cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-resolution elemental mapping of human placental chorionic villi using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

The placenta is the organ that mediates transport of nutrients and waste materials between mother and fetus. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microanalysis is a tool for imaging the distribution and quantity of elements in biological tissue, which can be used to study metal transport across biological membranes. Our aims were to pilot placental biopsy specimen preparation techniques that could be integrated into an ongoing epidemiology birth cohort study without harming rates of sample acquisition. We studied the effects of fixative (formalin or glutaraldehyde) and storage duration (30 days or immediate processing) on metal distribution and abundance and investigated a thaw-fixation protocol for archived specimens stored at −80 °C. We measured fixative elemental composition with and without a placental biopsy via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify fixative-induced elemental changes. Formalin-fixed specimens showed hemolysis of erythrocytes. The glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde solution in HEPES buffer (GTA-HEPES) had superior anatomical preservation, avoided hemolysis, and minimized elemental loss, although some cross-linking of exogenous Zn was evident. Elemental loss from tissue stored in fixative for 1 month showed variable losses (≈40 % with GTA-HEPES), suggesting storage duration be controlled for. Thawing of tissue held at −80 °C in a GTA-HEPES solution provided high-quality visual images and elemental images.
Structure of /sup 18/Ne

We have studied /sup 18/Ne states up to 9 MeV excitation energy via the /sup 16/O(/sup 3/He,n)/sup 18/Ne and /sup 20/Ne(p,t)/sup 18/Ne reactions. Excitation energies, widths, absolute cross sections, and angular distributions were measured. Distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations were performed for comparison with the (/sup 3/He,n) angular distributions and the (p,t) data were compared with previous calculations. Members of the 4.5-MeV doublet were found to have excitation energies of 4.518 +- 0.008 and 4.590 +- 0.008 MeV with spin and parity 1/sup -/ and 0/sup +/, respectively. The 5.1-MeV group was resolved into a doublet with 5.090 +- 0.008 and 5.144 +- 0.008 MeV excitation energies. Several previously unidentified states were found at excitation energies greater than 5 MeV, including a state at 7.062 +- 0.012 MeV that is strongly populated via (/sup 3/He,n), but not observed in (p,t). We calculated two-particle Coulomb energy shifts for model mass-18 T = 1 states and found that the difference between the excitation energy of the 4.59-MeV 0/sup +/ state and the analogous state at 5.34 MeV in /sup 18/O gives strong evidence for the predominantly S/sup 2//sub 1/2/ character of the state.
P-16INHIBITION OF ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS BY A TYPE 1 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

Past reports suggest that antagonism of the CB1 receptor (CB1R) is an emerging strategy to alcoholic liver disease. Unfortunately, first generation inverse agonists of CB1R have serious psychiatric side effects and are no longer in clinical use or development. However, neutral antagonists or CNS-sparing …
TRANSPLANT IMMUNITY TO POLYOMA VIRUS-INDUCED TUMORS. II. EVIDENCE FOR HOST-DEPENDENT IMMUNOGENIC VARIATION OF POLYOMA VIRUS.

SummaryThe capacity of a polyoma virus strain to stimulate transplantation immunity in adult hamsters against tumor cells induced by the same strain was significantly increased by allowing the virus to proliferate in hamster embryo cells for 4-7 days. The high immuno-genic capacity was lost by a further growth cycle in mouse cells, suggesting that host modification of some viral character may have taken place.The author wishes to thank Mrs. Judith Vande and Miss Ruth Jennings for their excellent technical assistance.
Some effects of certain resorcinol derivatives on Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis virus; factors influencing in vitro screening technic.

Conclusions1. Various resorcinol derivatives of a non-toxic nature have been shown to be active against EEE virus under in vitro conditions. 2. Some factors affecting inactivation of EEE virus by 2,7-diiodotetraiodofluorescein have been presented and their importance in an in vitro study on compound-virus interaction stressed. 3. An in vitro screening technic has been demonstrated permitting the study of the effect of compound configuration on virus activity.
The Cultural Evolution of Dance Ideology in the Primitive Civilization

Cultural evolution contains the historical inheritance.Primitive religion,an integral part of primitive spiritual civilization,involves the development of the material and spiritual civilizations.Primitive dance,an important part of primitive culture,exerted deep influences on the evolution of primitive culture.
Parallel WNAD algorithm for solving 3D elastic equation and its wavefield simulations in TI media

