cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of head-to-head trials of approved monoclonal antibodies used in cancer: an overview of the clinical trials agenda.

Since 1997, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the same receptor or its ligand have been approved for use in oncology. However, no studies have summarized head-to-head trials of these mAbs. Systematic search of the biomedical literature and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized studies comparing mAbs targeting the same receptor or its ligand that have been completed and published, completed and unpublished, or ongoing. We extracted trial characteristics including phase, indication, enrollment or target enrollment, randomization, primary endpoint and sponsor. Twenty-two approved cancer mAbs had at least one other approved mAb targeting the same receptor or its ligand, totaling 41 different oncology indications. These include 5 anti-CD20 mAbs, 5 anti-PD1/PDL1 mAbs, 4 anti-HER2 mAbs, 3 anti-EGFR mAbs, 3 anti-VEGF mAbs and 2 anti-IL6/IL6R mAbs. Seventeen were completed and published and 14 were unpublished or ongoing trials. The completed and published trials enrolled 11,373 patients and tested 13 mAbs (13/22, 59%). Additionally, 13 (76%) contained drugs manufactured by the same company and 13 (76%) reached conclusions felt to be favorable to the sponsor. Of the 14 ongoing/completed unpublished trials, there is a total target enrollment of 3404 patients with 9 mAbs tested. Of these, 86% (12/14) are testing mAbs manufactured by the same company and 71% (10/14) are sponsored by the company that made the drug being tested. Most trials test drugs manufactured or sponsored by the same company. An overview of clinical trials agenda may lead to more uniform testing, helping clinicians make better evidence-informed prescribing decisions.
Events of Dissent, Events of the Self

Dissent and protest events are strategies often actualized in public spaces, raising societal issues by creating awareness, by challenging power, and by establishing a collective identity. Who and what is the individual amid these actions and events? This chapter interrogates the emergence of online images, uploaded by individuals to investigate how they convey a liminal confluence of, digital narcissism, memory work, civic or “guerilla” journalism, and surveillance. How images represent liminal space, transforming individual complying citizens to dissident and political actors and the liminality of spectator’s understanding of the issues being raised, is analyzed. The liminality of actors in dissent and protest and the viewers of images means actors and spectators become unintended agents of repression, which is an exemplar of the prevalence of governmentality.
Critical Intercultural Performance Framework: Transnational Hybridity as Performance of Reentries

Although the critical turn in intercultural communication highlights how power dynamics affect one’s conceptualization of cultural identities, it does not consistently call for intersectionality an...
Oligonucleotide conjugates of Eu(III) tetraazamacrocycles with pendent alcohol and amide groups promote sequence-specific RNA cleavage.

Eu(III) complexes of two neutral bifunctional tetraaaza macrocyclic ligands {1-[1-carboxamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl]-4,7,10-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 2-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane} are prepared. Eu(III) complexes of the isothiocyanate derivatives of these macrocycles are treated with oligonucleotides containing 2′-O-propylamine linkers to form conjugates. Hydrolytic cleavage of an oligoribonucleotide is promoted by Eu(III) macrocyclic oligonucleotide conjugates containing complementary (antisense) sequences. Cleavage is not observed in the presence of Eu(III) conjugates containing scrambled sequences nor by free complex. Despite the fact that one of the free macrocyclic complexes is more reactive than the other, the extent of cleavage observed is similar for conjugates containing either Eu(III) macrocyclic complex.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected COVID-19: The Truth Remains Unknown.

A strong association between PE and patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (15.3% overall range 0-35%) has been reported, but the prevalence in ED patients remains unknown. The contribution of traditional risk factors is likewise unclear. While Freund et al. attempted to answer to this question, we have methodologic concerns we feel require attention before emergency physicians proceed as if COVID-19 does not increase risk of PE.
Breaking the symmetry by breaking the ice shell: An impact origin for the south polar terrain of Enceladus

Abstract The origin of the unique south polar terrain on Enceladus is not well understood. Gravity measurements made by Cassini suggest that the ice shell is thinner at the south pole than in the north. Tides are recognized to be the ultimate energy source for the observed thermal anomaly, and are believed to regulate the activity of jets, and movement along the tiger-stripes. However, tides alone are insufficient to explain the observed pattern of heat flow and activity, because the tidal potential is symmetric about the equator and no corresponding thermal anomaly or activity is observed in the north. Tidal heating is highly sensitive to the thickness and the mechanical properties of the ice shell, and the presence of significant lateral variations in the mechanical properties of the ice shell, and in general is stronger when the ice is thinner and weaker. Although the tidal heating might be able to sustain these variations once in place, a non-tidal, physical mechanism is therefore needed to break the tidal symmetry. Here we explore the possibility that a large impact into what is now the SPT could break through the ice shell of Enceladus, and break the hemispheric symmetry as well. We have performed hydrocode simulations of the impacts of icy projectiles into the ice shell of Enceladus, and have modeled the thermal evolution of the ice shell post-impact. We find that an impact capable of forming a crater the size of the present-day south polar terrain could have completely penetrated a 20-km thick ice shell, and would have excavated a cavity extending ~30 km deep in a thicker ice shell. Although the impact does not completely punch through a thicker ice shell, the floor of the crater is extensively fractured, exposing the ocean to space. We find that the impact shock heating will be retained for a few Myr, and that it locally softens the ice to permit more tidal dissipation. The ice shell beneath the impact site thickens over time, but a 1–2 km reduction in topography is retained at the surface.
The future of learning: Teaching industrial and organizational psychology in all modalities

