cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conversational Peers and Idea Generation: Evidence from a Field Experiment

High quality ideas and the individuals who generate them are critical to the success of organizations. In this article, we take a micro-network perspective on idea generation and incorporate personality theory into a multi-level model of information acquisition and idea generation. We posit that innovator and peer personality are critical factors conditioning who will generate high-quality ideas, and that our proposed mechanisms have implications at both individual and team levels. Using data from a randomized field experiment embedded in a startup bootcamp for early-stage entrepreneurs, our findings show that innovators who are more open to experience do generate better ideas, but only when they converse with extroverted peers. Further, we find that teams populated with such openness-extroversion dyads perform substantially better--having both a higher pool of novel information and better recombinative capability with the team. We discuss implications for future research on the individual and social determinants of innovation.
A High-Speed Au/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP Schottky Barrier Photodiode for 1.3–1.65 µm Photodetection

With the advent of femtosecond laser pulses and light modulation in the tens of GHz frequency range, the development of high-speed photodetectors is necessary for microwave optical fiber communications at 1.30–1.65 [µm]. High-speed photodetectors have been fabricated mainly on GaAs using Schottky barrier structure for 0.80–0.90 [µm] and on In0.53Ga0.47As for 1.30–1.65 [µm] using p-i-n structure. In this paper, we propose a novel high-speed long wavelength Au/p+-n-In0.53Ga0.47As/n+-InP Schottky barrier structure to enhance the effective barrier height. The proposed Au/p+-n-In0.53Ga0.47As/n+-InP Schottky barrier photodiode structure requires the use of a very thin surface layer of p+-In0.53Ga0.47As on the n-In0.53Ga0.47As epitaxial layer grown on n+-InP substrate in order to enhance the effective barrier height. The significance of this new structure lies on its ability to increase the effective barrier height, and hence to overcome the problem of large dark current encountered in such a detector [1–2]. This approach for barrier height enhancement has been demonstrated previously in GaAs [3] and InGaAs Schottky diodes [4], and is used in our Au/In0.53Ga0. 47As/InP system for photodetector applications.
TEMPERATURE - GERMINATION RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES

SUMMARY perature (°C) and thermal time θ (°cd) were observed among hybrids. Base tem- peratures (Tb) varied between 3.3°C and 6.7°C whereas maximum germination temperatures (Tm) varied between 41.7°C and 48.9°C. Final germination frac- tion was attained at 15°C - 25°C whereas the maximum rate of germination was attained at 30.4°C - 35.6°C. The maximum germination rate of hybrid USDA 894, the cultivar with the slowest germination rate, was only 50% of that of hybrid EX 47. The low Tb and high Tm of sunflower appear to be one of the factors which explain the successful adaptation of sunflower to a wide range of temperature. These findings are discussed in relation to the origin of the crop and its wide adaptations in diverse habitats and climatic zones.
The EM Side-Channel(s)

We present results of a systematic investigation of leakage of compromising information via electromagnetic (EM) emanations from CMOS devices. These emanations are shown to consist of a multiplicity of signals, each leaking somewhat different information about the underlying computation. We show that not only can EM emanations be used to attack cryptographic devices where the power side-channel is unavailable, they can even be used to break power analysis countermeasures.
A data-derived quadratic independence measure for adaptive blind source recovery in practical applications

We present a novel performance index to measure the statistical independence of data sequences and apply it to the framework of blind source recovery (BSR) that includes blind source separation, deconvolution and equalization. This performance index is capable of measuring the mutual independence of data sequences directly from the data. This information theoretic; quadratic independence measure (QIM) is derived based on Renyi's quadratic entropy estimated by a finite data length Parzen window using a Gaussian kernel. Simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed benchmark and compare it with other established benchmarks.
Novel Materials Development for Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells: Final Subcontract Report, 26 July 2004--15 June 2008

Focus on player interfacial assessment using Schottky barrier and heterojunction theory, and analysis of p-windows for CIGS and CdTe cells.
Clinically Relevant Pharmacological Strategies That Reverse MDMA-Induced Brain Hyperthermia Potentiated by Social Interaction

Clinically Relevant Pharmacological Strategies That Reverse MDMA-Induced Brain Hyperthermia Potentiated by Social Interaction
Rare exclusive decays of the Z boson revisited

The realization that first- and second-generation Yukawa couplings can be probed by decays of the Higgs boson to a meson in association with a photon has renewed interest in such rare exclusive decays. We present here a detailed study of the rare $Z$-boson processes $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and $Z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\phi}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ that can serve as benchmarks for the analogous Higgs-boson decays. We include both direct-production and fragmentation contributions to these decays and consider the leading QCD corrections and the relativistic corrections to the $J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}$ processes. We present numerical predictions for the branching ratios that include a careful accounting of the theoretical uncertainties.
About the characteristic function of the set

