cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal Papillary Mapping and Quantification of Randall's Plaque in Pediatric Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers.

Abstract Introduction: Randall's plaque (RP) with attached stones is recognized as a primary mechanism for stone formation in adult calcium oxalate stone formers (CaOx SFs). The role of RP in pedia...
Chapter 2 – Dimensional Analysis

This chapter provides the foundation for using a matrix-based procedure for identifying and defining dimensionless parameters.
Building trust and facilitating goals of care conversations: A qualitative study in people with heart failure receiving home hospice care:

Background:Despite a majority of persons receiving hospice care in their homes, there are gaps in understanding how to facilitate goals of care conversations between persons with heart failure and ...
Inelastic Nuclear Scattering of Photons by Au 197

A lower limit to the inelastic nuclear photon scattering cross section of ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{103}$ was determined as function of energy. Rhodium foils were exposed to a bremsstrahlung beam and the yield of ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{103}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, {\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\mathrm{Rh}}^{103m}$ was measured as a function of the upper limit of the spectrum. Activities were counted with a windowless $4\ensuremath{\pi}$ proportional counter and ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{181}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Ta}}^{180}$ was used as a monitor above 8 Mev, adopting the improved results of the Sasketchewan group. It was ascertained that the fast neutron contamination of the beam contributed but a small fraction of ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{103m}$ activity. The cross section, obtained from the yield curve by customary methods, is found to go through a peak of the order of 10 mb at about 13 Mev and to be appreciable below the ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{103}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n){\mathrm{Rh}}^{102}$ threshold (9.35 Mev). The observed location of the peak is considerably lower than would be expected for ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{103}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n)$ from the empirical $A$-dependence of ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, n$) cross sections, and is also at variance with the observations of Katz and Cameron on ${\mathrm{Au}}^{197}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, {\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\mathrm{Au}}^{197}$, but appears plausible on theoretical grounds as does the magnitude of the cross section.
Audit Quality Inputs and Financial Statement Conformity to Benford’s Law:

We examine whether audit quality inputs are related to the conformity of financial statements to Benford’s law. We find that overall financial statement conformity increases with audit fees, nonaud...
Acute presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with severe vision deficits.

Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in which visual decline occurs within 4 weeks of initial symptom presentation. Idiopath...
Labeling Theory and Joker

The 2019 film, Joker, showcases the transformation of the main character, Arthur Fleck, from a downtrodden member of society to the famed comic book character: the Joker. Details of the film imply that Arthur’s transition into the Clown Prince of Crime is largely attributed to the way that society treats him. Howard Becker’s labeling theory (Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. Free Press, 1963) posits that the way that society reacts to an individual’s deviance can lead them to join a deviant subculture and further engage in crime. This chapter applies Becker’s theory to the Joker film. Specifically, this chapter will detail the process in which Arthur’s primary deviance, and society’s reaction to both him and his actions, led him to adopt the Joker as his master status. This chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of our application to Joker and labeling theory broadly.
Pronator Quadratus Repair Does Not Affect Reoperation Rates Following Volar Locking Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pronator quadratus (PQ) repair on reoperation rates after distal radius open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using a volar locki...
Modeling of Environmentally Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior

The formation of fatigue cracks and their propagation due to cyclic loading in metals have been a concern for more than hundred years. Since fatigue failure were first reported by the railroad industry in 1840s, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding fatigue behavior of metals. But fatigue damage is still a concern due to its complex dependency on various environmental variable like humidity, temperature, time and corrosive environment. Although numerous theories and models have been proposed in the past, the effects of environment on fatigue crack growth (FCG) is not completely understood. This dissertation aims to shed light on the effect of environment on the FCG behavior in metals through experimental techniques (Part-I) and modeling (Part- II). Using the available concepts in literature and the generated experimental data, a new fatigue model is proposed which accounts for thickness, stress ratio and environmental effects on FCG behavior. The slow-strain-rate tests revealed that the effect of liquid-air interface on tensile behavior of Al 7075-T651 can be explained by a concept of chemical notch at the liquid-air interface. The FCG behavior of Al 7075-T651 alloy in air and in vacuum were investigated by using an earlier developed custom matrix method based on △K and Kmax. The FCG data generated revealed the influence of stress ratio,(R), thickness and environment (air and vacuum) on FCG behavior. A new FCG model presented in Part-II includes the environmental effect through change in crack tip angle. In this model the mechanical fatigue damage is based on the two parameter approach, △K and Kmax. The model predictions of R-ratio, thickness and environment effects on FCG behavior in metals is compared with available data published in the literature and fairly good agreement was found.
We Can and Must Understand Computers NOW

