cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A representational account of mutual belief

Although the notion of common or mutual belief plays a crucial role in game theory, economics and social philosophy, no thoroughly representational account of it has yet been developed. In this paper, I propose two desiderata for such an account, namely, that it take into account the possibility of inconsistent data without portraying the human mind as logically and mathematically omniscient. I then propose a definition of mutual belief which meets these criteria. This account takes seriously the existence of computational limitations. Finally, I point out that the epistemic ‘logic’ (or theory) needed to make the definition work is subject to the Kaplan/Montague Paradox of the Knower. I argue that this is not a defect of the account, and I discuss briefly the bearing of recent work on the paradox of the Liar upon this problem.
Developing Three‐dimensional Leaders

In many organizational day‐to‐day situations, effective managers require multidimensional leadership characteristics. They need innovator characteristics to solve crises and to identify and “sell” new visions to the organization; implementor characteristics to systematically operationalize the solutions to the crises and the new visions; and pacifier characteristics to maintain the status quo in stable times. Develops a model containing the traits, abilities, and behaviour of the three leader types. Leaders with multi‐dimensional leadership characteristics are scarce, but they can be developed. A management development agent applied this model to a group of about 50 managers who participated in a leadership development programme. The agent reported positive results. Gender barriers, however, were noted.
Colloidal inks for directed assembly of 3-D periodic structures

Mesoscale periodic structures have been fabricated via directed assembly of colloidal inks. Concentrated colloidal gels with tailored viscoelastic properties were designed to form self-supporting f...
Suppression of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, hyperthermia and edema by a bradykinin antagonist

Abstract Although bradykinin (BK) antagonists have antinociceptive effects, they have not been evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. When administered with carrageenan into the rat hindpaw, NPC567 significantly blocke carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, hyperthermia and edena. In addition, NPC567 did not alter the in vitro release of immunoreactive BK by plasma kallikrein. These results indicate that the antinociceptive activity of NPC567, a BK antagonist, may be related to its overall anti-inflammatory activity and that is mechanism of action does not include inhibition of plasma kallikrein.
Purification and characterization of retrovirally transduced hematopoietic stem cells.

Abstract We have developed a method for the purification of retrovirally transduced hematopoietic stem cells, based on a modification of the stem cell purification protocols developed by Spangrude et al. [Spangrude, G., Heimfeld, S. & Weissman, I. (1988) Science 241, 58-64] and Spangrude and Scollay [Spangrude, G. & Scollay, R. (1990) Exp. Hematol. 18, 920-926], that depends upon the use of bone marrow cells isolated from 5-fluorouracil-treated mice that have been subsequently cocultivated with recombinant retrovirus-producing cell lines. We found that purified cell populations bearing a Sca 1+ Lin- Thy 1- surface phenotype represent a 50-100% pure population of spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-S day 12). Animals injected with 300 or more purified cells were consistently radioprotected and reconstituted in multiple lineages with donor cells. Sca 1+ Lin- Thy 1- CFU-S day 12 stem cells were shown to be efficiently (100%) transduced by the recombinant retroviruses used in the study. Gene transfer into long-term reconstituting stem cells, as evidenced by Southern blot analysis of mature hematopoietic cell types 3 months after transplantation, was observed only in recipients injected with large numbers (approximately 4000-5000) of the purified cells. The development of methods for purifying retrovirally transduced stem cells should prove extremely useful for various studies in which it is of interest to characterize the activity of a specific gene product (e.g., growth factor, receptor, oncogene) specifically in primitive hematopoietic cell types.
Who Owns this Work? The Question of Authorship in Professional/Academic Writing

This article raises questions about the social, cultural, and political assumptions embedded in the concept of authorship. The discussion occurs within the framework of social-constructionist theories and is based on a feminist critique of science and composition. This critique challenges us to remember that we and our students operate within a culture, that we and our students are located within gendered categories and along class and race lines, and that each of us has a history and a system of beliefs or worldview. Additionally, the author suggests strategies for infusing personal understandings with professional/academic writings.
Glauber cross sections for inner-shell ionization in multielectron targets by electron impact

Total cross sections for $K$-shell ionization of the ground state of multielectron targets by electron impact have been computed using the single-particle Glauber approximation. Various hydrogenic product wave functions are used to describe both the bound and continuum electron. Projectile-target electron exchange effects are simply approximated by limiting the region of integration over ejected electron momenta so as to avoid double counting. Using this exchange approximation and choosing reasonable effective charges initially and finally for the target, agreement is obtained with existing helium data at projectile energies above 100 eV. The effects of changing various parameters are shown and discussed, and comparisons are made with Born approximations. For $Zg3$ differences between our Glauber and Born total cross sections are small.
p53 Regulates Mitochondrial Respiration

