cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nail Gun Injuries Among Construction Workers

Pneumatic nail guns greatly increase worker productivity and are extensively used in wood frame building construction, with especially high use in residential construction. One surveillance report of nail gun injuries in Washington State has been published; however, other literature consists largely of case reports and case series in trauma journals. The major objective of the current study was to investigate the occurrence of nail gun-associated injuries among construction workers and to identify preventable work-related factors associated with these injuries. Nail gun-related injuries occurring among a cohort of 13,347 carpenters in Ohio who worked union hours during the time period January 1, 1994, until September 30, 1997, were identified by matching the cohort with workers' compensation claims made to the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation. We also analyzed workers' compensation claims for North Carolina Home Builders Association members for the period July 1996-November 1999 to identify nail gun-related injuries. Analyses included stratified analyses of claims by nature and body part injured, calculation of nail gun injury rates, and analyses of free text descriptions of injuries. Overall, nail gun injuries were responsible for 3.9 percent of workers' compensation claims with 8.3 percent to 25.5 percent of claims involving paid lost work time. The overall rate of nail gun injuries (cases per 200,000 work hours) was 0.33 in North Carolina and 0.26 in Ohio, reflecting the greater concentration of wood frame construction workers in the North Carolina population studied. Higher rates of injury were observed for carpenters in North Carolina and among residential carpenters in Ohio. The predominant body part injured was the hands/fingers, with 80 to 89 percent of injuries being nail punctures. Analyses of free text information for puncture injuries found approximately 70 percent of injuries to occur during the framing/sheathing stage of construction. Our data suggest that approximately 69 percent of puncture injuries may be due to an inadvertent gun discharge or misfire, preventable in large part by the use of sequential triggers. Worker training and education also are important components of nail gun injury prevention.
Dopamine-cell depolarization block as a model for the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs

Antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia have in common the property of being dopamine-receptor antagonists. However, the rapid timecourse of receptor blockade produced upon drug administration does not correlate with the emergence of clinical actions, which typically require weeks of treatment to become manifest. Studies in rats have shown that repeated antipsychotic drug treatment results in a delayed inactivation of dopamine-neuron firing in the midbrain due to depolarization block. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs in humans correlates with their ability to induce depolarization block of mesolimbic dopamine neurons, whereas their potential to produce extrapyramidal side effects correlates with their propensity for inducing depolarization block in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Therefore, dopamine-cell depolarization block is an effective model for evaluating antipsychotic drug efficacy, and provides a potential mechanism to account for their therapeutic impact on a dysregulated dopamine system.
Cardiac troponin I in racing standardbreds.

Background Upper reference limits for cTnI have not been established for healthy Standardbred racehorses. Objectives To establish cTnI upper reference limits for Standardbred racehorses and determine if increases in plasma cTnI concentration can be detected in 1–2 hours after a race. Animals Samples were obtained from 586 apparently healthy Standardbreds aged 2–14 years before racing and from the winners of 144 races 1–2 hours after the end of the race. Methods Prospective, observational study; convenience sampling; assay validation; and reference limits determinations were performed according to ASCVP guidelines. Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations before racing were determined, potential outliers identified, and the 95th and 99th percentile upper reference limits calculated using nonparametric methods. The correlation between cTnI concentration and age, differences in median cTnI concentrations by subgroups and differences between cTnI concentrations before and after racing in winning horses were determined. Results The 95th and 99th percentile upper reference limits for all horses excluding outliers were < 0.04ng/mL and 0.06 ng/mL. There were no significant differences in cTnI concentrations based on age (P = .06), sex (P = .35), gait (P = .55), or race classification (P = .65) and a weak correlation of cTnI with age (ρ = 0.09, P = .03). There were no significant differences between cTnI concentrations before and after racing in winning horses (P = .70). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Because of lack of standardization across cTnI assays, the reference limits apply only to the Stratus CS immunoassay. Future studies looking at the effects of high intensity, short duration exercise on cTnI should consider sampling more than 2 hours after racing or using an ultrasensitive assay.
Cross-correlation algorithm for calculation of peptide molecular weight from tandem mass spectra.

