cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soil-Transmitted Helminths in the USA: a Review of Five Common Parasites and Future Directions for Avenues of Enhanced Epidemiologic Inquiry.

The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive look at five intestinal soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) of global health importance that may continue to plague low-income and rural areas of the USA and argue the need for enhanced surveillance of these infections, which primarily affect the nation’s most vulnerable groups. Human STH infections in middle- and high-income countries are at particular risk for being undiagnosed; as common symptoms are non-specific, differentials require a high index of clinical suspicion, and cases are concentrated in areas of poverty where access to care is limited. Although autochthonous STHs are thought to be rare in the USA, infections were once common in the American South and Appalachia and robust epidemiologic surveillance is limited post 1980s. However, recent community studies and case reports from small-scale farms and areas of high rural or inner-city poverty reveal the potential for persisting helminth infections in distinct populations of the country. STHs are among the most common neglected tropical diseases globally causing significant morbidity in underserved communities and contributing to the continuation of cycles of poverty within vulnerable populations. Due to possible severe disease sequalae and their ability to perpetuate poverty and poverty-associated health outcomes within already vulnerable groups, it is vital that surveillance for these infections is enhanced to bolster health equity in the USA.
KISS1 suppresses melanoma metastases to multiple organs

4308 The KISS1 metastasis suppressor has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of pulmonary metastases. However, its value as a potential clinical target for the management of metastatic disease would be greater if metastases to other organs could be inhibited as well. We tested the hypothesis that KISS1 can inhibit metastases to multiple organs by using an intracardiac injection model. C8161.9, a highly metastatic human melanoma cell line, was transduced with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to quantify metastatic foci in whole organs. C8161.9 GFP cells were subsequently transfected with pcDNA3 vector or pcDNA3-KISS1 and stable clones were isolated. 2×105 cells comprised of parent, vector, or three KISS1 stables clones were injected into the left ventricle of athymic mice. Five weeks later, whole organs were removed and all metastatic foci were imaged and counted using a stereomicroscope. The incidence of skeletal metastases was reduced from 100% in parent and vector controls to 10–33% by the KISS1-expressing clones (p
Measuring the Impact of Blockchain and Smart Contract on Construction Supply Chain Visibility

This work assesses the impact of blockchain and smart contract on the visibility of construction supply chain and in the context of payments (intersection of cash and product flows). It uses comparative empirical experiments (Charrette Test Method) to draw comparisons between the visibility of state-of-practice and blockchain-enabled payment systems in a commercial construction project. Comparisons were drawn across four levels of granularity. The findings are twofold: 1) blockchain improved information completeness and information accuracy respectively by an average 216% and 261% compared with the digital state-of-practice solution. The improvements were significantly more pronounced for inquiries that had higher product, trade, and temporal granularity; 2) blockchain-enabled solution was robust in the face of increased granularity, while the conventional solution experienced 50% and 66.7% decline respectively in completeness and accuracy of information. The paper concludes with a discussion of mechanisms contributing to visibility and technology adoption based on business objectives.
Rare Multi-system Histiocytic Sarcoma on F18-FDG PET/CT

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignancy with morphological and immunophenotypic features of histocytes. We present a case of histiocytic sarcoma with multisystem involvement, including an obstructing pancreatic head mass. F18-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool in staging and assessment of response to therapy in this rare entity. Knowing the diverse metastatic pattern of HS will help avoid imaging pitfalls for the diagnosis after pathologic diagnosis is made.
Impact of Local Flavored Tobacco Sales Restrictions on Policy-Related Attitudes and Tobacco Product Access.

BackgroundAs of September 2020, more than 300 state and local jurisdictions restrict the sales of flavored tobacco, with some including menthol.AimsTo evaluate the impact of local ordinances restri...
Some Simplified Methods in Airfoil Theory

T USE OF the acceleration potential in thin airfoil theory was introduced by L. Prandtl.'' The method has since been applied by several authors' to problems of stationary and non-stationary flow in both compressible and incompressible fluids. A striking feature of this method is that no use has to be made of vortex wakes because the acceleration potential is everywhere continuous in the fluid. Such concepts as the trailing vortices and the induced downwash play no direct part in this theory. The purpose of the present article is the treatment of two dimensional airfoil theory in an incompressible fluid by the combined use of conformal transformation and the acceleration potential. This method of approach greatly simplifies the solution of certain airfoil problems. First the reader is introduced to the fundamental properties of the acceleration potential in an incompressible fluid. Then it is shown how the problem of finding the acceleration potential can be solved by conformal representation of the airfoil on a circle and a simple relation is derived between the velocity and the "stream function" corresponding to this potential. The method is next applied to the stationary airfoil with and without flap, and to the determination of the airfoil camber line and thickness function for a given pressure distribution along the chord. The simplicity of the method is especially apparent for the case of the oscillating airfoil which is the subject of the last treatment. For the sake of brevity only translatory oscillations are considered.
ALA and photofrin mediated PDT induces apoptosis and necrosis in human breast cancer cells.

