cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delivery of primary care services among family planning centers: a response to managed care?

Abstract Previous case studies indicate that some family planning centers are transforming themselves into providers of primary care services, in part as a strategy to attract managed care contracts. Data for 98 family planning centers from the 1994 National Survey of Women’s Health Centers and supplementary sources are used to explore the factors associated with managed care contracting. Although some organizational-level factors are predictive, no cross-secional association was found between providing primary care and managed care contracting, which suggests family planning centers are not using primary care as a major contracting strategy.
The Aqueous Proton Is Hydrated by More Than One Water Molecule: Is the Hydronium Ion a Useful Conceit?

For some time now, there has been disagreement concerning the best way to denote the aqueous proton in chemical equations. Recent results have shown that although the hydronium ion, H3O+, may exist as a participant in some kinetic mechanisms, the thermodynamic ground-state structure for the hydrated proton is actually the hexahydrate, H+·(H2O)6, or H13O6+. We report here a short history of this debate and a brief summary of the recent spectroscopic results. Finally, we argue that in the overwhelming majority of reactions studied in lower-division college and high school chemistry courses, it is preferable to use H+(aq) rather than H3O+(aq) to depict the hydrated proton.
Interference screw position and hamstring graft location for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft and interference screw fixation has recently been considered. Concerns for the use of interference screws with soft tissue grafts include damage to the graft during screw insertion, decreased fixation strength, and a decrease in the bone-tendon contact area for healing within the tunnel when the screw is placed in an eccentric position. This last concern could be addressed by placing the interference screw centrally between the four limbs of the hamstring graft. The purpose of this study was to determine the mode of failure, the pullout force, and graft slippage before graft fixation failure of hamstring tendons fixed with an interference screw positioned eccentrically in relation to the hamstring tendons verses an interference screw positioned centrally between the four graft limbs. The semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were harvested from six, fresh cadaveric specimens. Each tendon was divided into two segments of equal length. Both the semitendinosus and gracilis tendon segments were looped to form four strands. The specimens were then fixed with a bioabsorbable interference screw in the two different positions and pulled from a standardized polyurethane foam. All tendons in both groups failed by pulling out from between the interference screw and tunnel, regardless of the screw position. No tendon was cut by the screw in either group. There was no significant difference between the forces required to produce specific amounts of graft slippage between the two fixation techniques tested. There was no significant difference between the average total slippage at maximum pullout, 11.8 mm for the screw placed in the eccentric position and 13.7 mm for the screw placed in the central position. The maximum pullout force averaged 265.3 N for the screw placed in the eccentric position, and 244.7 N for the screw placed in the central position; these values were not significantly different. Placement of the interference screw in the central position did not compromise strength and it improves graft contact within the bone tunnel. Interference screw fixation, when applied against a bone plug, has been shown to consistently have a pullout force of more than 400 N.
Do kainate-lesioned hippocampi become epileptogenic?

Abstract Kainic acid lesions of hippocampal subfields CA3–CA4 produced dramatic synchronous afterdischarge activity in subfield CA1 when studied 2–4 weeks post-lesion in the in vitro slice preparation. This epileptiform discharge was correlated with a loss of intrinsic firing-induced afterhyperpolarizations and synaptic IPSPs. Two to 4 months post-lesion, intrinsic afterpotentials and synaptic inhibition appeared normal in most cells studied.
High latitude ion composition

A data base comprised of all available ionosphere satellite ion composition measurements - the Goddard Comprehensive Ionosphere Data Base (GCID) - has been set upon optical disks for convenient merging and accessing of data from different satellites. This data has recentely been expanded to include all accessible satellite electron density and plasma temperature measurements. This paper demonstrates with a couple examples, the potential of GCID as an alternative to empirical models for undertanding ionsophere physics and chemistry. Through binning techniques GCID provdes a tool that complements and improves on the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI) in delineating the topology of high latitude ion composition. GCID provides at a glance a measure of the local statistical variabilty of the ion compostions that is not in empirical models such as IRI. Furthermusing the data to determine the spatial and geophysical parameter range over which the minor ion species are approximately in chemical equilibrium, the number of data points available for empirical ion composition models can be increased by using the statiscally more reliable neutral and electron empirical models to derive ions composition. Currently available empirical models are not capable of adequately defining the comples high latitude distribution - a measure of the variablity is needed.
Corrosion performance improvement of hot-dipped galvanized (HDG) steels by electro-deposition of epoxy-resin-ester modified bis-[tri-ethoxy-silyl] ethane (BTSE) coatings

Abstract A water-based epoxy-resin-ester modified bis-[tri-ethoxy-silyl] ethane (BTSE) organosilane coated by electro-deposition was tried on hot-dipped galvanized (HDG) steel for corrosion protection. Various resin ratios were tested with different electro-deposition cathodic currents. FTIR showed a more cross-linked siloxane network (Si O Si) by electro-deposition than by immersion. AFM, SEM, EDX examined the morphology and interface between the coating and substrate. Performance tests of salt spray test (SST), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization showed the corrosion resistance of BTSE-resin film was dramatically increased by electro-deposition. A corrosion protection morphology was proposed according to the results in this work.
Measurement of brain protein turnover with [14C]sodium bicarbonate.

