cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Connecting Art, Learning, and Creativity: A Case for Curriculum Integration

The author argues that ‘substantive’ art integration harmonizes with contemporary postmodern thought in art education and represents a strategy for teaching art in a postmodern way. Bringing together theories from cognitive science and metaphor theory (specifically connection and projection), the author shows how substantive integration promotes learning and creativity. Images that connect art and science are given as examples of substantive integration in postmodern art that reveal mental processes and create meaning and insight through conceptual ‘collage.’ These images help teachers and students understand the conceptual basis for much postmodern art and give educators clues to cognition and creative processes that can guide, deepen, and update practice in artmaking and in teaching.
Planning for more sustainable urban development

Abstract: As the activity that formulates and seeks to achieve community goals, planning is crucially important in order to bring about more sustainable metropolitan regions. Urban planning directs the physical development of cities, coordinates transportation systems and other infrastructure, and seeks to promote economic, environmental and social welfare. In recent years, cities have sought to integrate sustainability goals into their planning. Although such efforts are still in the early stages, planning offers a path toward a more sustainable metropolitan future.
Classroom Adaptation of Escherichia Coli Single Cell Model

Adaptation of a structured single cell model to use on MS DOS computer systems made this learning tool widely available. Adaptation involved creating screen displays, user interfaces and run time graphics in addition to the FORTRAN to BASIC translation. Some classroom uses for the simulation are suggested.
The Investigation of Sex Differences in the Effect of Body Mass Index

Although many researches regarding risk factors for hypertension have been reported, little information is known about the effect of BMI on the prevalence of hypertension considering sex differences. The aim of this study was to examine the sex difference in the prevalence of hypertension with the predicting indicator BMI. A total number of 6330 subjects in Shaanxi were examined using multivariable logistic regression to study the relationship between genders in different levels of BMI and prevalence of hypertension. Overall, females had a higher prevalence of hypertension than males, being 28.36% and 21.55%, respectively. The mean of blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension increased as BMI getting larger. The result of multivariable logistic regression showed that obese and overweight males had higher risk of getting hypertension than their female counterparts. Further prevention of hypertension should be focused on obese and overweight males more than females and examining the mechanism of how sex differences influence the prevalence of hypertension.
P207 Using Formative Research to Develop the HappyHealthy Social Marketing Campaign

Background Across the nation, SNAP-Ed direct nutritional education efforts have resulted in SNAP recipients making healthy dietary choices and food purchases, using safe food preparation skills, and increasing physical activity. To reinforce direct nutrition education efforts, SNAP-Ed implementing agencies use social marketing as a broad-based approach to nutrition education. The research described here was conducted to inform the development of a statewide social marketing campaign that targeted SNAP eligible families in Mississippi (MS). Objective Formative research was conducted to explore perceptions of healthy eating including triggers and barriers to healthy eating, to understand decision patterns when choosing food and shopping for food, and to assess types of nutrition information needed and sought. Study Design, Settings, and Participants In 2016, 127 low-resource mothers participated in 18 focus groups. Respondents were recruited via telephone from a list of MS SNAP benefits recipients. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Thematic analysis was conducted to determine the behavioral target(s) of social marketing messages; to identify products, services, and incentives to promote adoption of the behavioral targets; and to determine communication efforts to disseminate campaign messages and promotion. Results Increase physical activity, shop for healthy foods on a budget, prepare meals at home, and have pride in food and family were determined as target behaviors. Easy-to-make recipes and cooking items were identified as behavioral reinforcements. Preferred delivery channels included mass media (eg, television commercial), social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), and promotional media (e.g., educational incentive items). Conclusion Findings informed the HappyHealthy statewide social marketing campaign developed by the Mississippi State University Extension Service Office of Nutrition Education. Implementation of HappyHealthy began in 2018 and will continue throughout 2019. A description of the formative research process that resulted in this social marketing campaign could help educators in other states/locations who are interested in developing a social marketing campaign. Funding None.
A herpes type 1 skin infection in a newborn

