processes including succession and resource distribution. The results of my analysis suggest that fires during the 1988 fire-season substantially affected the distribution of patch size in Yellowstone National Park, where large patches have a disproportionate effect on landscape character. For example, patches ≥100 ha occupy a majority of the area even though they represent a minority number of patches in the landscape. Additionally, rank-size distributions indicate fractal properties existed over several orders of magnitude, signifying that processes acting at one level of the landscape hierarchy may be acting similarly at other levels of the hierarchy. This has implications for linking the scaling properties of patch size with other scale-based phenomena including allometry. Finally, the distribution of patch sizes in conjunction with fire-return interval may be useful in assessing the likelihood of landscape-level disturbances.
Band-theory analysis of anisotropic transport in La 2 Cu O 4 -based superconductors

The anisotropic resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ and Hall coefficient ${R}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{M}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are analyzed as a function of $x$, using a rigid-band treatment of the previously given linearized augmented planewave bands of tetragonal ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The experimental ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{xx}}(T)$ is used to extract ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{tr}}=3.8$, which permits a conventional electron-phonon interpretation of the high ${T}_{c}$. The Hall coefficients are qualitatively explained, including sign discrepancies in published measurements.
Sodium-dependent lithium ion efflux from murine neuroblastoma and rat glioma cells: a minor pathway for efflux of lithium ions.

Lithium ion efflux by murine neuroblastoma (clone N1E-115) and rat glioma (clone C6) cells was studied to determine the presence of a phloretin-sensitive sodiumlithium countertransport pathway which has been found in human erythrocytes. Although this pathway could be identified in these cultured cells, unlike that in red blood cells, it was a very minor (less than 20%) component of the overall efflux of lithium ions from these cells of nervous tissue origin.
Transient characteristics of D-C metal-rolling motors and generators

THE ADVANCE in metal-rolling techniques during the past two decades has been tremendous. The delivery speeds of tandem cold mills have increased from 3,500 to more than 7,000 feet per minute. The reversal time (base speed to base speed) of electric-driven blooming and slabbing mills has been reduced from 2 seconds to less than 1 second with a resultant increase in output. Rod and tube mills have been greatly improved which has resulted in higher quality and a reduction in scrap.
Salt-induced increase in arterial pressure during nitric oxide synthesis inhibition.

The objective of this study was to determine in conscious dogs the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in mediating the arterial pressure and renal response to a prolonged increment of sodium intake. After a control period of 3 days, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, was infused intravenously during 5 consecutive days (0.1 micrograms/kg per minute). Sodium intake (80 mmol/d) did not change throughout the experiment in one group (n = 4). In another group (n = 6), 1 day after infusion of this inhibitor was started, sodium intake increased from 80 to 300 mmol/d during 4 consecutive days. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in dogs with normal sodium intake induced a significant decrease in natriuresis and diuresis (P < .05) without changes in arterial pressure. However, in dogs treated with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, mean arterial pressure increased from 95.2 +/- 3.3 to 106.2 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (P < .01) the first day that sodium intake was elevated and remained increased the following 3 days. In a different group of dogs (n = 5), the increment of sodium intake during 4 days did not induce changes in arterial pressure when nitric oxide synthesis was not inhibited. Cumulative sodium balance was higher (P < .01) in dogs treated simultaneously with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor and high sodium intake (158 +/- 21 mmol sodium) than in those treated only with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor (82 +/- 19 mmol sodium) or with high sodium intake (36 +/- 13 mmol sodium).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A rapid simple method for obtaining radiochemically pure hepatic heme

Abstract Radioactivity-labelled heme has usually been isolated from liver to which unlabelled carrier has been added by long, laborious techniques involving organis solvent extraction followed by crystallization. We have devised a simpler, rapid method for obtaining radiochemically-pure heme synthesized in vivo in rat liver from δ-amino[4- 14 C]levulinate, by modifying our previous procedure (Bonkowsky et al. (1975) J. Clin. Invest. 56, 1139–1148). This method, in which the heme is extracted into ethyl acetate/glacial acetic acid and in which porphyrins are removed from the heme-containing organic phase with HCl washes, does not require addition of carrier heme. The new method gives better heme recoveries than and heme specific activities identical to, those obtained using the crystallization method. In this new method heme must by synthesized from δ-amino[4- 14 C]levulinate; it not satisfactory to use [2- 14 C]-glycine substrate because non-heme counts are isolated in the heme fraction.
Effects of sublethal UVA irradiation on activity levels of oxidative defense enzymes and protein oxidation in Escherichia coli

