cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Method to maintain artificial gravity during transfer maneuvers for tethered spacecraft

Abstract Artificial gravity has long been proposed to limit the harmful effects of the micro-gravity environment on human crews during mission to Mars. A tethered spacecraft spinning at 4 rpm (to avoid motion sickness) provides an attractive configuration. However, if the spacecraft is required to spin down for impulsive maneuvers and then spin up for interplanetary travel, the propellant cost may be unacceptably high. This paper proposes a maneuver that is performed while the spacecraft is spinning thus avoiding additional spin-down and spin-up maneuvers. A control law is provided to achieve the required Δ V while maintaining spin rate. A hypothetical human mission from Earth to Mars is analyzed using the new maneuver which, in this example, may save over 700 kg of propellant.
Racial Salience, Viability, and the Wilder Effect Evaluating Polling Accuracy for Black Candidates

This study assesses whether polling discrepancies for black candidates can be explained by an interaction of racial salience in an election and the candidate’s electoral strength. We hypothesize that voters will have few nonracial justifications for their lack of support for a black candidate when race is a salient issue and the candidate is electorally viable. As a result, polls will experience more problems with socially desirable response bias in such contexts. We use pre-election polls for the near-complete universe of black US Senate and gubernatorial candidates from 1982 to 2010, statewide polls from the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections, and an original measure of the racialization to test our hypothesis. Our results demonstrate that the racialization of the election leads polls to significantly overestimate only support for state-level black candidates and President Obama in contexts where the candidate has the most electoral strength. In the conclusion, we discuss how the results inform pollsters about potential hazards for social desirability response bias
Abstract 27: Antioxidant Carbon-based Nanomaterials: In-vitroProtection and In-vivo Effects on the Neurovascular Unit

Introduction:Dysfunction of the cerebrovasculature, manifested by poor reperfusion and loss of autoregulation, is a feature of ischemia and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oxidative stress is implica...
Fetal Sex Differences in Intrapartum Electronic Fetal Monitoring.

Objective The article aimed to estimate differences in electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) patterns in term gestations attributable to fetal sex. Study Design We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive, singleton, nonanomalous, term gestations that labored during admission. EFM characteristics in the 30 minutes prior to delivery were evaluated. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted risks for EFM features by sex. To further estimate the impact of sex, we limited the analysis to gestations without composite morbidity (morbidity defined as arterial cord pH Results Of 2,639 deliveries, 1,400 (53%) were male. Male fetuses had a higher number of decelerations (median [interquartile range]: 8 [5, 11] vs. 7 [4, 10], p Conclusion There are significant sex differences in EFM patterns at term among pregnancies without evidence of acidemia. This suggests that interpretation of EFM patterns may need to take into account factors such as fetal sex.
The Development of Reading Skills in Kindergarten Influence of Parental Beliefs about School Readiness, Family Activities, and Children's Attitudes to School.

Children’s early home learning experiences are important influences on children’s adjustment and achievement in the early years of school. This study explores the relationships between parental beliefs about school readiness, family engagement in home learning activities, on children’s attitudes to school as reported by parents, and children’s reading achievement in kindergarten. The analyses draw on data from 3309 children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study of Kindergartners. The analyses use structural equation modeling to test the influence of parent and family influences, including sociodemographic variables on children’s attitudes to school and children’s reading achievement in the kindergarten year. Analyses revealed that parents’ readiness beliefs and family activities were significantly related to children’s reading skills. Family activities were related to children’s attitudes about school, but these attitudes were not related to the development of reading skills. The findings suggest that higher engagement in shared parent–child activities may be an important focus in intentional efforts aimed at enhancing early reading achievement. Early childhood educators and other family practitioners can encourage parents to participate in home activities with their children because these activities encourage language interactions which are important to the development of children’s literacy.
Hepatic Enzyme Induction by Antiepileptic Drugs in the Elderly Male

To investigate the enzyme induction effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on laboratory tests in a group of elderly males, a panel of liver function tests was run on 99 patients receiving AEDs and the results were compared with 102 age-matched patients who were not receiving AEDs. Gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were abnormal in 57 patients (58%) receiving AEDs, in contrast to 13 control patients (13%) (P>.001). Thirtysix patients receiving AEDs had abnormally high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, compared with 13 controls (P>.001). Forty-six patients receiving AEDs had a GGT/ALP ratio greater than 1.0 versus 10 control patients (P>.001). Alcohol had a minimal additive effect to the enzyme induction. The elderly patients receiving AEDs tended to experience less GGT induction, but ALP induction was
Resonance behavior of metallic glass resonators and their application as sensor platform

