cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex alters mitochondrial function and cellular calcium regulation

Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases. The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) catalyzes a key and arguably rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). A reduction in the activity of the KGDHC occurs in brains and cells of patients with many of these disorders and may underlie the abnormal mitochondrial function. Abnormalities in calcium homeostasis also occur in fibroblasts from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and in cells bearing mutations that lead to AD. Thus, the present studies test whether the reduction of KGDHC activity can lead to the alterations in mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis. alpha-Keto-beta-methyl-n-valeric acid (KMV) inhibits KGDHC activity in living N2a cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Surprisingly, concentration of KMV that inhibit in situ KGDHC by 80% does not alter the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). However, similar concentrations of KMV induce the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, reduce basal [Ca(2+)](i) by 23% (P<0.005), and diminish the bradykinin (BK)-induced calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by 46% (P<0.005). This result suggests that diminished KGDHC activities do not lead to the Ca(2+) abnormalities in fibroblasts from AD patients or cells bearing PS-1 mutations. The increased release of cytochrome c with diminished KGDHC activities will be expected to activate other pathways including cell death cascades. Reductions in this key mitochondrial enzyme will likely make the cells more vulnerable to metabolic insults that promote cell death.
The invisible substrate of information science

The explicit, above-the-water-line paradigm of information science is well known and widely discussed. Every disciplinary paradigm, however, contains elements that are less conscious and explicit in the thinking of its practitioners. The purpose of this article is to elucidate key elements of the below-the-water-line portion of the information science paradigm. Particular emphasis is given to information science’s role as a meta-science—conducting research and developing theory around the documentary products of other disciplines and activities. The mental activities of the professional practice of the field are seen to center around representation and organization of information rather than knowing information. It is argued that such representation engages fundamentally different talents and skills from those required in other professions and intellectual disciplines. Methodological approaches and values of information science are also considered.
Constructing self-dual codes over $$\mathbb{F }_q[u]/(u^t)$$Fq[u]/(ut)

Given a self-dual code over $$\mathbb{F }_q[u]/(u^t)$$ F q [ u ] / ( u t ) we present a method to obtain explicitly new self-dual codes of larger length. Conversely, we also prove that, with the appropriate assumptions on length and number of generators, every self-dual code over $$\mathbb{F }_q[u]/(u^t)$$ F q [ u ] / ( u t ) can be obtained in this manner. We use this construction to produce several optimal self-dual codes over the base field in a manner that generalizes the Lee weight. This construction is based on ideas presented by Han et al. (Bull Korean Math Soc, 49:135---143, 2012) and also by Lee and Kim (An efficient construction of self dual codes, 2012), not only generalizing it, but joining the two different cases from the original paper as special cases of one general construction.
On Applications of Roots of Unity to Product Identities

In this paper, we give simple proofs of the quintuple product identity and the septuple product identity using properties of cube and fifth roots of unity.
How important is territorial bias in prudential supervision and regulation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure and rank territorial bias in prudential supervision and regulation in 22 EU and non-EU countries with financial systems predominantly owned by foreign banks. Design/methodology/approach – Twenty-two host countries are surveyed along six dimensions. First a scoring system is developed to measure territorial bias on an individual country basis (vertical analysis). Second the results are compared across two peer groups EU and non-EU (horizontal analysis). Findings – Territorial bias is present to a varying degree in the prudential supervision and the regulations of the countries surveyed. On average higher territorial bias is observed in the non-EU group. Generally there is also less dispersion in the EU which can be explained by a common regulatory framework and the efforts to achieve supervisory convergence. Non-EU countries use a wider array of instruments typically higher capital ratios stricter local governance requirements and liquidity restrictions. Or...
An inquiry into the causes of breech presentation.

Summary Two aspects of the etiology of breech presentation have been considered. First, it has-been found that the “classical factors” (contracted pelvis, pelvic tumors, placenta previa, and fetal malformation) in the aggregate account for only one-sixth of the breech births among mature single infants. Second, the data which have been assembler) suggest that extension of the legs may be a causative factor rather than a resultant effect in breech presentations. The mechanism by which extension of the legs may operate to affect the presentation has not been fully discussed here. It is the writer's hope that within a few years he will be prepared to report current experiments which deal with the effects of gravity and of the contour of the fetal mass upon polarity. At, that time, a review and correlation will be made of many important fundamental publications which have not been alluded to in the present study.
Teaching the Benefits and Limits of Human Classification and Machine Algorithms: Theory and Practice

This book is the first to look at the signature pedagogy set out in the Boulder Statements on Legal Research Pedagogy and Legal Research Education, and place it within the framework of the rich literature on information literacy, adult learning and experiential learning. The book is essential reading for everyone who wants to be able to place legal research instruction in a scholarly and theoretical framework.
Maximizing the adequacy of Hologic® Cervista® HPV HR results on ThinPrep® Pap samples treated with glacial acetic acid

