cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impacts of ATC Related Maneuvers on Meeting a Required Time of Arrival

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) as defined by the Joint Planning and Development Office includes Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) as part of its concept of operation. TBO are envisioned to form the basis for both more strategic planning in the NGATS and for more tactical operations including separation management. The cornerstone of this concept is the establishment of a four-dimensional trajectory. The concept also calls for the use of a Controlled Time of Arrival (CTA) to help manage the use of a specific system resource. A Flight Management System (FMS) onboard the aircraft has capabilities that may prove useful when operating under TBO. Such capabilities include Required Time of Arrival (RTA) - the capability to "self-deliver" to a specified waypoint at a specified time. The RTA capability may be employed to implement a CTA. This paper presents an investigation into the FMS capabilities to meet an RTA and looks at the impact of using a lateral offset maneuver to address a tactical situation has on a flight's ability to meet an RTA. Several PC-based models of a Smiths Aerospace FMS/Boeing 737 aircraft were used during this investigation. This study focused on an RTA at a waypoint during the cruise phase of a flight.
Therapeutic potential of GW501516 and the role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and B-cell lymphoma 6 in inflammatory signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response via activation of anti-inflammatory target genes and ligand-induced disassociation with the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6). Chronic pancreatitis is considered to be a significant etiological factor for pancreatic cancer development, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the transition between inflammation and carcinogenesis would help further elucidate chemopreventative options. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PPARβ/δ and BCL6 in human pancreatic cancer of ductal origin, as well as the therapeutic potential of PPARβ/δ agonist, GW501516. Over-expression of PPARβ/δ inhibited basal and TNFα-induced Nfkb luciferase activity. GW501516-activated PPARβ/δ suppressed TNFα-induced Nfkb reporter activity. RNAi knockdown of Pparb attenuated the GW501516 effect on Nfkb luciferase, while knockdown of Bcl6 enhanced TNFα-induced Nfkb activity. PPARβ/δ activation induced expression of several anti-inflammatory genes in a dose-dependent manner, and GW501516 inhibited Mcp1 promoter-driven luciferase in a BCL6-dependent manner. Several pro-inflammatory genes were suppressed in a BCL6-dependent manner. Conditioned media from GW501516-treated pancreatic cancer cells suppressed pro-inflammatory expression in THP-1 macrophages as well as reduced invasiveness across a basement membrane. These results demonstrate that PPARβ/δ and BCL6 regulate anti-inflammatory signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting NFκB and pro-inflammatory gene expression, and via induction of anti-inflammatory target genes. Activation of PPARβ/δ may be a useful target in pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
A wireless batteryless implantable radiofrequency lesioning device powered by intermediate-range segmented coil transmitter

A batteryless implantable radiofrequency lesioning (RFL) device powered by magnetic coupling is presented. The implant is composed of bipolar RFL electrodes, an energy-receiving coil, and a resonant capacitor circuit for maximizing the received power and providing an appropriate voltage for the electrodes. A 40-cm transmitting coil designed to wrap around the patient's body is used to generate a uniform magnetic field in a large volume so precise coil alignment is not necessary. The transmitting coil is divided to 24 segments by resonant capacitors to significantly reduce the excitation voltage to a safe level. The system was tested using ex-vivo chicken muscle tissue. Experimental results show that with a transmitting coil excitation of 1.2 A rms , the implant can lesion the muscle tissue by achieving a temperature of 55 °C. When the excitation increased to 1.6 A rms , the tissue temperature was increased to 83 °C. FEA simulation results demonstrate that the human body SAR is lower than the safety limit of 2 W kg−1 suggested by international guidelines when the excitation is 1.6 A rms .
Vertical Distribution and Daily Flight Periodicity of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Florida Avocado Orchards Affected by Laurel Wilt

Ambrosia beetles have emerged as significant pests of avocado ((Persea americana Mill. [Laurales: Lauraceae])) due to their association with pathogenic fungal symbionts, most notably Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae), the causal agent of the laurel wilt (LW) disease. We evaluated the interaction of ambrosia beetles with host avocado trees by documenting their flight height and daily flight periodicity in Florida orchards with LW. Flight height was assessed passively in three avocado orchards by using ladder-like arrays of unbaited sticky traps arranged at three levels (low: 0-2 m; middle: 2-4 m; high: 4-6 m). In total, 1,306 individuals of 12 Scolytinae species were intercepted, but six accounted for ~95% of the captures: Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Hypothenemus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The primary vector of R. lauricola, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was not detected. Females of X. volvulus showed a preference for flight at low levels and X. bispinatus for the low and middle levels; however, captures of all other species were comparable at all heights. At a fourth orchard, a baiting method was used to document flight periodicity. Females of X. saxesenii and Hypothenemus sp. were observed in flight 2-2.5 h prior to sunset; X. bispinatus, X. volvulus, and X. affinis initiated flight at ~1 h before sunset and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at 30 min prior to sunset. Results suggest that ambrosia beetles in South Florida fly near sunset (when light intensity and wind speed decrease) at much greater heights than previously assumed and have species-specific patterns in host-seeking flight.
Ibuprofen + acetaminophen did not differ from opioids + acetaminophen for reducing acute extremity pain at 2 h.

