cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial evolution of soil erosion in Tieling City,Liaoning province

In recent years,the increase of human activities has led to the strong water and soil loss in Tieling Region.In this paper,researches on soil erosion of Tieling region in 1991 and 2001 are carried out using RS and GIS method and also the standard SL190-96 issued by China Ministry of Water Resources,and their temporal and spatial evolution in recent 15 years are analyzed combining with the data of soil erosion in 1986 and 1996.The result indicates that the overall erosion area is gradually increased during this period,and the intensive erosion increased from 1986 to 11996,and decreased in 2001;while the intermediate erosion decreased from 1986 to 1996,and increased in 2001.The spatial analysis shows that the obviously deteriorative regions include Xifeng,Kaiyuan and Qinghe districts,while Tieling county is obviously ameliorative,and Changping and Diaobingshan are nearly unchanged.The future conservation of soil and water should be focused on the harnessing of intensive erosion and the region whose erosion degree was gradually increased.
A BROWSER EXTENSION FOR PROVIDING VISUALLY IMPAIRED USERS ACCESS TO THE CONTENT OF BAR CHARTS ON THE WEB

This paper presents the SIGHT (Summarizing Information GrapHics Textually) system that enables visually impaired users to gain access to information graphics that appear on a web page. The user interface is implemented as a browser extension that is launched by a keystroke combination. The output of SIGHT is a textual summary of the graphic, the core content of which is the hypothesized intended message of the graphic designer. The textual summary of the graphic is then conveyed to the user by screen reading software (such as JAWS). This approach has the benefits of 1) not requiring any action on the part of the web page developer, and 2) providing the user with the message and knowledge that one would gain from viewing the graphic rather than requiring the user to form a mental map of the graphic.
A Powerful DREADD: Revealing Structural Drivers of Functional Dynamics

In this issue of Neuron, Grayson et al. (2016) report how inhibition of amygdala impacts amygdalocortical and corticocortical functional connectivity. Their study predicts changes in functional brain topology, induced by pharmacologic modulation of neuroanatomical circuits using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), through virtual lesioning of amygdala in structural brain networks.
Synchronisation in data networks

Synchronisation is of fundamental importance to the performance of digital networks, but the effects of poor network timing on the information being transported are often largely ignored. This paper provides an introduction to the subject of synchronisation, discusses the current BT network synchronisation arrangements and describes the platform being deployed to address both the current network requirements and the needs of future telecommunications technologies.
An Evaluation of Plant Genotypes for Rearing Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid vectors bacteria responsible for a serious citrus disease known as huanglongbing (also known as citrus greening). Many research endeavors on huanglongbing are dependent on a steady supply of Asian citrus psyllid, which can be facilitated using laboratory or greenhouse colonies maintained on an Asian citrus psyllid host plant. The choice of a plant species may be influenced by the flushing characteristics of a genotype, particularly if the goal is to produce large numbers of psyllids. This is because Asian citrus psyllid is dependent on flush (new young leaves) for reproduction. To expedite rearing, plants can be trimmed to stimulate flush growth. We studied the flushing characteristics of 9 plant genotypes known to be highly susceptible to colonization by Asian citrus psyllid: Afraegle paniculata (Schumacher) Engl., Bergera koenigii L., Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, C. macrophylla Wester, C. maxima (Burm.) Merr., C. medica L., C. reticulata Blanco, C. taiwanica...
Reflections on the Power to Define Psychotherapy Expertise

The field of psychology has struggled to define what it is that makes an expert therapist expert. Just as elusive has been the ability to know and articulate how one achieves expertise as a therapi...
Considering Collective Agency in Kant's Ethics

This paper explores the justifications and ramifications of considering collectives such as states and communties as moral entities within a Kantian moral framework. Kant's criteria for being a moral entity are not helpful for this question, but we will argue that nothing prevents our considering collectives as such. In fact, Kant himself refers to them in this way by means of analogy. By taking this analogy literally we can analyze the morality of of cultural appropriation, proselytism, and a living wage, which we argue cannot be understood properly in a standard Kantian framework.
Influence of Semiconsolidated Sediments on Sound Propagation in a Coastal Region

In 1976, acoustic measurements were performed in shallow water off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida. Seismic refraction and Stonely wave experiments, performed as part of the measurement program, revealed that the seabed at the measurement site consisted of a semiconsolidated sediment overlain by a thin layer of sand. Compressional and shear wave velocities determined for the semiconsolidated sediment layer were 2400 m/sec and 670 m/sec, respectively. Using a normal-mode model that includes the effects of sediment rigidity, the attenuation of the first acoustic normal mode was computed and compared with experimental results for frequencies of 40 Hz to 800 Hz.
Predicting Chronic Heart Failure Using Diagnoses Graphs

