cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite-Fault Bayesian Inversion of Teleseismic Body Waves

Abstract Inverting geophysical data has provided fundamental information about the behavior of earthquake rupture. However, inferring kinematic source model parameters for finite‐fault ruptures is an intrinsically underdetermined problem (the problem of nonuniqueness), because we are restricted to finite noisy observations. Although many studies use least‐squares techniques to make the finite‐fault problem tractable, these methods generally lack the ability to apply non‐Gaussian error analysis and the imposition of nonlinear constraints. However, the Bayesian approach can be employed to find a Gaussian or non‐Gaussian distribution of all probable model parameters, while utilizing nonlinear constraints. We present case studies to quantify the resolving power and associated uncertainties using only teleseismic body waves in a Bayesian framework to infer the slip history for a synthetic case and two earthquakes: the 2011 M w 7.1 Van, east Turkey, earthquake and the 2010 M w 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah, Baja California, earthquake. In implementing the Bayesian method, we further present two distinct solutions to investigate the uncertainties by performing the inversion with and without velocity structure perturbations. We find that the posterior ensemble becomes broader when including velocity structure variability and introduces a spatial smearing of slip. Using the Bayesian framework solely on teleseismic body waves, we find rake is poorly constrained by the observations and rise time is poorly resolved when slip amplitude is low. Electronic Supplement: Figures of histograms of slip and rise time, waveform comparisons between data and synthetics, and slip velocity along the fault plane for a synthetic case, as well as for the 2011 M w 7.1 Van, east Turkey, earthquake, and the 2010 M w 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah, Baja California, earthquake.
The Flipped Training Model: Six Steps for Getting Employees to Flip Out Over Training

One of the latest trends in education is “flipping” the classroom. The premise behind this form of blended learning is to reframe the role of the teacher in the classroom, to shift the focus towards the student as the constructor rather than receptor of information. As such, a stepwise framework for flipping the classroom is presented in this article, serving as a starting point for training practitioners interested in how to flip the corporate classroom.
Nineteenth-Century American Literature and the Long Civil War

In this graceful intervention into the boundaries of nineteenth century literary studies, Cody Marrs begins with a polite polemic against the routine division of American literature into the ‘pre’ ...
Orientation to and Validation of Relational Diversity Practice

This chapter locates clinical social work practice with diverse populations in the mainstream of contemporary relational practice. As a practice which focuses on immediate client needs as well as the underpinnings in the individual’s internal life that affect competence, empowerment, and self-regard, social work has from the beginning been a relational profession (Tosone, Smith College Studies in Social Work, 74(3), 475–487, 2004). This chapter draws on the psychoanalytic traditions of object relations theory, self-psychology, and interpersonal psychoanalysis, summarizing key skills that pertain to the here-and-now, humanistic, and socially informed work that updates the social work tradition. Core skills of social work education are supported and deepened by demonstrating how the psychodynamic concepts of relational theory build mutuality, self-reflective awareness, and relevance to urgent and culturally embedded issues that dominate contemporary clinical practice. Relational social work roots are explained in terms of their historical context, their key concepts and principles, their use in direct practice, and their unique contribution to diversity practice. Diversity itself is explored as a clinical practice dimension, offering the practitioner opportunities for enhanced connection with clients in all clinical social work, as well as with specific populations. Attunement, mutual discovery, co-construction of meanings, collaborative treatment planning, and use of enactments of transference and countertransference are among the dimensions illustrating the therapeutic use of differences between client and clinician. Stages of practice are presented, translating theory to application for the clinical social work student, educator, and practitioner.
Modeling of Phase-Change Memory: Nucleation, Growth, and Amorphization Dynamics During Set and Reset: Part I—Effective Media Approximation

We have constructed a framework that enables finite-element modeling of nucleation, growth, and amorphization processes in phase-change memory devices using a single rate equation that tracks evolution of local crystal density at each mesh point. The rate equation, current continuity equation, and Fourier heat transfer equation are solved simultaneously to perform electro-thermal simulations that capture the device dynamics during set and reset operations. The functionality of this framework is demonstrated through simulation of various set and reset operations and consecutive set/reset cycles of a mushroom cell using temperature and crystallinity dependent parameters for Ge2Sb2Te5.
Gastritis: a pattern-based approach

Abstract Evaluation of inflammatory gastric biopsies is one of the most common tasks pathologists face on a daily basis. Their analysis requires recognition of inflammatory patterns and their associated differential diagnoses, an especially vital skill in the not-so-uncommon instance when there is little clinical information available. In this review we summarize the most common gastric inflammatory patterns and their clinical associations, ranging from Helicobacter gastritis to autoimmune enteropathy to the biopsy with prominent Russell bodies. Our aim is to add to the readers' arsenal of tools to narrow the differential diagnosis in these ubiquitous specimens.
High-intensity binge drinking is associated with alterations in spontaneous neural oscillations in young adults.

