cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease Associated with GBA1 Mutations

Human genetic studies as well as studies in animal models indicate that lysosomal dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Among the lysosomal genes involved, GBA1, has the largest impact on Parkinson's disease risk. Deficiency in the GBA1 encoded enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) leads to the accumulation of the GCase glycolipid substrates glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine and ultimately results in toxicity and inflammation and negatively affect many aspects of Parkinson's disease, including disease risk, the severity of presentation, age of onset, and likelihood of progression to dementia. These findings support the view that re-establishing normal range levels of GCase expression and enzyme activity may reduce the progression of Parkinson's disease in patients carrying GBA1 mutations. Studies in mouse models indicate that PR001, a rAAV9 vector-based gene therapy designed to deliver a functional GBA1 gene to the brain, suggest that this therapeutic approach may slow or stop disease progression. PR001 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials with Parkinson's disease patients carrying GBA1 mutations.
Accuracy and Generalization of Deep Learning Applied to Large Scale Attacks

Distributed denial of service attacks threaten the security and health of the Internet. Remediation relies on up-to-date and accurate attack signatures. Signature-based detection is relatively inexpensive computationally. Yet, signatures are inflexible when small variations exist in the attack vector. Attackers exploit this rigidity by altering their attacks to bypass the signatures. Our previous work revealed a critical problem with conventional machine learning models. Conventional models are unable to generalize on the temporal nature of network flow data to classify attacks. We thus explored the use of deep learning techniques on real flow data. We found that a variety of attacks could be identified with high accuracy compared to previous approaches. We show that a convolutional neural network can be implemented for this problem that is suitable for large volumes of data while maintaining useful levels of accuracy.
Predictors of Changes in Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index After Initiation of Central Nervous System Stimulants in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective To identify predictors of changes in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starting central nervous system (CNS) stimulants. Study design There were 230 medication-naive children aged 5-12 years with ADHD who participated in a randomized trial evaluating the impact of CNS stimulants on growth over 30 months. This observational analysis focused on the 141 participants using study medication for 65 or more days in the first 6-months after starting medication. Biometric variables, ADHD, and oppositional defiant disorder symptom scores at medication initiation, and medication use over the study were examined as predictors of changes in standardized (z) height, weight, and BMI. Results Mean changes in z-BMI, z-weight. and z-height were negative throughout the study. The most consistent predictors of change in z-BMI, z-weight, and z-height were percent days medicated and total medication exposure. Children with lower z-height and z-weight at medication initiation experienced greater z-BMI and z-weight decreases over the first 6 months on medication. Greater appetite suppression during dose optimization predicted greater decreases in z-weight over the entire study and a greater decrease in z-height over the first 6 months on medication. z-weight change correlated with z-height change. Behavioral symptoms did not predict changes in z-BMI, z-weight, or z-height. Conclusions How much and how often CNS stimulants are used predicts changes in z-BMI, z-weight, and z-height in children. Even smaller and lighter children may be at risk for decreases in z-weight and z-BMI. Parent ratings of appetite during dose titration may serve as feasible indicators of future weight and height change in children using CNS stimulants. Trial registration Clinicialtrials.gov: NCT01109849.
Property Law and Social Morality

Part I. A Unified Theory: 1. Property's values 2. An overview of the theory 3. Owner as decision maker 4. Ownership and social recognition 5. Other-regarding decision making 6. Assigning burdens and benefits Part II. Applications: 7. Exclusion 8. Nuisance: spatial coordination 9. Concurrent decision makers 10. Temporal coordination Part III. Legislative Regulation and Social Morality: 11. A theory of legislative regulation 12. The takings power 13. Legislative regulation and due process 14. The promise of unity.
Living With Lupus: A Qualitative Report

This article reports on the findings of a qualitative study based on three focus-groups of individuals (N = 32) living with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The themes that emerged indicated a high vulnerability for self-reported feelings of depression. The four key challenges included: (1) feeling depressed that they are not who they used to be, (2) feelings of depression and anxiety related to coping with the uncertainty of the illness, (3) physical and emotional fatigue of living with a chronic illness, and (4) coping with the financial strain of the illness. These psychosocial challenges should be considered in screening, assessment, and treatment planning for social work service with this population.
Future Stock Performance of Oil and Gas Firms Conditional on the Imputed Value of Reserves

Harris and Ohlson (1990) provide evidence suggesting market inefficiencies in the pricing of oil and gas firms in the 1979–1984 period. This paper examines three possible explanations for their results. First, are differences in oil and gas market values (IVR) explained by risk differences. Second, is the trading rule sensitive to changes in oil and gas prices? Third, can the results be replicated in a later period? We provide evidence in support of the risk-based explanation by demonstrating that approximately 75% of the trading rule return can be explained by adjusting for a stock's covariance with market and energy price movements. In addition, we demonstrate some time specific element to the results since the trading rule performs poorly in a subsequent time period.
Multi-modal mechanical stimuli stage for in-situ calibration of MEMS gyroscopes

