cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photosynthesis and freeze tolerance comparisons of the newly released “ambersweet” hybrid with “valencia” orange

Abstract Two-year-old trees of “Ambersweet”, a newly released citrus hybrid of “Clementine” tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) x “Orlando” tangelo (C. paradisi Macf. x C. reticulata) x midseason sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.). Osbeck], were tested and compared for photosynthetic performance and chilling tolerance in controlled-temperature chambers, using “Valencia” sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck],trees of the same age and on similar rootstocks. In vitro activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and concentrations of chlorophyll and nonstructural carbohydrates of Ambersweet leaves were lower than for Valencia leaves during nonhardening and cold-hardening conditions. Both varieties, however, had similar rates of leaf photosynthesis. Freeze tests at −6.7 and −8°C for 3 hr showed that cold hardiness of Ambersweet trees was comparable to that of Valencia sweet orange. It is expected that Ambersweet would compete favorably with Valencia as well as other existing sweet orange types for new world markets.
A Transformational Theory of Organizations

This paper describes the key concepts of a transformational theory of organizations and discusses its validity as a practical conceptual framework. The authors argue that transformational theory, based largely on the theories of the Swiss psychologist, Carl Jung, provides a way of conceptualizing organizational process by clarifying and grounding a number of critical innovations of organizational practice. The authors characterize transformational theory's basic assumptions—the ontological commitment, the epistemological commitment, praxis, the theory of social relationships-and highlight the distinctive nature of these assumptions compared to more traditional organization theories.
When is precancerous actually postcancerous

Demonstration that certain rare cancer-related mutations can (i) be shared by adjoining benign and cancerous tumor regions or (ii) be present solely in a cancerous but not in an adjoining benign tumor region are data often cited in strong support of the conventional idea that benign tumor regions consist of precancerous cells. However, considering the well-documented evidence that many malignant cell types are still capable of regression through differentiation, one can envisage an alternative (or coincident) scenario whereby (i) mutations are shared by adjoining benign and cancerous tumor regions because a cancer cell with a non-differentiation-impairing mutation differentiates into a benign (postcancerous) cell or (ii) mutations are present solely in a cancerous tumor region because a cancer cell acquires a differentiation-impairing mutation that prevents its regression into a benign cell. Only with higher-resolution lineage analyses of a type not yet performed but experimentally feasible can these scenarios be distinguished. Accordingly, it is quite possible that common cancers regularly differentiate, such that a benign tumor region may actually harbor not only precancerous but also postcancerous cells. Demonstration of this phenomenon and elucidation of its mechanism could lead to novel therapeutics designed to effect reversion of the more common cancers that, when in advanced stages, are notoriously inadequately treated by current cytotoxic regimens.
Selective roles for TATA‐binding‐protein‐associated factors in vivo

Transcription factor TFIID, a central component of the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, is a multiprotein complex containing the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs). In vitro, TAFs are required for the response to activator proteins, but they are dispensible for basal transcription. However, recent work in yeast cells indicates that TAFs are not generally required for transcriptional activation, but rather have selective effects on gene expression. Molecular mechanisms for these observations are considered.
LCE: a link-based cluster ensemble method for improved gene expression data analysis

Motivation It is far from trivial to select the most effective clustering method and its parameterization, for a particular set of gene expression data, because there are a very large number of possibilities. Although many researchers still prefer to use hierarchical clustering in one form or another, this is often sub-optimal. Cluster ensemble research solves this problem by automatically combining multiple data partitions from different clusterings to improve both the robustness and quality of the clustering result. However, many existing ensemble techniques use an association matrix to summarize sample-cluster co-occurrence statistics, and relations within an ensemble are encapsulated only at coarse level, while those existing among clusters are completely neglected. Discovering these missing associations may greatly extend the capability of the ensemble methodology for microarray data clustering. Results The link-based cluster ensemble (LCE) method, presented here, implements these ideas and demonstrates outstanding performance. Experiment results on real gene expression and synthetic datasets indicate that LCE: (i) usually outperforms the existing cluster ensemble algorithms in individual tests and, overall, is clearly class-leading; (ii) generates excellent, robust performance across different types of data, especially with the presence of noise and imbalanced data clusters; (iii) provides a high-level data matrix that is applicable to many numerical clustering techniques; and (iv) is computationally efficient for large datasets and gene clustering. Availability Online supplementary and implementation are available at: http://users.aber.ac.uk/nii07/bioinformatics2010. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Organizing the Baby Boomer Construct: An Exploration of Marketing, Social Systems, and Culture

Baby boomer trends are applied in the development of a conceptual framework that offers a social systems and cultural model for future studies. While there has been considerable recent attention paid to baby boomers, the studies lack a coherent theoretical base that would allow for more advanced and continuing research. Aging baby boomers heading into retirement present excellent research opportunities for scholars.
Continuous Dataflow Update Strategies for Mission-Critical Applications