Educators may be planning to use traditional teaching methods that are intended for in-person courses (i e , lecture;midterm/final exam assessments) in an online or hybrid format [ ]faculty should take the time to demonstrate the connection between the objectives and the course materials to students to explain the “why” behind learning, which will likely increase student buy in and increase follower behavior (Leadership;Kath etal , 2021) For each topic, faculty can consider developing courses to include the following pieces to engage students: (a) learning resource (i e , material to facilitate learning including readings, PowerPoint slides, short videos), (b) practice exercise (i e , a nongraded immediate self-assessment that can include pairing key terms with definitions, multiple choice, fill in the blank), (c) interaction activity (i e , an opportunity to connect with peers in the form of discussion posts, team projects), (d) application assessment (i e , any assignment that explicitly allows direct application of course materials, such as the job analysis project), and (e) review (i e , an assessment that allows a knowledge check of material, which can include a reflection question or multiple choice quiz) Given that verbal and immediate feedback look different in an online course, a detailed rubric that outlines the criteria and anchored ratings (e g , exemplary, competent, needs improvement, and unsatisfactory) is often used to assess deliverables, which supports students with a strong performance orientation (Training & Development;Kath etal , 2021)
Assessment and Treatment of Concussion in the Pediatric Population.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in children. The evaluation and management of children with TBI is based on the research performed in adults. There is a relative paucity of research in the literature involving children and many of the practice recommendations for this age are based on expert opinion in the absence of good research studies in both sports and non–sports-related injuries. The pediatric population is heterogeneous and the approach might be specific for infants, preschoolers, school age children, and adolescents. Children may also suffer from neurodevelopmental disabilities, making their evaluation even more challenging. Adult neurologists are often asked to see children due to increasing demands. This review will focus on specific issues related to TBI in children that might be useful to adult neurologists. Science, however, is evolving rapidly and physicians should make sure to remain up to date to offer evidence-based services to their patients.
Ethics Training Approaches in Accountants’ Continuing Professional Education

Accountants perform a critical social function of engendering public trust in corporate reporting. As such, ethical misconduct committed by accountants tends to have a broader impact. Mandated continuing ethics education underscores the import of accountants’ ethical behavior; however, there exists uncertainty as to how best to conduct ethics education so that it enhances ethical capability. Our research evaluates the effectiveness of two ethics training approaches adopted in accounting continuing professional education workshops. Results indicate participants who underwent the action-oriented training are significantly more likely to refuse to concede to the client in a questionable and pressured setting than individuals who participated in the traditional training. As far as we are aware, this is the first study that compares two pedagogical approaches to ethics education in continuing professional education, the primary mechanism the profession uses to enhance ethical action.
The Multiple Paths to Multiple Life

We argue for multiple forms of life realized through multiple different historical pathways. From this perspective, there have been multiple origins of life on Earth—life is not a universal homology. By broadening the class of originations, we significantly expand the data set for searching for life. Through a computational analogy, the origin of life describes both the origin of hardware (physical substrate) and software (evolved function). Like all information-processing systems, adaptive systems possess a nested hierarchy of levels, a level of function optimization (e.g., fitness maximization), a level of constraints (e.g., energy requirements), and a level of materials (e.g., DNA or RNA genome and cells). The functions essential to life are realized by different substrates with different efficiencies. The functional level allows us to identify multiple origins of life by searching for key principles of optimization in different material form, including the prebiotic origin of proto-cells, the emergence of culture, economic, and legal institutions, and the reproduction of software agents.
Earthquake Hazard Mitigation: New Directions and Opportunities

