cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serotonin release by bacterial endotoxin.

SummaryWithin 15 seconds after rapid administration of E. coli endotoxin in the rabbit a significant release of serotonin into platelet-free plasma occurs in vivo. The magnitude of immediate serotonin release was cor-related with amount of endotoxin administered, and there was no significant rise of plasma serotonin with a non-lethal dose.
Performance Evaluation of a New Low Temperature High Early Strength Additive QZ—1

In view of the low temperature of formation in cementing in winter,the problem of strength of cement grows slowly,develop a new low temperature high early strength addictive QZ—1,it can enhance the hydrate speed in low temperature,make the cement has high early strength.20 ℃,addictive 2%,12 h the compression strength can reach 3.6 MPa,meet the demand of second spud in,shorten the waiting on cement,enhance drilling speed and save drilling cost.
Extraction and antibacterial activities of tea saponin

Tea saponin was extracted from oil-tea camellia seed cake with ethanol,and its antibacterial activities were studied.The results indicated that the tea saponin had restraining effects on Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis,and its effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were strong.The tea saponin with concentration of 0.10 g/mL had lethal effect on the three kinds of bacteria.The antibacterial circle diameter and the concentration of tea saponin were positively correlated.
Modal identification and cable tension estimation of long span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

For health monitoring of long span cable-stayed bridge,modal parameters and cable tension are the key parameters to assess the condition of the bridge.A finite element model of Yamen bridge was built.Modal test and cable vibration test of the bridge were performed under ambient excitation.An improved multiple reference DOFs stabilization diagram algorithm based on ERA(Eignsystem Realization Algorithm) was presented.By setting different reference DOFs in each group of data,NExT(Natural Excitation Technique)-ERA was used to identify modal parameters.Damping ratio,consistent mode indicator from observability(CMI-O) and modal assurance criterion(MAC) were used as thresholds to identify the most accurate modal parameters.Lower order frequencies were estimated by quadratic fit method,and the cable tension was estimated by two different methods.Based on the analysis of deck and cable vibration,it is evident that the vertical vibration of the bridge deck is tightly coupled with the cable vibrations within the frequency range of 0～3Hz.
Clinical effect of combination of nifedipine and irbesartan on hypertension in patients with diabetes and hypertension in the Chinese population:A Meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of combination of nifedipine and irbesartan on hypertension in patients with diabetes and hypertension in the Chinese population.Method:The randomized controlled trials(RCTs)was performed with database search of the Wanfang database,CNKI,VIP database,Pubmed,Medline Complete,Elsevier,Global Health on the combination of nifedipine and irbesartan in treatment of diabetes and hypertension,to retrieve documents from the building of database to October 2014,then relevent date were extracted.RevMan5.1statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Result:A total of thirteen literatures and 1 562 cases were included in this study,which consisted of 801 cases as the trial group and 761 controls.Meta-analysis showed that blood pressures and 24 hours urinary albumin in trail group were significantly lower than those in control group after treatment(both P0.05);the blood glucose levels were depressed between the two groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion:Combination therapy is more effective for the blood pressure control and the protection of renal function than the single usage.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scrotum Associated with Human Papillomaviruses

AbstractA 53-year-old man presented with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma, and dysplasia of the scrotum and penis. Risk factors included psoralen and ultraviolet radiation therapy for psoriasis, and x-ray therapy for primary lymphoma of the groin. Three different human papillomavirus types were documented using the polymerase chain reaction in distinct anatomical areas. The scrotal carcinoma was associated with human papillomavirus type 18, while regions of dysplasia contained either type 18, 16 or 6/11. Diagnosis of squamous dysplasia and carcinoma of the scrotum in men with psoriasis is complicated by chronic active inflammation, and molecular biological methods may be necessary to detect human papillomavirus infected cells.
The Case for Discounting the Future

AbstractThough economists appear to discount future well-being when evaluating the costs of climate change, plausible justifications of this practice have not been forthcoming. The methods of economists thus seem to contravene the requirements of justice by discounting the moral importance of future well-being simply because it exists in the future. I defend the practice of discounting the future against the charge of injustice on grounds that moral theorists of different stripes can accept. I argue that, because public policy choices are ‘identity-affecting’, the probability that some policy choice will constitute a harm for members of a population diminishes the further we look into the future. This constitutes a plausible justification of discounting the future.
UTILIZATION OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN A NEURAL CIRCUIT ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP-WAKING*

