cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A phase I trial of the proteosome inhibitor PS-341 in combination with carboplatin in platinum and taxane resistant ovarian cancer patinets

5558 Background. PS-341 (Millenium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a proteosome inhibitor, affects p53, NFκB, cell adhesion molecules, and sensitivity to cytotoxic agents to promote apoptosis and inhibit m...
Theoretical Models Applied to AIDS Prevention

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) offer an unprecedented challenge to psychologists. When researchers first identified the underlying cause of the epidemic as a retrovirus, it was apparent that behavior change would be the only means of curtailing HIV infection for literally years into the future while biomedical research searched for a vaccine or cure. AIDS is now well into its second decade, and behavioral methods remain the cornerstone of prevention efforts. Because of the retrovirus’s complex properties, biomedical solutions are slow to emerge and behavioral prevention remains at the forefront of efforts to interrupt the escalating spread of HIV infection and AIDS. For the first time in recorded history, psychologists, rather than biomedical professionals, are the key response to an epidemic. Psychologists can respond through behavior-change interventions on an individual, group, or community level; by altering the social stigma attached to these diseases through attitude-change programs; and by consultation with health educators, health-care providers, public health specialists, and policy-making bodies to aid in translating the scientific database into sound programs and policies.
Pathophysiological effects of nicotine on the pancreas.

Nicotine, a major component of tobacco and cigarette smoking is an addictive agent and has been characterized as a drug of abuse by the US Surgeon General (1–3). The economic burden due to abuse of...
The CNS site of glucocorticoid negative feedback during LPS- and psychological stress-induced fevers

Glucocorticoids exert negative feedback in the anterior hypothalamus (AH) during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fevers, but the central location of their negative feedback during psychological stress-induced fever has not been determined. To confirm that glucocorticoid modulation of LPS fever occurs in the AH, adrenalectomized animals were injected intrahypothalamically with either 0.25 ng of corticosterone or vehicle followed by 50 micrograms/kg LPS intraperitoneally. Animals pretreated with corticosterone developed significantly smaller fevers (P = 0.007) than animals given vehicle. To determine if glucocorticoid modulation during psychological stress-induced fever may occur in the hippocampus, the fornix was transected to block hippocampal communication with the AH. This resulted in significantly larger psychological stress-induced fevers (P = 0.02) compared with sham-operated animals. There were no differences between these groups for LPS-induced fevers (P = 0.92). To determine where in the hippocampus glucocorticoids might exert their negative feedback during psychological stress, rats were microinjected with either 1 ng RU-38486 (a type II glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) or vehicle into the dentate gyrus prior to exposure to the open field. There were no differences between the psychological stress-induced fevers of the RU-38486- and vehicle-injected groups, supporting the hypothesis that these fevers are modulated elsewhere in the hippocampus. Our data support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids modulate LPS-induced fever in the AH and do not involve the hippocampus, and that psychological stress-induced fevers are modulated by neural connections between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. The precise sites of action of glucocorticoid negative feedback on stress-induced fevers in the hippocampus (or other brain regions) are not yet known.
The training of psychiatric practitioners

Abstract The specific treatment activities of two consecutive classes of psychiatric residents trained in a medical center department of psychiatry have been described and analyzed. Fourteen residents were studied in their individual assignments to 1210 patients over a two-and-a-half year period of training. These contacts were studied in regard to admission, treatment, supervision, dispositions and demographic information. Although there was considerable variation among these residents, the group averaged 87 patient assignments and performed an average of 2500 hours of psychotherapy. Most (83 per cent) of the patient assignments occurred during the first (inpatient) year of training. Although none of these patients had been committed, nearly 40 per cent had been maneuvered into admission by family, friends or professionals. Eighty-three per cent of the patients received treatment; seventy-seven per cent were given some form of psychotherapy. Only half of the cases received formal, continuing supervision. The demographic characteristics of the patient population were similar to those reported in previous studies. This present article summarizes the collective experiences of these fourteen residents with the study population, although some indication of the variation among residents is illustrated.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods and Rhetorical Theory in the 'Third Generation'

This paper, written for an audience of law school faculty who teach and research legal communication topics, covers the basic differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. It contextualizes rhetorical theory and rhetorical methods of inquiry, specifically rhetorical criticism, within the qualitative/quantitative structure. it suggests that the "third generation" of legal writing/legal communication scholarship is best developed by understanding the differences between theory and method, the differences between qualitative and quantitative research, and the place of rhetorical theory and method in the community's research practices.
Controlled carbohydrate nutrition 2012: Up-date on lo-carb