Background Although glacial acetic acid (GAA) treatment of bloody cervical samples has reduced the rate of unsatisfactory Pap Tests, recent studies suggest that it may negatively impact high-risk (hr)-HPV test results. The objectives of this study were to compare the levels of genomic DNA between GAA treated and nontreated ThinPrep® samples using the Hologic® Cervista® HPV-HR assay and to compare the adequacy of the ThinPrep® Pap Test between aliquoted and nonaliquoted samples. Methods Prior to GAA treatment, 2.5 ml of the cervical sample was prealiquoted from 102 bloody ThinPrep® vials. Both GAA treated and nontreated samples were analyzed for hr-HPV using the Cervista® HPV HR assay. The levels of genomic DNA were measured and compared between these samples. In addition, ThinPrep® Pap Test adequacy rates were calculated and compared on aliquoted and nonaliquoted cervical samples. Results Of the 102 cervical samples, 95 (93%) nontreated aliquots contained satisfactory levels of genomic DNA as compared to 36 (35%) GAA-treated samples (p < 0.00001). Ninety-nine (97%) aliquoted cervical samples were satisfactory for cytologic evaluation as compared to 1,326 (96%) GAA treated samples from 2013 (nonaliquoted); not statistically significant (p = 0.7968). Conclusion The levels of genomic DNA were significantly decreased in GAA treated vs non-treated TP samples. Aliquoting from the TP sample prior to treatment with GAA enables accurate measurement of DNA without affecting the adequacy of the TP cytology slide. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:215–219. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic Dynamics in Natural Iron Pyrite Studied by Broadband Transient Reflection Spectroscopy

Iron pyrite (FeS2) is an abundant natural mineral with interesting physical and chemical properties, including its near IR bandgap and extremely high absorption coefficient throughout the visible range. The dynamics of photoinitiated carriers and their interactions with intrinsic and surface defects are still not fully understood, yet clearly are responsible for pyrite’s underwhelming photovoltaic and photocatalytic performance. Here we report, to our knowledge for the first time, broadband ultrafast transient reflection from single-crystal natural iron pyrite with several excitation wavelengths both higher and lower than the accepted nominal bandgap of pyrite. We also demonstrate a method to transform transient reflection to transient absorption, without requiring any assumptions regarding the magnitude of either the absorption coefficient or the refractive index, allowing for a more direct interpretation of our results. An important finding from this work is the observation of a long-lived weak signal w...
Bayesian-Emulator based parameter identification for calibrating energy models for existing buildings

In this paper, an efficient Bayesian-Emulator approach is developed and applied to identify unknown input parameters for detailed energy models for existing buildings. The new approach improves on the traditional Bayesian approach for parameter identification, characterized by high computing requirements. Specifically, the developed approach utilizes a building energy model emulator to expedite the parameter identification process. Both discrete and continuous building energy model parameters can be identified using the developed Bayesian-Emulator approach. In the paper, the benefits of the developed Bayesian-Emulator parameter identification approach to calibrate whole-building energy models are discussed. Moreover, the proposed approach has been applied to a case study of an existing medium office building using monthly utility data. It is found that the Bayesian-Emulator is capable to calibrate the medium office building energy model in less than 1 minute using a personal computer. The Bayesian-Emulator approach presented in this paper can be an effective framework to automatically calibrate energy models for existing buildings.
The Basic Characters and Microelements of Tiefa Coal

According to studied the resource characteristic and the distributing of its useful and harmful microelements of longflame coal in Tiefa mining area,which is the biggest provider of power coal in northeast of china,it was found that the useless elements such as sulfur,phosphor,arsenic and chlorine,and heavy metals of lead,chrome and mercury are few in this coal,and it is also the important coal origin with high quality of some primary electric power plants within Liaoning province.
The Present State and Development Trends of TWT Technology

This paper summarized the present situation and characteristic of TWT products on the basis of application requirement analyzing.By comparing with solid state device.the development trend of TWT technology and its products is forecast,and the countermeasure and development suggestion is proposed.
Special Review Article on New Advances in Insulin Treatment of Diabetes: Overcoming Barriers

