cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of a treatment approach for phonological errors in polysyllabic words

Treatment effects on errors in polysyllabic words were investigated in four adult subjects with developmental phonological disorders. The subjects had long-standing histories of linguistic disorders and academic difficulties suggestive of learning disabilities. A multiple-baseline research design across subjects was used to train the subjects, in sequence, to produce polysyllabic words correctly. The treatment method used a mnemonic consisting of auditory and visual cues for each syllable, to help the subjects to perceive and produce the target words correctly. Generalization effects to untrained words were assessed throughout treatment. The treatment used was found to be effective, and it resulted in almost completely eliminating errors on the trained words. A follow-up probe demonstrated that the effects of treatment were stable over time for all subjects. The strength of the generalization effects varied across subjects, with two of the four subjects showing substantial reduction in errors on untrained...
What Factors Are Associated With Grade Acceleration? An Analysis and Comparison of Two U.S. Databases

The benefits of whole-grade acceleration for the highest achieving students in K-12 education are widely acknowledged. However, much less is known about which personal, family, and school factors are correlated with student acceleration. Which children are grade accelerated in K-7 education? Have factors associated with grade acceleration changed over time? We analyze data from the NELS (students from 1988-1992) and the ELS (students from 2002-2004) nationally representative and longitudinal databases to answer these questions. Other things being equal, females, Asian Americans, and students living on the U.S. east or west coast were more likely to be grade accelerated. For example, females had odds of being accelerated that were 1.3 times higher than the odds of males being accelerated. Students from the northeastern region of the U.S. had odds of acceleration that were nearly twice (1.9 times) as high as Midwest students’ odds of acceleration. When accelerated students were compared to older classmates ...
Avian Community Response to Grazing Intensity on Monoculture and Mixed Florida Pastures

Abstract Monoculture and mixed pastures in Florida provide habitat for a variety of resident and migratory bird species. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of grazing on vegetation structure and bird species richness and abundance in grazed monoculture and mixed pastures. Study pasture units were subject to four cattle grazing intensities: 0 = nongrazed (control), 15 = low, 20 = medium, or 35 = high animal units (AU) per pasture unit (no cattle, 1.3, 1.0, and 0.6 ha · AU −1 , on monoculture pastures and no cattle, 2.1, 1.6, and 0.9 ha · AU −1 , on mixed pastures). Monoculture pastures displayed a greater decrease in spatial heterogeneity of the vegetative community in the presence of grazing than mixed pastures. An increase in grazing intensity led to declines in total avian species richness and abundance and species richness within short-distance migrant, neotropical migrant, and permanent resident guilds on monoculture pastures. Declines in total species richness and abundance and neotropical migrant guild species richness and abundance were observed on mixed pastures subject to increasing grazing intensity. However, species richness within short-distance migrant and urban guilds and abundance within the grassland guild increased on this pasture type in the presence of grazing. Loss of spatial heterogeneity typically results in a lack of suitable habitat for birds that occupy the extremes of the vegetation structure gradient. This can lead to a loss of species richness and abundance. For the majority of avian guilds, a low grazing intensity of 1.3 ha · AU −1 and 2.1 ha · AU −1 on monoculture and mixed pasture, respectively, is recommended to maintain abundance. However, these grazing intensities may result in declines in species richness. Ultimately, if a range of avian species are to be supported on monoculture and mixed pastures, spatial heterogeneity of plant structure and composition must be maintained.
The Role of Hydrophobic Chains in Self-Assembly at Electrified Interfaces: Observation of Potential-Induced Transformations of Two-Dimensional Crystals of Hexadecane by In-situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Insoluble alkanes have been observed by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to form ordered monolayers at the Au(111)/0.1 M HClO4 solution interface. Hexadecane molecules self-assemble into ordered layers that are stable over the potential range from 0.15 VSCE to 0.55 VSCE, on both reconstructed and unreconstructed Au(111) surfaces under electrochemical control. The hexadecane molecules appear as 2.2 nm long and 0.45 nm wide rods, suggesting an extended conformation. STM images show that a reversible order−disorder transition can be induced by moving the electrode potential positive or negative of the stable potential region (0.15 VSCE to 0.55 VSCE). The hexadecane molecules aggregate immediately after lifting of the surface reconstruction by a positive potential step to 0.65 VSCE. Reversible disappearance of the ordered alkane structure is also observed when the potential is stepped below 0.15 VSCE. The molecules resume an ordered lamellar structure upon return of the substrate to the sta...
Removal of the entrapped basketed ureteral calculus: a novel technique.

