cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Higher Order Nonlinearity Measurement Techniques in Thin Adhesive Layer

In a recent paper [1] a nonlinear method was suggested to evaluate adhesive joint quality and it was pointed out that nonlinear measurements are more directly correlated to mechanical strengths than linear ones. In that paper a new dynamic acousto-elastic measurement technique was introduced and shown to be sensitive enough to measure both first and second order nonlinearities at load levels of 15% of the ultimate strength. At this stress level special geometry of the adhesive joint sample is required in order to adopt the sample to a high power loading machine. Lower stress levels however can be generated by low frequency high power ultrasonic transducer which would replace the loading machine and make the technique truly a nondestructive one. The objective of this paper is to introduce a more sensitive measurement technique to measure both first and second order nonlinearities in a thin adhesive layer at stress level of 1–2% of the ultimate strength.
One quarter million (500×500)pixel arrays of silicon microcavity plasma devices: Luminous efficacy above 6lumens∕watt with Ne/50% Xe mixtures and a green phosphor

Arrays comprising 250 000 Si microcavity plasma devices, each with an emitting aperture of 50×50μm2 and tapered sidewalls (inverted pyramid cavity), have been fabricated in 100-mm (4″) diam. wafers and operated in the rare gases and Ar∕N2 mixtures with sinusoidal ac or bipolar dc excitation. Having an overall active area of 25cm2 and a 25% filling factor, these 500×500 arrays exhibit the pixel-to-pixel emission uniformity characteristics of arrays at least a factor of 6 smaller, and yet are efficient in generating vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation. Luminous efficacies above 6lm∕W and luminance values approaching 2000cd∕m2 are measured when a 500×500 array, operating with a Ne/50% Xe gas mixture, illuminates a 20-μm-thick film of a commercial green phosphor (Mn:Zn2SiO4). Despite the nonoptimal transmission geometry of the array-phosphor structure, the efficacy and luminance produced by the VUV-driven phosphor for a Ne/50% Xe mixture and a total pressure of 800Torr are measured to be 7.2±0.6lm∕Watt and 525...
Side-Jump Mechanism for Ferromagnetic Hall Effect

We show the equivalence of the side-jump model of the ferromagnetic Hall effect recently proposed by Berger and the anomalous velocity contribution obtained by Luttinger and others. Specifically, starting from the cited anomalous velocity expression, we give a derivation (to the lowest Born order) of the (vector) side jump which an electron undergoes during a collision with an impurity for a system of ferromagnetically polarized free electrons, each interacting with the impurity centers, together with the concomitant spin-orbit interaction. The side jump obtained is independent of the strength and form of the impurity potential and agrees with the result of Berger.
A theory of cognition and negative affect: extending Gudykunst and Hammer's theory of uncertainty and anxiety reduction

Abstract The present work builds on Gudykunst and Hammer's (1988a) uncertainty/anxiety reduction theory of cross-cultural adaptation. Gudykunst and Hammer (1988a) suggest that anxiety and attributional confidence (the inverse of uncertainty reduction) play crucial roles in predicting cross-cultural interaction processes. The purpose of this essay is to (a) specify why, and (b) predict when, adaptation and/or communication effectiveness occur in a cross-cultural encounter. Specifically, two parallel processes are proposed to explain the degree of adaptation and/or communication effectiveness a sojourner might have in a cross-cultural encounter. Drawing on Witte's (1992a) fear appeal theory, it is argued that in cross-cultural encounters individuals engage in either uncertainty control processes which lead to adaptive outcomes (intercultural adaptation, communication effectiveness), or anxiety control processes which lead to maladaptive outcomes (isolation, withdrawal). Individuals are motivated to control their uncertainty when they believe they can predict how members of another culture will act, but do not feel too anxious about the encounter (i.e., high attributional confidence/low anxiety). In contrast, individuals are motivated to control their anxiety if they believe they cannot predict how a member of another culture will act or respond to them, and they are experiencing high levels of anxiety (i.e., low attributional confidence/high anxiety). A formula designed to predict which process is dominating, and which outcomes to expect (i.e., adaptive or maladaptive), is presented .
Modeling the Effect of Temperature and Precipitation on Crop Residue Potential for the North Central Region of the United States

In an effort to advance fuel security in this era of increasing fuel demand and climate change, crop residue can play an important role by serving as an alternative source of biofuel feedstock. Crop grain yield and residue production are tied to the changing climate over regional and global scale. Precipitation and temperature are among the prime climate variables that drive agricultural production across the globe. This study was carried out to understand the effect of temperature and precipitation on spatial distribution of crop residue yield potential at regional scale. Spatial autoregressive models were fitted for county level crop residue yield potential (as a major potential biomass feedstock) in the north central region of the United States using daily mean temperature and total precipitation during the crop growing season. The results of this observational study found the linear increasing trend in crop residue yield potential in most of the states across north central region of USA. Crop residue potential was also identified to have significant spatial variability. The influences of temperature and precipitation on crop residue yield potential exhibited significant interactions. Positive interaction effects were observed in states including Iowa, North Dakota, and Wisconsin. Negative interaction effects of daily mean temperature and total precipitation were observed in states including Illinois and Indiana. These results emphasize that the availability of crop residues for biofuels feedstocks will be sensitive to climatic variability and that these sensitivities will vary geographically.
Male mating success in the mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus : are small, young, inexperienced males at a disadvantage ?

