cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidencia del proceso de la práctica profesional en las dimensiones de la formación docente de estudiantes de pedagogía en educación física

The present research deals with the incidence of professional practice in the dimensions of teacher training of students of pedagogy in physical education belonging to the University of Playa Ancha. The professional practice is a space where students reinforce the knowledge, skills and attitudes developed in the training process, for which they must put these capacities in action against real life situations, resulting in the strengthening of the teacher training. The methodological framework is attributed to the Phenomenological Hermeneutic paradigm with an interpretive design using semi-structured interview and discussion groups as instruments of data collection. The main results show that the professional practice process has a major impact on the personal dimension of students, which shows that the experiences during this process are related to actions associated with affective, value components and the teaching role that allow them their normal and optimal performance in this stage of their teacher training.
Glyphosate Applications, Glyphosate Resistant Corn, and Tillage on Nitrification Rates and Distribution of Nitrifying Microbial Communities

We tested the null hypothesis that nitrification and the distribution of archaeal and bacterial nitrifying communities would not be impacted by long-term applications of the herbicide, glyphosate, to glyphosate-resistant (gR) and non-glyphosate-resistant corn (nongR) under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) systems. Bulk and rhizosphere soil nitrification poten-tial rates and quantification of amoA genes of archaeal (AOA) and bacterial (AOB) communities were undertaken. In 2013, the nitrification rate of nongR corn with no glyphosate application treatment associated with bulk and rhi-zosphere soils under RT displayed greater (P < 0.05) nitrification rates than gR corn with glyphosate applications. In 2014, the nitrification rate of the rhizosphere soil under RT in gR corn with no glyphosate application treat-ment was greater (P < 0.05) than other rhizosphere soil treatments. Ratios between archaeal and bacterial amoA genes indicated distinct dominance of AOA communities in the rhizosphere soil. The ratios between AOA and AOB amoA genes in bulk soil were more balanced. Regression analyses indicated more significant correlations between nitrification potential determinations and bulk soil nutrients ratios, nutrient acquisition ratios, and microbial com-munities than between analogous rhizosphere soil characteristics. Compared to non-glyphosate treatments, glyphosate applications appeared to disrupt rhizosphere nutrient, exoenzymatic, and microbial relationships. glyphosate applications had an inconsistent inhibitory effect on the nitrification process. In contrast to bulk soil, rhizosphere soil nitrifying communities were most likely in competition with corn roots for ammonia-n, and were thus dominat-ed by more oligotrophic archaeal nitrifiers compared to bacterial nitrifiers.
An Update on Fatalities Due to Venomous and Nonvenomous Animals in the United States (2008–2015)

Introduction To review recent (2008–2015) United States mortality data from deaths caused by nonvenomous and venomous animals and compare with historical data. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was queried to return all animal-related fatalities between 2008 and 2015. Mortality frequencies for animal-related fatalities were calculated using the estimated 2011 United States population. Inclusion criteria included all mortalities that were a consequence of bite, contact, attack, or envenomation (International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes W53–W59 and X20–X29). Results There were 1610 animal-related fatalities, with the majority from nonvenomous animals (2.8 deaths per 10 million persons). The largest proportion of animal-related fatalities was due to "other mammals," largely composed of horses and cattle. Deaths attributable to Hymenoptera (hornets, wasps, and bees) account for 29.7% of the overall animal-related fatalities and have been steady over the last 20 years. Dog-related fatality frequencies are stable, although the fatality frequency of 4.6 deaths per 10 million persons among children 4 years of age or younger was nearly 4-fold greater than in the other age groups. Conclusions Appropriate education and prevention measures aimed at decreasing injury from animals should be directed at the high-risk groups of agricultural workers and young children with dogs. Public policy and treatment pricing should align to ensure adequate available medication for those at risk of anaphylaxis from stings from Hymenoptera.
Patterns of Lepidoptera herbivory on conifers in the New World

Abstract Five families of conifers are native to the New World: Pinaceae (104 species), Cupressaceae (73 species), Podocarpaceae (40 species), Araucariaceae (2 species), and Taxaceae (6 species). Pinaceae and Cupressaceae both serve as larval hosts to many specialist and generalist lepidopterans. In contrast, Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae, and Taxaceae support exceedingly few lepidopteran herbivores. This pattern can be explained primarily by the comparatively low species richness (taxonomic diversity) and relictual distributions (host plant distribution and density) of the last three families, resulting in a lower apparency or exposure to potential herbivores. However, it is likely that secondary plant compounds also play a role in deterring insect feeding. A total of 794 species of Lepidoptera have been recorded feeding on conifers, with 503 specialists (i.e. restricted or nearly so to a single conifers family) and 291 generalists (i.e. feeding on conifers and angiosperms). Tortricoidea (n = 198) include the greatest number of conifer feeders, followed by Geometroidea (n = 196) and Noctuoidea (n = 156). Whereas the majority of species of macrolepidoptera (e.g. Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea) that feed on conifers are generalist herbivores that feed on a variety of plant families (angiosperms and conifers), most microlepidopterans (e.g. Gracillarioidea, Yponomeutoidea, Gelechioidea, Pyraloidea) that feed on conifers are restricted to conifers (i.e. exceedingly few feed on angiosperms).
Evaluation of Shortness of Breath

