cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital topography of volcanoes from radar interferometry: an example from Mt Vesuvius, Italy

A new airborne radar technique can generate digital topographic data for volcanoes at a scale of 10 m spatial and 1–5 m vertical, with a swath width of ∼6.4 km. Called TOPSAR, the intrument is an interferometric radar flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. TOPSAR data permit the quantification of volcano slopes, volumes, and heights, and as such will be valuable for the analysis of lava flows, domes, and lahar channels. This instrument will be flown over several volcanoes in the near future, providing volcanologists with valuable data sets for the analysis of high-resolution topography. We briefly illustrate the potential use of TOPSAR data through examples from Mt Somma and Vesuvius, Italy.
A Simple and Effective Pipe Elbow Element—Interaction Effects

Our elbow element presented in an earlier communication is enhanced to account for interaction effects between elbows and rigid flanges, elbows of different cur­ vatures, and elbows joining straight pipe sections. The interaction effects are modeled by including the appropriate additional strain terms in the stiffness matrix formulation and by using a penalty procedure to enforce the continuity of the derivatives in the pipe skin radial displacements. The enhancement in the formulation has been implemented and the results of various sample analyses are presented.
SU-D-BRA-02: Penumbra Measurement for a Flattening-Filter-Free Artiste Linear Accelerator

Purpose: The primary benefit of removing the flattening filter of a linear accelerator is to increase the dose rate by a factor of 3 to 6. Additionally, change in scatter conditions in the head of the accelerator may also decrease the penumbra, which could lead to better target conformality. The purpose of this work is to evaluate this effect on a Siemens Artiste linear accelerator. Methods: Profiles of 10 ×10 cm2 flat and flattening‐filter‐free (FFF) fields were measured in water using a scanning diode with 0.3 mm steps. The penumbra created by both the 160‐leaf multileaf collimator(MLC) and the backup jaw (Y‐jaw) was measured. The profile of the FFF beam was renormalized so that for both flat and FFF beams, the penumbra was defined as the distance between the points with 20% and 80% of the central flat beam dose. The penumbra was measured every 5 cm along the major axes and around the central axis at four depths from 1.5 to 20 cm. Results: The average penumbra defined by the MLC and Y‐jaw was 4.9 mm and 5.9 mm, respectively for the flat beam, and 4.9 mm and 5.2 mm for the FFF beam. The flat beam penumbra increased with depth from 4.6 to 9.2 mm and 5.5 to 10.1 mm for the MLC and Y‐jaw respectively. The corresponding increase for the FFF beam penumbra was 4.6 to 9.2 mm and 4.6 to 8.8 mm. The average paired difference was <0.1 mm for the MLC and 0.8 mm for the Y‐jaw. Conclusion: The MLC penumbra was not affected by removing the flattening filter, while the decreased scattering in the FFF beam reduced the Y‐jaw penumbra by 0.8 mm. Removing the flattening filter does not clinically significantly improve the way the MLC can conform to the target. This research was partially supported by Siemens Medical Solutions.
Carbon dioxide prevents pulmonary overcirculation in hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Circulatory and metabolic homeostasis in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is dependent on a delicate balance between systemic and pulmonary blood flow. Hypocarbia can result in a marked decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance accompanied by pulmonary overcirculation, systemic hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and death. This report illustrates that early and precise control of the arterial carbon dioxide tension using inspired carbon dioxide can be effective in preventing or treating instability arising during management of a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Tissue distribution of succinylacetone in the rat in vivo: a possible basis for neurotoxicity in hereditary infantile tyrosinemia

Abstract Neurologic dysfunction is a significant component of hereditary infantile tyrosinemia, an autosomal recessive disorder of man The specific enzyme defect leads to endogenous production of the biochemical marker compound, succinylacetone (SA). Earlier study of the role which SA plays in generation of the renal Fanconi syndrome, also associated with this disorder, led to speculation that SA might also have neurotoxic effects. Thus, we have studied the distribution and impact on heme metabolism of SA in brain, liver and kidney from rats treated in vivo. Our results show far greater retention of SA in brain and kidney than in liver, by a ratio of approx. 3:1. Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) was reduced to less than 10% of control activity in all three tissues after three daily injections; after a 7-day recovery, activity was regained at different rates in the three tissues. Total heme content of each tissue showed a steady decline beyond the treatment period the most marked reduction being found in kidney. Porphyrin intermediates, heme oxygenase activity and cytochrome P-450 content evidenced varying responses to SA exposure which differed from tissue to tissue. Our results show that brain tissue sequesters SA and that heme biosynthesis in brain, as distinct from liver and kidney, is adversely affected. Such effects could result in impaired oxidative metabolism in brain, producing the CNS manifestations of tyrosinemia.
Highly sensitive on-line radioassay of high-performance liquid chromatographic effluents

