cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ankle complex musculature adaptations after Energy Drinks consumption in healthy young adult

Over the past few years, energy drink consumption has increased among students aged 18–34 years. Energy drinks alter the balance, reduce blood flow and interfere with neuromuscular activation in the lower extremities. We attempted to determine which specific additive of three different drinks (red bull, rockstar, and bang) could contribute to changes in muscle activation of the ankle complex. Twenty healthy young adults aged 22–28 years were included in this study and allocated among 3 groups, red bull, rockstar, and bang. Neuromuscular data were obtained from EMG sensors positioned on the anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius before completing the four balance tasks. Each participant completed all the tasks before and after the 16-ounce Edrink. ANOVA was performed to compare the data before and after the beverage. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. A trend was observed in red bull and bang groups revealing a faster anterior tibial activity and prolong activation for gastrocnemius. The rockstar group also showed a more rapid activation trend and shorter response during all tasks for the gastrocnemius. It appears that the additives found in Redbull and Bang produce an increased posterior sway, indicated by the faster activity observed on the anterior tibial muscle. On the other hand, the elements encountered in rockstars provoke anterior movements, creating the need for a quicker response from the gastrocnemius muscle. Further research is required to explore certain energy drink ingredients' effects on dynamic activities such as walking.
Multi-species measurements during shock heated hydrocarbon pyrolysis with a broadband mid-IR OPO

Simultaneous time-histories during the pyrolysis of propane were achieved behind a reflected shockwave using a mid-infrared frequency comb. Data was collected at temperatures ranging from 1105 – 1304 K and pressures of about 4 – 5 atm.
Racial disparities in bariatric surgery postoperative weight loss and patient satisfaction.

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence has demonstrated racial disparities in bariatric surgery (BS) outcomes. We aimed to investigate the impact of race on postoperative percent excess weight loss (%EWL) and patient satisfaction. Methods Single center retrospective study of patients who underwent BS January 2012 to November 2017. Statistical analysis utilized Chi-squared, ANOVA and multivariable regression. Results A total of 378 patients were included. African American patients lost significantly less weight compared to Caucasian and Hispanic patients (39.0 %EWL, 53.4 %EWL and 52.3 %EWL, respectively). A significant difference remained after adjustment for possible confounders. No difference in postoperative satisfaction was found. Conclusions Our study adds to the existing literature demonstrating racial disparities in BS postoperative EWL, despite adjusting for possible confounders, while contributing to the limited literature examining Hispanic patients. Furthermore, we examined an understudied outcome in postoperative patient satisfaction and found no racial disparity despite disparity in EWL.
New Imperialisms, New Imperatives: Taking Stock of Postcolonial Studies

The new imperialism heralded by the U.S.-led "war on terrorism" poses a challenge that postcolonial studies can best respond to by re-examining its own institutional and ideological heritage. The article traces the development of postcolonial studies, pointing in particular to the manner in which postcolonial studies has rejected Marxism as a theoretical framework; nationalism as a potentially liberatory project; and "imperialism" as a necessary concept in analysing the capitalist world system. This "triple elision," it is argued, results in a mystification of the forms of power and domination characteristic of capitalism today. The article concludes with a critique of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's Empire, suggesting that a more accurate appreciation of the current world system requires a more rigorously applied Marxist analytic.
Introduction to Proteomics

Proteome is defined as the total set of proteins expressed in a given cell or biological sample at a given time. The study of proteome is termed “proteomics”. Proteomics research includes the separation, identification, qualitative, quantitative, and functional characterization of the entire protein profile of a given cell, tissue, and/or organism. In this chapter, we describe the processes of commonly used proteomics techniques like gel-based separation and mass-spectrometry.
Roles of the membrane-interactive regions of factor VIIa and tissue factor: The factor VIIa Gla domain is dispensable for binding to tissue factor but important for activation of factor X

The roles of the putative membrane-interactive regions of factor VIIa (fVIIa) and tissue factor (TF) have been examined. Enzymatic removal of the 4-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain of fVIIa had no effect on hydrolysis of a tripeptidyl chromogenic substrate in the absence or presence of TF. Additionally, Gla-domainless fVIIa (GdVIIa) was similar to native fVIIa in activating factor X in the absence of TF and phospholipid. However, GdVIIa in complex with recombinant soluble TF (sTF) was 76-fold less efficient in factor X activation than was fVIIa.sTF. The difference increased to 740-fold using TF relipidated in vesicles composed of 80% phosphatidylcholine and 20% phosphatidylserine (TF/PCPS). While Gla domain deletion produced a 10(3)-fold increase in the Kd for binding to TF/PCPS, the Kd for binding to TF/PC increased only 20-fold, and that for sTF in the absence of phospholipid increased 10-fold. Kd values for GdVIIa binding to TF/PCPS, TF/PC, or sTF were nearly identical. Thus, most of the binding energy required for formation of the fVIIa.TF complex was present even after Gla domain deletion. Both fVIIa and GdVIIa were capable of binding sTF in the presence of excess divalent metal-ion chelator, suggesting Ca(2+)-independent binding or the presence of a novel very high affinity Ca2+ binding site in fVIIa. The results demonstrate that the effect of the Gla domain on the Kd is apparent only in the presence of PS, and that interactions involving the fVIIa Gla domain and phospholipid are critical for efficient proteolysis of factor X on a membrane surface.
A unicity theorem on the realizations of semi-simple Lie algebras with quantum canonical variables

For all classical semi-simple Lie algebras a unicity theorem is given for canonical realizations with degree of freedom equal to the rank.
Measurement of peptide dissociation from MHC class II molecules.