Young, small, sexually-inexperienced males suffer lower mating success than older, larger, more experienced males in many species of animals. I compared the mating success of male Desmognathus ochrophaeus (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae) reared to maturity in the laboratory with that of males collected as adults in the field. Courtship trials were staged in the laboratory between single males and females. Laboratory-reared males were significantly smaller in body size than adult males collected in the field, were certainly inexperienced sexually and were probably younger. No difference was found between laboratory-reared males and field-collected males in any measure of mating success, although the former apparently produced smaller sperm masses. I conclude that newly-mature male D. ochrophaeus are not discriminated against by females in the context of mate choice, and do not need to “rehearse” courtship in order to obtain successful inseminations. However, newly-mature males are probably at a disadvantage in terms of aggressive and sperm competition with larger males.
Prolonged administration of low dose infusional etoposide in patients with advanced malignancies. A phase I/II study

Background. Etoposide displays remarkable schedule dependency. To better define the optimal dose and schedule, the authors administered etoposide as a prolonged low daily dose infusion in patients with a variety of advanced malignancies. Methods. Between October 1989 and April 1992, 40 patients met inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study; the initial dose of infusional etoposide was 25 mg/m2/day. Doses were not escalated further, because it became evident that 25 mg/m2/day was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in most patients using this prolonged schedule. Because the initial dose proved to be the MTD on this prolonged schedule, several patients received a starting dose of either 20 mg/m2/day or 18 mg/m2/day. This continuous infusion was administered for at least 21 days or until either the leukocyte count dropped to less than 2,000/mm3, platelets dropped to less than 75,000/ mm3, or tumor progression occurred. Plasma etoposide levels were obtained at random times during infusions at 25mg/m2/day. Results. Duration of therapy ranged from 15–561 days. Myelosuppression was the major toxic reaction, although it was mild in most patients and reduced compared with other schedules. Myelosuppression correlated with the extent of prior treatment: minimally pretreated patients tolerated prolonged infusions with only mild hematologic toxic effects, whereas heavily pretreated patients experienced moderate myelosuppression. Patients treated at an initial dose of 25mg/m2/day had more myelosuppression than did those treated at 20mg/m2/day. A leukocyte count of less than 1,000/mm3 developed in only 5 of 40 patients (12%) at any time during therapy. Twenty-one patients required packed erythrocyte transfusions, and one required platelet transfusion. The mean serum etoposide concentration in patients receiving 25 mg/m2/day was 0.7 plus or minus 0.42 μg/ml. Objective responses were obtained in 5 of 10 patients with previously treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 2 of 3 patients with previously untreated extensive stage small cell lung cancer. Conclusions. Etoposide administered by continuous infusion can be given at 25mg/m2/day for prolonged periods to most patients and is the MTD in previously treated patients. Tumoricidal activity in selected tumor types is demonstrated with this dose. Further study in neoplasms that considered “etoposide-sensitive” seems warranted. Cancer 1994; 73:2824–31.
First-principles study of constitutional and thermal point defects in B2 PdIn

Abstract We performed first-principles calculations to investigate the point defect structure of B2 PdIn. In agreement with experiments, our calculations show that Pd vacancies and Pd antisites are the constitutional point defects in In-rich and Pd-rich B2 PdIn, respectively. To predict the thermal defect concentrations at finite temperatures, we adopted the statistical-mechanical Wagner–Schottky model in combination with our first-principles calculated point defect formation enthalpies. Our calculations suggest that the predominant thermals defects in B2 PdIn are of triple-defect type and not of Schottky type.
Signals for the formation of the singlet D and P states of charmonium in p̄p collisions

We calculate the angular distribution of the photons produced in the decays of the singlet [ital D] and singlet [ital P] states in charmonium directly produced by unpolarized proton-antiproton ([ital p[bar p]]) collisions. The reactions we study are (1) [ital p[bar p]][r arrow][sup 1][ital D][sub 2][r arrow][sup 1][ital P][sub 1]+[gamma], (2) [ital p[bar p]][r arrow][sup 1][ital D][sub 2][r arrow]1 [sup 3][ital S][sub 1]+[gamma], and (3) [ital p[bar p]][r arrow][sup 1][ital P][sub 1][r arrow][sup 1][ital S][sub 0]+[gamma]. We also study the angular distribution of the electron ([ital e][sup [minus]]) in the cascade process (4) [ital p[bar p]][r arrow][sup 1][ital P][sub 1][r arrow][psi]+[pi][sup 0][r arrow]([ital e][sup +][ital e][sup [minus]])+([gamma][sub 1][gamma][sub 2]). Simple and distinct expressions are found for each case. The observation of the photon or electron (as the case may be) with the appropriate energy and the distinct angular distribution may be taken as a signal for the formation of the singlet [ital D] and [ital P] state resonance formation in [ital p[bar p]] collisions.
The Floyd Puzzle: Reply to Yagisawa