This chapter considers three phrases from Theodor Holm “Ted” Nelson’s Computer Lib/Dream Machines. The first is the famous line from the Computer Lib cover: “You Can and Must Understand Computers NOW.” Less famous, but equally crucial in our present moment are a second line, “presentation by computer is a branch of show biz and writing, not of psychology, engineering or pedagogy,” and a third, “All Simulation Is Political.” Taken together, these three statements call for a creative and critical literacy of computing broadly, and computational media in particular. Nelson’s call is not only of historical importance, but one that can guide our work and thinking today. This chapter outlines how even noble attempts to address public understanding of computers often fail to consider the important messages of these three statements, with results that could serve precisely the wrong interests. It also gives an example of work influenced by this set of Nelson’s ideas, from a project of the author and collaborators critiquing and expanding the Kodu introductory programming environment. It also argues that we must unite work that follows in Nelson’s footsteps by reading software critically (e.g., “software studies”) with work that aims to broaden the writing of software, if we hope to successfully answer Nelson's clarion call for a public that is computationally engaged, computationally expressive, and understands what is at stake.
Loss of attentional stimulus selection after extrastriate cortical lesions in macaques

Many objects in natural visual scenes compete for attention. To identify the neural mechanisms necessary for visual attention, we made restricted lesions, affecting different quadrants of the visual field but leaving one quadrant intact, in extrastriate cortical areas V4 and TEO of two monkeys. Monkeys were trained to discriminate the orientation of a target grating surrounded by distracters. As distracter contrast increased, performance deteriorated in quadrants affected by V4 and TEO lesions, but not in the normal quadrant. Performance in affected quadrants was restored by increasing the contrast of the target relative to distracters. Thus, without V4 and TEO, visual attention is 'captured' by strong stimuli, regardless of their behavioral relevance.
Evaluation of Color Parameters in a Machine Vision Analysis of Carbon Monoxide-Treated Fish—Part I

ABSTRACT The color of fresh tuna treated by 4% carbon monoxide +20% carbon dioxide +10% oxygen, or irradiated at 1 KGy or 2 KGy, or first gas treated then irradiated, was analyzed using the R, a∗ and hue parameters in a machine vision system. The percent of sample surface having R > Rthreshold, a∗ < a∗threshold, or hue < huethreshold was associated with storage time for different levels of threshold values. Hue was selected as the best representative of the red color of tuna. A method was suggested to select the threshold value of a parameter. Irradiation did not change the color of fresh tuna. Exposure to CO increased the redness, and preserved it for up to 12 days in refrigerated storage. Microbial numbers for CO treated tuna were not different from control. Irradiation at 2 KGy was very effective in reducing microorganisms, while 1 KGy was ineffective.
Oculogyric crises secondary to lamotrigine overdosage

We report four patients with no preexisting movement disorders who developed oculogyric crises secondary to lamotrigine toxicity and had resolution of these crises after dose reduction. Episode numbers ranged from 1-20 per day and episode duration from 2 s to several hours. Mean plasma concentration of lamotrigine at the time of oculogyric crisis was 15.5 μg/mL, with a mean dose of 16 mg/kg per day.
Species introduced from nearby sources have a more homogenizing effect than species from distant sources: evidence from plants and fishes in the USA

Biotic homogenization is occurring in many biota as widespread introduced species are replacing unique native species. Although efforts to document homogenization have increased, no studies have explicitly compared the homogenizing effects of species introduced from distant areas to the homogenizing effects of species introduced from more proximate areas. The author analysed three data sets, at different scales and in different taxa, that distinguish species introduced from distant sources (e.g. outside the US) from species introduced from less distant sources (e.g. within the United States). These data include: plant introductions among eight major US cities and fish introductions among 12 US states and among 10 watersheds from New York state. The authors found that, for all data sets, species introduced from less distant sources (within the US) have a greater homogenizing effect on community composition than species from more distant sources (outside the US). In agreement with other studies, the author also find that, in terms of absolute numbers, introductions from nearby sources are far more frequent than introduction of species from distant sources. While tentative, these findings point out the importance of considering species introduced from nearby areas (e.g., extralimital native species) when discussing biotic homogenization from human activities.
QUANTILE PERIODOGRAM AND TIME‐DEPENDENT VARIANCE

This article investigates the statistical properties of the recently introduced quantile periodogram for time series with time-dependent variance. The asymptotic distribution of the quantile periodogram is derived in the case where the time series consists of i.i.d. random variables multiplied by a time-dependent scale parameter. It is shown that the time-dependent variance is represented approximately additively in the mean of the asymptotic distribution of the quantile periodogram. It is also shown that the strength of the representation is proportional to the squared quantile of the i.i.d. random variables, so that a stronger characterization is expected at upper and lower quantile levels if the time series is centred at zero. These properties are further demonstrated by simulation results. The series of daily returns from the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is known to exhibit heteroscedastic volatility, serves to motivate the investigation.
Influence of partial confinement and Holocene river formation on groundwater flow and dissolution in the Florida carbonate platform