— Protein turnover in rat brain was measured over a period of 30 days by following the decay in specific radioactivity of acidic amino acids in proteins labelled by a single intraperitoneal injection of [14C]NaHCO3. Two major populations of brain proteins can be identified from the resultant non-linear decay curve—one with an average half-life of 4 days and another with an average half-life of 12 days. The half-lives of total brain, mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble proteins determined over a period of 5 days were 3.4, 5.8, 2.8, and 2.6 days, respectively. Turnover of these same brain subcellular fractions was also measured by continuous infusion of [14C]tyrosine. The estimated half-lives were in close agreement with those obtained from the 5 day measurement of radioactive decay following a pulse label of [14C]NaHCO3.
A Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches to the Equine Femoropatellar Joint for the Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans

The femoropatellar joints of four mature, clinically normal horses were surgically entered by a craniolateral or a lateral approach. Visualization of intra-articular structures was documented for each approach. Horses were euthanized 21, 42, and 63 days after surgery. Joint healing was evaluated clinically, and the joints were subjected to gross pathological and histopathological examination. Healing was by first intention following arthrotomy in six limbs. Skin dehiscence occurred in two limbs with healing by second intention. Subcutaneous seromas developed which resulted in peri-incisional swelling in seven limbs. The lateral approach to the femoropatellar joint provided greater exposure of the lateral femoral trochlear ridge and articular surface of the patella. Surgery was performed on nine joints of seven clinical patients with osteochondritis dissecans. The craniolateral approach was used on four joints, and the lateral approach was used on five joints. Skin dehiscence occurred following four arthrotomies. Location of the lesion was concluded to be the main criterion for selection of the surgical approach.
Development and application of a new air pollution modeling system-part I: Gas-phase simulations

Abstract A new air pollution modeling system is discussed and applied. The system consists of GATOR, a gas, aerosol, transport, and radiation air quality model and MMTD, a mesoscale meteorological and tracer dispersion model. The gas-phase processes treated by GATOR include photochemistry, deposition, emissions, and gas-to-particle conversion. To solve stiff chemical rate equations, a sparse-matrix, vectorized Gear-type code (SMVGEAR) was used. The aerosol processes in GATOR include coagulation, aqueous chemistry, chemical equilibrium, condensational growth, dissolutional growth, evaporation, nucleation, emissions, deposition, and sedimentation. The transport processes include horizontal advection and diffusion and vertical convection and diffusion. Finally, the radiation algorithm calculates ultraviolet, visible, and infrared optical depths, mean intensities for photodissociation rates, and radiative heat fluxes for temperature calculations. The MMTD predicts winds, diffusion, temperature, pressure, humidity, soil moisture, and rainfall. These variables are fed to GATOR and radiative heating rates from GATOR are fed back to the MMTD. With the GATOR/MMTD system, gas-phase pollution was simulated for the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQ) days of 26–28 August 1987. Results were compared to surface measurements for many parameters. The model predicted normalized gross errors for ozone of 17.6% and 23.4% at 2:30 p.m. on the first and second days of simulation, respectively. Also, the normalized gross error during the first 12 h of simulation was 22%. Correct emissions and initial mixing ratios appear to be necessary for obtaining good results. Initial conditions outside the basin seem to affect results by the second and third days. Time-series plots, statistics, and a sensitivity test are discussed. Aerosol simulation results will be shown in a later work.
Impedance Characterization of Crevice Corrosion of an Aluminum 2024 Structure

Abstract The impedance behavior of aluminum 2024 (UNS A92024), bare and with a MIL-P-23377 epoxy primer/MIL-C-85285 polyurethane topcoat, in aqueous 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) was investigated in experiments that included a simulated crevice. Impedance spectra of the bare alloy were effectively modeled by the Randles circuit; the coated alloy required the addition of a pore resistance in series with, and a geometric coating capacitance in parallel with, the parallel RC circuit representing the metal/coating interface. A coated structure containing a corroding crevice was modeled by a simplified Randles circuit element, to represent the crevice, in parallel with the foregoing circuit. Experiments with a corroding system showed this set of circuit models to be self-consistent and to yield reasonable values for the parameters characterizing the model circuits. Using these models and parameter values, it was shown that, for the 2024/0.5 M NaCl system, a corroding crevice can be detected in the context of a ...
Apoglobin Stability Is the Major Factor Governing both Cell-free and in Vivo Expression of Holomyoglobin