We have developed an approach to identify the molecular weight of a peptide ion directly from its corresponding tandem mass spectrum using a cross-correlation function. We have shown that the monoisotopic molecular weight can be calculated for ∼90% of tandem mass spectra identified from tryptic digests of complex protein mixtures. The accuracy of the calculated monoisotopic masses was dependent on the resolution and mass accuracy of the spectra analyzed, but was typically <0.25 amu for linear ion trap mass spectra. The ability to calculate accurate monoisotopic molecular weights for low-resolution ion trap data should significantly improve both the speed and performance of database searches for which typical mass accuracies of ∼3 amu are employed. In addition, this strategy can also be used to identify the precursor ion for tandem mass spectra acquired using large ion selection windows in data-independent collision-activated dissociation and has the potential to identify multiplexed tandem mass spectra.
Intestinal inflammation and stem cell homeostasis in aging Drosophila melanogaster

As a barrier epithelium, the intestinal epithelium has to coordinate physiological functions like digestion and nutrient resorption with the control of commensal bacteria and the prevention of pathogenic infections. It can therefore mount powerful innate immune and inflammatory responses, while, at the same time, maintaining tissue homeostasis through regenerative processes. How these different functions are coordinated remains unclear, and further insight is required to understand the age-related loss of homeostasis in this system, as well as the etiology of inflammatory and proliferative diseases of the gut. Recent work in Drosophila melanogaster has provided important new insight into the regulation of regenerative activity, innate immune homeostasis, commensal control, as well as age-related dysfunction in the intestine. Interestingly, many of the identified processes and mechanisms mirror similar homeostatic processes in the vertebrate intestine. This review summarized the current understanding of how innate immune responses, changes in commensal bacteria, and other challenges influence regenerative activity in the aging intestinal epithelium of flies and draws parallels to similar processes in mammals.
‘Rewarding Impatience’ Revisited: A Response to Goodrich

In â€œRewarding Impatience: A Bargaining and Enforcement Model of OPECâ€ (International Organization, Spring 2004) I presented a theoretical model that suggested that in strategic situations where a bargaining phase is followed by an enforcement phase that resembles a prisoners' dilemma, impatient actors earned better outcomes than their more patient rivals. I also modeled the division of cartel profits in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), particularly with regard to the relationship between bargaining strength and disparate time horizons, and found that there is some threshold level for which states that discount the future more heavily tend to receive better production offers than those that do not. The critique presented in Goodrich deals with the final section of the article, which presents the results of statistical analysis testing the implications of these theoretical models.I am grateful to Jeff Lewis, Drew Linzer, and Ken Schultz for suggestions and advice. Many thanks to Thomas PlA¼mper for sharing the computer code for his procedure to analyze fixed effects with time-invariant covariates in Stata. The usual disclaimers apply.
The numerical behavior of high-order finite difference methods

We investigate the numerical behavior of a fourth-order accurate method. The results are compared with those of a second-order method. We have verified the rate of convergence for the numerical solution. As test cases the simple hyperbolic model equationu 1+u x =0 and the two-dimensional Euler equations over backward-facing step have been used. The fourth-order method has been implemented on a dataparallel computer, and the difference operators have been designed to minimize the bandwidth. We also derive boundary modified, semidefinite artificial viscosity operators of arbitrary order of accuracy. The viscosity operators are presented in a form that is particularly well-suited for the implementation on dataparallel computers.
A reciprocal theorem in the linearized theory of couple-stresses

Within the framework of the linearized theory of couple-stresses for perfectly elastic, non-homogeneous, anisotropic materials, a general reciprocal theorem is derived and applied in the proof of other general theorems in both elastostatics and elastodynamics. In particular, a general work theorem is derived; for small periodic vibrations it is shown that the normal mode functions are orthogonal; and these results are combined to prove that if the strain energy function is positive definite, then the normal mode frequencies are real and non-vanishing. In addition,Castigliano's theorem and several other theorems that are common to structural analysis are shown to follow in a rigorous and natural way from the theory of couple-stresses.
An automated indexing system utilizing semantic net expansion

Automated subject indexing and the coordination of indexing with natural language search interfaces could provide solutions to some of the information retrieval problems facing the medical field today. This paper describes the construction of such an interface using semantic net expansion and a clinical neuroscience thesaurus, which provided a specialized vocabulary for use in both automated indexing of MEDLINE articles and an "intelligent" front-end for database searching. Though reviewed by a domain expert, the thesaurus was successfully built by nonexperts utilizing a set of rules. We report on testing thesaurus content and semantic net accuracy using a database of selected MEDLINE article abstracts.
APTE: automated pointcut testing for AspectJ programs

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) has been proposed as a methodology that provides new modularization of software systems by allowing encapsulation of cross-cutting concerns. AspectJ, an aspect-oriented programming language, provides two major constructs: advice and pointcuts. The scope of pointcuts spans across various objects instantiated from the classes. With the increase in the number of objects, classes, and integration of source code, it is likely that a developer writes a pointcut that does not serve its intended purpose. Therefore, there is a need to test pointcuts for validating the correctness of their expressions.In this paper, we propose APTE, an automated framework that tests pointcuts in AspectJ programs with the help of AJTE, an existing unit-testing framework without weaving. Our new APTE framework identifies joinpoints that satisfy a pointcut expression and a set of boundary joinpoints, which are events that do not satisfy a pointcut expression but are close to the matched joinpoints. The boundary joinpoints are identified as those unmatched join-point candidates whose distance from the matched joinpoints are less than a predefined threshold value. A developer could inspect these matched joinpoints and boundary joinpoints for correctness of the pointcuts.
Fasting-associated changes in serum thyrotropin in the rat are influenced by gender.

