cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
exploring the relationship between intrapersonal intelligence and university students' career confusion: implications for counseling, academic success, and school‐to‐career transition

The author describes the relationship between self-knowledge and career confusion among university students and discusses strategies to enhance career and academic planning. The multiple intelligences profiles of typical university students are compared with those of 82 students enrolled in 3 sequential semesters of a course titled Career Exploration at a large midwestern U.S. university. Low intrapersonal intelligence scores were found to be a significant characteristic of undergraduates with moderate and high levels of career confusion. Implications for counseling to promote successful school-to-career transitions are discussed.
Simplified technique for open placement and removal of intraaortic balloon

A rapid simplified technique for removal of a surgically placed intraaortic balloon is described.
Perceptual voice characteristics in pediatric unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the voice characteristics of pediatric unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective series from a children's hospital, 1996 to present.RESULTS: Forty-two patients with a mean age of 7.1 years were diagnosed with UVFP in our voice clinic (prevalence = 5.4%). Paralysis was left sided in 88%, and was most commonly seen after cardiac surgery (28.5%) and prolonged intubation/prematurity (16.7%). Voice analysis showed a moderate degree of breathiness, mild-to-moderate hoarseness and straining, mild muscle tension, and soft loudness. Twenty-six percent of patients required surgical intervention, including injection into the paralyzed fold (7 patients) and medialization thyroplasty (4 patients). Pre-operatively, breathiness was worse (P < .05) in patients undergoing surgical intervention.CONCLUSIONS: Voice characteristics of pediatric UVFP include increased breathiness, hoarseness, straining, muscle tension, and soft loudness. One-fourth of patients underwe...
Pharmacological modulation of inhaled sodium metabisulphite-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pig.

1. We have investigated the effects of chlorpheniramine, atropine and capsaicin pretreatment on inhaled sodium metabisulphite (MBS)-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea-pigs in order to clarify the mechanisms involved in these responses. The effects of frusemide and nedocromil sodium were also examined. 2. Lung resistance (RL) was measured for 6 min after inhalation of MBS (20, 40, 80 and 200 mM; 30 breaths), followed by measurement of extravasation of Evans blue dye into airway tissues, used as an index of airway microvascular leakage. MBS caused an increase in RL and leakage of dye at all airway levels in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Chlorpheniramine (10 mg kg-1, i.v.), atropine (1 mg kg-1, i.v.), their combination or inhaled nedocromil sodium (10 mg ml-1, 7 min) had no effect against the airway microvascular leakage induced by 80 mM MBS (30 breaths). Capsaicin pretreatment (50 mg kg-1, s.c.) caused a significant decrease in the leakage of dye in the main bronchi and inhaled frusemide (10 mg ml-1, 7 min) also in the main bronchi and proximal intrapulmonary airway. 4. Chlorpheniramine, atropine, their combination, capsaicin pretreatment and frusemide, but not nedocromil sodium, inhibited significantly the peak RL induced by 80 mM MBS (30 breaths) by approximately 50%. 5. We conclude that a cholinergic reflex and neuropeptides released from sensory nerve endings may participate in the mechanisms of MBS-induced airway responses. Frusemide but not nedocromil sodium may have an inhibitor effect on these neural mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of nedocromil sodium against lower doses of MBS is not excluded.
Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Microstructure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Formed by Ion Implantation

High-dose ion implantation, followed by annealing, has been shown to provide a versatile technique for creating semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated in the surface region of a substrate material. The authors have successfully formed nanocrystalline precipitates from groups IV (Si, Ge, SiGe), III-V (GaAs, InAs, GaP, InP, GaN), and II-VI (CdS, CdSe, CdS{sub x}Se{sub 1{minus}x}, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe) in fused silica, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Si substrates. Representative examples will be presented in order to illustrate the synthesis, microstructure, and optical properties of the nanostructured composite systems. The optical spectra reveal blue-shifts in good agreement with theoretical estimates of size-dependent quantum-confinement energies of electrons and holes. When formed in crystalline substrates, the nanocrystal lattice structure and orientation can be reproducibly controlled by adjusting the implantation conditions.
Stages of decompensation in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: A new conceptual model

This conceptual article presents a model of severe, chronic combat-related PTSD based on several years of longitudinal clinical observations of Vietnam veterans. The model describes a repeating cycle of decompensation that profoundly disrupts the veteran’s life. There appear to be “stages” of decompensation that can be described clinically and may be distinct physiologically. The stages describe a wide range of functioning, from adaptive to totally dysfunctional. PTSD core symptoms, as well as several other dimensions of clinical functioning, such as affect regulation, defenses, ego states, interactions with the environment, capacity for self-destruction/suicide and capacity for attachment and insight are described for each stage. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Illuminance preferences of nocturnal primates