We report a multi-axis piezoelectric multi-modal mechanical stimuli stage capable of in-situ calibration of MEMS gyroscopes attached to the stage. The system is fully self-contained with electronics for portable operation. In this work, we demonstrate active calibration of a commercial Z-axis gyroscope ADXRS646 for high bandwidth applications. The dithered stage is capable of pure sinusoidal angular rates at 0-300 deg/s even after being loaded with a gyroscope die, to extract the scale factor and the bias. The stage has the added capability of X-Y in-plane acceleration stimulus 0-90 m/s2 to extract the cross-axis sensitivities which are essential parameters. The measured maximum in-plane cross-axis sensitivity for unpackaged gyro ~ 13.64% (Sx/Sy x 100) operated at ~800Hz bandwidth, providing high bandwidth calibration data useful for personal navigation. The maximum power consumption of the unloaded calibration stage is ~396mWatts during calibration.
Trade and Health

Health measures have posed particularly difficulties within the WTO system. The protection of health is a key responsibility of national governments. Health risks may, however, be invoked to justify and mask protectionist measures. This chapter examines three major sites within the WTO system where health measures are scrutinized:1. The general exception for necessary health measures found in GATT Article XX(b)2. The use of health risk to justify regulatory distinctions under GATT Articles III:43. The WTO's Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement)Health measures enjoy an enhanced status in the WTO system. An otherwise inconsistent measure may be maintained if its principal object is the protection of health. GATT Article XX(b) provides an exception for GATT-inconsistent health measures if (i) the measure is "necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health" and (ii) the application of the measure survives the tests contained in Article XX's chapeau.GATT Article III:4 prohibits discrimination in regulatory treatment between imported products and "like products of national origin." In EC-Asbestos, the Appellate Body rejected Canada's Article III:4 discrimination claim, holding that it was proper to consider the adverse health effects of an imported product in order to support a finding that it was not like competing products of national origin. Given the complexity (and controversy) surrounding the compatibility of health measures with GATT norms, the exception found in Article XX(b) was supplanted by the SPS Agreement. The SPS Agreement applies to most but not all health measures. The SPS Agreement contains both substantive tests and procedural requirements. Importantly, WTO Members are called on to base their SPS measures on a risk assessment, taking into account scientific evidence. SPS measures that "conform to" international standards are presumed to be consistent with WTO norms.
Symulacja cyfrowa lotu samolotu ts-11 ,,Iskra'' w języku macroassembler

In the paper computer realisation of aircraft flight dynamic model and visualisation method of kinematic parameters is presented.
Effects of large, high-resolution displays for geospatial information visualization

Geospatial visualizations are becoming a larger part of society. From using maps to go from one location to another to using battlefield visualizations to help the military, geospatial visualizations are becoming a larger part of people's lives. At the same time, large displays are becoming more prominent in people's lives. From large fifty-monitor tiled displays to dual monitor desktop systems people are using larger displays more often in their daily lives. This dissertation summarizes our work with large displays and geospatial visualizations. We show dramatic increases in performance of more than ten times performance improvement when using larger displays that offer a greater number of pixels. We show performance improvements for a range of tasks from simple navigation to complex pattern finding tasks. This dissertation contributes to the fields of human-computer interaction and information visualization in that it shows performance improvements as analytical force multipliers and explains why such performance exists. It explains how virtual navigation (mouse and keyboard input) correlates to physical navigation (body movement) to explain performance improvements. In addition, this dissertation explains how semantic zooming, space scale, task scale, and task type all are variables that influence human behavior in both navigation and performance. This dissertation addresses primarily geospatial information visualizations, but extends to other generic spatially oriented visualizations. The impacts of large displays for both geospatial information visualizations and generic spatially oriented visualizations are explained.
Analysis and modeling of scale-invariance in plankton abundance