The energy that sustains cancer cells is derived preferentially from glycolysis. This metabolic change, the Warburg effect, was one of the first alterations in cancer cells recognized as conferring a survival advantage. Here, we show that p53, one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancers, modulates the balance between the utilization of respiratory and glycolytic pathways. We identify Synthesis of Cytochrome c Oxidase 2 (SCO2) as the downstream mediator of this effect in mice and human cancer cell lines. SCO2 is critical for regulating the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) complex, the major site of oxygen utilization in the eukaryotic cell. Disruption of the SCO2 gene in human cancer cells with wild-type p53 recapitulated the metabolic switch toward glycolysis that is exhibited by p53-deficient cells. That SCO2 couples p53 to mitochondrial respiration provides a possible explanation for the Warburg effect and offers new clues as to how p53 might affect aging and metabolism.
Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit sperm autoantigens. I. Inhibition of in vitro fertilization and localization on the egg.

Biochemical and antigenic similarities exist among members of what can be considered a family of low molecular weight rabbit sperm autoantigens. These autoantigens are intrinsic plasma membrane glycoproteins specific to spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of rabbit sperm autoantigen-1 (RSA-1) and RSA-2 were compared and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were raised in mice against rabbit sperm autoantigens. The epitopes recognized by the antibodies were present on RSA-1, 2 and 3. A monoclonal anti-RSA-1, 2 and 3 (designated A.F. 1) was used to localize the antigen on spermatozoa and testis cells and investigate the epitope's tissue specificity. This mAb inhibited in vitro fertilization but did not block the sperm from dispersing the cumulus cells surrounding the egg. The mAb also demonstrated the presence of RSA-1, 2 and 3 on the plasma membrane of the egg after fertilization. It is concluded that the RSA family plays a central role in zona penetration.
Transoral-transclival clipping of a giant lower basilar artery aneurysm

The authors discuss the choice of the transoral-transclival approach for the repair of a lower basilar artery aneurysm in a 32-year-old sickle-cell patient. Efficiency of approach and minimization of damage to vital structures support the use of this technique. The risks of cerebrospinal fluid fistula and meningitis are considered. One year after operation, the patient is neurologically intact.
Severe pulmonary hypoplasia associated with giant cervical teratomas

Abstract Background The use of the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure has salvaged many fetuses with giant neck masses. Despite an adequate airway, a subset of these patients die from an inability to achieve adequate gas exchange. Methods We reviewed our experience with the EXIT procedure from 1996 to 2004. The EXIT was used to deliver 23 fetuses with giant neck masses. Results Three fetuses with giant cervical teratomas died of severe pulmonary hypoplasia. On postmortem, these patients had severe airway distortion by the mass. The carina was retracted superiorly to the first or second rib resulting in compression of the lungs in the apices of the chest and pulmonary hypoplasia. Hypoplasia was reflected in the lung weights of 24 vs 38 g and 17 vs 34 g for age-matched normal lung. Conclusions Unsuspected obstructive fetal neck masses can be fatal because of an inability to secure an airway. Prenatal ultrasonography can identify fetuses at risk, allowing the fetus to be salvaged using the EXIT procedure. Despite obtaining airway control, a subset of these patients will die because of pulmonary hypoplasia. When counseling patients with large cervical masses it is important to discuss potential pulmonary hypoplasia in these patients.
Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility

Axoplasm from the squid giant axon contains a soluble protein translocator that induces movement of microtubules on glass, latex beads on microtubules, and axoplasmic organelles on microtubules. We now report the partial purification of a protein from squid giant axons and optic lobes that induces these microtubule-based movements and show that there is a homologous protein in bovine brain. The purification of the translocator protein depended primarily on its unusual property of forming a high affinity complex with microtubules in the presence of a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, adenylyl imidodiphosphate. The protein, once released from microtubules with ATP, migrates on gel filtration columns with an apparent molecular weight of 600 kilodaltons and contains 110-120 and 60-70 kilodalton polypeptides. This protein is distinct in molecular weight and enzymatic behavior from myosin or dynein, which suggests that it belongs to a novel class of force-generating molecules, for which we propose the name kinesin.
Reinvestigation of the α-activity of Conway granite

ADAMS et al.1,2 reported evidence for an unidentified 4.4 MeV α-activity in certain core sections taken from Conway granite in New Hampshire. A similar α-activity has also been reported by Cherdyntsev et al.3 and by Brukl et al.4 in different materials, but in neither case was it ever confirmed. We report here our reinvestigation of this phenomenon, and that we were unable to confirm the evidence of a 4.4 MeV α-activity in the Conway granite.
A Fluorometric Ferric Chloride Method for Determining Cholesterol in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum

Sensitive or simple methods for the rapid determination of cholesterol in biological fluids have been developed during the past 10 years. Sensitivity has been increased by fluorimetry of the Lieberman—Burchard reaction for cholesterol. Measurement of the reaction of cholesterol with ferric chloride is simpler. Still, there are great differences between the results when different methods are used to measure the microquantities of cholesterol present in small volumes of serum or cerebrospinal fluid. In the proposed method, the simpler ferric chloride technique has been made highly sensitive by use of fluorometry. As little as 100 µl of cerebrospinal fluid, containing less than 1 µg of cholesterol, may be used, and the reaction is stable for as long as 1 h. Interference was negligible from pigments (such as bilirubin and hemoglobin), certain drugs, and ionic substances that might be expected to affect fluorescence.
Communication and sensing trade-offs in decentralized mobile sensor networks: a cross-layer design approach

In this paper we characterize the impact of imperfect communication on the performance of a decentralized mobile sensor network. We first examine and demonstrate the trade-offs between communication and sensing objectives, by determining the optimal sensor configurations when introducing imperfect communication. We further illustrate the performance degradation caused by non-ideal communication links in a decentralized mobile sensor network. To address this, we propose a decentralized motion-planning algorithm that considers communication effects. The algorithm is a cross-layer design based on the proper interface of physical and application layers. Simulation results will show the performance improvement attained by utilizing this algorithm.
Deprogramming: from private self-help to governmental organized repression

This paper examines deprogramming, a multi-faceted form of derecruitment from unpopular religious groups (“cults”) developed in the United States and then spreading to other nations, as a form of social control of new religious movements. The early history of deprogramming in the United States is discussed, and then its more recent application in Japan against members of the Unification Church is detailed. A continuum is presented that has self-help remedies at one end, and governmental repression at the other. Self-help forms of deprogramming are illustrated mainly by the United States which has First Amendment protections for religious groups which afford some protection from governmental intervention. Governmental forced derecruitment is illustrated by China’s effort to stamp out the Falun Gong through a very systematic official governmental program involving many institutions operating with full support of the government and the Chinese Communist Party. In between these extremes are cases such as Japan’s social control efforts, and some within the United States, where governmental officials and agencies turn a “blind eye” to self-help remedies, allowing them to operate, or even engage in covert activities to suppress unpopular religious groups.
A LEATHERBACK SEA TURTLE FROM THE EOCENE OF ANTARCTICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIQUITY OF GIGANTOTHERMY IN DERMOCHELYIDAE

(2003). A leatherback sea turtle from the Eocene of Antarctica: implications for antiquity of gigantothermy in Dermochelyidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 945-949.
Digital Holographic PIV for 3D Flow Measurement

We have developed a simple digital holographic PIV system for 3D measurement of turbulent and multiphase flow. This system records in-line holograms of tracer particles directly on a digital camera and reconstructs the 3D particle field numerically. Using a novel complex amplitude-based method, we are able to overcome the depth of focus problem and the speckle noise problem associated with the low resolution of digital sensors and the in-line holographic setup. In this paper we will give detailed description of our system, and present the preliminary result of the benchmark experiment using a water jet.
Peer-level patient presenters decrease pharmacy students' social distance from patients with schizophrenia and clinical depression.

Objectives. To create a doctor of pharmacy curricular experience that will decrease students' social barriers to interaction with and treatment of mentally-ill patients. Design. We created a survey...
Why Stacked Models Perform Effective Collective Classification

Collective classification techniques jointly infer all class labels of a relational data set, using the inferences about one class label to influence inferences about related class labels. Kou and Cohen recently introduced an efficient relational model based on stacking that, despite its simplicity, has equivalent accuracy to more sophisticated joint inference approaches. Using experiments on both real and synthetic data, we show that the primary cause for the performance of the stacked model is the reduction in bias from learning the stacked model on inferred labels rather than true labels. The reduction in variance due to conditional inference also contributes to the effect but it is not as strong. In addition, we show that the performance of the joint inference and stacked learners can be attributed to an implicit weighting of local and relational features at learning time.
Perflubron emulsion increases subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension in rats

Oxygen plays a central role in wound healing. The hypothesis of this study was that the administration of a perfluorocarbon emulsion, which dissolves oxygen will increase subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PsqO 2 ) in normovolemic and hemorrhaged animals. In the first set of experiments, PsqO 2 was measured with a polarographic oxygen electrode along the dorsum of normovolemic-anesthetized rats (n=20) breathing supplemental oxygen. After baseline equilibration of tissue oxygen tension, perflubron emulsion (n=12) or saline control (n=8) was administered. Perflubron administration increased PsqO 2 by 32.0 ± 7.2 mmHg, whereas saline administration had no effect (-1.0 ± 6.6 mmHg). In a second set of experiments, PsqO 2 (n=12) was measured in rats breathing 100 percent oxygen after being bled 20 percent of their blood volume. Creating hypovolemic rats allowed for the study of the effect of perflubron emulsion administration on subcutaneous oxygen tension in tissues with compromised blood flow. Perflubron emulsion was only effective at increasing oxygen tension in tissues with oxygen extractions less then 2.0 vol%. These findings agree with those results analytically predicted based on the oxygen solubility of the perflubron emulsion.
On the control of magnetically levitated robot wrists

