cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clouston syndrome (hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) is not linked to keratin gene clusters on chromosomes 12 and 17.

Clouston syndrome is an hidrotic form of ectodermal dysplasia, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance. The main features of the disorder are alopecia, severe dystrophy of the nails, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. A molecular abnormality of keratin has long been hypothesized to be the basic defect in this disorder. We have performed linkage analyses between the disorder and markers close to the keratin gene clusters on chromosomes 12 and 17 and have excluded linkage to these candidate regions in three apparently unrelated families. In addition, linkage has been excluded to four other candidate regions including 1q21, 17q23-qter, 18q21, and 20q12. These data indicate that Cloustoun syndrome is not due to a defect in keratin or in a subset of keratin-associated proteins.
Plasmons and high-temperature superconductivity in alloys of copper oxides.

The two-dimensional character of the electronic structure of M-N-Cu-O alloys, with M = La,Y and N = Ba,Sm,..., is shown to favor the formation of ''acoustic'' plasmons at energies above the acoustic phonons. Providing that the Fermi energy intersects a small pocket of electrons (or holes) in addition to the expected occupation of a primary electron (or hole) band, the plasma oscillations of the secondary charge carriers may provide a mechanism for room-temperature superconductivty.
Deposition of a-SiC:H Using Organosilanes in an Argon/Hydrogen Plasma

Selected organosilanes were examined as precursors for the deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide in an argon/hydrogen plasma. Effect of process variables on the quality of the films was established by means of FTIR, Auger spectroscopy, XPS, XRD, chemical analysis, and weight losses upon pyrolysis. For a given power level there is a limiting feeding rate of the precursor under which operation of the system is dominated by thermodynamics and leads to high quality silicon carbide films that are nearly stoichiometric and low in hydrogen. Beyond that limit, carbosilane polymer formation and excessive hydrogen incorporation takes place. The hydrogen content of the plasma affects the deposition rate and the hydrogen content of the film. In the thermodynamically dominated regime the nature of the precursor has no effect on the quality of the film, it affects only the relative utilization efficiency.
Symbolic Execution of Obfuscated Code

Symbolic and concolic execution nd important applications in a number of security-related program analyses, including analysis of malicious code. However, malicious code tend to very often be obfuscated, and current concolic analysis techniques have trouble dealing with some of these obfuscations, leading to imprecision and/or excessive resource usage. This paper discusses three such obfuscations: two of these are already found in obfuscation tools used by malware, while the third is a simple variation on an existing obfuscation technique. We show empirically that existing symbolic analyses are not robust against such obfuscations, and propose ways in which the problems can be mitigated using a combination of ne-grained bit-level taint analysis and architecture-aware constraint generations. Experimental results indicate that our approach is eective in allowing symbolic and concolic execution to handle such obfuscations.
Seamless multiscale modeling via dynamics on fiber bundles

We present a general mathematical framework for modeling the macroscale behavior of a multiscale system using only microscale models, by formulating the effective macroscale models as dynamic models on the underlying fiber bundles. This framework allows us to carry out seamless multiscale modeling using traditional numerical techniques. At the same time, they give rise to an interesting mathematical structure and new interesting mathematical problems. We discuss several examples from homogenization problems, continuum modeling of solids based on atomistic or electronic structure models, macroscale behavior of interacting diffusion, and continuum modeling of complex fluids based on kinetic and Brownian dynamics models.
Comparing sire and dam estimates of heritability: jackknife and likelihood approaches

Three estimates of heritability are available from the half-sib pedigree design: the sire, dam and genotypic estimates. Because of its significantly smaller standard error, the genotypic estimate is preferred provided that there are no non-additive effects that inflate the estimate. I present two methods to test for such effects: these are a t-test of the paired sire and dam pseudovalues from the jackknife procedure and the likelihood ratio test from the animal model. Both methods are shown to be valid tests for significant dominance and/or maternal effects. SPLUS coding for the implementation of the jackknife method is provided. Unless sample sizes are very large, the power of the tests is low and hence caution is advised in the use of the genotypic estimate following a nonsignificant test. An approximate power analysis can be done using the data from the jackknife method but the estimated power is typically a substantial underestimate of the true power and its use is not recommended.
Model Transitions and Optimization Problem in Multi-Flexible-Body Modeling of Biopolymers

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the simulation of multi-flexible-body systems undergoing discontinuous changes in model definition. The equations governing the dynamics of the transitions from a higher to a lower fidelity model and vice versa are formulated through imposing/removing certain constraints on/from the system. Furthermore, the issue of the non-uniqueness of the results associated with the transition from a lower to a higher fidelity model is dealt with as an optimization problem. This optimization problem is subjected to the satisfaction of the impulse-momentum equations. The divide and conquer algorithm (DCA) is applied to formulate the dynamics of the transition. The DCA formulation in its basic form is time optimal and results in linear and logarithmic complexity when implemented in serial and parallel, respectively. As such, it reduces the computational cost of formulating and solving the optimization problem in the transitions to the finer models. Necessary mathematics for the algorithm implementation is developed and a numerical example is given to validate the method.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Preliminary Report: Investigation of Castor Bean Investment in Extra-Floral Nectary Glands and Reproduction

