cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Patient Selection for Stereotactic Radiosurgery as the Initial Radiation Therapy Approach for Brain Metastases

linear quadratic model is known to be inaccurate at high fractional doses, the clinical outcomes reported supports the dose schedules employed. Necrosis rates were lower with F-SRS but not statistically different. Further investigation of F-SRS as a method for improving the therapeutic ratio for large tumors or those located near eloquent regions is warranted. Author Disclosure: G. Savir: None. D.K. Ebner: None. J. Chan: None. P. Rava: None. D. Cielo: None. T. Kinsella: None. T.A. DiPetrillo: None. D. Wazer: None. J.T. Hepel: None.
A characterization of square banach spaces

Square Banach spaces are characterized among real Banach spaces in terms of the Alfsen-Effros structure topology on the extreme points of the dual ball. As a corollary, one has that the class of separable square spaces coincides with the class of separableG-spaces. It is also shown that for aG-space (hence for a square space) regularity of the quotient structure topology is equivalent to complete regularity, and that square spaces exist for which this topology is not regular.
Firm misconduct and rehab: Effects of corporate reintegration initiatives on sanction severity

The study examines a process model of how firms regain legitimacy after allegations of organizational misconduct. The sample is 75 public firms that were sanctioned for paying bribes under the Fore...
Spatial Flows and Competing Central Places: Towards a General Theory of Hierarchical Interaction

This paper presents a variation of Fotheringham's competing destinations model using categorized information on spatial flows in a central place system. A competing central place model is developed using spatially defined choice sets for origin — destination pairs by threshold distance and central place order. The competing central place generalization is empirically tested by undertaking a comparative analysis of 1980 domestic airline passenger traffic amongst selected cities in the continental United States. A host of modeling strategies are contrasted and the effects of mass, separation, and competitive forces noted in the presence or absence of hierarchical data. The production-constrained competing central place specification is shown to exhibit not only greater explanatory power than Fotheringham's competing destinations model, but also significant reductions in potential multicollinear relations between regressors. The model is later extended to incorporate an intervening opportunities filter. Comp...
The Orderly Control of Multiple Interrupted Sutures: A New Instrument

Abstract A new instrument for controlling multiple interrupted sutures in an orderly fashion is described. It is particularly suited to the insertion of prosthetic heart valves but is useful also for any operation such as bowel or vascular anastomoses where the surgeon may favor the use of multiple interrupted sutures. In our hands, this instrument has had the virtue of not only reducing the number of motions necessary, but also of being virtually fool-proof, thereby avoiding wasted time.
Synthesis and application of poly(phenylene ethynylene)s for bioconjugation : a conjugated polymer-based fluorogenic probe for proteases

A set of carboxylate-functionalized poly(phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) has been synthesized in which the carboxylic acid groups are separated from the polymer backbone by oligo(ethylene glycol) spacer units. These polymers are soluble in water and organic solvents and have photophysical properties that are sensitive to solvent conditions, with high salt content and the absence of surfactant promoting the formation of aggregates of relatively low quantum yield and long fluorescence lifetime. Quenching of these materials by the dinitrophenyl (DNP) chromophore (K(SV) approximately 10(4)) is also highly solvent-dependent. The presence of carboxylate groups far from the polymer backbone appended to each repeating unit allows for the postpolymerization modification of these PPEs with peptides by methods analogous to those described for carboxylate-functionalized small-molecule dyes. Covalent attachment of the fluorescence-quenching 14-mer Lys(DNP)-GPLGMRGLGGGGK to the PPE results in a nonemissive substrate whose fluorescence is restored upon treatment with trypsin. The rate of fluorescence turn-on in this case is increased 3-fold by the presence of surfactant, though the actual rate of peptide hydrolysis remains the same. A small-molecule mimic of the polymer-peptide system shows a smaller fluorescence enhancement upon treatment with trypsin, illustrating the value of polymer-based amplification in this sensory scheme.
Template Synthesis of Nano Test Tubes

We have been investigating potential biomedical and biotechnological applications of template-synthesized nanotubes. One application we envision for these nanotubes is as vehicles for delivery of drugs, DNA, proteins or other biomolecules. The nanotubes that we have prepared previously have been open on both ends − like pipes. For the biomolecule deliver application, it would be best to have nanotubes that are closed on one end and open on the other − nano test tubes. This test tube geometry would allow for convenient filling of the nanotube with the biomolecule of interest, and by applying a cap to the open end, the biomolecule could be kept “bottled-up” inside until it is ready to be delivered. We describe here a simple modification of the template-synthesis method that allows for the preparation of nano test tubes. Prototype silica nano test tubes are described here. We show that the outside diameter of these test tubes is determined by the pore diameter in the template membrane used and that the lengt...
Efficient organization and access of multi-dimensional datasets on tertiary storage systems

