cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics of Self-Organization of Biomolecules

The Genetic Code table does not reveal the hidden pattern in the structure of the table. The only observed structural pattern reported is assymmetry, [1]. C. H. Waddington pointed out that “Selection does not impinge directly ongenotypes, but onphenotypes.”, [2]. In the case of the Genetic Code, the codons form the genotypes and amino acids phenotypes. The pattern of synthesis of the different groups in amino acids is observed in terms of Fibonacci sequence, 1 1 2 3 5 8. The asymmetric form of the Genetic Code table, the Genetic Tableau, has a pattern formed by the six right-hand Fibonacci spirals, 1 1 2. A similar pattern for the six Fibonacci spirals 1 1 2 3 5 8 is observed by matching the elements of the DOGU group of polyhedra classifying proteins, [3]. This precision in pattern formation is intrinsic in the Fibonacci sequence, (Fn= Fn-2+Fn-1). Unlike the cardinal numbers, xn , n =1,2,3,.., or complex numbers zn= xn +iynFibonacci numbers are hexagonal; therefore, six rotationally symmetric positions on the surface (2D) are possible. This creates congruence (mod 6). In addition, two consecutive ones (Fn-2 and Fn-1) represented by two hexagons are rotated from each other by π/6. This rotation can be +π/6 or -π/6, creating the right-handedness or left-handedness of 2D (surface) tessellation by spirals. The size of the edges of each hexagon corresponding to a Fibonacci number is equal to Fn. For example, F6= 8. Covering surface (2D) can be symmetric or asymmetric. The 3D tessellation is accomplished by the formation of a helix. The expanding surface forms a hyperboloid obeying the golden ratio (Fn/Fn-1). This is the Waddington-ThomEpigenetic Landscape [3]. [1] Biophys J. February (1969); A-254 [2] Annals NYAS 231 (1974)32-42. [3] Biophys J. January (2009); (3038-Pos).
Biosynthesis of androgens by pheochromocytomas.

Abstract Homogenates from four adrenal pheochromocytomas converted 4-14C-labeled pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone into androstenedione and testosterone. In addition to these androgens, labeled pregnane substrates were also transformed into corticosteroids, as previously reported, and this conversion occurred in even higher yield. The formation of labeled metabolites of either pathway was greater in homogenates from intraadrenal pheochromocytomas than in those derived from an extraadrenal tumor, but less than in preparations of hyperplastic adrenal cortex. Incubations of subcellular fractions isolated from an adrenal pheochromocytoma showed that the enzyme activities involved in androgen formation from the radioactive substrates studied were associated with the microsomes and required exogenous cofactors. In contrast to adrenocortical tissue, chromaffin cell preparations uniformly failed to convert substrate [4-14C]cholesterol into either androgens or corticosteroids. The data available demonstrate the presence in chromaffin tissue of all of the enzyme activities required for the biosynthesis of androgens and corticosteroids except for those involved in the side-chain scission of cholesterol.
Multiport diffusers for heat disposal: A summary

This paper reviews the fluid mechanical characteristics - as derived from theoretical and experimental studies during the past dozen years - of submerged multiport diffusers used for heat disposal from thermal power plants into the water environment. Foremost among these characteristics is the near field instability produced by such thermal diffusers in typical receiving water conditions. Rather than forming a distinct buoyant plume as is the case for the traditional sewage diffuser, the high discharge momentum of thermal diffusers leads to a flow breakdown with local recirculation zones and full vertical mixing. Stability diagrams for both stagnant and flowing ambient conditions are presented. The flow and temperature fields at larger distances, in the intermediate field, are, in turn, critically dependent upon how the discharge momentum is introduced into the ambient fluid layer. Out of a spectrum of possible diffuser designs three major types have evolved. The unidirectional and staged diffusers are designs which result in concentrated vertically mixed plume motions. The alternating diffuser with appropriate nozzle control generates a stratified flow field outside the unstable near field. Predictive techniques for these basic types are summarized. A typical case comparison illustrates their differences in engineering design and environmental impact.
Synchrotron radiation of vector bosons at relativistic colliders

Magnetic fields produced in collisions of electrically charged particles at relativistic energies are strong enough to affect the dynamics of the strong interactions. In particular, it induces radiation of vector bosons by relativistic fermions. I calculate the corresponding spectrum in constant magnetic field and analyze its angular distribution and mass dependence. As an application, synchrotron radiation of vector bosons by relativistic plasmas is considered.
Treatment options for intracranial arterial stenosis and progress of ongoing clinical trials

Abstract Treatment options for atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis include antiplatelet agents, warfarin, and angioplasty/stenting. Currently, there are no data from prospective, randomized clinical trials to determine which of these therapies is most effective. One ongoing nonrandomized study [stenting of symptomatic atheroscelrotic lesions in the vertebral or intracranial arteries (SSYLVIA)] is evaluating the safety of primary stenting in 61 patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Another double-blind, randomized clinical trial [warfarin aspirin symptomatic intracranial disease (WASID)] is comparing warfarin with aspirin in 806 patients with symptomatic stenosis (50–99%) of a major intracranial artery verified by angiography. In addition to determining whether warfarin or aspirin is superior for the treatment of intracranial stenosis, WASID will identify high risk patients who would be the target group to enroll in a subsequent trial comparing intracranial angioplasty/stenting with best medical therapy.
Coherent states and squeezed states of massless and massive relativistic harmonic oscillators

