cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on the mode of action of calciferol, XXXII. Evidence for a 24(R),25(OH)2-vitamin D3 receptor in the parathyroid gland of the rachitic chick.

Summary Previous studies from a number of laboratories suggest a biological role for 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] in bone mineralization, parathyroid hormone secretion and possibly intestinal calcium absorption. As a consequence we have initiated a search for a binding protein/receptor for 24,25(OH)2D3 analogous to that previously shown to exist in many tissues for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Here we report for the first time the existence of a 24,25(OH)2D3 receptor/binding protein in the parathyroid glands of rachitic chicks. Incubation of a 105,000 x g supernatant of a 0.4 M KC1 extract of parathyroid gland chromatin with [3H]-24,25(OH)2D3 both before and after 5–20% sucrose density gradient centrifugation resulted in the detection of a receptor-like binding component with a mobility of 3.2–3.4 S. This putative 24,25(OH)2D3 receptor was shown to have ligand specificity for 24,25(OH)2D3 over 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and to be a different macromolecular species than the 6 S binding protein for 25(OH)D3 which is present in the cytosol but not chromatin of the parathyroid gland.
Further studies on the regulation of insulin and growth hormone secretion in the sheep.

Epinephrine infusions (0.5–1.0 μg/kg/min) inhibited the insulin secretory response to the short-chain fatty acids propionate (0.5 mmole/kg) and butyrate (0.5 mmole/kg) and intravenous arginine (12.5 g). This inhibitory effect of epinephrine was blocked by alpha adrenergic receptor blockade (i.e., phentolamine) but not by beta adrenergic receptor blockade (i.e., propranolol). Epinephrine also completely abolished the plasma growth hormone response to arginine infusions. This effect was not altered by alpha adrenergic receptor blockade sufficient to reverse the inhibitory effect of epinephrine on insulin secretion. A significant increase (i.e., 5- to 10-fold) in plasma growth hormone was consistently noted 30–60 min after stopping the infusion of epinephrine. Short-chain fatty acids were demonstrated to stimulate insulin secretion in the newborn lamb, which at birth is monogastric and does not have a functioning forestomach. This result indicates that the capacity of the ruminant to respond to shortchain fa...
Online catalog searching performance and academic achievement and abilities

THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED (1) the relationship of high school students' online catalog search performance and their academic achievement and (2) the relationship of the students' online catalog performance and their verbal, quantitative, and analytical abilities. Thirty-five high school juniors participated in the study. A set of search problems and two standardized tests—the Tests of Proficiency and Achievement (TAP) and the Cognitive Aptitude Test (CogAT)—were used as measuring instruments to assess these relationships. The results of the Pearson correlation indicated a moderate correlation between students' online catalog performance and their general academic performance. A stronger relationship was demonstrated with respect to their writing. It was also found that students' search performances were moderately related to their cognitive abilities, both verbal and nonverbal.
Coriolis coupling and the anomalous rotational isotope effect for CN–H2/D2(j2=1) van der Waals complexes

Abstract Rotational constants for CN( X )–H 2 /D 2 ( j 2 =1), derived from electronic spectra, exhibit an unusually small dependence on H 2 /D 2 isotopic substitution. In the present study, variational bound state calculations were carried out to examine the origin of this effect. A four-dimensional potential energy surface [J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 10380] was used for this model. The results show that the lowest energy rotational manifolds of CN( X )–H 2 /D 2 ( j 2 =1) are significantly influenced by Coriolis state mixing. This perturbation is most pronounced for CN–H 2 , and is identified as the cause of the anomalous isotope effect.
Discussion about the relation between the radiation temperature difference of the Earth's surface and data from satellite picture elements

In the satellite remote sensing the resolution of the satellite image is always a restriction on the obtaining information and it is impossible that the resolution of pixel is unlimitedly raised. In the infrared region, the pixel values in a uniform picture element isn't effected by the resolution of pixel, but it is another case to some non- uniform picture elements. Each pixel value corresponds to the integration by the radiant excitance of the earth's surface inside of the pixel and is associated with not only the area of same radiation temperature but also the value of radiation temperature inside of the element. In this paper, the relationship between the pixel values and the area of same radiation temperature as well as the value of radiation temperature inside of the pixel was presented. A new train of ideas was given for the obtaining more information by today's resolution of pixel. With the help of this result, the monitor of some natural calamities (for example, the forest fire, the flood, the plant diseases and insect pests, etc.) will become much timely and they could be controlled as soon as possible.
Solvable approximate model for the harmonic radiation from atoms subjected to oscillatory electric fields