Abstract Heavy episodic alcohol consumption (also termed binge drinking) contributes to a wide range of health and cognitive deficits, but the associated brain-based indices are poorly understood. The current study used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine spontaneous neural oscillations in young adults as a function of quantity, frequency, and the pattern of their alcohol consumption. Sixty-one young adults (23.4 ± 3.4 years of age) were assigned to binge drinking (BD) and light drinking (LD) groups that were equated on gender, race/ethnic identity, age, educational background, and family history of alcoholism. EEG activity was recorded during eyes-open and eyes-closed resting conditions. Each participant's alpha peak frequency (APF) was used to calculate absolute power in individualized theta and alpha frequency bands, with a canonical frequency range used for beta. APF was slower by 0.7 Hz in BD, especially in individuals engaging in high-intensity drinking, but there were no changes in alpha power. BD also exhibited higher frontal theta and beta power than LD. Alpha slowing and increased theta power in BD remained after accounting for depression, anxiety, and personality characteristics, while elevated beta power covaried with sensation seeking. Furthermore, APF slowing and theta power correlated with various measures of alcohol consumption, including binge episodes and blackouts, but not with measures of working and episodic memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, or personality variables, suggesting that these physiological changes may be modulated by high-intensity alcohol intake. These results are consistent with studies of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and support the hypothesis that binge drinking is a transitional stage toward alcohol dependence. The observed thalamocortical dysrhythmia may be indicative of an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in BD and may potentially serve as an index of the progressive development of AUD, with a goal of informing possible interventions to minimize alcohol's deleterious effects on the brain.
D-serine Measurements in Brain Slices or Other Tissue Explants

D-serine is an atypical amino acid present in the mammalian body (most amino acids in the mammalian body are L-isomers) that is mostly known in neuroscience for its role as a co-agonist controlling the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). D-serine levels are decreased in patients with schizophrenia and this is thought to mediate, at least in part, the hypofunction of NMDARs that is central to the glutamate hypothesis for the etiology of this neuropsychiatric disorder. D-serine detection was first established using high performance liquid chromatography, a costly and complex technique that requires high levels of expertise. But with the increasing interest in this unconventional amino acid, there is an increasing need for easier, cheaper and more accessible detection methods. Here we describe the amperometric, biosensor-based method we employed in a recent publication (Papouin et al., 2017b). It allows reliable measurement of D-serine levels from fresh tissue, such as acute brain slices, for concentrations higher than 100 nM, with minimal technical requirements.
Extraction of vector dipoles from bathtub ECG leads for single and double ellipsoidal phantoms

This paper deals with a complex problem in scientific sensing and imaging. To overcome some inherent problems in the conventional ECG (Electrocardiogram), we investigate in depth an ‘unassisted’ approach which enables ECG measurement without the placement of sensing leads on the body. Specifically, it uses a bathtub at home with tap water in it and passive sensing leads placed on its inner surface – while the subject lies in it. In this investigation we use a widely accepted assumption that the electrical activity of the heart may be, largely, represented by a 3-D time-varying Current Dipole (3D-CD). To determine the sensing matrix responsible for transforming the 3D-CD into the potential distribution on the bathtub’s internal surface, the 3D-CD signals are applied to a bathtub-containing-ellipsoid model in COMSOL tool. The sensing matrix thereby estimated is then utilized to back reconstruct the 3D-CD signals from the bathtub leads signals. NRMSEs (Normalized Root-Mean-Squared Errors) on the order of 0.02 to 0.05 are observed. The approach is also successfully extended to the case of two ellipsoids, one inside the other, representing a pregnant female subject. Critically important from a practical standpoint, the paper examines sensitivity with respect to the locations of the two 3D-CDs in the bathtub, and reports the encouraging results. Images of the potential distribution in the composite volume in the bathtub are presented as well.
Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Child Abuse

The notion that some children are injured by their caretakers and that intervention is therefore warranted is a relatively new one in this country. It was not until 1946 that Caffey described the now well-known association between fractures of long bones and subdural hematomas and not until 1962 that Kempe and colleagues galvanized the medical world with their description of the battered child syndrome. Since then, a rapidly burgeoning literature has addressed an increasingly complicated field, with newly described manifestations of abuse, including sexual abuse, being brought to the attention of the medical profession and the public.
Age-specific regulation of clotting factor IX gene expression in normal and transgenic mice