5188 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that shows promise for the use in a variety of solid tumors and non-cancerous conditions. The present work aims to evaluate the utility of PDT for the treatment of breast cancer. Specifically, we investigated the mechanism by which PDT causes cell cytotoxicity in a number of breast cancer cell lines including - DB46 (engineered to express high constitutive levels of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27)), DC4 (engineered to express normal levels of hsp27) and MDA-MB-435. Investigating hsp27 is important since hsp27 levels are elevated in 40% of breast cancer tumors and this protein has been shown to inhibit apoptosis by binding to cytochrome c. Two FDA-approved photosensitizers (Photofrin and Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)) were evaluated. Clonogenic survival assays demonstrated a light dose dependent response to PDT in all cell lines investigated. The DB46 cell line displayed higher survival at all light doses compared to the DC4 cell line indicating that hsp27 provides protection against PDT-induced cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analysis showed that PDT induced both apoptosis and necrosis in a light dose dependent manner following ALA-mediated PDT. Preliminary studies with Photofrin mediated-PDT showed greater cell death at all light doses, compared to ALA mediated-PDT. Flow cytometric results also demonstrated hsp27 protection in the DB46 cell lines. These results were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy with both Hoechst and propidium iodide staining. Preliminary data also shows that breast cancer cells undergo necrosis within four hours after PDT treatment. Further investigations into the molecular mechanism of cell death are needed to determine the switch between apoptosis and necrosis after PDT-induced cytotoxicity. Knowledge of PDT-induced mechanisms of cell death will allow for treatment optimization, which is likely to result in an improved prognosis for breast cancer patients.
An implementable high-order guidance law for homing missiles

A high-order optimal guidance law for tactical missiles is derived using measurable/realizable states in its autopilot/airframe (AP/AF) plant model. This derivation yields a form of the guidance law that can be implemented in an operational missile system.
Exposition of Müller AO classification of tibial fractures using cadaveric bone models (LB23)

The Muller AO classification system of bone fractures has substantially served osteology education and medicine for many decades. The present study aims to provide a physical representation using castings of cadaveric tibial bones. These models will illustrate the fracture classifications in accordance with said system. Castings will have simulated fractures using surgical and mechanical-force methods. Proximal, diaphysieal, distal, and malleolar fractures will be showcased. Cadavers are supplied by the University of California San Francisco’s Willed Body Program and San Francisco State University’s Human Anatomy Laboratory.Grant Funding Source: none
Behavioral economics, neuroeconomics, and climate change policy: baseline review for the garrison institute initiative on climate change

In spite of the increasing scientific certainty that the earth's climate is warming and that human activity is partially responsible, public willingness to take steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions seems to be decreasing. How can the scientific consensus as to the urgency of the climate change problem be conveyed to the general public in such a way as to support greenhouse gas abatement policies and to actually change behavior? This essay explores the standard economic approach to environmental pollution and discusses findings from behavioral economics and neuroscience that could lead to a more fruitful understanding of the relationship between economic policy and human psychology. This essay is a background paper prepared for the Garrison Institute's "Climate, Mind and Behavior" initiative.
Cdc42 and PAK-mediated Signaling Leads to Jun Kinase and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation

The PAK family of protein kinases has been suggested as a potential target of the Cdc42 and Rac GTPases based on studies in vitro. We show that PAK-3 is activated by Cdc42 in vivo. Both, activated (GTPase-defective) Cdc42 and a constitutively active PAK-3 mutant stimulated the activity of Jun kinase 1 (JNK1) in transfected cells. Activated Cdc42 also stimulated the activity of the related p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase but was a less effective activator of ERK2. The effect of Cdc42 on JNK activity was similar to that of the potent inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1). The observation that a dominant-negative Cdc42 mutant inhibited IL-1 activation of JNK1 indicates a role for Cdc42 in IL-1 signaling. These results suggest that Cdc42 and PAK may mediate the effects of cytokines on transcriptional regulation.
Bisimplicial Sets and the Group-Completion Theorem

We will present a Quillen model structure on the category of bisimplicial sets, and use it to study actions by homology equivalences of simplicial categories on simplicial spaces. The group completion theorem, which relates the homology of a topological monoid to the homology of the loopspace of its classifying space, will be derived as a consequence.
An Historical Introduction to Surface Coils: The Early Days

