cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disputants' Perceptions of Interactional Justice: Comparing How Employees and Supervisors Interact in Mediation

This paper examines how a disputant's role in a conflict impacts the disputant's perceptions of and satisfaction with transformative mediation. Specifically, it examines evidence of disputants' interactions in the context of transformative mediation for employees and supervisors at the United States Postal Service (USPS). The paper finds that managers/supervisors are more likely than employees to report that they learned something new about the other party, acknowledged the other party's point of view or apologized to the other person. There is also evidence for a modest amount of recognition from both employees and supervisors of the acknowledging, learning and apologizing of the other party. Both employees and supervisors report high rates of settlement when they report high levels of interactional justice in the transformative mediation. This indicates that the quality of participants' interactions in mediation is related to the quality of the mediated outcome. It is also evident that a participant's role in mediation impacts his or her interactions with the other participant.
Class A GPCRs: Cannabinoid and Opioid Receptor Heteromers

Cannabinoid and opioid receptors mediate a variety of physiological processes including pain and drug reward. Both receptors couple to Gαi/o proteins and their activation leads to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and potassium channel activity ultimately leading to inhibition of synaptic transmission. Over the last decade increasing anatomical, biochemical and pharmacological evidence demonstrated interactions between the opioid and cannabinoid receptor systems that could modulate not only the physiological but also the pathophysiological roles of these receptors. The present review aims to summarize the literature surrounding the properties of cannabinoid and opioid receptors and the unique signaling following their interaction as well as the novel interventions in the management of disorders ranging from pain to addiction.
The Separated Substances

While the discussion of the Platonic Ideas was, in a sense, a discussion of separated substances, there still remains room for a specific investigation under the rubric ‘separated substances.’ For Saint Thomas himself has a series of discussions directly dealing with the problem from this standpoint and incorporating philosophical approaches to it.1 He points out that the philosophers have employed various arguments and that, in each case, distinctively different positions on the problem have, therefore, been reached. Among the philosophers cited, Plato and the Platonists consistently appear, likewise with a characteristic via and a distinctive resulting pattern of separated substances.
Cognitive Science: Persistent Apes Are Intelligent Apes.

Summary In humans, self-control is correlated with general intelligence; a new study finds that this correlation extends to chimpanzees as well. The new results highlight the cognitive bases of self-control and suggest a common evolutionary history for human and primate self-control.
Decentralized Detection of GPS Spoofing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

This letter proposes a decentralized scheme for the detection of global positioning system (GPS) spoofing in vehicular ad hoc networks. In this scheme, vehicles exchange their measured GPS code pseudo-ranges with neighboring vehicles using dedicated short-range communications. The vehicles then perform linear operations on the exchanged GPS data and derive independent statistics that are related to the measurements of each neighbor. Using these statistics, a vehicle implements a cumulative sum procedure to locally detect high correlations in the time of arrival of spoofed GPS signals. The vehicles report their local detection values to an elected head vehicle, which employs a min–max change-detection procedure to optimize the global-spoofing detection. Our experimental results show that: 1) the average detection delay decreases as the number of vehicles increase and 2) the proposed scheme converges to optimal as the probability of false-alarm reduces to zero.
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a liver transplant patient.

Abstract This case report presents a 46-year old man with a failed liver transplant who presented with malaise and dyspnea. Imaging studies revealed diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates and innumerable miliary nodules and a left upper lobe consolidative mass. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated yeast cells with broad-based budding. He was diagnosed with pulmonary blastomycosis and started therapy with liposomal amphotericin. In spite of therapy, he clinically worsened, developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and eventually expired.
You Can’t Treat a Problem if You Don’t Recognize It

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics BP — : blood pressure CDS — : clinical decision support In 2004, The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents was released by the National Institutes of Health1 with the intention of providing a clear set of guidelines to help clinicians identify and treat childhood hypertension. Despite the increased attention paid to childhood hypertension since then, most children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure (BP) still go unrecognized and undiagnosed during clinical encounters.2,3 There are likely many contributing factors that lead to the underrecognition of pediatric hypertension,3 but the fact that clinicians providing care to children and adolescents do not have a simple, single BP value to reference creates significant complexity for what should be a relatively straightforward problem. Various approaches to this problem have been proposed, ranging from creation of a simplified table of BP values to automated display of BP percentiles within the electronic health record.4,5 Most recently, in the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) 2017 “Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents,” a simplified table was … Address correspondence to Joseph T. Flynn, MD, MS, FAAP, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Mail Stop: OC.9.820, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105-0371. E-mail: joseph.flynn{at}seattlechildrens.org
Management of Patients Who Make Threats Against Elected Officials: A Case Report