Factor IX (FIX), a circulating serine protease that serves as an essential component of the blood coagulation pathway, has been shown to increase with age in humans. We show here that murine FIX mRNA and activity levels also increase with age. Furthermore, one form of hemophilia B, hemophilia B Leyden, which is caused by mutations within the promoter region of the FIX gene, has a distinct age-dependent phenotype. To determine the source of the age-related increases in FIX gene expression, we have analyzed the regulation of the normal FIX gene promoter and FIX Leyden gene promoter with the +13 mutation during aging by generating transgenic mice that contain the -189 to +21 bp promoter segment ligated to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. We have established that the normal FIX promoter and the Leyden promoter transgenes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in vivo. The normal FIX promoter transgene does not show any differences in the pattern of expression with age or sex of the organism, whereas the Leyden promoter transgene showed age-dependent male-specific expression. This is the first demonstration of the FIX Leyden phenotype in a transgenic mouse model.
Patient perceptions of visual, vestibular, and oculomotor deficits in people with Parkinson's disease.

Disturbances in the visual, vestibular, and oculomotor systems have been identified in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Patients’ perspectives regarding these symptoms remain unexplored and may provide in...
High-resolution 3D optical sensing and real-time 3D video data streaming

The first part of this paper discusses the high-resolution, real-time 3D optical sensing techniques that we developed in the optics community. Such technologies could benefit the advanced intelligent mechatronics community as another sensing tool. The second part of this paper discusses our recent development on 3D sensing data compression and streaming that could open new opportunities for the mechatronics community. Our 3D optical sensing technique is based on the digital fringe projection (DFP) method that has merits of speed, resolution, and accuracy, as well flexibility when comparing with other 3D optical imaging methods. Our novel compression method drastically reduces data sizes, and through seamless integration with our 3D sensing system, allows for real-time high-quality 3D data delivery across standard wired and wireless networks. This paper introduces the basic principles of each technology and casts our perspectives on possible applications that our technologies could enable for the mechatronics community.
Scanning DMA data analysis II. Integrated DMA-CPC instrument response and data inversion

Analysis of scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS) or SMPS data requires coupling the scanning differential mobility analyzer (DMA) transfer function with the response functions for the instrument plumbing and the detector. In the limit of plug flow (uniform velocity) within the DMA, the scanning DMA transfer function has the same form as that for constant voltage. Most SEMS/SMPS data analysis uses this model, though previous studies have shown that boundary layers distort the transfer function during scanning DMA measurements. Part I determined the instantaneous transfer function during scanning of the TSI Model 3081 A long column DMA by modeling the flows, fields, and particle trajectories within the actual DMA geometry. This study (Part II) combines that transfer function with empirical data on the efficiencies and delay time distributions of the plumbing and detector of the SEMS/SMPS to determine the instantaneous rate at which particles are counted, and integrates the count rate over the finite counting time interval to obtain the integrated SEMS/SMPS response function. Simulations using this geometrical model are compared with those obtained using traditional, idealized DMA models for scan rates ranging from slow (240 s) to very fast (10 s), and with measurements of monodisperse calibration aerosols. Data inversion studies show that both increasing and decreasing voltage scans can be used to determine the particle size distribution, even with fast scans.
The Impact of Healthcare-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections on Postdischarge Health Care Costs and Utilization across Multiple Health Care Systems

Objective To measure how much of the postdischarge cost and utilization attributable to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) health care-associated infections (HAIs) occur within the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) system and how much occurs outside. Data sources/study setting Health care encounters from 3 different settings and payment models: (1) within the VA; (2) outside the VA but paid for by the VA (purchased care); and (3) outside the VA and paid for by Medicare. Study design Historical cohort study using data from admissions to VA hospitals between 2007 and 2012. Methods We assessed the impact of a positive MRSA test result on costs and utilization during the 365 days following discharge using inverse probability of treatment weights to balance covariates. Principal findings Among a cohort of 152,687 hospitalized Veterans, a positive MRSA test result was associated with an overall increase of 6.6 (95 percent CI: 5.7-7.5) inpatient days and $9,237 (95 percent CI: $8,211-$10,262) during the postdischarge period. VA inpatient admissions, Medicare reimbursements, and purchased care payments accounted for 60.6 percent, 22.5 percent, and 16.9 percent of these inpatient costs. Conclusions While most of the excess postdischarge health care costs associated with MRSA HAIs occurred in the VA, non-VA costs make up an important subset of the overall burden.
Healing Rates and Functional Outcomes After Triple-Loaded Single-Row Versus Transosseous-Equivalent Double-Row Rotator Cuff Tendon Repair.