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the utilization of a computer system for special analysis of electrical activity in a neural circuit associated with sleepwalking. Numerous investigations have emphasized the probable involvement of two brainstem regions: (1) the area postrema and (2) raphe nuclei in the generation of sleep. If the nature of sleepwaking oscillations is to be understood, the interrelationships between these brainstem sites must be studied. The chapter presents a sophisticated system that has been developed and utilized to obtain power spectral plots and coherence values for the spontaneous EEG obtained from these brainstem areas in a freely-moving cat. The computer system used to calculate and display the power spectrum and coherence functions consists of a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-12 and a PDP-15 graphics display terminal. The chapter presents the typical results obtained using this computerized spectral analysis system to investigate the interrelationship of the electrical activity obtained from the anterior portion of the raphe and the area postrema. The coherence graph shows a rather consistent steady coherence value over the epoch selected during SWS.
NADH-ユビキノン酸化還元酵素(呼吸鎖H+ポンプにおける最後の砦)

The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain catalyzes proton translocation across the inner membrane coupled to electron transfer. This is the largest enzyme complex in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, and is composed of more than 25 unlike polypeptides. This article describes current knowledge of the enzyme and possible approaches to study of its structure and mechanisms of electron transfer and proton translocation.
The Impact of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Pelvic Motion and Functional Component Position is Highly Variable

Abstract Background This study's purpose was to determine the impact of THA implantation on pelvic motion, and to assess motion in patients with a history of lumbar fusion or prosthetic dislocation. Methods This was an IRB-approved, prospective investigation of 3 cohorts: (1) patients without a history of lumbar surgery undergoing THA (group A), (2) patients with a lumbar fusion (group B), and (3) patients with a THA prosthetic dislocation (group C). All patients received both standing and sitting lateral pelvis images to measure sacral slope and pelvic tilt in the sagittal plane. Results Fifty-eight patients were enrolled (24 group A, 27 group B, and 7 group C), with no differences in age, gender, or body mass index ( P = .1-.7). In group A, the mean change in sacral slope from standing to sitting was 22.1° ± 15.2° preoperatively and 19.5° ± 14.8° postoperatively. However, in 13 patients, the difference in pelvic motion from the standing to seated position, from preoperatively to postoperatively, was >5° and in 10 patients, this difference was >10°. The change in standing to sitting sacral slope was significantly less in patients with a lumbar fusion (9.8° ± 8.2°) and history of prosthetic dislocation (12.5° ± 4.7°) vs group A ( P P = .008). Conclusion Implantation of a THA can increase or decrease sagittal plane pelvic motion from the standing to seated position with a high degree of variability. Thus, the ability to predict ideal component positioning from preoperative images may be challenging.
Evaluation of Collaborative Actions to Inform Design of a Remote Interactive Collaboration Framework for Immersive Data Visualizations

Data visualization and interaction is an important part of understanding and analyzing complex data. Immersive display systems provide benefits to exploration. In this paper, we present a user study to analyze co-located tasks and behaviors during a collaboration task. Results from this study helped us to identify patterns in co-located collaborative interaction to be able to better design remote collaborative environments. We discuss the challenges while interacting with data in an immersive data visualization environment and our design of a remote interactive collaboration framework for analysis and workflow of data visualizations. The goal of this framework is to preserve the benefits of physically co-located collaboration actions and add the benefits of virtual components that do not conform to real world restrictions.
Two-Stage Isothermal Enzymatic Amplification for Concurrent Multiplex Molecular Detection.

BACKGROUND: The wide array of pathogens responsible for infectious diseases makes it difficult to identify causative pathogens with single-plex tests. Although multiplex PCR detects multiple targets, it is restricted to centralized laboratories, which delays test results or makes multiplexing unavailable, depriving healthcare providers of critical, real-time information. METHODS: To address the need for point-of-care (POC) highly multiplexed tests, we propose the 2-stage, nested-like, rapid ( RESULTS: In experiments on a benchtop and in a microfluidic format, RAMP demonstrated high level of multiplexing (≥16); high sensitivity (i.e., 1 plaque-forming unit of Zika virus) and specificity (no false positives or negatives); speed ( CONCLUSIONS: RAMP is a hybrid, 2-stage, rapid, and highly sensitive and specific assay with extensive multiplexing capabilities, combining the advantages of RPA and LAMP, while circumventing their respective shortcomings. RAMP can be used in the lab, but one of its distinct advantages is amenability to simple implementation in a microfluidic format for use at the POC, providing healthcare personnel with an inexpensive, highly sensitive tool to detect multiple pathogens in a single sample, on site.
A Wilson-Cowan Model of an Oscillatory E-I Network

There is a large literature on neuronal network models attempting to model neuronal population activity without modeling individual neurons.
Renewable Energy from Waste: Investigation of Co-pyrolysis between Sargassum Macroalgae and Polystyrene