This is a localised umbilical vesicular bullous eruption that evolved over four days in a newborn baby. The baby was 8 days old, afebrile with no neurological …
Surface topography assessment of body shape after surgical correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Body surface topography (ST) improvements are associated with surgical correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and correlate with radiographic imaging. Prospective observational study. Patients undergoing correction of AIS are most affected by body image. Radiographs have been the standard assessment tool but do not assess body shape features. ST, a validated, radiation-free assessment tool, directly represents the patient’s deformity. We set out to assess ST improvements associated with surgical correction in AIS. Twenty-three consecutive operative AIS patients were enrolled and had radiographs and posterior ST obtained pre- and postoperatively (PO). ST changes were compared using paired t test, and correlations of ST with radiograph measurements were evaluated by linear regression. Mean age at surgery was 15.0 ± 2 years, 82.6% female with mean follow-up of 1.0 year. Major Cobb angle improved from 56.91° ± 15.57° to 13.70° ± 4.89°. ST scoliosis angle corrected from 41.43° ± 11.52° to 11.78° ± 7.84° (p < .0001). Trunk length increased from 401.22 ± 32.43 to 422.30 ± 25.77 mm (Δ21.08 mm; p = .0004). Pelvic obliquity (waist asymmetry) trended toward improvement (6.0 ± 4.3 vs. 5.3 ± 7.1 mm; p = .06). Surface rotation was corrected from 17.35 ± 6.73 to 11.8 ± 4.12 mm (p < .0001), highly correlated with clinical trunk rotation (T p = .002 and TL p = .02). ST highly correlated with radiographic parameters. Sagittal balance correlated with improved function (p = .02). ST, a radiation-free body shape assessment tool, improved with surgical correction of AIS and was highly correlated with radiographic outcomes.
Vasconcelos as Screenwriter: Bolívar Remembered

To talk about Jose Vasconcelos’s 1939 screenplay Simon Bolivar (Interpretacion) (Simon Bolivar [An Interpretation]), we need to retrace a bit of history. As we touched upon in Chap. 1, Mexico was one of the hemispheric sites of the 1930 centenary celebration of Bolivar’s passing. The year marked a new beginning. For Pascual Ortiz Rubio, who was welcomed as the new president elect by the Pan American Union in Washington, DC, in late 1929, had won a landslide victory in an electoral process that had seen violence against Jose Vasconcelos’s campaigners and supporters, and balloting compromised by massive fraud, the first act of the political party Partido Nacional Revolucionario (PNR) established by Plutarco Elias Calles that in 1946 would rename itself the Partido Revolucionario Institutional (PRI).
Leveraging a Bayesian Network approach to model and analyze supplier vulnerability to severe weather risk: A case study of the U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain following Hurricane Maria

Abstract The United States government has identified the health care sector as part of the critical infrastructure for homeland security to protect citizens against health risks arising from terrorism, natural disasters, and epidemics. Citizens also have expectations about the role that health care plays in enjoying a good quality of life, by providing response systems to handle emergencies and other illness situations adequately. Among the systems required to support desired performance levels is a robust and resilient pharmaceutical supply chain that is free of disruption. Shortages of drugs place undue pressure on healthcare providers to devise alternative approaches to administer patient care. With climate change expected to result in increasingly severe weather patterns in the future, it is critical that logistics engineers understand the impact that a catastrophic weather event could have on supply chain disruption to facilitate the design of supply systems that are robust and resilient. This study investigates the main causal and intermediate events that led to risk propagation in, and disruption of, the U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain following Hurricane Maria. A causality Bayesian model is developed to depict linkages between risk events and quantify the associated cumulative risk. The quantification is further examined through different advanced techniques such as predictive inference reasoning and sensitivity analysis. The general interpretation of these analyses suggests that port resilience is imperative to pharmaceutical supply chain performance in the case of Puerto Rico.
3.11 – Molybdenum Enzymes

This chapter on molybdenum enzymes primarily focuses on recent advances in the knowledge base over the last decade regarding the inorganic chemistry of molybdenum enzymes, which include the large pyranopterin molybdenum enzyme class and molybdenum-containing nitrogenase. This is not a comprehensive coverage of relevant small model chemistry or the more biological aspects of molybdenum enzymes. Specifically, the scope of this chapter focuses on recent advances in our understanding of enzyme geometric structure, electronic structure, and the reaction coordinates of pyranopterin molybdenum enzymes and nitrogenase since ca.2000.
Interpreting Open-Domain Modifiers: Decomposition of Wikipedia Categories into Disambiguated Property-Value Pairs

This paper proposes an open-domain method for automatically annotating modifier constituents (20th-century') within Wikipedia categories (20th-century male writers) with properties (date of birth). The annotations offer a semantically-anchored understanding of the role of the constituents in defining the underlying meaning of the categories. In experiments over an evaluation set of Wikipedia categories, the proposed method annotates constituent modifiers as semantically-anchored properties, rather than as mere strings in a previous method. It does so at a better trade-off between precision and recall.
Seasonal and Spatial Variability in the Biogenic Production and Consumption of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Marine Plankton in the North Atlantic Ocean

