cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Periodical Cicada (Magicicada cassini) Oviposition Damage: Visually Impressive yet Dynamically Irrelevant

Abstract Selective herbivory by animals can have significant effects on the succession of a plant community. Damage resulting from major insect outbreaks has been shown to alter species dominance and competitive balance of woody plants in temperate North America. In this study we examine the effects over three seasons of a visually striking herbivory event: periodical cicada (Magicicada cassini) oviposition into an early successional tree community in the prairie-forest ecotone in eastern Kansas. Oviposition damage during cicada emergence in 1998 was large in overall magnitude, highly variable in space and varied by host tree species. From 1998–2000 we monitored four measures of tree growth on individuals of each tree species on the study site, and infructescence production on the dominant species (rough leaved dogwood, Cornus drummondii). Cicada damage in 1998 was regressed against each measure of tree performance in following years. Only a few statistically significant results were found. Overall, we co...
An Evaluation of a Fiber Optic Based Sensor for Measuring Chest and Abdominal Deflection

The objective of this study was to investigate the use of a fiber optic based sensor, ShapeTape, as an instrument for measuring abdominal and chest deflection, and to compare it to the current instrument used in impact biomechanics applications, the chestband. Drift, pressure, and temperature tests were conducted for ShapeTape alone, whereas quasi-static and dynamic loading tests were conducted as comparison tests between the chestband and ShapeTape. The effects of drift and temperature on ShapeTape were very small, averaging 0.26% and 1.2% full scale changes respectively. During the pressure test at a load of 1000 N the ShapeTape sensor tested experience a 7.47% full scale voltage change. The average errors in reporting maximum deflection of the chest form during the quasi-static loading tests were 3.35% and 1.64% for ShapeTape and the chestband respectively. For the dynamic loading tests, the average error in reporting maximum deflection was 8.60% for the ShapeTape and 10.01% for the chestband. The contour output for the ShapeTape and chestband were both very similar to the video analysis. The data from these tests indicate that ShapeTape provides the same degree of accuracy as the chestband.
Additional Isozyme Loci in Tuber-Bearing Solanums: Inheritance and Linkage Relationships

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to perform genetic analysis to confirm the inheritance of various isozyme loci and report on additional loci in diploid Solanum species. Aps-1, Dia-1, and ldh-1 were identified as new loci, and tetrasomic segregation was reported at the tetraploid level for Mdh-2. Of 15 loci studied, distorted segregations were observed in five diploid test crosses involving the Got-1, ldh-1, Pgi-1, and Adh-1 loci. In these cases, four of the five parents were of interspecific origin; the family segregating for Adh-1 was the exception. Utilizing various clones and interspecific combinations between S. phureja, S. tuberosum, and S. chacoense, further test crosses were made to determine linkage relationships between these isozyme loci and the yellow tuber flesh gene (Y). Two linkages were detected among these markers. Estimates of the ldh-1/Sdh-1 linkage ranged from 10.4 map units (m.u.) to 36.8 m.u., whereas a tight linkage was confirmed for Prx-2/Prx-3 (0.6 m.u.). Comparing putative homologous loci for the ldh-1/Sdh-1 linkage implies some conservation since the divergence of Lycoperison, Solanum, and, to a degree, Capsicum. As a result of codominant expression, these isozyme markers provide new opportunities for further genetic studies of tuber-bearing Solanums.
Integrating Alternative Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality: A Latent Variable Model of Triarchic Psychopathy Constructs

This study undertook confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of data from 567 participants to quantify constructs specified by the triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009)-boldness, meanness, and disinhibition-as latent variables. Indicators for the CFAs consisted of subscales of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure along with triarchic scales derived from items of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory, Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, and Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. A modified three-factor model provided good fit to the data and outperformed alternative two- and one-factor models. Multiple-group CFAs demonstrated gender differences (male > female) in factor means and covariances, but not in factor loadings or intercepts. These findings support the idea that the triarchic model dimensions are embedded in differing models and measures of psychopathy and comprise essential building blocks for this clinical condition. Implications for understanding the structure of psychopathy, gender differences in psychopathic traits, and applications of latent variable modeling in future research are discussed.
Additive Growth and Crystallization of Polymer Films