Co-pyrolysis of the seaweed Sargassum and polystyrene was investigated as a potential source of renewable energy. Sargassum is a brown macroalgae, posing a large disposal problem for beaches worldwide, and polystyrene is the plastic least recycled in the U.S. Although macroalgae bio-oil cannot be directly used as a result of a high oxygen content and low heating value, co-pyrolysis of macroalgae with low-oxygen-content waste polystyrene can enhance oil quality. Pyrolysis of pure Sargassum was conducted to determine the temperature producing the highest percent oil (600 °C). Co-pyrolysis of four different mixture ratios of Sargassum and polystyrene (5, 15, 25, and 33% by weight) was then conducted at 600 °C. Feedstocks and pyrolysis products (liquid oil and water, gas phase, and solid phase) were characterized using elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, gas chromatography, surface area and adsorption isotherm analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Co-pyrolysis with polystyrene improved the qua...
1-Benzyl-3-aryl-2-thiohydantoin Derivatives as New Anti-Trypanosoma brucei Agents: SAR and in Vivo Efficacy

A high throughput screening and subsequent hit validation identified compound 1 as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei parasite growth. Extensive structure–activity relationship optimization based on antiparasitic activity led to the highly potent compounds, 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-dimethylamino-3-chlorophenyl)-2-thiohydantoin (68) and 1-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-dimethylamino-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiohydantoin (76), with a T. brucei EC50 of 3 and 2 nM, respectively. This represents >100-fold improvement in potency compared to compound 1. In vivo efficacy experiments of 68 and 76 in an acute mouse model of Human African Trypanosomiasis showed a 100% cure rate after 4 days of oral treatment at 50 mg/kg twice per day.
Session 3 — Clocking techniques

This session presents techniques to improve the spectral purity and reduce jitter in frequency synthesizers particularly those employing ring oscillators.
An Inoculation Technique for Dogwood Anthracnose

Abstract Researchers have been generally unable to infect dogwood foliage (Cornus florida L.) with dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva Redlin) in artificial environments. We tested the influence of four factors on development of D. destructiva lesions in intact C. florida leaves wounded with a pin-prick device: (1) propagule (conidia or vegetative hyphae), (2) isolate origin (Catoctin Mountain, MD or Great Smoky Mountains National Park, TN), (3) controlled environment (growth room or air conditioned, humidified chamber in a greenhouse), and (4) period of time leaves were enclosed in humidified bags following inoculation. Of the manipulated factors, time spent in moistened bags and experimental environment were most important in determining lesion size. Lesions of similar size resulted from 0, 2 and 4 days in humidified bags, but leaves enclosed for 7 days had lesions over 5 times as large. Lesions that formed on trees in the greenhouse chamber were about 15 times larger than those in the growth room....
A Common Artu: The Columbia Western 24 and the 'Mort Artu' in Italy

The mid-thirteenth- to late fourteenth-century witnesses to the Italian tradition of the French-language work, La Mort le Roi Artu, appear both textually and geographically integrated. Adding a seventh manuscript into this repertoire, the Columbia RMBL Western 24, does little to change this perception of textual and geographic cohesion. However, disparities in the material presentation of the work across the seven witnesses to the corpus reveal the range of expectations for the final consumers of these copies of the Mort Artu in the northern Italian francophone context.
Book organization checking algorithm using image segmentation and OCR

Organizing and rearranging library books in appropriate order requires attention and care of librarians. The book indexing and organizing algorithm will detect misplaced library books and suggest a proper position to the user. It can be implemented in a smartphone or a server or an autonomous embedded system. It first segments the captured image to find proper tag area in the book. Then crops that tag area and process that with OCR to detect string. From the string, it is possible to determine if a book is on the right shelf or row.
Dialogue, Inquiry, Changing Roles, and the Dialogical Self

This chapter draws upon Dialogical Self theory and Bakhtin’s theory of language to highlight the importance of dialogue, inquiry, and collaboration in teacher education courses. Teacher preparation is considered against the backdrop of contemporary U.S. school reforms, which favor standardized instructional practices and curriculum directives that grind against student-centered philosophies of teaching. Data from a qualitative study of problem-posing seminars in a graduate English Education program are used to illuminate the contributions that Dialogical Self theory can make to the field of teacher education. The study indexes the ways that scaffolded, collaborative dialogue can support teacher candidates’ formation of professional identities by creating conditions for novice teachers to explore the multiple I-positions they occupy as they make the transition from student to teacher. By examining the struggles, negotiations, and exchanges that occur as teacher candidates work to support one another during their student teaching experiences, this chapter discusses how Dialogical Self theory can inform teacher educators and inspire revisions to education methods courses.
Of Whites and men: How gender and race impact authorship of published and unpublished opinions in the US courts of appeals

While authorship assignment has been studied extensively in the US Supreme Court, relatively little is known about such decisions in the intermediate federal courts. Moreover, what we know about ci...
Retained Herrick Plug

