cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of soil and stem base heating on survival, resprouting and gas exchange of Acer and Quercus seedlings

Acer rubrum L., A. saccharum Marsh., Quercus alba L. and Q. rubra L. seedlings subjected to soil and stem base heat treatments showed rapid declines in rates of transpiration and photosynthesis. Reductions in photosynthetic rate were partly attributable to mesophyll inhibition. Quercus seedlings were less able to maintain transpiration and photosynthesis after heat treatment than Acer seedlings. Declines in rates of transpiration and photosynthesis of Quercus seedlings were observed 1 h after heat treatment and became more pronounced over time. In contrast, rates of transpiration and photosynthesis of Acer seedlings initially declined in response to heat treatment, partially recovered after one or two days, but then declined again six to eight days after the heat treatment. Observed changes in leaf water potential after heating were small, suggesting that hydraulic factors were not the primary signal eliciting the gas exchange response to soil and stem heating. Ultimately, the heat treatments caused stem die-back of most seedlings. For all species, seedlings that resprouted had a greater chance of surviving heat stress than seedlings that did not resprout. Despite the rapid loss of photosynthetic capacity in response to heat treatment in Quercus seedlings, survival was higher in Quercus seedlings than in Acer seedlings, and was associated with a greater capacity for resprouting. We suggest that the reduced allocation of resources toward recovery of photosynthesis in existing Quercus stems after heat stress is a physiological mechanism that facilitates resprouting and hence survival of Quercus seedlings after fire.
Can injection tests reveal the potential for fault movements

The role of fluids in faulting mechanism and triggering earthquakes is widely accepted. The effective-stress law is the basis for the postulated theories. Using a generalized version of this law, applicable to both continuum and discontinuities, hydromechanical behaviour of a horizontal fracture in a hypothetical fluid-injection problem is investigated. In this problem the increasing intake flow rates, unpredictable by the traditional fluid-flow solutions, brings out another significant aspect of the role of the fluid pressure in rocks. By reducing the magnitude of the compressive effective stresses the fluid pressure causes elastic recovery in fractures. Simple rheologic models are used to demonstrate this fact. Such effects may lead to permeability increases in the rock mass, depending on the magnitude of the fluid pressure. Such variations in permeability, however, are governed by the path dependency of the fracture-deformation response. Therefore, a significant increase in permeability is an indication of comparability of the state of stress and the applied fluid pressure. This index may reveal the potential of hydroactivation of faults, as may arise in the regions of dam reservoirs, underground waste injections, and known faults, for certain ranges of working pressures relevant to each of the above-cited situations. Fluid-injection tests under constant working pressures are suggested as a means revealing the likelihood of movement on the faults.
MORPHOMETRY OF ORCHID SEEDS. II. NATIVE CALIFORNIA AND RELATED SPECIES OF CALYPSO, CEPHALANTHERA, CORALLORHIZA AND EPIPACTIS

A study of Calypso, Cephalanthera, Corallorhiza and Epipactis seeds suggests that morphometric analysis can be useful as a taxonomic tool and an indicator of developmental patterns. ORCHID SEEDS vary considerably in size, morphology, structure, color and fine details (Arditti, 1967, 1979; Arditti, Michaud, and Healey, 1979; Barthlott, 1976; Beer, 1863; Senghas et al., 1974). These characteristics are indicative of developmental patterns, can be of taxonomic value and are part of our studies of California and related orchid species.
The inhibitor protein of phosphorylated nitrate reductase from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves is a 14-3-3 protein

The inhibitor protein (IP) that inactivates spinach leaf NADH:nitrate reductase (NR) has been identified for the first time as a member of the eukaryotic 14-3-3 protein family based on three lines of evidence. First, the sequence of an eight amino acid tryptic peptide, obtained from immunopurified IP, matched that of a highly conserved region of the 14-3-3 proteins. Second, an authentic member of the 14-3-3 family, recombinant Arabidopsis GF14ω, caused inactivation of phospho-NR in a magnesium-dependent manner identical to IP. Third, an anti-GF14 monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with IP and anti-IP monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted with GF14ω.
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering: Biomechanics and Bioelectricity - Part I

Intended as an introduction to the field of biomedical engineering, this book covers the topics of biomechanics (Part I) and bioelectricity (Part II). Each chapter emphasizes a fundamental principle or law, such as Darcy's Law, Poiseuille's Law, Hooke's Law, Starling's Law, levers, and work in the area of fluid, solid, and cardiovascular biomechanics. In addition, electrical laws and analysis tools are introduced, including Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, Coulomb's Law, capacitors, and the fluid/electrical analogy. Culminating the electrical portion are chapters covering Nernst and membrane potentials and Fourier transforms. Examples are solved throughout the book and problems with answers are given at the end of each chapter. A semester-long Major Project that models the human systemic cardiovascular system, utilizing both a Matlab numerical simulation and an electrical analog circuit, ties many of the book's concepts together.
Fission cross sections up to 20 MeV/nucleon