We demonstrated a polymeric thin film fabrication process in which molecular-scale crystallization proceeds with additive film growth, by employing an innovative vapor-assisted deposition process termed matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). In comparison to solution-casting commonly adopted for the deposition of polymer thin films, this physical vapor deposition (PVD) methodology can prolong the time scale of film formation and allow for the manipulation of temperature during deposition. For the deposition of molecular and atomic systems, such a PVD manner has been demonstrated to facilitate molecular ordering and delicately manipulate crystalline morphology during film growth. Here, using MAPLE, we deposited thin films of a model polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), atop a temperature-controlled substrate with an average growth rate of less than 10 nm/h. The mechanism of deposition is sequential addition of nanoscale liquid droplets. We discovered that the deposition process leads to the form...
Insecticidal Baits Tested for Controlling Trogoderma variabile and Tribolium audax in Nests of Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees

Phoxim was the most effective of 4 chemicals tested in fishmeal-honey baits against Tribolium audax Halstead and Trogoderma variabile Ballion. Both phoxim and methomyl retained excellent activity after 5 months storage at 21±1°C or 30±0.5°C. Trichlorfon did not retain good effectiveness following storage, and DDT required 3 weeks to provide high mortality of the beetles. A mixture of fishmeal:honey (60:40 by weight) was more attractive than similar bait mixtures containing various protein hydrolysates. Relative humidities within sealed containers of the baits ranged from 50 to 59%, while pH levels of the baits were 5.1–6.3 under a variety of conditions. The mean period of development from egg to adult emergence for both T. audax and T. variabile at 21±1°C and 50% relative humidity was 80 days. At 30±0.5°C it was 41 and 49 days for T. audex and T. variabile, respectively.
Atomic Arrangements in AuPt/Pt(100) and AuPd/Pd(100) Surface Alloys: A Monte Carlo Study Using First Principles-Based Cluster Expansions

We have constructed model Hamiltonians for AuPt/Pt(100) and AuPd/Pd(100) surface alloys based on the cluster expansion method and density functional theory. The cluster expansion Hamiltonians were used in Monte Carlo simulations to study the equilibrium arrangements of surface atoms in these two systems for a range of compositions and temperatures. We report on and explain results from these simulations in terms of the differing interatomic interactions present in each alloy. In AuPt surface alloys, homonuclear Pt–Pt interactions are favored over heteronuclear Au–Pt interactions, whereas in AuPd the opposite is true. Accordingly, our simulations show that Pt prefers to agglomerate, whereas Pd prefers to form smaller contiguous ensembles, such as monomers and dimers. Our simulations also reveal that the AuPd surface alloy can adopt c(2 × 2) ordering at low temperatures and 50% Pd coverage and exhibits a tendency for Pd monomers to occupy sites at the second nearest-neighbor distance from one another. Final...
Unpublished Decisions and Precedent Shaping: A Case Study of Asylum Claims

The federal courts of appeals now publish less than twenty percent of their decisions. Scholars and judges have debated the efficacy of depriving so many decisions of precedential value. Critics believe selective publication negatively impacts law development and distorts legal doctrines; selective publication’s defenders are not convinced the available evidence demonstrates pervasive problems in need of reform. Accounting for the limitations of past empirical assessments, this article provides the results of a study that was designed to foster a more concrete understanding of how selective publication impacts law development. The study draws on a comprehensive dataset of all asylum cases in the Ninth Circuit that addressed persecution law over a six-year period. The results show that the court reached inconsistent outcomes regarding a significant percentage of its unpublished cases. The court also incorrectly perceived how often it reached certain outcomes in past decisions, because so many of these outcomes were buried in unpublished dispositions. Additionally, many of the rule statements the court applied in unpublished decisions contradicted other rules, which indicates the “book law” is not completely settled. Finally, panels failed to address highly germane precedents that losing parties raised in their briefs. These shortcomings collectively suggest that appellate courts should reassess their case management procedures.
The Second Experiential Area: Problems of Discipline

IT IS NOT POSSIBLE to make a general statement as to the point in the child’s life at which he first encounters the factor of parental discipline. The precise point in the case of each child depends entirely upon the personality of the parents (more commonly the mother’s) and the judgments and behavior that emanate from it in its interplay with the exigencies, as seen by them, of their task of acculturation. There is no cultural consensus as to the precise age or the precise situation in which disciplinary efforts should be begun, and the choice as to exactly when these should commence is left to the individual mother.
Sources in Natural Law Theories: Natural Law as Source of Extra-Positive Norms