Marine-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) influence global carbon cycling, atmospheric reactions, and climate. Yet, the biogenic production (sources) and consumption (sink) rates of marine VOCs are not well-constrained and are currently excluded from global chemical transport models. We directly measured the net biogenic production rates of seven VOCs (acetaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfide, isoprene, methanethiol, and methanol) in surface seawater during four field campaigns in the North Atlantic Ocean that targeted different stages of the phytoplankton annual cycle. All of the VOCs exhibited strong seasonal trends, with generally positive rates during May (peak spring bloom) and lower, sometimes negative rates (net consumption), during November and/or March (the winter bloom minimum transition). Strong latitudinal gradients were identified for most VOCs during May and September, with greater production observed in the northern regions compared to the southern regions. These gradients reflect the interplay between high phytoplankton and bacterial productivity. During the bloom transition stages (March and September), acetaldehyde and acetone exhibited net production rates that bracketed zero, suggesting that biogenic production was either very low or indicative of a tightly coupled system with more complex underlying microbial VOC cycling. Our data provides the first direct evidence for widespread biogenic acetonitrile production and consumption in the surface ocean and the first net biogenic production rates for methanethiol in natural seawater.
Effects of reading interventions implemented for upper elementary struggling readers: A look at recent research

In this study, we conducted a review of reading intervention research (1988-2019) for upper elementary struggling readers and examined intervention area (e.g., foundational, comprehension, or multicomponent) and intensity (e.g., hours of intervention, group size, and individualization) as possible moderators of effects. We located 33 studies containing 49 treatment-comparison contrasts, found small effects for foundational reading skills (g = 0.22) and comprehension (g = 0.21), and decreased effects when considering standardized measures only. For intervention area, only multicomponent interventions predicted significant effects for both comprehension and foundational outcomes. For intensity, we did not find systematic evidence that longer or individualized interventions were associated with larger effects. However, interventions implemented in very small groups predicted larger comprehension outcomes. Overall, more research examining the quality of school provided reading instruction and how the severity of reading difficulties may impact effects of more intensive interventions is needed.
Design and commissioning of a modular multi-stage two-evaporator transcritical CO2 test stand

Abstract As the adverse effects of global warming become increasingly apparent, the need for low-GWP solutions in the HVAC&R industry is its highest in decades. Alternative working fluids, including natural refrigerants such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and high efficiency systems are ways to mitigate the negative environmental impact of refrigeration systems. Researchers have focused on investigating several transcritical CO2 cycles for supermarket and transport applications. Yet, a systematic experimental comparison between multiple advanced cycle architectures is still lacking. To this end, a novel test stand capable of comparing two methods of expansion as well as open-economization at one or both evaporator pressure levels, allowing six cycle configurations that represent much of the state-of-the-art has been developed. Cycle designs, thermodynamic modeling for component sizing, and experimental validation of test stand operation and energy balances are discussed in-depth. Limitations and modifications to the test stand are discussed, as are next steps.
Strength In Numbers (of Words): Empirical Analysis of Preambles and Public Comments

The empirical observation of a four-decades-long trend towards longer and longer federal agency rulemakings laid the foundation for this series of studies and associated law review articles. The second in that series, this work will add necessary data, test important hypotheses, and draw new conclusions to guide policymakers. Any serious observer of the Federal Register recognizes that different sections of a rulemaking serve different purposes. And agencies have historically utilized one section in particular to insulate their rules from judicial vacation or remand – the “concise general statement of basis and purpose.” Thus, this new study will collect and analyze the word count data for this section in isolation, testing for correlations between longer statements and success in the courts. When confronted with the empirical trend of increasing Federal Register pages per rule over time, administrative law scholars invariably pointed to an explanation external to the rulemaking agency—the number of public comments. Legally, agencies must respond to significant comments in the preamble to the final rule, so logic dictates that more comments would lead to more Federal Register pages. Meanwhile in the real world, use of personal computers, access to the internet, and awareness of regulations.gov have all risen in parallel with rules getting longer and have all made commenting on rulemaking easier over time. The empirical picture would thus not be complete without examining the potential connection between the number of comments and the length of a rulemaking.
Aspects of Integration and Elements of Lie Groups

This chapter develops the Generalized Stokes’s Theorem (GST), which describes the integration of forms on manifolds and includes the integral theorems of vector calculus as special cases. In the context of the GST we also discuss the concepts of homotopy, simply connected spaces and the winding number, and connect these concepts to the Cauchy integral theorems of complex analysis. As a separate topic we introduce Lie groups in a manner consistent with their historical origin, namely, as groups which have characteristics of manifolds. We close by coming back full circle to the beginning of the text and presenting integral transforms as maps.
Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical analysis of a plutonyl phosphine oxide complex

The interplay of bond strength and covalency are examined in AnO2Cl2(OPcy3)2 (An = Pu, U) complexes. The synthesis of trans-PuO2Cl2(OPcy3)2, 1-Pu, has been carried out and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction along with UV-vis-NIR, and 31P NMR spectroscopies. Theoretical analysis finds that despite a higher calculated covalency for the Pu–Cl interaction, the Pu–OPcy3 interaction is stronger due to the accumulation of electron density in the interatomic region. The coordination of equatorial ligands slightly decreases the strength of the PuOyl interactions relative to the free gas phase (PuO2)2+ ion.
The Future of CAAD: From Computer-aided Design to Computer-aided Collaboration