Fission cross sections have been measured for the following reactions: /sup 12/C(at E/sub b/ = 95, 122, 186, 245, and 291 MeV) on /sup 174/Yb, /sup 198/Pt, and /sup 238/U; /sup 16/O (at E/sub b/ = 140, 175, 216, 250, and 315 MeV) on /sup 142/Nd, /sup 170/Er, /sup 192/Os, and /sup 238/U; /sup 32/S (at E/sub b/ = 350, 500, and 700 MeV) on /sup 126/Te, /sup 144/Nd, and /sup 238/U; and /sup 58/Ni (at E/sub b/ = 352 and 875 MeV) on /sup 96/Zr, /sup 116/Cd, and /sup 238/U. We find that use of statistical model calculations with the Bass heavy-ion potential, which fit the data below 10 MeV/nucleon, do not fit fission cross sections at higher energies. Invoking dynamical limitations to fusion such as ''extra-push'' model calculations improves the fit to most of the data. For /sup 12/C and /sup 16/O projectiles on lighter targets, the fission cross section at higher energies is significantly below the value obtained from the rotating liquid drop angular momentum limit, indicating that incomplete fusion reactions may be limiting the fusion process. For S and Ni projectiles, the cross section implies the existence of a composite system sustaining angular momenta far abovemore » the limit beyond which, on the basis of liquid drop model predictions, compound nuclei are not expected to have a finite fission barrier. The angular distribution of fission fragments in /sup 12/C- and /sup 16/O-induced reactions has been measured and compared to calculated values. Discrepancies between the measurements and calculated values infer conditions for the breakdown of the transition state model.« less
Photogeneration of Strong One- and Two-Electron Redox Agents from Transition Metal Complexes

The thermal reaction chemistry and electrochemistry of oxidation and reduction reactions occupies a prominent position in the development of modern inorganic chemistry. The thermodynamic parameters...
Association between virulence factors of Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes and uterine diseases of dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bacterial species-specific virulence factors (VFs) present in the uterus at 3 different stages of lactation (1-3, 8-10, and 34-36 days in milk (DIM)) and the incidence of metritis and clinical endometritis in dairy cows. The following VF genes were investigated: plo (pyolysin), cbpA (collagen-binding protein), and fimA (fimbriae expression) which are Arcanobacterium pyogenes specific; fimH (a type 1 pilus component), Escherichia coli specific; and lktA (leukotoxin), Fusobacterium necrophorum specific. Uterine swabs were collected from 111 postpartum dairy cows. PCR was used to detect the presence of plo, cbpA, fimA, fimH, and lktA genes. A. pyogenes cbpA was detected in only 5 samples and therefore was not subjected to further analysis. E. coli (fimH) was significantly associated with metritis and endometritis when detected at 1-3 DIM; F. necrophorum (lktA) was significantly associated with metritis when detected at 1-3 and 8-12 DIM and with endometritis when detected at 34-36 DIM; and A. pyogenes (fimA and plo) was associated with metritis (fimA) when detected at 1-3 DIM and endometritis (fimA and plo) when detected at 8-10 and 34-36 DIM.
Micropublishing activities for United Nations and specialized agency documentation: Status and comment

Abstract Microformatted government publications of the United Nations and specialized agencies take on increased importance during the forthcoming years as material is made available in a microformat. Recent activities suggest that more materials will be made available in such formats, increased concern for bibliographic control is being evidenced, and more products from commercial micropublishers can be expected. Given this environment, a review of the current status of micropublishing at the United Nations and Specialized agencies appears to be most appropriate. The column is especially fortunate to have as its guest contributor, Mary K. Fetzer, Documents Librarian at Rutgers University Library. She brings to this topic a broad background of experience and knowledge. In the following contribution, she reviews the status of official and commercial micropublishing activities involving the United Nations and specialized agency documentation. Furthermore, she addresses problems of bibliographic control and access, and urges all parties involved in micropublishing to coordinate their activities. She stresses the need to establish linkages among the various agencies and micropublishers to enhance broader visibility of the documentation and to promote successful coexistence among official and commercial micropublishers. From a user's perspective, such coordination is absolutely essential. If users feel “lost” with U.S. government documents, many feel “hopelessly lost” with U.N. documentation. The move to microformatted materials and the confusing cast of characters associated with their production will only add to the user's further despair. However, as Fetzer suggests, much can be done to improve overall access and visibility of these important information resources. Her analysis will provide a basis for possible improvements and increased utility for the user.
Reduction in coherent cross talk in WDM add/drop multiplexing nodes by path-length misalignment

