cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY TYPE AND LEARNING STYLE: A STUDY OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS

In an effort to provide career and technical education (CTE) professionals with additional insight on how to better meet the individual education needs of the learner, this study (a) sought to identify the predominant personality type of postsecondary automotive technology students and (b) examined whether there was a relationship between the participants’ predominant personality classifications and learning styles. The findings suggested that the majority of participants had a predominantly Realistic personality classification, and identified a relationship between personality type and learning style. Findings may be useful to CTE teachers and teacher educators interested in diversifying curriculum and instruction via strategies to enhance the educational experience for the student learner. Mark D. Threeton, is an Assistant Professor of Education in the Learning and Performance Systems Department at The Pennsylvania State University. He can be reached at mdt177@psu.edu. Richard A. Walter, is an Associate Professor of Education in the Learning and Performance Systems Department at The Pennsylvania State University. He can be reached at raw18@psu.edu. Relationship Between Personality and Learning 49
Cerebral Protein Synthesis III. DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS IN THE STABILITY OF CEREBRAL MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID-RIBOSOME COMPLEXES

Abstract Sedimentation analyses of postmitochondrial supernatant fluids and preparations of purified polyribosomes from rat cerebral cortex revealed that the proportion of large ribosomal aggregates diminished during development. This phenomenon was not associated with variations in ribonuclease activity in the different preparations. Polyribosomes isolated from cerebral tissue of animals 14 days of age or older exhibited a loss of heavy components in vitro when the Mg2+ concentration of the medium in which they were suspended for analysis was reduced from 10 to 1 mm. Similar preparations from infant rats (0 to 2 days old) disaggregated only slightly in the presence of 1 mm Mg2+. Developmental alterations in the stability of cerebral messenger RNA-ribosome complexes did not result in differences in the over-all capacity of the polyribosomal preparations for amino acid incorporation in vitro. The largest polyribosomes were initially most active in vivo in incorporation of [3H]leucine into ribosomal bound protein of cerebral cortices of rats varying in age from 0 to 42 days. However, the fraction of ribosomal bound radioactive protein which was associated with ribosomes lighter than the tetramer as early as 5 min after intracisternal administration of the isotopic amino acid was considerably greater in immature rats (14 days old) and adult rats (42 days old) than in newborn animals. Moreover, this fraction was further enhanced in the succeeding 10-min interval in the older animals, but not in newborn rats. The proportion of nascent, nonribosomal protein found in cerebral postmitochondrial supernatant fluids 5 min after administration of labeled leucine was also greater in the immature and adult rats than in newborn animals. These results suggest that the proportion of unstable messenger RNA-ribosome complexes in cerebral cortex of the rat increases during development. The data also indicate that polyribosomal instability may be associated with specialized function in the mature brain.
Expanding Prosperity by Becoming an Eco‐Municipality

Much of rural America has unique qualities that, when guided by the Eco-Municipality model, can strengthen local community and assist in the movement toward sustainability. The Eco-Municipality model, originating in Sweden and guided by ecological and social justice values and The Natural Step, is sweeping across the United States and has been adopted by many communities, ranging in size from 300 to 80,000. These communities have better positioned themselves for long-term, economic, social and environmental well-being by, for example, retaining sense of place, capitalizing on existing assets, diversifying the local economy, minimizing economic leaks—in part by nurturing local entrepreneurs—making improvements to the local inventory of housing and access to health care, and most importantly, establishing a consistent systems approach to community development.
Structure of the Photoreceptors in the Compound Eyespots of Branchiomma Vesiculosum

Each photoreceptor unit within the eye is located immediately beneath the surface cuticle and is composed of 2 cells; a superficially placed lens cell and a large, deeply situated receptor cell which is composed of two segments. The deep segment of the receptor cell is filled by a large invaginated cavity containing a stack of some 450 disc-shaped membranous sacs; these are the expanded and flattened membranes of cilia, the basal bodies of which line the cytoplasmic wall of one side of the cavity. The basal bodies have a 9 + 0 arrangement of fibrils and lack striated rootlets and orthogonal centrioles. On the side of the cell opposite this field ofbasal bodies the cavity is continuous with a tunnel which passes through the superficial segment of the cell at one side and opens at its top. The tunnel is crescent-shaped in cross-section, and its inner wall is covered by an array of microvilli. The cytoplasm of the superficial segment of the receptor cell is mostly filled by some 3 000 long, rod-shaped, hexagonally packed mitochondria, whose long axes lie normal to a plane dividing the basal body and tunnel sides of the cell. The arrays of mitochondria and microvilli correspond in number and spacing; and fibrils arising in the microvilli project into the cytoplasm running in the space between adjacent mitochondria.
Nonlinear Extensions of Abbe Theory