Utilizing magnetostrictive effect, the metallic glass is used to form mechanical resonators with different configurations. The resonance behaviors of these resonators are studied under different conditions, including different dc magnetic bias fields and different ac magnetic driving field. It is found that the resonators made of metallic glass exhibit a higher quality merit factor. Based on the results, it is also found that the acoustic wave velocity of the metallic glass decreases with increasing frequency. The application of these resonators as sensor platform is investigated. It is found that both odd and even vibration modes can be detected. Therefore, it provides a unique device that is capable to detect the target species on the sensor surface without “blind point(s)”, which is a challenge for all sensors based on other types of resonators. For the biosensors based on these resonators, a high sensitivity was observed. The advantages of these sensors over the current devices are demonstrated by the detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) in water.
Pilot Situation Awareness and Its Implications for Single Pilot Operations: Analysis of a Human-In-The-Loop Study

In 2012, NASA began exploring the feasibility of single pilot/reduced crew operations in the context of scheduled air carrier operations. The current study examined how important it was for ground-based personnel providing support to single piloted aircraft (ground operators) to have opportunities to acquire situation awareness (SA) prior to being called on to assist an aircraft. We looked at two distinct concepts of operation, which varied in how much information was available to ground operators prior to being called on to assist a critical event (no vs. some Situation Preview). Thirty-five commercial pilots participated in the current study. Results suggested that a ground operators’ lack of initial SA when called on for dedicated assistance is not an issue, at least when the ground operator station displays environmental and systems data which are important to gaining overall SA of the specified aircraft. With appropriate displays, ground operators were able to provide immediate assistance, even if they had minimal SA prior to getting a request.
Race Differences in Advance Directive Completion: The Narrowing Gap Between White and African American Older Adults

Objective: Rates of advance directive completion have increased over the past decade, but significant race differences remain. This study examined how overall increases in advance directive completion have affected disparities between White and African American older adults. Method: Data were taken from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Using logistic regression models, the odds of having an advance directive among a sample of older African Americans and Whites who died between 2001 and 2012 were compared (N = 5,832). Results: Odds for African Americans were 16% of the odds for Whites, p < .001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.11, 0.23]. There were no significant interactions between race and year of death before 2010. During 2010-2012, the increase in the odds for African Americans was greater than for Whites, odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, p = .02, 95% CI = [1.14, 3.35]. Discussion: Although race disparities remain, the gap between Whites and African Americans has begun to narrow.
Repatriate Career Advancement: A Social Exchange Perspective

Building on the work of previous study, we address repatriate career advancement from social exchange perspective, and examine the effects of global competencies acquired during expatriation and role novelty upon repatriation on repatriatesi¯ career advancement. In addition, we also propose and test the moderating effect of cultural distance on aforementioned relationships to gain a better understanding on repatriatesi¯ career. Using a sample of 74 repatriates, results revealed that repatriation role novelty was positively related to repatriate career advancement received but competencies acquisition overseas were not. Results also showed that culture distance played an important moderating role.
Fusion of LiDAR Orthowaveforms and Hyperspectral Imagery for Shallow River Bathymetry and Turbidity Estimation

We propose an approach to voxelize bathymetric full-waveform LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) to generate orthowaveforms and use them to estimate shallow water bathymetry and turbidity with a nonparametric support vector regression (SVR) method. Two distinct shallow rivers were investigated ranging from clear to turbid water; hyperspectral imagery and traditional full-waveform LiDAR processing were also investigated as a baseline for comparison with the proposed orthowaveform strategy. The orthowaveform showed significant correlation to water depth in both scenarios and outperformed hyperspectral imagery for water depth estimation in more turbid water. The orthowaveforms showed similar performance to full-waveform LiDAR point observations for bathymetry estimation in clear water and outperformed the bathymetry performance of full-waveform processing in turbid water. The orthowaveforms also showed similar performance to hyperspectral imagery for predicting water turbidity in turbid water, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.32 NTU. The fusion of both hyperspectral imagery and orthowaveforms was also investigated and gave superior performance to using either data set alone. The fused data set was able to estimate depth in clear and turbid water with an RMSE of 10 and 21 cm, respectively, and turbidity with an RMSE of 1.16 NTU.
Multiliteracy Centers Spanning the Digital Divide: Providing a Full Spectrum of Support

