cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Southern extension of the Independence dike swarm of eastern California

New geochronologic data show that Jurassic dikes in the western Mojave Desert and Eastern Transverse Ranges are part of the Independence dike swarm of eastern California .These occurrences extend the length of the dike swarm to more than 500 km. U/Pb zircon concordia intercept ages for dikes near Stoddard Well in the western Mojave Desert and Big Wash in the Eagle Mountains are identical within analytical uncertainties to 148 Ma zircon ages for Independence dikes north of the Garlock fault. Recognition of this widespread magmatic and tectonic event with a restricted age has important ramifications. (1) Crosscutting relations between the dikes and pre-Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks help establish relative ages. (2) Persistence of dikes across several inferred terrane boundaries constrains terrane accretion ages. (3) The dike rocks represent magmatic processes in a wide range of wall-rock settings. (4) The dikes are structural markers that record translations and rotationsof crustal flakes. (5) Regional persistence and dilational emplacement of the Independence dike swarm suggest that it is the last extension in a series of alternating extensional and compressional events during the Jurassic. The tectonic regime responsible for the Independence dikes may be related to arc-normal extension, changes in plate motions, or oblique subduction with left-lateral shear.
Initiation of erosion in unidirectional flow using a synchronized imaging technique

The introduction of non-cohesive sediment (sand) into cohesive sediment (mud) may produce a mixture with erodibility characteristics, unlike the two individual constituents (Sanford 2008). Suspended sediment entrainment has been found to occur intermittently in turbulent flow (e.g., Drake et al. 1988). Therefore, instantaneous turbulent velocity fluctuations are used to characterize sediment entrainment events in this study. Our goal was to obtain the instantaneous turbulent fluid velocity fluctuations adjacent to an erosional zone in a sand–clay sediment mixture to evaluate the Taylor frozen turbulence hypothesis (TFTH) and demonstrate that it is valid near the erosional sediment surface. The TFTH assumes that the advection contributed by the turbulence itself is small; therefore, a field of turbulence advects with the mean flow, while the fundamental properties of the turbulence remain unchanged (Taylor 1938). We validated the TFTH using spatial and temporal spectra for this case (e.g., Pope 2000).
Prostaglandin D2 in cultured capillary and microvascular endothelium of human brain

Abstract Production of prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) was investigated in cultured endothelial cells derived from capillaries and microvessels (small and large) of human brain using radioimmunoassays. Peptides, catecholamines, thrombin, protein kinase C-activating phorbol ester and calcium ionophore greatly stimulated the secretion of endothelial PGD 2 . Secretion of PGD 2 induced by vasoconstricting peptides, angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin, was almost completely abolished by their respective specific receptor antagonists [Sar 1 , Ala 8 ]-Ang II and [1−6(β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylene priopionic acid) 2-O-methyltyrosine]. Thus, the augmented production of PGD 2 by angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin is a receptor-mediated event. It also indicates that the EC have specific angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin (V 1 ) receptors. This study represents the first demonstration of vasoactive agents modulating PGD 2 production in capillary and microvascular endothelium of human brain.
Comparing the performance of hyperbolic and circular rod quadrupole mass spectrometers with applied higher order auxiliary excitation

This work applies higher order auxiliary excitation techniques to two types of quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMSs): commercial systems and spaceborne instruments. The operational settings of a circular rod geometry commercial system and an engineering test-bed for a hyperbolic rod geometry spaceborne instrument were matched, with the relative performance of each sensor characterized with and without applied excitation using isotopic measurements of Kr+. Each instrument was operated at the limit of the test electronics to determine the effect of auxiliary excitation on extending instrument capabilities. For the circular rod sensor, with applied excitation, a doubling of the mass resolution at 1% of peak transmission resulted from the elimination of the low-mass side peak tail typical of such rod geometries. The mass peak stability and ion rejection efficiency were also increased by factors of 2 and 10, respectively, with voltage scan lines passing through the center of stability islands formed from auxiliary excitation. Auxiliary excitation also resulted in factors of 6 and 2 in peak stability and ion rejection efficiency, respectively, for the hyperbolic rod sensor. These results not only have significant implications for the use of circular rod quadrupoles with applied excitation as a suitable replacement for traditional hyperbolic rod sensors, but also for extending the capabilities of existing hyperbolic rod QMSs for the next generation of spaceborne instruments and low-mass commercial systems.
Cocaine and methamphetamine differentially affect opioid peptide mRNA expression in the striatum.

