cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Behavioral Health Program for Alcohol Use Disorder, Substance Abuse, and Depression in Chronic Liver Disease.

Alcohol use disorder, substance abuse, and depression are illnesses that deteriorate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Screening and behavioral health programs integrated into routine practice can mitigate the deleterious effects of such illnesses but have not been adopted in hepatology practices. We implemented a behavioral health program based on the Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) model and assessed its acceptability and effectiveness in improving QOL. This was a quality improvement study. Patients with CLD and a scheduled outpatient visit in the hepatology clinic were screened while waiting for their appointment. All patients who screened positive for any of the three illnesses were offered a brief intervention (BI) at the point of care and at 3 months by a trained social worker. The BI used the principles of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy. Severity of illness was assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Participants completed an acceptability survey at 6 months. We screened 303 patients; 61.7% were positive for any of the three illnesses assessed. Among the positive patients, depression was most common (48.4%), alcohol and substance abuse were each 26%. For the 95 patients who underwent BI, QOL improved from baseline to 3 and 6 months (P < 0.001) and patients with depression improved the most. Depression was the only independent predictor of change in QOL over time. Of the enrolled patients, 82% agreed BIs improved their overall care and 87% indicated a desire to continue with the behavioral program. Conclusion: An outpatient behavioral health program based on the SBIRT model is acceptable to patients with CLD and may help improve QOL over time.
Are we crying Wolff? 3D printed replicas of trabecular bone structure demonstrate higher stiffness and strength during off-axis loading

Abstract Roux's principle of bone functional adaptation postulates that bone tissue, and particularly trabecular bone tissue, responds to mechanical stimuli by adjusting (modeling) its architecture accordingly. Hence, it predicts that the new modeled trabecular structure is mechanically improved (stiffer and stronger) in line with the habitual in vivo loading direction. While previous studies found indirect evidence to support this theory, direct support was so far unattainable. This is attributed to the fact that each trabecular bone is unique, and that trabecular bone tissue tends to be damaged during mechanical testing. Consequently, a unique modeled trabecular structure can be mechanically tested only along one direction and a comparison to other directions for that specific structure is impossible. To address this issue, we have 3D printed 10 replicas of a trabecular structure from a sheep talus cropped along the 3 principal axes of the bone and in line with the principal direction of loading (denoted on-axis model). Next, we have rotated the same cropped trabecular structure in increments of 10° up to 90° to the bone principal direction of loading (denoted off-axis models) and printed 10 replicas of each off-axis model. Finally, all on-axis and off-axis 3D printed replicas were loaded in compression until failure and trabecular structure stiffness and strength were calculated. Contrary to our prediction, and conflicting with Roux's principle of bone functional adaptation, we found that a trabecular structure loaded off-axis tended to have higher stiffness and strength values when compared to the same trabecular structure loaded on-axis. These unexpected results may not disprove Roux's principle of bone functional adaptation, but they do imply that trabecular bone adaptation may serve additional purposes than simply optimizing bone structure to one principal loading scenario and this suggests that we still don't fully understand bone modeling in its entirety.
Hyperspectral Imaging of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Cancer Margin Detection in Surgical Specimens from 102 Patients Using Deep Learning

Surgical resection of head and neck (H and N) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may yield inadequate surgical cancer margins in 10 to 20% of cases. This study investigates the performance of label-free, reflectance-based hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and autofluorescence imaging for SCC detection at the cancer margin in excised tissue specimens from 102 patients and uses fluorescent dyes for comparison. Fresh surgical specimens (n = 293) were collected during H and N SCC resections (n = 102). The tissue specimens were imaged with reflectance-based HSI and autofluorescence imaging and afterwards with two fluorescent dyes for comparison. A histopathological ground truth was made. Deep learning tools were developed to detect SCC with new patient samples (inter-patient) and machine learning for intra-patient tissue samples. Area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operator characteristic was used as the main evaluation metric. Additionally, the performance was estimated in mm increments circumferentially from the tumor-normal margin. In intra-patient experiments, HSI classified conventional SCC with an AUC of 0.82 up to 3 mm from the cancer margin, which was more accurate than proflavin dye and autofluorescence (both p < 0.05). Intra-patient autofluorescence imaging detected human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) SCC with an AUC of 0.99 at 3 mm and greater accuracy than proflavin dye (p < 0.05). The inter-patient results showed that reflectance-based HSI and autofluorescence imaging outperformed proflavin dye and standard red, green, and blue (RGB) images (p < 0.05). In new patients, HSI detected conventional SCC in the larynx, oropharynx, and nasal cavity with 0.85–0.95 AUC score, and autofluorescence imaging detected HPV+ SCC in tonsillar tissue with 0.91 AUC score. This study demonstrates that label-free, reflectance-based HSI and autofluorescence imaging methods can accurately detect the cancer margin in ex-vivo specimens within minutes. This non-ionizing optical imaging modality could aid surgeons and reduce inadequate surgical margins during SCC resections.
Aspirin sensitivity: Lessons in the regulation (and dysregulation) of mast cell function