The primary uses of computers in the construction industry have been shifting, over the past four decades, from the evaluation of proposed design solutions, to their graphical (and other) representation, and more recently to facilitating collaboration among the various professionals who are involved in the design process. The paper argues that what may appear to be shifts in emphasis actually represents convergence on a single, original goal: the use of computers to help designers assess the quality, desirability, and the implications of their creations. The paper shows how the formerly independent components can be joined into an integrated collaborative design environment, where they build upon and strengthen each other. Moreover, the paper argues that this convergence represents the future of CAAD research and development, providing the appropriate answer to the upcoming needs of the construction industry, whose products have become too complex and must abide by too many requirements for any one professional to handle all by himself. The paper argues that further improvements in the overall quality of the products, and the process of their design, will only accrue when the heretofore separate solutions are considered together, as integral parts of an overall solution. The paper describes the efforts that have been made by the CAD Research Group in Berkeley over the past six years in developing an integrated collaborative design environment that can facilitate multidisciplinary, a-synchronous design of buildings. The environment includes several semantically-rich, shared product representations, a network of distributed evaluators, and graphically-enhanced collaboration and negotiation tools.
Comprehensive quality assurance phantom for the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP)

Purpose To develop and test the suitability and performance of a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) phantom for the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP).
Recent Trends and Emerging Practices in Retailer Pricing

Profitability in retailer pricing has become a paramount concern. Retailers, especially, grocery retailers, are operating on razor-thin margins. On average, a supermarket’s margin is about one percent of net sales. A typical supermarket today is bigger than ever before, with several thousands of items – and, due to mergers and acquisitions, it is part of an even larger retail chain. Prices are set weekly on these items, so supermarkets are challenged to develop a coherent and profitable pricing strategy. Moreover, retailers receive trade allowances from manufacturers for promotional pricing. Pressured by competition and by consumers who have come to expect frequent price discounts, retailers have fallen into a price-promotion trap. Although only about 20 % of retail sales come from promotions, supermarkets devote about 80 % of their week managing them. The same retail pricing battle is being waged across department stores, convenience stores, and stores in other traditional retailing categories.
Alternative Forms of Judicial Review

The invention in the late twentieth century of what I call weak-form systems of judicial review provides us with the chance to see in a new light some traditional debates within U.S. constitutional law and theory, which are predicated on the fact that the United States has strong-form judicial review.1 Strongand weak-form systems operate on the level of constitutional design, in the sense that their characteristics are specified in constitutional documents or in deep-rooted constitutional traditions. After sketching the differences between strongand weak-form systems, I turn to design features that operate at the next lower level. Here legislatures or courts specify whether their enactments or decisions will receive strongor weak-form treatment. I examine examples of legislative allocations of issues to strongand weak-form review and identify some practical and conceptual problems with such allocations. Then I examine judicial allocations of the courts' own decisions to strongor weak-form categories. Here I consider Thayerian judicial review and what Professor Dan Coenen has called semisubstantive doctrines as exam-
Electrochemical activation parameters for surface-attached reactants: Evaluation of unimolecular frequency factors for representative ligand-bridged reactions

Abstract The temperature dependence of unimolecular rate constant are reported for the one-electron reduction of various Co(III) and Cr(III) reactants attached to mercury or silver surfaces via either thiocyanate or various thiophenecarboxylate ligands. Combining the “ideal” activation enthalpies obtained at a constant electrode potential using a non-isothermal cell arrangement with the corresponding activation entropies estimated from reaction entropy data enables values of the unimolecular frequency factor, Aet, for the elementary electron-transfer step to be evaluated. Values of Aet close to 1013 s−1 were obtained in this manner for the thiocyanate-bridged reactions at mercury, indicating that the electronic transmission coefficient, κel, approaches unity, i.e. the reactions are adiabatic. Although a comparable value of Aet was obtained for Co(III) reduction via a thiophenecarboxylate bridge featuring uninterrupted conjugation, substantially smaller Aet values were observed with bridges containing one or more saturated carbon atoms, suggesting that κel≪1 under the latter conditions.
Thresholds for Correcting Errors, Erasures, and Faulty Syndrome Measurements in Degenerate Quantum Codes

We suggest a technique for constructing lower (existence) bounds for the fault-tolerant threshold to scalable quantum computation applicable to degenerate quantum codes with sublinear distance scaling. We give explicit analytic expressions combining probabilities of erasures, depolarizing errors, and phenomenological syndrome measurement errors for quantum low-density parity-check codes with logarithmic or larger distances. These threshold estimates are parametrically better than the existing analytical bound based on percolation.
Signal design for bandwidth efficient multiple access with guaranteed bit error rate

