cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ro/SSA Autoantibodies

Morris Reichlin and colleagues described anti-Ro/SSA as the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1969 by using double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The Ro/SSA antigen was found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus using spleen, kidney, liver, lung, or lymph node extracts. The authors found about 25% of lupus sera had a precipitin line of identity with the prototype sera (labeled ‘R’ in Figure 2 of the paper, using the first letter of the index patient’s last name; hence, the designation ‘Ro’, the first two letters of the patient’ name). In 1975, the Sjogren syndrome A (SSA) antigen–antibody system was described in the sera of patients with Sjogren syndrome, again using immunodiffusion. In 1979, an exchange of reagents demonstrated that these independently described antigens and their respective autoantibodies were identical. The autoantibodies described in 1962 found in the sera of Sjogren patients and termed SjD are likely anti-Ro/SSA. However, to this author’s knowledge, identity of SjD to Ro/SSA or SSA was never confirmed.
Medical and Health-Related Disorders

An interdisciplinary approach to the total care of chronically ill children and adolescents involves consideration of biomedical, bio-behavioral, and psychosocial factors (Varni, 1983). One aspect of this approach is an increasing emphasis on the coordination of services between the medical community and the public schools. There have been two major forces behind linking the care of the chronically ill child’s physical health, social development, and educational attainment. First, technical advances in the detection and treatment of acute, infectious diseases have shifted the focus of pediatrics to the management of chronic illnesses and disease prevention (Russo & Varni, 1982). Second, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (P.L. 94–142) has mandated that public schools accept responsibility for providing appropriate educational and supportive services to chronically ill children, that is, administering medications and detailed medical regimens; furnishing physical, occupational, speech, and language therapy; and changing classroom curricula and building structure (Schroeder, Teplin, & Schroeder, 1982; Walker, 1984).
Determination of stress-strain characteristics at very high strain rates

A modified version of the Kolsky thin-wafer technique is described. The method permits one to obtain the dynamic plastic properties of materials at strain rates as high as 105 sec−1. Data obtained from compression tests on high-purity aluminum are presented for strain rates ranging from 4000 to 120,000 sec−1 at room temperature. Specimen-size effects and the effect of lateral inertia are taken into account in analyzing the data. The results plotted as stress vs. strain rate at constant strains (5 to 20 percent) show that, at the highest strain rates, the stress rises very rapidly with strain rate suggesting that a limiting strain rate is being reached. At the lower strain rates (103 to 104 sec−1), the stress is linearly proportional to the strain rate indicating that the material is deforming in a viscous manner.
The Mathematics of Genetics.

The principles of modern genetics were first discovered by the Austrian monk Gre gor Mendel. In 1866 Mendel published a paper detailing his nine years of work with the cross-pollination of peas. This paper? the first of his two papers in genetics? remained unnoticed until the year 1900, when Mendel's work was independently re produced by three biologists, Hugo de Vries in Holland, Carl Correns in Ger many, and Erich Tschermak in Austria. The experiment that each of these men completed can be described basically as fol lows. Initially two types of peas?one with all yellow seeds in the pods and one with all
Refining actionable HER2 alterations in lung cancers through next generation sequencing (NGS).

e24181Background: Targeting HER2 alterations including mutation, amplification and protein overexpression has been an active area of new drug development. However, the relationships between these H...
High frequency mismatch repair (MMR) pathway mutations in adrenocortical carcinoma: Indication for routine MMR-deficiency (MMR-D) testing.

e16195Background: Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are rare cancers with overall poor prognosis and limited treatment options. We sought to use molecular profiling to predict tumor biology and defin...
African-American Male Aspires to Become a Doctor

This chapter is a case study of an African-American man’s educational journey as he aspires to become a doctor. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the four key components for African-American men to achieve successful admission to medical school.
Geographic multi-criteria evaluation and validation: A case study of wildfire vulnerability in Western North Carolina, USA following the 2016 wildfires

Abstract In 2016, an intense drought occurred in the southeastern U.S. Dry conditions resulted in unprecedented wildfires throughout the southern Appalachian Mountains, especially in western North Carolina (WNC). Future climate change is expected to increase temperatures, alter precipitation, and stress water resources in the region, which could lead to more frequent drought and wildfire. The increasing threat of destructive wildfires combined with a growing wildland-urban interface indicate a need for a comprehensive assessment of wildfire vulnerability in WNC, while recent wildfires offer an opportunity to evaluate assessment accuracy. The study identifies locations vulnerable to wildfire in WNC based on wildfires from 1985 through 2016. By combining tract-level socioeconomic and physical data in a geographic information system, specific locations of vulnerability were identified and validated using wildfire perimeters from 2016. Unlike previous vulnerability research, this study integrates novel methods in GIS, including analytical hierarchical processing, validation, and GIS multi-decision criteria decision making to ensure vulnerability is accurately calculated. The vulnerability index indicates that social vulnerability varies greatly throughout the region, while physical and overall wildfire vulnerability is greatest in rural, mountainous portions of the region, which are less equipped for mitigation. Based on the results, the impacts of future wildfires on quality of life will vary across the region, so targeted responses are needed. The vulnerability index provides transparency to vulnerable communities, enabling policymakers to identify opportunities to prepare for resilience by targeting vulnerability hotspots.
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OPTICAL ROTATORY DISPERSION OF ASYMMETRIC COMPLEX INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

