cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical Evaluation Using Adjustable Steam Seal in Turbine Flow Section

This paper describes the characteristics and problems of Labyrinth(sparse teeth)steam seal used in the existing steam turbine,and introduces the working principle and application of adjustable steam seal(Bryden).Then it evaluates the impact of the steam seal on the turbine economy and practicality by using the measured result.According to the results of the different capacity units,it gives qualitative analysis and the conclusive assessment.
267 ATTENUATION OF HEME INDUCTION FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO TIN MESOPORPHYRIN IN MICE

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme and produces equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and bilirubin. HO-1 can be induced by several conditions and compounds, including heme. Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), a competitive inhibitor of HO, is currently in clinical trials for use in the prevention of neonatal jaundice. Our objective was to determine the effect of SnMP on heme induction following heme exposure. In vivo heme degradation rates were measured by quantitating total body CO excretion (VeCO) in adult male mice (6-8 wk old) by gas chromatography (GC). After baseline VeCO were established, mice were administered 30-μM of hemin or SnMP or vehicle (VEH) by oral gavage (1st exposure). After 3 h of VeCO monitoring, mice were gavaged with 30-μM hemin or VEH (2nd exposure). VeCO levels were then followed until peak levels were reached. 24 h later, VeCO and liver, spleen, and intestine HO activity were quantitated by GC. All values are expressed as fold change (mean±SD) from control (*p≤0.05). (Table) In the VEH-heme group, VeCO and liver HO activity significantly increased 2.8- and 1.8-fold following heme treatment, respectively. In the heme-heme group, VeCO increased 3.8- and 7.5-fold and following the 1st and 2nd heme exposure. Spleen and liver HO activities were 1.9- and 1.8-fold higher than controls, respectively. In mice pre-treated with SnMP, VeCO was 20% inhibited and did not increase following heme treatment. Spleen HO activity was inhibited by 40%. We conclude that successive exposures to heme does not alter VeCO rates, and that SnMP treatment attenuates heme-mediated increases in VeCO and HO activity. These findings suggest that SnMP is a potent inhibitor of HO with an effect lasting at least 24 h, which may be advantageous in the context of jaundice caused by an ongoing hemolytic process.
Operative Strategies and Outcomes in Type A Aortic Dissection After the Enactment of a Multidisciplinary Aortic Surgery Team.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare operative strategies and patient outcomes in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) repairs before and after the implementation of a multi-discipli...
Managerial Myopia and Debt Maturity

We argue that firms with relatively shorter term debt face higher managerial myopia. Because shorter term debt is less sensitive to the firm's long-term performance, short-term debtholders have less incentive to monitor the firm management regarding myopic investments. Myopic versus long-term investments affect the value of the firm differently at different horizons, and ultimately the firm's short-term and long-term equity returns. We use a generated instrumental variables approach to distinguish the fraction of debt maturity reduction due to investor preference and not firm preference. Ceteris paribus, at the mean issuance debt maturity of almost 10 years, we find that for a one year reduction in debt maturity due to investor preference, five-year equity returns fall by about 2.1% per annum. The benefits of monitoring by debtholders can be quite significant for equityholders.
The Impact of Organizational Health on Student Achievement in a High Needs District

This study establishes the relationship between organizational health and student achievement in English Language Arts and Mathematics in grades 3-11. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the relationship between student achievement as measured by student performance in the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness and organizational health. The Spearman Rho correlation coefficient was computed to determine the strength of the relationships between student achievement and the ten dimensions of organizational health. The findings indicated there was a positive relationship between student performance and the dimensions of organizational health with morale and goal focus exhibiting the greatest strengths. Key words: organizational health, dimensions, accountability, school culture, organizational culture
Charge Space, Exceptional Observables and Groups

It is shown that a class of exceptional quantum mechanical spaces represented by octonionic matrices and first introduced by Jordan, von Neumann and Wigner are suitable for representing the states of basic fermionic constituents (leptons and quarks) of elementary particles. In these exceptional spaces, the transformation groups that leave scalar products invariant are the exceptional groups. A gauge field theory based on E7 is given as an example for the unification of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions.
Failed septal extension graft in a patient with a history of radiotherapy.

