cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cold Survivable Distributed Motor Controller (CSDMC)

This paper presents the results of NASA's COLDTECH development entitled “Cold Survivable Distributed Motor Controller (CSDMC)”. This work addresses the need to lower the mass, power and volume of the motor control electronics and its associated cabling. Landed payload mass of ocean world missions typically requires a spacecraft launch mass of 7-10x the landed mass due to the required propellant to get the payload to the surface. Reduction of landed mass leads to cheaper, more frequent missions and/or increased science return. This work addresses this need by developing a distributed electronics architecture, which places control and power electronics near or at actuators and instruments. The outcome of this effort will result in a 10X reduction in harness mass, enabling a significant increase in science payload which then enables more capable sample acquisition, delivery and analysis systems on these missions. Placing the control and power conversion electronics at or near the actuators or instruments is the cornerstone of our distributed architecture. To do this, we developed the technology necessary to distribute the electronics and place them on a shared interface and power bus. This enables a significant reduction in cable mass along with its associated complexity. This allows spacecraft designers to take advantage of volume at the extremities that would normally not be utilized. In this paper we discuss the technologies and system design to achieve these goals in support of ocean world missions. These technologies include the development of our motor control modules, a point of load regulator and isolated converter modules along with the packaging technology necessary to allow our electronics to survive the extreme temperatures.
A new path from splay to dynamic optimality

Consider the task of performing a sequence of searches in a binary search tree. After each search, an algorithm is allowed to arbitrarily restructure the tree, at a cost proportional to the amount of restructuring performed. The cost of an execution is the sum of the time spent searching and the time spent optimizing those searches with restructuring operations. This notion was introduced by Sleator and Tarjan in 1985 [27], along with an algorithm and a conjecture. The algorithm, Splay, is an elegant procedure for performing adjustments while moving searched items to the top of the tree. The conjecture, called dynamic optimality, is that the cost of splaying is always within a constant factor of the optimal algorithm for performing searches. The conjecture stands to this day.We offer the first systematic proposal for settling the dynamic optimality conjecture. At the heart of our methods is what we term a simulation embedding: a mapping from executions to lists of keys that induces a target algorithm to simulate the execution. We build a simulation embedding for Splay by inducing it to perform arbitrary subtree transformations, and use this to show that if the cost of splaying a sequence of items is an upper bound on the cost of splaying every subsequence thereof, then Splay is dynamically optimal. We call this the subsequence property. Building on this machinery, we show that if Splay is dynamically optimal, then with respect to optimal costs, its additive overhead is at most linear in the sum of initial tree size and number of requests. As a corollary, the subsequence property is also a necessary condition for dynamic optimality. The subsequence property also implies both the traversal [27] and deque [30] conjectures.The notions of simulation embeddings and bounding additive overheads should be of general interest in competitive analysis. For readers especially interested in dynamic optimality, we provide an outline of a proof that a lower bound on search costs by Wilber [32] has the subsequence property, and extensive suggestions for adapting this proof to Splay.
Circularly Polarized Light Reflectance of and Wing Interference Patterns from Insects

Certain insect body and wing surfaces interact with light in unique ways to reflect circularly polarized light or to produce colorful interference patterns. Our study characterizes these optical signatures with the goal of testing whether insects can perceive these optical signatures (i.e. have matched filters).
The Scope of the Problem: Gun Violence in the USA

To update current understanding of the extent and impact of firearm violence in the USA. In the past decade, rates of firearm injury have increased in the USA, both absolutely and in comparison to other high-income countries. Firearm homicides, firearm suicides, and public mass shootings have all been increasing. Firearm homicide rates remain highest for young non-White males in urban areas, and firearm suicide rates remain highest for older White males in rural areas. The burden of all these shootings falls not only directly on the victims themselves but also can impact their families, friends, and communities. These more indirect costs include medical care, grief, fear, hopelessness, and PTSD. The negative effects of exposure to firearm violence have been highlighted in the literature. Individual and community efforts to prepare for and prevent the shootings entail additional costs and burdens. The scope of the US gun problem in 2019 is far greater than is indicated merely by medical costs and body counts.
Detecting and Filtering Immune-Related Adverse Events Signal Based on Text Mining and Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Common Data Model: Framework Development Study

