cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physician Wellbeing: A Critical Deficiency in Resilience Education and Training.

As physicians, we hold a unique place in society. We are entrusted with the responsibility of healing people and advancing the health of populations. This role is an honor and a privilege, and yet it is one that comes with the cost of jeopardizing our wellbeing. Physicians may be considered an “at risk” population, with higher rates of depression, anxiety, suicide, divorce, stress, and emotional exhaustion than other segments of the overall population. The role played by physicians requires many sacrifices—long hours, isolation from friends and family, psychological stress and responsibility in caring for very sick patients, tolerance of uncertainty, sleep deprivation, and huge economic burdens following many years of costly education, among others. Threats to the wellbeing of physicians begin early in training. The stresses of medical school, residency, and postgraduate work all involve managing tremendous pressures to acquire information, garner skills, develop and integrate a professional identity with the early-career physician’s sense of self, and balance work and life. Roughly half of medical students experience burnout over the first 4 years of medical training. Burnout is defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (i.e., treating patients as objects), and feelings of worthlessness. Burnout results in poor self-care and patient care, diminished empathy, medical error, and poor physical health [2]. Among medical students, more than 20 % will suffer from depression within the first 2 years and up to 9 % will have suicidal ideation before graduation [3]. The number of those who are depressed may increase during the first year of residency [4]. Among practicing physicians, the suicide rate is approximately double the rate in the general population [5]. In the USA, approximately one physician dies by suicide every day—thus each year we lose to suicide about the number of graduates from two medical schools. Many factors contribute to the distress experienced by physicians. Shortages of health care professionals, demanding caseloads, verbal abuse and other belittling or bullying behaviors, tremendous debt following lengthy medical education, increased regulatory pressures, decreased insurance reimbursements for services, and staying current with overwhelming amounts of new knowledge are but a few examples. These challenges are compounded by our profession’s hidden curriculum—the reluctance to admit weakness, expose our shame of suffering from the stigma of a psychiatric disorder, or even discuss the pressures we share. It turns out that we are all deeply imperfect and that we will need to overcome much on our paths as physicians. With greater recognition of the risks associated with becoming and being a physician has also come greater understanding that our profession has, to a great extent, failed to * Eugene V. Beresin eberesin@partners.org
Recognition of Biological Threat

This chapter explores the different types of biological entities that can be harmful to humans, animals, and plants: specifically, bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, and biological toxins. These make up the agents that would most commonly be exploited for use in a biological weapon. There are characteristics common to all of these agents. Most notably, they may be acquired naturally, especially if one knows where to look for them. All are invisible to the human senses and require incubation periods before disease conditions are noticeable; therefore they might be deployed covertly, and evidence of the event may not be apparent for days or weeks. The four routes of entry into the host are by inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection. Most biological weapons formulations have been adapted for entry by inhalation. After infection, patients manifest signs and symptoms of disease. Clinical presentation results in a differential diagnosis, in which many disease possibilities may be considered. After that a tiered diagnostic system may be used so that as additional information is known about the patient, the diagnosis may proceed from suspected to probable to confirmed. The ever-present threat of biological weapons and emerging diseases has given rise to programs and initiatives in biodefense and biosecurity.
Experimental Study of Tip Vortex Flow from a Periodically Pitched Airfoil Section

An experimental investigation of a tip vortex from a NACA0012 airfoil is conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at a chord Reynolds number of 4x10(exp 4). Initially, data for a stationary airfoil held at various angles-of-attack (alpha) are gathered. Detailed surveys are done for two cases: alpha=10 deg with attached flow and alpha=25 deg with massive flow separation on the upper surface. Distributions of various properties are obtained using hot-wire anemometry. Data include mean velocity, streamwise vorticity and turbulent stresses at various streamwise locations. For all cases, the vortex core is seen to involve a mean velocity deficit. The deficit apparently traces to the airfoil wake, part of which gets wrapped by the tip vortex. At small alpha, the vortex is laminar within the measurement domain. The strength of the vortex increases with increasing alpha but undergoes a sudden drop around alpha (is) greater than 16 deg. The drop in peak vorticity level is accompanied by transition and a sharp rise in turbulence within the core. Data are also acquired with the airfoil pitched sinusoidally. All oscillation cases pertain to a mean alpha=15 deg while the amplitude and frequency are varied. An example of phase-averaged data for an amplitude of +/-10 deg and a reduced frequency of k=0.2 is discussed. All results are compared with available data from the literature shedding further light on the complex dynamics of the tip vortex.
p53 gene therapy modulates signal transduction in the apoptotic and cell cycle pathways downregulating neointimal hyperplasia.