In this paper we give a method, based on the characteristic function of a set, to solve some difficult problems of set theory in undergraduate research.
Identification of Happyhour/MAP4K as alternative Hpo/Mst-like kinases in the Hippo kinase cascade

In Drosophila and mammals, the canonical Hippo kinase cascade is mediated by Hpo/Mst acting through the intermediary kinase Wts/Lats to phosphorylate the transcriptional coactivator Yki/YAP/TAZ. Despite recent reports linking Yki/YAP/TAZ activity to the actin cytoskeleton, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and/or controversial. Using Drosophila imaginal discs as an in vivo model, we show that Wts, but not Hpo, is genetically indispensable for cytoskeleton-mediated subcellular localization of Yki. Through a systematic screen, we identify the Ste-20 kinase Happyhour (Hppy) and its mammalian counterpart MAP4K1/2/3/5 as an alternative kinase that phosphorylates the hydrophobic motif of Wts/Lats in a similar manner as Hpo/Mst. Consistent with their redundant function as activating kinases of Wts/Lats, combined loss of Hpo/Mst and Hppy/MAP4K abolishes cytoskeleton-mediated regulation of Yki/YAP subcellular localization, as well as YAP cytoplasmic translocation induced by contact inhibition. These Hpo/Mst-like kinases provide an expanded view of the Hippo kinase cascade in development and physiology.
Selective regulation of MAP kinases and Chemokine expression after ligation of ICAM-1 on human airway epithelial cells

Background Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule expressed on the surface of multiple cell types, including airway epithelial cells. It has been documented that cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of leukocytes results in changes in cellular function through outside-inside signaling; however, the effect of cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of airway epithelial cells is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of airway epithelial cells phosphorylated MAP kinases or stimulated chemokine expression and secretion.
Die Xerox-Vergrößerungs-Mikroskopie (XVM)

Ein revolutionares neues Mikroskopierverfahren erlaubt es, mit handelsublichen Kopierern subatomare Auflosungen zu erreichen. Fruher bemuhte man sich mittels eingefuhrter Verfahren wie etwa der Transmissions-Elektronen-Mikroskopie (TEM) oder der Atomic-force-Mikroskopie (AFM) um eine hohe Auflosung. Es war ein regelrecht revolutionares Umdenken notig, um die von diesen archaischen Methoden gesetzten Grenzen zu durchbrechen. Die Autoren stellen hiermit die Xerox-Vergroserungs-Mikroskopie (XVM) vor, ein Verfahren, das der hochauflosenden Mikroskopie ein neues, faszinierendes Betatigungsfeld erschliesen wird (siehe Abbildung 1).
Propagation in dissipative or dispersive media

Abstract Propagation equations for nonlinear dissipative or dispersive media are investigated by the decomposition method.
Energy and life

Biological Energy Transduction: The Uroboros. By Ronald F. Fox. Pp.279. ISBN 0-471-09026-3. (Wiley: 1982.) £24.50, $43.80.
TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS OF BACILLUS DYSENTERIAE SHIGA.

With the methods which have been described we have separated an exotoxin and an endotoxin from cultures of the Shiga dysenteric bacillus. The study of the nature and effect of the poison of this microorganism is thus simplified. The two toxins are physically and biologically distinct. The exotoxin is relatively heat-labile, arises in the early period of growth, and yields an antiexotoxic immune serum. The endotoxin, on the other hand, is heat-stable, is formed in the later period of growth, and is not neutralized by the antiexotoxic serum. The exotoxin exhibits a specific affinity for the central nervous organs in the rabbit, giving rise to a characteristic lesion—mainly, hemorrhages, necroses, and possibly a perivascular infiltration in the gray matter of the upper spinal cord and medulla. The endotoxin exerts a typical action on the intestinal tract, producing edema, hemorrhages, necroses, and ulcerations, especially in the large intestine. In dysentery in man the intestinal lesions predominate, but in severe epidemics paralysis and neuritis have been observed (Osler17). These facts become specially significant from the standpoint of the serum therapy of bacillary dysentery. A potent antidysenteric serum should contain antibodies against the exotoxin as well as the endotoxin. That such a serum can be produced in horses has been experimentally demonstrated.
Behavior of έ(ω) and tan δ for a class of low-loss materials

We report a study on the relaxation behavior of the real part of the permittivity. We also discuss the loss tangent of a class of materials in the microwave to millimeter band of frequencies. For relaxation response we show that the permittivity is a monotonic decreasing function of frequency. Also, for many low-loss ceramics, glasses, crystals, and solid polymers we found that the loss tangent increases nearly linearly with frequency. This linearity is explained in terms of the pulse-response function and the Sparks-King-Mills model. We show that the linearity may be used to extrapolate the loss tangent beyond the measurement band.
The identity of the unconditioned stimulus to the central nervous system is interferon-β

