cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4190: miR-30 as a tumor suppressor connects EGF/Src signal to EMT and ERG.

Src tyrosine kinase (Src) is implicated in the development of bone metastasis and castration-resistance of prostate cancer. Src inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials for such diseases. Understanding the molecular and cellular actions of Src inhibitors holds the key to future improvement of this line of therapy. Here we describe the microRNA expression profiles modulated by two Src inhibitors and demonstrate that the miR-30 family members are the most prominently induced species. Consistent with its tumor suppressor role, miR-30 is downmodulated by oncogenic signals such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and is generally underexpressed in prostate cancer specimens. A number of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes are predicted targets of miR-30. Among these genes the Ets Related Gene (ERG) is the most frequently overexpressed-oncogene in prostate cancer activated by genomic fusion events between promoter upstream sequences of the TMPRSS2 and coding sequences of ERG. We showed by ERG 3’UTR-reporter and mutagenesis assays that ERG is a direct target of miR-30. Overexpression of miR-30 in prostate cancer cells suppresses EMT phenotypes and inhibits cell migration and invasion. It also inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth of VCaP cells, which depends on TMPRSS2-ERG for proliferation. TMPRSS2-ERG is generally regulated by androgen at the transcriptional level. Our finding reveals a new post-transcriptional mechanism of TMPRSS2-ERG regulation by Src and growth signals via miR-30 providing a rationale for targeting ERG positive castration resistant tumors with Src inhibitors. Citation Format: Chiao-Jung Kao, Anthony Martiniez, Xu-Bao Shi, Albert Dobi, Ralph W. deVere White, Hsing-Jien Kung. miR-30 as a tumor suppressor connects EGF/Src signal to EMT and ERG. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4190. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4190
Abstract 2759: Targeting NF2 deficient meningiomas with combinations of small molecule inhibitors and radiation

Meningiomas are common tumors of the central nervous system and are the second most prevalent tumors in Neurofibromatosis type 2 patients. Despite their high frequency, currently there are no chemotherapeutic options for these tumors and treatment is limited to surgery and various forms of radiation therapy either as adjuvant or primary therapy. Some tumors are unresectable due to location and have histhopathologic aggressive features (designated as WHO grade II and III) with higher recurrence rates. When treatment is recommended, these tumors almost uniformly receive some form of radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to find new therapeutic options to couple with radiation, given its common use with non-surgical meningiomas. We are interested in targeting oncogenic pathways in the context of loss of the NF2 gene, which represents the most common genetic alteration in meningiomas, present is 50-70% of sporadic tumors and all of NF2 cases. We used cell-based assays searching for small molecule inhibitors that showed prevalent efficacy against NF2-deficient cells. Cell proliferation and clonogenic assays were employed to investigate the potential synergy effect of drugs and radiation combinations. Three pairs of NF2 isogenic meningioma cells (AC1, SF6717 and KT21MG1) were used to screen libraries of FDA approved compounds. The primary screen was performed using KT21MG1 cells. The top 5% compounds (86 compounds) showing preferential inhibition of NF2-deficient cells were selected for further validation. The secondary screen was used to validate useful targets with AC1 and SF6717 cells. Twelve compounds (∼15%) showed prevalent inhibitory activity on these cells. Small molecules targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) showed preferential synergistic inhibition of NF2 cells with radiation, compared to either radiation or drug treatment alone. Currently, preclinical testing is in progress to investigate the efficacy of these inhibitors in combination with radiation in a meningioma mouse model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2759. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2759
Nanocellulose Life Cycle Assessment

Nanocellulose is a nascent and promising material with many exceptional properties and a broad spectrum of potential applications. Because of the unique and functional materials that can be created using nanocellulose, pilot-scale development for commercialization has begun. Thus a thorough understanding of its environmental impact, covering the whole life cycle of nanocellulose, becomes the foundation for its long-term sustainable success. In this current study, four comparable lab scale nanocellulose fabrication routes were evaluated through a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) adopting the Eco-Indicator 99 method. The results indicated that, for the chemical–mechanical fabrication routes, the majority of the environmental impact of nanocellulose fabrication is dependent upon both the chemical modification and mechanical treatment route chosen. For sonication, the mechanical treatment overshadows that from the chemical modifications. Adapting the best practice based on unit mass production was 2...
The transient plastic phase processing of ceramic-ceramic composites

A recently developed processing technique called transient plastic-phase processing (TPPP) is capable of the in-situ net-shape manufacturing of complexly shaped, fully dense, ultrarefractory composites at much lower (homologous) temperatures than those currently used. The viability of this technique as well as its advantages over the traditional processing routes has been demonstrated for the Ti-B-C and Zr-B-C systems. The resulting composites had higher than 99% density and excellent mechanical properties.
Conversion of 1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene by Rabbits, Rats, and Mice. Significance in Carcinogenesis of this Conversion