Before the availability of magnetic resonance scanners with wide, horizontal bore, superconducting magnets, and actively shielded magnetic-field-gradient systems, the introduction and development of surface coils enabled high-resolution, chemical shift, magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of specific tissues and organs of small laboratory animals in situ and in vivo. Surface coils offered both high signal detection sensitivity and spatial localization without the need for complex pulse sequences and field-gradient encoding schemes. Owing to the simplicity of their physical design and radiofrequency tuning requirements, surface coils provided a robust tool that was readily adapted by biologically oriented magnetic resonance laboratories, those with primary interests and strengths in metabolism and physiology. This article briefly reviews the early history and development of surface coils, including making note of precedents in the field of oil well logging and in a prescient 1970 Science journal report of magnetic resonance monitoring of blood flow by Morse and Singer. Keywords: surface coil; local coil; receiver coil; inside-out coil; antisense coils; countercurrent coils; transceiver coil; surface spoiling; Fourier series window (FSW); depth pulse; depth-resolved surface coil spectroscopy (DRESS); adiabatic pulse
Scalp and Skull Lesions

Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging has recently been included as a standard magnetic resonance (MR) sequence of the brain. The use of DW imaging in the evaluation of brain pathology has been extensively studied. The imaging findings of scalp and skull lesions are often nonspecific and include various benign and malignant pathological conditions. DW imaging demonstrates characteristics unique to certain etiologies, such as cholesteatomas, epidermoids, abscesses, hypercellular tumors, and diffuse leukemic bone marrow infiltration, which assists in developing the differential diagnosis. DW imaging in the evaluation of scalp and skull lesions has lagged behind somewhat because of the technical limitations involved in imaging bone, air, and soft tissue interfaces. However, the DW imaging with its inherent fat saturation enhances the conspicuity of the scalp and skull lesions with nulling of the scalp fat.
Serum YKL-40 is associated with osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of chronic disability in the US (1). Because individuals with early stages of the disease are often asymptomatic, a biomarker of early OA may be useful. Adult cynomolgus macaques develop naturally occurring OA that closely resembles the human disease (2)(3)(4). Radiographic, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses show a high frequency of lesions in the knee joints of these animals. Lesions are most severe in the medial tibial plateau and are characterized by fibrillation, clefting, and loss of articular cartilage with a concomitant, marked thickening of the subjacent subchondral bone (4). YKL-40 (also known as human cartilage glycoprotein-39 or 38-kDa heparin-binding glycoprotein), a major secretory protein of human chondrocytes and synovial cells (5), is increased in the serum and synovial fluid of individuals with joint or cartilage disease (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). YKL-40 mRNA expression is also increased in the cartilage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (10). YKL-40, first identified as a major product secreted by osteosarcoma MG63 cells (11), is also produced by fibrotic liver cells and breast cancer cells and not by skin or lung fibroblasts [for a review, see Ref. (8)]. YKL-40 expression is induced during the late stages of differentiation in the transition of monocytes to activated macrophages (12)(13), and YKL-40 mRNA is present in macrophages in human atherosclerotic lesions (14). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of YKL-40 begins with Tyr-Lys-Leu (YKL), and the protein migrates at 40 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; hence the YKL-40 designation. YKL-40 binds heparin (15)(16) and chitin and has structural similarity to chitinolytic enzymes, although it lacks chitinase activity (10)(15). Thus, YKL-40 may function as a lectin or glycohydrolase of unknown specificity. YKL-40 expression patterns suggest …
Provincializing Geographies of Religion: Muslim Identities Beyond the ‘West’

Most of the research on Islam and on Muslims, within geographies of religion, focuses on Muslims in diaspora. A trend in geographic research on non-Western places has emerged, however, illuminating the global variance of Muslim communities and identities. Yet in spite of scholarly efforts to draw attention to the development of research in these ‘other’ contexts, there has been little explicit examination of how studies of Muslim geographies in non-Euro-American places contribute to geographies of religion, beyond an empirical or topical diversification of the field. This paper argues that geographic research on religion is situated knowledge that reflects the social and political contexts within which it is conceived and conducted. As such, it reflects particular cultures and priorities of place. The paper begins by situating Anglophone geographic literature about Muslim communities and identities by examining how the ‘West’ operates as a geographic imaginary that implicitly but powerfully conditions research contexts in Europe and the United States. This research responds to the popular and political discursive framing of Muslims as minorities, and as separate from others. As a result, Muslims appear to constitute bounded and distinct (albeit internally diverse and contextually dependent) communities. By contrast, research conducted in predominantly Muslim societies illuminates the relational, historical and cultural dynamics that bring Muslims of different sects, and Muslims and non-Muslims, into co-constitutive identity relationships. Indeed, the sites, practices, and things that constitute or represent identity for Jews and Muslims, for Sunni and Shi'a, or for pious and secular people, are the same: what it means to be Muslim is contextually specific and formed through relationships with others. This approach involves a more dynamic and productive theoretical conceptualization of place than operates in most Anglo-European geographies of religion. By illuminating the specific empirical and theoretical contributions of Muslim/non-Muslim geographies beyond the West, this paper provincializes geographies of religion and offers observations that may extend the field in new directions.
UTILIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATES AND POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS BY MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