Abstract Coherent states and squeezed states for photons and massive relativistic harmonic oscillators are investigated. Using Schwinger's dual-bosonic representation, a squeezed state is shown to be a coherent particle-antiparticle state that can be constructed by generators of SO(2, 1). The squeezing effects can be caused either by the Lorentz boost or a transformation between frames at a constant acceleration.
The new pictorial structural covariance method for qualitative quantum chemistry. II: Arenes with or without polyene side chains and polyene bridges

The aromaticity, anti-aromaticity, and two new types of behaviour of pi-hydrocarbons with one or more CmHm rings attached by polyene bridges and with or without several polyene side chains are readily obtainable “on the blackboard” directly from the structural formulae using the general pictorial method recently presented. The HOMO-LUMO types, number of non-bonding MOs, and qualitative stability are also deduced. The single pi-rings fall into four homolog classes characterized by their first members C3H3, C4H4, C5H5, and C6H6 rather than the two previous Huckel 4n, 4n + 2 types. A general rule for finding the number of NBMOs for bridged combinations of such ring types is given.
K, Rb, Cs and Sr relationships in submarine basalts from the Puerto Rico trench

Abstract Basalts dredged from a restricted region on the north wall of the Puerto Rico trench show a wide range in K (620–5600 ppm), K Rb (430–2030), K Cs (4560/81,000) and K Sr (6.8–35.7). There is a positive correlation between K, K Rb , K Cs , K Sr , Sr and SiO2. Deuteric or sea water alteration of these basalts is suggested by high H2O+ contents and Fe 2 O 3 FeO ratios. If Sr 87 Sr 86 ratios as high as 0.706 are taken as evidence of sea water alteration, then it follows that such alteration processes may produce the observed positive trends of K Rb and K Cs versus K content. The extreme freshness required for meaningful trace element analysis or K-Ar dating of submarine basalts is emphasized by these results.
A Synthesis of Pseudopelletierine

Abstract A new synthesis of pseudopelletierine is presented in which the diethyl ester of lobelinic acid was subjected to a Dieckmann type condensation to yield carbethoxy- pseudopelletierine which on hydrolysis and decarboxylation gave pseudopelletierine.A total synthesis of lobelinic acid was also accomplished by reduction of pyridyl-2,6-diacetic acid dianilide, followed by hydrolysis to give norlobelinic acid which was methylated by treatment with formaldehyde and formic acid to give lobelinic acid.Several new compounds prepared include pyridyl-2,6-diacetic acid diethyl ester hydrochloride; norlobelinic acid, its anilide and its dimethyl and diethyl esters as hydrochloride salts; and dimethyl and diethyl esters of lobelinic acid as hydrochloride salts.
EFFECT OF SODIUM NITRITE ON FLAVOR OF CURED PORK

SUMMARY The effect of sodium nitrite in the curing pickle upon the flavor of the resulting cured and cooked pork roasts was investigated. Paired pork longissimus dorsi roasts were cured with varying amounts of salt, and with or without sodium nitrite. The effect of smoke was also studied. Taste panelists were able to select correctly (P < 0.05 or 0.01) the different sample in triangle tests and indicated that the pork roasts cured with sodium nitrite had more cured pork flavor. Smoke did not mask this flavor, which was different from that attributable to the salt used in the curing pickle.
Effects of genetic variation in the novel organic cation transporter, OCTN1, on the renal clearance of gabapentin.

Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant that is widely prescribed for epilepsy and other neuropathic disorders. The pharmacokinetics, particularly the absorption and renal elimination, of gabapentin appear to involve membrane transporters. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1), a multispecific transporter expressed at the apical membrane in intestine and kidney, plays a role in gabapentin pharmacokinetics and that the common variant of OCTN1, OCTN1-L503F, contributes to variation in the pharmacokinetics of the drug. We observed that OCTN1 facilitates the Na þ -independent transport of gabapentin, and that the OCTN1-L503F variant is deficient in gabapentin transport activity in stably transfected HEK-293 cells (fourfold enhanced uptake of gabapentin by OCTN1-503L vs twofold enhanced uptake by OCTN1-L503F, compared to mock-transfected cells). In clinical studies, we found that in subjects homozygous for the L503F variant, gabapentin renal clearance (CLR )a pproximates the glomerular filtration rate (mean7SE: 110712ml/min, n ¼9), whereas in subjects homozygous for the reference allele, gabapentin undergoes net secretion in the kidney (14177.8ml/min, n ¼11, Po0.05). Creatinine clearance and OCTN1 genotype accounted for 56% of the variation in CLR and were the only significant predictors of CLR (Po0.05). Importantly, OCTN1 genotype was the only significant predictor of net secretion of gabapentin (Po0.008). Oral bioavailability of gabapentin was not affected by OCTN1 genotype. We conclude that OCTN1 contributes to active tubular secretion of gabapentin, and that this effect may be diminished or absent in individuals carrying the OCTN1-L503F polymorphism. These results provide clinical evidence of the role of genetic variation in renal drug transporters in active drug secretion in vivo.
Patient Safety in the Rehabilitation of Children with Traumatic Brain Injury and Cerebral Palsy

