cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
De novo construction of an expanded transcriptome assembly for the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus

The plant bug Lygus hesperus Knight is a polyphagous pest of many economically important crops. Despite its pest status, little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for much of the biology of this species. Earlier Lygus transcriptome assemblies were limited by low read depth, or because they focused on specific conditions. To generate a more comprehensive transcriptome, we supplemented previous datasets with new reads corresponding to specific tissues (heads, antennae, and male reproductive tissues). This transcriptome augments current Lygus molecular resources and provides the foundational knowledge critical for future comparative studies. An expanded, Trinity-based de novo transcriptome assembly for L. hesperus was generated using previously published whole body Illumina data, supplemented with 293 million bp of new raw sequencing data corresponding to five tissue-specific cDNA libraries and 11 Illumina sequencing runs. The updated transcriptome consists of 22,022 transcripts (average length of 2075 nt), 62 % of which contain complete open reading frames. Significant coverage of the BUSCO (benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs) dataset and robust metrics indicate that the transcriptome is a quality assembly with a high degree of completeness. Initial assessment of the new assembly’s utility revealed that the length and abundance of transcripts predicted to regulate insect physiology and chemosensation have improved, compared with previous L. hesperus assemblies. This transcriptome represents a significant expansion of Lygus transcriptome data, and improves foundational knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying L. hesperus biology. The dataset is publically available in NCBI and GigaDB as a resource for researchers.
Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Medication Among Hypertensive Adults in the United States─HealthStyles, 2010

Nonadherence, or not taking medications as prescribed, to antihypertensive medications has been associated with uncontrolled hypertension. The authors analyzed data from HealthStyles 2010 to assess medication nonadherence among adults with hypertension. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 27.4% and the prevalence of nonadherence was 30.5% among hypertensive adult respondents. Nonadherence rates were highest among younger adults (aged 18-44 years), Hispanics, those who reported lowest annual income (<$25,000), and those who reported depression. The most common reason stated for nonadherence was "I cannot afford the medication" (35.1%). A multivariate logistic regression model showed age, race, and household income to be associated with nonadherence. These findings suggest that certain subgroups are more likely to report barriers to adherence. Interventions to support the management of hypertension should consider the identification of certain at-risk subgroups and utilize community and clinical evidenced-based resources to improve long-term control.
Inhibitors of cell division reversibly modify hemoglobin concentration in human erythroleukemia K562 cells

The human leukemia K562 cell line can be induced by 20 micro M hemin to reversibly accumulate embryonic and fetal hemoglobins without any change in the rate of cell division. When we reduced the rate of cell division by glutamine starvation or addition of hydroxyurea, the cells increased by tenfold the basal hemoglobin level of 0.3-0.5 pg Hb/cell. The combined effects of hemin and inhibitors of cell division permitted K562 cells to attain levels of hemoglobin (26-34 pg Hb/cell) close to that found in normal red cells. This superinduction was reversible and cells could be recycled indefinitely. Furthermore, electrofocusing experiments show that the three primary hemoglobin species produced by these cells (Hb Gower 1, Hb Portland, and fetal Hb), were induced, or reinduced, synchronously by inhibitors of cell division but asynchronously by hemin. Differing effects of hemin and inhibitors of cell division were observed in the absence of irreversible differentiation and suggest different molecular mechanisms controlling globin gene expression.
Feeding tubes in patients with dementia

Eating problems afflict up to 86% of patients with advanced dementia, and approximately 39% of these patients die within 6 mo of developing these problems. More than one in three patients with advanced dementia living in nursing homes is fed via feeding tube. This paper reviews the evidence for the use of feeding tubes in patients with advanced dementia as well as information on logistic and systems issues that may explain the high prevalence for the use of feeding tubes in this setting.
Schülerprobleme beim Lösen von geometrischen Beweisaufgaben —eine Interviewstudie—

In diesem Beitrag wird uber eine Interviewstudie mit zehn Schulerinnen und Schulern der Jahrgangsstufe 8 berichtet, die als qualitative Erganzung zu einer quantitativen empirischen Untersuchung mit 659 Probanden durchgefuhrt wurde. Die Probanden, die in der 7. und 8. Klasse an schriftlichen Tests teilgenommen hatten, wruden beim Losen geometrischer Beweisaufgaben videografiert und anschliesend befragt. Es zeigt sich, dass Schulerschwierigkeiten bei diesen Aufgaben im Wesentlichen auf das Faktenwissen, das Methodenwissen zum mathematischen Beweisen und die Entwicklung und das Verfolgen einer Beweisstrategie zuruckgefuhrt werden konnen. Wahrend schwachere Schuler in allen drei Bereichen Defizite aufweisen, liegen die Schwierigkeiten der starkeren Probanden vor allem in der Entwicklung einer Beweisstrategie.
Sensitive Indicators of Clinical Diagnosis for Late-onset Rickets