Studies in the male rat have demonstrated that fasting is associated with a decrease in serum TSH concentrations. The present studies were performed to determine if gender influenced the serum TSH changes associated with fasting. In 8 of 10 experiments in male rats, serum TSH concentrations were significantly reduced in fasted compared to fed groups. In contrast, in none of the 9 experiments in female rats were serum TSH concentrations significantly reduced in the fasted groups. When all experiments were pooled, the decrease in the serum TSH concentration in the fasted rats compared to that in the fed rats was 55 ± 4% (mean ± SE) in males and 10 ± 1% in females (P < 0.001). In female rats ovariectomy did not result in a pattern in which fasting was associated with a decrease in serum TSH concentrations. Testosterone (T) was administered to male rats during fasting, but this treatment did not prevent the fasting-induced decrease in serum TSH concentrations. In gonadectomized male rats serum TSH concentrati...
Compensation for spin-lock artifacts using an off-resonance rotary echo in T1ρoff-weighted imaging

The origin of image artifacts in an off-resonance spin-locking experiment is shown to be imperfections in the excitation flip angle. A pulse sequence for off-resonance spin locking is implemented that compensates for imperfections in the excitation flip angle through an off-resonance rotary echo. The off-resonance rotary echo alternates the frequency offset and phase of the RF transmitter during two spin-locking pulses of equal duration. The underlying theory is detailed, and MR images demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in agarose gel phantoms and in in vivo human brain at 3T.
Chapter 34 Geology and petroleum potential of the rifted margins of the Canada Basin

Abstract Three sides of the Canada Basin are bordered by high-standing, conjugate rift shoulders of the Chukchi Borderland, Alaska and Canada. The Alaska and Canada margins are mantled with thick, growth-faulted sediment prisms, and the Chukchi Borderland contains only a thin veneer of sediment. The rift-margin strata of Alaska and Canada reflect the tectonics and sediment dispersal systems of adjacent continental regions whereas the Chukchi Borderland was tectonically isolated from these sediment dispersal systems. Along the eastern Alaska–southern Canada margin, termed herein the ‘Canning–Mackenzie deformed margin’, the rifted margin is deformed by ongoing Brooks Range tectonism. Additional contractional structures occur in a gravity fold belt that may be present along the entire Alaska and Canada margins of the Canada Basin. Source-rock data inboard of the rift shoulders and regional palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source-rock intervals: Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian–Albian), Upper Cretaceous (mostly Turonian) and Lower Palaeogene. Burial history modelling indicates favourable timing for generation from all three intervals beneath the Alaska and Canada passive margins, and an active petroleum system has been documented in the Canning–Mackenzie deformed margin. Assessment of undiscovered petroleum resources indicates the greatest potential in the Canning–Mackenzie deformed margin and significant potential in the Canada and Alaska passive margins.
Cytological Analysis of Peritoneal Washings: Now Part of the Standard Preoperative Staging Evaluation for Patients With Resectable Gastric Cancer?

The optimal treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma continues to be a challenging clinical problem. Resection alone is associated with a high rate of relapse and a 10-year survival rate ranging between 3% and 42%, depending on stage. 1 As a result of the generally poor outcomes after operative therapy, several authors have focused their efforts on more accurate preoperative staging and on the identification of preoperatively recognizable factors that may predict either better or worse survival. The goal of these studies is to select the most appropriate therapy for patients with gastric cancer according to their stage of disease and relative risk of death from malignancy. Consequently, for patients expected to have a poorer prognosis after curative resection alone, gastrectomy with aggressive multimodal therapies combining neoadjuvant or adjuvant strategies may offer better outcomes. For patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy protocols, an additional advantage is gained in which resection may be used selectively for patients most likely to benefit from an operation, while laparotomy is avoided in patients who exhibit progressive disease due to a more biologically aggressive cancer. In this issue of Annals of Surgical Oncology, Bentrem et al. 2 evaluate the utility of cytological analysis of peritoneal washings as a means of preoperatively identifying patients with gastric carcinoma who are at high risk for recurrent disease and decreased survival, even after curative resection. Using a prospectively maintained database, the authors analyzed factors predictive of outcome in 371 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and peritoneal lavage cytology before R0 resection. Twenty-four patients (6.5%) were identified as having positive peritoneal cytology (3 [2%] of 152 with stage I disease, 6 [7%] of 90 with
Resisting the protectionist temptation: industry and the making of trade policy in France and the United States during the 1970s