A rates of obesity continue to increase, traditional treatment programs show varying success and recidivism is common. Controlled carbohydrate approaches to weight control are becoming increasingly popular in the public sphere, but until recently, clinical trials reported in the literature have been scarce. Over the few years, several clinical trials describing weight loss regimens which control for carbohydrate quality or quantity, rather than energy or fat intake, have been published, and results have been promising. There are essentially three different types of controlled carbohydrate approaches: low-glycemic approaches, which includes the low GI diet and the Paleolithic diet; the ketogenic diet, which includes protein sparing modified fasts (ie. optifast) and non-energy restricted ketogenic diets (ie. Atkins Diet, South Beach Diet); and diets that control for the timing of carbohydrate intake. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the history of low carbohydrate diets, discuss the biochemistry and potential mechanisms for weight loss in these approaches, and review the recent literature regarding controlled carbohydrate approaches. We will also present data from our ongoing clinical trials in this area.
Inactivation of Poliovirus 1 and Coxsackievirus B-2 in Broiled Hamburgers

Thermal stability of two enteroviruses, poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus B-2, inoculated into ground beef patties was investigated using household broiling procedures. Internal temperatures during cooking were monitored by thermocouples placed in the centers of patties. The appearance of the centers of hamburgers correlated with the temperatures reached: red-pink-rare, 60 C (140 F); pink-brown-medium, 71 C (160 F); and brown-well-done, 76.7 C (170 F). Cooked and uncooked virus-inoculated patties were assayed for viral plaque forming units produced in Vero monkey kidney cell cultures. No viruses were detected in patties cooked to 60 C (140 F) and held at room temperature for 3 min. However, virus was recovered from 8 of 24 patties cooked to 60 C (140 F) and immediately cooled to 23 C (74 F). No viruses were detected in patties heated to 71 C (160 F) or 76.7 C (170 F) internal temperatures. Results indicate that the cooking time and temperatures used to prepare rare hamburgers wherein the center meat remains...
Influence of Fractionation Scheme and Tumor Location on Toxicities After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Large (≥5 cm) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multi-institutional Analysis.

Purpose To describe the impact of fractionation scheme and tumor location on toxicities in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for ≥5-cm non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as part of a multi-institutional analysis. Methods Patients with primary ≥5-cm N0 M0 NSCLC who underwent ≤5-fraction SBRT were examined across multiple high-volume SBRT centers. Collected data included clinical/treatment parameters; toxicities were prospectively assessed at each institution according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Patients treated daily were compared with those treated every other day (QOD)/other nondaily regimens. Stratification between central and peripheral tumors was also performed. Results Ninety-two patients from 12 institutions were evaluated (2004-2016), with median follow-up of 12 months. In total there were 23 (25%) and 6 (7%) grade ≥2 and grade ≥3 toxicities, respectively. Grades 2 and 3 pulmonary toxicities occurred in 9% and 4%, respectively; 1 patient treated daily experienced grade 5 radiation pneumonitis. Of the entire cohort, 46 patients underwent daily SBRT, and 46 received QOD (n=40)/other nondaily (n=6) regimens. Clinical/treatment parameters were similar between groups; the QOD/other group was more likely to receive 3-/4-fraction schemas. Patients treated QOD/other experienced significantly fewer grade ≥2 toxicities as compared with daily treatment (7% vs 43%, P P =.014). Patients with peripheral tumors (n=66) were more likely to receive 3-/4-fraction regimens than those with central tumors (n=26). No significant differences in grade ≥2 toxicities were identified according to tumor location ( P >.05). Conclusions From this multi-institutional study, toxicity of SBRT for ≥5-cm lesions is acceptable, and daily treatment was associated with a higher rate of toxicities.
Efficient Processing and Displaying of Active Systems Data

Often, to assess the performance potential of active systems, a sequence of measurements to characterize the reverberation is performed. The measurement data are then analyzed to estimate parameters such as backscattering strength, the processing gain against reverberation of a replica correlator and the statistics of reverberant returns in range/ beam/Doppler/pulse space. From a comprehension of the reverberation field, reverberation discriminants and clutter-rejection techniques can then be developed and applied to these data in an effort to determine the performance potential of active systems. Due to the large computational load associated with active systems data, it is imperative to develop processing and display techniques that allow both a quick overview and detailed analysis of the data. Typically, we desire full range, azimuthal and Doppler coverage for each (sub-)transmission. For a Doppler-sensitive broadband multipulse waveform, the number of matched-filter data points would be TxNxMxDxPxS, where T is the duration of the processing (typically the ping-repetition rate), N is the number of samples per second, M is the number of beam channels, D is the number of Doppler channels, P is the number of normalization schemes, and S is the number of pulses per transmission.
Palliative Care in Heart Failure: Rationale, Evidence, and Future Priorities

