cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of temperature on survival and development of first instar Monellia caryella, Monelliopsis pecanis, and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

First instar nymphs of Monellia caryella (Fitch), Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell, and Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis), were exposed to temperatures of 25, 30, 35, and 40° C for up to 9 days. Test a...
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in polyarticular septic arthritis.

OBJECTIVES Septic polyarthritis is rarer than septic monoarthritis, but associated with higher mortality. Septic polyarthritis may be difficult to distinguish clinically from noninfectious inflammatory arthritis. We describe one of the largest samples of septic polyarthritis with the aim of distinguishing septic monoarthritis from polyarthritis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of adults admitted to tertiary care with septic monoarthritis and polyarthritis. Baseline characteristics, microbial profiles, joint involvement, length of stay, and 60-day readmission rates were determined. RESULTS We identified 464 and 42 cases of septic monoarthritis and polyarthritis, respectively, including 7 cases of septic polyarthritis with comorbid rheumatoid arthritis. Compared to those with septic monoarthritis, patients with septic polyarthritis were more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis (P<0.01), sepsis (P<0.01), and higher peripheral (P<0.001) and synovial (P<0.001) white blood cell counts. Operative intervention rates were similar, but mean length of stay was longer in polyarticular septic arthritis (P<0.001). Patients with septic polyarthritis with/without underlying rheumatoid arthritis were similar in terms of presenting features and outcomes, except for more frequent immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of patients with septic arthritis, patients with septic polyarthritis were more likely to have systemic infection at presentation than those with septic monoarthritis. Despite this difference, patients with septic monoarthritis and polyarthritis tended to have similar outcomes. While rheumatoid arthritis was observed more frequently among patients with septic polyarthritis, those with/without underlying rheumatoid arthritis had similar presenting features and outcomes.
Semilinear Parabolic Equations: Mobile Point Controls Versus Locally Distributed Ones

In this chapter we show that, for a rather general class of 1-D semilinear parabolic equations with Lipschitz nonlinear terms, the degenerate mobile point controls can provide the same controllability results as the nondegenerate locally distributed ones. To ensure this, one needs at most two point controls that move along trajectories satisfying certain explicit differential inequalities. We also discuss some extensions of the main results to the superlinear terms and to the case of several dimensions.
Variable importance-weighted random forests

Background Random Forests is a popular classification and regression method that has proven powerful for various prediction problems in biological studies. However, its performance often deteriorates when the number of features increases. To address this limitation, feature elimination Random Forests was proposed that only uses features with the largest variable importance scores. Yet the performance of this method is not satisfying, possibly due to its rigid feature selection, and increased correlations between trees of forest. Methods We propose variable importance-weighted Random Forests, which instead of sampling features with equal probability at each node to build up trees, samples features according to their variable importance scores, and then select the best split from the randomly selected features. Results We evaluate the performance of our method through comprehensive simulation and real data analyses, for both regression and classification. Compared to the standard Random Forests and the feature elimination Random Forests methods, our proposed method has improved performance in most cases. Conclusions By incorporating the variable importance scores into the random feature selection step, our method can better utilize more informative features without completely ignoring less informative ones, hence has improved prediction accuracy in the presence of weak signals and large noises. We have implemented an R package "viRandomForests" based on the original R package "randomForest" and it can be freely downloaded from http://zhaocenter.org/software.
Does Side Matter?: A Retrospective Study Exploring the Side Preference of Abnormal Hypermetabolic Adrenal Activity

Abstract: Hypermetabolic adrenal activity can be seen on F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) in patients undergoing evaluation for malignancy. The adrenal glands are bilateral organs that are anatomically similar to each other with no differences to arterial supply. They are also a common site of metastases. A retrospective study of 1135 patients with tumors at a veteran hospital was performed to see if hypermetabolic adrenal activity was more common on the left or right. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant side preference, with hypermetabolic activity occurring significantly more often in the left adrenal gland.Â
The Anomeric Effect: It's Complicated.

