cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3177: Cas overexpression in breast cancer confers resistance to chemotherapy by evading apoptosis and overcoming G0/G1 arrest

Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy often develop resistance, resulting in highly aggressive tumors that are insensitive to drugs. Elucidating the mechanisms by which cancer cells are able to escape drug-induced apoptosis is thus paramount for developing better approaches to treat and cure breast cancer. Adriamycin is an anthracycline that is regularly used for treatment of breast cancer. Upon exposure to adriamycin, sensitive cells undergo cell death. However, as is the case for many chemotherapeutic drugs, cancer cells frequently develop resistance to adriamycin. We have previously reported that MCF-7 breast cancer cells that overexpress the adaptor molecule p130Cas (Cas) are resistant to adriamycin, whereas MCF-7 cells with endogenous levels of Cas are sensitive to the drug (Ta et al., 2006 Cancer Research). This is consistent with reports showing that high expression of Cas correlates with poor relapse-free and overall survival (Van der Flier et al., 2000 JNCI). Our group has shown that Cas overexpression results in significantly less apoptosis in the presence of adriamycin, and that, the kinase activities of c-Src and PI3K are required for this protection from apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that there is a significant increase in AKT activation when Cas-overexpressing cells are treated with adriamycin. Interestingly, while MCF-7 cells expressing endogenous levels of Cas exhibit a G1 arrest upon adriamycin treatment, the more resistant Cas-overexpressing cells effectively transit through G1 and accumulate in S-phase. This suggests that overexpression of Cas may allow damaged cells to bypass the G0/G1 DNA damage checkpoint. Indeed, both MCF-7 cells expressing either endogenous or elevated levels of Cas show similar degrees of DNA damage when treated with adriamycin, as measured by phospho-histone H2AX. We saw a similar progression through the G0/G1 checkpoint in Cas-overexpressing MCF-7 cells under conditions of serum deprivation, suggesting that high Cas expression may have a relatively global effect on G0/G1 cell cycle checkpoints in response to distinct cellular insults. Based on these data, we hypothesize that Cas overexpression enables breast cancer cells to proceed through the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest induced by conditions of stress, such as DNA damage or nutrient deprivation. Future studies will focus on determining mechanisms by which Cas overexpression allows cancer cells to bypass these cell cycle checkpoints. By gaining a better understanding of how cancer cells are able to adapt and continue to proliferate in an unfavorable environment, and develop resistance to chemotherapy, this study will further the development of better strategies for targeting this aggressive cell population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3177.
FREE ENERGY SIMULATIONS OF AXIAL CONTACTS IN SICKLE-CELL HEMOGLOBIN

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to investigate the thermodynamic stability of axial contacts in sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS). Free energy changes were evaluated for the point mutation beta 121 Glu --> Gln in the axial contact region of HbS crystals. The calculations predict a free energy change of-3.6 kcal/mol per contact for the mutation, which is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations of aggravated sickling found in the double mutant Hb D Los Angeles (beta 6 Glu --> Val. beta 121 Glu --> Gln) relative to HbS (beta 6 Glu --> Val). The beta 121 Glu is sequestered in a salt link with beta 17 Lys located on the same polypeptide chain, making the Glu interactions with its surroundings similar in aggregates and individual hemoglobins. Due to this cancellation of the large electrostatic Glu contributions, the weak nonspecific interactions between the Gln and the neighboring polypeptide chain are the main contributing factor to the enhanced aggregation of Hb D Los Angeles relative to HbS. Together with the previous study of the lateral contact [K. Kuczera et al. (1990) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, Vol. 87, pp, 8481-8485], the present results provide a more complete picture of the forces driving the sickling aggregation. A comparison of different treatments of internal flexibility in free energy simulations and analysis of rate of convergence of the different calculated properties has also been performed.
The Deliberate Duchenne Smile: Individual Differences in Expressive Control

We explored the ability to produce deliberate Duchenne smiles and individual differences in this ability. Participants engaged in both a role-play task, designed to measure quasi-naturalistic usage of the deliberate Duchenne smile, and an imitation task, designed to measure muscular capability. In the role-plays, participants were instructed to smile while enacting scripted scenarios, three representing faked positive (masked negative) affect and three representing genuine positive affect. In the imitation task, they were given photographs of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles to imitate. Rates of Duchenne smiling provided further evidence that substantial minorities of people have the ability to produce a Duchenne smile deliberately. Individual differences were evident in the consistency in producing deliberate Duchenne smiles across tasks, and in the relationship between deliberate Duchenne smiling and self-reported ability to put on convincing (false) emotion displays in everyday life.
Social role theory and the perceived gender role orientation of athletes

In this research we examined the influence of athletic roles upon the perceived gender role orientations of male and female athletes. Participants were 148 students who read a bogus newspaper article that described either a male or female athlete who had successfully competed in an athletic event. The type of sport (football, basketball, and cheerleading) was manipulated. Female football players and basketball players were perceived as higher in agency than female cheerleaders. Male cheerleaders were perceived as higher in communality than male football players and male basketball players. Participants made external attributions concerning the motivations of athletes who competed in gender traditional sports. They made internal attributions concerning the motivations of athletes who competed in gender nontraditional sports. These findings are examined in relation to social role theory.
Perceived health needs of urban African American church congregants.