Patients with heart failure (HF) and their families experience stress and suffering from a variety of sources over the course of the HF experience. Palliative care is an interdisciplinary service and an overall approach to care that improves quality of life and alleviates suffering for those living with serious illness, regardless of prognosis. In this review, we synthesize the evidence from randomized clinical trials of palliative care interventions in HF. While the evidence base for palliative care in HF is promising, it is still in its infancy and requires additional high-quality, methodologically sound studies to clearly elucidate the role of palliative care for patients and families living with the burdens of HF. Yet, an increase in attention to primary palliative care (e.g., basic physical and emotional symptom management, advance care planning), provided by primary care and cardiology clinicians, may be a vehicle to address unmet palliative needs earlier and throughout the illness course.
Leveraging GPUs for handling large SAR data volumes for the NISAR mission

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission [4] will redefine the future of earth science in terms of both the quality as well as the quantity of data that will be downlinked daily. The InSAR Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) [1], a powerful, modular, and extensible framework, is expected to be used as the processing engine for generating tens of terabytes of SAR data products from the NISAR mission on a daily basis. Until recently, the ISCE framework was designed to exploit traditional CPU-based computational architectures. Simulations with SAR data from ESA's Sentinel-1 constellation have shown that these traditional implementations maybe insufficient to handle the daily influx of data from the NISAR mission. This paper describes the initial efforts by the NISAR project team to explore the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to accelerate SAR data processing. Preliminary results from “GPU-izing” interferogram generation workflows indicate that processing times can be reduced by an order of magnitude without loss in precision, potentially setting a new standard for radar processing in the world of “Big SAR Data”.
Existence time for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations in a generalized Gevrey class

Abstract Gevrey class technique is a widely used tool for studying higher regularity properties of solutions to dissipative equations. Maximal radius in a Gevrey class determines a small length scale associated to the decay of the Fourier power spectrum and turbulence. In this paper, we consider existence theory for the three dimensional, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, in a certain generalized Gevrey class of functions, which contains all the analytic and sub-analytic Gevrey classes, and is in turn contained in the space of all C ∞ functions. This class has been in focus recently, pertaining to the study of the attractor for the 2D Navier–Stokes equations, particularly in relation to a question posed by Peter Constantin as to whether or not zero is in the attractor of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations. We show that in the 3D case, the differential inequality that one obtains in this class is almost linear, and the corresponding existence time is better than the reciprocal of any algebraic power of the norm of the initial data (in this class). Subsequently, we compare the existence times with well-known ones in Sobolev classes for certain types of initial data. We also obtain a lower bound for the maximal radius in the generalized Gevrey class under consideration here. The first two authors are delighted to dedicate this paper to Professor Edriss Titi on the occasion of his 60th birthday. They admire Professor Titi’s enormous research contributions to the field of fluid dynamics, as well as his mathematical acumen, novel ideas, and infectious enthusiasm for the subject, as evidenced by his numerous lucid, and enthralling, lectures. This research was completed after the passing of Professor Basil Nicolaenko. The first two authors are confident that he too would have shared their sentiments concerning Professor Titi.
Claims and Project Performance between Traditional and Alternative Project Delivery Methods

AbstractClaims and disputes are common in construction projects and the costs associated with these adversarial relationships can reach up to $4–$12 billion per year. While previous studies have in...
Parallelizing programs for distributed-memory machines using the Crystal system

Abstract This paper presents our position towards the issues raised by the program committee. It describes the Crystal language, its parallelizing compiler, and the performance of two benchmarks on four kinds of parallel machines. We show how a high level program specification can be efficiently compiled for different target machines and give reasonable performance.
Risk of pressure ulcer development in surgical patients: a review of the literature.

Objective The purpose of this paper is to review the scientific knowledge about risk factors for pressure ulcer development in the surgical population. Data source A literature review was conducted from 1960 to present using MEDLINE and the key words pressure ulcer, decubitus ulcer, surgery, surgical patient, research, clinical research, and human. All sources were English. Study selection Included were articles that specifically addressed the risk of pressure ulcers in the surgical population and had ulcer formation as an outcome measure. Data extraction All data were reviewed and extracted by the author. Data synthesis The development of pressure ulcers has been explored in only a small proportion of surgical patients. Few groups of surgical patients have been addressed. Major surgical populations potentially at risk because of their immobility, debility, and therapy have not been studied. A portion of the literature is quite old and one issue is whether the older studies are relevant, considering the rate of change in treatment. Pressure relief, seen as the single most important factor in pressure ulcer prevention, is underrepresented in the analysis of factors leading to pressure ulcer development. Conclusion There is limited information about pressure ulcer risk in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Because the surgical period is defined temporally, and more so than pressure ulcers in the chronically ill, this paradigm must be examined using a time-based evaluation. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guideline for pressure ulcer prevention needs to be tested in surgical patients.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF BORON ANALOGUES OF THE α-AMINO ACIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Abstract The synthesis and properties of some of the first examples of boron analogues of the α-amino acids are presented. Conversion of amine-cyanoboranes to amine-carboxyboranes (boron analogues of amino acids) is described. The synthesis of the boron analogue of glycine, H3NBH2CO2H, from an amine displacement reaction on Me3NBH2CO2H is discussed and its x-ray crystal structure given. These boron analogues, their precursors, derivatives, and related compounds have exhibited significant antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antihyperlipidemic and other biological activity in screens using animal models. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper.
A 5G 28-GHz Common-Leg T/R Front-End in 45-nm CMOS SOI With 3.7-dB NF and −30-dBc EVM With 64-QAM/500-MBaud Modulation