Abstract When bacterial cells are stressed by a change in the environment, they respond by changing the activity of enzymes at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The UVA component (400–315 nm) of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is one of the most common stresses encountered by bacteria in their environment. Bacteria have evolved various antioxidant defense systems to increase survival when subjected to the deleterious effects of UVA irradiation. Recently, UVA-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage have been shown to be dependent on radiation intensity and dose distribution, not just total energy dose. We now report that when Escherichia coli is subjected to continuous sublethal, low-fluence UVA irradiation (7.4 W/m2) while growing to stationary phase, it responds by changing the activity levels of hydroperoxidases (HPI, HPII), glutathione reductase and manganese superoxide dismutase. This leads to an attenuation of the growth-delay response and an increase resistance to lethal UVA irradiation. When E. coli is given a UVA dose of 135 kJ/m2 delivered at a fluence rate of 50 W/m2, extensive protein oxidation occurs which may contribute to the inhibition of key cellular enzymes, leading to cellular dysfunction, DNA damage and eventually death. Changes in antioxidant enzymes induced by low-fluence UVA irradiation do not confer greater protection from protein oxidation after a challenge dose of UVA irradiation delivered at a fluence rate of 50 W/m2.
SimFuzz: Test case similarity directed deep fuzzing

Fuzzing is widely used to detect software vulnerabilities. Blackbox fuzzing does not require program source code. It mutates well-formed inputs to produce new ones. However, these new inputs usually do not exercise deep program semantics since the possibility that they can satisfy the conditions of a deep program state is low. As a result, blackbox fuzzing is often limited to identify vulnerabilities in input validation components of a program. Domain knowledge such as input specifications can be used to mitigate these limitations. However, it is often expensive to obtain such knowledge in practice. Whitebox fuzzing employs heavy analysis techniques, i.e., dynamic symbolic execution, to systematically generate test inputs and explore as many paths as possible. It is powerful to explore new program branches so as to identify more vulnerabilities. However, it has fundamental challenges such as unsolvable constraints and is difficult to scale to large programs due to path explosion. This paper proposes a novel fuzzing approach that aims to produce test inputs to explore deep program semantics effectively and efficiently. The fuzzing process comprises two stages. At the first stage, a traditional blackbox fuzzing approach is applied for test data generation. This process is guided by a novel test case similarity metric. At the second stage, a subset of the test inputs generated at the first stage is selected based on the test case similarity metric. Then, combination testing is applied on these selected test inputs to further generate new inputs. As a result, less redundant test inputs, i.e., inputs that just explore shallow program paths, are created at the first stage, and more distinct test inputs, i.e., inputs that explore deep program paths, are produced at the second stage. A prototype tool SimFuzz is developed and evaluated on real programs, and the experimental results are promising.
Latinas in US Juvenile Detention: Turning Adversity to Advantage

Latinas in the US juvenile legal system face unique challenges due to their specific location in gender and cultural hierarchies within societies that privilege males and White ethnic European Americans. In addition to growing up in urban communities besieged by poverty, patriarchy, and racism, often originating from nations hindered by war and lack of infrastructure, Latina girls in the juvenile court system contend with two other challenges: language barriers and difficulties with acculturation. However, noticing young women's interactions in detention allowed a more nuanced understanding of these factors. Even as they faced difficulties specific to being Latina, young women displayed strengths arising from being bilingual and transcultural. Drawing from qualitative research with 41 Latina teenagers in secure juvenile facilities, this article details how young Latina women's interactions while in lock-up turn so-called adversities into advantages, even as they were adjudicated delinquent in US juvenile correctional facilities.
A portable measurement system for subcriticality measurements by the CF-source-driven neutron noise analysis method

A description is given of a portable measurement system consisting of a personal computer used as a Fourier analyzer and three detection channels (with associated electronics that provide the signals to signal-to-digital converters) that has been assembled to measure subcriticality by the /sup 252/Cf-source-driven neutron noise analysis method. The system contains a parallel-plate ionization chamber containing /sup 252/Cf, and two /sup 3/He proportional counters. It is capable of sampling signals at rates up to 80 kHz and processing these data at rates (to form the appropriate spectra) of 2 kHz. >
Small-signal gain measurement in a Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ amplifier

A small-signal single-pass power gain of e/sup 5.2/=180 has been measured for a signal in the pi polarization at 790.7 nm in a longitudinally pumped Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ amplifier. A double-pass power gain of e/sup 5.2/ approximately=10/sup 4/ has been attained for the same polarization at 799.8 nm. The ratio of the gain cross sections at 632.8 and 790.7 nm is 1/25. The gain anisotropy at 632.8 nm is g/sub pi //g/sub sigma /=2.3. The lifetime of the upper lasing level decreases with increased pumping, probably as the result of amplified spontaneous emission. >
Concave and convex compositions