Purpose: To investigate the molecular mechanisms that lead to inhibition of intimal hyperplasia (IH) following p53 gene therapy. Methods: In vivo p53 gene transfer to balloon injured rat carotid arteries was performed by utilizing adenovirus. The relationship between p53, p21, retinoblastoma protein (Rb), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax, and Bcl-x was examined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of cyclin D1, Fas/CD95, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) was determined. Results: Our data indicate increased expression of p53 in the nuclei of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the media (P < .01) compared with the controls. In the treated animals, Bax and Bcl-x, p21, and Rb were significantly upregulated (P < .01). Immunoreactivity to Bcl-2 was observed only in the neointima of untreated groups at 14 days. An increased presence of Fas and decreased expression of PARP was observed in the cytoplasm of the VSMCs of p53-treated animals. Conclusions: P53 gene transfer activated a battery of downstream effe...
On the Socio-Indexicality of a Parisian French Intonation Contour

This study examines how intonation contours prevalent in a Parisian French urban youth vernacular (Conein and Gadet, 1998; Fagyal 2003, 2005) index sociolinguistic meanings for Parisian French listeners. In a web-based experiment, listeners placed recordings with stress patterns ranging from clearly penultimate (‘non-standard’) to clear phrase-final (‘standard’) in cities whose linguistic correctness they had previously evaluated. Stimuli with the most numerous and strongest cues to penultimate prominence were reliably identified with cities low in linguistic prestige. Sociolinguistic experience was shown to predict stimulus evaluations. The conclusions reached speak to the socio-indexicality of certain Parisian intonation contour types and the methodology used herein may lend itself to future studies of socially sensitive language variation.
Comparison of Risk Factor Profiles for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Subtypes Defined by Pattern of Visual Field Loss: A Prospective Study

Purpose. We explored whether risk factor associations differed by primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subtypes defined by visual field (VF) loss pattern (i.e., paracentral or peripheral).
Fungicide Efficacy and Specificity Toward Fungi in the Cranberry Fruit Rot Disease Complex

Wells, L. D., Perry, R. S., and McManus, P. S. 2014. Fungicide efficacy and specificity toward fungi in the cranberry fruit rot disease complex. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-13-0024. Cranberry fruit rot is an economically important disease complex comprised of as many as 15 different fungi that destroy cranberries in the field and/or after harvest. We evaluated fungicides in six field trials over 3 years for their ability to reduce the incidence of cranberry fruit rot and for their specificity in controlling six principal pathogens in the complex: Coleophoma empetri, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phomopsis vaccinii, Phyllosticta vaccinii, and Physalospora vaccinii. Fruit rot incidence and efficacy of fungicides varied greatly among replicate plots within trials and among trials, often making it difficult to discern significant differences among treatments. However, in general, the newer strobilurin and sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides were at least as effective as the industry standards, chlorothalonil and mancozeb. An exception was the DMI fungicide fenbuconazole, which was ineffective in three of five trials. Compared to other fungicides, fenbuconazole was weak in controlling Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which along with Coleophoma empetri, dominated among fungi isolated from rotten berries. The results are being used to develop disease management programs that control the key fruit rot pathogens with reduced reliance on environmentally risky and potentially carcinogenic fungicides.
Survey on health status of 1052 female workers in gas station in Wuxi City

[Objective]To study the effect of gasoline on blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,liver function and kidney function in female workers of gas station.[Methods]1 052 female workers in gas station were collected in Wuxi City,to analyze the changes of blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids,liver function and kidney function with age,and the change of age-adjusted standardized abnormal rate with increasing exposure years.[Results]①The levels of systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,glucose, cholesterol,triglyceride,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase,urea and creatinine had a positive correlation with age( all P 0. 05),while the uric acid level showed a negative correlation with age( P 0. 05). ②The age-standardized abnormal rate of cholesterol and triglyceride increased with increasing exposure years( P 0. 05),and the age-standardized abnormal rate of blood glucose decreased with increasing exposure years( P 0. 05). [Conclusion]Gasoline exposure can affect the abnormal rate of blood lipid and blood glucose in female workers of gas station,and levels of all indexes are influenced by age.
Realistic theory of laser cooling

We present a theory of laser cooling and trapping that applies to an atom with an arbitrary level structure moving at a (nearly) arbitrary velocity in a (nearly) arbitrary three-dimensional light field.
A Tour of Ceramic Land

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the land of ceramics that help to organize bits of ceramic knowledge in some logical files, enabling to retrieve them more easily. It examines the aspects of ceramics that give them their unique properties. A connection between the performance of a ceramic product and how that product was made is established. The chapter shows the basic structure of Kaolinite, a common mineral used in porcelain, whiteware, and pottery. It consists of stacked layers or sheets of atoms. One of the things that set advanced ceramics apart from the traditional and glass is that they are usually made from precursors that have been chemically purified. In addition to being made from pure precursors, advanced ceramics require complex and expensive fabrication processes to maintain their purity. The physical and chemical changes that take place in ceramics processes are different than those of metal.
Korea’s Sadae-Kyorin Diplomacy with the Rise of Ch’ing China

