cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
225-Kilodalton phosphoprotein associated with mitotic centrosomes in sea urchin eggs.

Protein phosphorylation during development of sea urchin eggs from fertilization to first cleavage was examined by labeling cells with specific antiphosphoprotein antibodies. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antithiophosphoprotein antibody (Gerhart et al.: Cytobios 43:335-347, 1985) has revealed that nuclei as well as centrosomes, kinetochores, and midbodies were specifically thiophosphorylated in developing eggs incubated with adenosine 5'-O (3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP-gamma-S). The phosphorylation reaction required Mg2+ but was not dependent on cAMP or calmodulin in detergent-extracted models. Centrosomes were purified by fractionation of isolated mitotic spindles with 0.5 M KCl extraction. The thiophosphoproteins were retained in the purified centrosomes and the antibody recognized a major 225-Kd polypeptide on immunoblots. In an independent preparation, a monoclonal antiphosphoprotein antibody (CHO3) was found also to react with mitotic poles and stained a 225-Kd polypeptide, confirming the centrosome specificity of this protein. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the 225-Kd thiophosphoprotein was found at mitotic poles associated with granules to which mitotic microtubules were directly attached. Unlike centrosomes in permeabilized eggs, those in isolated spindles could not be thiophosphorylated, possibly due to inactivation or loss of either phosphorylation enzymes or cofactors, or both, during isolation. The immunofluorescence labeling of thiophosphate could be inhibited by ATP and AMP.PNP in a concentration-dependent manner. Exogenous ATP could abolish thiophosphate-staining more effectively when added with phosphatase inhibitors, suggesting a dynamic state in which centrosomal proteins are being phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in rapid succession by the action of protein kinase(s) and phosphatase(s).
A deeply stratified archaeological and sedimentary sequence in the Delaware river valley of the middle Atlantic region, United States

A stratified sedimentary and archaeological sequence over seven meters thick is under investigation on Upper Shawnee Island in the Upper Delaware Valley, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Artifact deposits identified to date include Early Archaic (7380 B.C.), possible Middle Archaic (4300/3300 B.C.), Late Archaic (1565 B.C.), and Middle and Late Woodland components. This paper focuses on the Early Archaic deposits at approximately 4.3 meters below the surface and the implications that the entire profile has for paleoenvironmental change. The sedimentary sequence represents several major changes in depositional processes. Of special interest is a dramatic decrease in landscape stability and an increase in flood depositions during the mid-Holocene, circa 4300/3300 B.C. Similar changes are evident at archaeological sites in the Middle and Lower sections of the Delaware Valley and appear to be a reflection of regional climatic change.
A Survey of Uncertainty Measures: Structures and Applications

This paper discusses a characterization of a class of random sets. This characterization is expressed in terms of probability coverage functions which are useful in studying random set representation of different types of uncertainty, including possibility distributions in common sense knowledge representation and randomized confidence set procedures in statistical inference. The problem of computation of expected volumes of random sets, as a measure of desirability, using probability coverage functions, is investigated.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Report of a Case

Metastasis to the pancreas from a distant primary cancer is uncommon, most cases being detected in the ad- vanced stages of disease, often multiple in number, and dif- fusely displayed beyond surgical salvage. A solitary metastasis in the head of the pancreas is rarely encountered and although potentially amenable to surgical resection, surgeons are hesi- tant to perform pancreaticoduodenectomy for metastatic disease. Renal cell carcinoma is one malignancy with a pro- pensity to metastasize to the pancreas. We report herein the case of a solitary pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carci- noma successfully treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy in a middle-aged man. A discussion on the indications and effec- tiveness of performing pancreaticoduodenectomy for meta- static renal cell carcinoma is also presented.
A prospective evaluation of isolated limb perfusion with doxorubicin in patients with unresectable extremity sarcomas

S: PLENARY and PARALLEL SESSIONS 2 of 5 animals showing a complete response out to 60 days). There was no significant change in tumor LPAM concentration with addition of heat. Average proliferation index following ILP with saline, saline + HT, LPAM, or LPAM + HT was 40%, 28%, 27%, and 16% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of LPAM with increasing amounts of localized heat yielded increasing growth delay and decreased proliferative index. This demonstrates that the application of hyperthermia, rather than the prevention of hypothermia, is the cause for enhanced therapeutic effect in HILE The interaction between HT and melphalan was synergistic. This interaction could not be explained by increased uptake of drug with the addition of heat. These findings underscore the importance of the use of HT in regional chemotherapy.
The Life and Times of Low-Grade Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary

For the past several years, all women with epithelial ovarian cancer have been treated identically, whether in a clinical trial or off protocol. Over the past decade, we have come to appreciate the magnitude of the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer. The development of the binary grading system for serous carcinoma was a major advance, leading to separate clinical trials for patients with this subtype, originating from the Gynecologic Oncology Group's Rare Tumor Committee. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway appears to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of this subtype. Approximately 20% to 40% of low-grade serous carcinomas have a KRAS mutation, while BRAF mutations are rare-approximately 5%. In genomic profiling studies, these tumors appear to cluster with serous tumors of low malignant potential. Compared with high-grade serous carcinomas, low-grade serous carcinomas are also characterized by a low frequency of p53 mutations, greater expression of ER and PR, and greater expression of PAX2 and IGF-1. Primary treatment of low-grade serous carcinoma includes surgery plus platinum-based chemotherapy (either adjuvant or neoadjuvant). Clinical behavior is characterized by young age at diagnosis, relative chemoresistance, and prolonged overall survival. Current options for treatment of relapsed disease include secondary cytoreduction in selected patients, salvage chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. A recently completed trial of a MEK inhibitor for women with recurrent disease demonstrated promising activity. Future directions will include further investigations of the molecular biology and biomarker-driven clinical trials with targeted agent monotherapy and combinations.
Hypoxic Liver Injury

Hypoxic liver injury is defined as a massive, but transient, increase in serum transaminase levels due to an imbalance between hepatic oxygen supply and demand in the absence of other acute causes of liver damage. It typically occurs in elderly individuals with right-sided congestive heart failure and low cardiac output. Precipitating factors include arrhythmias or pulmonary edema. Symptoms include weakness, shortness of breath, and right upper quadrant pain. Less commonly, hypoxic liver injury is seen in patients with severe hypoxemia or septic shock. Characteristically, the transaminase level is elevated 20-fold but normalizes rapidly over several days. Imaging studies reveal hypoechoic or hypodense lesions that resolve completely with reversal of the initiating event. Treatment and prognosis depend on the underlying disease.
Spatial nonlocality of the ¿standard¿ arrival-time distribution

Abstract The spatial nonlocality of the “standard” arrival-time distribution is analyzed theoretically for an arbitrary initial wave function and found to be of an unusual nature.
Reduced power processor requirements for the 30-cm diameter HG ion thruster

An evaluation of simplifications for the thruster power processor interface for a 30 cm Hg ion thruster is presented. Tests on the engine, thruster control, and the power supplies are performed. Reduced power processors requirements are defined and the impact on thruster design, performance, and lifetime are assessed.
Reaction of tobacco mosaic virus nucleic acid with formaldehyde.

Abstract Lower concentrations of formaldehyde are required to inactivate the infectivity of the nucleic acid from tobacco mosaic virus than are required to inactivate intact TMV. The amount of formaldehyde bound at half inactivation is about 400 and 20 molecules for one intact virus particle and its separated nucleic acid, respectively. The reaction of formaldehyde with nucleic acid appears to be specific for the amino groups of the bases. However there is little reaction in those cases where the amino groups are believed to be involved in strong hydrogen bonding as exemplified by DNA and the two-strand complex of polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids. The reaction proceeds in two steps, the first leading to a more labile form of binding, whereas after a more extensive reaction most of the formaldehyde becomes firmly bound. The formaldehyde binding of RNA is greatly decreased at higher salt concentration which is taken as evidence that fewer amino groups are free to react under these conditions. A comparison of TMV-RNA with yeast- and liver-RNA preparations shows that the virus nucleic acid is the most reactive towards formaldehyde. The significance of the quantitative evaluation of the formaldehyde binding on the structure of RNA is discussed.
Obama's Metro Presidency

Metropolitan areas are the unequivocal engines of the US economy and our prosperity because they spatially concentrate at an unprecedented level the assets that matter, assets like innovation, huma...
A bogus Benjamin Rush quote: contribution to the history of pharmacracy

Benjamin Rush (1746-1813), the 'father' of American psychiatry, is perhaps best known as the inventor of the 'tranquilizing chair'. In recent decades, political and psychiatric activists have attributed a quotation to him in which he allegedly warned: 'To restrict the art of healing to one class of men and deny equal privileges to others will constitute the Bastille of medical science.' The source of this quotation cannot be found, and Rush's remarks about 'medical despotism' are inconsistent with the body of his work. Other examples are cited to illustrate the thesis that false attributions, used to support and advance particular ideological causes, are remarkably resistant to efforts at correction.
Dilatancy and Shear Strength of Sand at Low Confining Pressures

Sand dilates with shearing at a rate that increases with increasing relative density DR and decreases with increasing effective confining stress c. The peak friction angle of a sand depends on its critical-state friction angle and on dilatancy. In this paper, we develop a simple correlation between peak friction angle, critical-state friction angle, and dilatancy based on triaxial compression and plane-strain compression test data for sand for a range of confining pressures from very low levels to approximately 196 kPa. DOI: 10.1061/ASCEGT.1943-5606.0000237 CE Database subject headings: Sand, Soil type; Stress; Dilatancy; Shear strength; Friction. Author keywords: Sand; Low confining stress; Dilatancy; Shear strength; Friction angle.
Approximate sheath solutions for a planar plasma anode