Seismic hazard mitigation encompasses a suite of approaches to reduce the impact of earthquakes on our society. Since the development of earthquake seismology and earthquake engineering at the beginning of the twentieth century, the probability that any one person dies in an earthquake has been reduced by a factor of 3. This is at least in part a testament to the contributions of the field. Yet, the number of earthquake fatalities continues to grow. The likelihood of being killed in an earthquake has tracked population growth in some regions, and the dollar costs of earthquakes are escalating everywhere. In this chapter, we explore global seismic hazard, risk, and effective mitigation strategies to reduce them. Earthquake prediction, while often seen as a solution by the general public, does not represent a practical mitigation tool. In the category of long-term mitigation techniques, earthquake-resistant buildings have been most effective in the past. While design has largely been reactive to the successes and failures of the most recent earthquakes in the past, new simulation techniques for the earthquake process and the response of buildings now allow testing of future buildings in future earthquakes. Having successfully developed designs to prevent earthquake fatalities, the engineering community is now looking to reduce the economic impacts as well. Short-term mitigation involves rapid earthquake information systems. These systems have been developed over the last few decades to provide detailed information about earthquake shaking in the minutes following an event. Today, dense seismic networks with rapid telemetry and new approaches to hazard assessment are being integrated with the goal of supplying earthquake hazard information ever more rapidly, even before the ground shaking. Such warnings can be used to further reduce the impacts of earthquakes around the world.
Methods and the Middle: Elementary and Secondary Preservice Teachers’ Views on Their Preparation for Teaching Middle School Social Studies

AbstractThe majority of middle school teachers are prepared in either generalist elementary programs or subject- specific secondary programs, yet researchers and teacher educators have little understanding of the ways in which these divergent pathways prepare teachers for working at the middle school level. In this study, preservice teachers from an elementary and a secondary preparation program were interviewed about their conceptions of teaching social studies at the middle school level. The results indicated that the social studies methods course in each pathway strongly influenced the preservice teachers’ ideas about pedagogical strategies for teaching social studies, but did little to facilitate the preservice teachers’ understanding of teaching young adolescents. These findings draw attention to the need for more research and teacher education focused on teaching at the middle school level.
Foundational Best Practices for Online Sexuality Education

An increasing number of colleges and universities are moving toward online education (Allen & Seaman, 2011; Farnsworth & Bevis, 2006). While there are reservations about the effectiveness of teaching sexuality education online, it is essential that formally trained sexuality educators participate proactively in this paradigm shift. By embracing these opportunities, sexuality educators are able to reach students who may otherwise not have the opportunity or desire to participate in formal sexuality education. Based largely on the experiences of the authors, this article presents a foundational framework of best practices for teaching human sexuality courses online at the college and university level and offers concrete strategies for those developing online sexuality curricula.
Patterns of RFLP-based genetic diversity in germplasm pools of common wheat with different geographical or breeding program origins

A set of 292 accessions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) representing 21 germplasm pools based on geographical or breeding program origins was assayed for RFLP diversity. Thirty cDNA and genomic DNA probes and the HindIII restriction enzyme were employed for RFLP analysis. About 61% of all 233 scored bands were present in 75% or more of the accessions. All but one of the 30 probes revealed polymorphism, and the average number of distinct patterns per probe over all accessions was 9.5.Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values within a pool varied from 0 to 0.9 and depended on the identities of both the germplasm pool and the probe. Rare banding patterns with a relative frequency of ≤0.2 within a pool were detected. These rare patterns were more likely to occur in pools exhibiting high levels of heterogeneity. The highest level of polymorphism was observed in the Turkish landraces from Southwest Asia. The Eastern U.S. soft red winter wheat germplasm pool was more genetically diverse than the other advanced germplasm pools, and nearly as diverse as the Turkish landrace pool. RFLP-based genetic relationships between germplasm pools generally tracked expectations based on common geographical origin, breeding history and/or shared parentages. The Chinese wheat landraces from Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan provinces were distinct from other pools. Similarity matrices for among-pool genetic distance estimates based on either band frequencies or banding pattern frequencies showed good correlation with matrices derived from Nei and Li's mean genetic similarity estimates (r=−0.82** and r=−0.73**, respectively.
An introduction to the philosophy of psychology

Psychology aims to give us a scientific account of how the mind works. But what does it mean to have a science of the mental, and what sort of picture of the mind emerges from our best psychological theories? This book addresses these philosophical puzzles in a way that is accessible to readers with little or no background in psychology or neuroscience. Using clear and detailed case studies and drawing on up-to-date empirical research, it examines perception and action, the link between attention and consciousness, the modularity of mind, how we understand other minds, and the influence of language on thought, as well as the relationship between mind, brain, body, and world. The result is an integrated and comprehensive overview of much of the architecture of the mind, which will be valuable for both students and specialists in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science.
Retroviral and Pseudogene Insertion Sites Reveal the Lineage of Human Salivary and Pancreatic Amylase Genes from a Single Gene during Primate Evolution