This unit describes a method of measuring the kinetic stability of complexes formed between purified MHC class II molecules and antigenic N-terminal fluorescein-labeled peptides. An HPLC-SEC allows for the separation of fluoresceinated MHC class II:peptide complexes from excess free dissociating peptides, while the fluorescence detector allows for the quantification of the remaining complexes throughout the dissociation time-course. Keywords: Peptide; MHC class II molecules; epitope; immunodominance; vaccine design; dissociation assay
Is there an Incentive for Active Retail Mutual Funds to Closet Index in Down Markets? Fund Performance and Subsequent Annual Fund Flows between 1997 and 2011

Closet indexing is the practice of staying close to the benchmark index while still maintaining to be an active mutual fund manager and probably also charging fees similar to those of truly active managers. Recent work shows active mutual fund managers were much more likely to closet index during down markets. Indeed, closet indexing became so popular that it accounted for about a third of all mutual fund assets during time surrounding 2008. In this paper we set out to answer the question of whether there actually is an incentive for mutual fund managers to closet index during down markets. To do this we examine the relationship between annual fund performance and subsequent annual fund flows in both up and down markets. Using this approach we find that the relationship between fund performance and subsequent net fund flows is significantly different in up markets years as compared to down market years. Specifically, we find that fund performance does not drive subsequent flows nearly as much in down markets as it does in up markets. Indeed, in up markets, we find a strong positive relationship between fund performance and subsequent flows. Conversely, in down years, the amount of outperformance or underperformance does not significantly influence the next year’s fund flows. Hence, based on these results, there is an incentive for active managers to closet index in down markets as investors do not reward outperformance with higher flows.
Microwave Propagation and Scattering for Remote Sensing

The sections in this article are 1 Basic Terms in Scattering and Transmission 2 Radiative Transfer Formulation 3 Scattering from Soil Surfaces 4 Scattering from a Vegetated Area 5 Scattering from Snow-Covered Ground
Bithermic complement activation in cryoglobulinaemic serum.

. Cryoglobulin precipitates of the mixed type, containing 19 S IgM and 7 S IgG gamma globulin, were isolated from a patient serum and the interaction with serum C was studied. Loss of C activity in human serum incubated with cryoprecipitate was accompanied by the generation of C3 activity in the cryoglobulin aggregates. Complete dissociation of cryoprecipitation and the interaction of the precipitates with C was achieved at temperatures below 22°C and above 32°C respectively. The normal C titre in fresh serum of a cryoglobulinaemic patient was significantly reduced in vitro by first cooling and then rewarming the serum. The possible pathogenic role of the bithermic C activation in cryoglobulinaemic vascular lesions is discussed.
Psychotic episode secondary to metronidazole use

Abstract Objective Psychosis is a recognized but often forgotten side effect of many commonly prescribed medications. Method A case of psychosis in a 27-year-old female related to metronidazole treatment is presented along with review of possible mechanisms. Results The onset and resolution of psychosis appeared to coincide with metronidazole treatment. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of medication-related psychosis.
Vasectomy reversal performed 15 years or more after vasectomy: correlation of pregnancy outcome with partner age and with pregnancy results of in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Abstract Objective: To document a contemporary series of vasectomy reversals performed in men 15 years or more after vasectomy and to correlate the results with spousal age and results of ICSI for obstructive azoospermia. Setting: University referral center for male infertility. Design: Retrospective analysis of a single surgeon's experience compared with reported ICSI results. Participant(s): One hundred seventy-three men who had vasectomy reversal 15 years or more after vasectomy. Intervention(s): Reversal of vasectomy by vasovasostomy or epididymovasostomy. Main Outcome Measure(s): Correlation of pregnancy results after vasectomy reversal with spousal age and published ICSI results. Result(s): Pregnancy rates for the intervals of 15–19 years, 20–25 years, and >25 years after vasectomy were 49%, 39%, and 25%, respectively. For spousal age 40 years, pregnancy rates were 64%, 49%, 32%, and 28%, respectively. The overall pregnancy rate was 43%, which is similar to the pregnancy rate of 40% for ICSI in obstructive azoospermia. Sixty-two percent of the men required a unilateral or bilateral epididymovasostomy. Conclusion(s): Spousal age is an important predictive factor after vasectomy reversal among men who have reversal 15 years or more after vasectomy. Pregnancy rates after vasectomy reversal compare favorably with those obtained with ICSI.
REINVENTING MAIMONIDES: FROM UNIVERSALIST PHILOSOPHER TO RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALIST (1967-2002)