The power spectrum, $S$, of horizontal transects of plankton abundance are often observed to have a power-law dependence on wavenumber, $k$, with exponent close to -2: $S(k)\propto k^{-2}$ over a wide range of scales. I present power spectral analyses of aircraft lidar measurements of phytoplankton abundance from scales of 1 to 100 km. A power spectrum $S(k)\propto k^{-2}$ is obtained. As a model for this observation, I consider a stochastic growth equation where the rate of change of plankton abundance is determined by turbulent mixing, modeled as a diffusion process in two dimensions, and exponential growth with a stochastically variable net growth rate representing a fluctuating environment. The model predicts a lognormal distribution of abundance and a power spectrum of horizontal transects $S(k)\propto k^{-1.8}$, close to the observed spectrum. The model equation predicts that the power spectrum of variations in abundance in time at a point in space is $S(f)\propto f^{-1.5}$ (where $f$ is the frequency). Time series analysis of local variations of phytoplankton and zooplankton yield a power-law power spectrum with exponents -1.3 and -1.2, respectively from time scales of one hour to one year. These values are roughly consistent with the model prediction of -1.5. The distribution of abundances is nearly lognormal as predicted. The model may be more generally applicable than for the spatial distribution of plankton. I relate the model predictions to observations of spatial patchiness in vegetation.
Equivalent circuit parameter extraction of microstrip coupling lines using FDTD method

A new algorithm, in conjunction with FDTD simulation, was developed to perform direct extractions of the equivalent circuit parameters for the coupled microstrip lines. The unit-length capacitance and inductance were derived from the FDTD results. The frequency-dependent microwave parameters such as phase velocity and the characteristic impedance do not show anomalous oscillation. Incorporated with the even-odd analysis, the scattering parameters of the coupled microstrip lines with a flexible coupling length can be calculated. The calculation results were found in good agreement with the measured scattering parameter data.
The Bulk Modulus-Volume Relationship for Oxides

The relationship KV_0 = constant is shown to hold for oxides as well as for alkali halides. The product of bulk modulus and volume depends on the crystal structure, valance product, and a repulsive parameter. The exponential repulsive parameter ρ is calculated for oxides in the halite, wurtzite, corundum, spinel, perovskite, and rutile structures for which elastic constant data are available. This parameter satisfies the relationship ρ = 0.05 (1 + R + 3ΔR where R is the cube root of the molecular volume and ΔR is the difference between R and the radius of the small cation. The reduced Madelung constant α = A/mz_1z_2 (where A is the conventional Madelung constant, z_1z_2 is the valence product, and m is the number of ions in the chemical formula) satisfies the relation α = 0.20 + 0.45ΔR. The calculated values for the bulk modulus and the repulsive parameter can be used to estimate densities at pressures of a megabar with an accuracy of about 1%.
Constant Flux States in Anisotropic Turbulence

An elementary closure theory is used to compute the scaling of anisotropic contributions to the correlation function in homogeneous turbulence. These contributions prove to decay with wavenumber more rapidly than the energy spectrum; this property is sometimes called the “recovery of isotropy” at small scales and is a key hypothesis of the Kolmogorov theory. Although comparisons with a more comprehensive theory suggest that the present theory is too crude, its elementary character makes the scaling analysis straightforward. The analysis reveals some characteristic features of anisotropic turbulence, including “angular” energy transfer in wavevector space.
Determining vegetation indices from solar and photosynthetically active radiation fluxes

Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify the seasonal variability of vegetation spectral indices to deduce leaf area index (LAI) for use in soil–vegetation–atmosphere exchange models using near-real-time and archived flux tower radiation data. The 30-min data from 11 flux tower locations in 5 vegetation types (desert grassland, temperate grasslands, crops, deciduous forests, and pine forest) were collected across the United States. Vegetation indices were derived using solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measured above the vegetation canopy throughout the year. The normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) estimated using the 30-min data was then used to quantify the LAI of the vegetation types at the various sites. The exponential function between LAI and NDVI indicated a non-linear relationship with the maximum tower-derived NDVI/LAI about 0.82/4.5 for corn, 0.85/6 for soybean, 0.6/2–0.8/4 for grasslands, and 0.81/7 for forest. Each vegetation type and environment exhibited unique seasonal and annual signatures of NDVI/LAI. The NDVI/LAI from the flux towers compared well with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data derived at 1-km resolution and derived LAI showed excellent agreement with measurements in corn/soybean crops. These results encourage the use of real-time single point measurements of vegetation spectral indices in characterizing vegetation for routine plant-environment models.
Enhancement of the point-spread function for imaging in scattering media by use of polarization-difference imaging

Polarization-difference (PD) imaging techniques have been demonstrated to improve the detectability of target features that are embedded in scattering media. The improved detectability occurs for both passive imaging in moderately scattering media (<5 optical depths) and active imaging in more highly scattering media. These improvements are relative to what is possible with equivalent polarization-blind, polarization-sum (PS) imaging under the same conditions. In this investigation, the point-spread functions (PSF's) for passive PS and PD imaging in single-scattering media are studied analytically, and Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the PSF's in single- and moderately multiple-scattering media. The results indicate that the PD PSF can be significantly narrower than the corresponding PS PSF, implying that better images of target features with high-spatial-frequency information can be obtained by using differential polarimetry in scattering media. Although the analysis was performed for passive imaging at moderate optical depths, the results lend insight into experiments that have been performed in more highly scattering media with active imaging methods to help mitigate the effects of multiple scattering.
Methylated lysine in storage body protein of sheep with hereditary ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