Predicting the onset of heart disease is of obvious importance as doctors try to improve the general health of their patients. If it were possible to identify high-risk patients before their heart failure diagnosis, doctors could use that information to implement preventative measures to keep a heart failure diagnosis from becoming a reality. Integration of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) into clinical practice has enabled the use of computational techniques for personalized healthcare at scale. The larger goal of such modeling is to pivot from reactive medicine to preventative care and early detection of adverse conditions. In this paper, we present a trajectory-based disease progression model to detect chronic heart failure. We validate our work on a database of Medicare records of 1.1 million elderly US patients. Our supervised approach allows us to assign likelihood of chronic heart failure for an unseen patient’s disease history and identify key disease progression trajectories that intensify or diminish said likelihood. This information will be a tremendous help as patients and doctors try to understand what are the most dangerous diagnoses for those who are susceptible to heart failure. Using our model, we demonstrate some of the most common disease trajectories that eventually result in the development of heart failure.
On the precision of predicting fishing location using data from the vessel monitoring system (VMS)

Defining fishing grounds based on data from vessel monitoring systems (VMS) has been a widely researched topic in recent years. Much of the research has focused on filtering algorithms for identify...
Wittgenstein, Mathematics, and the Temporality of Technique

One of the stated commitments of the later Wittgenstein’ philosophy is that, just as philosophy must not in any way “interfere” with the practice of mathematicians, conversely and equally, “no mathematical discovery” can by itself “advance” philosophy in its quest to clarify the forms of our lives and language. It would thus appear ab initio that, for Wittgenstein, the mathematician and the philosopher of mathematics, operating with different methods and in distinct regions of inquiry and insight, have very little to say to each other. On the other hand, however, Wittgenstein is committed equally strongly to the idea that philosophy can and should take a different kind of interest in mathematics: not as a body of results to be explicated or methods to be emulated but as a set of techniques or practices within human life, to be understood in general terms only in the context of related practices that are not simply or exclusively mathematical and thereby as illuminating our practices and ways of life, much more broadly. This includes the characteristic practices of mathematics “itself”—activities such as calculating and problem-solving, developing proofs, and making conjectures. But it also, crucially, includes those practices that characterize our practical, lived, social, emotional, and educational experience much more generally—practices, for example, of teaching and learning, of understanding and being convinced, of “seeing” a relationship, and of “knowing” what is the right way to proceed. The philosopher’s interest in these practices, and in particular in the ways that they are involved in (what we call) “doing” mathematics, extends to the illumination of what is meant by (or what we understand by) such “ordinary” phenomena and experience as those of following a rule, practicing a regular method, developing a technique, arguing rationally for a conclusion, and convincing someone of something (whether by means of a “formal” or “informal” “proof”). With respect to each of these, Wittgenstein argues the philosopher’s attention to mathematical practice provides a decisive guideline for the broader kinds of clarification and illumination that philosophical reflection itself produces more generally. It does so, in part, by directing our attention to those features of (specifically) mathematical practice that mark its role within the broader and multiple contexts of what we may call, using Wittgenstein’s terminology, our collective and shared human and linguistic “form of life.”
Dynamic regulation of yeast metallothionein gene transcription via metalloregulatory signaling factors

Yeast cells have provided an excellent model for understanding the functional roles of MT proteins, the transcriptional regulation of MT genes in response to metal and other stresses and how MT gene expression interfaces with cellular metal physiology. As a consequence of exposure to high levels of potentially toxic metal ions, eucaryotic cells must rapidly sense and respond to the presence of metals by rapidly activating the expression of metallothionein genes. In the baker’s yeast, S. cerevisiae, one MT isoform is encoded by the CUP1 gene, which is transcriptionally activated by Cu ions through the Ace1 metalloregulatory transcription factor, a Cu-activated DNA binding protein which is inducibly bound to metal responsive elements and which delivers a potent activation domain to the transcriptional machinery [1]. In the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata, a large MT gene family is transcriptionally activated by the functionally homologous Amtl protein [2, 3]. Although the ACE1 gene is constitutively expressed and the Ace1 protein found in the nucleus, the AMT1 gene is subject to rapid positive autoregulation that is critical to mount an appropriate detoxification response in the presence of high copper ion concentration [4]. The efficient access of Amt1 to the single metal response element (MRE) in the AMT1 promoter requires both major and minor groove contacts on the DNA [5] and the use of a specially formed chromatin structure leads to dramatic defects in AMT1 autoregulation and copper ion detoxification [6]. Interestingly, in response to chronic Cu administration, the CUP1 gene is rapidly and robustly activated by Ace1, yet CUP1 mRNA levels diminish to a new low basal level with no diminution of Ace1 steady state levels. The construction and analysis of Ace1 DNA binding domain fusions to the Herpes simplex virus VP16 protein activation domain show that the CUP1 transient expression is specific to the Ace1 Cu-activated DNA binding domain.
CHAPTER 4 – Implantation