Federal law makes it a crime to threaten the President of the United States. The Secret Service conducts thousands of violence risk assessments each year. Literature suggests that 75% of individuals who make threats have been diagnosed with a mental illness (1). Studies show that prominent symptoms in presidential assassins include persecutory and grandiose delusions, hence falling into the category of psychotic disorders. We present a case of a patient diagnosed with Schizoaffective Disorder brought to CPEP (Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program) by the Secret Service for repeatedly dialing 911 and making threats to the President. In the past year the patient had been hospitalized three times for similar behavior. Initial presentation included acute symptoms of psychosis and mania including persecutory delusions, command auditory hallucinations, grandiosity, and thought disorder. Clinicians were faced with unique challenges and consulted the forensic service to navigate the role of the Secret Service and develop a plan to prevent future episodes. The patient was discharged with a court order for treatment, long acting medication, as well as an outpatient appointment. The treatment plan has been effective and the Secret Service has ceased their investigation. We aim to explore issues in patient confidentiality, duty to both report and protect. We will also provide strategies and recommendations for such patients on the inpatient unit.
The role of message specificity in corporate social responsibility communication

Abstract Companies vary in how they communicate their corporate social responsibility (CSR) endeavors, either reporting the specific causes supported (e.g., “We support the American Lung Association, Kidney Foundation, and Multiple Sclerosis Society”) or mentioning the issue in general (e.g., “We support advancing health”). This study investigates which message strategy (general or specific) is more effective and shows that when companies donate to a single issue (e.g., health), a specific rather than a general message strategy produces more positive evaluations. This is because consumers trust companies more when they communicate their cause support with more specificity. However, when a company donates to a diverse set of issues (e.g., health, environment, and education), a boundary condition to the effect occurs. This research has important implications for managers' decisions on how best to advertise their CSR efforts.
New Technologies in Hiatal Hernia Repair: Robotics, Single Port

Hiatus hernia (HH) involves herniation of contents of the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm into the mediastinum. The first description of hiatus hernias dates back to 1853 by a physician, Henry Ingersoll Bowditch 7 [1]. Then in 1926, Ake Akerlund, a Swedish radiologist, coined the term hiatus hernia. He further classified HH into three types, which is still in use 7 [2]. HH occurs due to enlargement of the diaphragmatic aperture, which then allows herniation of abdominal contents into the mediastinal cavity, most common organ being the stomach but may also contain other viscera like the colon or spleen. Until the 1950s the relationship of HH with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was not appreciated. While the type I or sliding HH are more commonly associated with GERD, the larger types II–IV or paraesophageal hernias (PEH) are associated with gastric volvulus, leading to mucosal ischemia, strangulation, and gastric obstruction.
Testicular development in bulls treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin.

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that administering recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) would affect testicular development in Holstein bulls. From 4 until 32 wk of age, bulls received a daily injection of either placebo (C) or rbST (.2 mg/kg BW.75, i.m.; n = 10/group). At 14-d intervals, blood was obtained and assayed for testosterone (T); BW, shoulder height (SH), and testis length (TL) were recorded. At 7, 12, and 24 wk of age, bulls were bled at 10-min intervals for 6 h to determine the secretory patterns of LH, growth hormone (GH), and IGF-I. All bulls were killed at 40 wk of age. One testis was used for determination of daily sperm production (DSP), and the number of spermatids per gram of parenchyma (SP/G); the remaining testis was perfused and fixed for histological analysis of numbers of Sertoli cell nuclei (SCN/ST) and spermatids per seminiferous tubule cross-section (SP/ST). Epididymal spermatozoa were collected to test effects of rbST on the integrity of spermatozoal chromatin structure. Administration of rbST increased (P < .0001) concentrations of GH (nanograms/milliliter) in plasma at all ages (C vs rbST; wk 7, 8.9 +/- 1.0 vs 51.9 +/- 6.8; wk 12, 12.8 +/- 1.4 vs 59.2 +/- 6.4; and wk 24, 5.2 +/- 1.5 vs 42.6 +/- 12.2). There was an age x treatment interaction (P < .0183) for concentrations of IGF-I (nanograms/milliliter) in plasma (C vs rbST; wk 7, 149.7 +/- 6.1 vs 148.6 +/- 8.6; wk 12, 184.1 +/- 12.8 vs 216.6 +/- 15.9; and wk 24, 392.8 +/- 24.8 vs 484.7 +/- 19.9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Large-Scale Chromatin Structure