Abbe theory describes imaging in terms of captured diffracted orders, with higher orders providing better resolution. We show, experimentally and numerically, that nonlinearity breaks down linear limits, as high-frequency spatial modes mix with low-frequency ones.
Defects and diffusion mechanisms in Nb3Sn

Abstract The structure and energetics of point defects in A15 Nb 3 Sn were investigated by means of computer simulations based on a pair-potential model of cohesion. The repulsive part of the potential was calculated theoretically using electron-gas methods while the attractive part was derived by matching experimentally determined crystal properties. The properties of vacancies on both the Nb and Sn sublattice, as well as those of simple antisite defects, were investigated. The results show an unusual structure for the vacancy in the Nb sublattice: the vacancy dissociates into a “split” configuration consisting of “partial vacancies” separated by a one-dimensional “stacking fault”. The Sn vacancy was found to be metastable; it decomposes by an activated process into a Nb atom on a Sn site (an antisite defect) adjacent to a “split” Nb vacancy. The defect of lowest energy compatible with the proper three-to-one ratio of sublattice sites is the antisite defect pair. The lowest energy grouping which contains vacancies is found to consist of Nb-sublattice vacancies and Nb-on-Sn-sublattice antisite defects in the ratio of four of the former to one of the latter (quintuple defects). The results also suggest that bulk Sn diffusion is slower than Nb diffusion; this is consistent with the belief that rapid Sn diffusion during Nb 3 Sn layer growth does not occur by bulk but by grain-boundary diffusion. Nb vacancy migration was found to be quasi-one-dimensional with much lower migration energy required for motion along the Nb chains than that for jumps between chains.
Surgical management of cervical deformity with osteotomy

Abstract Cervical sagittal balance is as an important clinical and radiographic parameter. The normal cervical spine is lordodic, and all kyphotic deformities should be explored. In patients with suspected cervical pathology, a thorough history and physical exam is mandatory. While axial neck pain commonly exists with kyphotic deformity, radiculopathy or myelopathy often exists as well. AP and lateral radiographs detect bony abnormalities and disc space collapse. A C2–7 plumb line may be drawn to measure angulation of the cervical spine. Adjuvant CT scan, to further delineate the bony architecture, and MRI scan, to assess for neural compression, are often useful in the management of a kyphotic spine. Nonoperative management is the usual initial mode of treatment. Physical therapy, aimed at posterior cervical paraspinal muscle strengthening, may improve lordosis in patients with flexible kyphosis. Anti-inflammatory medications and injections may cause symptomatic improvement but they do not address anatomic problems. Close follow-up is needed with these patients to monitor for neurologic deterioration. Operative treatment is indicated when nonoperative management has failed or in the setting of severe or rapidly progressive neurologic symptoms. Techniques for sagittal correction exist on a spectrum. Partial facet resections or Ponte osteotomies cause relatively small segmental lordosis but result in large sagittal improvement when used in long constructs. Anterior corpectomy with adjuvant posterior soft tissue release results in more focal lordosis. Three-column osteotomies are performed at either C7 or T1 to avoid the vertebral artery. Anterior column lengthening is relatively more powerful than a pedicle subtraction osteotomy. However, anterior lengthening is associated with a higher risk of damage to the surrounding neurovascular structures and soft tissue due to traction. Lastly, a vertebral column resection results in the greatest angular correction but is rarely performed due to its high potential for complication.
Analysis and design of an embedded system to aid the navigation of the visually impaired

This article aims to present the methodologies of development, analysis and system design of an Electronic Bengal, with object-oriented and structured methods, trying to establish the main features of these. From this scenario, several methods of system analysis are available for use. Among the studies conducted to develop the system, using automation techniques, are SART (Structured Analysis Real-Time) and UML (Unified Modeling Language) modelings. Each has its peculiarities, both in the way of diagramming and about the script. The project proposes an electronic device with an embedded system that contains a control algorithm to enable vibration and audio electromechanical transducers. The project is an electronic device based on open-source flexible platforms to assist in the orientation and mobility of the visually impaired during their displacement.
Recent Advances in Subaperture Stitching Interferometry

It is well known that stitching can boost the aperture capability. Stitching can also improve the accuracy, lateral resolution, and testable aspheric departure. We demonstrate these improvements on our subaperture stitching interferometer (SSI®).
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors and Cancer—Trials and Tribulations

For at least 30 years, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been heralded as promising targets for cancer therapy on the basis of their massive up-regulation in malignant tissues and their unique ability to degrade all components of the extracellular matrix. Preclinical studies testing the efficacy of MMP suppression in tumor models were so compelling that synthetic metalloproteinase inhibitors (MPIs) were rapidly developed and routed into human clinical trials. The results of these trials have been disappointing. Here we review the studies that brought MPIs into clinical testing and discuss the design and outcome of the trials in light of new information about the cellular source, substrates, and mode of action of MMPs at different stages of tumor progression. The important lessons learned from the MPI experience may be of great value for future studies of MPIs and for cancer drug development in general.
Staff Development for Improved Collection Management in a Rapidly Changing and Enhanced Technological Environment: Nashville Public Library's Experience

ABSTRACT Staff development efforts at the Public Library of Nashville and Davidson County are focused on helping collection development and other staff adjust to and excel during a time of exciting technological and organizational change. Details of the staff development program are shared, with particular emphasis on topics related to collection development.
The effect of vehicle on the tissue distribution profiles of radioiodinated cholesterol esters in the rat.

