cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Mis)understanding and Obtuseness: “Ethnolinguistic Borders” in a Miniscule Speech Community

Building on two of Gumperz's foundational concerns-multilingual speech communities and linguistically linked intercultural miscommunication-I extend (or perhaps reduce) a couple of Gumperzian concepts to an almost limiting case: a single extended family in Chiapas, Mexico, where three deaf siblings interact with their hearing relatives of three generations. Here a spoken Mayan language (along with a little Spanish) is used side by side with a spontaneously emerging homesign or sign language. Linguistic tension emerges from misunderstandings and failures of communication in even this tiny speech community, and the complex pattern of interaction between its members suggests analogues of ethnolinguistic divisions, here even between siblings or parents and children, as well as nascent ideologies of language, mind, and identity familiar from much larger and more diversified speech situations. In particular I examine the crucial nexus of linguistically mediated social relations between the first deaf individual in the family and four categories of others: her parents, her deaf siblings, her hearing siblings, and her young (hearing) child. © 2014 by the American Anthropological Association.
Counseling for Work and Relationship

Counseling for work and relationship is a social constructionist perspective, informed by feminist and social justice values, and responsive to radical changes in contemporary lives, that fosters a shift in vocational psychology from helping people develop careers to helping people construct lives through work and relationship. The first and major proposition of this perspective is a new discourse for describing the construction of lives that specifies four major social contexts through which people construct lives. These social contexts are market work, personal care work, personal relationships, and market work relationships. Additional propositions of the counseling for work and relationship perspective are the centrality of narrative theory for understanding how lives are constructed and agentic action as a critical process in constructing lives. Implications for research, intervention, and training are considered.
Purification and Culture of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Rodents

Here we describe methods for acute purification of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from rodent retina by immunopanning, followed by culture in serum-free medium. Though the method was initially established and verified with rats, we have included modifications for the purification of mouse RGCs. This protocol is written for isolation of cells from one litter of pups. All of the volumes and numbers of panning plates should be scaled according to the number of litters used, particularly for rat RGCs.
Effect of levodopa on urinary bladder

Levodopa therapy enhanced the ability of the bladder to store urine in two parkinsonian patients. In vitro canine muscle bath studies with the two major metabolites of levodopa, dopamine and norepinephrine, indicate that the effects of the drug on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system may play a major role in the improvement of urinary symptoms observed with levodopa therapy.
Genotypic Resistance in HIV-1—Infected Patients with Persistently Detectable Low-Level Viremia while Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Background. Technical limitations in the sensitivity of commercial genotyping methods may prevent clinicians from determining whether drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is present in patients with low-level viremia. We performed ultrasensitive HIV-1 genotyping for patients with persistent plasma virus loads of 50-400 copies/mL to better define the prevalence of drug resistance and the most common resistance mutations during persistently detectable low-level viremia. Methods. Genotyping of HIV-1 was performed with an ultrasensitive clonal genotyping method. Results. We studied 21 patients who had persistent, detectable, low-level viremia for a median of 11 months. Nine (43%) of 21 patients had HIV-1 isolates with significant resistance mutations. The most common mutations were M184V, K65R, and M41L/T215Y. Conclusions. The finding that clinically significant resistance mutations were present in some but not all patients with persistent viremia (range, 50-400 copies/mL) highlights the need to improve the sensitivity of current clinical assays for detection of drug resistance.
The probe gap model can underestimate the available bandwidth of multihop paths

The Probe Gap Model (PGM) was proposed as a lightweight and fast available bandwidth estimation method. Measurement tools such as Delphi and Spruce are based on PGM. Compared to estimation methods that require multiple iterations with different probing rates, PGM uses a single probing rate and it infers the available bandwidth from a direct relation between the input and output rates of measurement packet pairs. An important assumption behind the PGM model is that the measured path has a single bottleneck link that determines the available bandwidth of the end-to-end path. In this letter, we show that, even though PGM is accurate in the case of a single queue, it cannot estimate the available bandwidth of multi-hop paths, even if there is a single bottleneck in the path. Whether PGM is accurate or not depends on the routing of cross traffic relative to the measurement traffic. PGM is accurate when the cross traffic follows the same path with the measurement traffic. In the general case, however, PGM can significantly underestimate the available bandwidth of an end-to-end path.
Effects of Gallium-Phosphide and Indium-Gallium-Antimonide semiconductor materials on photon absorption of multijunction solar cells

