cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Science communication: a career where PhDs can make a difference

Among careers for biologists with PhDs, science communication is one of the most diverse and rewarding pathways. Myriad options exist, from traditional journalism to new media, from writing for specialists to working in public outreach. Textbooks, mass-market books, and freelance writing that combines many of these pursuits are all viable choices. Communicating about science allows researchers to step away from the minutiae of a subdiscipline and to once again explore the breadth of science more fully through an ever-evolving array of stories. A doctoral degree can confer distinct advantages in the eyes of prospective editors and employers. Here I describe those advantages, possible career directions, and steps toward making such a transition.
Learning and generalization of characteristic descriptions: evaluation criteria and comparative review of selected methods

Some recent work in area of learning structural descriptions from examples is reviewed in light of the need in many diverse disciplines for programs which can perform conceptual data analysis. Such programs describe complex data interms or logical, functional, and causal relationships which cannot bediscovered using traditional data analysis techniques. Various important aspects of the problem of learning structural are examined and criteria for evaluating current work is presented. Methods published by Buchanan, et. al. [1-3, 20], Hayes-Roth [6-91, and Vere [22-25], are analyzed according tothese criteria and compared to a method developed by the authors. Finally some goals are suggested for future research.
Reconstruction of 3-D dielectric objects from measured data

Electromagnetic inverse scattering has widespread applications in biomedical imaging, nondestructive evaluation, and subsurface sensing. However, in general the inverse scattering problem is nonlinear, ill-posed, and computationally demanding. This is especially true for three-dimensional inverse scattering problems, where there are few demonstrated inverse scattering methods. Furthermore, in many inverse scattering methods, the forward scattering methods are necessary, so the efficiency of forward scattering is also an important issue.
Design trade-offs in high-throughput coherence controllers

Recent research shows that the high occupancy of Coherence Controllers (CCs) is a major performance bottleneck in scalable shared-memory multiprocessors. In this paper, we propose to take microarchitectural enhancements used for microprocessors and apply them to improve the throughput of hardwired CCs. These enhancements are CC support for nonblocking execution, early fetches of directory and L3 information, and superpipelining. Nonblocking execution in the CC reduces stalls by processing subsequent coherence transactions in the presence of misses in the directory cache and tag cache. Early fetching in the CC hides misses in the directory and tag caches and, therefore, also removes stalls. Finally, superpipelining in the CC increases its processing bandwidth. These supports all serve to increase the overall throughput of CCs and improve overall system performance.Using both SPLASH-2 and parallelized SPEC95 applications on detailed simulation models, we show that CCs that support nonblocking execution and superpipelining boost the performance of machines substantially. With these CCs, a 64-processor machine with four nodes of four SMPs per node runs on average 3.56 times faster than if it used conventional CCs. In addition, the machine runs about as fast as a more costly 64-processor machine with sixteen nodes of one SMP per node and the same advanced CCs. This is despite using much less network, chassis, and node hardware. Consequently, with our proposed advanced CCs, we can reduce the system cost signi.cantly without affecting performance.
Citizen Satisfaction with Local Governance: A Test of Individual, Jurisdictional, and City-Specific Explanations

What are the sources of citizen satisfaction with local government? Our answers to this question remain fragmentary due to limits in our tools of investigation which have not been well suited for disentangling individual- and jurisdictional-level determinants of citizens' evaluations and distinguishing these from city-specific effects. We employ a comparison group design to jointly assess three theoretical accounts of the source of satisfaction. The results point to a very understandable account of satisfaction with local government. On the individual's side of the relationship, we find an important role for local government efficacy and attachment to the local community. And on the government,s, our model points to what officials actually do for citizens: provision of some level and quality of services.
Anthills built to order: automating construction with artificial swarms

Social insects build large, complex structures, which emerge through the collective actions of many simple agents acting with no centralized control or preplanning. These natural systems motivate investigating the use of artificial swarms to automate construction or fabrication. The goal is to be able to take an unspecified number of simple robots and a supply of building material, give the system a high-level specification for any arbitrary structure desired, and have a guarantee that it will produce that structure without further intervention. In this thesis I describe such a distributed system for automating construction, in which autonomous mobile robots collectively build user-specified structures from square building blocks. The approach preserves many desirable features of the natural systems, such as considerable parallelism and robustness to factors like robot loss and variable order or timing of actions. Further, unlike insect colonies, it can build particular desired structures according to a high-level design provided by the user. Robots in this system act without explicit communication or cooperation, instead using the partially completed structure to coordinate their actions. This mechanism is analogous to that of stigmergy used by social insects, in which insects take actions that affect the environment, and the environmental state influences further actions. I introduce a framework of extended stigmergy in which building blocks are allowed to store, process or communicate information. Increasing the capabilities of the building material (rather than of the robots) in this way increases the availability of nonlocal structure information. Benefits include significant improvements in construction speed and in ability to take advantage of the parallelism of the swarm. This dissertation describes system design and control rules for decentralized teams of robots that provably build arbitrary solid structures in two dimensions. I present, a hardware prototype, and discuss extensions to more general structures, including those built with multiple block types and in three dimensions. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
AMBEDKAR'S INHERITANCES