Expression levels in animal muscle tissues and in Escherichia coli vary widely for naturally occurring mammalian myoglobins (Mb). To explore this variation, we developed an in vitro transcription and wheat germ extract-based translation assay to examine quantitatively the factors that govern expression of holoMb. We constructed a library of naturally occurring Mbs from two terrestrial and four deep-diving aquatic mammals and three distal histidine mutants designed to enhance apoglobin stability but decrease hemin affinity. A strong linear correlation is observed between cell-free expression levels of holo-metMb variants and their corresponding apoglobin stabilities, which were measured independently by guanidine HCl-induced unfolding titrations using purified proteins. In contrast, there is little dependence of expression on hemin affinity. Our results confirm quantitatively that deep diving mammals have highly stable Mbs that express to higher levels in animal myocytes, E. coli, and the wheat germ cell-free system than Mbs from terrestrial mammals. Our theoretical analyses show that the rate of aggregation of unfolded apoMb is very large, and as a result, the key factor for high level expression of holoMb, and presumably other heme proteins, is an ultra high fraction of folded, native apoglobin that is capable of rapidly binding hemin. This fraction is determined by the overall equilibrium folding constant and not hemin affinity. These results also demonstrate that the cell-free transcription/translation system can be used as a high throughput platform to screen for apoglobin stability without the need to generate large amounts of protein for in vitro unfolding measurements.
Tissue engineering of blood vessels in cardiovascular disease: moving towards clinical translation

Tissue engineering focuses on the construction of three-dimensional neotissues from their cellular components. Neotissue can be used to repair or replace tissues that are missing, damaged, or diseased. Despite its relative youth, the field has undergone significant growth. Vascular tissue engineering is at the forefront in the translation of this technology, as tissue engineered vascular grafts have already been successfully implanted in children with congenital heart disease. The purpose of this report is to review the advances in the understanding of tissue engineered vascular grafts as the technology moves to clinical translation.
Keeping Old Texts Alive

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: Keeping Old Texts Alive” for OE Vol. 44 Issue 05
Darpa's Push for Photovoltaics

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has initiated the Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (VHESC) program to address the critical need of the soldier for power in the field. A range of technological breakthroughs from fields outside the normal contributors to photovoltaic technology development have enabled the consideration of new design and manufacturing paradigms. An integrated team effort is now underway to develop 50% efficient solar cells over the next three to four years, culminating in the fabrication and delivery of 1000 prototype 0.5 W, 10 cm2 modules
A case of carcinoma of the rectum complicating pregnancy and a review of the literature

Abstract A case report is presented of carcinoma of the rectum complicating pregnancy in a patient of the most advanced age yet described (48 years) and of the most extensive grand multiparity (19). Prior to this report, 80 such cases have been previously described; this case makes a total of 81. In order to evaluate properly the handling of the case, one should always bear in mind the stage of the pregnancy. With this thought in mind and after being duly warned that each case must be individualized, we would suggest that: 1. 1. In the early stages of pregnancy, the cancerous condition should be treated regardless of the fetus. 2. 2. In the second trimester, if bowel obstruction does not occur and if the patient's general condition is good, a colostomy may be attempted, although this may not be necessary. 3. 3. In the third trimester, medical induction is recommended with delivery per vaginam and, if there are no contraindications, followed in two weeks by an abdominoperineal resection. 4. 4. At whatever stage of pregnancy, if bowel obstruction occurs, heroic measures must be undertaken in the treatment of the acute obstruction and the pregnancy be relegated to a secondary consideration. 5. 5. Cesarean section should be done only for obstetrical indications. 6. 6. Abdominoperineal resection is the operation of choice following the termination of the pregnancy. 7. 7. Removal of the uterus is to be performed only if it is involved in the cancerous lesion. In conclusion, one should be guided by the knowledge that approximately 50 per cent of carcinomas of the colon and the rectum are inoperable by the time of diagnosis. The physician must always bear in mind that the elderly obstetrical patient is a special candidate for neoplastic diseases, and that early diagnosis is imperative.
Cultural Landscapes in the Ancient Andes: Archaeologies of Place

Cultural Landscapes in the Ancient Andes: Archaeologies of Place. Jerry D. Moore. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005. 270 pp.
Monte Carlo Study of Three Data-Based Nonparametric Probability Density Estimators