Why were advanced industrial states able to keep their economies relatively open to foreign trade in the 1970s and the early 1980s, despite declining U.S. hegemony and increasing economic difficulties? This article argues that an international-level change affected domestic trade politics and contributed to the maintenance of a liberal trading system. Examining the United States and France, the argument proceeds in two steps, showing first how domestic trade politics were changed and second how this change affected the policy process. Initially, I argue that aspects of the increased international economic interdependence of the postwar period altered domestic trade politics by creating new, anti-protectionist preferences among certain firms. Firms with extensive international ties through exports, multinational production, and global intra-firm trade have come to oppose protectionism, since it is very costly for them. Evidence for these new preferences was apparent among both American and French industries. Despite different contexts, firms in the two countries reacted similarly to the growth of interdependence. Next, I ask whether firms' preferences affected trade policy outcomes and show how these preferences were integrated into the policy process in both countries. Trade policy structures in neither country prevented firms' preferences from affecting the policies adopted. Even in France, a so-called “strong” state, firms' preferences were a key influence on policy. In the trade policy area then, the French and American states did not appear to differ greatly in their susceptibility to industry influence, even though their policy processes were different.
Coping with rapid information technology change in different national cultures

AbstractCoping with rapid information technology change challenges IT organizations throughout the world. National culture theory based on the GLOBE study suggests that culture affects the coping with such change in China and the United States, but does not cogently suggest that coping mechanisms differ in effectiveness across the two cultures. Analysis of data from 71 IT executives and managers in China and 246 in the United States suggests that Chinese IT organizations employ coping mechanisms of vendor support, education and training, and internal procedures more extensively than do U.S. IT organizations. IT organizations in both countries apply education and training as well as internal procedures to successfully deal with the problems of rapid IT change. Vendor support additionally predicted success in Chinese but not U.S. organizations, whereas in both U.S. and Chinese organizations endurance predicted lack of success. The research thus extends national culture theory by proposing that culture affec...
Systolic blood pressure is the main etiology for poorly controlled hypertension.

Abstract Background Isolated systolic hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of and to evaluate the effectiveness of currently available medications in the treatment of uncontrolled isolated systolic hypertension. Methods We randomly selected a total of 585 patients with hypertension from our database. The two most recent blood pressure (BP) readings and other data were obtained by chart review. Results Of 585 patients, 340 (58%) had controlled BP. Of 245 patients with uncontrolled hypertension, 77.1% had uncontrolled isolated systolic hypertension and the remaining 22.9% had uncontrolled diastolic hypertension. Patients with uncontrolled systolic hypertension were on average taking more antihypertensive medications than patients with controlled BP (2.10 ± 0.09; P = .034). Conclusions Systolic hypertension is the etiology of uncontrolled hypertension in the majority of patients. Currently available antihypertensive medications are less effective in controlling systolic hypertension.
The effect of depression on stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background Depression has been associated with delayed presentation, inadequate treatment, and poor survival in patients with cancer. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results and Medicare linked data (1992–2005), we identified patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma ( N = 23,745). International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, Clinical Modification codes were used to evaluate depression during the 3 to 27 months before the diagnosis of cancer. The effect of depression on receipt of therapy and survival was evaluated in univariate and multivariate models. Results Of patients with pancreatic cancer in our study, 7.9% had a diagnosis of depression ( N = 1,868). Depression was associated with increased age, female sex, white race, single or widowed status, and advanced stage disease ( P Conclusion The decreased survival associated with depression appears to be mediated by a lower likelihood of appropriate treatment in depressed patients. Accurate recognition and treatment of pancreatic cancer patients with depression may improve treatment rates and survival.
Quantum interference between two single photons of different microwave frequencies

We have measured quantum interference between two single microwave photons trapped in the same superconducting resonator, whose frequencies are initially about 6 GHz apart. We accomplish this by use of a parametric frequency conversion process that mixes the mode currents of two cavity harmonics through a superconducting quantum interference device, and demonstrate that a two-photon entanglement operation can be performed with high fidelity.
The focally demyelinated rat fimbria: a new in vitro model for the study of acute demyelination in the central nervous system.