A 79-year-old female with a history of keratoconjunctivitis sicca presented with several years of epiphora of both eyes. Thirteen years earlier, intracanalicular Herrick lacrimal plugs (Lacrimedics, Eastsound, WA, USA) had been placed in both eyes to treat her dry eye syndrome. After 13 years the patient felt the epiphora was intolerable and underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) of the left, then the right side. Intraoperatively, during the right endoscopic DCR, a Herrick lacrimal plug was found in the common canaliculus into the lacrimal sac. Postoperatively, the patient did well with improved epiphora. The Herrick plug is designed to be intracanalicular, and this case illustrates that the plug can migrate and be retained for many years. Collared punctal plugs have a lower risk of this type of complication.
Phase transformations in quenched and partitioned steels

Abstract: This chapter introduces the quenching and partition process, a new thermal treatment designed to employ carbon partitioning from martensite into untransformed austenite, with the purpose of generating austenite-containing microstructures in low alloy steels with attractive performance characteristics. The early development of the process and associated mechanisms are reviewed, including models to incorporate thermodynamic aspects, microstructure development principles, and more recently, kinetic factors. Experimental progress is also discussed, including alloy design and microstructure. Encouraging mechanical properties are reported, and some potential applications to different steel product families are highlighted.
A2A adenosine receptor functional states characterized by 19F-NMR

The human proteome contains 826 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which control a wide array of key physiological functions, making them important drug targets. GPCR functions are based on allosteric coupling from the extracellular orthosteric drug binding site across the cell membrane to intracellular binding sites for partners such as G proteins and arrestins. This signaling process is related to dynamic equilibria in conformational ensembles that can be observed by NMR in solution. A previous high-resolution NMR study of the A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) resulted in a qualitative characterization of a network of such local polymorphisms. Here, we used 19F-NMR experiments with probes at the A2AAR intracellular surface, which provides the high sensitivity needed for a refined description of different receptor activation states by ensembles of simultaneously populated conformers and the rates of exchange among them. We observed two agonist-stabilized substates that are not measurably populated in apo-A2AAR and one inactive substate that is not seen in complexes with agonists, suggesting that A2AAR activation includes both induced fit and conformational selection mechanisms. Comparison of A2AAR and a constitutively active mutant established relations between the 19F-NMR spectra and signaling activity, which enabled direct assessment of the difference in basal activity between the native protein and its variant.
Humanizing disciplinary literacy pedagogy for Dinka refugee children

This response to Fleer, Adams & Gunstone builds upon “Transformative pedagogy: Dinka playgroups as spaces for cultural knowledge productions of Western sciendce” by expanding conceptual understanding of the cultural practices of Dinka refugee children. Drawing upon both disciplinary literacy research and research into the role of play in young children’s language development provides a fuller understanding of refugee children and contributes towards more culturally responsive and ultimately more humanizing science pedagogy in educational spaces.
Origin of fat in chylous ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis.

To investigate the origin of fat in chylous ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis, labeled medium and long chain fatty acids ([14C]oc- tanoic and [3H]oleic acid, respectively) were fed to 3 cirrhotic patients with chylous ascites as well as to two control groups: patients with cirrhosis and clear ascites and noncirrhotic subjects with chylous ascites. The time of appearance, time interval from ingestion to peak levels, and half-life time of decay of labeled long chain fatty acids in ascitic chylomicrons were similar in all groups of patients. In the cirrhotic patients, the peak activity of long chain fat found in chylous ascites (8% of ingested radioactivity) was much greater than in clear ascites (0.6%). An even greater amount of ingested long chain fat was found in the chylous ascites of noncirrhotic patients (22%). More than 80% of the ingested [3H]oleic acid present in chylous ascites was incorporated in esterified form in chylomicrons as compared to less than 50% in clear ascitic fluid. This significantly higher (P
Decision-Making in Arytenoid Adduction

Arytenoid adduction (AA) is classified among the laryngeal framework surgeries. The purpose of AA is to stabilize and reposition the vocal process of the arytenoid. AA can be utilized alone or in combination with other procedures to statically reposition the vocal fold for rehabilitation of voice. Practice patterns vary widely, and controversy exists over the risk benefit ratio for performing AA. Some otolaryngologists consider AA a routine component of a primary vocal fold medialization, while others use it for select indications. During the preoperative period, it is important to consider paralysis etiology, the timing of surgery, and examination findings when planning AA. The surgery is considered technically challenging. As such, various anesthetic and technical modifications have occurred since the initial description by Isshiki in 1978. These modifications have made the procedure safer, more reliable, and more comfortable for patients. Optimal perioperative management reduces complications while minimizing unnecessary medications and length of stay. The AA plays an important role in revision surgery. Understanding the decisions around AA allows the laryngologist to confidently incorporate the procedure into the surgical armamentarium.
Online dose delivery verification in small animal image-guided radiotherapy.