B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), the radical Indian anti-caste thinker, left unfinished a critical corpus of works on “Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Ancient India”, a fragment of which was provisionally titled “Essays on the Bhagavad Gita”. This essay engages with that corpus, situating Ambedkar's encounter with the Gita within a much broader twentieth-century political and philosophical concern with the question of tradition and violence. It interrogates the excessive and heterogeneous conceptual impulses that mediate Ambedkar's attempt to retrieve a counterhistory of Indian antiquity. Located as it is in the same Indic neighborhood from which a radical counterhistory of touchability might emerge, the Gita is a particularly fraternal and troubling text for Ambedkar. Yet his responsibility towards the Gita comes to be hinged not upon evasion but rather upon an exaggeration of its hermeneutic power; that is, upon his painstaking inflation of the Gita's willfully modern interest in instituting the universal. Ambedkar's relentless struggle to annihilate this universality of the Gita would have to be founded upon another universality, at once destructive, excessive and counterlegislative. In this unfinished attempt to recuperate the ideality of the universal, this essay asks, does Ambedkar himself become the most thorough modern practitioner of the Gita?
Gaming Democracy: Elite Dominance During Transition and Prospects for Redistribution

Inequality and democracy are far more compatible empirically than predicted by social conflict theory. This paper speaks to this puzzle, identifying the scope conditions under which democratization induces greater redistribution. Because autocrats sometimes have incentives to expropriate economic elites, who lack reliable institutions to protect their rights, elites may prefer democracy to autocratic rule if they can impose roadblocks to redistribution under democracy ex ante. Using global cross-sectional time-series data (1972-2008), we find that only if elites are politically weak during transition, as when there is revolutionary pressure, is there a relationship between democracy and redistribution. Redistribution is also greater if a democratic regime can avoid adopting and operating under a constitution written by outgoing elites and instead create a new constitution that redefines the political game. This finding holds across three different measures of redistribution and instrumental variables estimation. We also document the ways in which elites “bias” democratic institutions.
Quantitative Analysis of Apoptotic Cell Death Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Quantification of apoptotic cell death in vivo has become an important area of investigation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have devised a noninvasive analytical method to estimate the percentage of apoptotic lymphoblasts in doxorubicin-treated Jurkat T-cell ALL cultures, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). We have found that the ratio of the methylene (CH2 ) resonance (at 1.3 ppm) to the methyl (CH3 ) resonance (at 0.9 ppm) signal intensity, as observed by 1H NMR, is directly proportional to the percentage of apoptotic lymphoblasts in vitro. The correlation between the CH2/CH3 signal intensity ratio and the percentage of apoptotic lymphoblasts was optimal 24 to 28 hours after doxorubicin treatment (r2 = .947, N = 27 samples). There was also a direct temporal relationship between an increase in the CH2/CH3 signal intensity ratio and the onset of apoptosis as detected by nuclear morphologic analysis, fluorescein-annexin V flow cytometry, and DNA gel electrophoresis. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed that a dynamic and/or compositional change of the plasma membrane, rather than increases in lipase activity or fatty acid production, appears to account for the increase in the CH2/CH3 signal intensity ratio during apoptosis. 1H NMR may have clinical utility for the early noninvasive assessment of chemotherapeutic efficacy in patients with ALL.
Functional vagal input to chemically identified neurons in pancreatic ganglia as revealed by Fos expression.

The importance of neural elements in the control of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretory functions and their coordination with gastrointestinal, hepatic, and general homeostatic functio...
Assessment of the Sensitivity and Accuracy of Immunochromatographic Test Strips in the Qualitative Detection of Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts

ABSTRACT Despite the availability of several mechanical and chemical methods for aflatoxin detection, most are not accessible to many developing countries. In these developing countries, immunochro...
From Homer to Hegel: Ideas of Law and Culture in the West

This review essay offers a critical appraisal of Donald Kelley’s account of the dialectic of natural law and cultural custom in the Western legal tradition – from the battles between Platonists and Sophists in ancient Greece to the struggle between Enlightenment liberals and the advocates of modern codification. On the strength of his historical analysis, Kelley argues that custom should be elevated as a legitimate source of law, and that social, economic, and idealist interpretations of the Western legal tradition fail to do justice to the role of tradition, custom, and precedent. While commending Kelley’s general thesis, this essay argues that Kelley has deprecated the fundamental role of religious ideas and institutions in the development of the Western legal tradition, has underplayed the real differences in ideas of nature and culture over time and across cultures, and has been far too selective and sometimes skewed in his analysis of relevant historical sources.
Comparison of Attachments in Real-World and Virtual-World Relationships.