The author deals with the problem of controlling six-degrees-of-freedom magnetically levitated robot wrists. This control problem is greatly simplified by the use of the Euler quaternion representation of rotation. It is shown that both the approximate and exact linearizations of the equations of motion are fully decoupled second-order systems, and therefore simple scalar PD/PID (proportional-derivative/proportional-integral-derivative) compensators can be used for their control. The author presents a novel nonlinear angular velocity or angular momentum observer and shows that it has global and eventually exponential convergence. The author presents simulation results and discusses some implementation issues and experimental results. The simulations, using the magic wrist parameters, showed that these controllers perform well. >
Dynamic morphologies of microscale droplet interface bilayers

Droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) are a powerful platform for studying the dynamics of synthetic cellular membranes; however, very little has been done to exploit the unique dynamical features of DIBs. Here, we generate microscale droplet interface bilayers (μDIBs) by bringing together femtoliter-volume water droplets in a microfluidic oil channel, and characterize morphological changes of the μDIBs as the droplets shrink due to evaporation. By varying the initial conditions of the system, we identify three distinct classes of dynamic morphology. (1) Buckling and fission: when forming μDIBs using the lipid-out method (lipids in oil phase), lipids in the shrinking monolayers continually pair together and slide into the bilayer to conserve their mass. As the bilayer continues to grow, it becomes confined, buckles, and eventually fissions one or more vesicles. (2) Uniform shrinking: when using the lipid-in method (lipids in water phase) to form μDIBs, lipids uniformly transfer from the monolayers and bilayer into vesicles contained inside the water droplets. (3) Stretching and unzipping: finally, when the droplets are pinned to the wall(s) of the microfluidic channel, the droplets become stretched during evaporation, culminating in the unzipping of the bilayer and droplet separation. These findings offer a better understanding of the dynamics of coupled lipid interfaces.
A novel approach for new e-commerce product positioning and to-go/not-to go with rapid prototyping experience

Launching a new e-commerce product in the market and becoming successful is almost impossible since it requires lot of investment not only in marketing the product but also implementing the product. Before taking the risk of investment, it is better to survey the other e-commerce products and consumers requirement and implement a prototype rapidly. Once the prototype is done, we can decide to-go or not-to-go for it. This paper presents an approach of coming up with a new commerce product. It also shows how to position the product in the market. It also shows an effective way to implement a prototype using XML, HTML and JavaScript. This paper takes an example and shows all the steps including prototype implementation. The prototype implementation took only two days. The author also shares his experience, which will help others to develop any e-commerce product rapidly and go for to-go/not-to go decision. This will save millions of dollar of investment. This paper describes both business and technical aspects of a novel approach for new e-commerce product positioning and to-go/not-to go with rapid prototyping experience.
Quantum Criticality Stabilizes High T c Superconductivity Against Competing Symmetry-Breaking Instabilities

The occurrence of high-T c superconductivity in systems including the cuprates and the iron-based superconductors, is known to coincide with the existence of anomalous normal-state properties which have been associated with quantum criticality. We argue here that this observation results from the fact that quantum criticality can allow the occurrence of very-strong-coupling superconductivity by preventing its suppression due to competing symmetry-breaking instabilities. Treating the electrons through a large-U ansatz yields their separation into boson quasiparticles which are directly involved in the formation of these instabilities, represented as their Bose condensates, and charge-carrying fermion quasiparticles which are affected by them indirectly. Within the critical regime, condensates corresponding to the different broken-symmetry states are combined; consequently their negative effect on the pairing of the fermions is strongly diminished, enabling high-T c superconductivity to occur. The observed phase diagram of the hole-doped cuprates then derives from a hidden T=0 quantum phase transition between a Fermi-liquid and a non-Fermi-liquid broken-symmetry striped state. The pseudogap range within this diagram is found to include two distinct regimes, with partial pairing occurring in one of them. Conclusions are drawn concerning a strategy for searching for new high-T c systems with higher transition temperatures.
Segmentation and tracking of multiple humans in complex situations