International law, like all law, can be understood as a hybrid of positive law and natural law. Positive law relies on material evidence to support conclusions as to the existence of principles, rules, and processes. Natural law relies on a very different method to explain aspects of law that positivism cannot, including peremptory norms (jus cogens), general principles inherent to law, and legal authority. The history of natural law thought from Ancient Greece to today’s global community reveals three integral elements in the method employed to produce these explanations of extra-positive features of the law. The method uses reason, reflection on nature, and openness to transcendence. Certain contemporary natural law theorists, concerned about the association of natural law with Christianity, attempt to suppress transcendence from natural law method, focusing only on reason and nature. Yet, the history of natural law thinking shows transcendence is integral to the method. History also reveals, however, that religion is not the only avenue to transcendence. Aesthetic theory, for example, invokes the beauty of the natural world and of the arts to provide ‘glimpses of transcendence’. Just such glimpses of transcendence complete natural law method, rendering it capable of explaining persuasively why law binds in general and why certain principles are higher or superior to positive law.
Conflicting and Shared Lifeworlds of Practice: Architects and Planners

Architects and planners have professional conflicts with each other, but they share common external constraints and opportunities in practice that shape their actions. These constraints include professional controls, societal ideologies, and organizational functions that dictate how architects and planners can practice. Their opportunities are grounded in the prescriptions that they can make. Architects and planners share work processes and ways of designing that they confront in problem solving. These constraints and opportunities are often found in the organizations within which architects and planners practice. Moreover, changes in the political economy similarly influence both professions in the work inputs and outputs that they experience.
Chemotherapy and Transplantation: The Role of Immunosuppression in Malignancy and a Review of Antineoplastic Agents in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

It is estimated that solid organ transplant recipients have a two- to fourfold greater overall risk of malignancy than the general population. Some of the most common malignancies after transplant include skin cancers and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. In addition to known risk factors such as environmental exposures, genetics, and infection with oncogenic viruses, immunosuppression plays a large role in the development of cancer through the loss of the immunosurveillance process. The purpose of this article is to explain the role of immunosuppression in cancer and to review the classes of chemotherapeutics. The field of anticancer drugs is continually expanding and developing, with limited data on use in transplant recipients. This article aims to provide information on class review, adverse effects, dose adjustments, and drug interactions that are pertinent to the care of transplant recipients.
Low-loss arrayed waveguide grating at 2.0 μm

A low-loss arrayed waveguide grating operating at 2.0-μm wavelength is demonstrated with an average on-chip loss of 0.5 dB and a crosstalk per channel of −30.2 dB. These are the lowest reported values for a silicon AWG at 2.0-μm wavelength.
Cultural evolution and US agricultural institutions: a historical case study of Maine’s blueberry industry

This paper presents a study of the emergence of environmental management institutions in Maine’s blueberry industry. We follow a cultural evolutionary approach to understand the factors that influenced the emergence of these institutions in environmental collective action problems. Specifically, we use a cultural multilevel selection framework to explore the prediction that collective action and institutions of environmental management emerge when cultural selection is the strongest among social groups positioned to solve a given collective action problem. To do this, we construct an evidence typology suited for a historical evolutionary analysis. We find that the scale of cultural adaptation responded to scale of the most pressing adaptive problem. The case study provides support for the group-level selection theory of institutional evolution, and displays patterns of institutional adaptation that respond to changing conditions over time. We argue that the dominant level of selection concept in multilevel selection theory helps to clarify how matches and mismatches between resource scale and institutional scale arise. We conclude that cultural evolutionary theory provides a general causal framework for organizing evidence, and complements the study of environmental history, which provides the temporal depth needed to examine evolutionary hypotheses.
TRANSFER FUNCTION ANALYSERS

This chapter discusses transfer function analyzers (TFA). There are several commercial frequency response test equipments that have come to be known as transfer function analyzers or TFAs for short. Some commercial manufacturers have avoided this somewhat academic issue by calling their instruments control system analyzers. In measuring the frequency response of control systems, frequencies of very low values have to be dealt with and this brings about difficulties in both measurement and display. Commercial equipment has been successfully developed that overcomes the display problem and greatly minimizes the effect of waveform distortion. Therefore, if a linear system to be measured is excited with a sinusoidal input signal, the output will be another sinusoidal waveform displaced in phase and changed in amplitude from the input signal. The order of the transfer function is determined when a coefficient is non-zero and by observing the derivative channel it is in. The most complicated transfer function that can be dealt with using the standard commercial equipment has a fourth-order numerator and a sixth-order denominator.
Eye-Field Transcription Factors