Background:Although healing rates and outcomes of arthroscopic single-row rotator cuff repairs have been compared with double-row repairs, none have utilized triple-loaded anchors.Purpose:To compar...
Multiple meltwater discharge and ice rafting events recorded in the deglacial sediments along the Beaufort Margin, Arctic Ocean

Abstract The first regional model for the deglacial history of the Beaufort margin slope, in the western Arctic, is presented. The conceptual model was developed using new high-resolution CHIRP seismic reflection, multibeam bathymetry, and sediment core data acquired along the margin. This synthesis provides important constraints on sediment source and dispersal patterns for the last deglaciation. The continental slope from Barrow Canyon to the Mackenzie Trough is characterized by thick Holocene sediments mostly sourced from Barrow Canyon and continental discharge. This acoustically transparent, fine-grained unit overlies acoustically laminated sediments sourced from the Mackenzie River and ice rafting. The deglacial history of the margin from Mackenzie Trough to the Amundsen Gulf is characterized by many ice rafting and meltwater discharge events. Ice rafted debris layers were deposited around ∼14.6 ka and ∼14.1 ka and likely document enhanced ice shedding events from the Amundsen and M'Clure ice streams as they retreated. There are three inferred meltwater discharge events, all sourced from the Mackenzie region. The oldest discharge event had two phases, one sometime between ∼14.5 ka and ∼14.2 ka and another between ∼14.0 ka and ∼13.0 ka. This discharge deposited finely laminated sediments more than 7 m thick sourced from proglacial lakes in the area. Following this was a flood event starting at ∼12.94 ka, which generated high amplitude reflectors, deposited coarse debris, and caused a lowering in the δ18O record. This is possibly a major outburst flood from glacial Lake Agassiz with an additional component of Agassiz meltwater that was diverted from its southern drainage pathway down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. Finally, a third discharge event was initiated by ∼11.3 ka, which deposited coarse laminated sediments focused in the Mackenzie Trough. Timing of these second and third events correlates with the onset of the Younger Dryas cold period and the preBoreal oscillation event, respectively, suggesting that fresh water discharge may have reached a tipping point, leading to those climate events.
Analysis of risk for side effects due to drug-drug and drug-gene interactions in a cohort of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (P1.217)

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the risk for drug-drug interactions (DDI) and drug-gene interactions (DGI) in a cohort of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Background: CRPS is a chronic painful condition often treated with polypharmacy placing patients at risk for severe side effects that are often the result of DDI and DGI interactions. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme system is a major metabolic pathway for analgesics used in treatment of CRPS. Understanding the substrates, inhibitors and inducers of CYP450 enzyme system for each individual patient could be valuable in predicting these interactions that could result in adverse events. Design/Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient pain practice of an academic inner-city hospital in Philadelphia. Only patients with a diagnosis of CRPS (n=76) were included. Genetic testing was done for the most common Cytochrome P-450 iso-enzymes involved in the metabolism of commonly prescribed analgesics. Patients were classified based on their iso-enzymatic activity of the aforementioned alleles. These results and a list of the medications that the patient was taking was compared against a standardized referral database resulting in a computer generated report listing DDI and DGI. Results: Of the 76 patients enrolled, 69% had risk for DDI and 92% were at risk for some DGI. The severity of the interactions was categorized into critical, moderately severe and safe interactions. 75% of the patients were at risk for critical, 21% at risk for moderately severe and 4% were at no risk for DGI/DDI. Conclusions: Overall, 69% and 92% of patients with CRPS were found to be at risk for DDI and DGI respectively. The analysis of potential DDI and DGI may have resulted in reduced medication induced side effects. A prospective study is needed to determine whether awareness of potential DDI or DGI impacts the choice of medications by practitioners. Disclosure: Dr. Jain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Danesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cruciani has received personal compensation for activities with Ferrer as a speaker. Dr. Maxwell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakhtiari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Laroche has nothing to disclose.
Storage Tube Graphics a Comparison of Terminals

There is a growing demand for low cost computer graphics for the small scale computer user or for the user who would rather have easy access to a somewhat less sophisticated console than have very limited access (a few hours per day or even a week) to a more powerful but far more expensive device. The possibility of obtaining a work station with random positioning and vector capabilities as well as character writing speeds many times in excess of a teletype is very attractive. Such a work station maybe used both as a time-sharing terminal and as an I/O device for a small mini-computer, as well as for solving conventional graphics problems at an affordable price.
A Covariant Causal Set Approach to Discrete Quantum Gravity