We propose and analyze a method of reducing the effects of coherent cross talk in a WDM add/drop multiplexer by purposely introducing a delay between different cross-talk paths. For a 16-channel WDM system, this method reduces the requirement for the multiplexer/demultiplexer cross talk by /spl sim/10 dB for return to zero and /spl sim/5 dB for nonreturn to zero transmission.
Research on Chinese Media and Communication: China and the West

This is a content analysis of Chinese media and communication studies published in the top four Chinese journals, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, International Communication Association, National Communication Association journals, and top European journals from 1998 to 2010. Developed on previous studies, this study further explores objective of study, level of analysis, countries in comparison and author affiliation. This study strives to identify basic contours of studies on Chinese media communication in China and beyond; locate junctions and disjunctions between Chinese and Western perspectives concerning media and communication studies.
A review of phenomenological Dirac analyses

The development of Dirac Phenomenology is reviewed. The systematic features of the model are compared with the relativistic treatments of nuclear reactions and nuclear structure. The standard Lorentz scalar - Lorentz vector Dirac optical potentials are used in the analysis of proton, neutron and anti-proton scattering. The results of relativistic impulse approximation calculations are also presented. A new treatment of meson-nucleus scattering employing the Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau formalism is introduced and results of π± and K+ elastic scattering off 40Ca at 800 MeV/c are given.
Use of unlabeled samples for mitigating the Hughes phenomenon

The use of unlabeled samples in improving the performance of classifiers is studied. When the number of training samples is fixed and small, additional feature measurements may reduce the performance of a statistical classifier. It is shown that by using unlabeled samples estimates of the parameters can be improved and therefore this phenomenon may be mitigated. Various methods for using unlabeled samples are reviewed and experimental results are provided. >
A real-time panoramic vision system for autonomous navigation

The paper discusses a panoramic vision system for autonomous navigation purposes. It describes a method for integrating data in real-time from multiple camera sources. The views from adjacent cameras are visualized together as a panorama of the scene using a modified correlation based stitching algorithm. A separate operator is presented with a particular slice of the panorama matching the user's viewing direction. Additionally, a simulated environment is created where the operator can choose to augment the video by simultaneously viewing an artificial 3D view of the scene. Potential applications of this system include enhancing quality and range of visual cues, navigation under hostile circumstances where direct view of the environment is not possible or desirable.
Biological surface engineering: a simple system for cell pattern formation

Biological surface engineering using synthetic biological materials has a great potential for advances in our understanding of complex biological phenomena. We developed a simple system to engineer biologically relevant surfaces using a combination of self-assembling oligopeptide monolayers and microcontact printing (muCP). We designed and synthesized two oligopeptides containing a cell adhesion motif (RADS)n (n = 2 and 3) at the N-terminus, followed by an oligo(alanine) linker and a cysteine residue at the C-terminus. The thiol group of cysteine allows the oligopeptides to attach covalently onto a gold-coated surface to form monolayers. We then microfabricated a variety of surface patterns using the cell adhesion peptides in combination with hexa-ethylene glycol thiolate which resist non-specific adsorption of proteins and cells. The resulting patterns consist of areas either supporting or inhibiting cell adhesion, thus they are capable of aligning cells in a well-defined manner, leading to specific cell array and pattern formations.
The Political Economy of the Cotton South: Households, Markets, and Wealth in the Nineteenth Century

The impact of cotton and slavery in the nineteenth century American South was so dramatic and enduring that neither the region nor the nation has yet escaped from the influence of that era of regional prominence.
Partisan Paths to Exposure Diversity: Differences in Pro‐ and Counterattitudinal News Consumption

This study examines selective exposure to political information, arguing that attraction to proattitudinal information and aversion to counterattitudinal information are distinct phenomena, and that the tendency to engage in these behaviors varies by partisanship. Data collected in a strict online experiment support these predictions. Republicans are significantly more likely to engage in selective avoidance of predominantly counterattitudinal information than those with other partisan affiliations, while non-Republicans are significantly more likely to select a story that includes proattitudinal information, regardless of its counterattitudinal content. Individuals across the political spectrum are receptive to predominantly proattitudinal content and to content that offers a mix of views, but the form these preferences take varies by partisanship. The political significance of these findings is discussed.
Three-Dimensional Pattern Drafting Part II: Garment Modeling

An algorithm for computationally drafting garment patterns from three-dimensional data is presented. A functional relationship for the garment definition step of an earlier theoretical framework is...
Automating Change Detection and Notification of Web Pages (Invited Paper)