Although thoracic ultrasound was thought to be impracticable for decades due to air interference, understanding of anatomy and artifacts has made it possible to gain a tremendous amount of clinical information from insonation of the chest. First described by European intensivists, thoracic ultrasound has become a powerful tool in the assessment of patients with undifferentiated shortness of breath or trauma.Thoracic ultrasound has been used to assess for pneumothorax (with a 99% negative predictive value in ruling out this process) in the setting of trauma and medical illness [2, 3]. It is also accurate in diagnosing and following pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pleural effusion, and other pulmonary pathology [2, 4–6].
Knowledge Homogeneity and Specialization in the Apache HTTP Server Project

We present an analysis of developer communication in the Apache HTTP Server project. Using topic modeling techniques we expose latent conceptual sub-communities arising from developer specialization within the greater developer population. However, we found that among the major contributors to the project, very little specialization exists. We present theories to explain this phenomenon, and suggest further research.
Acute and Chronic Radiation Enteropathy

Abstract Acute and chronic radiation enteropathy is associated with significant morbidity. Symptoms include diarrhea, weight loss, malabsorption, hemorrhage, obstruction and perforation. Prevention and treatment of radiation enteropathy requires a multi-disciplinary approach with involving surgery, gastroenterology, oncology, radiation oncology, and radiology. At present, medical therapy for acute and chronic radiation enteropathy is largely based on symptom relief and has not been studied using a systematic approach. Despite conservative measures, surgery is commonly required for persistent ileus, fistula formation, and dense adhesive small bowel disease. Prognosis is variable since chronic radiation enteropathy is often progressive. Treatments to alter the natural history of the disease are lacking and sorely needed.
The Drosophila Protein Interaction Network May Be neither Power-Law nor Scale-Free

Scale-free networks have become a topic of intense interest because of the potential to develop theories universally applicable to networks representing social interactions, internet connectivity, and biological processes. Scale-free topology is associated with power-law distributions of connectivity, in which most network components have only few connections while a very few components are extremely highly-connected. Here we investigate the power-law and scale-free properties of the network corresponding to protein-protein interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. We examine power-law behavior with a standard statistical technique designed to distinguish whether a power-law fit is adequate to describe the vertex degree distribution. We find that the degree distribution for the entire network, consisting of baits and preys, decays faster than power law. This fit may be confounded by artifacts of the screening procedure. The prey-only degree distribution is less likely to be confounded by the screening procedure, and is fit adequately by a power-law. When only the biologically relevant interactions are considered, however, the degree distribution again decays faster than power-law. Thus, power-law behavior may reflect interactions that are observed in vitro but not in vivo. We next describe an algorithm that may be able to extract the true distribution from the incomplete data. Finally, we investigate scale-free properties by characterizing organizational patterns over increasing spatial scales. We provide evidence for the existence of a length-scale that characterizes organization in the network. The existence of such a correlation length stands in contrast to scale-free networks, in which no length scale is special. These results suggest that the Drosophila protein interaction network may not be power-law and is not scale-free.
Two Pedagogical Patterns for Course Design.

This paper contains two recently discovered pedagogical patterns. The first, Student Tasks First, is a candidate for inclusion in the Patterns for Active Learning and the second, Differential Grading, is a candidate for inclusion in Feedback Patterns. Both involve course design. Student Tasks First tells how to begin the course design process and Differential Grading gives advice about how to design the grading/assessment structure. This latter advice is consistent with the Bloom Taxonomy.
Observed Phase-locking Between a Rubidium Raman Laser and its Pump Laser

We have observed that the beat-note between a rubidium Raman ring laser and its gain pump is much narrower than the spectral width of the pump laser itself, indicating that they are mutually phase-locked.
Tracking 3D LIDAR Point Clouds Using Extended Kalman Filters in KITTI Driving Sequences

In this paper, we present a novel approach to track recognized 3D vehicle point clouds from LIDAR scans. This technique is based on tracing the 3D anchor boxes of these vehicles, recognized though convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Exploiting the 3D CNNs detection of vehicles and persons, and the Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) two-steps process for prediction and update, the proposed scheme guarantees the awareness of moving detected objects and improves the perception of Autonomous Vehicles (AV). The proposed scheme reduces the usage of the expensive detection process of feeding the point cloud to CNN by tracking the 3D rectangular coordinates containing already detected objects from early Velodyne scans of the driving sequences. The testing of the proposed method on the well-known KITTI dataset, featuring LIDAR scans of realistic vehicular environments. Results show the merits of the proposed scheme in achieving high tracking accuracy.
Aqua­[N,N′-ethyl­ene­bis(5-nitro­salicylidene­iminato)]­methanol­manganese(III) perchlorate