of the form Sa and -,Sb then one will be disposed to think --,(a=-b). This is curious. It is true that Floyd's beliefs are about Lois's beliefs. But they are also about Lois, about Superman, and about Clark Kent. Now, (1) is true in virtue of the fact that the sentence 'Lois believes that Superman flies' (or its Mentalese translation) is in Floyd's belief box. This sentence may be parsed as 'A(l)', where '1' refers to Lois and 'A( )' means '( ) believes that Superman flies'. But it may also be parsed as 'F(s)', where 's' refers to Superman and 'F( )' means 'Lois believes that ( ) flies'. In fact, a better parsing is 'B(l)(s)', where 'B( )( )' means '( ) believes that ( ) flies'. But since the occurrence of 'l' is irrelevant to the question of Floyd's rationality, it might as well be incorporated into a predicate. That is why it is perfectly legitimate to speak of 'F(s)', with 's' referring to Superman. But let us stick to 'B(l)(s)'. Is Schiffer's criticism weakened in any way? No. It goes through unscathed. (1) is true in virtue of the fact that Floyd has 'B(l)(s)' in his belief box, (2) is true in virtue of the fact that he has '-,B(l)(k)' in his belief box, but he neither has nor is disposed to have 's k' in his belief box. This does flout Floyd's rationality, given Schiffer's criterion of rationality. Since Adams et al. do not challenge Schiffer's criterion of rationality, I conclude that they have not shown Schiffer's criticism to be deficient.
On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl

During the 1930s, the United States experienced one of the most devastating droughts of the past century. The drought affected almost two-thirds of the country and parts of Mexico and Canada and was infamous for the numerous dust storms that occurred in the southern Great Plains. In this study, we present model results that indicate that the drought was caused by anomalous tropical sea surface temperatures during that decade and that interactions between the atmosphere and the land surface increased its severity. We also contrast the 1930s drought with other North American droughts of the 20th century.
Apoprotein B localization in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rat skeletal muscles

This communication documents for the first time the presence of an endogeneous macromolecule of biological importance, a lipoprotein, inside normal rat skeletal muscle cells but absent in those from rats made diabetic by streptozotocin treatment. Apoprotein B was localized in the vascular components and interstitial spaces surrounding both control and diabetic extensor digitorum muscles as revealed by immunofluorescence. However, in muscles from control but not diabetic rats, apoprotein B was also observed inside the myofibres, especially in regions adjacent to capillaries. The staining pattern was unaltered by the addition of albumin to the antisera and was absent in all situations in which absorbed antisera were tested.
Negative Transfer in Children's Recall of Categorized Materials.

Abstract A negative transfer paradigm was used to assess kindergarten, third-, and sixth-grade (approximately 5, 9, and 12 years old) children's use of category relations in lists presented for recall. Negative transfer effects increased with age, with kindergarten children showing no evidence of interference relative to a control group.
Production of E6 scalar leptoquarks in ep collisions

Abstract In E6 superstring models, there are exotic scalar particles of charge ± 1 3 (Dc, D) with Yukawa interactions DceLuL and DeLcuLc. They are thus ideally suited for production in ep collisions. We present a detailed analysis of the signal and background, and discuss some possible further implications.
Letter from the new Editor-in-Chief

It is a pleasure and honor to introduce myself as the new Editor-in-Chief of Coral Reefs. Professor Rolf Bak has stepped down from the position after 5 years of extraordinary growth for the journal. Professor Bak, Assistant to the Editor Dr. Betsy Gladfelter, and the hard working Topic Editors who have worked with Rolf deserve a heartfelt thank you. Fortunately, much of that editorial team will continue on in their positions.
Magnetoencephalography in partial epilepsy : Clinical yield and localization accuracy

The goals of this study were to determine (1) the yield of magnetoencephalography (MEG) according to epilepsy type, (2) if MEG spike sources colocalize with focal epileptogenic pathology, and (3) if MEG can identify the epileptogenic zone when scalp ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fail to localize it. Twenty-two patients with mesial temporal (10 patients), neocortical temporal (3 patients), and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (9 patients) were studied. A 37-channel biomagnetometer was used for simultaneously recording MEG with EEG. During the typical 2-3-hour MEG recording session, interictal epileptiform activity was observed in 16 of 22 patients. MEG localization yield was greater in patients with neocortical epilepsy (92%) than in those with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (50%). In 5 of 6 patients with focal epileptogenic pathology, MEG spike sources were colocalized with the lesions. In 11 of 12 patients with nonlocalizing (ambiguous abnormalities or normal) MRI, MEG spike sources were localized in the region of the epileptogenic zone as ultimately defined by all clinical and EEG information (including intracranial EEG). In conclusion, MEG can reliably localize sources of spike discharges in patients with temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy. MEG sometimes provides noninvasive localization data that are not otherwise available with MRI or conventional scalp ictal EEG.
Optical properties of self-assembled II-VI quantum dots

