cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Locations of channel heads in the semiarid Colorado Front Range, USA

Abstract The channel head, defined as the upstream boundary of concentrated water flow and sediment transport between definable banks, represents the transition from hillslope processes to fluvial processes. The ability to delineate the location along a slope at which channels initiate is important for understanding hydrologic and geomorphic processes governing headwater streams. Studies demonstrating an inverse relationship between either contributing drainage area ( A ) and local valley slope ( θ ) or basin length ( L ) and θ for channel heads come primarily from regions with humid climates. Seventy-eight channel heads were mapped in the headwaters of rivers in the semiarid Colorado Front Range. Multiple field sites were chosen to account for variability from aspect and elevation. Surface topographic parameters were measured in the field and analyzed to test the hypothesis that surface processes control channel initiation in this region. Although simple linear regressions indicate a poor inverse relationship between A and L and no relationship between L and θ , multiple regressions indicate that surface topographic parameters explain over half the variability in the location of channel heads. This suggests that surface processes exert an influence on channel initiation, but do not explain as much of the variability as observed in previous studies from wetter regions. A threshold of erosion necessary to initiate a channel was observed at ~ 10,000 m 2 for A , although values as high as 600,000 m 2 were mapped for some channel heads. Variation within the study area correlated with elevation, which is a proxy for differences in volume and type of precipitation; sites at lower elevation with less precipitation, but more intense convective rainfall, tend to have smaller contributing area and basin length. Aspect did not influence surface topographic parameters. We interpret the results to reflect surface and subsurface influences on channel initiation. Nearly 70% of the mapped channel heads coincide with constrictions created by weathered bedrock knobs, suggesting that local factors strongly influence channel initiation once the threshold for contributing area is exceeded. Field-mapped channel head locations plot at or downslope from the inflection point of a regional slope–area curve generated from 10 m DEMs, although some extend well downslope into the region assumed to be dissected by alluvial channels. Most actual drainage areas for channel initiation are thus an order of magnitude larger, and plot in a significantly different portion of the slope–area graph, than would result from the widespread practice of assuming channel heads are located at the gradient reversal in such curves.
Calcific tendinitis of the gluteus maximus tendon (Gluteus maximus tendinitis)

Seven cases of calcific tendinitis of the gluteus maximus tendon are presented. Awareness of the precise anatomic location of the calcific deposit is essential for the accurate diagnosis of this uncommon site of tendinitis. Clinically, the presenting complaint is that of pain. In some instances, however, the patients are asymptomatic and the calcification is an incidental finding.
Angioplasty/stenting of the superior mesenteric artery and celiac trunk: early and late outcomes.

Purpose:To analyze the early results and durability of angioplasty/stenting of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and celiac trunk (CT).Methods:Twenty-two patients (19 women; mean age 69.2 years,...
Serotypic Similarity and Diversity of Rotaviruses of Mammalian and Avian Origin as Studied by Plaque-Reduction Neutralization

A total of 16 different strains of rotavirus derived from seven mammalian species (four each from human and porcine species, two each from equine and simian species, and one each from canine and bovine species) and two avian species (one each from turkeys and chickens) were examined in plaque-reduction neutralization tests. Seven antigenically distinct serotypes were established on the basis of a greater than or equal to 20-fold difference between titers of homologous and heterologous reciprocal neutralizing antibodies. Serotypes 1 (strain Wa) and 2 (strain DS-1) were recovered only from humans. Serotype 3 included human rotavirus strain WALK 57/14, rhesus monkey rotavirus strain MMU18006 , vervet monkey rotavirus strain SA-11, dog rotavirus strain CU-1, and horse rotavirus strain H-2. The newly established serotype 4 was identified in both humans (strain St. Thomas no. 4) and pigs (strains Gottfried , SB-1A, and SB-2). Porcine (strain OSU ) and equine (strain H-1) rotaviruses made up a possible fifth serotype. Bovine rotavirus (strain NCDV) constituted a sixth serotype, and chicken rotavirus (strain Ch 2), which had a prime-strain relation with turkey rotavirus (strain Ty 1), was designated serotype 7. A surprising observation that emerged from this study was the existence of a rotavirus (porcine strain SB-1A) bridging serotypes 4 and 5.
Hamilton-Jacobi Quantization of General Relativity

It is shown that the family of solutions of the Einstein field equations, determined by a solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equations, is characterized by a complete commuting set of constants of the motion. It is then pointed out that the quantization program based on the utilization of the transition from the Hamilton-Jacobi equations to the corresponding Schr\"odinger equations yields a quantum thoery of gravitation which is "frozen" (that is, it contains no dynamics), thus suffering from the same malady as does the canonical quantization program.
Centralgenic motoneuron bursts accompanying various gill plate movements in Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus).