Ureteroscopic stone manipulation by basketing or intracorporeal lithotripsy is a common treatment for ureteral calculi. Success rates greater than 90% should be expected for treating distal ureteral stones. However, a basketed stone entrapped in the ureter during ureteroscopy can be anxiety provoking, even for the experienced endoscopist. Entrapped stones that are too large to remove are usually treated by disassembling the basket and performing ureteroscopic lithotripsy adjacent to the disassembled basket. We report a novel technique that allows intracorporeal lithotripsy of the entrapped basketed stone without requiring basket disassembly. This technique is useful to treat entrapped stones and may also prevent proximal migration of ureteral calculi during intracorporeal lithotripsy. CASE REPORT L. M., a 32-year-old woman, presented with recurrent right renal colic 6 months in duration. Excretory urography revealed a 8 3 15 mm. 2 impacted distal right ureteral stone, which was confirmed by distal ureteroscopy with a 6.9Fr semirigid ureteroscope. Holmium laser lithotripsy with a 365 m. fiber was performed at settings of 1.0 J. per pulse and 10 Hz. After approximately half of the stone had been comminuted, a 3Fr nitinol basket was used to entrap the stone. Attempts at removing the basket containing the stone were unsuccessful due to the relatively large remaining stone fragment. We continued with intraureteral lithotripsy without disassembling the basket, leaving the ureteroscope in place. The ureteroscope had 3Fr and 2Fr working channels. The 3Fr port was occupied by the nitinol basket containing the stone fragment. Placement of an iris valve on the 2Fr port allowed reinsertion of the 365 m. laser fiber and simultaneous irrigation (see figure). This setup allowed intraureteral lithotripsy of the basketed fragment without basket disassembly or removal and reinsertion of the ureteroscope. The stone fragment in the basket was comminuted until the basket could be removed. The basket was used to remove residual fragments. Because of the degree of ureteral edema and narrowing from stone impaction, a 4.8Fr Double-J* stent was placed and removed 2 weeks later. Convalescence was uneventful. DISCUSSION
Self-Adjusting Trust and Selection for Web Services

Service-oriented architectures enable services to be dynamically selected and integrated at runtime, thus enabling system flexibility and adaptiveness - autonomic attributes that are key for modern business needs. However, current techniques provide no support for actually making rational selections, which are key to accomplishing autonomic behavior. We develop a multiagent framework based on an ontology for QoS and a new model of trust. The agents form an ecosystem in which they help each other select services best matching their preferences. We evaluate by simulation the agents' effectiveness in maintaining self-adjusting trust
Contested Terrain of the Global Fisheries: “Dolphin‐Safe” Tuna, The Panama Declaration, and the Marine Stewardship Council1

ABSTRACT The globalization of socio-economic relations is a central topic of discussion in both the general literature on economy and society and in the area of food and agriculture. Many maintain that we are in a transition from one era, termed Fordism, to another, called Global Post-Fordism. We use the case of two fisheries eco-labeling programs to inform discussions regarding the emergence of stabilizing socio-economic mechanisms in the Global Post-Fordist era. We argue that recent developments in the tuna-dolphin case, the first major experiment with eco-labeling in the fisheries industries, combined with the Marine Stewardship Council, an initiative designed to regulate and certify a system of global “sustainable fisheries” through an eco-labeling program, provide valuable insights into the ideological and organizational structure of salient global actors in the Post-Fordist era. The discussion addresses (1) the contested terrain within the “North” and between the “North” and the “South” regarding eco-legislation to regulate the global fisheries; (2) the fracturing of the environmental movement into “mainstream” and “grassroots” camps and the resulting inability to maintain a coordinated agenda to counter the globalization project; and (3) the emergence of new forms of supranational state-like regulatory mechanisms that combine science with free trade and environmental ideals and propose to resolve the global fisheries crises by providing sustainable socio-economic coordination. We conclude that the emergence of these supra-national state-like NGOs raises important implications for the sovereignty of nation-states and democratic action on the part of subordinate groups opposed to the globalization project.
Vibro-acoustic computation of irregular cavities using a combined analytical-finite element approach with application to vehicle interior acoustics

A combined analytical-finite element approach is developed for more accurate representation and time efficient calculation of the acoustic frequency response function (AFRF) of a three-dimensional vehicle cavity with planar irregularities. In the proposed approach, finite element method is only used for determining modal properties of the two-dimensional irregular shape, while the analytical terms provide the modal properties of the overall three-dimensional volume. Modal superposition method is then applied to compute AFRF for panel excitations at critical suspension attachment locations. Results show that the proposed approach out-performs the direct finite element method in terms of computational time efficiency. Moreover, the AFRF obtained using direct finite element method with finer mesh converges to that predicted by the combined analytical-finite element approach. Analysis also reveals that although the irregularities increase the number of cavity modes coupled with structural panel modes, AFRF may have lower magnitude than that of the simpler rectangular cavity model.
Cognitive Maps of Three Latin American Policy Makers