Search engines provide an invaluable capability to search the Web which is growing at a fast pace. In addition to growth, the content of the pages on the Web is also changing continuously. Periodical retrieval of pages for understanding changes is both inefficient and time consuming. Search engines do not help in this aspect of information retrieval at all. In this paper, we present an overview of WebVigiL, a system that automates the change detection and timely notification of HTML/XML pages based on user-specified changes of interest. User interest, specified as a sentinel/profile, is automatically monitored by the system using a combination of learning-based and event-driven techniques. The system is currently available for use
Risky business: The role of risk in voluntary turnover decisions

One aspect of turnover decision-making that turnover models have not adequately considered is the risk associated with quitting one's job and the potential that research on risky decision-making has for advancing understanding of turnover. We define risk and present turnover as a risky decision; review previous applications of risk in turnover theory; review literature on decision-making under risk as it applies to turnover; integrate these literatures and provide propositions. Our analysis suggests that individual differences, frames of reference, the decision context, and social influences affect perceptions of the risk associated with quitting as well as the willingness to take risks in this particular situation. The implications of turnover risk perceptions and turnover risk propensity for turnover theory and research are discussed.
Ozone variability in the high latitude summer stratosphere

Observations made by the HALOE instrument aboard UARS show very low stratospheric ozone in the Arctic and Antarctic summers of 1992 and 1993 [Park and Russell, 1994]. Large longitudinal variability is seen in ozone between 8 and 45 mb, poleward of 60° during late summer. This paper examines the cause of this variability using isentropic trajectory analysis and photochemical calculations. According to trajectory analysis using UKMO wind fields, air parcels with higher ozone mixing ratios move to 73°N from lower latitudes in the longitude sector 180°E - 225°E over a 9 day period beginning on 10 August, 1993. Low ozone values seen in the HALOE data around 100°E at 73°N correspond to air parcels that remain mostly in higher latitudes. We present results from photochemical calculations conducted in conjunction with UARS data, and conclude that the longitudinal asymmetry in ozone can be be explained by transport along isentropic trajectories with standard chemistry.
Look who's talking: FGFs and BMPs in the proepicardium.

See related article, pages 431–441 Given the increasing prevalence of patients with congestive heart failure, there is a strong interest in identifying and isolating cardiac progenitor cells capable of differentiating into cardiomyocytes that could be used to repair a damaged, failing heart. Recent work in the zebrafish model system has suggested that the epicardium, the nonmyocyte epithelial layer of cells covering the heart, may play a critical role in the regeneration of injured myocardium.1 The epicardium has a distinct embryological origin from both the myocardium and endocardium. It arises from a mass of mesothelial cells termed the proepicardium, located on the wall of the embryonic pericardial cavity just dorsal and caudal to the developing heart.2 During early embryonic development, cells of the proepicardium migrate onto the heart at the atrioventricular junction and then spread over the surface of the heart to form a primitive epicardium. Some cells of the epicardium then undergo a mesenchymal transformation and invade into the subepicardial space. There these epicardial-derived cells further differentiate into cells that form the coronary vasculature as well as cardiac fibroblasts. Through this multistep differentiation pathway, the proepicardium serves as an important source for the noncardiomyocyte cellular component of the heart. Over the last few years, the pathways that regulate the development and differentiation of the proepicardium have begun to be revealed. First, the formation of the proepicardium …
Functional engraftment of human ES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons enriched by coculture with telomerase-immortalized midbrain astrocytes.

To direct human embryonic stem (HES) cells to a dopaminergic neuronal fate, we cocultured HES cells that were exposed to both sonic hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor 8 with telomerase-immortalized human fetal midbrain astrocytes. These astrocytes substantially potentiated dopaminergic neurogenesis by both WA09 and WA01 HES cells, biasing them to the A9 nigrostriatal phenotype. When transplanted into the neostriata of 6-hydroxydopamine‐lesioned parkinsonian rats, the dopaminergic implants yielded a significant, substantial and long-lasting restitution of motor function. However, although rich in donor-derived tyrosine hydroxylase‐expressing neurons, the grafts exhibited expanding cores of undifferentiated mitotic neuroepithelial cells, which can be tumorigenic. These results show the utility of recreating the cellular environment of the developing human midbrain while driving dopaminergic neurogenesis from HES cells, and they demonstrate the potential of the resultant cells to mediate substantial functional recovery in a model of Parkinson disease. Yet these data also mandate caution in the clinical application of HES cell‐derived grafts, given their potential for phenotypic instability and undifferentiated expansion.
A detailed examination of the antibody prevalence and characteristics of anti-ESA antibodies