Abstract: In general, administration of methamphetamine and cocaine alters preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNA levels in striatum. However, no study has directly compared the effects of these stimulants on opioid peptides in striatum. This study used in situ hybridization to compare directly the effects of cocaine and methamphetamine on preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNAs in distinct striatal regions. Male Sprague—Dawley rats received a single administration of 15 mg/kg methamphetamine or 30 mg/kg cocaine and were killed 30 min or 3 h later. Methamphetamine and cocaine differentially affected preprodynorphin mRNA in striatum after 3 h. Densitometric analysis of film autoradiograms revealed that cocaine, but not methamphetamine, significantly increased preprodynorphin. This effect was seen throughout rostral striatum and dorsally in caudal striatum. However, specific analysis of “patches” in which preprodynorphin expression is high revealed a significantly greater effect of methamphetamine versus cocaine. In contrast, both cocaine and methamphetamine had similar effects on preproenkephalin mRNA, decreasing levels after 30 min in rostral striatum and in the core of nucleus accumbens. These data suggest that methamphetamine and cocaine have distinct postsynaptic consequences on striatal neurons.
An evaluation of low vapor pressure liquids for membrane introduction mass spectrometry

Four liquids of low vapour pressure have been examined for use as semi-permeable membranes in the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by the technique of membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS). The chosen liquids are inert and hydrophobic and can be formed to any desired thickness or shape. The selected polymers—polyphenyl ether, alkylated cyclopentane, perfluorinated ether and silicone oil—were supported on a microporous substrate and mounted in a direct insertion membrane probe. Polyphenyl ether, alkylated cyclopentane and silicone oil each formed stable semi-permeable barriers which passed the analytes of interest while discriminating strongly against the water solvent. These highly stable liquids also showed no significant loss of mass or contribution to the background of the mass spectrometer. Optimal injection volumes (2.25 ml) and membrane temperatures (90°C) gave 10%–90% rise times of 44–55 s for the three liquids compared with 35 s for a reference silicone membrane. Comparable detection limits at the low-ppb level were observed for benzene, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride and nitrobenzene using the silicone reference and alkylated cyclopentane membranes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3R,4R,Dihydroxy-L-proline: a potent and specific β-D-glucuronidase inhibitor

Abstract The title compound, a naturally-occurring amino acid found in virotoxins, competitively inhibits bovine β-D-glucuronidase but does not affect other glycosidases.
Preparation of Drosophila central neurons for in situ patch clamping.

Short generation times and facile genetic techniques make the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster an excellent genetic model in fundamental neuroscience research. Ion channels are the basis of all behavior since they mediate neuronal excitability. The first voltage gated ion channel cloned was the Drosophila voltage gated potassium channel Shaker1,2. Toward understanding the role of ion channels and membrane excitability for nervous system function it is useful to combine powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila with in situ patch clamp recordings. For many years such recordings have been hampered by the small size of the Drosophila CNS. Furthermore, a robust sheath made of glia and collagen constituted obstacles for patch pipette access to central neurons. Removal of this sheath is a necessary precondition for patch clamp recordings from any neuron in the adult Drosophila CNS. In recent years scientists have been able to conduct in situ patch clamp recordings from neurons in the adult brain3,4 and ventral nerve cord of embryonic5,6, larval7,8,9,10, and adult Drosophila11,12,13,14. A stable giga-seal is the main precondition for a good patch and depends on clean contact of the patch pipette with the cell membrane to avoid leak currents. Therefore, for whole cell in situ patch clamp recordings from adult Drosophila neurons must be cleaned thoroughly. In the first step, the ganglionic sheath has to be treated enzymatically and mechanically removed to make the target cells accessible. In the second step, the cell membrane has to be polished so that no layer of glia, collagen or other material may disturb giga-seal formation. This article describes how to prepare an identified central neuron in the Drosophila ventral nerve cord, the flight motoneuron 5 (MN515), for somatic whole cell patch clamp recordings. Identification and visibility of the neuron is achieved by targeted expression of GFP in MN5. We do not aim to explain the patch clamp technique itself.
A call to include people with mental illness and substance use disorders alongside ‘regular’ smokers in smoking cessation research

This commentary points out that smoking is increasingly concentrated among people with psychiatric problems and other substance use disorders (eg, alcohol use disorder), and argues that for clinical, ethical and efficiency reasons, such individuals should be routinely enrolled in smoking cessation research.
Patterns of recurrence in malignant mixed müllerian tumor of the uterus.

Of 120 patients treated definitively at University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital for malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the uterus, 67 had their tumors recur. These patients were analyzed for recurrence pattern and response of recurrence to treatment. The most frequent sites of recurrence were the lung and abdomen, accounting for 66% of all first-site recurrences and 80% of all first-site distant metastases. Locoregional recurrences were much less frequent, accounting for 18% of recurrences. There was no apparent change in recurrence pattern with the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy. The effect of adjuvant radiation could not be assessed, because 95% of patients treated surgically received adjunctive radiation. The survival after treatment of recurrence was shortest for patients with bone, brain, or liver metastases (median, 4 months). There were four long-term survivors (more than 36 months). Patients with resectable recurrences had the highest response rates. Response to chemotherapy alone was uniformly poor (6% response rate).
Automated real-time pavement distress detection using fuzzy logic and neural network