Infertility and rapid population growth are two pressing global reproductive health issues. The processes of preimplantation embryo development and uterine preparation for implantation are two major determinants of the reproductive success. Basic and clinical research to better understand these events will help alleviate problems of female infertility, improve fertility regulation in women, and lead to the development of new and improved contraceptive methods. Interactions between the major uterine and embryonic cell types with respect to endocrine, paracrine, juxtacrine, and autocrine factors during implantation are extremely complex. Strategies comparing global gene expression profiles between the implantation and interimplantation sites have identified novel genes in the implantation process. Thus, a genome-wide screening approach coupled with functional assays will help elucidate these complex signaling pathways. In addition, experiments should be pursued to compare global gene expression patterns between wild-type and gene-deleted mouse uteri and blastocysts under defined physiological experimental conditions. The results obtained from these experiments may help uncover new signaling molecules and pathways not previously identified. The application of proteomics is also likely to provide information regarding interactions among various molecular pathways relevant to implantation.
Secondary Batteries—Introduction

In the early texts on secondary batteries,(1,2) little consideration was given to intercomparison of various systems. These were essentially treatises on the lead-acid battery. This is understandable since the contributions of other secondary systems (e.g., the Edison and Jungner batteries) were then negligible. Since World War II, a number of alkaline electrolyte batteries have been developed and marketed; these have been described in detail.(3) In the past 20 years a host of new secondary battery systems have been investigated and, at present, research in this area is increasing. The impetus for this work is the great variety of new applications for small batteries in the consumer market, and growing interest in electric vehicles, and the possible application of large batteries for utility load leveling. Recently, batteries for electric vehicles(4,5) and utility load leveling(6) have been reviewed. No overall comparison has been made between the several secondary battery systems. The ideal battery using alkali metals and halogens of low atomic weight as the active materials, and meeting the requirements of all applications, has not materialized. As a result, many battery systems are being investigated. The likely outcome is a number of new secondary batteries, each occupying a particular niche in the marketplace because of its unique features.
Biophysics Limits on the Biological Effects of Ultrawideband Electromagnetic Radiation

Very large amplitude pulsed fields are important in many technical applications. Accordingly, the biological effects of such fields is of considerable practical interest. Even as many parameters are required to describe such pulsed fields, the set of such fields that are different in important ways is large and it is impractical to examine the biological effects of the whole set experimentally. Hence, we examine a representive set of such pulses in some detail with the view that the analyses of these pulses will provide a useful overview to the consideration of most specific pulses.
Writers Camp @ ZSR: Camping, Writing, and Publishing in the Library!

Libraries and writers are natural partners. In the Spring semester of 2016, the Z. Smith Reynolds Library hosted 33 student authors who applied to attend at an overnight event known as “Writers Camp @ ZSR”. These students were paired with University artifacts from the Library’s Special Collections to serve as writing prompts, fueled with endless coffee, and offered editorial support from graduate assistants in the Writing Center-- culminating in the publication of a unique collection of student-authored literary works, cataloged by the Library and published by the Library Partners Press in multiple formats. This project, now a biennial event, has helped the Library bring together a community of authors, supporting the scholarly pursuits of these students outside the classroom.
Beyond the shadow of a doubt: The effect of consumer knowledge on restaurant evaluation

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of consumer knowledge about the type of restaurant on perceived restaurant quality on seven dimensions: food quality, healthiness, ambience, food variety, value, contextual, and social. Existing studies comparing chain restaurants with independent restaurants have yielded mixed results. The findings of the present investigation show that both types of restaurants are equally likely to do well and their success or failure depends on what consumers know about a restaurant and how they evaluate it. In contrast, not having a clear identity and position in consumers’ minds does not help the restaurant to succeed. The implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
Evaluation of Treatment-Dose Enoxaparin in Acutely Ill Morbidly Obese Patients at an Academic Medical Center: A Randomized Clinical Trial:

Background: Enoxaparin dosing recommendations for morbidly obese patients are lacking. Retrospective and observational studies reported goal anti-Xa levels with a median dose of 0.8 mg/kg using tot...
Breaking the Crass Ceiling? Performing Irony and White Femininity in Amy Schumer’s Mostly Sex Stuff Stand-Up

Despite the long history of stand-up comedy in popular culture, there has been little sociological attention to the “cultural work” of stand-up. Engaging the sociological imagination, comedy has th...
When Wurst comes to Wurscht: Variation and koiné formation in Texas German