Although Japan and Korea maintained autonomy in their relations, their relationship was greatly affected by the political situation in China. From the tenth century, the Chinese empire had suffered setbacks from invasions by northern nomadic tribes with their superior military skills such as the Khitan (916–1125) in the tenth to eleventh centuries, Chin (1115–1234) in the twelfth century and the Mongols (later the Yuan dynasty, 1279–1368) in the thirteenth century.1 With its geographical proximity to China Korea too was often raided by China’s invaders. The Mongol attack on Korea and Japan and Korea’s subsequent relations with the Yuan dynasty were one example of Korean internal politics and diplomacy being disturbed by the northern nomadic races’ invasions of China.2 Moreover, international relations during the transition period from the Ming to the Ch’ing brought about unprecedented ideological and diplomatic problems for the Korean government. When Ming China and Chosŏn Korea fought against Hideyoshi’s army in the seven years’ war on Korean soil, the chieftain of the Jurchens in the northeast of China, Nurhachi (1559–1626), emerged to conquer war-torn Ming China. The ascent of Nurhachi and his establishment of the Ch’ing empire had a significant impact on Japanese—Korean relations. This chapter examines this strenuous time in Korean foreign policy, when the demise of the Ming and the rise of the Ch’ing created a diplomatic and ideological dilemma and problems in maintaining sovereignty.
Fitness of invasive Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) hybrids in coastal California

Natural hybridization between previously allopatric plant species can produce highly successful lineages. We test the low-fitness-hybrid hypothesis in Carpobrotus and its implications for hybrid in...
How to build your own high-tech firm

An old adage has it that if you can't do, you teach. Less well known is the conventional wisdom of MBA degrees that academics do not – or cannot – make good business people. But while much has been written on this subject, less is done in practice. Indeed, telling people how to run a business is already a big business in itself.
Communication between oncologists and lymphoma survivors during follow-up consultations: A qualitative analysis

ABSTRACTCancer survivors often experience both short- and long-term challenges as a result of their cancer treatment. Many patients report feeling “lost in transition” following cancer treatment. The oncologist plays a key role in helping the patient to transition to survivorship. The purpose of this paper is to provide a descriptive understanding of the clinical care delivered during follow-up visits for lymphoma patients transitioning from active therapy into survivorship. We used thematic text analysis to identify themes in transcripts of audio recordings of 21 physicians and their patients in follow-up visits within 3 years of completing lymphoma treatment. Conversations between oncologists and patients during follow-up visits addressed a variety of themes, including specific health concerns, follow-up care, health promotion, prior treatment and test results, overall health status, emotional communication and affective tone, post-treatment rehabilitation, discussions occurring in the patient's physica...
Chemokine Signaling and the Regulation of Bidirectional Leukocyte Migration in Interstitial Tissues

Motile cells navigate through complex tissue environments that include both attractive and repulsive cues. In response to tissue wounding, neutrophils, primary cells of the innate immune response, exhibit bidirectional migration that is orchestrated by chemokines and their receptors. Although progress has been made in identifying signals that mediate the recruitment phase, the mechanisms that regulate neutrophil reverse migration remain largely unknown. Here, we visualize bidirectional neutrophil migration to sterile wounds in zebrafish larvae and identify specific roles for the chemokine receptors Cxcr1 and Cxcr2 in neutrophil recruitment to sterile injury and infection. Notably, we also identify Cxcl8a/Cxcr2 as a specific ligand-receptor pair that orchestrates neutrophil chemokinesis in interstitial tissues during neutrophil reverse migration and resolution of inflammation. Taken together, our findings identify distinct receptors that mediate bidirectional leukocyte motility during interstitial migration depending on the context and type of tissue damage in vivo.
Abacus or Fingermath: How do we Decide?:

To achieve academically in mathematics, blind and visually impaired children must develop the necessary concepts through the use of manipulative aids. This article discusses the advantages and disa...
Added sugars: Definition and estimation in the USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Databases

Abstract The objective of this article is to define added sugars and to describe the methodology used to estimate the added sugars present in the foods and beverages found in What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (WWEIA, NHANES), Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). The Food Patterns Equivalent Database (FPED) converts FNDDS foods and beverages to respective amounts of 37 USDA food patterns groups, of which added sugars is one. Added sugars are defined as caloric sweeteners that are added to foods as ingredients during food processing, during food preparation, or at the Table Sugars naturally present in milk and fruit are not added sugars, by definition. Added sugars are measured in teaspoon equivalents defined as 4.2 g of total sugars. The FNDDS SR Links file and food label information were used to identify and estimate amounts of added sugars. The FPED provide added sugars amounts per 100 g of each FNDDS foods and beverages. The FPED plays a vital role in nutrition monitoring and evaluating the American diet with respect to the Dietary Guidelines recommendations. Added sugars data can be used for nutrition education and food policy.
Electromagnetic characteristics of a coaxial cable with periodic slots