Abstract We have analyzed the junction regions of inserted elements within the human amylase gene complex. This complex contains five genes which are expressed at high levels either in the pancreas or in the parotid gland. The proximal 5'-flanking regions of these genes contain two inserted elements. A gamma-actin pseudogene is located at a position 200 base pairs upstream of the first coding exon. All of the amylase genes contain this insert. The subsequent insertion of an endogenous retrovirus interrupted the gamma-actin pseudogene within its 3'-untranslated region. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the inserted elements associated with each of the five human amylase genes has revealed a series of molecular events during the recent history of this gene family. The data indicate that the entire gene family was generated during primate evolution from one ancestral gene copy and that the retroviral insertion activated a cryptic promoter.
Scaling a global file system to the greatest possible extent, performance, capacity, and number of users

We investigate here, both theoretically and by demonstration, scaling file storage to the very widest possible extents. We use IBM's GPFS file system, with extensions developed by the San Diego Supercomputer Center in collaboration with IBM. Geographically, the file system extends across the United States, including Pittsburgh, Illinois, and San Diego, California, with the TeraGrid 40 Gb/s backbone providing the wide area network connectivity. We show the results from two demonstrations, at each of the past two supercomputing conferences, SC03 in Phoenix, Arizona, and SC04 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The second demonstration was purposely designed to presage an intended production facility across the National Science Foundation's TeraGrid.
Dingwell, Head Receive 2013 N. L. Bowen Award: Response

Thank you, Lionel, for your kind words. N. L. Bowen has been an inspiration to me since the first geology course that I took as an incoming freshman at Washington and Lee University. I had to take a science course for distribution requirements, and I discovered geology, where the laboratories were often outdoors and the Earth was your laboratory and inspiration! Geology seemed perfect for me: I could combine my love of the outdoors with an insatiable curiosity about what made things work. I was quickly overwhelmed, however, by the beauty and extreme diversity of rocks and minerals, so much so that it was beginning to seem like yet another foreign language to me. Then one day we discussed N. L. Bowen's reaction series, and it all immediately started to make sense to me. This inspired in me a “systems approach” to understanding complex geologic processes and problems. It also compelled me to try to quantify all of the observations that contributed to understanding geological processes.
Integrated Automotive Electrontc Systems

The Evolution Of Electronics On The Automobile Has Been Slow And Frustrating For Both Automobile Engineers And The Electronic Manufacturers. This Presentation Discusses In Detail The Reasons For Con Sidering Sophisticated Electronics On The Automobile. Parallels Will Be Drawn To The Evolution Of Similar Technology In Other Sectors Of Business And Compari Sons Made To Determine The Reasons For The Slow Growth On The Automobile. Finally, This Presentation Will Look At Future Trends Covering How And Why The Electronics Technology Will Evolve In The Automobile Industry.
Evaluating digital libraries: A sociotechical approach

The National Science Digital Library (NSDL: http://www.nsdl.org) is an NSF-funded program that supports the creation and dissemination of digital educational resources for all levels of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. NSDL is conducting a program-wide evaluation of all its activities since the program's inception in 2000, with the aim of inventorying achievements to date, and identifying directions for future development. The scale, complexity and distributed nature of the NSDL program pose significant challenges for this evaluation work. This poster outlines a sociotechnical theoretical framework, the ‘resource lifecycle,’ that is being used to guide the evaluation of the NSDL program, and to represent evaluation findings to internal community members and to external partners such as NSF. The poster describes the theoretical underpinnings of the model and outlines some of the early evaluation results obtained from using the framework.
Embedding complete binary trees into hypercubes

The object is to embed complete binary trees into hypercubes such that every edge in the tree is mapped to an edge in the hypercube.
Reference-State Density Functional Theory

Many theoretical methods for N-electron systems use a reference state whose electronic density in general differs from that of the associated eigenstate. In contrast, the density functional theory of Kohn and Sham postulates a model reference system for which these two densities are identical. An alternative postulate, requiring the reference state to have maximum projection on the true wave function (the Brueckner−Brenig construction), is shown here to provide a theory in which the ground-state energy is a functional of the reference-state density. This revised formalism makes it possible to identify elements of the theory with specific formulas and concepts of formal many-body theory. In particular, the one-electron wave functions are in one-to-one correspondence with physical quasiparticles of a generalized Fermi-liquid theory, and the one-electron energies are Landau quasiparticle energies.
Poly(alkylene oxide) ionomers. X. Copolymerization of methyl ω‐epoxyalkanoates and characterization of the polymers

Polymerisation de ces composes lineaires de C-3 a C-10 acides carboxyliques ( 0 a 7 groupes methylene entre le cycle oxiranne et le groupe carbomethoxy) avec un systeme amorceur triethylaluminium/eau/acetylacetone pour donner des polymeres de masse moleculaire elevee, apparemment via un mecanisme de coordination anionique. Caracterisation des polymeres par IR, RMN du carbone 13, DSC, GPC et Viscosite intrinseque
A predictor for success in an introductory programming class based upon abstract reasoning development