We discuss optical properties of self-assembled CdSe-based quantum dots (QDs) studied by photoluminescence (PL), selective PL, PL excitation, and magneto-PL in our laboratory as well as by other groups. Our own QD specimens were fabricated by depositing approximately 3 monolayers of CdSe on ZnSe using MBE. Samples consisting of capped QDs showed intense excitonic transitions from the QD ensemble. The PL spectra were strongly inhomogeneously broadened, but survived to relatively high temperatures without further broadening of the PL line. Selective PL showed clear LO- phonon resonances which--together with the observed temperature stability of the PL band--clearly indicate that the broad band is a superposition of atomic-like spectra emitted by strongly localized excitons. In addition to CdSe QDs on ZnSe, we also studied magneto-PL of QD systems involving diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs), in an attempt to determine the degree of exciton localization in the dots. While these experiments are still inconclusive, the results--and particularly the observation of a dramatic magnetic-field-induced enhancement of PL intensity in DMS based systems--are extremely interesting in their own right, and will also be discussed.
Cotton mather and homiletics

This essay investigates Cotton Mather's views on the Covenant of Grace, credibility, and reason, and their relationship to his homiletical theory.
Eigenvalues and structure of compartmental models

Abstract The “spread” of the nonzero eigenvalues of a compartmental matrix is studied by reference to the associated directed graph. It is related to the eigenvalues of the matrices of the individual cycles for certain strongly connected directed graphs. The equilibrium solution to the entire model is also an equilibrium solution to the model consisting of the individual cycles.
Through a Glass, Clearly? A Computer Program for Generalized Adaptive Filtering

Makridakis and Wheelwright's algorithm for generalized adaptive filtering was described as adapted for a stand-alone, single-user computer system. Also discussed was an application of the algorithm to analysis of time series data pertaining to depiction of interpersonal relationships in cartoons published in the New Yorker and the Saturday Evening Post between 1929 and 1979. General problems of causal modeling were considered within the framework of experimental-correlational controversy with suggestions for its transcendence.
Radial intercalation is regulated by the Par complex and the microtubule-stabilizing protein CLAMP/Spef1

The directed movement of cells is critical for numerous developmental and disease processes. A developmentally reiterated form of migration is radial intercalation; the process by which cells move in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the tissue from an inner layer to an outer layer. We use the radial intercalation of cells into the skin of Xenopus laevis embryos as a model to study directed cell migration within an epithelial tissue. We identify a novel function for both the microtubule-binding protein CLAMP and members of the microtubule-regulating Par complex during intercalation. Specifically, we show that Par3 and aPKC promote the apical positioning of centrioles, whereas CLAMP stabilizes microtubules along the axis of migration. We propose a model in which the Par complex defines the orientation of apical migration during intercalation and in which subcellular localization of CLAMP promotes the establishment of an axis of microtubule stability required for the active migration of cells into the outer epithelium.
Markov pyramid models in image analysis

The use of statistical pattern recognition techniques in image processing has led to simplifying assumptions on the statistical interdependence of the pixel value of an image, which allow theoretical analysis and/or computational implementation to be achieved. For instance, the assumption of statistical independence of the values or that their joint distributions are multivariate normal, simplifies the analysis enormously. However, these results are very limiting in representing models for data, and do not allow for analysis of arbitrary spatial dependencies, in the data. One method for modeling two-dimensional data on a lattice array has been developed by Abend et al. called the Markov mesh model, and is a generalization of the familiar 1D Markov chain. The Markov mesh model allows the use of a class of spatial dependencies that is popular in many 2D data processing schemes, including image processing. One advantage of using this model is that it allows a computationally attractive implementation of statistical procedures involving joint and conditional probabilities. In this paper, we generalize Abend et al.'s results to a more comprehensive model, which we call the Markov pyramid model, using the concept of partial ordering. We present the necessary background for this model and show that Abend's model is a special case of our model. Finally, we present a simple application of our results to texture modeling.
Physics of a high luminosity collider operated near charm and tau pair thresholds

Abstract The current plans for a high luminosity e + e − collider operated between 3.0 and 4.4 GeV/ c 2 are described. Such a dedicated facility ( The Tau-Charm Factory ), operating near tau-pair and charm thresholds would allow studies of the decay of the third generation tau-lepton and the second generation c-quark with unprecedented precision and control of systematics. The charm physics of such a facility is discussed.
Flicker (1f) noise: Equilibrium temperature and resistance fluctuations

