cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elf1p, a member of the ABC class of ATPases, functions as a mRNA export factor in Schizosacchromyces pombe.

Rae1p and Mex67p/Tap are conserved mRNA export factors. We have used synthetic lethal genetic screens inSchizosaccharomyces pombe to identify mutations in genes that are functionally linked to rae1 and mex67in mRNA export. From these screens, we have isolated mutations in a putative S. pombe homologue of theCandida albicans elf1 gene. The elf1 ofS. pombe is not an essential gene. When elf1mutations are combined with rae1-167 mutation, growth and mRNA export is inhibited in the double mutants. This inhibition can be suppressed by the multicopy expression of mex67suggesting that Mex67p can substitute for the loss of Elf1p function. Elf1p is a non-membrane member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) class of ATPase and the GFP-Elf1p fusion localizes to the cytoplasm. Elf1p, expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, binds and hydrolyzes ATP. A mutant Elf1p that carries a glycine to aspartic acid (G731D) mutation within the Walker A domain of the second ATP site retains the ATP binding but loses its ATPase activity in vitro. This mutant protein no longer functions in mRNA export. Taken together, our results show that Elf1p functions as a mRNA export factor along with Rae1p and Mex67p in S. pombe.
A Social Skill Account of Problematic Internet Use

This study integrates research on social skill and self-presentation into the recently introduced cognitive-behavioral theory of generalized problematic Internet use. The model proposed and tested here predicted that individuals who lack self-presentational skill are especially likely to prefer online social interaction over face-to-face communication. Further, the model predicted that a preference for online social interaction fosters compulsive Internet use, which results in negative outcomes. Participants in this study completed measures of social skill, preference for online social interaction, compulsive Internet use, and negative outcomes associated with Internet use. Structural equation modeling analysis techniques tested the proposed model. The analysis indicated a good fit between the hypothesized model and the current data.
The Effect of Node Failures in Substar Reliability of a Star Network- a Combinatorial Approach

The star graph is a hierarchical graph, and rich in containing substars (or graphs with smaller size but with the same topological properties as the original). Given a set of faulty nodes, we determine the ability to recover substars of a given dimension from the original network. A study of the number of faulty nodes that are required to damage every subnetwork of a given size is also presented.
Air Travel by State: Its Determinants and Contributions in the United States

This article considers the regional pattern of passenger air travel in the United States, along with its determinants and effects. Passenger demand and the location of airport facilities are shown to be heavily influenced by the location of population and economic activities. This relationship is empirically examined at the state level. By combining origin and destination data with state-level economic activities, a system of two equations is tested and empirically estimated in order to capture the simultaneous impact of airport infrastructure on economic activity and economic activity on air travel. As expected, the authors find benefits to a region's having a large hub airport located within or near its boundaries. These benefits take the form of increased overall productivity. attractiveness to high-tech and high-wage firms, and, of course, the multiplier effects of direct airport and airline employment. The increased state-level economic activity, in turn, increases the passenger demand for air travel in the state.
Steroid withdrawal in kidney allograft recipients

This review highlights the aggregate of knowledge obtained from the temporal trend of kidney transplant immune suppression. We will discuss the burden of steroid side effects and their impact on quality of life in kidney allograft recipients, which have led to minimizing steroid exposure. Issues arising since the inception of the concept of steroid withdrawal will be discussed, along with how they have continually led to a shift in research focus on this subject matter. The usefulness of surveillance biopsies and how further elucidation of the pathophysiology of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy could contribute to improving long-term allograft outcomes will also be discussed. We will elaborate on the role of calcineurin inhibitor minimization alongside steroid withdrawal in improving long-term graft survival. Future expectations of subsequent studies with a view to improving overall kidney allograft outcomes by eliminating attendant problems associated with steroids will also be covered.
Differential regulation of mesangial cell mitogenesis by cAMP phosphodiesterase isozymes 3 and 4

Mesangial cell (MC) mitogenesis is regulated through “negative cross talk” between cAMP-PKA and ERK signaling. Although it is widely accepted that cAMP inhibits mitogenesis through PKA-mediated pho...
Congruence of Self-Reported Medications With Pharmacy Prescription Records in Low-Income Older Adults