ABSTRACT Considerable interest in the optical rotatory dispersion of asymmetric organic and inorganic compounds has arisen in recent years, especially with regard to the application of this technique to the elucidation of the structures of such compounds. Recent significant advances in instrumental techniques for the determination of optical rotatory dispersion have undoubtedly contributed materially to the renewed interest in this field. One of the factors found in this study to influence the optical rotatory dispersion of asymmetric complex ions is the nature of the optically inactive ions of opposite charge associated with them. A study of the effects of optically inactive ions on the rotatory dispersion of optically active complex ions indicates that there is a strong correlation between ion-pair association, the Cartledge ionic potential of the inactive ions, and the degree of rotation at the maxima and minima of the dispersion curves. There appears to be little effect exerted by the inactive ions on the frequencies of the peaks, troughs and crossover points of the curves. A study of the effects of changing the dielectric constant of the solvent on the optical rotatory dispersion of asymmetric complex ions indicates that shifts to more positive optical rotations (at certain wave-lengths) and little change in the peak, trough, and crossover frequencies of the rotatory dispersion occurs with a reduction of the dielectric constant of the solvent. Studies of the effect of loading a solution with excess inactive ions on the optical rotatory dispersion of asymmetric complex ions also indicate that ion-pair formation produces significant changes in the optical rotatory dispersion in this case as well. Other studies now under way on the optical rotatory dispersion of complex compounds are also discussed.
Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

Although an established standard, conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has disseminated despite an absence of studies demonstrating the value of submucosal injection. Several consequences of poorly executed submucosal injection may increase the difficulty and risk of EMR. Underwater EMR (UEMR), an alternative resection method for colonic neoplasms, avoids the need for submucosal injections. In comparison with reported outcomes of EMR, UEMR achieves similar rates of complete resection with comparable safety, with lower rates of recurrence and fewer repeat procedures. UEMR also compares favorably with endoscopic submucosal dissection in terms of procedure time and rates of complete resection, recurrence, and complications.
Five Episodes of Urban Discovery as a Student Recruitment Strategy in Planning

The literature on graduate-level studio and capstone courses, and the steady decline in student enrollment in recent years demand creative pedagogies to lure undergraduate students into planning. T...
Estimated costs of pivotal trials for U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved cancer drugs, 2015–2017:

Background:Pivotal clinical trials provide critical evidence to regulators regarding a product’s suitability for marketing approval. The objectives of this study are (1) to characterize select feat...
Vertical Sidewall MoS 2 Growth and Transistors

We present novel growth of the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor MoS 2 directly on oxide/Si sidewalls as deep as $3\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ , demonstrating the first vertical 2D transistors with $I_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}}/I_{\mathrm{off}} > 10^{7}$ and $I_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}}\approx 30\mu \mathrm{A}/\mu \mathrm{m}$ , showing promise for high-density memory selector applications. We also demonstrate direct growth on high-k AbO 3 , an important step towards realizing VLSI-compatible 2D transistors. Our results show that 2D semiconductors can be implemented on non-planar surfaces with amorphous dielectrics for 3D back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration and high-density vertical memory selectors.
Composing and decomposing op-based CRDTs with semidirect products: (summary)

Operation-based Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are eventually consistent replicated data types that automatically resolve conflicts between concurrent operations. Opbased CRDTs must be designed differently for each data type, and current designs use ad-hoc techniques to handle concurrent operations that do not naturally commute.We present a new construction, the semidirect product of op-based CRDTs, which combines the operations of two CRDTs into one while handling conflicts between their concurrent operations in a uniform way. We demonstrate the construction's utility by decomposing several existing CRDTs as semidirect products of simpler CRDTs, as well as by using it to construct novel CRDTs. Although it reproduces common CRDT semantics, the semidirect product can be viewed as a restricted kind of operational transformation, thus forming a bridge between the two fields.
Data Fusion for IoMT in Shiping

Combining information from different devices and upgrading it with analysis of the data obtained, both at a particular time and in the development of processes is one of the foundations of personal medicine. It needs to integrate the system for personalized medicine for the crews of ships is unquestionable. The main challenge for such a system is to simultaneously meet all the requirements posed by personal medical systems and the specifics of the ship and the life and work of it.
Excimer Laser Sheath–Assisted Retrieval of “Closed‐Cell” Design Inferior Vena Cava Filters