Abstract We have produced controlled local demyelination in Wistar rat fimbriae by injection of microliter quantities of the detergent lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) stereotactically. Six to seven days later the hippocampus and fornix was dissected out en bloc and maintained in vitro for electrical evaluation of conduction through the damaged area. The tissue was then fixed for verification of the lesion by light and electron microscopy. All fimbriae showed a normal conducted action potential with a latency of 0.5 to 1.5 ms when the conduction distance was 4–5 mm. LPC-lesioned fimbriae also showed a later wave with a latency of 4–5 ms. This later wave had the same stimulus-response curve as the primary action potential, but was more sensitive to repeated stimulation. We interpret this wave as evidence of conduction into or through a demyelinated region. LPC-lesioned fimbriae also showed histological evidence of demyelination. This preparation provides an in vitro model for the study of acute local demyelination of central nervous system white matter, such as that induced by multiple sclerosis and other focally demyelinating diseases.
Six months following first unprovoked seizure, antiepileptic-treated adults have a recurrence risk in the following 12 months of significantly below the 20% threshold required to regain their driving license.

Commentary on: LJ Bonnett, C Tudur-Smith, PR Williamson, et al.. Risk of recurrence after a first seizure and implications for driving: further analysis of the Multicentre study of early Epilepsy and Single Seizures. BMJ2010;341:c6477.
Model-free compression creep methods for differentiation of lesion from background tissue

There is strong evidence that the elastic and the viscous properties of a tissue correlate well with the pathological state of the tissue. These properties could be determined using several methods including a creep method. Creep is a slow progressive deformation of a material under constant stress. The purpose of this paper is to present our preliminary investigation on measuring the loss tangent, i.e. the ratio of the loss modulus and the storage modulus, of different parts of a phantom mimicking a tissue, and differentiate a lesion from the background material based on our model-free technique.
Adaptive fusion of infrared and visible images in dynamic scene

Multiple modalities sensor fusion has been widely employed in various surveillance and military applications. A variety of image fusion techniques including PCA, wavelet, curvelet and HSV has been proposed in recent years to improve human visual perception for object detection. One of the main challenges for visible and infrared image fusion is to automatically determine an optimal fusion strategy for different input scenes along with an acceptable computational cost. This paper, we propose a fast and adaptive feature selection based image fusion method to obtain high a contrast image from visible and infrared sensors for targets detection. At first, fuzzy c-means clustering is applied on the infrared image to highlight possible hotspot regions, which will be considered as potential targets' locations. After that, the region surrounding the target area is segmented as the background regions. Then image fusion is locally applied on the selected target and background regions by computing different linear combination of color components from registered visible and infrared images. After obtaining different fused images, histogram distributions are computed on these local fusion images as the fusion feature set. The variance ratio which is based on Linear Discriminative Analysis (LDA) measure is employed to sort the feature set and the most discriminative one is selected for the whole image fusion. As the feature selection is performed over time, the process will dynamically determine the most suitable feature for the image fusion in different scenes. Experiment is conducted on the OSU Color-Thermal database, and TNO Human Factor dataset. The fusion results indicate that our proposed method achieved a competitive performance compared with other fusion algorithms at a relatively low computational cost.
Medical Error Disclosure Training: Evidence for Values-Based Ethical Environments

Disclosure of medical and errors to patients has been increasingly mandated in the U.S. and Canada. Thus, some health systems are developing formal disclosure policies. The present study examines how disclosure training may impact staff and the organization. We argue that organizations that support “disclose and apologize” activities, as opposed to “deny and defend,” are demonstrating values-based ethics. Specifically, we hypothesized that when health care clinicians are trained and supported in error disclosure, this may signal a values-based ethical environment, and staff may be more committed to the organization. We surveyed 325 clinical care providers employed by a large hospital that had recently begun implementing disclosure policies and training. Disclosure training explained significant variance in perceptions of the ethical environment, and the ethical environment mediated the relationship between disclosure training and organizational commitment. Although this study explored disclosure of medical errors, organizational support for error disclosure is a concept that could be relevant for many types of organizations.
A global string with an event horizon

Abstract An idealized infinite straight global string in flat space-time has a logarithmically divergent energy per unit length. With gravity included, the standard field theoretical model for a straight global string has been shown to give rise to a repulsive gravitational field, and to develop a curvature singularity at a finite proper distance off the spring core. Here we point out that alternative (although probably unrealistic) equations of state for the core of the global string produce a non-singular cylindrically symmetric metric with an event horizon at a finite proper distance off the core, suchthat timelike observers beyond the horizon are bound to move away from the string. The same geometric structure applies to the standard field theoretical model for a vortex in (2+1)-dimensional gravity. Thermal effects in a quantum field theory around the string due to the presence of the horizon are also calculated.
Saving the Life of a Foolish Poet: Tacitus on Marcus Lepidus, Thrasea Paetus, and Political Action under the Principate