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of quantitative ultrasound bone densitometry,calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,X-ray of late-onset rickets.Methods Bone mineral density,calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase were measured and left hand ray examinations in 139 cases of children with late-onset rickets.Results Z-store for bone mineral density(BMD)was significant difference(P0.05) compared before and after treatment;there were no significant difference(P0.05) in blood serum calcium,alkaline phosphatase.Z-score showed a negative correlation(r=-0.67),percentile was positively correlated(r=0.75).Conclusion Quantitative ultrasound bone densitometry is a easy way for diagnosis of late-onset rickets than the traditional diagnostic tools with a certain sensitivity and specificity.
Is Experience the Best Teacher? Extensive Clinical Practice and Mentor Teachers’ Perspectives on Effective Teaching

This article presents a study of mentor teachers who work with residents in an urban teacher residency program in New York City. Forty-six mentor teachers (i.e., cooperating teachers) were asked to describe moments of effective mentoring, as well as their own strengths, weaknesses, and goals as mentors. Implicit in mentor teachers’ descriptions of effective mentoring were their perspectives on effective teaching. These perspectives offer much insight into the challenges of clinically rich teacher preparation for a particular urban context, raising several dilemmas that should be considered amid the calls for teacher preparation that is deeply rooted in field practice.
Human Impact Statements

When a city undertakes a development project, low income and homeless persons face risks of expulsion. Public and private developers often target low-income neighborhoods and public lands because those spaces are viewed as economically more attainable or available for development. Moreover, the legal system's preference to treat disputes as individual entitlement claims tends to relegate disputes to broad questions of entitlements rather than unpacking the impacts that property changes have on the vulnerable populations. Whether by gentrification or by enhancement of city infrastructure, developer decisions disrupt what are already unstable living environments by imposing increased costs of relocation. These changes also destabilize community relationships by separating individuals and families from their support networks, local transportation options, and local employment that they have come to rely on. In short, low-income and homeless persons find themselves even more destabilized when public and private development projects force their evacuation from where they live. This article argues that though development may be necessary, it should not be undertaken without more serious evaluation of the human impacts in relation to the space. Such evaluations should include the impact on communities, employment, education, and environment for impacted persons. Importantly, failure to take notice of these impacts continues to promote cycles of poverty that plague American cities.Drawing on similarities in the environmental context, the article argues that a NEPA-like approach to human housing can offset externalities that homeless persons and those living in low-income housing are forced to internalize through environment changes. Amongst those impacts are the imbalance between the well-funded developer and low income populations; the view that low income properties can be classified as nuisance-type properties; and the tendency to only consider the highest best use of property as the rationale for development. The article concludes by offering model legislation that could be implemented to provide a NEPA like assessment to city development.
A comparison of multiple methods for rescoring keyword search lists for low resource languages.

We review the performance of a new two-stage cascaded machine learning approach for rescoring keyword search output for low resource languages. In the first stage Confusion Networks (CNs) are rescored for improved Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) by reranking the arcs of each confusion bin. In the second stage we generate keyword search hypotheses from the rescored ASR output and rescore them using logistic regression classifiers to detect true hits and false alarms. We compare the performance of our system with state of the art rescoring techniques, including probability of false alarm normalization, exponential normalization, rank-normalized posterior scores and sum-to-one normalization and show promising results. Experimental validation is performed using the Term Weighted Value (TWV) metric on four corpora from the IARPA-Babel program for keyword search on low resource languages, including Assamese, Bengali, Lao and Zulu.
Blunt splenic injury in adults: a decision analysis comparing options for treatment.

But: Evaluer les facteurs qui font qu'un chirurgien decide de traiter un traumatisme ferme de rate par surveillance, suture splenique, ou splenectomie. Type d'etude: Analyse decisionnelle. Provenance: Hopital instructeur des armees, USA. Materiel: Selection de 56 publications sur le traitement des traumatismes spleniques publies entre 1983 et 1993. Methodes: Les variables etudiees comprenaient l'incidence des transfusions, les sepsis post splenectomies, les hepatites post transfusionnelles, les hepatites chroniques actives, les cirrhoses et les recidives hemorragiques. Principaux criteres de jugement: L'esperance de vie ajustee qualitativement (EVAQ) apres chacun des differents procedes chirurgicaux. Resultats: Lorsque l'on faisait intervenir dans la decision l'incidence moyenne de chaque variable les EVAQ etaient de 39,68 ans pour la surveillance, 39,56 ans pour les sutures spleniques et de 38,94 ans pour les splenectomies. L'analyse de la sensibilite a montre que lorsque l'incidence des transfusions etait controlee, d'une part les sutures spleniques apparaissaient superieures, et d'autre part les sutures spleniques ainsi que la surveillance etaient superieures a la splenectomie. A partir du moment ou un patient avait recu des derives sanguins il perdait les avantages du traitement non operatoire. Conclusion: Seuls les patients ayant un traumatisme splenique mineur ne necessitant pas de transfusion devraient etre simplement surveilles. Les patients qui doivent etre transfuses devraient etre explores chirurgicalement dans l'optique d'une conservation splenique. Certains patients ayant un traumatisme splenique grave avec devascularisation devront avoir une splenectomie malgre toutes les tentatives de conservation splenique.
Structure and Organization of Skeletal Muscle