Abstract Objective To discuss the optimal role of insulin in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods We review the complications of diabetes, highlight the attempts to improve control of plasma glucose, and summarize current recommendations for use of insulin in clinical practice. Results With the strict new guidelines for the diagnosis of diabetes issued by the American Diabetes Association in July 1997a plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) rather than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) an additional 8 million persons will be diagnosed this year, and diabetes and its complications will be at the forefront of public health concerns. Strong evidence indicates that with reduction of plasma glucose levels and tight control of glycohemoglobin, the rate of complications can be considerably decreased. Although insulin replacement therapy is well known to be both the best and the most cost-effective way to control glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes, studies have now shown that those with type 2 diabetes can likewise benefit from appropriate insulin therapy. Other investigations have indicated that coronary events are as likely to occur in patients with recently discovered impaired glucose tolerance as in patients with known diabetes (at a 2-hour postprandial glucose threshold of 96 mg/dL [5.3 mmol/L]). Such findings suggest that there may be no such thing as “borderline diabetes” and give impetus to the search for improved types of insulin to treat all patients with diabetes. A recent candidate is the new insulin analogue lispro, which was developed by recombinant DNA techniques, with its design influenced by the structural analogy to another endogenous hormone, insulin-like growth factor I. Lispro is a fast-acting, rapidly dissipating insulin formulation. This profile allows lispro to be given less than 15 minutes before a meal, yet with little risk of postprandial hypoglycemia because its high mealtime peak is followed by rapid disappearance from the bloodstream. Conclusion Lispro has been shown to improve postprandial control of plasma glucose and to decrease the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes in comparison with regular insulin. Because of its stability and pharmacokinetic properties, lispro can also be used in insulin pump therapy. (Endocr Pract. 1997; 3:372-384)
Enhancing Students’ Transitions to College and Careers: A Case Study of Distributed Leadership Practice in Supporting a High School Career Academy Model

ABSTRACTCreating effective pathways for students to transition from high school to college or career is immensely important and, although challenging, some have developed promising approaches. This case study examined how formal and informal leaders in an urban high school and district collaborated to implement a college and career academy model, utilizing distributed-leadership theory as a lens. Data analysis yielded seven themes. This study’s documentation of considerable leadership distribution outside the organization is unique within the literature and underscores the need for researchers and practitioners to consider the important contribution of community leaders in promoting college and career readiness.
Abstract 2213: Comparison of infusion devices for hepatic artery delivery of CAR-T

We previously tested the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) treatment via hepatic artery infusion in a phase I clinical trial. Though these results were promising, our current protocol for hepatic immunotherapy for metastasis (HITM) includes transcatheter arterial embolization in order to reduce off-target toxicity from CAR-T delivery to gastric, enteric, or pancreatic tissues. Surefire Infusion System devices employ a soft fabric one way valve that prevents back-flow during hepatic artery infusion and generates a pressure gradient, which is clinically shown to increase delivery of therapeutic agents into tumor. We performed in vitro and in vivo testing in preparation for a phase Ib trial to ensure that the SIS does not adversely affect CAR-T performance. Viability, phenotype and activation status of CAR-T with no catheter (NC) and following passage through a standard microcatheter (STD), Surefire Infusion System (SIS), or Surefire Precision (SP) infusion system were tested via flow cytometry. CAR-T viability was preserved as measured by Zombie NIR. We did not detect a significant phenotype shift when examining CD4, CD8, CD25, and CD69. A CFSE assay and an LDH were done to track proliferation and measure the cytotoxicity of the CAR-T when stimulated by tumor. NC CAR-T had significantly more proliferation than each of the catheter groups. Specific Lysis was not significantly different between the NC, STD, SIS, and SP groups. We also performed in vivo testing in mice with intraperitoneal (IP) tumor with IP NC or SIS CAR-T. By Day 10, there was significantly less tumor present in the NC (5.7- fold reduction, p = 0.02) and the SIS (44- fold reduction, p = 0.04) groups than in the tumor only control group. The SIS CAR-T group and the NC CAR-T group were not significantly different (p = 0.38). The SIS and SP devices did not adversely impact CAR-T viability, phenotype, or performance implying that these catheters could be interchangeably used for more efficient and targeted CAR-T dose delivery. In Vitro Experimental Data Citation Format: Josephine K. Darpolor, Marissa Cunetta, Matthew Lima, Jillian Gardell, Gary Point, Zhi Liu, N J. Espat, Prajna Guha, Steven Katz. Comparison of infusion devices for hepatic artery delivery of CAR-T. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2213.
Training the novice in laparoscopy. More challenge is better.

Background: Virtual reality simulation is effective in training the novice to perform basic laparoscopic skills. Methods: Using the Minimally Invasive Surgery Training—Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) trainer, 27 honors high school students were tested at the easy level, prospectively randomized to eight training sessions at the easy (group A, n = 14) or medium (group B, n = 13) level, then retested at the easy level. Results: Both groups were statistically similar at baseline. All scores improved significantly (50.1% to 81.3%) over the period of training (p < 0.05). Although the group A scores were significantly better than the group B scores throughout training (p < 0.05), on final testing at the easy level, group B surpassed group A for all the tasks except TransferPlace (p = 0.054). Conclusions: Virtual simulation is an effective laparoscopic training method for the novice, providing significant improvement in skill levels over a relatively short period. More challenging training seems to predict greater improvement over time and better final skill levels.
The Role of Motivation in Adults’ Reading Comprehension: A Lifespan View