Texas German is a new world language variety that shows some evidence of koine development but also presents with substantial variation at many levels of structure. I present a case study on the variant pronunciation of sibilants in Texas German consonant clusters. This feature is fairly frequent and found throughout the regions of German settlement in Central Texas. After a discussion of the presence of this feature in the donor dialects, I investigate the factors that correlate with variation in the modern language. From an analysis of local and global spatial autocorrelation, I argue that variation is not significantly associated with particular geographic regions and is compatible with stable and homogenous variation. This provides insight into our understanding of new dialect emergence and the mechanisms by which dialect features are leveled over multiple generations.
A Commentary on Ambedkar’s Posthumously Published “Philosophy of Hinduism”

This paper continues the commentary on Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s posthumously published Philosophy of Hinduism. Utilizing resources from various modern continental European philosophers and social theorists, particularly of religion, we elaborate on several key passages within Ambedkar’s overall framework of analysis. The paper continues to explore how Ambedkar conceives relations between philosophy and religion, and how historical shifts in general human consciousness have occurred whereby altering both fields. At the core of his being, Ambedkar is concerned with a methodological justification that will enable him to venture into a penetrating critique of the immoral and amoral nature of Hinduism’s social system of caste. In Part I of the commentary, we followed Ambedkar until he arrived at the criteria of ‘justice’ and ‘utility’ to judge the status of Hinduism. He wanted to test whether this Eastern world religion, which descends from antiquity, meets those criteria, which shape the modern conception of religion. In Part II of this commentary, we expand further on Ambedkar’s thesis as to why Hinduism fails to meet the modern conception when those twin criteria are not met. This thought presupposes various underlying philosophical transformations of the relations of ‘God to man’, ‘Society to man’, and ‘man to man’ within which the Hindu-dominated Indian society forecloses the possibility of individual equality, freedom, and dignity. In making contributions to Ambedkar studies, the philosophy of religion, and political philosophies of justice, this paper sets up Part III of the commentary, which will examine Ambedkar’s actual engagement with the classics of Hinduism’s philosophy and thought in general. Ultimately, Ambedkar is undeterred in his original critique of the social and moral failures of the caste system, thereby intimating ambitious possibilities for its eventual eradication.
HTC Vive Tracker: Accuracy for Indoor Localization

Researchers have extensively explored indoor localization in recent years. Robotic applications often require precise positioning, which is difficult when access to a GPS is limited or compromised. Many of the existing approaches require either prior knowledge of the local environment and fixed landmarks or complex and expensive hardware to achieve the necessary degree of accuracy. In this article, we examine the use of the HTC virtual reality hardware along with our novel approach, VIVEPOSE, to perform indoor robotic localization. We then compare the accuracy of our proposed indoor localization system to current approaches that use traditional odometry sensor-based localization. Finally, we present and demonstrate a leader-follower approach using VIVEPOSE and show how the HTC Vive tracker can be successful for indoor localization for a robotics application.
Racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress: examining emotion dysregulation as a mediator in an African American community sample

Background: African Americans experience more severe and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms compared to other racial groups, and thus it is important to examine factors that are ...
An asymptotic preserving scheme for Lévy-Fokker-Planck equation with fractional diffusion limit.

In this paper, we develop a numerical method for the Levy-Fokker-Planck equation with the fractional diffusive scaling. There are two main challenges. One comes from a two-fold nonlocality, that is, the need to apply the fractional Laplacian operator to a power law decay distribution. The other arises from long-time/small mean-free-path scaling, which introduces stiffness to the equation. To resolve the first difficulty, we use a change of variable to convert the unbounded domain into a bounded one and then apply the Chebyshev polynomial based pseudo-spectral method. To treat the multiple scales, we propose an asymptotic preserving scheme based on a novel micro-macro decomposition that uses the structure of the test function in proving the fractional diffusion limit analytically. Finally, the efficiency and accuracy of our scheme are illustrated by a suite of numerical examples.
A Note on Budgeting and Strategic Profitability Analysis