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As most of the immune checkpoint inhibitors are new to the market, it is important to conduct studies using real-world data sources to investigate their safety profiles. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a framework for signal detection and filtration of novel irAEs for 6 Food and Drug Administration–approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods: In our framework, we first used the Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) standardized in an Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) common data model (CDM) to collect immune checkpoint inhibitor-related event data and conducted irAE signal detection. OHDSI CDM is a standard-driven data model that focuses on transforming different databases into a common format and standardizing medical terms to a common representation. We then filtered those already known irAEs from drug labels and literature by using a customized text-mining pipeline based on clinical text analysis and knowledge extraction system with Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) as a dictionary. Finally, we classified the irAE detection results into three different categories to discover potentially new irAE signals. Results: By our text-mining pipeline, 490 irAE terms were identified from drug labels, and 918 terms were identified from the literature. In addition, of the 94 positive signals detected using CDM-based FAERS, 53 signals (56%) were labeled signals, 10 (11%) were unlabeled published signals, and 31 (33%) were potentially new signals. Conclusions: We demonstrated that our approach is effective for irAE signal detection and filtration. Moreover, our CDM-based framework could facilitate adverse drug events detection and filtration toward the goal of next-generation pharmacovigilance that seamlessly integrates electronic health record data for improved signal detection.
Prescripción de ejercicio terapéutico en Fisioterapia. Las bases elementales de la identidad profesional.

Historicamente la concepcion profesional de la fisioterapia se asienta a traves de la utilizacion de la terapia manual y ejercicio como medios terapeuticos principales para recuperar a pacientes con diversos trastornos (Hansson & Ottosson, 2015; Shaik & Maniyat Shemjaz, 2014). Los terminos movimiento y ejercicio estan directamente relacionados con la genesis y evolucion de la fisioterapia. Algunos autores sugieren que la construccion central del cuerpo del conocimiento de la fisioterapia es el sistema de movimiento humano (Coffin-Zadai, 2007; Sahrmann, 2014; Voight & Hoogenboom, 2017), este sistema se define como “la integracion de sistemas corporales que generan y mantienen el movimiento en todos los niveles de la funcion corporal y esta influenciado por factores sociales, ambientales y personales”(American Physical Therapy Association, 2015).
Social Identity from Categorization and Networks: A Multilevel Study of a MMOG Community

Organization ecologists argue social identity comes from category affiliation whereas structuralists argue social identity comes from networks. The same debate has been echoed in computer mediated ...
Multi-Label Separation-Deviation Surface Model for Detecting Spatial Defects in Topographic Surfaces

Surface topography is a critical quality characteristic of many products and manufacturing processes. Various defects commonly appear on the topography of finished products in spatial patterns after or during manufacturing. These defects are difficult to be identified using traditional monitoring approaches because of the complex structure of topographic data. This article develops a novel and effective approach for monitoring spatial defects in topographic surfaces. The approach improves the representation of surface characteristics through the developed multilabel separation-deviation surface (MSS) model, which labels the important surface characteristics and smooths out the noisy characteristics. We develop two features for monitoring changes in the characteristics of the assigned labels. The MSS feature is introduced for capturing deviations within the assigned labels, and the generalized spatial randomness feature is derived for quantifying deviations between the assigned labels. These two features are integrated into a single monitoring statistic, which is successfully applied for detecting various defects in topographic surfaces, outperforming the traditional monitoring approaches.
On the computation of density and two-point correlation functions of a class of random matrix ensembles

We demonstrate a method to solve a general class of random matrix ensembles numerically. The method is suitable for solving log-gas models with biorthogonal type two-body interactions and arbitrary potentials. We reproduce standard results for a variety of well-known ensembles and show some new results for the Muttalib-Borodin ensembles and recently introduced $\gamma$-ensemble for which analytic results are not yet available.
Abstract 17195: Hydroxychloroquine Associated Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients With COVID-19 Extend Beyond QTc Prolongation and Are Accentuated in Those With Myocardial Injury

Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is known to cause QTc prolongation, however its association with other ECG changes and how those are related to markers of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patie...
Dreaming Marx, Engels, Durkheim, and Simmel:

An account of how my philosophical and sociological interests have both clashed and collaborated, beginning with my doctoral work.
COVID-19, COPD, and AECOPD: Immunological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects

The newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes several heterogeneous clinical conditions collectively known as Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Older patients with significant cardiovascular conditions and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are predisposed to a more severe disease complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. COPD is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, and viruses are among the top causes of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Thus, COVID-19 could represent the ultimate cause of AECOPD. This review will examine the pathobiological processes underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on the immune system and vascular endothelium, and the known effects of cigarette smoke on the onset and progression of COVID-19. We will also review the epidemiological data on COVID-19 prevalence and outcome in patients with COPD and analyze the pathobiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of other known viral causes of AECOPD. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 shares common pathobiological and clinical features with other viral agents responsible for increased morbidity, thus representing a novel cause of AECOPD with the potential for a more long-term adverse impact. Longitudinal studies aimed at COPD patients surviving COVID-19 are needed to identify therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV2 and prevent the disease’s burden in this vulnerable population.
Recent Developments in Sensitized Luminescence and Energy Transfer Phenomena in Solids