Abstract Although the theoretical properties of modern nonparametric probability density estimators have been studied for 25 years, there remains the practical problem of how to specify the amount of bias or smoothing in a density estimate based on a random sample. In this paper we review and evaluate three recently developed data-based algorithms that completely specify a density estimate from a random sample. Using Monte Carlo techniques, we compare the statistical accuracy of these algorithms as measured by the integrated mean squared error. In addition, we examine the sensitivity of these algorithms to outliers and estimate computer time requirements. One conclusion we draw is that the statistical accuracy of these data-based algorithms seems comparable to levels predicted by theoretical models.
Environmental influences on male courtship and implications for female choice in a lekking HawaiianDrosophila

Abstract This study examined how variation in a critical environmental variable, protein content in the adult diet, influenced male mating signals, mating success and male ‘quality’ in a lekking Hawaiian Drosophila , D. grimshawi . Specifically, the effects of low- and high-protein-containing diets on male physical condition, courtship behaviour, copulation success and adult offspring production were investigated. Potential differences in attractiveness to females were investigated by recording times to mating. Males fed high-protein diets were in better physical condition, courted more vigorously, and mated more often and sooner than males fed low-protein diets. Matings involving males fed a high-protein diet resulted in more eclosing offspring than matings involving low-protein-fed males. Because females control when mating occurs in this species, these results indicate that females may have preferred males fed high-protein diets. The results are discussed in light of recent questions regarding female choice and the possible benefits that females of lekking species might gain by discriminating between males.
DEM Manipulation and 3-D Terrain Visualization: Techniques Used by the U.S. National Park Service

Manipulating digital elevation model (DEM) surfaces, like pliable modelling clay, enhances the appearance and legibility of 3-D topography on maps. The U.S. National Park Service (NPS) uses the familiar image-editing tools in Adobe Photoshop to manipulate raster DEM data. Exporting modified DEM data with the help of freeware and shareware utilities allows subsequent rendering of final 3-D scenes in Corel Bryce. Techniques to be discussed include topographic substitution – a method for reverse engineering present-day landscapes into the past or projecting them into the future; selective vertical exaggeration; resolution bumping – a technique developed specifically for improving the legibility of high-mountain landscapes; painting and filtering effects; and, borrowing from the traditional masters of landform depiction, creating 3-D scenes that emulate the panoramas of Heinrich Berann and the spherical over-the-horizon views of Richard Edes Harrison by warping the projection plane of DEMS. The unique challen...
Literature Reviews and Business-to-Business Marketing

(2000). Literature Reviews and Business-to-Business Marketing. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 53-72.
The Nature and Correlates of Sibling Influence in Two‐Parent African American Families

A growing body of research documents that siblings can influence one another in a variety of ways, producing both similarities and differences between brothers and sisters (e.g., Brody & Murry, 2001; Whiteman, McHale, & Crouter, 2007a). The goal of this paper was to explore the nature and correlates of two key influence processes—social learning and sibling differentiation—in a sample of African American sibling dyads. Understanding the processes that foster siblings’ similarities and differences is important for both researchers and practitioners as knowledge about such mechanisms can provide new targets for family-based intervention programs aimed at promoting positive or curbing negative sibling influences.
Roles for Hedgehog signaling in adult organ homeostasis and repair

The hedgehog (HH) pathway is well known for its mitogenic and morphogenic functions during development, and HH signaling continues in discrete populations of cells within many adult mammalian tissues. Growing evidence indicates that HH regulates diverse quiescent stem cell populations, but the exact roles that HH signaling plays in adult organ homeostasis and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we review recently identified functions of HH in modulating the behavior of tissue-specific adult stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis, regeneration and disease. We conclude that HH signaling is a key factor in the regulation of adult tissue homeostasis and repair, acting via multiple different routes to regulate distinct cellular outcomes, including maintenance of plasticity, in a context-dependent manner.
Molecular basis of decreased Kir4.1 function in SeSAME/EAST syndrome.

SeSAME/EAST syndrome is a channelopathy consisting of a hypokalemic, hypomagnesemic, metabolic alkalosis associated with seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, and developmental abnormalities. This disease links to autosomal recessive mutations in KCNJ10 , which encodes the Kir4.1 potassium channel, but the functional consequences of these mutations are not well understood. In Xenopus oocytes, all of the disease-associated mutant channels (R65P, R65P/R199X, G77R, C140R, T164I, and A167V/R297C) had decreased K + current (0 to 23% of wild-type levels). Immunofluorescence demonstrated decreased surface expression of G77R, C140R, and A167V expressed in HEK293 cells. When we coexpressed mutant and wild-type subunits to mimic the heterozygous state, R199X, C140R, and G77R currents decreased to 55, 40, and 20% of wild-type levels, respectively, suggesting that carriers of these mutations may present with an abnormal phenotype. Because Kir4.1 subunits can form heteromeric channels with Kir5.1, we coexpressed the aforementioned mutants with Kir5.1 and found that currents were reduced at least as much as observed when we expressed mutants alone. Reduction of pH i from approximately 7.4 to 6.8 significantly decreased currents of all mutants except R199X but did not affect wild-type channels. In conclusion, perturbed pH gating may underlie the loss of channel function for the disease-associated mutant Kir4.1 channels and may have important physiologic consequences.
Self-assembly of PZT actuators for micropumps with high process repeatability