Laboratory tests reveal a preference for illuminances in a broad range of night light by individuals belonging to four species of nocturnal primates (Aotus trivirgatus, Galago crassicaudatus, Galago senegalensis, andNycticebus coucang). In volitional tests the animals altered the light level very frequently, in one case as often as every 7 sec. In these tests the animals tended to avoid total darkness and extremely dim light as well as moderately bright light. These avoided levels, particularly extremely dim light and darkness, inhibited locomotor activity. The greater bush babies preferred dimmer light for manipulative activities than for locomotion. Nocturnal primates differ from nocturnal rodents in being much more highly motivated to seek variety and frequent stimulus change when in deprivation conditions, and in their avoiding and being markedly inhibited by darkness.
Metrics suite for network attack graph analytics

We describe a suite of metrics for measuring network-wide cyber security risk based on a model of multi-step attack vulnerability (attack graphs). Our metrics are grouped into families, with family-level metrics combined into an overall metric for network vulnerability risk. The Victimization family measures risk in terms of key attributes of risk across all known network vulnerabilities. The Size family is an indication of the relative size of the attack graph. The Containment family measures risk in terms of minimizing vulnerability exposure across protection boundaries. The Topology family measures risk through graph theoretic properties (connectivity, cycles, and depth) of the attack graph. We display these metrics (at the individual, family, and overall levels) in interactive visualizations, showing multiple metrics trends over time.
Barium as a factor in intestinal obstruction

Abstract A case has been reported in which barium administered by mouth during the course of roentgenographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract proved to be a factor in the intestinal obstruction.
Effects of endothelins on hepatic stellate cell synthesis of endothelin-1 during hepatic wound healing.

Endothelin-1 production is increased after liver injury and the subsequent wounding response. Further, endothelin-1 has prominent effects on hepatic stellate cells (key effectors of the hepatic wounding response), including on collagen synthesis, proliferation, and expression of smooth muscle proteins. We tested the hypothesis that endothelins (ETs) may regulate endothelin-1 production during hepatic wounding, and have investigated potential mechanisms underlying this process. Studies were performed on isolated stellate cells from normal and injured livers; in addition, potential autocrine effects of ET were assessed in vivo using an ET receptor antagonist in a model of liver injury. In stellate cells isolated from either normal or injured rat livers, ET receptor stimulation with endothelin-3 or sarafotoxin S6C (preferential ETB agonists) caused a dose-dependent increase in endothelin-1 production. Additionally, administration of a mixed ET antagonist in vivo during injury led to reduced stellate cell production of endothelin-1. The mechanism by which ETs stimulated endothelin-1 in this system appeared to be through upregulation of ET converting enzyme-1 (which converts precursor ET to mature peptide), rather than by modulation of precursor endothelin-1. We conclude that during liver injury and wound healing, stellate cell endothelin-1 production is, at least partially, stimulated by ETs via autocrine mechanisms that occur at the level of ET converting enzyme-1. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A spectroscopic study of the premixed acetylenenitrous oxide flame

Abstract Premixed flat flames of acetylenenitrous oxide were stabilized on a perforated, water cooled burner, 3 in. in diameter. A rich flame (C2H2: 27%, N2O: 73%) was stabilized at 20 mm Hg and a lean flame (C2H2: 9%, N2O: 91%) at 45 mm Hg. Temperature profiles and concentration profiles of free radicals and of stable products of reaction were determined in the reaction and postreaction zones using spectroscopic techniques. NO, CN, NH, C2, CH, and OH were measured by absorption using single rotational lines of their molecular spectra in the visible or uv regions. H2O and CO2 were measured using the integrated emission intensities of their infrared spectra. Results indicated that the combustion of acetylenenitrous oxide flames occurs in two steps: decomposition of nitrous oxide into O2, N2, and NO followed by combustion of acetylene with oxygen. The presence of NO is responsible for the reactions C 2 ( a 3 ∏ u )+ NO → CN ( b 2 ∑)+ CO CH ( X 2 II )+ NO → NH ( A 3 ∏)+ CO . These reactions are extremely fast so that NO acts as a free radical scavenger for C2 and CH in this reaction system. This permits estimating the total amount of C2 produced in the combustion process from the analysis of the C2 and NO profiles. In the rich C2H2NO flame it was found that at least 13% of acetylene is reacting via C2 radicals. In the lean flame C2 was too small to be measured and no estimation of the percent conversion of C2H2 into C2 could be made.
Innateness of the adrenalectomized rat’s acceptance of salt

The latency to eat food in a novel situation was measured in adrenalectomized and normal control rats. Ss were offered either salty or plain food. The results indicate that adrenalectomized rats show a high acceptance of salty food at their first encounter with it.
Prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis is increased in systemic sclerosis and is associated with serum proteins: a cross-sectional, controlled study of carotid ultrasound