A budget is a tool that allows an organization to put its strategy into financial terms. It can be described as the financial plan for the organization. The organization as a whole will prepare a profit plan, and it will also be concerned with investment in assets needed to achieve that plan and with cash flow being sufficient to support that plan. So it will typically have a profit plan, a capital budget, and a cash budget, which together will eventually result in a set of forecasted financial statements—an income statement, a balance sheet, and a statement of cash flow. This note focuses on the organization's profit plan. Excerpt UVA-C-2405 Rev. Nov. 5, 2018 A Note on Budgeting and Strategic Profitability Analysis The Budget A budget is a tool that allows an organization to put its strategy into financial terms. It can be described as the financial plan for the organization. A budget may be slightly different for different organizational units. Cost centers will typically forecast costs but may not forecast revenues or profit. Revenue centers will typically forecast revenues but may spend less time on an expense budget. Profit centers will typically forecast revenues, costs, and profits; accordingly, their budget is often referred to as a profit plan. The organization as a whole will prepare a profit plan, and it will also be concerned with investment in assets needed to achieve that plan and with cash flow being sufficient to support that plan. So it will typically have a profit plan, a capital budget, and a cash budget, which together will eventually result in a set of forecasted financial statements—an income statement, a balance sheet, and a statement of cash flow. This note focuses on the organization's profit plan. An organization's budgeting process is a process of resource allocation. Management inevitably has to make tradeoffs in a world with constrained resources. The budgeting process facilitates a formal look by management at the financial implications of different strategic priorities. It forces a discussion of tradeoffs and how resources will be allocated among those competing priorities. Ultimately, it results in setting performance targets and introducing accountability for meeting those targets. And it lays out a plan against which actual results can be monitored to make sure things are on track and going as expected. . . .
(Re)Building the Master's House: Dismantling America's Colonial Politics of Extraction and Exclusion

As socioeconomic and legal inequality continues to be laid bare in the post-Trump United States—due to the convergence of political activity (including a national election cycle and an insurrection) with an economic downtown, a global public health crisis, and the impacts of climate change—one more fissure in the foundation of the American democratic project has become evident. Congresswoman Stacey Plaskett’s management of Donald Trump’s post-insurrection impeachment trial served as an indictment not only of the former President’s alleged misdeeds but modern-day American colonialism—still explicitly codified in law—that extracts service and capital from the Congresswoman and her constituents while excluding them from proprietor and contractor status in the American body politic. This Essay begins an extrapolative exploration of the theory of whiteness as contract as applied to political enfranchisement in the United States, making the case for dismantling present-day American colonialism and reconstructing an expanded version of American democracy as a way to revoke the country’s racial contract.
Pancreas transplantation for cystic fibrosis: A frequently missed opportunity

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. Despite optimized therapy, the majority of affected individuals ultimately die of respiratory failure. As patients with CF are living longer, extra-pulmonary manifestations may develop including pancreatic failure, which manifests as exocrine insufficiency, and CF related diabetes (CFRD). Both of these can be managed through pancreas transplantation. Pancreas transplantation is usually performed in combination with another organ, most often with a kidney transplant for end-stage diabetic nephropathy. In the CF patient population, the two settings where inclusion of a pancreas transplant should be considered would be in combination with a lung transplant for CF pulmonary disease, or in combination with a liver for CF related liver disease with cirrhosis. This report will discuss this topic in detail, including a review of the literature regarding combinations of lung/pancreas and liver/pancreas transplant.
Feasibility of commercial breadmaking using chickpea as an ingredient: Functional properties and potential health benefits

The use of pulses, such as chickpea, has become more relevant in baking as they exhibit potential health benefits such as reduction of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and prevention of colon cancer. It is also a good source of highly bioavailable protein at a low cost. This allows companies to develop new innovative products that meet the demand for nutritional value-added baked goods. Further understanding of the baking properties and rheology of chickpea flours will allow the baking industry to overcome processing and quality challenges related to the effects caused by the addition of non-gluten-forming ingredients. Therefore, the objective of this review was to summarize the rheological properties of baking formulations using chickpea as an ingredient in order to produce quality products while preserving the nutritional aspects of this legume. It also covers health benefits linked to chickpea-specific compounds.
A Comparison of Histologic and Intraoperative Visual Assessments of Transverse Carpal Ligament During Revision Carpal Tunnel Release.

Purpose We sought to determine surgeon-pathologist agreement with respect to distinguishing between a previously undivided transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and scar during revision carpal tunnel release (CTR). Additionally, we aimed to describe the histologic findings of the TCL and flexor tenosynovium during revision CTR. Methods All patients undergoing revision CTR for persistent or recurrent CTS by a single surgeon between 2013 and 2019 were included. An intraoperative assessment was made as to the presence of scar versus a previously undivided TCL by the surgeon. Two pathology specimens (1 consisting of flexor retinaculum and 1 consisting of tenosynovium) were sent for histopathological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The pathologist’s assessment of the flexor retinaculum specimen was categorized as either “ligamentous” if a previously undivided TCL was identified or “nonligamentous” if scar or any other tissue was identified. The surgeon’s intraoperative assessment served as the reference standard when comparing the histologic assessment. Results A total of 40 patients underwent 46 revision CTRs. The histologic assessment agreed with the surgeon’s intraoperative assessment of a previously undivided TCL versus a scar in 30 of 46 (65%) cases. In 12 of 46 (26%) revision cases, the surgeon determined that there was a previously undivided TCL. In these 12 cases, the pathologist identified a ligament 17% of the time. Conclusions Surgeon-pathologist agreement is low with respect to determining previously undivided TCLs versus nonligamentous tissue in the setting of revision CTR. The results of this investigation suggest that pathologists (with limited clinical information) have difficulty confirming the clinical diagnosis of persistent CTS with previously unreleased TCL when using routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. Routine biopsy of the TCL during revision CTR may be of limited clinical utility, as it does not alter the diagnosis or management in these cases. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic III.
Individual and Collective Memory Consolidation : Analogous Processes on Different Levels