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of urgently needed data management techniques for efficiently retrieving requested subsets of large datasets from mass storage devices. This problem is especially critical for scientific investigators who need ready access to the large volume of data generated by large-scale supercomputer simulations and physical experiments as well as the automated collection of observations by monitoring devices and satellites. This problem also negates the benefits of fast networks, because the time to access a subset from a large dataset stored on a mass storage system is much greater than the time to transmit that subset over a fast network. This paper focuses on very large spatial and temporal datasets generated by simulation of climate models, but the techniques described here are applicable to any large multidimensional grid data. The main requirement is to efficiently access relevant information contained within much larger datasets for analysis and interactive visualization. Although these problems are now becoming more widely recognized, the problem persists because the access speed of robotic storage devices continues to be the bottleneck. To address this problem, we have developed algorithms for partitioning the original datasets into “clusters” based on analysis of data access patterns and storage device characteristics. Further, we have designed enhancements to current storage server protocols to permit control over physical placement of data on storage devices. We describe in this paper the approach we have taken, the partitioning algorithms, and simulation and experimental results that show 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in access improvements for predicted query types. We further describe the design and implementation of improvements to a specific storage management system, UniTree, which are necessary to support the enhanced protocols. In addition, we describe the development of a partitioning workbench to help scientists select the preferred solutions.
Limit-point instability of a magnetoelastic membrane in a stationary magnetic field

In a previous study (Barham et al 2007 Acta Mech. 191 1–19), the finite deformation of a circular magnetoelastic membrane in an axisymmetric dipole field was calculated by specializing the equations of three-dimensional magnetoelastic equilibrium. The predicted response was found to be similar to the classical limit-point instability occurring in analogous purely mechanical problems. A limit-point instability occurs under conditions corresponding to the incipient non-existence of equilibria. Under such conditions the body is necessarily on the verge of a dynamical state. In the present setting, this corresponds to the occurrence of a maximum in the equilibrium deflection of the membrane with respect to applied field strength and proximity of the field source. The earlier conjecture of a limit-point instability, advanced in Barham et al (2007 Acta Mech. 191 1–19), is confirmed in the present work by using a variational method based on an adaptation of the energy criterion of elastic stability to the magnetoelastic setting.
A multistage volumetric bar chart chip for visualized quantification of DNA

Nucleic acid detection is critical in disease diagnosis as well as in the environmental assays of harmful bacteria or viruses and forensic applications. Current methods for visualized quantification of DNA require costly and sophisticated instruments. Here, we report a multistage propelled volumetric bar chart chip (MV-Chip) for multiplexing and quantitative detection of DNA. Because of its "rocket-like" propelling reaction, the predeposited platinum films could perform cascade amplification and detect as low as 20 pM DNA targets after three stages of platinum-catalyzed propulsion. The resulting ink bar charts can be directly read out by the naked eye, and the signal shows little interference from serum. Single-nucleotide polymorphism and multiplex DNA detection were carried out to demonstrate this powerful application.
Aortic reservoir function, estimated myocardial demand and coronary perfusion pressure following steady-state and interval exercise.

Summary Aortic reservoir function is a measure of the aorta's ability to distribute blood during diastole, attenuating the pulsatility of blood flow, and is important in balancing cardiac flow. Effects of acute high versus moderate exercise intensity on reservoir function and cardiac energetics is unknown. Eighteen athletes completed a interval (INT) and steady-state (SS) cycling bout at 60% of VO2 peak. Reservoir function was calculated as the ratio of diastolic run-off to stroke volume and expressed as a percentage. Coronary perfusion pressure was derived from tissue Doppler imaging and echocardiography. Systolic tension–time integral (TTI) from the aortic pressure waveform served as a measure of myocardial oxygen consumption. All measures were made at rest, 30-min postexercise and 60-min postexercise. Average reservoir function before SS was 76%, which was reduced to 62% 30-min post-SS and 67% 60-min post-SS (P 0.05). We conclude that reservoir function is attenuated following acute SS and INT, but these reductions were greater post-INT, suggesting that exercise intensity affects reservoir function. Reduction of reservoir function following exercise is related to TTI, a reflection of myocardial oxygen consumption but apparently not associated with coronary perfusion pressure.
Flux-limiting in three-dimensional stochastic radiative transfer.