We have measured the $\frac{1}{f}$ voltage noise in continuous metal films. At room temperature, samples of pure metals and bismuth (with a carrier density smaller by ${10}^{5}$) of similar volume had comparable noise. The power spectrum ${S}_{V}(f)$ was proportional to $\frac{{\overline{V}}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\Omega}{f}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}$, where $\overline{V}$ is the mean voltage across the sample, $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is the sample volume, and $1.0\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.4$. $\frac{{S}_{V}(f)}{{\overline{V}}^{2}}$ was reduced as the temperature was lowered. Manganin, with a temperature coefficient of resistance ($\ensuremath{\beta}$) close to zero, had no discernible noise. These results suggest that the noise arises from equilibrium temperature fluctuations modulating the resistance to give ${S}_{V}(f)\ensuremath{\propto}\frac{{\overline{V}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}{k}_{B}{T}^{2}}{{C}_{V}}$, where ${C}_{V}$ is the total heat capacity of the sample. The noise was spatially correlated over a length $\ensuremath{\lambda}(f)\ensuremath{\approx}{(\frac{D}{f})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$, where $D$ is the thermal diffusivity, implying that the fluctuations obey a diffusion equation. The usual theoretical treatment of spatially uncorrelated temperature fluctuations gives a spectrum that flattens at low frequencies in contradiction to the observed spectrum. However, the empirical inclusion of an explicit $\frac{1}{f}$ region and appropriate normalization lead to $\frac{{S}_{V}(f)}{{\overline{V}}^{2}}\ensuremath{\propto}\frac{{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}{k}_{B}{T}^{2}}{{C}_{V}}[3+2\mathrm{ln}(\frac{l}{w})]f$, where $l$ is the length and $w$ is the width of the film, in excellent agreement with the measured noise. If the fluctuations are assumed to be spatially correlated, the diffusion equation can yield an extended $\frac{1}{f}$ region in the power spectrum. We show that the temperature response of a sample to $\ensuremath{\delta}$- and step-function power inputs has the same shape as the autocorrelation function for uncorrelated and correlated temperature fluctuations, respectively. The spectrum obtained from the cosine transform of the measured step-function response is in excellent agreement with the measured $\frac{1}{f}$ voltage noise spectrum. Spatially correlated equilibrium temperature fluctuations are not the dominant source of $\frac{1}{f}$ noise in semiconductors and discontinuous metal films. However, the agreement between the low-frequency spectrum of fluctuations in the mean-square Johnson-noise voltage and the resistance fluctuation spectrum measured in the presence of a current demonstrates that in these systems the $\frac{1}{f}$ noise is also due to equilibrium resistance fluctuations.
Atomic assembly of metal surfaces and interfaces

Abstract Inert gas ion impacts can be used to manipulate atomic assembly processes during the growth of metallic superlattices but the detailed mechanisms are not well understood. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effects of ion incident angle and fluence upon the reassembly and structure of a copper surface partially covered with cobalt asperities. In the low ion energy regime, increasing the ion fluence decreases the cobalt layer surface roughness while gradually leading to an increase in the degree of interfacial mixing. The flattening of asperities occurs by direct (athermal) ion activation of an Ehrlich–Schwoebel mechanism of atom jumping. Intermixing of cobalt surface atoms in an underlying copper layer is found to occur by a knock-on process and the lowest energy barriers for this occur in low-index 〈1 1 0〉 and 〈1 1 2〉 crystal (channeling) directions. The mechanistic insights gained from the study are used to simulate the ion assisted growth of a Cu/Co/Cu multilayer system. Using ion parameters chosen to selectively activate atomic assembly mechanisms that promote flat, unmixed interfacial structures, it is shown that Cu/Co/Cu multilayer structures with high quality, smooth and chemically sharp interfaces can be obtained by using oblique, low energy, moderate fluence ion assistance with an ion mass that is similar to the atomic mass of the metals.
Paediatric embryonic brain tumours: biological and clinical relevance of molecular genetic abnormalities

Embryonal tumours constitute the largest group of malignant paediatric brain tumours. Their origin and histological classification remain somewhat controversial. However, in recent years real progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular genetic abnormalities that govern the initiation and/or progression of these tumours. A number of these abnormalities appear to involve alterations in signalling systems that control normal cerebellar development. Increasing our understanding of both the biology and clinical relevance of these molecular defects is a major challenge to the field of paediatric neuro-oncology. However, it likely represents the only means by which we will advance the management of these tumours, significantly reducing disease-related morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the principal molecular genetic abnormalities so far identified in embryonal brain tumours and discusses their biological and clinical relevance.
Fiber/matrix interfacial thermal conductance effect on the thermal conductivity of SiC/SiC composites

Abstract SiC/SiC composites used in fusion reactor applications are subjected to high heat fluxes and require knowledge and tailoring of their in-service thermal conductivity. Accurately predicting the thermal conductivity of SiC/SiC composites as a function of temperature will guide the design of these materials for their intended use, which will eventually include the effects of 14-MeV neutron irradiations. This paper applies an Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach (EMTA) to compute the thermal conductivity of unirradiated SiC/SiC composites. The homogenization procedure includes three steps. In the first step EMTA computes the homogenized thermal conductivity of the unidirectional (UD) SiC fiber embraced by its coating layer. The second step computes the thermal conductivity of the UD composite formed by the equivalent SiC fibers embedded in a SiC matrix, and finally the thermal conductivity of the as-formed SiC/SiC composite is obtained by averaging the solution for the UD composite over all possible fiber orientations using the second-order fiber orientation tensor. The EMTA predictions for the transverse thermal conductivity of several types of SiC/SiC composites with different fiber types and interfaces are compared to the predicted and experimental results by Youngblood et al. [J. Nucl. Mater. 307–311 (2002) 1120–1125, Fusion Sci. Technol. 45 (2004) 583–591, Compos. Sci. Technol. 62 (2002) 1127–1139.]
Stability and Convergence of a Hyperbolic Tangent Method for Singular Integral Equations