Abstract 1. 1. Motoneuron bursts, which underly ventilatory, hyperventilatory and swimming muscle activity in intact animals, can be generated by the isolated CNS of Limulus without proprioceptive feedback. 2. 2. Ventilatory motoneuron bursts involve low frequency firing of a small number of different sized spikes. During hyperventilation, several larger spikes become active, and the firing frequency of the smaller spikes increases. Swimming bursts include large and small spikes all firing at high frequencies. 3. 3. Longitudinal bisection of the opisthosomal ganglia causes desynchronization of the ventilatory motoneuron bursts from contralateral hemiganglia, while swimming bursts remain normally synchronized.
Training an Army of Security Ninjas

At Adobe, the Asset (Adobe Software Security Engineering Team) Certification Program has changed people's attitudes toward software security. This in turn has influenced how employees develop software and fix reported issues. In addition, employees' increased awareness and understanding has allowed Asset to transition from teaching basic concepts to having more in-depth conversations about software security.
Recent progress on symplectic embedding problems in four dimensions

We survey some recent progress on understanding when one four-dimensional symplectic manifold can be symplectically embedded into another. In 2010, McDuff established a number-theoretic criterion for the existence of a symplectic embedding of one four-dimensional ellipsoid into another. This result is related to previously known criteria for when a disjoint union of balls can be symplectically embedded into a ball. Numerical invariants defined using embedded contact homology give general obstructions to symplectic embeddings in four dimensions which turn out to be sharp in the above cases.
The PPARδ agonist GW501516 suppresses interleukin‐6‐mediated hepatocyte acute phase reaction via STAT3 inhibition

Background Interleukin-6 and downstream liver effectors acute phase reactants are implicated in the systemic inflammatory reaction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPAR δ ), which binds to and is activated by a variety of fatty acids, was recently shown to have anti-inflammatory actions.
Redefining the genetic risk for Huntington disease

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the clinical triad of motor, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities. The underlying genetic cause of HD is a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene on chromosome 4.1 CAG expansions above 39 account for the vast majority of HD presentations, but CAG expansions in the 36–39 range confer incomplete penetrance with some individuals developing the disease. CAG expansions in the 27–35 range, accounting for perhaps as much as 6% of HTT alleles in the general population,2 are referred to as intermediate alleles (IA)3; this range confers meiotic instability and can expand into the HD range when passed to subsequent generations. It remains controversial whether IA can cause HD despite several recent reports of clinical HD in IA carriers.4
Alteration in Sodium Channel Gate Kinetics of the Hodgkin-Huxley Equations Applied to an Electric Field Model for Interaction Between Excitable Cells

An electric field model for electrical transmission of excitation between adjacent myocardial cells, without the necessity of low-resistance connections between the cells, is further developed. The voltage dependency of the membrane conductances was modeled by the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. A major assumption of the model is that the pre-and postjunctional membranes are excitable. The bulk electrical properties (capacitance, conductivity, etc.) of the junctional membranes may be the same as those of the surface membranes. We showed that a modification of the dynamics of the fast sodium channel gates of the junctional membranes (controlled by the m and h parameters) can be employed as a mechanism to secure propagation of an impulse. The propagation velocity was determined primarily by the dynamics of the junctional membranes, and was essentially independent of the rate of rise of the surface units. Propagation at a constant velocity occurred when the electric field model was expanded to a chain of six cells. Thus, the electric field model, based on closely apposed and excitable junctional membranes, could account for propagation in cardiac muscle, and may apply under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Liver Abscess Following Transarterial Chemoembolization

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone or in combination with thermoablation is commonly used in treating primary and secondary liver malignancies.1,2 It has proven to be safe and effective in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), neuroendocrine tumors, ocular melanoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and sarcoma. Known complications from hepatic embolization include the self-limiting postembolization syndrome (i.e., pain, nausea, vomiting, fever), liver infarction, liver failure, liver abscess, biloma formation, gastrointestinal bleeding, tumor rupture, septicemia, and pulmonary embolism. Approximately 5% of patients will have serious adverse events after chemoembolization, with the most common being liver abscess or liver infarction.1 This case reviews the incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of liver abscess following chemoembolization as well as prophylactic measures to prevent its occurrence.
Behavioral Systems: Understanding Behavioral Contingencies in Relation to Cultural Contingencies

This issue of JOBM presents the second part of our special collection of articles in tribute to the work of our pioneering colleagues (Brethower, 1982; Malott, 2003; Rummler, 2004). As with the pre...
A C++ Class for Rule-Base Objects