A covariant causal set (c-causet) is a causal set that is invariant under labeling. Such causets are well-behaved and have a rigid geometry that is determined by a sequence of positive integers called the shell sequence. We first consider the microscopic picture. In this picture, the vertices of a c-causet have integer labels that are unique up to a label isomorphism. This labeling enables us to define a natural metric $d(a,b)$ between time-like separated vertices $a$ and $b$. The time metric $d(a,b)$ results in a natural definition of a geodesic from $a$ to $b$. It turns out that there can be $n\ge 1$ such geodesics. Letting $a$ be the origin (the big bang), we define the curvature $K(b)$ of $b$ to be $n-1$. Assuming that particles tend to move along geodesics, $K(b)$ gives the tendency that vertex $b$ is occupied. In this way, the mass distribution is determined by the geometry of the c-causet. We next consider the macroscopic picture which describes the growth process of c-causets. We propose that this process is governed by a quantum dynamics given by complex amplitudes. At present, these amplitudes are unknown. But if they can be found, they will determine the (approximate) geometry of the c-causet describing our particular universe. As an illustration, we present a simple example of an amplitude process that may have physical relevance. We also give a discrete analogue of Einstein's field equations.
Miniaturized Wearable Respirable Dust Monitor (WEARDM) for Underground Coal Mines: Designs and Experimental Evaluation

presents the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of individual components of an air-microfluidic miniaturized wearable respirable dust monitor (WEARDM) that directly measures the respirable mass fraction of the dust in underground coal mines. The device uses a dual resonator gravimetric sensing approach to maintain uniform collection efficiency across the respirable particle distribution. The device is an order of magnitude smaller and less expensive than comparable devices. The WEARDM system is optimized for a low flow rate which balances low power usage and small form factor.
Prevention and Management of Radial Access Complications

Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions via the radial approach are increasing in utilization due to evidence supporting improved outcomes with lower risk of complications, shorter time to ambulation, and improved patient comfort compared with the femoral approach. Radial artery access comes with a unique set of risks and complications compared with the femoral approach. This review discusses the most common of radial access–specific complications and provides guidance regarding prevention and management of these complications. As radial artery access becomes more common, the unique complications specific to this access site are being better characterized, and strategies for prevention and management are being developed and tested. We review the growing literature on the prevention and management of complications associated with radial access. The radial artery is a safe and effective site of access for catheter-based cardiac procedures. As more institutions and operators move to a radial-first approach, strategies to optimize and limit radial artery complications should be used. While complications should be appropriately managed if they occur, application of best practices to avoid complications are key to successful and safe radial artery access.
Experimental study on the formation damage caused by gas fracturing fluids

Abstract Fracturing often results in a fluid invasion into the formation because the fracturing pressure is always greater than the reservoir pressure. The invaded fluid causes formation damage, oil permeability reduction, and potentially reduces production rates. We conduct experiments by invading gas into oil-saturated cores and vary the properties of the oil. We quantify the formation damage through pressure and saturation measurements. In addition, we model the experiment with a compositional fractional flow model, and the results show the formation damage caused by gas is cleared through dissolution transport. The results suggest that the time to clear depends on the fluid properties and the production rate.
Exosomal marker CD63 expression pattern using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma in comparison with left-sided colon cancer.

e16096Background: Adenocarcinomas arising from the distal one third of the transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum are often grouped together due to their hind...
The Linguistics of Bacterial Conflict Systems Reveal Ancient Origins of Eukaryotic Innate Immunity.

The arms-race between bacteria and their competitors has produced an astounding variety of conflict systems that are shared via horizontal gene transfer across bacterial populations. In this issue of Journal of Bacteriology, Burroughs and Aravind investigate how these biological conflict systems have been mixed-and-matched into new configurations, often with novel protein domains. The authors additionally characterize the evolutionary history of genes in eukaryotes that appear to have been acquired from these prokaryotic defense systems.
Fisheye Lens: Data Stewardship and Privacy Rights Under the Northeast Multispecies Fishery Management Plan's Amendment 23's Proposed Electronic Monitoring

The Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua, once held a prime ecological and economic presence in the North Atlantic Ocean, and European colonizers capitalized on this resource by establishing a cod fishery in Newfoundland as far back as 1517. In 1992, Newfoundland’s fishery nearly eliminated its cod stocks, and the Gulf of Maine’s stocks were dying three times as fast as managers predicted. The fishery became one of the world’s most concrete examples of the tragedy of the commons, where harvesters exhaust an open-access resource. Guiding the New England Fisheries Management Council (NEFMC) cod fishery rebuilding effort is a tremendous amount of fisheries modeling aimed at estimating a requisite fishery’s stock size, using landings, discards, and survey data. The Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) sources and verifies data partly through the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP). Among the observers’ duties is physically boarding industry vessels to record data. The observers’ physical bias, however, could produce inaccurate data, leading the NEFMC to make inaccurate decisions and hinder the northeastern U.S. cod fishery’s recovery. Inaccurate data would thus hinder managers’ ability to rebuild this historically profitable fishery and the lack of cod would continue to deprive the Northeast’s ecosystem of a key predator. In response to the concern over bias, the NEFMC is currently considering several alternatives to the traditional human observer program in Amendment 23 to the Northeast Multispecies Fisheries Management Plan. One such alternative is electronic monitoring (EM). EM is a system of cameras that captures video of fishing activities onboard vessels, a crucial tool to produce high-quality and low-cost fisheries data to better inform management decisions. However, Northeast fishers have several concerns about EM. EM is a seemingly simple solution to human observers but produces highly detailed video and image data instead of pure numbers, which could identify private individuals, business, or their trade secrets. EM thus presents uncertainty in fishers’ private information, leading to apprehension of EM systems. The opportunity to design a program that is amenable to fishers could speed up implementing EM and its benefits to the northeast’s ecological and economic marine communities. Amending the Magnuson Stevens Act, promulgating strong privacy regulations and internal rules, and ensuring privacy guarantees in third-party contracts would best protect fishers’ privacy, which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration should consider in light of their broad authority to collect EM data. Strong fisheries management requires strong cooperation and mutual respect; guaranteeing strong privacy rights for EM data furthers everyone’s interests. The goal of this Note is to provide a framework to promote the recovery of New England’s marine environment through coastal stakeholder and federal management cooperation.
Relaxation training with and without Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics for Tourette's disorder: A multiple baseline across participants consecutive case series.