Abstract We previously described a procedure for highly sensitive radiochromatography that is based on depositing fractions of the high-performance liquid chromatographic effluent on non-wetting film, concentrating them, transferring them to filter paper, generating autoradiographs of the paper on photographic film, and quantifying by densitometry. The work reported here included design of: a modified procedure for assaying non-polar compounds in which the transfer solvent was changed and silica gel thin-layer chromatography plates were substituted for the filter paper; a method for detecting tritium by adding scintillator to the filter paper before autoradiography and for distinguishing 14 C and 3 H by comparing autoradiographs with and without added scintillator. Then, to decrease the time for assaying the fractions, we tested two different kinds of gas radiation detectors, using the equivalent of an array of detectors working simultaneously. Since these detectors permitted a number offractions to be assayed at the same time, the time each was assayed could be extended and/or the same number of fractions could be assayed more rapidly. Following the successful application of these detector arrays, we designed a system concept for using an array of detectors for increasing the sensitivity of on-line, flow-through detection. Fractions of the effluent are passed through a series of detectors sequentially. The counting rates of each counter for each time interval are recorded. The results are summed electronically to reflect the position of each sample in the array. The same resolution is achieved as in flow-through detection, with comparable convenience but much enhanced sensitivity, since each fraction is assayed for a much longer time.
Photoionization of atomic chlorine

The experimental ion-yield curve for photoionization of atomic chlorine from the ionization threshold (\ensuremath{\sim} 956.1 \AA{}) to 750 \AA{} is reported. Three autoionizing series converging to the $^{1}D_{2}$ ionic state and two series converging to the $^{1}S_{0}$ state are observed. The results are compared to existing many-body calculations.
Epitaxial growth of Cu2O and ZnO/Cu2O thin films on MgO by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We report the epitaxial growth of Cu_2O (0 0 1) and m-plane (1 0 1¯ 0) ZnO/Cu_2O thin films on both bulk MgO (0 0 1) and biaxially textured thin films of MgO (0 0 1) via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Cube on cube epitaxial growth of Cu_2O thin films on both bulk MgO (0 0 1) and biaxially textured thin films of MgO (0 0 1) was observed and confirmed via X-ray diffraction and reflection high energy electron diffraction measurements. In addition, epitaxial m-plane ZnO growth via plasma-assisted MBE was conducted on both MgO substrates and Cu_2O/MgO substrates. The ability to grow oriented, high-quality n-ZnO/p-Cu_2O heterostructures enables improved thin film morphology and may have important implications for optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Sensitivity of Orographic Precipitation to Changing Ambient Conditions and Terrain Geometries: An Idealized Modeling Perspective

Abstract This paper utilizes the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) mesoscale model (MM5) in a two-dimensional (2D) configuration at 4-km horizontal grid spacing in order to better understand the relationship between orographic precipitation and the height and width of a barrier, as well as the ambient flow, uniform moist static stability, and freezing level. The focus is on how these parameters affect the orographic precipitation by changing the circulation and microphysical structures over the barrier. As the low-level flow becomes blocked for moist nondimensional mountain heights greater than 3.0, there is a rapid upstream shift in the precipitation maximum and a reduction in precipitation over the upper windward slope. For the terrain geometries used in this study (500 to 3500 m high and 25- to 50-km half-width), the maximum precipitation is a strong function of barrier slope for relatively weak upstream flow (U = 10 m s−1). For moderate ...
Certain cardiovascular indices predict syncope in the postural tachycardia syndrome

Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) represent a patient population with orthostatic intolerance; some are prone to syncope, others are not. The underlying neurocardiovascular mechanisms are not completely understood. The current study was undertaken to assess if certain cardiovascular indices are predictive of syncope in POTS. We compared the response to tilt-up and the Valsalva maneuver in four groups: POTS patients who fainted (POTS-f; n = 11;31 +/- 11 years): POTS patients who did not faint (POTS-nf; n = 9; 29 +/- 9 years); normal controls (NLS; n = 13; 39 +/- 11 years); patients with generalized autonomic failure with orthostatic hypotension and syncope (n = 10; 59 +/- 14 years). Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were monitored using Finapres. Cardiac output, stroke volume (SV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV), and calculated total peripheral resistance (TPR) were recorded using thoracic electrical bioimpedance. An autonomic reflex screen which quantitates the distribution and severity of autonomic failure was also done. With the patient supine, all POTS patients (POTS-nf; POTS-f) had increased HR (p < 0.001) and reduced SV/EDV (p < 0.001) when compared with NLS. On tilt-up, POTS-f patients were significantly different from both NLS and POTS-nf patients; the most consistent alteration was a fall instead of an increase in TPR; other changes were a greater reduction in PP, a reduction (instead of an increment) in DAP, and a different pattern of changes during the Valsalva maneuver (excessive early phase II, attenuated or absent late phase II). Our results suggest alpha-adrenergic impairment with increased pooling or hypovolemia in POTS-f patients. We conclude that it is possible to identify the mechanism of syncope in POTS patients, and perhaps other patients with orthostatic intolerance and an excessive liability to syncope.
Inositol phospholipid levels of rat forebrain obtained by freeze-blowing method