Abstract Juvenile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) is a hereditary storage disease with an autosomal-recessive mode of transmission. This disorder has been identified in humans, dogs and sheep. It is characterized by massive accumulations of autofluorescent storage bodies in many tissues. This storage body accumulation is accompanied by functional decline and degeneration of the affected tissues, and ultimatelyresults in premature death. The primary defect responsible for juvenile ceroid-lipofuscinosis has not been identified. Previous studies have indicated that the storage material is primarily protein. Why this protein accumulates in storage bodies remains to he determined. In affected humans, the storage body protein appears to be abnormally rich in a methylated derivative of lysine ( ϵ - N -trimethyllysine). Studies were undertaken to determine whether the storage bodies from sheep with hereditary ceroid-lipofuscinosis were also characterized by the presence of this modified amino acid. Chromatographic and mass spectral analyses of hydrolysates of the storage body protein indicated significant fraction of the lysine residues in this protein were present as the ϵ - N -trimethyl derivative. This modified amino acid was not detected in hydrolysates of protein from normal sheep tissues or from tissues of sheep with GM 1 gangliosidosis, nor did it appear to be present in the storage body protein from a human subject with the late infantile form of ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Thus, it is apparently specific to the storage body protein that accumulates in the juvenile type of this disease. The abnormal presence of ϵ - N -trimethyllysine in proteins could interfere with their sorting or degradation within cells and thus cause them to accumulate in the storage bodies characteristic of the human juvenile and ovine ceroid-lipofuscinoses.
MENINGITIS IN AN INFANT DUE TO A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED ORGANISM, MICROCOCCUS FLORENS

These virulence tests lead us to believe that Micrococcus florens is pathogenic for mice, rabbits, and monkeys (Macacus rhesus), producing septicemia, and that it will also cause purulent meningitis in the two latter animals. The combined results of the biological reactions and of the agglutination tests lead us to believe that we are dealing with an organism which, though morphologically similar to the meningococcus, yet is entirely distinct. A review of the literature fails to reveal any description of a Gramnegative micrococcus which grows luxuriantly on all media tested, forms no pigment, and ferments arabinose, dextrose, and galactose.
Fracture toughness of thermally cycled α-Al2O3/Mg alloy metal matrix composites

Essais de flexion 3 points realises sur des echantillons de materiaux composites a matrice en alliage de magnesium renforcee par des fibres d'alumine ayant subi un cyclage thermique allant jusqu'a 1000 cycles entre la temperature ambiante et 450˚C. Mesure de la tenacite en fonction du nombre de cycles et observations des facies de rupture des echantillons par microscopie electronique a balayage et microscopie electronique en transmission.
Remote sensing of CO2 leakage from geologic sequestration projects

Abstract Monitoring for leak hazards is an important consideration in the deployment of carbon dioxide geologic sequestration. Failure to detect and correct leaks may invalidate any potential emissions benefits intended by such projects. Presented is a review of remote sensing methods primed to serve a central role in any monitoring program due to their minimally invasive nature and potential for large area coverage in a limited timeframe or in real-time as a continuous monitoring program. Methods investigated were divided into those capable of indirect detection of carbon dioxide leakage, such as monitoring for vegetative stress and ground surface deformation, and those that directly detect gaseous and atmospheric compounds, by means of such tools as Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared or Tunable Diode Lasers. Both direct and indirect methods present viable means of detecting a leak event, though ultimately, a robust approach will incorporate multiple monitoring tools that may include both direct and indirect remote sensing methods.
Design issues in next-generation merchant switch fabrics

Packet-switch fabrics with widely varying characteristics are currently deployed in the domains of both communications and computer interconnection networks. For economical reasons, it would be highly desirable that a single switch fabric could accommodate the needs of a variety of heterogeneous services and applications from both domains. In this paper, we consider the current requirements, technological trends, and their implications on the design of an ASIC chipset for a merchant switch fabric. We then identify the architecture upon which such a suitable and generic switch fabric could be based, and we present the general characteristics of an implementation of this switching fabric within the bounds of current state-of-the-art technology. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to design a chipset that can be used for both communications and computer interconnection networks.
A two-dimensional, depth-integrated model for internal wave propagation over variable bathymetry