Theory-based assessment of congregant expectations and needs should be conducted prior to beginning a parish nurse program. However, no such assessments are found in the literature. Using Andersen's Health Access Model as a framework, investigators conducted interviews with 117 randomly selected congregants in five urban African American churches to describe their perceived needs and expectations. Causing most concern were the following: (a) symptoms of illness--high blood pressure (50.4%), dental problems (43.6%), and back pain (41%); and (b) health habits/risks--weight (75%), exercise (63%), and diet (63%). Younger adults were significantly more concerned about all aspects of their health than their older counterparts. Women were significantly more likely to express concern about health habits and health risks than males. No significant relationship was found between perceived need and access to care. Although terming health care services "adequate", congregants expressed many unmet health needs. This seemingly contradictory finding may illuminate a concrete role for the parish nurse, i.e., addressing personal health care concerns not alleviated by the current "adequate" health care delivery system. This study's significance lies not only in providing programming guidance, but also in theoretical insights into the role of the parish nurse.
Broad-Beam Gamma Attenuation in Thin Absorbers

Abstract The investigation of broad-beam gamma attenuation by thin sections of steel, aluminum, and glass was undertaken because of a dearth of such data on these important structural materials. Evaluating the shielding capabilities of automobiles and modern buildings requires knowledge about the broad-beam attenuation of gamma radiation under the conditions of these experiments. For calculations of broad-beam gamma attenuation by thin sections of steel, assuming exponential attenuation (B n = 1.0) will not cause serious error (<10%). The buildup factors for the thin sections of aluminum and glass varied exponentially with the thickness; i.e., B n = e kx, where k was constant over the range of experiments (∼0.317 for the aluminum and glass).
Treatment of mandibular angle fractures using one noncompression miniplate

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the results in patients treated for fractures of the mandibular angle with a single miniplate. Patients and Methods: Eighty-one patients with fractures of the mandibular angle were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using one noncompression miniplate with 2.0-mm self-threading screws placed through a transoral incision. No patient was placed into postsurgical maxillomandibular fixation. They were prospectively studied for complications. Results: Thirteen patients with angle fractures (16%) experienced complications requiring secondary surgical intervention. Most of the complications (n = 11), however, were minor and could be treated in the office. Most commonly, intraoral incision and drainage and later removal of the bone plate were required. All patients with minor complications had clinical union. Only two complications required hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and further surgery. One of these patients had a fibrous union requiring a bone graft. Conclusions: The use of a single miniplate for fractures of the angle of the mandible is a simple, reliable technique with a relatively small number of major complications.
First report of Erysiphe knautiae (Erysiphales) on Lomelosia caucasica (Caucasian pincushion flower) in North America.

Erysiphe knautiae (Erysiphales) is reported for the first time in North America on Lomelosia caucasica (Caucasian Pincushion Flower, Dipsacaceae).
Fixed-dose combination pills reduced SBP and LDL-C in patients with, or at high risk for, cardiovascular disease

Source Citation Thom S, Poulter N, Field J, et al; UMPIRE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed-dose combination strategy on adherence and risk factors in patients with or at high risk of CVD: th...
Effect of broiling, grill frying and microwave cooking on moisture, some lipid components and total fatty acids of ground beef

Raw and cooked ground beef patties were analyzed for moisture, crude fat, total cholesterol and total fatty acid content. The patties were cooked by broiling, grill frying and microwave radiation (2450 MHz). In addition, broiled and frozen patties were reheated by microwaves and analyzed. Compositional differences between patties prepared by broiling and grill frying were not significant. Patties processed by microwaves were lower in moisture and crude fat as compared to those prepared by the other methods. All cooking treatments except microwave decreased cholesterol content significantly compared to raw patties; however, the differences between cooking treatments were not significant. Loss of cholesterol was proportionately less than the decrease in crude fat. Sixteen fatty acids were identified in the total lipid extract. The fatty acids C14, C16, C16:1, C18, C18:1 and C18:2 accounted for approximately 94% of the total acid measured. Significant percent composition changes occurred in the C16, C18.1 and C18:2 fatty acids as a result of the various cooking methods. The C16 acid underwent the greatest percent loss during cooking and was still further reduced in the microwave reheated precooked patties. The percent of C18:1 and C18:2 acids increased following all cooking treatments. The ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids was increased by all cooking methods with the greatest increase noted in the precooked microwave reheated patties.
Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage

In the 1994 paper by Brown, Skousen & Renton it was argued that settleability and wet-packing density were the most important physical characteristics of sludge from treatment of mine drainage. These characteristics plus zeta-potential, intrinsic viscosity, specific resistance to filtration, and coefficient of compressibility were determined for several sludge samples from passive treatment sites and for several sludge samples that were prepared in the laboratory. Sludge from passive systems had high packing density, low intrinsic viscosity, low specific resistance to filtration and low coefficient of compressibility compared to sludge that was produced after addition of NaOH.
On a cyclic connectivity property of directed graphs

Let us call a digraph D cycle-connected if for every pair of vertices u,v@?V(D) there exists a cycle containing both u and v. In this paper we study the following open problem introduced by Adam. Let D be a cycle-connected digraph. Does there exist a universal edge in D, i.e., an edge e@?E(D) such that for every w@?V(D) there exists a cycle C such that w@?V(C) and e@?E(C)? In his 2001 paper Hetyei conjectured that cycle-connectivity always implies the existence of a universal edge. In the present paper we prove the conjecture of Hetyei for bitournaments.
Herpes simplex virus type 1-induced encephalitis has an apoptotic component associated with activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) triggered apoptosis in hippocampal cultures, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry with antibody specific for the large fragment of activated caspase 3. The levels of phosphorylated (activated) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were also increased in HSV-1-infected hippocampal cultures as were the levels of activated c-Jun, its target. JNK activation was involved in HSV-1-induced apoptosis as evidenced by apoptosis inhibition with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. HSV-2 activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinase (MEK/ERK) survival pathway and did not trigger apoptosis in hippocampal cultures. The MEK specific inhibitor U0126 inhibited ERK activation and caused a significant increase in the percent TUNEL+ cells in HSV-2-infected cultures, indicating that the failure of HSV-2 to trigger apoptosis is due to its ability to activate the MEK/ERK survival pathway. JNK was also activated in brain tissues from patients with HSV-associated acute focal encephalitis (HSE) that were positive for HSV-1 antigen. JNK activation correlated with apoptosis, as determined by immunohistochemistry with antibody to activated caspase 3 or cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The data suggest that HSE has an apoptotic component that may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Properties of DNA treated with S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine and a lyase

Abstract When 35 S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)- l -cysteine (DCVC) was cleaved in vitro by a lyase from bovine kidney in the presence of DNA, there occurred a rapid uptake of radioactivity, firmly bound by the DNA to the extent of one sulfur atom per about 100 nucleotides. When denatured DNA was thus treated one 35 S became bound per about two nucleotides. Hydrolysis of such a product with pancreatic DNase and phosphodiesterase afforded dinucleotides containing one atom of 35 S per mole firmly bound in unknown manner. Coincident with binding of the 35 S-fragment the DNA became progressively changed so that it (a) had a lower buoyant density, (b) was more resistant to denaturation by heat, (c) became less susceptible to hydrolysis by pancreatic DNase and (d) lost its ability to serve as template for bacterial DNA and RNA polymerases. These changes in DNA are essentially the same as those found in DNA isolated from thymus gland, lymph node and bone marrow of calves in which aplastic anemia has been induced by a single, small dose of DCVC. Whereas the DNA from four other organs of such calves had normal properties, DNA from all sources tried became abnormal when treated in vitro with DCVC and lyase.
Antibiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

Seroepidemiology, pathology, and animal studies provide evidence for a possible association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infections and atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. If this association exists, then exposure to certain antibiotics may positively affect the clinical course after an acute ischemic cardiac event (secondary prevention) and affect the risk of developing a first-time myocardial infarction (primary prevention). Preliminary evidence from clinical trials suggests that treatment with new macrolide antibiotics may improve outcome after ischemic events, and evidence from a large case-control analysis indicates that exposure to tetracyclines or quinolones may reduce the risk of developing a first-time myocardial infarction. However, antibiotics for the treatment or prevention of ischemic heart disease must not be recommended yet. This review of published studies briefly summarizes the currently available literature on the effects of antibiotics on the risk of developing coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.
Visible and 1.54 $\mu$ m Emission From Amorphous Silicon Nitride Films by Reactive Cosputtering