The main challenge in the photovoltaic industry is making the solar cells more cost effective. Single junction solar cells can only absorb a certain wavelength of the solar spectrum, hence produce less efficiency. In contrary multijunction solar cells direct sunlight towards matched spectral sensitivity by splitting the spectrum into smaller slices. The high efficiency multijunction photovoltaics made up of III-V semiconductor material alloys with high optical sensitivity and ideal combination of band-gaps increase absorption of photons, creates more electron-hole pairs, and hence increase the efficiency of the solar cell. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), US Department of Energy (DOE) and many leading research organizations all over the world are investing money in the design of III-IV multijunction solar cell projects. In this paper, we introduce a novel multijunction photovoltaic cell based on GaP/InGaAs/InGaSb, and compare it with existing single-junction and multijunction cells. We observe that the inclusion of GaP and InGaSb layers in our design has made a significant improvement in absorption of solar energy in the entire spectral range, thus resulting in higher efficiency.
Reserpine-induced postjunctional supersensitivity in rat vas deferens and caudal artery without changes in alpha adrenergic receptors.

Caudal artery and vas deferens from rats treated chronically with reserpine (1 mg/kg/day i.p.) were used to study drug-induced postjunctional supersensitivity in smooth muscle. There was no change in contractile sensitivity of the rat vas deferens after 1 day of reserpine treatment; however, there were similar increases in sensitivity 4 and 7 days after reserpine treatment. The potencies of phenylephrine, methacholine and potassium chloride in causing contraction of the vas deferens were significantly increased by 4.9-, 19.5- and 1.23-fold, respectively, after 7 days of chronic treatment. This treatment also increased the potencies of phenylephrine, serotonin and potassium chloride in causing contraction of rat caudal artery by 1.8-, 1.7- and 1.23-fold, respectively; however, the potency of clonidine was unchanged after 7 days of reserpine treatment. There was no change in sensitivity to phenylephrine 1 day after reserpine treatment but sensitivity was significantly increased after 4 days. There was no significant change in maximum contractile response in either tissue to any of these agents after chronic reserpine treatment. Scatchard analysis of saturation isotherms of specific [125I]BE 2254 binding to membrane fractions from rat vas deferens and caudal artery showed no change in the density or affinity of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors after 1, 4 or 7 days of chronic reserpine treatment. In addition, no change was observed in specific [3H]rauwolscine binding to either tissue after 7 days of chronic reserpine treatment, suggesting no change in alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. These data indicate that changes in alpha adrenergic receptors are not involved in postjunctional supersensitivity of smooth muscle caused by chronic reserpine treatment.
Religious Elites in Advanced Industrial Society

In primitive and nonindustrialized societies the typical (and in many cases, the exclusive) tasks of religious elites have revolved chiefly around the creation, modification, and maintenance of the symbolic universe of society. Such work invariably implied privilege and various kinds and degrees of political power. But with the expansion of the modern world order, the situation of religious elites has altered dramatically. For one, religious-knowledge workers make up a very small percentage of the ranks of a much larger knowledge sector. For example, while the percentage of religious-knowledge workers (including clergy) relative to the entire economically active population in the United States has remained relatively constant since 1870, the percentage of religious workers to the knowledge workers has declined by one half in the period between 1950 and 1970—a period of dramatic growth of the knowledge sector (see Table 1). By 1970, the percentage of religious-knowledge workers to knowledge workers generally had shrunk to one sixth of its proportionate size a century earlier. Between 1970 and 1984, this proportion has leveled off somewhat. In Western Europe and Japan the same patterns have become firmly established as well.
A model for estimating level and net severity of spinal cord injuries.

Objective and detailed neurological assessments are essential in studies of the treatment and the epidemiology of acute spinal cord injuries. In practice, investigators use the expanded score, found by taking the total of the individual determinations, but this summary obscures important detail as to the level and the overall severity of injury. To address this issue, we present a method for estimating level and net severity of injury that makes use of isotonic regression and the Spearman-Karber estimator. We describe the method for both sensory and motor assessments of neurologic function. In the special case where one gives an identical weight to the response at each level, these estimators algebraically partition the expanded score into separate contributions due to level and net severity. We provide a numerical example using data from the first National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study, and we present a summary of the distribution of these parameters for this population.
A social diffusion model of misinformation and disinformation for understanding human information behaviour

Introduction. People enjoy sharing information, even when they do not believe it. Thus, misinformation (inaccurate information) and disinformation (deceptive information) diffuse throughout social networks, as misinforming and disinforming are varieties of information behaviour. Social media have made such diffusion easier and faster. Many information behaviour models, however, suggest a normative model of information as true, accurate, complete, despite the ubiquity of misinformation and disinformation. Analysis. Misinformation and disinformation are defined and we show how they extend the concept of information through their informativeness. Table 1 summarizes the features of information, misinformation, and disinformation. Figure 1 illustrates the social diffusion process by which misinforming and disinforming function as types of information behaviour. Conclusion. Misinformation and disinformation are closely linked to information literacy, especially in terms of how they are diffused and shared and how people use both cues to credibility and cues to deception to make judgements. Misinformation and disinformation present both challenges and opportunities for individuals, businesses, and governments. Future work in immersive, 3D virtual worlds takes a naturalistic approach to understand the principal elements of cues to misinformation and disinformation.
Effectiveness of a superoxide dismutase supplement derived from melon extract as a recovery aid for horses following strenuous exercise

