cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital controller design for Bouc-Wen model with high-order hysteretic nonlinearities through approximated scalar sign function

In the models of piezoelectric actuator (PEA) systems, the hysteresis effects are often described by the concise Bouc-Wen models; however, these models are nonlinear and non-smooth because of the existence of terms which involve the absolute-value function. In particular, a challenging control problem is posed when, due to the properties of certain materials, such absolute-value terms are of high order. This control problem has been rarely studied. This article proposes the use of the approximated scalar sign function (ASSF), which is a numerically stable and differentiable nonlinear function, to represent the hysteresis function, with single-order or high-order absolute-value terms. This innovative step leads to a nonlinear but sufficiently smooth model. Then, a systematic digital design methodology is presented, which involves the following steps: (1) establish an optimal linear model based upon the resulting smooth model, (2) adopt a PI-based analogue controller and (3) apply the prediction-based digital redesign technique for digital implementation. A digital observer is also developed for state reconstruction, and to improve the input disturbance rejection. The positioning control of a PEA system with a high-order hysteretic Bouc-Wen model is implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ASSF based modelling and controller design approaches.
Erimetopus vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) n. comb., with notes on the taxonomy of the genus Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Central Africa

The Central African freshwater crab genus Erimetopus (family Potamonautidae) is revived to accommodate two species, E. brazzae (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886) and E. vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) n. comb. The genus Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894, and the two species assigned to it here, are redescribed from type material, and lectotypes for each species are selected. Erimetopus spinosus Rathbun, 1894 is judged here to be a junior synonym of E. brazzae, and P. (E.) b. frontospinulosa is treated as a subspecies of E. brazzae. Illustrations and photographs of the type specimens of these taxa are provided, and new gonopod evidence based on E. vandenbrandeni is evaluated. The distributions of the species of Erimetopus are described and discussed, and keys to the genera of African freshwater crabs and to the species of Erimetopus are provided.
Maternal Nutrition, Breast-Feeding and Infant Survival

As important as breastfeeding may be to human survival — more so today in some places, of course, than in others — there is much that is not well understood, and much to be learned. A number of studies have been carried out to explore various aspects of the relation, but they vary widely in the problem addressed, in the variables examined — or omitted — in the methods used, in the population samples studied, and in the conditions under which they were conducted. Thus, if conclusions are to be reached, some of them will necessarily be tentative, if not downright speculative — and probably biased. In this presentation, I will address three questions: 1) Does maternal nutrition affect lactation? 2) Does lactation affect infant survival? 3) Do maternal nutrition and lactation affect fertility?
Effect of low calorie diet on the hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and life span of genetically obese rats.

SummaryA new strain of genetically obese rat recently obtained in our laboratory exhibits endogenous hyperlipidemia (marked hypertriglyceridemia and moderate hypercholesterolemia) and spontaneous hypertension. The animals die prematurely from kidney failure or from the complications of atherosclerosis. A low calorie diet proved to be highly beneficial to these rats. Body weight declined, obesity diminished, the hypertriglyceridemia was almost eliminated, and the hypercholesterolemia was reduced. However, the hypertensive state was not alleviated. Since the life span of the rats was greatly prolonged by a low calorie diet, the latter undoubtedly served to prevent or arrest the development of renal and vascular disease in these obese animals.
Progress in Development of a Non-Self-Sustained Electric Discharge Pumped Oxygen-Iodine Laser 1

The present paper discusses results of experiments on singlet oxygen generation in a highpressure, non-self-sustained crossed discharge. The discharge consists of completely overlapping high-voltage (15-20 kV), short pulse duration (10-20 nsec), high repetition rate (up to 50 kHz) repetitively pulsed discharge, which produces ionization in the flow, and a low-voltage DC sustainer discharge which sustains current in a decaying plasma between the pulses. The sustainer discharge voltage can be independently varied to choose the reduced electric field value such as to maximize the sustainer energy input into electron impact excitation of singlet delta oxygen. The results demonstrate operation of a stable and diffuse crossed discharge in a 10% O2 – 90% He mixture at pressures of 60-120 torr (mass flow rates of 1.5-3.0 g/sec) and sustainer discharge powers of up to 1.6-2.2 kW. The reduced electric field in the positive column of the sustainer discharge in O2-He flows ranges from 0.6·10 -16 V·cm 2 to 1.2·10 -16 V·cm 2 . Singlet delta oxygen yield at these conditions, 1.7% to 5.7% at the flow temperatures ranging from 330 K to 430 K, was inferred from the integrated intensity of the (0,0) band of the O2(a 1 ∆→X 3 Σ) infrared emission spectra calibrated using a blackbody source. The results show that the O2(a 1 ∆) yield increases nearly proportionally to the sustainer discharge power and remain nearly independent of the O2 fraction in the mixture (up to 20%). Static pressure measurements in a M=3 supersonic test section downstream of the crossed discharge section show that a steady-state M=2.5-3.0 flow in the test section can be sustained for up to 10 to 25 seconds. These results also show that the measured singlet delta oxygen yield would exceed the threshold yield at the flow temperatures achieved in the supersonic section, 100-110 K, by about a factor of three. This suggests that yields measured in the present experiments may be sufficient for achieving positive gain in the supersonic laser cavity.
Combining Design of Experiments and Streamline-Based Simulation for Efficient Thermal IOR Development Study in a Waterdrive Light Oil Reservoir