Objectives. SSc is associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis (ATS). This study assessed the prevalence of subclinical ATS as measured by carotid US and explored serum proteins to identify potential biomarkers of SSc-ATS. Methods. Forty-six SSc female patients and 46 age- and ethnicity-matched controls underwent carotid US to assess the presence of plaque and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Abstracted data included demographics, ATS risk factors and serum measurements [cholesterol, proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein (piHDL), CRP, lipoproteins]. Serum cytokines/proteins analyses included circulating type I IFN activity by quantifying IFN-inducible genes, soluble junctional adhesion molecule A (sJAM-A) and 100 serum proteins by using a microplate-based multiplex platform. Proteins significant at P < 0.05 on bivariate analyses for the presence of plaque were used to develop a composite measure. Results. Patients with SSc had more plaque (45.6% vs 19.5%, P = 0.01) but similar CIMT compared with controls. Multiplex analysis detected significant associations between serum proteins of inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis with ATS in SSc, including IL-2, IL-6, CRP, keratinocyte growth factor, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, endoglin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 associated with carotid plaque. Myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1, serum amyloid A, thrombomodulin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and Clara cell secretory protein 16 kD correlated with CIMT. The median composite score for the plaque group was 6 and for the no plaque group it was 2 (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. Patients with SSc have a higher prevalence of carotid plaque than matched controls, and patients with SSc-plaque vs patients without plaque have elevated serum proteins implicated in both vasculopathy and fibrosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of these proteins in SSc compared with healthy controls.
ATF4 differentially regulates transcriptional activation of myeloid‐specific genes by C/EBPε and C/EBPα

Dimerization between different basic region leucine zipper (ZIP) transcription factors is regarded as an important mechanism for integrating various extracellular signals to control specific patterns of gene expression in cells. The activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) protein was identified as a principal partner for the myeloid-specific transcriptional factor C/EBPepsilon. Dimerization required the ZIP motif of each protein and redirected DNA binding of C/EBPepsilon and ATF4 from their respective symmetric consensus sites to asymmetric C/EBP and cAMP response element sites. The C/EBPepsilon:ATF4 heterodimer bound to the C/EBP sites in the promoters of the myeloid-specific genes encoding neutrophil elastase (NE) and the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Also, the heterodimer bound a previously uncharacterized site in the promoter of the mim-1 gene at nucleotide -174. Coexpression of ATF4 and C/EBPepsilon in the presence of c-Myb synergistically activated the mim-1 and NE promoters compared with C/EBPepsilon plus c-Myb alone. Synergistic activation was not observed for the G-CSFR promoter and only occurred in the presence of c-myb with the NE or mim-1 promoters. In contrast, ATF4:C/EBPalpha dimers bound to the C/EBP sites in the G-CSFR and NE promoters, but transcriptional activation was inhibited by 30-80% in the presence or absence of c-Myb. We propose that ATF4 may regulate myeloid gene expression differentially by potentiating C/EBPepsilon but inhibiting C/EBPalpha-mediated transcriptional activation.
Light-induced defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium alloys

Abstract A selected survey of the phenomenon of light-induced deep defect creation in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon–germanium is presented. First a general review of the early studies that established the key salient features of light-induced degradation in a-Si,Ge:H is given. This is followed by a discussion of a couple of complicating issues that have more recently come to light; namely, the possibility that charged defects play a more central role in the alloys, and that both Si and Ge metastable dangling bonds may be playing a significant role in the alloys with germanium fractions below 20 at%. Following this, the results of some recent studies are summarized that have been focusing on the details of degradation in the low Ge fraction alloys to gain insight into the fundamentals of degradation of amorphous silicon materials in general. This review concludes with an overall assessment of the level of our understanding of degradation in the a-Si,Ge:H alloys and where some key issues are still remaining to be resolved.
Third-Generation Display Technology: Nominally Transparent Material

Display technology is reshaping the consumer, business, government, and even not-for-profit markets in the midst of the digital convergence, coupled with recent smart phones led by Apple, Inc. First-Generation (1G) display technology was dominated by the Cathode Ray Tubes, followed by Liquid Crystal Display and Plasma in 2G. A radically innovative shift as a disruptive technology is expected to follow in 3G to utilize virtually any transparent material, which wirelessly connects to portable access points. This paper studies the feasibility of the 3G Display Technology (DT) with Technology S-Curves, and presents possible business models and technology strategies which may be generated from it. Additional subsets of business models may be derived for a wide range of industry applications.
Essential Role for Nuclear PTEN in Maintaining Chromosomal Integrity