An antioxidant derived from a variety of melon purported to be high in superoxide dismutase was fed to horses and the effect on performance and recovery was measured following repeated daily bouts of intense exercise. In a cross-over design study, six unfit Standardbred mares were fed this antioxidant at a rate of 2.0 IU/kg body weight (BW)/d as part of the daily ration for 4 weeks before undergoing a simulated race test (SRT) repeated over a 3-day period. The SRT, designed to simulate the training of Standardbreds, consisted of a 2 min warm-up at 6 m/s followed by a high speed run to fatigue at 125% of the speed calculated to correspond to the horse’s maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) as determined in a baseline incremental exercise test. Measurements included VO2 and the VO2 recovery time, VO2 at the point of recovery, run time, as well as plasma lactate, and plasma cortisol. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing malondialdehyde (MDA). The results from the study demonstrated that there were no diff...
Operative laparoscopy followed by colpotomy for resecting a colonic leiomyosarcoma. A case report.

A case of colon leiomyosarcoma originally thought to be a pedunculated uterine fibroid was managed by a combined laparoscopy-colpotomy procedure to minimize risk of dissemination of the tumor by laparoscopic removal. The 47-year old woman gravida 3 para 2 abortus 1 with fibroids presented with constipation and pelvic pressure but no pain or rectal bleeding. Pelvic exam suggested a firm 6 x 7 cm mass in the cul-de-sac. The patient requested sterilization with operative laparoscopy. On laparoscopy the uterus was enlarged with several 1-2 cm leiomyomata the adnexa were normal and the 7 x 7.5 cm smooth encapsulated mass was attached to the sigmoid by a 5 mm pedicle. The mass was excised with bipolar coagulation and laparoscopic scissors after bilateral tubal ligation. It was replaced in the cul-de-sac then removed intact by colpotomy for a total operative time of 40 minutes. The woman was admitted overnight because of difficulty voiding. The tumor was diagnosed as a low grade leiomyosarcoma because it was >5 cm averaged 6 mitoses per high power field and exhibited focal hypercellularity without atypia. The patient had sigmoidoscopy pelvic ultrasonography and CAT scan but refused repeat laparoscopy for peritoneal washings and bowel exam. She has remained well for 2 years. A gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma is rare accounting for <0.10% of all rectal malignancies. This tumor was thought to have arisen from the uterus.
Winnie, Opera, and South African Artistic Nationhood

ABSTRACTPositioned within a nexus of themes in early 21st-century South Africa, Winnie: The Opera reflects the nation's desire to re-define itself artistically after its brutal colonial and apartheid history. Through the subject matter of a living controversial woman in politics (Winnie Madikizela-Mandela), the use of English and isiXhosa languages along with video excerpts from the South African Broadcasting Corporation coverage of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and a musical language that includes traditional African music integrated with a western European operatic style, the opera brings together modern sensibilities that help express who South Africa is in the early millennium. In an analysis that positions Winnie in dialogue with traditional western European opera, this article also looks to opera in the United States a model for how stories about politics, race and ethnicity, and controversy are well borne out in opera as a genre. By highlighting the TRC in the beginning and finale, Winni...
Neonatal ventricular fibrillation and an elusive ALCAPA: things are not always as they seem

An anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital cardiac condition that typically presents with poor feeding and failure to thrive from progressive myocardial ischaemia. Previous reports of ALCAPA presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF) have suggested a causative relationship. In this case, we present a neonate with VF without apparent cause after an extensive evaluation. Following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement for presumed idiopathic VF, at which time she also underwent surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the neonate developed haemodynamic instability that ultimately was found to be due to ALCAPA. Numerous echocardiograms had missed the ALCAPA in the setting of mildly elevated pulmonary artery pressure. We discuss the limitations of current ultrasound technology in diagnosing ALCAPA in the setting of pulmonary hypertension and explain why the relationship between this patient's diagnosis of ALCAPA and her episode of VF is not clearly causative.
Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma Arising in the Nasal Fossa: Light- and Electron-microscopic Observations

Extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that has been reported to involve most frequently the soft tissues of the lower extremity and the paravertebral region. This report describes the clinicopathologic features of a polypoid tumor arising from the soft tissue of the left middle turbinate in a 39-year-old man. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of small, round to oval cells with scant cytoplasm that were arranged in sheets with multiple areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. The cytoplasm contained glycogen granules. Electron microscopy revealed cells with scant cytoplasm containing glycogen rosettes and a paucity of organelles. These histologic and ultrastructural features are those of both skeletal and soft-tissue Ewing’s sarcoma.
The Value of Ultrasound Elastography in Diagnosing Cervical Lymph Node Tuberculosis

Objective:To invetstgate the ultrasonic elastography features of cervical lymph node tuberculosis and evaluate the value of ultrasonic elastography in the diagnosis of it.Methods:Ultrasonic elastography findings of 97 lesions in 44 cases were retrospectivel reviewed by using ultrasound elastography 5-score evaluating method.Results:Thirty lesions(85.7%)and thiry-six(83.7%)lesions in nodula and necrotic-type cheese were evaluated as score 1 or 2.Eleven(57.8%)lesions were evaluated as score 3-4 in healed calcified lesions.Conclusions:The hardness is small in majority of cervical lymph node tuberculosis and the score is slow,ultrasonic elastography is useful for the diagnosis.
Advancing Health Equity: Honoring the Legacy of Dr. Elijah B. Saunders.

It is a time-honored tradition in medicine and public health to recognize and honor individuals and teams for their original discoveries in basic, clinical, and population science research or for a sustained commitment to patient care and teaching. In following that tradition, Ethnicity & Disease pays special tribute to Elijah B. Saunders, MD, FACC, FACP, FAHA, FASH for his life-long commitment to patient care, teaching, community service, and most importantly, for his tireless efforts in taking many first steps to advance health equity for medically underserved communities in the United States and worldwide. 1 , 2
Adaptive Observation Error Inflation for Assimilating All-Sky Satellite Radiance

AbstractAn empirical flow-dependent adaptive observation error inflation (AOEI) method is proposed for assimilating all-sky satellite brightness temperatures through observing system simulation experiments with an ensemble Kalman filter. The AOEI method adaptively inflates the observation error when the absolute difference (innovation) between the observed and simulated brightness temperatures is greater than the square root of the combined variance of the uninflated observational error variance and ensemble-estimated background error variance. This adaptive method is designed to limit erroneous analysis increments where there are large representativeness errors, as is often the case for cloudy-affected radiances, even if the forecast model and the observation operator (the radiative transfer model) are perfect. The promising performance of this newly proposed AOEI method is demonstrated through observing system simulation experiments assimilating all-sky brightness temperatures from GOES-R (now GOES-16) ...
Graduate Study in Hospitality Management in the United States: Doctoral Programs

The advent of doctoral programs in hospitality management is relatively recent, and programs are growing nationwide. With this growth, there is a need to supplement the foundation of knowledge related to doctoral education in hospitality management in the United States. In particular, gaps concerning admission requirements, degree requirements, and examination structures were identified through reviews of existing literature. This study served to fill those gaps in knowledge by collecting objective, secondary data and presenting it in a descriptive format. The results indicated a curriculum that was skewed toward research and methodology rather than hospitality-based subjects. In addition, there were subtle differences between institutions regarding preliminary exams and final dissertations. This information should be useful for doctoral program administrators and prospective students pursuing higher education in hospitality management.
Interacting ellipsoidal inhomogeneities by multipole expansion method and effective conductivity of particulate composite

Abstract The complete series solution has been obtained for the potential field of an array of ellipsoidal inhomogeneities regarded as a multi particle model of composite. By combining the superposition principle, the perturbation field expansion in terms of ellipsoidal harmonics and the re-expansion formulas for them, the model boundary value problem is reduced to a set of linear algebraic equations. The obtained solution has been implemented in the modified Maxwell and Ralyeigh homogenization schemes for effective conductivity of ellipsoidal particle composite with an adequate account for the interaction effects. The results of numerical study are provided which illustrate the convergence rate of solution and accuracy of the developed method.
The Relationship Between Teamwork and Patient Safety

Effective teamwork and communication are central to successful, timely surgical care that is safe, of high quality, and patient centered. Effective teaming in the operating room and across the perioperative care continuum is related to clinical patient outcomes, patient perceptions of their care experience, care costs, and provider outcomes like burnout and job satisfaction. This chapter synthesizes core definitions of teams and teamwork, describes core models of team performance, presents practical principles for effective teaming, and highlights current evidence concerning interventions designed to develop and support effective teaming in surgery.
Physicians’ use of medical technology: an analysis of the introduction and subsequent failure of drug-eluting stents