The purpose of this study was to create and validate a tool which could be administered to students enrolled in or considering enrollment in an introductory programming course to predict success in the course or alternatively to segregate enrolled students into fast and slow paced sections. Previous work which met the criteria of a self contained predictive tool included the work of Barry Kurtz [5] of the University of California, Irvine using abstract reasoning development as the predictive measure. The test Kurtz developed had been tested only on a small sample (23 students) in a controlled environment (one instructor - the researcher) and the test required up to 80 minutes to complete.This study modified the Kurtz test to require 40 minutes and administered it to 353 students learning two different languages from a variety of instructors. This predictor successfully predicted the advanced students from average to below average students. When used in conjunction with other known factors, e. g., GPA, the authors feel it is a viable tool for advising and placement purposes.
A Statistical Evaluation of Multiplicative Congruential Random Number Generators with Modulus 231 — 1

Abstract This article presents the results of empirically testing 16 alternative multipliers for a multiplicative congruential random number generator with modulus 231 — 1. Two of the multipliers are in common use, six are the best of 50 candidate multipliers according to the theoretical spectral and lattice tests, and eight are the worst, with regard to 2-tuples, among the 50. The test results raise serious doubts about several of the multipliers, including one in common use. The tests were also applied to a well-known theoretically poor generator, RANDU, and gave strong empirical evidence of its inadequacy. Since comparison of the results of the First eight multipliers with those for the eight worst multipliers failed to show any apparent gross differences, one may want to relax the currently employed stringent criteria for acceptable performance on the lattice and spectral tests.
An adaptable luminescence resonance energy transfer assay for measuring and screening protein-protein interactions and their inhibition.

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are central to biological processes and represent an important class of therapeutic targets. Here we show that the interaction between FK506-binding protein 12 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP-FKBP) and the rapamycin-binding domain of mTor fused to Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (FRB-eDHFR) can be sensitively detected (signal-to-background ratio (S/B)>100) and accurately quantified within an impure cell lysate matrix using a luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) assay. Ascomycin-mediated inhibition of GFP-FKBP–rapamycin–FRB-eDHFR complex formation was also detected at high S/B ratio (>80) and Z′-factor (0.89). The method leverages the selective, stable binding of trimethoprim (TMP)-terbium complex conjugates to eDHFR, and time-resolved, background-free detection of the long-lifetime (∼ms) terbium-to-GFP LRET signal that indicates target binding. TMP–eDHFR labeling can be adapted to develop high-throughput screening assays and complementary, quantitative counter-screens for a wide variety of PPI targets with a broad range of affinities that may not be amenable to purification.
Fracture of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites : Effects of lamination on resistance-curve behavior

The fracture toughness and resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites have been studied in the crack-divider orientation, by examining the effect of ductile-laminate-layer thickness and volume fraction. The MIL composites were fabricated in open air by a novel one-step process, and the final structure consists of alternating layers of ductile Ti and brittle Al3Ti. Such a laminate architecture in conjunction with a relatively low volume fraction of tougher Ti (18 to 40 pct) was seen to augment the fracture toughness of the inherently brittle intermetallic by over an order of magnitude. Additionally, as a result of their low density, MIL composites exhibit a specific fracture toughness (K/ρ) on par with tougher but relatively denser ductile metals such as high-strength steel. Such vast improvements may be rationalized through the toughening provided by the ductile Ti layers. Specifically, toughening was obtained through plastically stretching the intact ductile Ti layers that formed bridging zones in the crack wake, thus reducing the crack driving force. Such toughening resulted in R-curve behavior, and the toughness values increased with an increase in the volume percentage of Ti. Weight-function methods were used to model the bridging behavior, and they indicated that large bridging zones (∼2 to 3 mm) were responsible for the observed increase in toughness. The role of large-scale bridging (LSB) conditions on the resistance curves is explored, and steady-state toughness (K SS ) values are estimated using small-scale bridging (SSB) approximations. A new approach to gage the potential of laminate composites in terms of their true fracture-toughness values as determined from a cyclic crack-growth fatigue test is proposed, wherein small-scale specimens can be utilized to obtain fracture-toughness values.
A latent class analysis of nicotine-dependence criteria and use of alternate tobacco.