The eye-field transcription factors (EFTFs) are a group of genes defined by their involvement in early eye formation. As their name implies, all are transcription factors and expressed in a region of the developing embryo (the eye field) from which the eyes form. They have been evolutionarily conserved and genetic evidence demonstrates they are required for normal eye formation, since their mutation results in the malformation or a lack of eyes in species as diverse as flies and humans. The EFTFs also form a functional network that is not only required, but also sufficient for eye formation.
Holocene eolian modification of Pleistocene glacial outburst flood deposits on the Hanford Site, Washington

Abstract Petrographic and geostatistical analysis of linear dune forms on the Hanford Site, south-central Washington, have resulted in data supporting reinterpretation of depositional environments from eolian to primary glaciofluvial with post-depositional eolian modification. Miocene basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group form the bedrock across the region overlain by Pliocene fluvial deposits from the preglacial Columbia River. Between ~21,000 and 12,000 YBP, glacial outburst floods scoured eastern Washington forming the Channeled Scablands. In the Pasco Basin, floodwaters were ponded behind flow restrictions resulting in deposition of coarse-grained gravel and sand sheets capped by fine-grained cyclic Touchet beds in higher elevation peripheral canyons. Outflow of ponded water mobilized the upper few meters of sediment forming a series of giant current ripples or megaripples. Modification of the surfaces of the megaripples under the influence of the Holocene wind regime has produced an eolian surficial signature. Subsurface excavations in these dune forms revealed the primary glaciofluvial provenance. Sedimentologic and petrographic evidence supports a general winnowing of fine-grained sediments from west to east under the current wind regime and includes both quartz and heavy minerals. These processes have resulted in the formation of an active dune field along the western bank of the Columbia River that overlies flood deposits locally.
Projected drought effects on the demography of Ashe juniper populations inferred from remote measurements of tree canopies

Tree mortality from drought is anticipated to increase as climate change promotes more frequent or severe water limitation. Ecosystem impacts of woody mortality depend on both the number and sizes of trees that die, but a limited capacity to predict mortality risk for individual trees hinders the capacity to forecast drought effects on tree population demography and ecosystem processes. We remotely measured leaf area of living Ashe juniper trees at three savanna sites in central Texas, USA to characterize the frequency-size distribution (FSD) of juniper populations and evaluate mortality risk from drought as a function of tree size. Mortality risk of individuals was assessed from the deviation in leaf area per tree from that of a similarly sized individual with near maximal leaf area using correlations among leaf area, growth rate, and mortality measured during a prior drought. We found that the FSD of juniper trees is bell-shaped at each site. Mortality risk from drought exceeded 25% of emergent (> 4 m height) trees in savanna juniper populations, but was highest for largest trees. Mortality risk was greatest at a grazed savanna, exceeding 50% of trees with projected canopy area > 20 m2. Results imply that severe drought could kill a large fraction (18–85%) of intermediate- to large-sized Ashe juniper trees in central Texas savannas. Our analysis demonstrates a novel use of remote measurements of canopy foliation to link mortality risk from drought to the demography of Ashe juniper populations through properties of individual trees.
Impact of tissue preservation on collagen fiber architecture

Microarchitectural features of collagen-rich extracellular matrices provide the mechanical foundation for tissue function and exhibit topographical cues that influence cellular behavior including proliferation, migration and protein expression. Preservation of tissue microarchitecture is required for accurate evaluation of tissue characteristics and pathology. It is unclear whether common tissue preservation methods possess equal ability to preserve microarchitecture. We investigated collagen microarchitecture in samples that had been flash frozen, fixed in formalin or preserved in RNAlater®, and which contained both collagen-rich and collagen-sparse regions. Fibrillar collagen organization was characterized using picrosirius red staining and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Maintenance of collagen fiber characteristics compared to the gold standard of flash freezing depended on both the method of preservation and the local collagen content of the tissue. Both formalin fixation and RNAlater® preserved collagen fiber characteristics similar to flash freezing in collagen-rich areas of the tissue, but not in collagen-sparse regions. Analysis using picrosirius red staining indicated preservation-dependent changes in overall tissue architecture and suprafibrillar organization. Together with considerations of cost, ease of use, storage conditions and ability to use the preserved tissue for RNA or protein analysis, our quantitative characterization of the effects of preservation method on collagen microarchitecture may help investigators select the most appropriate preservation approach for their needs.
Feasibility and acceptability of novel methods to estimate antiretroviral adherence: A longitudinal study