Source Citation Chang AK, Bijur PE, Esses D, Barnaby DP, Baer J. Effect of a single dose of oral opioid and nonopioid analgesics on acute extremity pain in the emergency department: a randomized cl...
Intrinsic Homogeneous Linewidth of Trions in Monolayer MoSe 2

We have measured the intrinsic homogeneous linewidth of trions in monolayer MoSe 2 using two-dimensional spectroscopy. The linewidth is 3.60 meV, corresponding to a decoherence time of 182 fs.
Improvement of fatigue life of boron/epoxy laminates by heat treatment under load

A heat-treatment procedure was used to produce compressive residual stresses in the matrix of notched [90 2 /0 2 ] s and [0 2 /90 2 ] s boron/epoxy laminated composites. The residual stress was obtained by using the creep behavior of epoxy under high temperatures. A simple expression for the creep strain was derived from measured creep properties of epoxy. Using this expression a simple creep analysis showed that the residual stress induced by creep of matrix was of the same order of magnitude as the curing stress. Static strength and fatigue tests were conducted on both treated and untreated specimens. The results indicate that the heat treatment has the potential to increase significantly the fatigue life without reducing the static strength of the laminates.
Complexity of the interpersonal self and affective reactions to interpersonal stressors in life and in the laboratory

Self-complexity refers to the number and interrelatedness of a person's conceptions of himself or herself. In both a naturalistic survey and a laboratory study, we applied self-complexity theory to test a marker of cognitive vulnerability to interpersonal stress, specifically the aspect impact quotient (AIQ) of the interpersonal self. A high interpersonal AIQ reflects an interpersonal self with a large number of traits that are dispersed among other self-aspects. In Study 1, we found that subjects with high compared with low interpersonal AIQ became more dysphoric after the experience of real-life interpersonal (friend) stressors, and that this effect was unique to interpersonal AIQ, In Study 2, we hypothesized that affective reactions to interpersonal acceptance or rejection in the laboratory would be more extreme for individuals with high compared with low interpersonal AIQ. Analysis of positive affect revealed the hypothesized effect for AIQ × Outcome, and this effect was unique to interpersonal AIQ. However, subjects' negative affect was unrelated to their interpersonal AIQ. Overall, the results of these two studies suggest that the relative structure of each individual's interpersonal self influences his or her affective reactions to interpersonal events, and that self-complexity theory, applied to a specific self-aspect, can contribute to an understanding of stress vulnerability.
DLVO Interaction between Colloidal Particles: Beyond Derjaguin’s Approximation

Van der Waals and electrostatic double layer interactions between two colloidal particles are evaluated from the corresponding interaction energies per unit area between two infinite flat plates using a recently developed technique, the surface element integration. Application of the technique to two interacting spheres results in predictions of interaction energies that are substantially more accurate compared to the predictions based on conventional Derjaguin's approximation. The superior results of the technique compared to Derjaguin’s approximation are attributed to the more rigorous consideration of particle curvature effects in the surface element integration technique.
From Planning to the Market: Changes in Hospital Approaches to Medical Technology

Medical procedures and technologies have expanded explosively over the last thirty years, presenting immense challenges to U.S. hospitals, typically free-standing nonprofit community institutions governed by boards of private citizens or religious orders. The potential of such hospitals to make ill-advised and costly decisions has been a constant theme of policy for two decades. A common perception is that hospital medical technologies diffuse among community hospitals too rapidly and too broadly, with too much costly duplication and without regard for under-use. This contributed in the 1970s to the introduction of governmental mechanisms for health planning and regulation and, in the 1980s, of prospective payment schemes and the market place for health care. This paper examines the technology decision processes of hospitals and hospital doctors between 1976 and 1990, the period when the U.S. experimented with governmental planning and regulation, then phased it out in favor of prospective payment and the market place for health care.
Twisting of the Geomagnetic Tail

Theory and models indicate that the IMF causes the magnetotail to produce an observable twist, predicting that the torque should bring the north lobe south of the GSM xy plane on one flank of the magnetotail, and the south lobe north of the plane on the other flank. In this paper, ISEE-3 geotail observations are compared with simultaneously made IMP 8 IMF observations supplemented by inferred IMF B(y) polarities to demonstrate the IMF-induced magnetotail twist. The results indicate that twisting is the single most important factor accounting for observations of the north lobe south of the GSM xy plane and the south lobe north of the plane. The value of the observed magnetotail twist about its aberrated axis is about 18 deg.
An Investigation of Cold-Season Short-Wave Troughs in the Great Lakes Region and Their Concurrence with Lake-Effect Clouds