We develop a nonperturbative model for the response of atomic electrons to oscillating external electric fields, valid in the physical regime where the central electric force is well described by an inverse square law and where the driven oscillations preserve the principal quantum number. We use the model to calculate the odd-harmonic electric-dipole radiation from a single atom driven by a laser field. The exact time-dependent eigensolutions of the model illustrate Zel’dovich’s concept of quasi-energy for sinusoidally time-dependent Hamiltonians. The validity and applicability of the model and suggested improvements are briefly discussed.
Outcomes of Revisional Treatment Modalities in Non-Complicated Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Patients with Weight Regain

Background Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment modality for severe obesity. Failure of weight loss and/or weight regain due to lack of restriction has been reported in long-term follow-up studies. The aim of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of reestablishing the restrictive component of the operation by trimming the pouch and/or anastomosis for pouch and/or anastomotic enlargement using a laparoscopic approach.
Capillaries and arterioles are electrically coupled in hamster cheek pouch

In this report we demonstrate electrical communication in the microcirculation between arterioles and capillary networks in situ. Microvessel networks in the hamster cheek pouch, which included cap...
Fast thyratron driver

A fast solid-state pulse generator used as a thyratron grid driver for kicker pulsers, has been developed and built with power MOSFETs and a transmission line transformer. The MOSFET, pulsed on and off by a pair of P-N channel HEXFETs, switches charged capacitors into the transformer connected in parallel on one end and in series on the other end to step up the voltage. The resulting output pulse parameters are 2-kV peak (into 50 Omega ), 13-ns, risetime (10-90%), 250-ns duration, and less than 50-ps pulse-to-pulse jitter. Various methods are employed to protect the MOSFETs from thyratron arc back, including the use of TransZorbs and a magnetic diode. >
Diagnostic mycoserology by immunoelectroosmophoresis: a general, rapid, and sensitive microtechnic.

Immunoelectroosmophoresis was adapted as a rapid and sensitive microtechnic for differential detection of serum antibodies to several fungal and farmer's lung antigens. Multiple sets of wells were cut into agarose gels prepared on large glass microscope slides. Patients' sera in anodic wells with test antigens in opposing cathodic wells were electrophoresed for 90 min. Slides were examined for precipitin lines, then stained and dried for permanent reference. This technic proved more sensitive than conventional immunodiffusion for several of the representative specimens examined, but in no instance was it less sensitive. Because of this sensitivity, the reduction in time required, the small quantities of reagents used, the large number of samples accommodated, and its overall simplicity, immunoelectroosmophoresis should be applicable to routine mycoserology.
Structure Determination of Crosspolymerized Poly (1, 11 - Dodecadiyne).

Electron diffraction patterns were obtained from cross-polymerized crystals of poly(1,11-dodecadiyne), formed by casting thin (>200A) films of uncrosspolymerized polymer from chloroform. Two orientations of these crystals were obtained by varying the evaporation rate of the chloroform solvent. Crosspolymerization resulted from subsequent exposure of these samples to Co60 γ-radiation. Thirty-six independent reflections were obtained from the a*c* reciprocal lattice net and a lattice net have b* and the (h 0 ħ) reciprocal lattice direction as orthogonal axes. Refinement of the structure was accomplished with these data. The unit cell of the crosspolymerized material was monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 9.17A, b (hydrocarbon chain axis and unique axis) = 12.25A, c (polydiacetylene axis) = 9.92A and the angle β = 123.5°.
Modeling and Simulation of a Helicopter-Mounted SATCOM Antenna Array

A seven-element helicopter-mounted microstrip-patch switched-beam antenna array for satellite communications (SATCOM) is described. The performance of the array antenna was simulated. A prototype was constructed, and measurements of the antenna's patterns were made. The effects of the blades of the helicopter on the patterns of the antenna were investigated. Fluctuations of 10 dB or more in magnitude due to the effects of the blades were observed in the patterns.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SKIN POTENTIAL, SKIN RESISTANCE AND SWEATING OF THE CAT'S FOOT PAD

A study was made of the skin potential (SP), skin resistance (SR), and sweating of the cat's foot pad. Since many of the variables studied had previously been investigated in humans, comparable data were obtained. The characteristics of SP and SR of the cat are similar to those of humans, except that in cats, SP responses have a shorter latency than SR responses, and variation of the SP basal potential resulting from induction of a voltage between the SP electrodes has no effect on the amplitude or wave form of SP responses. Dissociation produced by arterial occlusion and procaine injection around the nerve suggest that SP responses of the cat are innervated by different nerve fibers than those which lead to the sweat glands.
The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development

Thriving markets require not only an appropriately designed economic system, but a secure political foundation that limits the ability of the state to confiscate wealth. This requires a form of limited government, that is, political institutions that credibly commit the state to honor economic and political rights. This article studies how limited government arose in the developed West, focusing on the critical role of federalism for protecting markets in both England and the United States. Federalism proved fundamental to the impressive economic rise of England in the 18th century and the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The article also shows that federalism underpins the spectacular economic growth in China over the past 15 years. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
Effect of Control Surface-Fuselage Inertial Coupling on Hypersonic Vehicle Flight Dynamics