Due to marked reductions in morbidity and mortality, antiretroviral (ARV) adherence monitoring is of high interest. Researchers and clinicians often resort to the most feasible and cost-effective adherence methods possible, which may result in biased or inaccurate estimates and require the physical presence of a participant at a research or clinic site. The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of three objective, innovative, and remote methods to estimate ARV adherence which may be conducted with less time and financial resources in a wide range of clinic and research settings. These three methods included: (a) text-messaged photographs of pharmacy refill dates to measure refill-based adherence, (b) text-messaged photographs of ARV medications to estimate pill-count-based adherence, and (c) home-collected hair samples for the measurement of ARV concentration to determine pharmacologic-based adherence. We conducted a pilot study from March through October 2017 to examine the feasibility and acceptability of these three adherence measures and the remotely conducted study procedures in 93 adults living with HIV nationwide. From our diverse national sample of participants, 95.7% were retained until the end of the study, 89.9% sent all text messages, and 84.3% sent all hair samples. Approximately 74.2% of participants reported excellent overall experience with the study, 60.2% were very or extremely satisfied with participating in a hair collection study, and 76.3% noted extremely high likelihood of participating in a similar study including text messaging pictures of medications or refill dates. We noted high levels of feasibility and acceptability with the remote study methodology, collection of photographed and text messaged pharmacy refill dates and pill counts, and home-collected hair samples. Here we describe the feasibility and acceptability metrics, results from the exit qualitative interviews with the participants, and lessons learned. These adherence measures represent innovative approaches to expand monitoring tools for HIV treatment and prevention adherence in future research.
Moderne Spiele: Play and Gender in Walter Benjamin’s “Berlin Chronicle”

This essay performs a reading of Walter Benjamin’s “Berlin Chronicle” to show that what is at stake in this work is the question of male sovereignty as it relates to the modern city and the modernist text as spaces of play. This autobiographical sketch draws and, in its form, explores an analogy between the ways city spaces are organized and the way writing organizes a life’s memories into spatially distributed groupings of signs. Its fragmentary, reflexive structure purports to challenge the linearity of standard autobiographical writing, subjecting them to the play of associations and the casual stroll of the flâneur. Given Benjamin’s emphasis, here as well as elsewhere, on a method of composition that reflects the “surface play” of 20th-century modernity, it would seem that the reader is also invited to stroll like the flâneur, or play like the gambler, through the text. The city and the essay become analogous to each other as spatial constructs the reader is invited to circumnavigate—they create Spielraum, or room-for-play. However, Benjamin’s game is deceptive, as he strategically entraps the feminine—represented by the rather Oedipal coupling of Benjamin’s mother and a variety of lovers and prostitutes—within this space. On a closer reading, gendered difference becomes the protocol by which a textual-urban network operates in “Berlin Chronicle,” making it exemplary of the ways in which playful modern media and spaces condition and position subjects within their games.
Racial Disparities in the Utilization and Outcomes of Structural Heart Disease Interventions in the United States.

Background Data on race‐ and ethnicity‐based disparities in the utilization and outcomes of structural heart disease interventions in the United States are scarce. Methods and Results We used the N...
Brokering Culture and Power in a Media-Driven World: Parents of Adolescents in Northern Thailand:

Exposure to modern media alters cultural values and individual identities. Little is known, however, about whether and how media use alters cultural socialization processes in family relationships....
Relationships Between Emotion Regulation and Depression in High and Low Worriers

The comorbid diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression is highly prevalent. Examining relationships between emotion regulation factors and depression in individuals high in trait worry (the cardinal symptom of GAD) may contribute to our understanding of this comorbidity. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether two emotion regulation factors—reappraisal (i.e., reinterpreting experiences) and suppression (i.e., not expressing emotion)—were associated with depression differentially in high versus low worriers. Participants were 206 high and low worriers (112 high worriers; 94 low worriers) recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk website. Participants completed measures assessing reappraisal, suppression, and depression. Regression models revealed that among high worriers, low reappraisal was associated with higher depression, but that among low worriers, reappraisal was not associated with depression. In contrast, suppression was not differentially associated with depression in high and low worriers; higher suppression was associated with higher depression in both high and low worriers. These results are consistent with the idea that reappraisal may represent an especially helpful emotion regulation strategy for high worriers, potentially buffering against the negative effects of worry on depression.
Individuals Exhibit the Planning Fallacy for Time But Not for Money