Background Numerous reports have shown that inferior vena cava filters are associated with clinically significant adverse events. Complicating factors, such as caval incorporation, may lead to tech...
Treatment Continuation Guidance in Psoriatic Arthritis Clinical Care.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has many disease manifestations leading to diverse patient phenotypes. Treatment responses in the same individual may diverge for concomitantly active PsA components. For this reason, evaluation of disease activity and treatment effectiveness for PsA should ideally include assessment of the complete spectrum of manifestations: psoriasis of skin and nails, arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), systemic inflammation, and effect on life. Signs of active disease could then be systematically addressed for each individual. Comprehensive PsA assessment is often challenging in clinical practice because of limitations on time and resources for rheumatology clinic visits. However, clinicians are uniformly confronted with effectiveness questions when treating PsA: Is the treatment working? Is it time to switch therapies? Which treatment should be next? Canete, et al , as described in this issue of The Journal 1, conducted a consensus exercise to define the effectiveness of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) and to support PsA treatment continuation decisions in clinical care. The study addresses a few scenarios relevant to clinicians such as disease severity or prior damage, peripheral and axial disease, and prior biologic experience. Criteria for bDMARD continuation are met in both peripheral and axial PsA if low disease activity (LDA) state and meaningful improvement [score improvement ≥ 3 in Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID)]2 have concomitantly been achieved (Table 1). The alternative continuation criteria, however, allow high or moderate disease activity in patients with severe PsA/damage/multiple biologic failures, as long as a major response to therapy and a patient acceptable symptom state in the PsAID (score ≤ 4) have concomitantly been achieved (Table 1). Because these effectiveness criteria define the lowest threshold for continuation of the treatment in the course in clinical care, they may shape PsA treatment and progression in the future. Comparing treatment strategies becomes … Address correspondence to Dr. A.M. Orbai, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 5200 Eastern Ave., MFL Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Email: aorbai1{at}jhmi.edu.
Bogotá: rostros de marginación y delincuencia juvenil en tres cuentos de Luis Fayad

espanolA traves de su narrativa el escritor colombiano Luis Fayad ha estado ligado a la tematica urbana. Varias de sus obras examinan el tejido social de una Bogota fragmentada. Este estudio se ocupa de tres cuentos en los que Fayad reflexiona sobre la marginalidad urbana a partir de jovenes personajes que delinquen en las calles. A pesar de su caracter ficcional, estos trabajos documentan la realidad marginal de Bogota durante las decadas del sesenta y setenta. Los relatos escogidos, allende de sus meritos esteticos, establecen la memoria de la ciudad, evidencian proyectos sociales fallidos y un intento truncado de modernizacion. EnglishThrough his literary work, Colombian writer Luis Fayad has been linked to urban themes. Several of his stories and novels revolve around the social fabric of a widely fragmented Bogota. In this study, three short stories in which Fayad reflects on urban marginality are analyzed. The protagonists are minors who idly roam and live on the streets participating in unlawful behavior. These texts document the marginal reality that occurred in Bogota over the sixties and seventies. These narratives, beyond their aesthetic merits, establish the memory of the city, revealing a failed social project, and an ineffective plan of modernization.
Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Epidemiology and Treatment.

OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence, presentation, and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with HIV, including the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in this immunosuppressed population. METHODS Patients included in this study were from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a longitudinal cohort of veterans with HIV and age-, race-, and site-matched uninfected veterans. We identified all patients who had ≥1 rheumatologist-generated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) or Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code for RA and whose serum samples were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies. To further confirm the diagnosis of RA, medical charts were reviewed to verify whether patients met the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology 2010 criteria for RA. We recorded DMARD use and adverse effects during the first contiguous course of treatment (i.e., >6 months of no interruption in DMARD treatment). RESULTS This study included 56,250 patients with HIV and 116,944 uninfected individuals over 2,384,541 person-years. Of the 2,748 individuals in this cohort who were reviewed for a diagnosis of RA based on ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes, incident RA was identified in 215 individuals, including 21 patients with HIV. The incidence rate ratio of RA for patients with HIV compared to uninfected individuals was 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.19-0.48). Most of the patients diagnosed as having RA (88%) were seropositive for RA-associated autoantibodies (RF and/or anti-CCP). However, high autoantibody titers were less frequent in RA patients with HIV compared to RA patients without HIV. In total, 5% of RA patients with HIV (1 of 21) had both high titers of anti-CCP and high titers of RF, compared to 41% of uninfected individuals (81 of 194). DMARDs were prescribed in 71% of RA patients with HIV (15 of 21) compared to 94% of RA patients without HIV (183 of 194). There was no indication that the DMARD safety profile was worse among RA patients with HIV who were prescribed DMARDs (n = 10 assessed) compared to RA patients without HIV who were prescribed DMARDs (n = 158 assessed). CONCLUSION In this cohort, incident RA was less common in patients with HIV compared to uninfected individuals. Moreover, compared to RA patients without HIV, the seropositivity rate and titers of RA-specific autoantibodies were lower among RA patients with HIV, and those with HIV were prescribed DMARDs less frequently than those without HIV.
Robust decoding in monitored dynamics of open quantum systems with Z_2 symmetry