The accurate modeling of elastic wave propagation in TTI media is significantly important for the study of the anisotropy,amplitude versus offset(AVO) analysis,and other inverse problems.A new numerical algorithm named parallel weighted nearly-analytical discrete(WNAD) method is presented in this paper.As an extension of 2D WNAD,the parallel WNAD method is a fast and efficient algorithm for simulating the elastic wave propagation in TTI media.We first show how to formulate the 3D WNAD method,and then compare the wavefield generated by this method with the wavefield computed by a conventional staggered-grid method.The numerical results show that the WNAD algorithm is more suitable for the simulations of the large-scale seismic wavefield by using the high-performance computers.Using the parallel WNAD algorithm,we study the elastic wave propagation in the TTI media and observe the important feature of TI media: shear-wave splitting,the quasi body wave coupling and velocity anisotropy.The reflected,refracted,and converted waves are generated at the interfaces.This makes the wavefield complex.To better understand the anisotropic media induced by fracture,it′s useful to study and identify those waves.
Service Features Analysis of Heilongjiang The Shared Technology Innovation and Entrepreneur HSP

Heilongjiang the shared technology innovation and entrepreneur HSP is building of "resource sharing,complementary advantages,mutual win- win"principle,in order to provide effective service media for the whole society technological innovation activities. The service characteristics analysis for"LONG JIANG Platform Model",In order to better serve the economic and social and cultural development of LongJiang played an irreplaceable role.
Jurisdictional Discovery under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act

The United States has long afforded foreign sovereigns immunity from suit in its courts. As early as 1812, in The Schooner Exchange v McFaddon,' Chief Justice Marshall recognized the concept of foreign sovereign immunity, explaining that it arose from the "common interest impelling [sovereign states] to mutual intercourse, and an interchange of good offices with each other."2 The importance of foreign sovereign immunity has kept pace with the dramatic growth of international trade and the rise in both the complexity and intensity of relations between nationstates. Today, U.S. corporations and citizens frequently transact with a wide variety of foreign corporate entities: some fully private, some fully state-owned, and many others somewhere in the middle-caught between post-socialist economic privatization and lingering fears of free market competition.3 When these transactions go awry the parties often seek to resolve their differences through litigation. The availability of relief in such instances depends largely on whether or not the foreign entity is protected by the law of sovereign immunity. Thus, the law of foreign sovereign immunity plays a critical role for both U.S. citizens conducting business with foreign entities and the foreign entities themselves. Unfortunately, current formulations of U.S. foreign sovereign immunity law provide neither the predictability to deal with modern transnational disputes nor the protections needed to encourage foreign governments to do business with U.S. corporations and to abide by the rulings of U.S. courts. The American law of foreign sovereign immunity is governed by the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ("FSIA"), which codifies both the principle of sovereign immunity and several exceptions to immunity.4 In determining the availability of sovereign immu-
In memoriam: GARY BECKER

This essay commemorates Nobel Laureate Gary Becker, one of the most prominent and iconoclastic economists of the 20 th century. At the same time, it is written with the utmost gratitude felt by a student for her teacher. Becker served as the chairman of my dissertation committee at the University of Chicago Law School in the years 1995 - 2000 .
Chapter Two – Development of an Analytical Method

Publisher Summary The first step in solving analytical problems is the identification of the problem. Once the problem is defined the important factors that are considered in choosing the analytical method are: concentration range, required accuracy and sensitivity, selectively, time requirements, and cost of analysis. There are two types of analytical methods: chemical and instrumental methods. Chemical methods depend on chemical operations in combination with the manipulation of simple glassware and the simplest of instruments. An instrumental method encompasses the use of more complicated instrumentation based on electronic, optical, or thermal principles. The chapter also discusses quantitative analysis, which is based upon the measurement of a property that is related, directly or indirectly, to the amount of the desired constituent present in the sample. There are five basic types of techniques that are important to analytical chemistry: gravimetric, volumetric, optical, electrical, and separation.
Let the Children Come: The Religion of the Protestant Child in Early America

In 1844, the Congregationalist minister Enoch Pond in Bangor, Maine, reminded his fellow clergy that they had been commissioned not only to feed the sheep of their flocks but also to nurture the lambs. Under no circumstances, he cautioned, would a good minister neglect the children, for both Christian parents and their pastors felt “the deepest anxiety” that the children of American parishes would not “receive that wise government, that faithful discipline, that Christian instruction and restraint, which, by the blessing of God, shall result in their speedy conversion, and bring them early and truly into the fold of Christ.” He called for pastors to pray for the children, to convene meetings of praying parents, to pay attention to children during pastoral visits, to impart special instruction to children from the pulpit, to visit their schools, to institute Sunday schools, to teach children the Bible, and to offer catechetical instruction. The devoted pastor would acquaint himself with children, “enter into their feelings, and interest himself in their affairs; and thus engage their affections, and win their confidence.“Christian clergy in America had long heeded such admonitions. Seventeenth-century Puritan ministers made serious, if sporadic, efforts to teach the catechism, often invited groups of children into their homes for instruction, contended over the implications of the baptismal covenant, and urged parents to teach their offspring religious truths and Christian practices. Eighteenth-century Anglican clergy made similar efforts to instruct children, and their revivalist counter-parts in New England and the Middle Colonies encouraged the conversion of children at younger than customary ages. Jonathan Edwards devoted careful attention to his four-year-old convert Phebe Bartlet, who followed in the path of her converted eleven-year-old brother by announcing, after anguished prayers and cries for mercy, that “the kingdom of God had come” to her.
Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy.