ABSTRACTUsing data on cardiac patients in Florida hospitals from 2003 to 2007, we analyse the adoption and deadoption of a major new medical technology, drug-eluting stents (DESs). The Food and Drug Administration approved DESs in April 2003 and physicians rapidly adopted the new technology. In March 2006, a presentation was made at the American Cardiology Conference which showed that patients receiving DES in real-world settings suffered higher rates of mortality and myocardial infarction than those receiving stents without drugs. We examine the utilization of DES from April 2003 to the end of 2007. Using a hospital fixed-effects model, we find that board-certified and top-trained physicians were initially quicker to adopt DES. Over time, this effect dissipated and top-trained physicians were less likely to use DES by the time new clinical trials indicated they could be problematic. After the news, board-certified and top-ranked physicians were less likely to change their behaviour. Physicians’ own exper...
The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Context.— Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPC), particularly those cancers developing in tonsillar tissue. Objectives.— To review the prevalence, subtypes, and methods of detecting HPV in OPC and to review the epidemiology, histology, staging, management, and prevention of these cancers. Data Sources.— The study comprised a review of the literature. Conclusions.— The incidence of HPV-OPC is rising globally and in the United States, but rates of HPV-positivity vary with the anatomic site(s) and the population studied, as well as the method of detecting HPV infection. These tumors are more common in men. In contrast to HPV− OPC, the rates of smoking and alcohol abuse are lower. The HPV 16 subtype is predominant, and immunohistochemistry staining for p16 and in situ hybridization are the most widely used methods clinically to detect transcriptionally active HPV. Moreover, HPV-OPC has a unique tumor phenotype with predominantly nonkeratini...
Classifying Political Tweets Using Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machines

Twitter, which is one of the most popular microblogging platforms and contains a huge amount of meaningful information, can be used in opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Twitter data contains text communication of more than 330 million active users monthly. This research effort applies the machine learning techniques to determine whether the contents of tweets are political or apolitical. Preprocessing involves cleaning-up the texts to obtain meaningful information and accurate opinions. Bag-of-Words (BOW), Term Frequency (TF) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) were used to extract the features from twitter data. We then used Chi-Square technique to select the salient features from a high dimensional feature set. Finally, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Naive Bayes (NB) were applied to classify the twitter data. The results suggest that SVMs with BOW provide the highest accuracy and F-measure.
A Tale of Four Information Structures

From a decision-theoretic viewpoint, the value of information in a stochastic optimization problem is roughly characterized as Value of Information = the Best the decision maker can do with the information - the best the decision maker can do without the information.
Colon and Rectum

A 54-year-old patient, while being managed for nosocomial pneumonia, develops an antibiotic-induced colitis (pseudomembranous colitis). Although Flagyl was given orally, the patient becomes febrile and toxic. He is admitted to the intensive care unit and broadspectrum antibiotics are initiated. Radiographic findings are consistent with a toxic megacolon. The patient continues to deteriorate. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option? (A) Limitation of antifungal therapy (B) Decompressive colonoscopy (C) Segmented resection (D) Abdominal colectomy (A) Administration of a prokinetic agent
Chou-Fasman Prediction of the Secondary Structure of Proteins

The Chou-Fasman algorithm for the prediction of protein secondary structure is one of the most widely used predictive schemes. This is because of its relative simplicity and its reasonable high degree of accuracy.
Divine Freedom and Human Religions: A Reformed Theologian Approaches Comparative Theology

This print version of an address given in February 2018 at Columbia Theological Seminary pursues the question, How do we follow Jesus the Christ in this religiously plural world? Martha Moore-Keish...
Self-Reported Experience of Self-Injurious Behavior in College Students

The purpose of this study was to gain firsthand qualitative information about the experience of self-injurious behavior (SIB) by asking the 79 participants to describe their experiences before, during, and after SIB. Students with a history of SIB were separated into two groups: those students who self-injured only once and those who had harmed themselves multiple times. The most common experiences for both groups directly before SIB were feeling depressed, angry, and out of control, but the two groups reported different experiences during and after SIB.
How do you say “Epigram” in Arabic? Literary history at the limits of comparison

It is a deceptively simple question that adorns this book: How do you say “epigram” in Arabic? However, as Adam Talib convincingly shows in this rich and rewarding study, questions about translatin...
Is rituximab (R) the optimal therapeutic intervention (TI) for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following solid organ transplant (SOT)?

8074 Background: PTLD is a rare, often fatal, complication of SOT. Most are derived from CD20+ B-cells. Historically, patients (pts) received a variety of TIs ranging from decreased immunosuppressi...
High-Dose Daptomycin Is Well Tolerated via 2-Minute IV Push Administration.