Abstract Many publications on multiliteracy work in writing and multiliteracy centers have addressed how to respond to complex multimodal projects, but few have discussed offering basic digital literacy support for students who struggle with technology proficiency. In the same way that limited knowledge of grammar and mechanics creates barriers to academic success, limited knowledge of basic digital literacy skills inhibits success in higher education, and both skillsets are essential to meaningful, empowering communication in the 21st century. Those who struggle most with digital literacy are often found in the “digital divide,” members of underserved populations lacking sufficient experience and instruction in digital environments. Two-year colleges in particular serve students in the digital divide, and the writing centers of these institutions face the responsibility of assisting students in communicating successfully in the digital age, which includes tutoring for basic digital literacy skills. To enforce writing and multiliteracy centers as spaces that support 21st-century communication skills, multiliteracy center staff must be willing to offer meaningful support across the spectrum of digital literacy needs.
Leadership by design: intentional organization development of physician leaders

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is: first, to present a qualitative descriptive case study of the Mayo Clinic leadership and organization development philosophy and approach; second, to summarize a strategy for using intentional organization design as a foundation for culturally aligned physician leadership development and third, to describe the Mayo Clinic Leadership Model. Design/methodology/approach – This manuscript is a qualitative descriptive case study of the Mayo Clinic leadership development philosophy and approach. The authors reviewed the organization design and leadership development programs of a leading healthcare institution. In the systematic appraisal, the authors sought to understand the key features and elements of team-based leadership development and the supporting organizational characteristics that guide development with the use of a customized institutional leadership model. Findings – The authors identified four intentional characteristics of the multi-specialty group practice...
Experimental Research on Low-Oxygen Feedwater Treatment for Once-Through Boilers

The oxygenated treatment experiments are carried out in the high-pressure feedwater system of the once-through boilers for 1 000-MW and 600-MW supercritical units to study the feasibility of inhibiting corrosion in the feedwater system by low-oxygen treatment(oxygen mass concentration 30 μg/L).The low-oxygen feedwater treatment experiments are conducted for the feedwater system separately when and after the passivation film is formed,.The results show that the amount of oxygen added to the feedwater must be kept at a higher levelduring the passivation film formation.Once the passivation film comes out,it can stay long and stable with the oxygen mass concentration ranging between 10 and 20 μg/L for the protection of the feedwater system.Aiming at inhibiting the corrosion of draining systems,the pH value of the feedwater should be maintained above 9.3 when the low-oxygen treatment is applied.
The Temperature Error and Compensation for Electronic Current Transformer Based on Rogowski Coil

The output voltage of Rogowski coil electronic current transformer increases with the temperature's rise. In order to reduce the error caused by this factor,this paper proposed to connect a thermistor with positive temperature coefficient on the integral resistance in series and to compensate the temperature by software,which can correct the error and meet the use requirements.
On Vehicle Virtual Assembly Assessment

In order to ensure the vehicle is designed to manufacture and improve the assembly condition,virtual assembly assessment is applied in the field of vehicle development.Through analyzing the product model according to the manufacture ability,the product can be described in data and visualized.By this means,it doesn't need to wait for actual product model to make the eningeering decision of assembly.The vehicle virtual assembly assessment optimize product assembly with low cost and high efficiency.
Circuit-wide Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Brain Region-Specific Gene Networks Regulating Depression Susceptibility

Depression is a complex, heterogeneous disorder and a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Most previous research has focused on individual brain regions and genes contributing to depression. However, emerging evidence in humans and animal models suggests that dysregulated circuit function and gene expression across multiple brain regions drive depressive phenotypes. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on four brain regions from control animals and those susceptible or resilient to chronic social defeat stress at multiple time points. We employed an integrative network biology approach to identify transcriptional networks and key driver genes that regulate susceptibility to depressive-like symptoms. Further, we validated in vivo several key drivers and their associated transcriptional networks that regulate depression susceptibility and confirmed their functional significance at the levels of gene transcription, synaptic regulation, and behavior. Our study reveals novel transcriptional networks that control stress susceptibility and offers fundamentally new leads for antidepressant drug discovery.
Assessment of Personality and Absorption for Mediated Environments in a College Sample

While technological advancement enhances the effectiveness and versatility of mediated environments, researchers have sought to better understand how endogenous characteristics of individuals relate to the ways in which mediated environments are experienced. Although the Big Five personality traits and absorption have shown marked relations with reports of immersion, further investigation of these traits is needed. In particular, there is need for a psychometrically sound model that integrates these concepts. The aim of this study was to build upon previous research looking at the Big Five personality traits, absorption, and immersion in a large sample of college-aged individuals. Results indicate that the Big Five traits of neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion are positively related to immersion and that openness to experience possesses the strongest relationship with immersive tendency overall. By integrating an established measure of absorption, a more psychometrically sound model was achieved.
Diagnosis and management of hypoxic fetal heart rate patterns.