Reading comprehension plays an integral role in adults’ daily lives and is thus central to adults’ positive life outcomes. Yet, millions of American adults lack the requisite reading skills necessary for basic literacy. Although research on adult literacy has traditionally focused on cognitive aspects of reading processes, the field has recently turned attention to the important role of positive, subjective factors such as motivation, in adults’ reading comprehension development. Expert adult readers read often, with interest, and are highly motivated, providing models of optimal life outcomes that point to potential areas of intervention for adults with low literacy.
A multilevel approach for library value assessment

As the volume of academic library value research has continued to increase, the resulting literature has grown complex and sprawling. This article takes stock of this body of work, using a review of the published research literature and an analysis of its organization and structure. This investigation reveals that the research on library value follows a “levels of analysis” framework, with three types of studies—small group, single institution, and multi-institution—comprising the major dimensions. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of studies at each level and propose a multilevel framework designed to improve the practical utility and scholarly rigor of academic library value assessment.
A 150 MHz voltage controlled oscillator using lithium niobate RF-MEMS resonator

This paper presents the first radio frequency (RF) voltage controlled MEMS oscillator (VCMO) using a high Q Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) micromechanical resonator. The resonator has a quality factor of 650 in air with a motional impedance of 262 Ω. The oscillator's measured phase noise is −84.4 dBc/Hz and −146 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offsets respectively from a 149.13 MHz carrier with an output power of −8.6 dBm. The oscillator consumes less than 1 mA with a tuning range of 0.42 MHz. Such VCMOs are envisioned to enable low power, and low phase noise RF signal synthesis for Internet of Things applications.
Interactions of Internal and External R&D: An Empirical Test of Two Rival Theories

This paper is an empirical test of two rival theories of interactions between firms’ internal and external research and development (R&D). According to the theory of absorptive capacity, firms shou...
Spiritual Care in Hospice and Palliative Care

영적간호는 호스피스 완화의료의 중심에 있다. 심각하고 생명을 위협하는 질병에 직면한 환자는 신앙, 희망 및 실존적 관심과 관련하여 중요한 요구를 가지고 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 영성, 영적 평가 및 영적간호 중재의 정의를 포함하여 이러한 간호의 핵심 측면들을 검토하는 것이다. 호스피스 완화의료에서 영적간호와 ...
Experimentation in the agricultural EnlightenmentPlace, profit and norms of knowledge-making in eighteenth-century Germany

Most research into history of eighteenth-century experimentation has focused on the instrument-based traditions of natural philosophers and chemists. This article explores an alternate, but related, tradition: the experiments carried out by agricultural improvers. While authors interested in improving farming were aware of natural philosophical practices, they self-consciously devised different strategies in their own forms of experimentation. Experiments in the chemical and physical sciences generally sought to find universal laws operative everywhere; agricultural experimentation often explored the particular possibilities of a given place. The cost and likely economic success of an experiment was also worked explicitly into its design.
Wrongful Requests and Strategic Refusals to Understand

In The Alchemy of Race and Rights Patricia Williams notes that when people of color are asked to understand such practices as racial profiling by putting themselves in the shoes of white people, they are, in effect, being asked to, ‘look into the mirror of frightened white faces for the reality of their undesirability’ (1992, 46). While we often see understanding another as ethically and epistemically virtuous, in this paper I argue that it is wrong in some cases to ask another to attempt to understand certain positions or lines of thought. In developing my argument I draw on the work of Maria Lugones to argue for a view of agency that is epistemically interdependent. I examine the case described by Patricia Williams to demonstrate specifically how the understanding requested in this case unfairly undermines both epistemic and non-epistemic agency. I distinguish appropriate requests for understanding from inappropriate requests so as to make clear that I am not suggesting that it is wrong to make such requests when the understanding sought after is difficult, painful, or even when it forces one to reconsider the meaning of one’s actions. Finally, I examine an example from Susan Brison to show how strategic refusals to understand may provide a pathway toward new ways of knowing and being in resistance to oppressive regimes.
Comparison of multiparametric MRI-based and transrectal ultrasound-based preplans with intraoperative ultrasound-based planning for low dose rate interstitial prostate seed implantation