Abstract Several groups have examined the possible use of radioiodinated cholesterol esters to achieve selective uptake of radioactivity in the adrenal cortex and have obtained variable results. This study indicates that the tissue distribution profile varies not only with the type of ester, but also with the vehicle employed for administration. Radioiodinated 19-iodocholesteryl (125-IC), iodocholesteryl palmitate (125-ICP)and iodocholesteryl oleate (125-ICO) were dissolved in either tween vehicle (saline containing 1.6% tween 80 and 10% ethanol) or myristate vehicle (isopropyl myristate-ethanol, 1:5 v/v) and administered i.v. to rats. Irrespective of the agent, considerably more radioactivity appeared in the target organs when the tween vehicle was employed. When the myristate vehicle was used, higher levels of radioactivity appeared in the lung. This finding suggests precipitation of the agents from the myristate vehicle occurred upon administration. In the tween vehicle, 125-ICO showed almost three times greater predilection for adrenal cortex than 125-ICP with levels of activity approaching those seen for 125-IC. Adrenal activity and adrenal to non-target ratios were sufficient for visualization of the adrenals at 5 days after injection of 125-ICO in the tween vehicle. Lipid extraction and TLC analysis of tissue radioactivity revealed that radioactivity in the adrenal and ovary was predominantly in an esterified form. Further analysis of the esters present after injection of 125-ICP showed these to be a mixture of mono and polyunsaturated esters. The site of hydrolysis and subsequent reesterification is an interesting biochemical aspect that remains to be elucidated.
The Effects of Success and Failure on Children's Use of Defense Mechanisms

ABSTRACT The effects of moderate stress on the use of defense mechanisms by 64 second- and sixth-graders were determined The use of denial, projection, and identification was assessed from stones told to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) prior to, and subsequent to, an experimentally controlled experience of success or failure Subjects who experienced failure were more likely to use the lower level defenses of denial and projection, while the experience of success was followed by greater use of identification The results also were consistent with previous studies in demonstrating age and sex differences in the use of defense mechanisms
Adaptive Noise Cancellation Techniques in Sigma–Delta Analog-to-Digital Converters

Adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) techniques that extract a desired signal from background noise have many applications in different engineering disciplines. In ANC, the corrupted signal is passed through a filter that tends to suppress the noise while leaving the original signal unchanged. This paper demonstrates that the adaptive noise cancellation technique can be embedded in the digital signal postprocessing of a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter and effectively reduces the quantization noise as well as the thermal noise at the output of the converter. The combination of ANC and the noise-shaping technique enable high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion in wideband applications where noise shaping alone cannot provide enough suppression of quantization noise due to the low oversampling ratio.
Metaphors of management: Or, how far from outcomes can you get?

This paper was stimulated by a research project that has substantially altered my thinking about the nature of teaching and about how schools are organized and managed. Thanks to a grant from the National Institute of Education, I have had the opportunity to work with a team at the University of California, Riverside, studying the reward and incentive systems, work orientations, and behavior patterns of 15 teachers and 11 administrators in one urban school district in southern California
State of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Research : Executive Summary of a Workshop

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine recently cosponsored a workshop on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in cardiovascular, lung, and blood research. In view of the increasing use of CAM by the general public, it is imperative to promote credible research by the established biomedical community. The goal of this workshop was to enhance the exchange of information and ideas between alternative medicine practitioners and scientists in cardiovascular, lung, and blood research and to foster collaborative research among these researchers. The workshop focused on 5 areas of research, including a historical and cultural perspective of CAM, methodological issues in clinical trials, herbal medicine, chelation therapy, mind/body (meditation) therapy, and acupuncture. CAM has become widely used without rigorously proven efficacy and safety. To protect the public, it was recommended that the fundamental mechanistic research for these CAM approaches be vigorously pursued and that any large-scale clinical trial be carefully executed to avoid any waste of resources and any unnecessary risk. It was felt that standardization of botanical products and procedure-based CAM intervention, such as acupuncture and meditation, is essential for meaningful basic and clinical research. Although botanical products properly consumed are perceived as generally safe, potential herb-drug interactions are a major safety concern. Clearly, many challenges need to be addressed by the scientific community before the public can be assured of the proper use of CAM.
Interstate commodity tax differentials and the distribution of residents

Abstract This paper considers the manner in which an unequal distribution of consumers affects the commodity tax policies of neighboring jurisdictions. The paper uses a spatial model in which the residents of two states are distributed non-uniformly and employs a variety of assumptions about the behavior of governments and firms. Throughout, the paper shows that, at a Nash equilibrium in tax levels, the sparsely-populated state imposes a lower tax than does its densely-populated neighbor. The paper also demonstrates how equilibrium state taxes differ depending on whether firms employ marginal-cost or profit-maximizing pricing.
Pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold: a quantitative measure of ethanol dependence in rats.