The origin of the anomeric effect has been reexamined in a coordinated experimental and computational investigation. The results of these studies implicate a number of different, but correlated, interactions that in the aggregate are responsible for the anomeric effect. No single factor is uniquely responsible for the axial preference of a substituent that is the hallmark of the anomeric effect. A CH···G nonbonded attraction between a polar axial substituent (G) and the syn-axial hydrogen(s) in the heterocycle has been demonstrated experimentally. The hyperconjugation model involving electron transfer from a ring heteroatom to an excited state of an axial C–G bond was shown to be, at most, a minor contributor because of the very small changes in charge density at the ring heteroatom(s): the main charge transfer is from hydrogen to G in the H–C–G unit. This appears to result from lengthening the C–G bond to minimize repulsion with the ring atom lone pair(s) and the advantage of having a more positive hydro...
Observations of the Structure of the Surface Temperature Field at an Air-Water Interface for Stable and Unstable Cases

The thermal structure of an air-water interface is investigated by examining thermal imagery obtained from a high resolution infrared (IR) sensor. The experiments were performed at the ASIST facility at the University of Miami for wind speeds ranging from approximately 2 ms−1 to 10 ms−1 and for flux based Richardson numbers ranging from about 10−2 to 10−5. Two cases were examined: (1) the so-called cool-skin case where the water surface was significantly cooler than the bulk water temperature and (2) the warm-skin case where the water surface was warmer than the bulk. In the cool-skin case, the low wind speed results reveal a cellular structure reminiscent of earlier results in which the lateral length scale of the cells (or fish-scales) varies as the inverse of the friction velocity. The imagery clearly reveals the progression from non-breaking gravity waves, to a system of omnidirectional breaking which seems to create a nearly isotropic surface temperature field. Though no wind waves were present at low wind speeds, the thermal imagery reveals the existence of persistent, highly coherent, Langmuir-like cell structures which were marked by surface convergent zones in which ambient surfactant may have accumulated. Imagery obtained for the case in which the water-side thermal boundary layer is stable constitutes a novel aspect of this work. In this warm-skin case, the cellular (fish-scale) structure appears as it does in the unstable case, strongly suggesting that these small scale features are due to shear instabilities in the surface layer. In addition, they are more clearly revealed as the natural convective instability of the thermal boundary layer is suppressed. This appears to reduce the appearance of the smallest scales of surface turbulence.
Physics After τ and Υ

The unification program for weak and electromagnetic interactions is in a relatively quiescent stage at this time. We have reached a curious state of affairs. The standard model, the SU(2) × U(l) gauge theory with four quarks, four leptons and one complex Higgs doublet is very successful insofar as the phenomenology of these quarks and leptons is concerned. At the same time it is obvious that the standard model is incomplete. We must incorporate at least one new charged lepton, τ, and its neutrino and at least one new quark. This is the bottom quark b with charge Q = -1/3. The existence of this fifth quark is strongly suggested1 by the discovery of the Υ.
Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a major problem with more than an estimated 76 million people worldwide meeting the diagnostic criteria. Current treatments are limited to three FDA-approved medications that are largely ineffective even when combined with psychosocial intervention, as is evident by the high relapse rate. As such, the search for more novel treatments represents an important public health goal. To this end, the following protocol utilizes two simple rodent drinking models to assess the preclinical efficacy of lead anti-alcohol compounds: two-bottle choice (TBC) and drinking in the dark (DID). The former allows mice to voluntary drink in moderation while the latter induces mice to voluntary consume a large amount of alcohol in a short period that mimics binge drinking. The simple and high throughput nature of both of these paradigms allow for rapid screening of pharmacological agents or for identifying strains of mice that exhibit certain voluntary drinking behavior.
Measles: A dangerous vaccine-preventable disease returns

Although a safe and effective vaccine has been available for over 6 decades, vaccine hesitancy in the United States and social and political unrest globally have led to undervaccination. As a result, in recent months, vaccine control of measles has been threatened with an alarming upswing in measles cases nationally and internationally. Here, we review the disease and its management in view of recent outbreaks.
Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant

Abstract Introduction: Hairy cell leukemia-variant (HCL-V) is an uncommon disorder, accounting for approximately 0.4% of chronic lymphoid malignancies and 10% of all HCL cases, without sexual predominance. Here is an attempt to submit a rare case presentation of HCL-V. Case:A 66 year old female presented to the clinic after she was referred from her primary care for further evaluation of pancytopenia. Past medical history was significant for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Splenomegaly was noted on examination. Initial bloodwork showed a leukocyte count of 4.9, hemoglobin level of 11.8, platelet count of 78. LDH was 166. CT scan showed significant splenomegaly along with retroperitoneal adenopathy. Peripheral blood flow cytometry demonstrated a CD11c positive monoclonal B cell population suggestive of Hairy Cell Leukemia variant, positive for CD19, CD20, CD22, CD45, CD52, and kappa (moderate-bright), negative for CD5, CD10, CD23, CD38, CD103, CD123, BRAF V600. Left shift myeloid elements were noted but no significant myeloid blasts were noticed. She was diagnosed HCL-V with 17p deletion and 90% marrow involvement. She was treated with 8 doses Rituximab. After 1 year, she relapsed and was started on Cladribine and Rituximab weekly for 8 doses. She relapsed 1 year after Cladribine and Rituximab with splenomegaly and cytopenias, and she was started on Ibrutinib. 4 months after treatment with Ibrutinib, her cytopenias improved with normalization of spleen size. She is tolerating off label medication Ibrutinib well and currently asymptomatic. Discussion: This case represents an extremely rare hematological malignancy a distinct case of HCL-v due to 17p deletion and refractory to multiple therapies. Patients with multiply relapsed HCL-v are also appropriate candidates for moxetumomab pasudotox because HCL-v retains a high level of expression of CD22. Hairy cell leukemia variant is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder whose characteristics resemble the classic form and splenic marginal zone lymphoma, making differential diagnosis essential for therapeutic follow-up, as hairy cell leukemia variant has a decreased response to drugs prescribed for the classic form. Immunophenotyping is a key tool for diagnosis, as some markers are different between these neoplasms. Therefore, immunophenotyping, clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical manifestations must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Religion in Prison