Purpose Transrectal ultrasound images are routinely acquired for low dose rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy dosimetric preplanning (pTRUS), although diagnostic multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) may serve this purpose as well. We compared the predictive abilities of TRUS vs MRI relative to intraoperative TRUS (iTRUS) to assess the role of mpMRI in brachytherapy preplanning. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients who underwent iTRUS-guided prostate LDR brachytherapy as either mono- or combination therapy. 56.3% had pTRUS-only volume studies and 43.7% had both 3T-mpMRI and pTRUS preplanning. MRI was used for preplanning and its image fusion with iTRUS was also used for intraoperative guidance of seed placement. Differences in gland volume, seed number, and activity and procedure time were examined, as well as the identification of lesions suspicious for tumor foci. Pearson correlation coefficient and Fisher's Z test were used to estimate associations between continuous measures. Results There was good correlation of planning volumes between iTRUS and either pTRUS or MRI (r = 0.89, r = 0.77), not impacted by the addition of hormonal therapy (P = 0.65, P = 0.33). Both consistently predicted intraoperative seed number (r = 0.87, r = 0.86). MRI/TRUS fusion did not significantly increase surgical or anesthesia time (P = 0.10, P = 0.46). mpMRI revealed suspicious focal lesions in 11 of 14 cases not visible on pTRUS, that when correlated with histopathology, were incorporated into the plan. Conclusions Relative to pTRUS, MRI yielded reliable preplanning measures, supporting the role of MRI-only LDR treatment planning. mpMRI carries numerous diagnostic, staging and preplanning advantages that facilitate better patient selection and delivery of novel dose escalation and targeted therapy, with no additional surgical or anesthesia time. Prospective studies assessing its impact on treatment planning and delivery can serve to establish mpMRI as the standard of care in LDR prostate brachytherapy planning.
Managing Hybrid Model Composition Complexity: Human–Environment Simulation Models

Multimodeling approaches are increasingly required for simulating multifaceted systems across many scientific disciplines. Such approaches represent the system as a set of subsystem models, each with its own structure and behavior. Some multimodeling approaches use modeling methods to define how the subsystem structures and behaviors interact. However, modeling a system this way brings about subsystem and composition complexity that must be managed. The complexities of hybrid models resulting from the interactions of the composed models can be reduced using interaction models. Independently developing and utilizing such interaction models provides additional flexibility in system model design, modification, and execution for both the subsystem models and the resultant hybrid system model. This chapter discusses the use of the polyformalism model composition approach for researching human–environment dynamics with direct support for managing the complexity, which results from subsystem model interactions within this domain.
Optical rectification in a reconfigurable resistive switching filament

We demonstrate optical rectification in a reconfigurable and relatively simple nanoscopic tunneling junction formed via resistive switching. In optical rectification, electrons must keep up with the rapid oscillations of an illuminating optical field and harness the nonlinearities of a tunneling contact to produce the desired DC field. Among the intrinsic requirements for such devices are tunneling junctions with an exceedingly small capacitance and surface area. In contrast to tunneling junctions formed by different methods, the resistive switching approach explored here allows the system to be tuned, set, and reset via the application of DC electric fields. This makes it ideally suitable for exploring optical rectification phenomena under different tunneling conditions and for dynamically tuning the device's responsivity. This “on-the-go” tunability opens the possibility for adaptive devices, such as ultrafast photon detectors, wireless power transmitters, and energy harvesting systems.We demonstrate optical rectification in a reconfigurable and relatively simple nanoscopic tunneling junction formed via resistive switching. In optical rectification, electrons must keep up with the rapid oscillations of an illuminating optical field and harness the nonlinearities of a tunneling contact to produce the desired DC field. Among the intrinsic requirements for such devices are tunneling junctions with an exceedingly small capacitance and surface area. In contrast to tunneling junctions formed by different methods, the resistive switching approach explored here allows the system to be tuned, set, and reset via the application of DC electric fields. This makes it ideally suitable for exploring optical rectification phenomena under different tunneling conditions and for dynamically tuning the device's responsivity. This “on-the-go” tunability opens the possibility for adaptive devices, such as ultrafast photon detectors, wireless power transmitters, and energy harvesting systems.
Black Hole Merging and Gravitational Waves

I was tasked with covering a wide swath of gravitational wave astronomy—including theory, observation, and data analysis—and to describe the detection techniques used to span the gravitational wave spectrum—pulsar timing, ground based interferometers and their future space based counterparts. For good measure, I was also asked to include an introduction to general relativity and black holes. Distilling all this material into nine lectures was quite a challenge. The end result is a highly condensed set of lecture notes that can be consumed in a few hours, but may take weeks to digest.
A Passive Tunable Magnetoelectric Gyrator: A Highly Efficient Approach to Non-Power Consumable Capacitor Control Methods

Tunability in magnetoelectric (ME) gyrators is of importance for realizing controllable energy-efficient electronics. Here, we investigated a novel passive control method that exhibits a high frequency tunability of up to 370 Hz using a non-power-consuming (passive) capacitor approach. The method requires zero external controllable power as the frequency is changed. This tuning does not decrease the power conversion efficiency (86%) of the gyrator. Our results indicate that the internal mechanical reactive components need to be changed by passive external capacitors, which proves to be an effective way by which gyrators can achieve high tunability and retain high power conversion efficiency. This article opens an approach toward the design of new tunable circuit components.
Development of a Hospital Medical Surge Preparedness Index using a national hospital survey