In this paper we reexamine a previously proposed quadrature scheme, [VENTURINO], based on a formula proposed in [STENGER, 1976]. Our goal is to establish a stability result for the dominant singular integral equation of index one, and from it derive the error analysis for the proposed numerical method. The convergence of the method can then be extended to the first kind complete equation and to the equation of index zero. Finally the modifications necessary for applying this analysis to a recently proposed scheme for Hadamard finite part integral equations are examined. In all these proofs the necessary assumption we need to make is to restrict our considerations to a compact subset of the interval in which the equation is formulated, containing all the nodes where the unknown is evaluated.
INTRAVENOUS INSULIN INFUSION THERAPY: INDICATIONS, METHODS, AND TRANSITION TO SUBCUTANEOUS INSULIN THERAPY

Objective: To describe indications for intravenous (IV) insulin infusion therapy and glycemic thresholds, discuss methods and protocols, and promote use of and access to IV insulin infusion therapy for all appropriate patients in the hospital setting. Results: Randomized, prospectively designed trials support the use of IV insulin infusion therapy for patients in the surgical intensive-care unit, including postoperative cardiac patients and patients having myocardial infarction. Among patients in the surgical intensive-care unit, reanalysis of the data suggested no threshold at which benefit occurred above the blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL. In another study, retrospective analysis of data among critically ill medical and surgical patients suggested a target blood glucose level of 145 mg/dL or less. In other populations, the threshold or ideal target blood glucose range has not been determined. Three protocols for IV insulin infusion are described that maintain blood glucose levels safely below the uppe...
Potential Spread of White-Nose Syndrome of Bats to the Northwest: Epidemiological Considerations

In the past several years, a fungal epidemic has devastated hibernating bat populations in eastern North America, with an estimated loss of 5.7 to 6.7 million bats as of January 2012. The potential for the disease to spread to bat populations in the western states and Canadian provinces remains unknown, but is cause for significant concern. This wildlife health crisis has been dubbed white-nose syndrome (WNS), for the distinctive white fungal growth that appears on the muzzles, ears, and wing membranes of affected bats. This fungus, the recently named species Geomyces destructans, has been determined to be the causal agent of WNS. However, relatively little is currently known about the ecology of this organism, its potential for invasiveness in the Northwest, and about how disease spreads within and between bat populations. Our purpose here is to summarize current epidemiological knowledge about WNS, in an ecological context relevant to efforts to understand the epidemic and predict its potential to spread to western bat populations. Because of strong similarities between WNS and some invasive fungal diseases of crops and forests, our approach is to incorporate epidemiological perspectives borrowed from the field of plant pathology as well as from wildlife pathology. We highlight research needs that will help to understand, predict, and manage this devastating wildlife disease.
Starspot-Induced Radial Velocity Variability in LkCa 19

We describe a new radial velocity survey of T Tauri stars and present the first results. Our search is motivated by an interest in detecting massive young planets, as well as investigating the origin of the brown dwarf desert. As part of this survey, we discovered large-amplitude, periodic, radial velocity variations in the spectrum of the weak-line T Tauri star LkCa 19. Using line bisector analysis and a new simulation of the effect of starspots on the photometric and radial velocity variability of T Tauri stars, we show that our measured radial velocities for LkCa 19 are fully consistent with variations caused by the presence of large starspots on this rapidly rotating young star. These results illustrate the level of activity-induced radial velocity noise associated with at least some very young stars. This activity-induced noise will set lower limits on the mass of a companion detectable around LkCa 19 and similarly active young stars.
A rapid and efficient microassay of ornithine decarboxylase.

Abstract A simple microassay for ornithine decarboxylase is described which utilized the wells of a spot assay plate to contain the reaction and a Ba(OH) 2 -soaked glass film filter to collect 14 CO 2 . The efficiency and accuracy of the method were evaluated. This assay has been used successfully under a variety of conditions, and can be adapted to assay other decarboxylase.
"Make My Day, Shoot a Teacher": Tactics of Inclusion and Exclusion, and the Contestation of Community in a Rural School-Community Conflict.