Abstract The chronic administration of ethanol in large amounts to rats gives rise to an increasing degree of withdrawal hyperexcitability as demonstrated by reduction in the seizure threshold to the convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol. The latter response is reasonably specific and is a more sensitive measure of physical dependence in rats than the changes in behavior or susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. The results in total indicate that the induction of physical dependence of ethanol in rats can be objectively and quantitatively followed by assessing the intensity of withdrawal hyperexcitability with pentylenetetrazol.
The effects of gait strategy on metabolic rate and indicators of stability during downhill walking

When walking at a given speed, humans often appear to prefer gait patterns that minimize metabolic rate, thereby maximizing metabolic economy. However, recent experiments have demonstrated that humans do not maximize economy when walking downhill. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this non-metabolically optimal behavior is the result of a trade-off between metabolic economy and gait stability. We hypothesized that humans have the ability to modulate their gait strategy to increase either metabolic economy or stability, but that increase in one measure will be accompanied by decrease in the other. Subjects walked downhill using gait strategies ranging from risky to conservative, which were either prescribed by verbal instructions or induced by the threat of perturbations. We quantified spatiotemporal gait characteristics, metabolic rate and several indicators of stability previously associated with fall risk: stride period variability; step width variability; Lyapunov exponents; Floquet multipliers; and stride period fractal index. When subjects walked using conservative gait strategies, stride periods and lengths decreased, metabolic rate increased, and anteroposterior maximum Lyapunov exponents increased, which has previously been interpreted as an indicator of decreased stability. These results do not provide clear support for the proposed trade-off between economy and stability, particularly when stability is approximated using complex metrics. However, several gait pattern changes previously linked to increased fall risk were observed when our healthy subjects walked with a conservative strategy, suggesting that these changes may be a response to, rather than a cause of, increased fall risk.
Luminance as a factor in the ability of achromatic gratings to interfere with MeCollough effects

McCollough effects were reduced in assessed strength by having observers view achromatic gratings that varied in space-average luminance. Whether the gratings were presented before or after induction of McCollough effects, high luminance gratings interfered with the effects more than did low luminance gratings. If considered within the context of a conditioning model, this finding may be interpreted as inconsistent with other characteristics of McCollough effects.
Prevalence of ST131 among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli obtained from rectal swabs before transrectal prostate biopsy.

OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence and characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) Escherichia coli ST131 isolates in men undergoing ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy (TPB).
Research as Practice: A Conceptual Model of Training in Special Education.

In order to prepare special educators to work effectively in a changing field, training programs must address more than the typical competencies associated with teacher preparation in special education. It is important that special educators learn to be professionals who can correct, evaluate, and teach themselves. Moreover, they must learn to routinely apply research principles in their daily activities. This paper describes an approach to training that is sensitive to these concerns and shows how these competencies can be addressed in a training program.
High-statistics investigation of K 0 K − decay of A 2 − produced by 23-GeV/ c π − on hydrogen

We present the results of an experiment to study the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{A}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$, ${A}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}_{S}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ at 22.4 and 23.9 GeV/c. We have 3346 ${K}_{S}^{0}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ events in the effective mass region 1.1 to 1.5 GeV, and covering the $|{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}|$ interval 0.0 to 1.0 ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. Because of the low background in this channel, we are able to study various $|{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}|$ regions, including the region 0.2 to 0.29 ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$ in which the original split ${A}_{2}$ peak was observed. We find no substructure in any region. We have also derived differential and total cross sections. The differential cross sections are well fitted by the form $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=A{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}{e}^{b{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ with $b\ensuremath{\approx}7.0$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The total cross section is in good agreement with the value derived from other experiments that measure the ${A}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay mode.
Liquid Distributions of a Low Pressure Drop Injection System: Gas Turbine “Vaporizer” Design

Low pressure drop fuel injectors for jet engine combustors are currently being considered. In this respect, the general problem considered in this paper is the flow variables affecting the distribution of a low pressure drop, low velocity stream of liquid which is convected by a concentric airstream against a concave hemispherical cap similar to possible fuel injectors designs (Fig. 1). Experimental results from a plexiglass model of the injection system are presented. The experimental results indicate that for a centrally located liquid stream injector (less than 1/16 in. from the true center), the momentum ratio between the liquid and air streams is the predominant factor which influences uniform fuel distributions. More uniform distributions are obtained with higher liquid-to-air momentum ratios. For larger injector eccentricities, the liquid distributions exhibit variable tendencies depending on the range of the momentum ratio.Copyright © 1971 by ASME
Plasma particle simulations on the Mark III hypercube