With the advent of newer and better therapies available, patient safety is emerging as a new topic. Pediatric patient safety is relatively new, in that there are few guidelines available. Safety in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) given the incidence of TBI is very vital. This is an attempt to identify the key points in TBI.
Implanon: A New Contraceptive Implant

Women who cannot use hormonal contraception containing estrogen have a variety of progestin-only contraceptive methods from which to choose. Implanon is a new single-rod progestin-only contraceptive implant that is easily inserted and can remain in place for up to 3 years. It is highly effective with a rapid onset of action and an equally rapid return of fertility once removed. Counseling is important to help women decide if this method is appropriate for their needs.
Technological improvements in vaccine efficacy and individual incentive to vaccinate

Abstract A more efficacious vaccine has two opposing effects, namely, the direct effect and the indirect effect, on each individual’s incentive to vaccinate. Technological improvements in vaccine efficacy may thus reduce each individual’s incentive to vaccinate.
Blood-brain barrier alteration after microwave-induced hyperthermia is purely a thermal effect. I, Temperature and power measurements

The effect of microwave-induced hyperthermia on the blood-brain barrier was studied in 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, animals were place in a stereotactic frame, and an interstitial microwave antenna operating at 2450 MHz was inserted in a bony groove drilled parallel to the sagittal suture. Some antennae were equipped with an external cooling jacket. Temperature measurements were made lateral to the antenna by fluoroptical thermometry, and power was calculated from the time-temperature profile. Five minutes prior to termination of microwave irradiation, horseradish peroxidase (1 mg/20 g body weight) was injected intravenously. Extravasation of horseradish peroxidase was observed in brain tissue heated above 44.3 degrees C for 30 minutes and at 42.5 degrees C for 60 minutes. Microwave irradiation failed to open the blood-brain barrier when brain temperatures were sustained below 40.3 degrees C by the cooling system. Extravasation of blood-borne peroxidase occurred at sites of maximal temperature elevation, even when these did not coincide with the site of maximum power density. The data suggest that microwave-induced hyperthermia is an effective means for opening the blood-brain barrier and that the mechanism is not related to the nonthermal effect of microwaves.
The widely used Wnt1-Cre transgene causes developmental phenotypes by ectopic activation of Wnt signaling.

The Wnt1-Cre transgenic mouse line is extensively used in the study of the development of the neural crest and its derivatives and the midbrain. The Wnt1 gene has important developmental roles in formation of the midbrain–hindbrain boundary, regulation of midbrain size, and neurogenesis of ventral midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Here, we report that Wnt1-Cre transgenic mice exhibit phenotypes in multiple aspects of midbrain development. Significant expansion of the midbrain and increased proliferation in the developing inferior colliculus is associated with ectopic expression of Wnt1. Marked elevation of Wnt1 expression in the ventral midbrain is correlated with disruption of the differentiation program of ventral mDA neurons. We find that these phenotypes can be attributed to ectopic expression of Wnt1 from the Wnt1-Cre transgene leading to the ectopic activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Since these caveats could complicate the utility of Wnt1-Cre in some developmental circumstances, we report a new Wnt1-Cre2 transgenic mouse line that can serve the same purposes as the original without the associated phenotypic complications. These studies reveal an important caveat to a widely-used reagent, provide an improved version of this reagent, and indicate that the original Wnt1-Cre transgenic mouse line may be useful as a gain of function model for interrogating Wnt signaling mechanisms in multiple aspects of midbrain development.
Birth prevalence of neural tube defects among several racial/ethnic groups in the United States. † 1185

We compared the birth prevalence of anencephaly and spina bifida among several racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Using birth data for the years 1989 to 1991 (N = 10,225,502), we estimated logistic regression models that included variables controlling for maternal age and race/ethnicity for anencephaly and spina bifida. The overall birth prevalence of anencephaly was 1.81 (95% C.I., 1.72 - 1.89) and that of spina bifida 2.67 (95% C.I., 2.57 - 2.77) per 10,000 live births. Results of logistic models for anencephaly showed that infants born to Mexican mothers had a 2-fold increase [Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 2.06, 95% C.I., 1.83 - 2.33], and infants born to Puerto Rican mothers a 50% increase [Adjusted OR: 1.53, 95% C.I., 1.03 - 2.28] in prevalence of anencephaly as compared with infants born to Non-Hispanic White mothers. On the other hand, infants born to African American mothers had a birth prevalence of anencephaly that was similar to that of Whites [Adjusted OR for African Americans: 0.96, 95% C.I., 0.84 - 1.11]. Results of logistic models for spina bifida showed that infants born to African American mothers had a 38% lower prevalence of spina bifida at birth [Adjusted OR: 0.62, 95% C.I., 0.55 - 0.70] as compared with Non-Hispanic Whites. Infants born to Mexican mothers had a 24% lower [Adjusted OR: 0.76, 95% C.I., 0.67 - 0.87) and infants born to other Hispanic mothers with the exception of Puerto Ricans a 40% lower [Adjusted OR: 0.60, 95% C.I., 0.47 - 0.78] prevalence of spina bifida at birth as compared with Non-Hispanic Whites. Finally, results of logistic models did not reveal any obvious effect of maternal age on the risks for anencephaly or spina bifida.
Activated peripheral T lymphocytes undergo apoptosis when cultured with monocytes activated by HLA class II ligation