Much of what is known about groundwater circulation and geochemical evolution in carbonate platforms is based on platforms that are fully confined or unconfined. Much less is known about groundwater flow paths and geochemical evolution in partially confined platforms, particularly those supporting surface water. In north-central Florida, sea level rise and a transition to a wetter climate during the Holocene formed rivers in unconfined portions of the Florida carbonate platform. Focusing on data from the Santa Fe River basin, we show river formation has led to important differences in the hydrological and geochemical evolution of the Santa Fe River basin relative to fully confined or unconfined platforms. Runoff from the siliciclastic confining layer drove river incision and created topographic relief, reorienting the termination of local and regional groundwater flow paths from the coast to the rivers in unconfined portions of the platform. The most chemically evolved groundwater occurs at the end of the longest and deepest flow paths, which discharge near the center of the platform because of incision of the Santa Fe River at the edge of the confining unit. This pattern of discharge of mineralized water differs from fully confined or unconfined platforms where discharge of the most mineralized water occurs at the coast. Mineralized water flowing into the Santa Fe River is diluted by less evolved water derived from shorter, shallower flow paths that discharge to the river downstream. Formation of rivers shortens flow path lengths, thereby decreasing groundwater residence times and allowing freshwater to discharge more quickly to the oceans in the newly formed rivers than in platforms that lack rivers. Similar dynamic changes to groundwater systems should be expected to occur in the future as climate change and sea level rise develop surface water on other carbonate platforms and low lying coastal aquifer systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disorders of the Krebs Cycle

This chapter focuses on two classic Krebs cycle disorders (2-oxoglutaric aciduria and fumarase deficiency) and two recently discovered disorders of the Krebs cycle, severely affecting mitochondrial function and mitochondrial maintenance (succinyl-CoA synthetase –SCS – deficiencies, characterized by mutations in SUCLA2 and SUCLG1 genes). Fumarase deficiency and 2-oxoglutaric aciduria are rare disorders with global developmental delay and severe neurologic problems in infants. Patients with oxoglutaric aciduria have a variable severity of neurological involvement and metabolic acidosis and develop severe microcephaly and mental retardation. A special form (DOOR syndrome) occurs with sensorineural deafness and osteodystrophy. Patients with fumarase deficiency present with either a fulminant course associated with fatal outcome within the first 2 years of life or a subacute encephalopathy with profound speech delay without metabolic crises. SUCLA2 and SUCLG1 defects have the clinical presentation of mitochondrial depletion syndromes with profound hypotonia, progressive dystonia, and muscular atrophy, in addition to severe sensorineural hearing impairment, which has been specifically associated with SUCLA2 defect. The most important clues for the diagnosis in all these disorders rely in urine organic analysis. 2-oxoglutaric aciduria leads to chronic metabolic acidosis and variable urinary excretion of 2-oxoglutarate, while fumarase deficiency occurs with an increased excretion of fumarate associated with succinate and lactate excretion with eventual 2-oxoglutaric aciduria. A normal excretion of fumaric acid and a relative high fumarase residual activity do not rule out fumarase deficiency. In questionable cases mutation analysis is needed to confirm the diagnosis. In SCS defects mild methylmalonic aciduria with abnormal urine carnitine-ester profile is associated with only subtle abnormalities of the Krebs cycle intermediates. Due to the recognizable pattern of dystonia/±deafness syndrome and mild methylmalonic aciduria in SCS defects, direct genetic testing is a possible approach in the diagnosis of SUCLA2 and SUCLG1 defects. Carrier screening in fumarase deficiency is important due to the possible increased risk for certain malignancies.
Observed Changes in Baroclinic Wave Activity during the Life Cycles of Low-Frequency Circulation Anomalies

Abstract Anomalous baroclinic wave activity during the onset and decay of blocking patterns in the Northern Hemisphere winter is investigated based upon a 30-year record of 500 mb height and sea-level pressure. A slowly-varying “envelope function” is defined at each gridpoint in order to represent the modulation of the amplitude of baroclinic wave activity by the low-frequency circulation anomalies related to blocking. The envelope function fields and the low-frequency circulation fields are composited relative to the onset and decay times of four persistent dipole patterns in low-frequency circulation anomalies located downstream of the climatological-mean stormtracks. One polarity of the anomaly patterns corresponds to dipole or modon-like blocking patterns over the eastern oceans, and the other to strong zonal flow patterns. Each of the eight composites is comprised of more than 50 persistent blocking or zonal flow episodes. The most striking common feature observed during the onset of blocking over th...
Calculations on the three-nucleon system using a separable expansion of local potentials