Purpose: This study examined the congruence of selfreported medications with computerized pharmacy records. Design and Methods: Pharmacy records and self-reported medications were obtained for 294 members of a state pharmaceutical assistance program who also participated in ACTIVE, a clinical trial on cognitive training in nondemented elderly persons. The average age of the sample participants was 74.5 years (range ¼ 65–91); 87.8% were females. Results: Congruence between self-report and pharmacy data was generally high. Self-reports omitted drug classes in the pharmacy records less often than the pharmacy records did not include selfreported drug classes. The percentage of individuals with perfect agreement between self-reports and pharmacy records varied from 49% for major drug classes to 81% for specific cardiovascular and central nervous system drugs. Within a drug class, agreement tended to be higher for individuals without a prescription in that class. Poorer health was consistently related to poorer self-report of medications. Implications: Self-reported medications are most likely to be congruent with pharmacy records for drugs prescribed for more serious conditions, for more specific classes of drugs, and for healthier individuals.
A 1μm CMOS technology optimized for 1 mega bit DRAMs

This paper represents the outcome of a col laboratIve effort among a number of people In the Portland Technology Development Department of Intel whose names are too numerous to mention. SpecIfical Iy, the 1 Mb Process Integratlon Group, the lMb Device and Design groups, and the Basic Technology Groups have all directly participated In this project. Other groups that provided support Include Rollability Engineering, Product Engineering, and Fab Manufacturtng.
Anticoagulation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and sinus rhythm: a critical literature review.

Abstract Background: The risk of thromboembolism in chronic heart failure and the risk-to-benefit ratio of anticoagulation in this population are poorly defined. Methods and Results: A PubMed/MEDLINE search of published trials was performed. Twenty-four studies were identified after exclusion of individual case reports. All studies were prospective or retrospective observational reports, either independent studies or secondary analyses of prospective clinical trials in patients with heart failure. Prevalence estimates ranged of thromboemboli ranged from 3% to 50% and incidence estimates ranged from 1.5 to 3.5/100 patient-years. Although no randomized data of therapeutic anticoagulation were identified, a secondary analysis of one study suggested event reduction in patients receiving warfarin anticoagulation; other studies failed to suggest such benefit. Overall bleeding estimates in warfarin-treated patients ranged from 2.3 to 6.8/100 patient-years. Intracranial hemorrhage rates were 0.62 to 0.9/100 patient-years but increased with age. Only one study suggested that aspirin was beneficial in reducing clinically significant emboli. Conclusions: Although patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular dilation have a higher risk of thromboembolism, data are insufficient to recommend warfarin or aspirin prophylaxis in the absence of additional indications for such therapy.
Explaining Bureaucratic Optimism: Theory and Evidence from U.S. Executive Agency Macroeconomic Forecasts

We offer a theory of intertemporal bureaucratic decision making which proposes that an agency’s forecast optimism is related to the extent to which it discounts future reputation costs associated with bureaucratic incompetence. Agency forecasts of the distant future are more likely to be optimistic than short-term forecasts. We claim that unstable organizations will discount reputation costs at a steeper rate than stable organizations, and therefore will produce more optimistic forecasts. We test our theory using macroeconomic forecasts produced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Social Security Administration (SSA) across six forecast horizons from 1979 to 2003. The statistical results are generally consistent with our theory: OMB generates more optimistic long-term forecasts than SSA. Further, differences in forecast optimism between these executive branch agencies widen as the forecast horizon increases. Our evidence suggests that more stable agencies place a premium on minimizing reputation costs. Conversely, less stable agencies are more likely to accommodate political pressures for forecast optimism. These findings underscore the importance of institutional design for understanding how executive agencies balance the conflicting goals of political responsiveness and bureaucratic competence within the administrative state.
PRACTICAL PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATING MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODELS

Since the use of simulation is becoming widespread in traffic engineering practice, questions about the accuracy and reliability of its results need to be addressed convincingly. A major criticism related to this issue is proper calibration of the simulation parameters as well as validation, which is often not done or dealt with in an ad hoc fashion. A complete, systematic, and general calibration methodology is presented for obtaining the accuracy needed in high-performance situations. A technique for automating a significant part of the calibration process through an optimization process is also presented. The methodology is general and is implemented on a selected simulator to demonstrate its applicability. The results of the implementation in two freeway sections of reasonable size and complexity, in which detailed data were collected and compared with simulated results, demonstrate the effectiveness of the manual calibration methodology. For instance, through calibration the average volume correlation coefficient on 21 detecting stations improved from 0.78 to 0.96. Comparable results were obtained with the automated calibration procedure with significant time savings and reduced effort.
Estudio sincrónico de obsolescencia de la literatura: el caso de la Ley de Lotka

Se analiza la obsolescencia de la literatura producida sobre la Ley de Lotka hasta 2010. En ese periodo no parece haber un patron de obsolescencia deﬁnido. Sin embargo, los datos acumulados muestran una comportamiento obsolescente con una tasa de decrecimiento anual del 3.9 % y una tasa de duplicacion cada 17.4 anos. La estadistica indica un buen ajuste al modelo exponencial, con un R2 de 0.985 para la literatura a un nivel de signiﬁcancia de 0.01.
The challenge of virginia banks: an evaluation of named entity analysis in a 19th-century newspaper collection