Solutions to the anode sheath problem are studied for the case where the electron temperature and plasma temperature are constant and equal. The planar geometry description of steady, low-temperature collisional plasmas permits certain simplifications to the species continuity equations whereby a single, highly nonlinear equation is obtained for the entire region disturbed by the electrode. This equation is given in terms of the electric field and a variable representing the currents. The formulation includes charged-particle production with a net current flow. Solutions are generated with a nontrivial analytic expression for the electric field. Results are described for nitrogen at moderately high densities, which at sufficiently flow currents are realistic for electron-impact ionization and two-body recombination. This case is completely described by two nondimensional groupings, which are sufficient to define the sheath and ambipolar regions. The constants A and a are evaluated using information for nitrogen at 6000 K, corresponding to degrees of ionization above 10/sup -6/. Other practical discharge gases are also represented in the example. >
Vegetation greenness impacts on maximum and minimum temperatures in northeast Colorado

The impact of vegetation on the microclimate has not been adequately considered in the analysis of temperature forecasting and modelling. To fill part of this gap, the following study was undertaken. A daily 850–700 mb layer mean temperature, computed from the National Center for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis, and satellite-derived greenness values, as defined by NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), were correlated with surface maximum and minimum temperatures at six sites in northeast Colorado for the years 1989–98. The NDVI values, representing landscape greenness, act as a proxy for latent heat partitioning via transpiration. These sites encompass a wide array of environments, from irrigated-urban to short-grass prairie. The explained variance (r2 value) of surface maximum and minimum temperature by only the 850–700 mb layer mean temperature was subtracted from the corresponding explained variance by the 850–700 mb layer mean temperature and NDVI values. The subtraction shows that by including NDVI values in the analysis, the r2 values, and thus the degree of explanation of the surface temperatures, increase by a mean of 6% for the maxima and 8% for the minima over the period March–October. At most sites, there is a seasonal dependence in the explained variance of the maximum temperatures because of the seasonal cycle of plant growth and senescence. Between individual sites, the highest increase in explained variance occurred at the site with the least amount of anthropogenic influence. This work suggests the vegetation state needs to be included as a factor in surface temperature forecasting, numerical modeling, and climate change assessments. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Are diurnal patterns of stomatal movement the result of alternating metabolism of endogenous guard cell ABA and accumulation of ABA delivered to the apoplast around guard cells by transpiration

Abscisic acid (ABA) prevents opening of closed stomata and causes open stomata to close. A dual-source model is proposed linking ABA to diurnal stomatal movements. Darkness would favour guard cell biosynthesis of endogenous ABA and disfavour ABA catabolism. At first light, xanthophyll cycling, isomerization of ABA precursors, and activation of a cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase (CytP450) would deplete endogenous guard cell ABA. The NADPH-requiring CytP450 would be activated by elevated O2 and reduced CO2 concentrations resulting from mesophyll photosynthesis. An increased O2-to-CO2 ratio would limit the Calvin cycle in guard cells, diverting NADPH produced by photosynthetic electron transport to the cytosol where, along with elevated O2, it would activate CytP450. Depletion of endogenous ABA would liberate guard cells to extrude protons and accumulate the ions and water needed to increase guard cell turgor and open stomata. By midday, stomata would be regulated by steady-state concentrations of ABA delivered to the apoplast around guard cells by transpiration. In temperate conditions, ABA would reach concentrations high enough to trigger ion efflux from guard cells, but too low to defeat the accumulation of sugars used to maintain opening. In dry conditions, ABA would reach effective concentrations by midday, high enough to trigger ion efflux and inhibit sugar uptake, reducing apertures for the rest of the day. At sunset, conditions would again favour biosynthesis and disfavour catabolism of endogenous guard cell ABA. The model can be used to reconcile proposed cellular mechanisms for guard cell signal transduction with patterns of stomatal movements in leaves.
Exchange-rate volatility and industry trade between Canada and Mexico

While it has long been assumed that exchange-rate volatility introduces a level of uncertainty that helps reduce trade flows, this need not be the case for particular country pairs or for specific products. This study examines the case of trade between Canada and Mexico—two members of the highly integrated North American market. Trade flows are examined for a number of specific products using the “bounds testing” cointegration approach over the period from 1973 to 2006. Relatively few industries see a long-run reduction in trade volumes due to volatility. This indicates that multinational producers in these integrated markets might be able to hedge against exchange-rate risk. Since major Mexican exports appear to see the largest reductions, Mexico might have a stronger incentive to reduce the volatility of the peso.
On the Performance of Sequential Regression Multiple Imputation Methods with Non Normal Error Distributions