Based on assumptions of an inviscid fluid and weakly rotational flow, a set of depth-averaged governing equations are developed to model long internal waves in two horizontal dimensions. These waves are assumed to be weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive, existing in a two-layer system with a small density difference between the layers. No restriction is placed on the bathymetry or the dominant wave propagation direction. A high-order, finite difference numerical algorithm is developed, formally accurate to (�x) 4 in space and (�t) 4 in time. The model is checked with known analytical solutions and experimental data. Real bathymetry case studies are also performed, including simulations of internal waves evolving in the Strait of Gibraltar and near the island of Dongsha in the China Sea. Numerical results show strong similarities to satellite images taken over the same locations. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Patient response to variations in denture technique. Part V: Microscopic response of the oral mucosa

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different denture construction techniques on the maturation of the oral mucosa. Complete maxillary and mandibular dentures were constructed for 64 patients. Half of the subjects received dentures fabricated by a complex technique, and the remaining subjects received dentures fabricated by a standard technique. Cytologic smears were made from four regions of the denture-bearing mucosa at yearly intervals for 5 years following construction of the dentures. The smears were stained by the Papanicolaou technique. Microscopic analysis based on cytologic characteristic revealed no discernible difference between the mucosa of those subjects with dentures constructed via the complex technique and that of those with dentures constructed via the standard technique.
UNETHICAL DECISIONS: THE IMPACT OF REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES AND MANAGERIAL PHILOSOPHIES

Unethical behavior is a serious issue facing business organizations. This study reports the results of a laboratory experiment involving 338 subjects in an in-basket simulation requiring that they decide whether or not to give kickbacks. Subjects were divided into two groups—each assigned a different managerial philosophy. Subjects were rewarded for unethical decisions on the first three trials and punished for unethical decisions on the last three trials. Results on all six trials support the hypotheses that unethical decisions are dependent on reinforcement contingencies and partially (in the first three trials) support the hypothesis that unethical decisions are dependent on stated managerial philosophy.
Radiation therapy in the management of locally advanced and disseminated breast cancer

Radiation therapy should be fully used in the management of advanced breast cancer. Locally advanced primary or recurrent carcinoma, with limited extent, should be treated aggressively, aimed at permanent control. Palliative treatment of incurable or metastatic lesions relieves symptoms and improves patients' quality of survival. Some metastatic lesions involving vital structures may create emergencies. Prompt institution of radiation therapy may reverse the serious complications and save the patient's life.
Targeting Immunosupportive Cancer Therapies: Accentuate the Positive, Eliminate the Negative

In this Commentary we aim to provide an overview of some specific examples of cancer therapeutics, including targeted approaches using monoclonal antibodies and kinase inhibitors, as well as highlight novel approaches for enhancing immunological responses against tumors. We point out that a fundamental property of the cancer cell, genomic instability, confounds the targeted therapies that aim to induce cell death directly while simultaneously enhancing the potential for immunological attack by creating a large number of neoantigens. We argue for combinatorial strategies with agents that target tumor cells to release these antigens together with innovative therapies that enhance immunological responses by interfering with inhibitory checkpoints.
Self-Talk of Student Teachers and Resulting Relationships

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine the self-talk of student teachers and to determine if it was differentially related to personality characteristics of locus of control and self-esteem. Sixty-nine female preservice teachers recorded self-talk, which was categorized according to transactional states (adult, parent, child), locus of control (internal, external), and directional states (positive, negative, neutral). Results indicated that the preservice teachers engaged in a majority of negative, child-oriented, external self-talk. In addition, preservice teachers with high self-esteem and an internal locus of control tended to emit self-talk statements that were adult, parent, neutral, and internally oriented. A discussion of the findings in relation to the broader context of teacher reflection and development is presented.
Life History Aspects of Exyra semicrocea (Pitcher Plant Moth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract With as little as 3% of southeastern Coastal Plain pitcher plant bogs remaining, it is important to understand the life-history aspects of the endemic organisms that comprise this community. In this study, we elucidate aspects of the life history of Exyra semicrocea (Pitcher Plant Moth) by incorporating unpublished portions of a thesis from 1978–1979 with recent field and lab observations in 2010. We give morphological descriptions of both larvae and adults, as well as behavioral descriptions and mortality measures. In addition, population estimates of E. semicrocea were conducted from east Texas through North Carolina. Our surveys identified four isolated pitcher plant sites where E. semicrocea may have been extirpated. This information has important conservation implications for E. semicrocea and is applicable to other pitcher plant-endemic arthropod species.
The importance of product development cycle time and cost in the development of product families