Abstract A separable expansion for local potentials called the unitary pole expansion (UPE) has been applied to the singlet-S soft-core Reid potential. The separable potentials obtained are used in conjunction with a separable tensor potential to calculate the triton binding energy, the nd doublet scattering length and the nd phase shifts in the 1 2 + state above and below break up. The convergence of the UPE is good especially for repulsive terms. The one term approximation (UPA) gives a triton energy differing by 0.04 MeV and a doublet scattering length differing by 0.14 fm from the values found for the local potential. The calculated phase shifts are in good agreement with the phase-shift analysis of Van Oers and Seagrave.
Binge Eating Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a newly proposed eating disorder diagnosis that appears in the appendix of DSM-IV. BED describes a syndrome of recurrent binge eating in the absence of any maladaptive compensatory behaviours. Individuals with BED appear to demonstrate a primary disturbance of eating behaviour, which in some people may be secondary to affective and/or anxiety disorders. The chronic, recurrent bingeing associated with BED is thought to typically lead to obesity and its accompanying morbidity and mortality. BED is also associated with significant psychiatric comorbidity, including affective, anxiety and personality disorders, although the degree of psychopathology is usually not as severe as that of bulimia nervosa. In this paper, the history, diagnosis, epidemiology, associated psychiatric comorbidity and treatment approaches of BED are reviewed. Generally, cognitive-behavioural therapy and/or antidepressant medications are key treatment approaches.
Co-adsorbed fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor augment platelet procoagulant activity and spreading

Previously we observed that platelets adherent to surfaces preadsorbed with blood plasma exhibited 1.3 to 2.4 times greater procoagulant activity than platelets on surfaces adsorbed with fibrinogen (Fg) only. These observations suggested that the adhesion proteins adsorbed from plasma may activate platelets in a cooperative, or synergistic manner. In the present study, polystyrene surfaces adsorbed with both Fg and vWF induced up to three times greater procoagulant activity than surfaces adsorbed with Fg or vWF only. The amounts of Fg and vWF adsorbed from binary mixtures that resulted in increased procoagulant activity were found to be similar to the amounts that adsorbed to PS from 100% plasma. The effect of adsorbed adhesion proteins on platelet spreading was also investigated. The proportion of fully spread platelets increased, depending on the adhesion protein preadsorbed to the surface, in the following order: vWF < Fg < Fn < (vWF + Fg) < Vn < plasma.
Efficiency and interregional factor mobility: A note

In this note, the two-region model presented in Flatters, Henderson and Mieszkowski (4) is modified to include capital mobility. The efficiency conditions for this modified model are derived and contrasted with a free mobility equilibrium. Although the efficiency conditions are not radically altered, the addition of capital mobility tends to strengthen the finding that an uncoordinated free mobility equilibrium will not result in an efficient allocation of resources.
Tryptic digest of the α subunit of lamb kidney (Na+ + K+)-ATPase

Abstract The M r ≈ 100 000 α subunit was prepared from highly purified lamb kidney (Na + + K + )-ATPase. Its N-terminal sequence is Gly-Arg-Asx-Lys-Tyr-Glu. The α subunit was S -carboxymethylated, succinylated, and cleaved at its 40 arginine residues with trypsin. Four major, well-differentiated peptide fractions (A to D) were obtained by chromatography of the digest on a Sephadex G-50 column. Fraction A eluted at the void volume of the column and contained aggregated, very hydrophobic peptides, possibly from regions of α that are buried within the membrane lipid bilayer in the native enzyme. Fractions B to D, which together accounted for about 75% of the total protein, contained water-soluble peptides. To test the feasibility of using antibodies to identify and purify specific peptides of α subunit, studies were carried out using antibodies to native (Na + + K + )-ATPase. Carboxymethylation and succinylation did not significantly decrease total antibody binding to α subunit, although the affinity of the anti-(Na + + K + )-ATPase antibodies for α subunit was reduced by about 50%. The tryptic peptides of a subunit also retain significant immunochemical reactivity. Fractions A, B and C (but not D) of the digest all bind antibodies. To characterize further the tryptic digest, 16 peptides from fraction D were isolated and sequence studies on these were carried out.
The roots of U. S. fisheries policy

Abstract The roots of the present U.S. fisheries policy and the 200‐mi zone may be found in the period from World War II to the 1958 UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. The areas of geographic concern to U.S. Fishing interests, then and now, were the Northwest Atlantic, Latin‐American offshore waters, and the Northwest Pacific. Disparate U.S. fishing interests complicated the State Department's task of arriving at a single policy satisfactory to all U.S. interests.
Time-resolved, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of cultured cells using a Tb chelate label