Steamflooding has been widely applied as an e↵ective way to improve oil recovery not only in heavy oil reservoirs, but also in light oil reservoirs. It has been investigated that Steamflooding is a good way to handle the formation’s heterogeneity by decrease the degree of fluid spread and distortion in addition to extract bitumen that might be found in light oil reservoirs as in the reservoir under study. This reservoir is a sandstone formation in South Rumaila oil field located in Iraq. This field, with a 58-year production history, has 40 production wells and is surrounded by an infinite active edge water aquifer from the east and the west flanks. Because of some discontinuous series of bitumen at the east flank, the strength of east flank is much e↵ective less than the west one. In this study, a comparative thermodynamic simulation study has been conducted to investigate the feasibility of Steamflooding to extract the bitumen and improve oil recovery and determine the optimal future development scenario considering design of experiments and streamline-based simulation results. First of all, a thermodynamic reservoir simulator has been used to find out the feasibility of steam flooding in the heterogeneous reservoir to extract the bitumen and improve oil recovery. Later, full factorial design (FFD) has been conducted to figure out the most factors a↵ecting the response (recovery factor) through Steamflooding with distinct levels. The factors are steam injection rate, quality, temperature, and number of steam injectors. FFD has shown that the recovery factor is sensitive for all the mentioned factors as well as some interactions and it also shown that the optimal scenario has the highest steam quality, injection rate, and temperature with the lowest number of injectors to get the highest recovery factor. Consequently, and in order to determine the optimal number of injectors, a connectivity matrix between the injectors and producers has been constructed to provide a source of potential injection wells to be optimized. This matrix has been set based on the streamline-based simulation results at the first time step of the prediction period and the wells were selected according to the higher connectivity with the producers. This practical optimization approach has led to determine the optimal number of steam injection wells that leads to optimal development scenario. It has shown finally that only one injector, which has higher connections with the main producers in the field, has led to highest oil recovery.
Group Additivity and Modified Linear Scaling Relations for Estimating Surface Thermochemistry on Transition Metal Surfaces: Application to Furanics

We assess the applicability of DFT-parametrized group additivity (GA) and extended linear scaling relations (ELSRs) to the adsorption properties of biomass furanic derivatives on close-packed metal surfaces. We find that previous schemes are inadequate for larger furanic derivatives and even small unsaturated species, such as ethylene, and identify sources of error. We propose an interpolative GA-LSR scheme that accounts for (1) dispersion forces, (2) a modified valence model for unsaturated compounds, which depends on the number of metal atoms occupied by heteroatoms of an adsorbate, and (3) hydrogen–metal interactions, captured using a secondary atomic binding energy descriptor. This new model requires only the atomic carbon and oxygen adsorption energies on a metal surface to estimate the thermochemistry of a given furanic derivative. It predicts the preferred adsorption mode (di-σCC vs πCC) of unsaturated species and the conformation (flat, tilted, vertical) of furanics and greatly reduces the error i...
Expression of nonclassical MHC class Ib genes: comparison of regulatory elements.

Peptide binding proteins of the major histocompatibility complex consist of the “classical” class Ia and “nonclassical” class Ib genes. The gene organization and structure/function relationship of the various exons comprising class I proteins are very similar among the class Ia and class Ib genes. Although the tissue-specific patterns of expression of these two gene families are overlapping, many class Ib genes are distinguished by relative low abundance and/or limited tissue distribution. Further, many of the class Ib genes serve specialized roles in immune responses. Given that the coding sequences of the class Ia and class Ib genes are highly homologous we sought to examine the promoter regions of the various class Ib genes by comparison to the well characterized promoter elements regulating expression of the class Ia genes. This analysis revealed a surprising complexity of promoter structures among all class I genes and few instances of conservation of class Ia promoter regulatory elements among the class Ib genes.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE DENSE HYDROUS MAGNESIUM SILICATE, PHASE D