We form individual memories by a process known as consolidation: the conversion of immediate and fleeting bits of information into a stable and accessible representation of facts and events. These memories provide a version of the past that helps us navigate the present and is critical to individual identity. In this book, Thomas Anastasio, Kristen Ann Ehrenberger, Patrick Watson, and Wenyi Zhang propose that social groups form collective memories by analogous processes. Using facts and insights from neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, and history, they describe a single process of consolidation with analogous -- not merely comparable -- manifestations on any level, whether brain, family, or society. They propose a three-in-one model of memory consolidation, composed of a buffer, a relator, and a generalizer, all within the consolidating entity, that can explain memory consolidation phenomena on individual and collective levels. When consolidation is disrupted by traumatic injury to a brain structure known as the hippocampus, memories in the process of being consolidated are lost. In individuals, this is known as retrograde amnesia. The authors hypothesize a "social hippocampus" and argue that disruption at the collective level can result in collective retrograde amnesia. They offer the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966--1976) as an example of trauma to the social hippocampus and present evidence for the loss of recent collective memory in mainland Chinese populations that experienced the Cultural Revolution.
Miami Beach, Kentucky

"I LOVE IT,''he said. "I think it's a superb idea. ' ' He poured the last of the Schlitz into the peanut jar glass with the clowns on it. Normally it was my glass, but every time Thornton Blanding came to eat with us, he claimed it, and made a great show of drinking his beer from it. "You see," Mean Buck said to Billie Butterworth. "It's not some crack-brained idea. Thornton likes it." "I never said I liked it, Buck. I said I love it. I think it's just what Sinking Fork needs at this particular juncture." Billie Butterworth fiddled with a carrot stick. She drew a circle with
Bacterial translocation-related mortality may be associated with neutrophil-mediated organ damage.

Balb/c mice were transfused with .2 mL of C3H/HeJ mouse blood. 5 days later, the mice were gavaged with 10(10) 14C-labeled Escherichia coli, and a 20% full thickness flame burn was inflicted. Additional animals were treated with enisoprost (prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) analog) 200 micrograms/kg/day orally for 3 days before burn. Bacterial translocation was determined by both radionuclide counts (dpm) and viable colony counts 24 h post burn. Neutrophil accumulation was evaluated by the measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the liver. In addition, splenic macrophages were separated and cultured for 24 h with or without 10 micrograms/mL of LPS. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and PGE2 were measured in the cell culture supernatants. Consistent with previous work, enisoprost significantly reduced translocation. MPO in the liver was significantly greater in the control group compared to the enisoprost group. There was a significant correlation between MPO content and the degree of bacterial translocation (p < .05). Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage production of IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2 were significantly greater in the enisoprost group.
Advances in acceleration sensitivity measurement and modeling

Various aspects of measurement and modeling which have been discovered while working with 'less precise' devices are discussed. The modeling of acceleration effects in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators and oscillators by means of equivalent electrical circuits is described. Practical considerations in the measurement of UHF and microwave frequency sources are reported. A derivation of the general conditions for an intrinsically acceleration-insensitive crystal resonator is presented, and the application of the conditions to the evaluation of the relative sensitivity of different crystal cuts, modes of motion, mounting geometries, and piezoelectric materials is described. >
Bounds on the minimum mosaic of population sequences under recombination

We study the minimum mosaic problem, an optimization problem originated in population genomics. We develop a new lower bound, called the C bound. The C bound is provably higher and significantly more accurate in practice than an existing bound. We show how to compute the exact C bound using integer linear programming. We also show that a weaker version of the C bound is also more accurate than the existing bound, and can be computed in polynomial time. Simulation shows that the new bounds often match the exact optimum at least for the range of data we tested. Moreover, we give an analytical upper bound for the minimum mosaic problem.
Commanded to Enjoy: The Waning of Traditional Authority and its Implications for Public Administration

This article addresses the recent changes in social experience and the effect these changes have on the practice of public administration. It is argued that we have moved from a society of prohibition to a society of commanded enjoyment. This thesis is explored using the frame of Lacanian psychoanalysis. The central claim is that the waning of traditional authority means that enjoyment or jouissance operates on an axis of possibility or impossibility. In such a realm, the coterminus relationship of science and the market make most things possible.
Human haemoglobin A2: I. Comparison of haemoglobins A2 and A