Background This report describes the authors’ experience of “melting” septal cartilage after placement of a septal extension graft in a nasopharyngeal cancer patient that had been previously undergone radiation therapy, and provides a review of the literature.
Surgical Creation of a Chin Dimple

Introduction:The purpose of this case report is to present the methods used to surgically create a chin dimple in a 23-year-old man and to document the results of the surgical technique.Materials a...
Boundary partial regularity for a class of harmonic maps

(1999). Boundary partial regularity for a class of harmonic maps. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 24, No. 1-2, pp. 355-368.
A Model of the Endogenous Development of Judicial Institutions

Why do sovereign governments create judicial institutions and grant these institutions the power to rule their actions invalid? Once such a court is created, under what conditions is that court able to rule against these governments and get compliance with their rulings? Finally, how might the influence of the court change over time? This study presents a general theory of judicial institutions that provides a unified answer to these three questions. I argue that governments create judicial institutions to help solve collective action problems endemic to operating under a common regulatory regime. Once established, a court in its institutional "infancy" is capable of facilitating compliance with that regulatory regime's rules but only consistent with the purpose for which the governments created the court. And finally, once the court has earned the trust of a government's public, its ability to enforce the regulatory regime's rules qualitatively expands. In demonstrating this last point, I derive how and why publics can rationally come to believe that supporting a court, if there was a conflict between its government and the court, would be in that public's interest.
Macrophage- and Dendritic-Cell-Related Disorders Including the Lysosomal Storage Disorders

Definition. Disorders of the macrophages and dendritic cells comprise a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of cells of the mononucleai phagocytic system. These disorders do not have a common etiology and can be primary or secondary to storage diseases, infectious agents, familial immunodeficiencies, or neoplasia.
Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube: difficulties of diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Twenty cases initially coded as primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube were analyzed and the histological sections reviewed microscopically. Twelve cases were confirmed pathologically. The patterns of dissemination of fallopian tube carcinoma resembled those of epithelial ovarian tumors. The most common and effective treatment was total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and postoperative external irradiation to the whole pelvis. At the completion of the study, 2 of the 12 patients had survived 10 years, and 4 had survived 5 years. The importance of early laparotomy in patients with adnexal masses and/or continuing symptoms after uterine curettage is stressed. The potential value of postoperative irradiation to the whole abdomen and the pelvis coupled with systemic chemotherapy is discussed.
Ramifications of the Children's Surgery Verification Program for Patients and Hospitals

Background The American College of Surgeons in 2015 instituted the Children's Surgery Verification program delineating requirements for hospitals providing pediatric surgical care. Our purpose was to examine possible effects of the Children's Surgery Verification program by evaluating neonates undergoing high-risk operations. Study Design Using the Kid's Inpatient Database 2009, we identified infants undergoing operations for 5 high-risk neonatal conditions. We considered all children's hospitals and children's units Level I centers and considered all others Level II/III. We estimated the number of neonates requiring relocation and the additional distance traveled. We used propensity score adjusted logistic regression to model mortality at Level I vs Level II/III hospitals. Results Overall, 7,938 neonates were identified across 21 states at 91 Level I and 459 Level II/III hospitals. Based on our classifications, 2,744 (34.6%) patients would need to relocate to Level I centers. The median additional distance traveled was 6.6 miles. The maximum distance traveled varied by state, from 200 miles (Montana, Oregon, Colorado, and California). The adjusted odds of mortality at Level II/III vs Level I centers was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.93). We estimate 1 life would be saved for every 32 neonates moved. Conclusions Although this conservative estimate demonstrates that more than one-third of complex surgical neonates in 2009 would have needed to relocate under the Children's Surgery Verification program, the additional distance traveled is relatively short for most but not all, and this program might improve mortality. Local level ramifications of this novel national program require additional investigation.
Characterization of metal additive manufacturing surfaces using synchrotron X-ray CT and micromechanical modeling

Characterizing complex surface topologies is necessary to understand stress concentrations created by rough surfaces, particularly those made via laser power-bed additive manufacturing (AM). Synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography ( $$\upmu \hbox {XCT}$$ ) of AM surfaces was shown to provide high resolution detail of surface features and near-surface porosity. Using the CT reconstructions to instantiate a micromechanical model indicated that surface notches and near-surface porosity both act as stress concentrators, while adhered powder carried little to no load. Differences in powder size distribution had no direct effect on the relevant surface features, nor on stress concentrations. Conventional measurements of surface roughness, which are highly influenced by adhered powder, are therefore unlikely to contain the information relevant to damage accumulation and crack initiation.
Whiteness As Innocence