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of administering high-dose daptomycin (HDD; > 6 mg/kg actual body weight) as a 2-minute intravenous (IV) push (IVP) compared to tradi...
Asthma and Academic Performance Among Children and Youth in North America: A Systematic Review

Background The increasing prevalence of asthma among adolescents and the limited studies exploring the educational outcomes for youth coping with asthma makes the inquiry in this field of special interest. This paper reviews the literature on empirical studies exploring the relationship between asthma and academic performance among adolescents. Methods Five databases (CINAHL, PubMed, ERIC EBSCO, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies exploring the link between asthma and academic performance utilized. Studies were reviewed, logged, and assessed studies for their research design, methods, and findings. Data synthesis incorporated strengths, limitations, and recommendations for future research and practice. Results Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 13 employed a survey design and 7 evaluated school-based interventions implementing an experimental design. Whereas researchers applied quantitative methods in all the studies, qualitative and mixed-method designs were infrequently used. Studies showed a link between school absenteeism and asthma; other academic indicators (eg, graduation and test-scores) showed inconsistent correlation. Conclusions Future research should deploy more variable research designs and methods to improve understanding of the factors contributing to the relationship between adolescent asthma and academic performance. Additional topic-specific inquiry is needed to inform school practices and policies.
Sources of Error in HDRI for Luminance Measurement: A Review of the Literature

Compared to the use of conventional spot luminance meters, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI) offers significant advantages for luminance measurements in lighting research. Consequently, the reporti...
Reimagining Small World: A Preliminary Model

The concept of a small world was developed out of studies that looked at socio-economically and informationally poor communities, characterized by social types and social norms which constrain access to information. This paper presents a preliminary model of a reconceptualized small world, and associated concepts, designed to study a world whose members are not purposively seeking information nor is it informationally poor. The ongoing qualitative study covered by this paper, looks at a gendered online community, a diaspora small world, formed around a shared interest in reading and writing fan fiction and the spaces they occupy. Viewing small world and information ground as complementary constructs, early observations lend credence to the value in reconceptualizing small world from the perspective of information ground and vice versa.
Precise imprecision: flexible construction with robotics

This research demonstrates a new methodology—stack casting, which combines fabric formwork and robotic assembly. In the following research, a robot placed a textile mold on top of a precast environment to erect a significant architectural object. Through this method the robotic casting process obtained further contextual information to create highly customized assemblies. The natural form-fit boundary of the fabric strengthened the identification between global and local systems. As the digital method met the natural form-finding process, an interactive tectonic was generated—calibrating itself for any composition and accommodating deviations in geometry. Driven by the correspondence between digital and physical, the technique extended the building method of a dry-fitted cast in situ wall. To build a full-scale prototype, robotic stack casting collaborated with other versatile methods to invent new set-up strategies, which link to both on-and off-site construction. This research is part of a bigger picture rising in soft robotics. By interpreting unique forming into the computational design, precise and imprecise fabrication were redefined in a playful phenomenon. In traditional robotic stacking, the robot bridges the digital and physical world but its lack of adaptivity causes problem when placing imprecise objects. In this research’s process, the use of inexact fabric molds fixed the tolerance and found centers of gravity through relative reactions. They adjusted to the unique personal properties of their surroundings and compensated for discrepancies in material. As an alternative to the application of sensor feedback for accommodating tolerance in material, the use of stack casting digital formwork instead adjusts and reshapes the non-ideal masonry from the real-time architectural context. This playful process opens the door to further imaginations from design to build.
Application of Static Magnetic Fields on the Mixotrophic Culture of Chlorella minutissima for Carbohydrate Production.

Magnetic field (MF) can interact with the metabolism of microalgae and has an effect (positive or negative) on the synthesis of molecules. In addition to MF, the use of pentose as a carbon source for cultivating microalgae is an alternative to increase carbohydrate yield. This study aimed at evaluating the MF application on the mixotrophic culture of Chlorella minutissima in order to produce carbohydrates. MF of 30 mT was generated by ferrite magnets and applied diurnally for 12 days. The addition of 5% pentose, MF application of 30 mT, and nitrogen concentration reduced (1.25 mM of KNO3) was the best conditions to obtain higher carbohydrate concentrations. MF application of 30 mT increased biomass and carbohydrate contents in 30% and 163.1%, respectively, when compared with the assay without MF application. The carbohydrate produced can be used for bioethanol production.
Visco-elastohydrodynamic lubrication of layered materials with imperfect layer-substrate interfaces

Abstract This paper reports a novel visco-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (VEHL) model for the lubrication interface formed by a rigid sphere and a viscoelastic layer imperfectly coated on an elastic half-space, aiming to study the effects of layer viscoelasticity and imperfect layer-substrate interface on the lubrication behavior. The surface viscoelastic deformation is calculated based on a linear viscoelastic model and the correspondence principle. The contact solution is formulated with the discrete convolution and fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) algorithm by using the influence coefficients (ICs) converted from frequency response functions (FRFs). The model is validated by using the results from its degenerated versions through comparisons with available published data. The new VEHL model is implemented to explore the effects of surface speed, layer thickness, and layer-substrate elastic modulus ratio, as well as the degree of displacement discontinuity or stiffness defect at the layer-substrate interface.
Spontaneous improvement of levator palpebrae superioris function after traumatic transection.