We explore a class of "open" quantum circuit models with local decoherence ("noise") and local projective measurements, each respecting a global Z_2 symmetry. The model supports a spin glass phase where the Z_2 symmetry is spontaneously broken (not possible in an equilibrium 1d system), a paramagnetic phase characterized by a divergent susceptibility, and an intermediate "trivial" phase. All three phases are also stable to Z_2-symmetric local unitary gates, and the dynamical phase transitions between the phases are in the percolation universality class. The open circuit dynamics can be purified by explicitly introducing a bath with its own "scrambling" dynamics, as in [Bao, Choi, Altman, arXiv:2102.09164], which does not change any of the universal physics. Within the spin glass phase the circuit dynamics can be interpreted as a quantum repetition code, with each stabilizer of the code measured stochastically at a finite rate, and the decoherences as effective bit-flip errors. Motivated by the geometry of the spin glass phase, we devise a novel decoding algorithm for recovering an arbitrary initial qubit state in the code space, assuming knowledge of the history of the measurement outcomes, and the ability of performing local Pauli measurements and gates on the final state. For a circuit with L^d qubits running for time T, the time needed to execute the decoder scales as O(L^d T) (with dimensionality d). With this decoder in hand, we find that the information of the initial encoded qubit state can be retained (and then recovered) for a time logarithmic in L for a 1d circuit, and for a time at least linear in L in 2d below a finite error threshold. For both the repetition and toric codes, we compare and contrast our decoding algorithm with earlier algorithms that map the error model to the random bond Ising model.
A Survey of Civic Engagement Tools and Capabilities of City and County Government Web Sites

Innovations in web technology have the potential to help city and county governments improve their delivery of services and engage local communities in governance. Using civic engagement theories and best practices of online civic engagement, this research project audits 100 local government sites for their civic engagement capabilities. Results indicate that most cities and county governments place a heavy emphasis on using their websites to streamline delivery of services and little effort in promoting citizen participation and democracy. Building on Musso’s model that distinguishes between managerial versus democratic models of engagement for government websites, we suggest a civic engagement model for local governments that goes beyond service delivery and emphasizes the participation of citizens in the local democratic process.
Rightward verb movement: A reappraisal

A well-known problem for head-final languages is diagnosing rightward head movement. For Germanic OV-languages such as German and Dutch, it has been claimed that there is no evidence for rightward movement of the verb and arguments have been made against such movement. This paper aims to reassess this claim with a focus on German and ultimately argue in favour of head movement to the right. First, I show that the objections raised by Haider against movement to rightward head positions do not provide conclusive evidence against rightward verb movement. Then, I aim to provide arguments in support of rightward verb movement, in particular based on particle verbs.
Exploring novel strategies for social media HPV vaccine information

To respond to potential public health impacts of social media influencing vaccine confidence, Facebook proposed that prior to proceeding to any link about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, a ...
Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: A Theory of International Spaces

Introduction 69 I. Principles of Jurisdiction 71 II. The Theory of the Uploader and the Downloader 73 III. Rejecting Territoriality: The Trouble with Minnesota ... 75 IV. Rejecting Territoriality: “The Law of the Server” 79 V. The Theory of International Spaces 83 A. Overview 83 B. Evolution of International Law 85 C. The Case for International Spaces 87 1. History 87 2. Jurisdiction in Antarctica 88 3. Jurisdiction in Outer Space 91 4. Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: The Vessel of Nationality 93 VI. Jurisdiction in Cyberspace: A Preview 97 A. Copyright Law 97 B. Libel 99 VII. Conclusion 101
Radiation Damage of 50–250 keV Hydrogen Ions in Silicon

Damage distributions in [001] Si crystals bombarded with a fluence of 1016 to 1017/cm2 at 50 keV to 250 keV H+ ions at temperatures below 600° C were measured using high energy He+ channeling. The nature of the damage was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different defect types are formed at different target temperatures, e.g. microblisters located on {111} planes exist between 100°C and 450°C. With higher fluences or post-implantation anneal the Si surface becomes visibly blistered.
Nanodiamond-Polymer Composites

• Advantages of nanodiamond in polymer composites: superior mechanical properties, nanometer size, and fully available surface
“MATERIALITY” REQUIREMENT IN CREDIT DERIVATIVES FRAUD LITIGATIONS: THE HIDDEN ROLE OF THE “SHORT-PARTY”