Current antidiscrimination law is exceedingly hostile to the project of race-conscious remediation—the conscious use of race to mitigate America’s persistent racial hierarchy. This Article argues that this broad hostility can be traced in significant part to what I call “Whiteness as Innocence” ideology. This ideology is a system of legal reasoning by which the formal principle of equality is filled with the substantive principle of white racial dominance via invocations of white innocence. That is, under this ideology, ideas about white innocence influence legal decisions on who is “alike” and “unalike” and what constitutes “alike” and “unalike” treatment in race-conscious remedies cases in ways that generally favor whites as a group yet appear consistent with, perhaps even required by, the ideal of racial equality. As a result, Whiteness as Innocence reasoning legitimizes doctrinal outcomes that help perpetuate America’s racial hierarchy by making them appear to be decisions about responsibility, fairness, and desert, rather than exercises of racial power. In this process, innocence has displayed a malleable meaning and become presumptively attached to the law’s understanding of whiteness itself. This illustrates in powerful ways that race is a socially and legally constructed concept. Whiteness as Innocence ideology has shaped important aspects of American race law in favor of perpetuating racial hierarchy. The most significant contemporary example is strict scrutiny doctrine as developed in the 1970s and 1980s under the lead of Justice Lewis Powell. Whiteness as Innocence ideology influenced all major aspects of this doctrine that have hamstrung race-conscious remedial efforts since then: (1) its strict standard of review; (2) its restrictions on the purposes for which race-conscious remedies can be used; and (3) its firm limits on the ways in which such remedies can be implemented. Important cases before and after that time, reaching from Dred Scott to decisions of today, also illustrate the long historical arch of this ideology. Whiteness as Innocence ideology allows racist premises of white superiority to infiltrate legal doctrine and creates racial hostility and resentment. Reform efforts seeking to promote racial justice ought to be freed from the strictures imposed by this ideology. This may well have to involve redefining the meaning of white innocence itself.
Control of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Biomaterials

In vivo micro-environment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known as stem cell niches, plays an important role in deciding the cell fate which is required to regulate tissue homeostasis. These micro-environmental features include orchestrated interactions between different compartments which are cell-cell, cell-soluble factors, and cell-matrix interactions. In addition to cell-cell interactions and soluble biomolecules present in extra-cellular environment of the niches, stem cell fate is guided through their interactions with extra cellular matrix (ECM) which is tightly regulated at the molecular, cellular and tissue level. These cell-matrix interactions with an artificial matrix should mimic the physicochemical, mechanical and topographical interactions at micro- and nano-scale dimension for recapitulation of stem-cell micro-environment. Therefore, it is important to design biomaterials which can provide the in vivo micro-environmental properties of ECM for guiding the fate of the stem cells and potentially can impact tissue regeneration. This chapter discusses the structural and functional characteristics of biomaterials which can guide the fate of MSCs by modulating viability, proliferation, morphology, migration and differentiation. Understanding native stem cell niches and deriving design principles to construct artificial biomaterial based stem-cell microenvironment is important for successful regenerative tissue engineering.
On the Structural Behavior of Mechanically Fastened Joints in Composite Structures

This paper will summarize the results of analytical and experimental studies which have been carried out over a number of years, beginning with work previously reported at the Second Conference on Fibrous Composites in Flight Vehicle Design (1974). Analytical approaches including boundary collocation and finite element methods have been developed to deal with important features of pinned or bolted joints. Experimental results included failure studies of pin-bearing test coupons to explore the parametrics of joint geometry, and moire studies to investigate nonlinearity in 0/90° and ±45° layups. The discussion will cover: effects of edge distance and width in single-fastener lugs; comparison of single-fastener and parallel-fastener configurations; methods of achieving equal load distribution in series-fastener configurations; nonlinear interactions between bypass loads and fastener loads; behavior of hybrid materials; application of the Nuismer-Whitney approach for net section failure, and effects of nonlinear response in 0/90° and ±45° laminates.
Operating Room Integration and Telehealth

The increasing use of advanced automated and computer-controlled systems and devices in surgical procedures has resulted in problems arising from the crowding of the operating room with equipment and the incompatible control and communication standards associated with each system. This lack of compatibility between systems and centralized control means that the surgeon is frequently required to interact with multiple computer interfaces in order to obtain updates and exert control over the various devices at his disposal. To reduce this complexity and provide the surgeon with more complete and precise control of the operating room systems, a unified interface and communication network has been developed. In addition to improving efficiency, this network also allows the surgeon to grant remote access to consultants and observers at other institutions, enabling experts to participate in the procedure without having to travel to the site.
User-Generated Discontent: Transformation in Practice

Fair use is the province of creators, not lawyers. That is the thrust of a number of initiatives designed to make fair use salient to ordinary people in their capacities as creators. Copyright myths and legends are, of course, widespread. What this paper focuses on, however, are organized or semi-organized attempts to articulate fair use principles, usually centered on the concept of transformativeness, from the perspective of individual creators who routinely expect to criticize, comment on, or just quote existing copyrighted materials as part of their new works. Usergenerated fair use principles can be informed by case law, but they are not limited by it. Reciprocally, nonlawyers' concepts of transformativeness could enrich legal understandings of the appropriate boundaries of fair use.
Outcome of patients younger than 50 years old diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): Single institution experience.

