cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease: Clinical, Pathological, and Neuropsychological Review

The pathophysiological etiologies and clinical presentations of neurodegenerative dementias have been found to be complex and heterogeneous. Recently, Lewy body inclusions have been identified as an etiological factor in 20-34% of autopsied dementia cases. The term diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) is generally accepted as the diagnostic term representative of this currently under-reported and under-recognized disease. This article reviews the literature on the clinical, pathological, and neuropsychological features of this disorder. Differential diagnostic issues are discussed as well as current pharmacological treatment. Nine confirmed cases of DLBD are presented to demonstrate the various features of this disorder. The diagnostic implications of neuropsychological examination results are discussed in relation to other common dementing neurologic diseases.
Work-in-progress: Designing a 3D scanner for digital reconstruction of rare cultural artifacts

In this paper we describe one attempt to bridge humanities with technology in the design of a scanner to reconstruct 3D images of cultural items. The scanner will be used as an automated device to reconstruct 3D digital images of selected cultural artifacts from the Slavery in the Old South collection located at the prestigious Meek-Eaton Southeastern Regional Black Archives Research Center and Museum at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University. This project is an integrated design that involves a hardware solution and a software solution to create an automated 3D scanning system. This work represents a collaborative effort with the Museum to increase global access to their collections and to digitally preserve rare artifacts for extended use over time.
Moving vector Preisach hysteresis model and /spl delta/M curves

The /spl delta/M curves predicted by the vector Preisach model are analyzed and proved to always be negative. A mean interaction field parallel to the magnetization is added to the model so as to reproduce the positive /spl delta/M curve of barium ferrite particulate media. By using this model in self consistent field computation, the typical overwrite behavior of barium ferrite has been reproduced. Calculated dc-erasure has been found to be more efficient than ac-erasure, which is consistent with experimental results. >
Witnessable quantifiers license type-e meaning: Evidence from contrastive topic, equatives and supplements

This paper presents three novel ways of testing which plural quantificational phrases can denote individuals (type e). Specifically, it is argued that only type-e expressions can (i) be marked as a contrastive topic in a discourse contrasting individuals, (ii) be equated with another type-e expression in an equative frame, and (iii) anchor supplementing material. The main empirical finding is that the class of quantifiers allowing type-e nominal denotations is larger than assumed on classic accounts like Reinhart 1997. Furthermore, this class is characterizable in semantic terms. The quantifiers that give rise to type-e meanings are "witnessable" in the sense of entailing the existence of an individual satisfying both their restrictor and their nuclear scope.
New approach to study extended evolution of supergranular flows and their advection of magnetic elements

Using velocity and magnetogram data extracted from the full-disk field of view of MDI during the 1999 Dynamics Program, we have studied the dynamics of small-scale magnetic elements (3–7 Mm in size) over time periods as long as six days while they are readily visible on the solar disk. By exploiting concurrent time series of magnetograms and Doppler images, we have compared the motion of magnetic flux elements with the supergranular velocity field inferred from the correlation tracking of mesogranular motions. Using this new method (which combines the results from correlation tracking of mesogranules with detailed analysis of simultaneous magnetograms), it is now possible to correlate the motions of the velocity field and magnetic flux for long periods of time and at high temporal resolution. This technique can be utilized to examine the long-term evolution of supergranulation and associated magnetic fields, for it can be applied to data that span far longer time durations than has been possible previously. As tests of its efficacy, we are able to use this method to verify many results of earlier investigations. We confirm that magnetic elements travel at approximately 350 m s −1 throughout the duration of their lifetime as they are transported by supergranular outflows. We also find that the positions of the magnetic flux elements coincide with the supergranular network boundaries and adjust as the supergranular network itself evolves over the six days of this data set. Thus we conclude that this new method permits us to study the extended evolution of the supergranular flow field and its advection of magnetic elements. Since small-scale magnetic elements are strongly advected by turbulent convection, their dynamics can give important insight into the properties of the subsurface convection.
Exchange Efficiency with Weak Property Rights

We show that the first welfare theorem obtains independently of the strength of property rights protection. In an exchange setting, a large class of legal rules (what we call generalized liability rules) are exchange-efficient. Included in this class are property rules (generalized liability rules with very large damages Ds), standard liability rules (generalized liability rules with Ds that track the owner's valuation), and even rules which afford possessory interests only very weak protection (generalized liability rules with very small Ds). This result corrects a previous misconception in the literature, and yields the provocative conclusion that strong property rights are not required for exchange efficiency.
Parallelizing the web browser

We argue that the transition from laptops to handheld computers will happen only if we rethink the design of web browsers. Web browsers are an indispensable part of the end-user software stack but they are too inefficient for handhelds. While the laptop reused the software stack of its desktop ancestor, solid-state device trends suggest that today's browser designs will not become sufficiently (1) responsive and (2) energy-efficient. We argue that browser improvements must go beyond JavaScript JIT compilation and discuss how parallelism may help achieve these two goals. Motivated by a future browser-based application, we describe the preliminary design of our parallel browser, its work-efficient parallel algorithms, and an actor-based scripting language.
NagR Differentially Regulates the Expression of the glmS and nagAB Genes Required for Amino Sugar Metabolism by Streptococcus mutans.