This chapter investigates the structure and organization of skeletal muscle at an intermediate level, serving as a bridge between Chaps. 1 and 2. Hence, learn about the hierarchical matrix of skeletal muscle design or individual parts leading to a better appreciation of the composite structure of skeletal muscle. Topics discussed include general muscle architecture, anatomical and physiological cross-sectional performance, energy properties of the sarcomere, length–tension relationship, passive properties of muscle and connective tissue, and satellite cells. Collectively, understanding attributes related to individual muscle function is highlighted and serves to instill a keen perspective about producing holistic and enhanced clinical outcomes.
Laughing Through Change: Subversive Humor in Online Videos of Arab Youth

Arab youth seek ways to subvert authority and redefine identity in the somewhat less supervised spaces of online humor. As Arab states tighten their grip on youth for fear of dissent, their youth are exploring other means for social change at the murky boundaries between jokes and insults, seriousness and frivolity. This study argues that the interplay between parental and political authorities complicates their attempts at political change and demands an analysis of resistance at both the cultural and political levels. With a focus on Egypt and Jordan, this study uses a qualitative thematic analysis of satirical online videos to examine instances of disguised dissent and consciousness-raising among youth away from closed-off public spaces.
A Complex of Pleasures: Comment on ‘The Pleasure of Art’ by Mohan Matthen

ABSTRACTMatthen's functionalist account of art and his activity-centred account of aesthetic pleasure are on the right track, but he should recognize the importance of emotional as well as cognitive engagement with art.
The effect of the beach-chair position angle on cerebral oxygenation during shoulder surgery.

Background Although the safety of the beach-chair position (BCP) is widely accepted, rare devastating neurologic complications have been reported and attributed to cerebral hypoperfusion. Cerebral oxygenation (regional oxygen saturation [rSO 2 ]) can be monitored noninvasively using near-infrared spectroscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of BCP angle on cerebral oxygenation in patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the BCP. Methods Fifty patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled to participate. Following induction of general anesthesia, each patient's rSO 2 was recorded at 0° of elevation and again at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 80° of elevation. Mean rSO 2 values and mean differences in rSO 2 were reported. Results An average total decrease of 5% in rSO 2 was seen when comparing 0° with 80° ( P 2 values at beach-chair angles of 0° versus 30° ( P .001), 30° versus 45° ( P = .007), and 45° versus 60° ( P .001) but not between 60° and 80° ( P = .12). The decrease in rSO 2 was similar between each progressive increase in the beach-chair angle, leading to a linear decline in rSO 2 as the BCP increased (regression slope of −0.060%/°, P .001). No patient's cerebral oxygenation dropped greater than 20% from baseline. Neither body mass index nor American Society of Anesthesiologists score had a significant impact on the relation of rSO 2 to BCP angle. Conclusions The average drop in rSO 2 is significantly less than the threshold of 20% used as an identifier for a cerebral deoxygenation event. This study illustrates the direct effect the BCP angle has on cerebral oxygenation.
The where of mineral names: Merelaniite, Merelani (Mererani), Manyara region, Tanzania

MERELANIITE, named after the village of Merelani “in honor of the local miners, past and present, living and working in the region” (Jaszczak et al. 2016, p. 115), is a rare and interesting sulfide...
Conservative Management of Possible Meniscal Derangement Using the Mulligan Concept: A Case Report.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case study was to report on the immediate effects of the combined use of mobilizations with movement and the "squeeze" technique on a patient with knee stiffness, popping, and swelling. Clinical Features The patient presented with right knee stiffness, swelling, and a popping sensation of insidious onset. Clinical examination revealed pain with terminal knee extension and flexion, joint line tenderness, a positive Apley's compression test, and a positive Thessaly's test at 20° of knee flexion. A working diagnosis was established of a meniscal pathology with the differential diagnoses of meniscal derangement and synovial plica. Intervention and Outcome The patient received 3 total treatments using the Mulligan concept over the course of 11 days. The treatments included the application of a tibia internal rotation mobilization with movement and the "squeeze" technique to the affected knee. Patient outcomes, including the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, and the Numeric Rating Scale for pain, were collected throughout the course of treatment. The patient reported a minimal clinically important difference on the Numeric Rating Scale for pain after each treatment and on all outcomes after the third treatment. The patient reported improvement on her follow-up visit 4 days after the third treatment; the results of a clinical exam and patient outcomes supported a complete discharge after 3 treatments. Conclusion This patient responded favorably to use of the Mulligan concept as a manual therapy technique for the treatment of symptoms related to possible meniscal derangement.
Online detection of occluded plant stalks for manipulation