In this paper, we report a novel capillary-driven self-assembly technique which proceeds in an air environment and demonstrate it by assembling square piezoelectric transducer (PZT) actuators for 28 diffuser valve micropumps on a 4-inch pyrex/silicon substrate: on the substrate, binding sites are wells of 24 mum in depth and the only hydrophilic areas; on the bonding face of the PZT actuator, the central hydrophilic area is a square identical in size to the binding site, and the rim is hydrophobic; acrylate-based adhesive liquid is dispensed across the substrate and wets only the binding sites; the hydrophilic areas on the introduced PZT actuators self-align with the binding sites to minimize interfacial energies by capillary forces from the adhesive droplets; the aligned PZT actuators are pressed to contact the gold coated substrate by their rims and the adhesive is polymerized by heating to 85 degC for half an hour, so permanent mechanical and electrical connections are established, respectively, at the center and rim of each PZT actuator. These pumps perform with high uniformity, which is indicated by a small standard deviation of their resonant frequencies to pump ethanol: the average resonant frequency is 6.99 kHz and the standard deviation is 0.1 kHz. Compared with the conventional bonding process with highly viscous silver epoxy, this assembly method has several major advantages: highly accurate placement with self-alignment, controllable adhesive thickness, tilt free bonding, low process temperature and high process repeatability
Veterans aging cohort study (VACS) meeting summary

Abstract The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) planning meeting was the first of a series of organizational meetings and VA-sponsored conference calls designed to build the scientific foundation and methodological infrastructure for a multisite, longitudinal study of HIV and chronic disease outcomes among aging veterans. More specifically, it served as a consensus conference to determine scientific priorities, develop hypotheses, and to assemble working groups and committees to outline the specific methodological approaches needed. Scientists, physicians from 20 VA clinical facilities in the United States, community members, and experts in the fields of immunology, cancer, sociology, aging, cognition, psychiatry and mental health, epidemiology, large database analysis, and health services research gathered for an intense, 2-day meeting held in Pittsburgh, PA, November 8–9, 2000.
Regulation of IGF Activity in Bone

Although the skeleton’s principal function is most often associated with the determination of size and shape of vertebrates, it also serves as a reservoir of calcium (and phosphate), from which the body maintains this important divalent cation within a critical range required for membrane polarization, muscle function, and other key physiological processes. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the most important hormone for the minute to minute regulation of blood calcium levels, regulates the catabolic process of bone resorption. Interestingly, although osteoclasts are the cells responsible for dissolving bone collagen matrix and calcium release, receptors for PTH in bone reside chiefly on osteoblasts, the anabolically active bone cell that produces collagen and the other matrix associated macromolecules that constitute the organic scaffolding of bone and upon which mineral deposition occurs. In order to maintain a structurally intact skeleton, the amount of bone lost through resorption must be matched by an equal amount of bone produced by formation. For more than a decade this concept has been referred to as coupling, and one or more growth factors have been hypothesized to function in this capacity as coupling factors in bone remodelling1.
Towards General-Purpose Neural Network Computing

Machine learning is becoming pervasive, decades of research in neural network computation is now being leveraged to learn patterns in data and perform computations that are difficult to express using standard programming approaches. Recent work has demonstrated that custom hardware accelerators for neural network processing can outperform software implementations in both performance and power consumption. However, there is neither an agreed-upon interface to neural network accelerators nor a consensus on neural network hardware implementations. We present a generic set of software/hardware extensions, X-FILES, that allow for the general-purpose integration of feedforward and feedback neural network computation in applications. The interface is independent of the network type, configuration, and implementation. Using these proposed extensions, we demonstrate and evaluate an example dynamically allocated, multi-context neural network accelerator architecture, DANA. We show that the combination of X-FILES and our hardware prototype, DANA, enables generic support and increased throughput for neural-network-based computation in multi-threaded scenarios.
MUSCLE SPINDLES PREDICT THE FUTURE

![Figure][1] When I'm typing, sometimes I hit in between two keys, or I hit the wrong key entirely, and before I know it, I'm already reaching for the delete key. I'm sure you do it too. Hidden in this ordinary action is a rather impressive trick of the nervous system. When I hit between two
Age-related alteration in human heart collagen.