This paper presents a 28-GHz common-leg phased-array front-end in 45-nm CMOS silicon on insulator with transmit and receive capabilities. The design alternates cascode amplifiers with passive switched- $LC$ phase-shifter cells to result in 5-bit phase control with an rms phase and gain error <4° and <0.8 dB, respectively, at 24–30 GHz, over 32 phase states. The front-end has 2- and 3-bit variable gain amplifiers with 7.5-dB total gain control, without affecting the system noise figure (NF). Two low-loss high-linearity single-pole double-throw switches are used to switch between transmit and receive modes. In the receive (Rx) mode, the measured gain, NF, input 1-dB compression point (P1dB), and input third-order intercept point are 16 dB, 3.7 dB, −15 dBm, and −7 dBm, respectively, with 54-mW dc power consumption. In the transmit (Tx) mode, measurements show 16.5-dB gain, an output P1dB of 8 dBm, and an output IP3 of 16 dBm with 100-mW dc power consumption. The error-vector magnitude and adjacent-channel-power-ratio measurements demonstrate quadrature phase-shift keying, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 64-QAM, and 16-QAM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulations with several symbol-rates reaching up to 8 Gb/s data-rate for both the Rx and Tx modes at 2- and 5-dB back-off. The application areas are in fifth-generation phased arrays requiring high-linearity receivers and using external front-end modules for added transmit power.
An investigation of the text features of discrepantly-scored ESL essays: A mixed methods study

Abstract In this explanatory sequential mixed methods study I investigated which textual features are common in L2 essays scored inconsistently by two raters. In the first quantitative phase, I compiled a set of 109 test essays on one topic that received two matching scores or two discrepant scores. I used automatized tools (i.e., Coh-Metrix and Authorial Voice Analyzer) to measure the essays’ complexity, fluency, and interactional metadiscourse. For accuracy and impressionistic measures, two raters coded the essays’ linguistic errors and gave them scores on apparent length and handwriting quality. With this comprehensive set of textual measures representing different levels of language use, I performed a discriminant function analysis and found that seven textual features (i.e., spelling, syntactic diversity, noun phrase density, negation density, voice strength, conceptual cohesion, and apparent length) predicted score discrepancy with a 94.4% accuracy rate. In the second qualitative phase, I used intro- and retrospective data to understand what textual features raters found distinct in the discrepantly scored essays and whether they referred to the seven statistically identified textual features. They attended to spelling errors, apparent length, authorial voice, and syntactic diversity, but did not consider the three other features that were uncovered in the quantitative phase of the study (i.e., negation density, conceptual cohesion, and noun phrase density).
Toward a Contingency Model for the Relationship Between Capacity and Effectiveness in Nonprofit Organizations

This article synthesizes the literature on organizational capacity in an effort to improve our understanding of the relationship between capacity and various measures of nonprofit effectiveness. I ...
Using machine learning to discover shape descriptors for predicting emulsion stability in a microfluidic channel.