A brief review of traditional sensitized luminescence is given, followed by a discussion of cooperative and non-linear effects observed over the last few years.
Identification of Phosphatidylcholine-selective and Phosphatidylinositol-selective Phospholipases D in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells*

Intact cells and cell-free systems were employed to characterize phospholipase D (PLD) activity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In cells prelabeled with [3H]glycerol, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) elicited phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolysis by PLD, as shown by the prolonged formation of [3H]phosphatidylethanol (PEt) and an accompanying decrease in [3H]PC. In contrast, bradykinin elicited rapid formation of [3H]PEt (approximately 1 min) accompanied by a decrease in [3H]phosphatidylinositol (PI). When the agonists were administered simultaneously, [3H]PEt formation was biphasic. In cells prelabeled with [3H] choline, at times less than 1 min, bradykinin failed to induce significant change in [3H]choline release. Bradykinin-induced formation of [3H]PEt in the [3H]glycerol-labeled cells was strictly dependent on extracellular Ca2+, whereas TPA-induced formation of [3H]PEt did not require extracellular Ca2+. Cell-free assays for PLD were used to assess the enzyme location, substrate specificity, and cofactor requirements. The PC-PLD activity (PEt formation) against [3H]stearoyl-PC was primarily localized in the 440 x g pellet (membrane- and nuclear-associated), preferred PC as a substrate, required detergent, and was not influenced by Ca2+ at low concentrations but was inhibited by Ca2+ in excess of 0.5 mM. The PI-PLD activity against [3H]stearoyl-PI was found largely in the 100,000 x g supernatant (cytosol), was strictly Ca(2+)-dependent, and did not require detergent. From these data, we conclude that MDCK cells contain two PLD subtypes: 1) a membrane-associated, PC-selective enzyme that responds to TPA resulting in prolonged hydrolysis of PC (the PC-PLD is Ca(2+)-independent, but requires detergent); 2) a cytosolic, PI-selective enzyme that responds rapidly but transiently to bradykinin (the PI-PLD requires Ca2+ but not detergent).
Other Vital Aspects of Successful Network Modeling and Simulation

This chapter contains sections titled: Verification and Validation Data Visualization and Interpretation
Uncertainty modeling and error reduction for pathline computation in time-varying flow fields

When the spatial and temporal resolutions of a time-varying simulation become very high, it is not possible to process or store data from every time step due to the high computation and storage cost. Although using uniformly down-sampled data for visualization is a common practice, important information in the un-stored data can be lost. Currently, linear interpolation is a popular method used to approximate data between the stored time steps. For pathline computation, however, errors from the interpolated velocity in the time dimension can accumulate quickly and make the trajectories rather unreliable. To inform the scientist the error involved in the visualization, it is important to quantify and display the uncertainty, and more importantly, to reduce the error whenever possible. In this paper, we present an algorithm to model temporal interpolation error, and an error reduction scheme to improve the data accuracy for temporally down-sampled data. We show that it is possible to compute polynomial regression and measure the interpolation errors incrementally with one sequential scan of the time-varying flow field. We also show empirically that when the data sequence is fitted with least-squares regression, the errors can be approximated with a Gaussian distribution. With the end positions of particle traces stored, we show that our error modeling scheme can better estimate the intermediate particle trajectories between the stored time steps based on a maximum likelihood method that utilizes forward and backward particle traces.
Corporate Income Taxation in Canada

This paper examines Canadian corporate income tax policy, focusing on the implications of international capital mobility, international tax competition – including the need for a corporate tax structure that is competitive with respect to the United States and other competing economies – and international tax avoidance. The paper begins by considering the arguments for tax exemption or even subsidization of capital income, and then examines the many qualifications to these arguments. This analysis pays particular attention to the implications of the existence of firm-specific and location-specific economic rents and the issues raised by new techniques for international tax avoidance. In all cases, the discussion of theoretical arguments is followed by an examination of the empirical evidence, including studies specific to Canada as available. The paper then traces out the implications of the analysis for corporate income tax policy in Canada, including the recently enacted corporate income tax rate reductions and other potential reforms.
Relationship quality of aggressive children and their siblings: A multiinformant, multimeasure investigation.