Abstract This study focuses primarily on two strands of Jewish fundamentalism in Israel: the Zionist nationalist ‘messianic’ camp and the ultra-orthodox rabbis and non-Zionist religious parties. It explores the doctrinal differences between these two concerning the ‘messianic doctrine’, their attitudes towards Palestinian Christians, and their impact on Israeli foreign and domestic policies. The two currents invoke the interpretation of the Jewish Law of Moses Maimonides to justify their respective attitudes towards the Palestinians. The essay explores the ‘reinvention‘ of Maimonides by Jewish religious fundamentalists, who metamorphose him from being a rationalist and universalist philosopher—the most illustrious example of the Golden Age of Arabo–Islamic–Judaic symbiosis—into an anti-Arab religious zealot.
The use of mass spectrometry in the study of chemically-reactive drug metabolises. Application of MS/MS and LC/MS to the analysis of glutathione- and related S-linked conjugates of N-methylformamide

Abstract The S -( N -methylcarbamoyl) derivatives of glutathione, cysteine and N -acetylcysteine, the S -linked conjugates derived from a reactive metabolite of N -methylformamide (NMF), were studied in mice dosed with an equimolar mixture of NMF and deuterium-labelled NMF. Following preparation of N -benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives in aqueous media, the title conjugates were isolated, purified as their methyl esters and subjected to analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS), fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB/MS/MS) or thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (TSP LC/MS). Characteristic isotope clusters in the FAB or TSP mass spectra facilitated recognition of drug metabolites, while constant neutral loss (89 u ) and daughter ion scanning tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments provided unique structural information on the conjugates of interest. It is concluded that the combined use of stable isotopes, aqueousphase derivatization and contemporary mass spectrometric techniques represents a powerful approach for the analysis of glutathione adducts and related S -linked conjugates of chemically-reactive drug metabolites.
Deferoxamine reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced white matter damage in aged rats

Iron contributes to c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) activation in young rats and white matter injury in piglets after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we examined the effect of deferoxamine on ICH-induced white matter injury and JNK activation and in aged rats. Male Fischer 344 rats (18months old) had either an intracaudate injection of 100μl of autologous blood or a needle insertion (sham). The rats were treated with deferoxamine or vehicle with different regimen (dosage, duration and time window). White matter injury and activation of JNK were examined. We found that a dose of DFX should be at more than 10mg/kg for a therapeutic duration more than 2days with a therapeutic time window of 12h to reduce ICH-induced white matter loss at 2months. ICH-induced white matter injury was associated with JNK activation. The protein levels of phosphorylated-JNK (P-JNK) were upregulated at day-1 after ICH and then gradually decreased. P-JNK immunoreactivity was mostly located in white matter bundles. ICH-induced JNK activation was reduced by DFX treatment. This study demonstrated that DFX can reduce ICH-induced JNK activation and white matter damage.
Jurassic Cordilleran dike swarm-shear zones: Implications for the Nevadan orogeny and North American plate motion

A cogenetic and coeval tonalitic and mafic dike swarm has been identified within a southern fragment (the Owens Mountain area) of the western Foothills terrane (California). The dikes were mylonitized and transposed (rotated into subparallel orientation) during emplacement, from 155 to 148 Ma (U-Pb zircon data), which coincides in time with the Nevadan orogeny. Steeply southeast-plunging fold axes and S-fold geometries indicate a sinistral-sense of shear, possibly with some dip-slip motion as well. This shear zone may be the southern and possibly deeper extension of the Bear Mountains fault zone. This and other Late Jurassic Cordilleran dike swarms record a complex pattern of sinistral-sense transtension-transpression that developed at the apparent-polar-wander J2 cusp (∼150 Ma) and during subsequent, rapid, northwestward acceleration of North America. The Late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny is a manifestation of these dramatic changes in magnitude and direction of North American motion.
Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits apoptosis of spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells by regulating intracellular free calcium levels through a protein kinase Cdelta-dependent pathway.

Previous studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) inhibits primary granulosa cells from undergoing apoptosis. The present studies were designed to determine whether spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs) undergo apoptosis when deprived of growth factors and whether bFGF prevents apoptosis. In the absence of serum, the SIGCs lost cell contact and underwent apoptosis as indicated by the presence of annexin V binding, DNA ladders, and nuclear fragmentation. Basic FGF maintained cell contact and reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells. This antiapoptotic action was not observed if bFGF was added 30 min after serum withdrawal. Further, intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels gradually increased 3- to 4-fold within 10 min of serum withdrawal. This increase was inhibited by bFGF. The intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA, completely prevented the SIGCs from undergoing apoptosis in the absence of serum. These observations suggest that bFGF’s ability to regulate [Ca2+]i is an...
The sintering of nickel/aluminium spheres to nickel plates