Continuous data flows complement scientific work-flows by allowing composition of real time data ingest and analytics pipelines to process data streams from pervasive sensors and "always-on" scientific instruments. Such data flows are mission-critical applications that cannot suffer downtime, need to operate consistently, and are long running, but may need to be updated to fix bugs or add features. This poses the problem: How do we update the continuous dataflow application with minimal disruption? In this paper, we formalize different types of dataflow update models for continuous dataflow applications, and identify the qualitative and quantitative metrics to be considered when choosing an update strategy. We propose five dataflow update strategies, and analytically characterize their performance trade-offs. We validate one of these consistent, low-latency update strategies using the Floe dataflow engine for an eEngineering application from the Smart Power Grid domain, and show its relative performance benefits against a naive update strategy.
Collectivistic orientation in teams: an individual and group-level analysis

With the increasing use of work teams in U.S. industry, understanding team members' collectivistic orientation toward group goals and activities is critical for developing cooperative and productive teams. Using the research on expectancy theory, self-efficacy, locus of control, and individualism–collectivism, collectivism is examined as both an individual difference variable and a group composition variable. One hundred and forty-eight individuals (comprising 33 groups) working on a complex and interdependent task comprised the research sample. Results indicated that individual difference variables of self-efficacy for teamwork, need for social approval, and positive past experience working in teams were related to self-report collectivism. Additionally, team collectivistic orientation was examined as a group composition variable and found to be related to cooperative team behaviors. In turn, these cooperative team behaviors acted as a mediator of the relationship between team collectivistic orientation and team performance. Results are discussed in terms of theory building and applied research. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lattice Dynamics of KCN and NaCN in the Anti‐Ferroelectric Phase

A simple force constant model is described which allows the zone-center normal mode frequencies of potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide in their ordered anti-ferroelectric phase to be calculated. The degree of translational—librational coupling is deduced from the eigenvectors, and relative Raman and infrared intensities are estimated. Results are compared with available experimental data, and good agreement is obtained for KCN. The simple model is, however, unable to fully explain the observed Raman intensity distribution in NaCN, and possible additional contributing mechanisms are briefly discussed. Ein einfaches Kraftkonstantenmodell wird beschrieben, das erlaubt, die Frequenzen der Zonenzentrennormalmode von Kaliumzyanid und Natriumzyanid in der geordneten antiferroelektrischen Phase zu berechnen. Der Grad der Translations—Librations-Kopplung wird aus den Eigenvektoren bestimmt, und die relativen Raman- und Infrarot-Intensitaten werden berechnet. Die Ergebnisse werden mit verfugbaren experimentellen Werten verglichen, und es wird fur KCN gute Ubereinstimmung erhalten. Das einfache Modell kann jedoch nicht die beobachtete Raman-Intensitatsverteilung in NaCN erklaren, und mogliche zusatzlich beitragende Mechanismen werden kurz diskutiert.
Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly: Selected longitudinal findings

The aim of this report is to present key findings from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly. This unique study began in 1993–1994 with 3050 Mexican–Americans aged 65 years or older who lived in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Texas (USA). The subsequent four waves of data collection span 11 years and interviews will be conducted again in the Spring of 2007. Although this population has been observed to have lower than expected mortality rates, they continue to suffer from chronic health problems and disability to the same extent as other racial and ethnic groups. In addition, they are at higher risk for inappropriate medication use and inadequate health insurance coverage. The implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Health and Oral Health Care Needs and Health Care-Seeking Behavior Among Homeless Injection Drug Users in San Francisco

Few existing studies have examined health and oral health needs and treatment-seeking behavior among the homeless and injection drug users (IDUs). This paper describes the prevalence and correlates of health and oral health care needs and treatment-seeking behaviors in homeless IDUs recruited in San Francisco, California, from 2003 to 2005 (N = 340). We examined sociodemographic characteristics, drug use patterns, HIV status via oral fluid testing, physical health using the Short Form 12 Physical Component Score, self-reported needs for physical and oral health care, and the self-reported frequency of seeking medical and oral health care. The sample had a lower health status as compared to the general population and reported a frequent need for physical and oral health care. In bivariate analysis, being in methadone treatment was associated with care-seeking behavior. In addition, being enrolled in Medi-Cal, California’s state Medicaid program, was associated with greater odds of seeking physical and oral health care. Methamphetamine use was not associated with higher odds of needing oral health care as compared to people who reported using other illicit drugs. Homeless IDUs in San Francisco have a large burden of unmet health and oral health needs. Recent cuts in Medi-Cal’s adult dental coverage may result in a greater burden of oral health care which will need to be provided by emergency departments and neighborhood dental clinics.
VITAMIN B12Co60 READILY PASSES THE PLACENTA INTO FETAL ORGANS AND NURSING PROVIDES B12 FROM MOTHER TO PUP : A RECORD OF ITS DISTRIBUTION