A C++ class, called Tripod, was created as a tool to assist with the development of rule-base decision support systems. The Tripod class contains data structures for the rule-base and member functions for operating on the data. The rule-base is defined by three ASCII files. These files are translated by a preprocessor into a single file that is located when a rule-base object is instantiated. The Tripod class was tested as part of a proto-type decision support system (DSS) for winter highway maintenance in the Intermountain West. The DSS is composed of two principal modules: the main program, called the wrapper, and a Tripod rule-base object. The wrapper is a procedural module that interfaces with remote sensors and an external meterological database. The rule-base contains the logic for advising an inexperienced user and for assisting with the decision making process.
Optical properties of the nitrogen-vacancy singlet levels in diamond

We report measurements of the optical properties of the 1042 nm transition of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in type-1b diamond. The results indicate that the upper level of this transition couples to the ${m}_{s}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ sublevels of the $^{3}E$ excited state and is short lived with a lifetime of $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ns}$. The lower level is shown to have a temperature-dependent lifetime of 462(10) ns at 4.4 K and 219(3) ns at 295 K. The light-polarization dependence of 1042 nm absorption confirms that the transition is between orbitals of ${A}_{1}$ and $E$ character. The results shed light on the NV level structure and optical pumping mechanism.
Comparison of reflected GPS wind speed retrievals with dropsondes in tropical cyclones

[1] In an earlier communication, data were presented that demonstrated that quasi-specular, L-Band reflection measurements could be used to infer ocean surface winds. Applying an indirect calibration technique, a mean square slope versus surface wind speed was developed and reported. Retrievals using this calibration showed that the resulting surface wind speeds were comparable with other measurements. This report extends the previous results by presenting direct comparisons between GPS dropwindsonde (dropsonde)-reported wind speeds and the Bi-static GPS wind speed retrievals for data sets acquired in 2008. Editing of the Bi-static GPS data will be discussed that takes into effect overland and inside-the-eye winnowing. Data will be presented with a regression line to determine the comparative relationship. It will be shown that good agreement exists between the reflected Bi-static GPS retrieved winds and those reported by the dropsondes when certain well-defined types of data are excluded.
Wall shear stress and strain modulate experimental aneurysm cellularity.

Abstract Objective: Clinical evidence indicates that hemodynamic conditions influence abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. We modified blood flow to evaluate the effects of wall shear stress (WSS) and relative wall strain (RWS) on aneurysm structure and cellularity. Methods: Rodent AAAs were created with porcine pancreatic elastase infusion. In group 1 AAA WSS was increased with left femoral arteriovenous fistula creation, whereas in group 2 AAA WSS was decreased with left iliac artery ligation. Aortic flow, wall motion, and blood pressure were recorded in both groups. AAA diameter, endothelial and smooth muscle cellularity (CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin immunostaining), markers for cell proliferation (5-bromodeoxyuridine), endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth factor production (vascular endothelial growth factor-D and platelet-derived growth factor-β, respectively), and apoptosis (deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeled [TUNEL] stain) were compared between groups when the animals were killed. Results: Arteriovenous fistula creation increased WSS (high-flow AAA) by 300% and RWS by 150%. Iliac ligation reduced WSS (low-flow AAA) by 60%. Neither procedure significantly altered systolic, diastolic, or mean aortic pressure. When the animals were killed 7 days after elastase infusion, low-flow AAAs were significantly larger than high-flow AAAs. High-flow AAAs also contained more endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and evidence of increased growth factor production, cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. No difference in type or severity of AAA inflammatory cell infiltrate was noted between groups. Conclusions: High flow conditions stimulate endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation in experimental aneurysms. Enhanced cellularity may stabilize aortic integrity, limiting aneurysm growth. Increased lower extremity activity may prevent or retard AAA disease through salutary effects on aortic remodeling mediated by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. (J Vasc Surg 2003;37:1067-74.)
Insulin stimulates phosphorylation of serine residues in soluble insulin receptors.

Summary Using lectin affinity-purified receptor preparations from human hepatoma cells, insulin (10 −7 M) specifically stimulated phosphorylation of the 95,000 dalton (beta) subunit of its own receptor. Phospho-amino acid analysis of the receptor subunit revealed that insulin increased at least 2.5-fold the content of phosphoserine and of phosphotyrosine. In intact cells, the major effect of insulin is to increase the phosphoserine content of its receptor. These findings are the first demonstration of an insulin-stimulated serine kinase in a cell-free system.
The role of employee ownership in privatization of state enterprises in Eastern and Central Europe

The paper considers the various theoretical and practical arguments for and against the role of employee ownership in privatisation of state enterprises in Eastern and Central Europe. It argues that employee ownership should not be regarded as an end per se but one of the possible methods of transferring ownership from state to the private sector in the course of transition.
Effects of neck and circumoesophageal connective lesions on posture and locomotion in the cockroach