Abstract Four different techniques of handling rat brain prior to lipid extraction and assay were tested to investigate the levels of inositol phospholipids in the brain. In these four techniques, the rat forebrains were either 1. (1) freeze-blown followed by being preserved in liquid N2, 2. (2) subjected to microwave irradiation prior to decapitation, 3. (3) removed and frozen in liquid N2, or 4. (4) removed at room temperature and subjected to lipid extraction as rapidly as possible. There was little change in phosphatidylinositol levels under any of these conditions; however, higher levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate were observed in freeze-blown and microwave-irradiated samples compared to the other samples. Even more striking differences were seen in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate fractions. The highest level of this lipid, 763 ± 39 nmol/g tissue, which was obtained from freeze-blown samples, was more than 2-fold higher than that of the lowest values which were obtained by extraction without prior inactivation. These results indicate that the values of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in brain in situ are higher than those generally reported, and that the freeze-blowing method has an advantage for further investigation of inositol phospholipid metabolism in brain due to the rapid breakdown of these compounds.
Comparison between reflective LCDs with diffusive micro slant reflector (DMSR) and bump reflector

A reflective TFT-LCD with an internal asymmetric diffusive micro slant reflector (DMSR) is developed to enhance the light efficiency. The DMSR structure is optimized to obtain a desired light distribution cone with asymmetric characteristics. In this paper, we will compare the optical properties of a reflective TFT-LCD panel with a DMSR structure and those of a reflective LCD with symmetric bump structure reflector.
Studies on the mechanism of hormonal induction of the melanoblast-melanocyte transformation in organ culture☆

Abstract By the use of synchronized cultures, it was shown that the hormone-induced differentiation of goldfish melanoblasts to melanocytes becomes resistant to colchicine, actinomycin D and puromycin at approximately the same time, suggesting that protein synthesis after mitosis is not necessary for differentiation. It was also shown that addition of hormone shortly before differential mitosis gives full response, suggesting that the hormone may act primarily during mitosis.
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target for Oral Cancer

Oral cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for >90% of all oral malignancies.1 The 5-year survival rates for patients with OSCC range from 34% to 62.9%, and those rates have not changed for decades.2 This underscores the need for new therapeutic targets to treat oral cancer. Recently, it was reported that several members of the sirtuin family (SIRT1-7), the human homologues of the Sir2 gene in yeast, play an important role in carcinogenesis.3 Sirtuins function either as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylases or as ADP-ribosyl transferases, which explains their involvement in a diversity of cellular functions, including regulation of oxidative stress, increasing genomic stability, cell survival, development, metabolism, aging, and longevity.4, 5 SIRT1, the best characterized family member, targets several key regulators that affect carcinogenesis, such as the tumor suppressor p53, the DNA repair protein Ku70, and the proapoptotic protein forkhead box O (FOXO) protein.3, 6 Current literature supports a prosurvival role for SIRT1 in colon, breast, and lung cancers through 1 or more of these previously mentioned targets.3 In contrast, other reports indicate that SIRT1 may act as a tumor suppressor.7, 8 Although much is known about SIRT1, less is known about other mammalian Sir2 homologues, such as SIRT3. SIRT3, which is the only member linked to longevity in humans,9-11 is a mitochondrial protein12-18 that is overexpressed in and associated with lymph node-positive breast cancer.19 Moreover, during stress, SIRT3 levels increase, protecting cells from apoptosis. Thus, like SIRT1, SIRT3 may bind and deacetylate Ku70, promoting Ku70-Bax interactions and attenuating apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.20 In addition, mitochondrial SIRT3 is required for Nampt, a stress and diet-responsive regulator of mitochondrial NAD+ levels, to promote cell survival during genotoxicity.21 More recently, it was reported that SIRT3 abrogates p53 activity, thus preventing growth arrest and senescence in bladder carcinoma cells.22 These findings suggest a role for SIRT3 in carcinogenesis; however, to our knowledge, the role of sirtuins has not been investigated in oral cancer. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to elucidate the role of sirtuins in oral cancer.
A prototype underwater acoustic sensor network platform with topology-aware MAC scheme

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) can be used in ocean exploration and lake pollution monitoring. They use acoustic media to achieve sensor communications. UWSNs are essentially different from terrestrial RF-based sensor networks due to its highly variable, long propagation delay and mobility nature. In this paper, we first describe our experimental design of low-cost underwater sensor nodes for deployment in a shallow underwater environment. Then, we propose two UWSN Medium Access Control (MAC) enhancements that can adapt to long acoustic delay: (1) topology-ware scheduling scheme to save more energy and (2) a coordination protocol among neighbours to reduce the frame queuing delay during MAC operations. Our experimental results show the energy efficiency of our UWSN MAC protocol.
Modeling Alzheimer's disease in mouse without mutant protein overexpression: cooperative and independent effects of Aβ and tau.