Abstract The specific mechanism of interaction between the central nervous system and immune system was examined using conditioned augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity. This study focused on the role of interferon-β (IFN-β) as the unconditioned stimulus (US). IFN-β was found to be the signal responsible for the bidirectional communication which links the central nervous system with the immune system. This was substantiated by injection of small quantities of IFN-β directly into the cisterna magna, which activated the effector pathway from the central nervous system to the immune system. More importantly, we found that when the conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with an injection of IFN-β into the cisterna magna, the conditioned animals were able to raise their natural killer cell activity in response to subsequent exposure to the conditioned stimulus. These studies show the unconditioned response must be the response of the central nervous system (CNS) to the unconditioned stimulus and not the direct effect of the substance injected into the periphery.
One- and two-photon spectra of NaF:Cu + : Jahn-Teller and vibronic coupling effects

Notwithstanding the fact that CuF does not exist, the dilute solid solution NaF:CuF is stable. One‐ and two‐photon spectra of the cubic single crystals were obtained for the near ultraviolet 3d10→3d94s transitions of Cu+ over a range of temperatures from 2 to 300 K. The two‐photon polarized spectra allowed the separation of the 1Eg from the 1T2g spectra, and revealed the double humped band characteristic of the Jahn–Teller effect. Zero phonon lines were observed in the two‐photon spectra, and a progression in a low frequency t1u mode was observed with even quanta in the two‐photon, odd quanta in the one‐photon spectra. From the fine structure and from the temperature dependence of the broadbands, information about the potential function of the Cu+ in NaF was derived for a1g, eg, and t1u coordinates. The Cu+ is on center in the ground and excited states. The value of EJT is 2250 cm−1 and 10 Dq is 1800 cm−1 for the d9s configuration.
Collection of peripheral blood CD34+ progenitor cells from healthy dogs and dogs diagnosed with lymphoproliferative diseases using a Baxter-Fenwal CS-3000 Plus blood cell separator.

Background Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apheresis using a Baxter-Fenwal CS-3000 Plus automated blood cell separator has not been reported. Objective To determine the feasibility and safety of using a CS-3000 Plus blood cell separator with a small volume separation container holder (SVSCH) and small volume collection chamber (SVCC) to harvest canine PBMCs from dogs weighing <50 kg. Animals Eight healthy mongrel dogs and 11 client-owned dogs in clinical remission for lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD). Methods In this prospective study, aphereses were performed using a Baxter-Fenwal CS-3000 Plus blood cell separator, with or without recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment. Results Aphereses from 6 healthy dogs given rhG-CSF yielded an average of 1.1 × 107 ± 8.2 × 106CD34+ cells/kg. Aphereses from LPD dogs given rhG-CSF yielded an average of 5.4 × 106 ± 3.25 × 106CD34+ cells/kg (P = .17). Higher hematocrit in both groups of dogs receiving rhG-CSF correlated with an increased number of CD34+ cells/kg harvested (healthy, P = .04; LPD, P = .05). Apheresis was well tolerated by all dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Canine PBMC apheresis using the Baxter-Fenwal CS-3000 Plus cell separator with an SVSCH and SVCC is a feasible and safe option for harvesting an adequate number of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells from dogs weighing ≥17 kg for hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Massively parallel finite element simulation Of compressible and incompressible flows

We present a review of where our research group stands in parallel finite element simulation of flow problems on the Connection Machines, an effort that started for our group in the fourth quarter of 1991. This review includes an overview of our work on computation of flow problems involving moving boundaries and interfaces, such as free surfaces, two-liquid interfaces, and fluid-structure and fluid-particle interactions. With numerous examples, we demonstrate that, with these new computational capabilities, today we are at a point where we routinely solve practical flow problems, including those in 3D and those involving moving boundaries and interfaces. We solve these problems with unstructured grids and implicit methods, with some of the problem sizes exceeding 5 000 000 equations, and with computational speeds up to two orders of magnitude higher than what was previously available to us on the traditional vector supercomputers.
An anatomic study of the effects on the suprascapular nerve due to retraction of the supraspinatus muscle after a rotator cuff tear.