The idiosyncratic activation of mast cells (MCs) in response to administration of nonselective COX inhibitors is a cardinal feature of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Older studies using MC-stabilizing drugs support a critical role for MCs and their products in driving the severe eosinophilic inflammation and respiratory dysfunction that is typical of AERD. Because patients with AERD react to all nonselective COX inhibitors regardless of their chemical structure, the mechanism of MC activation is not caused by classical, antigen-induced cross-linking of IgE receptors. Recent studies in both human subjects and animal models have revealed a complex and multifactorial process culminating in dysregulation of MC function and an aberrant dependency on COX-1–derived prostaglandin E2 to maintain a tenuous homeostasis. This article reviews the factors most likely to contribute to MC dysregulation in patients with AERD and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Defining and navigating ‘action’ in a Participatory Action Research project

While the ‘action’ portion of a Participatory Action Research (PAR) project is a crucial component of the process, action tends to be challenging to define, achieve, and measure. The current paper ...
Capacity Allocation Optimization of Components in Regional Integrated Micro-energy System

Through realizing the mutual supply of power, gas, heating, cooling and other energy systems, regional integrated micro-energy system (RIMS) could make full use of the absorption capacity of renewable energy, and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy. The capacity allocation of components is the key content of RIMS design. This paper establishes an optimization model with the objective of minimizing the cost of unit productivity and constraints of energy balance, equipment outputs and charging & discharging power of energy storage devices. A case of RIMS was studied to verify the model. Simulation results show that the proposed capacity allocation optimization model could effectively reduce the cost of unit productivity, reduce peak-valley difference of various types of loads and improve utilization efficiency of clean energy.
S-band delay lines in suspended lithium niobate

Thin-film lithium niobate is an attractive platform for GHz-frequency applications in low-power RF analog signal processing, optomechanics, and quantum devices due to its high coupling, low loss, excellent optical properties, and compatibility with superconducting quantum circuits. We demonstrate aluminum interdigitated transducers (IDTs) in this platform for horizontal shear (SH) waves between 1.2 and 3.3 GHz and longitudinal waves between 2.1 and 5.4 GHz. For the SH waves, we measure a piezoelectric coupling coefficient of 13 % and 6.0 dB/mm propagation losses in delay lines up to 1.2 mm with a 300 ns delay in air at room temperature. In these high k eff 2 transducers, electrical loading gives rise to large reflections and resonances. Finite element method models and an experimental finger-pair sweep are used to characterize the role of resonance in these transducers, illuminating the physics behind the large motional admittances of these small-footprint IDTs.
6 – INTEGRATING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCOVERY IN THE ABACUS SYSTEM

Most research on inductive learning has been concerned with qualitative learning that creates conceptual, logic-style descriptions from the given facts. In contrast, quantitative learning deals with discovering numerical laws characterizing empirical data. This research attempts to integrate both types of learning by combining newly developed heuristics for formulating equations with the previously developed concept learning method embodied in the inductive learning program AQ11. The resulting system, ABACUS, formulates equations characterizing observed data, and derives explicit, logic-style descriptions stating the applicability conditions for these equations. Several new techniques for quantitative learning are introduced. Units analysis reduces the search space of equations by examining the compatibility of variables' units. Proportionality graph search addresses the problem of identifying relevant variables that should enter equations. Suspension search focuses the search space through heuristic evaluation. The capabilities of ABACUS are demonstrated by several examples from physics and chemistry.
Mechanical Ventilation in Pregnancy Due to COVID-19: A Cohort of Three Cases.

We describe our experience with three pregnant women with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who required mechanical ventilation. Recent data suggest a mortality of 88% in nonpregnant patients with COVID-19 who require intubation and mechanical ventilation. The three women we report were intubated and mechanically ventilated during pregnancy due to respiratory failure and pneumonia resulting from COVID-19. After several days of ventilation, all three were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation and extubated, and are continuing their pregnancies with no demonstrable adverse effects. Our experience suggests that the mortality in pregnant women with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation is not necessarily as high as in nonpregnant patients with COVID-19. Key Points
IN PRAISE OF LUMPEN HUMANITY: AGGREGATION, PERSONAL & IMPERSONAL REASONS