A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope with time-resolved spectroscopy and CCD imaging capabilities is described. The capability of the microscope to selectively detect, via temporal resolution, the presence of a long-lived luminescence label in biological cells in vitro was evaluated. Tb chelates having radiative lifetimes of ca. 1.5 ms were employed as long-lived, extrinsic labels. Microspectroscopy and imaging were performed on mouse 3T3 cells stained with Tb chelates, stained with DiI (an extrinsic membrane label of ns lifetime), and in the absence of an extrinsic label. The results demonstrate the efficiency of using time-resolved detection to discriminate against intrinsic and extrinsic sources of short-lived emission in cultured cells, which enables long-lived, extrinsic luminescence to be selectively detected. Potential applications of this technology are discussed.
Sensitivity of inelastic pion scattering to non-local interactions

Abstract We show that the excitation of nuclear electric dipole states by small angle inelastic scattering of pions can be used to detect the degree of non-locality of pion nucleus scattering matrix.
Media-Aware Workflows

In this work, we present Media-Aware Workflows, an extension to Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) middleware for automating media workflows. The combination of SOA and BPMS technologies provides a robust architectural approach for integrating and orchestrating the multiple heterogeneous systems involved in enterprise-level workflows. However, media-intensive workflows pose a set of unique requirements. For example, typical media processes require utility media services such as transcoding, data movement, content storage, asset and metadata management. Media-specific considerations regarding formats, profiles, large file sizes and content security must be taken into account for every step of the media workflow. Difference in culture between the IT and the operational/media engineering departments must also be addressed for a successful SOA adoption. Media-Aware Workflows provides a robust layered system controlled by domain-specific business rules to address media specific requirements. The novelty of our approach is based on the combination of static and dynamic workflow composition and the ability to automate control of the media specific aspects of the workflow with business rules, providing clear separation of roles for business experts, IT personnel and media engineers.
Pressure Effects on Conductance of Frozen Montmorillonite Suspensions

The influence of pressure on the conductance of frozen montmorillonite suspensions was measured in the temperature range from 0°C to − 12°C on Na- and Ca-saturated samples. Pressures invariably increase the conductance of frozen suspensions. The change in conductance with pressure is postulated to be due to pressure melting of the ice in the frozen suspension. From swelling pressure data the increase in unfrozen water with pressure at constant temperature is calculated and shown to be consistent with the effect of pressure on conductance.
Alanine EPR dosimeter response in proton therapy beams

Abstract We report a series of measurements directed to assess the suitability of alanine as a mailable dosimeter for dosimetry quality assurance of proton radiation therapy beams. These measurements include dose-response of alanine at 140 MeV, and comparison of response vs energy with a parallel plate ionization chamber. All irradiations were made at the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory, and the dosimeter were read at NIST. The results encourage us that alanine could be expected to serve as a mailable dosimeter with systematic error due to differential energy response no greater than 3% when doses of 25 Gy are used.
A note on a variational principle for crystal physics

A variational principle for coupled piezoelectric heat conduction is derived. The bilinear convolution due to Gurtin is used to formulate a general variational function. An extended function is presented that is suitable for finite element analysis.
Median value and median interval of a fuzzy number

Median value and median interval of a fuzzy number are investigated. Effects of concentration and dilation of a trapezoidal fuzzy number on the location of the median value and the median interval are studied. Relationship between the median interval and the mean interval is explored. Central value and central interval of a fuzzy number are proposed.
Controlling light propagation in optical waveguides using one dimensional phased antenna arrays

We demonstrated using full-wave simulations that phased array antennas patterned on optical waveguides can strongly affect mode coupling and propagation in the waveguides. We designed broadband small-footprint integrated photonic devices based on the concept.
Peripheral smear clues for Bordetella pertussis.

![Figure][1] A 2-month-old girl, who was current on her immunizations and had no prior illness, presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of progressive cough and shortness of breath. A chest radiograph revealed bilateral peribronchial thickening. Complete blood count
Evaluator as a Critical Participant in an Interagency Collaboration: A Case Study

The day after I presented an earlier version of this article (in the session "Landing on Your Feet in the Real World: Anthropologists as Evaluators" at the SfAA annual meetings in Seattle, March, 1997) I spoke by phone with Hilary Stern, the director of CASA Latina, the lead agency on the project discussed in the following pages. She summarized her experiences with evaluation:The evaluation you did for us was the first helpful evaluation we've had, and we've participated in many. Other agencies' experiences are similar to ours. I was really glad that I could tell other people about our experience [at a session on evaluation at a conference on ESLIadult education]. It was the only positive example anyone was able to provide. In most evaluations, evaluators have come from outside. They impose on staff time, and sometimes they don't even give the agency the results. When they do, the information isn't of value to the agency: they tell us what we already know; they don't tell us about things we want to know, ...
Clover and Manure Management Strategies for Overcoming the Wheat Residue Antagonism of No-Till Corn