Liu (1986, 1987) reported the diffraction pattern of a hydrous magnesium silicate resulting from the breakdown of serpentine at 22 GPa and 1000 8C and named this material ‘‘phase D.’’ Since that time there have been several reports of the synthesis of phase D, but its confirmed composition and crystal structure have not yet been reported. We synthesized a new dense hydrous magnesium silicate at 20 GPa and 1200 8C and solved its crystal structure (Rw 5 0.015 and R 5 0.014). The single crystal has composition Mg1.11Si1.89H2.22O6 (ideal formula: MgSi2H2O6), cell parameters a 5 4.7453(4), c 5 4.3450(5) A ˚, and V 5 84.74(2) A ˚ 3 , and space group P31m. The crystal structure is relatively simple with all the Si occupying octahedral sites in a layer similar to that of brucite, but with one of every three octahedra vacant. The MgO6 octahedra are located above and below each vacant octahedral site. All O-H bonding occurs between SiO6 octahedral layers. This is the only high-pressure hydrous magnesium silicate structure reported to date that contains all octahedrally coordinated Si. The calculated density of phase D ( dcal 5 3.50 g/cm 3 ) is substantially greater than any other high-pressure hydrous magnesium silicate phase.
Verbal Aggressiveness Among Physicians and Trainees

Objective To better understand verbal aggressiveness among physicians and trainees, including specialty-specific differences. Design and Participants The Infante Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (IVAS) was administered as part of a survey to 48 medical students, 24 residents, and 257 attending physicians. The 72 trainees received the IVAS and demographic questions, whereas the attending physicians received additional questions regarding type of practice, career satisfaction, litigation, and personality type. Results The IVAS scores showed high reliability (Cronbach α = 0.83). Among all trainees, 56% were female with mean age 28 years, whereas among attending physicians, 63% were male with mean age 50 years. Average scores of trainees were higher than attending physicians with corresponding averages of 1.88 and 1.68, respectively. Among trainees, higher IVAS scores were significantly associated with male sex, non-US birthplace, choice of surgery, and a history of bullying. Among attending physicians, higher IVAS scores were significantly associated with male sex, younger age, self-reported low-quality of patient-physician relationships, and low enjoyment talking to patients. General surgery and general internal medicine physicians were significantly associated with higher IVAS scores than other specialties. General practitioners (surgeons and medical physicians) had higher IVAS scores than the specialists in their corresponding fields. No significant correlation was found between IVAS scores and threats of legal action against attending physicians, or most personality traits. Additional findings regarding bullying in medical school, physician-patient interactions, and having a method to deal with inappropriate behavior at work were observed. Conclusions Individuals choosing general specialties display more aggressive verbal communication styles, general surgeons displaying the highest. The IVAS scoring system may identify subgroups of physicians with overly aggressive (problematic) communication skills and may provide a backdrop for educating physician communicators. The relationship between verbal aggressiveness and efficacy of clinical communication merits inquiry.
Development of Impulse High Current Testing System of Grounding Devices and Testing of Tower Grounding Impulse Characteristics

An impulse current testing system of grounding devices is needed to be built so as to simulate the diffusing course of impulse current on grounding devices and in the soil around the devices,and to know well the impulse characteristics of grounding devices.By simulating and project demonstrating,we put forward a technological scheme including four split style impulse current generators arranged uniformly around returning electrodes of circular current whose diameter is 40 meters,in which the charging voltage of single impulse current generator could reach 1 000 kV.The testing system can generate standard lightning impulse current of peak value 100 kA and waveform 8 μs/20 μs on the load whose impedance is larger than 4 Ω.Moreover,equivalency of distribution of impulse current and actual lightning current is expounded and proved by the distribution uniformity of ground potential rise of ground surface and returning electrode of current,and a modified formula of power frequency grounding resistance and impulse grounding resistance is presented according to the testing system.The curve of impulse characteristics of the typical grounding device under the action of impulse current of waveform 8 μs/20 μs and 2.6 μs/50 μs is obtained,indicating that impulse grounding resistance of the device varies insignificantly with the peak value of impulse current.
Determination of the Dissolution of Genhuang Dispersible Tablets

Objective To establish a method for the determination of baicalin dissolution in Genhuang dispersible tablets.Methods According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,water was used as the dissolution medium,with speed of 100r·min-1.The content of baicalin was determined at a wavelength of 280nm by RP-HPLC method,and the cumulative release of Genhuang dispersible tablet was calculated.Results The average recovery rate was 97.27% and the RSD was 0.74%.The calibration curve of baicalin was linear in the range of 1.018～50.9 μg·ml-1.With this method,the accumulation dissolution rate of the baicalin in Genhuang dispersible tablets reached 99.10% at 10 minute.Conclusion The difference in the cumulative release percentage of Genhuang dispersible tablets is not significant,so this method is simple,accurate,repeatable,which can be used for the quality control of Genhuang dispersible tablets.
Genetic and Biochemical Tools for Investigating Sirtuin Function in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most widely used genetic model systems in biology. The ease of working in an invertebrate model system allows the design and execution of many experiments that would be infeasible in a vertebrate model. Although the strength of the fly as a model system lies primarily in the ease of genetic manipulation, it is flexible enough that biochemical and proteomic approaches can also be used to build a more comprehensive study. Here we present a pair of complementary protocols that we have used to examine sirtuin biology in Drosophila. First, we describe our protocol for measuring lifespan in flies expressing a gene of interest under the inducible control of the Gene-Switch system. Finally, we describe a method for performing chromatin immunoprecipitation on adult flies, including some of the difficulties associated with using this technique in chitinous tissue.
Corticosteroid potentiation of surfactant dose response in preterm rabbits.