Plasma particle simulations are used extensively for the study of nonlinear phenomena in both space and laboratory plasmas. Here, a well-benchmarked plasma simulation code has been implemented on the 32-node JPL Mark III hypercube to study the applicability of parallel architecture to particle simulation models. In the sequential version of the code, about 90% of the computation time is spent updating the particle positions and velocities. When implemented in parallel on the Mark III Hypercube, this part of the code was sped up by a factor of about 27 (83% efficiency). Computation times on the Mark III have also been compared with times on a variety of other computers.
Surface engineering of graphene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications.

Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, the biomedical applications of these intriguing nanomaterials are still limited due to their suboptimal solubility/biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and difficulties in achieving active tumor targeting, just to name a few. In this Topical Review, we will discuss in detail the important role of surface engineering (i.e., bioconjugation) in improving the in vitro/in vivo stability and enriching the functionality of graphene-based nanomaterials, which can enable single/multimodality imaging (e.g., optical imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and drug/gene delivery) of cancer. Current challenges and future research directions are also discussed and we believe that graphene-based nanomaterials are attractive nanoplatforms for a broad array of fut...
Model of high temperature superconductivity

Abstract A high temperature superconductor is idealized as a nearly half-filled electron spin lattice. The holes and bound pairs of holes coexist in chemical equilibrium. Superconductivity arises from the Bose-Einstein condensation of the mixture of holes.
Polarographic reduction of pertechnetate.

Abstract Oxidation states were identified for the products of electrolytic reduction of pertechnetate at the mercury cathode in a variety of media, and for the products of reoxidation upon reversing the cell current. Tast polarography, pulse polarography and triangular-wave voltammetry were employed. The first cathodic wave in acidic phosphate was identified as Tc(VII) → Tc(III) by means of the ratio between it and the Tc(III) → Tc(IV) reoxidation wave obtained on anodic-sweep pulse polarography. This wave was then used as a standard to determine values of n in other media of the same ionic strength. The first wave in acidic media occurred at pH-dependent potential and was found generally to correspond to the formation of Tc(III). The Tc(III) could in some media be reoxidized at the electrode to Tc(IV) or Tc(V). For the second wave in acidic media, which occurred at −0.9 V, diffusion current measurements indicated that n ≤7 with a catalytic component preventing determination of the exact value. In alkaline or unbuffered media the first wave occurred at −0.8 V and a second wave was sometimes seen at −1.0 V. The wave heights in alkaline media, while generally proportional to concentration of pertechnetate and varying with drop time in the manner expected for a diffusion current, often corresponded to non-integral values of n . In certain basic media the reduction of pertechnetate led to the formation of an insoluble oxidizable surface film. Under all conditions investigated the reduction of pertechnetate proved to be irreversible.
FILIAL PIETY AS A BASIS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN CONFUCIUS AND MENCIUS

Etude de la conception de la piete filiale developpee par Confucius et Mencius dans le sens d'une limitation de l'autorite politique et d'une preseance des responsabilites du legislateur. Distinguant le caractere inne de la piete filiale de la fidelite au gouvernement, l'A. montre que l'obligation naturelle inherente a la piete filiale chez les confucianistes anciens est comparable a la loi naturelle qui fonde les droits de l'homme dans la pensee moderne occidentale
Academic Subject Guides: A Case Study of Use at San José State University

Subject guides are lists of resources created to assist students with their research needs. While academic librarians ascribe great importance to subject guide development, it is difficult to tell whether students find them useful. A review of the literature reveals a lack of user-centered data in this area. This study investigates students’ use of subject guides in three areas of study—Nursing, Journalism & Mass Communications, and Organization & Management. Results indicate that students who have received library instruction tend to use subject guides more frequently and find them useful.
Usability and Feasibility of PmEB: A Mobile Phone Application for Monitoring Real Time Caloric Balance

Obesity is a major public health challenge with over 65% of U.S. adults either overweight or obese. Estimated annual costs of obesity are around $78.5 billion. Self-monitoring is a critical skill for successful weight management. However, self-monitoring is labor-intensive and compliance is often difficult. In this paper, we describe the Patient-Centered Assessment and Counseling Mobile Energy Balance (PmEB) cell phone application that allows users to self-monitor caloric balance in real time. We developed and applied a four-phase iterative research and development methodology. We conducted a usability study and a preliminary feasibility study. The one month feasibility study measured compliance and satisfaction among a sample of 15 participants randomized to one of three groups: 1) a paper diary group, 2) a PmEB group with one daily prompt, and 3) a PmEB group with three daily prompts. PmEB scored highly on usability, compliance, and satisfaction. In addition, cell phone group users scored PmEB the same as or better than Paper Group members scored the paper diary in nearly all categories. Thematic analysis of comments revealed very positive reviews of PmEB as well as areas for improvement. PmEB is both usable and feasible for self-monitoring in weight management, and our iterative pilot study methodology was effective in improving its usability.
Fluorescence studies of red blood cell membranes from individuals with Huntington's disease.

: Fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to investigate and compare the properties of erythrocyte membranes from individuals with Huntington's Disease (HD) and from normal individuals. Erythrocyte ghosts were labeled with four different fluorescent probes: 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH); 6-lauroyl-2-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene (Laurdan); 2-(4-maleimide anilino)-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (MIANS) and 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (IAEDANS). DPH is sensitive to the microviscosity of the membranes. Laurdan is highly sensitive to the polarity and relaxation time of its environment. MIANS and IAEDANS both react covalently with sulfhydryl groups in membrane proteins. Erythrocyte membranes were labeled separately with each of these four probes, and we measured the centers of gravity of the fluorescence emission, the fluorescence anisotropies, and the fluorescence lifetimes. In 10 separate experiments, including a total of 24 patients and 14 control individuals, we found no significant differences between the two groups for any of the probes or spectral parameters. These results do not support the existence of a “generalized membrane defect” in individuals with HD.
Critical exponents for long-range interactions

Long-range components of the interaction in statistical mechanical systems may affect the critical behavior, raising the system's ‘effective dimension’. Presented here are explicit implications to this effect of a collection of rigorous results on the critical exponents in ferromagnetic models with one-component Ising (and more genrally Griffiths=Simon class) spin variables. In particular, it is established that even in dimensions d<4 if a ferromagnetic Ising spin model has a reflection-positive pair interaction with a sufficiently slow decay, e.g. as J x=1/|x| d+δ with 0<δ≤d/2, then the exponents $$\hat \beta $$ , δ, γ and Δ4 exist and take their mean-field values. This proves rigorously an early renormalization-group prediction of Fisher, Ma and Nickel. In the converse direction: when the decay is by a similar power law with δ>-2, then the long-range part of the interaction has no effect on the existent critical exponent bounds, which coincide then with those obtained for short-range models.
Sequential cropping of fly ash-amended soils: Effects on soil chemical properties and yield and elemental composition of plants

Fly ash from a western U.S. coal source was added to a calcareous soil and an acid soil at rates ranging up to and including 8% by weight. The treated soils were cropped to a native desert plant species followed by barley under greenhouse conditions, with the objective to monitor long-term effects of fly ash on soil and plant composition and plant productivity. Application of fly ash increased pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, B, and SO4 in soil. The increase in soil pH of the calcareous soil was completely buffered following the first crop. Boron and SO4 showed relatively low initial release but increased substantially upon cropping. Dry weight of shoots of the desert species and yield of barley grain were significantly improved upon addition of fly ash to soil. Data on analysis of plants showed positive response to S and Mo from fly ash, whereas the increase in Ca, B, and Na varied among soils and plants. The availability of P, Zn, Fe, and Mn to plants appeared to be diminished by fly ash. Low Cu:Mo ratios were found in the plants, suggesting potential problems of fly ash-treated crops intended for animal use. Although data on soil and plant analysis indicate substantial removal of fly ash-derived elements by plants, a long-term effect of the by-product on their chemical composition was evident.
Wavelength conversion bandwidth enhancement through quasi-phase-matching in a width modulated silicon waveguide

Width-modulated silicon waveguide is investigated as a means of quasi-phase-matching to enhance the bandwidth of wavelength conversion based on four-wave-mixing. A conversion bandwidth enhancement of ~40% is achievable in a 5mm sinusoidally modulated SOI waveguide.
Combining Brine Extraction, Desalination, and Residual-Brine Reinjection with CO2 Storage in Saline Formations: Implications for Pressure Management, Capacity, and Risk Mitigation

For industrial-scale CO2 injection in saline formations, pressure increase can be a limiting factor in storage capacity. To address this concern, we introduce Active CO2 Reservoir Management (ACRM), which combines brine extraction and residual-brine reinjection with CO2 injection, contrasting it with the conventional approach, which we call Passive CO2 Reservoir Management. ACRM reduces pressure buildup and CO2 and brine migration, which increases storage capacity. Also, “push-pull” manipulation of the CO2 plume can counteract buoyancy, exposing less of the caprock seal to CO2 and more of the storage formation to CO2, with a greater fraction of the formation utilized for trapping mechanisms. If the net extracted volume of brine is equal to the injected CO2 volume, pressure buildup is minimized, greatly reducing the Area of Review, and the risk of seal degradation, fault activation, and induced seismicity. Moreover, CO2 and brine migration will be unaffected by neighboring CO2 operations, which allows planning, assessing, and conducting of each operation to be carried out independently. In addition, ACRM creates a new product, as extracted brine is available as a feedstock for desalination technologies, such as Reverse Osmosis. These benefits can offset brine extraction and treatment costs, streamline permitting, and help gain public acceptance. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Insulin-sensitive myelin basic protein phosphorylation on tyrosine residues.

