cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral analysis of male rat sexual motivation and performance following acute ethanol treatment

Abstract To characterize the effects of acute ethanol treatment on sexual motivation and performance, 30 male Long–Evans rats were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: saline ( n =9), 0.25 g/kg ethanol ( n =10), or 1.0 g/kg ethanol ( n =11). Males were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before behavioral testing. Male rats were placed in a multilevel testing chamber 5 min prior to the introduction of a receptive female rat and level changes were recorded as an index of sexual motivation. After the female rat was placed in the chamber, standard measures of sexual performance were recorded over three weekly tests. Results indicated that the highest dose of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) increased male rat level-changing behavior compared to the saline group. Although ethanol treatment failed to affect most measures of sexual performance, males administered 1.0 g/kg ethanol had fewer anogenital investigations and had longer postejaculatory intervals (PEIs) compared to control animals. The data from this experiment suggest that ethanol increases rodent sexual motivation but impairs specific parameters of sexual performance.
Technetium-99m Radiochemical Assay by Rapid Filtration: A Superior Alternative to Chromatography

A new method for simultaneously measuring radiochemical purity and estimated lung trapping of colloidal technetium-99m (99mTc) radiopharmaceuticals is described. The method employs a small filtration device comprised of two stacked membrane filters, differing in membrane composition and in pore size, situated over a filtrate collection vial. Specifically, an 8-μm pore polycarbonate membrane filter is situated above a 0.22-μm pore mixed-cellulose-esters membrane filter. For assay, a diluted aliquot of radiopharmaceutical is passed through the filtration device. Technetium-99m radioactivity on the membranes and in the vial is then measured. The polycarbonate filter traps and quantitates lung-capillary-occluding particles. The mixed-cellulose-esters filter traps and quantitates radiocolloid particles irrespective of relative size. The filtrate contains free pertechnetate. Within 4 min, this method yields results that compare well with those achieved by conventional techniques. The method works equally well for large colloidal particles ([99mTc]stannous colloid), intermediate-size particles ([99mTc]sulfur colloid), and small-size particles ([99mTc] antimony trisulfide colloid).
Crystalloid resuscitation restores but does not maintain cardiac output following severe hemorrhage.

Abstract Although Ringer's lactate (RL) is routinely used for resuscitation, it is not known whether this fluid alone restores and maintains the depressed cardiac output (CO) following severe hemorrhage. To study this, a fiberoptic catheter was inserted to the level of the aortic arch in rats. Following indocyanine green (0.05 mg) administration, CO was measured using an in vivo hemoreflectometer (IVH). The rats were then bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg until 40% of the shed blood volume was returned in the form of RL. They were resuscitated with 2, 3, or 4 times (x) the volume of the shed blood with RL and CO recorded at various intervals thereafter. The results indicate that CO decreased significantly during hemorrhage and remained depressed following resuscitation with 2 or 3x RL. CO was normal immediately after resuscitation with 4x RL, but it was not sustained and decreased significantly 0.5 to 8 hr postresuscitation. This was not due to the decreased hematocrit since acute hemodilution did not decrease CO. These results indicate that: (1) the progressive changes in CO following hemorrhage and resuscitation can be measured in rats by using IVH; (2) resuscitation with 4x RL restores total peripheral resistance to normal, but does not maintain CO, suggesting that pharmacological support may be needed under such conditions; (3) the lack of maintenance of CO following resuscitation may play an important role in the development of multiple organ failure after severe hemorrhage.
Estimating the Average Slope

The slope is usually the parameter of primary importance in a simple linear regression. If the straight line model gives a poor fit to the data, one can consider the average slope of the non-linear response. In this paper, we show that if the response is quadratic, then the average slope can be obtained by simply using the slope from a straight line fit. In fact, if the slope of the best fitting line to a smooth non-linear function equals the average slope of the function over an arbitrary interval, then the function must be quadratic. This paper illustrates the case where intentionally fitting a wrong model (in this case, a straight line) gives the correct result (the average slope). The example which motivated this study is used to illustrate the results.
Weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats are not sensitive to the antiestrogenic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)

Investigators have shown that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can inhibit certain estrogenic events in vivo and in vitro. To further investigate this phenomenon, the effects of estradiol [E2] alone or TCDD plus estradiol on several estrogen-dependent parameters were evaluated in weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats. [E2] (10 μg/kg/day, Postnatal Days (PND) 21 and 22) caused significant increases in relative uterine weight and keratinization of the vaginal epithelium (PND 23). [E2] significantly reduced uterine estrogen receptor (ER) protein levels and serum FSH levels, with a trend toward reduction of ER mRNA levels. None of these parameters were affected by pre-treatment with 20, 40 or 80 μ g/kg TCDD (PND 19). Uterine progesterone receptor levels were not affected by [E-2] or TCDD in the present study. In contrast, TCDD significantly decreased the body weight (40 or 80 μg/kg) by PND 21, significantly decreased relative thymic weights, and significantly increased relative hepatic weights (20, 40, and 80 μg/kg, by PND 23). In addition, TCDD dramatically induced CYPIA1 hepatic mRNA levels, indicating that TCDD was properly delivered and could mediate other well documented Ah receptor-dependent events. Thus, weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats are not sensitive to antiestrogenic effects of TCDD at doses which cause overt toxicity. The results provide evidence that the previously reported antiestrogenic effects of TCDD are probably species, strain, and age dependent.
Distribution of Radioactive Metabolites Between Bovine Spermatozoa and the Incubation Medium