This paper evaluates automatic extraction of ten named entity classes from a 19th century newspaper, the Civil War years of the Richmond Times Dispatch, digitized with IMLS support by the University of Richmond. This paper analyzes success with ten categories of entities prominent in these newspapers and the particular problems that these classes of named entities raise. Personal and place names are familiar but some more important categories (such as ship names and military units) illustrate some of the challenges that named entity identification confronts as it evolves into a fundamental tool not only for automatic metadata generation but also for searching and browsing as well. We conclude by suggesting the kinds of knowledge sources that digital libraries need to assemble as part of their machine readable reference collections to support named entity identification as a core service.
The History of "Exercise Is Medicine" in Ancient Civilizations.

In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, with endorsement from the American Medical Association and the Office of the Surgeon General, launched a global initiative to mobilize physicians, healthcare professionals and providers, and educators to promote exercise in their practice or activities to prevent, reduce, manage, or treat diseases that impact health and the quality of life in humans. Emerging from this initiative, termed Exercise Is Medicine, has been an extensively documented position stand by the American College of Sports Medicine that recommended healthy adults perform 150 min of moderate dynamic exercise per week. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the foundation for this global initiative and its exercise prescription for health and disease prevention has roots that began in antiquity more than two millennia ago. Individuals and concepts to remember are that Susruta of India was the first “recorded” physician to prescribe moderate daily exercise, Hippocrates of Greece was the first “recorded” physician to provide a written exercise prescription for a patient suffering from consumption, and the global influence of Galen from Rome combined with his recommendation on the use of exercise for patients in the management of disease prevailed until the 16th century. Historically intertwined with these concepts was exercise being advocated by select physicians to minimize the health problems associated with obesity, diabetes, and inactivity.
A new physical model and experimental measurements of copper interconnect resistivity considering size effects and line-edge roughness (LER)

A new closed-form effective resistivity (rhoeff) model as a function of line-edge roughness (LER), sidewall specularity p, and grain boundary scattering R is presented. There is improved physical insight to increasing resistivity than previous models. The model is validated against former simulation data and calibrated with electrical measurements of fabricated Cu interconnect test structures exhibiting an average of 14 nm LER for line widths ranging from 61 nm to 332 nm. Upon fitting the new model to experimental data, p and R are determined to be 0 and 0.79, respectively. The model is also used to interpret ITRS 2007 projections for local wire resistivity. ITRS projections for resistivity can only be achieved with very high quality interconnect structures that have nearly elastic sidewall collisions (p=0.95), low grain reflectivity (R=0.40), and no line edge roughness (LER=0nm). In fact, adding 6.0nm of LER increases rhoeff by ~20% for 2022 (11nm node). Finally, a projection with pessimistic values of p=0, R=0.5 and LER=1.0nm predicts an 87% greater rhoeff value than the ITRS 2007 projection for the 11 nm node.
Stylistic variables as related to source credibility: A content analysis approach

The hypothesis was tested that sources rated high in credibility construct messages with more listenability, human interest, vocabulary diversity, realism, and verifiability than sources rated low in credibility. Content analysis techniques applied to messages of high and low credibility sources revealed significant differences in the predicted direction along four of the five factors.
Electricity generation and nutrients removal from high-strength liquid manure by air-cathode microbial fuel cells

Air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are widely tested to recover electrical energy from waste streams containing organic matter. When high-strength wastewater, such as liquid animal manure, is used as a medium, inhibition on anode and cathode catalysts potentially impairs the effectiveness of MFC performance in power generation and pollutant removal. This study evaluated possible inhibitive effects of liquid swine manure components on MFC power generation, improved liquid manure-fed MFCs performance by pretreatment (dilution and selective adsorption), and modeled the kinetics of organic matter and nutrients removal kinetics. Parameters monitored included pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations. The removals of VFA and TAN were efficient, indicated by the short half-life times of 4.99 and 7.84 d, respectively. The mechanism for phosphate decrease was principally the salt precipitation on cathode, but the removal was incomplete after 42-d operation. MFC with an external resistor of 2.2 kΩ and fed with swine wastewater generated relatively small power (28.2 μW), energy efficiency (0.37%) and Coulombic efficiency (1.5%). Dilution of swine wastewater dramatically improved the power generation as the inhibitory effect was decreased. Zeolite and granular activated carbon were effective in the selective adsorption of ammonia or organic matter in swine wastewater, and so substantially improved the power generation, energy efficiency, and Coulombic efficiency. A smaller external resistor in the circuit was also observed to promote the organic matter degradation and thus to shorten the treatment time. Overall, air-cathode MFCs are promising for generating electrical power from livestock wastewater and meanwhile reducing the level of organic matter and nutrients.
The Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland

The pituitary gland (hypophysis ceribi) is a small organ housed in a bony cavity called the sella turcica. The sella is contained in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull. The sella turcica is separated from the rest of the cranial cavity by a thick reflection of dura called the diaphragma sella. This membraneous structure has a small central aperture through which the infundibulum (stalk) passes. This stalk connects the pituitary gland to the brain and serves as an important avenue for transport of the hypothalamic peptides to the pituitary.
Digital vascular reactivity to L-norepinephrine in the second trimester of pregnancy as a test for latent essential hypertension and toxemia.