SummaryFrom the extracts of excreta of rabbits, rats, and mice injected with 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, substances of a phenolic nature were isolated which are considered to be conversion products of dibenzanthracene. The substance isolated from injected rabbits was non-carcinogenic and gave absorption bands different from those of the substance obtained from injected rats and mice. This fact suggests that different species metabolize dibenzanthracene differently. The absorption bands of unchanged dibenzanthracene were present in the fraction containing neutral compounds of feces of injected rats, mice, and rarely of rabbits.
Considering semiotic ideologies in the design of literacy learning software for multilingual youth and adults in rural South Africa

Recently, interest has grown in understanding how sociocultural processes inform the design and use of learning technologies. In 2006, I managed the design and piloting of a multilingual literacy learning software for youth and adults in rural South Africa. Drawing from observations of and informal interviews with twenty-six learners who piloted the software, I propose that the software provided the learners with opportunities to reassess not only important self-understandings as learners of basic literacy skills, but also speakers of certain languages and in general, certain kinds of people. The findings, analyzed within the framework of semiotic ideology, support a broader proposition that literacy programs, and the technologies used in them, can serve as forcible mediators of people's understandings of what languages, signs and sociocultural identifications are.
Building in Place

From nearly any point on the campus of Emory & Henry College, persons can see the mountains from which the Holston River descends. 1 The Holston’s North Fork flows from the ridges and limestone ledges of Bland County, under the southern lee of Burke’s Garden and Clinch Mountain. The first tentative streams of the Holston’s South Fork surface beneath the rhododendron and hardwoods on high ridges between Washington and Grayson counties, from springs that come from the rocky faces of Whitetop and Mount Rogers, the highest mountains in Virginia, and from the seeps and creeks on the side of Iron Mountain. Emory & Henry is located in the valley of the Holston’s Middle Fork, which rises at the base of Walker Mountain, 35 miles east of the college.
Günter Eich's Botschaften des Regens: An Analysis of the Collection as an Artistic Whole

(1971). Gunter Eich's Botschaften des Regens: An Analysis of the Collection as an Artistic Whole. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 198-209.
Non-coding RNAs: Therapeutic strategies and delivery systems

The vast majority of the human genome is transcribed into RNA molecules that do not code for proteins, which could be small ones approximately 20 nucleotide in length, known as microRNAs, or transcripts longer than 200 bp, defined as long noncoding RNAs. The prevalent deregulation of microRNAs in human cancers prompted immediate interest on the therapeutic value of microRNAs as drugs and drug targets. Many features of microRNAs such as well-defined mechanisms, and straightforward oligonucleotide design further make them attractive candidates for therapeutic development. The intensive efforts of exploring microRNA therapeutics are reflected by the large body of preclinical studies using oligonucleotide-based mimicking and blocking, culminated by the recent entry of microRNA therapeutics in clinical trial for several human diseases including cancer. Meanwhile, microRNA therapeutics faces the challenge of effective and safe delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics into the target site. Various chemical modifications of nucleic acids and delivery systems have been developed to increase targeting specificity and efficacy, and reduce the associated side effects including activation of immune response. Recently, long noncoding RNAs become attractive targets for therapeutic intervention because of their association with complex and delicate phenotypes, and their unconventional pharmaceutical activities such as capacity of increasing output of proteins. Here I discuss the general therapeutic strategies targeting noncoding RNAs, review delivery systems developed to maximize noncoding RNA therapeutic efficacy, and offer perspectives on the future development of noncoding RNA targeting agents for colorectal cancer.
Cold War Population Science and Politics in Asia

This special issue of EASTS makes clear why the management of population is so central to global history and why the sciences of population are so central to projects of population management. Perh...
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Hospital-Associated Pseudomonas putida Isolates.

ABSTRACT We present here the draft genome sequences of four Pseudomonas putida isolates belonging to a single clone suspected for nosocomial transmission between patients and a bronchoscope in a tertiary hospital. The four genome sequences belong to a single lineage but contain differences in their mobile genetic elements.
Designing Lean Processes With Improved Service Quality: An Application in Financial Services

In this study, the authors focus on how service providers can meet rising customer value expectations through service process designs that are not only lean but also with high service quality.
The Stanford V Regimen Is an Effective Treatment for Good Prognosis Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease.