The purpose of this anatomic study was to assess the risk to the suprascapular nerve by measuring the tension on the nerve and the angle between the nerve and its motor branch at the scapular notch with medial supraspinatus tendon retraction. Twelve shoulders in six cadavers were dissected to evaluate the branching point of the first motor branch of the suprascapular nerve, the change in angle between the nerve and its first motor branch at the scapular notch with retraction of the supraspinatus tendon, and the resulting tension on the nerve. The first motor branch originated at the notch in 9 cadavers, just proximal in 1, and just distal in 2. With the supraspinatus muscle in its anatomic position, the suprascapular nerve and its first motor branch angle measured 142.6° at the scapular notch. After retraction of the supraspinatus, the angle markedly decreased to 98.7° and 34.6° with 1 cm and 5 cm of medial retraction, respectively. The motor branch was taut in all specimens at 2 to 3 cm of retraction. Medial retraction of the supraspinatus tendon drastically changes the course of the suprascapular nerve through the scapular notch, creating increased tension on the nerve. The degree of rotator cuff muscle atrophy frequently observed after a massive tear may be explained by increased tension on the nerve due to muscle retraction.
The impact of gender on teacher immediacy and student learning in the HBCU classroom

The goal of the present study was to extend our understanding of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), as a communication context, by examining the impact of gender on teacher immediacy and student motivation to learn in the HBCU classroom. The relationship between verbal and nonverbal immediacy and perceived cognitive and affective learning outcomes did not differ between men and women. The findings indicated that nonverbal immediacy was more predictive of learning outcomes than verbal immediacy for both African American men and women. Findings are explained in terms of the role of ethnic/gender identity in the HBCU classroom.
Chromosome analysis of nine endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas

Endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas differ from the more common adenocarcinomas of the pancreas not only in histologic appearance, but also in clinical presentation and biologic behavior. Chromosomes were analyzed from nine fresh pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were found in five; all were malignant neoplasms. One showed only a loss of the Y chromosome and another had a small triploid population of cells in addition to a normal mainline, with a karyotype of 61-66,XX, -X, -1, -2, -3, -4, +5, -6, +7, -11, -14, +17, +18, +20, +mar1,x2, +mar2,inc. Three neoplasms had near-haploid clones. One neoplasm had a composite karyotype of 31-36 ,X, +1, +3, +5, +7, +9, +10, +17, +18, +mar. Two were from the same patient, who had the autosomal dominant syndrome MEN-1. The same clone, described as 29 ,X, +add(1)(p12), +5, +7, +8, +18, +19, was found in both the primary pancreatic neoplasm and in the metastatic tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a haploid clone in both a primary and metastatic solid tumor, and suggests that the near-haploid state is at least compatible with metastasis. These data, combined with the limited reports of cytogenetic data from endocrine pancreatic neoplasms, suggest that at least half of such neoplasms will have an abnormal karyotype.
Dormancy cues alter insect temperature–size relationships

Developmental temperatures can have dramatic effects on body size in ectotherms. Thermal plasticity in body size is often viewed in the context of seasonality, but the role of seasonal dormancy responses in generating temperature–size relationships is underappreciated. We used the moth Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm) to examine how photoperiodic seasonal dormancy programming for pupal diapause affects the temperature–size relationship. Specifically, we partition out the contributions of somatic growth versus nutrient storage as fat to the thermal reaction norm for size. With increasing temperature from 16 °C to 20 °C, dormant pupae were both overall larger and progressively fatter than non-dormant pupae. This body mass response is likely driven by concurrent increases in food consumption and longer development times as temperatures increase. Our results demonstrate that seasonal photoperiodic cues can alter temperature–size relationships during pre-dormancy development. For biologists interested in seasonal effects on temperature–size relationships, our results suggest that the key to fully understanding these relationships may lie in integrating multiple seasonal cues and multiple aspects of body size and composition in a nutrient-allocation framework. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3094-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
A novel symmetric lightwave centralized WDM-OFDM-PON architecture with OFDM-remodulated ONUs and a coherent receiver OLT

The first lightwave-centralized WDM-OFDM-PON architecture with OFDM re-modulation and a coherent-receiver-OLT is demonstrated. Both downstream and re-modulated upstream 10Gbit/s OFDM-16QAM is successfully transmitted over 25km-SSMF with 10dB power-margin and negligible re-modulation and transmission penalties.
Assessment matters: The strength of mixed research methods for the assessment of learning communities

At Georgia State, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques provides greater insight than using either method alone.
The development of inhibition of return in early infancy

The posterior visual spatial attention system involves a number of separable computations that allow orienting to visual locations. We have studied one of these computations, inhibition of return, in 3-, 4-, 6-, 12-, and 18--month-old infants and adults. Our results indicate that this computation develops rapidly between 3 and 6 months, in conjunction with the ability to program eye movements to specific locations. These findings demonstrate that an attention computation involving the mid-brain eye movement system develops after the third month of life. We suggest how this development might influence the infant's ability to represent and expect visual objects.
Electronic energy transfer between metastable argon atoms and ground-state oxygen atoms

Abstract The transfer of electronic energy between metastable argon and ground-state oxygen atoms has been studied in a discharge-flow apparatus. The excitation energy of the argon metastables is transferred to the 3p 3 P state of atomic oxygen with a cross section of 3 A 2 . The energy transfer is discussed in terms of an ionic-intermediate, curve-crossing mechanism for which the calculated cross section is 13 A 2 .
Oral aluminum alters in vitro protein phosphorylation and kinase activities in rat brain.