Objective: Prior latent class analyses have identified subgroups of smokers that vary by the severity and individual symptoms of nicotine dependence. These analyses have not accounted for the use of alternate tobacco, which is most prevalent among current cigarette smokers. The objective of this study was to determine whether smokers who frequently use other forms of tobacco constitute a latent class characteristic of nicotine-dependence symptoms. Method: Current cigarette smokers (N = 4,517), who had a lifetime history of daily smoking, were selected from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A latent class model was based on 10 indicators, which included 6 items from the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and 4 measures of the past-month use of tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, bidis). Covariates included demographic, psychosocial, smoking-related characteristics, and the use of other substances. Results: One of the five estimated latent classes, w...
A cost-effective plasmid purification protocol suitable for fluorescent automated DNA sequencing

A cost-effective, reliable, and reproducible method has been developed to produce good-quality, double-stranded plasmid DNA for automated sequence analysis. The method incorporates modifications to a previously described plasmid-purification protocol used in manual sequencing. The quality of the DNA produced from the present protocol is suitable for automated fluorescent sequencing. Using a dye-terminator sequencing protocol, most runs using plasmid DNA prepared using this protocol produced over 700 bases with greater than 99% base-calling accuracy.
Some Genetic Parameters Involving Poststress Performance Traits in Chickens

Genetic parameters of several economic traits associated with an 18 week period of poststress egg production were estimated in a randombred population of 1800 White Leghorn hens. Genetic correlations among 6 of 11 traits associated with poststress egg production were different (P less than .05) between the control and stress groups. Earlier maturing birds recovered from stress sooner than later maturing birds and had higher egg production. Early egg production (20 to 40 weeks of age) was a better indicator of poststress egg production (55 to 73 weeks of age) in the stress group than in the control group. Rate of lay from the 9th to the 18th week after stress was higher in the stress group, but overall poststress rate of lay was higher in the control group.
Ultra high energy density and fast discharge nanocomposite capacitors

Nanocomposites containing high dielectric permittivity ceramics embedded in high breakdown strength polymers are currently of considerable interest as a solution for the development of high energy density capacitors. However, the improvement of dielectric permittivity comes at expense of the breakdown strength leading to limit the final energy density. Here, an ultra-high energy density nanocomposite was fabricated based on high aspect ratio barium strontium titanate nanowires. The pyroelectric phase Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3 was chosen for the nanowires combined with quenched PVDF to fabricate high energy density nanocomposite. The energy density with 7.5% Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3 nanowires reached 14.86 J/cc at 450 MV/m, which represented a 42.9% increase in comparison to the PVDF with an energy density of 10.4 J/cc at the same electric field. The capacitors have 1138% greater than higher energy density than commercial biaxial oriented polypropylene capacitors (1.2 J/cc at 640). These results demonstrate that the high aspect ratio nanowires can be used to produce nanocomposite capacitors with greater performance than the neat polymers thus providing a novel process for the development of future pulsed-power capacitors.
Simulation of boundary layer trajectory dispersion sensitivity to soil moisture conditions: MM5 and Noah-based investigation

Abstract In this study, the sensitivity of trajectory paths to anomalous soil moisture was analyzed during three different synoptic episodes in June 2006. The MM5 and Noah land surface models were used to simulate the response of the planetary boundary layer. The HYSPLIT model was used for trajectory analysis. It was found that the response in horizontal lower-level wind field was larger at regions where vertical wind velocity changes were also large. In addition, the sensitivity to soil moisture changes was significant and localized where convective activity was well developed and synoptic effects did not dominate. A non-local effect was felt over the rest of the domain where convection was not present since the model atmosphere reacted as a whole to compensate for induced changes in vertical velocity. This finding was supported by the fact that domain averaged vertical velocities changes were of the order of 0.2 cm s−1 or less at about 650 hPa and about 200 times smaller than modeled local vertical velocity changes. The largest change in horizontal wind field near the surface was found for weak synoptic events on June 11–12 and June 22–23 while the stronger synoptic event of June 17–18 showed smaller differences. These changes in wind field conditions impacted the transport and dispersion of pollutants. To quantify the sensitivity of air quality estimates to soil moisture uncertainty, we have used three well known measures of trajectory differences: the absolute horizontal transport deviation (AHTD), the relative horizontal transport deviation (RHTD) and the absolute vertical transport deviation (AVTD) for an ensemble of 98 trajectories departing from a region well within the computational domain. For the June 11–12 event it was found that for wet and dry soil moisture experiments, AHTD, RHTD, and AVGTD can reach values in the range 60–100 km, 10–20% and 500–900 m at 24 h run time, respectively. For the June 17–18 and June 22–23 events these values of trajectory differences were reduced more than half. These differences in behavior between time periods are largely attributed to the combined effects of synoptic forcing and the sensitivity of planetary boundary layer to soil moisture changes during well developed convection. The implication for air quality studies is that the soil moisture anomaly and related uncertainty in planetary boundary layer response needs to be incorporated in order to construct an ensemble of the most probable scenarios in which pollutants are released and transported throughout a given target region.
Inactivation and Activation of Liver Phosphorylase