I N 1 9 5 7 1 neurogenic vasoconstriction was estimated quantitatively by measuring blood pressure and blood flow in the digit under standardized conditions of rest and room temperature and again after vasodilatation by indirect heat supplemented by the intravenous injection of a ganglion-blocking drug. These data were converted to radius equivalents by means of PoiseuiIle's law ancl from these radius equivalents and the pressures the physical work performed by the smooth muscle of the blood vessels in changing one steady state (vasodilatation) to another (vasoconstriction) was calculated. With these methods, neurogenic vasoconstriction was demonstrated to be increased over normal values in essential hypertension. A similar procedure was subsequently applied to estimating vascular reactivity to L-norepinephrine (NE) by measuring the work of vasoconstriction produced by digital vascular smooth muscle in response to a fixed rate of infusion of NE.2 Such reactivity was found to be strikingly and uniformly increased in essential hypertension.
Who's in Charge Here? Voter Punishment of Municipal Corruption

There is a growing consensus that voters withdraw support from a politician when they receive clear information that the politician has engaged in corruption. But do voters punish an elected executive for corrupt acts carried out under his or her watch, even if the executive is not personally implicated in corruption? To answer this question, we present the results of an embedded experiment from a nationally-representative survey in Brazil. Using vignettes that describe a hypothetical mayor, we find that citizens appear willing to punish a mayor who is involved in corruption, but that punishment of the mayor is attenuated if members of the municipal administration, and not the mayor per se, are charged with corruption. The difference is particularly pronounced when corruption information comes from a credible source and among politically sophisticated respondents. Our findings point to the importance of the availability of specific and credible information in facilitating political accountability.
Language-Independent Discriminative Parsing of Temporal Expressions

Temporal resolution systems are traditionally tuned to a particular language, requiring significant human effort to translate them to new languages. We present a language independent semantic parser for learning the interpretation of temporal phrases given only a corpus of utterances and the times they reference. We make use of a latent parse that encodes a language-flexible representation of time, and extract rich features over both the parse and associated temporal semantics. The parameters of the model are learned using a weakly supervised bootstrapping approach, without the need for manually tuned parameters or any other language expertise. We achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on all languages in the TempEval2 temporal normalization task, reporting a 4% improvement in both English and Spanish accuracy, and to our knowledge the first results for four other languages.
So, Moses Walks into a Bar…The Ancient Origins of Jewish Humor

This book reviews, organizes and categorizes the humor of the Hebrew Bible, the Talmud and the Midrash, and presents it to the reader in a clear, readable, accessible manner. These works, replete with many types of humor and wit, have influenced the Jewish people in a major way over the millennia, and the authors note parallels to the classic Jewish humor of our own time. This book takes a scholarly approach to an extremely entertaining subject - and an entertaining approach to a scholarly subject.
Development Economics: An Overview

In this collection, I can therefore really only scratch the surface. My objective in this collection and especially in this introductory essay is therefore not to be comprehensive, nor to go deep into the details of the many fascinating threads that jointly make up the rich fabric of development economics. Rather, the aim is to introduce the broad themes of development economics, to familiarize the reader with central issues and seminal findings that have guided the field's evolution of the past half century or so, and to flag a number of key additional readings for those who wish to plumb particular sub-topics in greater depth.
On secure shared key establishment for mobile devices using contextual information

In this paper we first show that the Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) protocol (used by Wi-Fi Direct, the de facto adhoc communication mechanism for smartphones and mobile devices) is vulnerable to a brute-force or dictionary attack. To defend against these attacks, we propose the idea of using contextual information (i.e., data obtained from mobile device's sensors) to establish a long (128 bits) secure session key between two Wi-Fi Direct enabled devices, instead of using the keypad. Our solution, Session Key Generated from Sensors (SekGens) employs three phases. In the Quantization Phase, the key is iteratively generated based on different sensors' data. In the Reconciliation Phase, the two devices eliminate minor differences in the bits of their keys by using the Cascade reconciliation mechanism. In the Privacy-Amplification-and-Hashing Phase, the two devices omit all bits exposed during the reconciliation phase and apply hashing to the remaining secret bits. SekGens is implemented and evaluated by modifying the Android kernel code responsible for WPS in Google Nexus 5 and Samsung Galaxy S2 smartphones. The results show that SekGens generates keys with low mismatch ratio (less than 3%), at a fast rate (∼20 bits/sec), and with high entropy (∼92%).
Numerical Investigation on the Impact of Anode Change on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Aluminum Smelting Cells