Despite recent therapeutic advances, the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease remains controversial. Among the most commonly used regimens are ABVD, Stanford V and BEACOPP. Studies of Stanford V have shown conflicting outcomes with some excellent and some much less good results. To address this discrepancy we reviewed 113 patients with previously untreated Hodgkin’s disease, all of whom were HIV negative, who received the Stanford V regimen from physicians in the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group between January 1997 and January 2006. The median age was 36 years (range 15–88) with only 10 patients over 60 years of age. Fifty-two (46%) of the total were males. Seventy-eight (68%) had nodular sclerosis, subtype and 69 (61%) were stage I and II. Constitutional symptoms were present in 36 (32%) patients. Tumor bulk > 5cm was evident in 68 (60%). Four or more nodes were involved in 57 (50%) and 84 (78%) received radiotherapy. Median follow up was 63 months (range 8–114). Univariate analysis of the data identified 4 adverse risk factors which included age > 60 years, stages III or IV, constitutional symptoms, and mixed cellularity subtype. Complete remission or unconfirmed complete remission was achieved in 82(72%), 21 (18%) had partial response, 2 had progression of disease (PD) and 3 were unable to be evaluated. There were 5 early deaths; 3 of which were definitely related to the treatment. For the entire group, the 5 year overall survival (OS) was 84% and the 5-year event free survival (EFS) was 74%. However, the results were dependent on the presence or absence of the adverse risk factors of age >60, stage III or IV, non-nodular sclerosis histological subtype, and B symptoms as shown below: The Stanford V regimen represented an excellent treatment for patients with stage IA and IIA nodular sclerosis Hodgkin’s disease under the age of 60 and patients with 1–2 adverse risk factors did only slightly less well. The regimen yielded a much poorer outcome in patients with multiple adverse risk factors.
Branding spaces: Place, region, sustainability and the American craft beer industry

The craft beer industry is of increased interest to academics and geographers are beginning to not only chart a “geography of beer”; but also the local economic development implications of the industry. Indeed, we posit that the growth of the craft beer industry resides at the nexus between nature, place, and identity—or what we consider an applied geography of growth that is necessarily informed by sustainability and the closely allied geographic concepts of human-environment interactions and place. Further, we examine the branding of nature and place as co-determined spatial mechanisms for market differentiation and economic growth including neo-localism. Specifically, we examine real world examples of authentic branding initiatives that extend from dynamic place-based human-environment interactions that promote the overall sustainability of communities and the craft beer industry. In doing so, we propose an economic development framework based in an applied geography organized around the concepts of place, region, and sustainability. The framework can be used in a variety of economic development contexts and across multiple industries.
Testing Regionalism, Transnationalism, and the Construction of Brazil: An Interview with Luiz Ruffato

Luiz Ruffato is one of the most prominent writers in contemporary Brazilian literature. Born in 1961 in Cataguases, Minas Gerais, Ruffato recently gained significant exposure through his opening speech at the Frankfurt International Book Fair in October of 2013, the focus of which was on Brazilian literature.
Towards Approximating the Mean Time to Failure in Vehicular Clouds

In a recent paper, Ghazizadeh et al. have studied vehicular clouds running on top of the vehicles in the parking lot of a major airport. The defining difference between vehicular clouds and their conventional counterparts is the unpredictable availability of computational resources. Indeed, as vehicles enter the parking lot, fresh compute resources become available; when vehicles depart, their compute resources leave with them. In such a volatile environment, the task of promoting reliability becomes quite challenging. To solve the reliability problem, Ghazizadeh et al. suggested employing redundancy-based job assignment strategies. They derived analytical expressions for the mean time to failure of these strategies. Their expressions require full knowledge of the distribution of vehicle residency times and of the time it takes to recruit a vehicle into the vehicular cloud. In a practical context, the datacenter manager does not know these distribution functions. Instead, using accumulated empirical evidence, she may know the first and perhaps the second moment of these random variables. With this in mind, this paper derives easy-to-compute approximations of the mean time to failure of the job assignment strategies proposed by Ghazizadeh et al. . A comprehensive set of simulations have shown that our approximations are very close to the analytical predictions by Ghazizadeh et al. even if the exact distribution functions are not known.
6.3 Diversity of Psychrophilic Bacteria from Sea Ice - and Glacial Ice Communities

Sea Ice Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 Ecological Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 Phylogenetic Diversity of Psychrophilic Sea Ice Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 Discovery of Gas Vacuolate Sea Ice Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 Biogeography of Polar Sea Ice Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 Are Sea Ice Bacteria ‘‘Good’’ Psychrophiles? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 Genomes of Psychrophilic Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
A Family Study of the DSM-5 Section III Personality Pathology Model Using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5)