Since early 2006 until late 2007 when the U.S. housing market began show signs of distress, certain hedge funds and investment banks started to develop complex short-selling strategies based on sophisticated credit derivatives instruments, which enabled them to express a bearish view of systematic spread widening in the U.S. housing market and place unlimited side bets on it. When the U.S. housing market bubble burst, investment banks and hedge funds realized enormous positive returns whilst other investors collectively failed and saw the value of their investments literally vanished away. During the last twelve months, complex synthetic short selling transactions have come under severe scrutiny by the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”). According to the SEC, in the context of such transactions, investment banks made material misrepresentations and omissions to investors, guarantors and portfolio agents by hiding the role and involvement in the asset pool selection process of the “short” party, with economic interest adverse those of long investors. The assessment of the liability of investment banks and certain of their top executive managers responsible for structuring and marketing the synthetic derivative products critically relies on the resolution of the issue of materiality: was the involvement of the short-party in the selection process and its adverse economic interest material? How would a reasonable investor have viewed this information if properly and timely revealed in the context of all facts and circumstances of the case? Would a reasonable investor have acted differently with the benefit of this information under the circumstances of the case? This essay will attempt to answer the aforesaid questions, as follows. Part I will analyze different types of credit derivative products and discuss latest innovations in credit derivatives market. Part II will examine the SEC antifraud enforcement theories and the concept of “materiality” in the context of antifraud provisions. Part III will, then, discuss the materiality of the hidden role of the short-party in the context of three credit derivatives fraud litigations recently brought by the SEC against, respectively, Goldman, Sachs & Co, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Lastly, Part IV will address in details potential legal defenses and factual rebuttal on the issue of materiality.
The Chromatoid Body: A Specialized RNA Granule of Male Germ Cells

RNA processing and miRNA pathways have been shown to exert a central control on a wide variety of cellular functions. The epigenetic program of male germ cells is highly specialized, including RNA processing pathways, which play an important role in the male germ cell lineage. Male germ cells differentiate through a remarkable process of cellular restructuring. One highly specialized structure is the chromatoid body (CB), a male reproductive cell-specific organelle that appears in spermatocytes and spermatids. It is a finely filamentous, lobulated perinuclear granule located in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. The molecular composition and function of the chromatoid body have remained elusive for a longtime. Accumulating evidence indicates that the CB is involved in RNA storing and metabolism, being related to the RNA processing body (P-body) of somatic cells. We propose that the CB operates as an intracellular nerve-center of the microRNA pathway. The role of the chromatoid body underscores the importance of posttranscriptional gene regulation and of the microRNA pathway in the control of postmeiotic male germ cell differentiation.
Simulation of reverse channel of narrowband PCS

The reverse channel of narrowband PCS is shared among all of the portable units, which use the channel to access a collection of base receivers. Multiple portable units may transmit simultaneously in the same frequency channel, giving rise to strong co-channel interference. The movement of portables causes variations in signal powers, as well as phase noise. The combined effects of noise, fading, co-channel interference, shadowing and other phenomena have not been exhaustively considered in the literature. In this paper, we discuss development of models of multiple co-channel interference based on measurements of single and double co-channel interferers. We then describe a Monte Carlo simulation through which one can assess packet success rate and other performance measures as a function of important system parameters, such as the modulation scheme, the signaling rate, and the error-correction code deployed. We also provide a collection of simulation results and discuss their implications.
Psychophysical assessment of whole-body vibration.

Using the methods of magnitude estimation and intensity matching, curves of equal subjective vibration intensity were constructed over the frequency range from 3.5 to 20 Hz. Twenty subjects made magnitude estimations of the intensity of vibration at 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56 gz with vibration at 0.32 gz serving as a standard. These intensities were judged at each of the frequencies of 3.5, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, and 20 Hz. For each frequency, the results were plotted as straight-line functions on log-log graphs of subjective intensity against physical intensity. The slopes of the lines varied as a function of frequency, the steepest slope occurring at 5 Hz. (the frequency of greatest body response due to resonance in this axis). Additional experiments were conducted in which ten subjects matched the intensity of 9-Hz. vibration at 0.16, 0.36, and 0.56 gz with vibration at each of the other six frequencies listed above, and ten different subjects made similar equality judgments against 9-Hz. vibrati...
A social identity approach to ethnic differences in family relationships during adolescence.

