cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's new in pediatric paravertebral analgesia

Abstract Paravertebral nerve block is a very effective method of postoperative pain control that is ideal for certain unilateral operative procedures in which bilateral blockade is not necessary. The quality of the block may be superior to that seen with epidural analgesia. Paravertebral nerve blockade in children has primarily involved the use of postoperative infusions of local anesthetic via indwelling catheters for renal and thoracic surgery. Its use has thus been mostly limited to the inpatient population. Recently, bolus injections into the paravertebral space have been shown to be effective in adults undergoing outpatient surgery, yet experience with this technique in children is limited. This article briefly reviews the current use of paravertebral blockade in children and using case illustration, specifically outlines the use of paravertebral blockade for outpatient inguinal surgery in children. It also includes a description of the many benefits of the technique in this population. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Eukaryotic ribonucleases P/MRP: the crystal structure of the P3 domain

Ribonuclease (RNase) P is a site-specific endoribonuclease found in all kingdoms of life. Typical RNase P consists of a catalytic RNA component and a protein moiety. In the eukaryotes, the RNase P lineage has split into two, giving rise to a closely related enzyme, RNase MRP, which has similar components but has evolved to have different specificities. The eukaryotic RNases P/MRP have acquired an essential helix-loop-helix protein-binding RNA domain P3 that has an important function in eukaryotic enzymes and distinguishes them from bacterial and archaeal RNases P. Here, we present a crystal structure of the P3 RNA domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNase MRP in a complex with RNase P/MRP proteins Pop6 and Pop7 solved to 2.7 A. The structure suggests similar structural organization of the P3 RNA domains in RNases P/MRP and possible functions of the P3 domains and proteins bound to them in the stabilization of the holoenzymes' structures as well as in interactions with substrates. It provides the first insight into the structural organization of the eukaryotic enzymes of the RNase P/MRP family.
The geochemical record of the last 17,000 years in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California

Abstract Sediments deposited on the western slope of the Guaymas Basin in the central Gulf of California are composed predominantly of detrital clastic material and biogenic silica (biopal), with minor organic material (average of 2.8% organic carbon) and calcium carbonate. The CaCO 3 is derived from calcareous plankton and is highly variable ranging from 0% to 16%. In general, the CaCO 3 content of the sediments varies inversely with the biopal content, reflecting the relative abundance of calcareous and siliceous plankton in the photic zone. Siliceous plankton dominate when winds are predominantly out of the northwest producing strong upwelling. Calcareous plankton indicates weak southeasterly winds that bring warm, tropical Pacific surface water into the Gulf. Based mainly on relative abundances of biopal and CaCO 3 , the sediments deposited over the last 17,000 years in the western Guaymas Basin can be divided into five intervals. In general, the sediments in the intervals with high biopal and low CaCO 3 are laminated, but this is not always true. Unlike most other continental margins of the world with well-developed oxygen minimum zones where highest concentrations of organic carbon and redox-sensitive trace metals occur in laminated sediments, the laminated sediments on the anoxic slope of the western Guaymas Basin do not always have the highest concentrations of organic carbon and trace metals such as Mo and Cd.
Cryptochrome, Circadian Cycle, Cell Cycle Checkpoints, and Cancer

It has been reported that disruption of the circadian clock may lead to increased risk of breast cancer in humans and to a high rate or ionizing radiation-induced tumors and mortality in mice. Cryptochrome 1 and cryptochrome 2 proteins are core components of the mammalian circadian clock and mice mutated in both genes are arrhythmic. We tested Cry1-/- Cry2-/- mice and fibroblasts derived from these mice for radiation-induced cancer and killing and DNA damage checkpoints and killing, respectively. We find that the mutant mice are indistinguishable from the wild-type controls with respect to radiation-induced morbidity and mortality. Similarly, the Cry1-/- Cry2-/-mutant fibroblasts are indistinguishable from the wild-type controls with respect to their sensitivity to ionizing radiation and UV radiation and ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage checkpoint response. Our data suggest that disruption of the circadian clock in itself does not compromise mammalian DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoints and does not predispose mice to spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced cancers. We conclude that the effect of circadian clock disruption on cellular response to DNA damage and cancer predisposition in mice may depend on the mechanism by which the clock is disrupted.
Normal Integrated Concentration of Aldosterone and Plasma Renin Activity: Effect of Age*

The integrated concentration of aldosterone (IC-ALDO) and PRA (IC-PRA) was studied in 78 normal subjects ranging in age from 9–50 yr. Whereas the IC-ALDO to IC-PRA were found to decrease with age, the ratio of IC-ALDO to IC-PRA was not affected by age. A significant lowering of the normal range and variance was achieved by measuring the 24–h integrated concentration instead of the concentration in discrete samples.
Firm Growth and the Pricing of Discretionary Accruals