In Section III of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) proposes a pathological personality trait model of personality disorders. The recommended assessment instrument is the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5), an empirically derived scale that assesses personality pathology along five domains and 25 facets. Although the PID-5 demonstrates strong convergent validity with other personality measures, no study has examined whether it identifies traits that run in families, another important step toward validating the DSM-5's dimensional model. Using a family study method, we investigated familial associations of PID-5 domain and facet scores in 195 families, examining associations between parents and offspring and across siblings. The Psychoticism, Antagonism, and Detachment domains showed significant familial aggregation, as did facets of Negative Affect and Disinhibition. Results are discussed in the context of personality pathology and family study methodology. The results also he...
From Marie de France to J.K. Rowling: The Weasel

When she graduated with nine years of Latin to her credit and French from the cradle courtesy of her French mother, J. K. Rowling was well equipped to do what Marie de France had done more than seven centuries earlier: to delve into the medieval bestiaries (books of beasts, in Latin). But Rowling also knew Marie de France’s Lais with their cadre of birds and beasts. These medieval source materials, one in Latin and the other in Old French, provide the Harry Potter novels with a rich array of characters and thematic development. The remarkable, and remarkably important, Weasley family are a prime example of Rowling’s inventive translatio that stretches all the way from the beginning to the end of the novels, and on into the Epilogue. The weasel is to be found not only between the covers of medieval books of beasts but also in Marie de France’s Eliduc. But the weasel is also alive and well in the UK today, where it remains a very common creature of the countryside and a playful pet for many children. “From Marie de France to J.K. Rowling: the Weasel” explores how skillfully J.K. Rowling combined certain characteristics of the weasel from bestiary sources and other characteristics from Marie de France’s lai to create the Weasley family (as witnessed by their surname), while rejecting other characteristics for specific reasons. Her benign, homey portrayal of the beloved Weasley family has learned beginnings that Marie would have recognized and approved of. Like Marie, she wants us to explore the crucial question of “What’s in a name?”
A comprehensive approach to conservation of ancient graffiti at El Kurru, Sudan

This paper describes conservation and preservation of ancient Meroitic graffiti in a rock-cut temple at the site of El Kurru in Sudan. The temple and its graffiti provide important material evidenc...
MANUFACTURING COMPLEX SILICA AEROGEL TARGET COMPONENTS

Aerogel is a material used in numerous components for inertial confinement fusion and high-energy density physics targets. In the past, these components were molded into the proper shapes. Artifacts left in the parts from the molding process, contour irregularities from shrinkage, and density gradients caused by the skin have caused Los Alamos National Laboratory to pursue machining as a way to make the components. The machining of aerogel is an involved process, and many manufacturing aspects need to be considered including holding the material for machining, achieving the desired surface roughness and the desired dimensional accuracy, conceivably producing a part with enhanced dimensional tolerance and minimal density variations. Therefore, an effort has been established to develop a method to more accurately determine density errors, perform machining experiments, acquire physical property data, and model the machining process.
Automating Problem Reformulation

Research in the fields of problem solving, expert systems, and machine learning has been converging on the issue of problem representation. A system’s ability to solve problems, answer questions, and acquire knowledge has traditionally been bounded by its initial problem representation. One solution to this dilemma is to develop systems which can automatically alter their problem representation. This research deals with automatically shifting from one problem representation to another representation which is more efficient, with respect to a given problem solving method and a given problem class. The basic model of Sojourner is to derive shifts of representation from an analysis of the state space representation for a single training instance from a given problem class. These new representations are then used on subsequent problems in the same problem class. In this paper a brief overview is given of two types of representational shifts: deriving problem reductions and deriving iterative macro-operators.
An Analysis of Random Design Linear Regression

The random design setting for linear regression concerns estimators based on a random sample of covariate/response pairs. This work gives explicit bounds on the prediction error for the ordinary least squares estimator and the ridge regression estimator under mild assumptions on the covariate/response distributions. In particular, this work provides sharp results on the “out-of-sample” prediction error, as opposed to the “in-sample” (fixed design) error. Our analysis also explicitly reveals the effect of noise vs. modeling errors. The approach reveals a close connection to the more traditional fixed design setting, and our methods make use of recent advances in concentration inequalities (for vectors and matrices). We also describe an application of our results to fast least squares computations.
Intraurban Population Estimation Using Remotely Sensed Imagery

Of the Earth’s 6.5 billion human inhabitants, nearly three billion live in urban settlements (UNCHS, 2001). Natural increase, land tenure practices, political policy, environmental degradation, and the dynamics of regional / global economics are largely responsible for the ongoing population shift from rural agrarian regions to cities. This increased urbanization is not just a developing country phenomenon. Urban areas of North America in 1900 were home to only 50% of the continent’s population. In 2000, the percentage of North American urban inhabitants rose to 75%.
New anti-windup structure for magnitude and rate limited inputs and peak-bounded disturbances