Abstract. The castor bean plant, Ricinus communis has EFN (extrafloral nectary) glands that attract ants which provide defense for the plant. From this, we proposed the idea that the more EFN glands a plant has, the more ants will visit the plant, and therefore provide more defense to the plant. Using the principle of allocation, we deduced that a plant using this strategy would invest less energy in reproduction than in defense, given that growth is fixed. In this experiment we examined the number of reproductive flowers that a plant produces (male and female) in relation to the number of EFN glands on the petiole. We predicted that the more EFN glands present, the fewer flowers will be found on the plant. When comparing males and females, we found that there was instead a positive correlation between female flowers and EFN glands but no correlation between male flowers and EFN glands. From our results and analysis, we concluded that even though more energy was invested in defense (total number of EFN gl...
An RNA polymerase II mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that mimics ultrabithorax.

An EMS-induced, sex-linked recessive lethal mutation that in heterozygous condition mimics the third-chromosome dominant mutant Ultrabithorax-130 (Ubx 130) has been discovered in Drosophila melanogaster. This Ultrabithorax-like (Ubl) mutant, when heterozygous, adds several hairs to and enlarges the apical segment (capitellum) of the haltere. Ubl fails to complement Ubl n [previously called l(1)L5], a recessive lethal null allele located in section 10C of Bridges' (1938) map of the polytene X chromosome at map position 35.7. Ubl behaves as an antimorph: heterozygous deficiencies for section 10C do not display the Ubl dominant phenotype. Ubl shows a dosage effect: the maximum expression occurs in females with the genotype Ubl/Ubl; Dp Ubl +, in which the capitellum is about three times as large as that of Ubl/ +, with two or more rows of bristles. These flies are poorly viable and sterile when mated to Ubl; Dp Ubl + males, but produce a few offspring when mated to Ubl + males. Ubl displays a complex series of interactions with loci other than Ubx and elicits expression of specific mutant phenotypes when it is heterozygous in trans with certain nonallelic deficiencies and recessive mutations. Greenleaf et al. (1980) have demonstrated that Ubl is allelic with an α-amanitin-resistant mutation that affects RNA polymerase II; therefore, the interactions observed between Ubl and other loci may result from an inability of heterozygous Ubl flies to undergo normal transcription.
Control of protein topology at the endoplasmic reticulum.

I have described recent work that supports several conclusions that might not have been previously expected: first, that stop transfer, like the initiation of translocation, is receptor-mediated; second, that at least some of the topology-determining events at the ER membrane can be regulated (an example is provided where regulation may occur developmentally [PrP] and a possible example where receptor interactions for stop transfer seem to have been dissociated from those of integration in the membrane, in the course of evolution [apo B]); third, that these variations on the universal mechanism of eukaryotic secretory and transmembrane protein biogenesis can occur either through the variations in sequences presented to the common machinery of translocation or through variations in the machinery with which these sequences interact. Thus, on the one hand, at least some of these variations are directed by signal and stop transfer sequence subtypes and, on the other hand, in at least one case, a special cytoplasmic factor distinct from the core machinery for chain translocation also seems to be involved (RRL cytosolic factor effect on PrP topology) in the special handling of the STE stop transfer sequence subtype. In another case, the conserved universal machinery is engaged by a protein (apo B) to carry out an unusual, if not unique, mechanism presumably related to the lipid carrying role of this soluble secretory protein. Whether stop transfer sequence subtypes are involved here remains to be demonstrated, but it is a tempting hypothesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ER is more than a barrier to be overcome in protein export. In some cases, it plays a regulatory role in gene expression (e.g., alternate fates of PrP), and in other cases, it plays a role as a specialized assembly line for biogenesis of proteins with unusual properties. It seems likely that many other examples of proteins using these two mechanisms will be found, as well as entirely different variations on the mechanisms of protein biogenesis. A common conceptual theme is likely to be that they are all directed by discrete sequences within the particular newly synthesized proteins engaging both/either the common and/or distinctive component of the cellular machinery for protein biogenesis.
PARTICIPATION AND CONTENT IN COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE BOARD MEETINGS