To generate a Hospital Medical Surge Preparedness Index that can be used to evaluate hospitals across the United States in regard to their capacity to handle patient surges during mass casualty events. Data from the American Hospital Association's annual survey, conducted from 2005 to 2014. Our sample comprised 6239 hospitals across all 50 states, with an annual average of 5769 admissions. An extensive review of the American Hospital Association survey was conducted and relevant variables applicable to hospital inpatient services were extracted. Subject matter experts then categorized these items according to the following subdomains of the "Science of Surge" construct: staff, supplies, space, and system. The variables within these categories were then analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, concluding with the evaluation of internal reliability. Based on the combined results, we generated individual (by hospital) scores for each of the four metrics and an overall score. The exploratory factor analysis indicated a clustering of variables consistent with the "Science of Surge" subdomains, and this finding was in agreement with the statistics generated through the confirmatory factor analysis. We also found high internal reliability coefficients, with Cronbach's alpha values for all constructs exceeding 0.9. A novel Hospital Medical Surge Preparedness Index linked to hospital metrics has been developed to assess a health care facility's capacity to manage patients from mass casualty events. This index could be used by hospitals and emergency management planners to assess a facility's readiness to provide care during disasters.
Social disparities negatively impact neonatal follow-up clinic attendance of premature infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit.

Neonatal neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic provides continued surveillance and assessment of high-risk premature infants. We hypothesized that attrition is associated with race and social factors. We performed a retrospective cohort study of neonates born at 26–32 weeks gestation who were admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Maternal and neonatal characteristics and follow-up attendance were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with significance set at p value < 0.05. In total, 237 neonates met study criteria. There was a 62% loss to follow-up over 2 years. Factors associated with loss to follow-up included older gestational age, African American race, and maternal cigarette smoking. Protective factors included older maternal age, a neonatal diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and longer hospital length of stay. Social disparities negatively impact neonatal follow-up clinic attendance. Efforts to identify and target high-risk populations must be started during initial hospitalization before infants are lost to follow-up.
The diagnosis and treatment of focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia in children

Objective To review the clinic presentation, radiographic and MRI appearance of Focal Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia(FFCD)in children. Methods We retrospectively assessed the radiological and MRI characteristics of FFCD in 4 children. The operative indications and methods were evaluated. Results We reported 4 children with FFCD which have been confirmed by pathology, of which distal femur was involved in one case and distal ulna in one child and proximal tibia in the remaining two infants. The cases involved in distal ulna and distal femur were treated with excision of the lesion, correction osteotomy or femur lengthening with Ilizarov techenique. The two infants with proximal tibia involvement underwent simple excision of the lesion in order to accelerate the correction and to confirm the diagnosis histologically, The. results of the two patients involved distal ulna and distal femur were satisfactory. The angular deformity were completely corrected and normal length was restored at follow-up 66 months and 18 months post-operatively. The proximal tibia vara of FFCD in two infant children improved progressively after 6 and 12 months operatively. Conclusions Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia (FFCD) is a rare benign condition inducing bowing deformity of the long bones and the lesions often involved proximal tibia,distal femur and distal ulna. Radiologically, the lesions is characterized by a lucent defect with marginal sclerosis in the medial metepysis of the long bone. The entity represents a bony anchor preventing natural sliding of the periosteum during growth. Treatment indications result from this concept,of which the lesions with a metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle less than 20 degrees,observation is needed for 6 to 12 months; if the deformity improves, the tether likely broke spontaneously, and no treatment is required; if the deformity worsens,, curettage or corrective osteotomy will be needed. Key words: Osteochondrodysplasias; Fibrocartilage; Osteotomy
Cardiac MRI Myocardial Functional and Tissue Characterization Detects Early Cardiac Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Chemotherapy‐Induced Cardiotoxicity