The placenta is permeable to B12Co60. Together with salts, sugar, amino acids, vitamins, and proteins, the B12 is contributed to the growing embryos from the mother's body stores. At birth, the placenta contains a liberal amount of B12, which the mother regains by ingestion of the placentas. Nursing draws a liberal amount of B12Co60 from the mother's stores and contributes it to the body of the pups where it is absorbed and distributed in the various organs, much as noted when adult dogs are injected with B12Co60. A redistribution is noted as the months pass; but the high values in the heart, liver, and gastric mucosa persist, and the brain usually shows a slow increase. Enterohepatic circulation of B12 may involve bile and enteric content plus hepatic, gastric, and pancreatic epithelial secretion. This type of body recycling of radioactive B12 is discussed but not proven. High values of B12 in the heart, brain, gastric mucosa, and liver indicate that the vitamin is functionally active, not an inert fraction.
An object-oriented framework for simulating full truckload transportation networks

In this paper, we discuss the design and use of an object- oriented framework for simulating full truckload (FTL) networks. We present a context for how the framework can be used through its application to an example trucking network. In addition, we describe the design by examining the major conceptual artifacts within the object- oriented model. The framework is built on a Java Simulation Library (JSL) and permits easy modeling and execution of simulation models. The example and discussion indicate the capabilities and flexibility of modeling with the framework. In addition, we summarize our future research efforts to model other transportation networks.
Impact of Graphene Edges on Enhancing the Performance of Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

The inherently large surface area and electrical conductivity of graphene-like electrodes have motivated extensive research for their use in supercapacitors. Although these properties are beneficial for the electric double layer (EDL) capacitance, the full utilization of graphene is curtailed by its intrinsically limited quantum capacitance due to the low density of electronic states near the neutrality point. While recent work has demonstrated that modifications to graphene can generally mitigate this limitation, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of graphene edges, which can be created during synthesis and post-treatment, has yet to be reported. Using a theoretical approach, we investigate the influence of graphene edges on both the quantum and EDL capacitances using edge-passivated zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) in [BMIM][PF6] ionic liquid as model systems. Our findings show that the presence of edges improves the quantum capacitance by increasing the electronic density of states, which is fur...
Fiber optic sensor for joint angle measurement

Miniaturized joint-angle sensors are required, among other applications, for neuromuscular stimulation prosthetic systems, in order to determine the finger position and provide feedback control. A fiber-optic transducer design for this purpose is proposed. Light passing through a joint between two fibers undergoes intensity modulation due to the angular misalignment between them. This intensity change, recorded as a voltage change by a photodiode, is then used as a measure of the joint angle of the finger on which the sensor is placed. >
Comparison of Sterilization Values from Heat Penetration and Spore Count Reduction in Agltating Retorts

Sterilization values from heat penetration (Fo) and spore count reduction (IS) were simultaneously measured in 7% food starch heated in 300 × 404 cans in an agitating retort. Thermal inactivation of the spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus was characterized by a 4 min lag period, a D121.1 of 2.5 min, and a z of 8.2C°. Differences between IS and Fo were influenced by retort temperature, lag in inactivation, and z-value, for Fo values from 5 to 15. IS was generally higher than Fo for retort temperatures above 121.1°C. F values using the z of 8.2°C compared favorably to IS (corrected for the inactivation lag period) for retort temperatures between 115.0° and 126.1°C.
Generic concepts in the Actinocrinitidae Austin and Austin, 1842 (class Crinoidea) and evaluation of generic assignments of species

The family Actinocrinitidae was a significant contributor to the global biodiversity peak of crinoids that occurred during the Mississippian and is referred to as the “Age of Crinoids.” Although the actinocrinitids are a major component of that high diversity, they are also a source of much taxonomic confusion. Previously, generic concepts were not applied equally between Europe and North America creating disparity in the definition of genera. In this contribution, all genera are defined objectively by discrete characters, and the generic assignments of all species are reevaluated. Twenty genera are described. A total of 206 species were evaluated of which 56 species and one taxon in open nomenclature are reassigned to different genera, 21 species are designated as nomina dubia, and three species and one genus are now incertae sedis.A phylogenetic hypothesis is presented for the relationships of the genera of Actinocrinitidae genera based on a parsimony-based analysis and plotted against stratigraphic ranges. Although groupings were revealed in this analysis, the Actinocrinitidae cannot be readily subdivided into subfamilies. Rapid diversification occurred during the Tournaisian following the Hangenberg Extinction of probable fish predators. The late Devonian (Famennian) occurrence of the highly derived genera Abactinocrinus and Physetocrinus suggests there is a more extensive, but undocumented, evolutionary history for the Actinocrinitidae during the Devonian.
Hmong American Adolescents’ Perceptions of Ethnic Socialization Practices