AbstractThe downwind shores of the Laurentian Great Lakes region often receive prolific amounts of lake-effect snowfall during the cold season (October–March). The location and intensity of this sn...
Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL, Bassen–Kornzweig Disease)

Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene. These mutations lead to fat malabsorption, with associated vitamin E deficiency, which manifests as sensory neuropathy, pigmentary retinopathy, and acanthocytosis. Treatment with vitamin E is effective in managing the neuropathy if instituted early, but the retinopathy may not be reversible or preventable. Hypo- β -lipoproteinemia is clinically very similar to ABL but results from mutations in several unrelated genes.
"Of Acculturative Stress and Integration Distress: The Resettlement Challenges of Bhutanese Refugees in Metro Atlanta"

Bhutanese refugees represent one of the most recent waves of immigration to the United States. Resettled since 2008, the community finds itself marred by what Berry et al. (1987) termed ‘acculturat...
Bioinspired self-healing, superliquiphobic and self-cleaning hydrogel-coated surfaces with high durability.

Bioinspired self-healing materials are being developed with intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms. Some materials heal by an external stimulus, such as heat, UV light, pH, electric field and humidity. ...
It Will Take a Global Movement to Curb Corruption in Health Systems Comment on "We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems".

Corruption in health systems is a problem around the world. Prior research consistently shows that corruption is detrimental to population health. Yet public health professionals are slow to address this complicated issue on a global scale. In the editorial entitled “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems” concern with the general lack of discourse on this topic amongst health professionals is highlighted. In this invited commentary three contributing factors that hamper public dialogue on corruption are discussed. These include (i) corrupt acts are often not illegal, (ii) government and medical professionals continued acceptance of corruption in the health systems, and (iii) lack of awareness within the general public on the extent of the problem. It is advocated that a global movement that is fully inclusive needs to occur to eradicate corruption.
The State of Knowledge Distillation for Classification.

We survey various knowledge distillation (KD) strategies for simple classification tasks and implement a set of techniques that claim state-of-the-art accuracy. Our experiments using standardized model architectures, fixed compute budgets, and consistent training schedules indicate that many of these distillation results are hard to reproduce. This is especially apparent with methods using some form of feature distillation. Further examination reveals a lack of generalizability where these techniques may only succeed for specific architectures and training settings. We observe that appropriately tuned classical distillation in combination with a data augmentation training scheme gives an orthogonal improvement over other techniques. We validate this approach and open-source our code.
Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks : An Introduction

This book covers all important, new, and conventional aspects of building electrical systems, power distribution, lighting, transformers and rotating electric machines, wiring, and building installations. Solved examples, end-of-chapter questions and problems, case studies, and design considerations are included in each chapter, highlighting the concepts, and diverse and critical features of building and industrial electrical systems, such as electric or thermal load calculations; wiring and wiring devices; conduits and raceways; lighting analysis, calculation, selection, and design; lighting equipment and luminaires; power quality; building monitoring; noise control; building energy envelope; air-conditioning and ventilation; and safety. Two chapters are dedicated to distributed energy generation, building integrated renewable energy systems, microgrids, DC nanogrids, power electronics, energy management, and energy audit methods, topics which are not often included in building energy textbooks. Support materials are included for interested instructors. Readers are encouraged to write their own solutions while solving the problems, and then refer to the solved examples for more complete understanding of the solutions, concepts, and theory.
Comparison of USACE Three-Factor Wetland Delineations to National Wetland Inventory Maps

Wetlands are mapped across the USA for compliance with §404 of the Clean Water Act using field-collected data and protocols in the 1987 Federal Wetlands Delineation Manual (3-factor method). The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps wetlands and deepwater habitats for management and policy-making using aerial image analysis with limited field verification. There have been few comparisons of maps other than for limited geographic areas or wetland types. We compared 3-factor wetland delineations to NWI maps for 1751 assessment areas (AA) in different regions. We did not assess the accuracy of either product, but instead compared mapped area and polygon count for existing data at sites, then aggregated results to broader scales and compared with ancillary data to identify factors correlated with map differences. In a subset of NWI polygons eliminating non-wetland Cowardin types, 74% of NWI polygons were mapped in common with 3-factor polygons. NWI identified greater area in 33% of AA and greater total area across all sites. Approximately 27% of AA had 3-factor but no NWI polygons, while 6.7% of AA had features mapped only by NWI. Multiple factors likely contributed to differences including polygon size and temporal mismatches between maps, suggesting caution be used when comparing products.
Risk factors associated with curiosity about alcohol use in the ABCD cohort