Background Doxorubicin and doxorubicin-trastuzumab combination chemotherapy have been associated with cardiotoxicity that eventually leads to heart failure and may limit dose-effective cancer treatment. Current diagnostic strategies rely on decreased ejection fraction (EF) to diagnose cardiotoxicity. Purpose The aim of this study is to explore the potential of cardiac MR (CMR) imaging to identify imaging biomarkers in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods A cumulative dose of 25 mg/kg doxorubicin was administered over three weeks using subcutaneous pellets (n = 9, Dox). Another group (n = 9) received same dose of Dox and a total of 10 mg/kg trastuzumab (DT). Mice were imaged at baseline, 5/6 weeks and 10 weeks post-treatment on a 7T MRI system. The protocol included short-axis cine MRI covering the left ventricle (LV) and mid-ventricular short-axis tissue phase mapping (TPM), pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping, T2 mapping and Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) strain encoded MRI. EF, peak myocardial velocities, native T1, T2, extracellular volume (ECV), and myocardial strain were quantified. N = 7 mice were sacrificed for histopathologic assessment of apoptosis at 5/6 weeks. Results Global peak systolic longitudinal velocity was reduced at 5/6 weeks in Dox (0.6 ± 0.3 vs 0.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.02). In the Dox group, native T1 was reduced at 5/6 weeks (1.3 ± 0.2 ms vs 1.6 ± 0.2 ms, p = 0.02), and relatively normalized at week 10 (1.4 ± 0.1 ms vs 1.6 ± 0.2 ms, p > 0.99). There was no change in EF and other MRI parameters and histopathologic results demonstrated minimal apoptosis in all mice (~1-2 apoptotic cell/high power field), suggesting early-stage cardiotoxicity. Conclusions In a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity using doxorubicin and trastuzumab, advanced CMR shows promise in identifying treatment-related decrease in myocardial velocity and native T1 prior to the onset of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reduction of EF.
Multiplexed genomic encoding of non-canonical amino acids for labeling large complexes.

Stunning advances in the structural biology of multicomponent biomolecular complexes (MBCs) have ushered in an era of intense, structure-guided mechanistic and functional studies of these complexes. Nonetheless, existing methods to site-specifically conjugate MBCs with biochemical and biophysical labels are notoriously impracticable and/or significantly perturb MBC assembly and function. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a general, multiplexed method in which we genomically encode non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into multiple, structure-informed, individual sites within a target MBC; select for ncAA-containing MBC variants that assemble and function like the wildtype MBC; and site-specifically conjugate biochemical or biophysical labels to these ncAAs. As a proof-of-principle, we have used this method to generate unique single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) signals reporting on ribosome structural dynamics that have thus far remained inaccessible to smFRET studies of translation. A method combining multiplexed genome engineering, genetic code expansion and biorthogonal chemical labeling has been developed for multiple site-specific protein labeling and used to label ribosome components at sites hard to access for FRET assays.
Latent Profiles of Health Behaviors in Rural Children with Overweight and Obesity.

Objective The objectives were to identify profiles of school-age children with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) from rural counties based on patterns of diet, activity, and sleep, to examine demographic predictors, and to examine whether profiles were differentially associated with psychosocial functioning. Methods Participants included 163 children (Mage = 9.8) and parents. Children wore accelerometers to assess physical activity and sleep duration. Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Self-report of emotional, social, and academic health-related quality of life (HRQOL), peer victimization, social skills, and social problem behaviors was collected, as well as parent-report of HRQOL. Latent variable mixture modeling (LVMM) was conducted. Results Sleep did not significantly contribute to profile differentiation and was removed. Four profiles emerged: (a) Low F/V + Low SSB + Low activity, (b) Low F/V + Low SSB + Moderate activity, (c) High F/V + High SSB + Low activity, and (d) Moderate F/V + Moderate SSB + High activity. Older children were more likely to be in profile 1. After controlling for child age, parents of children in profile 1 reported significantly lower child social HRQOL than parents of children in profiles 2 and 4. Children in profile 4 reported experiencing significantly lower victimization than those in profile 3. Conclusions There are subgroups of rural children with OW/OB that engage in various combinations of healthy and unhealthy behaviors. LVMM has the potential to inform future interventions and identify needs of groups of children with OW/OB.
Lattice disorders of TiO2 and their significance in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2

Abstract Developing economic strategies for the conversion of carbon dioxide, given its potential impact on global climate change, has become necessary for the long-term sustainability of the planet Earth. From traditional thermochemical routes, CO2 conversion requires a substantial amount of costly energy, which in itself produces CO2. Utilizing solar energy, particularly radiation in the visible spectrum, can be the most efficient method for supplying the energy requirement. This review explores TiO2, and its various polymorphs, as a catalyst component in CO2 photoconversion. Titania is an abundant resource that would make for a low-cost catalytic material. As shown in this work, crystal lattice defects in TiO2 can be systematically tailored to yield a photocatalyst that provides optimum adsorption and activation of CO2 on the TiO2 surface and allows sufficient electron–hole separation times. These separation times are necessary for efficient surface site chemistries to occur. In addition to synthesis techniques, this review also describes the latest characterization tools used to investigate lattice defects, including oxygen vacancies, as well as corresponding Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies. Two key features of this work will be (1) defining the relationship between the lattice defects and (2) the Fermi Energies that are paramount for activating the catalyst in the visible region. The catalyst is thereby optimized by controlling these defects. Furthermore, TiO2-based hybrid photocatalysts and their corresponding lattice defects in photoconversion of CO2 to useful products are discussed.
Alcohol-and-HIV-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction Regulates Extracellular Vesicles Secretion in Vitro and in Liver-Humanized Mice