Spheres of nickel, and of nickel containing 0.5,1.0, 2.0, and 10.0 wt % aluminium, all of approximately 100μm diameter, were sintered under vacuum to nickel plates for various times within the temperature range 1000 to 1300° C. Neck growth was determined as a function of time. Values for the exponent of time in the neck growth equation,x/a = Atn of 0.19, 0.18, 0.15, and 0.16 were found for the above compositions, respectively. An activation energy of 33 kcal/mole was found for sintering nickel spheres to nickel plates. An activation energy of 69 kcal/mole was found for sintering Ni/1.0% Al spheres to nickel plates.
Infection of T Cell Subsets by HIV-1 and the Effects of Interleukin-12

CD4+ lymphocytes constitute one of the major cell targets for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The eventual loss of CD4+ lymphocytes contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CD4+ lymphocytes consist of the subgroups Th1, Th2, and Th0, which differ in their cytokine profile. Th1 cells produce cytokines that favor cell-mediated immune responses, whereas Th2 cells produce cytokines that favor humoral immunity. Th0 cells are precursors to the Th1 and Th2 subsets. A shift from a Th1 to a Th2 response has been reported for HIV-1-infected patients (Kannagi et al. 1990. J. Virol. 64, 3399-3406; Walker et al. 1986. Science 234, 1563-1566; Walker et al. 1991. J. Virol. 65, 5921-5927). For this reason, the potential role of cytokines in the development of AIDS has received a great deal of attention. Interleukin (IL)-12 is a disulfide-linked, 70-kDa heterodimeric cytokine produced by antigen-presenting cells. IL-12 has a central role in the development of the Th1-type immune responses. Therefore, we investigated the ability of T-tropic HIV-1 IIIB to replicate in Th1, Th2, and Th0 T cell clones and studied the effects of IL-12 on HIV-1 replication in these cells types. These studies demonstrate several points. (1) Th1, Th2, and Th0 T cell clones support HIV-1 IIIB replication nearly equally well, and it is, therefore, unlikely that differences in ability to support HIV-1 replication can explain changes in Th1, Th2, or Th0 subtype 1 following HIV-1 infection. (2) Using this model, we show that IL-12 can inhibit HIV-1 replication, consistent with a role for IL-12 in HIV-1 replication in T cells. (3) HIV-1 can form a persistent infection in T cell clones, providing a reservoir model for study of viral sanctuary and persistence in a system closely approximating the in vivo situation.
Large Scale ab Initio Quantum Chemical Calculation of the Intermediates in the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Catalytic Cycle

Ab initio DFT quantum chemical methods are applied to study intermediates in the catalytic cycle of soluble methane monooxygenase hydroxylase (MMOH), a dinuclear iron-containing enzyme that converts methane and dioxygen selectively to methanol and water. The quantum chemical models reproduce reliably the X-ray crystallographic coordinates of the active site for the oxidized diiron(III) and reduced diiron(II) states to a high degree of structural precision. The results inspired a reexamination of the X-ray structure of reduced MMOH and revealed previously unassigned electron density now attributed to a key structural water molecule. The quantum chemical calculations required construction of a model containing about 100 atoms, which preserved key hydrogen bonding patterns necessary for structural integrity. Smaller models were unstable for the reduced form of the enzyme, an observation with significant mechanistic implications. The large model was then used to investigate the catalytic intermediates Hperoxo...
Detonation discrimination techniques using a near-infrared focal plane array camera

This research investigates the classification of battlespace detonations, specifically the determination of munitions type and size using image features from an infrared wavelength camera. Experimental data are collected for the detonation of several types of conventional munitions with different high explosive materials and different weights. Key features are identified for discriminating various types and sizes of detonation flashes. These features include statistical parameters derived from the time dependence of fireball size. Using Fisher linear discriminant techniques, these features are projected onto a line such that the projected points are maximally clustered for different classes of detonations. Bayesian decision boundaries for classification are then determined.
Phase-Averaged PIV for the Nominal Wake of a Surface Ship in Regular Head Waves

Phase-averaged organized oscillation velocities (U,V,W) and random fluctuation Reynolds stresses (uu,uu,ww,uv ,uw) are presented for the nominal wake of a surface ship advancing in regular head (incident) waves, but restrained from body motions, i.e., the forward-speed diffraction problem. A 3.048 X 3.048 X 100 m towing tank, plunger wave maker, and towed, 2D particle-image velocimetry (PIV) and servo mechanism wave-probe measurement systems are used. The geometry is DTMB model 5415 (L= 3.048 m, 1/46.6 scale), which is an international benchmark for ship hydrodynamics. The conditions are Froude number Fr=0.28, wave steepness Ak=0.025, wavelength λ/L=1.5, wave frequency f=0.584 Hz, and encounter frequency f e =0.922 Hz. Innovative data acquisition, reduction, and uncertainty analysis procedures are developed for the phase-averaged PIV. The unsteady nominal wake is explained by interactions between the hull boundary layer and axial vortices and incident wave. There are three primary wave-induced effects: pressure gradients 4%Uc, orbital velocity transport 15%U c , and unsteady sonar dome lifting wake. In the outer region, the uniform flow, incident wave velocities are recovered within the experimental uncertainties. In the inner, viscous-flow region, the boundary layer undergoes significant time-varying upward contraction and downward expansion in phase with the incident wave crests and troughs, respectively. The zeroth harmonic exceeds the steady-flow amplitudes by 5-20% and 70% for the velocities and Reynolds stresses, respectively. The first-harmonic amplitudes are large and in phase with the incident wave in the bulge region (axial velocity), damped by the hull and boundary layer and mostly in phase with the incident wave (vertical velocity), and small except near the free surface-hull shoulder (transverse velocity). Reynolds stress amplitudes are an order-of-magnitude smaller than for the velocity components showing large values in the thin boundary layer and bulge regions and mostly in phase with the incident wave.
Removal of carbon-14 from irradiated graphite