Cognitive maps are representations of the causal beliefs or assertions of a specific individual. Maps of three Latin American policy makers (Carlos Andres Perez, Roberto de Oliveira Campos, and Aurelio de Lyra Tavares) suggest new hypotheses and ways of comparing maps across individuals: (i) individuals with broader political responsibility may have more complicated maps with respect to numbers of goals and policies, but less complicated maps with respect to linkages between policies and goals, than individuals with narrower responsibility; (2) maps of different individuals can and should be compared with respect to the degree to which they make (or fail to make) distinctions among related concepts; and (3) maps can be used to predict the future policies of individuals, and should be used in this way to test the theoretical potential of the approach.
Blue-Collar and White-Collar Marital Interaction and Communication Orientation

In light of a literature review identifying severe difficulties of interpretation attaching to previous prominent work on blue-collar marriages and on unhappy marriages, the present paper advances some new approaches to these relationships. The study assessed the effects of marital happiness (happy, unhappy), occupational status (blue-collar, white-collar), and communication orientation (high, low), on the frequency of negative affect and negative affect reciprocity during problem-solving in the home, without any observers present. The results indicated that the overall frequency of negative affect was influenced by marital happiness for both husbands and wives, occupational status for husbands, and the interaction of marital happiness with occupational status for wives; negative affect reciprocity was influenced only by marital happiness and not occupational status; and the empirical relationship between negative affect reciprocity and marital happiness was stronger for high communication oriented couple...
Skeletal muscle gene expression after myostatin knockout in mature mice

There is much interest in developing anti-myostatin agents to reverse or prevent muscle atrophy in adults, so it is important to characterize the effects of reducing myostatin activity after normal...
SUSPENDED MATTER IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO1

Analyses of about 200 surface water samples collected during late fall 1966 show that concentrations of suspended matter greater than 1 mg/liter were rcstrictcd to within a few kilometers off Florida, but extended more than 100 km off L,ouisiana and Texas. Suspensates from areas farther than 100 km from shore contained mainly combustible organic matter, part of which was attributable to living plankton. Organic aggregates encompassing appreciable amounts of inorganic detritus were particularly noteworthy in transitional careas. Zooplankton metabolism and fecal pellet production appears to be a geologically significant mechanism for depositing fine suspended matter and may contribute to the zonation of bottom sediments. The mineral composition of surface suspensates ranges from a low magnesian calcitearagonite suite off Florida to montmorillonite-kaolinite combinations from Alabama to Texas. The mineral composition of the suspensatcs resembles that of the bottom sediments in each area.
Growth characteristics of a vertical rotating-disk OMVPE reactor

Abstract Growth of GaAs/AlGaAs epilayers and finite-element calculations of steady-state momentum, heat, and mass balances have been used to characterize a vertical rotating-disk OMVPE reactor operating at reduced pressure (0.2 atm). Recirculation-free gas flow is predicted for typical operating conditions. Calculations of thickness and compositional uniformity are in good agreement with experimental results. Thickness uniformity of 1% and compositional uniformity of ±0.0003 for AlxGa1−xAs, x = 0.2927, have b obtained for epilayers grown on 5 cm diameter substrates.
Marlin: A Fine Grained Randomization Approach to Defend against ROP Attacks

Code-reuse attacks, such as return-oriented programming (ROP), bypass defenses against code injection by repurposing existing executable code toward a malicious end. A common feature of these attacks is the reliance on the knowledge of the layout of the executable code. We propose a fine grained randomization based approach that modifies the layout of executable code and hinders code-reuse attack. Our solution, Marlin, randomizes the internal structure of the executable code, thereby denying the attacker the necessary a priori knowledge of instruction addresses for constructing the desired exploit payload. Our approach can be applied to any ELF binary and every execution of this binary uses a different randomization. Our work shows that such an approach is feasible and significantly increases the level of security against code-reuse based attacks.
Resonance assignments and secondary structure analysis of E. coli thioredoxin by magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

De novo site-specific 13C and 15N backbone and sidechain resonance assignments are presented for uniformly enriched E. coli thioredoxin, established using two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear so...
Emergence delirium: a re-emerging interest

Emergence delirium (ED), also referred to in the literature as emergence agitation (EA) or post-anesthetic excitement, is a well-documented phenomenon occurring in children and adults in the immediate postoperative period and lasting 5-15 minutes. Emergence delirium is a clinical condition in which patients are “awake” but experience alterations in disorientation and other mental status changes that range from confusion and lethargy to violent and harmful behavior. First addressed on a large scale in the 1960s, ED continues to gain recognition among anesthesiologists who have begun to document the potential pharmacological association and other pre-morbid predictors that increase the risk of developing ED. Investigators have attempted to define ED, validate appropriate assessment tools, distinguish potential risk factors, and identify acute management. The current paper reviews ED and explores theoretical subtypes of ED with and without pain/agitation for clinical assessment.
Giant oil companies and dynamic capabilities approach: How much “peak oil” and “global warming” make them dynamic?