Purpose To accomplish novel radiation treatment techniques in preclinical radiation research, small animal image-guided radiotherapy systems have been increasingly integrated into preclinical radiation research over the last decade. Although such systems have sophisticated tools (such as cone-beam computed tomography-based image guidance, robotic couch, treatment planning system (TPS), and electronic portal imaging devices [EPIDs]). To our knowledge, no established technique can perform independent and online verification of the delivered dose during radiotherapy. In this study, we implement an online EPID dosimetry for each administered SA-IGRT fraction in a rat orthotopic model of prostate cancer. Methods To verify the accuracy of delivered dose to rat, we compared the two-dimensional (2D) calculated dose distribution by TPS as the planned dose, with online dose distribution estimated using an EPID as the delivered dose. Since image acquisition software was not capable of acquiring integrated images over a long period of time, we used the EPID to estimate dose rate rather than dose. The central axis (CAX) dose rate values at the beam's exit surface were compared. In addition, 2D dose distributions were also compared under different gamma criteria. To verify the accuracy of our EPID dosimetry technique, we measured transit and exit doses with film during animal treatment. In this study, 20-mm cone was used to collimate beam. We previously observed that the EPID response was independent of collimator size for collimator size ≥15-mm, we did not apply for additional correction factor. Results Comparison of exit CAX dose rate values of TPS-calculated and EPID-estimated showed that the average difference was 3.1%, with a maximum of 9.3%. Results of gamma analysis for 2D comparison indicated an average of 90% passing rate with global gamma criterion of 2 mm/5%. We observed that TPS could not calculate dose accurately in peripheral regions in which the penumbra effect was dominant. Dose rate values estimated by EPID were within 2.1% agreement with film at both the imager plane and the beam's exit surface for 4 randomly selected animals for which film measurement verification was performed. Conclusions The small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) system's built-in EPID was utilized to estimate dose delivered to rats at kilovoltage energy x-rays. The results of this study suggest that the EPID is an invaluable tool for verifying delivered dose to small animal to help validate conclusions made from preclinical radiation research.
Early Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Youth Delinquent Behavior in Fragile Families

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a key risk factor for a variety of negative health, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes across the life course. Although recent researc...
Conversational topics of social media messages associated with state-level mental distress rates.

Background: Upstream public health indicators of poor mental health in the United States (U.S.) are currently measured by national telephone-based surveys; however, results are delayed by 1–2 years...
Unregulated online sales of cardiac implantable electronic devices in the United States: A six-month assessment.

Background An estimated 1 million patients require cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) but go without annually. This disparity exists in low-to-middle-income nations largely owing to the cost of CIED hardware. Humanitarian reuse of CIEDs has been shown to be safe and feasible. However, recent publications have raised concern that promotion of CIED reuse may foster a CIED "black market," to the dismay of manufacturers, regulators, and clinicians alike. Objective To determine if unregulated CIED sales for potential human use is a real issue by investigating unregulated public online CIED sale listings in the United States of America. Methods An observational study was undertaken over 6 months using multiple internet search engines from May 1 to November 1, 2019. We cataloged usable CIEDs (still in packaging, manufactured Results In total, 58 CIEDs—47 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and 11 permanent pacemakers—from 4 manufacturers were listed for sale on 3 websites. During the study period, 8 of 11 pacemakers and 37 of 47 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were sold (price range: $100–$1500 [US dollars]). No new listings were seen in the last 3 months of observation, possibly owing to concomitant industry investigation. Conclusion There does exist a public online market for unregulated CIED sales in the United States. This specific market seems to be small and unlikely to significantly expand with active monitoring by manufacturers and regulators.
Development of proxy and self-report Burn Model System Pediatric Itch Interference scales: A National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System Study.

Pruritus is a commonly reported symptom after burn injury. Valid and reliable scales to measure itch in pediatric burn survivors are important for treatment and epidemiological studies. This study sought to develop psychometrically sound, publicly available self- and proxy-report measures of itch for use in pediatric burn survivors suitable for use in research and clinical practice. A panel of burn experts developed a definition of itch interference and a set of parallel self- and proxy-report candidate items that covered important activities affected by itch. Candidate items were evaluated in cognitive interviews with pediatric burn survivors (n = 4) and proxies (n = 2). Items were translated to Spanish and administered in both English and Spanish to a sample (N = 264) of pediatric burn survivors and/or their proxy enrolled in the Burn Model System (BMS) longitudinal database. The mean age of the pediatric sample was 13 years and average time since burn 5 years. The final itch interference measures each included 5 parallel items calibrated using a one-parameter graded response item response theory model, with a mean of 50 representing the average itch interference of the sample. Reliability of the scores is excellent between the mean and two standard deviations above. Initial analyses provide support for validity of the score. Concordance between the self- and proxy-report scores was moderate (ICC = 0.68). The results support the reliability and validity of the itch scale in children and youth with burn injury. The new BMS Pediatric Itch Interference scales are freely and publicly available at https://burndata.washington.edu/itch.
From Networking to Mitigation: The Role of Social Media and Analytics in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic

Due to quarantine and social distancing, people are attached to and rely on social media more than ever before. The main goal of this paper is to highlight several important areas of research on st...
Technological Design of 3D NAND-Based Compute-in-Memory Architecture for GB-Scale Deep Neural Network

In this work, a heterogeneous integration strategy of 3D NAND based compute-in-memory (CIM) architecture is proposed for large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs). While most of the reported CIM architectures today have focused on the image classification models with MB-level parameters, we aim at huge language translation models with GB-scale parameters. Our 3D NAND CIM architecture design exploits two fabrication techniques, wafer bonding scheme and CMOS under array (CUA), to integrate CMOS circuits, 3D NAND cells, and high voltage (HV) transistors at different tiers without thermal budget issue during the fabrication process. The bonding pads between two wafers are designed to transfer the input and output vectors while ensuring $\sim 1~\mu \text{m}$ pitch that is feasible by hybrid bonding. The chip size of the 512 Gb 128-layer 3D NAND CIM architecture is estimated to be 166 mm2 with 7 nm FinFET logic transistors. Using the physical and electrical parameters of standard 3D NAND cells, the 1.15-19.01 tera operations per second per watt (TOPS/W) of energy efficiency is achieved.
Segregate, Discriminate, Signal: A Model for Understanding Policy Drivers of Educational Inequality:

Decades after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling banned mandatory race-based separation of students to different schools, school segregation, and inequality in the United States are rapidly inc...
An Adaptable Approach for Generating Vector Features from Scanned Historical Thematic Maps Using Image Enhancement and Remote Sensing Techniques in a Geographic Information System

Historical maps possess a wealth of information that is, unfortunately, often unreachable by modern mapping applications. While the digitization of historical maps allows the information to be utilized in these applications, it is really, in many cases, the conversion of features (from a raster data type to a vector data type) contained on those maps that enables the information to be used more extensively and easily. This paper highlights the ways the University of Idaho Library enriched a thematic map to become more usable in modern mapping applications. We accomplished this by detailing a work flow within Esri ArcGIS for Desktop that takes advantage of image enhancement, geoprocessing tools, and remote sensing techniques to generate a vector data set from a raster image of a historical map. To a large degree, the general work flow developed can be adapted and utilized on similar thematic maps.
Creation of professional networks: an emergent model using telemedicine as a case

Information technologies enhance efficiency oriented organizational networks and enable creation of expertise oriented professional networks. However, whether IT-enabled efficiency and professional networks exist jointly or independently, what their determinants are, and how they interplay remain to be explained. In this study, we seek answers to these questions using case studies of one IT application, telemedicine, at three medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts (USA). We find that telemedicine enables coexistence of efficiency and professional networks. We identify ego and reputation of professionals, intellectual challenge and decision risks posed by problem situations, and tacitness and teachability of the expertise involved as important factors in creation of IT-enabled professional networks. We develop a research model and discuss how these factors interplay in efficiency and professional networks.
Behavioral simulation of VLSI test system AIDS debugging and analysis of test programs

Development, debugging, and analysis of test programs for high performance VLSI test systems can be a costly process. This paper explores the feasibility of using behavioral simulation of the target test system as an effective aid for reducing these costs while providing improved confidence in test program quality. Several new debugging concepts are introduced and the results of a successful implementation of these techniques are presented.
Molecular basis for 5-carboxycytosine recognition by RNA polymerase II elongation complex

DNA methylation at selective cytosine residues (5-methylcytosine (5mC)) and their removal by TET-mediated DNA demethylation are critical for setting up pluripotent states in early embryonic development. TET enzymes successively convert 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), with 5fC and 5caC subject to removal by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) in conjunction with base excision repair. Early reports indicate that 5fC and 5caC could be stably detected on enhancers, promoters and gene bodies, with distinct effects on gene expression, but the mechanisms have remained elusive. Here we determined the X-ray crystal structure of yeast elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in complex with a DNA template containing oxidized 5mCs, revealing specific hydrogen bonds between the 5-carboxyl group of 5caC and the conserved epi-DNA recognition loop in the polymerase. This causes a positional shift for incoming nucleoside 5'-triphosphate (NTP), thus compromising nucleotide addition. To test the implication of this structural insight in vivo, we determined the global effect of increased 5fC/5caC levels on transcription, finding that such DNA modifications indeed retarded Pol II elongation on gene bodies. These results demonstrate the functional impact of oxidized 5mCs on gene expression and suggest a novel role for Pol II as a specific and direct epigenetic sensor during transcription elongation.
Review: Museo delle Terre Nuove (Museum of New Towns)