e18560Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are rare hematological neoplasms typically seen in the elderly. Young MDS (yMDS) patients ( < 50 years old) have been reported to comprise between ...
Barriers Impeding Knowledge Management Practices in the Public Sector: The Case of Devolved Governments in Kenya

A Journal article by Dr. Patrick Kanyi Wamuyu, an Associate Professor of Information Technology at the School of Science and Technology in USIU- Africa Full Article: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9639-4.ch017
What Youth Care About: Exploring Topic Identification for Youth-Led Research in School

Youth-led participatory action research (YPAR) has been documented to increase youth’s social, emotional, and cognitive outcomes, foster critical thinking and academic success, and encourage civic participation. YPAR allows for young to develop their voices, direct their own learning and act as change agents as they take steps to influence their community’s civic health. This article offers an account of one urban, public high school’s effort to integrate YPAR as a year-long project for all enrolled 9th graders. Drawing on the work of 100 students who participated in this year-long project, this inquiry examines the topic identification phase of the school’s first-ever enactment of YPAR as part of the everyday curriculum. Specific attention is paid to understanding the issues and questions that surfaced during the topic identification stage of the action research process within a formalized school setting. This work has implications for teachers and school leaders interested in adopting YPAR as part of the school-sanctioned curriculum for all students.
Comment on “Exploration of the Charm Factors of Ecological Tourism”

The aim of this study was to develop the design strategy of ecological tourism based on the consideration of the psychological feelings of tourists, so as to provide a reference for the development and planning of ecological tourism.
Cultural Identities and Global Political Economy from an Anthropological Vantage Point

Analyzing the relationships between cultural identities and global political economy in an anthropologically meaningful way is to step beyond the normal boundaries of anthropological analysis. The complexity of multi layered and dynamic cultural identities, the local and ethnographic focus of anthropology, and the abstractness of formulations of global political economy all militate against such an endeavor. Academic discourse finds comfort in a division of labor that makes such difficult topics disappear. Yet there are good reasons to address these issues. The world is now interconnected by a greater multiplicity of rapid communication technologies than ever before. Gradually, the global economy is reconfiguring itself into a number of powerful trading blocs. More ominously, the world is experiencing increased levels of ethnic and racial conflict and human rights violations. The hope for world peace and harmony that many expected with the fall of the Iron Curtain has given way to public despair over Bosnia and Somalia and a sense of fear about the future of civil strife in countries in every world region. Generations of political leaders and scholars bent their efforts to the emergence of the moment in which the arms race would end only to find the post-arms race world a more dangerous place than they expected. The dangers are not only international; they now include the world within our borders, as the riots in Los Angeles, murders of foreign tourists in Miami, and a host of other kinds of violence demonstrate.
Diffusion of Cadmium in Lead

The diffusivity ${D}_{2}$ of cadmium in high-purity lead single crystals has been measured from 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to the melting point, using tracer and sectioning techniques, and is described by ${D}_{2}=0.409\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{21230}{\mathrm{RT}})$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec. Lead self-diffusivity is enhanced by the addition of cadmium in accordance with ${D}_{1}={{D}_{1}}^{0}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(1+{b}_{1}X+{b}_{2}{X}^{2}+{b}_{3}{X}^{3})$, where ${b}_{i}$ are the linear and higher-order enhancement factors, and ${{D}_{1}}^{0}$ and ${D}_{1}$ are the self-diffusivity of lead in pure lead and in lead alloys containing $X$ atom fraction of cadmium, respectively. It is found that ${b}_{1}\ensuremath{\cong}\frac{{D}_{2}}{{{D}_{1}}^{0}}$, varying from 19 to 45 over the temperature range 300-198\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. It is shown from the results of Howard and Manning that the minimum linear enhancement factor for the vacancy mechanism is ${b}_{min}=\ensuremath{-}18+1.9448(\frac{{D}_{2}}{{{D}_{1}}^{0}})$, substantially larger than that observed. The fast diffusion of cadmium cannot then be accounted for on the basis of the model proposed by Lidiard for the simple vacancy mechanism. It is suggested that cadmium, like the solutes Ag, Au, and Cu, dissolves both interstitially and substitutionally in lead, the enhancement of lead self-diffusion being associated with an interaction between vacancies and interstitial cadmium ions. A comparison of diffusion data for several impurities in lead shows that the dominant mechanism of solute diffusion is determined primarily by solute valence. Since the dominant diffusion mechanism of a solute is a natural consequence of its degree of interstitial dissolution, it is proposed that solute valence plays a major role in determining the energetics of interstitial dissolution.
Abstract TP394: Inpatient Onset Stroke Protocols in the Era of Value Based Medicine: Can We Remove Effectively Process Inefficiencies?