Abstract Rat brain plasma membranes were solubilized in detergent and a glycoprotein-enriched fraction was obtained by lectin affinity chromatography. This glycoprotein fraction contained insulin receptors, as well as protein kinases capable of phosphorylating some exogenously added substrates such as MAP2 (microtubule associated protein 2) and MBP (myelin basic protein), but not ribosomal protein S6. Phosphoamino acid analysis of MAP2 and MBP showed that phosphotyrosine residues, as well as phosphoserine/phosphotheronine residues, were present in both proteins under basal conditions. Whereas the addition of insulin to the rat brain membrane glycoprotein fraction in vitro had no effect on MAP2 phosphorylation, MBP phosphorylation was stimulated 2.7-fold in response to insulin. This phenomenon was dose-dependent, with half-maximal stimulation of MBP phosphorylation observed with 2 nM insulin. Phosphoamino acid analysis of MBP indicated that insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues nearly three-fold, whereas the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues was not increased. These results identify MBP as a substrate for the rat brain insulin receptor tyrosine-specific protein kinase in vitro .
Multiple requirements of the focal dermal hypoplasia gene porcupine during ocular morphogenesis.

Wnt glycoproteins control key processes during development and disease by activating various downstream pathways. Wnt secretion requires post-translational modification mediated by the O-acyltransferase encoded by the Drosophila porcupine homolog gene (PORCN). In humans, PORCN mutations cause focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH, or Goltz syndrome), an X-linked dominant multisystem birth defect that is frequently accompanied by ocular abnormalities such as coloboma, microphthalmia, or even anophthalmia. Although genetic ablation of Porcn in mouse has provided insight into the etiology of defects caused by ectomesodermal dysplasia in FDH, the requirement for Porcn and the actual Wnt ligands during eye development have been unknown. In this study, Porcn hemizygosity occasionally caused ocular defects reminiscent of FDH. Conditional inactivation of Porcn in periocular mesenchyme led to defects in mid- and hindbrain and in craniofacial development, but was insufficient to cause ocular abnormalities. However, a combination of conditional Porcn depletion in optic vesicle neuroectoderm, lens, and neural crest–derived periocular mesenchyme induced severe eye abnormalities with high penetrance. In particular, we observed coloboma, transdifferentiation of the dorsal and ventral retinal pigment epithelium, defective optic cup periphery, and closure defects of the eyelid, as well as defective corneal morphogenesis. Thus, Porcn is required in both extraocular and neuroectodermal tissues to regulate distinct Wnt-dependent processes during morphogenesis of the posterior and anterior segments of the eye.
Fuel preheating in free-burning fires

The propagation of a line fire front in a brush fire and a ground fire burning through combustible debris was studied. The complex integral equation for the propagation of the ignition zone in a brush fire was solved by the zoning technique used in gas-radiation calculations, with absorption coefficient or mean free path evaluated for the randomly arranged elements of the fuel bed. The solution yielded the shape of the ignition zone or locus of the burning front, the velocity of propagation of the zone, and fuel-bed temperatures ahead of the ignition front as a function of parameters describing the bed compactness, the ambient air, the flame plume, and the ember temperature. Experimental modeling studies were made with shredded newsprint and wood excelsior to simulate, respectively, fuel beds in ground and brush fires. Results from the ground-fire studies suggested a means of resolving a disagreement between theory and experiment encountered in an earlier investigation of ground-fire behavior. Although the application of the zoning technique for the brush-fire studies demonstrated its utility for predicting the effects of action-at-a-distance phenomena in free-burning fires, the treatment stopped short of provision for adequate ground-level boundary conditions. A method of allowing for this is suggested.
Laplacian solitons and symmetry in G2-geometry

Abstract In this paper, it is shown that (with no additional assumptions) on a compact 7 -dimensional manifold which admits a G 2 -structure, soliton solutions to the Laplacian flow of R. Bryant can only be shrinking or steady. We also show that the space of symmetries (vector fields that annihilate via the Lie derivative) of a torsion-free G 2 -structure on a compact 7 -manifold is canonically isomorphic to H 1 ( M , R ) by a direct method. Some comparisons with Ricci solitons are also discussed and emphasized, along with some future directions of exploration.
Quantitative Studies of Glow-Discharge Deposition Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Intensities of CH optical emission and electrical properties of methane rf discharges as a function of pressure are presented and discussed. The results are consistent with a model in which the properties of the discharge are dominated by secondary electrons traversing the gap between the electrodes.
OUTPATIENT PARENTERAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY FOR OSTEOMYELITIS