Sequential regression multiple imputation has emerged as a popular approach for handling incomplete data with complex features. In this approach, imputations for each missing variable are produced based on a regression model using other variables as predictors in a cyclic manner. Normality assumption is frequently imposed for the error distributions in the conditional regression models for continuous variables, despite that it rarely holds in real scenarios. We use a simulation study to investigate the performance of several sequential regression imputation methods when the error distribution is flat or heavy tailed. The methods evaluated include the sequential normal imputation and its several extensions which adjust for non normal error terms. The results show that all methods perform well for estimating the marginal mean and proportion, as well as the regression coefficient when the error distribution is flat or moderately heavy tailed. When the error distribution is strongly heavy tailed, all methods ...
Positive outlook as a moderator of the effectiveness of an HIV/STI intervention with adolescents in detention

Justice-involved adolescents engage in high levels of risky sexual behavior, underscoring the need for targeted, effective, prevention interventions geared toward this population. In a randomized controlled trial, 484 detained adolescents received a theory-based intervention or an information-only control. We have previously demonstrated that the theory-based intervention was superior to the control condition in changing theoretical mediators and in producing longitudinal decreases in risky sexual behavior. In the present study, we examined differential response to the intervention based on the adolescents' level of positive outlook (composed of self-esteem, perceived control over the future and optimism toward the future). Changes to putative theoretical mediators (attitudes, perceived norms, self-efficacy and intentions) were measured immediately post-intervention, and behavioral data were obtained 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. Positive outlook significantly moderated program effects both in the context of the mediational path model and in the context of the longitudinal growth model. Specifically, intervention effects were strongest for those scoring relatively lower on the positive outlook dimension, whereas adolescents high in positive outlook demonstrated greater attitudes and self-efficacy and decreased risky sexual behavior, regardless of condition. Findings are discussed in terms of targeting and tailoring of intervention content.
Using fuzzy logic inference algorithm to recover molecular genetic regulatory networks

Network inference algorithms are powerful computational tools for identifying potential causal interactions among variables from observational data. Fuzzy logic has inherent capability of handling noisy data, so it becomes a tool we use to develop our inference algorithm. Here, we use a simulation approach to test and improve the algorithm. Our fuzzy logic inference algorithm works reasonably well in recovering the underlying regulatory network.
Object-Based Evaluation of a Storm-Scale Ensemble during the 2009 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment

AbstractObject-based verification of deterministic forecasts from a convection-allowing ensemble for the 2009 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Experiment is conducted. The average of object attributes is compared between forecasts and observations and between forecasts from subensembles with different model dynamics. Forecast accuracy for the full ensemble and the subensembles with different model dynamics is also evaluated using two object-based measures: the object-based threat score (OTS) and the median of maximum interest (MMI).Forecast objects aggregated from the full ensemble are generally more numerous, have a smaller average area, more circular average aspect ratio, and more eastward average centroid location than observed objects after the 1-h lead time. At the 1-h lead time, forecast objects are less numerous than observed objects. Members using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (ARW) have fewer objects, more linear average aspect ratio, and smaller average area t...
Mouse isoantigens: separation of soluble TL (thymus-leukemia) antigen from soluble H-2 histocompatibility antigen by column chromatography.

Mouse H-2 histocompatibility antigen has been extracted, solubilized, and partly purified from the cells of an A strain spontaneous leukemia carrying TL (thymus-leukemia) antigens. H-2 and TL. 1, 2, 3 activities were measured by inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of the corresponding isoantibodies. TL activity was associated with the H-2 active fraction obtained by solubilization and fractionation by gel filtration. TL specificity was largely separated from H-2 antigen by subsequent chromatography on DEAE Sephadex as an adjacent component in a series of fractions. The soluble H-2 antigen prepared from the leukemia cells was tested for most of the specificities determined by H-2a with no exceptional results. TL. 1, 2, 3 activities, measured as each component separately, were located in approximately the same position; there is no clear indication yet whether the three TL specificities are separable from one another. It appears that in addition to the close genetic linkage between the H-2 and TL loci, and their reciprocal interaction in producing H-2 and TL antigens, these antigens exhibit some similarity at the chemical level.
Accessing protocols and network reconfigurations for cellular-ISDN systems

The focus of this paper is the modeling of user populations and network functions in cellular-ISDN systems, and the subsequent design of efficient accessing protocols and system reconfiguration techniques. We consider and model mixed user populations in cellular sites: regular voice, high priority-public safety, and data. Each user class imposes different constraints. We consider the functions performed in cellular-ISDN systems, and in conjunction with the user models, we discuss appropriate classes of accessing protocols for the various steps involved in accessing connections. We propose specific approaches towards the design of protocols for both the signaling and the transmission channels in cellular-ISDN islands. We also propose algorithms for monitoring changes in the cellular environments, which decide upon and subsequently implement appropriate changes in cellular architectures and protocols. >
A QUANTITATIVE STUEY OF ERYTHRASMA LESIONS

Summary.— Factors involved in the formation of erythrasma lesions are discussed. In the axillae and groins, the presence of scaling was a significant forerunner of the appearance of a fluorescent lesion. The total bacterial count, the counts of both fluorescent and non-fluorescent diphtherolds, were highest in areas showing both fluorescence and scaling, but the number of micrococci did not differ significantly between affected and non-affected sites.
Special Economic Zones in India: Reconfiguring Displacement in a Neoliberal Order?