A new structure for the anti-windup (AW) compensation for rate limited actuation is proposed which is less conservative than structures currently used. For peak bounded disturbances or reference inputs, we develop AW augmentation loops for both magnitude and rate actuator saturation. To reduce conservatism further, the proposed technique is combined with a multi-stage AW loops to obtain different gains for different levels of saturation.
Outcome of pts with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with abnormal pulmonary radiologic findings.

e18013 Background: Pulmonary Infiltrates could be the result of leukemic infiltration of lungs in AML. It should be considered as one of the causes of noninfectious lung infiltration, which may lea...
Fentanyl and fentanyl-analog involvement in drug-related deaths.

Abstract Background To describe and analyze the involvement of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (FAs) in drug-related deaths in West Virginia (WV), United States. Methods Retrospective analyses of all WV drug-related deaths from 2005 to 2017 were performed, including comparisons of demographic and toxicological characteristics among total deaths, deaths in which fentanyl/FAs were present, deaths in which they were absent, heroin-related deaths, and prescription opioid-related deaths. Results Most of the 8813 drug-related deaths were overdoses, with about 11% resulting from transportation/other injuries in which drugs were contributors. Prescription opioid presence (without fentanyl) decreased by 75% from 2005–14 to 2015–17 (3545 deaths to 859 deaths, respectively), while fentanyl involvement in the deaths increased by 122% between these periods (487 to 1082 deaths). Ten FAs were identified (427 instances) after 2015. Alprazolam and ethanol were among the top five most frequently identified substances across years. Fentanyl, heroin and cocaine replaced oxycodone, diazepam and hydrocodone in the top five beginning in 2015. Few decedents had a prescription for fentanyl after 2015, with fewer prescriptions also present for other controlled substances identified. Conclusions Fentanyl, rapidly emerging FAs, and other illicit drugs in recent years pose a serious health threat even though prescription opioid-related deaths decreased over the same time period.
Practicable Cascading Failure Process Prediction Analysis Scheme and System Development Based on Multiple Information Sources

Power grids in China are in the stage of rapid development of UHV AC and DC. Cascading failures with timing and propagation characteristics become the main threat to power grid security. Based on the EMS and WAMS information and according to the principle of practicality, a practicable scheme for cascading failure prediction and analysis is proposed. And the related analysis system has been developed. In line with the timing development characteristics of cascading failures, the overall system layered architecture and key technologies are proposed. The access relationship of the main sub-function modules of the system is explained. Firstly, the EMS and WAMS multiple source data integration technologies are described. Furthermore, comprehensively considering the variation of power grid structure and state changes, the vulnerability component set identification is realized. Thirdly, on the basis of the set of vulnerability elements, the full dynamic process simulation program is used to select and check progressive cascading fault sets automatically, which can consider the effects of relay protection and security control equipment. Finally, in view of the possible serious faults, aiming at the weak section in the fault propagation path, the corresponding power flow auxiliary adjustment strategy is presented.
The Intracranial and Intracanalicular Optic Nerve as Seen Through Different Surgical Windows: Endoscopic Versus Transcranial

Background Surgically manageable lesions involving the intracranial or intracanalicular portions of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) can be approached through several different operative windows. Given the complex anatomy of the optic nerve and its surrounding neurovascular structures, it is essential to understand the conventional and topographic anatomy of the optic nerve from different surgical perspectives as well as its relationship with surrounding structures. We describe the intracranial and intracanalicular course of the optic nerve and present an analytical evaluation of the degree of exposure provided by several different transcranial and endoscopic surgical approaches. Methods Using 12 cadaveric specimens (24 sides), pterional, frontotemporal-orbital, supraorbital, unilateral subfrontal, and extended endonasal approaches were performed. The transcranial approaches were extended by removing the anterior clinoid process, unroofing the optic canal, and/or cutting the falciform ligament. The endonasal approach was extended using the transplanum transtuberculum, transmedial optic carotid recess, and transcanalicular modifications. The optic nerve was divided into proximal intracranial, distal intracranial, and intracanalicular segments, which were each divided coronally into quadrants and subquadrants, to evaluate their degree of exposure in each approach. Results The pterional approach provided 135° of exposure along the superolateral aspects of the entire intracranial optic nerve, and 225° of exposure of the intracanalicular optic nerve. The supraorbital and subfrontal approaches provided similar degrees of exposure, with 225°–270° of superolateral and superomedial exposure of the nerve along its intracranial and intracanalicular segments, depending on the approach extension used, with the subfrontal approach allowing for more medial control of the nerve. The endoscopic endonasal approach provided access to the inferior and medial quadrants of the optic nerve, allowing for 180° of exposure. Conclusions Although the pterional approach provides the widest degree of surgical exposure of all optic nerve segments, the inferior and medial quadrants of the nerve can be adequately exposed only through an endoscopic endonasal approach. Optimal approach selection based on the intended target quadrant is essential for safe surgical exposure of the optic nerve.
Computational chemistry methods to investigate the effects caused by DNA variants linked with disease