In today's technologically driven world, the importance of innovation and product development is growing. Firms must develop innovative products faster and more efficiently. This has increased the importance of being able to quantify product development performance. This work attempts to quantify development effort and lead-time based on product and project characteristics through the use of a generative cost model. The model developed in this work projects development cost using direct engineering effort along with indirect cost. These costs are then compared with fabrication and assembly costs. The effects of product platforming on development lead-time and cost are analysed. Two case studies are examined: two instrument panel (IP) beam families and an automotive body-in-white (BIW) family. Results indicate that development costs, while generally a small percentage of total costs, can have significant effects on technology choice and lead to substantial cost savings in product families. Part size and co...
Both NMDA and non-NMDA subtypes of glutamate receptors are concentrated at synapses on cerebral cortical neurons in culture

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors play a key role in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the vertebrate central nervous system. Previous studies have suggested that although both receptor types are present at synapses, the NMDA receptors may be relatively uniformly distributed. We have combined iontophoretic mapping of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors with immunohistochemical localization of synaptic vesicles along dendrites of single neocortical neurons to determine the relationship between NMDA and non-NMDA receptor distribution and the location of synapses. We find that when corrections for glutamate diffusion are made, NMDA responses are concentrated at focal "hot spots" that coincide with non-NMDA hot spots and that there is an excellent correlation between these hot spots and synapses.
Sustainable agricultural management contracts: Using choice experiments to estimate the benefits of land preservation and conservation practices☆

Abstract This paper describes the results of a choice experiment measuring social benefits for sustainable management practices and agricultural land preservation. Sustainable management is conceptualized with three illustrative practices that impact water quality, carbon sequestration, and soil erosion: fertilizing with a broiler litter product, expanding riparian buffers, and no-till cropping. Data for a choice experiment are collected using a mail survey of residents living near a large, unpreserved agricultural parcel in an urban-influenced area of Delaware. Results identify substantial benefits for land preservation, the use of broiler litter, and riparian buffers but not for conservation tillage. Results also suggest that the estimated household benefits of all three sustainable management practices combined are similar in magnitude to the benefits from land preservation alone. Based on model results, policy and future research may wish to examine possibilities for subsidizing sustainable management practices in urban-influenced areas as a more cost-effective means of providing benefits similar to those realized through land preservation.
DNA Deformation in Electric Fields: DNA Driven Past a Cylindrical Obstruction

We present a kinematic analysis and experimental study of DNA deformation in electric field gradients. Specifically, we investigate deformation near a large insulating cylinder with single molecule fluorescence videomicroscopy. Because the electrophoretic velocity field is a potential field, a kinematic analysis shows that local deformation of DNA in any electric field gradient is pure elongation, quantified by a strain rate and orthogonal axes of extension and compression. From the kinematics, we construct the electrophoretic Deborah number relating the competing effects of deformation in the field and the polymer elasticity. We report highly configuration-sensitive stretching at the front of the obstacle and affine compression in the region near the back stagnation point. Furthermore, the DNA also can extend both “pre-impact” and “post-impact” in this inhomogeneous extensional field. We find that field gradient induced deformation offers a simple way to extend and quickly compress DNA near surfaces in m...
The new logics and natural language processing

This paper will attempt to outline very briefly a recent approach to logic known as model theory. It will compare the aims and techniques of this approach with more traditional frameworks and then make a few remarks about possible applications of logic in computer systems dealing with natural language. Logic is concerned with distinguishing correct, or valid, reasoning from that which is incorrect, or invalid. To take an example from the classical Aristotelian syllogisms, we recognize intuitively an instance of valid inference (that is, if we accept its premises, we cannot escape its conclusion):
Increased Malignancy Risk in the Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Patient Population

Abstract Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) has been associated with increased risk for second malignancies. However, the degree of risk and types of second cancers detected have been inconsistent in previous studies. Patients and Methods To further characterize the risk for malignancy associated with CTCL, patients treated for CTCL at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between November 1979 and November 1999 were assessed for the occurrence of additional cancers by analysis of institutional tumor registry data. Results Of 672 patients with CTCL, 112 had ≥ 1 additional cancer, 37 occurring after the diagnosis of CTCL. This represents a significant elevation in cancer prevalence and incidence, with a 1.79-fold risk (95% CI, 1.22–2.39) for developing cancer after CTCL. An excess of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and vulvar cancers was seen. Conclusion These data provide evidence for an increased overall incidence of second malignancy in CTCL, particularly with respect to other lymphoproliferative malignancies. Appropriate monitoring for the early detection of second cancers might be warranted in patients with CTCL.
LCP droplet dispersions: a two-phase, diffuse-interface kinetic theory and global droplet defect predictions