Abstract We report the development of a flux-limiting algorithm for radiative transfer in a Markovian mixture consisting of two immiscible materials. The underlying stochastic transport description consists of two coupled equations of radiative transfer for the ensemble-averaged specific intensity of radiation. This transport description, while exact only in the absence of scattering, has been demonstrated to be a robust and accurate model in the presence of scattering. The flux-limited diffusion description developed here is applicable to general three-dimensional geometry, in contrast to an earlier effort where algebraic difficulties prohibited explicit results except in a one-dimensional setting.
Fisheries privatization, social transitions, and well-being in Kodiak, Alaska

Abstract Scholars and fishermen alike view the privatization of fishing rights as a fundamental driver of social change in fishing communities. This article presents the results of a mixed-methods ethnographic study in Kodiak, Alaska, exploring how fisheries privatization processes remake fishery systems. Findings from this study suggest that a diverse range of fishery participants share core values about the social dimensions of fishery systems. Support or opposition to past privatization processes tended to be articulated in reference to how these core values (e.g., hard work, opportunity, and fairness) were perceived to have been strengthened or eroded by such processes. Data from this study suggest that while still widespread in the Kodiak fishing community, core social values in fishing may be changing as a result of privatization processes. Although ethnographic and survey data showed a range of perspectives on the effects of privatization on fishing and the Kodiak community, study participants tended to talk about privatization as a significant change that had divisive, negative impacts in the community. Crew members and the next generation of fishermen were identified as disproportionately affected by privatization processes. Ethnographic data detail important shifts in the power, status, and livelihoods of crew members. Nearly all Kodiak fishery participants interviewed expressed concern about the future of fisheries access in the community for the next generation, in large part because of the substantial financial barriers to entry generated by privatization of fisheries access. Many discussed the need for more entry-level opportunities necessary for access in all fisheries.
Hyperbolic discounting and time inconsistency in a native–exotic species conflict

Abstract Hyperbolic discounting exists when a person’s marginal rates of time preference decrease as the benefits received move farther and farther into the future. This paper explores whether applying hyperbolic discounting rather than the standard presumption of constant discounting matters for a natural resource policy question. We find that hyperbolic discounting does matter—based on actual time preferences observed in laboratory experiments, the results now justify the policy to protect native cutthroat trout from exotic lake trout in Yellowstone Lake. We find, however, that hyperbolic discounting matters in exactly the same conditions under which the policy decisions are time-inconsistent.
Lithium Deposition on Polycrystalline Silver: A Comparison Between Electrochemical and Gas‐Phase Environments

The electrochemical properties of clean and oxygen-contaminated polycrystalline Ag surfaces have been examined in LiClO{sub 4}/polyethylene oxide solutions in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environments at temperatures in the range 323--333 K. Unlike the behavior observed for Au and Ni under the same experimental conditions, no clearly defined voltammetric peaks were found during the first and subsequent cycles in the range 2.20-0.25 V vs. Li/Li{sup +} initiated at the open-circuit potential, 1.75 V vs. Li/Li{sup +}. Instead, the scans in the negative direction were characterized by two adjoining regions in which the current increased linearly with potential, albeit at different rates, and the subsequent scans in the positive direction yielded comparatively much smaller currents largely independent of the applied potential. Integration of the voltammetric curves over the potential range 0.25 < E < 2.20 V vs. Li/Li{sup +} revealed a pronounced imbalance between the charges obtained in the scans in the negative (Q{sub {minus}}) and positive (Q{sub +}) directions. This phenomenon was attributed, by and large, to the high rates of Li dissolution into Ag at these temperatures, consistent with the presence of a low-temperature eutectic in the Li-Ag phase diagram. Additional support for this view was obtained from UHV nonelectrochemical measurementsmore » involving vapor-deposited Li onto Ag, for which the amount of Li on the surface, as monitored by Auger electron spectroscopy, decreased markedly upon increasing the temperature from ca. 300 to 350 K. The voltammetry of oxygen-contaminated Ag surfaces was characterized by a well-defined peak in the scan in the positive direction centered at ca. 1.3 V, which persisted upon continuous cycling. Although the process responsible for this feature has not yet been identified, it provides a marker for detecting oxygen impurities on Ag in this electrolyte.« less
Alumina Over-coating on Pd Nanoparticle Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition: Enhanced Stability and Reactivity

ALD Alumina was utilized as a protective layer to inhibit the sintering of supported nano-sized ALD Pd catalysts in the methanol decomposition reaction carried out at elevated temperatures. The protective ALD alumina layers were synthesized on Pd nanoparticles (1-2 nm) supported on high surface area alumina substrates. Up to a certain over-coat thickness, the alumina protective layers preserved or even slightly enhanced the catalytic activity and prevented sintering of the Pd nanoparticles up to 500 C.
Coupled Thermal Analysis Method with Application to Metallic Thermal Protection Panels