A simulation framework is developed for assessing the eect of control surface inertial loads on hypersonic vehicle response. The framework is based on a partitioned, timemarching approach in which the fuselage and control surface equations of motion are integrated independently and forces/motion at the interface are exchanged between the two systems at pre-determined time intervals. This approach is advantageous in that it does not require direct coupling of the fuselage and control surface models, and therefore allows for the models to be of dissimilar form. Equations of motion for both the fuselage and control surface are presented and a formulation for coupling the two systems is outlined which includes iterations within each aeroelastic time step. The methodology is applied to a representative hypersonic vehicle elevator control surface model which includes aerothermoelastic eects and is attached to a single degree of freedom oscillator representing the fuselage. Results show that control surface inertial eects lead to a departure of the instantaneous control surface lift force by up to a factor of eight with respect to the static value. Investigation of the system response under a commanded change in control surface deection angle shows that control surface inertia results in departure of the instantaneous control surface pitching moment by up to a factor of 500 with respect to the static value.
Efficient broadcast with forward node set in clustered mobile ad hoc networks

The clustered architecture of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) has the virtue of keeping the node information locally which is suitable for scalability. Reducing broadcast redundancy can avoid the broadcast storm problem and save scarce resources such as bandwidth and energy. We propose an approach that chooses a subset of nodes, called forward node set, to relay the broadcast packet. Each clusterhead computes its forward node set that connects its adjacent clusterheads. A non-clusterhead node just relays the broadcast packet if it is selected as a forward node or else it does nothing. Therefore, the broadcast operation can be restricted only to clusterheads and nodes in locally selected forward node sets. We also utilize the information of clusterheads that are piggybacked with the broadcast packet to further reduce each forward node set. Simulation shows its performance improvement against other broadcast algorithms.
Environmental stimulation, parental nurturance and cognitive development in humans

The effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance on brain development have been studied extensively in animals. Much less is known about the relations between childhood experience and cognitive development in humans. Using a longitudinally collected data set with ecologically valid in-home measures of childhood experience and later in-laboratory behavioral measures of cognitive ability, we were able to test hypotheses concerning the effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance. A double dissociation was found: On the one hand, there was a selective relation between parental nurturance and memory development, consistent with the animal literature on maternal buffering of stress hormone effects on hippocampal development. On the other hand, there was a selective relation between environmental stimulation and language development. The relevance of these findings to socioeconomic gradients in cognitive ability is discussed.
Synthesis and Serotonin Receptor Affinities of a Series of trans-2-(Indol-3-yl)cyclopropylamine Derivatives

A series of four racemic ring-substituted trans-2-(indol-3-yl)cyclopropylamine derivatives was synthesized and tested for affinity at the 5-HT1A receptor, by competition with [3H]-8-OH-DPAT in rat hippocampal homogenates, and for affinity at the agonist-labeled cloned human 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. None of the compounds had high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor, with the 5-methoxy substitution being most potent (40 nM). At the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor isoforms, most of the compounds lacked high affinity. At the 5-HT2C receptor, however, affinities were considerably higher. The 5-fluoro-substituted compound was most potent, with a Ki at the 5-HT2C receptor of 1.9 nM. In addition, the 1R,2S-(-) and 1S,2R-(+) enantiomers of the unsubstituted compound were also evaluated at the 5-HT2 isoforms. While the 1R,2S enantiomer had higher affinity at the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B sites, the 1S,2R isomer had highest affinity at the 5-HT2C receptor. This reversal of stereoselectivity may offer leads to the development of a selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist. The cyclopropylamine moiety therefore appears to be a good strategy for rigidification of the ethylamine side chain only for tryptamines that bind to the 5-HT2C receptor isoform.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Complete Surgical Resection After 18 Years

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm often associated with an aggressive biological behavior. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy for ACC and offers the best chance for prolonged disease-free survival. We present an unusual case of a long-standing adrenal mass, well documented over a period of at least 18 years, without the development of metastatic disease, and ultimately proven to represent ACC after successful surgical resection. Physicians should be aware that ACC can present with a wide spectrum of biological behavior, from very aggressive to more indolent disease.
Broadband extinction of core-shell microspheres

Broad-band, mass-normalized extinction cross-sections up to 1m2/g are demonstrated using chemically modified gold fractal nanostructures grown on silica microparticles.
Exploring responsible property investing: a survey of American executives