After a century of huge demand for products and inexpensive crude oil supply for the giant oil companies (Royal Dutch Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, Chevron, TOTAL), environment started become more and more challenging for them. Role of some factors are more and more critical in the future of oil industry as whole and these companies as well. The oil would not be that much cheap anymore and GHG emission has become the biggest question oil companies have to address. Also the increasing rate of fuel consumption worldwide is a motivation to develop the new technologies deploying alternative sources of energies. If the nightmare of “Peak Oil” in this decade be added to the problem, the situation would be super challenging for these big companies. So could it be the start of an alarm situation for these big companies, after about a century in convenience for them? What would be the strategy and path they would pick then. In this paper, strategies of these companies- referred as the Giants - towards mentioned challenges, in the past, present and future will be analyzed using the dynamic capability theory as the framework. Shell and Total seems to be more proactive in reconfiguring new capabilities and ExxonMobil and chevron see the environment less challenging and seems to be more conservative. PB has a position somewhere in the middle. The roots for such a strategic perspective will be briefly described.
Using loop invariants to fight soft errors in data caches

Ever scaling process technology makes embedded systems more vulnerable to soft errors than in the past. One of the generic methods used to fight soft errors is based on duplicating instructions either in the spatial or temporal domain and then comparing the results to see whether they are different. This full duplication based scheme, though effective, is very expensive in terms of performance, power, and memory space. In this paper, we propose an alternate scheme based on loop invariants and present experimental results which show that our approach catches 62% of the errors caught by full duplication, when averaged over all benchmarks tested. In addition, it reduces the execution cycles and memory demand of the full duplication strategy by 80% and 4%, respectively.
Lubricated Friction of Rubber Discussion

Abstract The authors have presented a comprehensive and timely review of the likely friction mechanisms of rubber, sliding on lubricated surfaces. They have also advanced several new ideas which should stimulate workers in the field and which might affect the, selection of rubber sliders and test tires for routine pavement friction testers. Since their introductory paper summarizes the principal data and thoughts, presented in papers II to VII, the discussion refers, with one exception, to paper I only. I would like to particularly touch upon : (a) The significance of skidding accident data in their various forms of presentation. (b) Minimum required friction levels to prevent skidding during all “normal” vehicle maneuvers. (c) Friction transients of pavement surfaces at the onset of rain. (d) The existence or nonexistence of adhesion and the relative frictional contribution made by abrasion. (e) The relative merits of portable devices and skid trailers, intended for routine operation in the field.
Performance Testing of Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Helium Screw Compressors

Oil injected screw compressors have essentially superseded all other types of compressors in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, reliability, minimal vibration, and capability of handling helium's high heat of compression. At the present state of compressor system designs for helium refrigeration systems, typically two-thirds of the lost input power is due to the compression system. It is important to understand the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies of these machines to help properly design the compression system to match the refrigeration process. It is also important to identify those primary compressor skid exergetic loss mechanisms which may be reduced, thereby offering the possibility of significantly reducing the input power to helium refrigeration processes which are extremely energy intensive. This paper summarizes the results collected during the commissioning of the new compressor system for Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) 12 GeV upgrade. The compressor skid packages were designed by JLab and built to print by industry. They incorporate a number of modifications not typical of helium screw compressor packages and most importantly allow a very wide range of operation so that JLab's patented Floating Pressure Process can be fully utilized. This paper also summarizes key features of the skid design that allow this process and facilitate the maintenance and reliability of these helium compressor systems.
Optical coherence tomography based microangiography: A tool good for dermatology applications (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) based microangiography (OMAG) is a new imaging technique enabling the visualization of blood flow within microcirculatory tissue beds in vivo with high resolution. In this talk, the concept and advantages of OMAG will be discussed and its potential clinical applications in the dermatology will be shown, demonstrating its usefulness in the clinical monitoring and therapeutic treatment of various skin pathologies, e.g. acne, port wine stain and wound healing.
Understanding Ion Binding Affinity and Selectivity in β-Parvalbumin Using Molecular Dynamics and Mean Spherical Approximation Theory.