In this paper I explore some legal and political strands in the schema of Special Economic Zones in India with specific reference to an immediate fallout of serious concern and contestation—the imminent displacement of thousands of people and livelihoods in the countryside where large SEZs are slated to come up. I examine the issues emerging from the peasant resistance to SALIM SEZ in the Nadigram block in West Bengal, to SEZs in Goa and ethnographic material from the Mumbai SEZ area of Raigad district in Maharashtra to offer a synoptic picture of the controversies around SEZs in India. In view of the developing scenario of dispossession and/ or distress, I argue for an anthropological praxis of political economic engagement.
Supporting plan authoring and analysis

Interactive tools to help users author plans or processes are essential in a variety of domains. KANAL helps users author sound plans by simulating them, checking for a variety of errors and presenting the results in an accessible format that allows the user to see an overview of the plan steps or timelines of objects in the plan. From our experience in two domains, users tend to interleave plan authoring and plan checking while extending background knowledge of actions. This has led us to refine KANAL to provide a high-level overview of plans and integrate a tool for refining the background knowledge about actions used to check plans. We report on these lessons learned and new directions in KANAL.
Effect of DL-ethionine on poliomyelitis virus growth in tissue culture.

ConclusionsThe Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus requires L-methionine for its growth and multiplication in cultures of human embryonic brain tissue. Its growth can be materially inhibited with DL-ethionine, a structural analogue of the essential amino acid. The inhibitor acts by interfering with the biosynthesis of the poliomyelitis virus just as it suppresses the growth of influenza virus. This technic affords a procedure for studying the growth requirements of poliomyelitis virus and for testing materials which may influence its growth.
Reflections on animal selves

Is self-cognizance a uniquely human attribute, or do other animals also have a sense of self? Although there is considerable interest in this question, answers remain elusive. Progress has been stymied by misunderstandings in terminology, a focus on a narrow range of species, and controversies over key concepts, experimental paradigms and interpretations of data. Here, we propose a new conceptual and terminological framework, emphasizing that degrees of self-cognizance differ among animals because of the cognitive demands that their species-specific social structures and life-history characteristics have placed upon them over evolutionary time. We suggest that the self-cognizance of an organism falls at a point on a continuum of social complexity and conscious involvement.
What's So Different about a Counterfactual?

The author contends that the difference between so-called factual and counterfactual arguments is greatly exaggerated; it is one of degree, not of kind. Both arguments ultimately rest on the quality of their assumptions, the chain of logic linking causes to outcomes, and their consistency with available evidence. He critiques two recent historical works that make extensive use of counterfactuals and finds them seriously deficient in method and argument. He then reviews the criteria for counterfactual experimentation proposed by social scientists who have addressed this problem and finds many of their criteria unrealistic and overly restrictive. The methods of counterfactual experimentation need to be commensurate with the purposes for which it is used. The author discusses three uses for counterfactual arguments and thought experiments and proposes eight criteria appropriate to plausible-world counterfactuals.
Epithelial Thinning in Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency

Purpose To investigate the epithelial thickness in the cornea and limbus in limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy. Design Cross-sectional comparative study. Methods Confocal images of 48 eyes of 35 patients with LSCD collected by the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph III Rostock Corneal Module Confocal Microscope from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed. Volume Z-scans of the central cornea and the superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal limbus were included in the analysis. Eleven normal eyes served as control. Epithelial thickness in all locations was measured by 2 independent observers. Results The mean epithelial layer thickness was 48.6 ± 2.3 μm in the central cornea and 63.7 ± 11.3 μm in the limbus in the control. Compared with the epithelial thickness in normal control, the epithelial thickness in LSCD patients was reduced by an average of 20.2% in the central cornea and 38.5% in the limbus (all P P Conclusions Both corneal and limbal epithelia become progressively thinner in LSCD. Epithelial thickness could be used as a diagnostic measure of LSCD.
“An Unquestionable Source?”Melville’s “The Town-Ho’s Story,” the Inquisition, and W. B. Stevenson’s Twenty Years’ Residence in South America