We extend a previous analysis of a coaxial cable with periodic circumferential slots to obtain the propagation modes in the source-free case. The two basic classes of modes are considered; one of these is the monofilar-type where the return current path is external to the cable and the other is the bifilar- or coaxial-type where the return current is essentially in the shield. We also obtain results for the effective transfer impedance of the shield that, for sufficiently low frequencies, is essentially independent of the propagation constant. Thus for engineering purposes the cable parameters can be simply described. An important finding is that the effective circuit pa· rameters are particularly sensitive to the angular (circumferential) slot opening but relatively insensitive to the slot width.
Nfs1 cysteine desulfurase protein complexes and phosphorylation sites as assessed by mass spectrometry

Fe-S clusters are cofactors that participate in diverse and essential biological processes. Mitochondria contain a complete machinery for Fe-S cluster assembly. Cysteine desulfurase (Nfs1) is required generation of a form of activated sulfur and is essential for the initial Fe-S cluster assembly step. Using mass-spectometry we identified proteins that were copurified with Nfs1 using a pull-down strategy, including a novel protein kinase. Furthermore, we were able to identify phosphorylation sites on the Nfs1 protein. These data and analyses support the research article "Cysteine desulfurase is regulated by phosphorylation of Nfs1 in yeast mitochondria" by Rocha et al. (in press) [1].
Selectively ignoring locations does not modulate contingent involuntary orienting, but selectively attending does

Attending to a location in the visual field facilitates processing of objects in that location, and numerous studies have revealed processing benefits by precuing target locations. Recent studies have also demonstrated that precuing a location to ignore reduces distraction by items in that location; however, precuing a feature (colour) to ignore increases distractor interference, at least before a template for rejection is established. Thus, locations, not features, can be selectively ignored. The present study used a spatial cuing task to examine whether featurally-relevant items are selected when they appear in ignored locations. The results revealed contingent attentional capture by target-relevant cues (red cue when searching for red targets, but not for onset targets), even when the cue appeared in a location that was ignored. Importantly, this was equivalent to contingent capture elicited by cues in non-ignored locations. However, when observers were precued to the target location, contingen...
Meeting Challenges in the Data World: RDAP 2017

COLUMN EDITOR'S NOTES The Global Postcards column is pleased to publish two contributions from Joshua Finnell and his colleagues. The first contribution with Brian Cain documents the themes and conversations of the Research Data Access and Preservation Summit (RDAP) in April 2017. The second contribution from Joshua with Stacy Konkiel documents the creation and sustainment of the Library Pipeline, a grassroots library organization. Finally, coeditor Robin Kear provides a personal synopsis of her attendance at the IFLA World Library & Information Congress (WLIC) in Wroclaw Poland in August 2017.We always welcome contributions. If you would like to send a submission, please contact either of the column's coeditors: Jacqueline Solis, jsolis@email.unc.edu, and Robin Kear, rlk25@pitt.edu.
Myosin XI localizes at the mitotic spindle and along the cell plate during plant cell division in Physcomitrella patens.

Abstract Cell division is a fundamental biological process that has been extensively investigated in different systems. Similar to most eukaryotic cells, plant cells assemble a mitotic spindle to separate replicated chromosomes. In contrast, to complete cell division, plant cells assemble a phragmoplast, which is composed of aligned microtubules and actin filaments. This structure helps transport vesicles containing new cell wall material, which then fuse to form the cell plate; the cell plate will expand to create the new dividing cell wall. Because vesicles are known to be transported by myosin motors during interphase, we hypothesized this could also be the case during cell division and we investigated the localization of the plant homologue of myosin V - myosin XI, in cell division. In this work, we used the protonemal cells of the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model, because of its simple cellular morphology and ease to generate transgenic cell lines expressing fluorescent tagged proteins. Using a fluorescent protein fusion of myosin XI, we found that, during mitosis, this molecule appears to associate with the kinetochores immediately after nuclear envelope breakdown. Following metaphase, myosin XI stays associated with the spindle's midzone during the rest of mitosis, and when the phragmoplast is formed, it concentrates at the cell plate. Using an actin polymerization inhibitor, latrunculin B, we found that the association of myosin XI with the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast are only partially dependent on the presence of filamentous actin. We also showed that myosin XI on the spindle partially overlaps with a v-SNARE vesicle marker but is not co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum and a RabA vesicle marker. These observations suggest an actin-dependent and an actin-independent behavior of myosin XI during cell division, and provide novel insights to our understanding of the function of myosin XI during plant cell division.
Implementation of universal rapid human immunodeficiency virus screening on labor and delivery.