SummaryA technique for the purification of insoluble human myocardial collagen is described. The digestion rate of old collagen with collagenase is much less than that of mature collagen. These findings are similar to those in human tendon collagen. It is suggested that progressive stabilization of collagen with age may be a generalized phenomenon, and responsible, in part, for the decline of myocardial function with age.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Lester Adelson and Dr. Charles S. Hirsch of the Cuyahoga County Coroner's Office for providing the heart tissue.
COMPARISON OF NEOATHEROSCLEROSIS PATTERN BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY

The characteristics of neoatherosclerosis (NA) in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been investigated. From a total of 397 patients who underwent follow-up optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging after drug-eluting stents (DESs) implantation, we identified 123 DESs with
Composition of the Milk of the Monkey (M. mulatto)

Summary1. Monkey's milk tends toward that of the human in composition and differs from cow's milk in having a lower percentage of protein and ash and a higher percentage of milk sugar. 2. A modification of cow's milk for infant monkey (M. mulatta) feeding is described.
Abstract 3277: Increased mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4) induces metastasis in an orthotopic murine model of prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4) is a dual-specificity kinase that has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Increased MEK4 expression is observed in invasive cancer lesions in human prostate tissue. We have demonstrated the clinical importance of this in vitro, as MEK4 increases human PCa invasion. This phenotype is driven by increased protease production, and not via changes in cell migration. However, it is not known whether MEK4 regulates human PCa metastasis. This is of high importance as MEK4 has shown differential effects in various cancer models in a cell type specific fashion, and may therefore represent an important human PCa specific target. To emulate the situation of sustained altered MEK4 expression in humans, we engineered MEK4 clonal variant cell lines, generating multiple clones each for vector control (VC), increased wild type (WT), and increased constitutively-active mutant MEK4 (CA). Using a murine orthotopic implantation model designed to characterize in vivo behavior, we implanted 75 mice with these clones and demonstrated that both WT and CA MEK4 increase human PCa metastasis to the lung, a clinically relevant site in humans. In the primary tumor, interestingly, WT tumors were not increased compared to VC, while CA tumors were. Additionally, increased MMP-2 and MMP-10 were observed in both WT and CA tumors. However, MMP-9 was increased in WT tumors only, and MMP-13 in CA tumors only. Currently, we are expanding our efforts at characterizing additional molecular changes in primary tumor between these groups. Outside of the primary tumor, we isolated circulating tumor cells in the blood and bone marrow. We are currently characterizing their relevant cellular and molecular parameters. Using a clinically relevant murine model we have shown that increased MEK4 increases human PCa metastasis to the lung and protease production within the primary tumor. Further, a constitutively active phenotype drives tumor growth and circulating tumor cell formation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3277. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3277
Cognitive behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD in adulthood is one of the most highly prevalent psychiatric conditions, affecting 3–4 % of adults in the USA. Adults with ADHD have been found to have impairment broadly in academic, behavioral, and social domains. Although stimulants and other medications have been shown to reduce core neurobiological symptoms for many adults with this disorder, many adults with ADHD continue to experience significant residual symptoms while on medications or cannot tolerate the medications due to side effects. Even those who do respond to medications typically have significant continued symptoms. As a result, many adults with ADHD may require psychosocial treatment. Traditionally there have been relatively few resources available to clinicians. In the last decade, however, several treatment approaches have received empirical support. The present chapter provides an overview of the diagnostic features and clinical presentations of adults with ADHD, an overview of the cognitive behavioral therapy developed through a series of research studies at Massachusetts General Hospital, and a case example illustrating the use of the techniques described.
The Boom of Fengtian Luozi——the Subject Studies About the History of Northeastern Drama(five)

This is the first article about Fengtian Luozi recently.It start with the formation of PING Drama,Its coming in Northeast,the boom of Fengtian Luozi.The arguments of this essay are as follows:The Period Drama appeared between 1895 to 1901 is the sign of the PING Drama's formation,as a result,we can conclude PLNG Drama has come into Northeast after 1902.Between 1919 to 1931,there are many therter in Northeast,the centre of Ping Drama has come in to Northeast.Many actrees played in the PING Drama,that made PING Drama developed very fast.However,the intereason is the basic reason of Fengtian Luozi's boom.
Prostaglandin Production by Rhesus Monkey Corpora Lutea in Vitro: Effects of Estrogen Administration