Conventional visual and manual pavement distress analysis approaches are very costly, time-consuming, dangerous, labor-intensive, tedious, subjective, having high degree of variability, unable to provide meaningful quantitative information, and almost always leading to inconsistencies in distress detail over space and across evaluations. In this paper, a novel system for multipurpose automated real-time pavement distress analysis based on fuzzy logic and neural networks will be studied. The proposed system can: provide high data acquisition rates; effectively and accurately identify the type, severity and extent of surface distress; improve the safety and efficiency of data collection; offer an objective standard of analysis and classification of distress; help identify cost effective maintenance and repair plans; provide images and examples through information highway to other user/researchers; provide image/sample back for training or as the benchmark for testing new algorithms. The proposed system will reduce the cost for maintenance/repair greatly, and can contribute to other research in pavement maintenance, repair and rehabilitation.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Successful Treatment of Acromegaly: Metabolic and Clinical Studies in 145 Patients

ABSTRACT The successful treatment of acromegaly, a disorder related to hyperfunction of the pituitary gland and first described in 1886 by Marie, has long been sought. The relative insensitivity of the pituitary gland to externally delivered radiation is well known, and the endresults of treatment with conventional radiation have been relatively unsatisfactory—long periods of relief of signs and symptoms have not often been achieved and life expectancy has not been good. Surgical hypophysectomy, pituitary implants using gold-198 or yttrium-90, and cryohypophysectomy have recently been used with considerable success. Thirteen yr ago, after more than 20 yr of radiobiologic research with heavy particles, we started using high-energy protons, and later the 910-MeV alpha-particle beam from a cyclotron to treat patients with acromegaly.1 One hundred twenty patients have been treated, and we have achieved relief of symptoms and signs and a return to normal of elevated growthhormone levels and other metabolic abn...
Heat stress and baroreflex regulation ofblood pressure

In healthy, noninjured, individuals, passive (i.e., nonexercising) whole-body heating has the potential to cause significant cardiovascular stress that may be second only to the cardiovascular stress associated with exercise. For example, such a heat stress can increase heart rate to well over 100 beats min(-1) with cardiac output increasing upward to 13 L min(-1). This increase in cardiac output is necessary to maintain blood pressure due to profound reductions in total vascular conductance associated with cutaneous vasodilation. These responses are accompanied with elevations in sympathetic activity and reductions in vascular conductance (i.e., increased vascular resistance) from noncutaneous beds. While heat-stressed, blood pressure control is compromised resulting in orthostatic intolerance. A plausible explanation for such an event is that heat stress impairs baroreflex responsiveness perhaps due to the reduced range by which baroreflexes can increase heart rate, cardiac output, sympathetic activity, and vascular resistance during a hypotensive challenge. Given that dynamic exercise has the potential to cause large increases in internal temperature, possibly a component of the response to exercise, with respect to baroreflex control of blood pressure, may be affected by the thermal load during the exercise bout. Within this context, the purpose of this review was to summarize findings investigating the effects of heat stress on baroreflex regulation of blood pressure.
Regional treatment of vulvar cancer; lessons from the past and lessons for the future

As a radiation oncology resident in the early 1980s, I recall seeing only 1 vulvar cancer during the entire 3 years of my clinical training—a woman referred for palliative treatment of a massive locoregional recurrence. At the time, we were taught that radiation therapy had little or no role in the curative management of vulvar cancer, surgery was considered the only definitive treatment, and clinicians generally believed that the side effects of radiation therapy prohibited delivery of meaningful doses to the vulva. In contrast, today it is widely recognized that the best overall outcomes are achieved through careful application of a multidisciplinary treatment approach and that radiation therapy can play an integral role in curative treatment of many patients, particularly those who have locoregionally advanced disease. The path between then and now was marked by some remarkable highs but also by a few equally remarkable blunders. In 1986, Homesley et al1 proved that in patients with vulvar cancer, adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy could improve survival by preventing regional disease recurrences. At about the same time, Cummings et al2 published data demonstrating the power of concurrent chemoradiation as a tool for organ preservation in anal cancer. Clinicians were emboldened by these findings to take a second look at the potential for concurrent chemoradiation in women with locally advanced vulvar
Women's ecological oral histories of recycling and development in coastal Yucatán

This article addresses the formation of the Chen Kole ‘Lob women's recycling cooperative and its relationship to urbanization, plastics consumption, and the exclusionary spaces of conservation-as-development in coastal Yucatan, Mexico. Increasing amounts of plastic containers and other nonorganic garbage contaminate backyards, protected wetlands and marine areas, and individual homes located in low-lying floodable areas. However, in this region, the majority of sponsored economic development programs are directed at managing men's activities in sustainable fishing and ecotourism within natural protected areas. Both women's work and urban issues such as recycling and waste management have frequently been excluded from state policies and development practice. I draw from oral histories of women's experience in the home, in conservation space, and as participants in grassroots plastics recycling to underscore what motivated women to become involved in recycling and garbage cleanup, and how women came to be c...
Magnetic reconstruction at an Fe-MnF2 interface