Abstract Approximately 250,000 tonnes of irradiated graphite waste exists worldwide and that quantity is expected to increase with decommissioning of Generation II reactors and deployment of Generation IV gas-cooled, graphite moderated reactors. This situation indicates the need for a graphite waste management strategy. On of the isotopes of great concern for long-term disposal of irradiated graphite is carbon-14 (14C), with a half-life of 5730 years. Study of irradiated graphite from some nuclear reactors indicates 14C is concentrated on the outer 5 mm of the graphite structure. The aim of the research presented here is to develop a practical method by which 14C can be removed. In parallel with these efforts, the same irradiated graphite material is being characterized to identify the chemical form of 14C in irradiated graphite. A nuclear-grade graphite, NBG-18, and a high-surface-area graphite foam, POCOFoam®, were exposed to liquid nitrogen (to increase the quantity of 14C precursor) and neutron-irradiated (1013 neutrons/cm2/s). During post-irradiation thermal treatment, graphite samples were heated in the presence of an inert carrier gas (with or without the addition of an oxidant gas), which carries off gaseous products released during treatment. Graphite gasification occurs via interaction with adsorbed oxygen complexes. Experiments in argon only were performed at 900 °C and 1400 °C to evaluate the selective removal of 14C. Thermal treatment also was performed with the addition of 3 and 5 vol% oxygen at temperatures 700 °C and 1400 °C. Thermal treatment experiments were evaluated for the effective selective removal of 14C. Lower temperatures and oxygen levels correlated to more efficient 14C removal.
Cytological sexing of cetacea

A biopsy dart, that can be shot from a gun or crossbow, was developed to obtain skin of whales at sea. Determination of sex was found possible by staining and locating sex chromatin bodies in the nuclei of female skin cells. This procedure will be useful in many types of field studies on whales.
Air pollutant yield-loss assessment for four vegetable crops.

Abstract Crop loss was evaluated for leaf lettuce, green onion, turnip and beet in a field chamber system using a gradient of ambient pollutants. The nine-chamber gradient had air flows adjusted to filter pollutants to 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 35, 20 and 0% of ambient or ambient plus added ozone. Dose-response functions were calculated for the four crops using both a 12-h seasonal mean dose statistic and a 0.10 μl l −1 threshold dose summary. Yield-loss functions were generated from yield equations. Crop yield-loss functions for green onion, turnips and beets were significant with 12-h seasonal mean ozone dose. Yield-loss functions based on the 0.10 μl l −1 threshold were significant for onion, lettuce and beets. Multiple regression analysis using both dose summary statistics did not produce a better predictive model of yield loss for any of the four crops examined.
Readiness for learning: Assumptions and realities

The time, money, and effort which have been appropriated in order for children to have educational experiences prior to first grade have resulted from the fact that society has certain expectations of its citizens. These expectations are necessary in order for the culture of the society to continue. Robert Havighurst (1972) calls these societal expectations "developmental tasks." These tasks begin early and continue throughout a person's life span. They include: learning to talk, learning to walk, learning appropriate sex roles, and learning academic skills in schools. The first tasks are usually learned at home with parents or relatives as the child's teacher. But as academic tasks are undertaken, the school replaces the home as the primary source of instruction. These tasks are crucial in terms of their outcomes. If the members of a society are able to
The role of APICS in professionalizing operations management

Abstract The APICS organization is the professional association most closely affiliated with operations management practitioners. The organization is widely known for their Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM) program that assesses individual knowledge in the field of production and inventory management. APICS and the CPIM certification have played a major role in elevating the professionalism of individuals who work in operations management. This paper will detail a history of APICS and the CPIM certification and describe the role of academics in the development of the certification.
An immunocytochemical marker for hamster retinal ganglion cells.