Abstract Washed bovine spermatozoa were incubated with glutamate-U- 14 C, succinate-1,4- 14 C, glucose-U- 14 C, and acetate-2- 14 C, and the distribution of radioactivity between sperm cells and incubation medium determined. Using density-gradient centrifugation through 11% lactose–1% formalin, only 1 to 2% of the recovered radioactivity from glutamate or succinate was in the sperm cell fraction; with glucose this figure was about 7%, but with acetate, 75%. Thus with some substrates, a reduction in interfering substances and consequent improvement in electrophoretic-chromatographic separation of metabolites can be obtained by removing the sperm and analyzing only the incubation medium.
Reaction of 4-(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)dimethylhydrazone-3(Z)-penten-2-one with BrRe(CO)5 and fac-BrRe(CO)3(THF)2: Synthesis, structural characterization, and DFT examination of the β-diketimine-substituted compound fac-BrRe(CO)3[(Me2NNCMe)2CH2]

Abstract Thermolysis of BrRe(CO) 5 with 4-(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)dimethylhydrazone-3( Z )-penten-2-one in toluene at 70 °C furnishes the new β-diketimine-substituted complex fac -BrRe(CO) 3 [(Me 2 NNCMe) 2 CH 2 ] ( 1 ) in 50–70% isolated yield. Product 1 is also obtained in comparable yield when the same reactants are irradiated at 366 nm at room temperature in fluid solution. Treatment of the parent ligand with the “lightly stabilized” rhenium compound fac -BrRe(CO) 3 (THF) 2 affords 1 as the sole observable rhenium product. Complex 1 has been characterized in solution by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The solid-state structure confirms that the ancillary nitrogen ligand in 1 coordinates to the rhenium center as a chelating β-diketimine moiety, making this the first structurally characterized example of a β-diketimine derivative containing the parent ligand. Complex 1 has been examined by DFT analysis, and the ground-state structure computed for 1 is in agreement with the X-ray diffraction structure. Treatment of 1 with the phosphines Ph 2 PH and 1,2-( Z )-Ph 2 PCH CHPPh 2 (dppen) leads to loss of the β-diketimine ligand and formation of fac -BrRe(CO) 3 (Ph 2 PH) 2 ( 2 ) and fac -BrRe(CO) 3 (dppen) ( 3 ), respectively. Both of these products have been isolated, and the X-ray diffraction structure of the Ph 2 PH-substituted derivative determined. The relative energies of the different tautomeric forms of the 4-(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)dimethylhydrazone-3( Z )-penten-2-one ligand and 4-(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)-3( Z )-penten-2-one, the precursor to the parent ligand, have been investigated by DFT analyses. The most stable tautomer for each compound contains a six-membered ring and exhibits an intramolecular N–H bond to the imine and keto moiety, respectively.
U.S. Children's Bureau Collaboration With Schools of Social Work: Professionalizing and Improving Child Welfare

In celebration and commemoration of the U.S. Children's Bureau Centennial, the Journal of Public Child Welfare (JPCW) has published this double special issue titled “One Hundred Years of the U.S. C...
Correction factor for the PPVT as a reading test.

A previous communication described a modification of the Peabody scale ( 1 ) for measuring reading levels in pacients with little or no useable expressive oral speech ( 2 ) . This modification (Peabody,) has been particularly useful with the hearing impaired and with expressive aphasics whose reading typically cannot be measured with standard inventories. In the previous study the Wide Range Achievement Test reading level ( 3 ) correlated .72 with the Peabody, IQs. However, age-related discrepancies were found between scores on the Wide Range and the Peabody,. The present paper reports data for a larger sample and presents a correction factor for the discrepancies caused by the differential specificity of mental age by the two scales. Table 1 presents means, standard deviations and pertinent intercorrelations for age, Wechsler IQ, Peabody, score, and Wide Range reading scores for 60 hearing children referred for potential learning disorders. This sample yielded a higher correlation between Peabody, and Wide Range MA than did the previous study and also a higher correlation with age partialled o u t
Hepatitis G virus co-infection in liver transplantation recipients with chronic hepatitis C and nonviral chronic liver disease.