The title compound, [Mn(C16H12N4O6)(CH4O)(H2O)]ClO4, arose as an unexpected oxidation product, and contains an MnIII cation coordinated by an equatorial salen-type ligand and Jahn–Teller-distorted axially coordinated water and methanol mol­ecules. A network of O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds helps to establish the crystal packing.
Introduction The Anomalous Survival of Operant Psychology

The conventional wisdom of the 1970’s was that during the previous decade psychology had undergone a revolution. The precise nature of this revolution was a matter of dispute, but the revolution itself was not. Some described it with concepts introduced by Thomas S. Kuhn (1970), suggesting there had been a “paradigm shift” from behaviorism to cognitive psychology (Leahey, 1980). Others argued that there had never been a behaviorist paradigm, but only a behaviorist methodology, and so there could not have been a paradigm shift, but only a decisive rejection of a failed methodology (Mackenzie, 1977). Still others suggested that Noam Chomsky’s (1959) critical review of B. F. Skinner’s (1957) Verbal Behavior had actually refuted behaviorism (Newmeyer, 1980), while others maintained that the story was more complicated than a straightforward case of refutation would allow (Lachman, Lachman, & Butterfield, 1979). No one however doubted that increasing numbers of psychologists ignored behaviorist strictures against reference to mental states and processes. Behaviorism, the dominant approach to psychology in America from roughly 1920 through 1950, seemed to be dead-or at least rapidly dying.
Minimizing Musculoskeletal Discomfort in the Workplace: An Age Based Approach

America’s work force is aging but very little is known about functional limitations (e.g., changes in vision, hearing, musculoskeletal system) and how that affects individual performance, productivity and the needs of aging workers. Four hundred eight employees at a college campus completed a web-based questionnaire. There was a significant difference between older and younger workers with regards to both mental and physical health compared to five years ago. Older workers (ages 45 and over) reported greater degrees of physical declines than younger respondents. The largest decline in older respondents was found in eyesight followed by upper/lower back strength and muscle strength. As for specific changes in mental health characteristics, older respondents showed greater degrees of decline in memory, reaction time, and learning ability. Workers that participated in ergonomics training were more likely to change their work environment to reduce discomfort and enhance their performance. Health promotion programs of this type should be encouraged by employers.
What It Means for a Disabled Librarian to "Pass": An Autoethnographic Exploration of Inclusion, Identity, and Information Work

Through autoethnographic research and a deep dive into theoretical literature, this article explores the idea of hidden or invisible disability and its impact on information work. Much of the current work on disability in higher education is focused on issues involving serving students or library patrons with disabilities. A less explored area of research focuses on the experience of being a library worker with a disability and how that may affect the nature of information work and the provision of service. Moreover, the author explores the repercussions of performing information work with a hidden disability, and how the nature of hidden disability and the act of passing brings about its own ethical quandaries and challenges. The conclusion discusses practical applications for working with colleagues who may have hidden disabilities and provides questions for further exploration.
Parents’ financial assistance for college and black-white disparities in post-secondary educational attainment

Abstract This study examines the roles of parents’ socioeconomic resources and financial assistance for college in explaining persistent black-white disparities in post-secondary educational attainment. Analyses of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data indicate that blacks are significantly less likely to receive parental financial assistance for college than whites. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition results show that black parents’ lower socioeconomic resources, resulting from a lack of opportunity to amass resources, explains almost all racial disparity in parental assistance. Black-white disparity in parental assistance explains about one-third of racial disparities in educational attainment: If both races had the same chance of receiving parental assistance, racial disparity in obtaining a college degree would decline from 20 percentage-points to 14 percentage-points, and racial disparity in obtaining a post-college advanced degree would decrease from 8 percentage-points to 5 percentage-points. Parental socioeconomic resources and parental financial assistance together explain the majority of black-white differences in both measures of educational attainment. These results support a structural/stratification frame of racial disparities in educational attainment, not a cultural/behavioral frame. Findings suggest that reducing the impact of parents’ socioeconomic resources on parental financial assistance may promote racial equity in educational achievement.
Deep ultraviolet monolayer GaN/AlN disk-in-nanowire array photodiode on silicon

Extreme confinement of carriers in GaN layers of thickness of the order of a monolayer leads to a large quantum confinement energy and very large electronic and optical bandgaps. We have exploited this to realize a photodiode with AlN nanowire arrays, grown on silicon substrates by plasma-enhanced molecular beam epitaxy, wherein multiple ∼2 monolayer disks are inserted as the light absorbing region. Photoluminescence and photocurrent spectra confirm the optical gaps of the monolayer GaN. The photocurrent spectra show a peak at ∼240 nm in the deep-ultraviolet region of the optical spectrum. The dark current of the photodiodes is ∼10 nA at −6 V at room temperature. The peak quantum efficiency is 0.6%, and the noise-equivalent power is estimated to be 4.3 × 10−11W/Hz1/2. The bandwidth of the device is estimated to be limited to ∼3 MHz by the series resistance and diode capacitance.
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT USE AND DOOR-TO-UNLOADING TIME IN A STEMI POPULATION OVER NEARLY A DECADE