Sweeney, Edward E. (University of California, Los Angeles) and Gregory J. Jann. Utilization of carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . J. Bacteriol. 84: 459–465. 1962.—A new procedure, using a massive inoculum and nongrowth basal medium, was employed for testing carbohydrate and polyhydric alcohol utilization by human tubercle bacilli. A positive reaction was represented by acidification of the test medium rather than by growth, which was the criterion for carbohydrate utilization in studies by earlier workers. The new procedure was both more sensitive and more rapid than growth techniques; results were obtained within days, compared to weeks or months required for growth testing. The massive-inoculum technique may be applied to compounds other than carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols, and is a sensitive means of detecting changes wrought by various chemical and physical agents upon the metabolism of tubercle bacilli. Three H 37 Rv strains and six strains of human tubercle bacilli freshly isolated from patients were tested with 21 carbohydrates and polyhydric alcohols. All nine strains gave strong positive reactions for glucose and glycerol, and usually weak positive reactions for ribose and sorbose. Five of the nine strains were trehalose positive, and six (all fresh patient isolates) of the nine were mannose positive.
Adjuvant Bone Marrow Infusion in Clinical Organ Transplant Recipients

THE two most common causes of late organ allograft failure are complications associated with the long-term use of nonspecific immunosuppression and chronic rejection. Incidentally, this undesirable outcome could be prevented by timely adoption of clinically applicable strategies that would result in the induction of donor-specific tolerance (DST). We have previously advanced the hypothesis that stable existence of donor cell chimerism in organ allograft recipients may induce DST with ultimate enhancement of patient and graft survival.1,2 To test this hypothesis, we proceeded to augment chimerism in clinical organ transplant recipients by adjuvant perioperative unmodified donor bone marrow (BM) infusion.2,3 Reported herein is the outcome of this prospective trial in which 251 study (BM-augmented) and 129 contemporaneous controls have been accrued since its initiation in June 1992.
Chapter 11: Humor in Children's Literature

Summary This article surveys research on children's literature and humor by professionals in the field of children's literature. Although the researchers' interests are diverse, they are in at least implicit agreement about two aspects of their research: the early history of humor in children's literature and the kinds of questions that need to be addressed. This chapter, therefore, begins with an overview of pre-twentieth century books which indicates the main lines of development of humor in children's literature. The second half of the cnapter considers the questions and presuppositions that have shaped the study of humor in children's literature to date. Presuppositions about both humor and the nature of the child have often excluded from discussion humor which is thought to be too anarchic, too critical of society, or too revealing of the darker side of human nature, but the best of the research respects the child as an active reader and respects humorous stories as having something to say.
Ion-etch characteristics of epitaxial copper on sapphire

For the first time a face-centred-cubic metal film has been epitaxially grown on sapphire. Film crystallinity and ion-etch characteristics were studied using back reflection X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope techniques. Single-crystal copper films have been deposited on basal plane sapphire substrates in the temperature range 240 to 375° C. The films exhibited bulk metal resistivity. Ion-etching studies of the films, using argon ions, have demonstrated superior quality, resolution and vertical etch profile of interconnection transmission lines over those of polycrystalline or less crystalline films.
Structural conditions for cycle completable graphs

Abstract We first review the matrix completion problem that motivated cycle completable graphs. We then discuss prior and give new structural characterizations of these graphs, along with their relationship to chordal and series-parallel graphs.
Human factors evaluation of the HL-20 full-scale model

The human factors testing of the HL-20 personnel launch system full-scale model was conducted in both the vertical and horizontal positions at NASA Langley Research Center. Three main areas of testing were considered: an anthropometric fit evaluation, the ingress and egress of a 10-person crew, and pilot viewing. The subjects, ranging from the 5th to 95th percentile size, had sufficient clearance in the model, with the exception of the last two rows of seats and the cockpit area. Adjustable seat heights and/or placement of the seats farther forward would provide more headroom. In the horizontal position, the model's seat placement and aisle width allowed a quick and orderly 10-person egress for the no-keel (a structural support running the length on the aisle), 6-in.-high keel, and 12-in.-high keel conditions. Egress times were less than 20 s. For the vertical position, the model's long cylindrical shape with the ladder in the ceiling allowed a quick and orderly egress with average times less than 30 s. Ingress and egress procedures were demonstrated using Shuttle partial-pressure suits. The reduced mobility experienced while wearing the suits did increase egress times, although they still remained acceptable. The window arrangement for pilot viewing was found to be reasonably acceptable, although slight modifications, such as an increased downward view, is desirable.
Patients with bone marrow failure demonstrate decreased cutaneous reactivity to human C5a