Objective: The burgeoning of online social networks raises questions about the quality and value of these interpersonal relationships. The present study employed an established measure of attachment security to compare the nature of individuals’ attachments in virtual-world relationships with those in real-world relationships and also examined the relative strength of attachments in the two types of relationships. Method: Participants were 125 volunteers recruited online who had established relationships in Second Life, a popular virtual world. Participants consented and completed all measures anonymously online. Results: The findings indicate that equally strong attachments are formed in virtual- and real-world relationships; there is modest correspondence in the quality of attachment in the two types of relationship; the strength of attachments in the virtual world is influenced by capacity to immerse oneself in fantasy; duration of the relationship is correlated with strength of attachment in both worl...
Three Active Acquirers

In this case, a money manager is assessing the long-term historical performance of three active acquirers: Symantec, Republic, and U.S. Office Products. The task for the student is to determine why rapid growth by acquisition might not always be good for investors.
Heuristic procedures for the single machine problem to minimize maximum lateness

Abstract Eleven heuristic procedures are presented for sequencing n jobs on one machine to minimize the maximum job lateness when the jobs may have different ready times, processing times, and due dates. The performances of seven procedures that are shown to be representative of all eleven are evaluated on sets of sample problems against optimal solutions derived by a branch-and-bound algorithm. The main measures of each procedure's comparative quality are (1) the mean number of time units by which its solution exceeds the optimal solution and (2) the percentage of times that an optimal sequence is attained. The motivation for employing heuristic procedures is to obtain a sequence that will provide a satisfactory practical response to real world scheduling problems with minimum computational effort.
For S. M. A.

The first function I handled as a licensed bartender was a high school’s ten year reunion. This was when I was living in Carrollton, Georgia. I had just started working at this place called the Pap...
Expression of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 in the HIV-infected Subjects

Objective To probe the relativity of the SR-PSOX/CXCL16 and the high incidence cancer and cardiovascular disease of the HIV infected by the research of the SR-PSOX/CXCL16 in the HIV-infected subjects. Methods HIV infected patients without clinical symptom of HIV disease (named as the infected group) and HIV uninfected person (called as the control group) were allocated. ELISA was adopted to detect the levels of the peripheral blood SR-PSOX/CXCL16. Meanwhile,the level of CD4 was tested by flow cytometry from the blood preparation of the infected person.The virus load was tested from part of the patients. The differences between HIV infected group and control group, the infected patients who were under treatment and who were not was ascertained. The differences of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 between patients with and without treatment,between patients with different avenue of infection,between patients with different sex were compared in HIV infected group and control group. While the relevance between SR-PSOX/CXCL16 and CD4+cells counts,virus load,age of HIV infectors were compared also.Results The SR-PSOX/CXCL16 expressions level in HIV infected group was higher than that in the control group(P0.001).There was no marked difference of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 between the infected patients who were under treatment and who were not, neither the differences of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 between different channels of infection and the opposite sex(P all0.05). The CD4 cells counting (r=0.199),virus load (r=0.017),age (r=0.031) and SR-PSOX/CXCL16 had no relationship (P all0.05). Conclusion The SR-PSOX/CXCL16 of the HIV infected persons is higher than in the control group. It may be associated with high incidence cancer and cardiovascular disease of the HIV infected.And the SR-PSOX/CXCL16 expression level has nothing to do with the treatment or the routes of infection,sexuality,age,or the progression of disease.
Study on the Relationship Between Cold Hardiness and Leaf Anatomy of Thirteen Walnut Cultivars in Seedling

3 species,13 walnut cultivars in seedling were used as experimental materials.Leaf tissue structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation,analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis,and comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance for each variety was done by subordinate function.The results showed that organizational structure loose degree,spongy tissue and leaf thickness were the main factors related to the hardiness;the cold resistance for 13 cultivars was in order of‘Liaohe No 4'‘Wen 185'‘Xinxin No 2'‘Tibet walnut'‘Tie walnut'‘Maisuihutou'‘Yunxin 301'‘Yunxin Gaoyuan'‘Yunxin 306'‘Yunxin Yunlin'‘Yangbipao Hetao'‘Yangjiang'‘Yangza No.1';the cold resistance for 3 species was in order of Juglans regiaJuglans hopeiensisJuglans sigillata.
Targeted feature dropout for robust slot filling in natural language understanding.