Abstract In recent years it has been possible to characterize, both theoretically and experimentally, the collective magnetic behavior at the surface of a ferromagnet. We have probed the surface regions of Fe at an MnF2 interface to determine whether the Mn moment can interact with surface Fe moments to produce a magnetically reconstructed Fe surface.
miR-184 Has Multiple Roles in Drosophila Female Germline Development

Posttranscriptional regulation plays a crucial role in germline and early embryonic development, but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here we report the genetic and molecular analysis of the maternally and zygotically expressed microRNA miR-184 in Drosophila. Loss of miR-184 leads to multiple severe defects during oogenesis and early embryogenesis, culminating in the complete loss of egg production. Using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we characterize the relevant miR-184 targets and target sites for three of the observed phenotypes. miR-184 controls germline stem cell differentiation by tuning the DPP receptor Saxophone, dorsoventral patterning of the egg shell by regulating the gurken transport factor K10, and anteroposterior patterning of the blastoderm by tuning the transcriptional repressor Tramtrack69. Our study highlights the importance of microRNA-mediated regulation in the major developmental transitions of the female germline, and provides insights into several aspects of microRNA function.
The A′ 3Π(2u-X 1Σg+ emission spectrum of Br2 in an argon matrix

Abstract The emission spectrum of the A′ 3 Π(2 u )-X 1 Σ g + system of Br 2 in an argon matrix is reported. The vibrationally resolved spectra have been analysed and two possible vibrational numberings have been determined. These provide estimates for T c of 12966 ± 8 and 12679 ± 8 cm −1 , respectively. Excitation spectra have been examined, and these provide insight into the excitation and relaxation mechanisms present in the matrix.
A Note on Accelerated Dollar Averaging

The policy of accelerated dollar averaging as discussed by William T. Morris is an excellent contribution Morris, W. T. 1959. Some analysis of purchasing policy. Management Sci.5 4, July. is essentially correct. The analysis, however, merits extension beyond the rather abbreviated treatment given in the article cited. Dollar averaging is a type of procurement policy whereby a given amount of money is spent at each purchasing opportunity. The amount actually bought at each period is then a function of the price prevailing at that time.
Soyasaponin IV an additional monodesmosidic saponin isolated from soyabean

Abstract A new saponin has been isolated from the methanolic extract of soybean meal and its structure elucidated as 3-O-[α- L -arabinopyranosyl(1 → 2)β- D -glucuronopyranosyl(1 →)]-3β,22β,24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene.
Hypothyroidism, Hyperlipemia and Carotenemia

The recognition of the clinical picture of carotenemia is relatively new. In 1904 van Norden described this orange-yellow pigmentation of selected areas of the skin in diabetics and called this disease xanthosis diabetica. That carotenemia was associated with some metabolic disturbance was suggested by van Norden's (1) publication in 1907, and, as further studies appeared in the literature, the correctness of this assumption became more apparent. In 1919, Hess and Myers (2,) described this same peculiar pigmentation of the skin occurring in children and called it carotenemia. They noted that this coloring appeared in two children who had ingested large amounts of lipochrome vegetables, but they were unable to reproduce this condition by the overfeeding of these same vegetables in control cases. Head and Johnson (3), reported the same phenomenon in malnourished children who were deprived of meat but had eaten an excess of pigment-containing vegetables.
Ear disease in relation to age in the cleft palatte child and adolescent

Ear disease in relation to age in the cleft palate child and adolescent Ninety-eight cleft palate subjects were studied to ascertain the eventual adolescent and adult hearing. There were 72 complete clefts of lip and palate and 26 clefts of the palate alone. The incidence or side of ear disease did not appear to be influenced by this type of cleft. Other systemic anomalies were present in 11 cases with congenital middle ear abnormalities in 3 and sensory neural hearing loss in 8 subjects. Progressive improvement in incidence of hearing loss from 94% at 4 years to 42% at 20 years was noted with the strict definition of hearing loss as 10 dB conductive loss at any one frequency. 10% of ears were left with permanent structural changes in the middle ear. In only 2 patients was there a bilateral hearing loss of 20 dB or more through the speech range.
Amorphous GdCoCr films for bubble domain applications