OPAT for osteomyelitis is effective, safe, and well-established. There are particular considerations with osteomyelitis, however, that relate to patient selection and the plans of therapy. Orthopedic infections may impose physical considerations that need to be considered. Concomitant medical problems, such as diabetes, must be considered and may be good reasons for hospital care aside from the infection. Further investigations of treatment of osteomyelitis are clearly needed, with OPAT patients being good subjects to study.
Synthesis and Photochemistry of a Photolabile Precursor of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) That Is Photolyzed in the Microsecond Time Region and Is Suitable for Chemical Kinetic Investigations of the NMDA Receptor†

The amino acid l-glutamate is a major neurotransmitter at excitatory synapses within the central nervous system. Neuronal responses to glutamate are mediated by at least three receptor types, one of which is the NMDA subtype, named for its specific ligand N-methyl-d-aspartic acid. Neurotransmitter receptors are transmembrane proteins that can form ion channels upon binding a specific ligand and are involved in many physiological activities of the brain and in some neurological disorders. Elucidating the mechanisms of the formation of transmembrane receptor-channels and of receptor regulation and inhibition is necessary for understanding nervous system function and for designing potential therapeutic agents. This has been hampered by the lack of rapid reaction techniques suitable for investigating protein-mediated reactions on cell surfaces. Recently a laser-pulse photolysis technique was developed to study the chemical reactions of channel-forming receptor proteins in the microsecond-to-millisecond time r...
Is it Race, Immigrant Status, or Both? An Analysis of Wage Disparities among Men in the United States

The intersection of race and immigrant status forms a unique social space where minority group members and immigrants are afforded or denied the privileges that are routinely accorded to native-born, non-Hispanic whites. Yet recent research on the intersection of race and immigrant status is inconsistent in its findings, limited to a small number of racial groups, and does not account for the geographic distribution of racial/ethnic groups. In this paper, we shed light on the intersection of race and immigrant status by answering two questions: (1) Do racial disparities in socioeconomic outcomes vary by nativity? and (2) Do native-immigrant disparities in socioeconomic outcomes vary by race? Using 2000 Census data linked to metropolitan area and sending country data, we find that racial disparities are similar and significant among natives and immigrants (Question 1). Asians, blacks, and Latinos fare significantly worse than their white counterparts in both the native and immigrant populations. Furthermore, our analysis of native-immigrant wage disparities by race reveals that the immigrant experience is considerably worse for Asians, blacks, and Latinos (Question 2). These groups also receive fewer wage returns to years spent in the U.S. and their wage disparities are magnified by the percentage of immigrants in a metropolitan area – whereas all whites receive a wage premium when living in an area with a larger share of immigrants. The results suggest that race and immigrant status work in concert to uniquely influence the social experience of immigrant minorities in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Radio propagation by reflection from meteor trails

This paper is a survey of those characteristics of meteors, and of meteor propagation, which are important to the understanding and use of meteor ionization insofar as it provides a means of radio transmission. The subjects discussed include the utility of meteor bursts for intermittent radio communication, physical properties of meteors and meteor trails, reflection properties of individual trails, short-term statistical characteristics of received signals, and long-term statistical characteristics of received signals.
Inspiratory pressure/maximal inspiratory pressure ratio: a predictive index of weaning outcome.

To compane the accuracy of PI/ PImax ratio and other commonly used indices in predicting weaning outcome. A prospective study. Intensive care unit. 31 stable intubated patients ready to undergo weaning trial. A simple method was developed to measure the PI and PImax in intubated patients. The accuracy of PI/PImax ratio and other commonly used indices in predicting outcome were compared. All indices were measured prior to weaning trial using standardized methods. Minute ventilation of the successful patients (13.00±0.67 (SE) l/min) was not significantly different from the failure patients (10.64±1.26 l/min,p=0.10). The PI and PImax for the successful patients (11.48±1.25 cmH2O and 47.77±4.48 cm H2O, respectively) and the unsuccessful, patients (14.32±2.31 cmH2O and 40.16±4.55 cmH2O respectively) were also not significantly different (p=0.28 and 0.24 respectively). The PI/PImax ratio was lower for the weaning successes (0.26±0.03) than for the weaning failures (0.36±0.04,p<0.05). The threshold value of 0.3 for PI/PImax provided the best separation between weaning success and failure patients. The combined usage of rapid shallow breathing index and PI/PImax ratio provided the highest accuracy with sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.93. The PI/PImax ratio provided a good separation between the patients who were successfully weaned and those who failed. It provides additional discriminative power to f/VT.