Background:A case of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV at a medical center in Washington, DC, resulted in the implementation of universal opt-out rapid testing of patients admitted for del...
In vivo effects of μ-opioid receptor agonist/δ-opioid receptor antagonist peptidomimetics following acute and repeated administration.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Agonists at μ-opioid receptors (μ-receptors) are used for pain management but produce adverse effects including tolerance, dependence and euphoria. The co-administration of a μ-receptor agonist with a δ-opioid receptor (δ-receptor) antagonist has been shown to produce antinociception with reduced development of some side effects. We characterized the effects of three μ-receptor agonist/δ-receptor antagonist peptidomimetics in vivo after acute and repeated administration to determine if this profile provides a viable alternative to traditional opioid analgesics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Three μ-receptor agonist / δ-receptor antagonist peptidomimetics, AAH8, AMB46 and AMB47, and morphine were evaluated for the development of tolerance and dependence after 5 days of twice daily treatment with escalating doses of drug (10-50 mg·kg-1 ). Antinociceptive effects were measured in the warm water tail withdrawal assay before and after repeated drug treatment. Physical dependence was evaluated by naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal jumping. The rewarding effects of AAH8 were evaluated using a conditioned place preference (CPP) assay with twice daily conditioning sessions performed for 5 days. KEY RESULTS Morphine, AAH8, AMB47 and AMB46 all demonstrated acute antinociceptive effects, but repeated administration only produced tolerance in animals treated with morphine and AMB46. Injection of naltrexone precipitated fewer jumps in mice treated repeatedly with AAH8 as compared with morphine, AMB47 or AMB46. Conditioning with morphine, but not AAH8, produced significant CPP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AAH8 may be a better alternative than traditional opioid analgesics, producing antinociception with less development of tolerance and dependence and may be less rewarding than morphine.
In Translation: School Leaders Learning in and from Leadership Practice While Confronting Pressing Policy Challenges.

Background/ContextWorldwide, principals face enormous challenges while translating policies and mandates for which they are accountable into their mission and practice. While some of these school-l...
IMPACT OF HURRICANES ON SEDIMENTATION IN ESTUARIES, BAYS, AND LAGOONS

Abstract: Hurricane-generated processes that affect coastal sedimentation include storm surges which create strong currents and carry in suspended and bedload sediments, wave action, and flooding resulting from heavy rainfall. A single storm can cause more erosion and deposition in an estuary within a few hours than would occur in decades under normal conditions. The temperature-salinity stratification of the estuary may be drastically altered by the storm and remain so for weeks. The impact of a given storm will vary depending upon the size, speed of movement, and path of the storm, as well as upon certain characteristics of the affected coastal area, such as slope of adjacent continental shelf and shoreline configuration. There are many documented cases in the literature of hurricane impacts on coastal water bodies, including: (1) building of washover fans into Texas bays; (2) formation of tidal inlets and building of tidal deltas and washover fans into mid-Atlantic estuaries; (3) storm sediment layers deposited in subtidal areas of the lagoons of the Great Bahama Bank and the Florida Keys; (4) widespread deposition of thin shell lag and laminated sand layers in mangrove-bordering bays of southwest Florida; (5) mud layers deposited over extensive areas of the supratidal flats of the Great Bahama Bank, Florida Bay, and South Texas; (6) growth of fan-deltas into Texas bays as the result of heavy rains affiliated with hurricanes; and (7) extreme modification of estuarine circulation and sedimentation patterns in Chesapeake Bay as the result of record flooding caused by Hurricane Agnes (1972).
Academic, Social, and Psychological Functioning

As discussed in Chap. 1, increasing numbers of high school students with ADHD are attending college, and approximately 25 % of college students who receive disabilities services are identified with ADHD (Wolf, 2001; Wolf, Simkowitz, & Carlson, 2009). Relative to children and adults with ADHD, however, research studies regarding the college student population are scarce. The purpose of this chapter is to review available information concerning the academic, social, and psychological functioning of college students with ADHD.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures

The advent of improved surgical instrumentation and advances in healthcare have driven the rapidly evolving field of orthopedics. There has been a trend toward minimally invasive surgery in order to improve cosmesis, minimize soft tissue trauma, and allow superior fracture healing by minimally disturbing the biological environment around the fracture. Minimally invasive joint replacement surgery, arthroscopic surgery, and locking screw technology have been some of the newer developments in orthopedics that have significantly altered patient care and potentially the outcomes that can be achieved. In this regard, fractures of the distal radius have also been reexamined to see if minimally invasive surgery would be possible in treating this increasingly common fracture of the upper extremity and one of the leading reasons for visits to the emergency room.
Radiopharmaceutical Evaluation of Tc-99m Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate

The radiopharmaceutical purity and stability of Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate were studied over a ten-week period using miniaturized chromatography to evaluate levels of both free pertechnetate and hydrolyzed reduced Tc-99m. Results showed good preparation stability up to 4 hr postformulation even when 400 mCi of activity was added. After 4 hr postformulation, some inconsistent radiopharmaceutical degradation was observed. Both old and new formulations of Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate were very sensitive to air introduction. The new formulation was less sensitive to air oxidation because of higher stannous chloride and gentisic acid levels. We stress careful technique when dispensing Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate in order to minimize any air introduction.
You're like me, no matter what you say: Self projection in self-other comparisons

The present research explores self-projection as a determinant of judgments of another person, but departs from past research by allowing research participants to gain individuating information about the other person in aconversational format. 72 college students first completed a checklist of bad study habits. Next, in pairs, they discussed their study habits while being video-taped. Participants then rated their own study habits and their conversation partner's study habits. Participants' ratings of their own study habits robustly predicted their ratings of their partners' study habits. The number of bad study habits the partner mentioned during the conversation had no significant effect on participants' ratings of their partner. By seeking common conversational ground, discussion partners appear to have created a perception of greater similarity between themselves and the other person than that which objectively existed.
Structural Basis for Regulation of METTL16, an S-Adenosylmethionine Homeostasis Factor.

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an essential metabolite that acts as a cofactor for most methylation events in the cell. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase METTL16 controls SAM homeostasis by regulating the abundance of SAM synthetase MAT2A mRNA in response to changing intracellular SAM levels. Here we present crystal structures of METTL16 in complex with MAT2A RNA hairpins to uncover critical molecular mechanisms underlying the regulated activity of METTL16. The METTL16-RNA complex structures reveal atomic details of RNA substrates that drive productive methylation by METTL16. In addition, we identify a polypeptide loop in METTL16 near the SAM binding site with an autoregulatory role. We show that mutations that enhance or repress METTL16 activity in vitro correlate with changes in MAT2A mRNA levels in cells. Thus, we demonstrate the structural basis for the specific activity of METTL16 and further suggest the molecular mechanisms by which METTL16 efficiency is tuned to regulate SAM homeostasis.
Epigenetic Control of Oocyte Development

Abstract Epigenetic modifications acquired during oocyte growth are essential for transcriptional regulation, establishment of maternal DNA methylation imprints, and the maintenance of chromosome stability. Human and mouse oocytes exhibit a unique nuclear organization that is subject to dynamic changes in a large-scale chromatin structure regulated by chromatin remodeling proteins and histone posttranslational modifications. Functional differentiation of chromatin structure or epigenetic maturation confers the oocyte with full meiotic and developmental potential. Establishment of DNA methylation occurs on a locus-by-locus basis, and both histone modifications as well as transcription at regulatory sequences dictate the placing and timing of methylation marks at specific genes. The presence of germ cell-specific epigenetic modifications may also be vital for the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Importantly, large-scale chromatin remodeling is indispensable for meiotic centromere function and accurate chromosome segregation. Yet, these key mechanisms are susceptible to environmental disruptions and reproductive senescence, leading to increased oocyte aneuploidy. Understanding the regulation of epigenetic maturation is crucial to determining the effect of environmental or hormonal disruptions on oocyte quality and to uncover the epigenetic origins of aneuploidy.
Abdominal Manifestations of Neuroendocrine Tumors

Despite being rare, the incidence and prevalence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is rising. They are a heterogeneous group of tumors with differences in clinical presentations, genetics, and imaging features. Advances in pathological classification, imaging (including recent radiotracer approval for functional imaging in the Unites States), and therapy have impacted management of these tumors. It is important in the multidisciplinary approach to patient care to be familiar with the tumor biology, imaging techniques for diagnosis and staging, and therapeutic options. This article will discuss these new developments, particularly focusing on pancreatic and small bowel NETs.
A Functional Unfolded Protein Response Is Required for Normal Vegetative Development

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in plants in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and plays an important role in mitigating stress damage. Multiple factors act in the UPR, including the membrane-associated transcription factor, BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER 17 (bZIP17), and the membrane-associated RNA splicing factor, INOSITOL REQUIRING ENZYME1 (IRE1). We have analyzed an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ire1a ire1b bzip17 triple mutant, with defects in stress signaling, and found that the mutant is also impaired in vegetative plant growth under conditions without externally applied stress. This raised the possibility that the UPR functions in plant development in the same manner as it does in responding to stress. bZIP17 is mobilized to the nucleus in response to stress, and through the analysis of a mobilization-defective bZIP17 mutant, we found that to support normal plant development bZIP17 must be capable of mobilization. Likewise, through the analysis of ire1 mutants defective in either protein kinase or RNase activities, we found that both must be operative to promote normal development. These findings demonstrate that the UPR, which is associated with stress responses in plants, also functions under unstressed conditions to support normal development.
Female Medicaid Enrollees with Disabilities and Discussions with Health Care Providers About Contraception/Family Planning and Sexually Transmitted Infections