Analysis of cellular ultrastructure currently is seriously handicapped by the lack of structural tools capable of visualizing macromolecular assemblies and organelles which extend over large subcellular volumes. This problem is particularly severe with regard to structural dissection of chromosome architecture in which a hierarchy of folding motifs give rise to linear compaction ratios tens of thousands to one for mitotic chromosomes and hundreds or thousands to one for interphase chromatids. Whereas analysis of the highest levels of chromosome folding requires tracing individual chromatids over at least several um distances, analysis of the lowest levels of chromatin folding requires a resolution of at least several nm. In practice, because of the extremely high DNA packing ratios, these different levels of chromosome folding are not easily isolated for separate, sequential structural determination. This is particularly true for mitotic chromosomes, in which the several nm spatial separation between larger units of chromatin folding is comparable to the spacing between lower levels of chromatin folding contained within these larger domains. Therefore direct identification within native chromosomes of structural motifs underlying the highest level of chromosome folding may first require the unambiguous tracing of the lower levels of chromatin folding.
Dynamic Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large-Eddy Simulation of a Supersonic Cavity: Chemistry Effects

A Mach 2 supersonic cavity flameholder is simulated using three hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)/large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulence modeling approaches. Finite rate chemistry is in...
Margin Optimization in Digital Subscriber Lines Employing Level-1 Dynamic Spectrum Management

This paper investigates the optimization of margins in a digital-subscriber-line (DSL) system employing level-1 dynamic spectrum management. A central spectrum management center determines the empirical statistics of the noise variance of each DSL line using long-term observations and optimizes the margin allocation using the statistics. Compared to current systems that allocate ad-hoc margin values, the presented algorithms improve the line's stability, throughput-guarantee, and politeness to other lines in the binder.
Pinch Forces and Instrument Tip Forces during Periodontal Scaling

The prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), are elevated among dental practitioners, especially dental hygienists. An important risk factor for these disorders is forceful pinching; however, the pinch forces and instrument forces during scaling are unknown. Six dentists and 6 senior-year dental students were recruited to use a specially designed instrument while performing their usual dental scaling on patients. Thumb pinch force was measured by a pressure sensor, while the forces developed at the instrument tip were measured by a 6-axis load cell. Dental students applied greater mean peak pinch force (35.7 ± 3.8 N) compared to dentists (24.5 ± 4.1 N) (p = 0.001). The peak forces generated at the instrument tip were higher among the dentists. Increased experience in periodontal scaling leads to the application of less pinch force to accomplish scaling. Nonetheless, the applied peak pinch forces in both groups are high and pose a risk for the develop...
Race and Equity in Statewide Implementation Programs: An Application of the Policy Ecology of Implementation Framework

Although the literature is growing regarding large-scale, system-wide implementation programs, the broader political and social contexts, including race and ethnicity, are frequently ignored. Using the Policy Ecology of Implementation framework (Raghavan et al., Implement Sci 3:26, 2008), Minnesota's CEMIG is examined to investigate the role of social and political contexts in the implementation process and the barriers they create. Data from 22 interview transcripts from DHS administrators, agency grant managers, university educators, advocacy group representatives, and mental health board members, along with more than 1000 grant documents were qualitatively analyzed using content analysis to reveal three themes concerning how the participants experienced program implementation: invisibility, isolation, and inequity. Findings demonstrate the participants perceived that the grant program perpetuated inequities by neglecting to promote the program, advocate for clinicians of color, and coordinate isolated policy ecology systems. Strategies for future large-scale, system-wide mental health program implementation are provided.
Biosimilar Uptake in Academic and Veterans Health Administration Settings: Influence of Institutional Incentives.

OBJECTIVE To compare uptake in the ordering of biosimilars at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) to that at an academic medical center, where institutional incentives for infused medications differ. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of medical record data and estimated institutional financial incentives at 2 medical centers in Philadelphia: 1) the University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS), and 2) the local VAMC. All ordering events for filgrastim or infliximab products were quantified over time and stratified according to product (biosimilar versus reference product) and center. Financial incentives to the institutions over time were determined based on actual drug costs for the VAMC and average sales prices (ASPs) and Medicare Part B reimbursement rates for UPHS. RESULTS There were 15,761 infusions of infliximab at UPHS, of which 99% were for the reference product. There was a sharper decline in the use of reference products at the VAMC; 62% of the 446 infliximab infusions ordered at the VAMC were for the reference product. ASPs were consistently lower for biosimilar infliximab products, but the estimated institutional financial incentives remained similar over time for biosimilar and reference infliximab at UPHS. At the VAMC, the costs for 100-mg vials of reference infliximab and infliximab-abda were $623.48 and $115.58, respectively: a $507.90 (81%) savings per vial. CONCLUSION The uptake of infliximab biosimilars has been slow at an academic medical center compared to a nearby VAMC, where financial savings are realized by the institution from its use. Slow adoption of biosimilar medications may impact the rates of decline in costs.
Future Therapies for Malignant Brainstem Tumors