Abstract Direct traumatic injury to the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis typically results in upper eyelid ptosis. The mechanisms can involve mechanical or neurogenic etiologies. Prompt surgical exploration and repair are required for restoration of normal function. In cases where prompt surgical intervention is not performed or the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis cannot be repaired, the restorative options are limited. The options are further restricted by concurrent ipsilateral frontalis paresis. This report details a spontaneous return of levator function nine months after complete traumatic transection of the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis complicated by concurrent ipsilateral frontalis paresis.
Care transition from rehabilitation to home: A QI project using the RED Toolkit to decrease readmission rates

Objective: This quality improvement (QI) project’s aim was to lower 30-day healthcare reutilization for patients aged 50 or older with hip fracture using an evidence-based discharge process method, the Re-Engineered Discharge (RED) Toolkit. Methods: The QI project of a revised patient discharge process to lower healthcare reutilization of Baton Rouge Rehabilitation Hospital (BRRH) hip fracture patients was implemented as an evidence-based quality improvement initiative. Inpatient and outpatient discharge process revisions were implemented at an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) based on Re-Engineered Discharge (RED) Toolkit recommendations. Inpatient revisions included patient barrier identification with associated documentation changes to the IRF interdisciplinary team form. Outpatient modifications consisted of an After-Hospital Care Plan (AHCP), and two post-discharge Telephone Follow-Up (TFU) calls. Results: Healthcare reutilization and thirty-day hospital readmission for this project were measured at 8.5% and 5.7%, respectively. A decrease in healthcare reutilization of at least 1.6% was observed for the IRF. Most participants scored at a high level (88.6%) of “patient knowledge of self-management” post intervention. Out of participants who did not attend their first Primary Care Provider (PCP) appointment, 33.3% experienced healthcare reutilization. This result emphasized the importance of seeing one’s PCP post-discharge. Patient satisfaction increased by 5% and 6.73%, measured by Hospital Consumer Assessment of HealthCare Providers and Systems (HCAHP) scores for nursing care and physician care, respectively. Conclusions: Implementation of a RED Toolkit-based discharge process at an IRF positively impacted all three study outcomes and associated healthcare costs in lowering preventable readmissions.
Kobe Bryant’s Second Act: a Brief but Beautiful Post-basketball Life

Kobe Bryant was an extraordinarily gifted athlete who enjoyed a long and remarkable basketball career. Entering the National Basketball Association directly out of Lower Merion High School (PA) in 1996, Bryant played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers. He helped lead the Lakers to five league championships, became the first player in league history to score over 30,000 points and collect 6000 assists, was selected 12 times to the league’s All-Defensive Team, was twice the league’s scoring champion, and 18 times was chosen as an NBA All-Star. Importantly, in contrast to some athletes who have difficulties in transitioning out of sport, Bryant seemingly had no such problems as he embarked on a highly successful post-athletic career that witnessed his involvement in successful business ventures, important charity work, and a host of meaningful educational and entrepreneurial activities. By all accounts, he had settled into a life that was marked by much satisfaction and a commitment to helping care for the needs of underserved and under privileged communities. This essay not only details the many important initiatives that occupied Bryant’s time during a post-athletic career tragically cut short in 2020, but assesses factors involved in his apparently seamless transition from basketball icon deluged with constant media attention and adulation to private citizen intent on doing good works.
An Application of Spatially Adjusted Kolmogorov-smirnov Test in Comparing Heart PET Scans

The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test has been popular in many applied fields. Published research has suggested the utility of the KS test in image processing, histogram analysis, and PET/CT scans. However, the fundamental assumption of independence in a statistical model is easily overlooked. When the KS test is applied to spatial analysis, autocorrelation may cause the KS test to have an inflated type I error (small p-values) if no adjustments for spatial correlation are applied. To adjust for autocorrelation, the KS test must incorporate spatial adjustment. The spatially-adjusted KS has a controlled type I error and non-inferior power compared to the original KS test. Utilizing the KS test with spatial adjustment, we reanalyzed a trial comparing two types of stress medications: regadenoson (administered using different timings) versus dipyridamole. To analyze the PET scans with spatial autocorrelation, we introduced a novel way of reconstructing the shape of the human heart using spherical coordinates, and compared the KS test with spatial adjustment to a KS test with adjustment for correlation. The results showed that the reconstructed PET scans analyzed by the KS test with spatial adjustment have controlled p-values.
High Congenital Syphilis Case Counts among U.S. Infants Born in 2020.