We treated PBMC with anti-MHC class II mAb known to inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation. Adherent cells from mAb-treated PBMC showed increased metabolic activity by the MTS assay that was not due to cell proliferation. PBMC cultured with solid-phase anti-class II mAb in chamber inserts inhibited, across a membrane, the proliferation of PBMC cultured with soluble anti-CD3 mAb. PBMC treated with both soluble mAb underwent apoptosis as shown by nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The monocytes formed multinucleated giant cells as shown by fluorescent microscopy, and contained apoptotic bodies as shown by the TUNEL method and by electron microscopy. The apoptotic cells were identified as T cells by double-staining with anti-CD4/CD8-PE and annexin-V-FITC. Thus, MHC class II ligation stimulates monocytes to increase their metabolic activity, induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes, and phagocytize the apoptotic cells. TCR-mediated ligation of MHC class II may play a role in the downregulation of immune responses.
1306 NEURAL CREST INVOLVEMENT IN MOUSE TRISOMY 16 EMBRYOPATHY

Murine Trisomy 16 (Ts16) has been proposed as an animal model for Down Syndrome. We examined serial histologic reconstructions of Ts16 fetuses from day 14 through 18 gestation. We found that 94% (N=52) of Ts16 mice had cardiovascular malformations. Endocardial cushion defects were most common (62%) and were associated frequently with conotruncal abnormalities (DORV, 36%; overriding aorta, 35%; PTA, 6%; TGA, 2%) We found thymic hypoplasia in > 90% of Ts16 mice. Consistent with previous observations (Oster-Granite et al., Ped. Res. 17: 300A (1983)), we found facial, basiocciput, and audiovestibular (otic) abnormalities. In reconstructions of the temporal bones, no specimen showed more than 1.5 turns of the cochlea by day 13 (N=2.5). Kirby et al (Science 220: 1059-1061 (1983); Science 223: 498-500 (1984) demonstrated in chick-quail chimeras the cephalic neural crest contribution to thymus development and to aorticopulmonary septation. The combination of cardiac defects, thymic hypoplasia, auditory, and craniofacial malformations we have observed in the Ts16 mouse is consistent with a generalized rhombencephalic neural crest deficiency. This deficiency may be due to failure of cell proliferation or migration, to excessive cell death, or to abnormal cell-cell interactions.
A three-dice representation of major league baseball

Abstract Based upon a two-dice representation of baseball encountered by the author in the late 1950s, trial-and-error experimentation utilizing a third die, spanning three years (from April 2005 to October 2007 {489 dice-games}), has led to a set of rules involving three dice that statistically mimics the run-scoring in Major League Baseball to 99.5%, the statistical correlation mentioned itself based upon all 165 games played by the Chicago Cubs in the 2007 Baseball Season and a corresponding set of 165 dice games played over the same time frame. The dice game itself incorporates essentially all aspects of the actual game – including double and (very rare) triple plays, stolen bases/advances due to wild pitches or passed balls, further advances associated with the latter due to throwing errors, etc., runners occasionally going from first to third on a single, runners occasionally scoring from second on a single or from first on a double, sacrifice bunts/flies – even rare scoring on outs other than on sa...
Rapid analysis of scattering from periodic dielectric structures using accelerated Cartesian expansions

The analysis of fields in periodic dielectric structures arise in numerous applications of recent interest, ranging from photonic bandgap structures and plasmonically active nanostructures to metamaterials. To achieve an accurate representation of the fields in these structures using numerical methods, dense spatial discretization is required. This, in turn, affects the cost of analysis, particularly for integral-equation-based methods, for which traditional iterative methods require O(N2) operations, N being the number of spatial degrees of freedom. In this paper, we introduce a method for the rapid solution of volumetric electric field integral equations used in the analysis of doubly periodic dielectric structures. The crux of our method is the accelerated Cartesian expansion algorithm, which is used to evaluate the requisite potentials in O(N) cost. Results are provided that corroborate our claims of acceleration without compromising accuracy, as well as the application of our method to a number of compelling photonics applications.
A rejoinder to Abell and Reyniers' 'failure of social theory'.