ABSTRACT The ability of bacteria to metabolize glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is considered important for persistent colonization of the oral cavity. In the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans, the NagR protein regulates the expression of glmS, which encodes a GlcN-6-P synthetase, and nagA (GlcNAc-6-P deacetylase) and nagB (GlcN-6-P deaminase), which are required for the catabolism of GlcNAc and GlcN. Two NagR-binding sites (dre) were identified in each of the promoter regions for nagB and glmS. Using promoter-reporter gene fusions, the role of each dre site was examined in the regulation of glmS and nagB promoter activities in cells grown with glucose, GlcNAc, or GlcN. A synergistic relationship between the two dre sites in the glmS promoter that required proper spacing was observed, but that was not the case for nagB. Binding of purified NagR to DNA fragments from both promoter regions, as well as to dre sites alone, was strongly influenced by particular sugar phosphates. Using a random mutagenesis approach that targeted the effector-binding domain of NagR, mutants that displayed aberrant regulation of both the glmS and nagAB genes were identified. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that NagR is essential for regulation of genes for both the synthesis and catabolism of GlcN and GlcNAc in S. mutans, and that NagR engages differently with the target promoter regions in response to specific metabolites interacting with the effector-binding domain of NagR. IMPORTANCE Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine are among the most abundant naturally occurring sugars on the planet, and they are catabolized by many bacterial species as sources of carbon and nitrogen. Representing a group called lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the human dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans is shown to differ from known paradigm organisms in that it possesses a GntR/HutC-type regulator, NagR, that is required for the regulation of both catabolism of GlcN and biosynthesis. Results reported here reveal a simple and elegant mechanism whereby NagR differentially regulates two opposing biological processes by surveying metabolic intermediates. This study provides insights that may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic tools to combat dental caries and other infectious diseases.
Inpatient and Post-Discharge Quality Ratings of a Hospital Foodservice Department

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine quality ratings of food and nutrition services given during and after a hospital stay. This study assessed quality ratings of a food and nutrition department using inpatient questionnaires, post-discharge questionnaires, and telephone interviews. Data were collected from 252 inpatients, and 437 patients post-discharge; 48 patients completed both. Patients rated the quality of 12 aspects of food and nutrition services using a five-point scale ranging from very poor to very good. Results suggested those who completed questionnaires as inpatients were different demographically than those completing post-discharge questionnaires. Quality ratings generally were good to very good. Interpersonal aspects of providing food and nutrition services tended to receive higher quality ratings than technical aspects. Regression analysis results indicated food quality was the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction with the food. As patients' expectations of food quality and staff courtesy were met at higher levels, associated quality variables received higher ratings.
Substance use disorders and comorbid Axis I and II psychiatric disorders among young psychiatric patients: Findings from a large electronic health records database

Abstract This study examined the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among psychiatric patients aged 2–17 years in an electronic health records database ( N = 11,457) and determined patterns of comorbid diagnoses among patients with a SUD to inform emerging comparative effectiveness research (CER) efforts. DSM-IV diagnoses of all inpatients and outpatients at a large university-based hospital and its associated psychiatric clinics were systematically captured between 2000 and 2010: SUD, anxiety (AD), mood (MD), conduct (CD), attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), personality (PD), adjustment, eating, impulse-control, psychotic, learning, mental retardation, and relational disorders. The prevalence of SUD in the 2–12-year age group ( n = 6210) was 1.6% and increased to 25% in the 13–17-year age group ( n = 5247). Cannabis diagnosis was the most prevalent SUD, accounting for more than 80% of all SUD cases. Among patients with a SUD ( n = 1423), children aged 2–12 years (95%) and females (75–100%) showed high rates of comorbidities; blacks were more likely than whites to be diagnosed with CD, impulse-control, and psychotic diagnoses, while whites had elevated odds of having AD, ADHD, MD, PD, relational, and eating diagnoses. Patients with a SUD used more inpatient treatment than patients without a SUD (43% vs. 21%); children, females, and blacks had elevated odds of inpatient psychiatric treatment. Collectively, results add clinical evidence on treatment needs and diagnostic patterns for understudied diagnoses.
Microbial contamination in burn patients undergoing urgent intubation as part of their early airway management.