In soft matter consisting of many deformable objects, object shapes often carry important information about local forces and their interactions with the local environment, and can be tightly coupled to the bulk properties and functions. In a concentrated emulsion, for example, the shapes of individual droplets are directly related to the local stress arising from interactions with neighboring drops, which in turn determine their stability and the resulting rheological properties. Shape descriptors used in prior work on single drops and dilute emulsions, where droplet–droplet interactions are largely negligible and the drop shapes are simple, are insufficient to fully capture the broad range of droplet shapes in a concentrated system. This paper describes the application of a machine learning method, specifically a convolutional autoencoder model, that learns to: (1) discover a low-dimensional code (8-dimensional) to describe droplet shapes within a concentrated emulsion, and (2) predict whether the drop will become unstable and undergo break-up. The input consists of images (N = 500 002) of two-dimensional droplet boundaries extracted from movies of a concentrated emulsion flowing through a confined microfluidic channel as a monolayer. The model is able to faithfully reconstruct droplet shapes, as well as to achieve a classification accuracy of 91.7% in the prediction of droplet break-up, compared with ∼60% using conventional scalar descriptors based on droplet elongation. It is observed that 4 out of the 8 dimensions of the code are interpretable, corresponding to drop skewness, elongation, throat size, and surface curvature, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that drop elongation, throat size, and surface curvature are dominant factors in predicting droplet break-up for the flow conditions tested. The method presented is expected to facilitate follow-on work to identify the relationship between drop shapes and the interactions with other drops, and to identify potentially new modes of break-up mechanisms in a concentrated system. Finally, the method developed here should also apply to other soft materials such as foams, gels, and cells and tissues.
Senior Shirts

The final two months of the senior year in high school are an emotionally charged time that can be a significant challenge for both students and school personnel. School personnel often struggle to balance an emerging independence with the need to maintain order. This balance is difficult and issues that on the surface seem simple or mundane have the potential to become lighting rods for controversy. This case presents such issues. In this case a senior class challenges the problem solving, legal knowledge, and political savvy of the principal. Candidates are asked to consider the case and determine a legal, practical, and politically defensible solution. Students are then asked to develop a plan to implement the decision and to communicate the decision to the various publics involved. This case can be used in a course on the principalship, school and community relations, or school law.
Osler's Pupil, Henry W. Ochsner, MD (1877–1902): His Life, Lineage, and Death

In multiple editions of his Principles and Practice of Medicine, a 1904 speech, and his essay "A Student Life," Sir William Osler mentions and laments the death due to typhoid of his pupil, Henry W. Ochsner (1877-1902). Harvey Cushing, MD, in his biography of Osler, describes how deeply Osler was moved by "poor" Ochsner's death. Yet little is known about Ochsner. This article describes the life story, lineage, and death of Henry W. Ochsner, MD, a son of Swiss pioneers who settled in Waumandee, Wisconsin. He was a member of a family that includes medical luminaries (e.g., Albert J. Ochsner, MD, the famous Chicago surgeon, and Alton Ochsner, MD, the founder of the Ochsner Clinic); a brilliant student and physician; a humble and beloved fellow citizen; and a favorite pupil of Osler.
3D User Interface for a Multi-user Augmented Reality Mission Planning Application.

In this paper, we present a 3D User Interface design for a shared augmented reality setup to support strategic, tactical, and training platforms. An accurate 3D holographic object registration is necessary to enable a shared augmented reality experience using multiple Microsoft HoloLens devices. We developed a sensor data fusion framework which uses both external positional sensor data and Microsoft HoloLens to reduce augmented reality registration errors in our shared augmented reality application. Our shared augmented reality 3D User Interface design implemented in the application, together with our sensor data fusion framework, enables the use of multiple Microsoft HoloLens to support a mission planning scenario.
Research Genres: Explorations and Applications

1. Toward a world of genre 2. The role of English in the research world 3. Theoretical and methodological issues 4. 'Getting done': The PhD dssertation 5. The PhD defense 6. Research talk and research talks 7. The Research Article Revisited 8. Three remaining issues.
Generalization bounds for weighted binary classification with applications to statistical verification

We describe an approach to statistically verifying complex controllers. This approach is based on deriving practical Vapnik-Chervonenkis-style (VC) generalization bounds for binary classifiers with weighted loss. An important case is deriving bounds on the probability of false positive. We show how existing methods to derive bounds on classification error can be extended to derive similar bounds on the probability of false positive, as well as bounds in a decision-theoretic setting that allows tradeoffs between false negatives and false positives. We describe experiments using these bounds in statistically verifying computational properties of an iterative controller for an Organic Air Vehicle (OAV).
Abstract 149: Postpartum Cognitive Function in Young Women With a History of Preeclampsia: Association With Blood Pressure but Not Large Artery Stiffness

Introduction: Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have elevated large artery stiffness and blood pressure (BP) several years postpartum. Age-related increases in aortic stiffness are deleteri...
Host Factors in Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to remain one of the most deadly infectious diseases worldwide especially in the developing countries. The lack of new drugs for TB, vaccine availability, with increasing global antimicrobial resistance, has prompted more research into defining host factors and developing immunomodulatory strategies. Some of the known risk factors that increase the susceptibility to TB include immunocompromised states such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, smoking, socioeconomic deprivation, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, air pollution, occupational exposures, and alcohol consumption. In this chapter we review the available information about host factors that help understand susceptibility to TB. Defining the host factors is critical to develop host-directed therapies that may enhance host defenses and perhaps reduce tissue damage from chronic TB infections.
Abstract A33: Single-cell profiling reveals subclonal vulnerabilities to therapy in patient-derived 2D and organoid models