The problem of signal design for bandwidth efficient multiple access is addressed under quality of service (QoS) constraints specified by (possibly different) BER. Indeed, BER more accurately measures the performance than the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for uncoded communication. Furthermore, we argue that the asymptotic effective energy (AEE) faithfully characterizes BER, and we translate the BER-specified QoS into AEE-specified ones. We then propose a recursive, greedy algorithm for joint signal design to minimize the system bandwidth while ensuring that each user achieves its desired AEE (and hence BER). This algorithm successfully converts excess power into bandwidth savings under reliability constraints, and significantly improves spectral efficiency over full-rank (e.g. orthogonal) signaling and SIR-based approaches.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fecal Contamination and Inadequate Treatment of Packaged Water

Background Packaged water products provide an increasingly important source of water for consumption. However, recent studies raise concerns over their safety. Objectives To assess the microbial safety of packaged water, examine differences between regions, country incomes, packaged water types, and compare packaged water with other water sources. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles published in English, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish, with no date restrictions were identified from online databases and two previous reviews. Studies published before April 2014 that assessed packaged water for the presence of Escherichia coli, thermotolerant or total coliforms were included provided they tested at least ten samples or brands. Results A total of 170 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies did not detect fecal indicator bacteria in packaged water (78/141). Compared to packaged water from upper-middle and high-income countries, packaged water from low and lower-middle-income countries was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.6–8.1) and 13.6 (95% CI: 6.9–26.7) times more likely to contain fecal indicator bacteria and total coliforms, respectively. Compared to all other packaged water types, water from small bottles was less likely to be contaminated with fecal indicator bacteria (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.17–0.58) and total coliforms (OR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.22). Packaged water was less likely to contain fecal indicator bacteria (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.62) compared to other water sources used for consumption. Conclusions Policymakers and regulators should recognize the potential benefits of packaged water in providing safer water for consumption at and away from home, especially for those who are otherwise unlikely to gain access to a reliable, safe water supply in the near future. To improve the quality of packaged water products they should be integrated into regulatory and monitoring frameworks.
Quantification of short-chain fatty acids and energy production from hindgut fermentation in cannulated pigs fed graded levels of wheat bran

This study investigated the amount of energy available to growing pigs from fermentation of dietary fiber in the hindgut. Eighteen growing barrows, fitted with a simple T-shaped cannula at the terminal ileum, were allocated to 3 experimental diets in a completely randomized design. The 3 diets were a standard-fiber diet (SFD), which contained 75.1 g NDF/kg diet; a medium-fiber diet (MFD) of 105.7 g NDF/kg diet; and a high-fiber diet (HFD), which contained 146.9 g NDF/kg diet. Each diet had 6 replicate pigs. After a 5-d period of adjustment of the pigs to the cage environment, feces were collected on d 6 and 7 and ileal digesta on d 8 and 9 and subsequently freeze-dried. Fecal slurry from a pig was used to inoculate the ileal digesta from the same pig. The amount of energy available was calculated from the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced from a 48-h in vitro fermentation of the ileal digesta. Increasing NDF enhanced ( < 0.01) the ileal DM flow and DM in feces. The energy available in the foregut was reduced ( < 0.05) from 3,360 to 2,974 kcal/kg feed DM and increased ( < 0.01) from 619 to 1,009 kcal/kg feed DM produced in the hindgut with increasing dietary NDF. The amount of SCFA increased ( < 0.01) with higher dietary NDF. Acetic acid was highest ( < 0.01) in the HFD whereas propionic and valeric acids were highest ( < 0.05) in the SFD. The amount of butyric acid was not affected by diet. The amount of energy contributed from SCFA fermentation to total tract digestible energy increased ( < 0.01) from 10.7 to 24.2% as dietary NDF level increased from 75 to 147 g/kg feed. The results of the study showed that increasing level of dietary NDF resulted in reduced energy digestibility in the foregut of growing pigs with a corresponding increase in the amount of energy from microbial fermentation in the hindgut.
Dialysis therapy in end-stage renal disease.

The prognosis for children on dialysis has improved significantly in the past two decades. Much of this improvement can be attributed to the realization that adequate nutrition is a critical element of dialysis therapy and long-term morbidity and mortality in the dialysis population are closely linked to the nutritional state. Recommendations for nutritional intake have been formulated for infants and children with end-stage renal disease that take into account not only the metabolic derangement but also the effect of the dialysis treatment itself on the gain and loss of nutrients. In addition, the relationship between nutritional intake and the “dose” of dialysis is becoming clearer. Increasing experience in pediatric dialysis is enabling better selection of the mode of dialysis for children of different ages. The realization that the permeability of the peritoneal membrane is different from individual to individual has led to customized dialysis prescriptions with a consequent increase in the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis. When combined with improvements in therapy of medical complications of chronic renal failure, including the availability of synthetic erythropoetin and growth hormone and the management of renal osteodystrophy, dialysis is becoming a fully-functional tool in the management of children with end-state renal disease.
Thurstone's analytical method for simple structure and a mass modification thereof