Property is an important part of modern economies with significant social and environmental consequences. As a result, practitioners and scholars have begun focusing on the social responsibility and sustainability of property investors. This paper expands that work by examining Responsible Property Investing among investment organizations in the United States. Responsible Property Investing is defined as efforts that go beyond compliance with minimum legal requirements to better manage the environmental, social, and governance issues associated with property investing. A survey of senior American executives finds that most organizations are going beyond compliance, implementing management strategies and investing in properties that are consistent with Responsible Property Investment principles. Most executives also place their organization beyond compliance in a Responsible Property Investing stage model. Business concerns are the leading drivers and impediments. Among the various types of organizations studied, pension funds, foundations and endowments lag behind others in implementing Responsible Property Investing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Genetic analysis of the larval optic nerve projection in Drosophila

The Drosophila larval optic nerve, called Bolwig’s nerve (BN), projects into the central brain along a simple invariant path. The growth of the BN proceeds in three phases, during which the nerve changes direction at two intermediate targets, P1 and P2. Here we show that the projection of the BN is amenable to genetic dissection. In a mutagenesis screen, we have isolated mutations in 13 genes that disrupt the BN projection in distinct phases of its development. The mutant phenotypes in combination with the expression patterns of corresponding candidate genes define cellular components necessary for directing the growth of the BN toward P2 and for redirecting its growth at P2, and reveal developmental strategies employed in the establishment of the BN projection. SUMMARY
New Ways to Prove Central Limit Theorems

This paper describes some techniques for proving asymptotic normality of statistics defined by maximization of random criterion function. The techniques are based on a combination of recent results from the theory of empirical processes and a method of Huber for the study of maximum likelihood estimators under nonstandard conditions.
Absolute quantitation of myocardial activity in phantoms

The authors have developed a new technique for compensating myocardial SPECT images for partial volume errors using coregistered X-ray CT images. The CT-derived myocardial mass defines a template that can be assigned unit activity and mathematically projected with a realistic physical model of the radionuclide imaging process including non-ideal collimation and incorporating an object-specific attenuation map from CT. The template projections then are reconstructed using the SPECT reconstruction algorithm to obtain a pixel-by-pixel partial-volume correction for the myocardial SPECT image. Experiments in phantoms demonstrate that this technique substantially improves the absolute quantitation of myocardial radionuclide concentration, reducing the accuracy error from approximately 50% to less than 8%. This method also can by used for correcting background effects such as "spill-in" of background counts from uptake in the liver.
Intakes of apple juice, fruit drinks and soda are associated with prevalent asthma in US children aged 2–9 years

Objective High soft drink consumption has been linked with asthma. Anecdotal evidence links high-fructose corn syrup with asthma. The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has emerged as a mediator of asthma. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) assess the correlation between intake of beverages containing excess free fructose (EFF beverages) and asthma in children; and (ii) epidemiologically test the mechanistic hypothesis that intake of high EFF beverages, such as apple juice or beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup, is associated with increased risk of asthma. This hypothesis is based on the possible effect of increases in the in situ intestinal formation of advanced glycation end products (enFruAGE) with EFF, which may be absorbed and play a role in RAGE-mediated asthma. Design We examined cross-sectional associations between beverage intake and self-reported current or history of asthma. Exposure variables were EFF beverages, including apple juice (AJ), non-diet soft drinks (ndSD) and fruit drinks (FD). Orange juice (OJ), not an EFF beverage, was included as a comparison. Rao-Scott χ(2) analysis was used for prevalence differences and logistic regression for associations, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI and total energy intake. Setting Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006, a nationally representative survey. Subjects US children (n 1961) aged 2-9 years with complete responses on the dietary frequency questionnaire. Results Intakes of EFF beverages were significantly associated with asthma in 2-9-year-olds. Adjusted odds of asthma in children consuming EFF beverages ≥5 times/week was more than five times that in children consuming these beverages ≤1 time/month (OR=5·29, P=0·012). Children consuming AJ ≥5 times/week v. ≤1 time/month, adjusted for the other beverages, were more than twice as likely to have asthma (OR=2·43, P=0·035). In contrast, there was a tendency for OJ to be protective. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that intake of high EFF beverages, including AJ and beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup, is associated with asthma in children aged 2-9 years. Results support the mechanistic hypothesis that enFruAGE may be an overlooked contributor to asthma in children. Longitudinal studies are needed to provide evidence of causal association.
Müller Cell Cone, an Overlooked Part of the Anatomy of the Fovea Centralis: Hypotheses Concerning Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Macular Hole and Foveomacular Retinoschisis

Poorly recognized by anatomists and pathologists is the cone-shaped zone of Muller cells that composes the central and inner part of the fovea centralis. The importance of these cells in the structural integrity of the macula, as a repository for xanthophyll, and in the pathogenesis of macular diseases, particularly regarding idiopathic macular hole and foveomacular schisis, is hypothesized.
CB1 receptors mediate rimonabant-induced pruritic responses in mice: investigation of locus of action.