Metallic thermal protection systems are being considered for next-generation reusable launch vehicles. Experiments and numerical simulations show that heated metallic panels expand from the structure to create a quilt-like flow surface that alters the expected surface heating distribution. To model the thermal response of a metallic panel, this paper presents a two-dimensional boundary element procedure that is loosely coupled to a hypersonic computational fluid dynamics algorithm to solve coupled steady-state and transient heat conduction. First, the flowfield and internal temperature distribution of ceramic wing leading edge in a Mach 15 freestream is computed. Steady-state results are consistent with previous finite difference and finite element calculations. Transient computations show the peak temperature to occur at steady-state conditions. Second, the flowfield and resulting transient heat transfer is computed for convex and concave metallic panels. It is demonstrated that a transient conduction solution for a deformed metallic panel can be approximated by imposing the heat fluxes generated from a deformed surface flow solution onto an undeformed panel.
The Public Returns to Public Educational Investments in African-American Males.

Abstract This paper calculates the public savings (financial benefits) from greater public investments in the education of African-American males. Over one-fifth of each age cohort of black males in US is not a high school graduate. We identify five interventions that would—based on credible research—increase the graduation rate; we also report the public cost of each intervention. We then calculate the lifetime public benefits in terms of increased tax revenues and lower spending on health and crime. In present values, for a black male aged 20, these public benefits amount to $256,700 per new graduate and the median intervention would cost only $90,700. The benefit/cost ratio is 2.83. Simply equating the high school graduation rate of black males with that of white males would yield public savings of $3.98 billion for each age cohort. These results suggest that increased investments in education for black males at risk of dropping out of high school should be an economic priority.
Displacement/Screw Cutout After Open Reduction and Locked Plate Fixation of Humeral Fractures

Background: Fixation of proximal humeral fractures is challenging. Locking plate technology offers mechanical advantages for treating unstable fractures in weak bone. In this study, we assessed the radiographic and clinical results of a single surgeon's experience treating proximal humeral fractures with a locked proximal humeral plate. Methods: Fifty-three adult patients with a displaced proximal humeral fracture were treated with a proximal humeral locking plate over a forty-five-month period. A standard postoperative rehabilitation regimen was followed. Radiographs were made at two weeks, six weeks, three months, six months, and one year and were examined for fracture alignment, fracture displacement, hardware position, and healing. Postoperative outcomes were collected with questionnaires. Results: Fifty-two (98%) of the fifty-three fractures healed by six months. Nineteen patients (36%) had radiographic signs of a complication, including screw cutout with intra-articular displacement in twelve (23%), substantial (>10°) varus displacement in thirteen (25%), and osteonecrosis in two (4%). These radiographic signs of a complication occurred in twelve (57%) of twenty-one patients older than sixty years of age and in seven (22%) of thirty-two patients under sixty years of age (p = 0.0015). Screw cutout occurred in nine (43%) of the twenty-one patients older than sixty years. Patients with a complication had worse functional outcomes as measured with the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (p < 0.05) and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (p < 0.001) questionnaires. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between fracture type and complications. Revision surgery was performed in seven (13%) of the fifty-three patients. There were no cases of infection, nerve injury, or hardware failure. Conclusions: The use of locking plates in the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures is associated with an unexpectedly high rate of screw cutout and revision surgery, especially in patients older than sixty years who have a three or four-part fracture. The indications for open reduction and internal fixation in these patients require continued analysis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hypertrophy and increased gene expression of neurons containing neurokinin-B and substance-P messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalami of postmenopausal women.

We have previously described hypertrophy of neurons containing estrogen receptor mRNA in the infundibular nucleus of postmenopausal women. In the present investigation we identified peptide mRNAs in the hypertrophied neurons and determined whether postmenopausal neuronal hypertrophy was accompanied by changes in gene expression. In the first study in situ hybridization was performed on sections from hypothalami of postmenopausal women (n = 3) using synthetic 35Slabeled cDNA probes complementary to mRNAs encoding estrogen receptor, substance-P (SP), neurokinin-B (NKB), POMC, cholecystokinin, dynorphin, CRF, enkephalin, galanin, neuropeptide-Y, GH-releasing hormone, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Neuronal cross-sectional areas and cell densities were measured with the aid of a computer microscope system. Neurons labeled with the NKB and SP probes were comparable in size, morphology, and distribution to the hypertrophied neurons containing estrogen receptor mRNA. In contrast, neurons labeled with other cDNA probe...
Implications of Political Expertise in Candidate Trait Evaluations