This paper examines how firm growth conditions the pricing of discretionary accruals. Given the rich growth opportunities and high information asymmetry in high-growth firms, we expect that managers have incentives to use discretionary accruals, especially income increasing (positive) discretionary accruals, to signal favorable private information to external investors. Our empirical tests reveal that overall there is no significant difference in the pricing of discretionary accruals between high-growth and low-growth firms. However, consistent with our expectations, we find that in high-growth firms compared to low-growth firms, positive discretionary accruals are priced to a greater extent, while negative discretionary accruals are priced to a smaller extent. Additional tests show that positive discretionary accruals have a relatively greater association with future firm performance in high-growth firms. Finally, we find that the pricing of positive discretionary accruals in high-growth firms is predominantly in those firms with high levels of information asymmetry.
Effects of Restoration Thinning on Presettlement Pinus ponderosa in Northern Arizona

In the 100 years following the arrival of Euro-American settlers in northern Arizona, Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) forests changed from open, low-density stands to closed, high-density stands. The increase in tree density has been detrimental to the vigor of old-growth trees that established before settlement (presettlement trees). In this study, we examined whether the vigor of presettlement trees could be improved by restoring the original stand structure by thinning the ponderosa pines that established after settlement (postsettlement trees). The restoration treatment caused the following changes in the presettlement trees and their environment in the first year following thinning: an increase in volumetric soil water content between May and August, an increase in predawn xylem water potential in July and August, a decrease in midday xylem water potential in June and August, an increase in net photosynthetic rate in August, an increase in foliar nitrogen concentration in July and August, and an increase in bud and needle size. The results show that the thinning restoration treatment improved the condition of presettlement ponderosa pines by increasing canopy growth and the uptake of water, nitrogen, and carbon.
A Simplified Biochemical System to Screen Salmonella Isolates from Poultry for Serotyping

The 24 most frequently isolated paratyphoids from poultry, along with Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum, plus strains of Arizona, Citrobacter, Edwardsiella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Prteus, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Shigella were inoculated into triple sugar iron (TSI) and lysine iron (LI) slants and into six fermentation broths which were numbered: 1 (dextrose), 2 (lactose), 3 (sucrose), 4 (mannitol), 5 (maltose), 6 (dulcitol). All the salmonella cultures (except S. pullorum) gave a 1, 4, 5, 6 code which means they produced acid, and in most cases gas, in dextrose, mannitol, maltose and dulcitol, but no acid or gas in lactose and sucrose. S. pullorum gave a 1, 4 code. All non-salmonella cultures gave a fermentation pattern different from the 1, 4, 5, 6 pattern of paratyphoids and S. gallinarum. Therefore, this six sugar system can be successfully used in the selection of suspect salmonella cultures for specific typing. Results from a miniaturized system (Minitek) were the same as those from the standard tube method for the carbohydrate fermentation tests for all cultures tested.
First-Order Ball-Bearing Kinematics

Two first-order equations are given connecting geometry and internal motions in an angular-contact ball bearing. Total speed, kinematic equivalence, basic speed ratio, and modal speed ratio are defined and discussed; charts are given for the speed ratios covering all bearings and all rotational modes. Instances where specific first-order assumptions might fail are discussed, and the resulting effects on bearing performance reviewed. Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois May 7—10, 1984
Synthesis and toxicity testing of cysteine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes with Caenorhabditis elegans

As carbon nanotubes are incorporated into commercial products in ever-increasing amounts, it is important to produce nontoxic nanotubes and have a reliable method for testing their toxicity. This article reports the synthesis and characterization of cysteine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes and the usefulness of toxicity tests employing the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The cysteine-functionalized nanotubes have good aqueous solubility and are nontoxic to C. elegans. Additionally, the cysteine-functionalized nanotubes are shown to be capable of delivering a pharmaceutical compound through a cleavable disulfide bond. This work presents a straightforward synthesis of an easily synthesized, biocompatible carbon nanotube that will have applications in biomedicine.
Martin Luther and the Eucharist

Several years before the mode of Christ's eucharistic presence became a controverted issue which would presently provoke a lasting schism among the Churches of the Reformation, Luther could unaffectedly propound the traditional dogma of the bodily presence of Christ in the Sacrament of the Altar as a necessary consequence of the evangelical quest for the sensus grammaticus of the words of institution. The same exegetical method which led to his reappropriation of the doctrine of the justification of the sinner ‘by grace, for Christ's sake, through faith’ obliged him to confess that ‘the bread is the body of Christ’. Already here, in the mordantly anti-Roman treatise On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, Luther has laid his finger on the model in terms of which he will understand the real presence to the end of his days: the consecrated host is the body of Christ, just as the assumed humanity of jesus Christ is the Son of God. The displacement of the scholastic theory of transubstantiation by the model of the incarnate person illustrates the Reformer's allegiance to the Chalcedonian Definition: ‘Luther is really replacing Aristotelian categories by those derived from Chalcedonian christology, to which he remained faithful: “unconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably”.’ While the doctrine of the real presence moved from the periphery to the centre of Luther's theology and piety as the 1520s wore on, his conception of the modality of the eucharistic presence remained constant throughout.
Demonstration of selective mode multiplexing/de-multiplexing in a multimode silicon waveguides via asymmetric Y-junctions: Towards on-chip MDM