People underestimate how long it takes to complete various projects. Researchers have proposed that this planning fallacy extends to underestimation of money expenditures as well, though empirical work has focused on the planning fallacy for time. In three studies, we find that participants acknowledge smaller, less frequent planning fallacies for money than for time, that participants do not exhibit a planning fallacy for money but do for time, and that this difference between money and time is mediated by resource-specific propensity to plan. Individuals generally plan more for time than for money, and those who plan more for a given resource exhibit a greater planning fallacy. This ironic effect of planning is consistent with the prior literature on “inside” thinking about successful execution of the plan versus “outside” thinking about events external to the plan.
[Analysis of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by solid phase extraction with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) in water by solid extraction column with GC-MS/MS. METHODS The extraction effects of columns, such as Oasis HLB, C_(18), Oasis MCX and Oasis MAX, were compared. The influence of different kinds of solid phase extraction columns for the PAHs and method ology study were investigated. The samples were extracted by preactivated C_(18) column, eluted by dichloromethane, detected by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS Under the established optimal test condition, the recoveries of PAHs were 78%-130%, the RSD were 0. 8%-5. 0%, the limit of quantitation were in the range of 0. 0007-0. 0199 μg/L. CONCLUSION The method is fast and easy, it can meet the requirement for analytical measurement of various PAHs in water.
Talking to the Enemy: Difficult Conversations and Ethnopolitical Conflict

The article reviews intractability qualities and uses the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict as an example of the difficult conversations that characterize the conflict between competing groups. There are two typical research trends for analyzing group conflict. These are either a rational model or intractable conflict model. The rational model assumes that differences are over realistic issues such as scarce resources. The intractable model focuses on identity and emotions. Intractable conflicts are recalcitrant, nonrational, and particularly resistant to resolution. They generate difficult conversations. The argument here demonstrates how intractability establishes the descriptive conditions for difficult conversations about conflicts. These conditions are incommensurate cultural narratives, narrative particularity, existential threat, power differences, and delegitimization. Islam and the West and the Israelis and Palestinians are used as examples. Finally, such difficult divides must attend to five issues that ameliorate difficult conversations, namely, inclusion, maximization of arguments and reasons, controlling undue influences, dialogic equality, and the value of deliberation.
Predicting Organizational Cybersecurity Risk: A Deep Learning Approach.

Cyberattacks conducted by malicious hackers cause irreparable damage to organizations, governments, and individuals every year. Hackers use exploits found on hacker forums to carry out complex cyberattacks, making exploration of these forums vital. We propose a hacker forum entity recognition framework (HackER) to identify exploits and the entities that the exploits target. HackER then uses a bidirectional long short-term memory model (BiLSTM) to create a predictive model for what companies will be targeted by exploits. The results of the algorithm will be evaluated using a manually labeled gold-standard test dataset, using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score as metrics. We choose to compare our model against state of the art classical machine learning and deep learning benchmark models. Results show that our proposed HackER BiLSTM model outperforms all classical machine learning and deep learning models in F1-score (79.71%). These results are statistically significant at 0.05 or lower for all benchmarks except LSTM. The results of preliminary work suggest our model can help key cybersecurity stakeholders (e.g., analysts, researchers, educators) identify what type of business an exploit is targeting.
Profile of Random Exponential Recursive Trees

We introduce the random exponential recursive tree in which at each point of discrete time every node recruits a child (new leaf) with probability p, or fails to do so with probability 1 − p. We study the distribution of the size of these trees and the average level composition, often called the profile. We also study the size and profile of an exponential version of the plane-oriented recursive tree (PORT), wherein every insertion positions in the “gaps” between the edges recruits a child (new leaf) with probability p, or fails to do so with probability 1 − p. We use martingales in conjunction with distributional equations to establish strong laws for the size of both exponential flavors; in both cases, the limit laws are characterized by their moments. Via generating functions, we get an exact expression for the average expectation of the number of nodes at each level. Asymptotic analysis reveals that the most populous level is $\frac {p}{p+1} n$ in exponential recursive trees, and is $\frac {p}{2p+1} n$ in exponential PORTs.
Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators

The diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) of eyewitness identification is based on facial information that is diagnostic versus non-diagnostic of suspect guilt. It primarily has been tested by discounting non-diagnostic information at retrieval, typically by surrounding a single suspect showup with good fillers to create a lineup. We tested additional DFT predictions by manipulating the presence of facial information (i.e., the exterior region of the face) at both encoding and retrieval with a large between-subjects factorial design (N = 19,414). In support of DFT and in replication of the literature, lineups yielded higher discriminability than showups. In support of encoding specificity, conditions that matched information between encoding and retrieval were generally superior to mismatch conditions. More importantly, we supported several DFT and encoding specificity predictions not previously tested, including that (a) adding non-diagnostic information will reduce discriminability for showups more so than lineups, and (b) removing diagnostic information will lower discriminability for both showups and lineups. These results have implications for police deciding whether to conduct a showup or a lineup, and when dealing with partially disguised perpetrators (e.g., wearing a hoodie).
Risk Factors for Infection and Revision Surgery following Patellar Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon Repairs: An Analysis of 3,442 Patients.