Abstract Curiosity and intent to use alcohol in pre-adolescence is a risk factor for later experimentation and use, yet we know little of how curiosity about use develops. Here, we examine factors that may influence curiosity about alcohol use, as it may be an important predictor of later drinking behavior. Cross-sectional data on youth ages 10–11 from the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study Year 1 follow-up were used (n = 2,334; NDA 2.0.1). All participants were substance-naive at time of assessment. Group factor analysis identified latent factors across common indicators of risk for early substance use (i.e., psychopathology and trait characteristics; substance use attitudes/behaviors; neurocognition; family and environment). Logistic mixed-effect models tested associations between latent factors of risk for early substance use and curiosity about alcohol use, controlling for demographics and study site. Two multidimensional factors were significantly inversely and positively associated with greater curiosity about alcohol use, respectively: 1) low internalizing and externalizing symptomatology coupled with low impulsivity, perceived neighborhood safety, negative parental history of alcohol use problems, and fewer adverse life experiences and family conflict; and 2) low perceived risk of alcohol use coupled with lack of peer disapproval of use. When assessing all risk factors in an overall regression, lack of perceived harm from trying alcohol once or twice was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol curiosity. Taken together, perceptions that alcohol use causes little harm and having peers with similar beliefs is related to curiosity about alcohol use among substance-naive 10–11-year-olds. General mental health and environmental risk factors similarly increase the odds of curiosity for alcohol. Identification of multidimensional risk factors for early alcohol use may point to novel prevention and early intervention targets. Future longitudinal investigations in the ABCD cohort will determine the extent to which these factors and curiosity predict alcohol use among youth.
Tumor control and cosmetic outcome of weekly iridium-192 high-dose-rate brachytherapy for nonmelanoma skin cancers in the elderly.

Abstract Purpose Radiotherapy with high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is used to treat nonmelanoma skin cancers. We retrospectively analyzed a hypofractionated regimen to assess its safety and efficacy in elderly patients ≥70 years. Methods and Materials Forty-eight patients with 67 lesions treated since 2016 with catheter-based iridium-192 HDR brachytherapy using a custom mold or three-dimensional–printed applicator met inclusion criteria. Treatment was 36 Gy in six weekly fractions. Local and locoregional control were assessed with Kaplan–Meier curves. Acute and late toxicity were graded as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5. Cosmesis was defined as “excellent” (indistinguishable from untreated skin), “good” (minimal changes), or “poor” (extensive changes). Univariate analyses were performed. Results Median age was 85.7 years, and 21 were female. Durable local control occurred in 63 lesions (94.0%), giving estimated local control of 100% at 6 months, 95.1% at 1 year, and 88.8% at 2 years. No factors were predictive of local control on univariate analysis. All experienced acute toxicity that ultimately resolved: 28.4% Grade 2 and 4.5% Grade 3. Larger treatment volume receiving ≥36 Gy was associated with increased Grade ≥2 acute toxicity. Patients experienced late Grade 2 and late Grade 4 toxicity after 6.5% treatments each. Younger age was associated with increased Grade ≥2 late toxicity. “Good” or better cosmesis occurred in 93.2%, and “poor” cosmesis was associated with lower extremities and larger lesions. Conclusions Hypofractionated HDR brachytherapy using 36 Gy in six weekly fractions is associated with satisfactory locoregional control and cosmesis with minimal risk of severe acute or late toxicities.
Information content in gene mapping

Most of the gene mapping studies have missing or incomplete information, for example, uncertain identical-by-descent sharing in linkage projects or unknown phase in haplotype-based association studies. Measures of the information content can help in designing experiments, selecting follow-up strategies, and in understanding the loss of power due to incomplete information. Keywords: linkage analysis; association studies; incomplete information; entropy; measures of information; lod score; likelihood ratio test
Windsor's Right to Marry

This Essay reads the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Windsor, which technically rested on equal protection grounds, through the lens of the fundamental right to marry. It shows that Justice Kennedy, who authored the majority opinion, espoused a view of marriage that suggests that the fundamental right to marry as presently understood safeguards a right that applies to same-sex couples. Yet this Essay argues that even if the Court ultimately rejects the fundamental rights claim, understanding Windsor’s right-to-marry dimensions reveals why the case for marriage equality has resonated so strongly. Over the past few decades, LGBT advocates have located same-sex relationships within ascendant marital norms. They have situated same-sex couples within marriage’s private welfare function and have emphasized the unique public recognition that marriage bestows and that same-sex couples seek. In Windsor, the Court absorbed this LGBT rights work by contextualizing same-sex couples within a contemporary model of marriage in which marriage’s private welfare function and its public recognition dimensions are mutually reinforcing. Ultimately, this specific understanding of the right to marry will likely guide the Court’s equal protection, rather than substantive due process, analysis when it one day determines the constitutionality of state marriage prohibitions. Under the view of marriage adopted in Windsor, the Court will likely find that same-sex couples are similarly situated to different-sex couples, that governmental interests rooted in biological procreation and dual-gender parenting are unrelated to marriage’s primary purpose, and that separate nonmarital regimes fail to offer equal treatment.
Short-ranged resonating valence bond physics, quantum dimer models, and Ising gauge theories