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, has two pathological hallmarks: Aβ plaques and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Aβ is a cleavage product of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, which cleaves APP and mediates Aβ production. Genetic mutations in APP, PSEN1 or PSEN2 can lead to early onset of familial AD (FAD). Although mutations in the tau encoding gene MAPT leads to a subtype of frontotemporal dementia and these mutations have been used to model AD tauopathy, no MAPT mutations have been found to be associated with AD. Results To model AD pathophysiology in mice without the gross overexpression of mutant transgenes, we created a humanized AD mouse model by crossing the APP and PSEN1 FAD knock-in mice with the htau mice which express wildtype human MAPT genomic DNA on mouse MAPT null background (APP/PS1/htau). The APP/PS1/htau mice displayed mild, age-dependent, Aβ plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, thus successfully recapitulating the late-onset AD pathological hallmarks. Selected biochemical analyses, including p-tau western blot, γ-secretase activity assay, and Aβ ELISA, were performed to study the interaction between Aβ and p-tau. Subsequent behavioral studies revealed that the APP/PS1/htau mice showed reduced mobility in old ages and exaggerated fear response. Genetic analysis suggested that the fear phenotype is due to a synergic interaction between Aβ and p-tau, and it can be completely abolished by tau deletion. Conclusion The APP/PS1/htau model represents a valuable and disease-relevant late-onset pre-clinical AD animal model because it incorporates human AD genetics without mutant protein overexpression. Analysis of the mice revealed both cooperative and independent effects of Aβ and p-tau.
Imaging activity in integrated circuits

The need to detect and localize activity exists in a variety of fields and has broad applications ranging from brain activity for neuroscience to image/video change detection for scene surveillance. In this paper, we introduce a method for localizing activity in integrated circuits (IC) using a laser scanning microscope. Specifically, we develop an activity measure using the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) framework to detect if an electronic waveform is present at a laser scan location while a test program is repeatedly run. By plotting the activity score against laser scan location, an activity image is developed showing the measured activity in different parts of the IC. We show that this technique allows detection of all active regions in an operating IC, while requiring a relatively low number of signal acquisitions.
The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by interleukin-4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: A possible role in regulation of fetal vascular tone

Objective: We sought to determine a possible role for interleukin-4 in the control of umbilical cord blood flow by evaluating its effect on cyclooxygenase-2 production of a vasoactive prostaglandin. Study Design: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture were incubated for 16 hours in media containing interleukin-4 in concentrations from 5 to 100 ng/ml. Prostaglandin E 2 concentrations in the culture media were measured using a monoclonal enzyme-immunoassay. Concentrations of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 were determined by Western blot analysis on cell homogenates. Statistical comparisons between prostaglandin E 2 , cyclooxygenase-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 concentrations for each interleukin-4 concentration were performed using a one way analysis of variance. Results: Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in media containing interleukin-4 resulted in a significant increase in both prostaglandin E 2 and cyclooxygenase-2 for interleukin-4 concentrations greater than 50 ng/ml ( p Conclusions: We suggest that interleukin-4 may have a role in the regulation of umbilical blood flow mediated through the induction of cyclooxygenase-2.
Root Structures of Infinite Gauge Groups and Supersymmetric Field Theories

We show the relationship between critical dimensions of supersymmetric fundamental theories and dimensions of certain Jordan algebras. In our approach position vectors in spacetime or in superspace are endowed with algebraic properties that are present only in those critical dimensions. A uniform construction of super Poincar? groups in these dimensions will be shown. Some applications of these algebraic methods to hidden symmetries present in the covariant and interacting string Lagrangians and to superparticle will be discussed. Algebraic methods we develop will be shown to generate the root structure of some infinite groups that play the role of gauge groups in a second quantized theory of strings.
Splicing of the large intron present in the nonstructural gene of minute virus of mice is governed by TIA-1/TIAR binding downstream of the nonconsensus donor.