This article reviews patterns of the fetal heart rate which have been linked to fetal hypoxia, discusses the possible physiologic basis of these heart rate changes, and considers the clinical management of the patient whose fetus demonstrates a heart rate pattern that may be hypoxic.
CoxFe1-x oxide coatings on metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract In order to improve the performance of Cr-containing steel as an interconnect material for solid oxide fuel cells, CoFe alloy coatings with Co:Fe ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5 are deposited by electrodeposition and then oxidized to CoxFe1-x oxide coatings with a thickness of ∼6 μm as protective layers on the interconnect. The area specific resistance of the coated interconnect increases with the Fe content. Higher Co content oxide coatings are more effective in limiting the growth of the chromia scale while all coatings are effective in inhibiting Cr diffusion and evaporation. With the Co0.8Fe0.2 oxide coated interconnect, the electrochemical performance of the Sm0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathode is improved. Only 1.54 atomic percentage of Cr is detected on the surface of the Sm0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathode while no Cr is detected 0.66 μm or more into the cathode. CoxFe1-x oxide coatings are promising candidates for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects with the advantage of using existing cathode species for compatibility and performance enhancement.
Treatment Using Constructed Wetlands

A constructed wetland is an engineered natural plant and water system that is designed to treat wastewater by exploiting the processes that occur within natural wetland ecosystems. This chapter describes the principles and processes that occur in constructed wetlands that are important to wastewater treatment and water reclamation. This chapter discusses the considerations important to design and implementation of free water surface and subsurface vegetated bed wetlands for use in decentralized systems.
Pakistan: A Conducive Setting for Islamist Violence Against Ahmadis

In “Pakistan: A Conducive Setting for Islamist Violence against Ahmadis”, Fatima Z. Rahman argues that Ahmadis continue to face persecution and violence, which dates back to Pakistan’s independence. She argues that Islamist groups inspired by Deobandi theology, who are against other religious minorities, are largely responsible for perpetrating the violence against Ahmadis. Rahman argues that Ahmadis are particularly easy and vulnerable targets of Islamist terrorism because of enabling conditions created by the state’s sanctioning of persecution as well as public opinion strongly prejudiced against Ahmadis.
Prospective study of the dietary inflammatory index and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

cope Diet in relation to breast cancer etiology has been studied widely, but results have remained inconsistent. Various dietary components including fruits, vegetables, and meat have been implicated through their effects on inflammation. Using data from the Iowa Women's Health Study we examine prospectively the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and breast cancer incidence. Methods and results DII scores were computed based on baseline dietary intake assessed by a validated 121-item food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 34,700 women, aged 55–69 years at recruitment in 1986 and followed for incident breast cancer. During the 25-year follow-up period (1986-2011), 2910 incident breast cancer cases were identified. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found positive associations between DII scores and breast cancer risk (HR for DIItertiles: T3vsT1 = 1.11; 95% CI 1.00, 1.22), with stronger associations in obese women (HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.05 per unit increase in DII; 95%CI 1.02,1.12; HR for DIItertiles: T3vsT1 = 1.35; 95%CI 1.10, 1.66, p-value for interaction = 0.02). Conclusion A pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, appears to increase the risk of developing breast cancer, especially in obese postmenopausal women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
High-throughput screening of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cardiotoxicity with human induced pluripotent stem cells

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), despite their efficacy as anticancer therapeutics, are associated with cardiovascular side effects ranging from induced arrhythmias to heart failure. We used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), generated from 11 healthy individuals and 2 patients receiving cancer treatment, to screen U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved TKIs for cardiotoxicities by measuring alterations in cardiomyocyte viability, contractility, electrophysiology, calcium handling, and signaling. With these data, we generated a "cardiac safety index" to reflect the cardiotoxicities of existing TKIs. TKIs with low cardiac safety indices exhibit cardiotoxicity in patients. We also derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) and cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) to examine cell type-specific cardiotoxicities. Using high-throughput screening, we determined that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-inhibiting TKIs caused cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs, hiPSC-ECs, and hiPSC-CFs. With phosphoprotein analysis, we determined that VEGFR2/PDGFR-inhibiting TKIs led to a compensatory increase in cardioprotective insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in hiPSC-CMs. Up-regulating cardioprotective signaling with exogenous insulin or IGF1 improved hiPSC-CM viability during cotreatment with cardiotoxic VEGFR2/PDGFR-inhibiting TKIs. Thus, hiPSC-CMs can be used to screen for cardiovascular toxicities associated with anticancer TKIs, and the results correlate with clinical phenotypes. This approach provides unexpected insights, as illustrated by our finding that toxicity can be alleviated via cardioprotective insulin/IGF signaling.
1550-nm InGaAsP multi-quantum-well structures in InP nano-ridges by selective MOCVD growth on SOI substrates