A broad spectrum of mutations in PTEN, encoding a lipid phosphatase that inactivates the P13-K/AKT pathway, is found associated with primary tumors. Some of these mutations occur outside the phosphatase domain, suggesting that additional activities of PTEN function in tumor suppression. We report a nuclear function for PTEN in controlling chromosomal integrity. Disruption of Pten leads to extensive centromere breakage and chromosomal translocations. PTEN was found localized at centromeres and physically associated with CENP-C, an integral component of the kinetochore. C-terminal PTEN mutants disrupt the association of PTEN with centromeres and cause centromeric instability. Furthermore, Pten null cells exhibit spontaneous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We show that PTEN acts on chromatin and regulates expression of Rad51, which reduces the incidence of spontaneous DSBs. Our results demonstrate that PTEN plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of chromosomal stability through the physical interaction with centromeres and control of DNA repair. We propose that PTEN acts as a guardian of genome integrity.
The lessons of the Challenger investigations

It is pointed out that, both in methodology and in findings, the investigations of the Challenger disaster by a Presidential Commission and by a Congressional committee demonstrate that even in highly technical matters meaning is socially constructed. The author examines the evidence and testimony before the investigating bodies and finds that, before the launch, NASA officials construed information about O-ring charring in socially contingent ways and ultimately pressed engineers to work under similar assumptions in declaring the shuttle flightworthy. Although the two investigations examined much the same evidence, differing methodological assumptions led them to different conclusions and recommendations. It is found that both investigations emphasized procedural concerns while largely neglecting personal judgment and responsibility, even though the evidence suggests a key role for personal and social judgment. It is concluded that the field of professional communication needs to become more alert to the role of social factors in technical matters. >
Optimal Detection Using Cyclostationary EOFs

Abstract Many climatic and geophysical processes are cyclostationary and exhibit appreciable cyclic (monthly, daily, etc.) variation of their statistics in addition to interannual fluctuations. Utilization of this nested variation of statistics will lead to a better chance of detecting a signal in such a varying background noise field, especially when the signal is strongly phase locked with the nested cycle. In this study, a detection technique is constructed in terms of cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions, which take the nested periodicity of noise statistics into account. To investigate the improved performance of the cyclostationary approach the developed algorithm is applied to three specific detection examples: El Nino, greenhouse warming, and sunspot fluctuations. In all the test cases, signal-to-noise ratio is raised between 2% and 43% compared with that of a stationary detection technique. The variation of signal strength when a detection filter is constructed based on a different sect...
Component-based hardware/software co-verification

We present a novel component-based approach to hardware/software co-verification of embedded systems using model checking. Due to their diverse applications and often strict physical constraints, embedded systems are increasingly component-based and include only the necessary components for their missions. In our approach, a component model for embedded systems which unifies the concepts of hardware IPs (i.e., hardware components) and software components is defined. Hardware and software components are verified as they are developed bottom-up. Whole systems are co-verified as they are developed top-down. Interactions of bottom-up and top-down verification are exploited to reduce verification complexity by facilitating compositional reasoning and verification reuse. Case studies on a suite of networked sensors have shown that our approach facilitates major verification reuse and leads to order-of-magnitude reduction on verification complexity.
Molecular Cloning of GA 2-Oxidase3 from Spinach and Its Ectopic Expression in Nicotiana sylvestris

Previous work has shown that 13-hydroxylated gibberellins (GAs) are predominant in the long-day (LD) plant spinach (Spinacia oleracea; GA53, GA44, GA19, GA20, GA1, GA8, and GA29). Also present in spinach are 2β-hydroxylated C20-GAs: GA97, GA98, GA99, and GA110. Levels of the most abundant GA, GA97, decreased when plants were transferred from short photoperiods (SD) to LD. When [14C]GA53 was fed to spinach plants, more GA53 was converted to GA97 in SD than in LD, and more radioactive GA20 was formed in LD than in SD. SoGA2ox3, encoding a GA 2-oxidase, was isolated from spinach. The recombinant protein converted only two C20-GA precursors, GA12 and GA53, to their respective products, GA110 and GA97. GA2ox3 competes with GA20ox1 for their common substrate, GA53. In SD, deactivation to GA97 prevails, whereas in LD conversion to GA20 is favored. Transcript levels of SoGA2ox3 were higher in shoot tips than in blades, petioles, and young leaves. Ectopic expression of SoGA2ox3 in the long-day plant Nicotiana sylvestris showed a range of dwarf phenotypes, such as reduced germination, short hypocotyl and stem, dark-green leaves, and late flowering, but normal flowers and seed production. The levels of GA53 and GA1 were 3- to 5-fold lower in transgenic plants than in wild type, whereas the levels of GA97 and GA110 increased 3- to 6-fold in transgenic plants. It is concluded that genetic manipulation of plant stature by increasing deactivation of precursors of active GA is more advantageous than increased deactivation of bioactive GA1 itself.
The New US Health Care Plan of 1993 and its Terminology