The essential proteins NS1 and NS2 of minute virus of mice are encoded by mRNAs R1 and R2, respectively. R2 is derived from R1 by excision of a large intron and thus splicing governs the relative ratios of NS1 and NS2. Excision of the large intron utilizes a nonconsensus 5′ donor site. We identified a U-rich and A-rich intronic sequence immediately downstream of the nonconsensus 5′ donor site that functions as an intronic splicing enhancer (ISE) required for efficient large-intron excision. The ISE binds the cellular RNA-processing proteins TIA-1 and TIAR, which enhance usage of the nonconsensus donor.
Singular Perturbation Margin assessment of linear slowly time-varying systems

Singular Perturbation Margin (SPM) is a stability margin for Nonlinear (NL) systems established from the view of the singular perturbation (time-scale separation) parameter. This paper provides two SPM assessment methods: quantitative and qualitative methods for Linear Slowly Time-Varying (LSTV) systems. Quantitative method offers a more accurate estimated SPM than the qualitative method, while the latter is more insightful for the system analysis, and will be helpful for the SPM gauge design in the future. The effectiveness of the two methods is shown by a gain scheduling design example. The results in this paper could also be extended to nonlinear slowly time-varying systems by its linearization thereof.
Profiting from Religious Reform: The Land Rush of 1559

‘Supremacy and Uniformity’, wrote A. F. Pollard, ‘occupied less of the time of parliament [in 1559] … than did the scramble for episcopal lands …’ This fact, apparent to anyone who glances at the Journal of the House of Commons for 1559, has been ignored by historians who wrote before Pollard and by those who wrote after him. Concerned only with bills dealing with religion, scholars failed to recognize that proposals concerning the distribution of ecclesiastical lands dominated the session. During the two months before Easter private land bills monopolized the Commons' time for three weeks, ruining any timetable the government might have had and helping to persuade, if not forcing, the queen to continue the session after Easter.
The Demand for Urban Rail Transportation

Abstract Work-trip demand is studied for Philadelphia's prototypical Linden-wold High Speed Line. A novel variation of the logit function is found to provide overall the best explanation of observed demand patterns. Significant explanatory variables are discussed, with special attention devoted to price and time variables. Relevant econometric issues, including nonnested equation choice, are explored and results reported.
Mode Estimation for High Dimensional Discrete Tree Graphical Models

This paper studies the following problem: given samples from a high dimensional discrete distribution, we want to estimate the leading (δ, ρ)-modes of the underlying distributions. A point is defined to be a (δ, ρ)-mode if it is a local optimum of the density within a δ-neighborhood under metric ρ. As we increase the "scale" parameter δ, the neighborhood size increases and the total number of modes monotonically decreases. The sequence of the (δ, ρ)-modes reveal intrinsic topographical information of the underlying distributions. Though the mode finding problem is generally intractable in high dimensions, this paper unveils that, if the distribution can be approximated well by a tree graphical model, mode characterization is significantly easier. An efficient algorithm with provable theoretical guarantees is proposed and is applied to applications like data analysis and multiple predictions.
Approximation of Nash strategies

Near-equilibrium solutions of nonzero-sum differential games are defined. It is shown that truncated series solutions of linear quadratic games are near-equilibrium.
Endogenous and exogenous influences on the regulation of lateral root formation

According to Sutton and Tinus [1] who adopted the definition by Russell [2], a lateral root is a side root ‘that arises by cell division in the pericycle of the parent root. The resulting dome of tissue penetrates the cortex. When the lateral root emerges from the parent root, its apical meristem is comparable with that of the apex of the parent root.’
Relationship between Surface Accessibility for PpmA, PsaA, and PspA and Antibody-Mediated Immunity to Systemic Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae

Antibodies to capsular polysaccharide (PS) are protective against systemic infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the large number of pneumococcal serogroups and the age-related immunogenicity of pure PS limit the utility of PS-based vaccines. In contrast, cell wall-associated proteins from different capsular serotypes can be cross-reactive and immunogenic in all age groups. Therefore, we evaluated three pneumococcal proteins with respect to relative accessibility to antibody, in the context of intact pneumococci, and their ability to elicit protection against systemic infection by encapsulated S. pneumoniae. Sequences encoding pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), putative protease maturation protein A (PpmA), and the N-terminal region of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) from S. pneumoniae strain A66.1 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The presence of genes encoding PsaA, PpmA, and PspA in 11 clinical isolates was examined by PCR, and the expression of these proteins by each strain was examined by Western blotting with antisera raised to the respective recombinant proteins. We used flow cytometry to demonstrate that PspA was readily detectable on the surface of the pneumococcal strains analyzed, whereas PsaA and PpmA were not. Consistent with these observations, mice with passively or actively acquired antibodies to PspA or type 3 PS were equivalently protected from homologous systemic challenge with type 3 pneumococci, whereas mice with passively or actively acquired antibodies to PsaA or PpmA were not effectively protected. These experiments support the hypothesis that the extent of protection against systemic pneumococcal infection is influenced by target antigen accessibility to circulating host antibodies.
Holomorphic maps on with attracting hypersurfaces and pluricomplex Green functions for their repellers

The conditions under which a holomorphic endomorphism of a complex projective space has an attracting hypersurface are given. These are formulated in terms of estimates for plurisubharmonic exhaustions on the complement of the hypersurface, and estimates for pluricomplex Green functions of relatively compact sets. These conditions are applied to prove results about convergence of pluricomplex Green functions. †To the memory of Yue Lin Lawrence Tong.
Organoleptic Identification of Roasted Beef, Veal, Lamb and Pork as Affected by Fat