Parvalbumin (PV) is a globular calcium (Ca2+)-selective protein expressed in a variety of biological tissues. Our computational studies of the rat β-parvalbumin (β-PV) isoform seek to elucidate the molecular thermodynamics of Ca2+ versus magnesium (Mg2+) binding at the protein’s two EF-hand motifs. Specifically, we have utilized molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and a mean-field electrolyte model (mean spherical approximation (MSA) theory) to delineate how the EF-hand scaffold controls the “local” thermodynamics of Ca2+ binding selectivity over Mg2+. Our MD simulations provide the probability density of metal-chelating oxygens within the EF-hand scaffolds for both Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well the conformational strain induced by Mg2+ relative to Ca2+ binding. MSA theory utilizes the binding domain oxygen and charge distributions to predict the chemical potential of ion binding, as well as their corresponding concentrations within the binding domain. We find that the electrostatic and steric contributions towa...
The Limits of Heteronormative Sexual Scripting: College Student Development of Individual Sexual Scripts and Descriptions of Lesbian Sexual Behavior

Simon and Gagnon’s sexual script theory identifies multi-tiered influences which shape individual ideas about sexual relationships. The cultural celebration of heterosexuality as the accepted standard dominates major social institutions, and permeates cultural sexual messages. The reception of these heteronormative messages influences the formation of individualized sexual scripts; however, how individuals apply these individualized scripts to understanding the sexual lives of others is little understood. More specifically, what are the effects of heteronormative sexual scripting for imagining a sexual scenario not marked by a male-female partnership? This study asked a sample of heterosexual, bisexual and non-identified college students at a four-year private institution in the northeastern United States to define lesbian sex. Results suggest the influence of culturally heteronormative sexual messages for orienting one’s initial understanding of what sex is, though participants described various levels of acceptance, rejection and/or revision of these messages as they formed their own scripts. However, when asked to define lesbian sex, participants drew from the more rigid heteronormative cultural script to form their definitions. The association of lesbian sex with vaginal penetration by a phallic substitute, such as a dildo, affirmed the overarching influence of the heterosexual, male-centric sexual standard for shaping the individual sexual imaginary.
Elastic Properties Measured under Hydrostatic Pressure in the Diamond-Anvil Cell by X-Ray Diffraction and Brillouin Scattering

Two portions of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used to measure the elastic behavior of solids under hydrostatic pressure in the diamond-anvil cell, namely, x-rays and visible. X-ray diffraction of samples while they are held under pressure has been in use for about 15 years for the purpose of measuring bulk modulus and its pressure derivatives. In most of those studies, solid pressure-transmitting media were used even though it was understood that the use of solid media must introduce some error. In this paper we compare the results obtained in solid medium with those obtained in liquid medium and discuss the causes of the observed differences.
Hierarchies of Rights Claims

Makers and interpreters of international law have, at various times, sought to adjudicate among competing valid human rights claims by trying to establish a definitive hierarchy among those rights values. The hope is that an agreement upon a static ranking of human rights in order of importance will provide an objective tool for solving future conflicts. Despite growing bodies of legislation, no such hierarchy has been created. This chapter will show that principles internal to human rights law effectively prevent any such ranking. While this may be to the good, preventing an inflexible ladder of value and importance between actual rights norms, it is also the case that some contests between the right to free expression of religion and to discreet rights issues will remain unresolvable. Furthermore, the vagueness, imprecision, and indecisiveness of the language of human rights legislation leaves so many loopholes of interpretation that discriminatory religious practices are able to remain unaddressed. In its legal manifestations, then, the human rights construct is frequently unhelpful in ensuring the human rights of religious women because of its compromised effectiveness. As a result, attempts to resolve some conflicts with heavy reliance on greater implementation of existing human rights law are ill-advised.
An Investigation of the Reliability and Self-Regulatory Correlates of Conflict Adaptation

Abstract. The study of the conflict-adaptation effect, in which encountering information-processing conflict attenuates the disruptive influence of information-processing conflicts encountered subsequently, is a burgeoning area of research. The present study investigated associations among performance measures on a Stroop-trajectory task (measuring Stroop interference and conflict adaptation), on a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST; measuring cognitive flexibility), and on self-reported measures of self-regulation (including impulsivity and tenacity). We found significant reliability of the conflict-adaptation effects across a two-week period, for response-time and accuracy. Variability in conflict adaptation was not associated significantly with any indicators of performance on the WCST or with most of the self-reported self-regulation measures. There was substantial covariance between Stroop interference for accuracy and conflict adaptation for accuracy. The lack of evidence of covariance across distinc...
The Gaussian CEO problem for a scalar source with memory: A necessary condition