The Clinton Administration is moving toward a fundamental change in the United States health care system. President Bill Clinton made the issue of health care reform one of his top campaign priorities and promised to introduce a reform proposal for consideration in 1993. To that end, he asked his wife, Hillary Clinton, to lead the newly established Health Care Reform Task Force as it develops alternatives and the plan for health reform as promised to be introduced in 1993. While some uncertainty exists regarding how President Clinton will differ from candidate Clinton, current indications are that the health care reform will be somewhere between "incremental reform' which the opposition Republican Party favours, and the 'Single Payor/Canadian Style' approaches under which the federal government would take over most responsibilities now carried out by private health insurance companies. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the health reform plan, and to present the specialised terminology that is growing from the health reform initiatives.
CROSS‐SECTION ESTIMATES OF LIQUID ASSET DEMAND BY MANUFACTURING CORPORATIONS

SOME MONETARY ECONOMISTS have recently turned to cross-section estimates of money demand with the hope of resolving various current empirical controversies. This paper examines the possible usefulness of such estimates for analyzing the determinants of the demand for cash and liquid assets by manufacturing corporations. The specific problems to be investigated are: (1) whether a model of wealth or transactions demand better explains liquid asset holdings; (2) the existence of economies of scale in the demand for cash; (3) the extent and pattern of substitution between money and government security balances; (4) the influence of interest rates and other variables on the financial portfolios of manufacturing corporations. Throughout the analysis, a crucial statistical question should also be kept in mind: are cross-section estimates an adequate description of behavior in the present context, where the relationships are conceded to involve such excluded dynamic factors as expectations and lagged adjustment? Kuh has been most articulate concerning the difficulties of using crosssection regressions in a dynamic situation, as well as in suggesting possible tests for applicability.' His discussion points out that the variance of an array of data is attributable both to differences among individuals and to variability over time. In a world of imperfect knowledge and mis-specification of econometric models, when excluded variables are apt to be different or have radically differing effects in time-series and cross-section contexts, specification bias from excluded variables will be particularly significant. Consequently, Kuh emphasizes the necessity of employing a rectangular data array with observations on the same individuals through time, so that various estimated coefficients from both cross-section and time-series regressions can be compared for interpretation. In particular, the analysis of covariance is a helpful technique to test for heterogeneity over time of slope and intercept coefficients. Moreover, even if the same relationships and adjustment patterns hold for all individuals in a cross-section, these estimated coefficients cannot simply be assumed to represent long-run behavior.2
Deer Impacts on Seed Banks and Saplings in Eastern New York

Selective browsing by Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) has shifted plant communities in the Northeast, but the effects of seed dispersal by deer on forest seed banks are unknown. We used data from deer exclosures in hunted and unhunted properties in southeastern New York to determine whether deer browsing and different deer management histories have altered composition and/or abundance of forest saplings and seed banks. Results indicate that deer did not alter species richness, abundance, or composition in seed banks in either hunted or unhunted areas. Deer did, however, de- crease sapling density and richness at the unhunted site but not at the hunted site. We conclude that impacts of unmanaged deer populations are greater on sapling recruitment than on seed banks.
End-to-end trustworthy data access in data-oriented scientific computing

Data-driven computational science on community computational resources is frequently of a magnitude and scale that it requires that computations be done remotely, generating resulting data collections that are too large to be shipped back to a user's workstation. Service-oriented middleware is well equipped to carry out actions on behalf of a user, but SOA middleware does not address user trust in the privacy of their actions and security of their data. In this paper we develop a model that represents the trust relationship between the users and their remote resources in the grid system. We show how one can construct a trusted relationship from the model, with an emphasis on the importance of context to a specific trust relationship.
Recent developments in uranium exploration using the U.S. geological survey's mobile helium detector

Abstract A mobile mass spectrometer to measure He concentrations has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. This instrument has been tested in areas of known uranium deposits, and He anomalies have been found in both soil gas and water. A gas sample is collected in a hypodermic syringe, injected into the spectrometer, and analyzed for He. Over 100 analyses a day can be performed with a sensitivity of 10 parts per billion (ppb). One detailed study conducted in Weld County, Colorado, shows that values for He in soil gas can be contoured to outline an anomalous area and that the anomaly is displaced from the deposit in the direction of groundwater flow. Other studies include the Schwartzwalder uranium mine, Jefferson County, Colorado, where He anomalies may be related to geologic structure; near Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico, where the location of He anomalies are related to groundwater movement; and tests for diurnal effects showing only slight variations probably related to soil-moisture content.
Scalable FPGA design and performance analysis of PHASH hashing function

This paper presents an FPGA design and performance analysis of a recently proposed parallelizable hash function- PHASH. The main feature of PHASH is that it is able to process multiple data blocks at once making it suitable for achieving ultra high-performance. It utilizes the W cipher, as described in the Whirlpool hashing function at its core. A Virtex-4 FX60 FPGA was used in order to verify functionality of the implementation of the algorithm in hardware. To achieve high performance, state-of-the-art Virtex-5 LX330 FPGA was used as target platform. PHASH achieved a throughput over 15 Gbps using a single W cipher instance and 182 Gbps for 16 instances. For fair comparison of the performance of PHASH with widely accepted SHA-512 and Whirlpool hashing functions we have also developed their high performance implementations targeting the same FPGA platforms. SHA-512 implementation attained a throughput of 1828 Mbps, and Whirlpool attains 7687 Mbps.
An optimal synthesis with "ordered simultaneous impulses"