In this paper, we present our main results on the structural and optical properties of light-emitting amorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) films fabricated by reactive magnetron cosputtering. In particular, we discuss the origin of the visible emission in amorphous silicon nitride films and investigate the optical emission properties of Erbium-doped amorphous silicon nitride (Er:SiNx). The mechanisms of Er excitation and de-excitation in Er:SiNx are discussed in relation to the engineering of efficient light sources at 1.54 μm for on-chip nanophotonics applications. These results suggest that Er-doped amorphous silicon nitride films have a large potential for the fabrication of optically active photonic devices based on the Si technology.
Simultaneous modeling of multiple loops in proteins

The most reliable methods for predicting protein structure are by way of homologous extension, using structural information from a closely related protein, or by "threading" through a set of predefined protein folds ("inverse folding"). Both sets of methods provide a model for the core of the protein--the structurally conserved secondary structures. Due to the large variability both in sequence and size of the loops that connect these secondary structures, they generally cannot be modeled using these techniques. Loop-closure algorithms are aimed at predicting loop structures, given their end-to-end distance. Various such algorithms have been described, and all have been tested by predicting the structure of a single loop in a known protein. In this paper we propose a method, which is based on the bond-scaling-relaxation loop-closure algorithm, for simultaneously predicting the structures of multiple loops, and demonstrate that, for two spatially close loops, simultaneous closure invariably leads to more accurate predictions than sequential closure. The accuracy of the predictions obtained for pairs of loops in the size range of 5-7 residues each is comparable to that obtained by other methods, when predicting the structures of single loops: the RMS deviations from the native conformations of various test cases modeled are approximately 0.6-1.7 A for backbone atoms and 1.1-3.3 A for all-atoms.
Transition metal complexes and the activation of dioxygen.

In order to address how diverse metalloprotein active sites, in particular those containing iron and copper, guide O2 binding and activation processes to perform diverse functions, studies of synthetic models of the active sites have been performed. These studies have led to deep, fundamental chemical insights into how O2 coordinates to mono- and multinuclear Fe and Cu centers and is reduced to superoxo, peroxo, hydroperoxo, and, after O-O bond scission, oxo species relevant to proposed intermediates in catalysis. Recent advances in understanding the various factors that influence the course of O2 activation by Fe and Cu complexes are surveyed, with an emphasis on evaluating the structure, bonding, and reactivity of intermediates involved. The discussion is guided by an overarching mechanistic paradigm, with differences in detail due to the involvement of disparate metal ions, nuclearities, geometries, and supporting ligands providing a rich tapestry of reaction pathways by which O2 is activated at Fe and Cu sites.
Structure of the ERM Protein Moesin Reveals the FERM Domain Fold Masked by an Extended Actin Binding Tail Domain

The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) protein family link actin filaments of cell surface structures to the plasma membrane, using a C-terminal F-actin binding segment and an N-terminal FERM domain, a common membrane binding module. ERM proteins are regulated by an intramolecular association of the FERM and C-terminal tail domains that masks their binding sites. The crystal structure of a dormant moesin FERM/tail complex reveals that the FERM domain has three compact lobes including an integrated PTB/PH/ EVH1 fold, with the C-terminal segment bound as an extended peptide masking a large surface of the FERM domain. This extended binding mode suggests a novel mechanism for how different signals could produce varying levels of activation. Sequence conservation suggests a similar regulation of the tumor suppressor merlin.
Multi–Detector Row CT of Mesenteric Ischemia: Can It Be Done?

Mesenteric ischemia is a complicated disorder whose prevalence in the United States is increasing as the population ages. It is often difficult to diagnose, both clinically and radiologically. In the past, computed tomography (CT) has allowed only limited success in the early detection of ischemia. However, with the introduction of multi–detector row CT and three-dimensional (3D) imaging, it is now possible to perform a detailed CT examination of the small bowel and mesenteric vessels. Multi–detector row CT allows routine studies to be performed much faster than with single-detector CT scanners and makes available new applications, especially in the field of CT angiography. Its increased speed and narrower collimation, coupled with the use of water as an oral contrast agent, improve visualization of the bowel wall and mesenteric vasculature. Multi–detector row CT with 3D reformatting may improve the ability to make an early diagnosis and identify the cause of disease in patients with suspected acute or ch...
A Novel Method For The Diffusion Of Boron In 60-80 Micron Size Natural Diamond Type II/A Powder