Rationale Cannabinoids have recently been identified as potential neuronal modulators of pruritic response, representing a potential target in the treatment of itch associated with a variety of pathophysiologic conditions. While the selective CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant is an established pruritic agent in both animal and clinical testing, its receptor mechanism of action and anatomical loci remain unclear.
Online Tool to Improve Stratification of Adverse Events in Stroke Clinical Trials

Background and Purpose— Knowing characteristic adverse events (AEs) and their incidence among patients participating in acute stroke trials may assist interpretation of future studies. We aimed to develop an online tool to inform stroke trial safety. Methods— We identified relevant AEs from patients within the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA), using receiver operating characteristic principles. We modeled their incidence on patient age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and comorbidities using binary logistic regression. Models with an R 2 >5% were deemed powerful enough to predict expected AE incidences and were included. The calculator was developed using programs R and Visual Studios. Results— Forty-eight of the most common AEs were identified and incorporated into the Isch AE mic Stroke Calculator. The calculator, publicly available at calculates the expected incidence of AEs or groups of AEs in a trial cohort and where possible compares them with the observed incidence. Conclusions— The Isch AE mic Stroke Calculator is an open access resource to support safety interpretation within acute stroke trials. Prediction of AEs with higher likelihood of occurrence may direct preventive clinical measures.
The baculovirus-infected insect cell as a eukaryotic gene expression system.

Baculovirus-infected insect cell cultures are established as an easily manipulated eukaryotic system for highly efficient expression of gene products. The system takes advantage of several unique attributes of this virus group, including highly active late gene promoters, the capacity for insertion of large fragments of foreign DNA, replication competence of the resulting recombinants, and the relative ease of handling both the insect cell cultures and the viruses.
A ureteric bud cell line induces nephrogenesis in two steps by two distinct signals.

Nephrons develop from mesenchymal cells that have contacted the ureteric bud (UB). To determine whether cell associated or secreted ureteric molecules induce the mesenchyme, we have isolated UB cel...
Development of a 15 T Nb3Sn accelerator dipole demonstrator at Fermilab

100 TeV scale Hadron Collider (HC) with a nominal operation field of at least 15 T is being considered for the post-LHC era, which requires using the $Nb_3Sn$ technology. Practical demonstration of this field level in an accelerator-quality magnet and substantial reduction of the magnet costs are the key conditions for realization of such a machine. FNAL has started the development of a 15 T Nb3Sn dipole demonstrator for a 100 TeV scale HC. The magnet design is based on 4-layer shell type coils, graded between the inner and outer layers to maximize the performance and reduce the cost. The experience gained during the Nb3Sn magnet R&D is applied to different aspects of the magnet design. This paper describes the magnetic and structural designs and parameters of the 15 T Nb3Sn dipole and the steps towards the demonstration model fabrication.
ENDOMETRIOSIS IN LEBANON A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

To explore some of the risk factors for endometriosis, the authors compared 170 cases with 170 age-matched controls similarly undergoing laparoscopy at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between 1979 and 1981. The findings include a positive association with first-class admissions (odds ratio = 2.77) and a negative association with parity and gravidity. Both associations are consistent with the findings of other studies. There was no association with occupational status, nationality, religion, marital status, or past medical history.
Harnessing the innate immune system to treat cancer: enhancement of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity with anti-CD137 Ab

Background: Monoclonal antibodies are an invaluable therapeutic class when it comes to cancer therapy. One of the primary mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of monoclonal antibodies is antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Innate immune effector cells play important roles in generating and maintaining antitumor immunity to enhance ADCC. Methods: Efficacy of anti-CD137 mAb was examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Clinical trials of anti-CD137 mAb are also on-going. Results: CD137 is a costimulatory receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. CD137 is expressed on T cell, activated NK cells and other immune cells. We recently showed that an agonistic anti-CD137 mAb activates NK cells, resulting in increased ADCC against cancer cells. Anti-CD137 agonistic mAb therapy may both increase ADCC due to mAb-activated NK cells and promote the proliferation and cytotoxicity of antigen-specific T cells induced by mAb treatment. Conclusions: We discuss some of the promising strategies that could potentially enhance ADCC with anti-CD137 mAbs.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance of Rice Variety Aichi 106 to Rice Stripe Disease

Aichi 106 is an elite rice variety introduced from Japan with Stvb-i gene resistant to rice stripe.In this study,Aichi 106 was crossed with Chinese rice sensitive varieties Jinlingxiangnuo,Wuyujing 3 and Wujing 15.The field resistance of rice stripe of F1 and F2 progeny of the crosses was investigated.F1s were highly resistant with some differences in degrees among them.The resistant and sensitive plants of F2 populations accorded with the proportion of 3∶1.It could be elucidated that the resistance in Aichi 106 was controlled by a single nuclear gene and was dominant inheritance compared to susceptibility.Dominant degrees in F1s might relate to the genetic backgrounds of their susceptible parents.
401 ARE RACIAL DISPARITIES IN IMMUNIZATION RATES DUE TO REDUCED ACCESS TO CARE