Fetal rabbits were treated with corticosteroids by maternal administration for 48 h before delivery at 27 days gestational age. Both corticosteroid-treated and control animals then received exogenous natural rabbit surfactant at birth at doses of 0–75 mg lipid/kg. After 10 min of ventilation at tidal volumes of 12–15 ml/kg, static pressure-volume measurements were made. At all surfactant doses there was a significantly higher maximal lung volume, higher dynamic compliance, and lower pressure requirement in the corticosteroid-treated than in the control rabbits (P less than 0.01). Control animals showed incremental improvements in dynamic compliances and maximal lung volumes up to a dose of 50 mg/kg, whereas corticosteroid treated animals improved to a maximum at the low dose of 15 mg/kg (P less than 0.01). However, surface tension as assessed by lung stability index improved with increasing surfactant dose but was not significantly different between corticosteroid-treated and control animals at a given dose. The results imply that maternal corticosteroid treatment potentiates surfactant replacement by a change in lung structure that is independent of surface tension effects.
[Crohn disease: I. Possibilities and limits of conservative therapy].

Da die Atiologie des Morbus Crohn nach wie vor unbekannt ist, bleibt die konservative wie chirurgische Therapie symptomatisch. Fur die medikamentose Behandlung eignen sich Prednisolon, Salazosulfapyridin, Metronidazol und Elementardiaten in Abhangigkeit von Lokalisation und Ausdehnung der Erkrankung. Die chirurgische Behandlung ist eine Therapie der Komplikationen: Stenosen, Fisteln, Abscedierungen. Weder nach konservativer noch nach chirurgischer Behandlung ist der weitere Verlauf vorhersehbar.
What if There is Nothing to Borrow? The Long Decade of Neglect in Nomadic Education

Unlike the case studies of imposed or voluntary borrowing discussed in the four preceding chapters, this chapter deals with the absence of borrowing in the area of nomadic education. An exploration of this transfer vacuum helps us to understand the logic of international donors who, in a long decade of neglect (1991–2003), refused to support the rehabilitation of boarding schools in Mongolia. Until 1990, a nationwide system of boarding schools made it possible for children of nomadic herder families who lived in remote rural areas to attend school. The enrollment figures speak for themselves: By the end of the 1960s, universal basic education had been achieved; in 1990, the gross enrollment ratio for 8–15-year-olds was 103 percent, and the adult literacy rate was 97 percent (Government of Mongolia and UNDP 2000: 26). By all accounts, the Mongolian boarding school system was a “good,” or even “best practice” that, during the country’s decade of transformation in the 1990s, went astray. Taking a cue from scholars who suggested that we turn our attention to practices in development that went right (see Vavrus 2003), we briefly sketch the features of the socialist boarding school system, and analyze its transformation during the postsocialist period.
Modeling and assessment of PV solar plants for composite system reliability considering radiation variability and component availability

This paper presents a method to model the output power of large PV systems for composite system reliability assessment. Grid level PV systems are usually constructed from a large number of power electronic components and PV panels. Modeling of these systems in power system reliability is a complex task due to the dependency of the output power on the intermittent source (solar radiation) and the availability of a large number of system components. An analytical method to construct a capacity outage probability and frequency table (COPAFT) that captures both the intermittency of the input source and component failures is proposed to model PV systems. The intermittency of the input source and component availabilities are modeled separately and then convolved to construct a single COPAFT. The resulting model includes both probability and frequency distributions. The proposed method reduces the complexity of modeling and evaluating large PV systems for composite system reliability assessment. The method is demonstrated on IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE RTS). Considering the PV farm location with a view to enhance system reliability, sensitivity study is conducted to measure the effect of the location of the PV farm on overall system reliability. The results confirm that connecting PV farms to the buses that are at a high risk enhances the overall system reliability.
Vaping to lose weight: Predictors of adult e-cigarette use for weight loss or control