Few studies in arthropods have documented to what extent local control centers in the thorax can support locomotion in absence of inputs from head ganglia. Posture, walking, and leg motor activity was examined in cockroaches with lesions of neck or circumoesophageal connectives. Early in recovery, cockroaches with neck lesions had hyper-extended postures and did not walk. After recovery, posture was less hyper-extended and animals initiated slow leg movements for multiple cycles. Neck lesioned individuals showed an increase in walking after injection of either octopamine or pilocarpine. The phase of leg movement between segments was reduced in neck lesioned cockroaches from that seen in intact animals, while phases in the same segment remained constant. Neither octopamine nor pilocarpine initiated changes in coordination between segments in neck lesioned individuals. Animals with lesions of the circumoesophageal connectives had postures similar to intact individuals but walked in a tripod gait for extended periods of time. Changes in activity of slow tibial extensor and coxal depressor motor neurons and concomitant changes in leg joint angles were present after the lesions. This suggests that thoracic circuits are sufficient to produce leg movements but coordinated walking with normal motor patterns requires descending input from head ganglia.
Chilling relieves corm dormancy in Calopogon tuberosus (Orchidaceae) from geographically distant populations

Many plant species require a chilling period to commence regrowth from overwintering structures such as buds, corms, tubers, and rhizomes. While the effects of chilling have been thoroughly studied in a horticultural context, little information exists regarding the relationship between ecotypic differentiation and chilling requirements. Effects of chilling storage organs on shoot emergence of widespread orchid species has not been examined, and ecotypic differentiation in the Orchidaceae has also received little attention. The effects of chilling on corm dormancy in Calopogon tuberosus, a widespread orchid of eastern North America, were studied. Seeds were collected from south Florida, north central Florida, South Carolina, and Michigan, and germinated in vitro to produce plants. After 20 weeks in vitro culture, corms were removed from seedlings and chilled for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Corms were subsequently planted in a soilless potting mix and placed under ex vitro conditions in an environmental growth chamber. Shoot emergence was monitored bi-weekly for 16 weeks, and shoot length, leaf number, leaf width, root number, root length, and corm diameter were measured after 16 weeks. Longer chilling periods broke corm dormancy more effectively than shorter chilling treatments regardless of population. Shoots of all populations sprouted rapidly on corms after 6 and 8 weeks chilling. In addition, a higher percentage of shoots sprouted on corms after 8 weeks chilling. After 16 weeks, north central Florida and South Carolina plantlets were larger than Michigan and south Florida plantlets. Differing chilling requirements among C. tuberosus populations may reflect ecotypic differentiation resulting from varying environmental conditions at each site.
Jung'S Theory of Archetypes: A Critique

This critique examines Jung's theory of archetypes, which underpins much of his other work. The critique focuses on Jung's belief that the origins of archetypes (and their basis in the collective u...
Young man with progressive weight loss, fevers, and a hilar mass

Answers on p 693 A 27 year old white man with no significant past medical history presented with progressive malaise and fatigue for one month. Two weeks before admission he had developed a cough productive of yellow-green sputum. He had also noted fevers as high as 104.9°F (40.5°C) with chills and rigors. The patient reported unintentional weight loss of approximately 20 pounds (9 kg) over the preceding six months. He worked as a computer technician, had a 10 pack year history of smoking, with modest alcohol intake and …
When social networking meets online games: the activity system of grouping in world of warcraft

Using activity theory and genre theory as bases for analysis, this article examines the activity of grouping in the massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft. The article first examines what grouping does in the overall context of the game, including its socialization and gameplay functions. Grouping involves a series of interactions and conventions that structure gameplay objectives and model expected behavior. Groups are formed through specific interfaces in the game that enact social networking processes and can be examined comparatively alongside web-based social networking technologies. By looking at interface design, the article identifies how grouping as an activity is mediated and what social expectations are put in place when players participate in groups.Next, the article considers the role of other texts in the activity system of grouping, focusing on two examples: the game FAQ and message board. The FAQ is especially noteworthy as an instance of player-produced technical writing. Players write FAQs to document basic game information, present game strategies and walkthroughs, and help other players solve problems. As a genre, this type of FAQ is characterized by a number of tensions that can productively challenge how we think about the conventions of electronic and printed text. FAQ writers make different kinds of rhetorical moves that situate the text within the larger activity of gaming and outline specific purposes and audiences. The FAQ is also examined here in the context of message board interaction, which is used in part for more localized discourse that the FAQ does not address specifically. Working at various levels of abstraction and consolidation, this system of online texts mediates group activity and provides a space for extra-game interactions to directly influence the in-game interactions and behaviors of players (and vice versa).
Pentametrocrinus atlanticus (Perrier) (Crinoidea: Echinodermata): A Review

Summary Previous descriptions of Pentametrocrinus atlantis (Perrier) disagree with new material and with specimens already reported upon. The species is redescribed and the discrepancies between this report and those of earlier authors are discussed. The known distribution is extended in the western Atlantic to the Blake Plateau and is found to correspond with that of deep-water, ahermatypic coral banks.
Multiscale Modeling of Hot Spots in GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors

A coupled Lattice Boltzmann (LB)-Finite Difference (FD) method is used to solve for the heat transport in a 6 finger GaN high electron mobility transistor. The LB method is used to capture relevant phonon physics near a microscopic heat generation region by solving the Boltzmann Transport Equation, while an FD model is used to capture the thermal transport at the macroscopic level. The coupling region between the LB and FD domains, which enables multiscale modeling, is discussed. The results of the multiscale models were compared to results generated from other numerical methods. An increasing departure from diffusion theory is observed with increasing dissipated power under the gray phonon model. This difference is attributed to a combination of boundary scattering effects as well as phonon confinement within the small dimensions of the hot spot.© 2009 ASME
Identifying Optimal Predictor Composites and Testing for Generalizability across Jobs and Performance Factors.

The initial examination of validity generalization in the Army Selection and Classification Project used data from a concurrent validation sample of 4,039 job incumbents drawn from a representative sample of nine jobs. The available data consisted of 24 predictor scores and five job performance factor scores on each individual. The major objectives were to determine (a) the degree of validity generalization across the major components of performance, with the job held constant, and (b) the degree of validity generalization across jobs within each major performance factor. After reducing the predictor set by eliminating variables that added no information, a modified confirmatory analysis was used to test the hypotheses that one equation would fit the data from all performance components and that one equation would fit the data from all jobs, given a particular performance component. The major findings were that different predictor equations were needed for each of the five criterion factors. For generalization across jobs, within each criterion factor, one equation fit the data for four of the five performance components. Different prediction equations were required for the component that reflects proficiency on the technical tasks specific to each job.
Quantitation of the common components of deoxyribonucleic acids by mass spectrometry: application to the analysis of DNAs of unusual composition

A mass spectral method for the quantitation of the percentages of deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine in intact DNAs has been devised. Standard curves for each nucleoside have been constructed which are based upon the observation that a direct correlation exists between the heights (% deflection) of diagnostic peaks from these nucleosides in a mass spectrum and the published percent composition of specific DNAs. Analyses of DNA from Clostridiumperfringens, Micrococcusluteus, Escherichiacoli, Bacillussubtilis, Pseudomonasfluorescens, Drosophilamelanogaster, salmon sperm, and bacteriophage lambda were used to determine standard curves. The validity of the method was demonstrated by comparison of the results from the mass spectral procedure with results from the chemical analyses of the DNAs from calf thymus and wheat germ. Analysis of OX-174 DNA yielded values consistent with the published values obtained via sequence analysis and indicated that the method is applicable to both single and double-stranded DNAs. Results from T2 DNA, which contains no cytidine, exhibited artificially high values for adenosine, guanosine and thymidine with concomitant alteration in the A/T and G/C molar ratios. Such skewed results are useful in predicting the presence of modified nucleosides. The extreme sensitivity of the method has been exploited in the analysis of subnanogram quantities of restriction endonuclease fragments from DNA.
An Efficient FFT Engine With Reduced Addressing Logic

In this study, an improved butterfly structure and an address generation method for fast Fourier transform (FFT) are presented. The proposed method uses reduced logic to generate the addresses, avoiding the parity check and barrel shifters commonly used in FFT implementations. A general methodology for radix-2 N-point transforms is derived and the signal flow graph for a 16-point FFT is presented. Furthermore, as a case study, a 16-point FFT with 32-bit complex numbers is synthesized using a CMOS 0.18 mum technology. The circuit gate count analysis indicates that significant logic reduction can be achieved with improved throughput compared to the conventional implementations.
Examination of a software-test cost model

Testing any software system is a formidable challenge. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to isolate the costs involved in software testing and to study how the scheduling of software tests impacts the overall test costs. A formal model of software test costs is presented and the results of all-orderings evaluation of possible test schedules is reported, together with results interpretable as indicating that, under described conditions, the variation of total test cost across all schedules is insufficient to warrant intensive effort to determine the optimal schedule. >
An Analysis of Variance Approach to Content Validation

Although procedures for assessing content validity have been widely publicized for many years, Hinkin noted that there continue to be problems with the content validity of measures used in organizational research. Anderson and Gerbing, and Schriesheim, Powers, Scandura, Gardiner, and Lankau discussed the problems associated with typical content validity assessment and presented techniques that can be used to assess the empirical distinctiveness of a set of survey items. This article reviews these techniques and presents an analysis of variance procedure that can provide a higher degree of confidence in determining item integrity and scale content validity. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by using two samples and two different measures.
3D audio augmented reality: implementation and experiments

Augmented reality (AR) presentations may be visual or auditory. Auditory presentation has the potential to provide hands-free and visually non-obstructing cues. Recently, we have developed a 3D audio wearable system that can be used to provide alerts and informational cues to a mobile user in such a manner as to appear to emanate from specific locations in the user's environment. In order to study registration errors in 3D audio AR representations, we conducted a perceptual training experiment in which visual and auditory cues were presented to observers. The results of this experiment suggest that perceived registration errors may be reduced through head movement and through training presentations that include both visual and auditory cues.
Overheating In Silicon During Pulsed-Laser Irradiation?