Malignant brainstem tumors are a heterogenous group of tumors, where diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the most common type. Because of the infiltrative nature of the tumor and the structure of the brainstem, surgical resection is not a therapeutic option for DIPG. Radiation therapy is the current standard of care for this tumor but is only palliative. Conventional chemotherapy has not shown efficacy. Obstacles in achieving effective nonsurgical treatment in this tumor include, but are not limited to, the relatively intact blood-brain barrier, the drug efflux transporters, and the immune privilege and specialization.
6 – Laboratory testing

Test methods are discussed to enable evaluation of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) system performance, with particular concern with assessing the effects of environmental degradation. Items discussed include the selection of samples to be used, the test environment, and the performance metrics to be tested. Test methods covered include bond durability by pull-off testing, flexural testing, and nondestructive modal testing for storage modulus and loss factor. Suggestions are provided for sample preparation, testing standards to consider, and development of an appropriate test plan and procedure. Attention is given to accelerated laboratory testing and the evaluation of an acceleration factor to relate field to laboratory test rates of deterioration. After testing a discussion of the interpretation and analysis of test results is given.
Punitive Damages: Criticisms and Proposals for Reform in Light of State Farm

In State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell, the Supreme Court set out two limits for courts reviewing the constitutionality of punitive damages awards. First, the Court suggested that punitive damages should generally not exceed a single-digit ratio to compensatory damages. Second, the Court restricted the type of evidence that can be considered to impose and calculate punitive damages. This Comment considers State Farm's two limits in light of the Utah Supreme Court's remand decision and six other state and federal decisions issued within one year of State Farm. It concludes that State Farm has largely been unsuccessful, ignoring underlying goals of punishment and deterrence and failing to bring fairness and uniformity to this area of law. As a result, this Comment considers analogous limits in federal employment discrimination law. It argues that substantive limits focused on a defendant's condition are more consistent with the goals of punitive damages and that geographic, time period, facility and decision making evidentiary restrictions imposed in discrimination cases may serve to refine State Farm's evidentiary limits, leading to greater fairness and uniformity.
Nanostructure of bioactive glass affects bone cell attachment via protein restructuring upon adsorption.

The nanostructure of engineered bioscaffolds has a profound impact on cell response, yet its understanding remains incomplete as cells interact with a highly complex interfacial layer rather than the material itself. For bioactive glass scaffolds, this layer comprises of silica gel, hydroxyapatite (HA)/carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), and absorbed proteins—all in varying micro/nano structure, composition, and concentration. Here, we examined the response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells to 30 mol% CaO–70 mol% SiO2 porous bioactive glass monoliths that differed only in nanopore size (6–44 nm) yet resulted in the formation of HA/CHA layers with significantly different microstructures. We report that cell response, as quantified by cell attachment and morphology, does not correlate with nanopore size, nor HA/CHO layer micro/nano morphology, or absorbed protein amount (bovine serum albumin, BSA), but with BSA’s secondary conformation as indicated by its β-sheet/α-helix ratio. Our results suggest that the β-sheet structure in BSA interacts electrostatically with the HA/CHA interfacial layer and activates the RGD sequence of absorbed adhesion proteins, such as fibronectin and vitronectin, thus significantly enhancing the attachment of cells. These findings provide new insight into the interaction of cells with the scaffolds’ interfacial layer, which is vital for the continued development of engineered tissue scaffolds.
An examination of data reuse practices within highly cited articles of faculty at a research university

Abstract Data sharing and reuse are regarded as important components of the research workflow and key elements in open science. While reuse is well-documented in some circumstances, the utility of data sharing for all domains is less clear, and limited evidence of wide-spread demand can make it challenging to justify effort and funds required to format, document, share, and preserve data. This paper describes a project that: (1) surveyed authors of highly cited papers published in 2015 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in nine STEM disciplines to determine if data were generated for their article and their knowledge of reuse by other researchers, and (2) surveyed authors who cited these 2015 articles to ascertain whether they reused data from the original article and how that data was obtained. The project goal was to better understand data reuse in practice and to explore if research data from an initial publication was reused in subsequent publications. While the results revealed reuse in many situations (and deemed important in these cases), the survey results and researcher supplied comments also indicated that data does not play the same role in all studies or even in studies that build on previous ones.
Evaluating Prediction Models of Creep and Drying Shrinkage of Self-Consolidating Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials/Fillers