This study examined meetings of North Carolina community and technical college boards of trustees, focusing on the participation and contributions to the content of those meetings by board members. The boards represented smallest to largest institutions, in the eastern, central and western regions of the State. They met morning, mid‐day, afternoon and evening on a monthly, bi‐monthly, and tri‐monthly schedule from August 1986 through February 1987. Attendance was high, with few late arrivals or early departures. All agendas, ranging from 6 to 18 items, were completed in 50 to 115 minutes, with limited comments or questions by trustees. Members initiated little during the meetings and provided little evidence of use of sources of information from other than their college personnel. It is suggested that meeting at least monthly for at least 1 1/2 hours (mean for the study was 73 minutes) could encourage more initiating contributions by members. Boards should consider regular examination of the processes of ...
An interview with Surajit Chaudhuri

Surajit Chaudhuri, Distinguished Scientist and head of the Extreme Computing Group (XCG) at Microsoft Research, Redmond provides valuable insights for revisiting data analytics in the context of big data.
Systematic evaluation of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease among children under five: the pneumococcal global serotype project.

Hope Johnson and colleagues calculate the global and regional burden of serotype-specific pneumococcal disease in children under the age of five.
A Computer Program for Multidimensional Contingency Table Construction 1

A computer program (ALT) is presented as an aid in the analysis of cross-classified categorical data. Program ALT can accept a maximum of 500 variables as data and construct a frequency table of from 1 to 8 dimensions. Each variable may have as many as 8 categories. In addition, ALT can combine, recode, and create formal variables at the user's discretion.
Sterility of platelet concentrates stored at 25 C.

One hundred platelet concentrates were stored at 25 C and cultured for bacterial growth on four successive days. No bacterial contamination was detected which suggests that platelet concentrates, prepared in a closed system, are sterile and remain so under these conditions.
An unusual cause of nasal airway obstruction in a neonate: trans-sellar, trans-sphenoidal cephalocoele.

INTRODUCTION Neonates are obligate nasal breathers, and nasal obstruction may have serious implications. We present an extremely rare cause of neonatal nasal obstruction, and its management. CASE REPORT An eight-day-old neonate was referred for upper airway obstruction. Initial investigations had identified no obvious cause. Rigid airway endoscopy revealed a large, cystic lesion appearing to arise from the roof of the posterior nasal space. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a basal cephalocoele projecting inferiorly into the oropharynx, with an intracranial connection to the pituitary fossa. Histology showed fibrovascular tissue lined on one aspect by respiratory type epithelium, with mucous glands present. The tissue contained multiple cystic spaces lined by choroid plexus epithelium, with glial tissue present in the walls of the mass. A transpalatal excision of the nasopharyngeal cephalocoele, with closure of the intracranial connection, palatal repair and lumbar drain placement was undertaken. Post-operative recovery was uneventful, with no evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage or palatal dysfunction. CONCLUSION This surgical approach gave excellent access whilst avoiding the obvious morbidity associated with an intracranial approach. Nasal masses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress due to nasal obstruction.
Stereochemistry and mechanism of the GDP-mannose dehydratase reaction.

Abstract The reaction catalyzed by bacterial GDP-mannose dehydratase (E.C. 4.2.1.47), the conversion of GDP- d -mannose to GDP-4-keto-6-deoxymannose (GDP-6-deoxy- d - lyxo -hexos-4-ulose), was studied with (6 R )- and (6 S )-GDP- d -[4- 2 H 1 ,6- 3 H]mannose. Conversion of these stereospecifically labeled substrates in the presence of excess unlabeled GDP-mannose into the 4-keto-6-deoxy derivatives followed by Kuhn-Roth oxidation gave acetic acid samples which were subjected to configurational analysis of the isotopically chiral methyl group. The observed F values of 64 for the material from the (6 S ) substrate and 31 for that from the (6 R ) isomer, corresponding to 48% e.e. R and 66% e.e. S configuration, respectively, of the methyl group indicate that (a) the oxidoreductase reaction involves transfer of H-4 to C-6, (b) the transfer is predominantly intramolecular, and (c) the transfer is stereospecific, H-4 replacing the C-6 hydroxyl group with inversion of configuration. A mechanism for the reaction is proposed on the basis of these results.
Sweet and sour: a scientific and legal look at herbicide-tolerant sugar beet.

American sugar beet farmers produce half of our domestic refined sugar valued at over $3 billion per year ([APHIS, 2010][1]). The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (CA District Court) will soon determine whether U.S. farmers can continue to grow genetically modified (GM)
Activity, Motor Coordination and Attention: Individual Differences in Twins:

Differences in temperament, attention span, and activity level as reported by mothers of 56 pairs of 12-mo.-old twins were related to tested differences in cognitive abilities at age 4 yr. The more...
Covered Stents for Late Postoperative Arterial Hemorrhage after Pancreaticoduodenectomy