The purpose of this paper is to report the experimental results of boron doping on 60-80 micron size diamond particles using Field Enhanced Diffusion with Optical activation (FEDOA) [1-5]. Diamond is a wide band gap material with unique combinations of optical, thermal, mechanical and electronic properties that can be useful for a number of applications including optoelectronic applications and micro sensor technology. The incorporation of boron into diamond has been proven to change its electrical properties and convert the diamond from insulator to a p-type semiconductor [3]. A promising technique for incorporation of impurities into diamond is FEDOA. FEDOA drives impurities into single crystalline diamond material and we have used this method in this study [5-7]. FEDOA uses a combination of thermal diffusion with bias plus thermal ionization and optical ionization I simultaneously. A modified version of FEDOA was implemented for the diffusion of boron in natural diamond type II/a powder of size 60-80 microns (Figure 1). The diamond powder was obtained from Microdiamant and has 99.9purity. The boron powder used in the experiment was amorphous, 325 mesh 90 %(Assay), Mg (5%) nominal obtained from AESAR. A ratio of 3:1 Boron-Diamond mixture was used for the doping process. A heating element and a diamond-boron powder mixture holder were designed and incorporated in the FEDOA system. Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the diamond-doped morphology and identify impurities. Boron and hydrogen concentration results in the doped samples were studied using Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR). Raman analysis of the treated samples was done as part of this work. The experimental results and analysis show that the samples were doped with boron. It was also found that samples with high boron concentration exhibited a high electrical conductivity. This work presents additional evidence that boron can be diffused into natural diamond powders. It also demonstrates that the FEDOA diffusion process is not only a powerful technique for the diffusion of impurities into wide band-gap materials in the form of single crystal plates, polycrystalline plate but also in a powder form with the modified FEDOA process.
The Effect of Egg Cartons on Interior Quality and Breakage of Shell Eggs

Abstract Protection of the egg through marketing channels is a major function of an egg carton. Most important in this protection is the prevention of breakage of the egg shell. The egg carton also may provide protection to the interior quality of the egg. It is known that refrigeration is probably one of the best protectors of interior egg quality. Sealing of fresh eggs with oil spray (Stad elman and Wilson, 1958), silicone grease (Hard et al., 1963), or lime water (Brooks and Taylor, 1955 ), or by sealing in a container (Cotterill and Gardner, 1957), or by added CO2 (Kenda1l et al., 1968) have all been reported to protect interior egg quality.…
Nutrient intake in community-dwelling adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and in healthy adolescents

Background Adolescence is a common time for the onset of anorexia nervosa (AN), a condition associated with long-term medical and hormonal consequences.
Effects of heterozygous lipoprotein lipase deficiency on diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice

Heterozygous lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPL+/-) is common and has been implicated in premature atherosclerosis in epidemiologic studies. However, in vitro data suggest that LPL deficiency in the vascular wall may be antiatherogenic. To address the role of LPL in atherosclerosis, LPL+/- mice in the C57BL/6J background were fed an atherogenic diet for 8 months. LPL+/- mice were more dyslipidemic than +/+ animals due to increased concentrations of non-HDL lipoproteins. There was no difference in aortic origin atherosclerosis between LPL+/- (n=56) and +/+ (n=55) mice. LPL+/- mice in the low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) background were fed the same atherogenic diet for 3 months. LPL+/-LDLR-/- mice were more dyslipidemic than LPL+/+LDLR-/- animals. There was no difference in atherosclerosis assayed for the entire aorta and no difference in aortic sterol content between LPL+/-LDLR-/- (n=28) and LPL+/+LDLR-/- (n=15) mice. LPL protein was detected in murine lesions in a consistent layered pattern. More luminal, lipid-laden macrophages generally did not stain for LPL, but deeper, lipid-poor macrophages as well as necrotic core regions contained immunoreactive LPL. LPL protein was more abundant in lesions from LPL+/+ LDLR-/- than LPL+/-LDLR-/- mice. After eating an atherogenic diet, LPL+/- as compared to LPL+/+ mice have more dyslipidemia, but no more atherosclerosis, and less LPL protein in atherosclerotic lesions. These data suggest that lipoprotein lipase deficiency in the vascular wall could prevent the retention of atherogenic lipoproteins.
Vibration frequencies for a non-uniform beam with end mass

Abstract This study deals with the determination of natural frequencies of a non-uniform cantilever beam which carries a concentrated mass at the free end. The effect of the rotary inertia of the end mass has been included. Numerical results for the first five eigenfrequencies are presented for a wide range of values of the beam dimensions and the concentrated mass.
Amygdala sensitivity to race is not present in childhood but emerges over adolescence

Neuroimaging research in adults has consistently found that differential perception of race is associated with increased amygdala activity. We hypothesized that such neural biases unlikely reflect innate processes but instead emerge over development. In the current study, we used fMRI to examine the neurodevelopmental trajectory of the amygdala in response to race across childhood and adolescence ranging from 4 to 16 years. Thirty-two youths viewed African American and European American faces during a functional brain scan. Results suggest that differential amygdala response to African American faces does not emerge until adolescence, reflecting the increasing salience of race across development. In addition, greater peer diversity was associated with attenuated amygdala response to African American faces, suggesting that intergroup racial contact may reduce the salience of race.
Intel automation and its role in process development and high volume manufacturing