This essay is the first to examine Melville’s “The Town-Ho’s Story” (Chapter 54 of Moby-Dick [1851]) in relation to W. B. Stevenson’s then-popular-but-now-forgotten British travel narrative, Twenty Years’ Residence in South America (1825). Drawing from suggestive circumstances and parallel action unfolding in each, I make a case for the English sailor’s encounter with the Spanish Inquisition in Lima as important source material for the Limanian setting that frames Melville’s tale. In bringing to light a new source for Moby-Dick , I argue that Melville refracts Stevenson’s actual encounter with the Inquisition in Lima to produce a symbolic, mock confrontation with Old-World authority represented in the inquisitorial Dons and the overall context of the story. Thus, the purpose of the essay is twofold: first, to recover an elusive source for understanding the allusive framework of “The Town-Ho’s Story,” a setting that has perplexed some of Melville’s best critics; and second, to illuminate Melville’s use of Lima and the Inquisition as tropes crucial for understanding a larger symbolic confrontation between the modern citizen (or subject) and despotic authority that plays out not only in Moby-Dick but also in other works such as Mardi (1849), White-Jacket (1850), “Benito Cereno” (1855), Clarel (1876), and The Confidence-Man (1857), wherein the last of which the author wrote on the frontispiece of a personal copy, “Dedicated to Victims of Auto da Fe.”
Sleep Deprivation and the Cardiovascular System

With increasing demands on productivity in modern society, lack of sleep is increasingly prevalent. People are now sleeping on average only 6.8 h a day, which is 1.5 h less than a century ago. There is emerging evidence that lack of sleep may contribute importantly to cardiac and vascular dysfunction and disease.
Computed tomography slice thickness and its effects on three-dimensional reconstruction of anatomical structures

Abstract Objectives Computed Tomography (CT) scan parameters such as slice thickness have a direct impact on any 3D models derived from the volumetric data. Higher slice thickness spacing leads to loss of resolution quality in the visualizations. Materials and methods Twenty CT head scans were acquired at a 0.625mm slice thickness. These data sets were resliced a range of 1–5mm slice thicknesses. The resultant 3D models of the skull were compared using the 0.625mm model as a standard. Differences in surface area, volume and part-to-part comparison were analyzed. Results and conclusions There were significant differences in surface area, volume and part-to-part comparison analyses from the 0.625mm skulls as determined with One-way ANOVA by a p -value less than 0.05. Part-to-part comparison proved to have the greatest sensitivity for detecting geometric differences between slice thickness treatments. This study proposes using a 1.25mm maximum slice thickness when forensic practitioners require 3D reconstruction in their casework.
Acute Ingestion of Citrulline Stimulates Nitric Oxide Synthesis but Does Not Increase Blood Flow in Healthy Young and Older Adults With Heart Failure

To determine if age-associated vascular dysfunction in older adults with heart failure (HF) is due to insufficient synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), we performed two separate studies: 1) a kinetic study with a stable isotope tracer method to determine in vivo kinetics of NO metabolism, and 2) a vascular function study using a plethysmography method to determine reactive hyperemic forearm blood flow (RH-FBF) in older and young adults in the fasted state and in response to citrulline ingestion. In the fasted state, NO synthesis (per kg body wt) was ∼ 50% lower in older vs. young adults and was related to a decreased rate of appearance of the NO precursor arginine. Citrulline ingestion (3 g) stimulated de novo arginine synthesis in both older [6.88 ± 0.83 to 35.40 ± 4.90 μmol · kg body wt(-1) · h(-1)] and to a greater extent in young adults (12.02 ± 1.01 to 66.26 ± 4.79 μmol · kg body wt(-1) · h(-1)). NO synthesis rate increased correspondingly in older (0.17 ± 0.01 to 2.12 ± 0.36 μmol · kg body wt(-1) · h(-1)) and to a greater extent in young adults (0.36 ± 0.04 to 3.57 ± 0.47 μmol · kg body wt(-1) · h(-1)). Consistent with the kinetic data, RH-FBF in the fasted state was ∼ 40% reduced in older vs. young adults. However, citrulline ingestion (10 g) failed to increase RH-FBF in either older or young adults. In conclusion, citrulline ingestion improved impaired NO synthesis in older HF adults but not RH-FBF, suggesting that factors other than NO synthesis play a role in the impaired RH-FBF in older HF adults, and/or it may require a longer duration of supplementation to be effective in improving RH-FBF.
Review: Calcium supplementation and risk for fracture in persons > 50 years of age

Source Citation Bolland MJ, Leung W, Tai V, et al. Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. BMJ. 2015;351:h4580. 26420387
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Biological Relatedness from Low Coverage Sequencing Data