Quantum dimer models are believed to capture the essential physics of antiferromagnetic phases dominated by short-ranged valence bond configurations. We show that these models arise as particular limits of Ising ${(Z}_{2})$ gauge theories, but that in these limits the system develops a larger local U(1) invariance that has different consequences on different lattices. Conversely, we note that the standard ${Z}_{2}$ gauge theory is a generalized quantum dimer model, in which the particular relaxation of the hardcore constraint for the dimers breaks the U(1) down to ${Z}_{2}.$ These mappings indicate that at least one realization of the Senthil--Fisher proposal for fractionalization is exactly the short ranged resonating valence bond (RVB) scenario of Anderson and of Kivelson, Rokhsar and Sethna. They also suggest that other realizations will require the identification of a local low energy, Ising link variable and a natural constraint. We also discuss the notion of topological order in ${Z}_{2}$ gauge theories and its connection to earlier ideas in RVB theory. We note that this notion is not central to the experiment proposed by Senthil and Fisher to detect vortices in the conjectured ${Z}_{2}$ gauge field.
The poverty/environment nexus in Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic

Environmental degradation can inflict serious damage on poor people because their livelihoods often depend on natural resource use and their living conditions may offer little protection from air, water, and soil pollution. At the same time, poverty-constrained options may induce the poor to deplete resources and degrade the environment at rates that are incompatible with long-term sustainability. In such cases, degraded resources may precipitate a downward spiral, by further reducing the income and livelihoods of the poor. This "poverty/environment nexus" has become a major issue in the recent literature on sustainable development. In regions where the nexus is significant, jointly addressing problems of poverty and environmental degradation may be more cost-effective than addressing them separately. Empirical evidence on the prevalence and importance of the poverty/environment nexus is sparse because the requisite data are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. The authors use newly available spatial and survey data to investigate the spatial dimension of the nexus in Cambodia, and Lao People's Democratic Republic. The data enable the authors to quantify several environmental problems at the district and provincial level. In a parallel exercise, they map the provincial distribution of poor households. Merging the geographic information on poverty and the environment, the authors search for the nexus using geo-referenced indicator maps and statistical analysis. The results suggest that the nexus is country-specific: geographical, historical, and institutional factors may all play important roles in determining the relative importance of poverty and environment links in different contexts. Joint implementation of poverty and environment strategies may be cost-effective for some environmental problems, but independent implementation may be preferable in many cases as well. Since the search has not revealed a common nexus, the authors conclude on a cautionary note. The evidence suggests that the nexus concept can provide a useful catalyst for country-specific work, but not a general formula for program design. This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand poverty/environment links in different contexts.
DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada

-White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) eggs collected in 1996 at Carson Lake, Nevada, showed no decrease in p,p'-DDE (DDE) concentrations from levels in 1985 and 1986 which is contrary to DDE patterns shown for most avian species. An estimated 40-45% of the population was adversely affected by DDE in 1985, 1986, and 1996 with a probable net loss of about 20% of the expected productivity. One segment of the nesting population at Carson Lake in 1996 averaged 18.3% eggshell thinning, although the mean for the whole population is not known. Obvious population declines of White-faced Ibis have not been reported, although quantitative population data are incomplete; however, the excellent and predictable food sources on the breeding grounds in Nevada (due to flood irrigation by farmers) appear to contribute to a high reproductive potential. While adverse consequences of DDE were not documented at the population level, it is important to locate the source(s) of the DDE/p,p'-DDT (DDT). Results of a previous study showed that prey from the breeding grounds were not contaminated with DDE/DDT. The White-faced Ibis DDE/DDT loads are suspected to originate from localized areas on the wintering grounds and/or staging areas. Use of satellite transmitters placed on nesting birds is proposed to locate the source of the DDE/DDT. Received 27 May 1997, accepted 23 August 1997, final revision received 8 September 1997.
Human growth hormone enhances pertussis toxin-stimulated ADP-ribosylation of Gi in Nb2 cell membrane.