We examined the specificity and developmental time course of the labelling of retinal ganglion cells in Syrian hamsters by a monoclonal antibody AB5. In adult hamsters, AB5 selectively labelled somata in the ganglion cell layer, dendrites in the inner plexiform layer and axons in the nerve fibre layer. When retinal ganglion cells were retrogradely labelled with Dil prior to AB5 immunocytochemistry, all of the retrogradely labelled retinal ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer were AB5 immunoreactive, indicating that AB5 labels all classes of ganglion cell in that layer. In retinae depleted of retinal ganglion cells by neonatal optic nerve transections, AB5 did not label any somata or processes, indicating that AB5 specifically labels retinal ganglion cells. During development, AB5 labelling first appeared as a weak staining of cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer on postnatal day 12 (P12; PO=first 24 h following birth) and acquired the staining pattern seen in the adult by postnatal day 14. From the onset of AB5 immunoreactivity, AB5-labelled somata of varying sizes were present across the entire retinal surface. Although AB5 labelled retinal ganglion cell axons in the nerve fibre layer of the retina it did not label the optic nerve or retinal ganglion cell axons in the brain at any age examined. AB5 labelling was also found to be compatible with bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry and, therefore, useful for determining the time of generation of hamster retinal ganglion cells.
The biochemistry of methanol poisoning: II. Metabolic acidosis in the monkey

Summary 1. The urinary excretion of titratable organic acids was not increased in rhesus monkeys receiving methanol in amounts which caused observable manifestations of toxicity, including death. 2. The dose levels which cause signs of toxicity and that which could be considered as approximating the minimal lethal dose were comparable to those seen in lower animals. However, in rare instances the picture was not unlike that found in human beings. Thus, with respect to methanol poisoning, the monkey demonstrates features characteristic of both lower animals and humans.
Remarks on the Beta Stability in Neutron Stars

Abstract We show that in a relativistic theory of nuclear matter the usually suppressed beta decay of neutrons n → p + e − + g n e is allowed. It can serve as a cooling mechanism. The theory also predicts the existence of real pions inside dense neutron stars. These conclusions rest primarily on the correct phenomenological description of symmetry energy in symmetric (N = Z) nuclear matter.
Pegylated-Cholesterol Decreases the Amplitude and Augments Time- and Voltage-Dependent Inactivation of L-Type CA2+ Current of A7R5 Cells from Rat Aorta

Cholesterol (Chol) localizes at high density in lipid rafts and caveolae in the membrane and regulates ion channel functions. We studied Chol-dependent regulation of L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICa,L) by applying water- and lipid-soluble pegylated Chol. A7r5 cells, a cell line from fetal rat aorta, were incubated with PEG600:Chol (PC) for hours in microtubes. PC dose-dependently (0.1 - 10 mM) decreased the density of ICa,L recorded by whole-cell clamp method with Ba2+ as a charge carrier to 51%, while similar pretreatment by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbCD) dose-dependently (1 - 30 mM) increased it by 61%. Voltage-dependence of the activation was little affected by them. PC accelerated the time course of the current decay: the ratio of the amplitude at 500 ms to the peak amplitude (I500/Ipeak) at 0 mV was decreased from 0.41 in control to 0.26 by 1 mM PC, while the pretreatment by MbCD increased it to 0.63. The PC-pretreatment shifted finf-V curve to the left, shifting V0.5 from control −29.5 mV to -39.2 mV at 1 mM. In contrast, MbCD shifted V0.5 to the right to −25.5 mV at 30 mM. The PC-induced decrease of ICa,L density was reversed to an increase by the addition of 30 mM-MbCD to the tube containing 1 mM-PC. However, it only moderately reversed the PC-induced decrease of I500/Ipeak and hyperpolarizing shift of finf-V. By inhibiting amplitude and augmenting inactivation, PC strongly inhibited window ICa,L that is mainly responsible for depolarization-induced contraction in the arterial smooth muscles. PC-induced increase of membrane stiffness due to the increase of the total content of Chol and/or direct interaction of PC with signaling lipids and proteins including CaV1.2 could explain these changes of ICa,L.
A new twist on Jensenism

Jensenism is redefined, not in terms of his notions about the genetics of intelligence, but in terms of the personal qualities and beliefs that have made Jensen a researcher of note: going against convention, tackling controversial topics with empiricism, refusing to be intimidated by threats and picket lines, and being flexible enough to modify his beliefs. These aspects of Jensen are illustrated by the author's personal experiences with the man and his research.
Activity related energy expenditure, appetite and energy intake: potential implications for weight management.

The aim was to investigate relationships between activity related energy expenditure (AREE), appetite ratings and energy intake (EI) in a sample of 40 male (26.4 years; BMI 23.5 kg/m2) and 42 female (26.9 years; BMI 22.4 kg/m2) participants. AREE was expressed as the residual value of the regression between total daily EE (by doubly labeled water) and resting EE (by indirect calorimetry). EI was measured using an ad libitum buffet meal and visual analogue scales measured subjective appetite ratings before and after the meal. AREE was divided into low, middle and high sex-specific tertiles. General linear models were used to investigate differences in appetite ratings and EI across AREE tertiles. Before the meal, males in the high AREE tertile had significantly lower desire to eat and lower prospective food consumption and higher feelings of fullness compared to those in the low tertile. Males in the middle tertile had significantly higher satiety quotients after the meal and lower EI compared to the other tertiles. No significant differences across tertiles were found in females. Sex differences in relationships between AREE, appetite ratings and EI may lead to differing patterns of EI and subsequent weight maintenance.
A Potential Difficulty in A/D Conversion Using Microcomputer Systems