This chapter explores religion in American prisons, paying special attention to the practice of Islam.
Protein covariance networks reveal interactions important to the emergence of SARS coronaviruses as human pathogens

SARS-CoV-2 is one of three recognized coronaviruses (CoVs) that have caused epidemics or pandemics in the 21 st century and that have likely emerged from animal reservoirs based on genomic similarities to bat and other animal viruses. Here we report the analysis of conserved interactions between amino acid residues in proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-related viruses. We identified pairs and networks of residue variants that exhibited statistically high frequencies of covariance with each other. While these interactions are likely key to both protein structure and other protein-protein interactions, we have also found that they can be used to provide a new computational approach (CoVariance-based Phylogeny Analysis) for understanding viral evolution and adaptation. Our data provide evidence that the evolutionary processes that converted a bat virus into human pathogen occurred through recombination with other viruses in combination with new adaptive mutations important for entry into human cells.
PIK3CG Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Androgen Receptor-Indifferent Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

The prostate epithelium consists of predominantly luminal cells that express androgen receptor and require androgens for growth. As a consequence, the depletion of testicular androgens in patients with prostate cancer results in tumor regression. However, it eventually leads to a castration-resistant disease that is highly metastatic. In this report, a mouse model of metastatic prostate cancer was generated through the deletion of the tumor-suppressor gene Trp53 in conjunction with oncogenic activation of the proto-oncogene Kras. These mice developed early-onset metastatic prostate cancer with complete penetrance. Tumors from these mice were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, characterized by extensive epithelial–mesenchymal transition. With no or a very low level of androgen receptor expression, the tumor cells were resistant to androgen receptor inhibition. Pik3cg, encoding phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit γ (Pi3kγ), was highly expressed in these tumors, and pharmacologic inhibition of Pi3kγ blocked tumor cell growth in vitro, reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and abated tumor metastasis in vivo. Immunohistochemistry analysis in human prostate cancer specimens showed that the expression of PIK3CG was significantly associated with advanced clinical stages. Taken together, these results suggest that PIK3CG plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer, and may represent a new therapeutic target in the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
A Survey of Complex-Valued Neural Networks.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) based machine learning models and especially deep learning models have been widely applied in computer vision, signal processing, wireless communications, and many other domains, where complex numbers occur either naturally or by design. However, most of the current implementations of ANNs and machine learning frameworks are using real numbers rather than complex numbers. There are growing interests in building ANNs using complex numbers, and exploring the potential advantages of the so-called complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) over their real-valued counterparts. In this paper, we discuss the recent development of CVNNs by performing a survey of the works on CVNNs in the literature. Specifically, a detailed review of various CVNNs in terms of activation function, learning and optimization, input and output representations, and their applications in tasks such as signal processing and computer vision are provided, followed by a discussion on some pertinent challenges and future research directions.
Human-centered development of an electronic health record-embedded, interactive information visualization in the emergency department using fast healthcare interoperability resources.