Guided by an ecological framework, this study explored ethnic socialization practices from the perspective of Southeast Asian American adolescents. Defined as a multidimensional construct that is c...
Performance of Simple Multiplexer--Concentrators for Data Communication

Multiplexer-concentrators (or asynchronous multiplexers) are devices used to increase the efficiency of telecommunication systems into which the flow of information is erratic. In the analysis of such systems, many assumptions about the statistical nature of the input traffic can be made. The assumptions made here are constant message length, constrained buffer size, and finite number of message sources. The numerical technique given copes with the case of multiple output trunks, and the complete statistical behavior of the system is revealed in transient as well as steady-state form. Results are given graphically which show the effect of various statistical assumptions, the transient response of the system, the behavior of the tail of the distribution of queue states, and the effect of message clustering.
Analysis of interdiffusion of Dy, Nd, and Pr in Mg

The diffusion characteristics of Mg–rare-earth diffusion couples were studied. Cylinders of pure Mg and rare earth (Dy, Nd, and Pr) were abutted and annealed at 500 °C for 100 h or 300 h. Point-by-point composition profiles were collected starting in pure Mg, across the diffusion zone, and ending in the pure rare earth, using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy with a scanning electron microscope. The intermetallic phases that resulted due to diffusion were identified and compared to existing phase diagrams, for which the data is limited. For each diffusion couple, a plot of concentration versus distance perpendicular to the original plane of contact was obtained and analyzed using the Boltzman–Matano method. The interdiffusion coefficients for each set of phases were then calculated. The results show that diffusion through the intermetallic phases is much slower than is expected in a solid solution.
On “Medicare mandate for claims-based functional data collection…” [editorial]. Resnik L. Phys Ther. 2013;93:587–588.

In her editorial for the May issue of PTJ ,1 Resnik discussed a topic that has seemed to have eluded our practice to varying extents but has serious implications to how we practice as physical therapists—that is, operationalizing functional reporting using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).2 The World Health Assembly approved the ICF in 2001 as the universal model and classification system to describe the functioning of individuals with various health conditions; the ICF is universal in that it can be used across health care, geographic, and cultural settings. Twelve years later, with the Medicare requirement, the field of physical therapy in the United States is witnessing a positive change in terms of systematically implementing the ICF in clinical practice. For better or worse, it took a governmental mandate to formally initiate the change; nevertheless, it is a step in the right direction and for a good reason, and, truly, it is about time. In July …
The Influence of Managerial Ability and Size of Farm on the Efficiency of Agricultural Production

The plan may call for a considerable increase in the acreage and on paper the plan looks fine and workable. However, it is a mistake to forget that the plan may have been suggested for a man who has already demonstrated his inability to manage a small business, let alone one greatly enlarged. This type of farm planning would be as much of a mistake as recommending registered livestock to a farmer who has failed to handle grade stock efficiently. Plans may provide for ways and means of enlarging the size of farm, but they may fail to provide a plan for increasing the managerial ability of the farmer. The number of acres is a measure of size of farm, but it seems that perhaps we should be as much concerned about size of business as size of farm, when thinking about efficiency of agricultural production. When thinking of size of business, acres is only one measure of
Managing Problem Drinking: Screening Tools and Brief Interventions for Primary Care Physicians

A high percentage of patients seen in primary care clinics partake in excessive alcohol consumption. It leads to numerous health problems and remains one of the leading risk factors for chronic disease. Despite the health concerns, screening for and intervening in patients' alcohol misuse has yet to become standard practice in many primary care settings. There is well-established empirical evidence that brief doctor-patient interactions reduce alcohol consumption among excessive drinkers in primary care settings. This article draws on randomized controlled trials and literature on screening techniques, motivational interviewing, the transtheoretical model of behavior change, and medication-assisted treatments to enhance brief intervention methodology. Through this review, evidence-based practical strategies are presented to primary care doctors that reduce alcohol consumption in patients screened as problem drinkers. Referral information for those individuals with severe drinking problems is included. We propose that short, multicomponent interventions are most effective when they include interventions that utilize the lifestyle medicine philosophy, a nonjudgmental therapeutic alliance, and account for patient concerns more directly.
Methyldopa: Physicochemical Characterization of the Erythrocyte Autoantibody