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and fillers play an important role in enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. SCMs and fillers are commonly used in self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures to also enhance their rheological properties. However, these additives could have significant effects on the viscoelastic properties of concrete. Existing models for predicting creep and drying shrinkage of concrete do not consider the effect of SCM/filler on the predicted values. This study evaluates existing creep and drying shrinkage models, including AASHTO LRFD, ACI209, CEB-FIP MC90-99, B3, and GL2000, for SCC mixtures with different SCMs/fillers. Forty SCC mixtures were proportioned for different cast-in-place bridge components and tested for drying shrinkage. A set of eight SCC mixtures with the highest paste content was tested for creep. Shrinkage and creep test results indicated that AASHTO LRFD provides better creep prediction than the other models for SCC with different SCMs/fillers. Although all models underestimate drying shrinkage of SCC with different SCMs/fillers, the GL2000, CEB-FIP MC90-99, and ACI 209 models provide better prediction than AASHTO LRFD and B3 models. Additionally, SCC mixtures with limestone powder filler exhibited the highest creep, while those with class C fly ash exhibited the highest drying shrinkage.
Left Ventricular Measurements and Strain in Pediatric Patients Evaluated for Systemic Hypertension and the Effect of Adequate Anti-hypertensive Treatment

Pediatric hypertension (HTN) is an epidemic that is associated with HTN in adulthood and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesized that children with HTN would have left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and abnormal LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) on echocardiogram and that these values would differ by weight, race, and HTN treatment. Data were collected from first visits to the HTN Program from 12/2011 to 9/2018, excluding patients with cardiac disease or heart transplantation. LV measurements including LV mass index (LVMI), LV GLS, and diastolic indices were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for an abnormal LVMI. There were 212 patients with an interquartile age range of 13–18 years. On univariate analysis, LVMI was higher in hypertensive, obese, and African American patients. LV strain was less negative in obese and African American patients. Adequately treated patients with HTN had a higher LVMI and a higher E/e′ ratio compared to patients with no HTN. On multivariate analysis, only obesity was associated with an LVMI ≥ 95th percentile (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4, 5.8). LVMI is higher in hypertensive, obese, and African American patients; however, in the multivariate analysis, obesity was the only independent risk factor for an abnormal LVMI. LVMI was still higher in those adequately treated for HTN compared to patients without HTN, possibly due to concomitant obesity. Future studies should focus on subclinical changes in LV performance seen in obese and hypertensive patients and the impact on long-term health.
From Politics to Practice

positions on the epistemological unity of anthropology, sociology, and history and on the notion of “plausibility” of data, as opposed to Popper’s refutability or “falsifiability,” as argued in his remarkable book Le raisonnement sociologique: un espace non-popperien de l’argumentation (1991). All these fundamental questions are discussed with equal interest in chapters primarily collected from previously published articles, but the whole progression unfolds from a basic idea, “the approximative rigor of anthropology” (p. 7), an apparent self-contradiction commented on throughout the introduction. The reasoned critique of “culturalism,” toward a “moral epistemology” of fieldwork, developed in chapter 2 (“The Politics of Fieldwork”) should stand as a reference on fieldwork. Chapter 3 is a thorough discussion of the notion of “emics” (or the actor’s point of view), and chapter 4 is an outstanding commentary on “observation” and “description,” vital concepts in a discipline that is basically descriptive, whatever the abstraction involved (see p. 133). Chapter 5, on “the methodological I” and the anthropologist’s implication in fieldwork, is mentioned above; chapter 6 is a critical reflection on “populism” in anthropology. Chapter 7 is about “overinterpretation or violence inflicted on data”; being of equal quality, it may make the most questionable argument because of the problem of defining “overinterpretation” in a discipline literally built on interpretation, but a good majority of professionals would probably agree on the notion of “violence inflicted on data” in given contexts. The conclusion discusses the reciprocal relationships between “common sense and clerical sense,” and a very interesting postscript specifically addresses the reciprocal relationships between the researcher and the “citizen,” reminding us of Weber’s distinction between “le savant et le politique.” It is all the more interesting that Olivier de Sardan, after a lifetime of various personal involvements, concludes that “la sociologie n’est pas un sport de combat” and should not be one, making an ironical allusion to a 2001 TV movie devoted to the late Pierre Bourdieu under the exact opposite title, “La sociologie est un sport de combat.” Finally, let us make note of an excellent bibliography, somewhat arbitrary, as is any bibliography, but showing in itself the work’s consistency and intelligence. This is a rare and important book.
Abstract 3817: Critical Role of Notch1 in Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Cardiac Regeneration Following Myocardial Infarction