We examined our institutional experience with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) over nearly a decade in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to identify temporal trends and the impact of “door-to-unloading” time on in-hospital mortality. Baseline characteristics
Software Fault-Tolerance by Design Diversity Dedix: A Tool for Experiments

Abstract A large number of computing systems require very high levels of reliability, availability, or safety. A fault-avoidance approach is not practical in many eases, and is costly and difficult for software, if not impossible. One way of reducing tiie effects of an error introduced during the design of a program is to use multiple versions of the program, independently designed from a common specification. If these versions are designed by independent programming teams, it is to be expected that a fault in one version will not have the same behavior as any fault in the other versions. Since the errors in the output of the versions will be different and uncorrclated, it is pos-sible to run the versions concurrently, cross-check their results at prespecified points, and mask errors. A Design Diversity experiments (DEDIX) testbed has been implemented at UCLA to study the influence of common mode errors which can result in a failure of the entire system. The layered design of DEDDC and its decision algorithm are described. The usage of the system and its application in an ongoing experiment are explained.
The Us Export-Import Bank: A Review of the Debate Over Reauthorization

The Export-Import Bank of the United States is a government-owned bank that provides taxpayer-backed financing to private exporting corporations. Supporters of the bank argue that it is a critical tool to promote exports, create jobs, support small businesses, improve competitiveness, and protect taxpayers. We review the data and conclude that none of these arguments holds true. Rather, the Export-Import Bank is a protectionist agency that provides political privileges to well-connected firms at the expense of all other citizens. The federal government should not be trying to pick winners and losers through credit markets at taxpayers' risk. The charter of the bank should be allowed to expire.
An ERP investigation of age differences in the negativity bias for self-relevant and non–self-relevant stimuli

As we age, we show increased attention and memory for positive versus negative information, and a key event-related potential (ERP) marker of emotion processing, the late positive potential (LPP), is sensitive to these changes. In young adults the emotion effect on the LPP is also quite sensitive to the self-relevance of stimuli. Here we investigated whether the shift toward positive stimuli with age would be magnified by self-relevance. Participants read 2-sentence scenarios that were either self-relevant or non-self-relevant with a neutral, positive, or negative critical word in the second sentence. The LPP was largest for self-relevant negative information in young adults, with no significant effects of emotion for non-self-relevant scenarios. In contrast, older adults showed a smaller negativity bias, and the effect of emotion was not modulated by self-relevance. The 3-way interaction of age, emotion, and self-relevance suggests that the presence of self-relevant stimuli may reduce or inhibit effects of emotion for non-self-relevant stimuli on the LPP in young adults, but that older adults do not show this effect to the same extent.
The quirky intimacy of femme mental health memes

This paper identifies an affective aesthetic of “quirkiness” that femme meme authors popularized on Instagram. Building on feminist scholarship that reads new media through affect theory, this pape...
Limited effects of m6A modification on mRNA partitioning into stress granules

ABSTRACT Recent studies have argued that the m6A modification of mRNAs promotes mRNA recruitment to stress granules through the interaction with YTHDF proteins (Anders et al., 2018; Ries et al., 2019). However, mRNAs that contain multiple m6A modified sites partition similarly into stress granules in both wild-type and m6A-deficient cells by single-molecule FISH suggesting m6A modifications play a minor role in mRNA partitioning into stress granules. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis suggests m6A modification plays a minimal role in stress granule recruitment. Finally, the artificial tethering of 25 YTHDF proteins on reporter mRNAs leads to only a modest increase in mRNA partitioning to stress granules. These results indicate m6A modification makes a small, but measurable, contribution to recruiting specific mRNAs to stress granules.
Critical Perspectives on Disability Documentation in Higher Education: Current Trends and Observations

The role of disability documentation in establishing eligibility for disability status, student support services, and accommodations in higher education has waxed and waned in the last two decades. At one time, referral for evaluation and the resulting disability documentation were essential prerequisites in establishing postsecondary accommodations. Appropriate documentation describing the disability resulted in legal protections (National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities, 2007). Without this documentation, individuals were ineligible for a host of work-related and educational accommodations and support services. But now legal, research-based, and educational perspectives are informing a new approach to the use and importance of disability documentation. This article presents critical and differing perspectives which build on observed trends and practices in disability documentation requirements and accommodation decision-making. Subscribe to LDMJ
TU-B-210-00: MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Therapy in Oncology