In order to understand the impact of anode change on heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in aluminum smelting cells, a transient three-dimensional (3D) coupled mathematical model has been developed. The solutions of the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations were simultaneously implemented by the finite volume method with full coupling of the Joule heating and Lorentz force through solving the electrical potential equation. The volume of fluid (VOF) approach was employed to describe the two-phase flow. The phase change of molten electrolyte (bath) as well as molten aluminum (metal) was modeled by an enthalpy — based technique, where the mushy zone is treated as a porous medium with porosity equal to the liquid fraction. The effect of the new anode temperature on recovery time was also analyzed. A reasonable agreement between the test data and simulated results is obtained. The results indicate that the temperature of the bath under cold anodes first decreases reaching the minimal value and rises under the effect of increasing Joule heating, and finally returns to steady state. The colder bath decays the velocity, and the around ledge becomes thicker.
Biology, Effect on Hosts, and Control of the Azalea Leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Nursery Stock

The biology, effect on plant growth, and control of the azalea leafminer, Caloptilia azaleella (Brants), in container-grown nursery stock and landscape azaleas are reported. Azalea leafminer females survived for 5.3 d and oviposited 5.3 eggs/d. Fifty percent of the eggs were oviposited singularly on leaves. Egg development required 4.2 d at 25°C. Larval development appears to proceed through four and sometimes five instars. In the nursery and landscape, azalea leafminer populations peaked in January–March, but continuous generations occurred throughout the year. Nine species of parasitic Hymenoptera were reared from azalea leafminer larvae or pupae. Sympiesis sp. (near dolichogastor ) and Paroligonerus sp. emerged from azalea leafminer pupae and were the most abundant parasitoids. Azalea leafminer damage to azalea did not affect plant growth. Plant nutritional status and cultivar affected the infestation rate of azalea leafminer. Male response to pheromone production by female azalea leafminer was demonstrated.
Preparation of Super-Stable Gold Nanorods via Encapsulation into Block Copolymer Micelles

Gold nanorods (GNRs) have the potential to be used as imaging and hyperthermia agents for cancer theranostics. Clinical applications of as-synthesized GNRs (i.e., cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated GNRs) are currently limited by their cytotoxicity and insufficient colloidal stability. With an aim to address these problems, we developed a self-assembly processing technique for encapsulating GNRs in poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PEO-PnBA) block copolymer (BCP) micelles. This technique uses simple steps of solvent exchange processes, based on the known principles of block copolymer self-assembly. The resultant BCP-encapsulated GNRs were found to be stable against aggregation under physiological salt conditions for indefinite periods of time, which has rarely previously been achieved by other means of encapsulation.
Building Extraction from Point Cloud Using Marked Point Process

In this paper,a marked point process based method is used to extract buildings from airborne LIDAR data.At first,a Gibbs energy model is build according to the geometric feature of the object in the point cloud data.This model contains both a data coherence term which fits the objects to the data and a prior term which incorporates the prior knowledge of the object geometric properties. Then the previously defined model is optimized by the RJMCMC(Reverse Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo)algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm.Finally,fine processing removes the terrestrial points,noise points and tree crown points of the extracted objects which are mistakenly extracted as buildings,while combining adjacent objects.The method was tested with three different aerial LiDAR data sets from ISPRS.The results show that our method is capable of efficient and robust building extraction.
Memory-efficient inference in dynamic graphical models using multiple cores

We introduce the archipelagos algorithm for memory-efficient multi-core inference in dynamic graphical models. By making use of several processors running in parallel, the archipelagos algorithm uses exponentially less memory compared to basic forward-backward message passing algorithms (O(log T ) compared to O(T ) on sequences of length T ) and, under oftensatisfied assumptions on the relative speed of passing forward and backward messages, runs no slower. We also describe a simple variant of the algorithm that achieves a factor of two speedup over forward-backward on a single core. Experiments with our implementation of archipelagos for the computation of posterior marginal probabilities in an HMM validate the space/time complexity analysis: using four cores, the required memory on our test problem was reduced from 8 GB to 319 KB (a factor of 25000) relative to forwardbackward, but completed in essentially the same time. The archipelagos algorithm applies to any dynamic graphical model, including dynamic Bayesian networks, conditional random fields, and hidden conditional random fields.
Regional strategies for managing hepatocellular carcinoma.