Introduction: The American Stroke Association guidelines (2018) extension of the window for stroke interventions created an opportunity for quality improvement (QI) efforts in a sub-population desi...
Effects of Sunlight on the Formation Potential of Dichloroacetonitrile and Bromochloroacetonitrile from Wastewater Effluents

Sunlight plays an important role in transforming effluent organic matter as wastewater effluents travel downstream, but the corresponding effects on the formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs), a gro...
Eating Disorders and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Pediatric eating and feeding disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, affect many children and teens throughout the United States. In the treatment of eating and feeding disorders, pediatric consultation-liaison psychologists are often involved in diagnostic evaluation, treatment planning, and coordination of care with the patient, family, and other multidisciplinary providers. This chapter summarizes evidence-based approaches to engaging patients with eating and feeding disorders and their families in evaluation, formulation, treatment, and disposition planning. The chapter providers review of levels of care and models for empirically supported treatment as well as considerations for adaptation based on factors commonly experienced in consultation-liaison practice. Case examples and other resources for the consultation-liaison psychologist are also provided.
Burnout and career satisfaction among U.S. oncologists: Results of the 2012 ASCO survey.

6533 Background: Although it can be rewarding, caring for patients with cancer is also demanding and stressful. Oncologists work long hours, supervise administration of highly toxic therapy, and co...
Clinicopathologic Aspects of Vocal Fold Leukoplakia in Smokers and Nonsmokers.

Summary Background We aimed to investigate possible causes of leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. We particularly sought to characterize the effect of smoking history because leukoplakia has been observed in nonsmokers. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with a diagnosis of leukoplakia who were treated at Mayo Clinic (Jacksonville, Florida), in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, from 1/1/2006 through 8/31/2019. Each patient was age- and sex-matched (1:2 ratio) to control patients without leukoplakia. Information about possible risk factors, chief symptoms, and social history with smoking and alcohol use was obtained from health records. Nine risk factors were analyzed independently with multivariate analysis. Continuous risk factors were compared between cases and controls with the Wilcoxon rank sum test; categorical variables were compared with the χ2 test. Results The final cohort consisted of 72 patients with leukoplakia (mean [SD] age, 66 [11] years; 61 men [85%]) and 144 age- and sex-matched controls. Compared with the control group, significantly more cases were current smokers (26% vs. 5%) and fewer were never-smokers. (17% vs. 51%) (P 0.99). When assessing never-smokers and those who had not smoked for more than 25 years, a history of smoking (P = 0.002) and the number of years smoked (P = 0.002) were significantly different for cases and controls. Conclusion Most vocal fold leukoplakia lesions have a low risk of malignancy. It is important to evaluate the characteristics of the lesion and assess the patient's risk factors. Follow-up is a key factor in patient management, but for patients with recurrent leukoplakia, the duration and frequency of surveillance is still controversial and varies among medical centers. Future prospective studies with advanced analyses are warranted because they may strengthen the ability to identify clinical factors that influence the development of squamous cell carcinoma.
Normal Ethanol Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance Require the G Protein Receptor Kinase 2 in Ellipsoid Body Neurons in Drosophila.

Background G protein signaling pathways are key neuromodulatory mechanisms for behaviors and neurological functions that affect the impact of ethanol (EtOH) on locomotion, arousal, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we report a novel role for the Drosophila G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GPRK2) as a member of the GRK4/5/6 subfamily in modulating EtOH-induced behaviors. Methods We studied the requirement of Drosophila Gprk2 for naive sensitivity to EtOH sedation and ability of the fly to develop rapid tolerance after a single exposure to EtOH, using the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and fly group activity monitor (FlyGrAM) assays. Results Loss-of-function Gprk2 mutants demonstrate an increase in alcohol-induced hyperactivity, reduced sensitivity to the sedative effects of EtOH, and diminished rapid tolerance after a single intoxicating exposure. The requirement for Gprk2 in EtOH sedation and rapid tolerance maps to ellipsoid body neurons within the Drosophila brain, suggesting that wild-type Gprk2 is required for modulation of locomotion and alertness. However, even though Gprk2 loss of function leads to decreased and fragmented sleep, this change in the sleep state does not depend on Gprk2 expression in the ellipsoid body. Conclusion Our work on GPRK2 has established a role for this GRK4/5/6 subfamily member in EtOH sensitivity and rapid tolerance.
Analytic models in strategy, organizations, and management research: A guide for consumers