Abstract 1. 1. Haemoblobin A2, a normal minor component of human blood, has been compared with the normal major haemoglobin A by digestion with trypsin and by characterisation of the resulting peptides on fingerprints. 2. 2. No differences in amino acid sequences have been found between the α-peptide chain of haemoglobin A and A2. The other (δ) chains of haemoglobin A2 have been found to differ from the β chains of haemoglobin A in at least four places. In addition a new tryptic peptide, peculiar to haemoglobin A2, has been found.
Moisture Effect on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Cathode Behaviors in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Moisture effect on cathode behaviors is a major issue for solid oxide fuel cells servicing under severe high temperature environments. This work studies the effect of dry air and moist air on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM821) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF6428) cathodes at 800 °C by investigating the interfacial reaction and degradation through an AISI 441 interconnect/LSM821 (LSCF6428) electrode/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte tri-layer structure. Under the same processing condition, the grain size of the LSCF6428 cathode is smaller than that of the LSM821 cathode. Ohmic resistance and polarization resistance of the cathodes are analyzed by deconvoluting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. The LSCF6428 cathode has much smaller resistance than the LSM821 cathode. Moisture produces a larger effect on the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance of the LSM821 cathode than on those of the LSCF6428 cathode. More chromium diffuses from the interconnect to the cathode for both LSM821 and LSCF6428 electrodes thermally treated in moist air. Based on the structure, elemental distribution, and EIS analysis, the interaction mechanisms between the electrodes and the AISI 441 alloy interconnect are proposed.
Translation of the radioresistance kinase TLK1B is induced by γ-irradiation through activation of mTOR and phosphorylation of 4E-BP1

The mammalian protein kinase TLK1 is a homologue of Tousled, a gene involved in flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The function of TLK1 is not well known, although knockout of the gene in Drosophila, or expression of a dominant negative mutant in mouse cells causes loss of nuclear divisions and chromosome missegregation probably due to alterations in chromatin remodeling capacity. Overexpression of TLK1B, a spliced variant of the TLK1 mRNA, in a model mouse cell line increases their resistance to ionizing radiation, also likely through changes in chromatin remodeling. The TLK1B mRNA is translationally repressed by its 5'UTR and is regulated by the availability of eIF4E. We now report that radiation or doxorubicin result in an increase in the translation of TLK1B, and we have uncovered the likely mechanism for this effect. Radiation causes a shift in the polysomal distribution of TLK1B mRNA, from the untranslated region and small polysomes to the large polysomes, concomitant with an increase in the expression of TLK1B protein. This change is preceded by an increase in phosphorylation of the eIF4E inhibitory protein 4E-BP1, which releases eIF4E when it is phosphorylated. The phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 depends on mTOR, since rapamycin blocked the increase in phosphorylation induced by radiation, and prevented the increase in TLK1B protein expression. The activation of mTOR was likely due to the rapid activation of Akt following radiation. The activation of Akt could be inhibited with wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3 kinase, hence placing PI3 kinase upstream of Akt as a very early event following radiation. Wortmannin also inhibited translation of TLK1B mRNA following activation by IR. This was shown both by western blot and by measuring the initiation capacity of the mRNA, as indicated by its distribution on polysomes. The translational upregulation of TLK1B elicited by DNA double strand breaks represents an interesting mechanism of translational regulation of a protein involved in radioprotection and highlights a novel mechanism of the stress response following radiation.
Coadsorption of Copper and Sulfate on Au(111) Electrodes: Monte-Carlo Simulation of a Lattice-Gas Model

We report ground-state calculations and Monte Carlo simulations for a lattice-gas model of the underpotential deposition of copper on Au(111) in sulfate-containing electrolytes. In a potential range of approximately 100~150 mV, this system exhibits a $$\left( {\sqrt {3} {\mkern 1mu} \times {\mkern 1mu} \sqrt {3} } \right)$$ mixed phase with 2/3 monolayer (ML) copper and 1/3 ML sulfate. Our simulation results agree well with experimental results and with other theoretical work.
Managing Religion and the Judicialization of Religious Freedom

Religious freedom is a highly valued goal for many citizens and political leaders around the world, especially in Western-oriented nations. Much ink has been spilled in defense of religious freedom and many have waxed eloquent about the virtues of promoting religious freedom. Most constitutions and other international documents around the world guarantee religious freedom even if those guarantees are sometimes honored in the breach. Why this focus on religious freedom is occurring and how it is being addressed are the focus of this article.
Presence of Polyribosomes in Conidiospores of Botryodiplodia theobromae Harvested with Nonaqueous Solvents

Polyribosomes detected in extracts of spores harvested with water also were found in extracts prepared from spores harvested with nonaqueous fluids.
Estimated levels of safety for small unmanned aerial vehicles and risk mitigation strategies