The use of covered stents in treating delayed postoperative hepatic artery hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy may preserve hepatic arterial flow. The authors report two cases of massive hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy that were successfully treated with covered stents. Computed tomographic angiography demonstrated postprocedure patency of the hepatic arteries at 13 and 15 months, respectively. When technically feasible, percutaneous placement of stent-grafts may be used as a first-line intervention in delayed hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Likelihood ratio testing on partial multinormal data

Abstract A test procedure is developed for determining whether information contained in partial multinormal vectors is sufficient to significantly alter estimates of multivariate normal population parameters. The procedure uses the likelihood ratio and provides an a priori decision mechanism for the Hocking-Marx estimation scheme.
Promoting Evidence-Informed Governance: Lessons from Evaluation

The past half-century has witnessed increasingly sophisticated efforts in the enterprise to gather, interpret, and use information to improve the operations of the public sector. Performance measurement has been at the forefront of these efforts to generate evidence to inform policymakers, but the outcomes of adopting performance measurement systems have not always matched expectations. One challenge for performance measurement is that it can fulfill different roles that may be most effective in different situations. This article seeks to support performance measurement by describing parallel efforts in the field of program evaluation aimed at improving the fit between inquiry approaches and the information needs of specific contexts. The goal is to highlight the lessons learned in another evaluative approach to develop a more context-sensitive approach to using performance measurement in support of different purposes.
Underwater measurements of off-axis radiance compared with various analytical treatments of the radiative transfer equation: a comment

A recent paper [ R. Anderson L. Stotts , J. Opt. Soc. Am.72, 738– 746 ( 1982)] gives plots of undersea radiance measurements that show anomalous brightness at unlikely angles. Difficulties with a critical alignment could have produced these results.
Studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. I. Biological and physicochemical properties of the pokeweed mitogen.

The saline extract from the roots of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) possesses three biological properties; hemagglutinin, leukagglutinin, and mitogen. Fractionation and further purification on calcium phosphate column chromatography revealed that the biologically active substance was eluted in the front moving fraction with 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5. Analytical separation on polyacrylamide gels in disc electrophoresis yielded a single homogeneous band with an Rf value of 0.43 containing all three biological activities. This fraction had an ultraviolet absorption spectrum similar to PHA, was stable to both periodate and mercaptoethanol treatment and gave a single band in double diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic analysis against the antibody prepared to the crude PWM saline extract. Absorption studies with red cells or stroma revealed that the hemagglutinin could be selectively removed without significantly altering the mitogen, whereas absorption with leukocytes resulted in loss of both the mitogenic and leukagglutinating activities.
Antihypertensive medication use in Hispanic adults: a comparison with black adults and white adults.

BACKGROUND Variations in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among different racial/ethnic groups have been widely reported. It is unclear whether these differences are explained fully by differences in socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, health status, and health behaviors, or whether these differences indicate that racial/ethnic subgroups have unique barriers to hypertension control. OBJECTIVES Determine whether there are significant differences between racial/ethnic groups in medication use for hypertension after adjusting for potentially confounding variables. RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of the 1992 Health and Retirement Study. SUBJECTS 2450 non-Hispanic white, 939 non-Hispanic black, and 345 Hispanic participants, ages 51 to 61, reporting a history of hypertension. MEASURES Self-reported current antihypertensive medication use. We used logistic regression to adjust for demographics, socioeconomic status, health status, insurance, and health risk behaviors. RESULTS 63.6% of white adults, 72.6% of black adults, and 52.5% of Hispanic adults reported current medication use to control hypertension (P <0.001 across all three groups). In stratified analysis, the lower rate of use for Hispanic adults was consistent regardless of gender, insurance coverage, or health status. After controlling for all variables, the adjusted prevalence for Hispanic adults was 50.8% and 73.3% for black adults. CONCLUSIONS The differences in antihypertensive medication use between white adults, black adults, and Hispanic adults, particularly the markedly lower rates among Hispanic adults, are not explained by differences in demographics, socioeconomic status, health insurance coverage, health status, or health risk behaviors. Alternative explanations for these results and areas for future research and intervention are explored.
Vertebrate Tracks in Pleistocene Eolian Sand-Sheet Deposits of Alaska

Deformation structures interpreted as vertebrate hoof- and foot-tracks occur within upper-Pleistocene eolian sand-sheet deposits in the stabilized Kantishna sand sea of central Alaska and in the Nushagak lowland of southwestern Alaska. Exposures of tracks are generally limited to cross sections, which reveal concave-up deformation structures in which displacement of preexisting strata diminishes downward. Deposits in both areas contain tracks that are 6 to 16 cm in diameter and are divided by a central ridge, reflecting formation by artiodactyl (even-toed) ungulates. Larger (21–34 cm) tracks without a central ridge, observed in the Nushagak lowland, were formed by proboscideans, probably woolly mammoth. Large vertebrate tracks occur within irregularly stratified sand and silty sand that accumulated upon partially vegetated sand sheets, and within thin, even wind-ripple laminae of unvegetated sand sheets. The presence of tracks at multiple stratigraphic levels and preservation of roots and rhizocretions within the eolian deposits suggest that vegetated sand sheets may have formed a locally important grazing habitat for large herbivores during at least part of the last glaciation. Recognition that vertebrate tracks are preserved in eolian sand-sheet deposits, and in deposits of other environments as well, opens a new source of stratigraphic and paleoecological data to aid reconstruction of the vanished ecosystems of Beringia.
Explaining educational influences on attitudes toward homosexual relations