Disruption of the extensor mechanism is debilitating with surgical repair being the accepted treatment. The incidence of infection and reoperation after extensor mechanism repair are not well reported in the literature. Thus, the objective of the current study was to (1) determine the incidence of surgical site infection and reoperation within 1 year of primary extensor mechanism repair and (2) identify independent risk factors for infection and reoperation following patellar and quadriceps tendon repair. A retrospective review of the 100% Medicare Standard Analytic files from 2005 to 2014 was performed to identify patients undergoing isolated patellar tendon repair and quadriceps tendon repair. Diagnosis of infection within 1 year of operative intervention and revision repair were assessed. Extensor mechanism injuries in the setting of total knee arthroplasty and polytrauma were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for postoperative infection and reoperation within 1 year. Infection occurred in 6.3% of patients undergoing patellar tendon repair and 2.6% of patients undergoing quadriceps tendon repair. Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.89, p = 0.005) was found to be an independent risk factor for infection following patellar tendon repair. Reoperation within 1 year occurred in 1.3 and 3.9% following patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon repair, respectively. Age less than 65 years (OR = 2.77, p = 0.024) and obesity (OR = 3.66, p = 0.046) were significant risk factors for reoperation after patellar tendon repair. Hypertension (OR = 2.13, p = 0.034), hypothyroidism (OR = 2.01, p = 0.010), and depression (OR = 2.41, p = 0.005) were significant risk factors for reoperation after quadriceps tendon repair. Diabetes mellitus was identified as a risk factor for infection after patellar tendon repair. Age less than 65 years, peripheral vascular disease, and congestive heart failure were risk factors for infection after quadriceps tendon repair. The current findings can be utilized to counsel patients regarding preoperative risk factors for postoperative complications prior to surgical intervention for extensor mechanism injuries.
Examining the relationships among self-regulated learning, homework timeliness, and course achievement: a context of female students learning quantitative topics

Homework completion is associated with learning achievement, but students’ challenges revolve around meeting deadlines and preventing procrastination. Promoting students’ self-regulated learning (S...
Dissecting the spatial structure of overlapping transcription in budding yeast

This thesis presents a computational and algorithmic method for the analysis of high-resolution transcription data in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We begin by describing a computational system for storing and retrieving spatially-mapped genomic data. This system forms the infrastructure for a novel algorithmic approach to detect and recover instances of same-strand overlapping transcripts in high resolution expression experiments. We then apply these algorithms to a set of transcription experiments in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in order to identify potential sites of same-strand overlapping transcripts that may be involved in novel forms of transcriptional regulation. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Silibinin strongly inhibits the growth kinetics of colon cancer stem cell-enriched spheroids by modulating interleukin 4/6-mediated survival signals