Sibling influence on the learning and enactment of aggressive behavior has been consistently demonstrated in studies of sibling relationships. Available evidence suggests that, compared with nonaggressive children's sibling interactions, the sibling interactions of aggressive children are marked by more frequent, intense, and prolonged aggressive behaviors. Although research on normative and aggressive children's sibling interactions has increased recently, a number of limitations in this literature were addressed in this study by: (1) including both an aggressive and nonaggressive comparison group, (2) examining both positive and negative features of sibling relationships, (3) employing a multimethod/multiinformant approach to data collection, and (4) utilizing an improved self-report method. In support of our hypotheses and consistent with previous research, results showed that aggressive children's sibling relationships were marked by higher levels of observed conflict and lower levels of self-reported positive features. When gender was examined, results showed that older brother/younger sister dyads were characterized by higher levels of negative features and lower levels of positive features.
The Work of John Tate

The article is an exposition of the work of Tate, written on the occasion of the award to him of the Abel prize. Tate’s work is explained in the context of “the great reformulation of arithmetic and geometry that has taken place since the 1950s”.
The Effects of Temperature on Development and Survival in Tadpoles of the Tropical Poison Frog Dendrobates auratus

We examined the effects of temperature on developmental rate and survival in tadpoles of the poison frog Dendrobates auratus . Tadpoles reared at 26.2 and 29.4°C reached metamorphosis significantly faster, and had significantly higher rates of survival, than tadpoles raised at 22.3 and 30.9°C. Field studies showed that the mean temperature of bodies of water utilized by D. auratus tadpoles in La Suerte, Costa Rica was 26.2°C. Information such as this may aid efforts to maintain and breed tropical frog species in captivity.
Four-Color Measures of BHB Stars in M 4, M 13 and M 55

Stromgren four-color photometric measures have been made of blue horizontal-branch A stars in the globular clusters M 4, M 13 and M 55 with the Steward Observatory 90 inch telescope and with the 60 inch telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. These stars are faint, ranging in V magnitude from 13.6 in M 4 to 15.5 in M 13 and the corresponding errors in the four-color indices are ± 0.04 to 0.06 in the c1 index, for one observation. The error of the mean value of the c1 indices is approximately ± 0.02 for most of the stars since they have been measured from 4 to 10 times each.
Cognitively Accessible Academic Lessons for Students With Intellectual Disabilities Using the iPad

The purpose of this study was to improve access to general education curricula, through the use of an iPad, for students with intellectual disabilities (IDs). The participants were 72 students (kin...
Application of Energy Dissipation Devices for Seismic Protection of Soft-Story Wood-Frame Buildings in Accordance with FEMA Guidelines

AbstractRecent earthquakes have demonstrated the vulnerability of soft-story wood buildings. A performance-based retrofit option focusing on stiffening/strengthening only the soft ground story, as regulated by FEMA guidelines, was proposed in an attempt to achieve collapse prevention of the ground story while at the same time ensuring damage control of the upper stories. This paper focuses on an alternative retrofit approach that focuses on energy dissipation, in order to achieve a performance that is essentially comparable to the inherent performance target defined in FEMA guidelines. A viscous damper retrofit is designed based on conclusions drawn from parametric studies. Then, the proposed retrofit is validated via slow pseudodynamic hybrid testing of a full-scale three-story building. The test data are presented, interpreted, and compared against both pretest numerical predictions and posttest simulation results after model calibration. It is demonstrated that a damping retrofit, as compared to a stif...
Superoxide dismutase and Fenton chemistry. Reaction of ferric-EDTA complex and ferric-bipyridyl complex with hydrogen peroxide without the apparent formation of iron(II).

A ferric-EDTA complex, prepared directly from FeCl3 or from an oxidized ferrous salt, reacts with H2O2 to form hydroxyl radicals (.OH), which degrade deoxyribose and benzoate with the release of thiobarbituric acid-reactive material, hydroxylate benzoate to form fluorescent dihydroxy products and react with 5,5-dimethylpyrrolidine N-oxide (DMPO) to form a DMPO-OH adduct. Degradation of deoxyribose and benzoate and the hydroxylation of benzoate are substantially inhibited by superoxide dismutase and .OH-radical scavengers such as formate, thiourea and mannitol. Inhibition by the enzyme superoxide dismutase implies that the reduction of the ferric-EDTA complex for participation in the Fenton reaction is superoxide-(O2.-)-dependent, and not H2O2-dependent as frequently implied. When ferric-bipyridyl complex at a molar ratio of 1:4 is substituted for ferric-EDTA complex (molar ratio 1:1) and the same experiments are conducted, oxidant damage is low and deoxyribose and benzoate degradation were poorly if at all inhibited by superoxide dismutase and .OH-radical scavengers. Benzoate hydroxylation, although weak, was, however, more effectively inhibited by superoxide dismutase and .OH-radical scavengers, implicating some role for .OH. The iron-bipyridyl complex had available iron-binding capacity and therefore would not allow iron to remain bound to buffer or detector molecules. Most .OH radicals produced by the iron-bipyridyl complex and H2O2 are likely to damage the bipyridyl molecules first, with few reacting in free solution with the detector molecules. Deoxyribose and benzoate degradation appeared to be mediated by an oxidant species not typical of .OH, and species such as the ferryl ion-bipyridyl complex may have contributed to the damage observed.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide identified in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia of the cat