Luteolysis was induced in normal cycling rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta) by daily administration of estradiol cypionate (50 microgram/kg from day 1 to 7 postovulatory (controls received vehicle). Luteectomy was performed after treatment, using microsurgical techniques and minimal manipulation. Serum progesterone concentrations did not demonstrate characteristic luteal rise in estrogen-treated animals as compared to controls. Estrogen treatment increased prostaglandin F2alpha/E ratio produced in vitro by the corpora lutea twofold compared to controls. These results support our previous observations that luteolysis in the rhesus monkey is associated with increased production of prostaglandin F2alpha and decreased production of prostaglandin E by the corpus luteum.
Stories: Whig, Radical and Tory Westminster, 1780–1890

At midday, 10 July 1865 three candidates were nominated to stand for the parliamentary borough of Westminster. The hustings in front of St. Paul’s, Covent Garden was surrounded by an animated crowd estimated at 3000. The high bailiff of Westminster, the borough’s returning officer introduced the candidates. Captain Robert Grosvenor had deep roots in Whig Society, London’s West End and the House of Commons: his father, grandfather, an uncle and a cousin were all MPs, and Grosvenor was the nephew of the marquess of Westminster, a substantial landlord in Belgravia and Pimlico. W. H. Smith, the Conservative aspirant, owned a large news agency located in the Strand. Finally there was John Stuart Mill, the philosopher and political theorist, who that evening addressed a densely-crowded meeting comprising men and women of several classes and varied ages, producing a ‘tempest of popular enthusiasm in the form of waving hats and handkerchiefs, of bodily commotion, and of acclamations’. A youthful Thomas Hardy, observing the crowd was not at all certain they understood his words: ‘it felt that they were weighty, though it did not quite know why’.1
Open Access Publishing and Scholarship

Column description. The Internet Resources column is designed to be a clearinghouse for free, online websites or apps; each column focuses on a theme relevant to current issues and trends in academ...
Modeling Evolving Discontinuities with Spacetime Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

We review recent progress in applying spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) finite element methods to problems whose solutions exhibit various types of moving discontinuities. SDG models and related solution methods offer a number of attractive features, including element-wise satisfaction of the governing balance laws, linear computational complexity in the number of spacetime elements, and a computational structure that readily supports parallel implementations. We describe the use of new unstructured spacetime meshing procedures ind discretizing evolving discontinuities. Specifically, we show how h-adaptive spacetime meshing can be used to capture weak shocks in linear elastodynamics, how the SDG framework provides a convenient setting for implementing cohesive models for dynamic fracture, and how more advanced spacetime meshing procedures can deliver sharp representations of discontinuous solution features by tracking the trajectories of contact discontinuities in compressible gas dynamics.
4.09 – Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Premenstrual mood changes have been described since the time of Hippocrates. RT Frank specifically identified physical, psychological, and behavioral changes corresponding to monthly changes in reproductive hormones in 1931 (Frank, 1931). Public awareness of changes in mood with phases of the menstrual cycle has increased markedly in recent years. Typically, premenstrual syndrome has been defined by symptoms, including irritability, tension, fatigue, dysphoria, distractibility, impaired motor coordination, changes in eating and sleeping, and libido, which occur in the late luteal phase and remit after the beginning of menstruation. Current nosology categorizes these symptoms under the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
A randomized crossover trial to test the effects of positive psychology intervention delivered by text messaging

Positive psychology (PP) interventions delivered through technology have shown encouraging results. In a crossover design, we randomized 60 participants recruited from the community to two weeks of...
(Re)conceptualizing Love: Moving Towards a Critical Theory of Love in Education for Social Justice

Through reflection on critical incident involving a social justice educator, this reflexive essay examines the role of love and its implications on social justice education, pedagogy, and praxis. Within the U.S. context, there is a considerable misunderstanding of what love is. Normative discourse on love within in our society is almost exclusively relegated to romance and familial relations. However, through personal reflection and a review of interdisciplinary literature, I argue that normative discourses on love are not innocuous, but instead hegemonic and serve as an ideology to perpetuate individualism and white supremacy. Drawing upon critical theorists, including Black and Chicana feminist, I suggest that love must: 1) Be reconceptualized in order to meet the demands of justice, 2) Based in Black and Brown lived experiences, 3) Be embodied for social justice 4) Tend to the whole person, and 5) Be measured by how effective our pedagogy and practice stymy alienation and heal. Lastly, I offer my personal reflection guide that assisted my move toward a critical theory of love.
Unique clustering of uveal melanoma in young females.

e20054 Background: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, median age at diagnosis of 60 years. Despite a growing understanding of the molecular characteristics of uv...
Removal of surface artifacts of material volume data with defects