In this paper, the evolution of fab automation within Intel over the past decade and its increasing role in enabling process technology development and high volume manufacturing in the era of nanotechnology is presented. Silicon manufacturing technology faces a number of challenges, which include - growing manufacturing process complexity, increasing need to be cost effective, and need for tighter process control to maintain product yield. Given these challenges, a higher level of factory automation is becoming increasingly important to maintain competitive advantage and technology leadership in the semi-conductor industry. This paper will cover four areas: a) Automation role in Intel's technology module development and manufacturing; b) Automation Capabilities roadmap which includes a historical perspective starting from 200 mm and it's evolution to the current 90/65 nm technology generations in 300 mm manufacturing c) Automation framework based architecture strategy to deliver cost-efficient technology enabling solutions; d) Intel's Next Generation Manufacturing Execution System (NGMES) migration effort and results to date. This paper is concluded by summarizing key learning to date and look-ahead on emerging challenges.
Constructing Word Similarities in Meroitic as an Aid to Decipherment

Meroitic is the still undeciphered language of the ancient civilization of Kush. Over the years, various techniques for decipherment such as finding a bilingual text or cognates from modern or other ancient languages in the Sudan and surrounding areas has not been successful. Using techniques borrowed from information theory and natural language statistics, similar words are paired and attempts are made to use currently defined words to extract at least partial meaning from unknown words.
Effects of a Story Reading Program on the Literacy Development of At-Risk Kindergarten Children:

The present study investigated the effects of a storybook reading program as one means for literacy development with at-risk students in eight Chapter I, extendedday, urban kindergartens. Children in four experimental classes followed a daily program of literature experiences that included reading for pleasure, story retelling, repeated readings of favorite stories, interactive story reading, recreational reading periods, and others. During the same period of time, students in four control groups followed the prescribed reading readiness program used in the district that emphasized letter recognition and letter-sound correspondence. Based on the results of pretests in September and posttests in May, the experimental groups scored significantly better than the control groups on story retellings, attempted reading of favorite stories, comprehension tests, and other measures. There were no significant differences between the groups on standardized measures of reading readiness.
Residual regolith derived from the biotite-controlled weathering of Cretaceous tonalite–quartz diorite, Peninsular Ranges, southern California, USA: A case study

Abstract Though K-feldspar-free tonalite and quartz diorite are common plutonic rocks in exhumed continental-margin magmatic arc rocks around the globe, how they weather has not been extensively studied. We therefore undertook an investigation aimed at understanding how an approximately 6-m thick section of residual regolith (saprock and overlying Alfisol) developed from Cretaceous K-feldspar-free tonalite and quartz diorite at Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, southern California, USA. We analyzed three samples of soil, 10 of saprock, and 10 of corestone for their major, trace, and rare earth element compositions. Thin sections of each major textural group also were studied and point counted. Common XRD techniques were used to determine clay mineralogy. Three samples of soil and five of saprock were analyzed for their pH. Within the saprock, an extensive network of cracks was likely produced by the volumetric expansion that accompanied the conversion of biotite to vermiculite. Migrating near neutral fluids responsible for this conversion resulted in a loss of K mass and affected several trace elements that are commonly found in biotite, but with the exception of an interval between 177 and 270 cm, left most other major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) little affected. Within the 177 to 270 cm interval, at a depth of 208 cm, relative to the immobile framework, incongruent leaching of plagioclase by acidic solutions, resulted in the losses of Si, Al, Ca, Na, Pb, Sr, and Ga mass. In contrast, more neutral solutions added heavy REE (HREE) and Y mass at 177 to 237 cm depths, while acidic solutions removed REE and Y mass at 270 cm depth. In the soil, acidic solutions attacked plagioclase, biotite, and apatite leaching and removing, relative to the immobile framework, Ca, Na, Mg, K, and P mass. In addition, the dissolution of apatite resulted in depletions in HREE and Y mass. None of the elemental mass removed from the soil accumulated in the directly underlying saprock, and must have been removed from the near vertical plane of sampling. Within the saprock, the above changes are mostly the result of near neutral pH water/rock interactions occurring within a warm and dry Holocene climate. Identified changes in elemental mass, other than those associated with the conversion of biotite to vermiculite, are localized and are likely the result of the paths taken by fluids with differing pH moving through the complex network of cracks. Any model purporting to describe the evolution of residual regolith must explain such natural complexities.
Re-Forming the Megacity: Calcutta and the Rural–Urban Interface