We report direct growth of 1550-nm multi-quantum-well p-i-n structures in densely-packed, smooth, highly crystalline, and millimeter-long InP nano-ridges grown by MOCVD on SOI substrates using aspect-ratio-trapping and selective area growth.
Regulatory Assessments of the Effects of Noise: Moving From Threshold Shift and Injury to Behavior

The United States Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) and Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) give the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) a mandate and the authority to protect numerous species of marine mammals, sea turtles, marine and anadromous fish, mollusks, and coral from activities conducted by government agencies, corporations, academic institutions, and private individuals, including activities that introduce anthropogenic noise into freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. To satisfy its obligations under these two laws, NOAA assesses the effects of sound-producing activities using an exposure-response risk-assessment methodology that is designed to satisfy the protective mandates of these laws.
Power modulations in new phacoemulsification technology: Improved outcomes

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of new phacoemulsification technology. Setting: Oregon Eye Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA. Methods: After optimization of surgical parameters, patients were randomly assigned to cataract extraction with 1 of 4 phacoemulsification machines using new technology available within the past 1 to 2 years. Outcomes were compared with previously published results for these same machines obtained before the advent of the new technology. Results: Improvements in effective phaco time, average phaco power, percentage of clear corneas, and 20/40 or better uncorrected visual acuity at the first postoperative visit were noted for most systems using new technology. Conclusion: New phacoemulsification technology offers surgical advantages that translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Iconicity and Diagrammatic Reasoning in Meaning-Making

The focus of this chapter is twofold. The first is a semiotic description of the nature of diagrams. The second is a description of the type of reasoning that the transformation of diagrams facilitates in the construction of mathematical meanings. I am guided by the Peircean definition of diagrams as icons of possible relations and his conceptualization of diagrammatic reasoning. When a diagram is actively and intentionally observed, perceptually and intellectually, a manifold of structural relations among its parts emerges. Such relations among the parts of the diagram can potentially unveil the deep structural relations among the parts of the Object that the icon plays to represent. An Interpreter, who systematically observes and experiments with diagrams, mathematical or not, also generates evolving chains of interpretants by means of abductive, inductive and deductive thinking. Using Stjernfelt’s model of diagrammatic reasoning, which is rooted in Peircean semiotics, I illustrate an emergent reasoning process to prove two geometric propositions that were posed by means of diagrams.
Gentrification and the Increasing Significance of Racial Transition in New York City 1970–2010:

Gentrification is characterized as a spatial manifestation of economic inequality. An unsettled debate about gentrification is the extent to which it is also marked by distinct changes in neighborh...
Signal detection for bleeding associated with the use of direct oral anticoagulants

Purpose The potential link between serious or life-threatening bleeding and the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) was evaluated. Methods Qualitative and quantitative reviews of case reports of bleeding events involving dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and warfarin through March 31, 2017, were performed. A disproportionality analysis was conducted for each DOAC using an empirical Bayesian approach based on the relative reporting rate. Subanalyses were performed to assess (1) bleeding events (including mortality and life-threatening events) associated with DOACs among all adverse-event reports and (2) warfarin-related bleeding events. These analyses were conducted based on clinical definitions from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Results During the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) review period, 35 adverse-event terms (in any system organ class) with a disproportionality score (EB 05 ) of >7.5 for DOACs were identified; this accounted for 40,109 adverse-event reports. Adverse events with the highest disproportionality scores included atrial thrombosis, increased factor X level, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, high-frequency ablation, pericardial hemorrhage, and internal hemorrhage. Adverse events with the highest EB 05 (>5) included internal hemorrhage, hemorrhage, and exsanguination; events with the greatest number of patient experiences included hemorrhage (6,881 events), internal hemorrhage (2,569 events), and hematoma (1,995 events). Warfarin-related events (including death or life-threatening events) were also assessed. A total of 8,729 adverse events were associated with warfarin use. The most common of these included hemorrhage (6,225 events), hematoma (2,199 events), and internal hemorrhage (270 events). Conclusion The disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database suggests a quantitative signal between DOAC use and life-threatening or serious bleeding.
Neutrophil phagocytosis following inoculation of Salmonella choleraesuis into swine.

Neutrophils are an important mediator of host defence, especially in early stages of infection. A major function of neutrophils is the uptake and killing of invading microbes. Little is known about the effect of neutrophil activity on the pathogenesis and development of the carrier state in swine following infection with Salmonella choleraesuis. A human whole-blood microassay using flow cytometry was modified to measure the effect of S. choleraesuis infection in vivo on the rate of ingestion, or rate of uptake, of homologous bacteria by porcine neutrophils. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with 5–8×108 CFU S. choleraesuis and blood was collected in heparinized tubes at –5, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days post inoculation (PI). Heat-killed S. choleraesuis were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and incubated for various times with diluted whole blood. Red blood cells were lysed, external non-phagocytized bacteria were quenched with a commercially available lysing solution, and fluorescence from internalized bacteria labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was detected by flow cytometry. The rate of uptake by neutrophils did not increase until 2 days PI and then remained elevated to 4 days PI. The minimal uptake of S. choleraesuis early after exposure to these organisms may provide an opportunity for the pathogen to colonize and/or replicate to levels that facilitate establishment of a carrier state or clinical infection in swine.
Effects of word error rate in the DARPA communicator data during 2000 and 2001.