SUMMARY— A taste panel was used to study the identification of roasted beef, pork, lamb and veal by flavor alone and the effect of fat on identification. Only about one-third of the panel could identify correctly all four meats by memory of the flavors. There was an increase in the total number of correct identifications made by comparison of the unknown roasted meat samples with known standards but this was not significantly greater than the total correct responses by memory of the flavor alone. Beef and lamb, but not pork and veal, were identified significantly less often when lean ground roasts were tested than when normal ground roasts (containing fat) were used. Texture, color, mouth feel, and other factors may be important in the identification of meat. Beef, lamb and pork fat, as well as these fats after extraction with chloroform: methanol, were added to lean veal prior to roasting. Addition of beef fat did not increase recognition of veal as beef. Pork fat contained a factor increasing identification of veal as pork, but this factor was water-soluble and could be removed. Lamb fat contained a component, or a fat-soluble component, that significantly increased the identification of veal as lamb.
Time and temperature dependence of multi-walled carbon nanotube growth on Inconel 600.

The growth kinetics of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on conductive substrates is investigated by synthesizing MWNTs at different growth temperatures and measuring ex situ the length of the nanotubes as a function of growth duration. A typical 'root growth' mechanism (saturation of MWNT lengths with increasing growth duration) was observed. The value of the activation energy (Ea≈136 ± 5 kJ mol−1) of the MWNT growth reaction is suggestive of carbon diffusion through the bulk of the iron catalyst particle versus diffusion on its surface. These findings will help in optimizing MWNT growth on conductive substrates for various applications.
ERCBench: An Open-Source Benchmark Suite for Embedded and Reconfigurable Computing

Researchers in embedded and reconfigurable computing are often hindered by a lack of suitable benchmarks with which to accurately evaluate their work. Without a suitable benchmark suite, researchers use either outdated, unrealistic benchmarks or spend valuable time creating their own. In this paper, we present ERCBench—a freely-available, open-source benchmark suite geared towards embedded and reconfigurable computing research. ERCBench benchmarks represent a variety of application areas, including multimedia processing, wireless communications, and cryptography. They consist of synthesizable Verilog models for hardware accelerators and hybrid hardware/software applications that combine software-based control flow with hardware-based computation tasks.
Remembering first impressions: Effects of intentionality and diagnosticity on subsequent memory

People rely on first impressions every day as an important tool to interpret social behavior. While research is beginning to reveal the neural underpinnings of first impressions, particularly through understanding the role of dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), little is known about the way in which first impressions are encoded into memory. This is surprising because first impressions are relevant from a social perspective for future interactions, requiring that they be transferred to memory. The present study used a subsequent-memory paradigm to test the conditions under which the dmPFC is implicated in the encoding of first impressions. We found that intentionally forming impressions engages the dmPFC more than does incidentally forming impressions, and that this engagement supports the encoding of remembered impressions. In addition, we found that diagnostic information, which more readily lends itself to forming trait impressions, engages the dmPFC more than does neutral information. These results indicate that the neural system subserving memory for impressions is sensitive to consciously formed impressions. The results also suggest a distinction between a social memory system and other explicit memory systems governed by the medial temporal lobes.
Effect of labetalol on exercise tolerance and double product in mild to moderate essential hypertension

Abstract Maximal exercise capacity after control of resting blood pressure with labetalol was studied in nine hypertensive men aged 34 to 69 years (average 52 years). Subjects exercised to exhaustion on an upright cycle ergometer with workload increased as a step function by 25 watts every three minutes, both before and after control of blood pressure was obtained. Mean exercise capacity expressed as total time of exercise until exhaustion was 936 seconds prior to control of the resting blood pressure and 884 seconds (no significant difference) after control of resting blood pressure with labetalol. Double product at peak exercise fell from 254 × 10 2 mm Hg beats per minute prior to blood pressure control to 183 × 10 2 mm Hg beats per minute (p = 0.006) after control of blood pressure with labetalol. The difference in the means of resting heart rate and both peak blood pressure and peak heart rate with exercise were all statistically significant after control of blood pressure with labetalol. These findings suggest that labetalol has an ideal exercise profile affording a cardioprotective effect by decreasing double product but without sacrificing exercise capacity.
β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase-1 Levels in Catecholamine-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy Regulation by β- but not α1-Adrenergic Stimulation

Pressure overload ventricular hypertrophy is accompanied by dysfunctional beta-adrenergic receptor signaling due to increased levels of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1, which phosphorylates and desensitizes beta-adrenergic receptors. In this study, we examined whether increased beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 expression is associated with myocardial hypertrophy induced by adrenergic stimulation. With use of implanted mini-osmotic pumps, we treated mice with isoproterenol, phenylephrine, or vehicle to distinguish between alpha1- and beta-adrenergic stimulation. Both treatments resulted in cardiac hypertrophy, but only isoproterenol induced significant increases in beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 protein levels and activity. Similarly, in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes, 24 hours of isoproterenol stimulation resulted in a significant 2.8-fold increase in beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 protein levels, whereas 24 hours of phenylephrine treatment did not alter beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 expression. Our results indicate that increased beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 is not invariably associated with myocardial hypertrophy but apparently is controlled by the state of beta-adrenergic receptor activation.
Trends in childhood asthma: prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality.