In wireless sensor networks, many monitoring problems can be cast in the form of distributed data collection and centralized data fusion. If the data links from the sensor nodes to the fusion center have limited capacity, there is a tradeoff between estimation precision and transmission rate. This kind of decentralized estimation system is equivalent to the so-called indirect multiterminal source coding problem, and the Berger-Tung inner bound is the best known achievable rate region boundary. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the Berger-Tung achievable sum rate for a Gaussian scalar source with arbitrary memory, and we find an analytic necessary condition which the solution to the sum rate problem must satisfy. First, we describe the system model and discuss how the arbitrary memory problem can be tackled by utilizing known results for the vector central estimation officer (CEO) problem. Then we formulate the sum rate calculation as a variational calculus problem with a distortion constraint, and show how to find the necessary condition. Based on our analytic form of the condition, we discuss how to compute the rate-distortion curve and an example is given. We also note that the solution is compatible with previous findings in rate distortion theory, which supports the validity of the necessary condition.
Perioperative management of the thoracotomy patient

The perioperative management of the thoracotomy patient must be both specific and flexible. The assessment of preoperative information yields information as to operability and resectability. Once anesthesia is administered for operative procedures, however, techniques and methods must be changed to accommodate additional information obtained during the surgical procedure. The preoperative and intraoperative management is focused on improving pulmonary function during the postoperative period and improving outcome. Significant advances in pain management techniques have evolved within the last 10 to 15 years. Relieving the intense pain associated with a thoracotomy incision not only improves patient well-being, but improves breathing patterns and pulmonary function, resulting in a more comfortable and ambulatory patient. Epidural analgesia, intrathecal analgesia, intrapleural installation of local anesthetics, and PCA are but a few of the techniques that enhance the therapeutic armamentarium and improve the postoperative course. Inasmuch as surgical extirpation of lung cancers remains the best hope of survival for many patients, a detailed and aggressive management plan is necessary to achieve the desired result.
Demography, Community, and the Education of Asian American and Pacific Islander Students

Unlike other minority populations in the United States, the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) student population is often considered an educational success story, and has led to the idea that they are a population that does not need attention in research and policy. This article demonstrates that an understanding of the AAPI educational experience requires a contextual examination of the population, including the demographic and social conditions through which AAPI students navigate the educational pipeline. Results indicate that the AAPI educational experience is actually a conglomeration of varied experiences, opportunities, and outcomes driven by a wide distribution of demographic characteristics with regard to national origin, ethnicity, immigration histories, social class, and cultural differences. In fact, there are more differences between groups than similarities, which needs to be recognized by researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.
SightLine: Building on the Web's Visualization Ecosystem

The advancement of tools for web designers and developers have transformed the internet into a vibrant ecosystem for data visualization and analysis. However, even when there are hundreds of visualizations exploring the same topic, they are often viewed in isolation with no mechanism to navigate between them. We built SightLine - a web portal that passively collects and organizes visualizations - to explore the design space of the web's scattered visualization ecosystem. By preserving the context of each visualization visit, we enable personal provenance through a "visualization history, discovery and exploration through trending visualizations, and targeted search by querying SightLine's extensive metadata collected for each visualization.
On one embedding of Heyting algebras

The paper is devoted to an algebraic interpretation of Kuznetsov's theorem which establishes the assertoric equipollence of intuitionistic and proof-intuitionistic propositional calculi. Given a Heyting algebra, we define an enrichable Heyting algebra, in which the former algebra is embedded. Moreover, we show that both algebras generate one and the same variety of Heyting algebras. This algebraic result is equivalent to the Kuznetsov theorem. The proposed construction of the enrichable `counterpart' of a given Heyting algebra allows one to observe that some properties of the original algebra are preserved by this embedding in the counterpart algebra.
Geophysical Methods for the Assessment of Earthen Dams

Dams and levees are an integral part of the fluvial system in watersheds. The structural integrity of this infrastructure is of concern to the nation and to those directly impacted should failure occur. There are some 88,000 dams and 110,000 miles of levees in the USA. Many of those are earthen embankments and structures subject to failure by seepage and overtopping especially under extreme conditions of rainfall, runoff from contributing source areas, and snowmelt. They require routine inspection and the availability of technologies to assess their stability and safety conditions. This chapter discusses in a comprehensive manner the various geophysical and geotechnical techniques, and related technologies that are capable of rapidly assessing the integrity and stability of dams and levees. This chapter also discusses the underlying principles of these techniques. Finally, it presents case studies in which these techniques were used.
Social correlates of youth suicide rates in the United States.