Far from being the harmonious and homogenous communities of popular imagination, rural communities often are characterised by stark differences in class-situated values over education philosophy and financing. These differences can produce contentious political environments, vastly complexifying local decision-making, including school district policy-making, budgeting, and teacher contract negotiations. Through an exemplar case study, we examine one such conflict and how a hegemonic narrative was constructed by local actors to consolidate political power using crafted constructions of ‘other’ and competing narratives of community and community membership. This paper explores ‘insider–outsider’ identity constructions arising out of community–school conflict, and the ways in which rural teachers, working from the position of ‘outsider', navigated these constructions.
Improved Flow Rate in Electro-Osmotic Micropumps for Combinations of Substrates and Different Liquids With and Without Nanoparticles

A new design for an electro-osmotic flow (EOF) driven micropump was fabricated. Considering thermal management applications, three different types of micropumps were tested using multiple liquids. The micropumps were fabricated from a combination of materials, which included: silicon-polydimethylsiloxane (Si-PDMS), Glass-PDMS, or PDMS-PDMS. The flow rates of the micropumps were experimentally and numerically assessed. Different combinations of materials and liquids resulted in variable values of zeta-potential. The ranges of zeta-potential for Si-PDMS, Glass-PDMS, and PDMS-PDMS were −42.5–−50.7 mV, −76.0–−88.2 mV, and −76.0–−103.0 mV, respectively. The flow rates of the micropumps were proportional to their zeta-potential values. In particular, flow rate values were found to be linearly proportional to the applied voltages below 500 V. A maximum flow rate of 75.9 μL/min was achieved for the Glass-PDMS micropump at 1 kV. At higher voltages nonlinearity and reduction in flow rate occurred due to Joule heating and the axial electro-osmotic current leakage through the silicon substrate. The fabricated micropumps could deliver flow rates, which were orders of magnitude higher compared to the previously reported values for similar size micropumps. It is expected that such an increase in flow rate, particularly in the case of the Si-PDMS micropump, would lead to enhanced heat transfer for microchip cooling applications as well as for applications involving micrototal analysis systems (μTAS).
Critical Information Literacy: Implications for Instructional Practice

This article uses critical literacy theory to define information literacy. It argues that to be educators, librarians must focus less on information transfer and more on developing critical consciousness in students. Using concepts from literacy theory, the author suggests ways library practice would change if librarians redefined themselves as literacy educators.
Aerodynamic Performance of a Scale-Model, Counterrotating Unducted Fan

The aerodynamic performance of a scale model, counter-rotating unducted fan has been determined and the results are discussed. Experimental investigations were conducted using the scale model propulsor simulator and uniquely shaped fan blades. The blades, designed for a high disk loading at Mach 0.72 at 35,000 feet altitude maximum climb condition are aft-mounted on the simulator in a pusher configuration. Data are compared with analytical predictions at the design point and show good agreement.
Cone-beam CT during prostatic artery embolization: a necessary adjunct to DSA to prevent complication

No. 352 Transcatheter arterial embolization for chest wall injury: 10 year experience C. Tingerides, G. Annamalai, S. Kaduri, C. Dey, R. Pugash, E. David; Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada Purpose: To present our experience in Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) for hemorrhage following chest wall injury, both traumatic and iatrogenic. We provide a pictorial summary of the full range of angiographic findings and embolization techniques utilized. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of all patients treated with TAE for this indication in a period of 10 years: from August 2004 to August 2014 in our institution, a level I trauma centre. Data was obtained from electronic records, preand post-procedural imaging, procedure reports and laboratory results. Results: A total of thirteen patients were treated during this period. Seven patients had blunt trauma to the chest wall. Four patients had penetrating injury (two stabbings and two gunshot wounds). In four cases the injuries were iatrogenic (three due to chest tube insertion and one blunt injury from cardiopulmonary JVIR ’ Posters and Exhibits S157
The effect of vitamin E on reproduction in dogs on milk diets

Summary 1. Evaporated milk supplemented with iron, copper, manganese, and cod-liver oil supports normal growth in dogs but does not allow normal reproduction of the young by females on this diet. 2. The administration of from 5 to 25 mg. of α-tocopherol per week during the gestation period failed to correct the difficulty. Further addition of vitamin K and thiamine did not allow the young pups to survive. 3. When 40 mg. of α-tocopherol were fed weekly during the gestation period, normal reproduction occurred, although one of the four pups showed slight muscle dystrophy. The others were normal and after weaning grew satisfactorily on evaporated milk.
Positive Principal Minor Property of Linear Transformations on Euclidean Jordan Algebras

In this article, we study the positive principal minor (PPM) property of linear transformations on Euclidean Jordan algebras. Specifically, we give a characterization of the PPM property on the Lorentz space ℒ n and show that the PPM property implies the Q property. We also study a matrix-induced transformation on ℒ n .
Preparation of photoaffinity labels of pepsin with p-Nitro, p-Azido and p-Diazophenyl ligands and a study of the effects of irradiation of pepsin