Abstract Chronic, oral administration of aluminum to rats increases the in vivo concentration of cyclic AMP and the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and the 200 kD neurofilament subunit (15,16). In the present study, the effect of this treatment on endogenous protein phosphorylation in soluble and particulate fractions prepared from cerebral cortices was examined. Chronic aluminum treatment significantly elevated the basal and cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of 11–12 endogenous proteins in the soluble fraction prepared from cerebral cortices. Endogenous protein phosphorylation in the soluble fraction occurring in the presence of Ca' Ca ++ alone or Ca ++ , phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and phosphatidylserine was not significantly altered by aluminum treatment. In the particulate fraction the phosphorylation of several proteins was significantly decreased by aluminum administration; however, the phosphorylation of the majority of protein substrates remained unaltered. Aluminum treatment did not alter the activities of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or protein tyrosine kinase in the soluble and particulate fractions. The activity of Ca ++ /phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) was increased in the particulate fraction of aluminum-fed rats. These results clearly demonstrate that specific effects on protein phosphorylation and protein kinase activities result from in vivo aluminum administration.
Obstetric US imaging: the past 40 years.

Although diagnostic ultrasonography (US) was developing in the late 1940s and early 1950s, it was not until the 1960s, with the availability of commercial equipment, that its usefulness in obstetrics began to be realized fully by radiologists and obstetricians around the world. Advances from A-mode to bistable and then to gray-scale static imaging were followed by the introduction of automated compound imaging and real-time US. Also, the development and initial use of Doppler US for the detection of fetal heart motion and the eventual use of pulsed and color Doppler US for the evaluation of such fetal structures as the major vessels and heart chambers contributed to increasing the usefulness of US in obstetrics. The development of specialized transducers—in particular, endovaginal probes—resulted in images of the early fetus. At the present time, the development of multiplanar, three-dimensional imaging shows great promise for more complete imaging of the fetus. The importance of US in the examination of ...
Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Microfabricated Columns for Gas Chromatography

The design, fabrication, and performance of gas chromatography columns etched in silicon substrates are described. Deep reactive-ion etching formed the 3-m-long, 150-μm-wide, 240-μm-deep rectangular cross section channels. A glass cover plate was anodically bonded to the remaining surface of the substrate forming the gastight channel. For some of the columns, the silicon channels were oxidized before the channels were sealed with the glass plates. Fused-silica capillary connecting tubes were sealed into ports on the edge of the 3.2-cm × 3.2-cm substrate chips. Dynamic coating was used to deposit a film of nonpolar dimethyl polysiloxane or moderately polar trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane stationary phase. The columns were evaluated in a conventional benchtop GC instrument with split injection and flame ionization detection. Column efficiency was evaluated by the use of plots of height equivalent to a theoretical plate versus average carrier gas velocity using both hydrogen and air as carrier gases. The ...
Superconducting Transition Width in Pure Gallium Single Crystals

The superconducting transition in 99.9999% pure gallium single crystals was investigated. The change in mutual inductance at 23 Hz of a pair of coils containing the sample was used to monitor the transition. In long, thin single crystals, the transition was 90% complete in a temperature interval of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, a smaller superconducting transition width than is usually reported in the literature. This transition width corresponds to a superconducting penetration depth at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}\ensuremath{\le}3.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ cm, in agreement with the nuclear-resonance data of Hammond and Knight. Several factors were investigated for possible effects on the transition width. For pure single crystals, the dominant contribution to the transition width was correlated to the relative lengths of the sample and the primary coil. Samples shorter than the primary coil showed substantially broadened transitions, probably caused by a complex nucleation of the superconducting state at the blunt ends of the specimens in the weak (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$-${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$-G) primary-coil magnetic field. All effects of damage on the transition width were removed by 40 h of room-temperature annealing, and the transition temperature from specimen to specimen of cut and annealed specimens was the same to within a temperature interval at least as small as the transition width. These results support the suggestion by Gregory, Sheahen, and Cochran that the critical-field curve of gallium may be used as a reliable secondary temperature standard below ${T}_{c}=1.083$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
The Prevalence of Smoking Among Adolescents with Primary Tuberculosis

Three hundred teenagers, with history of earlier tuberculous infection treated with isoniazid, were questioned as to their smoking habits. Two hundred nineteen school children, in general of the same socioeconomic background and chosen as a random sample, constituted the control group. Knowledge of the existence of an earlier pulmonary infection, in this case tuberculosis, apparently did not serve as a deterrent to the acquisition of the smoking habit.
The 19th Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition: student built autonomous ground vehicles