The analytical method for simple structure proposed by Thurstone is applied to four separate cases and found to yield satisfactory results. The simple structure obtained by Thurstone's method is found to match closely that obtained by other methods and corresponds to the true structure of the matrix in those cases where true structure is known. Difficulties about the choice of the correct trial vector led the writer to develop a modification of Thurstone's method, useful where high speed computational facilities are available. Instructions are given for this so-called mass modification, and the procedure is illustrated with a 5-factor, 14-variable example. While the results do not fully correspond to a previous graphical solution, it can be argued that the results obtained by the new method show an improved simple structure. The modified method is applied to three other correlation matrices, yielding in each case a satisfactory simple structure.
Three simple node list algorithms

A ''node list'' of a directed graph is a sequence of nodes such that every simple path in the graph is a subsequence of the node list. This paper gives three relatively simple algorithms for computing node lists. Previous results are summarized, and areas for further work are suggested.
A Flux Focusing Axial Magnetic Gear

This paper investigates a novel axial magnetic gear using ferrite magnets. In order to increase the air-gap flux density the ferrite magnets are arranged in flux focusing configuration. The simulation results presented in this paper indicate that a relatively high torque density can be achieved when using only ferrite magnets.
Control of magnetization dynamics in Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ thin films through the use of rare-earth dopants

We show that the magnetization dynamics of soft ferromagnetic thin films can be tuned using rare-earth (RE) dopants. Low concentrations (2 to 10%) of Tb in 50 nm Ni/sub 81/Fe/sub 19/ films are found to increase the Gilbert magnetic damping parameter /spl alpha/ over two orders of magnitude without great effect on easy axis coercivity or saturation magnetization. Comparison with Gd dopants indicates that the orbital character of the Tb moment is important for transferring magnetic energy to the lattice. Structural transformations from the crystalline to the amorphous state, observed over the first 2%-10% of RE doping, may play a contributing but not sufficient role in damping in these films. The approach demonstrated here shows promise for adjusting the dynamical response, from underdamped to critically damped, in thin film materials for magnetic devices.
Coagulants removal and recovery from water clarifier sludge

Several million tons per year of water clarifier sludge are produced in Europe, with forecasts of the figure doubling by the next decade. End disposal of reference sludge is mainly based on controlled landfilling, after conditioning to minimise the volume of solids. The conditioning operation is carried-out in acidic or alkaline media, thus also allowing for coagulants recovery (Al, Fe species). The quality of the chemicals recovered may not be suAcient to justify their reuse, e.g., to water clarification operations. With the aim of improving the purity of coagulants recovered, a new ion exchange process for selective removal, separation and recovery of Al(III) and Fe(III) species from the clarifier sludge is presented. The IERAL (Ion Exchange Recovery of Aluminium) process is based on the use of a commercial weak electrolyte carboxylate resin (Purolite C106, from Purolite Co., UK), allowing for the removal of metals from the clarifier sludge acidic leachate (pH 3.5), followed by selective separation and recovery of the aluminium and ferric species during the resin regeneration step. Together with the performance of a fully automated 50 L/d pilot plant, this paper reports the basic principles of the process. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
What are the current best immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma? A review and update

Numerous immunohistochemical markers that can assist in the diagnosis of epithelioid mesotheliomas, some of which have only recently been recognized, are currently available. Because the various types of carcinomas express these markers differently, their selection for inclusion in a diagnostic panel can vary according to the differential diagnosis. This article provides a critical review of all of the information that is presently available on those markers that are believed to have the greatest potential for assisting in distinguishing between epithelioid mesotheliomas and those carcinomas with which they are most likely to be confused. Information is also provided regarding the panels of immunohistochemical markers that are, at present, recommended in these differential diagnoses.
Specifying and evaluating aggregate monthly natural–gas demand by households

(1989). Specifying and evaluating aggregate monthly natural–gas demand by households. Applied Economics: Vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 1369-1382.
Diffusion of Iron and Nickel in Magnesium Oxide Single Crystals

Diffusion kinetics and mechanisms were studied in the FexO-MgO (vacuum), NiO-MgO (vacuum and air), and Fe203-MgO (air) systems. In the FexO-MgO system, Fe entered MgO by a redox reaction; the diffusivity and activation energy depended on concentration. In the NiO-MgO system in air the diffusivity depended on concentration and the activation energy did not; in vacuum both the diffusivity and activation energy were concentration-independent. In the Fe2O3-MgO system in the MgO phase the activation energy and diffusivity did not depend on concentration. Because of impurities, the diffusion results were for the extrinsic region. Formation of trivalent ions and consequent chemically created vacancies in the FexO-MgO and NiO-MgO (air) systems resulted in the concentration dependence of diffusivity. Concentration dependence of activation energy in the FexO-MgO system is associated with structural changes due to a change with concentration of the Fe3+ octahedraI/Fe3+ tetrahedral ratio. In the Fe2O3-MgO system structural changes do not occur during diffusion because this ratio remains constant.
Prisoners of the White House: The Isolation of America's Presidents and the Crisis of Leadership. By Kenneth T. Walsh. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2013. 244 pp.