OBJECTIVE Develop and evaluate an interactive information visualization embedded within the electronic health record (EHR) by following human-centered design (HCD) processes and leveraging modern health information exchange standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied an HCD process to develop a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) application that displays a patient's asthma history to clinicians in a pediatric emergency department. We performed a preimplementation comparative system evaluation to measure time on task, number of screens, information retrieval accuracy, cognitive load, user satisfaction, and perceived utility and usefulness. Application usage and system functionality were assessed using application logs and a postimplementation survey of end users. RESULTS Usability testing of the Asthma Timeline Application demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in time on task (P < .001), number of screens (P < .001), and cognitive load (P < .001) for clinicians when compared to base EHR functionality. Postimplementation evaluation demonstrated reliable functionality and high user satisfaction. DISCUSSION Following HCD processes to develop an application in the context of clinical operations/quality improvement is feasible. Our work also highlights the potential benefits and challenges associated with using internationally recognized data exchange standards as currently implemented. CONCLUSION Compared to standard EHR functionality, our visualization increased clinician efficiency when reviewing the charts of pediatric asthma patients. Application development efforts in an operational context should leverage existing health information exchange standards, such as FHIR, and evidence-based mixed methods approaches.
Peculiar Rhetoric: Slavery, Freedom and the African Colonization Movement: by Bjørn F. Stillion Southard, Jackson, MS, The University Press of Mississippi, 2019, 176 pp., $99 (hardcover), ISBN 9781496823694, $30 (paperback), ISBN 9781496823830.

My reading of Peculiar Rhetoric was framed by three events that transpired in the second half of 2019. First was the passing of Toni Morrison at eighty-eight; second was the 400th anniversary of th...
The Political Economy of Criminal Procedure Litigation

Criminal procedure has undergone several well-documented shifts in its doctrinal foundations since the Supreme Court first began to apply the Constitution’s criminal procedure protections to the States. This Article examines the ways in which the political economy of criminal litigation – specifically, the material conditions that determine which litigants are able to raise criminal procedure claims, and which of those litigants’ cases are appealed to the United States Supreme Court – has influenced these shifts. It offers a theoretical framework for understanding how the political economy of criminal litigation shapes constitutional doctrine, according to which an increase in the number of indigent defense or-ganizations has expanded the Supreme Court’s freedom to select cases that frame constitutional issues in ways that conform to the ideological preferences of the Court’s Justices. This framework exposes a potential, but heretofore unidentified, link between the Warren Court’s decision in Gideon v. Wainwright and the relative conservatism of contemporary criminal procedure doctrine. Specifically, by mandating the creation of a vast number of state-subsidized organizations representing poor defendants, the Court’s deci-sion in Gideon weakened the power that such organizations once had to constrain the Supreme Court’s criminal procedure agenda. This Article thus complicates the traditional narrative of constitutional criminal pro-cedure’s doctrinal shifts, in which the liberal innovations of the Warren Court were simply eclipsed by the decisions of later and more conserva-tive Courts, by attending to the economic and institutional conditions that underpin those shifts.
The Impact of Persistent Irritability on the Medication Treatment of Paediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This study compares the efficacy and tolerability of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without prominent irritability (IRR) over the course of 30 months. This is a secondary analysis of a study examining growth patterns in medication naive children with ADHD subsequently treated with CNS stimulants (predominantly OROS-Methylphenidate, up to 54 mg per day) for 30 months. Participants had to meet full diagnostic criteria for ADHD and been treated with CNS stimulants for under 30 days. Children were classified as IRR if they were rated as pretty much or very much on either of the "often angry" or easily annoyed" items plus "lose temper," items of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS). Structured ratings of ADHD symptoms, impairment, side effects, and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were collected every 2-12 weeks for the duration of the study. Medication use was measured by pill count and parent report. The IRR group comprised 28% of all participants. The IRR group had significantly higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, impairment, and side effects ratings at baseline. In the IRR group, ODD symptoms, emotional lability, and impairment significantly decreased for participants with higher medication use. Total side effects increased for non-IRR participants with higher medication use. Emotional side effects decreased for IRR participants with higher medication use. Central nervous system stimulants were a tolerable and efficacious treatment in treatment naive youth with ADHD with irritability. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01109849.
Questioning the Yelp Effect: Mixed Methods Analysis of Web-Based Reviews of Urgent Cares.