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop residue can negatively affect the growth and development of no-till corn (Zea mays L.). The objective of this study was to determine whether nitrogen management practices including legume cover crops and manure applications used in conjunction with a pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) could be used to overcome the observed wheat residue antagonism of no-till corn growth and development. A PSNT nitrogen strategy was effective in maintaining no-till corn grain yield in wheat residue systems equivalent to no-till corn grain yield in no-wheat residue systems in 4 of 6 site years. Similar results were obtained for PSNT plus clover cover crop and PSNT plus manure plus clover cover crop nitrogen management systems. Utilization of a PSNT with manure application equalized no-till corn grain yield in high wheat residue treatments with no-till corn grain yield in treatments without wheat residue in all site years. This can be a recommended practice in the Michigan eco-region.
Wave-front sensing with a sampling field sensor

We present a new type of optical wave-front sensor: the sampling field sensor (SFS). The SFS attempts to solve the problem of real-time optical phase detection. It has a high space-bandwidth product and can be made compact and vibration insensitive. We describe a particular implementation of this sensor and compare it, through numerical simulations, with a more mature technique based on the Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensor. We also present experimental results for SFS phase estimation. Finally, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this SFS implementation and suggest alternative implementations.
The Reform Tradition in Nineteenth-Century Composition Teaching.

Commentary: English composition as we know it began in the early nineteenth century...but why is that important? Why would we care about poorly educated grammar school pedagogues—our distant colleagues!—fingers aching with cold as they parsed sentences, heard recitations, and fed the wood stove during those long wintery terms?Very simply, because their lives, practices, and less frequently, their writings give us back ourselves. Our own problems in teaching writing have recurrently presented themselves in forms that nineteenth-century teachers easily would have recognized.Like them, we sense the ongoing need for hard basics, the primitive core of our profession. Yet like those early teachers, we also dwell within a “reform tradition” that stresses the importance of students' interests and experience and continues to see the writing task as based on what used to be called “synthetic” insights and “self-active” learning. Inspired partly by romantic educational theories from the continent, this tradition gre...
Proinflammatory cytokines increase permeability of rat microvascular endothelial cell: Pericyte cocultures in vitro

Abstract Pericytes (PC) have a unique synergistic relationship with microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) in the regulation of capillary permeability. This relationship may be important in the increased permeability noted in septic and posttraumatic states. This study investigates the effect of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 on the permeability of albumin across MVEC:PC coculture barriers. Methods. Semipermeable inserts were coated with gelatin and plated with rat lung MVEC at a concentration of 3 × 105 cells/ml. On the fourth day, PCs were added at concentrations to approximate a ratio of 10:1 MVEC:PC. On day 5, 100 ng of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were added separately. Following a 24-h incubation period, the clearance of albumin across the coculture barriers was measured. Results. TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased albumin clearance in comparison to control cocultures (P Download : Download full-size image
Harmonic Effects in Electrostatic Induction Motors

Abstract Electrostatic Induction motors are closely connected in theory to the familiar Tesla induction machine. In practice, designs are constrained by dielectric breakdown. Stator and rotor electrodes must be positioned to avoid breakdown rather than to provide sinusoidal distributions. The result is that Space and time harmonics are important in electrostatic machines. A cylindrical and in experimental electrostatic Induction motor is described. The electric field the air gap is used to compute theoretical torque, which is less than 4 mN · m under most conditions. Experimental operation with balanced three-phase excitation and bearing friction as the only load agrees with the theory more closely than in previous work.
High-speed modulation of twin-emitter semiconductor laser arrays

Interelement optical coupling introduces microwave frequency time constants to semiconductor laser array systems. The phenomenon is related to beating between lateral array modes and can take place at frequencies from 10 to 50 GHz for typical array designs employing index guided elements. Linearized coupled rate equation analysis has previously found small-signal modulation resonances at those frequencies. Here, the full rate equation theory is used for large signal analysis and novel schemes for utilizing those microwave frequency resonances for high speed optical signal transmission are theoretically demonstrated. We show, for example, that digital signals with bit rates many times the relaxation oscillation frequency are possible in principle.
Growth of ZnO nanowires on retroreflector microspheres and the resulting light channeling and plasmonic properties.

We have investigated the growth of ZnO nanowires on curved BaTiO3 retroreflector beads, as well as growth of ZnO nanowires on flat substrates. Results indicate that the growth of ZnO aligned nanowire arrays occurs farther away from the Zn source in the retroreflectors, while the results are opposite for the flat Si substrates. In the case of the ZnO nanowires on flat Si, the nanowires formed in nearly aligned arrays are short and significantly thicker, suggesting that the growth occurs both longitudinally and laterally in this process, which is not the case for the growth on the retroreflector beads. The SERS response of the nanowire arrays on the retroreflectors has been compared to random nanowires on flat Si substrates, and results show that the signal strength is 29 times greater in the case of the wires grown on the retroreflectors. Since one would only expect a factor of 4 enhancement due to the light reflecting properties of the retroreflector, it is believed that the enhancement in the SERS signal is due to light channeling by the aligned nanowire arrays.
Initial experience with extended culture and blastocyst transfer of cryopreserved embryos