In a previous work, concave compositions were defined with the restriction that there be essentially the same number of parts on each side of the minimal part. In this work, we drop that restriction, and, in addition, we consider convex compositions as well. We shall link the related generating functions to combinations of classical, false, or mock theta functions and other Appell–Lerch sums.
Intersubband quantum well absorption with resonant barriers

Abstract The bound-to-extended state interconduction subband absorption and the responsivity in a novel quantum well (QW) structure were calculated. The structure consisted of a quantum well with the addition of two thin barriers just outside of both sides of the well. The effect of the barriers was to create a strong resonant extended state which dramatically improved the sensitivity to infrared radiation. The responsivity due to the absorption from the confined quantum well state into the resonant state was enhanced by more than a factor of four as compared with a quantum well without the extra thin barriers for a 71 A GaAs/GaAlAs well designed to absorb light with a cutoff wavelength in the 7 μm range. Using this technique we predict that the responsitivities of intersubband transition quantum well detectors can be greatly improved.
Lipoxygenase products modulate histamine release in human basophils.

Arachidonic acid released from cellular phospholipids is metabolized by two major enzyme systems1. The cyclo-oxygenase pathways are responsible for the production of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclin while the lipoxygenase pathways form a series of monoperoxy- and monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. The 5-lipoxygenase pathway eventually leads to the production of both leukotriene B, one of the most potent chemotactic molecules known, and SRS-A (slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis—leukotrienes C and D). Our earlier studies of the lipoxygenase enzyme(s) suggested that a product (s) of lipoxygenase (s) is both necessary for histamine release from human basophils and blunts endogenous control mechanisms2–4. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of exogenously added products of lipoxygenase pathways on antigen-induced histamine release from human basophilic leukocytes in vitro. The present report demonstrates that 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE), at sub-micromolar concentrations, causes both a dose-dependent enhancement of histamine release and a reversal of the inhibition of histamine release caused by hormones and other agonists which act via adenylate cyclase. The reduced product of 5-HPETE, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) has both activities, but is approximately 3 to 10 times less potent.
USE OF MATCHING METHOD IN MEASURING RELIABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL CLINICIAN'S DIAGNOSTIC JUDGMENT.

Summary.-This study aimed at exploring reliability differences in clinical diagnostic judgments. Twenty clinical psychologists volunteered for an examination of the consistency of their judgmental performance in matching rest results and projective protocols against autobiographies. Psychologist-judges matched, at a better than chance level, Rorschach, TAT, and Sentence Completion Tesc protocols and objective, paper-and-pencil test data for 6 Ss against their complete autobiographies. Judges differed among themselves but inclividually were consistent. Judges who were superior in matching one kind of test against autobiography were superior in matching all other tests against autobiography. The matching test is a promising tool for measuring the reliability of diagnostic judgment of test analyzers and interpreters. Further research is needed in the use of marching methods in the study of clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this experiment was to design and develop a matching task for use in the study of thc diagnostic process. We required that 20 clinicianj~tdges correctly identify 6 individual Ss by analysis of projective protocols and objective test scores. The unit of measurement was the match of each cest against an autobiography or each test against any other test belonging to the same S. The numbers of matches for judges as a group and as individuals were compared with chance expectation. In diagnosis, data obzained from the various psychological tests are interpreted by the examiner in meaningful terms for each S examined. The reliability or consistency of the performance of any one diagnostician is measured by his degree of success in identifying cest data as having been produced by particular patients or Ss. METHOD This matching task required chat Rorschach, TAT, and the Holsopple-Miale Sentence Completion Test ( 1955) protocols of 6 Ss be matched against Ss' complete autobiographies. Clinicians were also asked to match a bactery of objective rests against the autobiographies. The objective tests used were Thurstone's Primary Mental Abilities Tesc, the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, and the Kilder Preference Record. All test records, protocols, and scoring were furnished to clinicians. In addition, we felt clinicians should be required to know when the Rorschach or TAT protocol under examination cannot be correctly identified with the autobiographies given. Accordingly, the design of this experiment utilized unequal matching, that is, of the 6 Ss' a~~tobiographies 4 were given and 2 withheld. The same procedure was utilized for the Rorschach Sentence Conlpletion series, the TAT, and the objective battery. Different tests were