The adult heart has limited regenerative capacity. Bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells (BMSC) are mobilized to the heart after ischemic injury and contribute to the repair process by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increasing neovascularization, and partially differentiating into cardiomyocytes. However, the signaling pathway, which mediates this regenerative process, is unknown. Because Notch1 is important for cardiovascular development, we hypothesize that Notch1 in BMSCs may mediate cardiac repair following ischemic injury. To determine the role of Notch1 (N1) in cardiac regeneration, we subjected WT and global heterozygous N1+/− mice to left descending artery (LAD) ligation. Following LAD ligation, mortality was higher for N1+/− mice, and in N1+/− mice that survived, infarct size was larger and heart function was more impaired compared to WT mice. When BM of N1+/− mice was transplanted into WT mice, infarct size was larger, neovascularization was reduced, and heart function was more impaired compared to WT mice transplanted with WT BM. To determine whether N1 in BMSC promotes BMSC mobilization and subsequent differentiation into cardiomyocytes, we crossed transgenic mice expressing GFP with N1+/− mice to generate GFP+/N1+/− mice (GFP-N1+/−). Compared to transplantation with BM from GFP+ mice, WT mice with BM transplanted from GFP-N1+/− mice showed less accumulation of BMSC and decrease presence of GFP-positive cardiomyocytes in the infarct border zone following LAD ligation. Indeed, BMSC derived from N1+/− mice showed strikingly less proliferative capacity, and in a transwell co-culture system with neonatal cardiomyocytes, less migratory ability compared to WT BMSC. When BMSC were directly cultured with neonatal cardiomyocytes, fewer numbers of N1+/− BMSC differentiated into Troponin T-positive cells compared to that of WT BMSC. These findings indicate that Notch1 in BMSC is critically important in the cardiac repair process by facilitating the mobilization, increasing the proliferation, and promoting the differentiation of BMSC. These results suggest that factors or conditions that upregulate Notch1 signaling in BMSC may be therapeutically useful for cardiac regeneration.
Relations between Aggregation of Subunits and the Oxygen Equilibrium of Human Hemoglobin

Abstract Deaggregation of human hemoglobin in solutions of high ionic strength is pH-dependent in the range 6 to 8.5. The pH optimum for aggregation of deoxy- is lower than that for oxyhemoglobin. The known favored deaggregation of oxyover deoxyhemoglobin is further characterized; the difference is more marked at lower pH values in this range. A similar difference is also seen when deaggregation is induced by acidification to pH 4.7. At high ionic strengths and also at pH 4.7 the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is concentration-dependent. This dependence can be related to differences in deaggregation of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin through linkage relations.
Infrared Studies of SiC, Si3N4, and SiO2 Formation in Ion-Implanted Silicon

Studies of the infrared transmission properties of single crystal silicon implanted with high fluences of carbon, nitrogen or oxygen ions and annealed to temperatures ⩽ 1000 °C, indicate that SiC, S3N4 or SiO2 micro regions, respectively, are formed. These compounds were identified by their characteristic phonon absorption bands. SiC is observed to form after annealing at 850°C for 20 minutes, but the formation of Si3N4 andSiO2 requires a temperature of 1000°C for about 15 hours. Immediately after implantation, and at annealing temperatures lower than that required for compound formation, broad featureless absorption bands are observed, whose positions and annealing behaviors are dependent on the implanted ions.
Emerging concepts in the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins.

The Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins (> 50 members) regulates a diverse spectrum of intracellular processes. These include cellular proliferation and differentiation, intracellular vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal control, NADPH oxidase function, as well as others. In this review, we describe recent progress and emerging themes in the action and regulation of these important cellular regulatory molecules. Structural studies have provided insight into the function of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins (LMWGs) as molecular switches, and are defining modes of interaction with associated regulatory molecules. Details of the enzymatic processes involved in the posttranslational processing of LMWGs, and how this processing is important for protein function, are being elucidated. A variety of GTPase activating proteins, GDP/GTP dissociation stimulators, and GDP dissociation inhibitors have been identified, and their ability to determine the activity of LMWG-regulated systems is being worked out....
Impact and cost of care of venous thromboembolism following pituitary surgery

Objectives/Hypothesis In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services discontinued reimbursement for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) events such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, citing them as preventable postoperative complications. We examined the impact of postoperative VTE on patients undergoing pituitary surgery. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was evaluated for patients undergoing pituitary resection from 2002 to 2010. Patient demographics, comorbidities, length of stay, hospital charges, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results Eighty-seven patients who underwent pituitary surgery developed a VTE. Patients who underwent pituitary surgery that developed VTE were older (55.9 ± 15.2 years) than those who did not develop VTE (50.1 ± 17.2 years) (P = 0.002). VTE occurred at a significantly higher rate in patients with coagulopathy, peripheral vascular disorder, and weight loss (P < 0.05). VTE was associated with increased rates of postoperative neurological, pulmonary, cardiac, urinary, renal, hemorrhage, fluid and electrolytes, diabetes insipidus, and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea complications (P < 0.01)—as well as increased mortality rate (P < 0.001), length of stay (P < 0.001), and cost of care (P < 0.001). Conclusions Analysis of the data from the NIS database showed that risk factors for the development of VTE following pituitary surgery include older age, preexisting coagulopathy, peripheral vascular disorder, and weight loss. Patients who developed postoperative VTE had a longer length of hospital stay, higher hospital charges, and increased morbidity and mortality. Level of Evidence 2C. Laryngoscope, 125:1563–1567, 2015
Parental Discipline and Behavior Problems in Young Children