In vivo studies have shown that human C5a, a potent complement-derived anaphylatoxin and chemoattractant, produces immediate inflammatory reactions following intradermal injection in human skin. At concentrations within its potential physiologic range, intradermal injection of C5a elicits immediate wheal and flare reactions, increased vascular permeability, mast cell degranulation, and neutrophil-rich infiltrates. To assess the relative contribution of interacting cellular elements to C5a-induced inflammation in normal human skin, purified human C5a was tested intradermally in 8 patients with bone marrow failure (BMF). Reactions to C5a in patients with BMF were compared with responses at identical test sites in healthy volunteers and other patients with cutaneous disorders. Patients with BMF demonstrated significantly less wheal and flare reactivity following intradermal injection of C5a than controls (p less than 0.05 and less than 0.02, respectively). In these studies, patients with the greatest cytopenia generally showed the least cutaneous reactivity to human C5a. Biopsies of C5a test sites in patients with BMF revealed an absence of leukocytes in marked contrast to neutrophil-rich infiltrates observed at test sites in healthy volunteers. Avidin-fluorescent and/or Giemsa staining of skin biopsies revealed no difference between the number of dermal mast cells in patients with BMF and samples of normal human skin. In addition, skin test studies with histamine (2 micrograms) and morphine (5 micrograms) performed to assess cutaneous vascular and mast cell responsiveness in patients with BMF, normal volunteers and controls with rhinitis revealed no significant differences in cutaneous reactivity to these pharmacologic agents. These in vivo studies demonstrate that patients with BMF specifically exhibit decreased cutaneous reactivity to human C5a and suggest that neutrophils make an important and an immediate contribution to inflammatory responses elicited by this anaphylatoxin.
The proapoptotic tumor suppressor protein kinase C-δ is lost in human squamous cell carcinomas

The proapoptotic tumor suppressor protein kinase C- δ is lost in human squamous cell carcinomas
Habituation To The Reinforcer May Contribute To Multiple-schedule Behavioral Contrast.

Habituation to the reinforcer may contribute to multiple-schedule behavioral contrast. According to this argument, reducing reinforcers in one component of a multiple schedule reduces habituation to the reinforcer. Reducing habituation enhances the value, or effectiveness, of the remaining reinforcers, producing positive contrast. Enriching the reinforcers in one component increases habituation to that reinforcer. Increasing habituation decreases the effectiveness of the reinforcer, producing negative contrast. Such an idea is simple and parsimonious. It is not contradicted by any well-established finding in the contrast literature. It makes several tested and untested predictions that are unusual. However, habituation cannot explain all contrast. A complete explanation requires postulating that at least one additional mechanism, controlled by the conditions of reinforcement in the following component, also contributes to contrast.
Diabetic patients treated with abciximab and intracoronary stenting

Diabetic patients are at greater risk for restenosis, recurrent ischemia, and complications following angioplasty than are their nondiabetic counterparts. This is a retrospective study identifying diabetic patients who were treated with abciximab and intracoronary stenting during the period of January 1997 to December 1999. Abciximab was administered to 268 of 707 diabetic patients who received intracoronary stents from 1997 to 1999. The abciximab group contained a higher number of patients with severe ventricular dysfunction and high-grade lesions. Primary endpoints of all-cause mortality, same-vessel revascularization, CABG, TVR, and postprocedural myocardial infarction were similar for both groups. The abciximab group had reduced rates of readmission for cardiac reasons during all follow-up periods. The trends toward improvement of mortality, surgical or percutaneous revascularization, and cardiac readmissions suggest the effect of abciximab may provide benefit for up to 9 months for higher-risk diabetic patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:321–325. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of androgens on T and B lymphocyte development

The sexually dimorphic nature of normal immune responses and the remarkably higher incidence of autoimmune diseases in females have suggested a role for gonadal steroid hormones as modulators of immune system function. We have investigated the effects of androgens on the development of lymphocytes in the thymus and bone marrow. Expression of the androgen receptor, the ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates hormone actions, has been documented in lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells of thymus and bone marrow, but not in mature peripheral lymphocytes. This expression pattern suggests that the major impact of androgens must be on the developmental maturation of T and B lymphocytes rather than on the mature effector cells. Recent experiments have explored whether developing lymphoid precursors are the direct targets of androgen action or whether supporting cells, such as thymic epithelial cells and bone marrow stromal cells, are required for the receptor-mediated effects of androgens on lymphoid cell development. Bone marrow transplantation techniques using an androgen-resistant mouse strain permit the creation of chimeric mice with androgen receptor-defective lymphoid or epithelial/stromal cellular compartments. Hormonal manipulation experiments in these chimeric animals have suggested that thymic epithelial cells and bone marrow stromal cells are mediators of androgenic effects on immature lymphocytes. The long-range goal of these studies is to understand the basis for the disproportionate occurrence of autoimmune diseases in females.
L-arginine does not improve cortical perfusion or histopathological outcome in spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to distal middle cerebral artery photothrombotic occlusion.