We experimentally demonstrate selective mode multiplexing/de-multiplexing in a multimode Si waveguide via asymmetric Y-junctions, with crosstalk as low as −30 dB and < 0.5 dB insertion loss over the entire C-band.
Comparative Resolution of Comorbid Conditions After Different Bariatric Operations. A Propensity Matched Study of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery In The United States

COMPARATIVE RESOLUTION OF COMORBID CONDITIONS AFTER DIFFERENT BARIATRIC OPERATIONS. A PROPENSITY MATCHED STUDY OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY IN THE UNITED STATES Ranjan Sudan, MD; Ninh Nguyen, MD; Amber Wilk, PhD; John Morton, MD; Matthew Maciejewski, PhD; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA; University of Virginia, VA, USA; Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Non-pharmacologic Management of Pain and Anxiety in the Pediatric Patient

Minimizing pain and anxiety is imperative to a child and parent’s emergency department and hospital encounter. While various pharmacologic agents are available and widely used, they are not without risks. We discuss a variety of preparation, non-pharmacologic, and minimal pharmacologic strategies as alternatives or adjuncts to decrease pain and anxiety associated with medical encounters and procedures in children.
Visuospatial working memory facilitates indoor wayfinding and direction giving

Abstract The goal was to test the role of verbal and visuospatial working memory in wayfinding and direction giving in an indoor environment using a dual task paradigm. One hundred ninety-two participants were asked to find their way through one floor of a complex building and to provide directions for a fictitious recipient to find the way in one of three conditions: control (no secondary task), verbal dual task (word-nonword judgments as secondary task), or visuospatial dual task (clock hand judgments as secondary task). Wayfinding was slower in the visuospatial dual task condition than in the control condition, with the verbal condition intermediate. Directions were less accurate in the visuospatial dual task condition than in control and verbal conditions. Women provided more information in wayfinding directions than did men. Together, these findings indicate that visuospatial working memory plays an important role in wayfinding and direction giving in an indoor environment.
Abstract 125: MicroRNA-34a dysregulation promotes tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) results from deregulation of multiple signaling pathways leading to tumor cells acquiring proliferative, invasive, angiogenic and metastatic properties. Interactions between neoplastic cells and the surrounding microenvironment also play a major role in tumor progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNA9s (miRs) play a critical role in cancer development where they can act as oncogenes or as onco-suppressors. A microRNA array analysis of a panel of ten HNSCC cell lines reveled that miR-34a is significantly downregulated in all these cell lines as compared to normal human oral keratinocyes (HOK). In addition, miR-34a expression was also downregulated in highly angiogenic endothelial cells (endothelial cells overexpressing Bcl-2; EC-Bcl-2) as compared to normal human endothelial cells. However, little is known about the role of miR-34a in HNSCC tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we examined if dysregulation of miR-34a in HNSCC promotes tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Methods and Results: miR-34a expression in tumor samples, HNSCC cell lines and endothelial cells was examined by real time PCR. Lipofectamine-2000 was used to transfect miR-34a in HNSCC cell lines and human endothelial cells. Cell-proliferation and migration was examined by Xcelligence system. miR-34a effect on tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis was examined by in vivo SCID mouse xenograft model. Our results demonstrate that miR-34a is significantly downregulated in HNSCC tumors and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-34a in HNSCC cell lines significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. Tumor cells expressing miR-34a also showed marked decrease in the levels of a key transcription factor, E2F3. Rescue experiments using microRNA resistant E2F3 isoforms suggest that miR-34a-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation is predominantly mediated by E2F3a isoform. In addition, tumor samples from HNSCC patients showed inverse relationship between miR-34a and survivin expression. Overexpression of E2F3a completely rescued survivin expression in miR-34a expressing cells, thereby suggesting that miR-34a may be regulating survivin expression via E2F3a. Ectopic expression of miR-34a also significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in a SCID mouse xenograft model. Interestingly, miR-34a inhibited tumor angiogenesis by blocking VEGF production by tumor cells as well as directly inhibiting endothelial cell functions. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that dysregulation of miR-34a expression is common in HNSCC and modulation of miR34a activity might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 125. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-125
Novel MCVD process control technique

In the MCVD process,1 the chemicals SiCl4, GeCl4, and O2 are reacted as they flow through a silica tube to form SiO2 and GeO2 in particulate form. These particles deposit on the inner wall of the tube downstream from the reaction zone and are sintered into a transparent glass layer as the oxyhydrogen torch travels along the tube. Conventional MCVD process control consists of carefully metering the reactant chemicals into the tube during each pass and using an optical pyrometer to control the tube temperature by regulating gas flow to the oxyhydrogen torch.
Bed bugs: they are back! The role of the school nurse in bed bug management.