The Nb2 node lymphoma cell line has been widely used as a model for investigating lactogen cellular actions. Both pertussis (PTX) and cholera (CTX) toxins modulate lactogen-stimulated Nb2 cell mitogenesis, suggesting G protein involvement in lactogen signal transduction. The following studies were performed to further investigate this possibility. Both PTX-sensitive (41 kDa) and CTX-sensitive substrates (42 and 45 kDa) were identified in Nb2 cell membrane and recognized by specific anti-Gi and anti-Gs antibodies, respectively. Equal numbers of Nb2 cells were then incubated with the lactogen human growth hormone (hGH, 10 ng/ml) for 0-72 h. Membrane protein prepared from each time point (50 micrograms) was compared in toxin-stimulated ADP-ribosylation studies. CTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation was unaffected by prior hGH incubation. PTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation increased 237 +/- 69% (X +/- S.E.) compared with 0-h controls (n = 11; p less than 0.01) after 4-7 h of hGH incubation then decreased toward 0-h samples by 24 and 72 h. No change in Gi alpha concentration was observed, but beta subunit concentration increased (145 +/- 14% at 7 h; p less than 0.01; n = 3) in a time course that paralleled the changes in PTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation. In summary, 1) both Gi and Gs were present in Nb2 cell membrane, 2) incubation of cells with a lactogen, hGH, for 4-7 h markedly enhanced PTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha in vitro, whereas CTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha was unchanged, and 3) although no change in Gi alpha concentration was observed, beta subunit concentration increased in parallel with the increase in PTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation of Gi alpha. These results suggest that hGH may modify PTX-stimulated ADP-ribosylation of Gi not by changing Gi alpha concentration, perhaps by increasing beta subunit concentration, enhancing association of Gi alpha by beta gamma subunits, which, in turn, is preferentially ADP-ribosylated. This may represent a late signal transduction event and may also have implications for other effectors dependent on Gi-mediated events.
Characterization of a novel facultative Methylocystis species capable of growth on methane, acetate and ethanol

Summary A non-motile strain of Methylocystis, strain SB2, isolated from a spring bog in southeast Michigan, had a curved rod morphology with a typical type II intracytoplasmic membrane system. This organism expressed the membrane-bound or particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) as well as a chalkophore with high affinity for copper and did not express the cytoplasmic or soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO). Strain SB2 was found to grow within the pH range of 6–9, with optimal growth at 6.8. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging between 10°C and 30°C, with no growth at 37°C. The DNA G+C content was 62.9 mol%. Predominant fatty acids were 18:1ω7c (72.7%) and 18:1ω9c (24%) when grown on methane. Phylogenetic comparisons based on both pmoA and 16S rRNA sequences indicated that this organism belonged to the Methylocystis genus, and was closely related to Methylocystis rosea SV97T and Methylocystis echinoides IMET10491T (98% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to both strains). DNA : DNA hybridizations indicated that strain SB2 had 70% similarity with M. rosea SV97T. Unlike M. rosea SV97T, strain SB2 was able to utilize not only methane for growth, but also ethanol and acetate. Furthermore, the predominant fatty acids in strain SB2 were different from those found in M. rosea SV97T, i.e. 54.2% and 39.7% of fatty acids are 18:1ω8 and 18:1ω7 in M. rosea SV97T, while 18:1ω8 is completely absent in strain SB2.
Caring For Patients From Different Cultures, 4th edition Geri-Ann Galanti

Each of us is unique, but we belong to groups that help define our reactions to various situations, whether they be ethnic, religious, pertaining to a regional culture—whatever. But these affiliati...
TREATMENT OF DELINQUENT YOUTH: The Influence of the Juvenile Probation Offer's Perceptions of Self and Work

This article examines the relative influences of the juvenile probation officer's perceptions of self and work on his or her opinions of delinquency and decisions made about juveniles. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 255 juvenile probation officers. Results indicate that the officer who is treatment-service oriented is less likely to label juvenile acts delinquent than the officer who responds to lawyer role models. Officers who make rehabilitative recommendations are less likely to label acts delinquent than those who do not. The independent variables accounted for a rural of 21.3% of the variance in the dependent variable, the officer's perception of treatment.
The predictive ability of accounting operating cash flows: a moving window spectral analysis

In this paper, evidence is provided on the predictive ability of quarterly operating Cash Flows (CFs). The inability of creditors and investors to anticipate future CFs based on historical CFs, with any degree of accuracy, may suggest that historical forecasting models are underspecified. Indeed, the discontinuities, variability, seasonality and trend in CF data may require additional, and as of yet, undisclosed variables, to enhance the predictability of extant forecasting models. In this study, Moving Window Spectral (MWS) analysis, a frequency domain approach, is applied to accounting time series data for the first time in an effort to assess the predictability of aggregate operating CFs. This method is adopted due to its ability to capture trend and multiple cyclical components in the data. Our results show that CFs can be reliably predicted using aggregate data on a firm-by-firm basis. In addition, our results outperform the results previously reported in the accounting literature. This research provides insight into the properties of accounting time series data not possible from a strictly time domain analysis. The implications of this and other findings for accounting and auditing are discussed.
Revisionist zeal for Restoration science