Background Studies have demonstrated a robust association between interpersonal callousness (IC) and the development of severe and chronic conduct problems (CP) in youth. Although children exhibiting IC are also believed to be at particularly high risk for developing psychopathic personality features in adulthood, there is little longitudinal evidence supporting this assumption, particularly after controlling for co-occuring CP severity. Methods This study used data collected on a longitudinal cohort of boys (n = 508), with an oversampling of youth exhibiting elevated conduct problems. Analyses examined the unique and interactive association between latent growth curve trajectories of IC and CP assessed bi-annually from late childhood to early adolescence (~ages 10–13) and features of psychopathy in early adulthood (age ~ 24) assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist – Short Version (PCL:SV; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995). Results Growth curve analysis indicated that initial levels of IC and CP in childhood (~age 10 intercept) both uniquely predicted the development of the interpersonal/affective features of adult psychopathy, and boys with a combination of high initial levels of IC and CP were at particularly high risk for developing the impulsive/antisocial features of the disorder. Boys who exhibited systematic increases in CP from late childhood to early adolescence also demonstrated higher adult psychopathy scores, but changes in IC across this developmental period did not significantly add to the prediction of adult psychopathy. Conclusions Findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions for boys exhibiting severe IC and CP in childhood, as they appear to be at high risk for developing adult psychopathic features.
Examining Paraprofessional Interventions to Increase Social Communication for Young Children With ASD

Social communication skills are considered a core deficit in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence-based practices that have emerged to address these critical skills in children with ASD have largely been implemented by researchers, teachers, and parents. Only recently have researchers studied paraprofessionals as implementers of these interventions. The following review examines studies in which paraprofessionals were taught to implement social communication interventions with young children with ASD. The seven articles that met inclusion criteria were evaluated with respect to (a) type of social communication intervention, (b) evidence of effectiveness, (c) training methods and components, (d) child outcomes. The primary intervention studies included pivotal response training (PRT), natural language paradigm (NLP), and incidental teaching strategies as well as mand training and general antecedent/consequent interventions. All studies reported improvements in paraprofessional i...
What Is the Role of Pain Physicians in the Opioid Epidemic

A 35-year-old male construction worker presents to his family physician a week after “tweaking” his back while on the job. He has some lumbar back pain bilaterally, but what really concerns him is the pain that goes down his right thigh, crosses his knee, and goes down to his toes. He denies any bowel or bladder dysfunction, saddle anesthesia, or new focal neurologic deficits.
Physics of instability of perovskite solar cells

We report on the fundamental physics of light-induced instability of efficient perovskite solar cells. Perovskite cells were made using both solution growth and vapor phase growth techniques. Both p-i-n and n-i-p configurations were studied. Solar cell efficiencies ranged from 13–16%. The stability tests were performed in a chamber which excluded moisture and oxygen with varying degrees of light intensity. We find that the device interfaces and mobile ions play a major role in light-induced instability. There is virtually no change in the midgap defect densities in either p-i-n or n-i-p cells upon illumination up to 100 hours at 1 sun intensity. We also find that in some cases, the p-i-n solar cells recover completely upon mild thermal anneal in the dark. We explain the observed phenomena by suggesting that mobile negative ions are generated during light soaking and they recombine over some time after the removal of light.
Automated Coding of Political Video Ads for Political Science Research

With the advent of new media technology and the ability to identify more information about potential voters, political campaigns have aggressively changed their campaign strategies. Election campaigns increasingly rely on online video advertising to reach voters. Until now, the contents of these ads are manually coded for political science research to study campaign strategies. Manual coding is tremendously time consuming and not scalable to handle the expected increase in online ads. We make the first attempt to investigate automated coding of the content of political video ads for political science research. Specifically, we focus on the problem of classifying a political ad into one of these categories: attack ads, promoting ads, and contrast ads. Together with the domain expert, we introduce a concrete definition for each of these categories. We made available the ground truth labels of 773 political ads of the 2016 primary presidential election. We investigate the effectiveness of several classifiers using single modality and two modalities. The best average F1 score is 0.845 using text features from audio and embedded text in image frames.
National Academy of Medicine Social and Behavioral Measures: Associations With Self-Reported Health