The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of four, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI). The IGVC is a multidisciplinary exercise in product realization that challenges college engineering student teams to integrate advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. Teams from around the world focus on developing a suite of dual-use technologies to equip ground vehicles of the future with intelligent driving capabilities. Over the past 19 years, the competition has challenged undergraduate, graduate and Ph.D. students with real world applications in intelligent transportation systems, the military and manufacturing automation. To date, teams from almost 80 universities and colleges have participated. This paper describes some of the applications of the technologies required by this competition and discusses the educational benefits. The primary goal of the IGVC is to advance engineering education in intelligent vehicles and related technologies. The employment and professional networking opportunities created for students and industrial sponsors through a series of technical events over the four-day competition are highlighted. Finally, an assessment of the competition based on participation is presented.
C-C chemokine receptor 1 expression in human hematolymphoid neoplasia.

Chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to members of the C-C chemokine family. Recently, CCL3 (MIP-1α), a high-affinity CCR1 ligand, was identified as part of a model that independently predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the role of chemokine signaling in the pathogenesis of human lymphomas is unclear. In normal human hematopoietic tissues, we found CCR1 expression in intraepithelial B cells of human tonsil and granulocytic/monocytic cells in the bone marrow. Immunohistochemical analysis of 944 cases of hematolymphoid neoplasia identified CCR1 expression in a subset of B- and T-cell lymphomas, plasma cell myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma. CCR1 expression correlated with the non–germinal center subtype of DLBCL but did not predict overall survival in follicular lymphoma. These data suggest that CCR1 may be useful for lymphoma classification and support a role for chemokine signaling in the pathogenesis of hematolymphoid neoplasia.
Synthesis, Characterization and Tunable Electronic/Optical Properties of II−VI Semiconductor Species Included in the Sodalite Structure

The composition-dependent optical and electronic tunability of the sodalite analogues with stoichiometries Zn8X2[BO2]12 (X = O, S, Se) and [CdyZn(1-y)]8X2[BeSixGe(1-x)O4]6 (X = S, Se and Te) have been demonstrated. The materials strongly photoluminesce, and a comparison of the photoluminescence behavior of the single crystals with the as-synthesized powder analogues shows that the visible emission is intrinsic to the sodalite analogue and not due to impurities such as bulk semiconductor. The emission maxima of these materials can be varied by as much as 100 nm with subtle modifications in the host sodalite framework composition and excitation energies can be stored over, at minimum, several minutes. The materials can be prepared either hydrothermally or by high-temperature solid-state reactions. The local and average long-range structures of composition Zn8X2[BO2]12 (X = O, S, Se) and M8X2[BeSixGe1-xO4]6 (M = Zn, Cd; X = S, Se, Te) are described based on the results of polycrystalline X-ray diffraction, m...
Neurologic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an important cause of neurologic morbidity. The clinical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome include only cerebrovascular arterial and venous thrombosis, but many other neurologic manifestations have been associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). This review discusses the role of aPL in cerebrovascular manifestations and in some of the other neurologic manifestations commonly associated with these antibodies, as well as data pertaining to the pathophysiology of aPL-associated neurologic manifestations and treatment issues.
Immersive panoramic video

The acquisition and presentation of high-resolution panoramic video presents a number of technical difficulties. We demonstrate a system that acquires high-resolution (>3Kx480) panoramic images. These images are recorded at 30Hz frame rates and played back for later viewing. During playback users wear a head-mounted display (HMD) and a head-tracking device that allows them to turn their heads freely to observe the desired portions of the panoramic scene. User impressions initially indicate that the experience produces a strong sense of immersion and this new form of media offers new options for creating immersive simulations./par>
Dissociation of the pressor and cerebral protective effects of phenylephrine.

• The relationship between the pressor and cerebral protective effects of the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine was assessed. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and underwent right carotid artery ligation and placement of arterial and central venous pressure catheters and EEG electrodes. Following a two-hour recovery, the rats were exposed to hypoxia (4.5% chamber O2). Three groups of rats were infused with phenylephrine hydrochloride at 17, 35, and 88 μg/kg/min, respectively. A fourth group received normal saline, and a fifth, no Infusion. All rats receiving phenylephrine experienced an Initial pressor response to 130,162, and 180 mm Hg, respectively, compared with control animals (119 mm Hg). Cerebral electrical activity was prolonged with the two lower doses of phenylephrine (24±3 minutes and 21±4 minutes, respectively), compared with the control response (13±1 minutes). High-dose phenylephrine decreased survival time (8±1 minutes), despite higher BP at the time of brain death. (Arch Surg1984;119:415-418)
Design method for scalable discrete trigonometric transforms (DTT) with constant geometry

In this paper we present a hardware architecture suitable for implementing discrete trigonometric transforms (DTT) including popular fast Discrete Cosine (DCT) and Sine (DST) transforms. The design method is modular and uses predesigned components to construct a transform system. A data shuffle network structure is presented in this work and we will show how it is used in conjunction with a partial column structure to build and compute the transforms. The scalability is based only on the transform size and the number of processing elements (PE). The transform throughput is determined by the number of PE and its associated shuffle network size. In this work we use a scalable DCT-II algorithm with a constant geometry structure to present the design methodology. The design approach can be applied to implement other discrete trigonometric transforms with similar property.
Radiographic and Histologic Response to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Background Limited data exist regarding the radiographic and histologic response of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT).
Airborne fungi in Los Angeles, California.