Recently there has been a resurgence of bed bugs in all facets of our society. Bed bugs have even been found in schools, causing unnecessary exclusion of students and unfounded hysteria. School nurses are again called upon to be front-line sources of information to quell the hysteria and confusion related to this unsavory condition. By arming themselves with the best evidence regarding proper identification of bed bugs and their bites and information about integrated prevention measures to control transmission of infestations, school nurses can contribute to the control and management of bed bugs and aid in the overall battle against this “new and improved” invasion of the bed bugs.
Spin crossover in (Mg,Fe3+)(Si,Fe3+)O3 bridgmanite: Effects of disorder, iron concentration, and temperature

Abstract The spin crossover of iron in Fe 3 + -bearing bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral of the Earth’s lower mantle, is by now a well-established phenomenon, though several aspects of this crossover remain unclear. Here we investigate effects of disorder, iron concentration, and temperature on this crossover using ab initio LDA + Usc calculations. The effect of concentration and disorder are addressed using complete statistical samplings of coupled substituted configurations in super-cells containing up to 80 atoms. Vibrational/thermal effects on the crossover are addressed within the quasiharmonic approximation. The effect of disorder seems quite small, while increasing iron concentration results in considerable increase in the crossover pressure. Our calculated compression curves for iron-free, Fe 2 + -, and Fe 3 + -bearing bridgmanite compare well with the latest experimental measurements. The comparison also suggests that in a closed system, Fe 2 + present in the sample may transform into Fe 3 + by introduction of Mg and O vacancies with increasing pressure. As in the spin crossover in ferropericlase, this crossover in bridgmanite is accompanied by a clear volume reduction and an anomalous softening of the bulk modulus throughout the crossover pressure range. These effects reduce significantly with increasing temperature. Though the concentration of [ Fe 3 + ] Si in bridgmanite may be small, related elastic anomalies may impact the interpretation of radial and lateral velocity structures of the Earth’s lower mantle.
Periodic Equilibria Under Periodic Harvesting

(1984). Periodic Equilibria Under Periodic Harvesting. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 156-158.
Vibrational spectroscopy of electronic processes in emerging photovoltaic materials.

Molecules affect the electronic properties of many emerging materials, ranging from organic thin film transistors and light emitting diodes for flexible displays to colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) used in solution processed photovoltaics and photodetectors. For example, the interactions of conjugated molecules not only influence morphological and charge transport properties of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials, but they also determine the primary photophysical events leading to charge generation. Ligand–nanocrystal interactions affect the density and energetic distributions of trap states, which in turn influence minority carrier transport in CQD photovoltaics. Therefore, it is critical for scientists to understand how the underlying molecular structures and morphologies determine the electronic properties of emerging materials.Recently, chemists have used vibrational spectroscopy to study electronic processes in emerging materials, and been able to directly measure the influence molecular properties hav...
Lead exposure and violent crime in the early twentieth century

In the second half of the nineteenth century, many American cities built water systems using lead or iron service pipes. Municipal water systems generated significant public health improvements, but these improvements may have been partially offset by the damaging effects of lead exposure through lead water pipes. We study the effect of cities' use of lead pipes on homicide between 1921 and 1936. Lead water pipes exposed entire city populations to much higher doses of lead than have previously been studied in relation to crime. Our estimates suggest that cities' use of lead service pipes considerably increased city-level homicide rates.
Powering smart jewelry using an RF energy harvesting necklace

This paper presents a wearable RF energy harvesting device in the form factor of a necklace, suitable for powering smart jewelry. The design includes a U-shaped dipole antenna, matching network, RF-DC converter, and DC-DC converter. The system converts a 915 MHz RF signal into a constant 3.1 V DC output with an output power up to 106.5 µW at −6 dBm input power, sufficient to power a fitness monitor pendant in stand-by mode. An experimental comparison between multistage Cockcroft-Walton and Dickson RF-DC converters shows that the Dickson topology offers higher efficiency at high input power, whereas the Cockcroft-Walton converter performs better for low input power. The necklace can produce up to 23.2 µW at 10.4 m from a commercial isotropic 3 W RF power transmitter.
The way we mean now: on the poetics of Susan Howe, Lyn Hejinian, and Occupy Wall Street