Research summary Analytic models are a powerful approach for developing theory, yet are often poorly understood in the strategy and organizations community. Our goal is to enhance the influence of the method by clarifying for consumers of modeling research how to understand and appreciate analytic modeling and use modeling results to enhance their own research. Our primary contribution is a guide for reading analytic models. Using comparisons with other methods and exemplar analytic models, we explore key features as well as counterintuitive aspects and common misconceptions. We also add by illuminating strengths and weaknesses of analytic modeling relative to other theory‐building methods. Finally, we identify under‐exploited opportunities for pairing analytic models with complementary methods. Overall, our aim is enhancing the influence of analytic modeling by better‐informing consumers. Managerial summary In this paper, we explore the use of analytic (mathematical) models for developing strategy and organizations theory. Analytic modeling is common in related fields like economics but is often poorly understood among the broader of strategy and organizations community. Whereas existing resources on analytic modeling are geared towards modelers, our aim is to enhance understanding and appreciation of the method among potential consumers of modeling research. We offer three specific contributions in this regard. The first is a guide for reading analytic models, including key features, counterintuitive aspects, and common misconceptions. Second, we clarify the strengths and weaknesses of analytic modeling relative to other theory‐building methods. Finally, we discuss promising opportunities for pairing methods.
Fluorescent Self‐Threaded Peptide Probes For Biological Imaging

A general synthetic method creates a new class of covalently connected, self-threaded, fluorescent molecular probes with figure-eight topology, an encapsulated deep-red fluorophore, and two peripheral peptide loops. The globular molecular shape and rigidified peptide loops enhance imaging performance by promoting water solubility, eliminating probe self-aggregation, and increasing probe stability. Moreover, the peptide loops determine the affinity and selectivity for targets within complex biological samples such as cell culture, tissue histology slices, or living subjects. For example, a probe with cell-penetrating peptide loops targets the surface of cell plasma membranes, whereas, a probe with bone-targeting peptide loops selectively stains the skeleton within a living mouse. The unique combination of bright deep-red fluorescence, high stability, and predictable peptide-based targeting is ideal for photon intense fluorescence microscopy and biological imaging.
Remittances and Institutions: Are Remittances a Curse?

Summary This paper addresses the complex and overlooked relationship between the receipt of workers’ remittances and institutional quality in the recipient country. Using a simple model, we show how an increase in remittance inflows can lead to deterioration of institutional quality—specifically, to an increase in the share of funds diverted by the government for its own purposes. In a cross section of 111 countries we empirically verify this proposition and find that a higher ratio of remittances to GDP leads to lower indices of control of corruption, government effectiveness, and rule of law, even after controlling for potential reverse causality.
How Well Do We Engage Our Students

A common observation in recent reports on the need for reform in legal education is that after the intense first year of law school, law students become increasingly disengaged. According to a recent Law School Survey of Student Engagement (LSSSE) report, while 40 percent of 1Ls said that they never came to class unprepared, only 23 percent of 2Ls and 16 percent of 3Ls reported that they never came to class unprepared (and surely some of them are fudging their answers -- probably closer to zero percent of 3Ls never come to class unprepared). The amount of time students spend reading and studying drops way off as the years go by -- from 30 hours a week for a typical 1L to 20 hours a week for a typical 3L.As health law professors, we teach the upper-level students, the ones who by all accounts are becoming less and less engaged in law school. How do we keep them engaged and motivated to learn? How do we encourage them to think more - more often and more deeply - about the issues in health law than they might have come to class prepared to think about? How can we foster a life-long habit of engaged thinking and learning for themselves that could last long after our classes are over? The following are some thoughts, drawn in part from the experiences of some of our most thoughtful colleagues who spoke at the 2007 Health Law Professors' conference in Boston, as well as from the recent calls for reform in legal education.
The Perfect Storm: Exam of a Medical Error and Factors Contributing to Its Possible Escalation.

Objective After an initial medical misadventure, failure of recognition and continuing factors that could perpetuate the error are examined. Methods A critical evaluation of the continuum of care after the initial error was conducted through chart review and comparison to published standards. Results Analysis of the continuum of care after the original error demonstrated numerous system failures that should have alerted the providers to the initial error. Discussion Technology, electronic medical records, lack of critical communications, and short cuts have the potential to not recognize patient care safety issues and potential harm. Conclusions Medical errors are multifactorial. Blame casting and accusations are not productive. Critical analysis of systems/processes, current technology, eliminating shortcuts, and critical communications may increase patient safety.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Internal Medicine Residents at a Major Academic Medicine Residency Program

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease (COVID-19) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the United States. Internal medicine (IM) residents are a critical component of the healthcare workforce yet their seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is largely unknown. The aim of this research was to ascertain the seroprevalences of SARS-CoV-2 among internal medicine residents during the first peak of COVID-19. Methods IM residents were enrolled in a surveillance program that included PCR and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 in June 2020. Residents also completed a short questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic information and characterize potential workplace exposure to COVID-19. Results A total of 101 IM residents participated in the study (out of N=162). Of the 101 samples, three (2.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. No residents tested PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. Discussion The implementation of COVID-19 patient cohorting and the incorporation of telemedicine to communicate with hospitalized patients into clinical practice early in the pandemic may have prevented the spread of the virus among the surveyed clinical trainees. Conclusion Despite significant engagement with COVID-19 patients, IM residents demonstrated a low rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence.
Phosphate Availability Modulates Root Exudate Composition and Rhizosphere Microbial Community in a Teosinte and a Modern Maize Cultivar