Hormodendrum, Alternaria, and Epicoccum were the three most important fungi found in this survey of the Los Angeles area, accounting for 70 to 75 per cent of all colonies. There was no demonstrable seasonal variation or trend in the incidence of these spores. No correlation was found between the plate counts and the 24 hour gravity slide counts of Alternaria and Hormodendrum. Monthly or weekly totals expressed in terms of a daily average are useful in comparing the different areas surveyed, when sampling techniques are similar. The most unexpected finding was the large number of Epicoccum colonies. Perhaps this was influenced, in part, by the direction of the prevailing winds, and by the rclative dryness due to less than arcrage rainfall during the period of the survey.
Time dependent response of equatorial ionospheric electric fields to magnetospheric disturbances

The authors use extensive radar measurements of F region vertical plasma drifts and auroral electrojet indices to determine the storm time dependence of equatorial zonal electric fields. These disturbance drifts result from the prompt penetration of high latitude electric fields and from the dynamo action of storm time winds which produce the largest perturbations a few hours after the onset of magnetic activity. The signatures of the equatorial disturbance electric fields change significantly depending on the relative contributions of these two components. The prompt electric field responses, with lifetimes of about one hour, are in excellent agreement with results from global convection models. The electric fields generated by storm time winds have longer lifetimes, amplitudes proportional to the energy input into the high latitude ionosphere, and a daily variation which follows closely the disturbance dynamo pattern of Blanc and Richmond. The storm wind driven electric fields are responsible for the larger amplitudes and longer lifetimes of the drift perturbations following sudden decreases in convection compared to those associated with sudden convection enhancements. 14 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Aerogels from metal chalcogenides and their emerging unique properties

Metal-oxide and carbon gels and aerogels have been known for a long time. These aerogels have always been of strong interest because of their intriguing properties and potential diverse technological impact. Thanks to new sol–gel chemistry, chalcogenide nanoparticle and cluster-based aerogels (chalcogels) are the latest aerogels to come to the field and are now gaining notoriety because of properties not available in conventional aerogels. In this article, we highlight the recent synthetic advances in chalcogenide aerogels and their emerging unique properties and discuss some potential applications.
Deoxynucleotides--models for studying mechanisms of strand breakage in DNA. II. Thymidine 3'5'-diphosphate.

SummaryReactions which cause release of inorganic phosphate from thymidine 3′5′-diphosphate are equivalent to strand-break-producing reactions in DNA. When the former is irradiated in dilute aqueous solution, reactions of the OH· radical induce the liberation of inorganic phosphate. Three types of phosphate release are distinguished: (1) Immediately after irradiation, G = 0·17 (O2), G = 0·21 (N2); (2) On standing in neutral solution, G = 0·46 (O2), G = 0·12 (N2); (3) On treatment with alkali G = 1·8 (O2), G = 0·7 (N2). The sites of OH· radical attack responsible for these three processes are identified. Chromatographic separations indicate that in all cases both sugar phosphate bonds of the parent molecule are broken and no monophosphate products are formed.The yields of formation of strand breaks produced by irradiation of DNA in vivo and the mechanisms by which they are repaired are discussed in terms of the three processes by which sugar phosphate bond breakage occurs in thymidine 3′5′-diphosphate.
A decision support system for solving quality problems using case-based reasoning

This study discusses an intelligent system designed to assist companies in decisions regarding the corrective and preventive action (CPA) process, the most fundamental component of quality-management systems. Without an effective CPA programme, problems will repeat themselves, continuous improvement will be difficult and it is unlikely that any of the other quality-system elements will work effectively. The system employs both case-based reasoning (CBR) and decision-support systems (DSS) components. The knowledge is represented as cases in the system, which can be reused to produce new solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed concept is demonstrated by applying the system to a CPA decision-making example.
Use of various acute, sublethal and early life‐stage tests to evaluate the toxicity of refinery effluents