ABSTRACTThis article examines the poetry and critical writing of Susan Howe and Lyn Hejinian, read in the context of the politics of Occupy Wall Street. While Howe has long been thought an important, if peripheral, member of the Language writing group, I argue that her poetry is fundamentally opposed to the central beliefs of the Language writers, as it is uninterested in the participation of the reader in the meaning of the poem or the participation of the poem in contemporary politics. Lyn Hejinian’s work, in contrast, is designed to develop a quotidian creative practice that merges aesthetics and politics. It is no surprise, then, that Hejinian has been actively involved in and published articles detailing Occupy’s political formation. Both her poetry and Occupy’s politics depend on a presentist temporality, which prevents Occupy from producing the conditions by which its utopian premise might be fulfilled. The very aesthetic commitments that make Howe appear in opposition to the participatory aestheti...
Transnational Entrepreneurship: An Interview with Investment Banker Jose Goldner

Abstract. Interest in transnational entrepreneurship has expanded in recent years. However, there are limited qualitative surveys that shed light on the mindset of the contemporary transnational entrepreneur. This article contributes to academic and business literature by presenting the views of a Panama-born investment banker Jose Goldner. Jose Goldner is a partner at Briggs Capital based in Massachusetts, USA. Through an interview conducted by Dr. J. Mark Munoz of Millikin University, with the assistance of business student Haley Hogenkamp, Goldner shares his viewpoints on transnational entrepreneurship and its business implications. Keywords. Transnational entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship, International business. JEL. L26, M16.
What Does a Positive Test Result Really Mean

One of our most important tasks is communicating health risks to the public. We do a poor job of that, primarily because the metric we use, probability, is not well understood. The misunderstanding does not arise merely because ordinary folks are poorly educated in this regard. Indeed, as Gird Gigerenzer (2002) of the Max Planck Institute in Berlin has repeatedly demonstrated, health professionals are no less confused by probabilities than laypersons.
"What does it matter how we define it?": exploring definitions of DMST among service providers and victims/survivors

ABSTRACTDomestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is one of the most prevalent yet hidden forms of child abuse in the United States. DMST victims are diverse in age, race, and socioeconomic status. Many DMST victims are involved in state-level systems including the child welfare and/or juvenile justice system. State-level systems are federally mandated to identify children who are at risk or survivors of DMST. Unfortunately, DMST victim/survivor identification is inconsistent and often ineffective and is based on service providers’ and DMST victims’/survivors’ de facto definitions of DMST. This study presents exploratory, qualitative findings regarding service provider and DMST victim/survivor de facto definitions of DMST. In addition, it explores how these definitions are different from and/or similar to extant federal and state legal definitions. Content analysis revealed three key qualitative themes, including force/fraud/coercion, commercialization, and DMST as a form of child sexual abuse. Importantly, D...
Family and Other Caregivers

It could be said that “it takes a village” to manage a chronic condition. In day-to-day living, individuals contending with chronic illness routinely rely on family members, friends, and neighbors to provide support ranging from physical assistance to emotional relief. Such support from caregivers often comes at a cost, with financial, physical, and emotional consequences that may imperil the caregiver’s own health and well-being. Caregivers’ own needs must be met, lest they become at risk for developing poor outcomes themselves. Negative effects of caregiving may strain an already stressed healthcare system, and interventions that support caregivers may reduce the need for costlier formal support. Supporting caregivers also helps them maintain caregiving roles, which are often valued by both caregiver and care recipient. This chapter describes the effects on caregivers who are supporting individuals living with a chronic condition. Information about assessment and intervention, opportunities for further research, and populations of concern are highlighted.
Classification of Early-Onset Scoliosis

Early-onset scoliosis has traditionally been described based upon well-defined age parameters or etiologic variables. These classic descriptions have provided negligible prognostic information and have done little to guide treatment. More recently, emphasis has been placed on developing a more comprehensive classification system that can help physicians with difficult treatment decisions in this very heterogeneous group of patients. To this end, the C-EOS (classification of early-onset scoliosis) has been developed and later validated to enhance communication between clinicians and ultimately lead to better patient outcomes.
Bottleneck Analysis to Improve Multidisciplinary Rounding Process in Intensive Care Units at Mayo Clinic

In a hospital's intensive care unit (ICU), multidisciplinary rounding (MDR) is a combination of care management with various healthcare providers from different clinical expertise meeting together to coordinate patient care, establish daily goals, and determine treatment plans. Such meetings require significant time and resource utilization from the providers. However, despite its significance, the workflow of MDR has not yet been rigorously studied. Using the data collected in ICUs at Mayo Clinic, this letter studies the MDR process by introducing a continuous time Markov chain model to systematically analyze the workflow and provide guidelines for efficiency improvement. In addition to evaluating current MDR process, a bottleneck analysis method is introduced to identify the task or activity whose improvement can lead to the largest gain in system performance. Based on the findings in bottleneck analysis, a potential MDR workflow redesign is proposed, which shifts resident's education time to a separate session out of normal rounding.
The challenges of treating lobular carcinoma in situ.