Amorphous GdCoCr films of various composition ratios made by rf bias sputtering are investigated for their applicability as bubble domain supporting materials. Film compositions around Gd0.13 Co0.65 Cr0.22 have temperature-insensitive magnetizations between 240 K and 350 K with Tcomp ≅ 120 K and Tc ≅ 630 K. Reductlon of the Cr content from 21.8 to 20.3 at. percent causes an increase of the magnetization by a factor of three. Thermal cycling of these films between 290 K and 570 K does not change the magnetization noticeably, nor does annealing for up to six days at 520 K. The films are found to be very susceptible to contamination by the residual oxygen present in the vacuum chamber during sputtering. Films contaminated with 3 to 13 at. percent oxygen have coercivities around 800 A/m (10 Oe), whereas films which were oxygen-free according to microprobe investigations show coercivities less than 80 A/m (1 Oe).
Regeneration through Nerve Isografts is Independent of Nerve Geometry

Investigators have theorized that tortuosity in nerve grafts may adversely affect nerve regeneration. This study investigated the effect of graft configuration and redundancy on regeneration across 2.5-cm rat sciatic nerve isografts. Thirty-two Lewis rats were randomized to four nerve grafting groups defined by gap distance and isograft conformation. In Group 1, grafts were interposed into a 2-cm gap, resulting in mild graft redundancy. In Groups 2 and 3, grafts were tacked in sinusoidal or omega-shaped configurations, respectively, to bridge a 0.5-cm gap. In Group 4, grafts were interposed after 1 cm of native sciatic nerve was resected, resulting in no graft redundancy and an interstump distance of 2.5 cm. At 6 weeks, nerve tissue was harvested; subsequent histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in regeneration between groups. These data suggest that regeneration through isografts is independent of the graft geometry and redundancy.
International Education Issues: Neurology and poverty

Few people in the world today are rich; the vast majority, 86% of the global population, live in the developing world, in countries that are classified as low or middle income.1 The most recent data on extreme poverty suggest that nearly a billion people, spread over many continents, live on less than one dollar per day.2 It is in low and middle income (LAMI) countries where most cases of neurologic disease occur, including stroke, epilepsy, primary headache disorders, and Alzheimer disease,3 and in these countries neurologic disease is studied little if at all. The public health challenges for neurologic disorders in LAMI countries are multiple. Among the poor, there is special consideration of the 1) overall burden of neurologic disease, 2) lack of access to essential medications, 3) paucity of epidemiologic research available, 4) reduced ratio of practitioners in LAMI countries, 5) double burden of communicable and noncommunicable disease, and 6) stigma. At every level of society, there is a need for more education, in rich countries as well as poor ones. Health care workers, students, governments, teachers, and members of the general public all have important roles to play. Dementia and stroke are among the most common disabling diseases worldwide,4 and in some regions of the world, stroke accounts for more deaths than ischemic heart disease. Although often considered developed world diseases, 86% of all stroke mortality5 and 85% of all cases of epilepsy3 occur in the developing world. Overall, neurologic disorders now account for a greater burden of disease than HIV/AIDS.4 Studies from LAMI countries reveal poor access to underprescribed and often unaffordable medications. In one recent analysis6 of four low and six middle income …
Improved Analytical and Semi-Analytical Durability Models (Constrained Models) for Various Surface-Mount Configurations

Several analytical and semi-analytical models to predict solder joint durability under thermal cycling loadings have been proposed. In general, these models are overtly conservative often requiring extensive experimental and/or finite element calibration. We present, based on the physics of the deformation process, a direct approach to improve these classes of model by resolving one of the major causes of conservatism. Our contribution is applicable to virtually all known surface mount configurations. The improved models (henceforth termed as constraint models) retain the simplicity of use of the existing ones. The efficacy of constraint approach is demonstrated on leadless resistors and comparisons are made with existing models and experimental data.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Echocardiogram analysis in a pattern recognition framework

Echocardiogram analysis is treated in a pattern recognition framework. Anterior mitral leaflet waveforms are classified for the four-class problem consisting of the classes "normal," "mitral stenosis," "mitral valve prolapse," and "idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis." In addition, aortic root waveforms and left ventricular wall waveforms are classified for the two-class problem consisting of the classes "normal" and "idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis." One common method of analysis (Fourier analysis) underlies each classification scheme. Classification accuracy is sufficiently good to warrant the inference that successful automated decision-making based on the algorithms investigated is feasible.
Genetic Interpretation of Broad-Scale Microsatellite Polymorphism in Odd-Year Pink Salmon

Abstract We examined genetic variation at five microsatellite loci in 12 odd-year populations and one even-year population of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha from six geographic regions of North America. The degree of polymorphism varied widely among loci. The total number of alleles in the odd-year samples varied from 4 (Oneμ3) to 53 (Ssa85). A probability test revealed significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among all odd-year samples and among pooled odd-year samples from six regions. We compared estimates of a standard index of population structure (θ) based on variance in allele frequency with a new index suggested for microsatellites (ρST) based on variance in allele size. Our results suggest is a better estimator of intralineage (odd-year × odd-year) population structure, whereas is best suited for estimating interlineage (odd-year × even-year) population structure. The difference in performance of and for estimating intralineage and interlineage population structure suggests high migrat...
Input Information Complexity and Information Processing in Electronic Discussions: An Experimental Investigation