T. M. Scanlon’s contractualism and more specifically his conception of morality narrowly conceived proscribe direct appeal to what he calls impersonal values, such as items of natural beauty or cultural goods. In the scope of what we owe to each other, one should appeal only to concerns arising from what bears directly on individuals, by reference to which they can reasonably reject one set of principles in favour of another. There is an overlooked ambiguity here in how we should understand the scope of “what we owe to each other.” Unpacking this helps us see more clearly how contractualism can respond to the challenge that it must accommodate the intuitive force of aggregating: that, when all other things are equal, we are required to save a greater number of people over a lesser. I explain the role personal and impersonal value have in Scanlon’s contractualism. I connect the focus on personal value with perspectivalism, the justificatory privileging of the perspective of victims. Perspectivalism, I suggest, is motivated by Scanlon’s constructivist methodology. Whether perspectivalism is adequate as the basis of contractualism is not independent of the question of aggregation. Given the ambiguity highlighted, I conclude that other forms of contractualism might safely ignore the demands of aggregation.
Unsupervised identification of rat behavioral motifs across timescales

Behaviors of several laboratory animals can be modeled as sequences of stereotyped behaviors, or behavioral motifs. However, identifying such motifs is a challenging problem. Behaviors have a multi-scale structure: the animal can be simultaneously performing a small-scale motif and a large-scale one (e.g. \textit{chewing} and \textit{feeding}). Motifs are compositional: a large-scale motif is a chain of smaller-scale ones, folded in (some behavioral) space in a specific manner. We demonstrate an approach which captures these structures, using rat locomotor data as an example. From the same dataset, we used a preprocessing procedure to create different versions, each describing motifs of a different scale. We then trained several Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in parallel, one for each dataset version. This approach essentially forced each HMM to learn motifs on a different scale, allowing us to capture behavioral structures lost in previous approaches. By comparing HMMs with models representing different null hypotheses, we found that rat locomotion was composed of distinct motifs from second scale to minute scale. We found that transitions between motifs were modulated by rats' location in the environment, leading to non-Markovian transitions. To test the ethological relevance of motifs we discovered, we compared their usage between rats with differences in a high-level trait, prosociality. We found that these rats had distinct motif repertoires, suggesting that motif usage statistics can be used to infer internal states of rats. Our method is therefore an efficient way to discover multi-scale, compositional structures in animal behaviors. It may also be applied as a sensitive assay for internal states.
What Does Amazing Look Like? Illustrator Studies in Pre-Service Teacher Education.

VISUAL LITERACY is based on the idea that pictures communicate or can be ‘read,’ a more and more highly prized skill in our educational landscape. The outcomes of the pilot study conducted with und...
Understanding the needs of children returning from formerly ISIS-controlled territories through an emotional security theory lens: Implications for practice.

Abstract Background Children who spent time in territories formerly controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and who are now being reintegrated into their countries of origin have experienced significant trauma and may present with adjustment or mental health problems. Objective In this paper we describe how Emotional Security Theory (EST; Davies & Cummings, 1994) and its more recent formulation, EST-reformulated (EST-R; Davies & Martin, 2013, 2014), provide a theoretical lens to aid in understanding the ways in which traumatic experiences under ISIS may have an enduring impact on a child’s development and well-being. Methods & results The core assumption of EST is that maintaining safety and security is a central goal for a child growing up in the context of conflict. Children living in conflict zones under ISIS rule may have developed emotional insecurity, which in turn is theorized to lead to developmental cascades across multiple domains of functioning and at times result in clinically significant distress. This theoretical understanding can guide intervention, as it suggests that the foci of intervention must (1) minimize social signals indicative of threat while also (2) reducing behavioral response patterns that limit opportunities for exploration and prosocial affiliation. Trauma Systems Therapy is a multidisciplinary child trauma treatment model that addresses both stressors in the social environment and related emotional dysregulation. Conclusions Challenges and considerations related to implementing such a comprehensive treatment approach in low- and middle-income countries are discussed.
Ontogenetic allometry and scaling in catarrhine crania

In studies of ontogenetic allometry, ontogenetic scaling has often been invoked to explain cranial morphological differences between smaller and larger forms of closely related taxa. These scaled variants in shape have been hypothesized to be the result of the extension or truncation of common growth allometries. In this scenario, change in size is the determining factor, perhaps under direct selection, and changes in cranial shapes are byproducts, not under direct selection themselves. However, many of these conclusions are based on studies that used bivariate generalizations of shape. Even among multivariate analyses of growth allometries, there are discrepancies as to the prevalence of ontogenetic scaling among primates, how shared the trajectories need to be, and which taxa evince properties of scaled variants. In this investigation, we use a large, comparative ontogenetic sample, geometric morphometric methods, and multivariate statistical tests to examine ontogenetic allometry and evaluate if differences in cranial shape among closely related catarrhines of varying sizes are primarily driven by size divergence, that is, ontogenetic scaling. We then evaluate the hypothesis of size as a line of least evolutionary resistance in catarrhine cranial evolution. We found that patterns of ontogenetic allometry vary among taxa, indicating that ontogenetic scaling sensu stricto does not often account for most morphological differences and that large and small taxa within clades are generally not scaled variants. The presence of a variety of ontogenetic pathways for the evolution of cranial shapes provides indirect evidence for selection acting directly on the cranial shape, rather than on size alone.
Deubiquitinase USP7 contributes to the pathogenicity of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are devastating, slowly progressing neurodegenerative conditions caused by expansion of polyQ-encoding CAG repeats within the coding regions of distinct, unrelated genes. In spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), polyQ expansion within the androgen receptor (AR) causes progressive neuromuscular toxicity, the molecular basis of which is unclear. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified changes in the AR interactome caused by polyQ expansion. We found that the deubiquitinase USP7 preferentially interacts with polyQ-expanded AR, and that lowering USP7 levels reduced mutant AR aggregation and cytotoxicity in cell models of SBMA. Moreover, USP7 knockdown suppressed disease phenotypes in SBMA and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) fly models, and monoallelic knockout of Usp7 ameliorated several motor deficiencies in transgenic SBMA mice. USP7 overexpression resulted in reduced AR ubiquitination, indicating the direct action of USP7 on AR. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified the ubiquitinated lysine residues on mutant AR that are regulated by USP7. Finally, we found that USP7 also differentially interacts with mutant Huntingtin (HTT) protein in striatum and frontal cortex of a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Taken together, our findings reveal a critical role for USP7 in the pathophysiology of SBMA and suggest a similar role in SCA3 and Huntington's disease.
A Qualitative Approach to Understanding Grain Bin Entry Decisions by Youth.