The 1980 suicide rate of youths in the United States were found to be associated with three clusters of social variables: social integration, the age structure, and race/region. These associations also were found for older groups, suggesting similarities in the impact of social variables on regional suicide rates. Language: en
Der Rosetta-Stein der Mathematik

Wahrend des Zweiten Weltkriegs, genauer im Jahr 1940, war Andre Weil in Frankreich im Gefangnis, weil er sich geweigert hatte, in der Armee zu dienen. Die Zeitschrift The Economist schrieb spater in ihrem Nachruf dazu: „[Weil] war tief erschuttert ... uber den Schaden, den der Erste Weltkrieg der Mathematik in Frankreich zugefugt hatte, als „falsche Vorstellungen von Gleichheit in Bezug auf die Opfer“ zur Vernichtung der jungen wissenschaftlichen Elite dieses Landes fuhrte. Unter diesem Eindruck hielt er es fur seine Pflicht, nicht nur sich selbst gegenuber, sondern auch gegenuber der Zivilisation, sein Leben der Mathematik zu widmen. Er war der Uberzeugung, es sei eine Sunde, sich von diesem Thema abbringen zu lassen. Als man ihm entgegenhielt „wenn sich alle so verhalten wurden ...“ antwortete er, dass ihm diese Moglichkeit derart unplausibel erschien, dass er sich nicht genotigt fuhlte, sie zu berucksichtigen.“
Postneoadjuvant adjuvant chemotherapy in resected N1 non-small cell lung cancer with residual nodal disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nodal positivity following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered a poor prognostic sign, but little data are available on the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in these cases. This analysis sought to determine whether adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with increased survival in NSCLC patients with residual N1 disease at resection. METHODS Patients from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) with cN1T1-2M0 NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and definitive resection between 2006 and 2012 were identified. Treatment groups were defined as those receiving no additional therapy or adjuvant chemotherapy ± radiation after resection. Five-year overall survival (OS) was estimated for each group. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios adjusting for demographic, clinical, and facility characteristics. RESULTS Among 90 eligible patients, 5-year OS was 43% and 56% for patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and no additional treatment, respectively (P < 0.56). With multivariable analysis, the estimated hazard ratio was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.61-2.64, P = 0.51) for adjuvant chemotherapy compared to no additional therapy. CONCLUSION This analysis suggests that adjuvant chemotherapy is not associated with increased survival in NSCLC patients with pathologic N1 NSCLC following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection.
Scanning two-photon continuous flow lithography for synthesis of high-resolution 3D microparticles

Demand continues to rise for custom-fabricated and engineered colloidal microparticles across a breadth of application areas. This paper demonstrates an improvement in the fabrication rate of high-resolution 3D colloidal particles by using two-photon scanning lithography within a microfluidic channel. To accomplish this, we present (1) an experimental setup that supports fast, 3D scanning by synchronizing a galvanometer, piezoelectric stage, and an acousto-optic switch, and (2) a new technique for modifying the laser’s scan path to compensate for the relative motion of the rapidly-flowing photopolymer medium. The result is an instrument that allows for rapid conveyor-belt-like fabrication of colloidal objects with arbitrary 3D shapes and micron-resolution features.
Nodules in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid nodules (RN) are common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Approximately one-quarter of RA patients will have them. They are one of seven diagnostic criteria for RA. They typically appear over bony prominences and joints such as the elbows and Achilles tendon. They are firm, subcutaneous, flesh-colored nodules that may grow to 1 cm in size or larger. They are usually non-tender. They are most often diagnosed clinically on exam and a biopsy is not necessary. They may occur in unusual locations such as the lungs and CNS. The differential diagnosis for RN includes acute rheumatic fever nodules, calcinosis, tophi, xanthomas, subcutaneous granuloma annulare, Gottron’s papules of dermatomyositis, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. Some SLE patients will develop RN. Less commonly, smaller, more papular lesions in a similar distribution in SLE and RA patient may have palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD). Treatment of RN is the same as treatment of RA, but sometimes the RN may fail to respond. When confronted with an atypical nodule, a biopsy may be helpful. A biopsy of rheumatoid nodules demonstrates a palisaded granulomatous pattern with fibrosis and fibrin in the centers of palisaded zones. Some nodules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disease may display features of palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis.
Methods and interpretation of performance studies for dental implants

Abstract: This chapter proposes a methodological approach to investigate the biological performance of dental implants. The rationale for the decision on animal and experimental models is discussed. The general structure of an animal trial protocol coupled with essential guidelines on organizational issues is given. The related portfolio of convergent analytic methods and the manner to implement them is proposed.
Impacts of Match 2011 Earthquake, Tsunami and Fukushima Nuclear Accident in Japan

On March 11, 2011 the strongest recorded in Japan earthquake occurred which triggered a powerful tsunami and caused a nuclear accident in the Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Plant Station. The triple 2011 disaster has had immense impacts on people life, health and property, social infrastructure and economy, agri-food chains, natural and institutional environment, etc. in North-eastern Japan and beyond. Due to the scale of the disasters and the number of affected agents, the effects’ multiplicities, spillovers, and long time horizon, the constant evolution of the nuclear crisis, the lack of “full” information and models of analysis, etc. the overall impacts of the 2011 disasters is far from being completely evaluated. Besides most information and publications are in Japanese. The goal of this paper is to assess the socio-economic and environmental impact of Match 2011 earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. Firstly, a short description of the three events is presented. Next, the overall impacts on population, health and displacement assessed. Third, the effects of economy are evaluated. After that, diverse impacts on agri-food chains are presented. Finally, the impact on natural environment is assessed. A wide range of official governmental, farmers, industry and international organisations, and Tokyo Electric Power Company data as well as information from publications in media, research and experts reports, etc. have been extensively used.
Muscle Relaxant Use Among Hemodialysis Patients: Prevalence, Clinical Indications, and Adverse Outcomes