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. This is largely due to the fact of high propensity of patients presenting at metastatic stages resulting from symptom ambiguity and a complete lack of general population screening programs. As the overwhelming majority of patients (85%) present with surgically unresectable disease, the 5-year survival rate is dire at only ~8%. Outside of what is known of the commonly mutated genes in PDAC, which include KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A, little molecular information exists that has yielded clinical knowledge that may have an impact on survival outcomes. Therefore, a concerted clinical and research paradigm shift towards higher-resolution investigations of the genomics of PDAC is an area of highest public health significance. In our laboratory, we have leveraged single-cell sequencing approaches in both cell lines and patient-derived tissues to develop models for molecular underpinnings of PDAC and as potential tools for therapeutic stratification. First, to demonstrate the ability to model cellular heterogeneity of tumor populations, single-cell RNA and DNA sequencing was applied to widely used patient-derived PDAC cell lines. Using a bioinformatics pipeline, were able to differentiate between supposedly identical cell lines that had evolved rich subclonal architecture that may provide insight into complex in silico landscapes that naturally evolve as these cells are continuously used by laboratories. We then characterized single-cell gene expression profiles of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to understand their heterogeneous composition and applied an in silico therapeutic drug prediction model to identify and validate combinatorial strategies targeting subpopulations. These present multiple phenotypic traits similar to that of the parental tumor including histoarchitecture, oxygen biology, epigenetic marking, and differentiation status. Orthogonal validation of predicted drugs was confirmed through a high-throughput drug screen of 764 agency-approved candidates on two PDOs. This strategy demonstrated the utility of single-cell transcriptomic profiling from PDOs in effectively identifying heterogeneous enriched pathways and molecular subtypes within cultures to predict viable treatment options using a pharmacogenomic approach. Citation Format: Maria E. Monberg, Vincent B. Pagan, Alexander Semaan, Jaewon J. Lee, Paola A. Guerrero, Senthil K. Muthuswamy, Anirban Maitra. Single-cell profiling reveals subclonal vulnerabilities to therapy in patient-derived 2D and organoid models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A33.
GMOs decoded: a skeptic’s view of genetically modified foods: by Sheldon Krimsky, Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 2019, 216 pp., ISBN 9780262039192

Sheldon Krimsky, professor of Urban & Environmental Policy & Planning at Tufts University, is a well-respected scholar in the philosophy of science. He has published widely on the intersections bet...
Recurrence of Symptoms Associated with Menstruation in a Patient with a History of Periodic Fevers

Abstract Background Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is a cyclic autoinflammatory disease generally diagnosed in childhood. There have been studies suggesting a relationship between menstruation and other autoinflammatory syndromes such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), but not PFAPA specifically. Case This case describes a patient with a diagnosis of PFAPA who experienced complete resolution with tonsillectomy only to have recurrence of symptoms with onset of menstruation. She experienced symptom control with initiation of oral contraceptives. Summary and Conclusion Prior to this case report, there had been no evidence in the literature suggesting a relationship between PFAPA and menstruation despite the observed association in other autoinflammatory syndromes. Onset of menses may be a trigger in PFAPA.
Central KATP Channels Modulate Glucose Effectiveness in Humans and Rodents

Hyperglycemia is a potent regulator of endogenous glucose production (EGP). Loss of this "glucose effectiveness" is a major contributor to elevated plasma glucose concentrations in type 2 diabetes (T2D). KATP channels in the central nervous system have been shown to regulate EGP in humans and rodents. We examined the contribution of central KATP channels to glucose effectiveness. Under fixed hormonal conditions (studies using a pancreatic clamp), hyperglycemia suppressed EGP by ∼50% in both humans without diabetes and normal Sprague-Dawley rats. By contrast, antagonism of KATP channels with glyburide significantly reduced the EGP-lowering effect of hyperglycemia in both humans and rats. Furthermore, the effects of glyburide on EGP and gluconeogenic enzymes were abolished in rats by intracerebroventricular administration of the KATP channel agonist diazoxide. These findings indicate that about half of the suppression of EGP by hyperglycemia is mediated by central KATP channels. These central mechanisms may offer a novel therapeutic target for improving glycemic control in subjects with T2D.
Hypofibrinogenemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation rarely complicate treatment-naïve acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Hypofibrinogenemia (HF) in acute leukemia has largely been attributed to hyperfibrinolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Pathological alterations in hemostasis through various m...
Positive Feedback and Self-Reflection: Features to Support Self-efficacy among Underrepresented Job Seekers