The relationship between parenting practices and behavior problems in very young children was investigated via the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC; Fox, 1994). Results indicated that parents' use of verbal and corporal punishment was the strongest predictor of reported behavior problems, accounting for 20% of overall variance and 13% of unique variance. Results for parental nurturing and expectations were mixed and suggest an indirect effect. Several demographic variables were also predictive of behavior problems. Implications for Patterson's (1986) model of the development of antisocial behavior and for the use of parent assessment as a screening tool for preventive interventions are discussed.
Thionamides and analogues: A reapraisal of antithyroid and thyroid carcinogenic effects

Abstract As commonly depicted, in the thione form, thionamides (including thiourea and its derivatives) bear little resemblance to thyroid hormone. However, if placed in the thiol resonance form, these molecules are noted to structurally mimic the end of the tyrosine molecule (the precursor of thyroid hormone). Alternatively, tyrosine written in the -one configuration resembles the thionamides. This permits a better appreciation of why the thionamides may themselves be iodinated by thyroid peroxidase in some cases, and under other circumstances induce changes in the enzyme. The thiol resonant form can be written for naturally occurring goitrin, and for thiobarbituric acids with antithyroid activity. An hydroxyl resonant configuration can be drawn for the antithyroid compound 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone. Tetramethylthiourea is a thyroid carcinogen in rats. The compound can not be readily placed in the thiol resonant configuration; it also contains 2 methyl groups at both ends of the molecule. The hair dye 2,4-diaminoanisole sulfate induces thyroid neoplasms in rats. A similarity is pointed out both to tyrosine and to lower potency antithyroid aminobenzenes (described by Astwood and coworkers). Pyrazole, known to produce thyroid necrosis, is seen to have a distinct resemblance to the opposite end of several of these compounds.
Formant contour estimation in noise: comparison of a new zero-crossing based method with other spectral estimators

The authors present a method of spectral analysis for formant estimation, using statistical properties of zero-crossing (ZC) intervals of the signal. The technique provides noise robustness using an initial stage of filter-bank analysis. The method is compared with other existing spectral analysis techniques for their performance in formant estimation using a hand-marked speed database. It is found that the ZC method performs best for estimating the first formant frequency at high noise levels ( >
Direct observation of electronic anisotropy in single-crystal Y1Ba2Cu3O7-x.

We report direct observation of the anisotropic electronic behavior of the high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$. Critical-field and critical-current measurements performed on single crystals show anisotropies of 10 and greater. Critical supercurrent densities in favorable directions in single crystals are 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in low fields at 4.5 K and remain above ${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ to beyond 40 kG.
News Audiences Revisited: Theorizing the Link Between Audience Motivations and News Consumption

With a plethora of news outlets today, audiences have more choices than ever. Yet, academic and professional understanding of news audiences from a uses and gratifications perspective remains limited. Using a national survey (N = 1143), this study uncovers distinct news consumption patterns across 4 types of motivations, and predicts media uses across 30 sources with noticeably higher explanatory power as compared to previous uses and gratifications studies, answering the question: Who is using what type of news, and why?
An electromagnetic shower detector using proportional wire chambers with cathode plane delay-line readout

Abstract The construction and performance of a fine-grained electromagnetic shower detector is described. The detector consisted of 49 1 m × 1 m proportional wire chambers interlaced with one radiation length thick aluminum plates. The delay-line readout on the cathode planes measured the centroid positions of the shower. The anode wire planes measured the shower energy and can be used to form an experimental trigger. The detector was used successfully in an elastic neutrino-electron scattering experiment at Fermilab.
Specific heats of solid hydrogen, solid deuterium, and solid mixtures of hydrogen and deuterium

Measurements have been made in the temperature range 0.5–5 K of the specific heats of pure solid H2, pure solid D2, and four solid mixtures of H2 and D2 with D2 fractions between 15 and 95%, all of which systems had low concentrationc of molecules in the rotational stateJ=1. For the H2,c=0.0023, and for the D2,c=0.030. It was found that the observed specific heats could be described as the sum of three terms as follows. (1) A lattice specific heat. This was found to follow aT 3 function with θ D =122 K for solid H2 and θD=113.8 K for solid D2. For the solid mixtures the lattice specifi heats have in first approximation values given by a weighted mean of the lattice specific heats of the pure components. (2) A Schottky term with a maximum at about 1.3 K for solid H2 and 1.4 K for solid D2, which can quantitatively be described in terms of electric quadrupole-quadrupole (EQQ) interactions in nearest-neighbor pairs and triples of molecules in the rotational stateJ=1. This term led to evaluation of г, the EQQ interaction energy, giving г/k=0.9 ± 0.1 K for solid H2 and 0.93 ± 0.05 K for solid D2. It was found, moreover, that in solid H2 there was an appreciable enhancement with time of the number of clusters of molecules in the rotational stateJ=1 at the expense of the number of isolated singles of similar molecules, due to rotation diffusion. On the other hand no rotation diffusion was observed in solid D2 or in the solid mixtures of H2 and D2, except possibly in those mixtures containing 85% H2. (3) A second anomalous term occurring at temperatures below about 0.8 K and, by extrapolation, having its maximum below 0.5 K (the lowest temperature of our measurements). This anomaly was observed only in those samples containing D2 and is, as yet, unexplained in detail. A further major conclusion from our results in the temperature range 0.5–5 K is that there was no evidence in the form of a sharp anomalous jump in the specific heat of any of the mixtures which could be interpreted as indicating the occurrence of isotopic phase separation. This absence of phase separation is noted, in spite of the fact that thermodynamically it is energetically favorable in the temperature range of observation.
Randomized Trial of “Slow” Versus “Fast” Feeding Advancement in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. • 1015