The inference of biological relatedness from DNA sequence data has a wide array of applications, such as in the study of human disease, anthropology and ecology. One of the most common analytical frameworks for performing this inference is to genotype individuals for large numbers of independent genomewide markers and use population allele frequencies to infer the probability of identity-by-descent (IBD) given observed genotypes. Current implementations of this class of methods assume genotypes are known without error. However, with the advent of second generation sequencing data there are now an increasing number of situations where the confidence attached to a particular genotype may be poor because of low coverage. Such scenarios may lead to biased estimates of the kinship coefficient, Φ. We describe an approach that utilizes genotype likelihoods rather than a single observed best genotype to estimate Φ and demonstrate that we can accurately infer relatedness in both simulated and real second generation sequencing data from a wide variety of human populations down to at least the third degree when coverage is as low as 2x for both individuals, while other commonly used methods such as PLINK exhibit large biases in such situations. In addition the method appears to be robust when the assumed population allele frequencies are diverged from the true frequencies for realistic levels of genetic drift. This approach has been implemented in the C++ software lcmlkin.
The Constitution and United States Foreign Policy: An Interpretation

Perhaps the best single sentence defining the Constitution was, appropriately, penned by the "father" of the document in 1792. In such "charters of liberty" as the Constitution, James Madison wrote, "every word ... decides a question between power and liberty." He hoped that "being republicans," Americans would be "anxious to establish the efficacy of popular charters, in defending liberty against power, and power against licentiousness." Some one hundred eighty years later, while writing one of the few extended analyses of the relationship between the Constitution and foreign policy, Louis Henkin noted that in one critical area Madison's insight had been tragically neglected. No greater power existed than the American, and specifically the president's, ability to destroy all civilization, but books "that deal with the Constitution say little about American foreign relations," Henkin lamented, and those dealing with foreign policy have "roundly ignored" the "controlling relevance of the Constitution."' In truth, the neglect of the connection between foreign affairs and constitutional principles is relatively new. From the time of the Federalist, whose opening essays stressed the foreign policy problems that threatened the new nation's liberties and security, and of the 1792-1793 Hamilton-Madison debate over the president's powers in the global arena, through the bitter "imperialist" versus "anti-imperialist" confrontations of 1898-1900, Americans argued over appropriate foreign policy while keeping the Constitution closely in view, and they fought over constitutional principles with acute awareness of their effect on international affairs. By World War II, however, the debate had dramatically changed. Scholars led by Edward S. Corwin repeatedly raised the danger of conducting foreign policy without due regard for constitutional restraints, but Congress, the courts, and, above all, the executive ignored the warnings. In the top secret National Security Council document NSC 68 of April 1950, which became the blueprint for United States policy thereafter, the Truman administration argued that "the integrity of our system will not be
RIGHT ATRIAL MASS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM: WHO WAS HERE FIRST?

The majority of primary cardiac tumors are benign. When an intra-cardiac mass is detected treatment should depend on which factors? A previously healthy 38-year-old male presented with dyspnea and syncope. Computed Tomography Angiogram (CTA) showed a saddle pulmonary embolus (PE). Transesophageal
Enhanced magnetism and ferroelectricity in epitaxial Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/CoFe2O4/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 multiferroic heterostructures grown using dual-laser ablation technique

PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/CoFe2O4/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (PZT/CFO/LSMO) and PZT/LSMO heterostructures were grown on single-crystal MgO (100) substrates using the dual-laser ablation technique. X-ray diffraction confirmed the epitaxial relationship between the layers in the heterostructures. Magnetization measurements showed in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in PZT/CFO/LSMO with enhanced saturation magnetization of 288 emu/cm3 as compared to 244 emu/cm3 for PZT/LSMO. With the introduction of the hard magnetic CFO, the low coercivity of PZT/LSMO increased from 0.1 kOe to 1.4 kOe. Polarization measurements showed well-saturated square hysteresis loops for PZT/CFO/LSMO with enhanced remanent polarization (Pr) values of 69 μC/cm2 at a coercive field (Ec) of 88 kV/cm as compared to Pr = 51 μC/cm2 at Ec = 39 kV/cm for PZT/LSMO. The improved hard ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties in PZT/CFO/LSMO as compared to PZT/LSMO make it desirable for multiferroic device applications.
Fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Superconductor Thick Films on Cu Substrates

Well oriented Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8(Bi2212) superconductor thick films were formed successfully on Cu tapes by liquid reaction between Cu-free precursors and Cu tapes. Cu-free Bi-Sr-Ca-O powder mixtures were screen-printed on Cu tapes and heat-treated at 850-870°C for several minutes in air. Cu-free precursors were composed of BixSrCaOy(x= 1.2-2). In order to obtain the optimum heat-treatment condition, we studied on effects of the precursor composition, heattreatment temperature and time, the screen-printing thickness, and the heat-treatment atmosphere on the superconducting properties of Bi2212 films. Microstructures and phases of films were analyzed by XRD and optical microscopy. The electric properties of superconducting films were examined by the four probe method. At heat-treatment temperature, the specimens were in a partially molten state by liquid reaction between CuO in the oxidized copper tape and the precursors. The non-superconducting phases in the molten state are mixtures of Bi-free phase and Cu-free phases.
Intravascular ultrasound imaging of human cerebral arteries