This paper describes an algorithm for visually detecting crop stalks in-situ. Field-based crop stalk detection is a challenging computer vision problem due to occlusion by leaves, similarity of color and texture between stalks and surrounding foliage, and high stalk density within rows. Detecting stalks for grasping adds further challenges such as computation time and computing hardware. The proposed algorithm utilizes multiple stereo images taken from an unmanned ground vehicle and exploits geometric features specific to stalks such as vertical continuity, height, and the direction of surface normals. The described hardware and software pipeline is capable of detecting stalks for a manipulator grasp in approximately 12 seconds, and preliminary results show that hardware improvements can reduce detection time to 4 seconds. The algorithm is tested on 378 point clouds generated from 916 images of Sorghum bicolor, a grain crop. Performance is evaluated according to two methods, demonstrating precision greater than 93%.
Classification of symmetry derived pairing at the M point in FeSe

Using the constraints imposed by the crystalline symmetry of FeSe and the experimentally observed phenomenology, we analyze the possible pairing symmetry of the superconducting order parameter focusing on intercalated and monolayer FeSe compounds. Such analysis leads to three possible pairing symmetry states---$s$ wave, $d$ wave, and helical $p$ wave. Despite the differences in the pairing symmetry, each of these states is fully gapped with gap minimum centered above the normal state Fermi surface, in agreement with photoemission data of Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 117001 (2016)]. The analysis provides additional insights into the possible pairing mechanism for each of these states, highlighting the detrimental role of the renormalized repulsive intraorbital Hubbard $U$ and interorbital ${U}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and the beneficial role of the pair hopping ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and the Hund's $J$ terms, as well as the spin-orbit coupling in the effective low-energy Hamiltonian.
Improving Computerized Charting in an Intensive Care Unit

The purpose of this study is to look deeper into an electronic medical record (EMR) system to find inefficiencies within the overall charting process. Along with collecting observation data on nurses within the University of Missouri Hospital Intensive Care Unit, EMR activity log data was gathered from the EMR system through a real time measurement system (RTMS). By using the RTMS data, the average time for several designated charting activities were analyzed based on different levels of patient sickness and nurse experience. The results showed that there were several significant differences on EMR documentation time in an ICU. The comprehensive findings of this study will help point to areas where improvements can be made in order to optimize efficiency within the EMR charting process and increase time nurses spend in direct patient care, which should in turn increase patient safety as well.
Relative Ammonium Ion Affinities of 18-Crown-6 and the Isomers of Dicyclohexano-18-Crown-6

Complexes of cis-syn-cis- and cis-anti-cis-dicyclohexano-18-crown-6(DC18C6) with ammonium, methylammonium, propylammonium, isopropylammonium,butylammonium, isobutylammonium, and tert-butylammonium were generated andstudied in the gas phase using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonancemass spectrometry to measure exchange equilibrium constants of the guestswith unsubstituted 18-crown-6 (18C6). Semiempirical calculations at the PM3level were also performed for all the complexes. Both the experiments andthe calculations indicate that sterically unhindered ammonium cations bindDC18C6 in preference to 18C6, but that preference decreases or vanishes forammonium cations branched at the α carbon. The cis-syn-cis isomer hashigher ammonium affinities than the cis-anti-cis isomer. The experiments andthe calculations both suggest that in the cis-syn-cis isomer the ammoniumcations preferentially bind on the face of the macroring enclosed by thecyclohexano units, but again this preference decreases for stericallycrowded ammonium substituents. These trends are explained in terms of theability of the substituents in the host to stabilize the charge of the guest.
Geometrical analysis of bursting pacemaker neurons generated by computational models: comparison to in vitro pre-Bötzinger complex bursting neurons.

Despite an incredible amount of progress toward understanding respiratory rhythm generation through the use of reduced mathematical models, controversy exists concerning the role of various ionic conductances in generating bursting behavior. Moreover, the dynamical behavior of these model neurons has not been examined. Here, we have used two well described pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BotC) pacemaker neuron models to investigate their dynamical features. Based on our observations, we identify one of the models to better represent the general characteristics of the bursting dynamics and propose additional modifications to better capture the dynamics of our own experimental recordings.
Perfect Hexagons, Elementary Triangles, and the Center of a Cubic Curve