Since hepatocellular carcinoma almost always develops in patients with underlying hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver, it cannot be viewed as a single disease. Not only does the biology of the cancer vary depending on the underlying etiology of the liver disease—hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or cirrhosis of another etiology—but also patient outcomes are determined by the interplay between tumor growth and
Nonlinear Wave Packets in Flows with Critical Layers

Etude theorique de la propagation d'onde non lineaire dans des ecoulements homogenes et cisailles stratifies. Pour un paquet d'onde, les niveaux ou la vitesse d'ecoulement est egale a la vitesse de phase ou de groupe sont des regions ou des effets non lineaires sont particulierement importants. Etude de la configuration d'ecoulement au voisinage de chacune de ces regions
Comparison and Expression of Rhizobium Meliloti Symbiotic Promoters

The ability of rhizobia to induce nodulation and to fix nitrogen requires the specific expression of certain bacterial genes. One set of these genes common to all effective Rhizobium species encodes the subunits of nitrogenase. The nitrogenase structural genes from a number of species, including R. meliloti, have been cloned and characterized. In R. meliloti, the nifHDK operon is found closely linked to other genes essential for nitrogen fixation. Within this region, the 5′ ends of two transcription units have been described. Promoter 1 (PI) controls the expression of the nifHDK operon and promoter 2 (P2) controls the expression of a second transcription unit which is synthesized in a direction opposite to the nitrogenase transcript.
muView: A Visual Analysis System for Exploring Uncertainty in Myocardial Ischemia Simulations

In this paper we describe the Myocardial Uncertainty Viewer (muView or μView) system for exploring data stemming from the simulation of cardiac ischemia. The simulation uses a collection of conductivity values to understand how ischemic regions effect the undamaged anisotropic heart tissue. The data resulting from the simulation is multi-valued and volumetric, and thus, for every data point, we have a collection of samples describing cardiac electrical properties. μView combines a suite of visual analysis methods to explore the area surrounding the ischemic zone and identify how perturbations of variables change the propagation of their effects. In addition to presenting a collection of visualization techniques, which individually highlight different aspects of the data, the coordinated view system forms a cohesive environment for exploring the simulations. We also discuss the findings of our study, which are helping to steer further development of the simulation and strengthening our collaboration with the biomedical engineers attempting to understand the phenomenon.
Systematic Routine for Setting Confidence Levels for Mean Time to Failure (MTTF)

There are circumstances where an item is intentionally tested to destruction. The purpose of this technique is to determine the failure rate (λ) of a tested item. For these items, the quality attribute is defined as how long the item will last until failure. Once the failure rate is determined from the number of survivors and total time of all items tested the mean time to failure (MTTF) which is a typical statistic for survival data analysis issues. MTTF is calculated by dividing one by failure rate (λ). From this one obtains the reliability function R(t) = e-λt where t is time. This allows the cumulative density function F(t) = 1- e-λt to be determined. This density function, f(t) = λe-λt is a negative exponential with a standard deviation (σ) = 1/λ. Thus setting a warranty policy for the tested item is difficult for the practitioner. An important property of the exponential distribution is that it is memory less. This means its conditional probability follows P(T > s + t |T > s)=P(T > t) for all s, t ≥0. The exponential distribution can be used to describe the interval lengths between any two consecutive arrival times in a homogeneous Poisson process. The purpose of this research paper is to present a simple technique to determine a realistic confidence level. Using the same technique the warranty level for the tested item can be predicted.
Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Penis

AbstractTo our knowledge we report the first case of primary adenocarcinoma of the penis. After extensive evaluation to rule out metastatic disease from other sources, partial penectomy for primary adenocarcinoma of the penis was performed. Select histological stains of the tumor failed to reveal an extra penile origin.
Distribution of Maximum and Statistical Response System

The concept of response spectra is extended and applications broadened by investigating the relevant aspects of the maximum structural response based on the random vibration theory. The asymptotic distributions of both stationary and nonstationary maximum structural responses are established and compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation. Applications of the statistical distributions of maximum response in the development of design response spectra of building-equipment systems and in the dynamic analysis of tall buildings are demonstrated.
Investigating the shape memory properties of 4D printed polylactic acid (PLA) and the concept of 4D printing onto nylon fabrics for the creation of smart textiles

3D printing is an ever growing industry that provides many benefits to the advanced manufacturing and design industry. However, parts tend to be static, rigid, and lack multi-purpose use. Recently,...
Being in One’s Place: Race, Ontology and the Killing of Trayvon Martin