Abstract Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the viability and transfer efficiency of cryopreserved embryos allowed to develop into blastocysts in extended culture for in vitro fertilization. Study Design: The embryos for in vitro fertilization that had been cryopreserved at either 2 PN (pronuclear) or cleaving stage (day 1-3) were thawed and cultured for uterine transfer on day 5. Outcome for day 5 embryo transfer was prospectively compared with previous outcomes from embryos transferred on day 2 or 3. Results: For embryos thawed and transferred on day 2 or 3 (n = 99), the pregnancy rate was 33%, the implantation rate per embryo transferred was 15.2%, and the rate of multiple gestations was 42.4% (14/33) with 35.7% of pregnancies having ≥3 gestational sacs. For extended culture embryos transferred on day 5 (n = 25), the pregnancy rate was 36%, the implantation rate per embryo transferred was 16.7%, and the rate of multiple gestations was 33.3% (3/9) with all of these being twins. For embryo transfers performed on day 5 in which only blastocysts were transferred (n = 9), the pregnancy rate was 66.7%, the implantation rate per blastocyst was 44.4% (greater than the rate for the day 2 or 3 embryos, P = .0043), and the rate of multiple gestations was 33.3% (2/6) with all of these being twins. In extended culture 29.8% of cryopreserved embryos progressed to the blastocyst stage. In this series 4 subjects (15.4%) did not have blastocysts by day 5. Conclusion: Acceptable pregnancy rates can be obtained from cryopreserved embryos cultured to the blastocyst stage with a significantly higher implantation rate. Transfer of embryos that have "self-selected" to blastocysts results in reduced risk of higher-order (>2) multiple gestations, because only 1 or 2 embryos are transferred. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1472-4.)
Team-based Research: Notes from the Field

This article reviews the literature on research using teams, including interdisciplinary teams, teams that span universities and are geographically distant, and teams using qualitative and mixed me...
PCD/DCoH: more than a second molecular saddle

Abstract Two recent crystal structures of the tetrameric pterin-4 α -carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD)/dimerization cofactor of HNF-1 (DCoH) protein provide fresh insights into how this multifunctional enzyme/transcriptional coactivator works.
To scavenge or not to scavenge: that is the question.

Analysis of a series of diffraction data sets measured from several native as well as nicotinic acid-soaked crystals of trypsin suggests that this potential scavenger does not have any statistically significant effect on the amount of radiation damage incurred in the crystals on X-ray irradiation at 100 K. Analysis of a series of diffraction data sets measured from four native as well as four nicotinic acid-soaked crystals of trypsin at 100 K shows a high variability in radiation-sensitivity among individual crystals for both nicotinic acid-soaked and native crystals. The level of radiation-sensitivity and the extent of its variability is statistically indistinguishable between the two conditions. This suggests that this potential scavenger does not have any statistically significant effect on the amount of radiation damage incurred in the crystals on X-ray irradiation. This is in contrast to previous results [Kauffmann et al. (2006 ▶), Structure, 14, 1099–1105] where only one crystal specimen was used for each condition (native and nicotinic acid-soaked)
Thermal history of the nakhlites by the40Ar-39Ar method

Abstract This paper reports the results of thermal-release argon analyses of neutron-irradiated samples of the two nakhlite meteorites, Lafayette and Nakhla. The initiation of retention of radiogenic 40 Ar in Lafayette appears to have been a reasonably well-defined event which occurred (1.33 ± 0.03) × 10 9 yr ago, as determined by the 40 Ar- 39 Ar method. Nakhla also appears to have been retaining argon no longer than 1.3 × 10 9 yr, but its gas-retention age cannot be considered well-defined because its apparently most-retentive sites have nominal gas-retention ages shorter than those of the less-retentive sites which contain most of its potassium.
Effect of rapid spin exchange on the magnetic-resonance spectrum of alkali vapors

It was recently discovered that when there are sufficiently rapid spin-exchange collisions in an alkali-metal vapor, the rf magnetic-resonance frequency of the ground-state atoms becomes a constant fractional value (e.g., $\frac{4}{11}$ for Cs) of the Larmor frequency, and the linewidth becomes inversely proportional to the spin-exchange rate. These properties are in complete contrast to those in the slow spin-exchange limit. We present a theoretical analysis of these properties, and we predict some additional new effects for rapid spin exchange. Four theories are presented; an intuitive-vector model, a perturbation treatment, numerical solutions of complex non-Hermitian matrices, and a statistical analysis of the effect of rapid transfers between two Zeeman multiplets. These theories all provide, to varying degrees, consistent quantitative answers to the problem of how spin exchange affects magnetic resonance in an alkali vapor.
Does it help to have friends in high places? Bank stock performance and congressional committee chairmanships