Youths – defined as children under the age of 18 – are frequently involved in agricultural work. Parental assignment, briefing, and supervision of hazardous farm tasks have an influence on youth sa...
Molecular Targets of Cannabinoids Associated with Depression.

Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to address depression, a major neurological disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Cannabinoids and their synthetic derivatives have demonstrated numerous neurological activities and may potentially be developed into new treatments for depression. This review highlights cannabinoid (CB) receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor as key molecular targets of cannabinoids that are associated with depression. The anti-depressant activity of cannabinoids and their binding modes with cannabinoid receptors are discussed, providing insights into rational design and discovery of new cannabinoids or cannabimimetic agents with improved druggable properties.
SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor Diagnosed on Adrenal Sampling.

Objectives SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor has distinct clinicopathologic features. We describe our experience with primary diagnosis on adrenal sampling. Methods We collected six SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors diagnosed on adrenal sampling. Immunostains for SMARCA4, SF-1, inhibin, calretinin, S-100 protein, EMA, and TTF-1 were performed. A control group of 63 primary adrenocortical tumors was also immunostained. Results Patients included four men and two women (aged 52-77 years). Five had unilateral adrenal masses and one bilateral (range, 2.4-9.6 cm). Five had pulmonary masses, and one had a midline mediastinal mass. All cases had a monotonous epithelioid appearance and variable rhabdoid morphology. Immunophenotypically, all six cases had loss of nuclear SMARCA4 expression and no staining for SF-1, inhibin, calretinin, or S-100 protein. Variable EMA immunoreactivity was present in four of six cases and focal nuclear TTF-1 expression in one of six. All 63 adrenocortical neoplasms had retained nuclear SMARCA4 expression. Conclusions SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor may present in the adrenal gland, and this series likely represents metastases from thoracic primaries. Because of the frequent absence of lineage marker expression, knowledge of the characteristic clinical presentation, the rhabdoid morphology, and the typical immunophenotype (loss of SMARCA4/BRG1) allow for appropriate distinction from adrenocortical carcinoma.
Viscoelastic Relaxation of the Nuclear Envelope Does Not Cause the Collapse of the Spindle After Ablation in S. pombe

A large molecular machine called the mitotic spindle is responsible for accurate chromosome segregation in eukaryotic cells. The spindle consists of protein filaments known as microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins such as motors and crosslinkers, which help impart its organization. In the case of the fission yeast S. pombe, these form a single bundle inside the nucleus. During spindle elongation, sliding by motor proteins provides an internal source of extensile forces, which are resisted by the compressive forces of the nuclear envelope. To probe the sources of this force balance, we cut the spindle using focused laser light at various stages of spindle elongation. We find that the spindle pole bodies collapse toward each other post-ablation. While this basic behavior has been previously observed, many questions remain about the timing, mechanics, and molecular requirements of this phenomenon. Here, we quantify the time scale of the relaxation and probe its underlying mechanism. We demonstrate that viscoelastic relaxation of the nuclear envelope cannot explain this phenomenon and provide evidence of active forces as the underlying mechanism.
On Embedded Eigenvalues of Perturbed Periodic Schrödinger Operators

The problem of non-existence of eigenvalues imbedded into the continuous spectrum is considered for Schrodinger operators with periodic potentials perturbed by a sufficiently fast decaying “impurity” potentials. Absence of embedded eigenvalues is shown in dimensions two and three if the periodic potential satisfies some additional condition on the corresponding Fermi surface. It is conjectured that generic periodic potentials satisfy this condition. It is stated that separable periodic potentials satisfy it, and hence in dimensions two and three a Schrodinger operator with a separable periodic potential perturbed by a sufficiently fast decaying “impurity” potential has no embedded eigenvalues. The proofs are only sketched. The complete proofs will be provided elsewhere.
Convective Effects During Diffusivity Measurements in Liquids with An Applied Magnetic Field