If six points in the plane are labeled with Z 6 so that for each k in Z 6 the set of lines \({W}_{k} =\{ (a,b) : a + b = k\}\) concurs at a point X k then the six points form a perfecthexagonP. The vertices of P and the perspectivepoints {X k : k ∈ Z 6} lie on a cubic curve. If we complete P by including all lines which join vertices of P as well as all intersection points of these lines, we obtain a figure which contains many perfect hexagons. We develop a theory of cubic curves which explains this phenomenon.
Gaussian Quadrature and Linear Systems

In this paper we consider the error in Gaussian quadrature in the case where the integrand is an analytic function and the interval of integration is finite. In Section 2 we give a well known representation for the error as a contour integral against a kernel function K“(i) and we show that under certain further restrictions, K n (t) has a valid Laurent series expansion. We then develop two methods for computing the coefficients (in terms of the moments) of the resulting Laurent series. Section 3 gives a method for finding an explicit expression for the kernel K“(t) and we compute K“(t) for two specific measures. In Section 4 we prove the existence of Radau and Lobatto quadrature and we show that the analysis of the previous sections applies in these cases as well. Finally, in Section 5 we apply the methods of Section 2 to estimate the error that occurs when various Gaussian quadrature rules are applied to particular functions.
Sensitive Determination of Fentanyl in Low-Volume Serum Samples by LC-MS/MS

Fentanyl is a widely used drug in the management of pain. Present LC-MS/MS methods for analysis of fentanyl require a large volume of serum, but yet the sensitivity was at about 50 pg/mL. Here, we report a modified liquid-liquid extraction method for the analysis of fentanyl in serum. The method is very sensitive with a LLOQ of 5 pg/mL while using only 0.175 mL of serum for analysis. The separation was performed on a Zorbax XDB-C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm, 600 bar) using a mobile phase of water: acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) with 0.1% formic acid that was pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 0.5 mL per minute. The calibration curve was found to be linear over a range of 5–10,000 pg/mL. The inter-day and intra-day accuracy and precision were tested using low (20 pg/mL), medium (1000 pg/mL), and high (5000 pg/mL) quality control samples of fentanyl prepared in blank human serum and were within ± 15% of the nominal value. Fentanyl was also found to be stable in various storage and sample preparation conditions, including short-term bench-top storage (for 5 h), freeze-thaw cycling (three cycles), long-term frozen condition (4.5 months at - 70°C), and post-preparative storage (for 48 h).
Outcomes among pregnant recently incarcerated women attending a reentry transitions clinic.

This mixed methods retrospective case series and qualitative descriptive study describes pregnancy outcomes during the postincarceration period. A retrospective case series via electronic medical record chart review from a subset of women attending a postincarceration primary care clinic with a condition of interest (pregnancy) described demographics, substance use, diagnoses, and pregnancy outcomes. We compared 27 pregnant to 79 nonpregnant women and contextualized quantitative data with qualitative descriptive vignettes. Twenty-seven women completed 29 pregnancies (2 women with 2 deliveries each), all of which were unplanned; there were 11 live births, 8 pregnant at study closure, 7 miscarriages, and 3 terminations. Although substance use history was high, rates were higher among nonpregnant women (92% vs 74%). Among the 5 births, 4 tested positive for substance use during pregnancy. All 11 infants had pregnancy or delivery complications. Although 7 of the 10 pregnant women with live births had prior pregnancy complications, only 4 were placed in a special care obstetrics clinic. Although unplanned pregnancies were common, most births did not demonstrate maternal substance use. All live births had pregnancy or delivery complications, but few were accepted to specialist prenatal care, suggesting potential considerations for recently incarcerated women.
The Impact of Online Learning and Hands-on Teaching on Echocardiography Knowledge in Pediatric Cardiology and ICU Fellows

Purpose: Delirium is a clinical syndrome that indicates serious cerebral dysfunction commonly seen in intensive care settings. Although the knowledge base of adult delirium is extensive, much less is understood regarding pediatric delirium. Age-appropriate bedside screening tools to detect pediatric delirium have recently been validated and have been successfully implemented in the Pediatric and Cardiac Intensive Care Units (PICU/CICU) at Primary Children’s Hospital. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the prevalence of positive …
Integrative pluralism for biological function

We introduce a new type of pluralism about biological function that, in contrast to existing, demonstrates a practical integration among the term’s different meanings. In particular, we show how to generalize Sandra Mitchell’s notion of integrative pluralism to circumstances where multiple epistemic tools of the same type are jointly necessary to solve scientific problems. We argue that the multiple definitions of biological function operate jointly in this way based on how biologists explain the evolution of protein function. To clarify how our account relates to existing views, we introduce a general typology for monist and pluralist accounts along with standardized criteria for judging which is best supported by evidence.
Shaping of discrete auditory inputs to extramodular zones of the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus

The multimodal lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus (LCIC) exhibits a modular-extramodular micro-organization that is evident early in development. In addition to a set of neurochemical markers that reliably highlight its modular-extramodular organization (e.g. modules: GAD67-positive, extramodular zones: calretinin-positive, CR), mature projection patterns suggest that major LCIC afferents recognize and adhere to such a framework. In adult mice, distinct afferent projections appear segregated, with somatosensory inputs targeting LCIC modules and auditory inputs surrounding extramodular fields. Currently lacking is an understanding regarding the development and shaping of multimodal LCIC afferents with respect to its emerging modular-extramodular microarchitecture. Combining living slice tract-tracing and immunocytochemical approaches in GAD67-GFP knock-in mice, the present study characterizes the critical period of projection shaping for LCIC auditory afferents arising from its neighboring central nucleus (CNIC). Both crossed and uncrossed projection patterns exhibit LCIC extramodular mapping characteristics that emerge from initially diffuse distributions. Projection mismatch with GAD-defined modules and alignment with encompassing extramodular zones becomes increasingly clear over the early postnatal period (birth to postnatal day 12). CNIC inputs terminate almost exclusively in extramodular zones that express CR. These findings suggest multimodal LCIC inputs may initially be sparse and intermingle, prior to segregation into distinct processing streams. Future experiments are needed to determine the likely complex interactions and mechanisms (e.g. activity-dependent and independent) responsible for shaping early modality-specific LCIC circuits.
Interpersonal Sexual Objectification, Jezebel Stereotype Endorsement, and Justification of Intimate Partner Violence Toward Women:

Sexual objectification and Jezebel stereotype endorsement, a racialized characterization of Black women as promiscuous, have been linked to harmful violence attitudes toward women. Although Black w...
Listening to Black lives matter: racial capitalism and the critique of neoliberalism

This article explores left critiques of neoliberalism in light of the Black Lives Matter movement’s (BLM) recourse to the notion of ‘racial capitalism’ in their analyses of anti-Black oppression. Taking a cue from BLM, I argue for a critical theory of racial capitalism that historicizes neoliberalism within a longue duree framework, surfacing racialized continuities in capitalism’s violence. I begin by revealing how neo-Marxist and neo-Foucaultian approaches to neoliberalism, particularly that of David Harvey and Wendy Brown, respectively, partition race from the workings of contemporary capitalism. Such analyses obscure neoliberalism’s differential impact on non-white racialized populations, while simultaneously casting anti-racist struggles as divisive. In contrast, I then trace how the Movement for Black Lives policy platform invokes Cedric Robinson’s work on racial capitalism, investigating the utility of this framework for the movement’s demands. Building on BLM’s turn to the concept of racial capitalism, I finally offer an outline of a critical theory of racial capitalism to better theorize neoliberalism. By historicizing neoliberalism within racial capitalism’s historical arc, such a theory unravels the qualitatively different mechanisms through which racialized populations are pressed into circuits of capital accumulation. It also paves the way to move past the entrenched class-versus-identity debate on the American left.
Changes in black-white disparity in receipt of guideline concordant treatment for women with early-stage breast tumors.

e19089Background: Racial disparities are well documented in the treatment of women with breast cancer. Whereas clinical treatment guidelines are established for early stage breast tumors, dispariti...
Multiscale modeling of protein membrane interactions for nanoparticle targeting in drug delivery

Nanoparticle (NP)-based imaging and drug delivery systems for systemic (e.g. intravenous) therapeutic and diagnostic applications are inherently a complex integration of biology and engineering. A broad range of length and time scales are essential to hydrodynamic and microscopic molecular interactions mediating NP (drug nanocarriers, imaging agents) motion in blood flow, cell binding/uptake, and tissue accumulation. A computational model of time-dependent tissue delivery, providing in silico prediction of organ-specific accumulation of NPs, can be leveraged in NP design and clinical applications. In this article, we provide the current state-of-the-art and future outlook for the development of predictive models for NP transport, targeting, and distribution through the integration of new computational schemes rooted in statistical mechanics and transport. The resulting multiscale model will comprehensively incorporate: (i) hydrodynamic interactions in the vascular scales relevant to NP margination; (ii) physical and mechanical forces defining cellular and tissue architecture and epitope accessibility mediating NP adhesion; and (iii) subcellular and paracellular interactions including molecular-level targeting impacting NP uptake.
Pharmacist-Driven MRSA Nasal PCR Screening and the Duration of Empirical Vancomycin Therapy for Suspected MRSA Respiratory Tract Infections.