Inhalation injuries occur in approximately one third of all major burns and account for a significant number of deaths in burn patients each year. Previous studies have examined ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with inhalation injury, but no study to date has evaluated the incidence of bacterial contamination of the airways on admission in patients with inhalation injuries. Because pulmonary complications have been found to cause or directly contribute to mortality in as high as 77% of patients, with combined inhalation injury and thermal injury, early detection of community-acquired pneumonia may significantly alter treatment outcomes. The authors conducted a retrospective review of all burn patients with early intubation and inhalation injury admitted between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2006 who underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) within 24 hours of admission. Seventy-four consecutive patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Age, sex, percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA), presence of alcohol, site of intubation, grade of injury, and BAL results were examined. Analysis revealed a patient population that was 67.6% male, with a 42.0 +/- 17.1-year-old mean age, 27.0 +/- 24.7 %TBSA average burn, 1.6 +/- 1.2 inhalation grade, 17.8 +/- 24.4 ventilator days requirement, 27.3 +/- 31.4 days of length of stay, and 21.6% mortality. BAL results were grouped into four categories: 1) No growth, 2) Normal flora, 3) 100,000 cfu. By this criteria, 13 patients (17.6%) had no growth, 22 (29.7%) had normal flora, 27 (36.5%) had 100,000 cfu on the initial BAL. Therefore, 53% grew pathogenic organisms and 16% had >100,000 cfu on BAL with initial bronchoscopy. The predominant organisms were gram-positive cocci, with Streptococcus viridans found in 15 patients (20%), Staphylococcus aureus in eight (11%), and Streptococcus pneumonia in four (6%). Analysis of the patients with the highest bacterial loads revealed that they were 75% female and had a trend toward an increased ventilator requirement and longer length of stay. Patients with combined thermal and inhalation injury requiring urgent intubation have a high incidence of bacterial bronchial contamination. Inhalation injury creates a damaged tracheobronchial mucosa and early intubation provides a portal for bacterial contamination. Further studies with a larger patient population and randomization to treatment and nontreatment of the BAL culture results may show statistically significant differences in ventilator days, length of stay, and mortality.
Random and cooperative sequential adsorption

Irreversible random sequential adsorption (RSA) on lattices, and continuum "car parking" analogues, have long received attention as models for reactions on polymer chains, chemisorption on single-crystal surfaces, adsorption in colloidal systems, and solid state transformations. Cooperative generalizations of these models (CSA) are sometimes more appropriate, and can exhibit richer kinetics and spatial structure, e.g., autocatalysis and clustering. The distribution of filled or transformed sites in RSA and CSA is not described by an equilibrium Gibbs measure. This is the case even for the saturation "jammed" state of models where the lattice or space cannot fill completely. However exact analysis is often possible in one dimension, and a variety of powerful analytic methods have been developed for higher dimensional models. Here we review the detailed understanding of asymptotic kinetics, spatial correlations, percolative structure, etc., which is emerging for these far-from-equilibrium processes.
Enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of the coordination chemistry of malononitrile on copper surfaces: Removal of ν(CN) degeneracy through π-coordination

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the molecular interactions of malononitrile with copper electrode surfaces. The doubly degenerate CN stretching frequency at 2263/cm is removed when malononitrile adsorbs on copper. Two nu(CN) bands are observed at 2096 and 2204/cm at -0.6 V(SCE). The result shows that only one CN group is pi-coordinated with Cu, which contributes to the observed large shift (-167/cm) in nu(CN). The other CN group is not coordinated to the metal surface.
Cylindrical Gaussian Eigenmodes Of A Rectangular Waveguide Resonator Three-Dimensional Numerical Calculation Of Gain Per Mode

First we present approximate analytical solutions to the wave equation inside an over-moded metallic rectangular waveguide. The cold eigenmodes are expressed in terms of cylindrical Gaussian-Hermite functions times trigonometric functions to insure the boundary conditions. Next, we discuss a numerical three-dimensional calculation for a Free Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier which is based on the Lienard-Wiechert solution of the Maxwell's equations cast in an integral form. This approach is readily and efficiently extended to include the effects of the metallic boundaries of the waveguide by means of the method of "image currents". Finally, the radiation field in the cavity emitted by the electrons in the presence of the combined fields of a co-propagating eigenmode wave plus a linearly polarized magnetic undulator is expanded in terms of cavity eigenmodes. This expansion allows us to compute the gain per resonator mode.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Team leader style: enhancing the creativity of employees in teams

Shows that the communication style that team and project leaders use to enhance team creativity is of paramount importance in trying to promote creativity in the workplace. Team leaders need to be trained to exhibit a communication pattern that enhances team creativity, but they should be trained in such a way that team members perceive accurately the message the team leader is portraying. Explains how team leaders can be trained to exhibit a consultative/team‐oriented communication style to enhance team creativity, as opposed to a directive/assertive style, such that team members perceive the team leader’s message accurately. Describes a follow‐up evaluation process, including sample questions for a survey of team members’ perceptions of leader style.
White-light spacial frequency multiplication using soft x rays