MR guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), or alternatively high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU), is approved for thermal ablative treatment of uterine fibroids and pain palliation in bone metastases. Ablation of malignant tumors is under active investigation in sites such as breast, prostate, brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, and soft tissue. Hyperthermia therapy with MRgFUS is also feasible, and may be used in conjunction with radiotherapy and for local targeted drug delivery. MRI allows in situ target definition and provides continuous temperature monitoring and subsequent thermal dose mapping during HIFU. Although MRgHIFU can be very precise, treatment of mobile organs is challenging and advanced techniques are required because of artifacts in MR temperature mapping, the need for intercostal firing, and need for gated HIFU or tracking of the lesion in real time. The first invited talk, “MR guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Tumors in Bone and Soft Tissue”, will summarize the treatment protocol and review results from treatment of bone tumors. In addition, efforts to extend this technology to treat both benign and malignant soft tissue tumors of the extremities will be presented. The second invited talk, “MRI guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound – Advanced Approaches for Ablation and Hyperthermia”, will provide an overview of techniques that are in or near clinical trials for thermal ablation and hyperthermia, with an emphasis of applications in abdominal organs and breast, including methods for MRTI and tracking targets in moving organs. Learning Objectives: 1. Learn background on devices and techniques for MR guided HIFU for cancer therapy 2. Understand issues and current status of clinical MRg HIFU 3. Understand strategies for compensating for organ movement during MRgHIFU 4. Understand strategies for strategies for delivering hyperthermia with MRgHIFU CM - research collaboration with Philips
Intestinal Glucose-induced Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase Signaling in the Gut-Brain Axis in Awake Rats

Background Lumenal glucose initiates changes in gastrointestinal (GI) function, including inhibition of gastric emptying, stimulation of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion, and intestinal fluid secretion. Glucose stimulates the release of GI hormones and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and activates intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal pathways to initiate changes in GI function. The precise mechanisms involved in luminal glucose-sensing are not clear; studying gut endocrine cells is difficult due to their sparse and irregular localization within the epithelium. Methods Here we show a technique to determine activation of gut epithelial cells and the gut–brain pathway in vivo in rats using immunohistochemical detection of the activated, phosphorylated, form of calcium-calmodulin kinase II (pCaMKII). Key Results Perfusion of the gut with glucose (60 mg) increased pCaMKII immunoreactivity in 5-HT-expressing enterochromaffin (EC) cells, cytokeratin-18 immunopositive brush cells, but not in enterocytes or cholecystokinin-expressing cells. Lumenal glucose increased pCaMKII in neurons in the myenteric plexus and nodose ganglion, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the arcuate nucleus. pCaMKII expression in neurons, but not in EC cells, was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the 5-HT3R antagonist ondansetron. Deoxynojirimycin, a selective agonist for the putative glucose sensor, sodium-glucose cotransporter-3 (SGLT-3), mimicked the effects of glucose with increased pCaMKII in ECs and neurons; galactose had no effect. Conclusions & Inferences The data suggest that native EC cells in situ respond to glucose, possibly via SGLT-3, to activate intrinsic and extrinsic neurons and thereby regulate GI function.
Space-Time Coding: Theory and Practice

This book covers the fundamental principles of space-time coding for wireless communications over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, and sets out practical coding methods for achieving the performance improvements predicted by the theory. The theory and practice sections can be used independently of each other. Written by one of the inventors of space-time block coding, this volume is ideal for a graduate student familiar with the basics of digital communications, and for engineers implementing the theory in real systems.
Viable Syntax: Rethinking Minimalist Architecture

Hauser et al. (2002) suggest that the human language faculty emerged as a genetic innovation in the form of what is called here a ‘keystone factor’—a single, simple, formal mental capability that, interacting with the pre-existing faculties of hominid ancestors, caused a cascade of effects resulting in the language faculty in modern humans. They take Merge to be the keystone factor, but instead it is posited here that Merge is the pre-existing mechanism of thought made viable by a principle that permits relations interpretable at the interfaces to be mapped onto c-command. The simplified minimalist architecture proposed here respects the keystone factor as closely as possible, but is justified on the basis of linguistic analyses it makes available, including a relativized intervention theory applicable across Case, scope, agreement, selection and linearization, a derivation of the A/A’-distinction from Case theory, and predictions such as why in situ wh-interpretation is island-insensitive, but susceptible to intervention effects.
Training paramedics: emergency care for children with special health care needs.

Objective. To enhance knowledge and comfort related to the emergency care of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) through an innovative continuing education program for paramedics. Methods. A self-study program presenting in-depth information about common problems that affect the assessment and management of a child's airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and environment (ABCDEs), regardless of the child's diagnosis, was developed. This program used a manual, a video, practice mannequins, and skills evaluations to teach skills to paramedics employed at a municipal fire department. Results. Pre- and posttraining surveys found that the paramedics were significantly more comfortable with the assessment and management of CSHCN after the completion of the self-study program, with a pretraining average of 2.83 and posttraining average of 4.20 on a five-point Likert-type scale, t(37) = 12.87, p < 0.001. A skills evaluation showed that skills performance varied widely across 21 skills, ranging fr...
Efficiency of various growth media in recovering oral bacterial flora from human dental plaque.