The findings of a laboratory experiment of electronic collaboration among the members of work groups reveal that both input information load and diversity have curvilinear ∩ relationships with the output information complexity generated by the groups and negative relationships with group interaction behaviors manifested through group members’ communication and participation activities. Also, output information complexity and group interaction behavior have positive relationships with group members’ satisfaction with the electronic meeting process.
Documentation of IPL-V

IPL-V (Information Processing Language-V) is a programming language for list processing and symbol manipulation. It is the fifth of a series of programming languages that has developed as part of a research effort in artificial intelligence and simulation of cognitive processes. This research started in late 1954 at The RAND Corporation and Carnegie Institute of Technology and has remained centered there, so that these two organizations, or more properly the scientists thereof, can be considered the source of the language. The earlier IPL's were coded for the RAND JOHNNIAC, a unique machine of the Princeton class; IPL-V is the only one which has become a “public” language and where the necessary effort has been made to document and standardize the language.
SAP: Smart Access Point with seamless load balancing multiple interfaces

Providing adequate Wi-Fi services to meet user demand in densely populated environments has been a fundamental challenge for Wi-Fi networks. In this paper, we explore the emerging OAMI (One-AP-Multiple-Interface) architecture and propose a unique solution called SAP (Smart Access Point). SAP takes full advantage of the OAMI architecture to provide seamless handoff experience to users, while smartly balancing the network load across multiple interfaces based on users' time-varying traffic load conditions. Moreover, we define a Traffic Fulfillment (TF) performance metric to quantify the user experience and aid in association scheduling. SAP is an AP-only solution that requires trivial network modifications and is backwards compatible with legacy 802.11 stations. We have implemented SAP in the MadWifi device driver and demonstrated its effectiveness via experiments.
Most Similar is Different: Response Bias in Lineups

Previous research has shown that distractor faces made up of features of previously seen target faces are more likely to be selected as targets than the targets themselves. The present experiments sought to determine whether there is a tendency to pick a face out of a lineup if the face is more similar to the other lineup members than they are to each other. In Experiment 1, 25 subjects ranked members of lineups on similarity to target faces. The important comparisons were between rankings of the faces similar to the distractors (the critical faces), target faces, and other distractors. When the target faces were present in the lineup, no significant difference between rankings of the targets and the critical faces was found. When no targets were present in the lineup the critical faces were judged to be more like the targets than were the other distractors. This latter finding was replicated in Experiment 2 using visual stimuli other than faces. Implications for choosing police lineups are discussed.
Time-resolved spectroscopic studies of B12 coenzymes: A comparison of the primary photolysis mechanism in methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, and 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin

An ultrafast transient absorption study of the primary photolysis of ethyl- and n-propylcobalamin in water is presented. Data have been obtained for two distinct excitation wavelengths, 400 nm at the edge of the UV γ-band absorption, and 520 nm in the strong visible αβ-band absorption. These data are compared with results reported earlier for the B12 coenzymes, methyl- and adenosylcobalamin. The data obtained for ethylcobalamin and n-propylcobalamin following excitation at 400 nm demonstrate the formation of one major photoproduct on a picosecond time scale. This photoproduct is spectroscopically identifiable as a cob(II)alamin species. Excitation of methyl-, ethyl-, and n-propylcobalamin at 520 nm in the low-lying αβ absorption band results in bond homolysis proceeding via a bound cob(III)alamin MLCT state. For all of the cobalamins studied here competition between geminate recombination of caged radical pairs and cage escape occurs on a time scale of 500 to 700 ps. The rate constants for geminate recomb...
Study of harmonic crystal momentum autocorrelation and fluctuation functions

Abstract The mean-squared fluctuation of the momentum autocorrelation of a defect particle in a harmonic crystal was calculated. It was found that non-equilibrium fluctuations approach their equilibrium values faster than do the corresponding average correlations.
Fluorogenic Label for Biomolecular Imaging