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly described RNA virus that is parenterally transmitted and has been found frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. To determine the impact of hepatitis G virus co-infection on morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation, we measured HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in pre and posttransplantation sera from a cohort of patients transplanted for chronic hepatitis C and a control group of patients transplanted for nonviral causes who were negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum. The overall prevalence rate of HGV RNA in transplanted patients with chronic hepatitis C was 20.7%. HGV infection was present before transplantation in 13% while it appeared to have been acquired at the time of transplantation in 7.4%. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic histological activity, and patient and graft survival were similar between HGV-positive and HGV-negative patients. The prevalence rate of HGV RNA in transplanted controls was 64% (P < .01) with a significantly higher rate of acquisition of HGV infection following transplantation (53%, P < .001) when compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the control patients with HGV infection alone following transplantation than in patients co-infected with hepatitis C (37 ± 9 vs. 70 ± 33 U/L, P < .01). Thus, HGV is frequently found in transplantation patients co-infected with hepatitis C although it appears to have minimal clinical impact. In patients transplanted for nonviral causes of end-stage liver disease, a high rate of hepatitis G acquisition at the time of transplantation may occur but does not appear to predispose to chronic hepatitis.
High resolution macroscopy (HRMac) of the eye using nonlinear optical imaging

Non-linear optical (NLO) imaging using femtosecond lasers provides a non-invasive means of imaging the structural organization of the eye through the generation of second harmonic signals (SHG). While NLO imaging is able to detect collagen, the small field of view (FoV) limits the ability to study how collagen is structurally organized throughout the larger tissue. To address this issue we have used computed tomography on optical and mechanical sectioned tissue to greatly expand the FoV and provide high resolution macroscopic (HRMac) images that cover the entire tissue (cornea and optic nerve head). Whole, fixed cornea (13 mm diameter) or optic nerve (3 mm diameter) were excised and either 1) embedded in agar and sectioned using a vibratome (200-300 um), or 2) embedded in LR White plastic resin and serially sectioned (2 um). Vibratome and plastic sections were then imaged using a Zeiss LSM 510 Meta and Chameleon femtosecond laser to generate NLO signals and assemble large macroscopic 3-dimensional tomographs with high resolution that varied in size from 9 to 90 Meg pixels per plane having a resolution of 0.88 um lateral and 2.0 um axial. 3-D reconstructions allowed for regional measurements within the cornea and optic nerve to quantify collagen content, orientation and organization over the entire tissue. We conclude that NLO based tomography to generate HRMac images provides a powerful new tool to assess collagen structural organization. Biomechanical testing combined with NLO tomography may provide new insights into the relationship between the extracellular matrix and tissue mechanics.
Identifying best methods for routine ELISA detection of microcystin in seafood

Ingestion of water contaminated with the cyanotoxin, microcystin (MC), can pose serious health risks to humans. MC is also known to accumulate in seafood; however, this exposure pathway is much less understood. A fundamental element of this uncertainty is related to analytical difficulties. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) offer one of the best options for routine MC detection, but methods of detecting MC in tissue are far from standardized. We spiked freshwater finfish and marine mussel tissues with MC, then compared recovery rates using four different preparation protocols and two ELISA types (polyclonal anti-MC-ADDA/direct monoclonal (DM)). Preparation protocol, type of ELISA, and seafood tissue variety significantly affected MC detection. This is the first known study to use DM ELISA for tissue analyses, and our findings demonstrate that DM ELISA combined with a short solvent extraction results in fewer false positives than other commonly used methods. This method can be used for rapid and reliable MC detection in seafood.
Un‐cross‐linked fibrin substrates inhibit keratinocyte spreading and replication: Correction with fibronectin and factor XIII cross‐linking

Wound repair is characterized by the presence of a fibrin-rich matrix, but the effect of fibrin on re-epithelialization remains unclear. In this study, we determined the effects of different fibrin matrices on cultured human neonatal keratinocytes. Using purified fibrinogen and fibrin gels generated by the enzymatic action of thrombin, batroxobin (it leads to retention of fibrinopeptide B), or Agkistrodon contortrix thrombin-like enzyme (ACTE; it leads to retention of fibrinopeptide A), we determined the effect of each of these matrices on keratinocyte morphology, attachment, spreading, and replication as compared to tissue culture plastic. Morphologically, keratinocytes seeded on fibrin surfaces were more rounded and formed three-dimensional structures. Specific cell attachment, as measured at either 37°C or 4°C, was not altered on the different fibrin substrates (P > .05) but was increased on fibrinogen and factor XIII cross-linked fibrin (P < .01). However, keratinocytes seeded on fibrin, regardless of the presence or absence of fibrinopeptides A or B, showed a marked decrease (up to 71%) in cell numbers by days 5 (P = .0357) and 10 (P = .0114). Keratinocyte spreading was decreased by 78.8% (P = .0006), 80.3% (P = .0001), and 89.2% (P = .0001) on thrombin-, batroxobin-, and ACTE-generated fibrin, respectively, but not on fibrinogen-coated dishes. However, either the addition of fibronectin or cross-linking of fibrin with factor XIII allowed full keratinocyte spreading to occur (P = .0002 and P = .0013, respectively). We conclude that fibrin inhibits keratinocyte spreading in the absence of other matrix or plasma proteins or cross-linking by factor XIII. J. Cell. Physiol. 174:58–65, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Carbon dioxide resistive sensor based on titanium oxide nanowires doped with potassium