Segmenting and tracking multiple humans is a challenging problem in complex situations in which extended occlusion, shadow and/or reflection exists. We tackle this problem with a 3D model-based approach. Our method includes two stages, segmentation (detection) and tracking. Human hypotheses are generated by shape analysis of the foreground blobs using a human shape model. The segmented human hypotheses are tracked with a Kalman filter with explicit handling of occlusion. Hypotheses are verified while being tracked for the first second or so. The verification is done by walking recognition using an articulated human walking model. We propose a new method to recognize walking using a motion template and temporal integration. Experiments show that our approach works robustly in very challenging sequences.
The migration of monism and the matrix of trinitarian mediation

The history of Western society is marked by the migration of monism. Christendom's concept of God was that of an Absolute Individual that enslaves: God is everything and humanity is nothing. It was replaced by its opposite – the Enlightenment's hero, man come of age – the absolute individual. Here humanity is viewed as everything and God as nothing, or at least off on holiday. Today, in keeping with the easternisation of the West, many are willing to sacrifice their autonomy for a view of reality wherein everything is God. Each outlook betrays the same fundamental weakness: a failure to provide space for otherness. What is required then is a concept of being that provides space for otherness within itself. The doctrine of the Trinity offers such a matrix of mediation. God is a sovereign community of persons – Father, Son and Holy Spirit – who exists freely in mutual love, and who therefore creates out of an overflow of gracious love rather than from need for communion or a drive towards consumption. There is relational space for otherness and freedom within the Godhead as Father, Son and Spirit mutually constitute one another. By extension, there is freedom to be other outside the Godhead, demonstrated in Christ's self-giving through the Spirit in the incarnation, crucifixion and resurrection. In closing, it will be argued that such a model safeguards appropriate space for otherness while at the same time fostering a more profound dynamic of mystical union, which so many today seek in the easternised West.
Cross-Channel Customer Mapping

In multi-channel setting (for example, Web channel and storefront), one often is required to generate an integrated view of customers across channels for making better CRM, marketing and merchandizing decisions. It is essential to identify a customer uniquely across channels to generate an integrated customer view. It is often not feasible to impose a unique identifier on a customer across channels. Moreover, a customer may not provide true demographic information, making it even more difficult to track. In the absence of a unique identifier and correct demographic information, the behavioral signature of a customer can perhaps be used to track customer across channels (cross-channel customer mapping) where behavioral signature comprises of the channel-independent behavioral characteristics. We define certain channel-independent behavioral characteristics that are easily computable and adaptable with incremental information gain. We then provide algorithms to match behavioral signatures across channels. We demonstrate our methodology using 'safeway' data, where we achieved significant accuracy, for example, over 90% for the high value customers.
Delivering cloud services with QoS requirements

The flexible and pay-as-you-go computing capabilities offered by Cloud infrastructures are nowadays very attractive, and widely adopted by many organizations and enterprises. In particular this is true for those having periodical or variable tasks to execute, and, choose to not or cannot afford the expenses of buying and managing computing facilities or software packages, that should remain underutilized for most of the time. For their ability to couple the scalability offered by public service providers, with the wider Quality of Service (QoS) provisions and ad-hoc customizations provided by private Clouds, Hybrid Clouds (HC) seem a particularly appealing solution for customers requiring something more than the mere availability of the service.The paper firstly introduces a Cloud brokering system leveraging on a promising architectural approach, based on the use of a gateway toolkit. This approach provides noticeably advantages, both to customers and to Cloud Brokers (CB), for its ability to hide all the intricacies related to the management of powerful, but often complex and heterogeneous infrastructures like the Cloud. Moreover such approach, through customized interfaces, facilitates customers in accessing Cloud resources thus easing the tailored deployment and execution of their applications and workflows.The major contribution of this work is given by the analysis of a set of brokering strategies for Hybrid Clouds, implemented by a brokering algorithm, aimed at the execution of various applications subject to different user requirements and computational conditions. With the objective of firstly maximize both user satisfaction and CB's revenues the algorithm also pursues profit increases through the reduction of energy costs by adopting energy saving mechanisms. A simulation model is used to evaluate performance, and the results show that differences among strategies depend on type and size of system loads and that the use of turn on and off techniques greatly improves energy savings at low and medium load rates thus indirectly increasing CB revenues without diminishing customers' satisfaction. We introduced, the description of a new architectural approach based on the gateway paradigm for the QoS-aware cloud broker on the Hybrid Cloud.We discussed the use of energy saving policies and evaluate it by an energy metric.We incorporated a preemption mechanism able to guarantee the whole satisfaction of specific high priority users.We evaluated system usage through the utilization metric, and related it with respect others metrics.We went in more details, in the analysis of simulated scheduling scenarios and behaviors with respect to the new policies and metrics.
Synthesis of (Alumino) Silicate Materials Using Organic Molecules and Self-Assembled Organic Aggregates as Structure-Directing Agents