Abstract Introduction Some traditional cigarette smokers are motivated to smoke to lose weight or control their weight. The current study evaluated whether a subset of adult e-cigarette users reported vaping to lose or control their weight and examined potential predictors of vaping for weight management. Methods Adult e-cigarette users (n = 459) who reported wanting to lose weight or maintain their weight completed an anonymous online survey. Participants reported on demographics, vaping frequency, e-cigarette nicotine content, cigarette smoking status, preferred e-cigarette/e-liquid flavors, current weight status (i.e., overweight, underweight), use of dieting strategies associated with anorexia and bulimia, lifetime history of binge eating, self-discipline, and impulse control. Binary logistic regression was used to examine whether vaping for weight loss/control was associated with the aforementioned variables. Results Participants who reported vaping for weight loss/control (13.5%) were more likely to vape frequently (adjOR = 1.15; 95% CI [1.00, 1.31]); be overweight (adjOR = 2.80; [1.33, 5.90]); restrict calories (adjOR = 2.23; [1.13, 4.42]); have poor impulse control (adjOR = 0.59; [0.41, 0.86]); and prefer coffee- (adjOR = 2.92; [1.47, 5.80]) or vanilla-flavored e-liquid (adjOR = 7.44; [1.56, 36.08]). Conclusions A subset of adult e-cigarette users reported vaping for weight loss/control, raising concerns about expanded, scientifically unsubstantiated uses of e-cigarettes. Identifying where individuals obtain information about vaping for weight loss (e.g., e-cigarette ads, Internet) and whether weight-related motives promote e-cigarette initiation among e-cigarette naive individuals is important to informing regulatory efforts. Further research also is needed to better understand the link between e-liquid flavors and weight loss motivations.
Lead and Arsenic Bioaccessibility and Speciation as a Function of Soil Particle Size.

Bioavailability research of soil metals has advanced considerably from default values to validated in vitro bioaccessibility (IVBA) assays for site-specific risk assessment. Previously, USEPA determined that the soil-size fraction representative of dermal adherence and consequent soil ingestion was 150, 75, 38, and <38 μm. Sieved versus ground subsamples of <250-μm and <150-μm bulk soils were also used for IVBA and synchrotron-based Pb and As speciation. Although we observed an increase in total and IVBA-extractable Pb and As with decreased soil particle size, changes in %IVBA of Pb and As (dependent on the ratio extractable:total) remained consistent in all of the tested soils. No significant changes in Pb and As speciation were observed across the soil fractions. The results suggest that using the more relevant <150-μm fraction will not undermine currently validated IVBA protocols in future bioavailability studies.
A collision model for grain-resolving simulations of flows over dense, mobile, polydisperse granular sediment beds

We present a collision model for phase-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations of sediment transport that couple the fluid and particles by the Immersed Boundary Method. Typically, a contact model for these types of simulations comprises a lubrication force for particles in close proximity to another solid object, a normal contact force to prevent particles from overlapping, and a tangential contact force to account for friction. Our model extends the work of previous authors to improve upon the time integration scheme to obtain consistent results for particlewall collisions. Furthermore, we account for polydisperse spherical particles and introduce new criteria to account for enduring contact, which occurs in many sediment transport situations. This is done without using arbitrary values for physically-defined parameters and by maintaining the full momentum balance of a particle in enduring contact. We validate our model against several test cases for binary particlewall collisions as well as the collective motion of a sediment bed sheared by a viscous flow, yielding satisfactory agreement with experimental data by various authors.
Effectiveness of policy development and implementation of L1-based multilingual education in Cambodia

This article presents the current state of ongoing research on policy development and implementation of first language-based multilingual education in five northeastern provinces of Cambodia that are home to significant ethnolinguistic minority populations. This research, supported by CARE Cambodia in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, qualitatively investigates policy development and structural support for MLE implementation and analyzes learner achievement data. Pulling together the findings, we highlight lessons learned throughout the process about creating the conditions for MLE success and about assessing MLE student outcomes that could inform MLE policy and practice in similar low-income contexts and have important implications for quality and equity in educational development.
Educação Especial na perspectiva Inclusiva: Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo

A Educacao Especial na Perspectiva da Educacao Inclusiva preconiza o atendimento as pessoas com necessidades especiais no âmbito da escola regular. Pessoas com Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo apresentam desenvolvimento atipico estando englobadas dentro dos Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar criticamente a literatura a respeito dos TEA no âmbito da Educacao Especial e Inclusiva. Acredita-se que a inclusao escolar possa proporcionar oportunidades impares para essas pessoas que se apresentam com dificuldades na interacao social, comportamentos restritos e repetitivos e na comunicacao.
Chitosan-based hybrid polymer composites: Structure and chemistry

Abstract Chitosan (CS) is considered as the second-most abundant biopolymer found of this planet, after cellulose. It’s derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. CS possess excellent properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, biofunctional, and antibiotic. Owing to these properties, CS has gathered enormous attention in biomedical, textile, and packaging research areas. Biomaterials are conventionally known to be used in biological applications and are not supposed to interact with human body to avoid any adverse side effects when implanted. Recent advances showed promising applications where a biomaterial interacted with body and provided signals that can be used for diagnostic purposes. These types of biomaterials categorized as fourth-generation biomaterials. There has been a growing demand to modify the conventional definition of biomaterials. The objective of the present chapter is to bring together the recent advances on the development of advanced fourth-generation devices based on CS.
Transport properties of HFC and HFO based refrigerants using an excess entropy scaling approach