Traditional small-molecule fluorophores are always fluorescent. This attribute can obscure valuable information in biological experiments. Here, we report on a versatile "latent" fluorophore that overcomes this limitation. At the core of the latent fluorophore is a derivative of rhodamine in which one nitrogen is modified as a urea. That modification enables rhodamine to retain half of its fluorescence while facilitating conjugation to a target molecule. The other nitrogen of rhodamine is modified with a "trimethyl lock", which enables fluorescence to be unmasked fully by a single user-designated chemical reaction. An esterase-reactive latent fluorophore was synthesized in high yield and attached covalently to a cationic protein. The resulting conjugate was not fluorescent in the absence of esterases. The enzymatic activity of esterases in endocytic vesicles and the cytosol educed fluorescence, enabling the time-lapse imaging of endocytosis into live human cells and thus providing unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of this process. The modular design of this "fluorogenic label" enables the facile synthesis of an ensemble of small-molecule probes for the illumination of numerous biochemical and cell biological processes.
The SBF- and MBF-associated protein Msa1 is required for proper timing of G1-specific transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell cycle initiation is prompted during G1 phase by Cln3/cyclin-dependent protein kinase-mediated transcriptional activation of G1-specific genes. A recent screening performed to reveal novel interactors of SCB-binding factor (SBF) and MCB-binding factor (MBF) identified, in addition to the SBF-specific repressor Whi5 and the MBF-specific corepressor Nrm1, a pair of homologous proteins, Msa1 and Msa2 (encoded by YOR066w and YKR077w), as interactors of SBF and MBF, respectively. MSA1 is expressed periodically during the cell cycle with peak mRNA levels occurring at the late M/early G1 phase and peak protein levels occurring in early G1. Msa1 associates with SBF- and MBF-regulated target promoters consistent with a role in G1-specific transcriptional regulation. Msa1 affects cell cycle initiation by advancing the timing of transcription of G1-specific genes. Msa1 binds to SBF- and MBF-regulated promoters and binding is maximal during the G1 phase. Binding depends upon the cognate transcription factor. Msa1 overexpression advances the timing of SBF-dependent transcription and budding, whereas depletion delays both indicators of cell cycle initiation. Similar effects on MBF-regulated transcription are observed. Based upon these results, we conclude that Msa1 acts to advance the timing of G1-specific transcription and cell cycle initiation.
Death and Interventional Cardiology A Tale of 2 Trials

In this issue of Circulation , the 3-year follow-up of the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves Cohort B (PARTNER B) trial provides us with a sobering final word on the natural history of severe aortic stenosis.1 As described 50 years ago, severe aortic stenosis is a terminal illness of the elderly with a progression from symptoms to death over an ≈3-year period.2,3 The present report of the 3-year follow-up from the PARTNER B trial confirms this dismal natural history: Among patients randomized to standard therapy in the initial trial or continued-access study, 81% were dead after 3 years. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) alters this natural history significantly, providing a 47% reduction in the risk of death over 3 years (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.68; P <0.001). As a result of this demonstration of effective therapy for even surgically inoperable patients, the natural history studies of untreated severe aortic stenosis are complete. Article see p 1483 The PARTNER B control arm is not the only group with a concerning outcome. The majority of patients randomized to TAVR are also dead at the 3-year follow-up. These grim outcomes in both arms of the trial lead to 2 disturbing questions: Was it necessary to perform a randomized trial in which the control group was already known to have an exceedingly high mortality rate? And were elderly patients with multiple comorbidities unnecessarily included a randomized trial in which any active intervention was predestined to be futile? The last 2 decades of interventional cardiology clinical trials have been dominated by combined end points, surrogate end points, and goals of noninferiority. The efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention pharmacology is generally defined by periprocedural elevations in myocardial biomarkers. The impact of coronary stents is demonstrated by either a reduction in …
Autolysis of phytic acid and protein in canola meal (Brassica spp.), wheat bran (Triticum spp.) and fish silage blends

Fish silage, canola meal, and wheat bran were blended to form an acid-stabilised, paste-like product. Changes in protein nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, phytic acid, and orthophosphorus contents of the acidified blends were measured over a 5-week period of storage at room temperature (20–22°C). During the storage period, phytic acid from the canola meal was dephosphorylated by phytase from the wheat bran. Changes in the level of non-protein nitrogen showed that the fish proteins were partially hydrolysed and liquefied during storage, and that the fish enzymes may have partially hydrolysed the canola meal and wheat bran proteins. The resulting product could be stored at room temperature without spoiling and could be dried in conventional drying equipment. This process provides a means of improving the nutritional value of canola meal by reducing its high phytate content, and of producing a homogeneous dry feed commodity from liquid fish silage.
Model reference adaptive control of a nonlinear oscillator

A model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is applied to a nonlinear oscillator to achieve adaptive control. Since the model and plant of the system are not linearized to achieve the adaptive laws, the true behavior of the strongly nonlinear system is not lost. By considering important properties of the reference model describing a well-behaved nonlinear oscillator, it is possible to derive the error-equation, which is linear in the state variables. Liapunov synthesis is used to achieve adaptive control, and stability is thus guaranteed. The technique is simulated using an adaptive autopilot for a ship.
74 Gastrointestinal Bleeding Is Not Associated with Pump Speed and Aortic Valve Opening in Patients Supported with the HeartMate II LVAD