Gives the optimal synthesis for a two-dimensional singular control problem of the Vidale-Wolfe type. The controls take values in an unbounded set. moreover, the optimal feedback control turns out to be impulsive on certain regions, and the order in which these impulses occur is important. A parameterization of time is introduced into the problem. This helps to elucidate the optimal synthesis, to prove its optimality by the verification method, and to design suboptimal physical approximations to the optimal impulsive control. >
Current State of Acute Stroke Imaging

Acute ischemic stroke is common and often treatable. Imaging by computed tomography (CT) and MRI is valuable for stroke treatment, in addition, for diagnosis, and for identification of the pathogenesis. But how they are used also depends on practical considerations. The approach to imaging the patient with acute stroke used at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) is described. It is a distillation of our experience and a critical review of the literature and was developed through collaborations among the Acute Stroke Service, the Neuroradiology Division, and the Neurointerventional Program at the MGH. The focus is on rapid diagnosis, the guidance of treatment using intravenously administered tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and intra-arterial treatments (IATs). Stroke is highly heterogeneous, but it is useful to categorize patients into hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and the latter into those with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms (Table 1). The data in Table 1 are from the Screening Technology and Outcomes Project in Stroke (STOPStroke) study, a prospective, multiyear, observational study of patients with consecutive ischemic stroke at MGH and University of California, San Francisco.1 Most patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke have mild symptoms (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS], 85%, if a major artery is occluded, and therapy is not instituted rapidly. View this table: Table 1. Clinical Status, Treatment, and Imaging Most patients with a severe stroke syndrome (NIHSS, >10) have a major anterior circulation occlusion, most commonly of a middle …
Twenty‐five years of research on gender and ethnic differences in math and science career choices: What have we learned?

This chapter provides a brief retrospective on the general topic and the empirical work presented in this volume, as well as a discussion of the practical implications of these findings for high schools, institutions of higher education, and the current workforce.
Cerebrospinal fluid-suppressed high-resolution diffusion imaging of human brain

A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-suppressed flow-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) double-shot diffusion echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence was developed and used, along with a non-CSF-suppressed version of the sequence, to determine the extent of the contribution of CSF partial-volume averaging to the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of normal human brain in vivo. Regional analysis indicates that cortical gray matter and parenchymal tissues bordering the ventricles are most affected by CSF contamination, leading to elevated ADC values. Only slight differences in gray- and white-matter average ADCs were detected after CSF suppression. The human brain average ADCs calculated from high-resolution CSF-suppressed diffusion-weighted images in these studies are similar to those reported in animals. FLAIR diffusion sequences remove CSF as a source of error in ADC determination and ischemic lesion discrimination in diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and ADC maps.
Language, Cognitive Development, and Personality: A Synthesis

Abstract Prerequisites for language development include genetic factors, an intact central nervous system, adequate psychological care, specific linguistic stimulation, and cognitive-developmental structures. Deficits in any of these areas may lead to impairment in language development, which sometimes are etiologically specific. A dismaturation between non-linguistic representation and symbolic language development may also occur. “Affective conservation” in particular may be delayed, leading to anxiety. Misunderstanding may result from a failure to recognize the differential rates of development of specific cognitive functions, including affective conservation and language. Certain peculiarities in language usage and specific speech patterns reflect neurotic conflicts. Maturation of language development, associated with maturation of cognitive development, enables the child to deal with anxiety more effectively than previously when the child's ability to comprehend and conceptualize experiences was still limited. Attention to cognitive functions, particularly symbolic language development, may enhance treatment.
Photopolarimeter based on planar grating diffraction

A division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP) is described that employs a diffraction grating in the conventional spectrometer orientation with the grating grooves normal to the plane of incidence. Four coplanar diffracted orders are used for polarimetric analysis to determine all four Stokes parameters of incident light simultaneously and virtually instantaneously (with the speed being determined solely by the photodetectors and their associated electronics); a fifth order is used for alignment by autocollimation or by use of a position-sensing quadrant detector. To sensitize the instrument for the +45° and −45° azimuths of incident linearly polarized light and for the handedness of incident circular polarization (i.e., for the third and fourth Stokes parameters), we insert two linear polarizers in two diffracted orders with their transmission axes inclined at appropriate angles with respect to the plane of incidence. The calibration and testing of an instrument of this type that uses an Al-coated 600-groove/mm holographic grating at 632.8-nm wavelength are reported as an example.
The effects of correlation among observations on the consistency property of sample variance

It is well known that even when the sample observations are correlated and not normal the sample variance, S2 converges in probability to E(S2). But the required sample size for S2 to be a consistent estimator of E(S2) is an open question. Some light is shed on this question in this paper. In particular the relation between the rate of convergence and the correlation property of the observations is explored. It is shown that the retardation to the rate of convergence is not appreciable if the correlation is moderate but it can be severe for extreme correlations.
Multiliteracies in the Classroom: Emerging Conceptions of First-Year Teachers.