This paper explores Tacitus' representation of Thrasea Paetus. Preliminary to analyzing this portrayal, I discuss two passages often cited when exploring Tacitus' political thought, Agricola 42.4 and Annales 4.20. I reject the former's validity with regard to Thrasea and accept the latter as a starting point for comparing Tacitus' depictions of Marcus Lepidus and Thrasea. Tacitus' characterizations of Thrasea and Lepidus share the greatest resemblance in the trials of Antistius Sosianus and Clutorius Priscus, both of whom wrote verses offensive to the regime. Thrasea and Lepidus both came to the defense of their respective poet in an attempt to spare the poet's life. In light of these trials, I conclude that Tacitus sought to reclaim the legacy of Thrasea and to cast him anew as a principled moderate rather than a reckless dissident.
The structure of the amino terminal transforming segment of the p21 protein, Tyr4-Thr20 (with Asp12), by two-dimensional NMR

The structure of a peptide from the transforming region (residues 4-20) of the p21 protein has been determined using two-dimensional NMR. In the normal protein, this segment contains a Gly residue at the critical 12 position; any substitution, other than Pro, at this position results in a transforming protein. Previously performed energy calculations indicated that this peptide segment is a structured one. In this study we find that the Asp12 containing peptide has a surprisingly well-defined structure in solution which has more similarity to the GDP-binding loop region in EF-tu than to that in p21.
Postoperative troponin I values: insult or injury?

Background: Troponin I (TnI) is increasingly employed as a highly specific marker of acute myocardial ischemia. The value of this marker after cardiac surgery is unclear. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to measure serum TnI levels prospectively at 1, 6, and 72 h after elective cardiac operations. In addition, TnI levels were measured from the shed mediastinal blood at 1 and 6 h postoperatively. Serum values were correlated with cross clamp time, type of operation, incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, as assessed by postoperative electrocardiograms (ECG) and regional wall motion, as documented by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods: Sixty patients underwent the following types of surgery: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (n = 45), valve repair/replacement (n = 10), and combination valve and coronary surgery (n = 5). Myocardial protection consisted of moderate systemic hypothermia (30–32°C), cold blood cardioplegia, and topical cooling for all patients. Results: Of 60 patients, 57 (95%) had elevated TnI levels, consistent with myocardial injury, 1 h postoperatively. This incidence increased to 98% (59/60) at 6 h postoperatively. There was a positive correlation between the length of cross clamp time and initial postoperative serum TnI (r = 0.70). There was no difference in the serum TnI values whether or not surgery was for ischemic heart disease (CABG or CABG + valve versus valve). There were no postoperative myocardial infarctions as assessed by serial ECGs. There was no evidence of diminished regional wall motion by TEE. Levels of TnI in the mediastinal shed blood were greater than assay in 58% (35/60) of the patients at 1 h and in 88% (53/60) at 6 h postoperatively. Patients who received an auto-transfusion of mediastinal shed blood (n = 22) had on average a 10-fold postoperative increase in serum TnI levels between 1 and 6 h. Patients who did not receive autotransfusion average less than doubled their TnI levels over the same interval. At 72 h, TnI levels were below the initial postoperative levels but still indicative of myocardial injury. Conclusion: Postoperative TnI levels are elevated after all types of cardiac surgery. There is a strong correlation between intraoperative ischemic time and postoperative TnI level. Further elevation of TnI is significantly enhanced by reinfusion of mediastinal shed blood. Despite these postoperative increases in TnI, there was no evidence of myocardial infarction by ECG or TEE. The postoperative TnI value is even less meaningful after autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood.
Phase transitions in mixed alkali calcium trifluoride solid solutions

Abstract Both KCaF 3 and RbCaF 3 are known to undergo ferroelastic phase transitions, the former at temperatures near 550 K and the latter at 195 and 40 K. The two compounds comprise ends of the completely miscible solid solution K 1 − x Rb x CaF 3 . Simulations of molecular dynamics have been performed for this solid solution, where Rb + ions were substituted for K + ions in KCaF 3 in varying concentrations of randomly distributed defects representing constitutional crossover to RbCaF 3 . First-principles calculations were used to obtain the potentials between ion pairs in these samples; the pair potentials were used to calculate the temperature dependence of the interaxis angles which were used as markers for the polymorphic phase transition. The calculated transition temperature thus obtained decreases in a nearly linear fashion as a function of Rb + ion concentration. Experimental transition temperatures obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of actual samples agree well with the calculated temperatures for those compositions with transitions above room temperature.
Reply to a Critic

Professor John Beach has taken issue with my book, The Logic of Analogy.1 His criticisms appeared under the title, “Analogous Naming, Extrinsic Denomination, and the Real Order.”2 In replying to Professor Beach, I shall make every effort to be as succinct as possible. This will not be easy, however, because Professor Beach has apparently not thought through the bases of his criticisms and it will be necessary to do this for him in order to make a decisive refutation.
Analysis of condensates formed at the Viking 2 lander site - The first winter