Background Black children are less likely to be up-to-date on immunizations and also have decreased access to care. Objective Does reduced number of visits for immunizations by black children explain reduced immunization rates when compared to all other races? Methods Data from the 2002 National Immunization Survey (NIS), a nationally representative sample survey, were used to examine visits for vaccination of children between 19-35 months old. Up-to-date (UTD) immunization was defined as 4 DTaP: 3 HepB: 1 MMR: 3 Hib: 3 IPV. The predictors were total number of immunization visits dates for these vaccines and race/ethnicity. Confounder variables included poverty status and age at first DTaP. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design. We performed means, t-test, linear and logistic regression analyses utilizing SAS 9.0 and Stata 8.0. Results The overall mean number of vaccination visits in 2002 was 5.89 (95% CI 5.85, 5.93). At 6.02 visits (5.97, 6.06), white children had more visits than black (5.61; 5.51, 5.71) or Hispanic children (5.73; 5.64, 5.82). Among children who were UTD, white children had significantly more visits at 6.35 (6.31, 6.39) compared to black (6.11; 6.02, 6.21) or Hispanic (6.12; 6.05, 6.20) children. Black children had more vaccines per visit than white children. In multivariable models, race and number of visits were significant independent predictors of being UTD even when controlling for poverty status and age at first DTaP. Conclusion Minority children had fewer visits for immunizations and more vaccines per visit even when fully immunized than white children. Black children are better immunized than would be expected for the number of immunization visits. Access to care is a critical component of ensuring immunization as well as other critical aspects of care for minority children.
Impact of Bug-in-Ear Professional Development on Early Childhood Co-Teachers’ Use of Communication Strategies:

The goal of this study was to build the capacity of early childhood teachers to implement evidence-based strategies. We investigated the efficacy of professional development with bug-in-ear peer coaching in improving teachers’ use of communication strategies, the teachers’ maintenance of strategies post intervention, and the social validity of the intervention. Four early childhood co-teacher dyads participated in the single-case design study. Data were analyzed through visual analysis and masked visual analysis. Results indicate that three of the four teacher dyads increased the frequency with which they used the strategies, with one dyad sustaining their use of targeted strategies post intervention. All teachers perceived that the intervention had positive effects on their children and indicated that bug-in-ear peer coaching was an acceptable form of professional development. Nonetheless, implications for research and practice are discussed to ensure that performance-based feedback is as meaningful as p...
Effects of Membrane Mobility on Microtubule Gliding

Motor proteins, discovered in recent decades, are important building blocks to life. These molecular machines transport cargo and although indispensable to cell function, are not well understood at present. Single kinesin transport properties have been documented, but their group function remains unknown. In this project, the properties of kinesin-based transport by multiple motors is investigated in-vitro to establish a link between travel velocity and lipid membrane diffusion. In our experiments, silica slides are coated in a supported lipid membrane, this membrane is then embedded with kinesin motors that will support microtubules. To measure the diffusion properties of different membranes, planar lipid bilayers are prepared on silica slides and supported by bovine serum albumin protein and assessed using Fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching. We have identified motor velocity evolution with respect to the fluidity of the membrane indicating interplay between group travel function and membrane fluidity.
A 60-GHz Dual-Vector Doherty Beamformer

In this paper, we demonstrate a 60-GHz transmit beamformer implemented in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology which includes a Doherty amplifier driven by a dual-vector phase rotator (DVR). In addition, a benchmarking circuit comprising another DVR followed by two class-AB amplifiers, each nearly identical to the carrier amplifier within the Doherty, is included which allows us to measure the Doherty improvement in terms of efficiency and output power over conventional approaches. The dual-vector Doherty element achieves 28-dB gain with an output 1-dB compression point of +16.7 dBm. A power-added efficiency (PAE) of 16.5% is realized at 1-dB compression, with 10.8% and 7% PAE at 3- and 6-dB back-off, respectively. A stand-alone Doherty amplifier achieves a 17.1-dBm output 1-dB compression point at 23.7% PAE and a 6-dB back-off PAE of 13%. The DVR performs the phase shifting for each phased-array element necessary for beamforming, as well as providing tunable amplitude balance and phase separation between input signals to the Doherty amplifier. This allows optimization of both linearity and efficiency profiles across frequency. The Doherty element is capable of generating full 360° phase shifts with 5-b accuracy having root-mean-squared errors less than 0.6 dB in amplitude and 6° in phase from 60 to 66 GHz.
An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element formulation for a poroelasticity problem stemming from mixture theory

Abstract A finite element formulation is developed for a poroelastic medium consisting of an incompressible hyperelastic skeleton saturated by an incompressible fluid. The governing equations stem from mixture theory and the application is motivated by the study of interstitial fluid flow in brain tissue. The formulation is based on the adoption of an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) perspective. We focus on a flow regime in which inertia forces are negligible. The stability and convergence of the formulation is discussed, and numerical results demonstrate agreement with the theory.
An Alternative Technique for Undiverting the Sigmoid Conduit