Museo delle Terre Nuove (Museum of New Towns) San Giovanni Valdarno Inaugurated 21 December 2013 The Museum of New Towns is housed in the prestigious Palazzo di Arnolfo in the town of San Giovanni Valdarno, 20 miles southeast of Florence, Italy. Its thirteen galleries introduce the public to one of the most fascinating developments in medieval urban planning: the foundation of new towns during the three centuries following the demographic and urban renewal that occurred ca. 1000. The curators who successfully responded to the challenge of designing such an exhibition were David Friedman of MIT and Paolo Pirillo of the University of Bologna, the two best-qualified experts on the subject and the authors of numerous publications on the late medieval city. Their collaboration has resulted in a fully bilingual exhibition that employs multiple media, including drawings, video installations, and models produced specifically for the museum. The center of San Giovanni, founded by the Florentines in 1299 to increase their control within the eastern region of Tuscany, is itself an example of one of these new towns (Figure 1). The first gallery is devoted to the museum’s home, the Palazzo di Arnolfo, which was originally built as the town hall and attributed by Giorgio Vasari to the architect Arnolfo di Cambio. This installation aims to reconstruct the history of the palace through the examination of archaeological artifacts unearthed during the recent restorations. A selection of these objects, mostly consisting of medieval …
Hepatitis C virus structural proteins can exacerbate or ameliorate acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection predisposes patients to develop liver failure after acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Mechanisms involved in this were explored using transgenic mice expressing the HCV structural proteins core, E1 and E2. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with 200 mg/kg body weight APAP resulted in significant liver injury at 6 h as indicated by elevated ALT levels, focal centrilobular necrosis and nuclear DNA fragmentation. HCV transgenic mice showed a variable response, with approximately half the animals showing exacerbation of all parameters of liver injury, while the other half was protected. HCV transgenic mice with higher liver injury had lower liver glutathione levels, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and enhanced release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria. This was accompanied by induction of a higher ER stress response and induction of autophagy. Transgenic animals showing protection against liver injury had a robust recovery of liver glutathione content at 6 h when compared to wild-type animals, accompanied by reduction in mitochondrial oxidative stress and AIF release. This was accompanied by an elevation in glutathione S-transferase mRNA levels and activity, which suggests that an efficient clearance of the reactive intermediate may contribute to the protection against APAP hepatotoxicity in these mice. These results demonstrate that while HCV infection could exacerbate APAP-induced liver injury due to induction and amplification of mitochondrial oxidant stress, it could also protect against injury by activation of APAP scavenging mechanisms.
The Structure of Interleukin-23 Reveals the Molecular Basis of p40 Subunit Sharing with Interleukin-12

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a recently identified member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines that modulate subpopulations of T helper cells, and both IL-12 and IL-23 are attractive targets for therapy of autoimmune diseases. IL-23 is a binary complex of a four-helix bundle cytokine (p19) and a soluble class I cytokine receptor p40. IL-12 and IL-23 share p40 as an alpha-receptor subunit, yet show only 15% sequence homology between their four-helix cytokines p19 and p35, respectively, and signal through different combinations of shared receptors. In order to elucidate the structural basis of p40 sharing, we have determined a 2.3-A crystal structure of IL-23 for comparison to the previously determined structure of IL-12. The docking mode of p19 to p40 is altered compared to p35, deviating by a 'tilt' and 'roll' that results in an altered footprint of p40 on the A and D helices of the respective cytokines. Binding of p19 to p40 is mediated primarily by an arginine residue on helix D of p19 that forms an extensive charge and hydrogen-bonding network with residues at the base of a pocket on p40. This 'arginine pocket' is lined with an inner shell of hydrophobic interactions that are ringed by an outer shell of polar interactions. Comparative analysis indicates that the IL-23 and IL-12 complexes 'mimic' the network of interactions constituting the central arginine pocket despite p19 and p35 having limited sequence homology. The majority of the structural epitopes in the two complexes are composed of unique p19 and p35 pairwise contacts with common residues on p40. Thus, while the critical hotspot is maintained in the two complexes, the majority of the interfaces are structurally distinct and, therefore, provide a basis for the therapeutic targeting of IL-12 versus IL-23 heterodimer formation despite their use of a common receptor subunit.
Online Song and Analysis Indexes at the University of Tennessee Music Library

ABSTRACT Finding a song in a score anthology or finding descriptive information on a specific musical work in a book (concert or listener's guide or analytical anthology) is as problematic today as it was two decades ago. Many libraries have turned to creating their own in-house indexes to find the songs or needed information. The University of Tennessee Song Index and The University of Tennessee Analysis Index at the George F. De Vine Music Library help library users find this information. Included in this article is a bibliography of online song indexes.
Influence of boron on other chemical elements in alfalfa