In this paper the risks posed by small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)1 are determined using quantitative methods, to calculate the estimated level of safety (ELS). The aim is to determine if the us...
A comparative flora of large urban parks: intraurban and interurban similarity in the megalopolis of the northeastern United States1

Abstract A comparative flora of ten large (≥ 400 ha) urban parks located in or bordering on Boston, MA; New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; Baltimore, MD; and Washington, DC was created. Patterns of species presence or absence were analyzed to determine whether a common urban park flora exists; to determine interpark similarities; and the relationship between species diversity and human population of the counties in which the parks are located. The combined vascular flora for the ten parks contains 147 families, 599 genera and 1391 species, 490 of which are non-native. Fewer than 1% of the total number of species were present in all ten parks and less than 2.5% were present in nine or ten parks, indicating that a common urban park flora does not exist. Floristic similarity was related to the geographic proximity of the parks for both native and non-native species. However, the two parks in Bronx County, New York City had greater similarity to parks in Baltimore, MD and Washington, DC than the three parks in K...
Establishing constitutive relationships for soft biological tissues

Summary form only given. An algorithm is presented by which stress-strain relationships, or constitutive equations, for various soft tissues may be developed, and some of the pitfalls affecting the process are discussed. These concepts are illustrated using the lung as an example. Four elements are required for analysis of the deformation of a body: (1) the geometry of the body in question, (2) a relationship between stress and strain for the material of which the body is composed, (3) the set of external forces applied to the body, and (4) an equation of motion relating those forces to the resulting motion or deformation. >
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as an effective treatment modality for cancers and other localized diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and actinic keratosis. PDT relies on light, photosensitizer and oxygen as elements in its mechanism of action. BODIPY photosensitizers that have been under extensive study over the past decade have been demonstrated as a new class of photosensitizers. In this review, we attempt to summarize the decade-long study of BODIPY-based photosensitizers. We provide an overview of the superior photophysical properties possessed by BODIPY-based agents and the various synthetic strategies employed that have led to improved and selective and/or targeted photosensitizers.
Purification of mevalonic acid dehydrogenase from rat liver by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.

Abstract An enzyme from rat liver which catalyzes the reduction of mevaldic acid to mevalonic acid in the presence of a reduced pyridine nucleotide has been purified about 250-fold. Certain physicochemical properties of the enzyme have been determined and are reported.
Lidocaine patch: double-blind controlled study of a new treatment method for post-herpetic neuralgia

Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common and often intractable neuropathic pain syndrome predominantly affecting the elderly. Topical local anesthetics have shown promise in both uncontrolled and controlled studies. Thirty-five subjects with established PHN affecting the torso or extremities completed a four-session, random order, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study of the analgesic effects of topically applied 5% lidocaine in the form of a non-woven polyethylene adhesive patch. All subjects had allodynia on examination. Up to 3 patches, covering a maximum of 420 cm2, were applied to cover the area of greatest pain as fully as possible. Lidocaine containing patches were applied in two of the four 12-h-long sessions, in one session vehicle patches were applied, and one session was a no-treatment observation session. Lidocaine containing patches significantly reduced pain intensity at all time points 30 min to 12 h compared to no-treatment observation, and at all time points 4--12 h compared to vehicle patches. Lidocaine patches were superior to both no-treatment observation and vehicle patches in averaged category pain relief scores. The highest blood lidocaine level measured was 0.1 micrograms/ml, indicating minimal systemic absorption of lidocaine. Patch application was without systemic side effect and well tolerated when applied on allodynic skin for 12 h. This study demonstrates that topical 5% lidocaine in patch form is easy to use and relieves post-herpetic neuralgia.
Tandem duplications resulting from recombination between ribosomal RNA genes in Escherichia coli.

Abstract A set of Escherichia coli K12 mutants, which carry a tandem duplication of the glyT purD region, have been analyzed. Three types of duplications have occurred repeatedly, and we show that they were generated by recombination between the ribosomal RNA gene, rrnE, which lies to one side of the glyT purD region and one of threerrn genes which occur as direct repetitions on the other side of this region. Characterization of these duplication mutants has involved the isolation of the duplicated material in the form of a DNA circle. Class I duplications, which extend from rrnE to rrnE, are 39,500 base-pairs long, class II duplications, which extend from rrnA to rrnE, are 164,000 base-pairs long, and class III duplications, which extend from rrnC to rrnE, are 258,000 base-pairs long.
Evaluation of multipole integrals and the exponent range problem

Abstract Calculations with two-body interactions are usually accomplished by the use of multipole expansions. For many interactions of physical interest, the terms in the expansions are expressible by use of simple functions which, however, may exceed the numerical range of many computers at large or small coordinates. Various techniques are described which can substantially reduce or eliminate such difficulties with little or no loss in program efficiency.