Abstract The viscosity, thermal conductivity and Prandtl’s number of HFC and HFO refrigerants were studied using an excess entropy scaling approach. Based on it, the complex temperature and pressure dependence of refrigerants under consideration were reduced to simple functions of the residual entropy computed using Polar PC-SAFT. The model coefficients were fitted to experimental data at saturated conditions and used to predict transport properties across a wide range of temperatures, up to 1000 bar. The model was able to capture the minimum in Prandtl’s number observed near the critical point. The uncertainties in thermal conductivity predictions are comparable with those obtained with the well-correlated NIST REFPROP extended corresponding states approach (ECS), with maximum average deviations of around 3%. Moreover, predictions of the HFO refrigerants viscosities showed lower deviations than ECS. This work is a step forward in the development of predictive models for the design of optimal low GWP refrigerants.
Lexical exposure to native language dialects can improve non-native phonetic discrimination.

Nonnative phonetic learning is an area of great interest for language researchers, learners, and educators alike. In two studies, we examined whether nonnative phonetic discrimination of Hindi dental and retroflex stops can be improved by exposure to lexical items bearing the critical nonnative stops. We extend the lexical retuning paradigm of Norris, McQueen, and Cutler (Cognitive Psychology, 47, 204–238, 2003) by having naive American English (AE)-speaking participants perform a pretest-training-posttest procedure. They performed an AXB discrimination task with the Hindi retroflex and dental stops before and after transcribing naturally produced words from an Indian English speaker that either contained these tokens or not. Only those participants who heard words with the critical nonnative phones improved in their posttest discrimination. This finding suggests that exposure to nonnative phones in native lexical contexts supports learning of difficult nonnative phonetic discrimination.
Group Work with Mentally Retarded Foster Adolescents

The greatest contribution was to each member's emerging sense of self as a competent and unique person, respected by others, who could help and be helped
Reports from Sahara. Transitions and contradictions in Afro-European modernities: the case of Cansado-Zouerate, Mauritania

Entre 1959 et 1965, la Societe nationale des mines de Mauritanie, MIFERMA, a delocalise plus de 10 000 personnes en plein cœur du Sahara pour soutenir sa croissance industrielle. Les urbanistes francais responsables, mettant l’accent sur les principes de l’urbanisme moderne, tout en affrontant des conditions environnementales extremes, ont repondu aux ambitions de MIFERMA en accueillant 10 000 travailleurs africains et gestionnaires europeens dans deux villes nouvelles, reliees par une ligne de chemin de fer traversant 700 kilometres de desert. L’histoire de Cansado et de Zouerate, l’une, ville portuaire, l’autre, d’arriere-pays, est etroitement entremelee a d’autres experiences paralleles en Afrique de l’Ouest. Dans le cadre d’un large reseau du fer et de l’acier de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, l’experience mauritanienne est une des tentatives les plus marquantes de planification de villes minieres qui – selon le gouverneur de Guinee francaise, Roland Pre – allaient devenir l’outil principal pour que l’Afrique determine « son propre avenir, principalement dans les regions vierges de l’interieur, ou de grands complexes d’industrie et de services sont planifies ».Habitees majoritairement par des personnes delocalisees, tant d’Afrique que d’Europe, Cansado et Zouerate partagent un meme fondement ideologique et forment un systeme unique et interconnecte de logements – pour loger les personnes – et d’infrastructures – pour les nourrir – qui traversent le desert. Neanmoins, les differents processus de planification etablis par la compagnie miniere, tout comme le role joue par les amenageurs, ont profondement influence le developpement ulterieur de ces villes. Alors qu’a Cansado, la superposition de strictes regles typologiques aux variations morphologiques a empeche tout processus d’adaptation, Zouerate s’est developpee comme une ville spontanee a cote du noyau moderniste, et une large ceinture de bidonvilles et de jardins commence a encercler la ville.Si la transition de la decolonisation a forme – et subverti – l’utopie moderne sous-tendue, les environnements extremes du Sahara ont contribue a manifester les contradictions bien evidentes dans les destinees opposees de Cansado et Zouerate.
Relationship Between Self-Report and Behavior

An issue that has plagued social and personality psychology for decades is the lack of consistency between people’s self-reports and their overt behavior. Whether the self-reports be of attitudes or traits, the predictive relationships from such measures to the actions that they might reasonably be expected to influence is frequently quite poor (e.g., Calder & Ross, 1973; Mischel, 1968, 1973; Schuman & Johnson, 1976; Wicker, 1969, 1971). The weakness of such relationships has even led some theorists to question the utility of the attitude construct (cf. Abelson, 1972), and has led others to suggest that attitudes only follow from behavior, rather than influencing the course of behavior (cf. Bern, 1972).
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia negative for surface CD3 and CD45