During 2000 and 2001 two large data collections were performed, with paid users. We analyze the effects of speech recognition accuracy, as measured by Word Error Rate (WER), on other metrics. Analysis shows a linear correlation between WER and the Task Completion metrics, and (unexpectedly) this relationship remains more or less linear even for quite high values of WER. The picture for User Satisfaction metrics is more complex, and a linear model derived from the data by using the PARADISE framework [1] is given by Walker et al. [2]. We present evidence suggesting a somewhat linear relationship between WER and User Satisfaction for WER less than 35% or 40% in 2001, compared to stronger correlations in 2000. Finally, we note that the size of effect of increasing WER on Task Completion (slope of the least-squares regression line) appears to be about half as large in 2001 as in 2000, which we attribute to improved strategies for accomplishing tasks despite speech recognition errors. We consider this to be an important accomplishment of the research groups who built the Communicator implementations.
Interbacterial mechanisms of colonization resistance and the strategies pathogens use to overcome them

The communities of bacteria that reside in the intestinal tract are in constant competition within this dynamic and densely colonized environment. At homeostasis, the equilibrium that exists between these species and strains is shaped by their metabolism and also by pathways of active antagonism, which drive competition with related and unrelated strains. Importantly, these normal activities contribute to colonization resistance by the healthy microbiota, which includes the ability to prevent the expansion of potential pathogens. Disruption of the microbiota, resulting from, for example, inflammation or antibiotic use, can reduce colonization resistance. Pathogens that engraft following disruption of the microbiota are often adapted to expand into newly created niches and compete in an altered gut environment. In this review, we examine both the interbacterial mechanisms of colonization resistance and the strategies of pathogenic strains to exploit gaps in colonization resistance.
The structure of Argentine tango

Despite its seemingly infinite variety of figures, Argentine tango has a clear, underlying structure, from which all figures can be derived. Only four variables are required to explain the diversit...
FRI0673 Do patient reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS) computer adaptive tests correlate with disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Background: The importance of patient-reported outcomes is increasingly recognized both in clinical care and in research. PROMIS is an NIH-supported collection of patient-reported outcome measures, covering a variety of domains that are designed without disease specificity. While ‘short forms’ have been studied in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), PROMIS computer adaptive tests (CATs) have not. Objectives: This study evaluates whether PROMIS CATs correlate with disease activity in patients with JIA. Methods: A convenience sample of patients with JIA (N=21) were recruited from a single center. Patients aged 10–17 years completed all available pediatric PROMIS CATs, and parents of patients aged 2–9 years completed all available parent proxy PROMIS CATs (fatigue, pain interference, peer relations, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and mobility). Correlation of the CATs t-scores with disease activity, as measured by the Juvenile Disease Activity Score-71 (JADAS-71), (0–101, higher being worse) was evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: All families approached completed the PROMIS CATs: 13 patients and 8 parents (table 1). Median age was 12.7 years (range 1.3 – 18.6 years), and mean JADAS-71 score was 9.58 (SD 2.07). 69% of patients completed PROMIS CATs remotely via smartphone. Anxiety (r=0.74, p=0.006), depressive symptoms (r=0.84, p Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the PROMIS CATs are feasible to administer in an outpatient pediatric rheumatology setting. Anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pain interference were significantly correlated with disease activity, even though mean disease activity was relatively low. This underscores the negative effect on quality of life of even mild disease. Parent proxy CATs showed poor correlations with disease activity, suggesting parents are inaccurate in assessing important aspects of their child’s health. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity of PROMIS CATS to change in disease activity over time. Disclosure of Interest: None declared
Effects of music on behavior and physiological stress response of domestic cats in a veterinary clinic.

ObjectivesOur objective was to determine if feline-specific music played in a veterinary clinical setting would promote lower cat stress scores (CSSs), lower mean handling scale scores (HSs) and re...
Is There A Neck-Shoulder Syndrome?