Candidate trait images have an important impact on global judgment. The present study addresses (1) which traits matter in candidate evaluations and (2) political expertise differences in trait-based evaluations. An unweighted version of the on-line processing model would suggest that all traits impact the running tally in equal measure. Others have argued that some traits (in particular, more task-relevant traits) should matter more than others from a normative perspective. Furthermore, some past research has suggested that all individuals use traits in the same manner on the grounds that trait judgments of others are common in everyday experience. Greater cognitive complexity among political experts, however, would suggest that experts should be more likely to differentiate between traits in judgment. The present study uses an experimental design to manipulate candidate trait images on two dimensions: competence and warmth. Results show that candidate competence is preferred over warmth, although this preference is only evident among political experts. The pattern of results suggests that political experts make more distinctions between trait content dimensions, consistent with a greater cognitive complexity among experts. These results provide direct evidence that citizens distinguish among candidate trait qualities and tend to evaluate competence more favorably than warmth.
Bombardment-induced segregation and redistribution

During ion bombardment, a number of processes can alter the compositional distribution and microstructure in near-surface regions of alloys. The relative importance of each process depends principally on the target composition, temperature, and ion characteristics. In addition to displacement mixing leading to a randomization of atomic locations, and preferential loss of alloying elements by sputtering, which are dominant at relatively low temperatures, several thermally-activated processes, including radiation-enhanced diffusion, radiation-induced segregation and Gibbsian adsorption, also play important roles. At elevated temperatures, nonequilibrium point defects induced by ion impacts become mobile and tend to anneal out by recombination and diffusion to extended sinks, such as dislocations, grain boundaries and free surfaces. The high defect concentrations, far exceeding the thermodynamic equilibrium values, can enhance diffusion-controlled processes, while persistent defect fluxes, originating from the spatial non-uniformity in defect production and annihilation, give rise to local redistribution of alloy constituents because of radiation-induced segregation. Moreover, when the alloy is maintained at high temperature, Gibbsian adsorption, driven by the reduction in free energy of the system, occurs even without irradiation; it involves a compositional perturbation in a few atom layers near the alloy surface. The combination of these processes leads to the complex development of a compositionally-modified layer in the subsurface region. Considerable progress has been made recently in identifying and understanding the relative contributions from the individual processes under various irradiation conditions. In the present paper, selected examples of these different phenomena and their synergistic effects on the evolution of the near-surface compositions of alloys during sputtering and ion implantation at elevated temperatures are discussed.
Social demand for consistency and congruence between self-efficacy and performance.

The present study tested the hypothesis that implied social demand increases congruence between self-efficacy judgments and performance. Snake phobics made self-efficacy judgments before and after participant modeling treatment under conditions of either low or high evaluative surveillance. Variations in social demand had no significant effects on avoidance behavior, self-efficacy judgments, or on reported fear arousal. Contrary to prediction, high social demand reduced the congruence between perceived self-efficacy and performance by prompting excessive conservatism in self-appraisal. Variations in social demand had no effect on congruence after a brief treatment experience. High social demand may encourage conservatism in self-appraisal only when ambiguity exists about the precise nature of the threat and the tasks to be performed.
The association between elevated ankle systolic pressures and peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.

Objective The presence of a high ankle-brachial index (ABI) is related to stiff ankle arteries due to medial calcification. Recently, this condition has attracted new interest after reports of a worse cardiovascular prognosis, similar to a low ABI. We sought to compare risk factors contributing to a low (≤0.90) and high (≥1.40) ABI. Additionally, we hypothesized that in instances of high ABI, occlusive PAD may coexist. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at vascular laboratories in a university medical center. The subjects were 510 ambulatory patients (37% had diabetes) previously examined at our vascular laboratories and who responded positively to our invitation. We collected data on smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease history. The noninvasive assessment of lower limb arteries consisted of the measurement of ABI, toe-brachial index (TBI), and posterior tibial artery peak flow velocity (Pk-PT). A TBI >0.7 and a Pk-PT >10 cm/s were considered normal. Results High- and low-ABI were detected, respectively, in 2.1% and 57.8% of limbs. For a low ABI, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.29/10 y), pack-years (OR, 1.08/10 units), and hypertension (OR, 1.90) were independent significant ( P P Conclusions Diabetes is the dominant risk factor for a high (≥1.40) ABI. Occlusive PAD is highly prevalent in subjects with high ABI, and these subjects should be considered as PAD-equivalent.
Predicted and observed cooling tower plume rise and visible plume length at the John E. Amos power plant

Abstract A one-dimensional numerical cloud growth model and several empirical models for plume rise and cloud growth are compared with twenty seven sets of observations of cooling tower plumes from the 2900 MW John E. Amos power plant in West Virginia. The three natural draft cooling towers are 200m apart. In a cross wind, the plumes begin to merge at a distance of about 500m downwind. In calm conditions, with reduced entrainment, the plumes often do not merge until heights of 1000m. The average plume rise, 750m, is predicted well by the models, but day-to-day variations are simulated with a correlation coefficient of about 0.5. Model predictions of visible plume length agree, on the average, with observations for visible plumes of short to moderate length (less than about 1 km). The prediction of longer plumes is hampered by our lack of knowledge of plume spreading after the plumes level off. Cloud water concentrations predicted by the numerical model agree with those measured in natural cumulus clouds (about 0.1–1 g kg−1).
Natural frequencies of shear deformable rhombic plates with clamped and simply supported edges