We have patterned a 0.25-micron period grating in SAL-601 photoresist using soft x-ray white-light spatial frequency multiplication. The configuration is that of a grating interferometer using two transmission gratings having the same period ((Lambda) equals 0.5 micron) and fabricated by electron beam lithography and lift-off. The first transmission grating splits an incoming x-ray beam into two paths and the second grating, operating in higher order, combines the two beams. A standing wave pattern is obtained at the intersection of the two beams and recorded by a photoresist coated substrate. This patterning technique has the advantage of multiplying the spatial frequency of the interferometer gratings by an even integer factor. Furthermore, the recording geometry is insensitive to both the longitudinal and transverse coherence of the illumination. Synchrotron bending magnet radiation from the advanced light source located at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used as the source. The grating interferometer geometry has been used in the past to record white-light interference fringes using visible and ultraviolet light sources. We have used a two-grating interferometer to provide an initial demonstration of white-light spatial frequency doubling at soft x-ray wavelengths. By using this technique with shorter period parent gratings, it should be possible to patten gratings with higher resolution than electron beam lithography.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
New Findings on the Role of Fat in Poultry Nutrition

(1959). New Findings on the Role of Fat in Poultry Nutrition. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 277-289.
Producing Your Own Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice

Abstract For most social workers it is no longer possible to delay technological proficiency (Abell & Galinsky, 2002). In order to use evidence, one must constantly produce evidence throughout practice; every day and where applicable in most helping situations. Computer Assisted Technology (CAT) is one of the tools a social worker can use to produce his/her own evidence which can be used to maximize practice efficacy. Further combined with clinical observations, it can be used to prevent making false case conclusions. Practitioners are encouraged to use CAT to produce evidence which leads to more informed and judicious practice.
THE EFFECT OF TRANQUILIZERS ON THE IMMEDIATE SKIN WHEAL REACTION. A PRELIMINARY REPORT.

T HE biochemical reactions associated with the immediate skin reaction are not fully understood although liberation of free histamine has been implicated as the most important substance involved in these phen0mena.l Suppression of the immediate skin test has been observed while the known reactor has been under hypnosis.* Antihistamines,“? 4, 6 aminophylline,51 6 and the sympathicomimetic drugs 5, 6 such as epinephrine, ephedrine, and isoprot,erenol in therapeutic doses have been shown to suppress the immediate skin reaction to various allergens. ACTH and cortisone, in therapeutic doses, do not significantly alter this reaction.7, * This preliminary study was designed to observe the effects of the more commonly used tranquilizers-chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride,# meprobamate, i and hydroxyzine$-on the diagnostic intradermal testing procedure, with ragweed employed as the test antigen.
County, city and place data for microcomputers

The Bureau of the Census makes county, city and place data available in different products, several of which are available in multiple formats. The County and City Data Book (CCDB) is available in printed form, on computer tape, and now on microcomputer diskettes. This article will focus on the new diskette product, which was produced in response to public demand for data immediately usable on a microcomputer. The CCDB was chosen for this diskette pilot project because it is one of the Bureau's smallest data collections.
Disparity between Feeding Performance and Predicted Muscle Strength in the Pharyngeal Musculature of Black Drum, Pogonias cromis (Sciaenidae)

Pogonias cromis, black drum, is the largest durophagous sciaenid and feeds almost exclusively on hard-shelled bivalves and gastropods using powerful pharyngeal jaws. I estimated pharyngeal jaw bite forces used to crush live molluscs during feeding trials from juvenile and young adult Pogonias cromis, and they are the highest yet documented for bony fishes. Crushing ability in P. cromis scaled with strong positive allometry suggesting large adult fish may have one of the strongest bites among vertebrates. Physiological estimates of pharyngeal muscle strength derived from muscle cross sectional area accounted for only half of the force generated during actual feeding performance trials. The significant disparity between feeding performance and pharyngeal muscle strength in P. cromis indicates the presence of novel biomechanical linkages that enhance crushing ability for feeding on hard-shelled molluscs. I present a biomechanical model in which the lower pharyngeal jaw architecture of P. cromis emulates a second class lever mechanism that can amplify muscle forces transmitted to the shell of the prey.
Tonic GABAA Receptor-Mediated Inhibition in the Rat Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus

Type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors expressed in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) critically regulate the activity of vagal motor neurons and, by inference, the gastrointestinal (GI...
One in three.