Science and Society in Restoration England. By Michael Hunter. Pp.233. ISBN hbk 0-521-22866-2; ISBN pbk 0-521-29685-4. (Cambridge University Press: 1981.) Hbk £18.50, $37.50; pbk £5.95, $12.95.
Cultivation of avian rotaviruses in chicken lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Avian rotavirus isolates were used to infect normal chicken spleen cells, lymphoblastoid T cell lines transformed by Marke's disease virus, an avian leukosis virus-transformed B cell line, and a reticuloendotheliosis virus-transformed line, which is a pre-B, pre-T cell line. All five isolates tested were able to infect spleen cells and the three types of lymphoblastoid cell lines, suggesting that avian rotaviruses can infect both B and T cells. Splenic lymphocytes were considerably less susceptible to infection than chick kidney cells. Lymphoblastoid cell lines remained virus-positive during a 10-day culture period. Virus was neutralized by the addition of low dilutions of normal chicken serum and high dilutions of chicken anti-rotavirus serum.
The substitution of bonding for monitoring in venture capitalist relations with high technology enterprises

Abstract This paper presents a theory-based rationale that new venture team managers may utilize to reduce the cost of monitoring their venture. Because monitoring is costly and is eventually charged back to the venture, the present analysis suggests that there is at least one way for managers to protect their equity stake from such assessments. Drawing on concepts from institutional economics, it is shown that the level of monitoring depends upon the level of market and agency risk associated with the investment. However, actions taken by venture managers are shown to substitute for risk-reducing measures that could be taken by venture capitalists, which would otherwise result in the reduction of the equity stake of the managers. Moreover, a willingness by team members to bond themselves to the deal may increase the value of their stake in it, whereas resorting to monitoring can only depreciate the value of their stake.
Possible determination of the deceleration parameter using lunar occultations and laser ranging observations

Using recent determinations of the atomic and tidal lunar acceleration, we propose a model to evaluate q-bar/sub 0/. Our conclusion is that the universe is open for values of H/sub 0/ close to 50 km s/sup -1/ Mpc/sup -1/.
Lines in space-combinators, algorithms and applications

We study combinatorial and algorithmic problems involving arrangements of n lines in 3-dimensional space, and then present applications of our results to a variety of problems on polyhedral terrains. Our main results include: A tight T(n2) bound on the complexity of the space of all lines passing above all the n given lines (their “upper envelope”) and satisfying a certain orientation consistency constraint.A preprocessing procedure using near-quadratic time and storage that builds a structure supporting O(log n) time queries for testing if a line lies above all the given lines.An O(n4/3+e) randomized expected time algorithm, for any fixed e > 0, that tests the “towering property”: do n given red lines lie all above n given blue lines?A preprocessing procedure for a polyhedral terrain S with n edges, that uses near-quadratic time and storage and builds a structure supporting O(log2n) time rayshooting queries for computing the first intersection of an arbitrary query ray with S.Finding the smallest vertical distance between two disjoint polyhedral terrains with a total of n edges, in time O(n4/3+e), for any e > 0.Computing the upper envelope (pointwise maximum) of two polyhedral terrains with a total of n edges, in time O(n1.5+e + klog2n), for any e > 0, where k is the size of the output envelope.The tools used to obtain these results include Plucker coordinates for lines in space, random sampling in geometric problems, and a new variant of segment trees.
MPC Based Integrated Chassis Control to Enhance Vehicle Handling Considering Roll Stability

An integrated vehicle chassis control system was developed to improve vehicle handling (yaw) responses while maintain vehicle roll stability using an 8 DOF vehicle model, a simplified tire model, and a model predictive control method. The proposed control system incorporates active wheel torque distribution, active front steering, and active anti-rollbar to enhance vehicle handling and its ability to track the desired trajectory when the risk of vehicle rollover is low. As vehicle rollover risks increase, the proposed control system shifts its control focus from only handling enhancement to vehicle roll stabilization by adjusting the gains in the controller. The simulation results show that the proposed control system can improve vehicle handling responses while ensuring vehicle roll stability at high speed vehicle maneuvers.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A Curriculum to Enhance Environmental Literacy

Environmental literacy is an important part of undergraduate education. Such literacy is optimally gained with an approach that weaves together the necessary disciplinary knowledge within a problem-based context. This paper describes the result of efforts over a decade developing and teaching an environmental literacy course at the undergraduate level. The objective of the course is to enable students to make informed decisions in the context of environmental issues. In this paper, we describe the theoretical underpinnings of the course, provide a course description, and discuss a recent assessment of the effectiveness of the course in promoting environmental literacy. The material is currently being organized as a web-based text.
Angiogenic and astroglial responses to vascular endothelial growth factor administration in adult rat brain.