A modification of the Polybrene technique for red blood cell antibody characterization has been employed to differentiate the panhemagglutinins arising during methyldopa administration from those accompanying other disease states. Dissociation characteristics of methyldopa-associated antigen-antibody complexes were determined by temperature gradient dissociation technique. Data obtained by this technique for cell-bound antibody were found to distinguish this antibody from those accompanying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Pronestyl therapy. Graphic data derived from temperature gradient dissociation curves at varying antibody concentrations were obtained for the methyldopa-induced serum antibodies. Results obtained with samples from all six patients were found to be relatively uniform in relation to each other, and different from similarly derived results for red cell antibodies accompanying idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Hodgkin’s disease. By means of these procedures, as well as standard blood banking techniques, distinguishing features are described that permit in vitro segregation of these distinct groups of red cell autoantibodies.
Analysis on current state of the resource of health education in Shantou Municipal CDC

Objective The study was made to provide a basis for the construction of professional talent team, equipment, and allocation of equipment resource, and planning and formulation of policies associated with health education in order to meet the growing demands on health education of disease prevention and control. Methods Unified report forms from the individual districts and counties as data resource,research and analysis were conducted on the composition of professionals, equipment, fund with the requirement of the ministries and provinces as control. Results It was found that there were five CDCs in Shantou City, and fund lack, professional shortage and badly equipment heavily restricted the development of health education. Conclusion It is very necessary to reinforce the input in all aspects for health education based on the requirement of current situation and to promote and speed up the all-round the development of health education and to meet the demand of the society and the people.
Analysis on relationship between indica-japonica differentiation in restorer line R6547 pedigree and heterosis

In this study,the Cheng's index(CHI) and SSR(simple sequence repeats) molecular markers were used to study indica-japonica differentiation in restorer liner R6547 genealogical materials of Fengyouxiangzhang hybrid rice.The parental CHI and PJC(partial japonica coefficient) ranged from 6-18,0.13-0.24,respectively.Some parents were differed in classification by CHI and PJC.The correlation analysis showed that a positive correlation was identified between CHI,PJC and spikelets per panicle,fertile spikelet number,yield per plant of parents and hybrid F1,which indicated that increasing japonica content in parent was the-important-factor for realizing high-yield hybrid F1.At the chromosome segment level,japonica content at the chromosome 4,9 will benefit the formation of yield heterosis.As the same yield component factor is influenced by japonica genetic factors at multi-chromosome,japonica genetic factors at the same chromosome influence multi-yield component factors.So,the proper percentage and reasonable distribution of indica and japonica genetic factors in R6547 are the key to realize heterosis.
Interaction of low-density lipoproteins of serum with hemin

The interaction of low-density lipoproteins of human serum with hemin and the nature of the oxidative denaturation of low-density lipoproteins of serum catalyzed by hemin was studied by means of spectrophotometric and ultracentrifugal analyses and by manometric methods. The results indicated that a complex was formed in vitro between hemin and isolated serum low-density lipoproteins. The peroxidation of the low-density lipoproteins was enhanced in the presence of low concentrations of hemin, approximately 1 to 10 mg of hemin per gram of lipoproteins. At higher concentrations, the catalytic effect of the hemin was depressed. Progressive increases in the amount of hemin associated with the lipoproteins and progressive decreases in the flotation rate of the lipoproteins were noted as more hemin was added. In unfractionated serum, a preferential association of hemin with the albumin fraction and with high-density lipoproteins minimized the association of hemin with low-density lipoproteins. Although the mode of association between isolated low-density lipoproteins and hemin was not clarified, most of the hemin molecules appeared to associate loosely with the protein moieties of low-density lipoproteins.
SU-D-201-05: On the Automatic Recognition of Patient Safety Hazards in a Radiotherapy Setup Using a Novel 3D Camera System and a Deep Learning Framework

Purpose: Patient safety hazards such as a wrong patient/site getting treated can lead to catastrophic results. The purpose of this project is to automatically detect potential patient safety hazards during the radiotherapy setup and alert the therapist before the treatment is initiated. Methods: We employed a set of co-located and co-registered 3D cameras placed inside the treatment room. Each camera provided a point-cloud of fraxels (fragment pixels with 3D depth information). Each of the cameras were calibrated using a custom-built calibration target to provide 3D information with less than 2 mm error in the 500 mm neighborhood around the isocenter. To identify potential patient safety hazards, the treatment room components and the patient's body needed to be identified and tracked in real-time. For feature recognition purposes, we used a graph-cut based feature recognition with principal component analysis (PCA) based feature-to-object correlation to segment the objects in real-time. Changes in the object's position were tracked using the CamShift algorithm. The 3D object information was then stored for each classified object (e.g. gantry, couch). A deep learning framework was then used to analyze all the classified objects in both 2D and 3D and was then used to fine-tune a convolutional network for object recognition. The number of network layers were optimized to identify the tracked objects with >95% accuracy. Results: Our systematic analyses showed that, the system was effectively able to recognize wrong patient setups and wrong patient accessories. The combined usage of 2D camera information (color + depth) enabled a topology-preserving approach to verify patient safety hazards in an automatic manner and even in scenarios where the depth information is partially available. Conclusion: By utilizing the 3D cameras inside the treatment room and a deep learning based image classification, potential patient safety hazards can be effectively avoided.
Comparing the Motility of Myosin X with Parallel and Anti-Parallel Dimerization Domains