Abstract Does a politician with power in the U.S. Congress positively affect the value of firms headquartered in their home state? We investigate this question by examining the profitability and stock performance of commercial banks. Banks can be enormously influenced by the political and regulatory environment. We find that banks headquartered in states where a Senator or member of the House of Representatives serves as the chairman on their respective banking committee in Congress outperform banks headquartered in other states. In addition, we find that this “chair effect” is more pronounced when the committee chairs are strongly aligned with other politicians in Congress, when they are more experienced, and when banks are clustered in the home state, suggesting that the potential benefits generated from chairmanship are in more demand. Overall, our results suggest that there are some important value implications of a local politician’s power in Congress.
Supercritical Water Oxidation of Methylamine

Methylamine was oxidized in supercritical water in a Hastelloy tubular flow reactor at 249 atm and temperatures between 390 and 500 °C. The major carbon-containing products were CO2 and CO, with trace amounts of CH3OH. The major nitrogen-containing products were NH3, N2O, and N2. A reaction network consistent with all the results has been constructed. Ammonia appears to be the exclusive nitrogen-containing intermediate between methylamine and the final products, N2O and N2. The disappearance of ammonia during methylamine SCWO is markedly faster than that during oxidation of ammonia alone. Approximately 3−4 times more N2O is produced than N2, whereas the N2O/N2 ratio is essentially zero when ammonia is oxidized alone in SCW. We attribute these differences in the rate of and selectivity from ammonia oxidation in supercritical water in the present experiments to the presence of methylamine in the reaction environment and catalytic chemistry on the reactor walls.
Automated Scanning And Analysis Of Ventricular Cine Angiograms

Automated computer analysis of cine ventriculograms provides a rapid, reproducible means of analyzing visual data obtained at cardiac catheterization. At the present time several laboratories routinely do semiautomated volumetric analysis of cine ventriculograms. However, their method requires the cardiologist or a trained technician to manually trace the outline of the ventricle on each frame. (Ref. 1 and 2) This technique is time-consuming and prone to errors.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the influenza C/California/78 virus nucleoprotein gene.

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 5 of the influenza C/California/78 (C/Cal/78) virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from viral RNA. The gene contains 1809 nucleotides and can code for a protein of 565 amino acids with a molecular weight of 63 525. The RNA 5 protein of the influenza C/Cal/78 virus possesses two short regions which share a high degree (60–83%) of sequence homology with the nucleoproteins of influenza A and B viruses. These and other structural features of the RNA 5 protein suggest that RNA 5 of influenza C viruses codes for the nucleoprotein. The data also suggest that influenza C viruses are orthomyxoviruses, but that they are more distantly related to either type A or type B viruses than are influenza A and B viruses to each other.
Negative Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli

Several methods for detecting or measuring negative chemotaxis are described. Using these, we have surveyed a number of chemicals for their ability to repel Escherichia coli. Although most of the repellents are harmful compounds, harmfulness is neither necessary nor sufficient to make a compound a repellent. The repellents can be grouped into at least nine classes according to (i) competition experiments, (ii) mutants lacking certain of the negative taxes, and (iii) their chemical structure. The specificity of each class was studied. It is suggested that each class corresponds to a distinct chemoreceptor. Generally, non-chemotactic mutants lack both positive and negative chemotaxis, and l-methionine is required for both kinds of taxis. Repellents at very low concentrations are not attractants, and attractants at very high concentrations are not repellents.
An exploratory analysis of variations in performance among U.S. national parks

Data envelopment analysis and related techniques are applied in an evaluation of the performance efficiency of various classifications of national parks.
Environmental Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Silica Gel, Zeolite and Activated Charcoal

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be hazardous to human health and can negatively impact the long-term stability of art objects. This research evaluated the VOC adsorbent properties of three materials commonly used in museums as humidity regulating or air filtering agents. Silica gel, activated charcoal, and zeolite powder, materials often placed in proximity to art objects, were analyzed using Thermal Desorption GC-MS to qualitatively identify adsorbed VOC’s from model environments. This research compared the adsorbing capabilities of these materials with a solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) carboxen/polydimethyl siloxane fiber to frame their adsorbing powers. It was found that different adsorbents have very different ranges of adsorption for the chemicals tested. Silica gel powder and zeolite powder have the greatest sensitivity for acetic acid over a 24 hour exposure period. Zeolite powder and activated charcoal were more sensitive for identification of naphthalene. Silica gel powder proved to be the most sensitive adsorbent overall. This research discovered that the methods used to condition silica gel pellets for reuse need to be re-examined in light of fact they trap VOC’s, especially as it was observed that VOC’s desorb from the silica gel pellets under ambient conditions.