Introduction Social and behavioral factors play important roles in physical and mental health; however, they are not routinely assessed in the healthcare system. A brief panel of measures of social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDs) were recommended in a National Academy of Medicine report for use in electronic health records. Initial testing of the panel established feasibility of use and robustness of the measures. This study evaluates their convergent and divergent validity in relation to self-reported physical and mental health and social desirability bias. Methods Adults, aged ≥18 years, were recruited through Qualtrics online panel survey platform in 2015 (data analyzed in 2015–2016). Participants completed the (1) panel of SBD measures; (2) 12-Item Short Form Health Survey to assess associations with global physical and mental health; and (3) Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale short form to assess whether social desirability influenced associations between SBD measures and self-reported health. Results The sample included 513 participants (mean age, 47.9 [SD=14.2] years; 65.5% female). Several SBD domain measures were associated with physical and mental health. Adjusting for age, poorer physical and mental health were observed among participants reporting higher levels of financial resource strain, stress, depression, physical inactivity, current tobacco use, and a positive score for intimate partner violence. These associations remained significant after adjustment for social desirability bias. Conclusions SBD domains were associated with global measures of physical and mental health and were not impacted by social desirability bias. The panel of SBD measures should now be tested in clinical settings.
Missed Opportunities for Hepatitis A Vaccination, National Immunization Survey-Child, 2013.

Objectives To quantify the number of missed opportunities for vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine in children and assess the association of missed opportunities for hepatitis A vaccination with covariates of interest. Study design Weighted data from the 2013 National Immunization Survey of US children aged 19-35 months were used. Analysis was restricted to children with provider-verified vaccination history (n = 13 460). Missed opportunities for vaccination were quantified by determining the number of medical visits a child made when another vaccine was administered during eligibility for hepatitis A vaccine, but hepatitis A vaccine was not administered. Cross-sectional bivariate and multivariate polytomous logistic regression were used to assess the association of missed opportunities for vaccination with child and maternal demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic covariates. Results In 2013, 85% of children in our study population had initiated the hepatitis A vaccine series, and 60% received 2 or more doses. Children who received zero doses of hepatitis A vaccine had an average of 1.77 missed opportunities for vaccination compared with 0.43 missed opportunities for vaccination in those receiving 2 doses. Children with 2 or more missed opportunities for vaccination initiated the vaccine series 6 months later than children without missed opportunities. In the fully adjusted multivariate model, children who were younger, had ever received WIC benefits, or lived in a state with childcare entry mandates were at a reduced odds for 2 or more missed opportunities for vaccination; children living in the Northeast census region were at an increased odds. Conclusions Missed opportunities for vaccination likely contribute to the poor coverage for hepatitis A vaccination in children; it is important to understand why children are not receiving the vaccine when eligible.
Evaluating the Tracing of Recursion in the Substitution Notional Machine

We evaluate a notional machine for recursion based on algebraic substitution. To do this, we decompose recursion into a progression of function call patterns, parameter name reuse, and data structure complexity. At each stage, we test students' ability to trace programs using substitution. We evaluate the correctness of their traces along multiple dimensions, finding that students generally do well, and also observe shortcuts and identify misconceptions. For comparison, we also have students trace two problems using a traditional, imperative notional machine. Even though the substitution model is unwieldy to use with compound data, students still perform better with it than with the traditional notional machine.
Tocqueville’s Moderation and Lieber’s Idealism in Penal Reform

Upon returning to France from their famed journey to explore American prisons, Tocqueville and Beaumont asked Francis Lieber to translate their official penal report and publish it in America. Ferkaluk contends that Lieber’s penal thought, evident through his changes to On the Penitentiary System during translation, offers us an alternative to Tocqueville’s moderate pursuit of penal reform. Following Lieber’s own indications of how to use and understand his translation alterations leads us to see that his footnotes and appendices reflect a theoretical disagreement with Tocqueville and Beaumont on the purpose of penitentiary systems. Specifically, Lieber disagrees with Tocqueville and Beaumont on the merits of centralization when establishing penitentiaries, the role of institutions such as penitentiaries in the process of historical development, and the effectiveness of education to morally reform individuals within penitentiaries.
The impact of antibiotic prescription rates on the incidence of MRSA bloodstream infections: A county-level, US-wide analysis.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection with socioeconomic factors and antibiotic prescriptions at the county level. Methods MRSA bloodstream infection rates were extracted from the Medicare Hospital Compare database. Data on socioeconomic factors and antibiotic prescriptions were obtained from the US Census Bureau and the Medicare Part D database, respectively. Results In multivariate analysis, antibiotic prescriptions demonstrated a powerful positive association with MRSA bloodstream infection rates [Coefficient (Coeff): 0.432, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.389, 0.474, P Conclusions MRSA bloodstream infection rates were strongly associated with county-level antibiotic use and socioeconomic factors. If the causality of these associations is confirmed, antimicrobial stewardship programs that extend outside acute healthcare facilities would likely prove instrumental in arresting the spread of MRSA.
An Overview of Eicosanoid-Induced Radiation Protection