Background. The antibody characteristics in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)-treated patients who develop antibody-mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA; amPRCA) can be described as high-affinity, neutralizing anti-ESA antibodies with a mixed immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass. The characteristics of an early-onset anti-ESA antibody response are not well documented, especially in the months prior to the development of amPRCA. Therefore, a detailed characterization of antiESA antibodies was performed in patients in both clinical studies and in a post-market setting. Both baseline and post-dose samples were tested and antibody-positive samples were characterized. Antibody characteristics such as concentration, isotype and specificity were evaluated in subjects with non-neutralizing anti-ESA antibodies and subjects that developed neutralizing anti-ESA antibodies associated with amPRCA. Methods. Serum samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-ESA antibodies, using a validated surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunoassay or SPRIA. Results. Among the clinical studies, pre-existing nonneutralizing anti-ESA antibodies were found in 6% of the subjects from clinical studies in nephrology, oncology and congestive heart failure (CHF). After ESA treatment, 2.3% of the subjects developed binding, non-neutralizing antibodies with 0.1% confirmed as having an IgG isotype and were specific to the ESA protein. IgM antibodies were detected at baseline and post-ESA treatment and reported to be specific to the glycosylation of the ESA. No clinical study subjects progressed to amPRCA. In contrast, anti-ESA antibody-positive subjects from the postmarket setting with a confirmed IgG subclass were specific to the ESA protein. Subjects that had progressed to amPRCA were noted to have high antibody concentrations with neutralizing activity and a diverse IgG subtype. Conclusions. A low prevalence of non-neutralizing antiESA IgM specific to glycosylation on the ESA and IgG1 antibodies specific to the ESA protein was detected across all clinical patient populations. Patients with amPRCA were noted to have high IgG antibody concentrations, neutralizing antibodies and the presence of anti-ESA IgG4 antibodies.
Modeling and estimation of the spatial variation of elevation error in high resolution DEMs from stereo-image processing

The spatial variability of elevation errors in high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from stereo-image processing is examined. Error models are developed and evaluated by examining the correlation between various DEM parameters and the magnitude of the observed DEM vertical error. DEM vertical errors were estimated using a dataset of more than 51000 points of known elevation obtained from a kinematic Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) ground survey. Elevation variability and the quality of the stereo-correlation match over small spatial scales were the dominant factors that determined the magnitude of the DEM error at any given location. The error models are strongly correlated with the magnitude of the DEM vertical error and are shown to adequately represent the full range of the observed error. The error models are used to estimate the magnitude of the vertical error for every point in the DEMs. The models are then used to predict the overall error in the DEMs. The results demonstrate that the error models can accurately quantify and predict the spatial variability of the DEM error.
Pulse propagation in an elliptically birefringent Kerr medium

The coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which describes optical propagation in a birefringent Kerr medium, is derived with particular emphasis on optical fibers. It is shown that, when the ellipticity angle theta approximately=35 degrees , Manakov's equation results. Consequences for switching applications are discussed. In particular, if theta not=35 degrees , shadows form when two pulses of opposite polarization interact, i.e. the emerging pulses no longer have their original polarizations. This problem disappears at theta =35 degrees . >
Externalism, physicalism, statues, and hunks

Content externalism is the dominant view in the philosophy of mind. Content essentialism, the thesis that thought tokens have their contents essentially, is also popular. And many externalists are supporters of such essentialism. However, endorsing the conjunction of those views either (i) commits one to a counterintuitive view of the underlying physical nature of thought tokens or (ii) commits one to a slightly different but still counterintuitive view of the relation of thought tokens to physical tokens as well as a rejection of realist physicalism. In this essay I reveal the problem and articulate and adjudicate among the possible solutions. I will end up rejecting content essentialism.
The acetylation of prothrombin.

Purified bovine prothrombin was acetylated to a range of 27 to 30% of its amino groups. Except for just significant amounts it lost its power to generate thrombin-C. Upon activation the yield of thrombin-E was 100% on the basis of the thrombin-C yield that was obtained on an aliquot sample of the prothrombin before acetylation. Activation was achieved in 25% sodium citrate solution, with calcium ions plus brain extract thromboplastin, and with calcium ions plus protein-free brain thromboplastin. Evidently no Ac-globulin was needed; however, a concentrate of Ac-globulin accelerated the activation. The pH optimum for activation with brain extract thromboplastin is more to the alkaline side than with prothrombin. Activation with purified platelet factor 3 was quite slow, but was accelerated by adding a small amount of thrombin-E, in the form of acetylated thrombin, at zero time. Thrombin-C did not function in that capacity. A change in prothrombin had to be accompanied by a proportionate change in the thromb...
Atypical subtrochanteric femoral shaft fractures: role for mechanics and bone quality