Computational chemistry offers variety of tools to study properties of biological macromolecules. These tools vary in terms of levels of details from quantum mechanical treatment to numerous macros...
Retinal morphology in Astyanax mexicanus during eye degeneration

The teleost Astyanax mexicanus is one species extant in two readily available forms. One that lives in Mexican rivers and various convergent forms that live in nearby caves. These fish are born with eyes but in the cavefish, they degenerate during development. It is known that the lens of cavefish undergoes apoptosis and that some cells in the neuroretina also die. It has not been described, however, if glia and various components of the neuroretina form before complete eye degeneration. Here we examined the development of the retina of the closest living ancestor that lives in the rivers and two independently adapted of cavefish. We report that although the neuroretina is smaller and more compact, it has all cell types and layers including amacrine cells and Muller glia. While various makers for photoreceptors are present in the cavefish inner segments, the outer segments of the photoreceptors in cavefish are missing from the earliest stages examined. This shows that the machinery for visual transducing discs might still be present but not organized in one part of the cell. It is interesting to note that the deficiencies in Astyanax cavefish resemble retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa.
Multi-phase homework assignments in CS I and CS II

All of the panelists have used small sets of related programming assignments in introductory CS courses. These assignments are essentially larger programs which are developed during several separate phases. This approach has several advantages: • Students are able to develop more realistic and interesting programs. • Students are motivated to write better code as well as documentation. Those who don't are quickly confronted by the implications. • Student interest in completing the projects is better sustained, since there is continuity from one project to the next. • It models desirable techniques such as iterative development and encapsulation. • It demonstrates some of the challenges inherent in modifying and maintaining code in response to evolving requirements. • Anecdotally, it seems that more students successfully complete the resulting program than when treating it as one large assignment. There are also some disadvantages: • The penalty for not completing a multi-phase assignment is generally harsher. • Projects may not exercise the student's problem-solving skills as well as assigning several unrelated projects, each of which must be solved ground-up.Each panelist will enumerate their own specific reasons for using this approach, discuss specific assignments as examples, and describe the advantages and disadvantages they have experienced. We will leave sufficient time afterwards for discussion of this strategy.
Powell, Ted King Edward VIII: An American Life: Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press 336 pp., $34.95, ISBN 978-0-19-879532-2 Publication Date: November 2018

In January of 2020, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Harry and Meghan, decided to no longer take public funds for royal duties. The couple will no longer use their HRH titles or formally represent t...
Model-Free Variable Selection with Matrix-Valued Predictors

We introduce a novel framework for model-free variable selection with matrix-valued predictors. To test the importance of rows, columns, and submatrices of the predictor matrix in terms of predicti...
Factors predictive of sexual violence: Testing the four pillars of the Confluence Model in a large diverse sample of college men

This article focuses on the characteristics of sexually violent men who have not been convicted of a crime. The objective of this study was to test the four key interrelated pillars of the Confluence Model. The first key pillar posits the interaction of Hostile Masculinity and Impersonal Sex as core risk predictors. The second pillar entails a "mediated structure" wherein the impact of more general risk factors is mediated via those specific to aggression against women. The third pillar comprises a single latent factor underlying various types of sexual violence. The fourth pillar expands the core model by including the secondary risk factors of lower empathy, peer support, extreme pornography use, and participation in alcohol parties. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,148 male students from 13 U.S. colleges and universities completed a comprehensive survey that assessed the hypothesized risk factors and self-reported sexual violence, which included noncontact sexual offenses, contact sexual coercion, and contact sexual aggression. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted before testing structural equation models. The results supported the integration of the four pillars within a single expanded empirical model that accounted for 49% of the variance of sexual violence. This study yielded data supporting all four key pillars. These findings provide information about non-redudant risk factors that can be used to develop screening tools, group-based and individually tailored psychoeducational and treatment interventions.
Can Belief in One’s Capabilities, Ultimately, Promote Career Success?