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of imaging cerebral arteries in vitro with intravascular ultrasound and to establish a correlation between echographic images and corresponding histological architecture. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed using a 30-MHz, 4.3F ultrasound probe. Twenty-two arterial segments were obtained at autopsy from 6 patients and were imaged fresh. Arteries were then processed for histological examination and comparisons were made between echographic and histological findings. The correlation between luminal area measurements as determined histologically and by intravascular ultrasound was tested by linear regression analysis. Intravascular ultrasound demonstrated a three-layered appearance in normal cerebral arteries but not in those affected by severe atherosclerosis. Overall, ultrasound correctly identified the presence of a plaque in 83% of patients. Intravascular ultrasound sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 100 and 80% for calcium deposits and 83 and 75% for fibrous tissue. Intravascular ultrasound and histological measurements correlated well for the determination of luminal area (r = 0.89). Intravascular ultrasound provides accurate characterization of the arterial lumen and geometry, as well as the presence and histological features of atherosclerotic plaque. Thus, it appears to have a great potential for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of atherosclerosis and may serve to guide new interventional techniques being utilized in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
A method of crystallization of human myoglobin.

SummaryA method of purifying and crystallizing human myoglobin is described. This method depends on the observation that myoglobin is soluble in saturated ammonium sulfate solutions at pH 8.
Plasma prostanoids in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Influence of meconium aspiration.

Thromboxane B2 may be a mediator of neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension. Elevated levels of plasma thromboxane and prostacyclin have been described previously in hypoxic newborn infants with neonatal pulmonary hypertension. We measured serial plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (stable metabolite of prostacyclin) in 21 newborn infants with severe respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. We sought to study (1) the evolution of plasma prostanoids in pulmonary hypertensive infants treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and (2) whether different pulmonary hypertensive diagnostic subgroups have distinctive prostanoid profiles. Our data indicated that infants with meconium aspiration had significantly lower levels of plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α while receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation than did infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension but no meconium aspiration. Levels of all infants decreased progressively as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support continued.
CHAPTER 10 – Protein and Nucleic Acid Complexes

The chapter discusses complexes between deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) and proteins. Complexes between DNAs and proteins take two general forms: sequence specific, as would be expected for translational regulators, and nonsequence specific, as might be predicted for DNA-packaging proteins; such as the histones. Most of the complexes that have been studied by either X-ray or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods involve B-DNA. In this form of DNA, the major groove of the duplex is large enough to accommodate protein secondary structure the size of an α helix. To be a regulator of DNA transcription, the protein motif must recognize specific nucleotide sequences. Such sequences are called “the recognition element.” The chapter discusses the structural data describing DNA. The chapter also mentions the interaction between DNA and site-specific proteins detailing the DNA binding motifs, and helix-turn-helix. Phage 434 repressor with regard to the DNA complex is then discussed, and a leucine zipper. Some of these structural observations are easily explained while others are not. The chapter concludes by stating that water molecules are observed to bind to specific sites on both DNA and protein. In fact, in some instances, they may form the link between nucleic acid and protein. Water, therefore, may play a significant role in complex formation, and therefore in the regulation process itself.
Housing Assistance and Blood Lead Levels: Children in the United States, 2005–2012

Objectives. To compare blood lead levels (BLLs) among US children aged 1 to 5 years according to receipt of federal housing assistance.Methods. In our analyses, we used 2005 to 2012 data for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) respondents that were linked to 1999 to 2014 administrative records from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). After we restricted the analysis to children with family income-to-poverty ratios below 200%, we compared geometric mean BLLs and the prevalence of BLLs of 3 micrograms per deciliter or higher among children who were living in assisted housing at the time of their NHANES blood draw (n = 151) with data for children who did not receive housing assistance (n = 1099).Results. After adjustment, children living in assisted housing had a significantly lower geometric mean BLL (1.44 µg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31, 1.57) than comparable children who did not receive housing assistance (1.79 µg/dL; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.01; P < .01). Th...
Establishing Consensus on Residency Education in Women's Health

Abstract Background: Internal medicine residents are expected to be able to provide gender-specific care. The objective of this study was to develop a consensus list of core topics and procedural skills in women's health to allow residency program directors to prioritize and standardize educational efforts in women's health. Methods: We conducted a two-round Delphi of women's health experts. Participants were given a list of topics and asked to: (1) rank each topic based on how important they felt each topic was for internal medicine residents to be proficient in upon graduation, and (2) identify which topics were critical for a women's health curriculum. Mean importance ratings for all topics and mean agreement ratings for the critical topics were calculated. The list of critical topics mirrored the list of important topics; therefore, our consensus list included any topic that received a mean importance rating of ≥4. Results: Of the 41 experts invited to participate, 46% (19) completed the first round w...
A Search for the Science of Creative Leadership

(1990). A Search for the Science of Creative Leadership. Gifted International: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 2-34.