Microporous zeolites can be synthesized using organic structure-directing molecules whose function is to organize inorganic species into particular topologies that then spontaneously self-assemble into the final crystalline materials. Extension of the zeolite assembly process to the use of organic molecular aggregates as structure-directing agents yields ordered mesoporous materials like MCM-41 and MCM-48. A unifying picture of the assembly processes ocurring in the syntheses of micro- and mesoporous materials is presented.
Simulation of integration of Bacillus thuringiensis and the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) for control of susceptible and resistant diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae)

We used computer simulations to better understand how to combine the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and the parasitoid Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov to control diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The simulations incorporated potential for the evolution of moth resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis with Bacillus thuringiensis -parasitoid-pest interactions. We considered the effects of pest immigration, pesticide refuge, and pesticide dose on diamondback moth control and resistance development by diamondback moth. Four major conclusions were drawn. First, C. plutellae and B. thuringiensis could be used effectively to control diamondback moth. Second, the use of parasitoids such as C. plutellae could slow the evolution of pesticide resistance by decreasing the number of generations in which pesticide treatment is required. Third, parasitoids could be complementary to refuges from pesticides, with parasitoids maintaining control of a pest while refuges slow the development of resistance to the pesticide by the pest. Fourth, in conjunction with the use of parasitoids, high dose or low dose strategies have similar consequences on pest density over long periods. However, unless there is substantial immigration of susceptible individuals into the pest population or some type of pesticide refuge, a low dose strategy is better for controlling pests.
CRT-200.31 Angina Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Is Common and Not Affected by Stent Type

Although metallic coronary stents significantly reduce angina pectoris when compared to optimal medical therapy, angina after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains frequent. We therefore sought to compare the incidence of any angina during the 1 year after PCI among the spectrum of
What is the optimal observation time for a penetrating wound to the flank

Options for a hemodynamically stable patient with a penetrating wound to the flank or back but no peritonitis, includes serial physical examinations versus a triple-contrast CT scan. There is, however, little consensus on the minimum time for serial examinations to exclude an injury that requires an operation. Therefore, a retrospective review of patients who sustained a penetrating wound to the flank or back and were admitted to a Level I trauma center was performed. Patients were identified through the trauma registry, patient charts, and morbidity/mortality records. From 1995 to 2003, 93 patients undergoing observation for a penetrating flank/back wound subsequently required a therapeutic laparotomy. The time from admission to operation was less than 3 hours for 84 per cent of the patients requiring therapeutic intervention. A further 10 per cent presented with symptoms between 4 to 6 hours, and 6 per cent between 7 to 18 hours. All the injuries caused symptoms within 18 hours of the injury event. The majority of patients (94%) who require a laparotomy after a period of observation for a penetrating flank/back wound will develop signs and symptoms within 6 hours of admission. A period of hospitalization longer than 18 hours did not detect further injuries in the asymptomatic patient.
The Self-Consistent Field Equations for Generalized Valence Bond and Open-Shell Hartree—Fock Wave Functions

The basic starting point for calculating ab initiowave functions of molecules is generally the Hartree—Fock (HF) wave function, which in the simplest case involves two electrons (one with each spin) in each orbital Φi with the total wave function antisymmetrized in order to satisfy the Pauli principle $$ a[({\phi _{1}}\alpha )({\phi _{1}}\beta )({\phi _{2}}\alpha )({\phi _{2}}\beta )...({\phi _{n}}\alpha )({\phi _{n}}\beta )] = a[({\phi _{1}}{\phi _{1}}{\phi _{2}}{\phi _{2}}...{\phi _{n}}{\phi _{n}}\alpha \beta \alpha \beta ...\alpha \beta )] $$ (1) Here a is the antisymmetrizer or determinant operator* and α and β are the usual spin functions. In Eq. (1) as elsewhere, we arrange products of spatial functions and spin functions in order of increasing electron numbers.
Revisiting NH4H2PO4: 1H MAS, CRAMPS, and Spin–Lattice Relaxation

Numerous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations of the KH2PO4 family of hydrogen-bonded compounds that display ferroelectric behavior have reported results related to structure, molecular motion, and phase transitions. The current study looks at how high magnetic field and high-resolution solid-state techniques affect the measured NMR parameters for ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). Under magic-angle spinning (MAS), the ammonium and acid protons do not achieve a common spin temperature as previously stated in the literature [i.e., the spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) are different]. While the relaxation behavior in the static sample can be well-described with a single exponential at ambient temperature and below, the behavior becomes increasingly nonexponential as the sample is taken above ambient temperature. This behavior may arise from the motion of the ammonium moiety or from ionic conduction. The three principal values of the 1H shielding tensors for the different species of proton...
Mom-I don't want to hear it: Brain response to maternal praise and criticism in adolescents with major depressive disorder