In slot filling with conditional random field (CRF), the strong current word and dictionary features tend to swamp the effect of contextual features, a phenomenon also known as feature undertraining. This is a dangerous tradeoff especially when training data is small and dictionaries are limited in its coverage of the entities observed during testing. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective solution that extends the feature dropout algorithm, directly aiming at boosting the contribution from entity context. We show with extensive experiments that the proposed technique can significantly improve the robustness against unseen entities, without degrading performance on entities that are either seen or exist in the dictionary.
Parallelism in Logic Programs

Execution of a logic program begins when the user provides an initial goal statement. The interpreter computes values for variables of the goal through a series of resolutions. If the null clause can be derived, the substitutions used in the derivation provide values for the variables of the initial goal. The execution can be represented as a goal tree, where multiple descendants of a node indicate a choice of clauses for resolving the goal at that node.
Recent Advances in Pillared Clays and Group IV Metal Phosphates

The smectite family of clays swell in water and are thus able to exchange large cations such as [Al13O4(OH)24·12 H2O]7+ and [Zr(OH)2·4 H2O] 4 8+ . These ions act as pillars to prop open the clay layers thus creating porous structures. Pores larger than those possible in zeolites have been measured in the propped clays. Thus, their potential for the cracking of the heavy gas-oil fraction of petroleum has been examined.
Metabolomics‐identified metabolites associated with body mass index and prospective weight gain among Mexican American women

SummaryObjective Obesity is a metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking metabolic profiles and weight gain are largely unknown. Methods Here, we used semi-targeted metabolomics to assay 156 metabolites selected from 25 key metabolic pathways in plasma samples from 300 non-smoking healthy women identified from Mano-A-Mano, the Mexican American Cohort study. The study subjects were randomly divided into two cohorts: training (N = 200) and testing (N = 100) cohorts. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) at baseline on metabolite levels and the effects of metabolites on significant weight gain during a 5-year follow-up. Results At baseline, we observed 7 metabolites significantly associated with BMI in both training and testing cohorts. They were Methyl succinate, Asparagine, Urate, Kynurenic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, and Serine. In further analysis, we identified 6 metabolites whose levels at baseline predicted significant weight gain during 5-year follow-up in both cohorts. They were Acetylcholine, Leucine, Hippuric acid, Acetylglycine, Urate, and Xanthine. Conclusions The findings establish the baseline metabolic profiles for BMI, and suggest new metabolic targets for researchers attempting to understand the molecular mechanisms of weight gain and obesity.
Photoacoustic imaging of stimuli-responsive red blood cell drug delivery agents

Long circulation lifetime, large therapeutic payload, and inherent biocompatibility make engineered red blood cells (RBC) an attractive therapeutic delivery agent. However, drug release from conventional RBC carriers is diffusion limited and cannot be spatiotemporally controlled, thereby precluding targeted delivery to specific tissues. We have developed modified RBC carriers intended to function as image-guided therapeutic delivery agents. These new RBC carriers contain acoustically activatable perfluorocarbon droplets to enable ultrasound-mediated drug release, are loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles to permit magnetic targeting, and contain indocyanine green (ICG) dye to allow photoacoustic (PA) tracking of RBC accumulation. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of detecting ICG-loaded RBCs against a whole blood background via spectroscopic PA imaging. We also characterize the increase in PA signal resultant from magnetic targeting of ICG-loaded RBCs.
S -Palmitoylation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule C Regulates Its Tight Junction Localization and Cell Migration.

Junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C) is an immunoglobulin superfamily protein expressed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and leukocytes. JAM-C has been implicated in leukocyte transendothelial migration, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, cell polarity, spermatogenesis, and metastasis. Here, we show that JAM-C undergoes S-palmitoylation on two juxtamembrane cysteine residues, Cys-264 and Cys-265. We have identified DHHC7 as a JAM-C palmitoylating enzyme by screening all known palmitoyltransferases (DHHCs). Ectopic expression of DHHC7, but not a DHHC7 catalytic mutant, enhances JAM-C S-palmitoylation. Moreover, DHHC7 knockdown decreases the S-palmitoylation level of JAM-C. Palmitoylation of JAM-C promotes its localization to tight junctions and inhibits transwell migration of A549 lung cancer cells. These results suggest that S-palmitoylation of JAM-C can be potentially targeted to control cancer metastasis.
Autonomist/Formalist Aesthetics, Music Theory, and The Feminist Paradigm of Soft Boundaries

Il s'agit d'un nouveau paradigme feministe de comprehension de la musique defiant la trame tres formaliste des concepts et des jugements qui se sont developpes autour de la musique et qui la definissent comme un art autonome et intellectuel. C'est le paradigme des limites souples
Bartonella Seroepidemiology in Dogs from North America, 2008-2014.