Convective contamination of self-diffusion experiments with an applied magnetic field is considered using a two-dimensional axisymmetric model. Constant, uniform, and an additional non-uniform heat fluxes are imposed along the sidewall of the cylinder while constant heat loss occurs through the top and bottom. In this model, due to a very small thermal Peclet number, convective heat transfer is neglected, and the flow is steady and inertialess. Time-dependent concentration is solved for various values of the mass Peclet number, Pe(sub m), (the ratio between the convective transport rate and the diffusive transport rate) and different magnetic field strengths represented by the Hartmann number Ha. Normalized values of these diffusivities vs. effective Pe(sub m) are presented for different imposed temperature profiles. In all cases, the diffusivity value obtained through the simulated measurement increases as the effective Pe(sub m) increases. The numerical results suggest that an additional periodic flux, or hot and cold spots, can significantly decrease the convective contamination in our geometry.
A multi-convex approach to latency inference and control in traffic equilibria from sparse data

A common behavioral assumption in the modeling of traffic networks is the user equilibrium. Since traffic volumes, resulting from the rational behavior of agents, are easily but sparsely observable, and delay functions are not directly observable, we present a mathematical program with equilibrium constraint (MPEC) framework to impute the delay functions and centrally control the system from partial observations of equilibria. We also develop a novel method for solving MPECs using multi-convex optimization. Our block descent method has an intuitive interpretation, and numerical experiments demonstrate its accuracy for structural estimation, and highlight the importance of sensor placement for toll pricing.
Neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks in patients taking anticoagulant or thromboprophylactic drugs: challenges and solutions

Incidence of hemorrhagic complications from neuraxial blockade is unknown, but classically cited as 1 in 150,000 epidurals and 1 in 220,000 spinals. However, recent literature and epidemiologic data suggest that for certain patient populations the frequency is higher (1 in 3,000). Due to safety concerns of bleeding risk, guidelines and recommendations have been designed to reduce patient morbidity/mortality during regional anesthesia. Data from evidence-based reviews, clinical series and case reports, collaborative experience of experts, and pharmacology used in developing consensus statements are unable to address all patient comorbidities and are not able to guarantee specific outcomes. No laboratory model identifies patients at risk, and rarity of neuraxial hematoma defies prospective randomized study so "patient-specific" factors and "surgery-related" issues should be considered to improve patient-oriented outcomes. Details of advanced age, older females, trauma patients, spinal cord and vertebral column abnormalities, organ function compromise, presence of underlying coagulopathy, traumatic or difficult needle placement, as well as indwelling catheter(s) during anticoagulation pose risks for significant bleeding. Therefore, balancing between thromboembolism, bleeding risk, and introduction of more potent antithrombotic medications in combination with regional anesthesia has resulted in a need for more than "consensus statements" to safely manage regional interventions during anticoagulant/thromboprophylactic therapy.
Somatic and flagellar immunofluorescence of Salmonella.

Caldwell, W. J. (The Child Research Center of Michigan, Detroit, Mich.), C. S. Stulberg, and W. D. Peterson, Jr. Somatic and flagellar immunofluorescence of Salmonella . J. Bacteriol. 92:1177–1187. 1966.—Labeled globulin fractions of flagellar (H) antisera, prepared against 20 frequently occurring Salmonella serotypes belonging to five major somatic (O) groups, were characterized for O and H immunofluorescence and for O and H agglutinin titers against 32 serotypes. The feasibility of immunofluorescent identification of both somatic and flagellar antigens was enhanced by staining formaldehyde-treated organisms in suspension. Relationships between homologous, partial, and unrelated antigen-antibody systems were then analyzed, and a high degree of correlation was shown between the results obtained by the two serological procedures. Flagellar staining was highly specific, and was bright, faint, or inapparent, depending on the relationship between the antigen-antibody systems involved. Somatic staining was also specific, but somewhat more difficult to interpret, because cells in the same preparation might exhibit a mixture of bright, faint, or no fluorescent intensities. Correlation was shown between the percentage of brightly staining cells found in these preparations and the agglutination titers of the comparable antigen-antibody systems. The phenomenon of a “percentage” reaction was unexplained. Absorption studies further confirmed the specificity of reactions. The techniques developed were applied to surveillance of several mouse colonies for the presence of Salmonella . Broth cultures of fecal specimens were treated with formaldehyde and stained in suspension with “polyvalent” labeled antibody reagents. Agreement was found in 97.6% of the instances between results obtained by immunofluorescence and cultural methods. In addition, preliminary evidence indicated the feasibility of presumptive serotyping of Salmonella isolates by immunofluorescence. Images
Adaptive graph computations with a connection machine