![Figure][1] A 75-year-old man was referred to us with an outside diagnosis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) posttreatment. He had mild leukocytosis (white blood cell count, 11.5 × 109/L) and multicompartmental lymphadenopathy by positron emission tomography–computed tomography (
EMISSION SPECTRA OF SHOCK COMPRESSED SOLIDS

New optical wavelength emission spectra recorded during dynamic compression of MgO shocked to 55-63 GPa, and CaAl2Si2O8 (glass) shocked to 37-40 GPa, and a control sample of steel shocked to 40 GPa suggest that transparent brittle solids exhibit both thermal and characteristic line spectra. These spectra are related to the state of brittle materials shocked to successively higher pressures and temperatures. Three regimes of emission spectra behavior are proposed to occur in transparent solids upon shock compression: (1) the characteristic line spectrum regime such as observed in MgO and previously in SiO2, CaSO4H2O, CaCO3, and NaCl, (2) the heterogeneous hot spot (greybody) radiation regime observed in CaAl2Si2O3 (glass) and previously in all solids undergoing shock-induced phase transformations, and (3) the blackbody emission regime observed in the high pressure phase regime of NaCl, SiO2, CaO, CaAl2Si2O8, and Mg2SiO4. The onset of regime (2) appears to be useful for delineating shock-induced polymorphism whereas the onset of regime (3), where the emissivity approaches unity, represents achievement of local thermal equilibrium in the shocked solid.
Effect of herbicides on plant cell membrane lipids

For herbicides to be phytotoxic, they must move through a membrane in the roots or the shoots. Plant membranes are involved as structural components of the cell and also function in cell permeability, ion transport, electron transport, and enzyme activity. Since membrane lipids are intimately associated with many of the membrane functions, any alteration of the lipid components could have a profound effect on membrane function or structure (ANDERSON and THOMPSON 1973).
Cosmopolitan Education in Agonistic Morality: Epistemological Restraint, Discourse Ethics, and Agonistic Pluralism

Cosmopolitan education has been much theorized, discussed, and proposed, but what, exactly, might it look like and what specific processes might it involve? Cosmopolitanism’s recognition of shared humanity and the subsequent entailment of democratic inclusion make explicit the moral and political nature of cosmopolitan education and philosophy. As an ethico-political process, existing political and ethical processes can be brought to bear on its educational manifestations. The political concepts of epistemological restraint, discourse ethics, and agonistic pluralism are offered as models for cosmopolitan education in agonistic morality: epistemological restraint is used to address the need for prioritization of moral inquiry over moral belief; discourse ethics addresses the necessity of inclusive and democratic dialogue; agonistic pluralism offsets the implications of the inevitability of pluralism in educational inquiry. All three combine to form a process of cosmopolitan education in agonistic morality.
Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy

Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed gynecologic procedures. Historically, an abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic approach was utilized. With the advent of robotic technology, a new approach to hysterectomy is available to the surgeon. Although recent studies suggest that there are minimal differences in complications and outcomes between a laparoscopic approach compared to a robot-assisted laparoscopic approach, potential advantages of robotic surgery include its wristed instrumentation, three-dimensional immersive visualization, and increased surgical precision. This chapter discusses a robotic laparoscopic approach to hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. We will describe the technique and discuss issues that can arise during robotic surgery.
Functional profiling of circulating tumor cells with an integrated vortex capture and single-cell protease activity assay

Tumor cells are hypothesized to use proteolytic enzymes to facilitate invasion. Whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) secrete these enzymes to aid metastasis is unknown. A quantitative and high-throughput approach to assay CTC secretion is needed to address this question. We developed an integrated microfluidic system that concentrates rare cancer cells >100,000-fold from 1 mL of whole blood into ∼50,000 2-nL drops composed of assay reagents within 15 min. The system isolates CTCs by size, exchanges fluid around CTCs to remove contaminants, introduces a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) substrate, and encapsulates CTCs into microdroplets. We found CTCs from prostate cancer patients possessed above baseline levels of MMP activity (1.7- to 200-fold). Activity of CTCs was generally higher than leukocytes from the same patient (average CTC/leukocyte MMP activity ratio, 2.6 ± 1.5). Higher MMP activity of CTCs suggests active proteolytic processes that may facilitate invasion or immune evasion and be relevant phenotypic biomarkers enabling companion diagnostics for anti-MMP therapies.
IMPROVEMENT OF EJECTION FRACTION IN PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH CONCOMITANT USE OF INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN

Peripartum cardiomyopathy(PCM) is a disease entity wherein a patient develops systolic heart failure resembling non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The mechanism of peripartum cardiomyopathy remains fully unknown and controversial at best. Proposed pathophysiology varies from a viral infection,
Written Syntax Disorders