Potassium-doped titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) nanowires are fabricated by the moisture-assisted, direct oxidation of a thin film of titanium at 650°C. The influence of the fabrication conditions on the structure and morphology of the nanowires was investigated. It was shown that the presence of potassium (K) is necessary for the formation of the nanowires. The density of growth of the nanowires was high, and the lengths of the nanowires were tens of micrometres. The K-doped TiO 2 nanowires showed the possibility of use as a sensing material because of their significant and consistent response to responding to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas. In addition, H 2 plasma treatment improved the sensitivity of the CO 2 gas sensor made of K-doped TiO 2 nanowires. Although the sensing mechanism is not clear, this development suggests opportunities for the fabrication of simple and inexpensive CO 2 microsensors with low power consumption.
Naming the Trinity: From Ideologies of Translation to Dialectics of Reception in Colonial Nahua Texts, 1547- 1771*

(2000). Naming the Trinity: From Ideologies of Translation to Dialectics of Reception in Colonial Nahua Texts, 1547-1771. Colonial Latin American Review: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 21-47.
Cultivating a Spirit for Justice and Peace: Teaching Through Oral History

Abstract The thesis of this article is that teaching through oral history cultivates a spirit for justice and peace, as well as knowledge and skills that contribute to that spirit. The authors examine periodical literature focused on justice and peace education and analyze a course taught through oral history. Both the literature and case study yield thematic insights. The dialogue between them suggests educational practices that serve justice and peace: engaging in active, practical learning; encountering cultural, contextual, and pedagogical diversity; analyzing social systems; building strong, multivalent learning communities; fostering imagination, wonder, and empathy; inspiring creative agency; and challenging with encouragement.
Somatic gene therapy for cardiovascular disease: Recent advances

The recent development of several novel approaches for in vivo gene transfer into the coronary arteries and myocardium has led to new possibilities for the treatment of both acquired and inherited cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the current state of the art of in vivo gene transfer into the heart and coronary arteries with particular emphasis on antisense oligonucleotide-mediated suppression of gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, liposome-mediated gene transfer into the vasculature, and percutaneous transluminal gene transfer (PTGT) into the heart with the use of replication-defective adenoviruses.
BMP-dependent serosa and amnion specification in the scuttle fly Megaselia abdita

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is an essential factor in dorsoventral patterning of animal embryos but how BMP signaling evolved with fundamental changes in dorsoventral tissue differentiation is unclear. Flies experienced an evolutionary reduction of extra-embryonic tissue types from two (amniotic and serosal tissue) to one (amnionserosal tissue). BMP-dependent amnioserosa specification has been studied in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the mechanisms of serosal and amniotic tissue specification in less diverged flies remain unknown. To better understand potential evolutionary links between BMP signaling and extra-embryonic tissue specification, we examined the activity profile and function of BMP signaling in serosa and amnion patterning of the scuttle fly Megaselia abdita (Phoridae) and compared the BMP activity profiles between M. abdita and D. melanogaster. In blastoderm embryos of both species, BMP activity peaked at the dorsal midline. However, at the beginning of gastrulation, peak BMP activity in M. abdita shifted towards prospective amnion tissue. This transition correlated with the first signs of amnion differentiation laterally adjacent to the serosa anlage. Marker-assisted analysis of six BMP signaling components (dpp, gbb, scw, tkv, sax, sog) by RNA interference revealed that both serosa and amnion specification of M. abdita are dependent on BMP activity. Conversely, BMP gain-of-function experiments caused sharpened expression boundaries of extra-embryonic target genes indicative of positive feedback. We propose that changes in the BMP activity profile at the beginning of gastrulation might have contributed to the reduction of extra-embryonic tissue types during the radiation of cyclorrhaphan flies.
Collagen cross-linking in adult patients with acute and chronic fibrotic lung disease : molecular markers for fibrotic collagen

Lung tissue from patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and control subjects with no obvious fibrotic lung disease was analyzed for its content of the collagen cross-links hydroxylysinonorleucine (HLNL), dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL), and hydroxypyridinium (OHP). We observed significant elevations of the DHLNL:HLNL ratio in patients with ARDS, and significant increases in the content of OHP in lungs of patients with ILD. These results are consistent with data from animal models of fibrotic lung disease, suggesting that increases in the DHLNL:HLNL ratio of lung collagen may serve as a marker of an acute fibrotic episode, whereas increased lung collagen OHP content serves as a marker of chronic lung fibrosis. We suggest that the underlying mechanism for the changes in DHLNL content in (pre)fibrotic acutely injured lung tissue and in OHP content in long-term fibrosis may be an increase in the activity of lysyl hydroxylase, a key intracellular enzyme responsible for a specific post-translational modification of collagen.
Effect of short-term separation on behavioral health of military wives