A few years ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that one out of every three black men who have sex with men are HIV positive. Since I am a physician who happens to be both ...
Ionizing Radiation as a Phytosanitary Treatment Against Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Efficacy in Naturally Versus Artificially Infested Fruit

Some phytosanitary irradiation treatment research against tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) has used artificially infested fruit with the unstated and untested assumption that the method adequately simulated a natural situation. We compare grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfayden, naturally infested by Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), via oviposition until larvae reached the late third instar versus insertion of diet-reared third instars into holes made in grapefruits 24 h before irradiation; the latter technique has been used in other studies. Both infestation techniques resulted in statistically indistinguishable results, indicating that insertion of diet-reared third instar Mexican fruit fly into holes bored into grapefruit and subsequently sealed 24 h before irradiation would adequately represent natural infestation and could be used to develop a radiation phytosanitary treatment of the insect in grapefruit when prevention of adult emergence is used as the measure of efficacy. Nevertheless, it may not be advisable to extend this conclusion to other fruit fly/fruit combinations without doing appropriate comparison studies. Dissection of puparia from nonirradiated control insects that failed to emerge as adults showed a relatively even distribution of mortality among the developmental stages within the puparium. In contrast, dissection of puparia from irradiated third instars that did not emerge as adults revealed a sharp attenuation in development from cryptocephalic to phanerocephalic pupae demonstrating this transition to be the developmental step most affected by radiation.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a manifestation of T-suppressor-cell deficiency

This report describes two children in whom autoimmune hemolytic anemia was the initial clinical manifestation of an underlying T-cell deficiency. Further investigation revealed a profound deficiency of T suppressor cells in both children as detected by monoclonal T-cell antibody (OKT8) and/or functional assays. In vitro incubation of their lymphocytes with cultured thymus epithelium or thymic factors induced T suppressor cells. In vivo treatment with cultured thymus epithelium or calf thymosin fraction 5 resulted in increased T-suppressor-cell numbers and/or function in both and possibly decreased hemolytic activity in one. These results suggest that the autoimmune process in some patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is associated with T-suppressor-cell deficiency and that in vivo therapy with agents that modulate T-cell function may be of therapeutic value.
Aspects of Regional-Scale Flows in Mountainous Terrain

Abstract Mountaintop data from remote stations in the central Rocky Mountains have been used to analyze terrain-induced regional (meso-β to meso-α) scale circulation patterns. The circulation consists of a diurnally oscillating wind regime, varying between daytime inflow toward, and nocturnal outflow from, the highest terrain. Both individual case days and longer term averages reveal these circulation characteristics. The persistence and broadscale organization of nocturnal outflow at mountaintop, well removed from valley drainage processes, demonstrates that this flow is part of a distinct regime within the hierarchy of terrain-induced wind systems. The diurnal cycle of summertime convective storm development imparts a strong influence upon regional-scale circulation patterns. Subcloud cooling processes, associated with deep moist convection, alter the circulation by producing early and abrupt shifts in the regional winds from an inflow to outflow direction. These wind events occur frequently when moist ...
Estimation of Core Terrestrial Habitat for Stream‐Breeding Salamanders and Delineation of Riparian Buffers for Protection of Biodiversity

Many species of wildlife depend on riparian habitats for various life-history functions (e.g., breeding, foraging, overwintering). Although this unique habitat is critical for many species, delineations of riparian zones and buffers for various taxa are lacking. Typically when buffer zones are determined to mitigate edge effects, they are based on criteria that protect aquatic resources alone and do not consider impacts to wildlife and other terrestrial resources. Using two different survey methods (area-constrained daytime searches and nighttime visual encounter searches), we estimated core terrestrial habitat and buffer widths for stream-breeding salamanders in southern Appalachian streams from May to August 2004. A core terrestrial habitat of 27.0 m encompassed 95% of the salamander assemblage (four species of stream plethodontids), and an additional 50 m (to buffer edge effects) yielded a total buffer of 77.0 m. When each species of the assemblage was analyzed separately, the maximum core terrestrial habitat needed for the Blue Ridge two-lined salamander (Eurycea wilderae), a dominant member and the farthest-ranging species from the stream, was 42.6 m. Thus, we recommend an overall buffer width of 92.6 m in southern Appalachian streams. To protect stream amphibians and other wildlife dependent on riparian areas, land managers and policy makers must consider conserving more than aquatic resources alone. Developing core terrestrial habitat estimates and buffer zone widths for wildlife populations is a critical first step in the conservation of many semiaquatic organisms and protecting biodiversity.
Higher-Order Relativistic Contributions to the Combined Zeeman and Motional Stark Effects in Positronium