The killing of Trayvon Martin along with the trial and acquittal of George Zimmerman provoked many discussions and debates: some touching upon painful issues, others just rather painful to listen to or read. What struck me most however were the conversations and opinions about what the killing, trial, and subsequent acquittal meant for our nation. What we came to learn is that the killing, trial and acquittal mean different things to different people. That fact should neither surprise us nor make us hesitant to examine, still further, the complex nature of the Trayvon Martin killing, its aftermath, and the history of our nation.
From Frustration to Flow

In June 2015, after our spring semester was finished, our grades were posted, and our offices organized for the summer (when neither of us was teaching), we were summoned to a meeting with our Dean. At the meeting, we were presented with predictions of low enrolment for the upcoming fall semester, which created the necessity for changing the courses we were scheduled to teach then.
Reconfiguration of NPC multilevel inverters to mitigate short circuit faults using back-to-back switches

The main focus of this paper is to propose a reconfiguration method to mitigate short circuit faults in a neutral point clamped multilevel inverter which is widely used as a power conversion system with distributed energy resources. Existing reconfiguration methods use either a redundant strategy or need a large number of additional devices pre-installed in the circuit; these will increase the bulk and complexity of the system. Most existing control-strategy-based methods distort the phase-toneutral voltage, which results in degradation of power quality. To maintain control-strategy-based reconfiguration, avoid significant change to the circuit topology, and avoid phase voltage distortion, a new and practical reconfiguration method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is applicable to neural point clamped (NPC) multilevel inverters at any voltage level and can mitigate short circuit faults in any device. A technique of switching series connected switches is selected to combine with the proposed reconfiguration method since it's a practical design consideration for realistic implementation. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate a five-level NPC inverter with non-idealities to verify the proposed reconfiguration method. A five-level NPC is also built and tested to experimentally verify the proposed method. Short circuit faults are injected to different devices and the proposed method is verified to quickly and effectively recover the NPC inverter from these faulty conditions.
Temptation and cheating behavior: Experimental evidence

Abstract This article presents an experiment designed to test the impact of temptation and self-selection into an opportunistic environment on an individual’s likelihood of engaging in dishonest behavior. In doing so, this experiment is the first of its kind to isolate the relationship between temptation and cheating as its primary focus, to create a randomized control group for comparative purposes, and to be conducted without deceiving subjects. The evidence shows that people who tempt themselves to cheat are more likely to cheat. Further, people who self-select into the opportunistic setting cheat to a greater extent than individuals placed into the same opportunistic condition by random assignment. There are no gender differences in choice of environment or likelihood of cheating. An individual’s self-reported value of ethics predicts honest behavior but only for subjects who consider their moral principles to be “very important” in their everyday lives. The results have direct implications for any environment where individuals can self-select into an opportunistic setting.
Field Day for a Boy Soldier

ONMYPALM, my father's medals, dead as he, cover the so-called lines of head, heart, and life. I say medals, but there are only two; my hand is not very big, even now, and the medals feel heavy. "He never wore them," my mother says with attenuated gentleness. Wrapped in coarse tissue paper that smelled of almonds and soot, they tarnished in a shallow little white box of glossy cardboard such as might have enclosed condoms. Once I found and polished them when playing soldiers in a peaked cap and silver-buttoned blazer buckled tight with two belts, one around my waist, the other over my left shoulder to make a Sam Browne. He let me flaunt them for an hour, then with a taut face, as if in some jubilant pain, made me wrap them up and give them back. That was during World War Two, when we pinned swastika flags to the map of World War One, his war, the backdrop to his four-year rise from private to sergeant, his wounding not long before the Armistice, when he was honor ably broken upward. I half-salute him with the other hand, remembering from some manual how to look him straight in the eye when at the proper distance and (how did it go exactly?) "to raise the hand smartly until the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headdress or forehead above the right eye. ..." Trying to reach him, to be in his world, I dredged up and learned by heart some peculiar things. It amused him to have a small boy, his, shoot him a stiffer-than-stiff salute. If only he could see me now. The full-blown etiquette of military compliments eludes me; holding the salute until he returns it?except he is no longer at the proper distance?I am frozen at attention. The bronze one hangs from a ring. Its ribbon is red in the center, with green and violet on either side, shaded to make the colors of two rainbows; but what holds my eye is the winged figure of Victory, prim in a toga, one hand uplifted to cup sky as if testing spring water. The head looks detach able. The feet have begun to melt, I can't think why, unless the figure is standing in the mud of the trenches. The side of the face in shadow has a halo, not above but alongside. The brass medal is all action, though, with St. George on horseback trampling the eagle shield of the enemy powers, and a skull and cross-bones (for good measure), while the sun lifts above all like an extension of the ribbon's orange watered center. If he ever wore them, he must have had the king's head outward, so 22
How to search efficiently