Abstract Neurons which exhibited vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivity identified with immunohistochemical techniques in the cat thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG, T8–T11) injected with colchicine 2 days prior to sacrifice. VIP-positive cells (5–40 cells per section) were small to medium size ranging from 14–41 μm in diameter. VIP-immunoreactivity was weaker in the thoracic DRG exposed to colchicine by topical administration. The neuropeptide could not be detected in the thoracic DRG (T1–T13) in the absence of colchicine. VIP-immunoreactivity was also identified in the superficial laminae (I and II) of the thoracic spinal cord. The findings indicate that VIP in afferent pathways in the cat is distributed more extensively than previously reported and is not restricted only to the lower lumbar and sacral levels of the spinal cord.
Genetic analysis of the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows evidence of an operonic structure

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients have an unusual mucoid phenotype because of production of the capsule-like exopolysaccharide, alginate. Transcriptional activation of algD, the first gene of a large alginate biosynthetic gene cluster, is associated with conversion to the alginate-producing (Alg+) phenotype. In this study, we examined the regulation of alginate genes immediately downstream of algD. Mutants of the Alg+ strain FRD1 were constructed by gene replacement with defined Tn501 (8.2kb) insertions in the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster, resulting in an Alg- phenotype. The Alg+ phenotype of these mutants was restored by integration of narrow-host-range plasmids containing DNA fragments from P. aeruginosa that reconstructed a continuous alginate gene cluster. A broad-host-range plasmid containing the entire alginate gene cluster except for the terminal gene, algA, was unable to complement an alG::Tn501 mutant unless algA was transcribed from a second plasmid. This indicated that any Tn501 insertion in the cluster was polar on downstream alginate genes. Northern blot hybridization experiments also showed that a transposon insertion downstream of algD adversely affected algG and algA transcription. These results provided evidence that the alginate biosynthetic gene cluster has an operonic structure and is cotranscribed from the algD promoter.
Microtubule interactions with GDP provide evidence that assembly-disassembly properties depend on the method of brain microtubule protein isolation☆

Abstract Microtubule stability in the presence of GDP was found to depend on the microtubule protein purification method used, even though all are variations on the use of warm-induced assembly and cold-induced disassembly with intervening centrifugation steps. Substantial differences in the assembly-disassembly properties were observed with protein prepared in the absence or presence of glycerol under hypotonic extraction conditions as compared to the microtubule protein from a sucrose extraction protocol which minimizes contamination resulting from osmotic shock of cellular organelles. Assembled protein from either hypotonic preparation partially maintained its state of assembly after GDP addition. With protein from the sucrose method, assembled tubules are almost completely depolymerized upon enzymatic conversion of GTP to GDP. The characteristics of the elongation reaction following addition of GDP to assembling microtubule protein also depend on the isolation method. We discuss the conflicting claims in the literature on microtubule interactions with GDP in the light of these new findings.
Risk assessment to support management of a hazardous spill cleanup

A modeling effort was conducted to support management of the cleanup of a hazardous material spill resulting from a rail accident. The model considered transport of the hazardous material through the groundwater system and the human health effects of ingesting contaminated groundwater. The model was implemented as a computer program. Subjective probabilities were assessed to account for uncertainties about model parameters, and Monte Carlo techniques were used to solve the model. The model had significant impact on the management of the spill cleanup and provided a common ground for the cleanup management and government regulators to reach agreement on an acceptable method for concluding the cleanup of the spill.
On computational strategies for problems involving plasticity and creep

This paper discusses computational strategies for elastic-plastic-creep behaviour. These computational strategies, based on the tangent stiffness and initial strain techniques, include solution algorithms, modelling techniques and constitutive relations. A predictor-corrector iterative and non-iterative scheme is presented for combined plasticity and creep. This scheme has been incorporated into the three-dimensional, isoparametric element, module (HEX) of the Grumman PLANS finite element program for nonlinear analysis and used for the problems presented in this paper. The concept of modelling for inelastic behaviour is demonstrated by introducing a variable set of inelastic integration points within a finite element at which stresses and strains are monitored. In order to perform a meaningful analysis, one must understand and justify the employed constitutive relations. To this end, work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in justifying constitutive relations for high-temperature nuclear reactor components is referred to. An analysis of a test model of a nuclear reactor inlet nozzle operating at high temperatures is presented to demonstrate some of the computational strategies discussed.
Oxygen permeability of ferroelectric thin film top electrodes and its effect on detectable fatigue cycling-induced oxygen isotope motion