Abstract The natural vibrations of thick and thin rhombic plates with clamped and simply supported edges are analyzed, using assemblages of nine-node Lagrangian isoparametric quadrilateral C0 continuous finite elements based on a higher-order shear deformable thick plate theory. Here, additional nodal displacement degrees of freedom are derived by retaining higher-order powers of the thickness coordinate in the in-plane displacement fields, which in turn allows for the proper representation of the transverse shear strains of thick plates. Essential rotary inertia terms are derived and included in the present analysis. Nondimensional frequencies are calculated for thick and thin rhombic plates having various combinations of clamped and simply supported edge conditions, and skew angles. The efficacy of using higher-order shear deformable plate finite elements for predicting the in-plane vibration modes of rhombic plates is found to increase as the span-to-thickness ratio decreases and the skew angle increases. The present work shows that higher-order shear deformable finite elements essentially eliminate the transverse shear over-correction of thick rhombic plate frequencies that is produced when finite elements based on the widely used first-order Reissner-Mindlin plate theory are utilized.
Lipid synthesis and RNA thermolability in the Trichoplusia ni cell line

Abstract The 26S ribosomal (r)RNA of Trichoplusia ni cell cultures is dissociable when heated briefly and the products of this dissociation sediment in sucrose gradients to the region occupied by small species of rRNA. Others have shown this to be a distinguishing characteristic of insect rRNA. In contradistinction, L-cell mouse fibroblast rRNA is not thermolabile. The T. ni cell line is unable to synthesize sterols from [14C]acetate although this fast growing culture could efficiently synthesize other lipids (e.g. phospholipids) from acetate. The major phospholipids detected are phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline.
Leptin and Hypertension in Obesity

Leptin, a peptide discovered more than 10 years ago, decreases food intake and increases sympathetic nerve activity to both thermogenic and non-thermogenic tissue. Leptin was initially believed to be an anti-obesity hormone, owing to its metabolic effects. However, obese individuals, for unknown reasons, become resistant to the satiety and weight-reducing effect of the hormone, but preserve leptin-mediated sympathetic activation to non-thermogenic tissue such as kidney, heart, and adrenal glands. Leptin has been shown to influence nitric oxide production and natriuresis, and along with chronic sympathetic activation, especially to the kidney, it may lead to sodium retention, systemic vasoconstriction, and blood pressure elevation. Consequently, leptin is currently considered to play an important role in the development of hypertension in obesity.
Changing practice to reduce the use of urinary catheters.

Using indwelling urinary catheters can result in mechanical trauma, loss of bladder and urethral sphincter tone, and urinary tract infections (UTls). 1-6 UTIs are the most common healthcare-associated infections in hospitals; 80% of them are CAUTIs. 1 The longer a urinary catheter is in use, the higher the risk of infection. 1,5 Over the long term, urinary catheters can indirectly decrease a patient's mobility, putting the patient at higher risk for pressure ulcers and deep vein thrombosis. 1,7 Many major insurance carriers and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) are recognizing that the use of unnecessary urinary catheters results in poor outcomes, higher costs, and higher length of stay. CMS will no longer reimburse hospitals for additional expenses due to hospital-acquired CAUTI.
A review of low cost underwater acoustic remote sensing for large freshwater systems

In recent years, low cost and highly accurate underwater remote sensing instruments and technologies have advanced at an astonishing rate. Intense competition among manufacturers, coupled with advances in digital signal processing has brought about these breakthroughs, all to the benefit of the scientific community. Commercial Off the Shelf Technology (COST) is now available and incorporated into current acoustic sensors, with quality and resolution that was previously reserved for only large-scale ocean exploration. The corollary to this observation is that the entire field of acoustic remote sensing of the aquatic environment is rapidly evolving and is likely to continue to do so over the next decade. Acoustic bottom mapping, Doppler sensing and remote and autonomous vehicle imaging systems are now becoming commonplace for large lake science and are approaching maturity. Given this evolution, this summary reviews two major categories of underwater, acoustic remote sensing technologies; bottom mapping systems and Doppler sensing systems. Bottom mapping systems are primarily used to determine the presence of the bottom, map its features and classify its composition. Doppler systems make use of target motion to deduce the velocity of the target, in up to three spatial dimensions. For each category of acoustic remote sensing a brief description of the theory of operation is provided, followed by examples of the types of data produced by the technology. When possible, estimates of range and accuracy of typical units in each class is provided. Finally, examples of new utilizations of combined remote sensing technologies are discussed.
Larger Correlations Obtained by Using Average Rather than “Best” Strength Scores