Domestication and breeding have impacted interactions between plants and their microbiomes in ways that are only beginning to be understood but may have important implications for recruitment of rh...
Hybrid spintronics and straintronics: an ultra-low-energy computing paradigm

The primary obstacle to continued downscaling of charge-based electronic devices in accordance with Moore's law is the excessive energy dissipation that takes place in the device during switching of bits. Unlike charge-based devices, spin-based devices are switched by flipping spins without moving charge in space. Although some energy is still dissipated in flipping spins, it can be considerably less than the energy associated with current flow in charge-based devices. Unfortunately, this advantage will be squandered if the method adopted to switch the spin is so energy-inefficient that the energy dissipated in the switching circuit far exceeds the energy dissipated inside the system. Regrettably, this is often the case, e.g., switching spins with a magnetic field or with spin-transfer-torque mechanism. In this dissertation, it is shown theoretically that the magnetization of two-phase multiferroic single-domain nanomagnets can be switched very energy-efficiently, more so than any device currently extant, leading possibly to new magnetic logic and memory systems which might be an important contributor to Beyond-Moore's-Law technology. A multiferroic composite structure consists of a layer of piezoelectric material in intimate contact with a magnetostrictive layer. When a tiny voltage of few millivolts is applied across the structure, it generates strain in the piezoelectric layer and the strain is transferred to the magnetostrictive nanomagnet. This strain generates magnetostrictive anisotropy in the nanomagnet and thus rotates its direction of magnetization, resulting in magnetization reversal or 'bit-flip'. It is shown after detailed analysis that full 180 degree switching of magnetization can occur in the "symmetric" potential landscape of the magnetostrictive nanomagnet, even in the presence of room-temperature thermal fluctuations, which differs from the general perception on binary switching. With proper choice of materials, the energy dissipated in the bit-flip can be made as low as one attoJoule at room-temperature. Also, sub-nanosecond switching delay can be achieved so that the device is adequately fast for general-purpose computing. The above idea, explored in this dissertation, has the potential to produce an extremely low-power, yet high-density and high-speed, non-volatile magnetic logic and memory system. Such processors would be well suited for embedded applications, e.g., implantable medical devices that could run on energy harvested from the patient's body motion.
Identifying normosmics: A comparison of two populations

An olfactory function test developed by the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) was administered to 65 normal subjects to determine its ability to identify normosmic subjects. The CCCRC test categorizes individuals into five distinct levels of olfactory functioning according to composite score ranges derived from odor identification and butanol threshold subtests. These categories are: normosmic (normal); mildly, moderately, and severely hyposmic (impaired functioning); and anosmic (no sensation). Comparing score distributions from CCCRC with ours revealed that a greater percentage of our subjects were categorized as hyposmic because of higher butanol thresholds. The butanol threshold subtest was studied further to determine test-retest reliability and normal day-to-day variability in scores. Norms are the basis for interpreting test scores and are important in diagnosing and treating smell disorders.
Synovial chondromatosis of temporomandibular joint: Report of a case

Abstract A single case of synovial chondromatosis has been presented. The disease entity is rare, when all articulating joints are considered, but the involvement of the temporomandibular joint is practically nonexistent. Although synovial chondromatosis is a benign process, the bizarre morphologic appearance of the tissue cells presents a difficult diagnostic problem in distinguishing between chondromatosis and chondrosarcoma. Management of the patient is, indeed, less dramatic and traumatic in the case of chondromatosis than when an erroneous diagnosis of chondrosarcoma is made. It is essential that radiologic, histologic, and clinical expressions be considered before a final diagnosis is made and surgical treatment is instigated.
The Great Revival of 1907 as a Phenomenon in Korean Religions

Among Protestant Koreans, the Great Revival of 1907 in Pyongyang is often viewed as a foundational event in the life of the Church. Previous accounts of this revival have traced its origins to Presbyterian and Methodist missionaries working in Korea at the time. This article argues that besides missionary activity, indigenous Korean religious traditions significantly shaped and formed this event. Specifically, the religious behaviors exhibited during the revival can be traced to what we know of northern Korean shamanistic practices. Korean Christians unselfconsciously drew on such indigenous practices in response to the particular social and political context of their time.
Ion accumulation and arrhythmogenesis in networks of cardiac cells