Advanced, predictive numerical tools for liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) are well established. These tools yield descriptive features (steady and unsteady behavior, gradient morphology) of LCPs in the bulk and in confined geometries; some are applicable to LCP hydrodynamics. Our goal here is to expand the hydrodynamic toolkit (a predictive theory, algorithms, and simulations) to two-phase fluids consisting of an immiscible LCP phase (initialized as droplets) dispersed in a viscous or polymeric phase. To do so, we bridge the modeling and simulation gap between molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo discrete lattice models for polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (LC) droplets and continuum scale, diffuse interface methods for LC droplets in viscous fluids. We give a brief overview of molecular-to-continuum scales of modeling and simulations for single LCP phases, and of their relative benefits and limitations. We likewise recall the sharp versus diffuse interface methods for coupling of two immiscible fluid phases in a hydrodynamic theory. From this assessment, we present a kinetic scale, diffuse interface strategy for hydrodynamic simulations of LCP droplet dispersions. The Fokker–Planck or Smoluchowski equation due to Doi and Hess for the orientational distribution function of the LCP phase is generalized to a two-phase, energy-based theory. Although feasible for simulations by adaptation of existing kinetic solvers, we first put the two-phase kinetic model through analogous preliminary benchmarks that were applied to the Doi–Hess theory for LCPs. We project onto the scalar zeroth moment and tensorial second-moment of the rod number density function to achieve a generalized Landau-deGennes two-phase model for equilibria and imposed shear of LCP droplets in a viscous fluid. A numerical algorithm in two space dimensions is developed and implemented to study global droplet defect structure versus interfacial anchoring energy. Simulations reveal topological defects (surface boojums for tangential anchoring and interior degree 1/2 or radial defects for normal anchoring) and details of their respective cores. These predictions support the hypothesis in [I. Lin et al., Science, 2011, 332, 1297–1300] that anchoring boundary conditions between the LCP and surrounding fluid phase can be satisfied by the formation of extremely localized defect cores which self-organize the orientational order external to the cores, without the need for bend-splay-twist mediated, continuous elastic strain.
The Politics of Home Care for the Elderly Poor: New York City's Medicaid‐Funded Home Attendant Program

This article examines a Medicaid-funded home health care program for the elderly in New York City. The analysis deals with survey data from an East Harlem housing project for low-income elderly people and interviews with people involved in the home care program. A historically oriented political economy framework demonstrates the interconnection between macrolevel political and economic processes and on-the-ground interaction in the client-caregiver relationship. The study shows that the resources available to the elderly and their health condition can only be understood in terms of the impact of class position throughout their lives. In addition, factors such as fiscal constraint, labor demands, political mobilization, and public assistance policy, more than the health needs of the elderly poor, have determined the historical development and structure of the home attendant program.
Fundamentals and fads in asset pricing: an empirical investigation

R. E. Lucas in ‘Asset prices is an exchange economy’ (Econometrica, 1978, 46, pp. 1426–45) described a means of constructing equilibrium asset prices in a one-good, pure exchange economy with identical agents who maximize the expected utility of lifetime consumption. The Euler equation of the maximization problem provides a relationship that links the prices of assets to their underlying dividend processes. This investigation uses the framework developed by Lucas to determine the discount factors for future consumption streams that are implied by observed prices. Evidence is found of cross-sectional regularities among those discount factors attributed to market fads.
A semantic approach to the dynamic design of interaction controls in conversation systems

To support a full-fledged, multimedia human-computer conversation, we are building an intelligent framework, called Responsive Information Architect (RIA), which can automatically synthesize multimedia responses during the conversation. As part of its visual response generation, RIA dynamically creates context-sensitive interaction controls that are visual interfaces through which users can further interact with RIA. To enable the systematic design of interaction controls, we study and abstract control properties. In particular, in this paper we present a semantic model that captures the intentional, presentational, and behavioral characteristics of interaction controls. Using this model, we show how to systematically sketch the semantics of an interaction control.
The regulation, control, and consequences of mitochondrial oxygen utilization and disposition in the heart and skeletal muscle during hypoxia.

The major oxygen-dependent function of mitochondria partitions molecular oxygen between oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation. When oxygen becomes limiting, the modulation of mitochondrial function plays an important role in overall biologic adaptation. This review focuses on mitochondrial biology in the heart and skeletal muscle during hypoxia. The disparate mitochondrial responses discussed appear to be dependent on the degree of hypoxia, on the age at exposure to hypoxia, and on the duration of exposure. These hypoxia-induced changes include modulation in mitochondrial respiratory capacity; activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory program; induction of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems; regulation of antiapoptotic mitochondrial proteins, and modulation of mitochondrial sensitivity to permeability transition. The mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species signal-transduction events in response to hypoxia also are reviewed. The cardiac and skeletal muscle...
{QCD} Corrections to {CP} Violation in Higgs Exchange

Abstract The dominant contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment from Higgs exchange comes from a three-gluon operator, produced by integrating out top quarks and neutral Higgs bosons. We calculate one-loop QCD corrections to this operator. Comparing the result to current experimental limits on d n gives very strong constraints on CP violation in the Higgs sector.
The influence of firm predispositions on interfirm relationship formation in business markets