Abstract Despite changing attitudes toward homosexual relations in the United States, college-educated individuals remain less disapproving of homosexual sex than less-educated persons. Using recent General Social Survey data, this study considers three alternative explanations for the established association between schooling and support for same-sex relations. First, education may promote tolerance of homosexual sex by teaching support of nonconformity. Second, schooling may promote greater cognitive sophistication and complex reasoning, thus enabling individuals to better evaluate new ideas. Third, the observed relationship between education and tolerance may be the spurious result of affluence of the parental home. We find that the relation of education and attitudes is not a spurious one. Rather, the liberalizing effect of education on attitudes toward homosexual relations is due, in part, to education’s association with support for civil liberties, and in part, to schooling’s correlation with cognitive sophistication.
The degree of similarity of differentiation of self between partners in married and dating couples: Preliminary evidence

Bowen's differentiation of self construct is examined through a test in two studies of the hypothesis that people select partners at similar levels of differentiation of self. One study used a sample of married couples and the other a sample of dating and engaged couples. The studies used different instruments for determining differentiation of self. Three data analysis procedures—correlations, t-tests, and the degree of similarity procedure—provided conflicting evidence for the similarity hypothesis. Results are discussed as they pertain to statistical analysis issues using related individuals and to Bowen family systems theory and the use of this theory in clinical practice.
Cytochrome oxidase assembly does not require catalytically active cytochrome C.

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the transfer of electrons from reduced cytochrome c to molecular oxygen. COX assembly requires the coming together of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits and the assistance of a large number of nuclear gene products acting at different stages of maturation of the enzyme. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of cytochrome c, encoded by CYC1 andCYC7, is required not only for electron transfer but also for COX assembly through a still unknown mechanism. We have attempted to distinguish between a functional and structural requirement of cytochrome c in COX assembly. Acyc1/cyc7 double null mutant strain was transformed with the cyc1–166 mutant gene (Schweingruber, M. E., Stewart, J. W., and Sherman, F. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4132–4143) that expresses stable but catalytically inactive iso-1-cytochrome c. The COX content of the cyc1/cyc7 double mutant strain harboring non-functional iso-1-cytochrome c has been characterized spectrally, functionally, and immunochemically. The results of these studies demonstrate that cytochrome c plays a structural rather than functional role in assembly of cytochrome coxidase. In addition to its requirement for COX assembly, cytochromec also affects turnover of the enzyme. Mutants containing wild type apocytochrome c in mitochondria lack COX, suggesting that only the folded and mature protein is able to promote COX assembly.
Applications of coatings in coal-fired energy systems

Abstract Corrosion and erosion of metallic structural materials at elevated temperatures in complex multicomponent gas environment that include particulates are potential problems in many fossil energy systems, especially those using coal as a feedstock. The use of appropriate corrosion-resistant coatings on metallic components offers an avenue to minimize material degradation and to extend component life. The purpose of this paper is to review the current status of coating performance in environments typical of pulverized- coal-fired boilers, coal gasification, fluidized-bed combustion, and gas turbines. The complexity of environments in different systems and the coating requirements for acceptable performance are discussed. Examples illustrate the morphology and corrosion—erosion performance of coating—structural alloy combinations exposed in some of these systems. In addition, future research and development needs are discussed for coating applications in several coal-fired systems.
Historical Memory, Global Movements and Violence: Paul Gilroy and Arjun Appadurai in Conversation

This interview with Paul Gilroy and Arjun Appaddurai was conducted in the belief that these two thinkers, who stem from different disciplines but whose work meets at certain crucial junctures, would be able to present a discussion to a wider audience about the themes and issues that were currently motivating them in their work. Paul Gilroy's work is well known as a central reference point within the contemporary analysis of `race' and racism. At its most broad, he has a reputation for thinking throughout his writings about the historical constitution of race and the mobility of forms of racism over time and space. Arjun Appadurai's work emanates from the discipline of anthropology, and he has a specific and on-going interest in South East Asai Studies. He has been influential in the exploration of new modes of conceptualizing the remit and processes of forming anthropological knowledge. While both authors share certain key concerns, their interconnections are not explicit in their writings. This interview...
From the Margins to the Mainstream: Foreign Language Education and Community‐Based Learning