The authors examine the effects of Na-K pump blockade in cardiac atrial tissue using mathematical modeling and analysis. A complex model of electrochemical activity in atrial cells comprising a system of 17 differential equations are analysed to predict the occurrence of oscillatory calcium dynamics. Spatial patterns of ion accumulation were investigated in networks of cardiac cells coupled by gap junctions where a small part of the network was subjected to Na-K pump poisoning. Simulations were performed on workstations and the results were then used to set up initial conditions of computations of the full cell network model on a parallel supercomputer. >
Fringe is essential for mirror symmetry and morphogenesis in the Drosophila eye

An early event in Drosophila eye development is the division of the eye disc into dorsoventral domains. The dorsoventral pattern is displayed in the adult compound eye as a distinct mirror symmetry across the dorsoventral midline or equator1,2. The dorsoventral axis is also implicated in organizing early development of the eye, as retinal differentiation is initiated at the posterior dorsoventral midline3. Here we show that Fringe is expressed specifically in the ventral half of the undifferentiated eye disc, thus creating a dorsoventral boundary. Ectopic Fringe borders that are generated by clones of fringe − cells can reverse the planar polarity of photoreceptor clusters, indicating that the Fringe boundary is crucial for the induction of mirror symmetry. Lack of a Fringe boundary disrupts equatorial expression of Notch signalling proteins and causes a complete failure of eye development. Our results indicate that the formation of the Fringe boundary and subsequent Notch signalling at the equator are essential for organizing mirror symmetry and eye morphogenesis.
Nuclear Reactor Safety: An Evaluation of New Evidence

The nation faces a growing electric power shortage whose roots lie in an everincreasing per capita demand for electricity to support our rising standard of living and in a burgeoning population whose ize is expected to grow by 50% in the next 30 years. Our electric power problems are aggravated by an increasing reluctance on the part of the public to permit the construction of environmentally damaging fossil-fuel plants. To help alleviate this power shortage, the nation is turning to nuclear power: the controlled release of the enormous energies available from the atomic nucleus. Widely heralded as “clean power,” because its production generates no sulfur oxides, smoke, or other visible pollutants so much in evidence from coal or oil generating plants, it has come, so its proponents say, just in time to augment and ultimately dominate as the national source of electricity.
Kidney development in the nitrofen-induced pulmonary hypolasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats

Abstract Background/Purpose The relationship of the developing lung and kidney is not completely understood. Renal enlargement has been reported in association with pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Recent studies suggest that retinoids may be involved in the pathogenesis of CDH. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of pulmonary hypoplasia on renal development and to evaluate retinoids status of kidneys in the nitrofen model of CDH. Methods Pregnant rats were exposed to either olive oil or 100 mg of nitrofen on day 9.5 of gestation. Fetuses were recovered at term and divided into 3 groups: 1, control (n = 69); 2, nitrofen without CDH (n = 25); and 3, nitrofen with CDH (n = 40). Kidneys were dissected, weighed, and processed for biochemical measurements of DNA, proteins, total retinol content, and for immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cells. Results Kidneys were smaller in nitrofen-exposed animals vs control animals (group 3, 0.65 ± 0.08; group 2, 0.62 ± 0.09 vs group 1, 0.73 ± 0.09% of body weight, P μ g, P μ g DNA/mg kidney). Total protein content (group 3, 1145.59 ± 500.36; group 2, 993.2 ± 276.62; group 1, 1287.48 ± 312.52 μ g), protein concentration (group 3, 49.76 ± 11.12; group 2, 43.95 ± 6.79; group 1, 47.38 ± 6.93 μ g protein/mg kidney), and protein-to-DNA ratio (group 3, 15.12 ± 5.98; group 2, 16.22 ± 6.85; group I, 16.16 ± 7.02 μ g/ μ g) were similar in all groups. Retinol concentration was significantly reduced in both nitrofen-exposed groups compared with the control group (group 3, 1.35 ± 0.24; group 2, 1.28 ± 0.11; group 1, 2.53±0.61 μ g retinol/g kidney). Proliferation index was similar in all 3 groups (group 3, 50.43 ± 8.81; group 2, 47.96 ± 6.01; group 1, 47.64 ± 5.76% of proliferating cells). Conclusions Our data clearly show that renal enlargement in association with pulmonary hypoplasia is not seen in the nitrofen-induced CDH. These results rule out any possible relationship between lung and kidney development. Moreover, kidneys are hypoplastic in both nitrofen-exposed groups and have reduced retinol content, suggesting that a retinoid pathway disruption could be the common mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung and kidney hypoplasia in the nitrofen model of CDH.
Analysis of Cell-Wall-Associated Enzyme Complexes by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract The feasibility, efficiency and advantages of the HPLC method for the analysis of enzyme mixtures, associated with cell walls, is demonstrated with two different types of macroporous columns.