Oppong and King present a clear and concise review of the current data regarding lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and discuss the rationale behind the current management recommendations for this disease.
Opioid receptor contributes to ischemic preconditioning through protein kinase C activation in rabbits

Recent studies have reported that protection from ischemic preconditioning (PC) is blocked by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (NAL). We tested whether an opioid agonist could mimic PC in the rabbit heart, whether that protection involved protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and whether opioid receptors act in concert with other PKC-coupled receptors. Rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 min coronary occlusions and were reperfused for either 3 (in situ) or 2 (in vitro) h. Infarct size was determined by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In untreated in situ hearts 38.5 ± 1.6% of the risk zone infarcted. PC with 5 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion significantly limited infarction to 12.7 ± 2.9% (p < 0.01). NAL infusion did not modify infarction (39.6 ± 1.6%) in non-PC hearts, but blocked the effect of one cycle of PC (34.4 ± 3.6% infarction). NAL, however, could not block cardioprotection when PC was amplified with 3 cycles of ischemia/reperfusion (9.9 ± 1.4% infarction, p < 0.01 vs. control). Morphine could also mimic ischemic preconditioning, but only at a dose much higher than would be used clinically (3 mg/kg). In isolated hearts pretreatment with morphine (0.3 μM) significantly limited infarction to 9.3 ± 1.2% (p < 0.01 vs. 32.0 ± 3.1% in controls). This cardioprotective effect of morphine could be blocked by either the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (30.4 ±2.6% infarction) or NAL (34.0 ± 2.6% infarction). Neither chelerythrine nor NAL by itself modified infarction in non-PC hearts. NAL could not block protection from one cycle of PC in isolated hearts indicating that an intact innervation may be required for endogenous opioid production. Thus, opioid receptors, like other PKC-coupled receptors, participate in the triggering of PC in the rabbit heart. (Mol Cell Biochem 186: 3–12, 1998)
Extensions of Orthomorphism Graphs

In previous chapters we considered orthomorphisms and orthomorphism graphs of elementary abelian groups. Other than these groups, the other classes of abelian groups that have received significant attention are the cyclic groups and direct products of elementary abelian groups. In this chapter we will define the extension of the orthomorphism graph of a group G by a group H: this is an orthomorphism graph of G × H. We will discuss two special cases: H = GF(3)+ and G = GF(q)+ and \(H=\mathbb {Z}_3\) and \(G=\mathbb {Z}_m\), \(\gcd (m,3)=1\). We will use the 1978 construction of a set of four MOLS of order 15 by Schellenberg, Van Rees, and Vanstone to introduce extensions of orthomorphism graphs. We will discuss extensions by GF(3)+, and we will use difference equations to study the extension of Orth(GF(q)+) by GF(3)+. We will consider the special case of extensions of the orthomorphism graph of GF(q)+ consisting of linear orthomorphisms of GF(q)+. We will extend these methods to the study of extensions of cyclic groups by GF(3)+.
Improving the Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Female Adolescents Presenting for Emergency Care.

Abstract Study Objective We sought to improve emergency care for adolescents with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) by developing a clinical effectiveness guideline (CEG) and assessing its effect on quality of care. Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions A stakeholder engagement group designed a CEG algorithm for emergency AUB management. Pediatric residents received CEG training and their knowledge and attitudes were assessed using pre- and post intervention surveys. International Classification of Diseases ninth and 10th revision codes identified electronic health record data for patients who presented to the pediatric emergency department for AUB 6 months before and after CEG implementation. A weighted, 20-point scoring system consisting of prioritized aspects of history, laboratory studies, and management was developed to quantify the quality of care provided. Main Outcome Measures Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and a run chart were used for analysis. Results Pediatric residents reported higher confidence and knowledge scores post CEG implementation. Of the 91 patients identified, 62 met inclusion criteria. Median score was 14 ± 7 before CEG implementation and 15.5 ± 6 after. The Wilcoxon rank sum test showed a difference in AUB evaluation and management scores (P = .09) after implementation of the CEG. Run chart data showed no shifts or trends (overall median score, 14 points). Pre- and post implementation, points were deducted most frequently for not assessing personal/family clotting disorder history. The largest improvements in care were with appropriate medication dosing and disposition. Conclusion We designed a CEG and educational intervention for AUB management in a pediatric emergency department. These findings suggest our CEG might be an effective tool to improve emergency AUB care for adolescents and could increase trainees’ confidence in managing this condition, although additional cycles are needed.
PENGARUH PERSONAL SELLING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ES BATU PADA PT. AGRONESIA DIVISI INDUSTRI ES SARIPETOJO BANDUNG