Results from parallel computing on a CM-2 Connection Machine are reported for a variety of graph-theoretic models for fitness optimization in evolutionary biology. These computations are among the most complex ever undertaken in this field and make full use of the internal hypercube architecture of the CM-2. >
Implementing a 3D Printing Service in an Academic Library

ABSTRACT Makerspaces and related concepts and technologies are currently the subject of much discussion in the library community, particularly among public libraries. One prominent technology often featured in makerspaces is three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this article the author describes a 3D printing service launched at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville's Lovejoy Library; the justification for providing the service in an academic library, equipment selection, procedures and workflow, and evaluation of the success of the service to date.
Determination of extraction equilibria for several metals in the development of a process designed to recover aluminum and other metals from coal combustion ash

Abstract Laboratory-scale tests of several methods for the recovery of resource materials from fly ash have led to the development of a sinter/dilute acid leach method (Calsinter process) in which fly ash is sintered with a source of calcium oxide (CaCO3, CaSO4, CaO, and/or limestone flue-gas desulfurization scrubber sludge) at 1000–1200°C, followed by a two-stage leach of the sintered solids with dilute sulfuric acid. Recovery of aluminum from this leach solution in a relatively pure form requires that several contaminants, particularly iron, must be separated from the aluminum before it can be precipitated. Therefore, distribution coefficients for iron (III) and 16 other metal ions have been determined in the liquid—liquid extraction system: Primene JM-T—toluene versus aqueous ammonium sulfate (and sodium sulfate) as a function of sulfate, acid, metal ion, and amine sulfate concentration. A study of iron (III) loading equilibria as a function of time indicated that equilibrium was essentially achieved in 1 h; however, some changes, probably in the nature of the extracted species, occurred over a period of approximately 20 h. Iron (III) extraction results obtained under various sulfate concentration matrix conditions suggested the formation of an aqueous complex of ferric ammonium sulfate, which depressed iron distribution to the organic phase. Extraction isotherms for Ag, As, Cd, Cr, and Fe all exhibit linearity at low loading conditions with unit slopes, indicating the same degree of association of the metal ion species in both the organic and the aqueous phase. Other metal ions for which distribution coefficients are reported are: Ba, Mg, Mn, Na, K, P, Pb, Th, Ti, and U.
Myoid features of renal corpuscles and tubules

In kidney tissue, prepared without fixation by freeze-substitution or inert dehydration, a system of relatively coarse filaments is found, particularly in the capsular cells of the renal corpuscles and at the base of proximal tubular cells. These filaments are associated with characteristic cytoplasm. This system of filaments and cytoplasm also is seen in the secretory juxtaglomerular cells, and occasionally in cells of the distal convoluted tubules. Small numbers of filaments also are found in agranular “Polkissen” and mesangial cells, and in the visceral epithelial cells of the renal corpuscles, as well as in interstitial cells in tubular areas. In all essential respects these filaments, and the cytoplasm they are embedded in, resemble the system of coarse filaments found in smooth muscle cells under similar circumstances of preservation. It is believed that these are myosin filaments, probably associated with tropomyosin B. Unfortunately, the method of preservation does not disclose thin filaments that might be regarded as actin. Actin filaments are not seen in mammalian smooth muscle either under identical circumstances and are demonstrably largely depolymerized in striated muscle ( 11 ). However, the present demonstration of a system presumably containing myosin in epithelial parts of the kidney is interpreted as signifying that these areas have myoid properties, and should be regarded as being myoepithelial in character.
Quasi-analytical transient conduction solution

Laframboise, J.B., "Theory of Spherical and Cylindrical Langmuir Probes in a Collisionless, Maxwellian Plasma at Rest," UTIAS Rept. 100, June 1966; also Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Vol. II, edited by J.H. Deleeuw, Academic Press, New York, 1966, pp. 22-44. Sonin, A.A., "The Behavior of Free Molecule Cylindrical Langmuir Probes in Supersonic Flows, and Their Application to the Study of the Blunt Body Stagnation Layer," Rept. 109, Aug. 1965, University of Toronto Institute of Aerospace Studies, Toronto, Canada. Allen, J.E., Boyd, R.L.F., and Reynolds, P., "The Collection of Positive Ions by a Probe Immersed in a Plasma," Proceedings of the Physical Society, Vol. 70, B, 1957, pp. 297-304. Chen, F.F., "Numerical Computations for Ion Probe Characteristics in a Collisionless Plasma," Journal of Nuclear Energy: Ser. C: Plasma Physics, Vol. 7,1965, pp. 47-67. 11 Bruce, C.F., "Conical Electrostatic Probe Response in a Weakly Ionized Gas Flow," Ph.D. Thesis, Rept. FM-74-5, May 1974, Mechanical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley, Calif. Tseng, R.C.J., "Flat Plate Boundary Layer Studies in a Partially Ionized Gas Flow," AS-69-14, Sept. 1969, Aeronautical Sciences Div., Mech. Engr. Dept., University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Glucose Administration Enhances fMRI Brain Activation and Connectivity Related to Episodic Memory Encoding for Neutral and Emotional Stimuli.