The toxicities of effluents from three Ontario, Canada, refineries were assessed with microbes, plants, invertebrates, and fish. Acute toxicity was assessed by the Microtox™ test, an assay based on electron transport activity in submitochondrial particles, and Daphnia magna (water flea) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout, 96-h exposure) bioassays. Short-term toxic effects were measured with bioassays of growth and survival of Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) larvae; survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea); growth of Selenastrum capricornutum (alga); growth of Lemna minor (aquatic plant); germination of Lactuca sativa (nonaquatic plant); survival, growth, and maturation of Panagrellus redivivus (nematode); and genotoxicity in the SOS-Chromotest. Only the Microtox test and the submitochondrial particle test detected acute toxicity in the effluent samples. Reduced survival and sublethal responses were caused by some effluents, but not all effluents were toxic, and none caused a response in all of the tests applied. The results suggest that the effluent treatment systems used at Ontario refineries have largely eliminated acute toxicity to the organisms in our test battery. Although reduced survival and sublethal effects were detected in some of the effluents, the effects were minor. Some of the tests provided evidence, albeit weak, of variations in the responses of the test organisms to a temporal series of effluent samples. Not unexpectedly, there were also minor differences in the responses of the tests to effluents from the three refineries. The fathead minnow test seems to be a sensitive indicator of the sublethal toxicity of Ontario refinery effluents.
Impact of fluidized bed combustion waste on metal content of crops and soil

The fluidized bed combustion process for removing SO2 from coal-fired power plant stack gases results in generation of large tonnages of waste requiring environmentally acceptable storage or disposal. A field study was initiated in fall 1985 to determine limits of fluidized bed combustion waste (FBCW) applications to agronomic crops without causing significant yield reduction or accumulation of heavy metals in plants or the soil. Rates of FBW ranging from 22 to 560 t ha−1 were incorporated in soil by plowing down single and split applications. Conventional agricultural lime treatments were included for comparison. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and soybeans (Glycine max. L.) were grown from 1986–88. Annual applications of 22 t ha−1 did not affect yield or metal uptake of any test crop. A single 112 t ha−1 application had no adverse effect, but repeated applications of that rate lowered corn and soybean yields. The rate of 560 t ha−1 resulted in depressed or eliminated growth of all crops. A high pH and high concentrations of Ca and S were associated with this rate but heavy metals and B concentrations in soil and plant tissue were not significantly affected.
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts

The diagnosis, treatment and follow-up data for patients with malignant solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts for the period from 1949 to 1975 are presented. The neoplasm developed in the nasal fossae in 3 patients; in the maxillary sinuses in 2; in the supraglottic region in 1; and in the tonsillar fossa in 1. Curative radiation therapy is recommended after the diagnosis is established by biopsy examination only. In the present series, this practice resulted in complete regression of the tumors in all of the patients, with restoration of functions without local recurrence. In no case did the local disease transform into systemic myeloma.
Improved proteome coverage by using high efficiency cysteinyl peptide enrichment: The human mammary epithelial cell proteome

Automated multidimensional capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been increasingly applied in various large scale proteome profiling efforts. However, comprehensive global proteome analysis remains technically challenging due to issues associated with sample complexity and dynamic range of protein abundances, which is particularly apparent in mammalian biological systems. We report here the application of a high efficiency cysteinyl peptide enrichment (CPE) approach to the global proteome analysis of human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) which significantly improved both sequence coverage of protein identifications and the overall proteome coverage. The cysteinyl peptides were specifically enriched by using a thiol-specific covalent resin, fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography, and subsequently analyzed by reversed-phase capillary LC-MS/MS. An HMEC tryptic digest without CPE was also fractionated and analyzed under the same conditions for comparison. The combined analyses of HMEC tryptic digests with and without CPE resulted in a total of 14 416 confidently identified peptides covering 4294 different proteins with an estimated 10% gene coverage of the human genome. By using the high efficiency CPE, an additional 1096 relatively low abundance proteins were identified, resulting in 34.3% increase in proteome coverage; 1390 proteins were observed with increased sequence coverage. Comparative protein distribution analyses revealed that the CPE method is not biased with regard to protein M(r) , pI, cellular location, or biological functions. These results demonstrate that the use of the CPE approach provides improved efficiency in comprehensive proteome-wide analyses of highly complex mammalian biological systems.
Instability Tests, Lyapunov's Direct Method, and Exact Stability Boundaries for Flexible Satellites

Simple tests are developed to determine instability regions in the parameter space of flexible satellites. These tests are used in conjunction with Lyapunov's direct method to obtain exact stability boundaries in parameter space in cases where Lyapunov methods give only sufficient conditions for stability. In the case of Hamiltonian systems, the tests reduce to checking the sign of the determinant of the Hessian of the Hamiltonian at a single point. The Hamiltonian assumption can be relaxed to allow the inclusion of damping terms provided these terms have no linear dependence on position. Previous studies use complete or pervasive damping assumptions to obtain exact stability boundaries, whereas the proposed methods work for no damping or the damping described earlier. Examples illustrate the usefulness of the tests.