MM10 sucrose blood agar (MM10 SB agar), N2C agar, Schaedler agar (SH agar), and mitis salivarius agar (MS agar) were tested for their ability to recover human dental plaque flora by a continuous anaerobic procedure and by a conventional anaerobic method. MM10 SB agar yielded higher recovery of bacteria from plaque samples as determined by the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU). The CFU on N2C agar, SH agar, and MS agar were lower than MM10 SB agar when the continuous anaerobic procedure was used. The superior performance of MM10 SB agar was much more apparent when used for the cultivation of dental plaque by the conventional anaerobic method. Under these conditions the counts were consistently higher on MM10 SB agar as compared to the other media tested. However, the differential counts of Streptococcus sanguis and S. mutans from carious plaque samples were in general comparable on all culture media. Deletion of blood from MM10 SB agar did not lower counts. The elimination of dithiothreitol from this medium resulted in a significantly lower recovery of bacteria from the plaque samples when cultured by the conventional anaerobic method. The storage of MM10 SB agar for varying periods of time aerobic conditions did not seem to affect its performance. These findings suggest that MM10 SB agar is an ideal culture medium for the isolation, nonselective enumeration, and differential counts of bacteria present in normal and disease-associated plaques.
HERMANN NITSCH – AUSTRIA IN THE AGE OF POST-SCANDALOUS CULTURE

This article uses the Austrian reception history of the Viennese Actionist Hermann Nitsch to investigate the changing function and structure of cultural scandal in Austria. Like many fellow artists, Nitsch became famous for his rejection of the Austrian state and its institutions, and was rejected by them in turn. Press, police and the federal government waged a series of pitched battles against the so-called Actionists. Today these same institutions have come to embrace Nitsch's art, but it attracts an entirely different kind of scandal. It is today used to turn the state apparatus itself into a scandal, and ultimately provides a way for the Austrian far right (FPO and BZO) to articulate their complicated and contradictory relationship to state power. Anhand der Rezeptionsgeschichte des Wiener Aktionisten Hermann Nitsch in Osterreich untersucht dieser Artikel die sich wandelnde Funktion und Struktur kultureller Skandale in Osterreich. Wie viele andere Kunstler auch begegnete Nitsch dem osterreichischen Nachkriegsstaat mit Ablehnung, und dieser begegnete dem Kunstler ebenso. Die Presse, die Polizei und die Bundesregierung befanden sich in einer Art Kleinkrieg insbesondere mit den sogenannten Aktionisten. Heute aber wird Nitsch von denselben Organen eifrig vereinnahmt, doch an dem Skandal um seine Werke hat dies keinen Abbruch getan, nur hat sich dessen Funktion und Struktur gewandelt. In den 80er und 90er Jahren benutzte die osterreichische Rechte (FPO und BZO) Kunstler wie Nitsch, um den osterreichischen Staat als solchen als Skandal zu delegitimieren.
Enhanced modeling of the immune system to incorporate natural killer cells and memory

Describes modifications to a 13/sup th/ order nonlinear differential-delay model (developed by Marchuk, Petrov, Bocharov and Romanyukha) of the immune response to a viral influenza infection. These modifications include: 1) reflect recent physiological understanding of immunologic processes, 2) clarify variable definitions, 3) incorporate B and T memory cell development, and 4) add the effect of natural killer cells. The model is simulated to show consistency with current theories and understandings in the literature.
A multiresolution approach for video texture registration

Electro-optical imagery can have uniform characteristics that prevent it from being registered by conventional edge-based methods. Such uniform characteristics, if they have periodicity, can be exploited using multi-resolution texture extraction techniques. We first use a multi-resolution Markov model to represent electro-optical textures and apply an autoregressive statistical approach to find correspondence between two images. We then demonstrate how this approach reduces the computational complexity of registering of two successive frames of video.
Cohesion energies and solubility parameters for xenon difluoride and xenon tetrafluoride

Abstract Cohesion energies, molar volumes, and solubility parameters (δ) have been calculated for XeF 2 and XeF 4 . The values of δ at 300 K are calculated to be 16.3 cal 1/2 cm −3/2 and 15.1 cal 1/2 cm −3/2 for XeF 2 and XeF 4 , respectively. These high values are interpreted in terms of possible modes of intermolecular interaction.
Too Much Fun: Toys as Social Problems and the Interpretation of Culture

Toys are a frequent subject of contemporary claims concerning social problems. Rooted in our culture's longstanding ambivalence regarding leisure and its concerns about children's vulnerability, claims about troublesome toys also reflect anxiety about children's increased susceptibility to non-familial influences, their growing access to toys, and an expanded toy industry, as well as an active social movement sector. Typically, these claims argue that toys represent undesirable values, and that children who play with the toys acquire those values. Parallel arguments may be found in claims regarding other forms of popular and material culture. Interactionists should be wary of making or accepting these claims, because rather than treating children's play as a topic (or empirical study, such claims locate meaning in objects, rather than actors.
Scope and mechanism of the intermolecular addition of aromatic aldehydes to olefins catalyzed by Rh(I) olefin complexes.