There is a growing amount of research in language learning and general education that supports the idea that addressing the fifth goal of the National Standards–communities–in the language classroom can be an effective way of teaching the target language. In addition, situating foreign language education within the literal and metaphorical spaces of our communities serves to emphasize the relevance of foreign languages in the contemporary world. This article gives specific examples of how community-based learning (CBL) in the foreign language classroom addresses the issue of communicative competence.
Far-Ultraviolet Intensities and Center-to-Limb Variations of Active Regions and Quiet Sun Using UARS SOLSTICE Irradiance Measurements and Ground-based Spectroheliograms

The average intensity and center-to-limb variation of active regions, enhanced network (large-scale active region fragments), and quiet Sun are estimated by minimizing the variance between time series of the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) far-ultraviolet (FUV) irradiance measurements and a model of the solar irradiance that depends on the distribution of solar surface features. The model is constrained by grouping the broad range of solar features into four components that contribute the most to solar irradiance variability over the solar activity cycle. The areas of these components arc identified on approximately 800 ground-based Ca II K spectroheliograms with an algorithm that uses criteria of size, filling factor, intensity, and contiguity. These 800 maps are the "known" parameters to the solar irradiance model. The unknown parameters to this model are the average intensities and center-to-limb variation of these four components. Because of systematic uncertainties associated with the SOLSTICE measurements and the Ca II K maps we are limited to reporting the computed intensities and center-to-limb variation of active regions, enhanced network, and quiet Sun for wavelengths between 120.0 and 170.0 nm. We find good spectral agreement between active region center-to-limb variations and image-based measurements of quiet-Sun center-to-limb variations. Intensities for plage, enhanced network, and quiet Sun are reported with a typical uncertainty of about 8%. This uncertainty is primarily associated with the SOLSTICE FUV calibration.
What's Wrong With Cross Coupling In Modal Wave-Front Estimation?

Modal wave front estimation is reviewed. A set of functions are derived which are orthogonal to the gradients of the modal functions, such as the Zernike polynomials. These functions can be used to project out any mode without cross coupling. Cross coupling is due to undermodeling and not due to a lack of orthogonality of the gradients. Cross coupling can be beneficial in that it provides a means of obtaining the best fit to a wave front with a given number of modes. Best fit estimation is distinguished from modal projection estimation.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Enacting the self: Buddhist and Enactivist approaches to the emergence of the self

In this paper, I take up the problem of the self through bringing together the insights, while correcting some of the shortcomings, of Indo–Tibetan Buddhist and enactivist accounts of the self. I begin with an examination of the Buddhist theory of non-self (anātman) and the rigorously reductionist interpretation of this doctrine developed by the Abhidharma school of Buddhism. After discussing some of the fundamental problems for Buddhist reductionism, I turn to the enactive approach to philosophy of mind and cognitive science. I argue that human beings, as dynamic systems, are characterized by a high degree of self-organizing autonomy. Therefore, human beings are not reducible to the more basic mental and physical events that constitute them. I critically examine Francisco Varela’s enactivist account of the self as virtual and his use of Buddhist ideas in support of this view. I argue, in contrast, that while the self is emergent and constructed, it is not merely virtual. Finally I sketch a Buddhist-enactivist account of the self. I argue for a non-reductionist view of the self as an active, embodied, embedded, self-organizing process—what the Buddhists call ‘I’-making (ahaṃkāra). This emergent process of self-making is grounded in the fundamentally recursive processes that characterize lived experience: autopoiesis at the biological level, temporalization and self-reference at the level of conscious experience, and conceptual and narrative construction at the level of intersubjectivity. In Buddhist terms, I will develop an account of the self as dependently originated and empty, but nevertheless real.
Neurological characteristics of HIV-infected men and women seeking primary medical care.

We examined the neurological differences between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men (n = 193) and women (n = 41) receiving primary medical care. There was no difference between men and women in the rate of HIV-related neurological syndromes (i.e. polyneuropathy, myelopathy, myopathy, HIV- dementia [HAD]). A logistic regression analysis indicated that low CD4+ cell count predicted all neurological syndromes. In addition, HAD was predicted by intravenous-drug use and lower education level, while neuropathy was associated with older age and with race. These findings indicate that there are no differences in the rate of neuropsychiatric disorders attributable to gender. The presence of other factors (e.g. drug abuse) could explain previously reported gender differences in neurological manifestations of HIV infection.
Self-consistent analysis of iVV-Auger fine structure