Co-existent neck and shoulder pain has been described in limited fashion in the literature as a unique diagnosis, but the concomitant presentation of neck and shoulder pain is a common scenario in primary care and orthopedic offices.
What Every Elementary School Mathematics Teacher Should Read--Twenty-two Opinions.

mentary school mathematics (K-6) to read. Three similar surveys have been reported in the Mathematics Teacher (Lazarnick and Frantz 1984; Leake 1972; and Leake 1983), but this was the first to focus on the elementary school classroom. Of the twenty-nine educators surveyed, seventeen are women and twelve are men. Twenty-two replied, thirteen women and nine men. They are Gary G. Bitter, Elizabeth Fennema, David Fielker, Shirley Frye, Carole Greenes, Judith Jacobs, Martin Johnson, Margaret J. Kenney, Betty K. Lichtenberg, Mary M. Lindquist, Bonnie H. Litwiller, Lola J. May, Doyal Nelson, Phares G.
Gating by inhibition during top-down control of willed attention.

In natural settings, the control of attention may be influenced both by external information as well as internal decision-making processes driven by intent (e.g. free will). In past studies of spat...
Rightsizing expectations for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage toward ambitious climate goals

Abstract The Paris Agreement establishes a long-term temperature goal of limiting global mean warming well below 2°C above preindustrial levels. Current deployments of proven approaches for limiting climate change, however, are far from the rates and scales needed to meet this goal. Against this backdrop, technologies for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, especially bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), are increasingly asserted as essential, provoking debate. Here, we rightsize expectations for BECCS in ambitious climate response. This chapter evaluates potential constraints to BECCS at very large scale and in scenarios in which global temperatures peak and then decline. It also analyzes near-term opportunities for catalyzing BECCS development, demonstration, and deployment. The examples used include both global analyses and regional consideration of near-term options in the United States. On balance, we identify robust opportunities to deploy BECCS technologies toward ambitious climate goals, though likely at smaller scales than those asserted in the present literature.
From Masks to Metal Cloth

(2008). From Masks to Metal Cloth. Critical Interventions: Vol. 2, Interrogating African Modernity, pp. 133-146.
El momento óptimo para comenzar los cuidados paliativos en insuficiencia cardiaca: una revisión narrativa

Resumen La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una enfermedad con una alta mortalidad y progresivo deterioro funcional. A pesar de las recomendaciones, los cardiologos derivan a los pacientes con IC hacia una intervencion de cuidados paliativos de forma tardia y en porcentajes mucho menores que otros especialistas. Una de las razones para este retraso es la complejidad para establecer un pronostico en la IC, lo que hace dificil establecer cuando y como son mas efectivos los cuidados paliativos, un recurso por otro lado escaso. Seria mas prudente considerar los cuidados paliativos en ciertos momentos criticos en la historia natural de los pacientes con IC. Estos momentos criticos incluyen: a) la aparicion de signos de mal pronostico en las consultas externas; b) la necesidad de hospitalizacion o la necesidad de una unidad de cuidados intensivos, y c) en el momento de la evaluacion de los pacientes para la indicacion de ciertos procedimientos, como son la asistencia ventricular izquierda y la ablacion de arritmias ventriculares refractarias, entre otros. En esta revision narrativa se sintetiza de forma esquematica los resultados de los estudios que han evaluado las intervenciones de cuidados paliativos en este contexto.
No Sample Preparation

Sample preparation for pharmaceutical dosage forms can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. One option to reduce or eliminate this work is to use an analysis method that requires no or minimal sample preparation. This chapter discusses uses of vibrational spectroscopy (e.g., infrared, Raman) and mass spectrometry techniques to analyze dosage forms with no or minimal sample preparation to obtain identification, polymorph, water content, potency, and purity information. A high-level description of these techniques will be presented along with example applications.
Optic nerve sheath diameter does not correlate with intracranial pressure in pediatric neurocritical care patients

Intracranial pressure (ICP) > 20 mmHg is associated with worse outcomes in children. The gold standard for monitoring ICP is invasive, has complications such as bleeding and infection, and may not be available in resource limited areas. Ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been studied as a noninvasive way to evaluate for elevated ICP in adults. Its utility in pediatrics remains unclear. A prospective study was performed in a pediatric intensive care unit in children ≤ 18 years old. ONSD ultrasound was performed using a 13–6 MHz linear probe with the patient’s invasively measured ICP simultaneously recorded. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the association between ONSD and ICP. One hundred thirty-six measurements were obtained from 16 patients. ONSD was not significantly associated with ICP (p = 0.51). A ROC curve assessing ONSD to determine elevated ICP > 20 mmHg had an area under the curve of 0.52 (95%CI = 0.32–0.72). There was no difference in measurements obtained between the left and right ONSD at the same time (p = 0.82). In conclusion, this study demonstrated no association between ONSD measurement and invasively monitored ICP in critically ill children.
From News to Talk: The Expansion of Opinion and Commentary in US Journalism: Kimberly Meltzer. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2020, 270 pp., ISBN No. 978-1-4384-7348-2 (paperback).