BACKGROUND Improved understanding of Bartonella species seroepidemiology in dogs may aid clinical decision making and enhance current understanding of naturally occurring arthropod vector transmission of this pathogen. OBJECTIVES To identify demographic groups in which Bartonella exposure may be more likely, describe spatiotemporal variations in Bartonella seroreactivity, and examine co-exposures to other canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD). ANIMALS A total of 15,451 serology specimens from dogs in North America were submitted to the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. METHODS Bartonella henselae, Bartonella koehlerae, and Bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) serology results, as well as results from a commercial assay kit screening for Dirofilaria immitis antigen and Ehrlichia species, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies, and Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Babesia gibsoni, and Rickettsia species IFA results were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Overall, 3.26% of dogs were Bartonella spp. seroreactive; B. henselae (2.13%) and B. koehlerae (2.39%) were detected more frequently than B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (1.42%, P < 0.0001). Intact males had higher seroreactivity (5.04%) than neutered males (2.87%, P < 0.0001) or intact or spayed females (3.22%, P = 0.0003). Mixed breed dogs had higher seroreactivity (4.45%) than purebred dogs (3.02%, P = 0.0002). There was no trend in seasonal seroreactivity; geographic patterns supported broad distribution of exposure, and co-exposure with other CVBD was common. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Bartonella spp. exposure was documented throughout North America and at any time of year. Male intact dogs, mixed breed dogs, and dogs exposed to other CVBD have higher seroreactivity to multiple Bartonella species.
Etiology of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy.

Objective Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and is thought to cause upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, recent reports indicate that the incidence of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in patients on DAPT may be increasing. We aimed to compare the endoscopic findings and etiology of GI bleeding between patients on DAPT compared with those not on DAPT. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center, case-control study. Cases were 114 consecutive patients admitted with a first episode of GI bleeding while on DAPT who underwent detailed GI evaluation. We chose 114 controls who had GIB but were not on DAPT. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of UGIB or LGIB between the two groups (UGIB: 53.5% vs 51.3% and LGIB: 46.5% vs 48.7%, P = 0.10) or within groups (DAPT: 53.5% vs 46.5%, P = 0.30 and controls: 51.3% vs 48.7%, P = 0.80). Although the DAPT group had a lower prevalence of the usual UGIB risk factors, it had a higher likelihood of bleeding from varices or upper GI inflammation [odds ratio (OR) 3.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-92.3; OR 13.98, 95% CI 1.40-140.36]. No etiology of bleeding was identified in a higher percentage of patients on DAPT than those who were not (22.8% vs 5.3%). Conclusion In patients with GI bleeding, the incidences of UGIB and LGIB are similar irrespective of their DAPT use.
Changing the code? Norm contestation and US antipreneurism in cyberspace:

Cyberspace appears to offer limitless possibilities for collaboration and economic opportunity in the twenty-first century, but cyber-attacks, breaches of privacy, and security threats also have be...
Effect of humic acids on the kaolin coagulation performance of Moringa oleifera proteins

Abstract Cationic proteins from Moringa oleifera seeds are of interest as sustainable coagulants for drinking water treatment in regions with poor access to potable water. They have been shown to reduce turbidity in natural water sources as well as in various model freshwaters. Prior research on kaolin suspension coagulation by M. oleifera proteins demonstrated that coagulation occurs by adsorption and charge neutralization. Natural organic matter may interfere with this mechanism by complexing with proteins or adsorbing to kaolin particles. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of M. oleifera proteins added to mixtures of kaolin and humic acid confirmed that the coagulation mechanism remains neutralization induced by adsorption. Coagulation micro-assays were used to determine the coagulation activity of M. oleifera proteins in United States Environmental Protection Agency model freshwaters (ionic strengths ranging from 1.15 to 9.17 mM) as a function of humic acid concentration. Model freshwaters contained 0.5 g/L suspended kaolin and 2.5 to 10 ppm humic acid. Increasing humic acid concentrations necessitated higher protein concentrations to achieve turbidity reduction. The range of effective coagulating protein doses broadened as humic acid concentration increased and as water hardness increased. Electrophoretic mobility and dynamic light scattering measurements showed evidence of humic acid adsorption to kaolin particles. These coagulation studies reveal the mechanistic roles of particulate and natural organic matter that will likely contribute to the development of methods to treat natural water using M. oleifera seed proteins.
$\epsilon^\prime / \epsilon$ in Leptoquark and Diquark Models of {CP} Violation

The strong $\mathrm{CP}$ problem is solved in certain models by assuming that $\mathrm{CP}$ is broken spontaneously at large scales and that the quark mass matrix is real at the tree level. These models abandon the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism and the $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in the kaon system must be explained by a superweak or milliweak force mediated by colored scalar bosons. These models come in three types: superweak models, milliweak leptoquark models, and milliweak diquark models. The consequences of $|\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}|=(3.3=1.1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for each type is examined as well as the $\mathrm{CP}$ phenomenology of the ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\overline{B}}^{0}$ systems.
Morse Functions and Nondepraved Critical Points