Manuel Castells responds to an essay by Abell and Reyniers criticizing his work. Castells describes the essay as an angry refusal of the entire intellectual effort that he has submitted to collegial consideration, proceeding on the basis of selected paragraphs quoted out of context, and a series of unfounded statements. In Castells' view, Abell and Reyniers's is a marginal attitude in today's diverse and tolerant intellectual world.
A feminist theoretical perspective on the socialization of teenage girls through Seventeen magazine

An analysis of the ideology constructed in Seventeen magazine suggests that the concerns of a teenage girl are primarily with her appearance, household activities, and romance and dating. Sixty percent of the editorial copy for each issue for the years 1961, 1972, and 1985 dealt with beauty, fashion, cooking, and decorating. The feminist movement of the late 1960s may have influenced editorial content somewhat: the amount of coverage in the category “male-female relations,” representing traditional socialization, decreased in 1972, while coverage in the category “self-development,” representing more feminist messages, increased. In 1985, however, the percentages returned to their 1961 figures, suggesting that the effect was not permanent.
PVT properties of concentrated aqueous electrolytes. II. Compressibilities and apparent molar compressibilities of aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 from dilute solution to saturation and from 0 to 50°C

The relative sound velocities (U-U°) of aqueous NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 solutions were measured from 0.05m to saturation and from 0 to 45°C. The sound speeds were combined with our earlier work and fitted to a function of molality and temperature to standard deviations within 0.3 m-sec−1. The adiabatic compressibilities, βs, were determined from the sound speeds and used to calculate adiabatic apparent molar compressibilities, Kϕ,s, isothermal compressibilities, β, and apparent molar compressibilities, Kϕ, were determined from the adiabatic values using literature data for expansibilities and heat capacities. The values of Kϕ have been extrapolated to infinite dilution using an extended limiting law. The resulting K0 at various temperatures are in reasonable agreement with literature values. The results of this study have been combined with our earlier results to derive a secant bulk modulus equation of state for NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 solutions valid from 0 to 50°C and 0 to 1000 bar.
Active control of vibrations and noise of double wall cylindrical shells

Abstract Active control of vibrations and noise transmissions of double wall composite cylindrical shells using pairs of spatially discrete piezoelectric actuators is investigated. The velocity feedback and sound pressure rate feedback control procedures are developed. The inner and outer shells which are separated by a soft core are modelled by Love's thin shell theory for laminate composite materials and the inputs are taken as stationary random pressures and/or random point forces. A galerkin-like procedure is used to obtain solutions of the governing structural-acoustic equations. Parametric studies are performed to demonstrate the effect of actuator placement, actuator size, control gains, spillover, structural and acoustic damping characteristics
Securing resource constraints embedded devices using elliptic curve cryptography

The use of smart embedded device has been growing rapidly in recent time because of miniaturization of sensors and platforms. Securing data from these embedded devices is now become one of the core challenges both in industry and research community. Being embedded, these devices have tight constraints on resources such as power, computation, memory, etc. Hence it is very difficult to implement traditional Public Key Cryptography (PKC) into these resource constrained embedded devices. Moreover, most of the public key security protocols requires both public and private key to be generated together. In contrast with this, Identity Based Encryption (IBE), a public key cryptography protocol, allows a public key to be generated from an arbitrary string and the corresponding private key to be generated later on demand. While IBE has been actively studied and widely applied in cryptography research, conventional IBE primitives are also computationally demanding and cannot be efficiently implemented on embedded system. Simplified version of the identity based encryption has proven its competence in being robust and also satisfies tight budget of the embedded platform. In this paper, we describe the choice of several parameters for implementing lightweight IBE in resource constrained embedded sensor nodes. Our implementation of IBE is built using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC).
Air cargo, trade and transportation costs of perishables and exotics from South America

Abstract Exporting time-sensitive perishable and exotic products is one of few alternatives that producers in less-developed countries have to compete in international markets. While export performance is generally linked to these producers' ability to take advantage of their geographic location and access to low labor costs, concerns about the sustainability of these economic activities encompass complex supply chains and high transportation costs. There is an increasing interest in understanding the reliability of such supply chains and the implications of high transportation costs, particularly airfreight costs. Using South America as a case study, we investigate trade and air transportation costs of perishables between 2000 and 2006. Descriptive trade statistics are complemented by an assessment and comparison of airfreight rates. The results are mostly consistent with producers' concerns. Among the inconsistencies, producers in some countries face higher transportation costs than far more distant neighbors; while in others transportation costs have decreased in the period of time examined.
Supersymmetry in the space-time R × S3

Global N = 1 supersymmetry is implemented on the surface of a four-dimensional sphere, in order to obtain a rotationally invariant and infrared-regulated version of such theories. We find that only R-invariant theories have supersymmetric actions in this space, and that the R-operator explicitly appears in the supersymmetry algebra (although the flat space superalgebra is recovered in the limit of large radius). Going to R × S3 therefore provides a rationale for only considering R-invariant theories, as is usually done for phenomenological reasons in flat space. The vacuum structure is analyzed at the tree level in various theories, and in most cases, it turns out to be simpler than in flat space. Supersymmetry breaking is considered, and it is found necessary to redefine Witten's index. This is due to the unusual superalgebra in R × S3, and its consequence, that the number of bosonic and fermionic states are not equal at any energy level. Finally, superspace is defined, and the scalar and vector multiplets are described in terms of chiral superfields. The supersymmetric transformations and lagrangian can be reexpressed in this language.
An example of node-based postassembly elaboration of a hydrogen-sorbing, metal-organic framework material.