The only technique available for solving many important problems is searching. Since searching can be extremely costly, it is important to identify features that improve the efficiency of search algorithms. We compute the efficiency of simple backtracking, of an algorithm similar to backtracking except that it notices when the predicate is empty instead of noticing when it is unsatisfiable (the empty predicate method), of the combination of simple backtracking with the empty predicate method, and of search rearrangement backtracking (the unit clause rule combined with backtracking). The analysis is done over two sets of random problems. We also consider the algorithm based on the pure literal rule that was analyzed by Goldberg and the results he obtained. All these algorithms are simplifications of the complete Putham-David procedure, which has not been analyzed as yet (although most of its components have been analyzed). The performances of the algorithms are compared and features that lead to efficient algorithms are identified.
ACS-NSQIP risk calculator predicts cohort but not individual risk of complication following colorectal resection.

Abstract Objective Compare the ACS-NSQIP risk calculator with institutional risk for colorectal surgery. Methods Actual and predicted outcomes were compared for both cohort and individuals. Results For the cohort, the risk calculator was accurate for 7/8 outcomes; there were more serious complications than predicted (19.4 vs 14.7%, p Patients with better outcomes than predicted were current smokers (OR 4.3 95% CI 1.2–15.4), ASA ≥ 3 (OR 10.4, 95% CI 2.8–39.2), underwent total/subtotal colectomy (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–12.2) or operated by Surgeon 2 (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–11.6). Patients with serious complications who had low predicted risk had low ASA (OR 10.5, 95% CI 1.3–82.6), and underwent operation by Surgeon 2 (OR 11.8, 95% CI 2.5, 55.2). Limitations Single center study, sample size may bias subgroup analyses. Conclusions The ACS NSQIP calculator did not predict outcome better than sample risk.
The role of the innate and adaptive immune response in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and is directly attributed to its increasing incidence. The immune microenvironment surrounding HPV-associated OPSCC tumors is complex and plays a critical role in the carcinogenic process. The neoplastic mechanism includes cells of the innate immunity such as macrophages, and dendritic cells as well as cells of the adaptive immune process such as CD8+ T-cells. The intricate interactions between these two arms of the immune system allow for a pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic environment. Intensive efforts are underway to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune system's role in tumor development. This study seeks to summarize the current knowledge pertaining to role of the innate and adaptive immune response in HPV-associated OPSCC. Level of evidence 3a.
Ganglion Cyst as a Rare Complication of Hip Arthroscopy Resolved With THA: A Case Report.

Background A rare complication of hip arthroscopy is the development of a ganglion cyst. These cysts can affect structures surrounding the hip joint. In some cases, the femoral artery may be involved, leading to claudication or a pulsatile mass that can resemble an aneurysm. Case description We present the case of a 62 year-old male who complains of 3 months of right hip pain. Workup reveals a degenerative labrum with cam impingement. After a discussion of various treatment options, the patient elected for arthroscopy to correct the impingement. An anterior capsulotomy was created to establish access to the joint. Cam decompression was indicated to address the impingement. The patient developed a recurring ganglion cyst following the procedure that was not permanently prevented with cyst aspiration. Total hip arthroplasty with ganglion cyst decompression resolved the ganglion cyst and resolved the hip pain. Conclusions This is the first case report that describes the development of a ganglion cyst following hip arthroscopy. Arthroplasty and ganglion cyst decompression in the presence of degenerative joint disease presents a viable treatment option for these cysts. Additionally, this case suggests interportal capsulotomy closure may prevent ganglion cyst development and should be considered when performing hip arthroscopy.
Gentrification in the U.S. New South: Evidence from two types of African American communities in Charlotte

Abstract Neighborhood development in the U.S. New South offers a rich historical diversity reflecting different growth patterns during their initial development and a longer history of African American residential experiences. Previous studies indicate certain neighborhood racial characteristics cancel conditions known to encourage gentrification, such as proximity to downtown. While recent gentrification literature has offered contradictory findings about the importance of neighborhoods with a majority African American population, a key aspect missing from this debate is how U.S. New South cities are set apart from other regions by displaying processes of industrialization, segregation, and immigration that form low-density spatial patterns of urbanization. To that end, Charlotte, NC is used as a case study to reveal how two types of African American neighborhoods near new growth centers, rim villages and streetcar suburbs, become gentrified. Our research reveals that while dynamics of economic change restructure neighborhoods in Charlotte, they also destabilize infrastructure that supports economically and socially struggling African American communities. As mid-sized U.S. New South cities continue to grow, our viewpoint argues that more thorough and geographically sensitive studies are needed to address localized impacts of gentrification on minority neighborhoods to form site specific anti-gentrification strategies.