The purposes of this study were to: 1) describe the effect of short-term separation on the behavioral health of military wives using a descriptive pre-test post-test design and 2) to examine predictors of depression among wives of selected active duty military personnel during short-term separation. Specifically, the research was guided by the following questions: 1) Does post-separation depression vary based on socio-demographic characteristics? 2) Do military wives have resiliency when separated from their active duty military husbands? 3) Is short-term separation associated with a decrease in relationship satisfaction among military wives of active duty military personnel? 4) Are stress levels in military wives in response to separation associated with levels of social support or resiliency? And lastly, 5) Do socio-demographic characteristics, social support, resiliency, perceptions of stress, and/or relationship satisfaction predict depression in military wives? The data in this study was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire using a combination of five standard instruments: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck Depression Inventory II, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10, Perceived Stress Scale, and Relationship Assessment Scale. Thirty-two military wives of active-duty military personnel participated in the study. The typical military wife was in her early thirties, was white, had a college degree, was a homemaker and had a family income of greater than $100,000. Average length of marriage was 10 years with about two separations. The results indicated that there is no change in levels of resiliency and levels of relationship satisfaction pre- and post- separation. Sociodemographic, age, number of separations, length of separations, length of marriage, time living with the husband, and social support had no significant relationship with post-separation depression. The study revealed that resiliency is a significant predictor of stress scores, but social support was not a predictor of stress scores. Lastly, the study showed a strong relationship between stress and depression as predicted in the literature. Due to the small sample size typical of pilot studies and lack of power, findings should be interpreted with caution. The knowledge gained from this study will add to new findings about short-term separation.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE BIONOMICS OF PHODAGA ALTICEPS (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

A detailed analysis of male courtship behavior in Phodaga alticeps LeC. is presented. Although behavior in this species shares the basic pattern characterizing the subfamily Meloinae, several unique features are present. These include the mounted male being supported primarily by the substrate rather than the body of the female, and the anterior positioning of the male’s middle legs during most of the courtship period. Male stimulation of the female is tactual in nature and consists of periodically curling the antennae around those of the female and at the same time stimulating her maxillary palpi with the middle legs. Bouts of tactual display alternate throughout courtship with periods of male quiescence. Genital insertion attempts are rare in this species and probably occur only prior to copulation. Besides a description of male behavior the structural modifications functionally correlated with courtship are described; and concomitant female behavior and its effects on the male are discussed. In addition, the pattern of courtship in P . alticeps is compared to that of other meloids. Particular attention is given to behavior in its closest relative, Negalius marmoratus Casey.Other aspects of the bionomics of P . alticeps are also treated in this paper. Geographic distribution, seasonal distribution, feeding behavior, defense, antennal cleaning, and oviposition behavior are stressed.
Ultrasound biomicroscopic diagnosis of cyclitic membranes.

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of ultrasound biomicroscopy in imaging cyclitic membranes. METHODS: Patients with hypotony and suspected or known cyclitic membrane underwent ultrasound biomicroscopic examination. Histopathology of cyclitic membrane was correlated with ultrasound biomicroscopy in three cases. RESULTS: Six eyes of six patients were enrolled. Mean patient age was 62.2 ± 18.4 (SD) years. The mean intraocular pressure in the affected eye was 4.3 ± 3.4 mmHg. Three eyes were pseudophakic and three eyes were aphakic. All eyes had undergone two or more previous intraocular surgeries. Ultrasound biomicroscopy imaged the cyclitic membrane in all six eyes. Histopathology revealed fibroproliferative cyclitic membranes with associated inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is useful in detecting the presence of those cyclitic membranes that may not be identified on clinical examination.
Novel monitoring techniques for characterizing frictional interfaces in the laboratory.

A pressure-sensitive film was used to characterize the asperity contacts along a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) interface in the laboratory. The film has structural health monitoring (SHM) applications for flanges and other precision fittings and train rail condition monitoring. To calibrate the film, simple spherical indentation tests were performed and validated against a finite element model (FEM) to compare normal stress profiles. Experimental measurements of the normal stress profiles were within −7.7% to 6.6% of the numerical calculations between 12 and 50 MPa asperity normal stress. The film also possessed the capability of quantifying surface roughness, an important parameter when examining wear and attrition in SHM applications. A high definition video camera supplied data for photometric analysis (i.e., the measure of visible light) of asperities along the PMMA-PMMA interface in a direct shear configuration, taking advantage of the transparent nature of the sample material. Normal stress over individual asperities, calculated with the pressure-sensitive film, was compared to the light intensity transmitted through the interface. We found that the luminous intensity transmitted through individual asperities linearly increased 0.05643 ± 0.0012 candelas for an increase of 1 MPa in normal stress between normal stresses ranging from 23 to 33 MPa.
Ru(II) complexes of new tridentate ligands: unexpected high yield of sensitized 1O2.