Prisoners of the White House: The Isolation of America's Presidents and the Crisis of Leadership. By Kenneth T. Walsh. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2013. 244 pp. Harry Truman felt "detached and cut off' in the White House (p. 100). Bill Clinton referred to it as "the crown jewel of the federal prison system" (p. 1). In his seminal 1970 work, The Twilight of the Presidency, former Lyndon Johnson press secretary George Reedy argued that "the most important, and least examined, problem of the presidency is that of maintaining contact with reality" (The Twilight of the Presidency [New York: New American Library, 1970], p. 17). Since Reedy wrote, elements of this problem have attracted a goodly number of political scientists, journalists, and professional pollsters. Veteran White House reporter Kenneth Walsh is among the latest and best credentialed to offer a contribution. Reedy's challenge and Walsh's response suggest a conundrum at the heart of presidential leadership: presidents must understand their constituencies in order to represent them, yet they must know when, and how far, to move beyond the public in exercising leadership. Unlike Reedy, who viewed White House staff sycophancy as the main culprit, Walsh focuses on information gathering as the key. He reviews most of the modem presidents, reporting on their use of a range of devices, from mail correspondence to the travels of first ladies to insights from their personal backgrounds, to find out what people are thinking, experiencing, and wanting from their leaders. Primarily, though, he is interested in polling, which first entered the White House in a serious way in the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) and which was an institutionalized feature of modern White Houses by the time of Richard Nixon. Assessing their ability to keep in touch, Walsh sorts presidents into three groups. Those who succeeded in staying connected were FDR, Truman, Ronald Reagan, Clinton, and Barack Obama. By contrast, those who "lost the people" were Johnson, Nixon, Jimmy Carter, and George H. W. Bush. John F. Kennedy and George W. Bush are characterized as "defiant princes," scions of privilege who resisted the imperative to connect with the people (though JFK may have been evolving). Oddly, neither Dwight Eisenhower nor Gerald Ford is considered at all. None of these judgments will surprise scholars familiar with those presidencies. The chapters vary in length (from six pages on George W. Bush to 24 on Obama), detail, and new insight. Walsh began reporting on the White House in 1986. …
The effect of sulfur passivation and rapid thermal annealing on the properties of InAs MOS structures with the oxide layer deposited by reactive sputtering

The effect of rapid thermal annealing and sulfur passivation on the quality of reactively sputtered SiO 2 on InAs were investigated. Results show that both rapid thermal processing and sulfur passivation cause a reduction in leakage current and oxide fixed charges. Annealing at temperature higher than 400°C caused degradation. Also passivation started to loose its effectiveness when structures are annealed at 500 °C.
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric renal transplantation.

Of 84 renal transplants performed in our center since 1986, six recipients (7.1%) developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). All received quadruple immunosuppression with Minnesota anti-lymphoblastic globulin or anti-thymocyte globulin, methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Five were seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) when they received their renal transplant. All patients received prophylactic acyclovir treatment postrenal transplant and none developed a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. All patients were positive for EBV by serology and polymerase chain reaction at the time of diagnosis of PTLD. Clinical features at presentation included fever (6/6), adenopathy (4/6), hypertrophied adenoids (4/6), liver involvement (2/6), and allograft involvement (2/6), 2–78 months (4/6<6 months) postrenal transplant. Histopathology of PTLD tissue revealed T cell rich/ Hodgkin disease-like B cell PTLD in one patient, polymorphic PTLD in four, and monomorphic (large B cell lymphoma) PTLD in one. Immunophenotyping of the PTLD biopsy specimen revealed predominant T cells in three, mixed B and T cells in two patients, and B cell in one. No aneuploid populations were identified by flow cytometric DNA ploidy assay. DNA from the PTLD tissue revealed weak to moderate IgH gene rearrangement in four of six patients but no T cell receptor β-chain or c-myc gene rearrangement on Southern blot analysis. The child with monomorphic (large B cell lymphoma) PTLD was clonal with λ light chain restriction on immunophenotyping. Treatment consisted of reduced immunosuppression and ganciclovir/ acyclovir in all patients. CMV hyperimmune globulin was used as an adjunctive therapy in two patients. Chemotherapy was needed in only one patient. A single rejection episode occurred in two children following reduction in immunosuppression, which reversed following intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. PTLD resolved in all patients and at present all patients are alive with functional grafts 2–54 months post diagnosis. Our experience suggests that reduced immunosuppression and anti-viral treatment is adequate in most cases of PTLD, but chemotherapy and hyperimmune globulin therapy may be beneficial in cases resistant to first-line therapy. Since all but one of our patients were EBV seronegative at the time of transplant, vigilance is especially important for early detection of PTLD in this group of the pediatric renal transplant population.
Overexpression of Cyclin E and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor (p27Kip1): Effect on Cell Cycle Regulation in HeLa Cells☆