Special precautions are urged upon designers and users of A/D conversion systems based on laboratory microcomputers. Even when normal design procedures and manufacturer specifications are conscientiously followed in organizing the hardware, serious degradation of A/D system performance can result from synchronous noise generated by the controlling software, unless that software is properly configured to minimize execution of noisy instructions at critical times. Simple procedures are outlined to test for the presence of such effects.
Dating Violence Perpetration: The Predictive Roles of Maternally versus Paternally Perpetrated Childhood Abuse and Subsequent Dating Violence Attitudes and Behaviors

This study investigated both young men's and young women's perpetration of physical, sexual, and psychological forms of dating violence, examining predictors of violence including maternally or paternally perpetrated forms of various types of child maltreatment, as well as attitudes toward dating violence and dating violence victimization. Results of hierarchical linear regressions found that childhood experiences of maternal neglect predicted men's physical perpetration, and childhood sexual abuse predicted women's sexual perpetration and men's psychological perpetration. Further, positive attitudes toward dating violence predicted women's physical, psychological, and sexual perpetration, as well as men's sexual perpetration, and experiences of dating violence victimization were the strongest predictors of most forms of dating violence perpetration, particularly among women. Implications for future research and prevention initiatives are discussed.
Top 20 cited Spine Journal articles, 1990-2009.

AIM: To determine the most cited articles and most published authors in Spine Journal from 1990-2009. METHODS: Spine Journal, established in 1976, is affiliated with 12 spine societies and a leader in spine research articles. Citation analysis is a method to determine the impact of a journal and its articles on academia and clinical practice. Using the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, we determined the most cited articles in Spine Journal between1990-2009. The characteristics and type of article were recorded. Next, we evaluated the most published authors during the same time period and calculated the number of citations for each author. The number of first authorships for each of these authors was also determined along with the number of citations for those articles. RESULTS: The top 20 cited articles range from 491 to 267 total citations. The top 20 published authors had between 41 and 135 articles. Seventeen of the top 20 articles were clinical studies. The range of citations per lead authorship ratio was 36 to 724 with one author having no lead authorships. Low back pain was the most common theme encountered in the top cited articles. The first-ranked article was not a spine-specific topic rather it was regarding general physical and mental health status survey update review. CONCLUSION: Spine Journal and its authors have a clear impact on the scientific community based on this review of the top articles and authors in the last 20 years.
SPECTROSCOPY OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE M DWARFS IN PRAESEPE

Spectroscopy of 222 late-type dwarfs in the Praesepe open cluster is used to measure the strengths of molecular and atomic features and to examine their sensitivity to chromospheric activity as measured by the strength of H? emission. For this cluster we confirm the results of Hawley and coworkers that some TiO features are selectively weakened among active field stars. However, a similar effect for CaOH is only weakly confirmed. Using differential measures of the strengths of features with respect to the median in narrow color bins, we also find that absorption in the Ca II IR triplet is selectively weakened in more active stars, while absorption at K I and Na I is strengthened. A comparison of the distribution of the H? strengths with V - I color in Praesepe and the similarly aged Hyades cluster indicates that the onset of M dwarf activity occurs at a significantly redder color in Praesepe than in the Hyades. Analysis of similar data on eight clusters from the literature is used to explore the relationship between age and activity in open clusters. We quantify the dependence on cluster age of the location along the main sequence for the onset of activity, confirming that the critical color at which activity becomes prominent is a nearly linear function of the logarithm of the age.
Complexation of europium using polyethylene carboxylic acid

Abstract Competitive complexation of europium(III) carboxylates by an octadecanoic carboxylate and a terminally functionalized oligomeric ethylene carboxylate ( M n = ∼ 1500–2000) showed that there was little difference between a low molecular weight alkyl carboxylate ligand and an oligomeric polyethylene carboxylate ligand in their interaction with a metal salt in a toluene solution at 105°C. The most significant difference between these two carboxylate ligands was the facility with which the oligomeric carboxylate removes europium(III) from solution when the oligomer and octadecanoate were present at comparable concentrations. Comparison of calculations and experimental values for the amount of europium left in solution after equilibration of various ratios of terminally carboxylated oligomeric polyethylene and octadecanoic acids with europium(III) was used to evaluate the relative ligating ability of a soluble macromolecular and octadecyl carboxylate for europium(III) in toluene. Use of a less well-defined oxidized polyethylene instead of well-characterized terminally carboxylated oligomers as ligands had little effect on these equilibria. Experiments also showed that the solubility of these oligomerically ligated europium salts changed significantly over a temperature range of 60–85°C.
Rapid Biocompatibility Analysis of Materials via In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Mouse Models