A calculation of higher-order relativistic contributions to the combined Zeeman and motional Stark effects in positronium is presented. These contributions are necessary for the determination of the fine-structure interval in the ground state from the Zeeman effect and may be important in future experiments on the first excited states of positronium. The contributions to the g/sub j/ factors have been calculated to order alpha /sup 2/ for all the S states and for the 2P states. The energy levels and the higher-order corrections to the motional Stark effect in the first excited state are also presented. Relativistic contributions are obtained from the matrix elements of a Hamiltonian containing the Breit interaction, a Pauli Hamiltonian, and the virtual annihilation interaction. For all nS states the relativistic contributions to the Zeeman effect may be accounted for by the replacement of g/sub e/ by g/sub e/ (l - 5 alpha /sup 2//24n/ sup 2/ T/2mc/sup 2/), where T is the kinetic energy of the atom and g/sub e/ is the gyromagnetic ratio of the free electron. (auth)
BOLUS MAGNESIUM INFUSION IN HUMANS IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREDOMINANTLY UNFAVOURABLE CHANGES IN PLATELET AGGREGATION AND CERTAIN HAEMOSTATIC FACTORS

Abstract The purpose of this study was an attempt to extrapolate favorable observations on the effects of magnesium on platelets and haemostasis from animal models to humans. Intravenous magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction has been tested in several large clinical trials and remains controversial. The mechanism for the cardioprotective properties of magnesium is unknown. Based on experimental studies, several different hypotheses have been advanced to explain the benefits of magnesium including it's effects on platelets and haemostasis. However, few studies have analysed such a relationship in humans. This project was designed to assess the effect of bolus magnesium infusion onex vivoplatelet aggregation and certain haemostatic parameters in healthy volunteers. One gram of magnesium was diluted in 50 ml of D5W and infused over a period of 15 min. The changes of platelet aggregability, plasma antithrombin-III, Protein C, total Protein S, fibronectin, endothelin-1, as well as the metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin were determined prior to and immediately after magnesium infusion.Results:Serum magnesium concentration increased from 2.10±0.08 at baseline to 3.12±0.13 mg dl−1(P=0.0002) post-infusion. Magnesium infusion was associated with a significant elevation in ADP (+19.3%); ristocetin (+13.6%); and collagen-induced platelet aggregation (+14.2%); an increase in plasma antithrombin-III (+10.3%) and thromboxane (+49.4%) when compared to pre-infusion levels. Against this, total Protein S (−20.7%), Protein C (−11.2%) and ET-1 (−26.3%) plasma concentrations were markedly decreased. There were no significant differences in plasma fibronectin and prostacyclin levels. Contrary to expectations, magnesium infusion in human volunteers is associated with platelet activation and mostly small unfavourable changes in certain haemostatic factors. However, the observed changes were small and for the most part remained within the normal physiologic range.
Ecological momentary assessment of adolescent smoking cessation : A feasibility study

Attempts to quit smoking by adolescents typically fail, even when aided by psychosocial and pharmacological treatments. Gaining a better understanding of the process of smoking cessation and relapse in this population could lead to improved treatments and increases in cessation rates. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to describe the relapse process among adults, but not among adolescents. This study examined the feasibility of using EMA to examine relapse among adolescent smokers. Participants (N = 13) used a hand-held computer for 3 weeks to report on their smoking behavior, affect state, and exposure to smoking cues during a quit attempt (7 days prequit, 14 days postquit). All of the participants recorded a quit attempt and at least one lapse during the monitoring interval. Compliance with the protocol was generally high but decreased slightly over time. As with adults, evidence indicated that lapses were associated with craving, negative affect, and smoking cues. These data support the feasibility and potential value of using EMA with adolescent smokers.
An optical vortex coronagraph

An optical vortex may be characterized as a dark core of destructive interference in a beam of spatially coherent light. This dark core may be used as a filter to attenuate a coherent beam of light so an incoherent background signal may be detected. Applications of such a filter include: eye and sensor protection, forward-scattered light measurement, and the detection of extra-solar planets. Optical vortices may be created by passing a beam of light through a vortex diffractive optical element, which is a plate of glass etched with a spiral pattern, such that the thickness of the glass increases in the azimuthal direction. An optical vortex coronagraph may be constructed by placing a vortex diffractive optical element near the image plane of a telescope. An optical vortex coronagraph opens a dark window in the glare of a distant star so nearby terrestrial sized planets and exo-zodiacal dust may be detected. An optical vortex coronagraph may hold several advantages over other techniques presently being developed for high contrast imaging, such as lower aberration sensitivity and multi-wavelength operation. In this manuscript, I will discuss the aberration sensitivity of an optical vortex coronagraph and the key advantages it may hold over other coronagraph architectures. I will also provide numerical simulations demonstrating high contrast imaging in the presence of low-order static aberrations.
Optical fibers for ultralarge capacity DWDM transmission

In order to meet ever-increasing demand for large transmission capacity, optical fiber technologies are evolving toward ultimate performance. New generation non- zero dispersion-shifted fibers, whose dispersion characteristics are optimized for ultra-large transmission capacity terrestrial networks, have recently been introduced. In the field of submarine cable networks, dispersion-flattened and dispersion-managed hybrid transmission lines are emerging rapidly.
Lattice dynamics of InSb from phonon imaging