Publisher Summary The surge in research on family relationships during adolescence in the past 25 years has begun to extend to the study of ethnic minority families. The focus on families from different ethnic, generational, and cultural backgrounds needs to continue given the demographic changes taking place in the United States in which ethnic minority children increasingly comprise larger proportions of the American population. The chapter illustrates that understanding ethnic differences in family relationships requires going beyond the traditional emphasis on dyadic relationships and focusing on the extent to which families serve as particularity important and salient social identities for adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds. In addition to focusing on dyadic relationships, researchers need to consider ways in which the social status of ethnic minority groups may shape the roles families play in children's lives. A social identity approach cannot account for all of the ways in which ethnicity plays a role in family relationships, but such a focus can help to integrate findings that have emerged in recent years as well as generate new and potentially fruitful questions as one move into the next quarter century of research on adolescent development within the family.
BOOTSTRAP THEORY OF VIBRATIONS. I. PERTURBATIVE SOLUTIONS AND QUASI- RANDOM-PHASE APPROXIMATION IN HEAVY SPHERICAL NUCLEI.

Abstract A self-consistent (bootstrap) theory of vibrations is developed for heavy spherical nuclei. The extended quasiparticle-phonon coupling (EQPC) theory is modified by introducing self-consistent potentials representing large matrix elements of the quadrupole operators between the even-core (ground and phonon) states. The bootstrap is completed by supplementing the EQPC equations with a new equation for the determination of the energy of the collective core states. These bootstrap equations are solved by using first order perturbation theory which leads to RPA. By employing second-order perturbation theory for the energy of the odd-mass states, the restoration of odd-even mass difference by backward coupling is shown. The “pushing-up effect” is also explicitly demonstrated.
An Ecological Classification System for the National Forests and Adjacent Areas of the West Gulf Coastal Plain

Abstract We developed a multifactor ecological classification system (ECS) for the National Forests and adjacent lands of Texas and Louisiana. The ECS classifies lands into ecosystem types: repeating combinations of potential natural vegetation, soils, and physiography. This paper uses results of a portion of this effort from the northern part of Louisiana's Kisatchie National Forest as an example. Forest stands were sampled across a range of soil and topographic situations. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations and TWINSPAN classification of the samples based on ground-layer vegetation corresponded to gradients of topographic position, fire frequency, disturbance, and soil nutrients. A separate ordination of only upland stands clarified relationships between upland vegetation and soil texture. Ordination and TWINSPAN results formed the basis for a final classification of the sample stands and for descriptions and dichotomous keys for seven “land-type phases”—local ecosystem types that share soi...
Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in response to three test positions and two frequencies

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine how eye closure, test positions, and stimulus frequencies influence ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Study Design This study used a within-subjects repeated measures design. Methods Twenty asymptomatic subjects were each tested on ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in three head/eye conditions at 500 Hz and 1,000 Hz using air-conducted sound: 1) sitting upright, head erect, eyes open, looking up; 2) lying supine, neck flexed 30°, eyes open, looking up; and 3) lying supine, neck flexed 30°, eyes closed, relaxed. The four dependent variables measured were n10, p16, amplitude, and threshold. Results Supine/eyes open was comparable to sitting/eyes open and better than supine/eyes closed. Eyes closed resulted in lower amplitude, higher threshold, and prolonged latency. Significantly fewer subjects provided responses with eyes closed than with eyes open. No significant differences were found between both eyes open conditions. Both n10 and p16 were lower at 1,000 Hz than at 500 Hz. Amplitude and threshold were higher at 1,000 Hz than at 500 Hz. Conclusions Supine/eyes open is a reliable alternative to sitting/eyes open in patients who cannot maintain a seated position. Testing at 1,000 Hz provides a larger response with a faster onset that fatigues faster than at 500 Hz. The increased variability and decreased response in the eyes closed position suggest that the eyes closed position is not reliable. Level of Evidence 3b Laryngoscope, 124:E237–E240, 2014
Orbifolds of lattice vertex algebras under an isometry of order two

Abstract Every isometry σ of a positive-definite even lattice Q can be lifted to an automorphism of the lattice vertex algebra V Q . An important problem in vertex algebra theory and conformal field theory is to classify the representations of the σ-invariant subalgebra V Q σ of V Q , known as an orbifold. In the case when σ is an isometry of Q of order two, we classify the irreducible modules of the orbifold vertex algebra V Q σ and identify them as submodules of twisted or untwisted V Q -modules. The examples where Q is a root lattice and σ is a Dynkin diagram automorphism are presented in detail.
Regularity of isoperimetric hypersurfaces in Riemannian manifolds

We add to the literature the well-known fact that an isoperimetric hypersurface S of dimension at most six in a smooth Riemannian manifold M is a smooth submanifold. If the metric is merely Lipschitz, then S is still Holder differentiable.
Waist circumference predicts increased complications in rectal cancer surgery.