Abstract Background and objectives Behavioral therapies such as the Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) are recommended as the first-line treatment for Tourette's Disorder. This treatment approach is comprised of three central components: habit reversal training, functional assessment/intervention, and relaxation training. Despite its combined efficacy, the contribution of each therapeutic component in CBIT for reducing tic severity remains undetermined. The study evaluated the efficacy of relaxation training alone or alongside other CBIT components for reducing tic severity. Methods In this multiple-baseline study, participants completed a baseline assessment (A), 4 weekly sessions of relaxation training followed by a posttreatment assessment (B), 8 weekly sessions of CBIT followed by a posttreatment assessment (C), and a 1 month posttreatment follow up assessment (D). Six participants (83% male) aged 10–18 with Tourette's Disorder completed study procedures. Primary outcomes of tic severity was the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Results A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significance reduction in tic severity over time (p = .010). While post-hoc tests revealed a moderate non-significant reduction in tic severity after relaxation training (d =.23), large significant reductions in tic severity were observed after the combined treatment of relaxation training and CBIT (d = 1.17) that were maintained at a 1-month follow-up visit (d = 1.53). Limitations Findings are limited by the small sample size. Conclusions While relaxation training is effective when included in conjunction with CBIT, relaxation training alone is not effective in reducing tic severity in patients with Tourette's Disorder.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Aortic Arch Interventions After the Comprehensive Stage II Procedure for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Minimal data exist about the incidence and risk factors for arch intervention after comprehensive stage II (CSII). Goal of this study was to document incidence of arch interventions after CSII and determine if any differences existed between those who underwent an arch intervention (aiCSII) versus those did not have an intervention. Single-center retrospective chart review of all hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients who underwent a CSII between 6/1/2005 and 2/1/2020 was performed. Univariate analysis was conducted in addition to principal components analysis (PCA). One hundred patients were evaluated. Sixteen patients underwent 24 arch interventions. Age at initial arch reintervention was 1.3 ± 1.2 years (median 1.0 years, range 0.5–2.2 years). Univariate analysis showed that the aiCSII group were more likely to be female, to have had a retrograde arch intervention post-hybrid procedure, and to be younger at time of CSII. On echocardiograms, aiCSII group had significantly higher pre-CSII patent ductus arteriosus velocities, arch velocities on their 1st post-operative and discharge study post-CSII, and arch velocities pre-Fontan. Gradients were higher in the aiCSII via pre-Fontan catheterization. With PCA, echocardiographic and catheterization data remained significantly associated with aiCSII versus those who did not undergo an arch intervention (OR = 4.5 (1.9, 19.8), p = 0.008). Incidence of arch intervention post-CSII was 16%. Echocardiographic arch velocities during the CSII hospitalization were the strongest predictors for subsequent aortic arch interventions. Further studies are needed to determine any modifiable variables that may reduce the incidence of arch interventions.
Risk Stratification in Older Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Physicians’ Perspectives

Objective: Risk stratification models support clinical decision making in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care. Existing models were developed using data from younger populations, potentially lim...
Selfhood, immunity, and the biological imagination: The thought of Frank MacFarlane Burnet