Ru(II) complexes possessing new tridentate ligands with extended π systems, pydppx (3-(pyrid-2′-yl)-11,12-dimethyl-dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) and pydppn (3-(pyrid-2′-yl)-4,5,9,16-tetraaza-dibenzo[a,c]naphthacene), were synthesized and characterized. The investigation of the photophysical properties of the series [Ru(tpy)n(L)2−n]2+ (L = pydppx, pydppn, n = 0−2) reveals markedly different excited state behavior among the complexes. The Ru(II) complexes possessing the pydppx ligand are similar to the pydppz (3-(pyrid-2′-yl)dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) systems, with a lowest energy metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited state with lifetimes of 1−4 ns. In contrast, the lowest energy excited state in the [Ru(tpy)n(pydppn)2−n]2+ (n = 0, 1) complexes is a ligand-centered 3ππ* localized on the pydppn ligand with lifetimes of ∼20 μs. The [Ru(tpy)n(pydppn)2−n]2+ (n = 0, 1) complexes are able to generate 1O2 with ∼100% efficiency. Both [Ru(tpy)(pydppn)]2+ and [Ru(pydppn)2]2+ bind to DNA, however, the for...
Automatically generated word pronunciations from phoneme classifier output

An automatic procedure for modeling alternative pronunciations of words produced by different talkers is described. The research compared recognition performance on forty city and state names using three different representations of each word. In the first case, the expected pronunciation(s) of each word was produced by an expert. In the second case, a dynamic programming algorithm was used to create a pronunciation network for each word by combining phonetic transcriptions from ten utterances of the word produced by human labelers. The third case was identical to the second, except that the phonetic labels were provided automatically by a phonetic recognition algorithm. On a test set of words produced by new speakers, equivalent recognition performance was observed for the pronunciation networks derived from human and machine labels. Both produced performance superior to that obtained with the pronunciations produced by the expert. >
Laughlin state on stretched and squeezed cylinders and edge excitations in the quantum Hall effect.

We study the Laughlin wave function on the cylinder. We find it only describes an incompressible fluid when the two lengths of the cylinder are comparable. As the radius is made smaller at fixed area, we observe a continuous transition to the charge-density-wave Tao-Thouless state. We also present some exact properties of the wave function in its polynomial form. We then study the edge excitations of the quantum Hall incompressible fluid modeled by the Laughlin wave function. The exponent describing the fluctuation of the edge predicted by recent theories is shown to be identical with numerical calculations. In particular, we obtain the occupation amplitudes of edge state n(k) for four to ten electron-size systems. When plotted as a function of the scaled wave vector they become essentially free of finite-size effects. The resulting curve obtains a very good agreement with the appropriate infinite-size Calogero-Sutherland model occupation numbers. Finally, we numerically obtain n(k) of the edge excitations for some pairing states which may be relevant to the \ensuremath{\nu}=5/2 incompressible Hall state.
Relative Utility of Home, Ambulatory, and Office Blood Pressures in the Prediction of End-Organ Damage

Background Home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. We evaluated the independent value of HBP compared with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and office blood pressure (OBP) in the prediction of cardiovascular end-organ damage in normotensive subjects and untreated patients with mild hypertension. Methods One hundred sixty-three subjects underwent measurements of OBP, HBP, ABP, and echocardiography. A physician using a mercury-column sphygmomanometer performed three OBP measurements. The ABP was recorded using a noninvasive ambulatory monitor (mean, 35.4 awake readings per subject). Participants took HBP readings with an automatic, oscillometric device over a 10-week period (mean, 277.9 readings per subject). The left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated from measurements obtained from two-dimensionally guided M-mode or linear tracings on echocardiography. Results For systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP), the correlation coefficients of the LVMI with OBP, awake ABP, and HBP were 0.29/0.27, 0.41/0.26, and 0.47/0.35, respectively (all P Conclusions In contrast to OBP and ABP, HBP measurements, when averaged over a 10-week period, are independently related to LVMI. The HBP adds prognostic information over and above OBP and ABP in the prediction of cardiovascular end-organ damage, but this relationship appears to depend on the number of readings taken.
Commentary: Arts, Neighborhoods, and Social Practices: Towards an Integrated Epistemology of Community Arts

Despite a common concern for social change, the multidisciplinary fields of city planning and performance studies rely on different theories, epistemologies, and language. We argue that these fields share common roots and would benefit from integrating their approaches.We use three issues in community arts, along with a case study from Oakland, California, as a lens into this new joint epistemology. The first is the concern over arts as instrument: the tension over the social uses of arts and the arts as commodifying neighborhood. Second is the concept of audience development, often conceptualized as uplifting the audience without acknowledging daily lived experience. Third is the vulnerability that threatens artists and neighborhoods alike. A concluding section addresses the human capital implications of a new field of arts and city planning.
Introduction to Administrative Process: Cases and Materials