Objectives. Our objective was to use national data to produce a comprehensive description of trends in childhood asthma prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality to assess changes in the disease burden among US children. Methods. Five data sources from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to describe trends in asthma for children aged 0 to 17 years from 1980 to the most recent year for which data were available. These included the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Mortality Component of the National Vital Statistics System. Results. Asthma prevalence increased by an average of 4.3% per year from 1980 to 1996, from 3.6% to 6.2%. The peak prevalence was 7.5% in 1995. In 1997, asthma attack prevalence was 5.4%, but changes in the NHIS design in 1997 preclude comparison to previous estimates. Asthma attack prevalence remained level from 1997 to 2000. After a decrease between 1980 and 1989, the asthma office visit rate increased by an average of 3.8% per year from 1989 to 1999. The asthma hospitalization rate grew by 1.4% per year from 1980 to 1999. Although childhood asthma deaths are rare, the asthma death rate increased by 3.4% per year from 1980 to 1998. Children aged 0 to 4 years had the largest increase in prevalence and had greater health care use, but adolescents had the highest mortality. The asthma burden was borne disproportionately by black children throughout the period. Racial disparities were largest for asthma hospitalizations and mortality: compared with white children, in 1998–1999, black children were >3 times as likely to be hospitalized and in 1997–1998 >4 times as likely to die from asthma. Conclusions. Recent data suggest that the burden from childhood asthma may have recently plateaued after several years of increasing, although additional years of data collection are necessary to confirm a change in trend. Racial and ethnic disparities remain large for asthma health care utilization and mortality.
Unified time-sequential sampling theory for spatio-temporal signals

Summary form only given. We consider the sampling of band-limited spatio-temporal signals subject to the time-sequential constraint that only one spatial sample can be taken at a given time. The question of interest is to design an efficient sampling strategy that will minimise the required sampling rate. Signals with a finite spatial support are considered.
MODIFICATION OF CALORIC INTAKE IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS

The effects of feedback, reinforcement, and increased food presentation on caloric intake were sequentially examined in an experimental single-case design with an anorexia nervosa patient. Although feedback on weight and a point-reinforcement system for weight gains led to increased consumption, augmenting the amount of food presented in combination with feedback and reinforcement resulted in the most dramatic change in caloric intake.
Scanners for Ferroelectric Memory Capacitors

Many references are available on the properties and characteristics of ferroelectric materials and their memory application.1-3 The purpose of this paper is to present several scanning systems by which binary information can be stored and recalled from ferroelectric capacitor configurations. The circuitry to be described here was originally designed for testing of ferroelectric elements and employs an ordered or nonrandom scanning pattern. Most of the circuitry presented is, however, adaptable to random access application.
Lectotypification of Didymaea mexicana Hook. f. (Rubiaceae, Rubieae) and the identity of D. alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standl.

The name Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standl. has been incorrectly applied to a common and wide-ranging Mexican and Central American species whose correct identity is Didymaea mexicana Hook. f. In this paper a lectotype is selected and designated for D. mexicana. The characters separating these two frequently confused species are discussed. Further systematic studies of the genus Didymaea are suggested.
Intraneural Granular Cell Tumor of a Cervical Dorsal Nerve Root: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively uncommon predominantly benign lesion that usually presents as a solitary, painless cutaneous or submucosal nodule. Most of these tumors are found in the tongue. Although GCT is believed to have a Schwann cell origin, reports of GCT in peripheral and spinal nerves are uncommon. Case Description We report the case of a 43-year-old man with neck pain and hand numbness who was found to have a heterogeneously enhancing left-sided C2 nerve sheath tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. He underwent C2 decompression and resection of the left-sided C2 nerve sheath tumor with subsequent C1-C2 arthrodesis and instrumentation. Histopathologic review showed GCT. Review of the literature yielded 4 other reported cases of GCT within the vicinity of a spinal nerve root. Only one of these explicitly showed spinal nerve root involvement. This is a rare case of a GCT presenting as cervical nerve root mass, and what we believe is the first reported case of this in the literature. Conclusions The surgeon should be aware of GCT when encountering spinal nerve root tumors because it may alter the surgical approach necessary for adequate resection compared with more commonly encountered nerve sheath tumors.
How Cancers Escape Immune Destruction and Mechanisms of Action for the New Significantly Active Immune Therapies: Helping Nonimmunologists Decipher Recent Advances