Congenital Syphilis in U.S. Infants Born in 2020 As of July 29, 2021, a total of 2022 cases of congenital syphilis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, already surpassin...
In-utero radiofrequency ablation in fetal piglets: Lessons learned

Abstract Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly utilized in minimally invasive fetal intervention. However, the response of different fetal tissues to RFA is poorly characterized. We sought to determine the extent of RFA damage in a fetal environment. Methods 90Day gestation Yorkshire piglets (term 115days) were subjected to RFA of the chest and abdominal viscera under various temperatures and wattages. The extent of tissue damage was determined by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. Results Tyne temperature was widely variable and displayed varying responses between lung and liver tissue. Tyne exposure to amniotic fluid resulted in an increase in amniotic fluid temperature. Collateral damage, even across the diaphragm, was readily seen, and ultrasonography did not always reflect this injury. Conclusions Utilization of extracorporeal tynes heats fluid at a greater rate than solid tissue and reliance on temperature sensitive probes may result in overheating. The extent of injury may extend beyond damage observed by ultrasound examination and varies for different tissues. Additional studies on the use of devices that regulate tyne temperature are needed to define optimal conditions and better define the extent of adjacent tissue injury.
Periodicity of dental recall visits for young children first seen in community health centers.

Objectives To study the factors associated with young children who had their first dental visit (FDV) at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) and returned within 12 months for a second dental episode. Methods Two hundred Medicaid-enrolled children who were less than 6 years old were randomly selected from five Iowa FQHCs. Dental utilization was followed for 36 months using dental charts and Medicaid medical and dental claims data, regardless of provider. Child's birth certificate data were also used as covariates. Multivariable logistic regression, using backward elimination, was used to identify variables that were associated with whether a child returned for a dental recall visit within 1 year of the initial dental episode. Results About 56% of the children returned for dental care within 1 year of their initial episode. The number of children in the household had a positive impact on children returning for a second dental episode. However, an increase in the frequency of medical well-child visits at the FQHC prior to the FDV had a negative influence. Unadjusted analysis demonstrated that children with dental caries at the FDV were less likely to return within 12 months; however, this variable failed to make the final regression model. Moreover, age at FDV did not make a difference in regard to returning for a second episode within 12 months. Conclusions The experience gained from having other Medicaid-enrolled children in the household appears to be important for younger children entering into continuous and comprehensive dental care.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF MULTIPLE DISTURBANCES ON A RIVER SYSTEM: TAXONOMIC METRICS VERSUS BIOLOGICAL TRAITS

River reaches are often subject to multiple co-occurring anthropogenic stressors. Disentangling the relative impacts of different stressors is important in developing river management strategies. Bio-assessments using taxonomically based metrics (e.g. taxa richness and diversity) are frequently used as a means of determining the impact of stressors on river reach quality. Although this method has been successful in determining river reach quality, taxonomically based metrics are often limited in their ability to distinguish mechanisms of impact and thus the importance of different stressors. In contrast, biological traits can provide a mechanistic understanding of anthropogenic stressor impacts and therefore have the potential to identify the importance of different co-occurring stressors. Using both taxonomically based metrics and biological traits, we examined the impact of two common co-occurring stressors, summer water withdrawal and channelization, on the macroinvertebrate assemblage of a Columbia River tributary Both metrics and traits showed a strong shift at the point where intense channelization began. However, the metrics failed to distinguish whether channelization or co-occurring water withdrawal was the driver of change. In contrast, biological traits indicated that the assemblage within the heavily channelized area shifted to one dominated by resilience traits often found in river reaches subject to scouring flows. This result indicates that scouring flows associated with intense channelization are the primary driver of change in the macroinvertebrate assemblage and that water withdrawals had little observable impact. Our results demonstrate the utility of biological traits for disentangling the impact of multiple stressors in river systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bringing the Animals Back in: Writing Quadrupeds into the Environmental History of Latin America and the Caribbean

This essay argues that bringing animals into the study of Latin American and Caribbean environmental history could serve several purposes. It would forge a point of entry into the phenomenology of everyday life in rural societies, since animals stand at the nexus of the relationship between man and the land, hence nature and culture. It is through caring for beasts that one interacts with the environment in ways that get the historian one step closer to what Bourdieu termed the habitus of rural labor; beasts also shed light on women’s domestic work as they are transformed from raw to cooked. In Latin America, the animal is also an important symbolic vehicle which is charged with meaning as evidenced in jokes and tall tales, and as the preponderance of narratives of demonic creatures across Latin America indicates, can also serve as a window into popular conceptions of evil.