For women with disabilities in particular, there is a need for information about both contraception and planning for a baby and preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The study purpose was to determine which variables were associated with whether health care providers discussed birth control or planning for a baby and what enrollees can do to prevent STIs among a sample of female Medicaid enrollees with disabilities. A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study of 584 female Medicaid enrollees in a Midwestern state. Independent variables included demographics, community participation, experiences with primary care providers and care coordinators, whether the survey was completed by the enrollee, the level of activities of daily living help needed, and whether or not they could see the same doctors after transition to Medicaid managed care. Outcome variables were whether or not women with disabilities had conversations with their health care providers about preventing STIs and also birth control/planning for a baby. Results indicate that women’s likelihood of having conversations about sexual health with their health care provider varied significantly between participants of different age, ethnic, and racial groups, as well as between women with varying levels of independence. Further research should explore why particular groups of female Medicaid enrollees with disabilities are more or less likely to have these conversations with their providers.
Linear algebra teaching and learning: themes from recent research and evolving research priorities

In this survey paper, we describe the state of the field on linear algebra research. We synthesize themes, questions, results, and perspectives emphasized in the papers that appear in this issue, as well as a selection of those published between 2008 and 2017. We highlight the extensive base of empirical research detailing how students reason about a variety of topic areas in linear algebra, as well as studies that provide evidence of promising directions for supporting students’ success through various teaching interventions and experiments in the classroom. From this survey paper, we identify areas for future research into the teaching and learning of this increasingly important area for modern applications.
“Mom, You Don’t Get It”: A Critical Examination of Multiracial Emerging Adults’ Perceptions of Parental Support:

Multiracial families are becoming increasingly common in the United States, yet there is a dearth of research examining how parents of Multiracial youth provide support for navigating challenges as...
Differences in race and other state-level characteristics and associations with mortality from COVID-19 infection.

As reporting of COVID‐19 at the US state level has become more granular, many states have reported a higher proportion of deaths among African‐Americans. In our study, we assessed state level data on race, population density, age, obesity rates, insurance data, GDP, per capita healthcare resources (hospital‐beds/ventilators per‐capita), median household income and high‐school graduation rates. We report a higher death rate among states with a greater proportion of African‐American residents despite adjusting for case rates and state‐level factors. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study looking at state level data (from across the US) and mortality with COVID‐19.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Simulating diffusion from a cluster of point sources using propagation integrals

A computational methodology to simulate the diffusion of ions from point sources (e.g., ion channels) is described. The outlined approach computes the ion concentration from a cluster of many ion channels at pre-specified locations as a function of time using the theory of propagation integrals. How the channels' open/closed states evolve in time does not need to be known at the start of the simulation, but can be updated on-the-fly as the simulation goes along. The technique uses analytic formulas for the solutions of the diffusion equation for three common geometries: (1) ions diffusing from a membrane (planar symmetry); (2) ions diffusing into a narrow cleft for effective two-dimensional diffusion (cylindrical symmetry); and (3) ions diffusing into open space like the cytosol (spherical symmetry). Because these formulas are exact solutions valid for arbitrarily long timesteps, no spatial or time discretizations are necessary. The only discrete locations are where the ion concentration is computed, and the only discrete timesteps are when the channels' open/closed states are updated. Beyond pure diffusion, the technique is generalized to the Excess Buffer Approximation of ion chelation to give an analytic solution of this approximation of the full reaction/diffusion system. Both the pure diffusion and the diffusion/buffering algorithms scale linearly with the number of channels and the number of ion concentration locations.
Adaptive Scheduling and Trajectory Design for Power-Constrained Wireless UAV Relays.

This paper investigates the adaptive trajectory and communication scheduling design for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying random data traffic generated by ground nodes to a base station. The goal is to minimize the expected average communication delay to serve requests, subject to an average UAV mobility power constraint. It is shown that the problem can be cast as a semi-Markov decision process with a two-scale structure, which is optimized efficiently: in the outer decision, the UAV radial velocity for waiting phases and end radius for communication phases optimize the average long-term delay-power trade-off; given outer decisions, inner decisions greedily minimize the instantaneous delay-power cost, yielding the optimal angular velocity in waiting states, and the optimal relay strategy and UAV trajectory in communication states. A constrained particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to optimize these trajectory problems, demonstrating 100x faster computational speeds than successive convex approximation methods. Simulations demonstrate that an intelligent adaptive design exploiting realistic UAV mobility features, such as helicopter translational lift, reduces the average communication delay and UAV mobility power consumption by 44% and 7%, respectively, with respect to an optimal hovering strategy and by 2% and 13%, respectively, with respect to a greedy delay minimization scheme.
Guest warriors: The phenomenon of post-soviet fighters in the Syrian conflict:

A puzzling aspect of the Syrian war has been the seemingly endless infusion of foreign fighters who have fueled and sustained the conflict. Unique among these are the militants from former Soviet r...
THE BOMB OUTRAGE IN ERZSÉBETVÁROS ― AN ACTION OF POLITICAL TERRORISM IN HUNGARY, 1922

In the 1920s, paramilitary violence was an almost natural phenomenon in Hungary, like in many other countries of Central Europe. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the new right-wing government, establishing its power with the help of the Entente powers, could difficulty rule the quasi anarchistic conditions. In 1920–1921, Hungary was terrorized by irregular military formations that were formally part of the National Army, and radical right-wing soldiers committed serious crimes frequently by anti-Semitic motivations. Although paramilitary violence ceased in 1921, the militia movement lived on in the form of secret paramilitary organizations. The government used up these units, since the right-wing elite was afraid of another Communist takeover, using them as auxiliary police forces, and they also wanted to circumvent the limitations of armament of the Treaty of Trianon, also aiming to cooperate with Austrian and German radical-right paramilitary groups including Hitler’s National Socialist movement as well. Irregular soldiers became concerned in political terrorism, the bomb outrage of Erzsebetvaros that required 8 casualties on 2 April 1922. Although the police did its best to investigate the cases, most perpetrators interestingly were not sent into prison. The age of the bomb raids, as the press of the opposition called this period, finally ended with the fact that murderous, anti-Semitic terrorists remained at large, and found their places in the authoritarian conservative regime of Hungary of the 1920s. The article reconstructs certain terroristic crimes committed by the members of irregular military formations via a micro-historical case study, based on archival records of criminal suits. Furthermore, beyond the analysis of the individual cases of three different, but interrelating bomb outrages, it intends to draw general conclusions about the controversial and complex relationship between the early Hungarian paramilitary radical right-wing movements and the government, considering that several paramilitary commanders operated as influential radical right-wing politicians as well. Keywords: radical right-wing organisations, terrorism, antisemitism, paramilitarism, history of justice.
SU-E-T-233: Cyberknife Versus Linac IMRT for Dose Comparision in Hypofractionated Hemi Larynx Irradiation of Early Stage True Vocal Cord Cancer: A Dosimetric Study

Purpose: To compare dosimetric data of patients treated for early-stage larynx cancer on Cyberknife and Linac IMRT. Methods: Nine patients were treated with Cyberknife to a dose of 45 Gy in 10 fractions of the involved hemilarynx. The prescription dose provided at least 95% of PTV coverage. After Cyberknife treatment, the CT images and contours were sent to Pinnacle treatment planning system for IMRT planning on a regular SBRT linac with same dose prescription and constrains. Dose to target and normal tissue, including the arytenoids, cord, carotid arteries, thyroid, and skin, were analyzed using dose volume histograms. Results: For Cyberknife plan, the conformity indices are within 1.11–1.33. The average dose to the contralateral arytenoids for Cyberknife plans was 28.9±6.5Gy), which is lower than the same mean dose for IMRT plans (34.0±5.2 Gy). The average maximum dose to the ipsilateral and contralateral carotid artery were 20.6 ±9.1 Gy and 10.2±6.0 Gy respectively for Cybeknife comparing with 22.1±8.0 Gy and 12.0±5.1 Gy for IMRT. The mean dose to the thyroid was 3.6±2.2 Gy for Cyberknife and 3.4±2.4 Gy for IMRT. As shown in DVH, the Cyberknife can deliver less dose to the normal tissue which is close to target area comparing with IMRT Plans. However, IMRT plan’s can give more sparing for the critical organs which is far away from the target area. Conclusion: We have compared the dosimetric parameters of Cyberknife and linac IMRT plans for patients with early-stage larynx cancer. Both Cyberknife and IMRT plans can achieve conformal dose distribution to the target area. Cyberknife was able to reduce normal tissue dose in high doses region while IMRT plans can reduce the dose of the normal tissue at the low dose region. These dosimetric parameters can be used to guide future prospective protocols using SBRT for larynx cancer.
The Sun's Role in Long-Term Climate Change

Evidence suggests that changes of solar irradiance in recent centuries have provided a significant climate forcing and that the sun has been one of the principal causes of long-term climate change. During the past two decades the solar forcing has been much smaller than the climate forcing caused by increasing greenhouse gases. But it is incorrect to assume that the sun necessarily will be an insignificant player in climate change of the 21st century. Indeed, I argue that moderate success in curtailing the growth of anthropogenic climate forcings could leave the sun playing a pivotal role in future climate change.