The potential of nitric oxide (NO) to influence positively or negatively the outcome of mechanically induced focal cerebral ischemia is still controversial. Recent evidence suggests that NO of vasc...
EFFECT OF THYROXINE ON INTAKE AND LOSS OF SODIUM BY PROPYLTHIOURACIL-TREATED RATS.

Administration of thyroxine to propylthiouracil (PTU) -treated rats returned to control level both their excessive spontaneous intake of NaCl solution and their excessive losses of sodium and water following intraperitoneal loading with isotonic saline. Since these changes occurred in the presence of PTU, it can be assumed that the effects of PTU on sodium intake and loss are due to lack of thyroxine and not to extrathyroidal effects of PTU. It was also observed that administration of thyroid powder in the sodium-deficient diet of normal rats decreased spontaneous intake of NaCl solution below the level of controls. The results suggest that both intake and loss of sodium are influenced by the functional activity of the thyroid gland. (Endocrinology 75: 27, 1964)
Aneurisma verdadero en arteria ciática persistente. Caso clínico

Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 71 anos, que presenta un aneurisma verdadero, parcialmente trombosado, en una Arteria Ciatica Persistente (ACP), tratada en el Servicio de Cirugia del Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaiso. La arteria ciatica se origina en la arteria umbilical y durante las primeras fases embriologicas es el principal aporte sanguineo de la extremidad inferior. Posteriormente aparece la arteria femoral superficial y se produce la progresiva involucion de la arteria ciatica. La ACP constituye una rara anomalia y ocurre por la falta de desarrollo de la arteria femoral superficial. La ACP se origina en el adulto en la arteria hipogastrica, transcurre hacia la region glutea a traves de la escotadura ciatica y sigue hacia distal por la parte posterior del muslo continuandose despues con la arteria poplitea. Se acompana de un variable menor desarrollo del eje arterial anterior de la arteria iliaca externa y femoral superficial. Esta anomalia anatomica puede ser bilateral y puede permanecer asintomatica durante muchos anos, sin embargo, se ha descrito la degeneracion aneurismatica, como en este caso, y sintomas por compresion del nervio ciatico, trombosis del aneurisma y embolizacion distal.
Advantages of IP Version 6: What the Librarian Needs to Know

The next few years are expected to mark the transition from the current Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) developed in the 1970s to enhancements known as version 6 (IPv6). In fact, the conversion has already begun. Most of the changes will occur in the unseen details of a networked system. However, a few changes will be observable and some will affect items requiring the librarian's attention. Consequently it is important for the librarian to be aware of the major enhancements of IPv6 and their potential to affect both librarians and their patrons.
African iron overload.

Iron overload is common in rural sub-Saharan African populations that have the custom of drinking a traditional fermented beverage with high iron content. As with both excessive alcohol exposure and HFE hemochromatosis, hepatic portal fibrosis and micronodular cirrhosis are prominent sequelae of African iron overload. Two observations are therefore important in characterizing iron overload in Africa. First, the hepatic iron concentrations associated with African iron overload often far exceed those seen in alcoholic liver disease and histologic changes of alcohol effect are almost always absent. Second, the pattern of iron accumulation in African dietary iron is prominent in both macrophages and hepatic parenchymal cells; this pattern is in contrast to HFE homochromatosis, which is marked by predominantly parenchymal iron-loading. For a long time, it was thought that African iron overload was purely dietary in nature, that increased iron and alcohol in the diet could fully explain markedly elevated tissue iron levels sometimes seen with this condition. Recent studies of pedigrees suggest that, in addition to high dietary iron content, a genetic defect may also be implicated in iron overload in Africans. These studies indicate that the possible defect is different from mutations in the HFE gene frequently found in Caucasians with iron overload, but the putative gene has not been identified. Recent studies also indicate that non-HFE iron overload occurs in African-Americans, but the prevalence and possible genetic basis is yet to be determined.
Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen: relevance to peroxynitrite mutagenesis.

We previously showed that the oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or human cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by ONOO- differed significantly from those reportedly caused by hydroxyl radical (OH•) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet oxygen (1O2). The molecular mechanisms of ONOO--mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by OH• and 1O2 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by ONOO- in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in human (AD293) cells by ONOO- (84%) and 1O2 (71%), whereas OH• induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria (Escherichia coli MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar....
Studies on glomerular basement membrane. 1. Isolation and chemical analysis of normal glomerular basement membrane.