Recent research has implicated altered neural response to interpersonal feedback as an important factor in adolescent depression, with existing studies focusing on responses to feedback from virtual peers. We investigated whether depressed adolescents differed from healthy youth in neural response to social evaluative feedback from mothers. During neuroimaging, twenty adolescents in a current episode of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 28 healthy controls listened to previously recorded audio clips of their own mothers' praise, criticism and neutral comments. Whole-brain voxelwise analyses revealed that MDD youth, unlike controls, exhibited increased neural response to critical relative to neutral clips in the parahippocampal gyrus, an area involved in episodic memory encoding and retrieval. Depressed adolescents also showed a blunted response to maternal praise clips relative to neutral clips in the parahippocampal gyrus, as well as areas involved in reward and self-referential processing (i.e. ventromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and thalamus/caudate). Findings suggest that maternal criticism may be more strongly encoded or more strongly activated during memory retrieval related to previous autobiographical instances of negative feedback from mothers in depressed youth compared to healthy youth. Furthermore, depressed adolescents may fail to process the reward value and self-relevance of maternal praise.
The Bifurcation Interpreter: A Step Towards the Automatic Analysis of Dynamical Systems

The Bifurcation Interpreter is a computer program that autonomously explores the steady-state orbits of one-parameter families of periodically- driven oscillators. To report its findings, the Interpreter generates schematic diagrams and English text descriptions similar to those appearing in the science and engineering research literature. Given a system of equations as input, the Interpreter uses symbolic algebra to automatically generate numerical procedures that simulate the system. The Interpreter incorporates knowledge about dynamical systems theory, which it uses to guide the simulations, to interpret the results, and to minimize the effects of numerical error.
All's well following living kidney donation?

Wellbeing following living kidney donation, both physical and psychosocial, continues to be a concern and area of investigative focus decades following the acceptance of kidney transplantation as treatment for end-stage kidney disease. In this issue, Maple and colleagues report their prospective study of wellbeing in living kidney donors during the first year after donation, using a comprehensive array of psychosocial outcome measures. Their aim was to produce a quantitative analysis to better inform both transplant teams and potential donors. Their thorough assessment found that while donors felt that donation had changed their outlook on life for the better, there was no quantitative improvement in the measures of psychosocial health. But, reassuringly, there was also no evidence of harm. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Church and (re)Birth: Legacies of Christianity for Maternal Care in Nigeria

Religious conversion has long paralleled and often intersected development schemes in Africa with reproductive health interventions. For example, the rapid expansion of Pentecostalism in Nigeria has impacted women's labor and delivery practices, and is more recently being pit against state-run maternal health programs. This essay examines these dynamics and calls for a re-thinking of secularization theories alongside the changing role of religion in the modern state. For international aid organizations, achievements in reproductive health often serve as markers of development and are seen as steps toward modernization. Although hundreds of millions of dollars have been put towards maternal health modernization, little “progress” has been made in Nigeria, where woman often deliver their children in mission homes, which are run by Pentecostal churches, shun biomedicine, and use prayer alone to assist childbirth. Seen as a stagnation of development projects by the state, these religious birthing practices are being linked to a protracted process of secularization. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in southwestern Nigeria, this article explores how transformations in religiosity shape the care of pregnant and birthing women in a predominantly Christian region of Nigeria. It discusses state efforts to both arbitrate over and assimilate mission homes and the implications these confrontations have on the reproductive lives of women. Last, it reflects on the figure of the “religious fanatic” in healthcare settings.
Six Trikentrin-like Cyclopentanoindoles from Trikentrion flabelliforme. Absolute Structural Assignment by NMR and ECD

Six new cyclopenta[g]indoles were isolated from a West Australian sponge, Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912, and their structures elucidated by integrated spectroscopic analysis. The compounds are analogues of previously described trikentrins, herbindoles, and trikentramides from related Axinellid sponges. The assignment of absolute configuration of the new compounds was carried out largely by comparative analysis of specific rotation, calculated and measured ECD, and exploiting van’t Hoff’s principle of optical superposition. Five of the new compounds were chemically interconverted to establish their stereochemical relationships, leading to a simple chiroptical mnemonic for assignment of the this family of chiral indoles. The first biosynthetic hypothesis is advanced to explain the origin of the trikentrin–herbinole family and proposes a pyrrole–carboxylic thioester-initiated polyketide synthase mechanism.
Extended Release Formulations of Anticonvulsant Medications