With the recent rise of right-wing populist candidates across much of the Western world, the role of journalism in disseminating informative news is a highly prevalent topic. After news media acros...
Denial and minimization among sex offenders

A review of empirical studies of offenders-particularly sex offenders, and more particularly those who offend against children-demonstrates that denial of offenses and minimization of offending behavior are quite common at every stage of the criminal justice process. This is true during police interviews, during pretrial and presentencing mental health evaluations, among incarcerated offenders, among offenders seeking treatment, among offenders facing parole review, and among offenders already released into the community. This review highlights gaps in the research literature arising from inconsistencies in the definitions and measurement of denial and minimization, from the stage of adjudication or treatment at which measurements are made, and from the use of polygraphy to increase disclosures. Despite these limitations on the generalizability of empirical findings, it appears beyond dispute that many sex offenders maintain their innocence in the face of evidence to the contrary or even criminal conviction, and that many are able to recite additional crimes they have committed when they believe it is in their self-interest to do so.
Believing Without Seeing: The Problem of Eyewitness Misidentification

Eyewitness testimony is the primary source of evidence in over 50,000 criminal trials every year, and eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of wrongful convictions. Eyewitness error has played a substantial role in over 70% of overturned convictions. My comment discusses the intricate malfunctions of eyewitness testimony and proposes a potential solution by incorporating an impartial third party attorney into the criminal justice system to act as a check upon the witness, questioning his confidence and his memory before he ever gets to the witness stand. The hope is that by doing so, the eyewitnesses with insecure testimonies, and those that would have made a misidentification that would lead to a wrongful conviction would be filtered out early on. The Supreme Court in Neil v. Biggers, laid out a five-factor analysis for determining eyewitness reliability in an effort to solve the misidentification problem. These factors have been heavily scrutinized since their introduction, and it is query whether they are a reliable determinant. Other reforms could be implemented like questioning witnesses via blind administration where the officer conducting the interview is unaware who the suspect is, preventing bias. Furthermore, experts should be permitted to testify to the shortcoming of eyewitness memory. The courts are reluctant to incorporate many of these proposals, instead choosing to rely upon traditional safeguards like cross-examination. By embracing these modifications the nightmares of wrongful convictions can be put to rest once and for all.
Towards Botnet hazard analysis with generative adversarial networks for threat detection

Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is regarded as a class of generative models that relies on unsupervised machine learning. In this paper work, we design and evaluate a novel optimized GAN model with anomaly detection algorithm and compare it with a base signature anomaly GAN detection model. Typical anomaly detection algorithms that depend on the generative hostile network that are expected to produce robust and accurate detection of anomalies in a scalable number of data points, result in decrease in accuracy because of lack of enough data or unfiltered resampling data techniques. Thus, unlike in traditional neural networks for feature identification, our proposed approach leverages anomaly and mining prediction GAN ingestion with unique monitoring engine features for enhancing the identification, system resiliency, and overall performance with weight updates for the discriminator and generator models. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed approach results in better detection over the state-of-the-art predictive botnet detection.
A 28-GHz Passive Outphasing Load Modulator in 40-nm GaN

This paper presents a passive tunable matching network for load-modulation of a power amplifier (PA). With a set of discrete RF switches, different real impedance transformations can be realized to optimize the loadline match of the PA for output power and/or efficiency. To handle high-power, a 40-nm GaN MMIC process was used to realize three RF switches that switch across a ring impedance network. The tunable matching network realizes 15, 50, or 80Ω depending on the switch state with insertion loss (IL) between 1.7 and 3.3 dB at a center frequency of 28 GHz. The GaN devices have a high breakdown point and therefore the network P 1 dB exceeds 33 dBm. The bandwidth of the network exceeds 2.5 GHz.
Browser based agile e-voting system

In the recent past, in spite of several real world implementations available for Internet [browser-based] e-voting, there seems to be a pattern emerging, one of apathy towards improving voter convenience / participation. The goal of the proposed system evolves from the premise that, there should be a priority shift towards addressing the needs of the Voter, hence, most of the other requirements of this system, such as Security, Anonymity, Universal Verifiability, Individual Verifiability, Receipt-Freeness and Fairness are a direct by-product of this goal. In order to secure a higher voter participation, the proposed system considers the trade-offs between strict adherence to essential properties and practicality / user-convenience. To further secure the voter confidence/trust, a practical approach to Individual Verifiability has been implemented, without compromising the Receipt-Freeness property. So, with such flexibility and consumer-oriented approach, it is but evident that Agility is the hallmark of this project.