This research examines the relationship between self-efficacy, embeddedness in terms of fit with an organization’s aims and required skills, linkages to others in the firm, feelings of affinity for the community (or the sense of sacrifice that might accompany leaving it) and both objective and subjective elements of career success. This research enhances organizational research by demonstrating the mediating effect of embeddedness on the self-efficacy and career success relationship. This research uses data from a convenience sample of 303 working adults to test its hypotheses. The findings indicated that embeddedness differentially mediated the self-efficacy – career success relationship. This research takes the information and discusses its implications for practice and theory, its relevant strengths, weaknesses and future research directions.
Phenomenal intentionality, inner awareness, and the given

Responding to the myth of a purely sensuous “given”, we turn to phenomenology, to the structure of consciousness in an everyday perception of an everyday object. We first consider Brentano’s model of an act of consciousness: featuring the presentation of an object “intentionally” contained “in” the act, joined by the presentation of that object-presentation in “inner consciousness”. We then dig into Husserl’s intricate “semantic” theory of intentionality: featuring “noematic” meaning within a “horizon” of implicated meaning regarding the object of perceptual consciousness. Brentanian inner consciousness morphs into “inner time consciousness” for Husserl, where noematic sense (Sinn) shapes more basic sensory elements of temporal experience. Drawing on these Brentanian and Husserlian analyses, we develop an enhanced account of how an object is “given” in perceptual acquaintance or “intuition”: by virtue of a structure of meaning entertained in the experience. This account we develop further in a “modal” model of the structure of consciousness in everyday perception: distinguishing fundamental factors of phenomenal intentional experience, including inner awareness, phenomenality, and spatiotemporal awareness. Within this model, we specify how the external object of perception is “constituted” in consciousness by virtue of ideal meaning, all within the real world wherein an intentional relation of acquaintance links the perceptual experience with its object. What is “given” in a familiar type of perceptual acquaintance turns out to be quite complex, embracing: the object perceived, the visual experience, its subject, the spatiotemporal context including consciousness and object, and the manifold of meaning shaping the “constitution” of the given object. Where we refer to historical figures, including Husserl, the aim is theoretical rather than exegetical, seeking to develop a contemporary theory of “the given” with roots in classical philosophical views. The resulting theory develops in a series of explorations of increasing complexity in the phenomenology and attendant ontology of “the given”.
The Boundaries of Human Rights: The Problems with a Human Right to Political Membership

In the Origins of Totalitarianism, Hannah Arendt pointed out what she called the "paradox of human rights" which became apparent in the interwar period when millions of refugees lost their citizenship and, at the same time, found themselves in a condition of rightlessness. This was paradoxical because human rights were supposed to be those rights that we have independent of our political status. Moreover, the authority of the national state, since the French Revolution, was based on the idea that it was the embodiment of the 'Rights of Man'. But since the national state was responsible for protecting the rights of its citizens, the only people who could expect to enjoy the benefits of human rights were those that were solidly incorporated into a national state. As soon as one found oneself without nationality - a human being as such - one found oneself in the condition of rightlessness. The paradox is therefore that human rights authorize national rights which cancel out human rights.Interestingly, a similar paradox has been raised within democratic theory. As Frederick Whalen and others have pointed out, the problem of determining the boundaries of the democratic state raises a paradox as well - we cannot determine who participates in political decisions using democratic means. Democratic theorists tend to believe that political communities should be constituted in a manner consistent with democratic principles but it turns out that there must be a preexisting political community before a democratic decision can be made.In this paper, I will argue that Arendt's paradox of human rights is related to the boundary paradox in that both arise when the principle of justification of political authority is the same principle that determines the boundaries of the community. In both cases, expulsion from the community denies all the benefits conferred by the community. Whelan argued that the boundary paradox shows that we cannot see democracy as the sole foundation of legitimate government and that we need to moderate some of the claims that are made in its name. Like the idea of democracy, respect for human rights have been presented by contemporary human rights theorists such as John Rawls as basis upon which states may claim the right of non-intervention. In effect, Rawls and other liberals such as Joshua Cohen and Charles Beitz base legitimate political power in the international system on the respect for human rights. By connecting the debate around the boundary paradox in democratic theory to Arendt's thoughts on the paradox of human rights, I will argue that we need to moderate our expectations of human rights as well and recognise that while they may serve to protect individuals, they cannot serve as a philosophical justification for political authority.
Combined effect of polarization diversity and mutual coupling on MIMO capacity

This paper examines the combined effect of varying antenna polarization and mutual coupling in a generic non line of sight (NLOS) environment on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system's performance. Simulations at various inter-element spacing and antenna polarization are conducted in an obstructed street alley environment. This introduces variations in pattern diversity that can potentially benefit channel performance. Our goal is to finally relate this study to the design of antenna arrays for practical mobile terminals.
Rapid development and infusion: program architectures and processes supporting faster, better, cheaper technology development