SummaryA method has been described for obtaining isolated human glomerular basement membrane. Evidence for the purity of the isolated GBM includes electron microscopic and chemical data. Some of the membrane constituents, in particular hydroxypro-line, aminosugars, sialic acid, neutral sugars, and lipids have been identified. Hexuronic acid is absent as is DNA. Sixty percent of the nitrogen of the membrane can be accounted for by collagen; the remainder may be contributed by the protein moiety of a glycoprotein species.The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. James B. Longley, Dept. of Anatomy, and Dr. G. R. Schrodt, Dept. of Pathology, in preparing the light microscopic and electron microscopic sections and photographs, and Dr. Charles Duncan, Dept. of Medicine, for his help in the thin layer chromatogra-phy of the lipids.
Chemical Properties of Cryocasein

Some chemical properties of cryocasein were examined and compared to those of commercial casein and caseinates. Cryocasein contained more ash and lactose than commercial casein and caseinates. Compared to acid casein, cryocasein had slightly less β-casein due to the preparation procedures involving low temperature and ultrafiltration. Retainment of micellar structure was verified by electron microscopy and permeation chromatography on CPG-10. An increase in aggregation of casein miscelles was observed during frozen storage (−8°C) of diluted ultrafiltration retentate. Similar to the casein in skim milk, this intact micellar structure may be responsible for properties such as solvation and stability towards addition of ethanol and Ca2+.
Wavelet transform-based correlator for the recognition of rotationally distorted images

A novel wavelet-based joint transform correlator (WJTC) for rotation-invariant pattern recognition and applications in optical image processing and remote sensing is investigated. First an optimal set of filter parameters and a mother wavelet filter are selected. These are used to extract features at different resolution from a set of rotationally distorted training images. Then a composite reference feature is formulated from these features for use in the WJTC. Simulation results for both noisy and noiseless environments are presented to verify the effectiveness of this technique.
The adverse effect of anticonvulsant therapy on renal allograft survival. A preliminary report.

Administration of anticonvulsant medication to recipients of cadaver renal allografts appears to be associated with decreased allograft survival. The one- and two-year actuarial graft survival rates for 20 index grafts was significantly lower than for 92 control grafts. Since phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin increase the metabolism of corticosteroids, it is proposed that renal allograft recipients receiving these anticonvulsants may have ineffective immunosuppression, leading to a higher incidence of graft failure.
A determination of intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks

It is suggested that the observed universality of the transverse momentum squared distribution for the meson resonances η, ϱ, ω,f andK + in soft hadron-hadron interactions arises because they are dominantly produced as a result of quark-antiquark fusion (recombination). The universal value of the slope parameter is then interpreted as due to the intrinsic transverse momentum (kv T) of the quarks which yields the values <k T>q=0.36±0.01 GeV/c and <k T 2 >q=0.16±0.01 (GeV/c).
Thermal transitions in high oil content petroleum-based wax blends used in granular sport surfaces

Abstract Five waxes were extracted from five different synthetic horse race tracks in the United States. These tracks included two cool weather tracks (Kentucky and Northern California) and three warm weather tracks (Southern California). All of these tracks operate over a significant range of temperatures and some even have large temperature swings within a single day of operation. Waxes used in these surfaces are generally a blend of normal paraffins, hydrocarbon oil, and microcrystalline wax that most likely originated from a de-oiling process where the lower carbon distributions had been removed. In this work, a solvent separation was used to remove the wax from samples of material obtained from each of these five tracks after they had been used for at least 3 months. The drop melt temperatures of the wax separated from the five tracks ranged from 67 to over 84 °C. Gas chromatography (GC) tests showed n-paraffin mass percentages ranging from 31.4% to 37.9% with the more complex oil and microcrystalline isomers making up the remainder. The drop melt temperatures increased as the ratio of weight average molecular weights for normals and isomers for each wax approached one. GC carbon distributions spanned from approximately C22 to C67. Curves for waxes obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for each wax also showed distinct thermal behavior. All of the waxes show indications of two thermal peaks; however, in several cases the peaks showed significant overlap. Two wax samples also had small tertiary peaks. One wax contains two well-defined GC distributions of n-paraffins (low and high number carbon) and isomers and is believed to be a blend of two different waxes. The first peak corresponds to paraffin wax melting temperature ranges while the secondary and tertiary peaks correspond to melting of high carbon number microcrystalline wax and other complex isomers containing high melting temperatures. The DSC melting transition temperatures for all the waxes studied were found to occur within expected operational temperature ranges for racing surfaces. The temperature range was obtained from a representative track over a 4-day period of operation. Given the observed changes in the properties of the waxes it is possible that the mechanical properties of the tracks will also change with temperature. The results from this analysis suggest important temperatures to consider for further analysis of the materials containing these high oil content waxes.
Premature Termination from University Counseling Centers: A Review

Many clients leave counseling prematurely (i.e., without their counselors' agreement). Understanding premature termination is crucial to the effectiveness and efficiency of the counseling enterprise. The authors review research on client attrition from university counseling centers, explore implications for practice, and offer suggestions for future research. Methodological problems and sparse data on some variables preclude firm conclusions, although there are some promising directions, such as theory-based studies, exploration of cognitive-expectancy factors, and client-counselor interaction research. It is becoming increasingly clear that premature termination is not a unitary phenomenon and that dropouts are a heterogeneous group, suggesting the need for greater conceptual and methodological precision in the study of counseling attrition.
Promotion of high school blood donations: testing the efficacy of a videotaped intervention.