// Sushil Kumar 1,* , Komal Raina 1,2* , Chapla Agarwal 1,2 and Rajesh Agarwal 1,2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado * These Authors Contributed equally and share first authorship Correspondence: Rajesh Agarwal, email: // Keywords : colorectal cancer, silibinin, cancer chemoprevention, cancer stem cells Received : May 1, 2014 Accepted : June 5, 2014 Published : June 6, 2014 Abstract Involvement of cancer stem cells (CSC) in initiation, progression, relapse, and therapy-resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) warrants search for small molecules as ‘adjunct-therapy’ to target both colon CSC and bulk tumor population. Herein, we assessed the potential of silibinin to eradicate colon CSC together with associated molecular mechanisms. In studies examining how silibinin modulates dynamics of CSC spheroids in terms of its effect on kinetics of CSC spheroids generated in presence of mitogenic and interleukin (IL)-mediated signaling which provides an autocrine/paracrine amplification loop in CRC, silibinin strongly decreased colon CSC pool together with cell survival of bulk tumor cells. Silibinin effect on colon CSC was mediated via blocking of pro-tumorigenic signaling, notably IL-4/-6 signaling that affects CSC population. These silibinin effects were associated with decreased mRNA and protein levels of various CSC-associated transcription factors, signaling molecules and markers. Furthermore, 2D and 3D differentiation assays indicated formation of more differentiated clones by silibinin. These results highlight silibinin potential to interfere with kinetics of CSC pool by shifting CSC cell division to asymmetric type via targeting various signals associated with the survival and multiplication of colon CSC pool. Together, our findings further support clinical usefulness of silibinin in CRC intervention and therapy.
Neuropathologic analysis of hematomas evacuated from patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating cause of morbidity and mortality. Intraparenchymal hematomas are often surgically evacuated. This generates fragments of perihematoma brain tissue that may elucidate their etiology. The goal of this study is to analyze the value of these specimens in providing a possible etiology for spontaneous ICH as well as the utility of using immunohistochemical markers to identify amyloid angiopathy. Surgically resected hematomas from 20 individuals with spontaneous ICH were examined with light microscopy. Hemorrhage locations included 11 lobar and nine basal ganglia hemorrhages. Aβ immunohistochemistry and Congo red stains were used to confirm the presence of amyloid angiopathy, when this was suspected. Evidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was observed in eight of the 20 specimens, each of which came from lobar locations. Immunohistochemistry confirmed CAA in the brain fragments from these eight individuals. Patients with immunohistochemically confirmed CAA were older than patients without CAA, and more likely to have lobar hemorrhages (OR 3.0 and 3.7, respectively). Evidence of CAA was not found in any of the basal ganglia specimens. One specimen showed evidence of CAA-associated angiitis, with formation of a microaneurysm in an inflamed segment of a CAA-affected arteriole, surrounded by acute hemorrhage. In another specimen, Aβ immunohistochemistry showed the presence of senile plaques suggesting concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) changes. Surgically evacuated hematomas from patients with spontaneous ICH should be carefully examined, paying special attention to any fragments of included brain parenchyma. These fragments can provide evidence of the etiology of the hemorrhage. Markers such as Aβ 1-40 can help to identify underlying CAA, and should be utilized when microangiopathy is suspected. Given the association of (Aβ) CAA with AD, careful examination of entrapped brain fragments may also provide evidence of AD in a given patient.
Compact Disturbance Equations for Aeroacoustic Simulations

A set of compact disturbance equations is developed for high-accuracy and efficient aeroacoustic simulations. The compact disturbance equations in their complete form are an exact rearrangement of the Navier–Stokes equations, but incorporate various linear and nonlinear disturbance equations such as the linearized Euler equations and the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. Their attractive mathematical properties facilitate the implementations of the full compact disturbance equations and the reduced equations in essentially the same form as in existing computational fluid dynamics solvers with minor modifications. A high-resolution unsteady simulation in a reduced domain can be embedded inside a less-expensive Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solution of flow in a larger, possibly very complex, configuration. This results in a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation method with reduced meshing difficulties and computational costs, but improved grid qualities and more accurate boundary...
Inhibition of house fly choline acetyltransferase by derivatives of 4-stilbazole

Abstract 1. 52 derivatives, mostly of 4-stilbazole, were tested as inhibitors of fly head choline acetyltransferase; only quaternized derivatives effective as inhibitors, and all of these were more effective as inhibitors of rabbit brain choline acetyltransferase. 2. Inhibition of the fly enzyme was shown to be non-competitive. 3. In vivo toxicity did not correlate with the I50's of the inhibitors determined in vitro for the fly head enzyme.
Secondary ion formation mechanisms for thiophene on clean and sulfur precovered Ru(0001)

The study of secondary ion formation schemes following thiophene adsorption onto clean and sulfur precovered Ru(0001) surfaces demonstrates that mechanisms involving sputter-induced fragmentation, sputter-induced protonation and surface decomposition all display different intensity profiles with respect to increasing thiophene coverage. The ruthenium-thiophene adduct as well as several fragmentation species are formed by recombination-cationization above the surface. For the sulfur precovered surface (i.e., θs = 0.5), the RuC4H4S+ ion yield is substantially greater than that observed on the clean surface and is attributed to the “nonconducting” sulfur adiayer. Sputter-induced protonation products such as C4H5S+ are found to depend on the surface's inability to retain hydrogen in a strongly bound fashion or as a result of multilayer formation, not the result of surface precursors or surface hydrogenation.
Self channeling of whistler waves

Abstract Channels of excess plasma density aligned along the magnetic field guide whistler without spatial divergence. If the whistler wave is of sufficient intensity it maintains the channel through its own radiation pressure which pushes the plasma towards regions of increasing wave amplitude.