Abstract The central premise of this paper is that firm level characteristics or behavioral traits, referred to as predispositions, influence how the firm behaves and interacts in its interfirm relationships (IFRs). This augments traditional approaches that focus on the intra-relationship perspective and/or on environmental influences on the relationship. Firm predispositions of strategic intent and relational proclivity are expected to individually, and in combination, increase the extent of connectedness between partners in interfirm relationships. In turn, through connectedness, they affect relationship effectiveness in terms of reciprocity, information exchange, and cooperation. Results indicated that the predispositions increased connectedness, but combinational effects were not present. Connectedness strongly influenced interfirm relationship effectiveness, indicating substantial mediational effects for connectedness.
Design of Linear Gaas FET Amplifiers

A newly developed technique is described for maximizing one dB compression output power of a microwave amplifier across practical bandwidths. Gain compression characteristics at X-band of a packaged GaAs FET are presented. A single stage design example is presented, and performance of a 100 mW, three-stage, 9 GHz to 10 GHz amplifier is described.
Helmet-mounted tracker system accuracy measurements

This paper describes a method for evaluating helmet-mounted tracker accuracy installed in an aircraft sitting stationary on the ground. A test measurement test space is established by surveying numerous targets and ground control points with a laser surveying instrument. An aircraft is inserted arbitrarily into this test space and key points on the aircraft are surveyed along with the same ground control points originally surveyed. Mathematically, the two spaces are made to coincide at the ground control points, and then the entire space is transformed to place the aircraft so that the surveyed aircraft key points are located at their manufacture specified position. The helmet operator then looks at each target while other test operators record tracker output data. Data is subsequently analyzed.
Separation of calcium effects on motility and zona binding ability in mouse spermatozoa.

The ionic specificity of Ca+2 requirements for binding to the zona pellucida and maintenance of motility were studied in mouse gametes by comparing the effects of four cations: Ca+2, Sr+2, La+3, and spermine cation (Sp+4). Cumulus-free mouse eggs were inseminated in vitro with sperm which had been preincubated for 60 min in Tris-NaCl buffer containing one or more of the above cations. Motility was assessed microscopically and zona binding, by the stop-fix technique, utilizing centrifugation through a discontinuous density gradient. The sperm were motile upon release from the epididymis, and all sperm maintained their motility in complete culture medium. Sperm incubated in Tris-NaCl buffer differed in motility among samples as follows: The majority of sperm samples remained motile in Tris-NaCl containing 1.7 mM Ca+2, but lost motility if Ca+2 was absent. The remaining samples could be divided into two populations: those which maintained motility in the absence of Ca+2. Support of Zona binding required Ca+2 in all samples examined. Equimolar Sr+2 could substitute for Ca+2 in maintaining motility but not in supporting binding. Sp+4and La+3 did not support motility. If Sr+2 were present to maintain motility, both Sp+4 and La+3 supported binding as well as Ca+2. Sr+2 did not complete with any of the other cations for support of zona binding. Ca+2 and Sp+4 together in the medium produced a synergism in the number of sperm bound. La+3 would substitute for Ca+2 in this synergism. These results demonstrate for the first time that mouse sperm have Ca+2 requirement for the motility maintenance and that binding to the zona and maintenance of motility are two different Ca+2-dependent processes whose active sites can be distinguished by cation substitution.
Respiratory activity during embryonic development in a diapausing and a selected non-diapausing strain of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L

Abstract 1. 1. Respiratory activity was measured during embryonic development and diapause in laboratory-reared diapause (DP) and nondiapause (NDP) strains of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar . 2. 2. The main purpose of the study was to determine the onset and termination of diapause as a prerequisite to future studies on neurohormonal regulation of embryonic development and diapause. 3. 3. Oxygen consumption was low (30–60 mm 3 /g/hr) during the first 3–4 days, then increased to a maximum (250–275 mm 3 ) at 12–14 days post-oviposition. 4. 4. Maximal increase in metabolism occurred between days 10 and 12, coincident with synthesis and differentiation of the embryonic larval cuticle. 5. 5. Patterns of O 2 uptake in the two strains during late embryonic development indicated that diapause was initiated by 19–20 days and then became progressively more intense over the next several weeks. 6. 6. A significant increase in metabolic activity was observed in DP eggs chilled for 60 days which was sufficient to activate gradual development and hatching in most of the population. 7. 7. The highest rate of metabolism occurred after 150–180 days of chilling resulting in synchronous development and egg hatch. 8. 8. Changes in metabolic rates during embryonic development and diapause termination are believed to reflect underlying activity of development promoting hormones.