Glucose enhances memory in a variety of species. In humans, glucose administration enhances episodic memory encoding, although little is known regarding the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Here we examined whether elevating blood glucose would enhance functional MRI (fMRI) activation and connectivity in brain regions associated with episodic memory encoding and whether these effects would differ depending on the emotional valence of the material. We used a double-blind, within-participants, crossover design in which either glucose (50 g) or a saccharin placebo were administered before scanning, on days approximately 1 week apart. We scanned healthy young male participants with fMRI as they viewed emotionally arousing negative pictures and emotionally neutral pictures, intermixed with baseline fixation. Free recall was tested at 5 min after scanning and again after 1 day. Glucose administration increased activation in brain regions associated with successful episodic memory encoding. Glucose also enhanced activation in regions whose activity was correlated with subsequent successful recall, including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and other regions, and these effects differed for negative vs. neutral stimuli. Finally, glucose substantially increased functional connectivity between the hippocampus and amygdala and a network of regions previously implicated in successful episodic memory encoding. These findings fit with evidence from nonhuman animals indicating glucose modulates memory by selectively enhancing neural activity in brain regions engaged during memory tasks. Our results highlight the modulatory effects of glucose and the importance of examining both regional changes in activity and functional connectivity to fully characterize the effects of glucose on brain function and memory.
Molecular cloning of rat liver 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and identification of structurally related proteins from rat lung and kidney.

Abstract 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and related enzymes play important roles in the metabolism of endogenous compounds including androgens, corticosteroid, prostaglandins and bile acids, as well as drugs and xenobiotics such as benzo(a)pyrene. Complementary DNA clones encoding 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were isolated from a rat liver cDNA lambda gt11 expression library using monoclonal antibodies as probes. A full-length cDNA clone of 1286 base pairs contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 322 amino acids with an estimated Mw of 37 kD. When expressed in E. coli, the encoded protein migrated to the same position on SDS-polycrylamide gels as the enzyme in rat liver cytosols. The protein expressed in bacteria was highly active in androsterone oxidation in the presence of NAD as cofactor and this activity was inhibited by indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The predicted amino acid sequence of 3α-hydroxysteroid d dehydrogenase was related to sequences of several other aldo-keto reductases such as bovine prostaglandin F synthase, human chlordecone reductase, human aldose reductase, human aldehyde reductase and frog lens epsilon-crystallin, suggesting that these proteins belong to the same gene family. Recently, we have found that monoclonal antibodies against 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase also recognized multiple antigenically related proteins in rat lung, kidney and testis. Further screening of liver, lung and kidney cDNA libraries using these monoclonal antibodies as probes resulted in the isolation of additional five different cDNAs encoding proteins with high degree of structural homology to rat liver 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
Real-Time Multi-Color Techniques for Identification and Filtering of Burst Signals in Jet Engine Pyrometers

A Multi-color Pyrometry (MCP) experiment was carried out on a aircraft engine to study the nature of hot particulate bursts generated from the combustor at certain engine conditions. These bursts of hot particulates lead to intermittent high-voltage signal output from the line-of-sight (LOS) pyrometer which is ultimately detected and used by the onboard Digital Engine Controller (DEC).The investigation used a high-speed MCP system designed to detect bursts and identify their properties. Results of the radiant temperature, multi-color temperature and apparent emissivity are presented. The results indicated that the apparent emissivity calculated during the signal burst was lower than that of the blade. The root cause for the signal burst was identified as soot particles generated as by-product of combustion under certain conditions.A digital filter technique is developed to send reliable temperature signal to DEC for robust engine control even under the engine bursting conditions. Simulink model is used to simulate the performances of the design and showed great promise for engine control.© 2013 ASME
Deep Knee Activities: In Vitro Kinematic Measurements to Compare With In Vivo Studies

Deep knee flexion is required for many activities of daily living during work, exercise, religious worship, and hobbies. Walker et al. [1] found that activities such as rising from a low chair or getting into or out of bath require between 100° and 160° of knee flexion. Other activities such as kneeling or squatting to pick an item off the ground can be difficult with a limited range of motion. Beside deep knee flexion being important for daily living activities, it is essential in non-Western cultures that commonly sit in deep knee-bending positions.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Low capacitance large volume shaped-field germanium detector