LVAD support is not known. Methods and Materials: Between July 2003 and September 2011, 389 pt (308 male) underwent continuous flow LVAD implant at University of Michigan Hospital and Mayo Clinic. Median age was 60 years (range, 18-79). Outcomes were analyzed for the association of GI bleeds and subsequent TE events defined as stroke, TIA, hemolysis, or pump thrombosis. Median survival was 10 months (max. 7.2 years, total 439 patient years). Overall survival and freedom from an event was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Association of GI bleed and subsequent TE events, and survival impact was analyzed as a time-dependent covariate. Results: One hundred ninety-nine GI bleeds occurred in 116/389 pt (30%) for an event rate of 0.45 GI bleeds/pt years of support. One hundred thirty-eight TE events occurred in 97/389 pt (25%) for an event rate of 0.31 TE events/pt years of support. Median time from LVAD implant to 1 GI bleed was 5 months (range, 1 to 116 months) and to 1 TE event was 6 months (range, 1 to 29 months). For patients who had TE event after GI bleed, median interval was 5 months (range, 0.5 to 25 months). TE events were 7.4 times more likely in pt who had a prior GI bleed [4.9-11.1] (p 0.001), however, neither the presence of GI bleeding [0.7-1.2], a TE event [0.8-2.0], nor the combination of GI bleed and TE event [.5-1.3] portended a lower overall survival (p 0.2, p 0.4, and p 0.4, respectively). Conclusions: Pt who had GI bleeding were at significantly higher risk for having a subsequent TE event. Although the exact association is unknown, it suggests that alteration in anticoagulation and antiplatelet management to treat GI bleeds may contribute to this risk.
Depletion of mast cell ATP inhibits complement-dependent cytotoxic histamine release

Rabbit anti-rat mast cell antibody is capable of liberating histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells in the presence of complement. The cytotoxicity of this complement-mediated histamine release mechanism is attested by a substantial reduction of cell ATP, release of 51Cr and 86Rb and lytic ultrastructural changes. Inhibition of complement-dependent cytotoxic histamine release can be achieved by depressing mast cell ATP with 2,4-dinitrophenol (1 mM), antimycin A (0.2 μM) or potassium cyanide (1 mM). Restoration of cell ATP is accompanied by reversal of the inhibition of the cytotoxic histamine release. Ultrastructural analysis and 51Cr release studies reveal that in mast cells depleted of ATP, cytolysis occurs but perigranule membranes remain intact, thus preventing histamine release.
Enhancing skin wound healing by direct delivery of intracellular adenosine triphosphate

Background A new intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) delivery technique has been developed and was tested for skin wound care.
Monoclonal-antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapsed non-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood is a curable disease for the majority of patients [1]. Most children who relapse, however, have a poor prognosis. Although second complete remission can usually be obtained, the long-term diseasefree survival in most series is less than 10% [2, 3]. Therefore, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been considered the treatment of choice for children with ALL in second hematologic remission who have an HLA-identical mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) nonreactive sibling donor. An alternative approach has been autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Determination of maximum leaf velocity and acceleration of a dynamic multileaf collimator: implications for 4D radiotherapy.

The dynamic multileaf collimator (MLC) can be used for four-dimensional (4D), or tumor tracking radiotherapy. However, the leaf velocity and acceleration limitations become a crucial factor as the MLC leaves need to respond in near real time to the incoming respiration signal. The aims of this paper are to measure maximum leaf velocity, acceleration, and deceleration to obtain the mechanical response times for the MLC, and determine whether the MLC is suitable for 4D radiotherapy. MLC leaf sequence files, requiring the leaves to reach maximum acceleration and velocity during motion, were written. The leaf positions were recorded every 50ms, from which the maximum leaf velocity, acceleration, and deceleration were derived. The dependence on the velocity and acceleration of the following variables were studied: leaf banks, inner and outer leaves, MLC-MLC variations, gravity, friction, and the stability of measurements over time. Measurement results show that the two leaf banks of a MLC behave similarly, while the inner and outer leaves have significantly different maximum leaf velocities. The MLC-MLC variations and the dependence of gravity on maximum leaf velocity are statistically significant. The average maximum leaf velocity at the isocenter plane of the MLC ranged from 3.3 to 3.9cm∕s. The acceleration and deceleration at the isocenter plane of the MLC ranged from 50 to 69cm∕s2 and 46 to 52cm∕s2, respectively. Interleaf friction had a negligible effect on the results, and the MLC parameters remained stable with time. Equations of motion were derived to determine the ability of the MLC response to fluoroscopy-measured diaphragm motion. Given the present MLC mechanical characteristics, 4D radiotherapy is feasible for up to 97% of respiratory motion. For the largest respiratory motion velocities observed, beam delivery should be temporarily stopped (beam hold).
Policy and research in end-stage renal disease.

Public policy should be designed to obtain maximum benefits for the dollars expended. Because funding for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is in the public domain, it is appropriate to determine whether or not policy changes might result in more cost-effective care. Policy-oriented research therefore will be increasingly useful in identifying potential areas of improved efficiency in the delivery of health care services as well as in evaluating the effectiveness of innovations in the health care financial reimbursement system.