Nanosecond resolution time-resolved x-ray diffraction measurements of thermal strain have been used to measure the interface temperatures in silicon during pulsed-laser irradiation. The pulsed-time-structure of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) was used to measure the temperature of the liquid-solid interface of silicon during melting with an interface velocity of 11 m/s, at a time of near zero velocity, and at a regrowth velocity of 6 m/s. The results of these measurements indicate 110/sup 0/K difference between the temperature of the interface during melting and regrowth, and the measurement at zero velocity shows that most of the difference is associated with undercooling during the regrowth phase.
Actively Shielded High-Field Air-Core Superconducting Machines

This paper describes an approach for obtaining very high power density in an electrical machine by significantly increasing the air-gap magnetic flux density and eliminating the ferromagnetic steel traditionally employed to carry and shield magnetic flux. A novel concept is used to address a key challenge with this topology, that of containing the magnetic fields within the machine. An arrangement of main coils and a set of compensating coils, inspired by actively shielded magnetic resonance imaging magnet designs, are employed to cancel out the field outside the machine without the use of iron while maintaining air-gap field levels that are three to five times greater than conventional machines. For an example 10-MW motor study, the outer diameter is reduced by 35%, with corresponding weight reduction, using only 17% more superconductors.
Design and computational analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a revolutionary tool that allows us to address scientific questions that eluded examination just a few years ago. With the advantages of scRNA-seq come computational challenges that are just beginning to be addressed. In this article, we highlight the computational methods available for the design and analysis of scRNA-seq experiments, their advantages and disadvantages in various settings, the open questions for which novel methods are needed, and expected future developments in this exciting area.
Development and evaluation of low friction TiSiCN nanocomposite coatings for piston ring applications

Abstract To minimize the frictional losses and wear of piston rings in an automotive engine, thick low friction TiSiCN nanocomposite coatings have been developed. The coatings were deposited by sputtering titanium targets in argon, nitrogen, hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSN), and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) using plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS). The substrates were AISI 304 stainless steel coupons and piston rings with bore diameters of 137 mm and 86 mm. The elemental composition and microstructure of the coatings were optimized by varying the HMDSN and C 2 H 2 flow rates separately to achieve a combination of excellent adhesion, good mechanical properties, low coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate. The optimized TiSiCN coatings exhibited a typical nanocomposite structure which showed excellent adhesion and dry COF in the range of 0.17 to 0.2 using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The tribological performance of the coated piston rings was evaluated using Plint TE77 tests in SAE 10W-30 diesel engine oil. The TE77 tests showed a 10% reduction in the COF (0.058) of the optimized coating compared to the uncoated baseline (0.065) at test conditions of 20 Hz, 30 N, and 25 mm stroke length. Finally, the coated rings were evaluated in a single cylinder gasoline engine using SAE 5W-20 engine oil and in a heavy duty diesel engine using 4.1% sooted SAE 10W-30 diesel engine oil. The gasoline engine test showed that the uncoated piston rings contributed 25% to 34% of the frictional loss in two separate baseline engine tests. In contrast, the coated rings contributed to 18% of the total frictional loss in the engine test. The diesel engine durability test showed a 28% and 40% lower ring weight loss for the coated top and second rings, respectively, as compared to the uncoated baseline. In addition, the cylinder liner, which was not coated, showed an average 50% lower wear than that in the uncoated baseline engine test.
The Theory of Entrepreneurial Intentionality

Entrepreneurial intention represents one of the two major inputs of the Entrepreneurial Value Creation Theory. Although the phenomenon of intention is not unique to entrepreneurship, it nonetheless represents a crux within the Stage 1—Formulation, meaning that it is a necessary but not sufficient condition within the overall entrepreneurial process. Without intention, entrepreneurial opportunity as the second major input of Stage 1—Formulation may go unnoticed, at least in the Kirznerian (1973) sense. Specifically, the Theory of Entrepreneurial Intentionality presented in this chapter delineates and explains the developmental processes that encompass and drive entrepreneurial intention relative to our thinking and acting and relative to adaptability.
Phallic Reinnervation via the Pudendal Nerve