THE level of phosphorylase in liver slices represents a balance between inactivation and resynthesis of the active form; epinephrine and glucagon rapidly increase the amount of active phosphorylase in pre-incubated liver slices1,2. In order to study the nature of the change in the phosphorylase molecule, liver phosphorylase and the enzyme inactivating it from dog liver have been prepared in purified form. The liver phosphorylase was purified approximately 400-fold, a value higher than previously reported3; this purified enzyme was very soluble in water and when inactivated enzymatically showed little or no activity when tested in the presence of adenylic acid. The inactivating enzyme from dog liver was also purified about 400-fold, and this purified enzyme was sufficiently active for microgram quantities to be used in most experiments. Preliminary tests using several proteins as possible substrates have revealed no proteolytic activity.
Computer role-playing games as a vehicle for teaching history, culture, and language

Computer role-playing games can provide a suitable vehicle for the teaching of certain subjects in a manner which can be engaging and immersive to students. In this paper, we describe our experiences developing such a game in a game design course at the University of Hawaii's Academy for Creative Media. The game in question, Ohana, was designed and developed over a number of semesters by students of the Narrative Game Design and Computer Game Production courses as well as a number of subject matter advisors who provided their talents and expertise to the project. The one-line pitch for the game was "a small, single-player World of Warcraft, set in a pre-contact Hawaiian village."
Additional Observations Relating to the Legal Significance of Psalm ciii 12

Distinctions in morpho-syntax and meaning between Ps. ciii 12 and the Aramaic quittance formulae must be taken into account, in order to avoid a misappropriation of Mr. Gregory's observations. Legally speaking, the psalm presents God as one who grants pardon for sin, but He cannot be shown to have actually relinquished the grounds for litigation.
A Test of Minitab's Pseudorandom-Number Generator

Stlmmary.-The reliability of Minitab's pseudorandom-number generator was investigated. Minicab, an interactive statistical computer package, allows the user a variety of statistical tests and analyses. Standard tests of randomness were performed; results indicated that numbers generated by Minitab are suitably random for use in business or educational settings. Employing several tests for randomness (Gruenberger & Jaffray, 1965 ), Strube ( 1983) has indicated that the psuedorandom-number generator of the Commodore VIC-20 microcomputer system produces suitably random sequences of numbers. The importance of this result is indicated by the widespread availability of similar computer systems in business and educational settings. Knowing, for instance, that generated number sequences are random increases users' confidence with respect to a wide variety of teaching and research applications. Alchough Strube performed his analysis on a microcomputer system, several statistical computer packages also provide pseudorandom-number-generation capabilities. Minitab (Ryan, Joiner, & Ryan, 1985) is one such package. Minitab is an interactive computer statistical package, providing the user with a variety of statistical tests and analyses, e.g., analysis of variance, regression, time series. One feature of the Minitab system is its pseudorandomnumber generator. Given Minitab's potential usage, eight tests of randomness were performed and were those used by Gruenberger and Jaffray ( 1965), Lapin ( 1980), and Strube (1983).
Transactions costs and portfolio choice in a discrete-continuous-time setting

Abstract This paper makes the following observation concerning a new formulation of the consumption and portfolio choice model of Merton (1971), with transaction costs. Suppose an investor observes his or her current wealth only when making a transaction, that transactions are costly, and that decisions to transact can be made at any time based on all current information. If, at each transaction, the agent is charged a fixed fraction of current portfolio value, an optimal policy exists and the optimal interval of time between transactions is fixed, independent of time and current wealth.
Political Institutions and Economic Performance: The Effects of Accountability and Obstacles to Policy Change

Numerous analyses have been conducted on how political institutions affect economic performance. In recent years the emphasis has been on a causal logic that emphasizes institutional obstacles to policy change, such as those presented by multiple veto points. This has especially been the case when it comes to the important question of how political institutions influence governments' responses to exogenous economic shocks. We make the case for a substantial broadening of focus and show that when it comes to a major type of exogenous shock, a forced exchange-rate devaluation, variations in the breadth of accountability of the chief executive are more robustly associated with the post-shock growth recovery than variations in obstacles to policy change. We first argue that the size of the winning coalition will be positively associated with growth recoveries following forced devaluations. We then use a newly developed measure of the size of the winning coalition to test our claim. Our statistical analysis is based on a study of the responses of 44 countries to forced exchange-rate devaluations in the late 1990s.
Topic segmentation with shared topic detection and alignment of multiple documents