As we move into the next millennium, space exploration will take on a far more aggressive approach, characterized by more invasive, more diverse, and more technically challenging missions operating in a more difficult budget environment. NASA, reflecting the environment of the highly competitive global market, must continue to deliver higher quality and higher value products. There is no turning back on the new NASA model-Faster, Better, Cheaper. But while missions appear to be moving aggressively toward adoption of the FBC model, there is little clear evidence that processes and structures governing technology development have changed to support either FBC development or the infusion of these products into accelerated mission schedules. NASA's Cross Enterprise Technology Development Program (CETDP) has evolved over the last several years in order to address this new model. The CETDP is described in terms of how the new architecture, management structure, and processes governing the program support both accelerated development and accelerated infusion, while maintaining program aggressiveness and quality. Specific examples will focus on opportunities available to teams of university, industry, other government agencies, and/or NASA Centers as the Program continues to evolve.
Cyclic regulation of transcription factor C/EBPβ in human endometrium

Background The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta is a critical mediator of murine endometrial function during embryo implantation. Our objective is to characterize changes in C/EBP beta mRNA abundance and protein localization over the normal human menstrual cycle.
Interfacing a Diamond Anvil Cell with a Commercial Interferometer

The versatility of the diamond anvil cell (DAC) in combination with optical and vibrational spectroscopy has been demonstrated, both as a microanalytical tool and as a pressure cell. Owing to the small aperture in the DAC, it becomes necessary to condense the source beam for infrared studies. In the case of dispersive instruments a 4 to 6X beam condensation process has been used. In the case of interferometric measurements, a light-pipe has proven successful. In addition, a Perkin-Elmer 4X beam has been coupled with the Digilab model 14 and the Bruker IFS 114c.
Effect of Fertilization and Age of Hen on the Cholesterol Content of Chicken Egg Yolk

Abstract The cholesterol content of infertile and fertile eggs from White Leghorn hens was compared. In Trials 1 and 2, infertile eggs were collected, a male was introduced, and fertile eggs then collected from the same hens. In Trial 3, two pens of hens were trapnested. The first pen contained hens only, and the second pen contained hens plus a male. After the desired number of eggs were collected from each hen, the male was moved to the other pen. Twenty-one days were allowed to elapse and eggs were again collected. In Trial 1, there were no statistically significant differences between fertile and infertile eggs in wet yolk weight, dry yolk weight, mg. cholesterol per g. dry yolk, or total yolk cholesterol. In Trial 2, fertile eggs were significantly higher than the infertile eggs in dry yolk weight (P
A Molecular Rhythm Mediating Circadian Clock Output in Drosophila

Analysis of the Drosophila lark gene indicates that it encodes an RNA-binding protein that functions as a regulatory element of the circadian clock output pathway controlling adult eclosion. We now demonstrate that the lark RNA-binding protein oscillates in abundance during the circadian cycle; importantly, the phasing of the lark rhythm is consistent with gene-dosage studies, which indicate that the protein behaves as a repressor molecule. The lark protein rhythm persists in constant conditions (continuous darkness and constant temperature) and is eliminated by period gene null mutations, confirming that it is under clock control and suggesting that it acts as an output mechanism that mediates the temporal regulation of adult eclosion. We also show that lark protein oscillates in abundance within a defined group of neuropeptide (CCAP) -containing neurons of the ventral nervous system (VNS), which in other insects are thought to comprise cellular elements of the clock output pathway regulating eclosion.
Signaling by extracellular nucleotides in anterior pituitary cells.

Abstract Pituitary cells secrete ATP, which acts as an autocrine and/or paracrine extracellular messenger on two families of purinergic receptors: G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors (P2YRs) and ion-conducting P2X receptors (P2XRs). Lactotrophs and GH 3 -immortalized cells express the P2Y 2 R subtype. Several P2XR subtypes are expressed in pituitary cells. Gonadotrophs and somatotrophs express P2X 2a R and P2X 2b R, which occur as heteromeric channels. Lactotrophs and GH 3 cells express one or more ion-conducting subtypes from among P2X 3 R, P2X 4 R and P2X 7 R in homomeric form. Thyrotrophs and corticotrophs also express P2XRs, but their identification requires further study. Pituitary cells express purinergic P1 receptors, which are activated by adenosine. The A 1 R subtype of these receptors is expressed in melanotrophs and GH 3 cells. In this review, we briefly discuss the expression and coupling of A 1 R and P2Y 2 R, and focus on the expression and Ca 2+ signaling of P2XRs.