Rhodium (I) bis-olefin complexes Cp*Rh(VTMS)2 and Cp⧧Rh(VTMS)2 (Cp* = C5Me5, Cp⧧ = C5Me4CF3, VTMS = vinyl trimethylsilane) were found to catalyze the addition of aromatic aldehydes to olefins to form ketones. Use of the more electron-deficient catalyst Cp⧧Rh(VTMS)2 results in faster reaction rates, better selectivity for linear ketone products from α-olefins, and broader reaction scope. NMR studies of the hydroacylation of vinyltrimethylsilane showed that the starting Rh(I) bis-olefin complexes and the corresponding Cp*/⧧Rh(CH2CH2SiMe3)(CO)(Ar) complexes were catalyst resting states, with an equilibrium established between them prior to turnover. Mechanistic studies suggested that Cp⧧Rh(VTMS)2 displayed a faster turnover frequency (relative to Cp*Rh(VTMS)2) because of an increase in the rate of reductive elimination, the turnover-limiting step, from the more electron-deficient metal center of Cp⧧Rh(VTMS)2. Reaction of Cp*/⧧Rh(CH2CH2SiMe3)(CO)(Ar) with PMe3 yields acyl complexes Cp*/⧧Rh[C(O)CH2CH2SiMe3](PM...
Deformation and fracture of iridium: microalloying effects

Abstract The effects of Ce and Th doping (20–50 wppm) on the mechanical properties of Ir alloys were investigated. At both low (∼10 −3 s −1 ) and high (∼10 3 s −1 ) strain rates, the Ce+Th doped alloys undergo a transition from brittle intergranular (plus some transgranular) fracture at low temperature to ductile transgranular fracture at elevated temperature. The ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) is ∼400 K higher at the higher strain rate. Grain size and grain-boundary cohesion both affect the ductility of Ir alloys. Cerium and thorium, when added together, refine grain size more effectively than when Th is added by itself (especially at high temperatures). Their effect on grain-boundary cohesion is similar to that of Th by itself. At low strain rates (∼10 −3 s −1 ), the strength and ductility of alloys doped with Th were similar to those of alloys doped with both Th and Ce. The brittle–ductile transition appears to be related to a change from high work hardening rate at low temperature to low work hardening rate at elevated temperature.
Skew circulant quadratic forms

Abstract This paper investigates positive definite unimodular quadratic forms in n variables with rational integer coefficients and a skew circulant as the coefficient matrix. It is shown for n ≤ 13 that every such form is in the principal class, but that this no longer holds for n = 14. It is also shown that such forms can never be even. This behaviour is opposite to that for forms with a circulant as the coefficient matrix.
Diazepam and memory: support for a duplex model of memory.

In three experiments, the hypothesis that diazepam (Valium) selectively impairs the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory was supported by differences between placebo and drugged subjects in effects of item difficulty, serial position (primacy-recency), and list length. In Experiment 1, diazepam reduced recall in the primacy portion of the serial position function, but produced no performance difference in the recency component. Recall decreased in placebo subjects as item difficulty increased, but drugged subjects were relatively uaffected by manipulation of difficulty. In Experiments 2 and 3, subjects treated with diazepam exhibited smaller gains in immediate recall with increasing list length than placebo controls. Retrieval of words learned before drug administration was not impaired by diazepam; in fact, it was significantly enhanced relative to control performance. The results add further support to the distinction between short- and long-term memory.
Serotonin uptake in schistosomules of Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract 1. Schistosomules contain 1 5 the concentration of serotonin of adult male schistosomes. 2. Serotonin uptake in schistosomules is a temperature dependent, saturable transport process below 6 μM. 3. Saturable uptake is inhibited by ouabain, fluoxetine, and tryptamine. 4. Saturable uptake has a Km of 1.7 μM and a Vmax of 0.3 pmol/min/1000 schistosomules. 5. During the first hour after uptake serotonin is not metabolized to 5-HIAA.
Thermal transport in nanostructured solid-state cooling devices