Background: Providers of on-demand care, such as those in urgent care centers, may prescribe antibiotics unnecessarily because they fear receiving negative reviews on web-based platforms from unsatisfied patients—the so-called Yelp effect. This effect is hypothesized to be a significant driver of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, which exacerbates antibiotic resistance. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency with which patients left negative reviews on web-based platforms after they expected to receive antibiotics in an urgent care setting but did not. Methods: We obtained a list of 8662 urgent care facilities from the Yelp application programming interface. By using this list, we automatically collected 481,825 web-based reviews from Google Maps between January 21 and February 10, 2019. We used machine learning algorithms to summarize the contents of these reviews. Additionally, 200 randomly sampled reviews were analyzed by 4 annotators to verify the types of messages present and whether they were consistent with the Yelp effect. Results: We collected 481,825 reviews, of which 1696 (95% CI 1240-2152) exhibited the Yelp effect. Negative reviews primarily identified operations issues regarding wait times, rude staff, billing, and communication. Conclusions: Urgent care patients rarely express expectations for antibiotics in negative web-based reviews. Thus, our findings do not support an association between a lack of antibiotic prescriptions and negative web-based reviews. Rather, patients’ dissatisfaction with urgent care was most strongly linked to operations issues that were not related to the clinical management plan.
An Exploration of Practitioners' Perceptions and Beliefs About Trauma-Informed Youth Drug Prevention Programs: a Qualitative Study.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction, have been linked to adolescent substance use. As a result, there exists a pressing need for trauma-informed, substance use preventive intervention for adolescents with a history of ACEs. The primary aim of this qualitative study is to increase our understanding of practitioners' perceptions of substance use among ACE-exposed youth and their views on trauma-informed adolescent substance use prevention programs. The present study conducted six focus groups (N = 32) among current child and adolescent health and human service providers in a mid-Atlantic urban area. The focus groups explored the practitioners' views on the main reasons that youth with a history of ACEs use illicit substances and suggestions on components, constructs, or techniques of trauma-informed substance use prevention programs and perceived barriers in implementing such programs. Transcripts of the focus groups were analyzed using open coding and subsequent axial coding, which was followed by thematic analysis. Thematic analysis identified ten themes within three categories, including the etiology of substance use among ACE-exposed youth, barriers to preventing substance use among ACEs-exposed youth, and suggested program components for trauma-informed prevention programs. These findings provide support for developing a preventive intervention that addresses trauma symptoms and overall skill buildings to prevent substance use among ACE-exposed youth. Teaching skills to cope with trauma symptoms, enhancing knowledge about the signs and symptoms of trauma, and improving key social and emotional learning competencies might be important and effective strategies to curb substance use among ACE-exposed youth.
Graph Conditioned Sparse-Attention for Improved Source Code Understanding.

Transformer architectures have been successfully used in learning source code representations. The fusion between a graph representation like Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) and a source code sequence makes the use of current approaches computationally intractable for large input sequence lengths. Source code can have long-range dependencies that require larger sequence lengths to model effectively. Current approaches have a quadratic growth in computational and memory costs with respect to the sequence length. Using such models in practical scenarios is difficult. In this work, we propose the conditioning of a source code snippet with its graph modality by using the graph adjacency matrix as an attention mask for a sparse self-attention mechanism and the use of a graph diffusion mechanism to model longer-range token dependencies. Our model reaches state-of-the-art results in BLEU, METEOR, and ROUGE-L metrics for the code summarization task and near state-of-the-art accuracy in the variable misuse task. The memory use and inference time of our model have linear growth with respect to the input sequence length as compared to the quadratic growth of previous works.
Auditory Processing in the Nervous System

In this review we shall discuss some relevant aspects of the auditory nervous system and the mechanisms which are believed to play a role in the processing of acoustical information. We will mainly focus on the effects of musical tones,1 leaving out speech and noise forms. As compared to language, musical tones are simpler input signals, and their processing requires fewer cooperative actions by, and associations in, other regions of the brain. Hence, they are more appropriate stimuli for the exploration of the fundamental primary processes that operate in the auditory system from periphery to the cortex.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Ewing’s Sarcoma

The role of radiation therapy in the overall management of patients with Ewing’s sarcoma is an evolving one. In this chapter, following some pertinent introductory comments, we will discuss the impact of modern staging techniques, prognostic factors that have emerged, importance of local control and how best this may be attained, complications and late effects and, finally, new approaches to treatment.
NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ALKALI ACTIVATED FLY ASH AND/OR SLAG CONCRETE

In recent years, the alkali activated material (AAM) concrete is emerging as a sustainable and green alternative to traditional portland cement (PC) concrete. In order to widen its applications, more information on correlations among its mechanical and physical properties is required. To address the issue this paper studies the relationships between compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity of various AAM concrete mixtures with fly ash and/or slag as precursors cured at different temperatures at both unstressed and stressed conditions. The results show that effective relationships can be established to predict compressive strength and modulus of elasticity from the ultrasonic pulse velocity with reasonable accuracy for wide range of AAM concrete mixes.
Lipoproteins in human atherosclerotic vessels: I. Biochemical properties of arterial low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, and high density lipoproteins☆