Bisphosphonates are highly effective agents for reducing osteoporotic fractures in women and men, decreasing fracture incidence at the hip and spine up to 50%. In a small subset of patients, however, these agents have recently been associated with 'atypical femoral fractures' (AFFs) in the subtrochanteric region or the diaphysis. These fractures have several atypical characteristics, including occurrence with minimal trauma; younger age than typical osteoporotic fractures; occurrence at cortical, rather than cancellous sites; early radiographic appearance similar to that of a stress fracture; transverse fracture pattern rather than the familiar spiral or transverse-oblique morphologies; initiation on the lateral cortex; and high risk of fracture on the contralateral side, at the same location as the initial fracture. Fracture is a mechanical phenomenon that occurs when the loads applied to a structure such as a long bone exceed its load-bearing capacity, either due to a single catastrophic overload (traumatic failure) or as a result of accumulated damage and crack propagation at sub-failure loads (fatigue failure). The association of AFFs with no or minimal trauma suggests a fatigue-based mechanism that depends on cortical cross-sectional geometry and tissue material properties. In the case of AFFs, bisphosphonate treatment may alter cortical tissue properties, as these agents are known to alter bone remodeling. This review discusses the use of bisphosphonates, their effects on bone remodeling, mechanics and tissue composition, their significance as an effective therapy for osteoporosis, and why these agents may increase fracture risk in a small population of patients.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation in Older Adults with Serious Mental Illness: A Review of the Research Literature and Recommendations for Development of Rehabilitative Approaches

The number of older adults with serious mental illness (SMI) is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades. This group uses a disproportionate amount of mental health resources and is at high risk of institutionalization. There is an urgent need for effective psychosocial rehabilitation programs specifically designed to meet the special needs of this population. This article summarizes recent research in this area, including three new models of skills training. We also describe several other empirically supported approaches for the general population of people with SMI that may be tailored for use with older adults, including assertive community treatment, family and caregiver support, vocational rehabilitation, and medication adherence interventions. Finally, we consider new directions for research and service development to support the next generation of psychosocial interventions for the growing population of older adults with SMI.
Clinical manifestations of human monkeypox influenced by route of infection

Background. In April 2003, an outbreak of monkeypox occurred in the United States following the importation of monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected animals in a consignment of exotic pets from West Africa. Transmission of the virus to non-African captive species, including prairie dogs, preceded human disease. Methods. We evaluated the influence of the route of infection on clinical illness for persons with confirmed and probable cases of human monkeypox. Exposures were categorized as being "noninvasive" (e.g., the person touched an infected animal, cleaned an infected animal's cage, and/or stood within 6 feet of an infected animal) or "complex" (e.g., invasive bite or scratch from an ill prairie dog plus potential noninvasive exposure), and associations between exposure, illness manifestation, and illness progression (i.e., elapsed time from first exposure to an ill prairie dog through various benchmarks of illness) were assessed. Results. Patients with complex exposures were more likely than patients with noninvasive exposures to have experienced pronounced signs of systemic illness (49.1% vs. 16.7%; P = .041) and to have been hospitalized during illness (68.8% vs. 10.3%; P<.001). Complex exposures were also associated with shorter incubation periods (9 days for complex exposures vs. 13 days for noninvasive exposures) and the absence of a distinct febrile prodrome. Conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that route of infection can influence monkeypox illness manifestations.
The Effect of Fish Meal on the Response of Chicks to High Levels of Penicillin

Abstract It has been shown (Hill and Kelly, 1953) that chicks in new quarters respond only to relatively high levels of aureomycin. The diet used in those studies contained substantial amounts of animal products in the form of fish meal and whey. It has been shown by Heuser and Norris (1952) and others that antibiotics exert less growth promoting effect for chicks when animal products are included in the ration. It was important, therefore, to determine whether or not animal products exerted any effect on the response of chicks to a high level of antibiotic fed in clean quarters. Immediately prior to the initiation of this study the chick room was thoroughly cleaned. All equipment was washed with hot water and steam. The room and all equipment were then fumigated with formaldehyde. New Hampshire chicks of mixed sex were obtained from a commercial hatchery and placed on experiment at one day …
Variations in Presentations of Esophageal Involvement in Lichen Planus

Background & Aims Lichen planus is a relatively uncommon, presumed autoimmune disease that affects middle-aged patients and is manifested in the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. Reports of esophageal involvement have been rare, despite the classification of the esophagus as a mucous membrane. Methods Assuming esophageal involvement might not be as rare as expected, we reviewed the Mayo Clinic Pathology Database for all cases from 2000 to the present. Results Twenty-seven cases were identified, with a mean age of 64 years; 25 were women. Patients presenting with esophageal lichen planus as the initial manifestation and those with a diagnosis of lichen planus involving other sites were equal in number. Many patients had received multiple dilations and reflux treatments before diagnosis. All patients presented with dysphagia. Endoscopy and radiology studies demonstrated a wide range of abnormalities, including strictures of varying length and location, small-caliber esophagus, and a mucosal appearance of sloughing, white discoloration, erythema, thickening, and superficial ulceration. Treatment regimens varied markedly, with some patients responding to topical or systemic corticosteroids. Conclusions Esophageal lichen planus is rare but probably more common than previously suspected. It presents with a wide range of endoscopic signs and is commonly the presenting sign of lichen planus. In evaluating middle-aged patients with strictures, particularly proximal esophageal strictures in women, physicians should consider a diagnosis of lichen planus even in the absence of extraesophageal manifestations.
25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α- and 24-hydroxylase activities in pig kidney homogenates: effect of vitamin D deficiency