The large family of natural eicosanoids and the growing number of synthesized eicosanoid analogues have a wide range and diversified array of biological actions. Many naturally occurring eicosanoids are associated either directly or coincidentally with many pathological disorders. In contrast, several prostaglandins (PGs) and fewer leukotrienes (LTs) have been shown to play some role in protecting tissue from acute or chronic injury. This protective effect of eicosanoids led Collier (1) to suggest that they may be one of the bodies major homeostatic mechanisms.
Frequency and location of atherosclerotic plaques in the ascending aorta

Among 97 specimens of ascending aorta from adults with clinical coronary disease, the prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques greater than 8 mm in diameter was 38%. The right side of the ascending aorta was more commonly involved than the left; the sites least commonly involved were the right-posterior, upper right-anterior, and lower posterior locations. Of specimens with plaques at the orifice of the innominate artery, 80% also had plaques in the ascending aorta, and 73% of specimens with plaques at the orifice of the left subclavian artery had plaques in the ascending aorta.
Prognostic factors and effects of adjuvant therapy after pancreatoduodenectomy for ampullary adenocarcinoma: Mayo Clinic experience.

e15703Background: The aim of this study is to identify prognostic factors and effects of adjuvant therapy for patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma who had pancreatoduodenectomy. Methods: A cohort...
Temporal dynamics in attention bias: effects of sex differences, task timing parameters, and stimulus valence.

New methods of calculating indices from the dot-probe task measure temporal dynamics in attention bias or fluctuations in attention bias towards and away from emotional stimuli over time. However, it is unclear how task-specific parameters such as stimulus valence and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) as well as participant sex affect temporal dynamics in attention bias. To address this, male and female participants (N = 106) completed either a fearful or happy face dot-probe task with four levels of SOA (84 ms, 168 ms, 336 ms, and 672 ms). Results suggest that temporal dynamics in attention bias are (1) greatest at the longest SOA, (2) greater in females, and (3) insensitive to stimulus valence. These findings indicate that participant sex and task timing, but not stimulus valence, are related to temporal dynamics in attention bias and should be considered in future studies utilizing this approach.
How fatigue cracks grow, interact with microstructure, and lose similitude

This paper reviews the processes by which fatigue cracks grow and interact with applied load and microstructure. Fatigue crack growth processes are remarkably similar irrespective of microstructure, crack size, or nature of the loading. Large strains at fatigue crack tips applied over repeated cycles severely alter, or homogenize, microstructures, followed by crack advance. Microstructure affects fatigue crack growth kinetics more than growth processes. But, under marginal conditions, fatigue crack growth rates are also affected by microstructural features. Examples are small cracks growing under low stresses or large cracks growing near threshold. The prediction of safe lifetimes for machine parts, such as gas turbine components, requires that laboratory-generated fatigue crack growth rate data be transferred to field-operating conditions. This transfer depends on the maintenance of similitude: microstructurely, mechanically, and environmentally. However, for many industrially important conditions, similitude with large fatigue crack growth is lost, partially because of changes in fatigue crack closure. The effect of closure on similitude is discussed. New data are presented to illustrate the loss of similitude between applied loading and crack tip strain response. The resulting strain rates of material within the process zone are unexpected. Environmentally influenced fatigue crack growth rates are likely to be influenced by these strain rates.
Structural Trends in Group 4 Metal Tetraaza Macrocycle Complexes. Molecular Structures of (Me4taen)Zr(OtBu)2 and (Me4taen)Hf(NMe2)2

The tetraaza macrocycle complexes (Me4taen)Zr(OtBu)2 (4) and (Me4taen)Hf(NMe2)2 (5) have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Both species adopt cis structures with distorted octahedral metal geometries. These structures are similar to that observed earlier for (Me4taen)Zr(NMe2)2 (3) but quite different from the trigonal prismatic structures observed for (Me4taen)ZrCl2 (1) and (Me4taen)Zr(CH2Ph)2 (2). The structures of these d0 (Me4taen)MX2 species are rationalized on electronic grounds. The conformational properties of the Me4taen2- macrocycle and the covalent character of and absence of a strong π-component in the M−X bonds favor trigonal prismatic structures for 1 and 2, whereas M−X π-bonding in 3−5 promotes distortion toward octahedral structures. Compound 4, C22H40N4O2Zr, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 9.6080(8) A, b = 9.7407(8) A, c = 14.5916(12) A, α = 92.714(1)°, β = 107.808(1)° γ = 99.810(1)°, and Z = 2. Compound 5, C18H34N6Hf·0.5(C7H8), crystallizes i...
Advanced material solutions for plastic gear

There are times when a single resin like POM or PA may not provide the performance needed for advanced gears. The SABIC Innovative Plastics product portfolio is based on a variety of high performance thermoplastic copolymer resins in combination with different internal lubricants and fibre reinforcements. The development of these resins was driven by five criterions, high geometrical accuracy, low noise, low wear, high working temperature > 80 °C and high tooth root stress > 43 MPa. Each of these criterions is evaluated within a continuous process, including new polymer development, gear injection molding trials and gear testing. An overview on the different test rigs used is presented and material performances are compared regarding wear resistance, noise and fatigue.
“Hey! Whatever happened to hemangiopericytoma and fibrosarcoma?” An update on selected conceptual advances in soft tissue pathology which have occurred over the past 50 years

Hemangiopericytoma and fibrosarcoma represented at one time two of the most common diagnoses in soft tissue pathology. Both terms are now largely extinct. This article will review the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic advances that have led to these changes, and review the pathologic features of a select group of soft tissue tumors previously classified as hemangiopericytoma or fibrosarcoma.
Comorbidity is a risk factor for poor quality of life in people with dementia.