This is approximately the 13th revision of a 496 pp. casebook containing a modest statutory supplement. The second page grants a royalty-free license for noncommercial reproduction.The book has been used (sometimes twice annually) in, a 3-semester-hour survey for more than ten years. Except for when it was published by Carolina Academic Press, the book has been updated and otherwise revised for each use. This version is intended for use in the spring of 2011.Agencies that regulate technology or confer intellectual property rights have long been overlooked as governed by administrative law. This book attempts to correct that. Aside from agencies addressed in leading cases such as McKart or Chevron, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) receives the most attention. It offers rich opportunities for exploring both traditional and non-traditional administrative law topics. One non-traditional topic is the PTO's unique capacity to regulate practitioners; another is the Federal Circuit's singular role in direct and collateral review of PTO patent grants as well as it’s limited role in overseeing PTO trademark registrations. Because of status ambiguity generated by their residence within the Library of Congress, the Copyright Office and the Copyright Review Board, a sister agency central to collecting and distributing billions of dollars in compulsory media licenses, are also of interest.The focus is judicial oversight. Therefore, matters such as jurisdiction and other threshold issues, as well as standards of review, receive above average attention. Organization and content heavily rest on nearly forty years of teaching both administrative process and a full spectrum of substantive intellectual property courses. Development of the book was also advanced in a series of research seminars.The book contains no index. It does, however, have a relatively complete table of cases, often useful despite the capacity to search digitally. The statutory appendix includes the bulk of the Administrative Procedure Act and most of the Freedom of Information Act. It also contains relevant provisions from Titles 15 (trademarks), 17 (copyrights), 28 (courts) and 35 (patents) of the U.S. Code.
Room-temperature operation of a resonant-tunneling hot-electron transistor based integrated circuit

The first resonant-tunneling hot-electron transistor (RHET) EXCLUSIVE-NOR integrated circuit that operates at room temperature is demonstrated. The XNOR circuit consisting of a single resonant-tunneling transistor and four thin-film resistors, exhibits a 500-mV output voltage swing between the high- and low-logic levels when biased with a 1.8-V supply. The transistor, which features a novel InGaP collector barrier, has a peak current density of 4*10/sup 4/ A-cm/sup -2/, a common-base transfer coefficient of 0.9, and a peak-to-valley current ratio of 10:1 when operated in a common-emitter mode. >
SynView: a GBrowse-compatible approach to visualizing comparative genome data

Summary: We present SynView, a simple and generic approach to dynamically visualize multi-species comparative genome data. It is a light-weight application based on the popular and configurable web-based GBrowse framework. It can be used with a variety of databases and provides the user with a high degree of interactivity. The tool is written in Perl and runs on top of the GBrowse framework. It is in use in the PlasmoDB (http://www.PlasmoDB.org) and the CryptoDB (http://www.CryptoDB.org) projects and can be easily integrated into other cross-species comparative genome projects. Availability: The program and instructions are freely available at http://www.ApiDB.org/apps/SynView/ Contact: jkissing@uga.edu
HIV-1 induces cytoskeletal alterations and Rac1 activation during monocyte-blood–brain barrier interactions: modulatory role of CCR5

Most HIV strains that enter the brain are macrophage-tropic and use the CCR5 receptor to bind and infect target cells. Because the cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments involved in cellular movement and migration, we investigated whether CCR5 and the cytoskeleton are involved in endothelial-mononuclear phagocytes interactions, adhesion, and HIV-1 infection. Using a cytoskeleton phospho-antibody microarray, we showed that after co-culture with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), HIV-1 infected monocytes increased expression and activation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins, including Rac1/cdc42 and cortactin, compared to non-infected monocytes co-cultured with HBMEC. Analysis of brain tissues from HIV-1-infected patients validated these findings, and showed transcriptional upregulation of Rac1 and cortactin, as well as increased activation of Rac1 in brain tissues of HIV-1-infected humans, compared to seronegative individuals and subjects with HIV-1-encephalitis. Confocal imaging showed that brain cells expressing phosphorylated Rac1 were mostly macrophages and blood vessels. CCR5 antagonists TAK-799 and maraviroc prevented HIV-induced upregulation and phosphorylation of cytoskeleton-associated proteins, prevented HIV-1 infection of macrophages, and diminished viral-induced adhesion of monocytes to HBMEC. Ingenuity pathway analysis suggests that during monocyte-endothelial interactions, HIV-1 alters protein expression and phosphorylation associated with integrin signaling, cellular morphology and cell movement, cellular assembly and organization, and post-translational modifications in monocytes. CCR5 antagonists prevented these HIV-1-induced alterations. HIV-1 activates cytoskeletal proteins during monocyte-endothelial interactions and increase transcription and activation of Rac1 in brain tissues. In addition to preventing macrophage infection, CCR5 antagonists could diminish viral-induced alteration and phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins, monocyte adhesion to the brain endothelium and viral entry into the central nervous system.
An Experimental Investigation of Synthetic Jets in A Coow Wake