Abstract A technique for undiverting a colonic conduit of limited capacity and with short ureters is described. The colonic segment of the conduit and an additional segment of small bowel are patched together to form a low pressure cystoplasty of large capacity. This technique incorporates 3 principles that are believed to be important in reconstructing any type of cystoplasty: 1) large capacity, 2) increase in diameter and 3) disruption of the strong circular muscle layer of the bowel by detubularization.
Pediatric Skin Failure

Background The phenomenon of skin failure as distinct from pressure ulcers has been documented in the adult literature. However, in the pediatric population, skin injury continues to be grouped indiscriminately as various types of pressure ulcers. Objective To identify and describe the phenomenon of skin failure in critically ill children. Methods Retrospective chart review of 19 patients who had serious skin injuries develop. Organ dysfunction scores, medications, pressure ulcer prevention techniques used, and laboratory values in the 7 days leading up to the development of a skin lesion were evaluated. Results At the start of the evaluation period, all patients (N = 19) had pressure ulcer prevention measures in place before the development of a serious skin injury. All of the skin lesions were full-thickness injuries on the day they were identified (as opposed to the more gradual progression from simple to complex skin injuries typically seen in pressure ulcers). As predicted, 18 of 19 patients had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the week leading up to the skin injury. All patients with MODS had at least 2 dysfunctional systems, and 12 patients had 4 or more dysfunctional systems. Of the 19 patients, 8 (42%) progressed to death, compared with 1.8% in our general pediatric intensive care unit population. Conclusion Although the traditional paradigm is that pressure ulcers are preventable, a subset of pressure ulcers in critically ill children may actually represent acute skin failure as a consequence of MODS.
Successes and Continued Challenges of Electronic Health Records for Chronic Disease Surveillance.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses an article in the journal which deals with the use of electronic health records (EHRs) for chronic disease surveillance in places such as Massachusetts, and it mentions New York, New York's EHR system and American health departments.
A locking compression plate versus the gold-standard non-locking plate with lag screw for first metatarsophalangeal fusion: A biomechanical comparison.

Abstract Introduction The treatment of end-stage first metatarso-phalangeal joint (MTP) arthritis has been arthrodesis. A dorsal non-locking plate with a lag screw has been the standard traditional fixation method. This study compares the biomechanical strength of a locking compression plate (LCP) with and without internal compression versus this known gold standard. Methods In group 1, six matched pairs of cadaver great toes were used to compare the standard non-locking dorsal plate and 3.5 mm lag screw to an anatomic locking compression plate in which a lag screw was utilized rather than the internal compression features of the plate. In group 2, another six matched pairs of cadaver great toes were used to compare the gold standard to the locking compression plate, utilizing the plate’s internal compression feature instead of a lag screw. A material testing system (MTS) machine applied loads to the MTP joints and measured displacement and stiffness of the constructs. The stiffness of the constructs (Young’s modulus) was calculated from the force-displacement curves, and the displacement was measured. Results The locking compression plate group that used the compression features of the plate, without the lag screw, had less joint displacement and higher stiffness than control (p Discussion The results suggest that a locking compression plate alone provides the stiffest construct for a first MTP joint fusion.
Sub-15 nm nanowires enabled by cryo pulsed self-aligned nanotrench ablation on carbon nanotubes

Nanopatterning of features at current technology nodes requires expensive deep UV lithography or low throughput electron beam lithography. Here we demonstrate a modification of carbon nanotube (CNT) enabled self-aligned nanotrench ablation (SANTA) to achieve sub-15 nm dimensions for metal patterning. The technique utilizes nanoscale thermal transport within a typical polymer, in this case, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) at cryogenic ambient temperatures (−120°C) for definition of highly scaled features. The technique shows promise for nanofabrication below sub-10 nm dimensions.
Effect of GCAA stabilizing loops on three- and four-way intramolecular junctions.

Tetraloops are a common way of changing the melting behavior of a DNA or RNA structure without changing the sequence of the stem. Because of the ubiquitous nature of tetraloops, our goal is to understand the effect a GCAA tetraloop, which belongs to the GNRA family of tetraloops, has on the unfolding thermodynamics of intramolecular junctions. Specifically, we have described the melting behavior of intramolecular three-way and four-way junctions where a T5 loop has been replaced with a GCAA tetraloops in different positions. Their thermodynamic profiles, including ΔnNa+ and ΔnW, were analyzed based on the position of the tetraloop. We obtained between -16.7 and -27.5 kcal mol-1 for all junctions studied. The experimental data indicates the influence of the GCAA tetraloop is primarily dictated by the native unfolding of the junction; if the tetraloop is placed on a stem that unfolds as a single domain when the tetraloop is not present, it will unfold as a single domain when the tetraloop is present but with a higher thermal stability. Conversely, if the tetraloop is placed on a stem which unfolds cooperatively with other stems when the tetraloop is not present, the tetraloop will increase the thermal stability of all the stems in the melting domain. The oligonucleotide structure and not the tetraloop itself affects ion uptake; three-way junctions do not gain an increase in ion uptake, but four-way junctions do. This is not the case for water immobilization, where the position of the tetraloop dictates the amount of water immobilized.
Concomitant Use of Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: What Do Recent Clinical Trials Teach Us?