With conceptions of literacy growing beyond the traditional print medium, new understandings of multiliteracy practices and pedagogies are needed to better inform the preparation of secondary English teachers. This article presents the findings of a study examining five first year teachers’ understandings of and experiences with multiliteracies. Using a narrative inquiry approach, each teacher’s experiences are presented in depth including successes and struggles with integrating multiliteracies into the classroom. The article then concludes with how the teachers’ understandings and experiences can better inform English teacher education.
Electrostatic Forces in Electrorheological Fluids

Electrorheological (ER) fluids generally consist of highly polarizable or conductive particles in insulating fluids. Application of electric fields of order 1 kV/mm significantly alters the rheology of these fluids, thus making possible a wide range of electro-mechanical devices, such as automotive shock absorbers. One of the critical issues in the performance of ER fluid devices is the strength of the fluid. In this paper, we summarize our current understanding of the electrostatic forces in ER fluids and how they affect fluid properties. This understanding is based on detailed theoretical analysis of the electric fields between particles, including finite element analysis (FEA), in addition to measurements of shear modulus and yield strength of model systems. The effects of dielectric constant mismatch, conductivity mismatch, insulating layers on metallic particles, and fluid breakdown are considered.
Dietary protein intake and human health

A protein consists of amino acids (AA) linked by peptide bonds. Dietary protein is hydrolyzed by proteases and peptidases to generate AA, dipeptides, and tripeptides in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These digestion products are utilized by bacteria in the small intestine or absorbed into enterocytes. AA that are not degraded by the small intestine enter the portal vein for protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other tissues. AA are also used for cell-specific production of low-molecular-weight metabolites with enormous physiological importance. Thus, protein undernutrition results in stunting, anemia, physical weakness, edema, vascular dysfunction, and impaired immunity. Based on short-term nitrogen balance studies, the Recommended Dietary Allowance of protein for a healthy adult with minimal physical activity is currently 0.8 g protein per kg body weight (BW) per day. To meet the functional needs such as promoting skeletal-muscle protein accretion and physical strength, dietary intake of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 g protein per kg BW per day is recommended for individuals with minimal, moderate, and intense physical activity, respectively. Long-term consumption of protein at 2 g per kg BW per day is safe for healthy adults, and the tolerable upper limit is 3.5 g per kg BW per day for well-adapted subjects. Chronic high protein intake (>2 g per kg BW per day for adults) may result in digestive, renal, and vascular abnormalities and should be avoided. The quantity and quality of protein are the determinants of its nutritional values. Therefore, adequate consumption of high-quality proteins from animal products (e.g., lean meat and milk) is essential for optimal growth, development, and health of humans.
Systematic Review of Tobacco Use After Lung or Head/Neck Cancer Diagnosis: Results and Recommendations for Future Research

Tobacco use after cancer diagnosis is associated with adverse cancer outcomes, yet reliable prevalence estimates for this behavior are lacking. We conducted a systematic literature review of the prevalence of current tobacco use among individuals with a history of lung or head/neck cancer (CRD #42012002625). An extensive search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) identified 7,777 potentially relevant articles published between 1980 and 2014 and 131 of these yielded pertinent information. Aggregating results across heterogeneous study designs and diverse patient samples, the overall mean prevalence rate of current tobacco use (mostly cigarette smoking) was 33.0% (median, 31.0%). Among current tobacco users at cancer diagnosis, the mean prevalence rate of current tobacco use (mostly cigarette smoking) was 53.8% (median, 50.3%). In many cases, an operational definition of "current" tobacco use was absent, and biochemical verification of self-reported smoking status was infrequent. These and other observed methodologic limitations in the assessment and reporting of cancer patients' tobacco use underscore the necessity of uniform tobacco use assessment in future clinical research and cancer care.
Metrical oxidation states of 2-amidophenoxide and catecholate ligands: structural signatures of metal-ligand π bonding in potentially noninnocent ligands.