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of a pharmacist-driven, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)−based nasal screening protocol for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on vancomycin therapy duration and on rates of adverse drug events and 30-day hospital readmission. Patients and Methods From July 8, 2017, through January 31, 2019, we performed a retrospective, multicenter, preimplementation-postimplementation study. Patients with a vancomycin order to treat lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) underwent MRSA PCR screening; tests were ordered by health care providers, including physicians, physician assistants, and advanced practice registered nurses. During the preimplementation period (July 8, 2017, through September 30, 2018), pharmacists could order MRSA PCR screening only after receiving a verbal order from a health care provider. During the postimplementation period (October 1, 2018, through January 31, 2019), a collaborative practice agreement allowed pharmacists to order MRSA PCR screening tests. Results The preimplementation group included 241 patients, and the postimplementation group included 74 patients. Of these patients, 124 in the preimplementation group and 62 in the postimplementation group received MRSA PCR screening. Twenty patients (16.1%) in the preimplementation group and 9 (14.5%) in the postimplementation group had a positive MRSA PCR screening test result (between-group difference, 1.6%; P=.80). Duration of therapy was significantly shorter in the postimplementation group (median [interquartile range], 14.3 [5.0-28.6] hours vs 24.0 [12.4-47.0] hours; P Conclusion Vancomycin therapy carries a risk of adverse events and may increase health care costs. A pharmacist-driven protocol for MRSA nasal swab PCR screening effectively reduces the duration of vancomycin therapy for patients with lower respiratory tract infection.
Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance and Artificial Intelligence: Frontiers of Imaging in Pancreatic Cancer

Background: There is an unmet need for noninvasive imaging markers that can help identify the aggressive subtype(s) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at diagnosis and at an earlier time point, and evaluate the efficacy of therapy prior to tumor reduction. In the past few years, there have been two major developments with potential for a significant impact in establishing imaging biomarkers for PDAC and pancreatic cancer premalignancy: (1) hyperpolarized metabolic (HP)-magnetic resonance (MR), which increases the sensitivity of conventional MR by over 10,000-fold, enabling real-time metabolic measurements; and (2) applications of artificial intelligence (AI). Objective: Our objective of this review was to discuss these two exciting but independent developments (HP-MR and AI) in the realm of PDAC imaging and detection from the available literature to date. Methods: A systematic review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was performed. Studies addressing the utilization of HP-MR and/or AI for early detection, assessment of aggressiveness, and interrogating the early efficacy of therapy in patients with PDAC cited in recent clinical guidelines were extracted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The studies were reviewed following predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria, and grouped based on the utilization of HP-MR and/or AI in PDAC diagnosis. Results: Part of the goal of this review was to highlight the knowledge gap of early detection in pancreatic cancer by any imaging modality, and to emphasize how AI and HP-MR can address this critical gap. We reviewed every paper published on HP-MR applications in PDAC, including six preclinical studies and one clinical trial. We also reviewed several HP-MR–related articles describing new probes with many functional applications in PDAC. On the AI side, we reviewed all existing papers that met our inclusion criteria on AI applications for evaluating computed tomography (CT) and MR images in PDAC. With the emergence of AI and its unique capability to learn across multimodal data, along with sensitive metabolic imaging using HP-MR, this knowledge gap in PDAC can be adequately addressed. CT is an accessible and widespread imaging modality worldwide as it is affordable; because of this reason alone, most of the data discussed are based on CT imaging datasets. Although there were relatively few MR-related papers included in this review, we believe that with rapid adoption of MR imaging and HP-MR, more clinical data on pancreatic cancer imaging will be available in the near future. Conclusions: Integration of AI, HP-MR, and multimodal imaging information in pancreatic cancer may lead to the development of real-time biomarkers of early detection, assessing aggressiveness, and interrogating early efficacy of therapy in PDAC.
Facial emotion recognition and the development of delinquency: the mediating role of social bonds and self-control

Although facial emotion recognition has been identified as a potential factor influencing life-course-persistent delinquency, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains largely unknown. In ...
The Area Deprivation Index Corresponds Effectively With Other Measures of Objective Socioeconomic Status in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background and purpose How the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) performs compared to other measures of socioeconomic status (SES) is unknown. The study purpose is to compare the ADI and other measures of SES in their ability to predict pain severity/interference. Methods Four measures of SES were compared-ADI, income, education, and subjective social status (SSS). Results Pain severity/interference correlated positively with ADI (r = .396/r = .33), and negatively with income (r = -.507/r = -.428) and education (r = -.271/r = -.102). Criterion scores of the pain severity model suggest income performs best (AIC = 428.29/BIC = 436.22), followed by ADI (AIC = 437.24/BIC = 445.17), with education performing least well (AIC = 446.35/BIC = 454.29). Similar results were seen for the pain interference model. Conclusions Neighborhood-level factors warrant consideration along with individual-level factors when attempting to understand the impact of SES on chronic low back pain.
Clinical Dermatomyositis Associated with Anti-HMG-CoA Reductase Antibody Positive Immune Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: A Case Report (P2.125)