Background Many materials are unsuitable for medical use because of poor biocompatibility. Recently, advances in the high throughput synthesis of biomaterials has significantly increased the number of potential biomaterials, however current biocompatibility analysis methods are slow and require histological analysis. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we develop rapid, non-invasive methods for in vivo quantification of the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. Materials were placed subcutaneously in an array format and monitored for host responses as per ISO 10993-6: 2001. Host cell activity in response to these materials was imaged kinetically, in vivo using fluorescent whole animal imaging. Data captured using whole animal imaging displayed similar temporal trends in cellular recruitment of phagocytes to the biomaterials compared to histological analysis. Conclusions/Significance Histological analysis similarity validates this technique as a novel, rapid approach for screening biocompatibility of implanted materials. Through this technique there exists the possibility to rapidly screen large libraries of polymers in vivo.
Rp-diastereomer of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphorothioate as an antagonist of the stimulatory action of cyclic AMP on the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux in single barnacle muscle fibers.

Single muscle fibers of the barnacleBalanus nubilus have been used as a preparation to test the possibility that the Rp-diastereomer of adenosine cyclic 3′,5′-phosphorothioate, which is the first available analog of cAMP that acts as an antagonist of cAMP, may reduce the magnitude of cAMP-mediated stimulation of the resting ouabain-insensitive Na efflux. The results obtained show that this antagonist is, in fact, able to reduce stimulation of the Na efflux by injected cAMP in a dose-dependent manner.
Modeling hierarchical combinational circuits

Hierarchical descriptions of combinational circuits often contain apparent loops. Since it may be difficult to distinguish apparent loops from actual loops, it is useful to construct models of combinational circuits that can handle cyclic dependencies. We show that Boolean relations are inadequate for this purpose, and define a ternary model that solves the problem. We use the model to characterize exact solutions to a broad class of substitution and rectification problems. The theory cleanly handles network transformations that might introduce cyclic dependencies.
Optical remote sensing of the atmosphere.

The Optical Society of America held a Topical Meeting on Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere during the week of 15 Jan. 1985. This 1 Nov. 1985 issue of Applied Optics contains sixteen of the papers presented at this meeting.
Diffusional mediation of surface electron transfer on TiO2

The results of a kinetic study are reported for cross-surface electron transfer in the reversible oxidation of [OsII(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 to OsIII surface adsorbed to nanocrystalline TiO2 films on optically transparent ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) electrodes. The kinetics are sensitive to the extent of surface loading. From monolayers adsorbed from CH3CN, a percolation threshold of ∼60% was measured. Adsorption isotherms for [OsII(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 in EtOH and CH3CN show that surface coverage from EtOH is ∼60% of that from CH3CN at similar adsorbate concentrations. Apparent charge-transfer diffusion coefficients in 0.1 M [N(n-C4H9)4](PF6) in CH3CN measured by chronoabsorptometry are Dapp = 1.4 × 10-9 cm2/s (Γ = 1.1 × 10-10 mol/cm2, CH3CN) and 1.4 × 10-11 cm2/s (Γ = 7 × 10-11 mol/cm2, EtOH). Electron-transfer mediation of the oxidative component of the OsIII/II surface couple occurs in the presence of added Ru(bpy)32+ by stepping the potential past the Ru(bpy)33+/2+ wave. Mediation of ...
Pediatric Psychopharmacologic Uses of Propranolol: Review and Case Illustrations

This article introduces child and adolescent psychiatric nurses to the use of propranolol for aggression in children and adolescents. The use of propranolol is relatively new in the area of psychiatry. A retrospective chart review of patients who had received propranolol was conducted in an intermediate care hospital. Case illustrations are presented.
Effects of trauma on children: occupational therapy to support recovery

Each year millions of the world's children witness, are victimized by or participate in traumatic events, placing them at risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder. If this disorder is left untreated, a child's developmental trajectory can be compromised. Occupational therapists are in key positions to recognize the signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children that interfere with functioning. Expressive therapies, long used in occupational therapy practice, are well suited to help children achieve an adaptive response to trauma. Two brief case studies are presented, describing the application of occupational therapy using expressive media with children who experienced post-traumatic stress disorders. The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that occupational therapists working in early intervention programmes can be helpful in identifying children in need and in providing treatment based on expressive therapies, stress management and cognitive-behavioural modalities. Further research is recommended to examine the efficacy of different occupational therapy frames of reference in treating children with post-traumatic stress disorder. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Noise control activities of the state OF California

This paper deals primarily with state activity in the field of noise control. It covers motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise, noise and land use planning, and includes a discussion of what areas for future state legislation are left uncovered by federal preemption under the Noise Control Act of 1972. With regard to motor vehicle noise, California has been enforcing existing state laws that pertain both to sellers of new vehicles and to operators of all vehicles. The enactment of the Noise Control Act raises questions as to the continued legality of the existing new vehicle laws. California's aircraft noise regulations went into effect in December 1972. As a practical matter, full enforcement must await the satisfactory performance of the monitoring systems, none of which have been fully approved. The airlines have sued the state to invalidate the regulations. The outcome may well depend on the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Burbank v. Lockheed, that court's first aircraft noise regulation case, which was scheduled to be argued in February 1973.