Technologies play a key role in finding employment in today's job market. However, the majority of those who are unemployed, e.g., individuals who have limited education or who are racial and ethnic minorities, are not well supported by existing digital employment tools. Therefore, we conducted an 8-month randomized field experiment to evaluate two tools-Review-Me and Interview4-designed to address these job seekers' key employment needs. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the tools' effects on three factors influencing job seekers' job search intention: job search self-efficacy, subjective norms, and job search attitudes. Our interview data suggested that the tools positively affected all factors, but our survey results were mixed. Interview results suggest that these trends were caused by positive feedback and self-reflection. We contribute ways to integrate these two features into future tools for, and techniques to increase study retention among, underrepresented job seekers.
Crash Testing and Evaluation of Culvert-Mounted Midwest Guardrail System:

Concrete box culverts are usually installed under roadways to allow water drainage without affecting the motoring public. Culvert openings can represent a hazard on the roadside when they do not ex...
Telemedicine lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic: The augmented outpatient otolaryngology teleconsultation.

Abstract Purpose Telemedicine use in otolaryngology waxed and waned during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the U.S. Assessing the patterns of telemedicine use and its perceived limitations during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 allows identification and correction of impediments to consistent telemedicine use by otolaryngologists. Materials and methods Full-time faculty of 2 academic otolaryngology departments in New York City were surveyed regarding their telemedicine use from March through August 2020 during the “first wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on these findings, a method of “augmented outpatient otolaryngology teleconsultation” designed to enhance the quality of the physical examination was developed and employed from August to December 2020. Patients receiving this augmented teleconsult were anonymously surveyed about their telemedical experience. Results Telemedicine use by faculty was minimal prior to the pandemic, but as total outpatient volume decreased 65–84% across subspecialties, it was used by all otolaryngologists during COVID-19. Physicians were less confident in making a telemedical diagnosis at all phases of the study in all subspecialties. Patients who had an augmented otolaryngology teleconsultation were satisfied with it, believed it facilitated earlier care, limited the time and cost of travel to the physician's office and felt their physician was able to perform a sufficient physical examination. Conclusions During the COVID-19 crisis, physicians utilized teleotolaryngology to provide care but were less satisfied with their ability to make an accurate diagnosis. Inexpensive direct-to-consumer digital otoscopes can improve the quality of the physical examination provided and can address both patient and physician needs.
Why we still prescribe so many opioids: A qualitative study on -barriers and facilitators to prescribing guideline implementation

Introduction: Opioid prescribing occurs within almost every healthcare setting. Implementation of safe, effective opioid stewardship programs represents a critical but daunting challenge for medical leaders. This study sought to understand the barriers and aids to the routine use of clinical guidelines for opioid prescribing among healthcare professionals and to identify areas in need of additional education for prescribing providers, pharmacists, and nurses. Methods: Data collection and analysis in 2018-2019 employed a team of two trained facilitators who conducted 20 focus groups using a structured facilitation guide to explore operational, interpersonal, and patient care-related barriers to best practice adherence. Each professional group was interviewed separately, with similar care settings assigned together. Invitation to participate was based on a sampling methodology representing emergency, medical specialty, primary care, and surgical practice settings. Results: Key concerns among all groups reflected the inadequacy of available tools for staff to appropriately assess and treat patients’ pain. Tools and technology to support safe opioid prescribing were also cited as a barrier by all three professional groups. All groups noted that prescribers tend to rely upon default settings within the electronic medical record when issuing prescriptions. Both pharmacists and prescribers cited time and scheduling as a barrier to adherence. Conclusions: In spite of significant regulatory and public policy efforts to address the opioid crisis, healthcare organizations face significant challenges to improve adherence to best practice prescribing guidelines. These findings highlight several facilitators for change which could boost opioid stewardship initiatives to focus on critical systems’ factors for improvement.
The 2020 presidential election and beliefs about fraud: Continuity or change?

Abstract The 2020 presidential campaign was plagued by charges of voter fraud both before and after the election took place. While past literature finds that electoral losers are most likely to express misgivings about election integrity, little else is known about the characteristics of individuals who exhibit these beliefs or how the beliefs have changed over time. Employing national surveys from 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020, we examine the levels of pre-election expectations of fraud in the event of an electoral loss over time, as well as the individual-level correlates of beliefs in a range of election-related conspiracy theories prominent in 2020. Our analysis reveals that beliefs in election fraud are common and stable across time, and only occasionally relate to partisanship. Moreover, we find that, even accounting for the influence of partisan motivated reasoning, several psychological orientations––conspiracy thinking, anomie, dark triad personality traits, and denialism––play a unique role in promoting perceptions of voter fraud.
Convective heat transfer in suspensions of prolate ellipsoids