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are among the most common cardiovascular diseases. A significant proportion of patients have both CHD and AF and are at increased risk for thrombotic complications. Current therapy for CHD and AF includes antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, respectively. Patients with concurrent CHD and AF may be prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in addition to anticoagulation, which increases their bleeding risk. Controversy remains on how to balance risks and benefits in patients with CHD and AF in which multiple antithrombotic therapies may be indicated. We review clinical trials and current guidelines for antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in CHD and AF. Aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors are the mainstay of antiplatelet therapy. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the most commonly used anticoagulant, although the use of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with AF is increasing. Recent studies provide guidance on how to address antithrombotic therapies in patients with concomitant CHD and AF. To date, we have evidence that in patients with AF who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), clopidogrel with VKA may be used safely without aspirin. Also, low-dose rivaroxaban in combination with either clopidogrel only or DAPT is as effective as the traditional regimen of triple therapy with VKA and DAPT with lower bleeding risk. Dabigatran with a P2Y12 inhibitor was also found to be safe with less bleeding compared to triple therapy with VKA and DAPT. Use of a single antiplatelet agent with anticoagulation has become a viable choice in patients with CHD and AF, but more clinical trial data is needed to confirm therapy and duration regimens.
The effect of nutrient storage on courtship behavior and copulation frequency in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster

Nutrient storage and metabolism effects on reproductive behavior are well studied in higher vertebrates like mammals, but are less understood in simpler systems. Drosophila melanogaster is well suited to study the ramifications of diet and metabolic energy storage on reproductive behaviors as they are commonly used to explore energy mobilization pathways. We tested, for the first time, courtship of the naturally occurring adipose (adp60) mutant which over-accumulates triglycerides and glycogen on a normal diet. We also fed wild type (WT) flies either a normal diet, high fat diet or food deprived them before measuring courtship, copulations, and glycogen and triglyceride levels. Adipose mutants decreased both courtship and copulation frequency, yet showed the highest glycogen and triglyceride levels. We suggest the adp60 physique and/or an altered ability to utilize mobilize energy explains these effects. Food deprived WT flies had the lowest glycogen and triglycerides but exhibited shortened courtship latencies with increased courtship behaviors. This may be due to a decreased lifespan of food deprived flies leading to a greater reproductive drive. However, high fat fed flies copulated more frequently and had the highest triglycerides among WT groups, yet equal glycogen levels to the normal fed WT group. Thus, a high fat diet either increases male attractivity or male courtship persistence. Taken together, available diet and nutrient storage affects male fly reproductive behavior in a unique manner, which may be explained by their natural history, and provides a paradigm for understanding energetics based on reproductive potential.
MELD-Na Score as a Predictor of Anastomotic Leak in Elective Colorectal Surgery.

Abstract Background For cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD-Na) model is extensively studied. Because of the simplicity of the scoring system, there has been interest in applying MELD-Na to predict patient outcomes in the noncirrhotic surgical patient, and MELD-Na has been shown to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality after elective colectomy. Our aim was to identify the utility of MELD-Na to predict anastomotic leak in elective colorectal cases. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program targeted colectomy database was queried (2012-2014) for all elective colorectal procedures in patients without ascites. Leak rates were compared by MELD-Na score using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results We identified 44,540 elective colorectal cases (mean age, 60.5 y ± 14.4, mean body mass index 28.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2, 52% female), of which 70% were colon resections and 30% involved partial rectal resections (low anterior resections). Laparoscopic approach accounted for 64.72% while 35.3% were open. The overall complication and mortality rates were 21% and 0.7%, respectively, with a total anastomotic leak rate of 3.4%. Overall, 98% had a preoperative MELD-Na score between 10 and 20. Incremental increases in MELD-Na score (10-14, 15-19, and ≥20) were associated with an increased leak rate, specifically in partial rectal resections (3.9% versus 5.1% versus 10.7% P Conclusions MELD-Na is an independent predictor of anastomotic leak in partial rectal resections. Anastomotic leak risk increases with increasing MELD-Na in elective colorectal resections, as does 30-d mortality and overall complication rate. As MELD-Na score increases to more than 20, restorative partial rectal resection has a 10% rate of anastomotic leak.