Commentary on: Nelis SM, Wu YT, Matthews FE, et al . The impact of co-morbidity on the quality of life of people with dementia: findings from the IDEAL study. Age Ageing 2019;48:361–7. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy155. Dementia is an increasingly common health problem.1 Many individuals live with comorbidities and this is also true of those individuals with dementia. A recent editorial summarised the landscape of dementia and comorbidities through the following points: (1) comorbidities negatively influence QoL; (2) dementia …
In situ SAXS of protein deposits in Alzheimer's disease

Deposits of Aβ peptides (plaques) and tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)) are ubiquitous features of brain tissue in Alzheimer9s disease. Their contribution to disease etiology remains controversial. The molecular-to-nano-scale organization of fibrillar species in these protein aggregates remains uncertain, but may contain clues as to the contributions of these structures to disease. Whether or not all plaques are the same structure, and all tangles are the same, has implications for current hypotheses about polymorphic templated misfolding of their constituent proteins, Aβ and tau. Here we use x-ray microdiffraction in the small-angle regime (SAXS) to probe the molecular organization of these deposits. Using unstained histological sections of human brain tissue, we demonstrate that SAXS can characterize Aβ fibrils and tau filaments in situ. Aβ fibrils have a cross-sectional radius of gyration (Rxc) of ~45 A, and larger (Rxc >150 A) aggregates appear to represent Aβ fibrils that have coalesced side-to-side with one another to create fibrillar bundles or macrofibrillar aggregates. Tau fibrils exhibit an Rxc of ~55 A with little sign of coalescence into larger structure. The in situ mapping of these structures revealed subtle variation in Aβ structure across different brain areas and different cases.
Service Characteristics and Yellow Pages Advertising Effectiveness

Advertising in the Yellow Pages often constitutes an important component of promotional strategy for many small businesses. For some, these directories may be their sole means of advertising. This stud y examines the role of consumer Yellow Pages in the information search patterns of an increasingly important market segment , young adults, for a selected group of ten services. Findings from this stud y suggest that Yellow Pages are more likely to be used as an information source when subjects are searching for certain services than for other services. Furthermore, results indicate that certain characteristics of a service may influence the likelihood of a consumer consulting these directories. Practical implications on how to make the most out of Yellow Pages advertising are discussed .
Emergent General Surgery Operations in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices

BackgroundThe left ventricle assist device (LVAD) patient population is rapidly expanding. Unique characteristics of these patients complicate the management of noncardiac surgical problems. Emerge...
The Influence of Dynamic Response Characteristics of Electronic Current Transformer on Line Differential Protection

With a large number of intelligent substations put into operation, the application of Rogowski coil electronic current transformer is becoming more and more widely. However, in practice, there have been too many power grid accidents caused by its dynamic response characteristics, which lead to protection maloperation. Based on these accidents, this paper expounds the mechanism of generating dynamic additional components of Rogowski coil electronic current transformer and the principle of line differential protection,This paper analyzes the cause of protection misoperation, and builds a power grid model in PSCAD simulation platform to simulate the transmission and transformation of Rogowski coil electronic current transformer when the line is closed without load. By simulating the output results under different parameter structures, the generation mechanism of dynamic additional component is verified, and the suppression measures are found, which proposes the suggestions for preventing protection misoperation.
Embodiment is related to better performance on an immersive brain computer interface in head-mounted virtual reality: A pilot study