The ballistic heat flux radiating from a point source of heat in a cold crystal displays a complex pattern of caustics due to phonon focusing. The caustics correspond to folds in the elastic-wave surface of the crystal. The pattern of caustics is independent of phonon frequency unless the phonon wavelength is comparable to the lattice spacing; i.e., for values of wavevectork approaching π/a. We have measured both the shift in the caustic pattern (angular dispersion) and the increasing time-of-flight (velocity dispersion) for ballistic phonons in InSb with wavevectors up to 40% of the Brillouin-zone boundary. Comparison with existing lattice-dynamics models favors the Bond Charge Model (BCM). The phonon-imaging method gives information about theshapes of the wave surfaces which is complementary to the dispersion curves measured only along symmetry directions by neutron scattering.
Edge detection and labeling by fusion of intensity and range images

ABSTRACT We have developed an energy minimization approach for detection and labeling of edges by fusing informationfrom registered intensity and range images. The chosen set of labels for the edges, {jump, crease, intensity, noedge}, is a classification based on the physical properties of the surfaces in the scene. Bayesian formulation is used to combine the different information sources, and the a priori knowledge about the labels is modeled by a Markovrandom field. Results of applying the labeling algorithm on several real image pairs indicate that it is possible todetect as well as label the jump, crease, and intensity edges accurately using this approach. 1. INTRODUCTION Fusion of information from different sensors is essential for robustness in several applications of computer vision {8] (e.g., navigation, inspection, target recognition). Fusion of range (depth) and intensity images can provide infor-mation about the physical origin of edges— a useful intrinsic property of the scene. Range images provide evidencefor jump and crease edges (discontinuities). An intensity image, in addition, provides evidence for discontinuities inalbedo (reflective property of a surface). Therefore, combining the two sources of information can help locate mostof the important discontinuities in the image, and classify them according to their physical origin.It is believed that integration of visual information occurs at the location of discontinuities [9] and is performedduring surface reconstruction [12] .
AllocRay: memory allocation visualization for unmanaged languages

A program's memory system performance is one of the key determinants of its overall performance. Lack of understanding of a program's memory system behavior can lead to performance problems, the most common being memory fragmentation and memory leaks. In this paper, we present AllocRay, a visualization that animates memory allocation event trace information over a time period of execution of a program. Various modes of display with custom color mappings and zooming allow the programmer to see how heaps are used over time (by allocation type, age, size, or thread id). Custom displays also allow the programmer to quickly detect potential memory leaks and fragmentation problems. Composable filters enable the programmer to focus on specific issues. We describe the techniques used to enable processing of a huge number of trace events while enabling rapid response to visualization view changes. We also describe informal interviews with four expert programmers to examine the usability of the AllocRay design.
Rationalizing the Fabrication Conditions for Nanoporous Gold

Electrochemical dealloying has proven to be an efficient way of fabricating nanoporous gold. The morphology of nanoporous gold can be tailored by controlling factors such as the etching time, temperature of the electrolyte used, composition of the alloy, pre and/or post heat treatment and voltage applied to suit applications such as fuel cell electrodes and sensors. This work aims at studying the effect of some of these factors, for example the electrolyte concentration on the dealloying processes, especially on the morphology. A model relating the factors including the processing parameters and the pore size is established by statistical approaches using the Design Expert 7.1 software. An equation that correlates the individual as well as the interaction effects on nanoporous gold is proposed. The validity of the equation is verified by existing research results and also by carrying out a series of tests.© 2010 ASME
Case Histories of Traumatic Grief

The symptoms of traumatic grief have been shown to be distinct from those of bereavement-related depression and anxiety among elderly widows and widowers, and bare striking resemblance to symptoms ...
Sulfadiazine for Kidney Disease

(1951). Sulfadiazine for Kidney Disease. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 135-137.
The Advisor and Instructor as a Dynamic Duo: Academic Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs

Students learn in and out of a formal classroom, and instructors and academic advisors play key roles in academic motivation and learning. Therefore, through the lens of self-determination theory, we examined the ways perceived support from instructors and advisors relates to satisfaction of college students' basic psychological needs. Advisor and instructor support correlated with satisfaction of student needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Also, as hypothesized, instructor and advisor support predicted satisfaction of basic needs, but did so differently. Instructors and academic advisors create a dynamic duo that significantly contributes to satisfaction of basic psychological needs underlying motivation and achievement.
Circulating steroid hormones of anadromous sea lampreys under various experimental conditions.