A method was developed for simultaneous assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase in pig kidney homogenates. The products of these enzymes, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, were extracted from the in vitro incubation mixtures, isolated and purified by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography, identified by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry, and high performance liquid chromatography with a second solvent system and quantified relative to authentic standards with a 254-nm detector system. Assay conditions included 12.5 microM substrate (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) concentration and an incubation time of 15 minutes at 37 degrees C, which was on the linear portion of time curves for both enzymes. Maximum enzyme velocity was 1548 pmol/minute per gram kidney tissue for 1 alpha-hydroxylase and 286 pmol/minute per gram kidney tissue for 24-hydroxylase. The apparent Km for pig kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha-hydroxylase) was 445 nM and for 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) was 833 nM. We also demonstrated the use of this assay in pigs fed a semisynthetic diet with or without vitamin D. Pigs fed vitamin D-deficient diet had a 5- to 10-fold increase in 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, severe hypocalcemia, low plasma, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, very low plasma (undetectable) 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration, and no detectable 24-hydroxylase activity compared to those fed the vitamin D-replete diet.
Noise Perturbation Improves Supervised Speech Separation

Speech separation can be treated as a mask estimation problem where interference-dominant portions are masked in a time-frequency representation of noisy speech. In supervised speech separation, a classifier is typically trained on a mixture set of speech and noise. Improving the generalization of a classifier is challenging, especially when interfering noise is strong and nonstationary. Expansion of a noise through proper perturbation during training exposes the classifier to more noise variations, and hence may improve separation performance. In this study, we examine the effects of three noise perturbations at low signal-to-noise ratios SNRs. We evaluate speech separation performance in terms of hit minus false-alarm rate and short-time objective intelligibility STOI. The experimental results show that frequency perturbation performs the best among the three perturbations. In particular, we find that frequency perturbation reduces the error of misclassifying a noise pattern as a speech pattern.
Directions for Preventive Intervention

For clinicians working with child-abusive families, treatment of the client family is often the immediate, pressing, and understandable priority. However, since annual child abuse incidence estimates range from a conservative 60,000 cases (Education Commission of the States, 1973) upward to one-half million cases (Helfer & Kempe, 1976; Light, 1973), it is evident that prevention also merits much closer attention. Even with recent improvements in child abuse reporting, treatment, and follow-up, many maltreating families are never officially identified as abusive and will never receive treatment; even if it were somehow possible to identify all abusive families, the resources of child welfare agencies and mental health facilities would be hard pressed to treat all of them comprehensively. Just as primary prevention and early intervention are the goals of many mental health and social welfare programs (Geismar, 1969; Klein & Goldston, 1977; Rapoport, 1961), successful efforts to reduce the incidence of child-directed violence will prove to be more humane and, presumably, more effective than treating the relatively small proportion of cases that presently come to professionals’ attention.
Fostering Undergraduate Research Experiences In Management Information Systems Through The "Research Group" Framework

The purpose of this paper is to propose an innovative approach to engaged learning. Founded on the principles of a scholarly think-tank and administered along the lines of a consulting organization, the proposed ‘Research Group’ framework is designed to facilitate effective and efficient undergraduate research experiences in Management Information Systems and other business areas. In doing so, the program better prepares students for success in graduate school and their chosen careers. In this paper, we introduce the research group framework and describe its four fundamental elements. Examples of are then presented to illustrate both scholar-based and organization-based research experiences. We conclude with a discussion on the challenges of developing a formal undergraduate research program.
Lessons Learned From Comics Produced by Medical Students: Art of Darkness.