We investigated the discrepancy between the significant 1 8 O isotope motion observed after bipolar voltage cycling used to induce ferroelectric fatigue in unannealed Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 /Ir (PZT) capacitors and the lack of any observable oxygen tracer motion in annealed capacitors. We found that while unannealed Pt electrodes are permeable to oxygen, annealed Pt electrodes are oxygen impermeable. Further, when the initial oxygen tracer profile does not vary strongly with depth, the ability to detect oxygen motion during fatigue voltage cycling depends critically on the oxygen permeability of the capacitor's top electrode. Our results indicate that oxygen exchange between the PZT film and external oxygen sources and sinks during voltage cycling is not necessary for ferroelectric fatigue to be manifest. In addition, studies of the dependence of ferroelectric materials properties on ambient gases should be accompanied by analysis of the permeability of exposed surfaces to the gases of interest.
A Study in Architectural Iconography: Kaisersaal and the Imperial Cult

Halls in Roman baths and gymnasia with rich multi-story Facades have been associated by scholars with the Imperial Cult and called Kaisersale. By studying their architectural origins and symbolic content, this article shows that indeed they were religious places, honoring the Emperor and dedicated to his cult, but not official seats of the cult like neokorate temples.
Hub location with flow economies of scale

A characteristic feature of hub and spoke networks is the bundling of flows on the interhub links. This agglomeration of flows leads to reduced travel costs across the interhub links. Current models of hub location do not adequately model the scale economies of flow that accrue due to the agglomeration of flows. This paper shows that current hub location models, by assuming flow-independent costs, not only miscalculate total network cost, but may also erroneously select optimal hub locations and allocations. The model presented in this paper more explicitly models the scale economies that are generated on the interhub links and in doing so provides a more reliable model representation of the reality of hub and spoke networks.
Introgression of resistance to reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) into upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Gossypium arboreum and a G. hirsutum/Gossypium aridum bridging line

Abstract Gossypium hirsutum L. is the predominant cotton of commerce and all cultivars of this species are susceptible to the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. To introgress resistance to R. reniformis into the tetraploid 2(AD1) G. hirsutum, a resistant diploid A2-genome Gossypium arboreum accession (A2-190) was crossed with a hexaploid 2((AD1)D4) bridging line (G 371) to obtain a tetraploid triple-species hybrid. The triple-species hybrid was back-crossed to G. hirsutum and a population of 277 BC1 individuals was produced. The BC1s and controls were assayed in growth chambers for resistance to R. reniformis. Fortuitously, the hexaploid bridging line G 371 was also found to be resistant to R. reniformis. The BC1 segregated 3:1, resistant:susceptible, indicating that resistance was conferred by dominant genes at two different loci, with each originating from a distinct germplasm source. This study demonstrated that it is possible to introgress and pyramid genes for resistance to R. reniformis in G. hirsutum.
Geochemistry of selenium in a coastal salt marsh

The cycling of sedimentary selenium was examined over a one-year period in the Great Marsh, Delaware (USA). While total selenium and elemental selenium decrease with depth in the sediments at similar rates, Se(IV + VI) exhibits pronounced seasonality related to the redox conditions of the marsh. Porewater selenium reflects the diagenetic cycling of Se(IV + VI) in the sediments and suggests that a partial remobilization of sedimentary selenium occurs when the upper sediments become oxidizing. Diagenetic and mass-balance models indicate that the major sources of selenium to the marsh are creek waters and atmospheric deposition, while total selenium may be removed from the sediments via the flux of volatile selenium compounds.
Consensus-based community development, concentrated rural poverty, and local institutional structures: the obstacle of race in the lower Mississippi Delta

During the 1990s consensus-building approaches to community and economic development emphasizing local assets and social capital became dominant. These approaches have since been criticized for failing to pay sufficient attention to structural factors, particularly how variation in local institutional conditions affects implementation and outcomes. In this paper I use data collected through in-depth interviews with 73 leaders in four Mississippi Delta counties to address these shortcomings. The findings indicate that the Delta's racialized social structure systematically obstructs consensus-based efforts to construct interracial and inter-institutional relations of trust and cooperation. The paper contributes to literatures on community development, race, social capital, and persistent poverty by explaining the interaction between consensus-based approaches and the institutional structure of the Delta. It concludes with a discussion of how the findings speak to community development theory.
Making drugs on proteins: site-directed ligand discovery for fragment-based lead assembly

Rapid progress in genomics and proteomics has provided a wealth of new targets for the pharmaceutical industry, even as many older targets still remain challenging for small-molecule drug discovery. Fragment-based lead discovery, in which leads are built progressively by expanding or combining small fragments, is a rapidly growing field that offers potential advantages over traditional lead-discovery processes. However, identifying and assembling the fragments themselves can be challenging. Here, we review the concept of site-directed ligand discovery, in which a covalent bond is used to stabilize the interaction between a low-affinity fragment and a target protein. We also describe how this technique can facilitate fragment-based lead discovery and help overcome some of the limitations of traditional screening methods.
Extended‐chain crystals. V. Thermal analysis and electron microscopy of the melting process in polyethylene