every company will go through any means to increase sales by encouraging poensial consumer to speed up their purchasing decision. Puchase desicion is an act of potential consumer to decide to buy or not a product that is being offered. Ice Cube Industry Division in PT. Agronesia Saripetojo, Bandung branch has considered marketing communication factor that influence purchashing decision, one of them is personal selling activities. This research aimed to determine the effect of personal selling’s on ice cube purchasing desicion at PT Agronesia. The proposed hypothesis shows a significant personal selling impact on purchasing desicion’s. The research used survey method with sample of 70 people as respondent. The type of this research’s explanatory research, the data are compiled through the distribution of questioner using the likert scale. The data analisis method used is pearson colerations, simple and multiple linier regression using the SPSS 21 program. This research concluded that there is a significant impact of personal selling on perchasing decision. Key Word : Personal selling, Purchasing decision
Structural basis for effects of CpA modifications on C/EBPβ binding of DNA

CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) regulate gene expression in a variety of cells/tissues/organs, during a range of developmental stages, under both physiological and pathological conditions. C/EBP-related transcription factors have a consensus binding specificity of 5'-TTG-CG-CAA-3', with a central CpG/CpG and two outer CpA/TpG dinucleotides. Methylation of the CpG and CpA sites generates a DNA element with every pyrimidine having a methyl group in the 5-carbon position (thymine or 5-methylcytosine (5mC)). To understand the effects of both CpG and CpA modification on a centrally-important transcription factor, we show that C/EBPβ binds the methylated 8-bp element with modestly-increased (2.4-fold) binding affinity relative to the unmodified cognate sequence, while cytosine hydroxymethylation (particularly at the CpA sites) substantially decreased binding affinity (36-fold). The structure of C/EBPβ DNA binding domain in complex with methylated DNA revealed that the methyl groups of the 5mCpA/TpG make van der Waals contacts with Val285 in C/EBPβ. Arg289 recognizes the central 5mCpG by forming a methyl-Arg-G triad, and its conformation is constrained by Val285 and the 5mCpG methyl group. We substituted Val285 with Ala (V285A) in an Ala-Val dipeptide, to mimic the conserved Ala-Ala in many members of the basic leucine-zipper family of transcription factors, important in gene regulation, cell proliferation and oncogenesis. The V285A variant demonstrated a 90-fold binding preference for methylated DNA (particularly 5mCpA methylation) over the unmodified sequence. The smaller side chain of Ala285 permits Arg289 to adopt two alternative conformations, to interact in a similar fashion with either the central 5mCpG or the TpG of the opposite strand. Significantly, the best-studied cis-regulatory elements in RNA polymerase II promoters and enhancers have variable sequences corresponding to the central CpG or reduced to a single G:C base pair, but retain a conserved outer CpA sequence. Our analyses suggest an important modification-dependent CpA recognition by basic leucine-zipper transcription factors.
Abstract P299: Racial and Sex-Related Differences in Aortic and Mitral Valve Disease

Background: With the proliferation of echocardiography, clinicians are detecting more patients with valve disease and identifying valve disease much earlier in its natural course. Understanding the...
Treating Bupivacaine Arrhythmias: Preliminary Report

Nodal and ventricular arrhythmias, along with intraventricular conduction defects, appeared in 34 of 36 cats after approximately 70% of a convulsant dose of bupivacaine was infused at a rate of 1 mg/kg/min. Five minutes after completing double the convulsant dose of bupivacaine (11.8 ± 2.2 mg/kg), a benzodiazepine was given intravenously to arrest convulsions. In 28 cats, the cardiac rhythm converted spontaneously to sinus in the next 20 minutes. In the six cats with persistent arrhythmias, one had ventricular tachycardia following diazepam 2 mg/kg; the rhythm converted to sinus when lidocaine 2.5 mg/kg was given 10 minutes later. The other five cats were given lidocaine 2.5 mg/kg 30 minutes after the benzodiazepine. In four of the five, the rhythm converted to sinus after 1 or 2 lidocaine boluses. The fifth cat had sinus flurries that reverted to nodal rhythm after each of four lidocaine boluses. Lidocaine did not precipitate hypotension or induce fresh convulsions.
Design of Infrared Anomaly Detection for Power Equipment Based on YOLOv3