Classical Morse theory is concerned with the critical points of a class of smooth proper functions f from a manifold Z to the real numbers, called Morse functions. For our generalization, we will let Z be a closed Whitney stratified space in some ambient smooth manifold M. We will need analogues for the notions of smooth function, critical point, and Morse function for this setting. A smooth function on Z will be a function which extends to a smooth function on M. A critical point of a smooth function f will be a critical point of the restriction of f to any stratum S of Z. A proper function f is called Morse if (1) its restriction to each stratum has only nondegenerate critical points, (2) its critical values are distinct, and (3) the differential of f at a critical point p in S does not annihilate any limit of tangent spaces to a stratum other than S. This third condition is a sort of nondegeneracy condition normal to the stratum. If Z is subanalytic (which includes the real and complex analytic cases), then the set of Morse functions forms an open dense subset of the space of smooth functions, and Morse functions are structurally stable, just as in the classical case [P1].
Physiologic Evaluation of Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

Coronary angiography remains the reference standard for evaluating patients with angina, abnormal noninvasive stress imaging tests, and suspected or known ischemic heart disease. However, numerous studies have revealed the limitations of coronary angiography and, in particular, its inability to accurately detect ischemia-producing coronary artery disease. Recently, more refined methods for invasively determining the functional significance of coronary artery disease have been developed and extensively tested. The goal of this chapter is to review the physiologic evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease.
Noise-Induced Bistability

Bistability indicates the ability of a system to reside in either of two states. This is a fairly general paradigm that has found numerous applications in science, from liquid crystal displays to the lac operon in E. coli to the cell cycle oscillator in Xenopus laevis.
Characterization of U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb and U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb-4Ln to assess Sn+Sb as a mixed additive system to bind lanthanides

Abstract Tin and antimony are being investigated as potential additives to metallic fuel to control fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI). A primary cause of FCCI is lanthanide fission products moving to the fuel periphery and interacting with the cladding. This interaction can lead to wastage of the cladding and, given enough time or burn-up, eventually to a cladding breach. The current study involves a microstructural characterization of as-cast and annealed U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb and U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb-4Ln, where Ln = 53Nd-25Ce-16Pr-6La, all in wt %, as alloys which could prevent FCCI. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-ray powder diffraction indicates the additive-Zr compound in U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb is Zr 5 (Sn,Sb) 3 , while the additive-Ln compound being formed in U-10Zr-2Sn-2Sb-4Ln is Ln 5 (Sn,Sb) 4 , with significantly more Sb than Sn (37 at. % versus 6 at. %, respectively). The bulk of the Sn, with a small amount of Sb, remained as Zr 5 (Sn,Sb) 3 precipitates. The potential benefits of a mixed additive system, along with relative stabilities of the intermetallic compounds, are discussed.
Abstract WP104: Dicer, a miRNA Biogenesis Protein, in Adult Neural Stem Cells Regulates Hypothalamic Neurogenesis After Stroke

Introduction: The hypothalamus regulates the neuroendocrine system. Hypothalamic neurogenesis is localized to the arcuate nucleus (AR) close to the third ventricle (3V) and to the bottom of the 3V ...
Analysis of Rotor Robustness of Ultra-high Speed Switched Reluctance Machines over 1 Million rpm Using Cohesive Zone Model

Ultra-high speed electric machines are gaining in popularity in more and more applications. Besides permanent magnet (PM) machines, switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are another good choice because of its intrinsic simple rotor geometry. A novel rotor design of an ultra-high speed SRM was proposed for special applications over 1 million rpm in [1]. However, due to the unique design element of using clamping arms rather than regular rotor sleeves for the purpose of reducing the equivalent air gap length, small gaps will appear between the rotor stack and the shaft because of the high centrifugal force, which may cause failures in ultra-high speed situations. In this paper, a model of fracture mechanics, namely the cohesive zone model (CZM), is introduced for use in analyzing the high speed mechanical robustness of the improved rotor design, where high strength adhesives are used to increase the bonding as well as to reduce the high localized stress. Then, a detailed finite element model is built in ANSYS to simulate the debonding process of the clamping arms on the shaft. A parametric study is conducted to analyze the shaft mechanical robustness for different rotor length under different adhesive strength. The results show that the maximum output torque can be increased by 15% and the highest strength on the shaft is reduced by 60% with the improved design. The model introduced in this paper will also provide a good reference for estimating the mechanical stress of high speed electric machines when adhesives are applied.
Facilitating the Deployment of Next Billion IoT Devices with Distributed Antenna Systems

Tiny IoT devices have shown their utilities in many fields. However, due to the low cost, small form factor, and inherently restricted computation resources, these IoT devices are facing many fundamental challenges such as the power issue, the communication issue, and the security issue when deployed in scale or operated in long-term period. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of using distributed antenna systems to facilitate the deployment of IoT devices. Specifically, by coherently combining the phase of each antenna in a 3D distributed antenna system, we form an energy ball at the target location where the energy density level is significantly higher than the energy density level at any other locations. We highlight the properties of energy ball and deploy a testbed with over 20 software defined radios. Our preliminary results demonstrate that this energy ball has a great potential to be leveraged to solve many fundamental problems in IoT and enable exciting IoT applications.
Mild cognitive impairment and dementia in motor manifest Huntington's disease: Classification and prevalence.