(1963). Larger Correlations Obtained by Using Average Rather than “Best” Strength Scores. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 248-249.
Explorations of Depression: Poetry and Narrative in Autoethnographic Qualitative Research

This article explores the uses of poetry in qualitative research. In this study of the first author’s lived experience with non-clinical depression and the second author’s experience of living with...
Some Notes on the Effect of Heat on Members of the Colon Typhoid Group in Milk

Summary The results of these experiments indicate that the members of the colon-typhoid group in milk in the numbers to which they would occur are destroyed by heating for thirty minutes at 60°C.
Throughput vs. Distance Tradeoffs and Deployment Considerations for a Multi-Hop IEEE 802.16e Railroad Test Bed

Throughput vs. distance analysis and coverage requirements are critical issues in planning wireless network deployments. With the recent availability of IEEE 802.16e and its promise of larger coverage areas for high-speed data communication, evaluating it in a real-world environment is very important to us in our ongoing study of standards based wireless technologies for the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). In this paper, we present results obtained with our IEEE 802.16e module for NS-2, particularly throughput vs. distance performance, and its consideration for designing a real-world multi-hop IEEE 802.16e testbed. Firstly, a quantitative analysis of throughput vs. distance performance is conducted via extensive simulation, and the optimal modulation and coding scheme as well as channel bandwidth profiles are identified for specific distances. Secondly, we present a real-world multi-hop IEEE 802.16e testbed design intended for installation along BNSF Railway track in Nebraska. We apply our findings towards selecting various base station deployment locations and their appropriate communications parameters in order achieve best possible multi-hop throughput performance. We also provide a client access coverage analysis for the various locations.
Eukaryotic Fatty Acylation Drives Plasma Membrane Targeting and Enhances Function of Several Type III Effector Proteins from Pseudomonas syringae

Bacterial pathogens of plants and animals utilize conserved type III delivery systems to traffic effector proteins into host cells. Plant innate immune systems evolved disease resistance (R) genes to recognize some type III effectors, termed avirulence (Avr) proteins. On disease-susceptible (r) plants, Avr proteins can contribute to pathogen virulence. We demonstrate that several type III effectors from Pseudomonas syringae are targeted to the host plasma membrane and that efficient membrane association enhances function. Efficient localization of three Avr proteins requires consensus myristoylation sites, and Avr proteins can be myristoylated inside the host cell. These prokaryotic type III effectors thus utilize a eukaryote-specific posttranslational modification to access the subcellular compartment where they function.
X-ray fluorescence survey of tikal ceramics

Abstract X-ray fluorescence measurements of Ca, Fe, Rb, Sr, Y and Zr were made on 362 ceramic sherds excavated from the lowland Maya centre at Tikal, Guatemala. Twelve sample categories include unslipped, polychrome and red slipped ceramics from three cultural periods, the Manik, Imix and Eznab. Also represented are Manik black, Ik polychrome and Imix Tinaja pink. Results of analyses show two prevalent paste compositions, a calcite-tempered type characteristic of unslipped ceramics and a calcium- poor, rubidium-rich type typical of Late Classic slipped wares. Within these broad types, we observe strong overlap in the compositional data among the different ceramic categories. However, despite the similarities, there are measurable differences in the scatter (or variabilities) of these data and in their degrees of overlap. In general, the variabilities observed in the ceramic composition correlate with the population of the site and the expected number of production centres.
Modeling behavioral patterns of concurrent software architectures using Petri nets

To address behavioral modeling issues specific to concurrent software architectures, this paper outlines an approach for systematically modeling behavioral patterns found in concurrent software designs by applying colored Petri net (CPN) templates with UML artifacts. In this approach, CPNs are used as an underlying representation of the dynamic object-oriented architecture. These CPNs are then used to provide a simulated functional flow of the architecture and to analyze the concurrent behavior. By applying the results from the CPN analysis to the original UML model, an engineer can enhance the quality of the design and thereby gain additional insight to the behavioral properties of the software design prior to implementation.
On the role and effectiveness of pop quizzes in CS1

In this paper, we explore the potential important role that unannounced (or "pop") quizzes can play in CS-1. "Pop" quizzes generate continual feedback to both the student and the instructor of the course. They also encourage students to avoid missing class unless necessary. We present the results of a three year study on the effectiveness of "pop" quizzes in CS-1. Our results demonstrate that students who experience "pop" quizzes in CS-1 score higher on exams than do their counterparts who did not experience "pop" quizzes. This appears especially true for upperclassmen, particularly for juniors. The use of "pop" quizzes in CS-1 also improves performance on programming assignments for juniors. CS/IS majors and Math majors both receive a greater benefit from "pop" quizzes than do other non-majors.
Frequency shifts observed in the Alouette II cyclotron harmonic plasma resonances