Horror is ubiquitous in popular culture, with zombies, vampires, ghosts, and other supernatural figures saturating books, television, and films. These stories provide excitement by activating ancient fight-or-flight responses while perhaps more subtly serving as metaphors for suppressed fears and anxieties. Vampires are not merely blood-sucking villains but also symbols of sexual repression; zombies are not just shambling monsters but also reminders of the alienating effects of consumerism and fear of global contagion; ghosts not only haunt but also raise questions about existence of an afterlife and consequences of earthly actions. In this way, horror stories are a means through which artists implicitly comment on the state of human affairs at a particular moment. As Stephen King has written, “We make up horrors to help us cope with the real ones.” 1 Storytelling through the construction of narrative is an essential part of medicine as well. Physicians spend a substantial portion of their professional lives immersed in narrative—stories involving patients, colleagues, and hospital culture, as well as the myths and legends surrounding clinical wards. 2 In recent decades, the narrative medicine movement has sought to empower physicians and trainees to use stories to make meaning of the profound emotions evoked by their clinical experiences and thereby reinforce the humanity that is a fundamental principle of the profession. 3,4
The Changing Face of Ethics in the Workplace: Care and the Impact of Immigration Enforcement

This chapter addresses the palpable ethical effects on business that result from the aggressive immigration enforcement policy in the U.S. and the need for an ethics of care to mitigate those effects. My contention is that the true costs to business (an increase in unpaid dependency workers, a rise in redistribution expenditures aimed at helping working-class families, and the environmental pressures of living under the constant fear of the government) require new methods of theory and practice to be overcome. This chapter argues that classic cost-benefit utilitarianism is inadequate to address the thorny ethical dimensions facing employers, brought on by aggressive immigration enforcement, because it cannot take into consideration the compelling moral significance of “attending to and meeting the needs of the particular others” affected, whether employer or employee. As political tensions increase over the immigration debate, and real consequences are faced by employers, employees, families, and communities, this issue needs to be approached with a more nuanced cache of ethical tools, including those in the ethics of care toolkit: the reconceptualization of public and private, a relational and interdependent sensitivity to needs, and a broader moral framework into which justice fits. I use the Marshalltown, Postville, and New Bedford raids to demonstrate that aggressive policy enforcement relies upon an outmoded ethical opposition in business between economic growth and social equity, which especially exploits the interests of documented workers. These three cases show that an ethics of care can help assuage the problems facing businesses—and the families employed by them—because of its emphasis on community response to need. If businesses could draw upon ethics of care principles, and if the Immigration and Customs Enforcement refocused its enforcement efforts, American businesses, and their employees, would be better able to respond to needs, work with clear focus on the job, and begin to once again pump money back into their communities without fear.
Acute Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability in Adults: A Critical Analysis Review.

Acute instability of the distal radioulnar joint most commonly results from traumatic injury to the distal part of the radius or the ulnar styloid, although injury to any portion of the radius or ulna may cause distal radioulnar joint instability. Instability between the radius and the ulna at the wrist may limit forearm rotation and may prevent stable transmission of load across the radiocarpal and ulnocarpal joints. Instability is diagnosed primarily on the basis of physical examination. Imaging studies and wrist arthroscopy may be used to distinguish deficient structures and to assist with surgical planning. The treatment of acute distal radioulnar joint instability should address the structures that are injured and should take into account the anatomic variability and the presence of arthritis or other conditions affecting the distal radioulnar joint. Prompt recognition of these injuries and treatment of deficient structures may limit morbidity associated with instability of the distal radioulnar joint. The distal radioulnar joint is an incongruent, diarthroidal joint between the sigmoid notch of the distal part of the radius and the seat of the …
MicroCT angiography detects vascular formation and regression in skin wound healing

Properly regulated angiogenesis and arteriogenesis are essential for effective wound healing. Tissue injury induces robust new vessel formation and subsequent vessel maturation, which involves vessel regression and remodeling. Although formation of functional vasculature is essential for healing, alterations in vascular structure over the time course of skin wound healing are not well understood. Here, using high-resolution ex vivo X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT), we describe the vascular network during healing of skin excisional wounds with highly detailed three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images and associated quantitative analysis. We found that relative vessel volume, surface area and branching number are significantly decreased in wounds from day 7 to days 14 and 21. Segmentation and skeletonization analysis of selected branches from high-resolution images as small as 2.5μm voxel size show that branching orders are decreased in the wound vessels during healing. In histological analysis, we found that the contrast agent fills mainly arterioles, but not small capillaries nor large veins. In summary, high-resolution microCT revealed dynamic alterations of vessel structures during wound healing. This technique may be useful as a key tool in the study of the formation and regression of wound vessels.
Liver transplantation: psychiatric considerations.

Abstract Alcoholism is the leading cause of liver failure. Because of the compliance requirements of liver transplantation, a candidate at our hospital must have participated in an alcohol treatment program with at least one year of established sobriety. Other major selection criteria are the absence of severe extrahepatic disease and the presence of a reasonable degree of social support. The principal postoperative psychiatric problems in our series were organic brain syndrome, depression, and anxiety. Approaches for their management are described. As of September 1987, 24 of 40 patients who underwent liver transplant remained alive from seven to 191 weeks after the operation, and 16 of them were in good general health and fully rehabilitated.