Abstract It is shown from the principles of the two-electron process in Auger-type transitions involving core-band-band excitations that a self-consistent set of guidelines can be developed for use in line-shape analysis. Three conditions derive from energy transformation considerations and two from the properties of the Auger convolution integral. It has been found that the use of such conditions is of considerable aid in the analysis of Auger fine structure for information such as chemical bond characteristics. It is recommended that these necessary constraints on the interpretation of Auger fine structure be considered to establish some credibility for fine structure analyses. Although complex structures may require a deconvolution analysis, it is evident that much can be learned about simple spectra from the other guidelines given herein.
Medium modifications and production of charmonia at LHC

Abstract A previously constructed transport approach to calculate the evolution of quarkonium yields and spectra in heavy-ion collisions is applied to Pb Pb ( s = 2.76 A TeV ) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this approach spectral properties of charmonia are constrained by Euclidean correlators from thermal lattice QCD and subsequently implemented into a Boltzmann equation accounting for both suppression and regeneration reactions. Based on a fair description of SPS and RHIC data, we provide predictions for the centrality dependence of J / ψ yields at LHC. The main uncertainty is associated with the input charm cross section, in particular its hitherto unknown reduction due to shadowing in nuclear collisions. Incomplete charm-quark thermalization and non-equilibrium in charmonium chemistry entail a marked reduction of the regeneration yield compared to the statistical equilibrium limit.
MAPS TO INTERRUPT A PATHOLOGY: IMMIGRANT POPULATIONS AND EDUCATION

From a critical language perspective, the main issues facing education of immigrant populations are the ways in which these populations are segregated as the Other and how educational practices often work to perpetuate a fringe status. In this paper, I draw upon both discursive perspectives on policymaking and pedagogical practices to address the ways in which immigrant multilingual populations are conflated as deficient English Language Learners and how this framing works hegemonically to situate them as an underclass in so-called developed nations. From this frame, I address the agenda facing critical linguistic research that addresses immigration and introduce the articles in this themed issue that provide possible architectures for knowing immigrant populations other than as deficient language learners.
PERSONALIZING AND MANAGING CONFLICT

Taking conflict personally (TCP) is conceptualized as a negative emotional personalization of conflict episodes. Here, individuals' TCP levels were examined in relationship to both their own conflict management styles and their perceptions of supervisors' conflict management styles. Results indicate that one's TCP levels are associated with one's own preferred conflict management style, with supervisor's perceived conflict style, and with satisfaction with supervisor.
Variability in the quality of visual working memory

Working memory is a mental storage system that keeps task-relevant information accessible for a brief span of time, and it is strikingly limited. Its limits differ substantially across people but are assumed to be fixed for a given person. Here we show that there is substantial variability in the quality of working memory representations within an individual. This variability can be explained neither by fluctuations in attention or arousal over time, nor by uneven distribution of a limited mental commodity. Variability of this sort is inconsistent with the assumptions of the standard cognitive models of working memory capacity, including both slot- and resource-based models, and so we propose a new framework for understanding the limitations of working memory: a stochastic process of degradation that plays out independently across memories.
Interactions between Methane Oxidation and Nitrification in Coastal Sediments

Galveston Bay sediments exhibit substantial spatial and seasonal variability in rates of nitrification and aerobic methane oxidation. We examined the biogeochemical and microbiological controls on these processes using aerobic enrichment slurries. Potential aerobic methane and ammonia oxidation rates from unamended control slurries were compared to rates in slurries amended with methane, ammonium, or methane + ammonium. Bacterial community composition was monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of PCR amplified ribosomal and functional gene DNA. Potential methane and ammonia oxidation rates increased over time in sediments amended with methane and ammonium, respectively. The highest potential methane oxidation rates occurred in treatments receiving both ammonium and methane suggesting that methanotrophs in the enrichment cultures were nitrogen limited. The highest ammonia oxidation rates occurred in treatments amended with ammonium only. Treatments receiving both ammonium a...
Numerical simulation of unsteady incompressible viscous flows in generalized coordinate systems

Several numerical solutions of the three dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized coordinate systems are presented. The governing equations are discretized by finite volumes with special care to the accurate approximation of the geometric quantities. The unknowns are the pressure and the volume fluxes over the computational cell faces. This formulation results in a robust fractional step solution method for solving discrete equations. Although this method is formulated for the three dimensional case, only two dimensional unsteady results are given. Results are presented for a lid driven two dimensional cavity flow at Reynolds number of 10,000, and for the flow over a circular cylinder with vortex shedding for several Reynolds numbers in the range 100 less than Re less than 1000.
Comparative Analysis of Modularity in Biological Systems