Myosin X is an actin-based molecular motor involved in filopodial formation, cell migration, adhesion and mitotic spindle orientation. It is upregulated in some cancers and may play a role in metastasis. Myosin X induces filopodial formation and localizes to filopodial tips by an unclear targeting mechanism. Studies using various truncated, forced-dimers have indicated that processivity of myosin X is greater on fascin-bundled actin filaments than single filaments, whereas other studies have not found different processivity on bundles relative to single filaments. Recently, the native dimerization domain has been proposed to form anti-parallel dimers, which might influence aspects of motility such as preference for actin bundles. To test this idea, we compared processive motility of forced parallel and anti-parallel myosin X constructs on single and bundled actin filaments. On single actin filaments parallel constructs are robustly processive, while processivity of the anti-parallel construct is much weaker. Run lengths for anti-parallel myosin X decreased as [MgATP] was raised from 0.5 to 2.5 micromolar. At 5 micromolar MgATP, run lengths are shorter than our detection limit, ∼100 nm. The velocity of the anti-parallel construct on single actin filaments is slower than that of the parallel construct, due to a substantial proportion of short (e.g. +18 nm) and backward steps along with +36 nm steps. On fascin-actin bundles, however, the processivity, velocity, step-size, and backward stepping frequency are similar to those characteristics of parallel myosin X. These results suggest that in cells, the anti-parallel coiled-coil domain may help myosin X select structures containing parallel actin bundles, such as filopodia. Supported by NIH grant R01GM086352 and T32HL07954 and TEXAS STAR Plus award.
Lifetime Migration in the United States as of 2006–2010: Measures, Patterns, and Applications

Though most US migration analyses in recent years have relied upon 1-year and 5-year residence information, analyses of lifetime migration may be more revealing of state-level trends in the relative ability to retain the native born and to attract in-migrants from other states and abroad, and of the effect of such exchanges on the composition of its population in terms of education and other characteristics. This chapter reviews a number of measures of native retention and migrant attraction, and examines the formal relationships among these measures; presents some state-specific lifetime migration measures as of 2006–2010, with special attention to education and the impact of immigration; analyzes the degree of change in these lifetime measures centering on 1990; and uses these measures to decompose a state’s proportion of college graduates into elements that highlight the relative importance of retention and attraction and illustrates how these can contribute to appropriate policy formulation.
Graphical timeline software for inpatient medication review

MedHistory is a web-based software module that graphically displays medication usage (y-axis) against time (x-axis). We set out to examine whether MedHistory would improve clinician's interactions with the medical record system. The authors invited house-officers at our institution to complete a survey about inpatient medication administration before and after using MedHistory. Detailed logs were also kept for 1 year after the study period. Compared to the pre-intervention survey, the post-intervention survey found that reviewing medication history was easier (pre: 13.2% vs post: 32.4%, p = .008), that medication review now fit within resident workflow (38.9% vs 75.7%, p < .001), and that there was increased satisfaction with the electronic health records software (2.6% vs 29.7%, p = .002). Additionally, determining the timing (29% vs 50.1%, p = .045) and dosing history (21.1% vs. 43.2%, p = .036) of inpatient medication administration was easier with MedHistory. Anti-infective agents and drugs requiring frequent adjustments were the most commonly reviewed. A graphical timeline of inpatient medications (MedHistory) was met with favorable response across multiple areas, including efficiency, speed, safety, and workflow.
Institutionalizing Independence: Security, Culture, and Unofficial Documentary Filmmaking under the Xi Jinping Government

This article assesses recent Chinese Communist Party responses to the issue of post-Soviet ideological fragmentation by examining independent documentary media in the context of broader policy discussions surrounding culture and the lessons of the “Arab Spring.” It argues that Xi-ist policies of cultural securitization began under Hu Jintao and should be understood as the outgrowth of elite consensus-based efforts to deal with the implications of new media technologies and marketization for authoritarian rule. New political and factional formations have, in turn, reconfigured the landscape of institutions, patronage networks, and quasi-legal lines of permissiveness affecting documentary producers. This “political institutionalization” of independent media practices is significant as a window onto broader dynamics of managed pluralism.
Altered sucrose self-administration following injection of melanocortin receptor agonists and antagonists into the ventral tegmental area