Background The impact of obesity on development of postoperative complications after gastrointestinal surgery remains controversial. This may be due to the fact that obesity has been calculated by body mass index, a measure that does not account for fat distribution. We hypothesized that waist circumference, a measure of central obesity, would better predict complications after high-risk gastrointestinal procedures.
Early rapid rise in intraocular pressure after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection

PURPOSE: To report the occurrences of early rapid increases in intraocular (IOP) after intravitreal glucocorticoid injection. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of three patients seen and treated at Duke Eye Center. RESULTS: In all three cases, a significant rise in IOP occurred within 1 week of intravitreal triamcinolone injection for refractory macular edema. In one patient, a white material was found in the angle on gonioscopy. All three cases required surgical intervention to reduce the IOP. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the early rapid rise in IOP in these three cases, we suggest that clinicians closely monitor patients after intravitreal triamcinolone injections for the development of acute glaucoma. Additionally, it may be advisable to perform gonioscopic examinations to look for any abnormal accumulation of material in the angle.
Fertility of teleost semen as affected by dilution and storage in a seminal plasma-mimicking medium☆

Abstract Fertility trials were run with fish semen diluted in Fish Extender #6 and stored for up to 24 h at 10°C. After 30 min of storage, rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ) and northern pike ( Esox lucius ) semen diluted 1:255 maintained control values of fertility. Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) and pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) semen diluted 1:511 also maintained control values of fertility after 30 min of storage. As storage times increased, the dilution ratios that maintained control values of fertility decreased. After 24 h of storage, rainbow trout semen diluted 1:31 and brown trout semen diluted 1:63 maintained control values of fertility. A field trial with rainbow trout semen showed that semen diluted 1:8 maintained control values of fertility after 30 min of storage. Non-motile sperm cells did not significantly ( P >0.05) interfere with the fertilizing ability of motile sperm cells. Calculations from the dilution trials on the number of inseminated sperm cells showed that approximately 4000–169 000 motile sperm cells/egg were required to maintain control values of fertility.
Permeability upscaling of fault zones in the Aztec Sandstone, Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, with a focus on slip surfaces and slip bands

The effect of open and filled slip surfaces on the upscaled permeability of two fault zones with 6 and 14 m strike-slip in an eolian Aztec Sandstone, Nevada, USA is evaluated. Each fault zone is composed of several fault components: a fault core, bounded by filled through-going slip surfaces referred to as slip bands, and a surrounding damage zone that contains joints and deformation bands. Slip band geometry, composition, and petrophysical properties are characterized. Measurements and modeling show that slip band permeabilities can vary over 12 orders of magnitude depending on the degree of fill within the slip bands. The slip bands along with other fault zone components are represented in finite volume numerical calculations and the impact of various slip-band representations on upscaled fault zone permeability is tested. The results show 2 orders of magnitude variation in upscaled fault zone permeability in the fault-normal direction and a factor of 2 variation in the fault-parallel direction. The numerical results presented here are compared to the earlier numerical results in which structured Cartesian grids were used for the numerical simulations, and are in qualitative agreement with earlier calculations but use about a factor of 250–400 fewer numerical cells.
Asymptotic theory of evolution and failure of self-sustained detonations

Based on a general theory of detonation waves with an embedded sonic locus that we have previously developed, we carry out asymptotic analysis of weakly curved slowly varying detonation waves and show that the theory predicts the phenomenon of detonation ignition and failure. The analysis is not restricted to near Chapman–Jouguet detonation speeds and is capable of predicting quasi-steady, normal detonation shock speed versus curvature ( $D$ – $\kappa$ ) curves with multiple turning points. An evolution equation that retains the shock acceleration, $\skew2\dot{D}$ , namely a $\skew2\dot{D}$ – $D$ – $\kappa$ relation is rationally derived which describes the dynamics of pre-existing detonation waves. The solutions of the equation for spherical detonation are shown to reproduce the ignition/failure phenomenon observed in both numerical simulations of blast wave initiation and in experiments. A single-step chemical reaction described by one progress variable is employed, but the kinetics is sufficiently general and is not restricted to Arrhenius form, although most specific calculations are performed for Arrhenius kinetics. As an example, we calculate critical energies of direct initiation for hydrogen–oxygen mixtures and find close agreement with available experimental data.
A theoretical analysis of the environmental effects of lead contamination over time on IQ, education and crime in America: a viewpoint

Lead poisoning and contamination is a major factor which partly explains why racial minorities in the U.S.A. have lower than average IQ's, social mobility, educational success and economic prosperity. When combined with the factors of low birth weight and childhood neglect/physical abuse, higher minority crime rates are partially explained. The major conclusion is that government war on poverty/economic education and opportunity programs for minorities only occurs after negative, detrimental environmental impacts, such as lead contamination‐poisoning have severely impacted the physical and mental health of minorities as children. If the government authorities are serious about a “War on Poverty”, government programs must be in place to protect and nurture minority children before they are born and through age 6.
Congruence in the assessment of service quality between employees and customers: A study of a public health care delivery system

Abstract Using social information processing theory, we examined the congruence between employee and customer assessments of organizations' service quality. The setting was a public health care delivery system. Contrary to expectations, employee assessments of service quality were lower than those of their customers. Also unexpectedly, employees with professional training had less congruent assessments than other employees. As expected, employees with longer tenure and those in departments with stronger customer service work climates had more congruent assessments relative to their customers. The results have implications for both management theory and for managers interested in developing customer-centered organizations.
Alpha naphthylthiourea (ANTU) in dogs; electrophoretic and cholesterol studies on blood plasma and pleural effusion.