The three-dimensional defect distribution in material test specimens is a very important piece of information for us to understand the deformation and failure mechanism of materials. This distribution is sometimes complicated by the surface roughness of specimens in the defect detection of computed tomography data. In this paper, we proposed a new local differentiation algorithm to remove the surface artifacts caused by surface roughness in the defect detection of material specimens from computed tomography (CT) volume data. The accuracy of our method is compared with a traditional scan-line algorithm in terms of defect volume fraction measured in an independent scanning electron microscope (SEM) test. The experimental result indicates that our method is significantly better than the existing scan-line approach for predicting the defect volume fraction.
How Do We Recognise Deleuze and Simondon Are Spinozists

While typically unapologetic in expressing admiration, notably Gilles Deleuze admits his concern one time, in passing, that Gilbert Simondon's thought might hide a pernicious kind of ‘disguised moralism’, in which the form of the transcendent (‘God’, ‘Man’, ‘Ideas’) lurks, the enemy of the philosophy of immanence. Might there in fact be an ulterior motive in Deleuze's concern? But might this potential critique invite its own reversal? That is, might Deleuze's accusation be in fact a strategy for teasing out what, perhaps, is unrecognisable as such, but structurally essential for how Simondon constructs his onto-epistemological goals? Moreover, might this Simondonian response, unmasked, not only deflect but anticipate a ‘critique’ like Deleuze's? Extending this question further reveals I believe the implications for Simondon's ‘ethics without morality’, bringing him closer to Deleuze's interpretation of Spinoza. As a result, Deleuze's ‘critique’ invites the question: ‘What exactly is Spinozan in Simondon's...
Characteristics of matrix of the invasive freshwater Ectoprocta species Pectinatella magnifica

Pectinatella magnifica (Leidy, 1851) (phylum Ectoprocta) is an invasive species that is spread in many areas of the world. Its significant attribute is the production of large colonies formed by a specific gelatinous matrix which is usually occupied by microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and cyanobacteria. This work compares the matrix characteristics of P. magnifica from five (in more details from two) locations according to the established criteria: A+B — thin layer (film) or translucent matrix (no contamination with algae and/or bacteria), C — slightly contaminated (discoloration) base, D -compact matrix, internal contamination (green, red, blue), E+F — disintegrating matrix, with a cavity, heavily contaminated (coloration), or without surface texture (inactive colony). Significant differences were identified both in the occurrence of described matrix types, and in the size and shape of P. magnifica colonies in each location.
Uncertainty evaluation in normalization of isotope delta measurement results against international reference materials

Isotope delta measurements are normalized against international reference standards. Although multi-point normalization is becoming a standard practice, the existing uncertainty evaluation practices are either undocumented or are incomplete. For multi-point normalization, we present errors-in-variables regression models for explicit accounting of the measurement uncertainty of the international standards along with the uncertainty that is attributed to their assigned values. This manuscript presents framework to account for the uncertainty that arises due to a small number of replicate measurements and discusses multi-laboratory data reduction while accounting for inevitable correlations between the laboratories due to the use of identical reference materials for calibration. Both frequentist and Bayesian methods of uncertainty analysis are discussed.
Delays in Global Disease Outbreak Responses: Lessons from H1N1, Ebola, and Zika

In global disease outbreaks, there are significant time delays between the source of an outbreak and collective action. Some delay is necessary, but recent delays have been extended by insufficient surveillance capacity and time-consuming efforts to mobilize action.Three public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs)—H1N1, Ebola, and Zika—allow us to identify and compare sources of delays and consider seven hypotheses about what influences the length of delays. These hypotheses can then motivate further research that empirically tests them. The three PHEICs suggest that deferred global mobilization is a greater source of delay than is poor surveillance capacity. These case study outbreaks support hypotheses that we see quicker responses for novel diseases when outbreaks do not coincide with holidays and when US citizens are infected. They do not support hypotheses that we see quicker responses for more severe outbreaks or those that threaten larger numbers of people.Better understanding the r...
Biological simulations at all scales: From cardiovascular hemodynamics to protein molecular mechanics

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a wide range of examples that show the extensive role of computational simulation in the development of biological sciences. Computational simulations provide a powerful tool for understanding the complex biological systems at all scales. The increasing need for quantitative understanding of complex biological systems, in parallel with rapid developments in modern computers, has made computational simulations an integral part of biological research. Biological phenomena typically encompass a range of time and length scales, whose intrinsically complex interactions are critical to system function. With the development of new techniques, it will become increasingly feasible to couple the multiscale simulations of biological phenomena over a range of time and length scales. This represents both a challenge and an opportunity to understand a disease or biological process in its entirety.