Low-dimensional nanostructured materials are promising candidates for high efficiency solid-state cooling devices based on the Peltier effect. Thermal transport in these low-dimensional materials is a key factor for device performance since the thermoelectric figure of merit is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity. Therefore, understanding thermal transport in nanostructured materials is crucial for engineering high performance devices. Thermal transport in semiconductors is dominated by lattice vibrations called phonons, and phonon transport is often markedly different in nanostructures than it is in bulk materials for a number of reasons. First, as the size of a structure decreases, its surface area to volume ratio increases, thereby increasing the importance of boundaries and interfaces. Additionally, at the nanoscale the characteristic length of the structure approaches the phonon wavelength, and other interesting phenomena such as dispersion relation modification and quantum confinement may arise and further alter the thermal transport. We discuss phonon transport in semiconductor superlattices and nanowires with regards to applications in solid-state cooling devices. Systematic studies on periodic multilayers called superlattices disclose the relative importance of acoustic impedance mismatch, alloy scattering, and crystalline imperfections at the interfaces. Thermal conductivity measurements of monocrystalline silicon nanowires of different diameters reveal the strong effects of phonon-boundary scattering
Numerical analysis of guided wave scattering by multiple cracks in plates : SH-case

Abstract A hybrid finite element method is proposed for the analysis of guided wave scattering in a plate containing multiple subsurface cracks at arbitrary orientations. A part of the plate around the cracks (interior region) is modeled by conventional finite elements. The far-field (exterior region) is approximated by a finite number of guided wave modes. Matching at the interface between the two regions is obtained by satisfying the stress and displacement compatibility conditions. Numerical results showing the effects of cracks in a plate, in the form of changes in spectra and pulse shapes of the displacements on the surface of the plate, are presented.
Flexible microfluidic devices supported by biodegradable insertion scaffolds for convection-enhanced neural drug delivery

Convection enhanced delivery (CED) can improve the spatial distribution of drugs delivered directly to the brain. In CED, drugs are infused locally into tissue through a needle or catheter inserted into brain parenchyma. Transport of the infused material is dominated by convection, which enhances drug penetration into tissue compared with diffusion mediated delivery. We have fabricated and characterized an implantable microfluidic device for chronic convection enhanced delivery protocols. The device consists of a flexible parylene-C microfluidic channel that is supported during its insertion into tissue by a biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffold. The scaffold is designed to enable tissue penetration and then erode over time, leaving only the flexible channel implanted in the tissue. The device was able to reproducibly inject fluid into neural tissue in acute experiments with final infusate distributions that closely approximate delivery from an ideal point source. This system shows promise as a tool for chronic CED protocols.
Kinetic Analysis of Chicken Immunocytes with the Allogeneic In Vivo Antibody Assay

Abstract The in vivo antibody assay, in which immunocompetent cells (ICC) from antigen-primed donors are grown in allogeneic embryonic hosts, was used to assess the content of antigen-responsive cells in the spleen and blood of immunized chickens. The amount of hemagglutinating antibodies produced by the ICC in culture was dependent on the relative concentration of ICC in the inoculum, the antigen dose and duration of culture. The time of appearance, the rise to plateau level and decline in number of ICC in the blood following immunization of donor birds generally paralleled the accompanying hemagglutinin response profile. When the ICC-forming potential of chicks up to three weeks of age was tested, the capacity was minimal in two-day chicks and increased progressively during the first three weeks after hatching. The growth of the ICC-forming potential, as estimated by their relative concentrations in the spleen and blood 3 to 4 days after immunization, generally paralleled the maturation of the primary hemagglutinin-forming capacity. The nature of the ICC and their possible involvement in the anamnestic response is discussed.
Neonatal nasal mass: Chondromesenchymal hamartoma

Abstract Neonatal nasal masses are rare and can present with respiratory and feeding problems. Frequently, due to a paucity of available data, nasal masses can be diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. We present a case of a 7-day-old full-term female, who presented to our clinic with a right-sided nasal mass that had been present since birth. A biopsy of the mass revealed a diagnosis of nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH). In this report, we emphasize the evaluation of the patient, the benefit of pre-operative imaging, the surgical risks, and the post-operative concerns.
Essential elements of implementing a system of concurrent planning

In efforts to preserve foster children’s biological families and to promote the formation of alternative families in some situations, legislative efforts to promote ‘permanency’ have been gaining pace since the late 1990s. One policy and practice tool, concurrent planning (CP), simultaneously allows for the pursuit of reunification and adoption. This article examines six counties in California (USA) and their efforts towards implementation of the components of CP. Researchers used qualitative methods to explore policies and practices of CP. Key informants include social workers, social work supervisors, attorneys and judges. The study identifies and describes seven elements determined to be essential to the complete and successful implementation of CP. Implications for agency practice and family outcomes are discussed.
Design and synthesis of asymmetric acyclic phospholipid bolaamphiphiles.

A synthetic route was devised for the generation of asymmetric lipid bolaamphiphiles through the sequential esterification of an alkyldioic acid, bearing distinct terminal protecting groups, with propanylamine and lyso-phosphatidylcholine headgroups. Bolaamphiphile self-assembly was investigated in solvent mixes of varying polarity by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as in water by cryo-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (cryo-HRSEM). We anticipate that asymmetric lipid bolaamphiphiles will provide facile building blocks for engineering a variety of unique membrane-mimetic structures.