A robust, noncatenated, and permanently microporous metal−organic framework (MOF) material has been synthesized by combining a new nonplanar ligand, 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrabenzoic acid, with a zinc(II) source under solvothermal conditions. The new material features cavities that are readily modified via activation and functionalization of framework nodes (as opposed to struts). A preliminary investigation of the “empty cavity” version of the material and six cavity-modified versions reveals that modification can substantially modulate the MOF’s internal surface area, pore volume, and ability to sorb molecular hydrogen.
The composition and deposition of organic carbon in Precipitation

Wet-only precipitation was collected at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire and Ithaca, New York from June 1976 through May 1977. Samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), carboxylic acids, aldehydes, carbohydrates, tannidlignin, primary amines and phenols. DOC was partitioned into molecular weight ranges via ultrafiltration at nominal cut-off values of 1000; 5000; 20,000; 50,000 and 100,000 daltons. Annual total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and depositions were 1.28 mg I -1 and 14.0 kg ha -1 at Hubbard Brook, and 2.37 mg 1 -1 and 24.2 kg ha -1 at Ithaca. DOC comprised 84% and 80% of these totals, respectively. The majority of annual deposition occurred in summer (June-September), when both concentrations and rainfall amounts were higher. Although volume-weighted, annual mean TOC concentrations at Ithaca were more than 1.8 times higher than at Hubbard Brook; the physical/chemical profiles were similar at both sites. Particulate plus dissolved macromolecular (> 1000 MW) organics accounted for 51% and 63% of TOC at Hubbard Brook and Ithaca, respectively. Carboxylic acids, aldehydes, carbohydrates (chiefly polysaccharides) and tannidlignin comprised most of the remaining carbon, and were present in similar amounts (as % of TOC). It is suggested that a major fraction of TOC in precipitation at these two sites in the northeastern U.S. was derived from airborne particulate matter, such as soil dust and plant material. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1983.tb00003.x
The Experience of Expressing and Donating Breast Milk Following a Perinatal Loss

Background:The continued ability for a mother to produce breast milk following the death of her baby in utero, at birth, or during the postpartum period is an aspect of perinatal loss that is rarely acknowledged.Objective:To explore the lived experience of bereaved mothers who chose to express and donate their breast milk to a milk bank to feed premature and sick babies following the loss of their own babies.Methods:Twenty-one bereaved mothers who donated their milk between January 2003 and December 2006 to the Mothers Milk Bank in San Jose, CA or Columbus, OH participated in an in-depth, semistructured interview process about their experiences expressing and donating their milk.Results:Each transcribed interview revealed 4 essential themes, as follows: (1) identifying as a mother, grieving the loss of motherhood; (2) meanings associated with the experience of pumping milk; (3) finding meaning in and integrating the experience of perinatal loss; and (4) the importance of addressing lactation with bereaved...
π+-π0 mass difference

An expression for the electromagnetic self-energy to first order in the fine structure constant, including all nonelectromagnetic interactions without approximation, is derived in terms of a Compton scattering amplitude. The generalized form factors of this amplitude are evaluated for the π+-π0 mass difference by dispersion-theoretic techniques. Using general physical principles to determine the contribution of the contact terms to the mass difference, we obtain the result given by Riazuddin (1).
Satyajit Ray: A Study of His Films

The Way to Pather Panchali Pather Panchali: Apu's Childhoogd Aparajito (The Unvanquished): Apu's Youth Apur Sansar (The World of Apu): Apu's Maturity Parash Pather (The Philosopher's Stone): A Turn to Comedy and Satire Jalsaghar (The Music Room): The Passing of the Old Order Devi (The Goddess): The Tragedy of Incarnation Rabindranath Tagore: The Brahmo Geritage Teen Kanya (Three Daughters): The Shorter Form Kanchanjungha: Ray's First Examination of Contemporary India Abhijan (The Expedition): A Good Man Gone Wrong Mahanagar (The Big City): The Woman Leads the Way Charulata: The Seeds of Reform Kapurush-O-Mahapurush (The Coward and the Holy Man): A Love Story and a Satire Nayak (The Hero): A Star Falls Goopy Gyne Baha Byne (The Adventures of Goopy and Bagha): A Children's Story Aranyer Din Ratri (Days and Nights in the Forest): Finding the Way Pratidwandi (The Adversary): The Job Seeker Seemabaddha (Company Limited): The Price of Success Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder): Starvation Comes on Slowly The Inner Eye and Two: Two Short Films Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress): A Detective Film Jana Aranya (The Middleman): Urban Corruption Shatranj Ke Khilari (The Chess Players): The British Takeover Joi Baba Felunath (The Elephant God): More Detective Action Hirok Rajar Deshe (The Kingdom of Diamonds): Political Protest Pikoo's Day: An Awakening Sadgati (Deliverance): The Caste System at its Worst Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World): A Return to Tagore
Nearshore Bars Along United States Gulf Coast: ABSTRACT