Topic detection and tracking and topic segmentation play an important role in capturing the local and sequential information of documents. Previous work in this area usually focuses on single documents, although similar multiple documents are available in many domains. In this paper, we introduce a novel unsupervised method for shared topic detection and topic segmentation of multiple similar documents based on mutual information (MI) and weighted mutual information (WMI) that is a combination of MI and term weights. The basic idea is that the optimal segmentation maximizes MI (or WMI). Our approach can detect shared topics among documents. It can find the optimal boundaries in a document, and align segments among documents at the same time. It also can handle single-document segmentation as a special case of the multi-document segmentation and alignment. Our methods can identify and strengthen cue terms that can be used for segmentation and partially remove stop words by using term weights based on entropy learned from multiple documents. Our experimental results show that our algorithm works well for the tasks of single-document segmentation, shared topic detection, and multi-document segmentation. Utilizing information from multiple documents can tremendously improve the performance of topic segmentation, and using WMI is even better than using MI for the multi-document segmentation.
Battle on the Gender Homefront: Depictions of the American Civil War in Contemporary Young-Adult Literature

The American Civil War has been a popular topic for young-adult writers for years, with new books now being written from young women’s perspectives. In this paper, I will examine the gender ideologies that infiltrate contemporary Civil War books for young adults. I will examine four recent young-adult Civil-War novels: G. Clifton Wisler’s Mr. Lincoln’s Drummer (1995); Maureen Stack Sappey’s Letters from Vinnie (1999); Jim Murphy’s The Journal of James Edmond Pease: A Civil War Union Soldier (1998); and Karen Hesse’s A Light in the Storm: The Civil War Diary of Amelia Martin (1999). I will argue that in these books young women are often shown to be disengaged and apolitical, while their male counterparts use language in powerful and political ways, even despite the historical record.
Determination of the Atomic Structure, Mechanisms and Kinetics of Precipitate Growth in Solids by In Situ Hot-Stage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy

In situ hot-stage high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) provides unique capabilities for determining the mechanisms and kinetics of interface motion in solids at the atomic level. Such information is critical for understanding the theory of interfaces and solid-state phase transformations. This paper provides a brief description of particular requirements for performing in situ hot-stage HRTEM, indicates different types of transformations that are amenable to investigation by in situ HRTEM, and then illustrates the use of this technique to obtain quantitative data about the atomic mechanisms and kinetics of interface motion during growth of plate-shaped 111 θ precipitates in an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy. The main limitations of in situ hot-stage HRTEM studies and future prospects of this technique are also discussed.
Fracture in one dimension

The position- and time-dependent statistical probability for fracture of a one-dimensional string of Lennard-Jones atoms has been evaluated as a function of the temperature, tension, and length. A surprising exponential dependence of the fracture-site probability with distance from a string end is observed.
Bilateral multifocal retinal arteriolar sheathing as the only ocular finding in hereditary amyloidosis

Purpose: To report the early ocular findings in hereditary amyloidosis. Method: Case report of a visually asymptomatic, 52-year-old Mexican man with systemic manifestations of amyloidosis (peripheral neuropathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy), with a positive family history, and with amyloid on an endomyocardial biopsy specimen, who had bilateral multifocal sheathing or cuffing of the peripheral retinal arterioles. Results: An extensive evaluation for retinal vasculitis was discontinued when hereditary amyloidosis was diagnosed. Conclusion: Focal retinal periarteriolar plaques of amyloid may be the earliest and only ocular finding of hereditary amyloidosis.
A theory of anticipated utility

Abstract A new theory of cardinal utility, with an associated set of axioms, is presented. It is a generalization of the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory, which permits the analysis of phenomena associated with the distortion of subjective probability.
Computational Investigation of the Evolution of Intermetallic Compounds Affected by Microvoids During the Solid-State Aging Process in the Cu-Sn System

In this work, the impact of microvoids on the microstructural evolution of η-Cu6Sn5 and ɛ-Cu3Sn in the Cu-Sn system is evaluated numerically. Through the use of the multiphase-field method, the systems of interest are allowed to evolve using a solid-state aging temperature of 453 K in conjunction with material parameters and reaction conditions adopted from previous research. The simulation results are then analyzed and compared with previous experiments in terms of the morphological evolution of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs), the IMC layer thicknesses, and the corresponding interfacial roughness. It is shown that the presence of microvoids at the ɛ/Cu interface interferes with the flow of mass throughout the phases, impeding phase transformations and grain coarsening. This ultimately affects the IMC coarsening rate and overall IMC layer thicknesses. Additionally, it was observed that the presence of microvoids at the ɛ/Cu interface affects the formation of both IMC layers and their corresponding interfaces, and the changes in roughness for the interfaces are quantitatively provided. Overall, the simulations are found to be within the range of accepted experimental values for the morphology of the IMC grains, the evolution of IMC layer thicknesses, and the evolution of interface roughness.