Power equipment is an important part of the power system and the focus of power system operation and maintenance. Infrared anomaly detection technology is an effective means to detect abnormalities of power equipment because of its safety, simplicity and intuitiveness. Through training the YOLOv3 network by infrared images collected in the field, this work can achieve real-time detection of power equipment and fault points on the Jetson Nano, and determines which areas of the power equipment are abnormal. The trained YOLOv3 model is tested. The mAP value of the model is 34.63%, the recall rate is 21%, and the temperature anomaly area and power equipment could be marked. The running time on the Jetson Nano was 0.7-0.9 s (the recognition time was less than 1s), which satisfies the requirements for power equipment testing.
Endophilin Recruitment via GPCR Interactions Enables Membrane Curvature Generation in the Absence of Anionic Lipids

Abstract The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) family protein endophilin plays key roles in membrane curvature generation during endocytosis of cellular receptors. The Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of endophilin interacts with the proline rich third intracellular loop (TIL) of various G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). While electrostatic interactions between BAR domain and anionic membrane lipids have been considered to be the major driving force in curvature generation, it is unclear how the direct interaction between TIL and SH3 affects this function and its coupling with receptor internalization. Here we show that TIL mediated interactions alone not only recruit endophilin to the membrane but also facilitate curvature sorting and curvature generating behavior of endophilin. To demonstrate this, we designed model membranes with covalently lipid-conjugated TIL and lipids without net negative charge so that endophilin was recruited exclusively via SH3/TIL interactions. We find curvature generation and curvature sorting under those conditions. Furthermore, we show that TIL interacts electrostatically with membranes in the presence of anionic lipids and that this interaction can interfere with binding of SH3. Overall, our study suggests that an interplay between TIL, charged membranes, BAR domain, and SH3 domain mediate membrane curvature generation to regulate receptor endocytosis following receptor stimulation.
Photon-Counting Detector-Based Computed Tomography

Photon-counting detector-based computed tomography (PCD CT) offers the unique ability to capture X-ray attenuation information at multiple user-defined energy ranges. This is achieved using novel semiconductor technology where X-rays are directly converted to electronic measurements without having to first convert to visible light, as performed conventionally in current clinical CT detectors. This allows a reduction in detector pixel sizes to enable high-resolution CT imaging without any dose penalty. Acquiring energy-resolved X-ray information using PCDs provides several benefits such as electronic noise reduction, artifact reduction, improved image contrast through uniform X-ray weighting, and K-edge imaging to discriminate contrast pharmaceuticals and targeted biomarkers. In this chapter, we introduce the basic principles of PCD CT, preclinical applications pertaining to neurological imaging, and a case report demonstrating dose efficient high-resolution CT imaging using a whole-body research PCD-CT system.
On the Potential for Discrimination via Composition

The success of platforms such as Facebook and Google has been due in no small part to features that allow advertisers to target ads in a fine-grained manner. However, these features open up the potential for discriminatory advertising when advertisers include or exclude users of protected classes---either directly or indirectly---in a discriminatory fashion. Despite the fact that advertisers are able to compose various targeting features together, the existing mitigations to discriminatory targeting have focused only on individual features; there are concerns that such composition could result in targeting that is more discriminatory than the features individually.In this paper, we first demonstrate how compositions of individual targeting features can yield discriminatory ad targeting even for Facebook's restricted targeting features for ads in special categories (meant to protect against discriminatory advertising). We then conduct the first study of the potential for discrimination that spans across three major advertising platforms (Facebook, Google, and LinkedIn), showing how the potential for discriminatory advertising is pervasive across these platforms. Our work further points to the need for more careful mitigations to address the issue of discriminatory ad targeting.
Late Heart Transplantation in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome with Intact Atrial Septum

This case report describes 2 patients born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and an intact atrial septum who underwent a strategy of immediate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and left atrial decompression followed by hybrid Norwood palliation as a bridge to further palliation. Heart transplantation was ultimately performed in these 2 patients with persisting pulmonary vascular resistance abnormalities.
Social Learning, Social Bonds, Self-Control and Adolescent Nicotine Vaping.

The aim of this study was to examine whether three theories of adolescent substance use—social learning, social bonding, and self-control—were useful for predicting adolescent nicotine vaping. Meth...
Intentionality and Realism

In this paper, I argue that how a mind can come to be about an object and how the world is independently of the workings of any mind are inextricably linked. Hence, epistemology, at its most basic, and metaphysics are systematically related. In order to demonstrate the primary thesis of the paper, I first articulate two contrary accounts of the nature of reality and then two contradictory general views of intentionality. I argue that these positions can be combined in only two ways. This argument turns on the impossibility of there being an object that cannot, in principle, be thought of or referred to, so I present reasons for thinking such a thing cannot exist. The upshot is that there are but two intentional-cum-ontological positions, that is, two unified positions regarding how a mind relates to the world and what the world is like in itself. This might be surprising, for one might have thought that the views in the different domains were independent; it is significant, because it shows that views that might have seemed related by mere affinity are, in fact, necessarily conjoined. I conclude by presenting reasons for thinking one of the two intentional-cum-ontological positions is untenable.