Abstract Brain computer interfaces (BCI) can be used to provide individuals with neurofeedback of their own brain activity and train them to learn how to control their brain activity. Neurofeedback-based BCIs used for motor rehabilitation aim to ‘close the loop’ between attempted motor commands and sensory feedback by providing supplemental sensory information when individuals successfully establish specific brain patterns. Existing neurofeedback-based BCIs have used a variety of displays to provide feedback, ranging from devices that provide a more immersive and compelling experience (e.g., head-mounted virtual reality (HMD-VR) or CAVE systems) to devices that are considered less immersive (e.g., computer screens). However, it is not clear whether more immersive systems (i.e., HMD-VR) improve neurofeedback performance compared to computer screens, and whether there are individual performance differences in HMD-VR versus screen-based neurofeedback. In this pilot experiment, we compared neurofeedback performance in HMD-VR versus on a computer screen in twelve healthy individuals. We also examined whether individual differences in presence or embodiment correlated with neurofeedback performance in either environment. Participants were asked to control a virtual right arm by imagining right hand movements. Real-time brain activity indicating motor imagery, which was measured via electroencephalography (EEG) as desynchronized sensorimotor rhythms (SMR; 8-24 Hz) in the left motor cortex, drove the movement of the virtual arm towards (increased SMR desynchronization) or away from (decreased SMR desynchronization) targets. Participants performed two blocks of 30 trials, one for each condition (Screen, HMD-VR), with the order of conditions counterbalanced across participants. After completing each block, participants were asked questions relating to their sense of presence and embodiment in each environment. We found that, while participants’ performance on the neurofeedback-based BCI task was similar between conditions, the participants’ reported levels of embodiment was significantly different between conditions. Specifically, participants experienced higher levels of embodiment in HMD-VR compared to the computer screen. We further found that reported levels of embodiment positively correlated with neurofeedback performance only in the HMD-VR condition. Overall, these preliminary results suggest that embodiment may improve performance on a neurofeedback-based BCI and that HMD-VR may increase embodiment during a neurofeedback-based BCI task compared to a standard computer screen.
Coordinated Multipoint User Scheduling for 5G Cloud Radio Access Network

Next generation 5G networks is expected to utilize the telecom cloud and be comprised of heterogeneous cellular architecture consisting of numerous micro and femto-cells. Making sure the cell edge user service is well served is still an important challenge to address given the heterogeneity of this network. The telecom cloud will consist of virtualized Base Band Units (VBBUs) running as Virtual Machines (VMs) in a datacenter. Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) techniques were developed to solve the cell edge user problem during the 4G-LTE generation and is expected to play a key role in 5G. This paper proposes a CoMP user task scheduling algorithm in a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) where the QoS guarantees of each cell edge user (CoMP region user) are taken into consideration while scheduling traffic flows to cloud resources. The eNodeB selectivity of each user's traffic flow is modelled and its implementation in the cloud is simulated. This allows better utilization of resources by minimizing cost of transmission by communicating with only a selected eNodeBs as opposed to all eNodeBs serving the region. The system performance is measured in terms of execution time and percentage Service Level Agreement (SLA) violation. Our results show that the proposed algorithm shows better performance in terms of SLA violation and throughput. In addition, the proposed CoMP handler scheme outperforms FCFS and Priority CoMP as failures don't occur due to the fact that dedicated computational resource is allocated just for CoMP tasks, thereby reducing processing overhead incurred by the existing eNodeBs VBBUs.
Heritage and Tourism: Alternative Perspectives from South Asia

This paper examines the typical ways in which mass tourism has utilized cultural heritage as a salient asset for development. Tourism has long focused on extraordinary, exotic and grand heritage assets at the expense of ordinary, mundane elements the human past that are part of the everyday lives of ordinary people. The paper argues that there are numerous ways in which ordinary heritage should be researched better in South Asia, how it might be used as a tourism resource, and as a tool for community empowerment. The paper focuses on language, Indigenous minorities, religion, traditional livelihoods, and food as exemplars of ordinary heritage with significant potential for tourism and for heritage protection.
Transnational identity and memory making in the lives of Iraqi women in diaspora: by Nadia Jones-Gailani, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2020, viii+187pp., $48.75 (paperback), ISBN 9781487503161

Nadia Jones-Gailani's Transnational Identity and Memory Making in the Lives of Iraqi Women in Diaspora is an engaging book discussing Iraqi women's negotiations of identity, nation, immigration and...
Evolution of the electroweak structure functions of nucleons

Electroweak scattering of neutrinos with hadronic targets reveal the underlying structure of protons and neutrons. Electroweak structure functions for nucleon targets are reviewed in the context of muon and tau neutrino and antineutrino scattering. Quantum chromodynamic, target mass and quark mass corrections and the regimes where they are relevant are discussed. In future experiments in the Large Hadron Collider forward region at CERN, there are prospects for future measurements for neutrino and antineutrino energies in the 100’s of GeV to TeV energy regime with a large flux of $$\nu _\tau +\overline{\nu }_\tau $$ as well as the electron and muon flavors. At lower energies, DUNE will probe structure functions at the boundary of perturbative and nonperturbative regimes.
Determinants of Households’ Decision to Save at Household Level: Evidence from Small holder Farmers’ of Ambo District, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Saving is an important economic growth to be studied under the purview of the economic arena on an individual as well as household basis. In a country like Ethiopia, the income standard is almost uncertain and leads to more consumption rather than saving which has now been a central problem. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of farmers’ decision to save at household level. Both primary and secondary data source were used for this study during 2018/19. Accordingly, the study was based on the survey of a total of 130 farmers covering three kebeles of Ambo district. Besides, binary logit model was used to analyse the factors affecting households’ decision to save. The results of this study indicated that education level of the household head, income of the household and land holding size had positively and significantly affected households’ decision to save. But distance from microfinance Institution had negatively and significantly affected households’ decision to save in the study area. This study recommends that in order to make micro-economic successful these factors and problems need to be taken into consideration by policy makers to encourage farmers to participate in saving.
Iodine Vapor Reactions with Pure Metal Wires at Temperatures of 100–139 °C in Air