Lipoproteins extracted from the human aortic intima into 1.65 M NaCl were quantitated and characterized biochemically and by electron microscopy following separation in the preparative ultracentrifuge. The arterial lipoproteins, although separated and designated according to the density classes used for the serum lipoproteins, were distinctly different from their serum counterparts. The amount of lipoproteins in the low density range of d 1.063 to 1.006 (arterial LDL) and in the very low density range of d < 1.006 (arterial VLDL) extracted from arterial intima increased with increasing intimal lipid content. In contrast, the concentration of lipoproteins in the high density range of d 1.210 to 1.063 (arterial HDL) was small and did not change with the severity of atherosclerosis. Arterial VLDL, LDL and its subfractions, LDL1 (d 1.006 to 1.019) and LDL2 (d 1.019 to 1.063), were markedly heterogenous and contained unusually large particles, which were isolated by Bio-Gel A-150. These particles showed a pitted and cratered appearance by scanning electron microscopy and were immunochemically unreactive and had no electrophoretic mobility. The lipid and amino acid composition of the arterial VLDL and LDL fractions as well as their electrophoretic, chromatographic and analytical flotation behavior was distinctly different from that of their serum lipoprotein counterparts. Arterial VLDL, in sharp contrast to serum VLDL, was rich in cholesteryl ester and poor in triglycerides. Arterial VLDL also showed no electrophoretic mobility and only half of the preparations reacted to LDL antisera. Acid mucopolysaccharides were detected in the arterial VLDL and LDL fractions in association with the large size particles which lacked electrophoretic mobility and immunochemical reactivity and showed only a “saw tooth” pattern in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Arterial LDL and LDL2 contained a smaller sized population of particles as separated by Bio-Gel A-150. These particles exhibited a reaction of complete identity with serum LDL when reacted against LDL antiserum. However these particles had a greater electrophoretic mobility and different amino acid composition than did serum LDL and LDL2. An asymmetrical peak with a mean SF of 7.3 was demonstrated by these particles in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The over-all studies suggest that lipid deposition in atherosclerotic plaques is associated with the accumulation of lipoproteins with biochemical and ultrastructural properties unlike those of serum lipoproteins. The presence of these lipoproteins in the arteries may be a result of the interaction of serum and arterial lipoproteins with acid mucopolysaccharides and of lipoprotein synthesis and degradation in the arteries.
Mathematical modeling of combustion and gasification of a wet coal slab—I: Model development and verification

Abstract A one-dimensional model has been developed for the simultaneous drying and combustion of a semi-infinite wet coal slab. The model takes into account the vaporization of coal moisture and the existence of a moving evaporation front, pyrolysis and char/gas reactions occurring in the dry coal zone, Darcy flow of vapor and gases through the coal, variation in porosity and permeability of the coal, temperature dependence of the physical properties of the coal, transpiration cooling effect of the water vapor and pyrolysis gases, multi-component diffusion in the ash and gas film, and oxidation reactions in the ash. The model is capable of predicting the flame position, the combustion rate, the flame temperature, and the temperature on the coal surface. The performance of the model is compared with experimental data. Agreement between the computed results and the observed data is good.
Factors affecting the palmitoyl-coenzyme A desaturase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The activity and stability of the palmitoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was influenced by several factors. Cells, grown nonaerobically and then incubated with glucose, either in air or under N2, showed a marked increase in desaturase activity. Cycloheximide, added during such incubations, prevented the increase in activity, suggesting de novo synthesis. The stability of the desaturase from cells grown nonaerobically was affected by subsequent treatment of the cells; enzyme from freshly harvested cells, or from cells that were then shaken under nitrogen, readily lost activity upon washing or during density gradient analysis, whereas aerated cells, in the presence or absence of glucose, yielded stable enzyme preparations. The loss of activity in nonaerobic preparations could be reversed by adding soluble supernatant from these homogenates and could be prevented by growing the cells in the presence of palmitoleic acid and ergosterol, but not with several other lipids tested.
Coincidence measurements of electron capture and loss in ion-atom collisions

Collisions between fast, fully stripped projectiles and atomic targets predominantly result in target electrons being ejected to the continuum. For fast partially stripped projectiles which bring weakly bound electrons into the collision, projectile ionization can also contribute to the observed electron spectra. At lower impact velocities, electron capture by the projectile ion becomes important and higher order processes, often referred to as transfer ionization, can be a significant source of free electrons. In recent years, coincidence techniques have been used to evaluate the relative importance of electron capture and loss in free electron production, to separate the capture and loss contributions from those resulting from target ionization alone, and to provide more detailed information about electron capture and loss mechanisms than is available from total cross section measurements. A brief survey of these experiments will be presented.
Stochastic coordinated transaction scheduling via probabilistic forecast