AbstractTotal phallic reconstruction presents the genitourinary reconstructive surgeon with one of the most difficult surgical challenges. The development of microsurgical techniques and free tissue transfers have advanced phallic reconstruction by reducing the number of surgical procedures and by allowing more selectivity in choosing the best innervated donor tissue. During the last 5 years 16 patients underwent total phallic reconstruction using free tissue transfers from distant donor sites. The pudendal nerve was coapted routinely to the major sensory nerves of the donor free flap.The most accurate objective baseline parameters of penile sensibility are pressure and vibratory thresholds, and electrically evoked potentials. We examined 30 normal subjects and 7 patients at least 1 year postoperatively for penile (phallic) sensibility. A pressure aesthesiometer, a biothesiometer and electrodiagnostic studies were used for testing. The 7 postoperative patients (in all of whom the pudendal nerve was incorp...
Media, Markets, and Democracy: The Problem of Externalities

The most commonly recognized reason for markets to produce “inefficient” or non-wealth-maximizing results is “transaction costs” that prevent some costs and some benefits from being brought to bear on the actions or decision making of market participants. The consequence of this failure is often described as an externality. Pollution is a standard example of a negative externality; a beautiful landscape freely observable by the public exemplifies a positive externality. If negative impacts of an activity are not brought to bear on the decision making of the actor, the predictable result is too much of an activity. The converse is true for positive externalities; if positive effects are not brought to bear, not made into an incentive, the result is too little of the activity. Failure to bring these effects to bear can also lead the actor to behave in a less than optimal manner (e.g., to fail to install a cheap and effective pollution control device). “Giving the audience what it wants” can only sensibly mean doing so within some cost constraint. Usually the person who invokes the notion means that the audience should get what it wants given its willingness to pay the cost . Many people would like to see Broadway-quality productions at their neighborhood theaters, but this observation is not thought to demonstrate that giving audiences what they want requires making this opportunity available to them for the cost of a movie ticket. “Giving the audience what it wants” means giving it a Broadway-quality production only if the audience is willing to pay its real or actual cost.
Defining Womanhood: Lucretia Coffin Mott and the Transformation of Femininity.

Kenneth Burke claims that “bridging devices”; are important symbolic tools for overcoming division within a social order. This study investigates the use of “bridging devices”; through an analysis of an early feminist text: Lucretia Coffin Mott's “Discourse on Woman”; (1849). Mott uses the Quaker concept of the “inner light”; to balance the tension between her conservative cultural milieu and her radical goals. Mott's rhetoric is instructive for modern feminists who face the task of uniting women with widely disparate cultural roots.
Towards an Efficient Top-K Trajectory Similarity Query Processing Algorithm for Big Trajectory Data on GPGPUs

Through the use of location-sensing devices, it has been possible to collect very large datasets of trajectories. These datasets make it possible to issue spatio-temporal queries with which users can gather information about the characteristics of the movements of objects, derive patterns from that information, and understand the objects themselves. Among such spatio-temporal queries that can be issued is the top-K trajectory similarity query. This query finds many applications, such as bird migration analysis in ecology and trajectory sharing in social networks. However, the large size of the trajectory query sets and databases poses significant computational challenges. In this work, we propose a parallel GPGPU algorithm Top-KaBT that is specifically designed to reduce the size of the candidate set generated while processing these queries, and in doing so strives to address these computational challenges. The experiments show that the state of the art top-K trajectory similarity query processing algorithm on GPGPUs, TKSimGPU, achieves a 6.44X speedup in query processing time when combined with our algorithm and a 13X speedup over a GPGPU algorithm that uses exhaustive search.
An Innocence Worse than Evil in The Turn of the Screw

Innocence has long been a hallmark of Romanticized childhood, and it is the special target for modernism’s disillusioned gaze. The Turn of the Screw is unparalleled, I argue, less for the highly effective way that it invites readers to imagine evil and more for the doubt that it casts on the value of childhood innocence. Innocence is as haunting, as nebulous, and as suspect, in James’s novella, as are the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. Even if the evil spirits are real, they are not the cause of the illness and death in the novel. Rather, it is the governess’s relentless pursuit and policing of the children’s innocence that results in the undoing of Flora, Miles, and the governess herself.
Phase-only synthesis of omnidirectional patterns with multiple nulls from a uniform circular array

An unconstrained optimization technique is presented for the phase-only synthesis of omnidirectional array patterns with multiple null regions from a circular array.
Policing Sexual and Reproductive Agency in U.S. Public Culture

Recent issues of Women's Studies in Communication have featured a number of key articles presenting research into U.S. discourse foregrounding women's health and self-care. Lora Arduser and Amy Koe...
Transformation of the Non-Selective Aminocyclohexanol-Based Hsp90 Inhibitor into a Grp94-Seletive Scaffold