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) are antagonistic neuropeptides that play an important role in the control of feeding and body weight through their central actions on the melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptors. Increasing evidence indicates that αMSH and AgRP can interact with the mesolimbic dopamine system to regulate feeding as well as other behaviors. For example, we have shown previously that injection of melanocortin receptor agonists and antagonists into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) alters both normal home-cage feeding and the intake of sucrose solutions, but it remains unknown whether αMSH and AgRP can also act in the VTA to affect reward-related feeding. We tested whether injection of the melanocortin receptor agonist, MTII, or the melanocortin receptor antagonist, SHU9119, directly into the VTA affected operant responding maintained by sucrose pellets in self-administration assays. Injection of MTII into the VTA decreased operant responding maintained by sucrose pellets on both fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, whereas SHU9119 increased operant responding under fixed ratio, but not progressive ratio schedules. MTII also increased and SHU9119 decreased 24-h home-cage food intake. This study demonstrates that αMSH and AgRP act in the VTA to affect sucrose self-administration. Thus, it adds critical information to the growing literature showing that in addition to their well-characterized role in controlling “need-based” feeding, αMSH and AgRP can also act on the mesolimbic dopamine system to control reward-related behavior.
Change in Medical Student Attitudes Toward Patients with Substance Use Disorders After Course Exposure

Negative physician attitudes toward patients with substance use disorders (SUD) pose a significant barrier to treatment. This study tests the overall and intra-individual change in attitudes of second year medical students after exposure to a 15 hour SUD course. Two cohorts of second year medical students (2014 and 2015) responded to an anonymous 13-item previously published survey exploring personal views regarding patients with SUD using a four-point Likert scale. Students were surveyed one day before and up to one month after course completion. Survey items were grouped into the following categories: treatment optimism/confidence in intervention, moralism, and stereotyping. The Wilcoxon nonparametric signed-rank test (α=0.05) was used to compare the pre- and post- survey responses. In 2014 and 2015 respectively, 118 and 120 students participated in the SUD course with pre- and post-response rates of 89.0% and 75.4% in 2014 and 95.8% and 97.5% in 2015. Of the 13 survey questions, paired responses to eight questions showed a statistically significant positive change in attitudes with a medium (d = 0.5) to large effect size (d = 0.8). Items focused on treatment optimism and confidence in treatment intervention reflected a positive attitude change, as did items associated with stereotyping and moralism. These results support the hypothesis that exposure to a course on SUD was associated with positive change in medical students’ attitudes toward patients with SUD.
Sez Who? Critical Legal History Without a Privileged Position

Scholars active in the Critical Legal Studies movement of the 1980s regularly attacked the scholarship of liberal legalist scholars by using a variety of then contemporary epistemological theories that argued for the impossibility of any observer attaining a neutral position from which to observe social activities. Somewhat surprisingly, liberal legalist scholars seldom turned this criticism back at the work of CLS scholars who themselves never criticized their own work as they did that of other scholars. The examination of several pieces of CLS inspired history of labor law shows how engaging in such self-criticism might have further strengthened this very strong body of scholarship.
Radiation-induced focal cortical necrosis of the femur presenting as a lytic lesion

Management of soft tissue sarcomas is often complicated, requiring radiation before and in some cases after limb-sparing surgery. Radiation necrosis is a severe complication after radiation treatment and is typically dose related and involves medullary bone. We report on two cases of hitherto unreported focal circumscribed intra-cortical lytic lesions within the radiation portal, which appeared 19 months and 31 months, respectively, after the conclusion of radiation treatment. Both patients had a history of soft tissue sarcoma treated with radiation (66 Gy) and surgical resection. Biopsy of these lesions showed necrotic bone attributed to radiation.
The Beauty of Errors: Patterns of Error Correction in Desktop Speech Systems.

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have improved greatly over the last three decades. However, even with 98% reported accuracy, error correction still consumes a significant portion of user effort in text creation tasks. We report on data collected during a study of three commercially available ASR systems that show how initial users of speech systems tend to fixate on a single strategy for error correction. This tendency coupled with application assumptions about how error correction features will be used, combine to make a very frustrating, and unsatisfying user experience. We observe two distinct error correction patterns: spiral depth (Oviatt & van Gent, 1996) and cascades. In contrast, users with more extensive experience learn to switch correction strategies more quickly.
Predictive Model for Oxidative C–H Bond Functionalization Reactivity with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone

2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) is a highly effective reagent for promoting C–H bond functionalization. The oxidative cleavage of benzylic and allylic C–H bonds using DDQ can be coupled with an intra- or intermolecular nucleophilic addition to generate new carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds in a wide range of substrates. The factors that control the reactivity of these reactions are well-defined experimentally, but the mechanistic details and the role of substituents in promoting the transformations have not been firmly established. Herein, we report a detailed computational study on the mechanism and substituent effects for DDQ-mediated oxidative C–H cleavage reactions in a variety of substrates. DFT calculations show that these reactions proceed through a hydride transfer within a charge transfer complex. Reactivity is dictated by the stability of the carbocation intermediate, the degree of charge transfer in the transition states, and, in certain cases, secondary orbital interacti...
Intermolecular C(sp3)−H Amination of Complex Molecules

A general and operationally convenient method for intermolecular amination of C(sp3 )-H bonds is described. This technology allows for efficient functionalization of complex molecules, including numerous pharmaceutical targets. The combination of pivalonitrile as a solvent, Al2 O3 as an additive, and phenyl sulfamate as a nitrogen source affords differential reaction performance and substrate scope. Mechanistic data strongly implicate a pathway for catalyst decomposition that initiates with solvent oxidation, thus providing rationale for the marked influence of pivalonitrile on this reaction process.
That Curious Privilege of Immunity

This article offers a close reading of Nasser Hussain’s 1989 essay on Salman Rushdie’s 1983 novel Shame in order to propose some thoughts on the basic problematic guiding Hussain’s inquiries into post-colonial law.
Boat noise in an estuarine soundscape – A potential risk on the acoustic communication and reproduction of soniferous fish in the May River, South Carolina

The impact of boat related noise on marine life is a subject of concern, particularly for fish species that utilize acoustic communication for spawning purposes. The goal of this study was to quantify and examine the risk of boat noise on fish acoustic communication by performing acoustic monitoring of the May River, South Carolina (USA) from February to November 2013 using DSG-Ocean recorders. The number of boats detected increased from the source to the mouth with the highest detections near the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW). Boat noise frequency ranges overlapped with courtship sounds of silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), black drum (Pogonias cromis), oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). In the May River estuary, red drum may experience the greatest risk of auditory masking because of late afternoon choruses (21% time overlap with boat noise) and only one spawning location near the noisy ICW.
The Structure and Evolution of Vertebrate Fibrinogen: A Comparison of the Lamprey and Mammalian Proteins

The blood plasmas of all vertebrate animals contain a six-chained fibrinogen molecule that is polymerized into fibrin upon the thrombin-catalyzed removal of fibrinopeptides. In all cases, also, the polymerization reaction is inhibited by Gly-Pro-Arg-ending peptides. The complete amino acid sequences of human, rat and lamprey fibrinogens are known, permitting an assessment of just which sequence features are essential for polymerization. To an extent, the same approach can also be applied to the associated phenomena of fibrin cross-linking by factor XIII, plasminogen and plasminogen activator binding, and vessel wall-fibrinogen interactions.
Regulation and Enhancement of Endogenous Sodium Iodide Symporter Expression: NIS Regulatory Pathways in Thyroid and Breast Cancer

The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene is expressed at a high level in the thyroid gland and the lactating breast. The difference in the factors that regulate NIS gene expression in thyroid and breast suggests that there are tissue-specific pathways involved. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, or thyrotropin (TSH) is the major regulator of NIS expression in the normal thyroid and also stimulates NIS in more than 80% of differentiated thyroid cancers. TSH stimulates NIS gene expression through the proximal promoter and the NIS far upstream enhancer (NUE). The goal in thyroid cancer treatment is to optimize iodine uptake. A number of different strategies and agents have been used to stimulate NIS expression and iodine uptake in refractory thyroid cancer, although TSH remains the most potent stimulus. Improved understanding of NIS regulatory pathways in thyroid and breast cancer should lead to additional therapeutic options. NIS gene regulation in lactating breast tissue and breast cancer has been partially characterized. Oxytocin, a critical regulator of NIS in lactating mammary glands, activates the cAMP/PKA pathway and/or the inositol triphosphate-Ca 2+ pathway. 8-bromoadenosine-cAMP or endogenous cAMP inducer, IBMX, and cholera toxin increase NIS expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, demonstrating a role for the cAMP pathway in mammary gland NIS expression. Extensive experience with 131 I treatment of thyroid cancer has demonstrated the importance of maximizing the magnitude of specific radioiodide uptake in tumors. The regulation of NIS expression in normal and malignant thyroid cells, therefore, has been widely investigated.
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities: Applying the Provisions of FIN 46 (R)

Financial Accounting Standards Interpretation [FIN] No. 46 (R) provides guidance for investors, sponsors and transferors in ascertaining which variable interest entities should form part of relevant parties' financial statements. Given the complexity of this authoritative pronouncement, we show how a consultant, using an organized approach, helped a CPA firm adhere to this new pronouncement. The appended exhibits and associated explanations should help CPAs implement these provisions and provide guidance for helping companies and clients conform to these complex accounting pronouncements.