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that requires adherence to long term anticonvulsant drug therapy for successful outcomes. Most established anticonvulsants must be taken several times a day because of short half-lives and narrow therapeutic indices. Extended release (ER) formulations of some anticonvulsants have been developed to reduce dose frequency and to maintain constant plasma drug concentrations, and to reduce adverse effects.
Effect of Time Gaps and Lane Flow Distributions on Freeway Bottleneck Capacity

An alternative to the current approach to freeway bottleneck capacity analysis is outlined: average time gaps (average time separations between the rear of a vehicle and the front of one following it), average passage times (average times for vehicles to pass a point), and lane flow distributions serve as intervening variables to link geometric, vehicle population, and driver population characteristics to capacity flows. The first phase of research to evaluate this approach is described. The goal was to investigate interrelationships between the intervening variables and to relate them to average flow per lane under capacity conditions. Two types of “capacity condition”—pre-queue flow and queue discharge flow—were considered. Traffic data for 18 extended data collection periods at 15 bottlenecks in the Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota; San Diego, California; and Seattle, Washington, areas were analyzed to calculate average values of critical lane time gaps (where the critical lane is that with the highest flow rate), critical lane passage times, and critical lane flow ratios (ratio of critical lane flow to flow per lane) and to relate them to average flows for periods of pre-queue and queue discharge flow. Critical lane average time gaps were not significantly correlated with critical lane flow ratios but were significantly correlated with average passage times and with flow per lane in both pre-queue and queue discharge flow; however, critical lane flow ratios were significantly correlated with flow per lane in queue discharge flow only. There is a strong, near-linear negative relationship between critical lane flows and critical lane average time gaps in both pre-queue and queue discharge flow.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Computing in Engineering

With the increasing ubiquity of computing, more engineering programs now require their students to take one or more computing courses. At institutions where significant numbers of engineering students take computer courses, computing instructors and educators often assume roles that have them teaching their computing courses for non-majors as service courses, dealing with students with diverse backgrounds and varied motivations. Although teaching computing courses to non-majors is not new, the increasing importance of computing in future undergraduate engineering curricula poses new challenges. In this Special Issue, four of the papers offer insight into, and give evidence of, teaching computing to engineering students; the fifth paper investigates computational modeling abilities in conceptual understanding of electric circuits.
Volume hologram replication system for photovoltaic applications

A replication system and method for fabricating volume hologram arrays is reviewed in this paper. The replication system can be used to fabricate high-efficiency transmission volume holographic lens arrays that are well-suited for spectrum-splitting photovoltaic applications. As in the well-known contact-copy replication technique, the new technique uses a master hologram to generate the desired holographic exposure, however no contact is required with the copy hologram. The object and reference beams for the holographic exposure are generated by discrete “coupling elements” on the master hologram and coupled through a prism to form an interference pattern on the copy hologram. The system can be implemented using relatively inexpensive lab equipment, but also has potential for large-scale production of holographic elements. A prototype system was developed and used to fabricate an experimental holographic lens array with a large aperture (9.6cm X 6cm) and high median diffraction efficiency (95.6%).
The Influence of the Psychoanalytic Community of Emigrès (1930–1950) on Clinical Social Work with Children

This study examines the influence of emigre psychoanalysts on clinical social work with children in America. It is anticipated that this study will be useful in understanding the transformation of some social workers into more psychoanalytically-oriented clinicians regarding the treatment of children during the period 1900–1950. Using literature review and primary source material, the study examines the evolution of clinical social work with children from a child welfare model to a child guidance model incorporating psychoanalytic thinking. The study examines how psychoanalytic theory influenced social workers in their conceptualization and treatment of children, and describes the difficulties confronted by the emigre psychoanalytic community as it tried to enter professional practice in America.
Avoiding unnecessary bronchoscopy in children with suspected foreign body aspiration using computed tomography

Abstract Background Bronchoscopy is the standard of care for diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration (FBA). Drawbacks of this approach include its invasiveness, the potential for exacerbation of reactive airway disease, and the need for general anesthesia. Computed tomography (CT) can potentially identify patients with FBA, thereby avoiding unnecessary bronchoscopies in patients with at-risk reactive airways. Methods A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent CT and/or bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration (FBA) from June 2012 to September 2018. Variables included clinical history, exam findings, radiographic findings, and operative findings. A telephone survey was performed for patients who had a CT without bronchoscopy. Three radiologists performed rereads of all CTs. Results A total of 133 patients were evaluated for FBA, and 84 were treated with bronchoscopy. For those with a CT demonstrating a foreign body, findings were confirmed on bronchoscopy in 17/18 (94.4%). For those with bronchoscopy alone, 39/64 (60.9%) were found to have a foreign body (p Conclusion CT is an accurate and reliable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of FBA that can increase the rate of positive bronchoscopy. Type of study Retrospective comparative study. Level of evidence Level III.