Glucose regulated protein 94 kDa, Grp94, is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized isoform of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) that is responsible for the trafficking and maturation of toll-like receptors, immunoglobulins, and integrins. As a result, Grp94 has emerged as a therapeutic target to disrupt cellular communication, adhesion, and tumor proliferation, potentially with fewer side effects compared to pan-inhibitors of all Hsp90 isoforms. Although, the N-terminal ATP binding site is highly conserved among all four Hsp90 isoforms, recent cocrystal structures of Grp94 have revealed subtle differences between Grp94 and other Hsp90 isoforms that has been exploited for the development of Grp94-selective inhibitors. In the current study, a structure-based approach has been applied to a Grp94 nonselective compound, SNX 2112, which led to the development of 8j (ACO1), a Grp94-selective inhibitor that manifests ∼440 nM affinity and >200-fold selectivity against cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
Elite Leadership, People of Mexican Origin, and Civil Rights: Dennis Chavez and the Politics of Fair Employment

People of Mexican origin lacked broad-based mobilization for civil rights during the mid-twentieth century and failed to gain attention with national leaders unaware of the unique conditions in the...
Who Take Naps? Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Napping in Very Old Women

Background Despite the widespread belief that napping is common among older adults, little is known about the correlates of napping. We examined the prevalence and correlates of self-reported and objectively measured napping among very old women. Methods We studied 2,675 community-dwelling women (mean age 84.5 ± 3.7 years; range 79-96). Self-reported napping was defined as a report of regular napping for ≥1 hour per day. Individual objective naps were defined as ≥5 consecutive minutes of inactivity as measured by actigraphy and women were characterized as "objective nappers" if they had at least 60 minutes of naps per day. Results Seven percent of the women only had self-reported napping, 29% only had objective napping, and 14% met the criteria for both. Multinomial logistic regression showed that the independent correlates of "both subjective and objective napping" were age (per 5 year odds ratio [OR] = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.31-1.93), depressive symptoms (per SD of score, OR = 1.53; 1.32-1.77), obesity (OR =1.93; 1.42-2.61), current smoking (OR = 3.37; 1.56-7.30), heavier alcohol drinking (OR = 0.49; 0.34-0.71), history of stroke (OR = 1.56; 1.08-2.26), diabetes (OR = 2.40; 1.61-3.57), dementia (OR = 3.31; 1.27-8.62), and Parkinson's disease (OR = 7.43; 1.87-29.50). Besides, having objective napping alone was associated with age and diabetes, whereas subjective napping was associated with stroke and myocardial infarction. These associations were independent of nighttime sleep duration and fragmentation. Conclusions Daytime napping is very common in women living in their ninth decade and both subjective and objective napping were significantly related to age and comorbidities. Future studies are needed to better understand napping and its health implications.
Framing the Audience: Art and the Politics of Culture in the United States, 1929‐1945Isadora Anderson Helfgott. Temple University Press, 2015.

Framing the Audience: Art and the Politics of Culture in the United States, 1929-1945 Isadora Anderson Helfgott. Temple University Press, 2015.There have been many books, articles, and exhibitions focusing on the art of this period, some concentrating on the social realists, some on the so-called American Scene artists, and some on the abstractionists who challenged what was politically acceptable and supported by both the press and government policy. Indeed, some of the best known are those writings which documented either the attacks on modernism by the press [as in the travelling exhibition "Advancing American Art"] or those [like How New York Stole the Idea of Modern Art, by S. Guilbaut] which explained the official acceptance of modernism by both the government and the press as part of a new Cold War policy.Almost all of these publications have tended to compartmentalize the arts, with most concentrating on full-scale oil painting and its reception, or on one aspect of the artistic production, like art addressing social issues, across various artistic mediums. In addition, and this is a key element of her contribution to American cultural studies, Helfgott provides a serious examination of the ways that both the artists and the various stripes of cultural leadership worked to blur, if not entirely erase, the lines between high art and popular culture.The book consists of a substantial introduction and three major divisions: "From Revolution to Cultural Democracy: Artists Seek the People"; "Museums without Walls: Art and the Public Sphere"; and "The Triumph of American Consumerism: Corporations, Art, and Popular Culture." The titles of the six main chapters are both descriptive and instructive. Chapter One, "'To Speak of and to the People': Artists, Ideology, and Action from Proletcult to the Popular Front," introduces the reader to the sometimes warring, sometimes mutual supporting artists who came to grips with modern art after the Armory Show. Chapter Two, "New Horizons: From Federal Art to the Decline of New Deal Liberalism," covers the more often told story of the shift from supporting artists of a liberal stripe as the nation moved onto war footing. Chapter Three is concerned with traveling art exhibitions, sponsored by the governmental agencies with the help of museums, while Chapter Four, "Suitable for Framing: Mechanical Reproduction and Fine Art for the Masses," is a fairly terse exploration of the meaning behind the title of the book and presents the ways in which the press and various organizations really began to blur the traditional divisions between high art and that which is part of popular culture. …
Effects of Integrating Advertising Ethics into Course Instruction.

Based upon the first-known quasi-experiment of advertising ethics education, this study offers suggestive evidence that advertising ethics instruction using duty-based practices in combination with...