Background: Alcohol abuse is common in people living with HIV-1 and dramaticallyenhances the severity of HIV-induced liver damage by inducing oxidative stress and lysosomaldysfunction in the liver cells. We hypothesize that the increased release of extracellular vesicles(EVs) in hepatocytes and liver humanized mouse model is linked to lysosome dysfunction. Methods:The study was performed on primary human hepatocytes and human hepatoma RLWXP-GFP (Huh7.5 cells stably transfected with CYP2E1 and XPack-GFP) cells and validated on ethanol-fed liverhumanizedfumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah)-/-, Rag2-/-, common cytokine receptor gamma chainknockout (FRG-KO) mice. Cells and mice were infected with HIV-1ADA virus. Results: We observedan increase in the secretion of EVs associated with a decrease in lysosomal activity and expressionof lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1. Next-generation RNA sequencing of primary humanhepatocytes revealed 63 differentially expressed genes, with 13 downregulated and 50 upregulatedgenes in the alcohol–HIV-treated group. Upstream regulator analysis of differentially expressedgenes through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified transcriptional regulators affecting downstreamgenes associated with increased oxidative stress, lysosomal associated disease, and function andEVs biogenesis. Our in vitro findings were corroborated by in vivo studies on human hepatocytetransplantedhumanized mice, indicating that intensive EVs’ generation by human hepatocytes andtheir secretion to serum was associated with increased oxidative stress and reduction in lysosomalactivities triggered by HIV infection and ethanol diet. Conclusion: HIV-and-ethanol-metabolisminducedEVs release is tightly controlled by lysosome status in hepatocytes and participates in thedevelopment of double-insult-induced liver injury.
Toward a compelling customer touchpoint architecture

Abstract Every business enterprise touches and is touched by customers in different ways at different touchpoints: points of human, product, service, communication, spatial, and/or electronic interaction collectively constituting the interface between an enterprise and its customers. Like any good architect conceiving of and giving shape to a building or a space, the enterprise must conceive, design, implement, and manage these touchpoints with the central goal of developing a compelling customer experience at all touchpoints over the course of the entire relationship cycle. This article addresses this central challenge in three stages. First, it makes the case for a holistic approach to the totality of touchpoints across all parts of the enterprise and all stages of the customer relationship cycle. Then, it offers a methodology for drawing up customer touchpoint blueprints. Finally, it suggests five critical requirements for compelling touchpoint architecture.
Black Parade: Conceptualizing Black Adolescent Girls’ Multimodal Renderings as Parades:

This piece builds on scholarship in African American parading and Black Girls’ Literacies by presenting parading as a metaphor to analyze a website created by nine Black adolescent girls. I draw on...
Y-90 SIRT: evaluation of TCP variation across dosimetric models.

Much progress has been made in implementing selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) as a viable treatment option for hepatic malignancies. However, there is still much need for improved options for calculating the amount of activity to be administered. To make advances towards this goal, this study examines the relationship between predicted biological outcomes of liver tumors via tumor control probabilities (TCP) and parenchyma via normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) given variations in absorbed dose prescription methodologies. Thirty-nine glass microsphere treatments in 35 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver disease were analyzed using 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT and 90Y PET/CT scans. Predicted biological outcomes corresponding to the single compartment (standard) model and multi-compartment (partition) dosimetry model were compared using our previously derived TCP dose-response curves over a range of 80–150 Gy prescribed absorbed dose to the perfused volume, recommended in the package insert for glass microspheres. Retrospective planning dosimetry was performed on the MAA SPECT/CT; changes from the planned infused activity due to selection of absorbed dose level and dosimetry model (standard or partition) were used to scale absorbed doses reported from 90Y PET/CT including liver parenchyma and lesions (N = 120) > 2 ml. A parameterized charting system was developed across all potential prescription options to enable a clear relationship between standard prescription vs. the partition model-based prescription. Using a previously proposed NTCP model, the change in prescribed dose from a standard model prescription of 120 Gy to the perfused volume to a 15% NTCP prescription to the normal liver was explored. Average TCP predictions for the partition model compared with the standard model varied from a 13% decrease to a 32% increase when the prescribed dose was varied across the range of 80–150 Gy. In the parametrized chart comparing absorbed dose prescription ranges across the standard model and partition models, a line of equivalent absorbed dose to a tumor was identified. TCP predictions on a per lesion basis varied between a 26% decrease and a 81% increase for the most commonly chosen prescription options when comparing the partition model with the standard model. NTCP model was only applicable to a subset of patients because of the small volume fraction of the liver that was targeted in most cases. Our retrospective analysis of patient imaging data shows that the choice of prescribed dose and which model to prescribe potentially contribute to a wide variation in average tumor efficacy. Biological response data should be included as one factor when looking to improve patient care in the clinic. The use of parameterized charting, such as presented here, will help direct physicians when transitioning to newer prescription methods.