The language of self and nonself has had a prominent place inimmunology. This paper examines Frank Macfarlane Burnet's introductionof the language of selfhood into the science. The distinction betweenself and nonself was an integral part of Burnet's biological outlook– of his interest in the living organism in its totality, itsactivities, and interactions. We show the empirical and conceptualwork of the language of selfhood in the science. The relation betweenself and nonself tied into Burnet's ecological vision of host-parasiteinteraction. The idiom of selfhood also enabled Burnet to organizeand unify a diversity of immune phenomena. Rather than approach thelanguage of self and nonself as a bluntly imposed metaphor, we focuson its endogenous origins and immanent uses in immunology.
Droxidopa in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is a fall in blood pressure (BP) on standing due to reduced norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals. nOH is a feature of several neurological disorders that affect the autonomic nervous system, most notably Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), pure autonomic failure (PAF), and other autonomic neuropathies. Droxidopa, an orally active synthetic amino acid that is converted to norepinephrine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (dopa-decarboxylase), was recently approved by the FDA for the short-term treatment of nOH. It is presumed to raise BP by acting at the neurovascular junction to increase vascular tone. This article summarizes the pharmacological properties of droxidopa, its mechanism of action, and the efficacy and safety results of clinical trials.
Enzymatic Joining of Polynucleotides XI. REVERSAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID LIGASE REACTION

Abstract Incubation of superhelical closed circular DNA with Escherichia coli DNA ligase and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) yields two new circular forms: molecules with one single strand break and covalently closed circles that have lost superhelical turns. This result, which is dependent on added AMP, shows that the joining reaction catalyzed by the DNA ligase is reversible. The use of radioactive AMP has permitted the identification of the ligase-AMP and DNA-adenylate intermediates in the reverse reaction.
FAM20C functions intracellularly within both ameloblasts and odontoblasts in vivo.

FAM20C, also known as Golgi Casein Kinase (G-CK), is proposed to be the archetype for a family of secreted kinases that phosphorylate target proteins in the Golgi and in extracellular matrices, but FAM20C serving an extracellular function is controversial. FAM20C phosphorylates secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins (SCPPs), which are associated with the evolution of biomineralization in vertebrates. Current models of biomineralization assume SCPP proteins are secreted as phosphoproteins and their phosphates are essential for protein conformation and function. It would be a radical departure from current theories if proteins in mineralizing matrices were dephosphorylated as part of the mineralization mechanism and rephosphorylated in the extracellular milieu by FAM20C using ATP. To see if such mechanisms are possible in the formation of dental enamel, we tested the hypothesis that FAM20C is secreted by ameloblasts and accumulates in the enamel extracellular matrix during tooth development. FAM20C localization was determined by immunohistochemistry in Day 5 mouse incisors and molars and by Western blot analyses of proteins extracted from pig enamel organ epithelia (EOE) and enamel shavings. FAM20C localized intracellularly within ameloblasts and odontoblasts in a pattern consistent with Golgi localization. Western blots detected FAM20C in the EOE extracts but not in the enamel matrix. We conclude that FAM20C is not a constituent of the enamel extracellular matrix and functions intracellularly within ameloblasts.
The Michigan free bank experience: wild cat banking or interference with contract?

Wild Cat banking was only one of the factors behind the collapse of Michigan’s banking system and the state’s subsequent fall into a deep and prolonged depression. The Wild Cat period was brief, less than a year; the number of Wild Cat banks was small, perhaps a dozen; losses to note holders due specifically to Wild Cat banking would have been only about $350,000 had it not been for an interference with contract; and, there is little evidence that Wild Cat bank notes ever had a general circulation. This study argues that the Wild Cats gained the level of notoriety that they did mainly because of other events, including the state’s interference with contract. The interference first delayed and then completely undermined the collection of the debts owed to the Free Banks of the state and, in so doing, undermined all the Free Banks of the state, whether reckless or not.
Measures of Concordance for Assessing Agreement in Ratings and Rank Order Data

Consider an array of ratings or rank orders provided by M judges or respondents on n subjects or products. We propose a new general measure of concordance (agreement) in this context. This measure when applied to rank order data reduces to Kendall’s (1948) measure of concordance. A new measure for rank order data that depends on the average Kendall’s measure of rank correlation is also proposed and is also a special case of our general measure. This particular rank order measure can be considered as an alternative to the well-known Friedman’s statistic for the two-way analysis of variance. The general measure is also compared with another measure proposed by Lin (1989). Relations to the intraclass correlation coefficient of the ratings data are pointed out. Some distributional results are also presented. The proposed concordance measures provide the basis for testing the agreement between two or more methods, instruments or respondents in biometric research or market research surveys.
Industrial Ecosystems and Food Webs: An Expansion and Update of Existing Data for Eco-Industrial Parks and Understanding the Ecological Food Webs They Wish to Mimic

Cyclical industrial networks are becoming highly desirable for their efficient use of resources and capital. Progress toward this ideal can be enhanced by mimicking the structure of naturally sustainable ecological food webs (FWs). The structures of cyclic industrial networks, sometimes known as eco-industrial parks (EIPs), are compared to FWs using a variety of important structural ecological parameters. This comparison uses a comprehensive data set of 144 FWs that provides a more ecologically correct understanding of how FWs are organized than previous efforts. In conjunction, an expanded data set of 48 EIPs gives new insights into similarities and differences between the two network types. The new information shows that, at best, current EIPs are most similar to those FWs that lack the components that create a biologically desirable cyclical structure. We propose that FWs collected from 1993 onward should be used in comparisons with EIPs, given that these networks are much more likely to include important network functions that directly affect the structure. We also propose that the metrics used in an ecological analysis of EIPs be calculated from an FW matrix, as opposed to a community matrix, which, to this point, has been widely used. These new insights into the design of ecologically inspired industrial networks clarify the path toward superior material and energy cycling for environmental and financial success.
Sensory isolation therapy of autistic children: a preliminary report.