Polyethylene extended chain crystals melting process via electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis
Confirmatory factor analysis of the interpersonal support evaluation list

Cohen and Hoberman (1983) designed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) to measure the perceived availability of four relatively independent social support resources and thus to provide tests of stress-buffering hypotheses. The utility of the ISEL for such tests requires evidence that it actually measures distinct functional support dimensions. A confirmatory factor analysis of the ISEL for 133 college students showed that a four-factor model provided a reasonable fit to the data, but the large correlations among the four factors were strongly suggestive of a general, second-order social support factor. However, scoring the ISEL as a unidimensional measure only would result in the loss of unique information contained in the four subscales. Researchers should therefore follow Cohen and Hoberman's procedure of analyzing ISEL subscale scores and the total score.
Expression of estrogen receptor coregulators in normal and malignant human endometrium

Abstract Objectives . To compare the expression of nuclear receptor coregulators in normal and malignant human endometrium and to identify any relationship to grade, stage, age, depth of myometrial invasion, estrogen receptor α (ERα), or progesterone receptor (PR) expression. Methods . Gene expression of SRC-1 , SRC-2 , SRC-3 , N-CoR , SMRT , ERα , and PR was measured in 26 samples of normal endometrium and 30 primary endometrial carcinomas using real-time RT-PCR. ERα protein expression of each tissue was also measured by Western blot. Results . All coregulators showed significantly increased mRNA expression in endometrial carcinoma as compared to normal endometrium. The mRNA expression of each coregulator showed a high correlation with ERα mRNA, PR mRNA, and with the other coregulators in both normal and malignant endometrium. In the normal endometrium, SRC-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with ERα protein expression and SRC-3 mRNA expression was positively correlated with patient age. No relationship was found between coregulator mRNA expression and grade, stage, or depth of myometrial invasion. Conclusion . The nuclear receptor coregulators SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, N-CoR, and SMRT were found to be up-regulated in malignant endometrium. Our findings suggest that these proteins may have a role in the development of endometrial carcinoma.
The Impact of Business Communication Education on Students’ Short- and Long-Term Performances:

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to identify the short- and long-term impact of business communication education on students’ skill developments and performance outcomes. Nearly 400 stude...
Detection of neural activity in event-related fMRI using wavelets and dynamic time warping

In this paper, a method tha combines maximal overlapped discrete wavelet transforms (MODWT) and dynamic time warping (DTW) is presented as a solution for dynamically detecting the hemodynamic response (HR). The MODWT is very effective in extracting only hemodynamic response portions from original signal without any shape distortion. The DTW is desirable for finding various shapes of hemodynamic responses dynamically. The DTW finds the optimal path with minimum cost between the reference signal and the reconstructed input signals by warping the signals in time domain to try to fit the reference. The MODWT-DTW method was evaluated using both simulated and experimental fMRI data. Simulations required identification of 500 synthetically generated hemodynamic responses and 500 randomly generated signals. To access the performance, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were produced. The results indicate better performance for the MODWT-DWT approach compared to the more standard simple correlation methods. Finally, the MODWT-DWT procedure was used to characterize an fMRI data set with good correspondences between solutions derived from statistical parametric mapping techniques.
Engaging inner city middle school students in development of an energy expenditure food label.

Using food labels can be an important component of maintaining healthy weight, but young adolescents are unlikely to have the requisite skills to make use of food labeling information. Our objectives were to determine knowledge about calories and comprehension and use of the Nutrition Facts Panel among a group of inner city African-American and Hispanic middle school students, and to engage the students in refining a Calorie Converter energy expenditure food label. We used quantitative and qualitative methods including questionnaires, focus groups, and hands-on graphic design activities. Correctly defining the word “calorie” was associated with correct answers to three of four questions requiring interpretation of the Nutrition Facts Panel [χ2(1, 138, p < .05) = 4.56, 4.14, and 5.61.] We incorporated students’ design and content modifications for the Calorie Converter label, and the majority indicated that the energy expenditure label would influence their food selection practices.
Investigation of rapid conversion of switchgrass in subcritical water

Abstract The reaction characteristics of switchgrass conversion in subcritical water were investigated using a batch reactor under conditions of rapid rising to 250–350 °C and pressure of 20 MPa, with reaction times varying from 1–300 s. The effects of temperature and reaction time on product distribution and yields of chemical products were investigated. High conversion of switchgrass (90 wt.% on dry biomass basis) can be obtained in less than 60 s under a relative lower reaction temperature of 350 °C, compared with that in a switchgrass flash pyrolysis process where switchgrass conversion achieves only 58.9–78.8 wt.% in temperature range of 450–550 °C. The yield of water solubles (WS) can reach 37 wt.% after reaction for 1 s at 250 °C. The increases in temperature and reaction time lead to increases of the biomass conversion and the yield of gas, while WS yield decreases by secondary decomposition reactions. Many lignin-derived compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis and could well be recovered in methanol solubles (MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of methanol insolubles (MI) indicated that the lignocellulosic matrix could be significantly decomposed, and no char formation was observed, while many lignin structures were left in the MI products. These results provide important information for recovering value-added chemicals from energy crops and biomass waste.
Independent-particle-model potentials for atoms and ions with 36 < Z?54 and a modified Thomas-Fermi atomic energy formula