Summary and ConclusionOral and intravenous administration of lethal doses of alpha naphthylthiourea (ANTU) to 4 dogs caused death by affecting the permeability of pulmonary and pleural capillaries, which resulted in marked pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. Electrophoretic and nitrogen determinations of the sera showed consistent decreases in the concentration of albumin several hours before death. The proteins of the pleural effusion showed a higher albumin : globulin ratio than those of the serum. The total plasma cholesterol concentration decreased shortly before death and was approximately the same in the effusion.Dogs fed increasingly greater amounts of ANTU during frequent intervals develop a tolerance for large doses of the drug. An increase in the serum α globulin concentration appeared to be a characteristic finding in the development of the tolerance. The plasma cholesterol concentration increased markedly during drug administration and diminished when it was discontinued.
Uncovering microdeletions in patients with severe Glut-1 deficiency syndrome using SNP oligonucleotide microarray analysis

Glut-1 facilitates the diffusion of glucose across the blood-brain barrier and is responsible for glucose entry into the brain. Impaired glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier results in Glut-1 deficiency syndrome (Glut-1 DS, OMIM 606777), characterized in its most severe form by infantile seizures, developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, spasticity, ataxia, and hypoglycorrhachia. Approximately 93% of patients with Glut-1 DS have identifiable mutations by sequence analysis in SLC2A1 which localizes to chromosome 1p34.2. In this report, we describe seven severe cases of Glut-1 DS, including a set of identical twins, caused by microdeletions in the SLC2A1 region. These patients were all mutation negative by molecular sequencing. Microdeletions ranged in size from 45Kb to 4.51Mb, and all were identified using high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) oligonucleotide microarray analysis (SOMA). Cases with microdeletions 82Kb were not resolvable by FISH. All patients had severe epilepsy, significant cognitive and motor delay, ataxia, and microcephaly. MRI changes, when present, were of greater severity than are typically associated with missense mutations in SLC2A1.
2020 computing: the creativity machine.

What will emerge from using the Internet as a research tool? The answer, Vernor Vinge argues, will be limited only by our imaginations. This week's forward-looking science and computing special takes 2020 as the iconic future date. If the rate of progress in the computing industry is any guide, within 15 years nano-scale circuits will be a reality. And 2020 is now seen as possible for what was unimaginable until recently, the practical quantum computer. Another imminent revolution is ‘smart dust’: tiny sensors that monitor everything everywhere. Stephen Muggleton welcomes the data bonanza generated by automation, but argues that science is an essentially human activity and that progress brings its dangers. Hugo-award-winning novelist Vernor Vinge ponders a future we can barely imagine. Alexander Szalay and Jim Gray argue that we are nearing the limit of what one research group can achieve in data handling. Roger Brent and Jehoshuah Bruck ask what computer science can contribute to biological research and Ian Foster reviews the two-way relationship between science and computing.
Polynomial Systems and Kronecker Invariants

Abstract The Kronecker canonical form is generalized from the set of matrix pencils to the set of all the rational matrix functions W(λ) = ∑li = - ∞Wiλi, in a way which depends on the choice of l … N . If a polynomial system W(λ) = C(λI − A)-1B + ∑li = 0Wi λi is given as a partial realization for W, the l-Kronecker form of W is shown to be equal to the classical Kronecker form of the companion pencil. This invariance property fails if we replace the Kronecker form by the McMillan canonical form.
Designing In-Class Simulations.

think and speak on their feet, a valuable skill that comes naturally to few, but is of benefit to everyone. Since you can assess their comprehension of the reading assignments on an ongoing basis, you can freely assign written assignments of greater interest to you and the students-because a full series of written tests on the material is less important. In courses beyond the introductory level, for example, neither of us have final exams. Instead, students do more independent research, like an extra short paper or a more in-depth term paper. The ongoing feedback from class participation also lets professors know more quickly and effectively than weekly quizzes if students are comprehending the material. Because you help them through the material, you can assign more sophisticated readings. Finally, we have found that this method leads to much more satisfying interaction with students. It challenges both the students and us. Class is less predictable, less scripted, more spontaneous; and students have, by virtue of their responses, often caused us to view an issue taught many times before in a new light. They have taught us in turn. The method also requires the instructor to learn all student names; this personalizes classroom interactions and helps to create a greater sense of community and common