Relative surface albedo, spectral reflectance estimates and a limited photometric function are reduced from Viking 2 lander data obtained during a 249 Mars day period, in the lander's first year, when a light ground covering appeared on the surface. During the deposition, surface broadband albedo more than doubled and blue reflectance increased by a factor of 4.0. Comparison of lander data with earlier laboratory measurements of CO2 and H2O frosts and snows shows that reflectance estimates do not resemble either of those solids. The condensate reflectance resembles that of the surface after the covering disappeared. The covering may have been colored by dust which fell before it, by dust mixed with it, or by dust on top of it; but the data strongly support a mixture of dust with H2O and CO2 solids. The covering thickness is estimated to be between 0.5 and a few millimeters.
Some identities between basic hypergeometric series deriving from a new Bailey-type transformation

We prove a new Bailey-type transformation relating WP-Bailey pairs. We then use this transformation to derive a number of new 3- and 4-term transformation formulae between basic hypergeometric series.
Theory of Acoustic Excitations in Colloidal Suspensions

Recent Brillouin scattering experiments have revealed the surprising existence of two acoustic modes in colloidal suspensions of solid spheres. Through an analytic Green's-function calculation and numerical simulations, we show that the higher-frequency mode is associated with the solid-sphere antiresonances, and the lower-frequency mode arises from the coupling of internal resonances between neighboring spheres. Our theory yields excellent agreement with the measured dispersion relations and offers an explanation for the observed frequency gaps in the excitation spectra.
An analytical approach for determining the environmental impact of machining processes

This paper presents a model of the environmental impact of machining processes. The analytical model integrates aspects of the process mechanics, wear characteristics and lubricant flows. The quantifiable dimensions in this analysis include energy utilization, process rate, workpiece primary mass flow, and secondary flow of process catalysts. The generation of multiple waste streams can be compared by examining factors such as toxicity and flammability. The sensitivity of environmental factors to variations in operating parameters such as depth of cut, speed, feed, and tool rake angle are examined. The prioritization of environmental factors were evaluated for both high-rate transfer line and flexible job shop environments through utility analysis. This model can serve as a framework for decision-making in environmentally-conscious manufacturing, including the design of parts for machining, process planning and the selection of operating parameters.
Collaborative planning of AEC projects and partnerships

Abstract This paper discusses the development of novel methods and a platform for the support of project planning processes in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC). Through the new approach it will be possible to systematically generate comprehensive project plans by cultivating and enacting the logic and intelligence of incremental and collaborative planning strategies. The underlying methodology treats project planning as the execution of a series of structured dialogues between prospective project partners. In the paper, the selection and preparation of a Design–Build partnership is used as an example implementation. It discusses the methodology and shows how workflow definition and enactment can be realized through the prototype platform developed in the European e-HUBs research project. The paper focuses on the first stage of the research and discusses future evaluation by domain experts to validate the approach.
Case report and review of lupus erythematosus cells in cytology fluids.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease typically diagnosed by a combination of physical findings and clinical laboratory testing. Several decades ago, the diagnosis of lupus included the lupus erythematosus (LE) cell assay. Autoimmune serology techniques such as anti-nuclear antibody staining have replaced the LE cell assay. However, as presented in this report and review of the literature, the in vivo finding of LE cells by cytopathology remains an important finding consistent with the diagnosis of SLE. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:806–809. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
No Patriotic Fervor for Pella: Aelius Aristides and the Presentation of the Macedonians in the Second Sophistic

This paper examines four speeches by Aelius Aristides that contrast the image of Macedonian history negatively with Greek past and Roman present. Aristides' literary milieu of the 'Second Sophistic' is characterized by Greek self-consciousness and nostalgia in the Roman Empire. While writers like Plutarch and Arrian mythologize the figure of Alexander as a second Achilles and a philosopher-of-war as a means of offering subtle proof of 'Hellenic' primacy over the Romans, Aristides chooses to focus on the more negative aspects of the Macedonian legacy. To the Thebans I and II elaborately update the 'barbaric' image of Philip II found in Demosthenes, making him parallel not only, perhaps, to the Persian enemy of old but also to Rome's contemporary Parthian enemy. The Panathenaic Oration and To Rome, on the other hand, idealize the world of the present, where Athens reigns supreme in culture, Rome in conquest. Aristides' stance suggests that, despite the attractions of the 'Hellenic' Alexander, pride in Greece does not necessarily have to include Macedonian history. What is more important is that writers have some means of Hellenizing Rome, whether by idealizing a 'Greco-Roman' Alexander, or by seeing Rome as the ultimate polis.
Graded Exercise Stress Tests in Angiographically Documented Coronary Artery Disease