Catecholates and 2-amidophenoxides are prototypical “noninnocent” ligands which can form metal complexes where the ligands are best described as being in the monoanionic (imino)semiquinone or neutral (imino)quinone oxidation state instead of their closed-shell dianionic form. Through a comprehensive analysis of structural data available for compounds with these ligands in unambiguous oxidation states (109 amidophenolates, 259 catecholates), the well-known structural changes in the ligands with oxidation state can be quantified. Using these correlations, an empirical “metrical oxidation state” (MOS) which gives a continuous measure of the apparent oxidation state of the ligand can be determined based on least-squares fitting of its C–C, C–O, and C–N bond lengths to this single parameter (a simple procedure for doing so is provided via a spreadsheet in the Supporting Information). High-valent d0 metal complexes, particularly those of vanadium(V) and molybdenum(VI), have ligands with unexpectedly positive, a...
Poultry Science Recruiting Program in High Schools

Abstract THE current lack of interest in poultry and poultry science by the upcoming generation was manifested by the low student load in our Poultry Science Departments is a matter of concern to all who are aware of the situation. May and Driggers (1964) pointed out that the poultry industry was going elsewhere for its management personnel because not enough were available through Poultry Science Departments. A continuation of this trend, they pointed out, could have disastrous results on Poultry Science Departments or sections. The effect of this lack of professional poultry management potential on the poultry industry in the coming years cannot be accurately foreseen. Many have given thought to this problem. Callenbach (1956) called attention to the decreasing enrollment in Poultry Science Departments throughout the North American continent for the period of 1950–1956. In a later paper Callenbach (1959) presented a more detailed picture of poultry science graduates …
Pearls & Oy-sters: The importance of atypical features and tracking progression in patients misdiagnosed with ALS

The clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is based on the presence of upper and lower motor neuron abnormalities spreading between body segments, along with the exclusion of rare disease mimics. No definitive diagnostic testing exists. Accurate, timely diagnosis of ALS is essential in order to provide appropriate patient counseling. While the revised El Escorial criteria provide standards for research purposes,1 trainees should be aware that many patients never meet criteria for definite ALS. ALS is a clinically heterogeneous disorder and presentations vary in regards to the distribution of weakness, rate of progression, and survival.2,3 Approximately 10% of patients with ALS will live more than 10 years.4 Patients carrying certain mutations in TARDBP and MART3 may have a longer survival.5,6 Despite this heterogeneity, a small number of patients carry an inaccurate diagnosis.
Some clinical observations on acne vulgaris.

The clinical similarties between the cutaneous manifestations, specially, the heper-kerototic follicular papules of hypoyitaminosis and those of Darier's disease and pity riasis, rubra pilaris, provide the rationale for the first testing Vitamin-A, as a therapy for skin diseases.Table I shows the trials taken on 125 patients, which attended our clinic, suffering from Acene, Plaques of Psoriasis Vulgaris, Psoriati arthritis and Keratinisation. These trials are taken at three different medical centres and results so obtained are recorded in this paper.
The differential effects of functional vis-à-vis relational customer orientation on salesperson creativity

Abstract Drawing on creativity theory, this study investigates how customer orientation (CO) affects salesperson creativity and subsequent sales performance. The research distinguishes two types of CO, functional and relational CO, and examines how their effects on creativity may depend on contextual factors such as transformational leadership and team-based task environment. Data from a cross-sectional sample of business-to-business salespeople lend support for the theoretical framework. First, relational CO and functional CO have a positive interactive effect on creativity. Second, relational CO positively affects creativity only when the sales manager exhibits a higher level of transformational leadership, whereas functional CO is more impactful when the sales unit has a higher level of outcome interdependence. Third, salesperson creativity has a stronger positive effect on sales performance when the salesperson engages in customer-directed extra role behavior. Finally, results indicate that the effect of functional CO on sales performance is fully mediated by salesperson creativity.
The Association of Creatine Phosphokinase with the Mitotic Spindle

The M-isozyme of creatine Phosphokinase (M-CPK) has been proposed as a phosphorylation intermediate in the respiratory control of striated muscle (Bessman et al., 1980). This isozyme has been shown previously to be a constituent of the M line of avian cardiac (Wallimann et al., 1978a) and skeletal muscle (Wallimann et al., 1978a,b). Additionally, M-CPK has been demonstrated in the region of the A-band (Sharov et al., 1977) and associated with myosin (Turner et al., 1973), as well as being found in abundance within mitochondria (Jacobus and Lehninger, 1973; Sharov et al., 1977). In striated muscle, a close functional relationship has been suggested between myofibrillar CPK and ATPase in that ATP generated from creatine phosphate apparently has a preferred access to the myofibrillar ATPase system (Bessman et al., 1980). M-CPK has been found in association with cytoskeletal elements in both muscle (Fuseler and Shay, 1980) and nonmuscle cells (Eckert et al., 1980), and is predominantly associated with intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm of muscle (Fuseler et al., 1981) and nonmuscle (Eckert et al., 1980) cells grown in culture. Additionally, this isozyme can associate with actin stress fibers in mammalian cardiac cells in primary culture, but does not associate with cytoplasmic microtubules in various cell types (Fuseler and Shay, 1980; Fuseler et al., 1981). These observations have given rise to the hypothesis that cytoskeletal elements may function to support a CPK-catalyzed energy-generating system. By such a scheme, the distribution and organization of the elements of the cytoskeleton or an organelle could influence local levels of available ATP and hence energy in the cytoplasm.