A large-volume (150 cm/sup 3/) germanium detector with a full-depletion capacitance of only approximately=1 pf has been fabricated. The effect of impurity space charge was utilized to obtain an appropriate electric field distribution in the detector so that carriers are collected on a small-area electrode. Detectors based on this principle are capable of very-low-noise operation and have immediate applications in experiments for the direct detection of dark matter. Detector pulse shapes and carrier-trapping effects were also examined for possible applications involving higher energy radiations. >
Introduction to a Special Section: American Shad and River Herring

The American shad Alosa sapidissima once ranked among the top two or three commercial fisheries in the United States and was rated among the choicest fish to eat (Blackford 1916). It was one of the first North American species to be artificially propagated (Clift 1872) and was introduced into numerous water bodies (see Hasselman et al. 2012 for a history of its transfer to West Coast waters). Similarly, its congeners, the alewife A. pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis (together known as river herring), constituted important commercial and subsistence fisheries during the first several hundred years following the appearance of Europeans in North America. The early colonists marveled at the sheer abundance of these fish in American waters, especially the massive spawning migrations of anadromous herrings. Coastwide, American shad ran in the tens of millions and river herring probably numbered in the hundreds ofmillions or billions into the early nineteenth century. Over the next two centuries, the all too familiar threesome of overfishing, habitat loss, and pollution decimated populations (Limburg and Waldman 2009). Today, fisheries are closed in many states to allow stocks to rebuild, and river herring are listed as a species of concern under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (as of this writing, they are under consideration for listing as threatened). There is renewed interest in these long marginalized fish, as managers and researchers begin to understand their ecological, cultural, and economic importance and advocate for ways to restore their abundance. This was evidenced at a 2-d symposium held at the 140th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society in Pittsburgh. Sufficient interest was generated to produce this special section of 16 articles. We thank our coeditors, namely, Kristin Miller, Anthony Overton, and John Waldman, as well asMarine and Coastal Fisheries editor-in-chief Donald Noakes and journals production coordinator Laura Hendee. We would also like to acknowledge the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northeast Region, Mid-Atlantic Fishery Resources Office, for its generous sponsorship of the publication. We dedicate this special section to the memory of two special biologists: Joseph Loesch and John Olney. Both scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS), Joe passed away in June 2009 and John died an untimely death in January 2010. Both headed up VIMS’s Anadromous Fish Program during their careers. Joe and John made fundamental contributions to the scientific understanding of blueback herring andAmerican shad, respectively.We know they would be proud to see this collection of articles.
Characterizing uncertainty aversion through preference for mixtures

Uncertainty aversion is often modelled as (strict) quasi-concavity of preferences over uncertain acts. A theory of uncertainty aversion may be characterized by the pairs of acts for which strict preference for a mixture between them is permitted. This paper provides such a characterization for two leading representations of uncertainty averse preferences; those of Schmeidler [24] (Choquet expected utility or CEU) and of Gilboa and Schmeidler [16] (maxmin expected utility with a non-unique prior or MMEU). This characterization clarifies the relation between the two theories.
Assessment and Risk Ranking of Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Bridges for Shear

Large numbers of conventionally reinforced concrete bridges remaining in service are lightly reinforced for shear. State-of-the-art assessment of these bridges for shear requires consideration of shear and moment interaction. An assessment and risk-ranking methodology is proposed that incorporates moment-shear interaction. From analyses of vehicle loads on indeterminate bridge models, maximum moment and maximum shear are not coincident at intermediate support locations. Determining the critical combination of shear and moment requires evaluation of envelope values from shear-moment load histories for comparison with capacity curves. Capacity of the sections is determined by using AASHTO modified compression field theory, and statistical understrength is based on experimental test results. Comparison of the load effects and capacity is demonstrated for an in-service bridge to determine the reliability index (measure of relative risk) at sections along a girder. The reliability index can be used to establis...
Algorithms for care in adults using continuous glucose monitoring.

Glucose monitoring technology has evolved significantly since the early years of urine glucose testing. Although today's continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices show great promise for improving diabetes management, we are only beginning to understand how to use this technology. This presentation discusses some proposed clinician strategies for utilizing CGM data with patients.
Scaling a simplex

A least-squares solution for scaling the variables of a Guttman simplex is developed. The procedure yields a ratio scale, two varieties of interval scale, and orders the variables. A measure of the goodness of fit of the scale to the data is suggested. An example of the application of the method is given. The problem of non-positive correlations is discussed.
VERMEULENIA – A NEW GENUS OF ORCHIDS

SUMMARY The new genus Vermeulenia is separated from the collective genus Orchis to accomodate the section Labelloinlegrae. It includes the species V. papilionacea, V. caspia, V. saccata, V. chlorotica, and V. fedtschenkoi, the transfer of which is validated. In addition to morphological differences, the new genus is characterized by smaller chromosomes and the basic chromosome number x = 8. The chromosome number 2n = 32 is confirmed from Italian material of V. papilionacea.
Familial diabetes mellitus

Description d'un diabete atypique survenant chez un noir, avec heredite autosomale dominante, severite clinique variable et insulinopenie