The cyclotron harmonic plasma resonances observed by Alouette II were investigated using a technique that yielded frequency measurements with an accuracy of the order of 1 kHz. The resonances observed near f H and 2f H experience frequency shifts of the order of +2 percent and +0.5 percent, respectively, when f N /f H ≈3 where f N is the electron plasma frequency and f H is the electron cyclotron frequency. The resonances observed above the upper hybrid frequency approach the true frequency values of nf H as n increases; beyond about n=5 the observed cyclotron harmonic resonant frequences are consistent with a single value of f H which agrees with model magnetic field calculations within the estimated 0.2 percent reliability of this field. The frequency shifts observed previously for these resonances on the Alouette I data are attributed to magnetic contamination from the Alouette I spring steel, antennas. A comparison of the earlier Alouette I results with the-present Alouette II results indicates that the bulk of the original excitation volume associated with the higher cyclotron harmonic resonances is confined to a region considerably less than one antenna-length in radius from the antenna, that the size of this region decreases with increasing harmonic number n; and that it increases significantly as the radiating antenna becomes parallel to the direction of the earth's magnetic field.
The distribution of citations from nation to nation on a field by field basis — A computer calculation of the parameters

Following the methodology established byPrice, this paper analyzes the empirical evidence of citation matrices. Using the data cleaned and tabulated by Computer Horizons, Inc. from the Science Citation Index data banks, it is shown that the non-diagonal elements of the square citation matrices can be accounted for very satisfactorily by assigning each nation a characteristic output and input coefficient in each field measured; the ratio of these coefficients provides a measure of quality. Deviations from this simple model give measures of particular linkage strengths between nations showing some evidence of preferences and avoidances that exist for reason of language, social structure, etc. It is also shown that the diagonal data can be accounted for by the measurable phenomenon that each nation seems to publish partly for the international knowledge system and party for its own domestic purposes. Thus, three parameters and a cluster map can parsimoniously describe the citation data within the limits of random error.
Density-dependent habitat selection of spawning Chinook salmon: broad-scale evidence and implications.

Summary 1. An extensive body of theory suggests that density-dependent habitat selection drives many fundamental ecological processes. The ideal free distribution and the ideal despotic distribution make contrasting predictions about the effect of total population size on relative abundances among habitats. Empirical assessment of these habitat selection models is uncommon because data must be collected over large temporal and spatial scales. 2. I ask whether fluctuation in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawner population size through time leads to different relative densities over space. 3. Twenty-six years of monitoring data on spawning Chinook salmon across the entire coast of Oregon, USA, were used to evaluate models that make contrasting statements about the interactions of a latent population abundance parameter with physical habitat characteristics. 4. There is strong information-theoretic support for models that include terms that allow the spatial variation in density to change as population size changes through time. Analysis of the best model reveals nonlinear isodars, which suggests a ‘despotic’ or ‘preemptive’ distribution of individuals across habitats, indicating that dominant or early-arriving individuals exclude others from breeding sites. 5. This finding has implications for genetic dynamics, population dynamics and conservation metrics of these highly valued fish. The novel application of modelling techniques used here to assess mechanisms of habitat selection from observational data can be used in the emerging field of eco-evolutionary dynamics.
Body Image Satisfaction in Heterosexual, Gay, and Lesbian Adults

Does the prevalence and degree of body dissatisfaction differ among heterosexual and homosexual men and women? Some theorists have suggested that, compared to their heterosexual peers, gay men are at greater risk for body dissatisfaction and lesbians at lower risk. Past studies examining this issue have generally relied on small samples recruited from gay or lesbian groups. Further, these studies have sometimes produced conflicting results, particularly for comparisons of lesbian and heterosexual women. In the present research, we compared body satisfaction and comfort with one’s body during sexual activity among lesbian women, gay men, heterosexual women, and heterosexual men through two large online studies (Ns = 2,512 and 54,865). Compared to all other groups, heterosexual men reported more positive evaluations of their appearance, less preoccupation with their weight, more positive effects of their body image on their quality of life and the quality of their sex life, more comfort wearing a swimsuit in public, and greater willingness to reveal aspects of their body to their partner during sexual activity. Few significant differences were found among gay men, lesbian women, and heterosexual women. Many gay men (42%) reported that their feelings about their body had negative effects on the quality of their sex life, as did some lesbian women (27%), heterosexual women (30%), and heterosexual men (22%). Overall, the findings supported the hypothesis that gay men are at greater risk than heterosexual men for experiencing body dissatisfaction. There was little evidence that lesbian women experience greater body satisfaction than heterosexual women.