The microtidal, low-wave energy, United States coast of the Gulf of Mexico is characterized by an abundance of shoreface bars. Four distinct component bars can be identified, though interference patterns exist. Vertical air photos since 1945 and numerous overflights and field measurements during the last two years have shown that the equilibrium bar configuration at any given site is time-invariant. During storms, however, the bars go through cycles of change in a manner similar to those identified by Short. Based on plan geometry the following four bar types are identified. Multiple (10 or more) longshore bars: Multiple longshore bars, without interference from other bar types, occur on the low-tide platform in front of a steep beach face, along shoreline segments of convex plan form and low wave energy. The bars have a sinusoidal cross-profile, constant height, and constant spacing suggesting that they form in response to a standing wave pattern established through interference between incident wind waves and waves reflected from the steep beach face. Transverse bars: Bars oriented at steep angles relative to the shoreline dominate in low energy environments (Mississippi Sound and other sheltered embayments) along the central Gulf coast. Intersecting transverse bars, forming an overall rhombic pattern, dominate the lagoonal platform behind the Mississippi-Alabama barrier chain. The mainland shoreface of Mississippi Sound, however, is dominated by intersecting transverse and multiple longshore bars. Generally, transverse bar spacing appears to be proportional to bar amplitude. The transverse bar morphology reflects a complex interaction between incident, high-frequency waves and the resultant longshore currents. Crescentic bars: The Gulf beaches of barriers and spits of the Florida panhandle, Alabama, and Mississippi are characterized by crescentic bars or single longshore bars. The crescentic form is best developed adjacent to, or between, shore-normal structures which might be jetties, groins, or natural headlands. This suggests that the crescentic bar morphology forms in response to a wave motion transverse to that of the incident waves, i.e., edge waves which are expectedly best developed trapped between reflecting shore-normal structures. Longshore bars: These bars characterize the entire Texas coast and many Louisiana barriers. This coastline has the highest wave energy in the study area. The constant crest-to-trough water depth ratio, the asymmetric cross-profile, and the landward decrease in size and spacing suggest that these are breakpoint bars. These four component bars, all resulting from different mechanisms of generation, occur either individually or in different patterns of superposition creating six commonly observable bar morphologies along the Gulf Coast barriers and mainland shores. Specific coastal subenvironments are characterized by time-invariant equilibrium bar configurations. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1565------------
APPROXIMATING THE MAPPING BETWEEN SYSTEMS EXHIBITING GENERALIZED SYNCHRONIZATION

We present two methods for approximating the mapping between two systems exhibiting generalized synchronization. If the equations of motion are known then an analytic approximation to the mapping can be found. If time series data are used then a numerical approximation can be found.
Trim71 cooperates with microRNAs to repress Cdkn1a expression and promote embryonic stem cell proliferation

Embryonic stem cells have a shortened cell cycle that allows for rapid proliferation, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Here, a microRNA target, Trim71, is shown to inhibit the expression of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, thus enabling the G1–S phase cell cycle transition in embryonic stem cells.
Comparing carbon sequestration in temperate freshwater wetland communities

High productivity and waterlogged conditions make many freshwater wetlands significant carbon sinks. Most wetland carbon studies focus on boreal peatlands, however, with less attention paid to other climates and to the effects of hydrogeomorphic settings and the importance of wetland vegetation communities on carbon sequestration. This study compares six temperate wetland communities in Ohio that belong to two distinct hydrogeomorphic types: an isolated depressional wetland site connected to the groundwater table, and a riverine flow-through wetland site that receives water from an agricultural watershed. Three cores were extracted in each community and analyzed for total carbon content to determine the soil carbon pool. Sequestration rates were determined by radiometric dating with 137Cs and 210Pb on a set of composite cores extracted in each of the six communities. Cores were also extracted in uplands adjacent to the wetlands at each site. Wetland communities had accretion rates ranging from 3.0 to 6.2 mm yr−1. The depressional wetland sites had higher (P < 0.001) organic content (146 ± 4.2 gC kg−1) and lower (P < 0.001) bulk density (0.55 ± 0.01 Mg m−3) than the riverine ones (50.1 ± 6.9 gC kg−1 and 0.74 ± 0.06 Mg m−3). The soil carbon was 98–99% organic in the isolated depressional wetland communities and 85–98% organic in the riverine ones. The depressional wetland communities sequestered 317 ± 93 gC m−2 yr−1, more (P < 0.01) than the riverine communities that sequestered 140 ± 16 gC m−2 yr−1. The highest sequestration rate was found in the Quercus palustris forested wetland community (473 gC m−2 yr−1), while the wetland community dominated by water lotus (Nelumbo lutea) was the most efficient of the riverine communities, sequestering 160 gC m−2 yr−1. These differences in sequestration suggest the importance of addressing wetland types and communities in more detail when assessing the role of wetlands as carbon sequestering systems in global carbon budgets.
Plasma diacylglycerol composition is a biomarker of metabolic syndrome onset in rhesus monkeys

Metabolic syndrome is linked with obesity and is often first identified clinically by elevated BMI and elevated levels of fasting blood glucose that are generally secondary to insulin resistance. Using the highly translatable rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model, we asked if metabolic syndrome risk could be identified earlier. The study involved 16 overweight but healthy, euglycemic monkeys, one-half of which spontaneously developed metabolic syndrome over the course of 2 years while the other half remained healthy. We conducted a series of biometric and plasma measures focusing on adiposity, lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue-derived hormones, which led to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the insulin-resistant animals. Plasma fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography for cholesteryl ester, FFA, diacylglycerol (DAG), phospholipid, and triacylglycerol lipid classes; plasma lipoprotein profiles were generated by NMR; and circulating levels of adipose-derived signaling peptides were determined by ELISA. We identified biomarker models including a DAG model, two lipoprotein models, and a multiterm model that includes the adipose-derived peptide adiponectin. Correlations among circulating lipids and lipoproteins revealed shifts in lipid metabolism during disease development. We propose that lipid profiling may be valuable for early metabolic syndrome detection in a clinical setting.
Reward and Punishment Histories: A Way of Predicting Teaching Style?