The written syntax abilities of children, adolescents, and adults demonstrating specific learning disabilities have been a concern of psychologists, educators, and clinicians for many years (Myklebust, 1973). Yet investigation of the written language skills of individuals with specific learning disabilities has not kept up with the need documented by practitioners. While initial investigations (Idol-Maestras, 1980; Wiig & Fleischmann, 1980; Wiig, Lapointe & Semel, 1977; Wiig & Semel, 1976) indicated that deficits in processing and producing oral sentence structures persists among children, adolescents and adults with specific learning disabilities, little empirical research has examined the grammatical structures of such individuals’ written text. Currently there exists a dearth of information regarding the types of written syntactical error patterns indicative of individuals with specific learning disabilities, as well as appropriate instruments useful in documenting syntactical errors. Understanding the source of many of the grammatical errors exhibited by writers demonstrating specific learning disabilities would help in developing more appropriate identification procedures and instructional strategies. As Shaugnessy (1977) pointed out, error-laden work must be viewed in light of its intentional structures as errors evidence of systematic, rule-governed behavior.
Actor-Critic based Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Energy Management of Extended Range Electric Delivery Vehicles

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully used in energy management strategies (EMS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and extended range electric vehicles (EREVs) operating on standard driving cycles and fixed driving routes. For many real-world applications like last-mile package delivery however, although vehicles may traverse the same region, the actual distance and energy intensity can be significantly different day-to-day. Such variation renders existing RL approaches less useful for optimizing energy consumption because vehicle velocity trajectories and routes are not known a priori. This paper presents an actor-critic based RL framework with continuous output to optimize a rule-based (RB) vehicle parameter in the engine control logic during the trip in real-time under uncertainty. The EMS is then tested on an in-use EREV for delivery equipped with two-way vehicle-to-cloud connectivity. The algorithm was trained on 52 historical trips to learn a generalized strategy for different trip distance and energy intensity. An average of 21.8% fuel efficiency improvement in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent was demonstrated on 51 unforeseen test trips made by the same vehicle with a distance range of 31 to 54 miles. The framework can be extended to other RB methods and EREV applications like transit buses and commuter vehicles.
Achieving consensus and convergence on a towed array passive acoustic monitoring standard for marine mammal monitoring

Towed passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) arrays from surface vessels has become a mature technology for marine mammal monitoring during marine seismic surveys. Multiple U.S. federal agencies have expressed a desire for consistent standards when implementing towed PAM. Two workshops involving academics, commercial PAM operators, and regulators have led to a comprehensive outline for an ASA towed array draft standard that covers requirements for initial operation planning, hardware, real-time monitoring and data acquisition, localization procedures, and post-operation validation. It does not cover operational mitigation decision criteria (such as power-down and/or shutdown of seismic airgun arrays), sound source verification, or how to initially establish the required detection range of the system. The standard’s fundamental goal is to reduce situations where background noise levels (arising from a variety of mechanisms) prevent effective PAM, and the dominant strategy employed is to standardize how acoustic measurements are logged, reported, and evaluated. Standardized plots would permit a non-technical supervisor or regulator to easily determine whether the PAM operation was self-noise limited under multiple operational circumstances. The approach taken here can serve as a template for future PAM standards for other deployment platforms [Work sponsored by BSSE and ONR Living Marine Resources Program.]
Childhood Food Involvement: Protection Against Food Insecurity in Young Adulthood.

Introduction Food insecurity during young adulthood affects physical health, mental health, and academic performance. However, little is known about parental and behavioral factors during childhood that may contribute to risk of food insecurity during young adulthood. Methods Data were obtained from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Child Development Supplement (1997–2017). In 2018–2019, a balanced panel was constructed of individuals who were aged 0–12 years in 1997 (n=1,049) and were living independently as of 2015. Simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effect of parental nutritional knowledge, childhood food preparation, and food shopping involvement on food insecurity in 2015–2017, adjusting for individual- and family-level factors. Results Children whose parents had medium (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.17, 0.93) or high (OR=0.38, 95% CI=0.19, 0.76) nutritional knowledge, compared with low nutritional knowledge, had lower odds of being food insecure when they reached young adulthood. In fully adjusted models, high levels of time spent preparing food during childhood were associated with lower odds of food insecurity in young adulthood (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.26, 0.84) compared with individuals who spent no time in food preparation. Time spent food shopping during childhood did not predict food insecurity in young adulthood. Conclusions Spending time in food preparation during childhood and high parental nutritional knowledge each have a protective effect against food insecurity during young adulthood. Greater investment in teaching cooking skills during childhood may be beneficial, particularly for individuals at high risk for food insecurity.
Bilateral facial palsy and neurosarcoidosis – An approach to a difficult diagnosis

We present a 71-year-old Caucasian female who presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and flank pain. As an inpatient, she subsequently developed bilateral facial palsy. After extensive workup, she was diagnosed with neurosarcoidosis. We present an algorithmic approach to diagnosing facial palsy and specific consideration when bilateral. Bilateral facial palsy accounts for The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Patient care, Medical knowledge.