Presence, sex differences, and stress response of 6 circulating steroids were studied with specific radioimmunoassays in anadromous Petromyzon marinus. There were no detectable plasma levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone was absent in 75 of 77 blood samples, and progesterone was present in 33 of 77 blood samples from 27 lampreys of both sexes. No statistically significant sex differences in the plasma levels of androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol were found. The plasma levels of these steroids were studied under the following experimental conditions: (1) chronic surgical stress (heart cannulation); (2) acute short-term stress (agitation); (3) decapitation without anesthesia within 1 min following capture; (4) decapitation after 10 min of submersion in a 0.05% solution of the anesthetic tricaine methanesulfonate. The androstenedione titers increased in response to all four experimental conditions, while estrone showed no statistically significant changes. Progesterone increased only during chronic stress. The estradiol levels dropped after heart cannulation and also 24 hr after agitation. The appearance of testosterone in 2 animals during chronic stress cannot be explained. Our data suggest that in adult lampreys (1) the roles of “sex” steroids differ from those typical for many gnathostomes; (2) androstenedione is a stress-related substance; (3) circulating androstenedione and estradiol may be—mainly or exclusively—released from different sources.
Magnetic elliptical polarization of Schumann resonances

Measurements of orthogonal, horizontal components of the magnetic field in the ELF range obtained during September 1985 show that the Schumann resonance eigenfrequencies determined separately for the north-south and east-west magnetic components differ by as much as 0.5 Hz, suggesting that the underlying magnetic signal is not linearly polarized at such times. The high degree of magnetic ellipticity found suggests that the side multiplets of the Schumann resonances corresponding to azimuthally inhomogeneous normal modes are strongly excited in the highly asymmetric earth-ionosphere cavity. The dominant sense of polarization over the measurement passband is found to be right-handed during local daylight hours, and to be left-handed during local nighttime hours.
Western journalism’s ‘Other’: The legacy of the Cold War in the comparative study of journalism:

In 1995, when discussing the critiques of the New York Times made by academics and pundits, Michael Schudson stated that the newspaper has never been anything ‘like the late, unlamented Pravda’. Th...
BASIC RESEARCH IN ENDOMETRIOSIS

A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms associated with the cause and pathophysiology of endometriosis may help in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the management of endometriosis. Research has begun to enhance our understanding of endometriosis by demonstrating the differences and similarites between eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and by characterizing the peritoneal environment. Animal models have been developed and validated to conduct studies that are ethically impossible in women. Recently, cell culture models, using purified populations of cells from endometriotic lesions, have provided an appropriate in vitro endometriosis model to study the language by which cells communicate; to evaluate the biochemical effects of steroids, growth factors, pharmacological agents and immunomodulatory agents on the cells; and to study the effects of endometriosis on reproduction.
Herbal preparation use among urban emergency department patients.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of herbal preparation use among patients presenting to an urban teaching hospital ED. Methods: A prospective anonymous survey on herbal preparation use was performed. Consecutive, acutely ill or injured adult (≥8 years old) ED patients were offered the survey over a 1-month period. The survey also asked for information related to patient age, ethnicity, gender, employment, education, cigarette smoking history, ethanol consumption, use of illicit drugs, chief complaint, and HIV status. Results: Of 2,473 eligible subjects, 623 (25%) participated. The overall reported prevalence of herbal preparation use among the participants was 21.7%. Women were more likely to use herbal preparations than men (28.5% vs 17.2%, p = 0.013). Prevalence rates in different ethnic populations were: whites, 18.2%; Hispanics, 13.9%; blacks, 26.4%; and Asians, 36.8%. Asians had a significantly higher use rate than the other ethnic groups (p = 0.039). Neither HIV positivity, educational level, employment status, nor age was significantly associated with herbal preparation use. The most commonly reported herbal preparations were goldenseal tea, garlic, and ginger. Several of the herbal preparations reported as used by patients in this study have been associated with severe systemic toxicity in the medical literature. Conclusion: Although the survey response rate was low, the prevalence of herbal preparation use among acutely ill or injured patients presenting to this urban ED remains significant. A directed history toward specific herbal preparation use may provide relevant pharmacologic information and uncover cases of herbal-preparation-induced toxicity.
Molecular tracers for smoke from charring/burning of chitin biopolymer

Abstract Monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose are the major organic components of smoke particles emitted to the atmosphere from biomass burning. In urban areas a related biopolymer, chitin, may contribute markers to smoke from grilling/charring of crustacean seafood. 1,6-Anhydro-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose and the related degradation products from chitin can be utilized as specific and general indicator compounds for the presence of emissions from charring/burning of crustaceans in samples of atmospheric fine particulate matter. This enables the potential assessment of such cooking emissions in urban and rural areas. There are other compounds (e.g., thermal alteration derivatives from proteins and nucleic acids) which are additional key indicators in smoke from charring/burning of chitin. 1,6-Anhydro-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose is proposed as a specific indicator for chitin in biomass burning emissions. It is emitted at similarly high concentrations and emission rates as levoglucosan from cellulose burning that it should be detectable in certain indoor and urban atmospheres.