In systems biology, comparative analysis of molecular interactions across diverse species indicates that conservation and divergence of networks can be used to understand functional evolution from a systems perspective. A key characteristic of these networks is their modularity, which contributes significantly to their robustness, as well as adaptability. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of modularity in biological networks through phylogenetic analysis of network modules. Namely, we develop a computational framework, which identifies modules in networks of diverse species independently and projects these modules into the networks of other species, with aview to capturing the evolutionary trajectories of functional modules. These trajectories can then be used to reconstruct modular phylogenies and whole-network phylogenies, or to enhance identification of functional modules. In the context of phylogeny reconstruction, our experiments on a comprehensive collection of simulated and real networks show that comparison of networks based on module trajectories is more informative than other measures of network similarity. These results demonstrate the key role of modularity in the functional evolution of biological systems and motivate further investigation of the evolution of functional modules.
Adult Human Upper Esophageal Sphincter Contains Specialized Muscle Fibers Expressing Unusual Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms

The functional upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is composed of the cricopharyngeus muscle (CP), the most inferior part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor (iIPC), and the upper esophagus (UE). This sphincter is collapsed and exhibits sustained muscle activity in the resting state; it only relaxes and opens during swallowing, vomiting, and belching. The tonic contractile properties of the UES suggest that the skeletal muscle fibers in this sphincter differ from those in the limb and trunk muscles. In this study, myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition in the adult human UES muscles obtained from autopsies was investigated using immunocytochemical and immunoblotting techniques. Results showed that the adult human UES muscle fibers expressed unusual MHC isoforms such as slow-tonic (MHC-ton), α-cardiac (MHC-α), neonatal (MHC-neo), and embryonic (MHC-emb), which coexisted with the major MHCs (i.e., MHCI, IIa, and IIx). MHC-ton and MHC-α were coexpressed predominantly with slow-type I MHC isoform, whereas MHC-n...
Formation Of ZnTe: Cu/Ti Contacts at High Temperature for CdS/CdTe Devices

We study the performance of CdS/CdTe thin-film devices contacted with ZnTe:Cu/Ti of various thickness at a higher-than-optimum temperature of ~360degC. At this temperature, optimum device performance requires the same thickness of ZnTe:Cu as for similar contacts formed at a lower temperature of 320degC. C-V analysis indicates that a ZnTe:Cu layer thickness of <~0.5 mum does not yield the degree of CdTe net acceptor concentration necessary to reduce space charge width to its optimum value for n-p device operation. The thickest ZnTe:Cu layer investigated (1mum) yields the highest CdTe net acceptor concentration, lowest value of Jo, and highest Voc. However, performance is limited for this device by poor fill factor. We suggest poor fill factor is due to Cu-related acceptors compensating donors in CdS
Improving ERCP quality and decreasing risk to patients and providers

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) continues to be one of the most complex gastrointestinal procedures and carries the highest risk of complications. Optimizing the outcome of ERCP requires a fine balance between the risk and the benefit of every maneuver performed. This fine balance has to include an analysis of the indication for the procedure, the optimal timing, the setting where the procedure is performed, the endoscopist and staff training and expertise, availability of surgical and interventional radiology support, the risk of every maneuver and ways to minimize this risk. As in any other procedure, it is very important to know one’s limitations and have a plan for failed procedures including consulting a colleague or referring the patient to a center with more expertise. In addition, a process of quality improvement is integral to every endoscopy center to address areas of underperformance, improve patient care and decrease liability.
A retrospective evaluation of laminitis in horses

Case records of 202 horses treated for laminitis were reviewed with the intent of determining the long-term outcome and correlating this with digital radiographic findings and with the degree of pain associated with the laminitis. At long-term follow-up 57 horses had returned to athletic soundness (Group 1), 20 horses were intermittently lame (Group 2), 19 horses had permanent severe lameness (Group 3), 97 were dead (Group 4), and 9 were lost to follow up. Using simple regression analysis, functional outcome did not correlate with the degree of rotation (R2 = 0.004) or the presence of distal displacement (R2 = 0.139). Functional outcome did correlate with the clinical grade of laminitis (R2 = 0.504). Horses in Group 1 had significantly less distal phalangeal rotation (5.89 +/- 6.48 degrees) than did horses in Group 2 (11.10 +/- 8.19) and Group 3 (14.50 +/- 10.80), but were not significantly different from Group 4 horses (7.49 +/- 6.57). Of 96 surviving horses, 23 had evidence of distal displacement compared with 54 of 97 non-survivors. Based on these results, horses that develop distal displacement of the distal phalanx are more likely to die than are horses without distal displacement; however, the presence or absence of distal phalangeal displacement and the degree of distal phalangeal rotation cannot be used to predict the outcome of a horse with laminitis. Clinical assessment is a more reliable means of determining the final outcome and should be given precedence over radiographic findings.
Operation of Bearings and Pumps at Low Temperatures

Two years ago the Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards started a program to study pumping of liquid hydrogen at low heads. The primary application was for a pumping unit to circulate 100 gpm of liquid hydrogen with a pressure drop of 5 psig through the cooling passages of an electromagnet. Preliminary work involved the modification of water pumps for pumping cryogenic fluids and these investigations have been described earlier.1