UNLABELLED With the Food and Drug Administration and other worldwide regulatory authorities' approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy), sipuleucel-T (Provenge), nivolumab (Opdivo), and pembrolizumab (Keytruda), oncologic therapy has now moved into noncancer cell targets within the immune system. For many nonimmunologists, understanding how these vastly different therapies work to improve survival, like no other therapies have in the past, is a challenge. The present report reviews the normal function of the immune system, how cancers escape the normal immune system, and how these new therapies improve immune system reactions against cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Oncologists have tremendous experience with therapies that target the cancer cells. New biologic agents have been rapidly introduced recently that target not cancer cells, but the patient's immune cells. The mechanisms of action of these immune-based biologic agents are within the host immune system. To understand these new biologic therapies, basic knowledge of normal and abnormal immune function is essential. The present report explains the up-to-date basic immune normal and abnormal function and prepares the oncologist to understand how the new drugs work, why they work, and why there are associated adverse events.
Judicial review of the EEOC's duty to conciliate

Fifty years after the enactment of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the federal courts remain unsettled on a variety of issues involving the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s pre-suit obligations. Courts currently disagree on: whether the EEOC’s conciliation efforts are subject to judicial review; what the standard of judicial review should be; what the remedy should be if a court finds the EEOC failed to fulfill its pre-suit obligations; and whether the EEOC may bring suit on behalf of unidentified individuals under Section 706. In EEOC v. Mach Mining, LLC, the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit was the first circuit court of appeals to hold that conciliation efforts are a matter of agency discretion and are not subject to judicial review. Other courts have reviewed the conciliation process and have required that the EEOC demonstrate at least good faith efforts to conciliate. On June 30, 2014, the Supreme Court granted Mach Mining’s petition for certiorari and a decision is expected in the upcoming term. The Court’s decision will resolve some of the differences between the circuits and may indicate how courts should resolve related issues. This article maintains that the Supreme Court should affirm the Seventh Circuit’s decision. Supreme Court precedent emphasizes that the EEOC’s efforts should be focused on resolving the merits of discrimination claims and supports the conclusion that judicial review should be denied because it results in delays and distractions from Title VII’s objectives. If the Court decides that judicial review of the conciliation process is required, the EEOC will face a new landscape that will disturb Title VII’s mandate that the conciliation process be informal, confidential, and a matter of agency discretion.
The Relationship Between Gender and Postgraduate Aspirations Among First- and Fourth-Year Students at Public Dental Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences and other predictors of postgraduate plans among U.S. dental students. A national sample of dental students was surveyed in their first and fourth years of dental school. Female first-year students were less likely than male students to express interest in specialization in endodontics and oral surgery. Fourth-year students who had a dental school mentor, a high GPA, and encouragement from significant others were more likely to apply for postgraduate training. Gender and first-year interest in dental specialization did not affect the likelihood of applying for postgraduate training in the fourth year. Female fourth-year students were more likely to predict that they would be an associate in a practice five years following graduation. The results suggest that mentoring and faculty encouragement are important influences on dental students' plans for postgraduate education.
Metal-ammonia reduction—XIV

Abstract Reductive alkylation of anthracene, 9, 10-dimethylanthracene, 1, 4-dimethylanthracene, benz( a )anthracene and dibenz( a , h )anthracene via treatment of the dilithio adducts in liquid ammonia with alkyl halides proceeds stereo selectively to furnish high yields of the corresponding cis -dialkyldihydro derviatives.
Overview of macroglossia and its treatment.

Purpose of reviewTo discuss current literature regarding the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of macroglossia in pediatric patients.Recent findingsGenetic reasons for macroglossia are being identified. Sleep endoscopy and imaging allow assessment of tongue base-induced obstructive sleep apnea. De
Linkage group I of Nannizzia incurvata.

Nannizzia incurvata Stockd., an ascomycete belonging to the Gymnoascaceae, produces a cleistothecium-like ascocarp enclosing eight hyaline non-linear ascospores. Compatibility in this heterothallic fungus is controlled by a single pair of factors, A and a (Weitzman, 1964a). N. in? curvata is better known by its imperfect state, Microsporum gypseum (Bodin) Guiart & Grigorakis, which is a common resident of the soil and an occasional incitant of ringworm. The recent discovery of sexuality in M. gypseum (Griffin, 1960; Stockdale, 1961) and in several other dermatophytes (Ajello, 1961; Dawson and Gentles, 1961; Georg et al., 1962), has made possible a formal genetic analysis of this group of pathogenic fungi. This report on linkage group I of Nannizzia incurvata represents a beginning of such a study.