Three children who manifested extreme with drawal from human contact (autistic defenses) were placed in a rigidly sensory deprived hospital environment. A brief literature review, an exposition of theoretical considerations, the children's histories, their course in the hospital, and short-term follow-ups are detailed.
592 PARTIAL EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN THE TREATMENT OF NEONATAL HYPERVISCOSITY

Polycythemia and hyperviscosity contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality by decreasing blood flow and nutrient delivery. Partial exchange transfusion (PET) is being used to treat hyperviscosity, however, its effect on whole blood viscosity (WBV) has not been demonstrated using current rheologic methods. WBV was measured at 37°C before, during and after PET in 7 hyperviscous neonates using the Wells-Brookfield Coneplate Viscometer, model LVT. Heparinized whole blood specimens (2 ml) were collected on infants with a central hematocrit (HCTc) > 64% and PET performed on those infants whose WBV was > 2 SD above the mean for sheer rates of 22.5, 45, 90 and 225 sec-1. Central hematocrit and WBV were measured before, at the midpoint, immediately after, and 24 hours after the PET. The PET volume, using 5% albumin, was calculated to reduce the HCTc to 50%. PET reduced the pre-exchange HCTc from 69± 3.1% to 51+ 4.5% after the PET (p=.001), and it reduced WBV to near mean levels at all 4 sheer rates (p=.001). The reduction in HCTc was significant during both the first and second half of the PET. Minimal rebound in HCTc and WBV was observed at 24 hours. PET is an effective way of lowering HCTc and WBV. Reducing the HCTc to 60% returns WBV to within 2 SD of the mean.
Indexing handwriting using word matching

There are many historical manuscripts written in a single hand which it would be useful to index. Examples include the W. B. DuBois collection at the University of Massachusetts and the early Presidential libraries at the Library of Congress. The standard technique for indexing documents is to scan them in, convert them to machine readable form (ASCII) using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and then index them using a text retrieval engine. However, OCR does not work well on handwriting. Here an alternative scheme is proposed for indexing such texts. Each page of the document is segmented into words. The images of the words are then matched against each other to create equivalence classes (each equivalence classes contains multiple instances of the same word). The user then provides ASCII equivalents for say the top 2000 equivalence classes. The current paper deals with the matching aspects of this process. Due to variations in even a single person’s handwriting, it is expected that the matching will be the most difficult step in the whole process. A matching technique based on Euclidean distance mapping is discussed. Experiments are shown demonstrating the feasibility of the approach.
Clinical Experiences with 4-Hydroxycoumarin Anticoagulant No. 63 and the Antagonistic Effect of Menadione and Vitamin K1

The successful use of dicumarol in the prevention of intravascular thrombosis and subsequent embolism has led to the investigation of other coumarin compounds as therapeutic anticoagulants. 4-Hydroxycoumain anticoagulant No. 63 is such a compound. Like dicumarol, it induces hypoprothrombinemia and daily tests of prothrombin time are necessary as a guide to dosage. Our experience indicates that a less fluctuating and somewhat more consistent therapeutic hypoprothrombinemia can be established and maintained with anticoagulant No. 63 than with dicumarol. The potential disadvantage of the prolonged hypoprothrombinemia after administration is stopped is counter balanced by the strong and relatively rapid antagonistic effect of vitamin K1.
Modeling of Deformation Microstructure - Strain Hardening and Crystallographic Reorientation of Crystallites in a Columnar Polycrystal

In this work microstructure evolution in a columnar polycrystal of pure aluminum is studied using a microstructure sensitive crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM). In the model, based upon the kinematics of crystal deformation and dislocation interaction laws, dislocation generation and annihilation are modeled. Dislocation densities evolve in the form of closed loops and are tracked as state variables, leading to spatially inhomogeneous dislocation densities that show patterning in the dislocation structures. The hardening law is based on the strength of junctions between dislocations on specific slip systems. The CPFEM model is able to show the anisotropic hardening behavior of aluminum single crystals. The measures of accumulated plastic strain in the experiment and the simulation are compared with varying degrees of success.