Abstract Transfection of the epithelioid cell line HeLa with p27Kip1resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G1phase of the cell cycle. Although the cellular level of cdk2 was not decreased as a result of this transfection, there was a significant decline in the cdk2 associated kinase activity. Restoration of the cdk2 kinase activity was proportional to the amount of cotransfected cyclin E plasmid DNA. Overexpression of cyclin E also reversed the p27Kip1mediated G1growth arrest. These findings suggest that the overexpression of cyclin E reverses the p27Kip1mediated G1growth arrest by binding the inhibitor restoring the cdk2 associated kinase activity necessary for the G1/S transition.
Method to Fairly Distribute Power Saving Benefits in a Cloud among Various Customers

Cloud computing infrastructure offers new levels of flexibility and efficiency in a datacenter enabling more and more enterprises to adopt cloud and optimally utilize their IT infrastructure. Power management features in the platform and its exploitation through operating system policies enable significant cost savings by efficiently managing the power consumption. Most of the platform power saving features and policies are designed to exploit changes in server utilization. As the utilization decreases, more power saving features are turned-on, thereby reducing the server's power consumption. For a cloud service provider, cost savings due to power saving drives better ROI1 . However for a cloud user who pays a fixed charge to the provider based on provisioned hours, there are no cost benefits due to lower power usage. In the absence of any benefit due to power savings getting passed to the end-user, there is less motivation for the cloud user to choose energy efficient policies, even for non-critical workloads. This paper describes a mechanism to pass on the benefits accrued due to power savings from cloud provider to the cloud consumer so as to encourage the consumer to choose power efficient policies and contribute to the overall reduction in power consumption and carbon footprint.
Small RNAs with 5'-polyphosphate termini associate with a Piwi-related protein and regulate gene expression in the single-celled eukaryote Entamoeba histolytica.

Small interfering RNAs regulate gene expression in diverse biological processes, including heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination, developmental regulation, and cell differentiation. In the single-celled eukaryote Entamoeba histolytica, we have identified a population of small RNAs of 27 nt size that (i) have 5′-polyphosphate termini, (ii) map antisense to genes, and (iii) associate with an E. histolytica Piwi-related protein. Whole genome microarray expression analysis revealed that essentially all genes to which antisense small RNAs map were not expressed under trophozoite conditions, the parasite stage from which the small RNAs were cloned. However, a number of these genes were expressed in other E. histolytica strains with an inverse correlation between small RNA and gene expression level, suggesting that these small RNAs mediate silencing of the cognate gene. Overall, our results demonstrate that E. histolytica has an abundant 27 nt small RNA population, with features similar to secondary siRNAs from C. elegans, and which appear to regulate gene expression. These data indicate that a silencing pathway mediated by 5′-polyphosphate siRNAs extends to single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
Apolipoprotein M expression increases the size of nascent preβ HDL formed by ATP binding cassette transporter A1

Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a novel apolipoprotein that is reportedly necessary for preβ HDL formation; however, its detailed function remains unknown. We investigated the biogenesis and properties of apoM and its effects on the initial steps of nascent preβ HDL assembly by ABCA1 in HEK293 cells. Transiently transfected apoM was localized primarily in the endomembrane compartment. Pulse-chase analyses demonstrated that apoM is inefficiently secreted, relative to human serum albumin, and that ∼50% remains membrane-associated after extraction with sodium carbonate, pH 11.5. To investigate the role of apoM in nascent preβ HDL formation, ABCA1-expressing or control cells, transfected with empty vector, apoM, or C-terminal epitope-tagged apoM (apoM-C-FLAG), were incubated with 125I-apoA-I for 24 h. Conditioned media were harvested and fractionated by fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) to monitor HDL particle size. Preβ HDL particles were formed effectively in the absence of apoM expression; however, increased apoM expression stimulated the formation of larger-sized nascent preβ HDLs. Immunoprecipitation with anti-apoA-I antibody followed by apoM Western blot analysis revealed that little secreted apoM was physically associated with preβ HDL. Our results suggest that apoM is an atypical secretory protein that is not necessary for ABCA1-dependent preβ HDL formation but does stimulate the formation of larger-sized preβ HDL. We propose that apoM may function catalytically at an intracellular site to transfer lipid onto preβ HDL during or after their formation by ABCA1.