Abstract Pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) was labeled with the following photoactive ligands and the labeled enzyme in each case was isolated: (a) p -diazobenzenesulfonic acid; (b) N - α -( p -N 3 Phe)-Leu-Val-Lys-Val-Pro-Leu-Val-Arg-Lys-Lys-Ser-Leu-OH; (c) p -NO 2 Phe; and (d) N - α -( p -NO 2 Phe)-Leu-Val-Lys-Val-Pro-Leu-Val-Arg-Lys-LysSer-Leu-OH. Peptides (b) and (d) were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Photolabeling with (a) and (b) occurred within 10 min of irradiation, with pepsin undergoing minor but detectable changes on irradiation. However, an irradiation time of 1 h was required to obtain significant yields of the labeled pepsin with photoligands (c) and (d). A study of the effect of irradiation on pepsin activity showed that the activity is decreased by more than 20% at irradiation times longer than 15 min. A comparison of the CD and fluorescence spectra of labeled pepsin with those of the native enzyme revealed considerable changes in the enzyme conformation upon irradiation and attachment of ligands. A general reduction of enzymatic activity was observed for pepsin labeled with (a) and (b). In view of the significant damage to pepsin that already occurred during 1 h irradiation, the spectral or enzymatic studies of pepsin or other proteins labeled with ligands containing the p -nitrophenyl group should be treated cautiously.
Inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase in intact rat liver mitochondria by dopamine.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) within isolated rat liver mitochondria was inactivated by incubation with dopamine. Concurrent with this inactivation, incorporation of radioactivity from 14C-labelled dopamine into three mitochondrial matrix proteins (subunit mol.wt. = 120,000; 54,000; 20,000 daltons) occurred. The 54,000 mol.wt. protein also interacted with antihuman mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase antibody. Inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase by dopamine occurred more readily in females than in males. Use of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitors (deprenyl and clorgyline) partially protected against inactivation. Monoamine oxidase catalyzed conversion of to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde only partially accounted for aldehyde dehydrogenase activity loss.
Medicalization and pharmaceuticalization at the intersections: Looking backward, sideways and forward

Medicalization studies have changed dramatically in the past decade in part due to the increased attention to the role of pharmaceuticals and the pharmaceutical industry in modern life. This review paper explores the relationship between the concepts of medicalization and the newly developed terms of pharmaceuticalization and the pharmaceuticalization of public health. We show how and why modernist thinking limits the terms' utility to explain a world in which both modern and postmodern objects and people interact with each other. We provide a framework for reconceptualizing and empirically studying these key processes of the 21st century.
Consecutive interval query and dynamic programming on intervals

Abstract Given a set of n points (nodes) on a line and a set of m weighted intervals defined on the nodes, we consider a particular dynamic programming (DP) problem on these intervals. If the weight function of the DP has convex or concave property, we can solve this DP problem efficiently by using matrix searching in Monge matrices, together with a new query data structure, which we call the consecutive query structure. We invoke our algorithm to obtain fast algorithms for sequential partition of a graph and for maximum K -clique of an interval graph.
Correlated jitter sampling for jitter cancellation in pipelined TDC

In this paper, the Correlated Jitter Sampling (CJS) technique, which alleviates the jitter induced error from the time reference in pipelined Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC), is proposed. The auxiliary pipelined TDC is employed to remove the jitter induced error of the main pipelined TDC in the CJS technique. A 12b pipelined TDC adopting the CJS technique in the 1st time quantization stage is simulated to validate the proposed technique. Simulation results show that the TDC can achieve a flat SNDR performance of 70dB regardless of the jitter from time reference up to 25% jitter of 1T LSB in reference clock, which is the maximum error allowed within a designed redundancy range of the pipelined TDC.
Extracting speedup from C-code with poor instruction-level parallelism

Scientific computing and multimedia applications frequently call loop-intensive functions that dominate execution time. Applying homogeneous, parallel processors (e.g. single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) and very-long instruction word (VLIW)) is a common approach to minimizing execution time. However, many benchmark applications offer disappointing degrees of instruction-level parallelism (ILP) that cause these architectures to fall short of expected performance gains. This paper presents findings on execution time speedup achieved by heterogeneous massively parallel processors - standard reduced instruction-set computing (RISC) CPUs tightly coupled with arrays of super-complex instruction-set computing (SuperCISC) datapaths on the same chip. SuperCISC datapaths are created by mapping frequently-called functions into reconfigurable hardware. Encouraging performance results from the RISC/SuperCISC architecture point to the efficiency of reconfigurable devices to support large numbers of parallel computational accelerators. Calls to SuperCISC functions can greatly expedite execution time when applied to CPUs that support extensible instruction sets. In this paper we show how SuperCISC functions can accelerate an application up to 25x over a 4-way VLIW. SuperCISC functions show superlinear speedup, a performance gain significantly greater than the software's ILP. SuperCISC functions also benefit from cycle compression, or a reduction of the idle cycle time for an operation to execute within a traditional CPU. Implementing software controls, or if-then-else statements, as hardware multiplexers within a SuperCISC function further advances performance.
Multiple-Father Families and Welfare:

In the United States, multipartnered fertility (MPF) has become commonplace. This study provides the first nationally representative measures of women’s MPF, across multiple years, using the U.S. Census Bureau’s Surveys of Income and Program Participation. Because welfare rules contain strong incentives for MPF, and because MPF is especially common among welfare recipients, the authors also examine the relationship between welfare and MPF. Focusing on the pre-TANF period 1985 to 1996, when welfare rules were more comparable across states and the absence of time limits made the incentives for MPF larger, the authors find little behavioral response. Among low-income mothers, MPF does not appear to be driven by program design. Because the incentives were relatively large and reached well up the income distribution, the findings amplify those of earlier studies that show little demographic response to antipoverty programs and invite reconsideration of how much these incentives should constrain transfer progra...