Abstract Objectives To identify the characteristics and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients with motor-manifest Huntington's disease (HD) and to propose a new mild cognitive impairment (HD-MCI) classification for HD. Methods We included 307 motor-manifest HD participants from the ENROLL-HD study who completed the evaluation in four neurocognitive domains including executive functions, processing speed, language, and memory. Cognitive impairment in each domain was determined by age- and education-adjusted cutoffs (> 1.5 standard deviations below the mean). HD-MCI was defined as an impairment in at least one cognitive domain without a loss of functional independence (Function Independence Scale, FIS ≥85). Dementia (HD-Dem) was defined as at least two domains of cognitive impairment with functional impairment (FIS ≤80). Results At the onset of motor symptoms, MCI was present in 84% and dementia in 5% of patients. After 5 years of motor symptoms, 24% of participants met the criteria for MCI and 69% for dementia. Executive dysfunction was the most common impairment, being present in 70% of participants, followed by slowed processing speed in 67%. Language impairment was reported in 55% and memory deficits in 53%. MCI subtypes were classified as “Executive-predominant” (executive impairment and slowed processing speed), “Representational-predominant” (impaired language and memory) and “Mixed Executive-Representational”. Executive-predominant MCI comprised 30%, Representational-predominant 15% and Mixed 55% of this cohort. Conclusion MCI is highly prevalent in the early stage of motor-manifest HD. Three MCI subgroups are defined suggesting at the earlier stage of this disease the frontal-striatal-executive and/or the temporoparietal-representational functional network can be impaired.
Assessing reliability and validity of a functional outcome measure for adolescents with hypermobility spectrum disorder.

PURPOSE To determine the reliability and validity of the upper extremity function and pain scales of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collecton Instrument (PODCI UEF and PODCI P) as an outcome measure in adolescents with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational study using a cross-section design was conducted. A convenience sample of 83 adolescents (age 11-18 years) with HSDs were recruited. Test-retest reliability of the PODCI UEF and PODCI P was examined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc). Concurrent validity was established by comparing the PODCI UEF to the PROMIS Pediatric Upper Extremity-Short Form (PROMIS PUE-SF) and comparing the PODCI P to Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) using Spearman rho correlations. RESULTS There was high test-retest reliability for the PODCI UEF, ρc = 0.81 (p < 0.001) and moderate test-retest reliability for the PODCI P, ρc = 0.68 (p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between the PODCI UEF and the PROMIS PUE-SF, rs = 0.80 (p < 0.001) and a moderate inverse relationship rs = -0.73 (p < 0.001) between PODCI P and NRS scores (n = 150). CONCLUSION The PODCI UEF and PODCI P may be a valid and reliable outcome measure in adolescents with HSDs.Implications for rehabilitationAdolescents with joint hypermobility can have chronic pain, fatigue, and decreased participation in daily activities.Clinical use of valid and reliable outcome measures to measure change may assist in planning care and identifying best practice for the management of HSDs.The PODCI was designed to be used as an outcome measure for chronic musculoskeletal conditions and has demonstrated test-retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change in other pediatric populations.The PODCI may be a valid and reliable outcome measure in adolescents with HSDs.
Chemical composition of material extractives influences microbial growth and dynamics on wetted wood materials.

The impact of material chemical composition on microbial growth on building materials remains relatively poorly understood. We investigate the influence of the chemical composition of material extractives on microbial growth and community dynamics on 30 different wood species that were naturally inoculated, wetted, and held at high humidity for several weeks. Microbial growth was assessed by visual assessment and molecular sequencing. Unwetted material powders and microbial swab samples were analyzed using reverse phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Different wood species demonstrated varying susceptibility to microbial growth after 3 weeks and visible coverage and fungal qPCR concentrations were correlated (R2 = 0.55). Aspergillaceae was most abundant across all samples; Meruliaceae was more prevalent on 8 materials with the highest visible microbial growth. A larger and more diverse set of compounds was detected from the wood shavings compared to the microbial swabs, indicating a complex and heterogeneous chemical composition within wood types. Several individual compounds putatively identified in wood samples showed statistically significant, near-monotonic associations with microbial growth, including C11H16O4, C18H34O4, and C6H15NO. A pilot experiment confirmed the inhibitory effects of dosing a sample of wood materials with varying concentrations of liquid C6H15NO (assuming it presented as Diethylethanolamine).
Feasibility and Acceptability of Digital Legacy-Making: An Innovative Story-Telling Intervention for Adults With Cancer:

Background:This study examined the feasibility, burden and acceptability of a legacy-making intervention in adults with cancer and preliminary effects on patient quality-of-life (QOL) measures.Meth...
Role of the pharmacist in research

Abstract Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to lead and support research in pharmacy disciplines and for decades have been instrumental in drug development due to the basic and applied science foundation and clinical training in their curriculum, and access to research-focused training programs. They perform critical functions within the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory services within the industry and government organizations. Academic and practice settings provide many opportunities for pharmacists to excel as independent and collaborating investigators in basic, translational, clinical, and outcomes research. Postgraduate training programs, including residencies, fellowships, internships, sabbaticals, masters, and doctorate-level research programs in the pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacology/toxicology, health outcomes, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, and pharmacy administration can provide pharmacists with the knowledge and skills to pursue many avenues of research.
A Public Health Approach to Reducing the Societal Prevalence and Burden of Youth Mental Health Problems: Introduction to the Special Issue

The purpose of this Special Issue is to describe innovative school-related initiatives to reduce the population prevalence of youth mental health concerns. In this introduction to the Special Issue...
Statistical Inference for Approximate Bayesian Optimal Design

This paper studies a generic Bayesian optimal design formulation with chance constraints, where the decision variable lies in a separable, reflexive Banach space. This setting covers a gamut of simulation and modeling problems that we illustrate through two example problem formulations. The posterior objective cannot be computed, in general, and it is necessary to use approximate Bayesian inference. Sampling-based approximate inference, however, introduces significant variance and, in general, leads to non-convex approximate feasible sets, even when the original problem is convex. In this paper, we use variational Bayesian approximations that introduce no variance and retain the convexity of the feasibility set, subject to easily satisfied regularity conditions on the approximate posterior, albeit at the expense of a much larger bias. Our main results, therefore, establish large sample asymptotic consistency of the optimal solutions and optimal value of this approximate Bayesian optimal design formulation.
Scooter & Sidecar: a domain-specific approach to writing secure database migrations

Web applications often handle large amounts of sensitive user data. Modern secure web frameworks protect this data by (1) using declarative languages to specify security policies alongside database schemas and (2) automatically enforcing these policies at runtime. Unfortunately, these frameworks do not handle the very common situation in which the schemas or the policies need to evolve over time---and updates to schemas and policies need to be performed in a carefully coordinated way. Mistakes during schema or policy migrations can unintentionally leak sensitive data or introduce privilege escalation bugs. In this work, we present a domain-specific language (Scooter) for expressing schema and policy migrations, and an associated SMT-based verifier (Sidecar) which ensures that migrations are secure as the application evolves. We describe the design of Scooter and Sidecar and show that our framework can be used to express realistic schemas, policies, and migrations, without giving up on runtime or verification performance.
Knowing the Informed Player's Payoffs and Simply Play in Repeated Games

We revisit the classic model of two-player repeated games with undiscounted utility, observable actions, and one-sided incomplete information, and further assume the informed player has state-independent preferences. We show the informed player can attain a payoff in equilibrium if and only if she can attain it in the simple class of equilibria first studied by Aumann, Maschler, and Stearns (1968), in which information is only revealed in the game's initial stages. This sufficiency result does not extend to the uninformed player's equilibrium payoff set.
OxyChip embedded with radio-opaque gold nanoparticles for anatomic registration and oximetry in tissues.

PURPOSE Electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry using the OxyChip as an implantable oxygen sensor can directly and repeatedly measure tissue oxygen levels. A phase I, first-in-human clinical study has established the safety and feasibility of using OxyChip for reliable and repeated measurements of oxygen levels in a variety of tumors and treatment regimens. A limitation in these studies is the inability to easily locate and identify the implanted probes in the tissue, particularly in the long term, thus limiting spatial/anatomical registration of the implant for proper interpretation of the oxygen data. In this study, we have developed and evaluated an enhanced oxygen-sensing probe embedded with gold nanoparticles (GNP), called the OxyChip-GNP, to enable visualization of the sensor using routine clinical imaging modalities. METHODS In vitro characterization, imaging, and histopathology studies were carried out using tissue phantoms, excised tissues, and in vivo animal models (mice and rats). RESULTS The results demonstrated a substantial enhancement of ultrasound and CT contrast using the OxyChip-GNP without compromising its electron paramagnetic resonance and oxygen-sensing properties or biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS The OxyChips embedded with gold nanoparticles (OxyChip-GNP) can be readily identified in soft tissues using standard clinical imaging modalities such as CT, cone beam-CT, or ultrasound imaging while maintaining its capability to make repeated in vivo measurements of tissue oxygen levels over the long term. This unique capability of the OxyChip-GNP facilitates precisely localized in vivo oxygen measurements in the clinical setting.