Graded exercise stress tests performed on 650 consecutive patients with proven or suspected coronary disease undergoing evaluation by cardiac catheterization were correlated with clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings. Among 451 patients with significant coronary stenosis, 332 (74%) had interpretable stress tests and 65% of these were positive (sensitivity). The rate of "false positives" was 8%. The clinical syndrome of typical angina identified significant coronary disease in 89% of the patients, and 58% of that group had a positive exercise test defined by objective electrocardiographic criteria. Patients were not eliminated from this study because of recent digitalis ingestion. Although a higher frequency of uninterpretable exercise tests was found in this group (40%), the test results reflected more severe coronary disease. None of the patients with "false positive" tests were taking digitalis. It is concluded that recent digitalis ingestion should not be considered a contraindication for ex...
Colorimetric determination of cytochrome C oxidase by formation of a quinodediimonium pigment from dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine☆

A simple colorimetric method for the micro-determination of cytochrome oxidase based on the formation of a water-soluble red pigment from dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, is described. The formation of “quinonediimonium red” is proportional to the concentration of cytochrome oxidase (mitochondrial suspensions from the kidney of the rat containing 1 to 30 μg of N) and to the time of incubation during the first 1 to 3 minutes. The method was tried out with various animal and plant tissues.
Improved central confidence intervals for the ratio of Poisson means

Abstract The problem of confidence intervals for the ratio of two unknown Poisson means was “solved” decades ago, but a closer examination reveals that the standard solution is far from optimal from the frequentist point of view. We construct a more powerful set of central confidence intervals, each of which is a (typically proper) subinterval of the corresponding standard interval. They also provide upper and lower confidence limits which are more restrictive than the standard limits. The construction follows Neyman’s original prescription, though discreteness of the Poisson distribution and the presence of a nuisance parameter (one of the unknown means) lead to slightly conservative intervals. Philosophically, the issue of the appropriateness of the construction method is similar to the issue of conditioning on the margins in 2×2 contingency tables. From a frequentist point of view, the new set maintains (over) coverage of the unknown true value of the ratio of means at each stated confidence level, even though the new intervals are shorter than the old intervals by any measure (except for two cases where they are identical). As an example, when the number 2 is drawn from each Poisson population, the 90% CL central confidence interval on the ratio of means is (0.169, 5.196), rather than (0.108, 9.245). In the cited literature, such confidence intervals have applications in numerous branches of pure and applied science, including agriculture, wildlife studies, manufacturing, medicine, reliability theory, and elementary particle physics.
Polarographic study of a copper(II)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one complex

Abstract The complex formed in the interaction of copper(II) with 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one has been studied in some detail. A molar combining ratio of 2 to 1 of complexing agent to copper and a reproducible formation constant were obtained.
Effect of Vitamin D on Production and Some Properties of Eggs

Abstract SINCE the publication of the results of the pioneer investigations of Hughes et al. (1924; 1925a, b, and c) on the effects of ultra-violet irradiation on the chicken, several groups of workers have studied the influence of vitamin D supplements on the production, composition, and hatchability of eggs. Hughes and his associates found that ultra-violet irradiation had a markedly beneficial effect on the production and hatchability of eggs and that the quantity of vitamin D stored in the egg could be affected by diet, as well as by ultra-violet irradiation of the chickens. The experiments of Hart and co-workers (1925) yielded similar results. Although the influence of vitamin D on the production and properties of eggs has been fairly widely studied [Shutt (1926); Sheard and Higgins (1929); Taylor and Martin (1928); the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (1928); Martin and co-workers (1930 (1933); and Hendricks, Lee and Godfrey (1931)], the . . .
Simultaneous generation of multivariate mixed data with Poisson and normal marginals

The present paper develops a procedure for simulating multivariate data with count and continuous variables with a pre-specified correlation matrix. The count and continuous variables are assumed to have Poisson and normal marginals, respectively. The data generation mechanism is a combination of the normal to anything principle and a newly established connection between Poisson and normal correlations in the mixture. A step-by-step algorithm is provided and its performance is evaluated using two simulated and one real-data scenarios.
Convection in a rotating cylindrical annulus: thermal Rossby waves

The nonlinear equations describing convection in the form of thermal Rossby waves in a rotating annulus are solved both by an analytical perturbation theory and by a numerical method. It is shown that even in the absence of curvature of the surfaces bounding the fluid annulus in the axial direction a mean flow is generated by Reynolds stresses. The good agreement between analytical expressions and numerical results indicates that the former are valid over a larger domain of the parameter space than may be expected on the basis of the analysis of convection rolls in a non-rotating layer. This is caused in part by the reduced release of potential energy accompanying the reduced convective heat transport owing to the drift of the convection columns. The effect of curvature causes the replacement of the basic mode of convection by a different mode characterized by a double roll structure. The associated zonal mean flow is typically stronger than in the case without curvature.