The problem of real-time interchange scheduling between two independently operated regions is considered. An optimal scheduling scheme is proposed by maximizing the expected economic surplus based on Coordinated Transaction Scheduling (CTS) mechanism. The proposed technique incorporates probabilistic forecasts of renewable generation to optimize the interchange schedule using a parametric programming formulation, from which statistical real-time generation supply offer curves are constructed.
Taste-Based Discrimination at the NYSE - Empirical Evidence from a Shock to Preferences after WWI

This paper identifies taste-based discrimination through a two-part empirical test. First, it constructs quantitative measures of revealed preferences, which establish that World War I created a persistent change in ethnic preferences that switched the status of German Americans from a mainstream ethnicity to an ethnic minority until the late 1920s. Second, the paper uses this shock to preferences to identify the effects of taste-based discrimination at the example of traders at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A new data set of more than 5,000 applications for membership in the NYSE reveals that changes in ethnic preferences after the war more than doubled the probability that applicants with German-sounding names would be rejected.
Identification of high‐risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes in lineage I (serotype 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c) using multiplex PCR

Aims Using molecular subtyping techniques, Listeria monocytogenes is divided into three major phylogenetic lineages, and a multiplex PCR method can differentiate five L. monocytogenes subgroups: 1/2a-3a, 1/2c-3c, 1/2b-3b-7, 4b-4d-4e and 4a-4c. In this study, we conducted genome comparisons and evaluated serotype-associated genes for their utility as a multiplex PCR-based method for distinguishing high-risk serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c in lineage I from low-risk serotypes 3a and 3c. Methods and Results Primer sets were developed that are specific for serotype 1/2c (LMOSLCC2372_0308) and serotype 3a (LMLG_0742). These primers were then tested in a multiplex format with primers specific for serotype 1/2a (flaA) to separate serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c using 25 strains of lineage I L. monocytogenes. Conclusions Here, for the first time, we report primers specific for L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2c and serotype 3a, and we demonstrate a multiplex PCR method for separating the four serotypes of lineage I L. monocytogenes. Significance and Impact of the Study The described multiplex PCR assay consistently showed successful separation of 1/2a and 1/2c strains from 3a and 3c strains. PCR is routinely performed in many diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations for L. monocytogenes, and these primers should increase the feasibility and accessibility of L. monocytogenes serotyping.
Sager v. Woodland Park

(2007). Sager v. Woodland Park. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 113-117.
PERCEIVING THE SOCIAL BODY A Phenomenological Perspective on Ethical Practice in Buddhist Thailand

This essay develops the concept of the “social body” as a metaphorical representation of hierarchical relationships in Thailand, as well as the physical embodiment of social, religious, and political structures. To do so, I trace the symbolic coordinates of groups that correspond to conceptions of individual bodies, along with the habituated means of perceiving as part of a collective. I argue that conventional Thai social interactions involve active attention to and care of the “social body,” in which differential roles are necessary for group functioning. Ethnographic descriptions of social interactions in public and semi-private arenas depict the spontaneous and embodied root of moral action in these contexts. The values thus enacted, however, challenge normative ideals of distributive justice and open up questions about “care” for a social body that validates unequal power and resource distribution.
A Process Algebraic Approach to the Schedulability Analysisof Real-Time Systems

To engineer reliable real-time systems, it is desirable to detect timing anomalies early in the development process. However, there is little work addressing the problem of accurately predicting timing properties of real-time systems before implementations are developed. This paper describes an approach to the specification and schedulability analysis of real-time systems based on the timed process algebra ACSR-VP, which is an extension of ACSR with value-passing communication and dynamic priorities. Combined with the existing features of ACSR for representing time, synchronization and resource requirements, ACSR-VP is capable of specifying a variety of real-time systems with different scheduling disciplines in a modular fashion. Moreover, we can use VERSA, a toolkit we have developed for ACSR, to perform schedulability analysis on real-time systems specified in ACSR-VP automatically by checking for a certain bisimulation relation.
The silenced diaphragm: The good and the bad

Summary With controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) the diaphragm is inactive. The application of short-term CMV at the onset of cardiogenic shock or sepsis exerts protective effects on the diaphragm muscle. On the other hand, CMV can produce detrimental effects on healthy diaphragm muscle. The effects are rapid and progressive, and are associated with either muscle atrophy or myofibril damage; the mechanisms of both involve decreased protein synthesis and increased contractile protein degradation. Protein degradation is mediated via interactive molecular signaling, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and proteasome-proteolysis. Auspiciously, strategies to maintain partial diaphragmatic contractions can mitigate ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction.
Estimation of the attenuation operator for multiple‐ScS waves using digitally recorded broadband data