The city of Calcutta (renamed Kolkata in 2001) is a stark manifestation of the stereotype of the Third World megacity. Imagined as a “black hole” of poverty, deprivation, disease, and suffering, Calcutta is seen as the quintessential urban problem, in need of reform and intervention. Such a stereotype rests on two key assumptions. First, it is assumed that the “crisis” of the megacity is synonymous with the crisis of poverty and its concentration in slums, squatter settlements, and other types of urban informality − for example Mike Davis’s (2006) apocalyptic narrative of a “planet of slums.” Second, such megacities are assumed to be disconnected from systems of global capitalism and thus understood to be “off the map” − this occurs, for example, in the global cities/world cities framework of Sassen (1991) and others (for an important critique of the global cities framework, see Robinson 2002).
Record annual mean warmth over Europe, the northeast Pacific, and the northwest Atlantic during 2014: Assessment of anthropogenic influence

Introduction. HadCRUT4v3 observed surface temperature data (Morice et al. 2012) indicate that during 2014, record annual mean warm anomalies occurred in regions of Europe, the eastern North Pacific region (EPac), and the western North Atlantic (WAtl) (Fig. 13.1b). Considering the 5° × 5° grid cells with at least 100 years of coverage, 12% of this area globally set a new warm record during 2014, and none set a cold record (Fig. 13.1b). Globally since 1990, there have been almost no cold annual mean records observed at this spatial scale (Knutson et al. 2013). The unprecedented warm surface temperature anomalies in 2014 were accompanied by anomalous atmospheric circulations, changes in seasonal weather, and adverse effects on regional ecosystems (Bond et al. 2015). To explore the possible contributions of anthropogenic radiative forcings to these unprecedented regional warm anomalies, we use a 25-model set of historical all-forcing (anthropogenic + natural) and control (unforced) climate model runs, along with a 10-model set of natural-forcing-only ensemble historical runs from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5-All and CMIP5–Nat; Taylor et al. 2012). Many of our methods follow Knutson et al. (2013, 2014), and some descriptive text is derived from these reports with minor modification.
Electroreflectance imaging of gold–H3PO4 supercapacitors. Part I: experimental methodology

Electroreflectance microscopy is demonstrated as a high-resolution, non-contact method to image dynamic charge distribution in integrated microsupercapacitor structures during fast voltage cycling. Electroreflectance camera images of a gold electrode H3PO4 polymer electrolyte microsupercapacitor reveal time varying charge distribution with submicron spatial resolution, millisecond time resolution, and electroreflectance resolution on the order of 500 nC cm(-2). A model describing changes in the metal electrode's optical constants as a function of free electron concentration shows good agreement with measured electroreflectance. The proposed method can be used for sensitive, non-contact measurements of charge spatial distribution, and defect and performance characterization in electrode-electrolyte microdevices.
How can next-generation diagnostics aid pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment?

Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 773 702 7596; Fax: +1 773 702 3163; dcatenac@bsd.uchicago.edu
Infiltrative pattern of carcinomatosis in extremity muscles on MRI

Carcinomas can cause an unusual, infiltrative pattern of metastatic carcinoma in extremity muscles on MRI. To assess this pattern, reports of MRI exams of 907 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively to identify those that mentioned muscle metastasis or myositis in an extremity. Thirty-six (4%) of those reports described muscle metastasis (n=18) or myositis (n=18); based on medical record review and imaging follow-up, 17 cases represented metastases. Metastases manifested as an infiltrative carcinomatosis pattern in five patients, resulted from primary esophageal or gastric adenocarcinomas, and often were misdiagnosed as myositis.
Norms verses Expectations in Explaining Consumer Satisfaction

In recent years, consumer behavior and marketing researchers have shown an increasing interest in research that exp;ains the consumer satisfaction process. The focal point of this research has been the disconfirmation paradigm (Figure One) (Churchill and Suprenant, 1982; Oliver, 1981; Swan, 1977). In this paradigm, the consumer brings into the pruchas process a prediction of future brand/product performance (expectation). After using the brand/product, the consumer uses the expectation as a standard of comparison in comparing perceived performance with the expectation. The expectation is confirmed or dis-confirmed. Confirmation occurs when the perceived performance level of the brand/product matches the level of the expectation. It can be thought of as a point between degrees of positive and negative disconfirmation. When the perceived performance level of the brand/product does not equal the level of the expectation, disconfirmation occurs. Positive disconfirmation results when the level of perceived performance is greater than the level of performance while negative disconfirmation results when the perceived performance level is lower than the level of expectation (Churchill and Suprenant, 1982; Swan, 1977). Satisfaction results from confirmation or positive disconfirmation while dissatisfaction results from negative disconfirmation (Woodruff, Cadotte and Jenkins, 1983; Oliver, 1982).
When (distant) relatives stay too long: implications for cancer medicine

Whole-genome analyses of human medulloblastomas show that the dominant clone at relapse is present as a rare subclone at primary diagnosis.
Pyridoxine responsive anemia in the human adult.