Objective: We report a case of adult onset clinical dermatomyositis in a patient with previous statin use and positive anti-HMG-CoA reductase antibodies. Background: Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with proximal skeletal muscle weakness and skin eruptions. A majority of dermatomyositis patients have myositis specific autoantibodies in the serum. Malignancy and interstitial lung disease are found in a portion of patients. Previous cases in the literature have demonstrated a correlation between lipid lowering statins and clinical dermatomyositis. However, to date, there have been no reports of a patient with dermatomyositis and co-existing immune mediated necrotizing myopathy with laboratory confirmed positive anti-HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) serum antibodies. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A 48-year-old Iranian male presented with a 4-year history of myalgias, proximal limb weakness, and rash (periorbital edema, heliotropic rash, malar region, anterior and posterior neck, scalp, and extensor surfaces of his arms) consistent with clinical features of dermatomyositis. He was taking Lovastatin 20mg BID for 10 years prior to the onset of his symptoms. Muscle weakness had not improved despite discontinuation of his statins and treatment with Prednisone and Mycofenolate Mofetil. CK elevation ranged from 3,000–20,000 U/L. EMG showed an irritable myopathy. Muscle biopsy showed scattered necrotic and regenerating fibers, no marked inflammation or perifascicular atrophy. Myositis antibody panel was negative. Anti-HMGCR antibody was highly positive (>200 units, normal is Conclusions: Statins have been previously linked to clinical dermatomyositis. Here we report the first known case of anti-HMGCR antibody confirmed immune mediated necrotizing myopathy with clinical features of dermatomyositis, yet pathologic findings consistent with necrotizing myopathy. Disclosure: Dr. Lavian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mozaffar has received personal compensation for activities with Sanofi Genzyme, Grifols, Amicus, Biomarin, Idera Pharmaceuticals and Ultragenyx. Dr. Mozaffar has received research support from Cytokinetics, Alexion, Amicus, Biomarin, Grifols, GlaxoSmithKline, Ultragenyx, and Novartis. Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose.
Mechanism of action of relaxin in human cervix

In many mammalian species the cervix must undergo marked connective tissue remodeling for successful parturition to occur. In spite of the significance of this process, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms responsible remain poorly defined. In various mammalian species, relaxin is a powerful agent in the reorganization of reproductive tract connective tissue. In several species, relaxin is obligatory for normal delivery due to this marked ability to rearrange connective tissue in the pubic symphysis and cervix. In women, elevated maternal circulating relaxin levels during human pregnancy are significantly correlated with an increased risk of premature delivery [1,2]. However, in spite of the importance of relaxin to normal reproductive function and its potential to be an etiologic agent in preterm delivery in women, knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which relaxin alters human cervical connective tissue is limited. The maintenance of connective tissue architecture requires a precise balance between the production of matrix metalloproteinases, which degrade the extracellular matrix, and the endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which regulate the activity of the metalloproteinases. The present studies were designed to determine the effects of relaxin on regulation of human cervical matrix metalloproteinase expression and to elucidate the mechanism of action of relaxin in these effects using an established in vitro model of human pregnancy cervix, lower uterine segment fibroblasts (hLUSF) [3].
Metacognition, Elaboration, and Knowledge Acquisition: Implications for Instructional Design.

The robustness of the effect of precise elaborations on memory and the relationship of these effects to metacognitions about learning was investigated in two studies. Twenty-six naive experimenters administered prepared tasks to 130 subjects. Participants rated the comprehensibility of each sentence as it was read. An unexpected cued-recall test with a confidence rating for each answer given was administered, followed by rating the ease of learning the types of items used in three treatments: precisely elaborated, imprecisely elaborated, and unelaborated base sentences. Both studies resulted in very similar findings: Memory for precise elaborations was 50% greater than for either imprecisely elaborated or unelaborated statements. Comprehension ratings of the three sets of statements were not significantly different. Confidence ratings of correctly answered items were significantly higher than of incorrectly answered items.
Chapter 30 Voting procedures

Publisher Summary The voting procedures used to elect candidates in large part determine whether elections are considered fair. The chapter focuses on the strategies that voters employ to try to effect better outcomes as long as they are allowed by the rules of a voting procedure. Voting procedures not only affect campaign strategies and electoral outcomes but also influence strategies and outcomes in legislatures, councils, and other voting bodies, wherein the alternatives that are voted on are not candidates but bills and resolutions. The chapter discusses how decision theory, and to a less extent game theory, can be used to illuminate the choice of better and worse strategies under different voting procedures. The strategic calculations that voters make result in outcomes that can be evaluated according to different normative criteria. The chapter describes some of the most important criteria that have been used to assess the quality of outcomes in voting bodies. Judgments about better and worse voting procedures can be made on the basis of these criteria. Preferential voting and proportional representation is described in the chapter that includes the Hare system of single transferable vote (STV), the Borda count, cumulative voting, and additional-member systems.