Rationale & Objective Muscle relaxants are often used to treat musculoskeletal pain or cramping, which are commonly experienced by hemodialysis patients. However, the extent to which muscle relaxants are prescribed in this population and the risks associated with their use have not been characterized. Study Design Observational cohort study. Setting & Participants 140,899 Medicare-covered adults receiving hemodialysis in 2011, identified in the US Renal Data System. Exposure Time-varying muscle relaxant exposure. Outcomes Primary outcomes were time to first emergency department visit or hospitalization for altered mental status, fall, or fracture. Secondary outcomes were death and composites of death with each of the primary outcomes. Analytical Approach Multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results 10% of patients received muscle relaxants in 2011. 11%, 6%, 3%, and 13% had an episode of altered mental status, fall, fracture, and death, respectively. Muscle relaxant use was associated with higher risk for altered mental status (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29-1.51) and fall (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.33) compared to no use. Muscle relaxant use was not statistically significantly associated with higher risk for fracture (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.98-1.39). Muscle relaxant use was associated with lower hazard of death (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94). However, hazards were higher for altered mental status or death (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.25), fall or death (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22), and fracture or death (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20). Limitations A causal association between muscle relaxant use and outcomes cannot be inferred, and residual confounding cannot be excluded. Exposure and outcomes were ascertained using administrative claims. Conclusions Muscle relaxant use was common in hemodialysis patients and associated with altered mental status and falls. We could not rule out a clinically meaningful association between muscle relaxant use and fracture. The lower risk for death with muscle relaxants may have been the result of residual confounding. Future research to define the appropriate use of muscle relaxants in this population is warranted.
Introduction: A Developmental Systems Perspective on Children and Prejudice

The authors draw attention to the effects and influences of prejudice, discrimination, and inequity, as well as other critical contexts (implicit bias, explicit racism, post-immigration processes, social policies, parenting, and media influences), on the development of children, with particular emphasis on children of color and children managing social interpersonal prejudice and searching to establish their sexual identities. The expanding social, economic, and racial inequities in American society are linked to increases in negative outcomes for children via exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), sometimes referred to as toxic stress. ACEs usually encompass such areas as low income, separation/divorce, family alcohol/drug problems, family mental illness, exposure to neighborhood violence, exposure to domestic violence, parental incarceration, and parent loss through death. While developmental scientists may have disagreements about developmental processes contributing to the organization of problem behavior, few contest the hypothesis that the origins are rooted in the prenatal-to-5 age period, sustained through childhood, and fully expressed often by the end of adolescence. Moreover, because development is now firmly viewed as dynamic and synergistically reflective of the organization of the individual in her/his environmental context, a deeper understanding of the need for more specialized education and support programs as well as evidence-based prevention and intervention programs is emerging.
Enhanced DNA binding affinity of RecA protein from Deinococcus radiodurans

Deinococcus radiodurans (Dr) has a significantly more robust DNA repair response than Escherichia coli (Ec), which helps it survive extremely high doses of ionizing radiation and prolonged periods of desiccation. DrRecA protein plays an essential part in this DNA repair capability. In this study we directly compare the binding of DrRecA and EcRecA to the same set of short, defined single (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA oligomers. In the absence of cofactors (ATPγS or ADP), DrRecA binds to dsDNA oligomers more than 20 fold tighter than EcRecA, and binds ssDNA up to 9 fold tighter. Binding to dsDNA oligomers in the absence of cofactor presumably predominantly monitors DNA end binding, and thus suggests a significantly higher affinity of DrRecA for ds breaks. Upon addition of ATPγS, this species-specific affinity difference is nearly abolished, as ATPγS significantly decreases the affinity of DrRecA for DNA. Other findings include that: (1) both proteins exhibit a dependence of binding affinity on the length of the ssDNA oligomer, but not the dsDNA oligomer; (2) the salt dependence of binding is modest for both species of RecA, and (3) in the absence of DNA, DrRecA produces significantly shorter and/or fewer free-filaments in solution than does EcRecA. The results suggest intrinsic biothermodynamic properties of DrRecA contribute directly to the more robust DNA repair capabilities of D. radiodurans.