Randomized Trial of “Slow” Versus “Fast” Feeding Advancement in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. • 1015
THE INCOME UNIT AND THE ANATOMY OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION

This paper focuses on a neglected aspect of the treatment of the income unit in the construction of size distributions of income. If the size distribution is to be an indicator of the distribution of economic welfare, and if the economic welfare of each individual in society is to count equally, then conventional distributions are inconsistent with individualistic welfare functions. We estimate size distributions with each person's welfare weighted equally, and contrast these results with those weighting each household unit's welfare equally. The choice of weights is shown to affect both the level and the trend in income inequality.
Novel Packaging Method for Miniature High Temperature Piezoelectric Actuators

There is a need for miniature actuators that operate at high temperature, high frequency and lend themselves to integration with other small devices such as relays, valves and micro electromechanical systems (MEMS). Actuators based on piezoelectric materials have the potential to develop high forces at high frequency, but operation at elevated temperature may be problematic and obtaining useful stroke as the actuator is scaled down in size is a significant challenge. This paper presents the design and fabrication steps for a novel piezoelectric actuator that addresses these challenges and is capable of operating at temperatures in excess of 200°C with a stroke greater than 10μm and a length of less than 25mm. Several packaging adhesives and two piezoelectric materials were evaluated for the miniature actuator design. Results indicate that although this first generation device did not meet the stroke requirement of 10μm, the high temperature package design will enable new capabilities for next generation devices.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Erythritol may reduce dental caries in high-risk school children.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Effect of erythritol and xylitol on dental caries prevention in children. Honkala S, Runnel R, Saag M, Olak J, Nommela R, Russak S, Makinen PL, Vahlberg T, Falony G, Makinen K, Honkala E. Caries Res 2014;48(5):482-90. Reviewer Jaana Gold, DDS, PhD Purpose/Question To determine the efficacy of daily consumption of erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol candies by first- and second-graders on the development of enamel and dentin caries lesions. Source of Funding Cargill R&D Center Europe (Vilvoorde, Belgium), manufacturer of sweeteners Type of Study/Design Double-blind, cluster randomized clinical trial Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not Applicable
Transdisciplinary studies of surgical oncology trial accrual: A National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute Roadmap-affiliated project update

BACKGROUND A key objective of the National Institutes of Health Roadmap Initiative during the past 2 years has been to address scientific problems and issues through innovative research collaborations that cut across disciplines, traditions, and agendas. METHODS Recognizing an opportunity to focus on the growing problem of low accrual to cancer surgical trials, the authors organized a multidisciplinary network of 21 clinical researchers and social/behavioral scientists to meet, review the issues, and organize working groups to study the problem. The authors, as representatives of the Karmanos Cancer Institute (Detroit, MI) and the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group, were awarded a Roadmap-affiliated grant from the National Cancer Institute under the “Meetings and Networks for Methodological Development in Interdisciplinary Research” funding mechanism. RESULTS The overarching objective that guided the methodological developments of this network was to apply state-of-the-science methodologies and analytical strategies to examine the biobehavioral and interpersonal factors that facilitate or impede patients' treatment decision-making. CONCLUSIONS In this brief report, the authors describe the objectives of their multidisciplinary network and their progress to date. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Cardiomyopathy, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and mitochondria are linked through AIDS and its therapy.

Abstract Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) bring serious side effects to light. Mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA replication defects and mtDNA depletion in target tissues are observed experimentally and clinical confirmation is present in some cases. Organ-specific pathological changes, particularly in the cardiovascular system, result from and are frequently attributed to HAART where NRTIs are included. Mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity are incompletely understood, but could reasonably relate to inhibition of DNA polymerase-γ (the enzyme responsible for mtDNA replication in eukaryotes) by pharmacologically active NRTI triphosphates. Cellular and biological implications of the pharmacologic events are addressed.