The effects of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on angiogenesis, blood–brain barrier permeability and astroglial proliferation in the adult rat CNS in situ were investigated. Recombinant human VEGF165 (25 or 50 ng/ml) was delivered for up to 1 week using either intracerebral osmotic minipumps or less traumatic subdural gelatin sponge placement. By 3 days, VEGF delivery caused significantly increased cerebral angiogenesis (25 ng/ml was most effective) in both experimental models when compared to saline controls; VEGF infusion resulted in a 100% increase in an index of vascular proliferation, and gelatin sponge delivery produced a 65% increase. The blood–brain barrier hallmark endothelial glucose transporter-1 was not present in nascent vascular sprouts. Infusion of VEGF produced extensive protein leakage that persisted after saline-induced permeability was mostly resolved, while gelatin sponge administration caused milder barrier dysfunction. Administration of the angiogenic factor had unexpected proliferative effects on astroglia in both models, resulting in an 80–85% increase in mitotically active astroglia when compared to controls. Immunohistochemical results and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the VEGF receptors flk-1 and flt-1 were up-regulated in response to the infusion trauma; flt-1 was localized to reactive astroglia, while flk-1 was expressed in vascular endothelium but predominantly in neuronal somata and processes adjacent to the delivery site. mRNA for the VEGF121, VEGF165 and VEGF188 isoforms was also increased after delivery of the recombinant protein. These data show that VEGF application has substantial proliferative effects on CNS endothelium and astroglia and causes up-regulation of its own message. Flt-1 and flk-1 receptor mRNAs and proteins are up-regulated in both vascular and non-vascular cell types following infusion trauma. From these results we suggest that administered VEGF has heretofore unanticipated pleiotrophic effects in the adult CNS.
A second order coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method for computing growth and collapse of vapor bubbles

We present a coupled level set/volume-of-fluid method for computing growth and collapse of vapor bubbles. The liquid is assumed incompressible and the vapor is assumed to have constant pressure in space. Second order algorithms are used for finding "mass conserving" extension velocities, for discretizing the local interfacial curvature and also for the discretization of the cell-centered projection step. Convergence studies are given that demonstrate this second order accuracy. Examples are provided that apply to cavitating bubbles.
Single-pixel, MEMS scanning mirror camera

In this summary we describe and demonstrate a “single-pixel camera,” where a single photodiode, imaging lens, and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) bi-axial scanning mirror are used to create a passive imaging system that collects environmental light in a scanned-detection scheme. The image is reconstructed from the photodiode signal by assuming a repeatable mirror tilt-position in time. The single-pixel camera described possesses great flexibility, in that the photodiode could easily be swapped for one, or more, detectors, enabling imaging in other spectral ranges.
CHAPTER 14 – Menopausal Hot Flashes

Hot flashes are the most common symptom associated with menopause, although prevalence estimates are lower in some rural and non-Western areas. The symptoms are characteristic of a heat-dissipation response and consist of sweating on the face, neck, and chest, as well as peripheral vasodilation. Although hot flashes clearly accompany the estrogen withdrawal at menopause, estrogen alone is not responsible because levels do not differ in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Until recently it was thought that hot flashes were triggered by a sudden, downward resetting of the hypothalamic setpoint, because there was no evidence of increased core body temperature. It has been found that the thermoneutral zone, within which sweating, peripheral vasodilation, and shivering do not occur, is virtually nonexistent in symptomatic women but is normal (about 0.4°C) in asymptomatic women. It is believed that small temperature elevations preceding hot flashes acting within a reduced thermoneutral zone constitute the triggering mechanism.
Evolution of the sidebranch structure in free dendritic growth

Abstract The sidebranching behavior in free dendritic growth into a supercooled melt is investigated through a detailed measurement of the sidebranch structure of succinonitrile (SCN) dendrites using images from the microgravity experiment of Glicksman and co-workers. The measurements show that the sidebranching evolution is divided into two regimes: an initial linear regime and a subsequent non-linear coarsening regime. A simple model, based on the Mullins–Sekerka linear stability theory, is developed to describe the initial sidebranching behavior. The excellent agreement of the model prediction with the experimental results indicates that the initial sidebranch spacings are selected by the maximum instability wavelength. In the non-linear regime, two new geometrical parameters, derived from the measurements, are proposed to characterize the coarsening process of the sidebranches and to compare the measurements with available coarsening theories. It is found that coarsening at the sidebranch roots follows closely classical laws for purely capillary-driven isothermal coarsening, but the overall coarsening process of the entire sidebranching dendrite cannot be explained by these isothermal coarsening theories.