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of three boron rates applied to the soil on the distribution and relative abundance of 12 chemical elements in various alfalfa plant parts at four successive stages of growth. Plant samples were separated into lower leaves, lower stems, upper leaves, upper stems, and tips. These plant parts were analyzed for Zn, B, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, P, K, Na, Al, Si, and Cu. Results of this study indicated: application of B to the soil resulted in increases in concentration of B in alfalfa tissue proportional to the rate of B applied. For most elements, a decrease in concentration was generally obtained when the rate of soil‐applied boron was increased from 6.3 to 12.6 kg/ha; a continual increase in the B concentration from early vegetative to bloom stage of growth and then, a decrease in the B concentration from bloom to seed set was observed for the entire alfalfa plant; the concentration of an element found in leaf tissue was generally greater than the co...
A test of an effective pair potential for liquid water

Matsuoka, Clemeuti and Yoshimine1, potential is tested on the structure of ice VIII. The structure of ice VIII as obtaiend by other models and experimental data is compared with that of the calculated one. (AIP)
Modeling the long-term control of viremia in HIV-1 infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy.

Abstract Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), administered to a HAART-naive patient, perturbs the steady state of chronic infection. This perturbation provides an opportunity to investigate the existence and dynamics of different sources of viral production. Models of HIV dynamics can be used to make a comparative analysis of the efficacies of different drug regimens. When HAART is administered for long periods of time, most patients achieve ‘undetectable’ viral loads (VLs), i.e., below 50 copies/ml. Use of an ultrasensitive VL assay demonstrates that some of these patients obtain a low steady state VL in the range 5–50 copies/ml, while others continue to exhibit VL declines to below 5 copies/ml. Interestingly, when patients exhibit continued declines below 50 copies/ml the virus has a half-life of ∼6 months, consistent with some estimates of the rate of latent cell decline. Some patients, despite having sustained undetectable VLs, show periods of transient viremia (blips). We present a statistical characterization of the blips observed in a set of 123 patients, suggesting that patients have different tendencies to show blips during the period of VL suppression, that intermittent episodes of viremia have common amplitude profiles, and that VL decay from the peak of a blip may have two phases.
Why and by whom the American alcoholism treatment industry is under siege.

Abstract Conventional disease-based inpatient alcoholism treatment is under attack in the United States and internationally because it accomplishes little beyond simple counseling and is less effective than other life-skill-oriented therapies. Nonetheless, disease-model adherents retain a stranglehold on American alcoholism treatment and attack all “nontraditionalists” who question their approaches. One such attack by Wallace (1989) is discussed. In addition, Wallace's claim that his treatment program at Edgehill Newport as well as other private treatment centers have remission rates ten times as high as those found for typical hospital treatments is examined critically. Finally, the group of researchers who question at least some elements of the standard wisdom about alcoholism and addiction is found to include nearly every major research figure in the field.
Acts of Discovery: Visions of America in the Lewis and Clark Journals

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark wove science and raw adventure together in their journals as they blazed a trail from St. Louis to the Pacific. Now, with fresh information drawn from many fields, Albert Furtwangler mines those journals for valuable insights into western American history as well as the process of discovery. Acts of Discovery argues that Lewis and Clark surpassed the enlightened instructions given to them by President Thomas Jefferson. They made a literal, large-scale experiment, probing the interior of a continent and weighing information that eventually would supersede the science, the politics, and even the artistic ideals of Jefferson and his age. Drawing on a background of interdisciplinary learning, Furtwangler illuminates the achievements of Lewis and Clark as naturalists, navigators, and diplomats who faced ever-new surprises as they worked their way west. He shows that their journals trace two very different patterns at the same time - as records of modern scientific reasoning and as a narrative of epic deeds in an American epic setting. Furtwangler also attempts to define Lewis and Clark's place in American history. He examines some ironic outcomes of westward expansion and conquest and brings out the peculiar courage of explorers who were the first (and almost the last) to cross the continent by pulling their way up the Missouri. He also compares Lewis and Clark's discoveries to those of other generations (from George Washington's early years as a surveyor of the new American interior, to the Apollo moon landings), discussing them in light of questions about progress posed by Francis Bacon, Henry Adams, and modern experimental scientists.
Solid state bonding of graphite/thermoset composites via interchain transesterification reaction (ITR)

Thick section composite laminates are expensive and difficult to manufacture because of problems with porosity, large reaction exotherms from epoxies and residual strains. The copolyester thermosets described here can eliminate these problems. Through interchain transesterification reactions, individually cured prepreg plies of graphite reinforced copolyester can be bonded with each other in the solid state. ITR bonding is shown to produce well-consolidated laminates with less than 2% void volume and mechanical properties comparable to those of current high-end polymer matrix composites. DMA testing showed the glass transition to begin at 190°C for a 45% fiber volume fraction composite. Tensile testing of 55% fiber volume composites at room temperature showed modulus, strength and elongation to failure averages of 105.4 GPa, 1.02 GPa and 1.0% respectively.