SummaryAn adult patient is reported with hematologic abnormalities that were unresponsive to the usual hematopoietic agents, and characterized by a hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, high serum iron and high per cent iron binding protein saturation. Measurements of the abnormal urinary excretion of the metabolites of 1-tryptophan following oral loading tests demonstrated an alteration in the metabolism of this amino acid. The clinical and laboratory abnormalities wrere promptly reverted to normal, and hematological remission followed intramuscular administration of pyridoxine hydrochloride.
Prevention and treatment of liver allograft antibody-mediated rejection and the role of the 'two-hit hypothesis'.

Purpose of reviewThe review outlines the diagnosis, prevention strategies, and possible treatment options for acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).Recent findingsAlthough rare, severe acute AMR (aAMR) usually occurs in patients with high mean fluorescence intensity despite serial dilu
Asymptotically optimal feedback planning using a numerical Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman solver and an adaptive mesh refinement

We present the first asymptotically optimal feedback planning algorithm for nonholonomic systems and additive cost functionals. Our algorithm is based on three well-established numerical practices: 1 positive coefficient numerical approximations of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations; 2 the Fast Marching Method, which is a fast nonlinear solver that utilizes Bellman's dynamic programming principle for efficient computations; and 3 an adaptive mesh-refinement algorithm designed to improve the resolution of an initial simplicial mesh and reduce the solution numerical error. By refining the discretization mesh globally, we compute a sequence of numerical solutions that converges to the true viscosity solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations. In order to reduce the total computational cost of the proposed planning algorithm, we find that it is sufficient to refine the discretization within a small region in the vicinity of the optimal trajectory. Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical findings and establish that our algorithm outperforms previous asymptotically optimal planning algorithms, such as PRM* and RRT*.
Sepsis mimicking thyroid storm in a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis

Agranulocytosis is a rare yet life-threatening complication of methimazole therapy for hyperthyroidism. We present the case of a 37-year-old female recently started on methimazole for hyperthyroidism who presented to our facility for evaluation of suspected thyroid storm. In addition to having abnormal thyroid indices, she was noted to have an odontogenic abscess, and was septic with profound neutropenia. Her symptoms resolved quickly following incision and drainage of her abscess and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Her neutrophil count improved significantly following cessation of methimazole and administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Diagnosis was initially confounded by the similarity between symptoms of early sepsis and those of thyroid storm. This case report discusses the factors leading to diagnostic delay and highlights the dangerous manifestations of neutropenia in patients on methimazole therapy.
Combining optimization methods with response spectra curve-fitting toward improved damping ratio estimation

Abstract The authors have previously shown that many traditional approaches to operational modal analysis (OMA) struggle to properly identify the modal damping ratios for bridges under traffic loading due to the interference caused by the driving frequencies of the traffic loads. This paper presents a novel methodology for modal parameter estimation in OMA that overcomes the problems presented by driving frequencies and significantly improves the damping estimates. This methodology is based on finding the power spectral density (PSD) of a given modal coordinate, and then dividing the modal PSD into separate regions, left- and right-side spectra. The modal coordinates were found using a blind source separation (BSS) algorithm and a curve-fitting technique was developed that uses optimization to find the modal parameters that best fit each side spectra of the PSD. Specifically, a pattern-search optimization method was combined with a clustering analysis algorithm and together they were employed in a series of stages in order to improve the estimates of the modal damping ratios. This method was used to estimate the damping ratios from a simulated bridge model subjected to moving traffic loads. The results of this method were compared to other established OMA methods, such as Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) and BSS methods, and they were found to be more accurate and more reliable, even for modes that had their PSDs distorted or altered by driving frequencies.
Pathogen Molecular Identification and Pathogenicity Testing of Fusarium wilt from Tomatoes,Eggplants and Peppers

The occurrence characteristics and symptoms of Fusarium wilt from the solanaceae crops were investigated and the symptomatic plants from tomatoes,eggplants and peppers were collected in Fujian Province.Forty isolates were obtained and identified by Booths method and molecular identification method.The results showed that thirty-five isolates were Fusarium oxysproum and the rate was 87.5%,whereas three isolates were F.moniliforme and two isolates were F.solani.And,the results of pathogenicity testing confirmed that F.oxysproum were pathogen which caused wilt disease of the solanaceae wilt,however,three isolates of F.moniliforme and two isolates of F.solani did not caused the wilt symptoms of host.