Using the ab initio energy-minimization procedure of Bass, Green, and Wood, we determine two potential parameters, $\ensuremath{\xi}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$, characterizing the independent-particle-model potential of Green, Sellin, and Zachor (GSZ) for atoms and positive ions with $36lZ\ensuremath{\le}54$. This extends earlier modified-Hartree-Fock (MHF) calculations of Szydlik and Green and of Green, Garvey, and Jackman. We find that both of the parameters in question display, to a good approximation, a linear dependence on the degree of ionization $Z\ensuremath{-}N$ for fixed numbers of electrons $N$. The slopes and $y$ intercepts associated with the linear dependence of $\ensuremath{\xi}$ display marked shell-like behavior, while those associated with $\ensuremath{\eta}$ vary rather smoothly with $N$. Our determinations of total energies are usually within 50 ppm of earlier Hartree-Fock calculations for those cases in which such calculations exist. Using the entire collection of energies and GSZ minimization parameters now available, we reexamine a modified version of the Thomas-Fermi statistical model (MTF) due to Green, Sellin, and Darewych. We show that this model is capable of yielding the linear $Z\ensuremath{-}N$ dependence of the GSZ parameters which we found empirically in the MHF work. By numerical adjustment of the coefficients of our MTF model, we obtain energies of stable atoms and ions, as well as GSZ potential parameters which are in good agreement with the MHF calculations.
Northeast Pacific flatfish management

Abstract Exploitation of northeast Pacific flatfish effectively began in the late 1800s with the fishery for Pacific halibut. Harvest of other flatfish occurred on a limited, local basis until foreign fishing fleets came to the area in the late 1950s. When US and Canadian fishermen replaced the foreign fleets in the 1970s and 1980s, a conservation-based management system designed to control foreign fishing was applied to the domestic fleet. Flatfish stock assessment is based on scientific surveys, both trawl and longline, and on catch-age models. In Alaskan waters since 1989 and since 1996 in Canadian waters, mandatory observers collect data on species composition, discards of flatfish and other groundfish, and catch and discards of prohibited species. Fishermen pay observer costs. Most biomass and harvest occurs in the Bering Sea-Aleutian Islands area. Many northeast Pacific flatfish are near record-high abundance, an order of magnitude higher than 20 years ago. Exploitation rates based on F 35% or F 0.1 generate acceptable biological catch of more than 1 million mt, but annual harvest reaches only 300,000 mt. Total groundfish harvest is limited by an optimum yield limit of 2 million mt in the Bering Sea-Aleutian Islands, where the acceptable biological catch is 3 million mt, and by limits on amounts of Pacific halibut and other prohibited species bycatch. Most flatfish are relatively low-value species, and fishermen chose to fish for more valuable species. A large, powerful fleet which developed under open access in the US saw fishing time decline and economic problems increase as catching capacity grew, while Canada stabilized its fleet with limited entry and catch restrictions for individual vessels.
Sources of information on the costs of library materials

Abstract Indexes of library materials prices are indicators of the changes in the prices of publications purchased by libraries. By means of literature review, this article will define price indexes; give a short history of the American book and periodical price index; describe the Library Materials Price Index Committee and the ANSI standard on price indexes for library materials; comment on foreign price indexes, local price studies, and commercial price studies; report on related publishing studies and sources of current awareness in this field of research; and make observations on the limitations of price indexes and the need for their further refinement.
Complex equiangular Parseval frames and Seidel matrices containing $p$th roots of unity

We derive necessary conditions for the existence of complex Seidel matrices containing pth roots of unity and having exactly two eigenvalues, under the assumption that p is prime. The existence of such matrices is equivalent to the existence of equiangular Parseval frames with Gram matrices whose off-diagonal entries are a common multiple of the pth roots of unity. Explicitly examining the necessary conditions for p = 5 and p = 7 rules out the existence of many such frames with a number of vectors less than 50, similar to previous results in the cube roots case. On the other hand, we confirm the existence of p 2 × p 2 Seidel matrices containing pth roots of unity, and thus the existence of the associated complex equiangular Parseval frames, for any p > 2. The construction of these Seidel matrices also yields a family of previously unknown Butson-type complex Hadamard matrices.