"Life to Life," an 11-minute videotape based on social learning principles, was used by 10 blood centers in presentations to 4970 high school students one week before school blood drives. At each school, some students saw the videotape and others attended a blood center's customary presentation. Students also completed a brief questionnaire assessing donation attitudes, donation history, and intent to donate. The videotape accounted for a relative increase of 18.7 percent in donations even when other factors were not controlled for. Results were analyzed with logistic models and showed a consistently positive effect over all models used. For students who had never donated, the estimated odds ratio for actual donation (videotape:control) was 1.528. When the model included both type of presentation and ethnicity, the relative increase in donation over that after the blood centers' usual presentation was 69.8 percent for first-time donors. Among previous donors considered alone, the effect on donation was not significant. Whatever their donor history, students who viewed the videotape showed significantly more positive attitudes toward donation and had greater intention to donate than students who saw the blood centers' standard presentations. These results suggest that this videotape is a useful tool for recruitment of high school blood donors.
The value and limits of severity adjusted mortality for ICU patients

Intensive care unit (ICU) data systems serve a variety of valuable functions for ICU directors, quality-of-care managers, safety officers and health service researchers. Although controversial, severity adjusted mortality cross-linked with resource measures may provide additional value when comparisons are made to similar types of ICUs. This article describes several options for improving the standardized mortality ratio. An essential ingredient for fostering wider application of ICU data systems is through automated information technology to assure high quality data input and to minimize the burden of manual data collection effort.
Shear Strength Parameters of Municipal Solid Waste with Leachate Recirculation

The objective of this study was to characterize relative changes in waste shear strength parameters during waste decomposition. Twelve direct shear tests ( 100 mm diameter by 50 mm thickness) were performed on waste specimens ranging from fresh to well-decomposed residential refuse. In addition, nine direct shear tests were performed on selected waste components including fresh paper, partially decomposed refuse, and plastics. Results indicate that the friction angle of refuse decreased with decomposition. As refuse decomposed, the plastic content increased, which contributed to a decrease in friction angle as the friction angle of plastics is 18– 19∘ as compared to 33° for fresh shredded waste. The extent of refuse decomposition was characterized by the cellulose plus hemicellulose to lignin ratio [(C+H)∕L] . The measured friction angle decreased from 32 to 24° as (C+H)∕L decreased from 1.29 to 0.25. The shearing pattern for decomposed refuse showed a peak, followed by residual, which was then followed b...
Global pattern of Titan's dunes: Radar survey from the Cassini prime mission

[1] We present a map of the orientation and extent of Titan's sand dunes derived from the complete radar imaging dataset from the Cassini prime mission. The 16,000 dune segments we have mapped cover ∼8% of the Titan's surface (suggesting a total coverage of ∼20%), are confined within 30° of the equator, and show local and regional deviations of dune orientation of up to about 40° from due Eastwards. There is no obvious global longitudinal pattern, although some divergence with latitude is apparent. The most striking pattern is one of collimation by and divergence around bright and/or high terrain. Obstacles 100–300 m high obstruct dunes when the local slope is 1/50 or steeper, while slopes 1/200 or shallower cause dunes to thin out as they climb, or to deviate around the obstacles.
Catalytic activity enhancement for oxygen reduction on epitaxial perovskite thin films for solid-oxide fuel cells.

The active ingredient: La{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.2}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} (LSC) epitaxial thin films are prepared on (001)-oriented yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single crystals with a gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) buffer layer. The LSC epitaxial films exhibit better oxygen reduction kinetics than bulk LSC. The enhanced activity is attributed in part to higher oxygen nonstoichiometry.
Role of omega-3 fatty acids in maternal, fetal, infant and child wellbeing

Many pregnant women avoid dietary fish, the premier source of omega-3 fats, owing to fear of industrial contaminants. This concern, combined with a Western diet relatively deficient in omega-3 fatty acids, has created an imbalance of omega-3 compared with omega-6 fats. This imbalance may lead to a proinflammatory state that contributes to a number of complications, including preterm birth, pregnancy-induced hypertension and postpartum depression. Fetal deficiency of omega-3 fats may place infants at risk for allergic disease and suboptimum neuropsychiatric development. Although a number of studies of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation are suggestive of benefit, other studies have not shown a benefit. More research is needed to elucidate the risks and benefits of fish consumption and dietary omega-3 supplementation in pregnancy.