Abstract Particle Resolved Simulations (PRS) using the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) are performed for flow through suspensions of ellipsoids with aspect ratios of 2.5, 5, and 10 for solid volume fractions from 0.1 to 0.3 in the Reynolds number range from 10 to 200. The mean Nusselt number increases as R e 1 / 2 but shows only a weak dependence on the aspect ratio while increasing between 10-15% with an increase in solid fraction from 0.1 to 0.3. Two common practices of calculating Nusselt number in past literature are reconciled. It is shown that the suspension mean Nusselt number based on individual particles, by definition is always greater than or at the least equal to the Nusselt number based on the internal developing flow analogy. It is established that for R e ≤ 50 , the suspension heat transfer coefficient is very sensitive to the spatial distribution of particles or local-to-particle solid fractions. For the same mean solid fraction, suspensions dominated by particle clusters or high local solid fractions can exhibit Nusselt numbers which are lower than the minimum Nusselt number imposed by pure conduction on a single particle in isolation. This results from the dominant effect of thermal wakes at low Reynolds numbers. As the Reynolds number increases to 100 and beyond, the effect of particle clusters on heat transfer becomes less consequential. Unlike heat transfer, particle clustering has a less significant effect on mean fluid forces such as drag.
Thermal Analysis of DBHi (Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration) Si Bridge

The recently introduced Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (DBHi) Si bridge technology [1] consists of chips directly connected by a bridge chip though Cu pillars, enabling high speed and high band-width communication between CPUs, GPUs and memory chips. The bridge chip resides in a cavity machined in the laminate chip carrier. The remaining structure of the DBHi package is similar to a standard flip-chip package. In this study, we focus on the thermal characterization of the DBHi package using measurements and simulations. We determine how much heat generation is allowed for a bridge chip using a conventional cooling solution from the chip top side. The thermal measurements are conducted using a DBHi package with thermal test chips containing heaters and temperature sensors. The chips are heated by supplying power to the heaters and the temperatures on the chips are measured using resistance temperature devices. We then build a simulation model which is calibrated with the thermal measurement results by adjusting the heat transfer coefficient applied to the package lid top. The model comprises two chips, a bridge chip, interconnects between the chips and the bridge, interconnects between the two large chips and a laminate, a Thermal Interface Material (TIM) and a heat-spreader (a lid). Based on this simulation model, it is examined how much heat generation is allowed for a bridge chip when its maximum temperature is to remain below 75 °C (with an ambient = 40 °C). For example, it is simulated that when each chip generates 100 W (total 200 W for two chips), 26.5 W of heat generation is allowed for a bridge chip. We also consider potential cooling solutions from the laminate side.
Fast-Slow Transformer for Visually Grounding Speech.

We present Fast-Slow Transformer for Visually Grounding Speech, or FaST-VGS. FaST-VGS is a Transformer-based model for learning the associations between raw speech waveforms and visual images. The model unifies dual-encoder and cross-attention architectures into a single model, reaping the superior retrieval speed of the former along with the accuracy of the latter. FaST-VGS achieves state-of-the-art speech-image retrieval accuracy on benchmark datasets, and its learned representations exhibit strong performance on the ZeroSpeech 2021 phonetic and semantic tasks.
Interfacial engineering with NiOx nanofibers as hole transport layer for carbon-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made revolutionary progress in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), to achieve long-term stability and low-cost device manufacturing for commercialization of the devices, selection of proper hole transport layer (HTL) and affordable back contact are still crucial to realize the upscale manufacturing. However, the carbon-based perovskite still faces great challenges to further improve the device performance due to the low quality of the carbon/perovskite interface. Inorganic NiOx is a superior HTL candidate due to its favorable energy band alignment, superior chemical stability, high hole mobility, and low-cost manufacturing. To address the poor interface quality of the carbon-based PSCs, we report electrospun NiOx fibers as an effective HTL, resulting in highly efficient device performance of PCEs up to 13.73% when deployed in our carbon-based PSCs. NiOx has been introduced as an interfacial layer between the perovskite and the carbon counter electrode to study its impact on interfacial modification and device performance.
Bone Status and Body Fat of Healthy Newborn Caucasian Infants

Differences in intrauterine growth result in newborn infants who are small, appropriate or large body weight for gestational age1,2. Bone mineral studies in smallfor-gestational-infants have demonstrated decreased bone mineralization when compared to appropriate-size infants3,4. However, there is no study on bone mineral status of large-for-gestational-age-infants. Until the advent of dual X-ray absorptiometry, body composition analyses in pediatric subjects was limited. We therefore studied different-sized newborn infants with gestational ages between 36 and 41 weeks and evaluated both bone and body fat using the dual X-ray method.