In this study, I2(g) reactions with 11 metal wires (i.e., Al, Ag, Cu, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sn, Ta) were evaluated at three temperatures (i.e., 100 ± 3, 123 ± 4, 139 ± 5 °C) with exposure times o...
Local rates of heat transfer and pressure losses in the vicinity of annular orifices

A study was made of local rates of heat transfer and pressure losses in the vicinity of annular orifices. Various airflow rates and tube-to-orifice clearances were considered. Correlations were obtained for the value of the heat transfer coefficient at the orifice centre and the location and value of the maximum heat transfer coefficient downstream from the orifice. The marked effect of an upstream orifice on the coefficient at a downstream baffle is shown. Orifice pressure drop is correlated with a dimensionless pressure drop function, and results agree with those of previous workers. Une etude a ete entreprise pour determiner les taux de transfert de chaleur et les pertes de charge locales aux abords des orifices annulaires et ce pour divers taux d'ecoulement d'air et orifices annulaires. Des correlations ont ete obtenues pour le coefficient de transfert de chaleur a l'orifice ainsi que pour la localisation et la valeur du coefficient maximum en aval de l'orifice. L'influence d'un orifice amont sur le coefficient d'une chicane aval est demontree. Une relation entre la perte de charge a l'orifice et un nombre sans dimensions est donnee et les resultats sont en accord avec ceux d'autres chercheurs.
Physical clearing mechanisms in power industry

This paper studies the performance of several different physical clearing mechanisms in the electricity market. The study is done using the simulation tool, Marketecture, developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Two cities, Portland and Chicago, are used for simulating the physical clearing algorithms. The algorithms were chosen according to their ability to serve as a proxy for some of the well known policies. Our results show that, based on the economic measures chosen, both cities perform very similarly under the different physical clearing mechanisms.
TAP-D: A model for developing specialization tracks in a graduate software engineering curriculum

Software is pervasive: it exists in many different types of applications and involves a variety of computer technologies. Representative applications that exemplify this diversity include aircraft control, video conferencing, Internet commerce, and computerdbased tutors. There is a corresponding increase in demand for technical professionals with advanced software engineering skills and with expertise in developing specific applications or in applying specific technologies. A graduate curriculum that enables the student to acquire applicationdspecific or technologydspecific knowledge and skills while studying software engineering can help to supply this demand. Some graduate programs include electives that the student can use to specialize in technologydspecific areas. Few programs offer students a systematic way to integrate their software engineering education with their development of applicationdspecific knowledge and skills. This article discusses the TAPdD model for incorporating specialization tracks into a software engineering curriculum. The author discusses how this model was applied to the development of the “RealdTime Specialization Track” in the Master of Software Engineering Program at Carnegie Mellon University.
Posttranslational regulation of keratins: degradation of mouse and human keratins 18 and 8.

Abstract Human keratin 18 (K18) and keratin 8 (K8) and their mouse homologs, Endo B and Endo A, respectively, are expressed in adult mice primarily in a variety of simple epithelial cell types in which they are normally found in equal amounts within the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Expression of K18 alone in mouse L cells or NIH 3T3 fibroblasts from either the gene or a cDNA expression vector results in K18 protein which is degraded relatively rapidly without the formation of filaments. A K8 cDNA containing all coding sequences was isolated and expressed in mouse fibroblasts either singly or in combination with K18. Immunoprecipitation of stably transfected L cells revealed that when K8 was expressed alone, it was degraded in a fashion similar to that seen previously for K18. However, expression of K8 in fibroblasts that also expressed K18 resulted in stabilization of both K18 and K8. Immunofluorescent staining revealed typical keratin filament organization in such cells. Thus, expression of a type I and a type II keratin was found to be both necessary and sufficient for formation of keratin filaments within fibroblasts. To determine whether a similar proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of K18 in fibroblasts also exists in simple epithelial cells which normally express a type I and a type II keratin, a mutant, truncated K18 protein missing the carboxy-terminal tail domain and a conserved region of the central, alpha-helical rod domain was expressed in mouse parietal endodermal cells. This resulted in destabilization of endogenous Endo A and Endo B and inhibition of the formation of typical keratin filament structures. Therefore, cells that normally express keratins contain a proteolytic system similar to that found in experimentally manipulated fibroblasts which degrades keratin proteins not found in their normal polymerized state.