The authors used preservice teachers' (N= 172) reports of their childhood experiences involving reward and punishment within their families to identify ideal perceptions of direct or indirect teaching style. The most consistent relationship of childhood experience with reward and punishment and perceived teaching style was between the reward inventory and indirect scores. High reward scores were associated with indirect style. High punishment scores tended to relate to direct style; however, these correlations were not significant. Also, other variables that may relate to punishment, reward, and teaching style were examined; that is, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Relationships among teaching-style categories with several variables were significant. Gender (males) and low reward contributed to perceptions of a direct teaching style. Highly rewarded students, older students, and gender (females) contributed to perceptions of indirect teaching style. Family income, age, and ethnicity were...
Classification of Textures Distorted by WaterWaves

In this paper, we approach the novel problem of classifying images of underwater textures as observed from outside the water. Our main contribution is to combine a geometric distortion removal algorithm with a texture classification method to solve the problem of classifying images of submerged textures when the water is disturbed by waves. We show that by modeling the separate types of distortion, we can extract enough texture information to correctly classify textures using spatial statistical measurements on the texton representations. We evaluate our algorithm on both natural and artificial textures acquired in our laboratory. Results are promising and show the feasibility of our algorithm.
Antimycobacterial action of thiolactomycin: an inhibitor of fatty acid and mycolic acid synthesis.

Thiolactomycin (TLM) possesses in vivo antimycobacterial activity against the saprophytic strainMycobacterium smegmatis mc 2 155 and the virulent strain M. tuberculosis Erdman, resulting in complete inhibition of growth on solid media at 75 and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Use of an in vitro murine macrophage model also demonstrated the killing of viable intracellularM. tuberculosisin a dose-dependent manner. Through the use of in vivo [1,2- 14 C]acetate labeling ofM. smegmatis, TLM was shown to inhibit the synthesis of both fatty acids and mycolic acids. However, synthesis of the shorter-chain a*-mycolates ofM. smegmatiswas not inhibited by TLM, whereas synthesis of the characteristic longer-chain a-mycolates and epoxymycolates was almost completely inhibited at 75 mg/ml. The use of M. smegmatis cell extracts demonstrated that TLM specifically inhibited the mycobacterial acyl carrier protein-dependent type II fatty acid synthase (FAS-II) but not the multifunctional type I fatty acid synthase (FAS-I). In addition, selective inhibition of long-chain mycolate synthesis by TLM was demonstrated in a dose-response manner in purified, cell wall-containing extracts ofM. smegmatiscells.TheinvivoandinvitrodataandknowledgeofthemechanismofTLMresistanceinEscherichia colisuggest that two distinct TLM targets exist in mycobacteria, the b-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases involved in FAS-II and the elongation steps leading to the synthesis of the a-mycolates and oxygenated mycolates. The efficacy of TLM againstM. smegmatisandM. tuberculosisprovides the prospects of identifying fatty acid and mycolic acid biosynthetic genes and revealing a novel range of chemotherapeutic agents directed againstM. tuberculosis.
Taxonomic purgatory: Sorting out the wasp genus Myzinum Latreille in North America (Hymenoptera, Tiphiidae, Myzininae)

The ten North American species of the tiphiid genus Myzinum Latreille are reviewed, redescribed and a key to species provided. The new species cocoritensis is described from southern Arizona, USA and northern Sonora, Mexico. Three genera described by Argaman 1994 (Tokoparta, Fikoplesa and Ekepirka) are synonymized under Myzinum Latreille. Myzinum spilonotum (Cameron 1908) is newly synonymized under maculatum (Fabricius 1793), Myzinum beryli (Brimley 1927) under obscurum (Fabricius 1805), and the two subspecies of Myzinum beryli, parksi Krombein 1938 and patei Krombein 1938, are synonymized under carolinianum (Panzer 1806). Myzinum fulviceps (Cameron 1900) is removed from synonymy under quinquecinctus (Fabricius 1775) and is treated as a valid species.
Radiographic comparison of plain films in second- and third-degree ankle sprains

Abstract A literature search failed to demonstrate any investigations of the plain films of the ankle to determine whether there were any measurable differences in the ankle mortise, which would differentiate between a second and a third degree ankle sprain, thus obviating the need for stress views. In this study, the authors independently measured the distances between the talus and tibia at eight predetermined sites on the lateral and mortise views. This was done blindly so that neither author knew which cases were second- or third-degree ankle sprains. Only definite third-degree ankle sprains, as defined by a positive anterior drawer sing and/or a positive inversion stress test result on clinical evaluation, were included. The authors found there was severe interobserver variability. The authors thus feel that there is no clinially significant measurement on plain films of the ankle that can be used to differentiate accurately between second and third degree ankle sprains, and current reliance on clinical findings and subsequent stress x-ray films is appropriate and must remain the non-operative standard for evaluation of this problem.