A round synthetic jet issuing into a coow wake is investigated experimentally in this paper. The ow eld of the jet is measured using hot-wire anemometry. The spreading and decaying of the synthetic jet is studied after taking into account the eect of the wake velocities. The evolution of the synthetic jet is modeled much like a continuous turbulent jet in a co-ow. The model employs an integral formulation where the excess momentum ux is conserved, along with a spreading hypothesis that assumes that the rate of growth of the shear layer is proportional to the relative velocity between the dominant eddies in the jet and the surroundings. The characteristic velocity and length scales are derived from an equivalent top hat velocity prole. The jet in the far eld is observed to exhibit selfsimilar behavior as distinguished by the collapse of the excess mean velocity proles. The streamwise variation of centerline velocity show good agreement with the semi-empirical integral model. By verifying the theoretical model, it can be concluded that the jet decay is not aected by the presence of ambient coow. Additionally, the spreading of a synthetic jet would be decreased as the coow velocity increases. Finally, a stronger jet would be responsible for a faster velocity decay and an enhanced spreading for synthetic jet in coow wake.
Transverse growth of the maxilla and mandible in untreated girls with low, average, and high MP-SN angles: a longitudinal study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate maxillary and mandibular transverse growth in untreated female subjects with low, average, and high mandibular plane angles longitudinally from ages 6 to 18. Methods: Eighty-one untreated white girls with low (≤ 27°, n=16), average (> 27° to Results: At age 6, the high-angle group had narrower maxillary and mandibular widths than the low-angle group, and this trend continued until age 18. From ages 6 to 14, maxillary width showed a steady and similar rate of increase for all 3 groups (0.90-0.95 mm per year), yet a plateau was reached at age 14 for all groups. Mandibular width increased at a steady rate (about 1.6 mm/year) for all 3 groups until age 14, and a plateau was reached for the high-angle group. For the low- and average-angle groups, mandibular growth continued from ages 14 to 18 but at a slower rate (0.85 mm and 0.39 mm per year, respectively). Conclusions: Vertical facial patterns (with low or high mandibular plane angles) might play a strong role in the transverse growth of the maxilla and the mandible.
HCV-Associated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne and sexually transmitted single-stranded RNA flavivirus that causes a broad spectrum of liver disease, ranging from acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The worldwide prevalence of HCV positivity is highly variable. Hepatitis C infection is associated with a wide variety of renal diseases but the most common pattern of renal injury is Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (>50% of cases). This chapter reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory manifestations, pathology, and differential diagnosis of HCV-associated cryoglobulinemic. Therapeutic approaches to the management of patients with nephritic, nephritic, and vasculitic manifestations are also briefly considered.
Four Examples of Unimolecular Electrical Rectifiers

Molecular electronics or unimolecular electronics (UE), defined narrowly, is the study of electrical phenomena on a molecular scale, while molecule based electronics, defined more widely, studies the electronic properties of molecules in crystals and polymers.
Putting Environmental Injustice on the Map: Ecotestimonies from the Global South

This introductory essay to STTCL 39.2 discusses the importance of testimony as a flexible literary genre that can tell the stories of environmental injustice in the Global South, which is disproportionately affected by environmental violence and less represented in the growing global environmental movement.
Long Columns: Ultimate Strength Analysis of Restrained Columns

Theoretical analyses are presented for the ultimate strength of long restrained reinforced concrete columns. The analyses are based on the same principles as the analyses of the ultimate strength o...
I.V. minocycline revisited for infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms

Purpose The evidence supporting the potential use of i.v. minocycline for serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is summarized. Summary Minocycline achieves good tissue penetration and excellent oral absorption. Minocycline achieves serum concentrations comparable to other tetracyclines, with peak serum concentrations ranging from 3 to 8.75 mg/L following i.v. administration of 200 mg. Minocycline retains antimicrobial activity against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as well as many gram-negative pathogens, such as Acinetobacter species, Citrobacter species, Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , Serratia marcescens , and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia . Minocycline has been used to treat respiratory infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and bloodstream infections. The majority of these gram-negative infections were treated with combination therapy, with results similar to those seen with first-line agents. The ability to switch from parenteral to oral therapy and its favorable tissue penetration make minocycline an attractive option for severe respiratory or skin and skin structure infections. For A. baumannii infections, minocycline is the second most active agent in vitro and may be the only therapeutic option in certain cases. The overall clinical experience with minocycline supports its use to treat A. baumannii infections alone or in combination with other agents. Minocycline could be used to treat other MDRO gram-negative infections but only as an agent of last resort due to the limited data available. Conclusion The available pharmacokinetic and clinical data support the use of i.v. minocycline for the treatment of MDRO infections, including infections due to S. aureus coagulase-negative and gram-negative pathogens.
Specific release of heterogenetic mononucleosis receptor by influenza viruses, receptor destroying enzyme and plant proteases.

SummaryRelease of heterogenetic infectious mononucleosis receptor from sheep and beef erythrocytes by receptor destroying enzyme, influenza viruses and plant proteases has been described. Numerous other enzymes were inactive. Material released by enzymatic action inhibited specifically infectious mononucleosis antibody and gave color reactions indicating that neuraminic acid or its derivatives are involved.