Broadband multiple-ScS waveforms have been obtained for several deep-focus earthquakes in the Izu-Okhotsk region from the intermediate-period channels of the RSTN network. Differential travel times have been computed by waveform cross-correlation. Estimates of the multiple-ScS attenuation operator have been obtained using a phase-equalization and stacking technique. For this mixed, but mostly tectonic path crossing the eastern margin of Asia and northwestern North America we obtain a median ScSn- ScSn−1 travel time residual of +0.6s with respect to the J-B velocity model and a QScS of 182±21 over the frequency band 0.017-0.117Hz. In this band there is no apparent frequency dependence. We find that the Aleutian back-arc region and central Alaska is slower and has a higher attenuation than the rest of the path. Even though the data contain much higher frequencies, beyond ∼0.117 Hz the multiple-ScS phases lose coherence and the results become unstable.
Alteration of experimental poliomyelitis infection in the Syrian hamster with the aid of cortisone.

Cortisone produces a significant enhancement of infection with MEF1 and Lansing strains of poliomyelitis virus in the Syrian hamster. The enhancement manifests itself in increased severity of symptoms, shortening of the incubation period, marked reduction in survival time and a high mortality rate. The effect of cortisone is protracted, the duration depending on the dose used. There is a reciprocal relationship between the dose of cortisone and the amount of virus, the larger the dose of the hormone, the smaller the amount of virus being necessary to produce the infection. An amount of virus of low infectivity causes amarked disease with a high mortality rate in hamsters receiving a single injection of 3 mg. of cortisone, while a dose as small as 2 mg. gives a highly fatal disease with a stronger concentration of the virus. There is a 2 log increase in the concentration of the virus in cortisone-treated hamsters. Hamsters from various sources seem to respond differently to the enhancing effect of cortisone, one breed showing no enhancement of the infection with the Lansing strain. Hormones other than cortisone, i.e., DCA, progesterone, diethylstilbestrol, and fast and slow acting ACTH injected repeatedly fail to modify the poliomyelitis infection in the hamster.
Risk Factors for Proximal Humerus Fracture

This case-control study of proximal humerus fracture included 448 incident female and male cases and 2,023 controls aged 45 years or older identified in five Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers in 1996-2001. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Some factors related to low bone mass, including number of fractures since age 45 years and low dietary calcium intake, were associated with increased risks of fracture, and factors thought to protect against bone loss, such as menopausal hormone therapy and calcium carbonate tablet use, were associated with reduced risks. Fall-related risk factors included previous falls, diabetes mellitus, and difficulty walking in dim light. Possible fall-related risk factors suggested for the first time in this study were seizure medication use (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45, 5.42), depression (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.84), almost always using a hearing aid (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.31 vs. never prescribed), and left-handedness (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.51, 3.68 vs. right-handedness). Difficulty with activities of daily living and lack of physical activity tended to be associated with increased risk. Prevention of falls among frail, osteoporotic persons would likely reduce the frequency of proximal humerus fracture.
The “work-regenerative” effect in centreless grinding

Abstract The problem of work-regenerative waviness encountered in centreless grinding is discussed with respect to the dynamic characteristics of the machine and the effect of the geometrical configuration of the workpiece in the system of the grinding operation. An analytical method is described for deriving threshold stability charts which are useful for discussing the relative stability of different grinding configurations. It is shown that certain configurations may lead to chatter regardless of the dynamic characteristics of the machine, and these are termed geometrically unstable. The frequency of the geometrical instability is determined theoretically and gives agreement with the results of experiments and computer predictions of the workpiece shape.
Ligand-field transitions in tertiary phosphine and arsinecomplexes of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II)

Abstract Absorption and emission studies of complexes of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II)with diphosphine and diarsine ligands are reported. Low-intensity bands were observed in the visible and near ultraviolet for the Ru(II) complexes and assigned to 1 A 1 g → 1 E g , 1 A 2 g ( d-d ) transitions based upon a tetragonal model. Trans -dichlorodi-[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]ruthenium-(II) displayed a green emission of short life which is assigned to a 1 E g → 1 A 1 g ( d-d ) fluorescence. The weak bands observed in absorption for trans -dichlorodi-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]osmium(II) are assigned to 1 A 1 g → 3 E g , 3 A 2 g ( d-d ) transitions on a tetragonal model. Luminescence from this compound was observed and is assigned to a 1 E g → 1 A 1 g ( d-d ) fluorescence analogous to the ruthenium fluorescence. Jorgensen's rules for the relative splitting of (5 d ) 6 Os(II) states versus (4 d ) 6 Ru(II) states in similar chemical environments were employed as an aid in interpreting the spectra. It is proposed that diarsine ligands lie under diphosphine ligands in the spectrochemical series.