cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of the Current Problems of the Social Care of Handicapped Children

Problems of handicapped children, in the context of social care of children in Yugoslavia are solved through the integral development of the associated labor, local communities, self-management communities of interest and other subjects in accordance with the SFRY Constitution, constitutions of the republics and provinces, the Associated Labor Act in the sphere of self-management of the republics and provinces, which are competent for the total field of social care of children and families.
Central Mexico Postclassic

absolute time period: 1300-429 b.p.-includes the Epiclassic (1300/1250-1050/1000 b.p.), Early Postclassic (1050/1000-800 b.p.), Middle Postclassic (800-600 b.p.), and Late Postclassic (600-429 b.p.). Absolute dates vary geographically.
Approach to asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation

How to manage a patient who has an elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level but no or insignificant muscle-related signs and symptoms is a clinical conundrum. The authors provide a systematic approach, including repeat testing after a period of rest, defining higher thresholds over which pursuing a diagnosis is worthwhile, and evaluating for a variety of nonneuromuscular causes. They also outline a workup for neuromuscular causes.
Social policy in an era of austerity

The resurgence of conservatism in the late 1970s marked an important development for western industrial democracies. The electoral triumphs of Reagan and Thatcher signaled a juncture of economic, social, and political pressures that challenged the Keynesian settlement of the postwar period. The resulting clash between committed reform administrations and an established set of institutions, organizations, and policies led to a decade of turbulent domestic politics in both Britain and the United States. This chapter suggests why, within this turbulence, the welfare state remained an area of relative calm. THE SOURCES OF PROGRAMMATIC DURABILITY Both Reagan and Thatcher found that cutting social programs posed an extraordinary challenge. If they were able to achieve occasional successes, the more frequent outcome was one of initially aggressive efforts giving way to embarrassed retreat. On the whole, welfare state programs demonstrated considerable resilience during the tenures of both leaders. The proximate reasons for this pattern were suggested in Chapter 1. Unlike many parts of the conservative agenda, the pursuit of welfare state retrenchment was an unpopular undertaking. Imposing losses on specific groups usually generated such a vigorous response and such limited political benefits that governments were forced to adopt a more cautious posture, picking their opportunities for reform carefully and shifting their emphasis to other policy goals. Nevertheless, if the immediate causes of programmatic stability are evident, it remains true that some programs proved vulnerable.
17 O NMR Studies of Solid Amino Acids

17O nmr quadrupolar echo experiments have been performed of polycrystalline 1-leucine in order to gain better insight into its crystalline structure and dynamics of molecular motion primarily of the structural aspects of N – H…O hydrogen bonds. The central transition (m-1/2 -1/2) NMR spectrum was derived by Fourier transforming the second half of the quadrupolar echo signal. The spectrum was further analyzed by a numerical method. L-leucine was enriched to about 20% in 17 O and studies were carried out in a magnetic field of 4.23 T (17O Larmor frequency 24.4 MHz). The measurements were performed in the temperature range of -50°C to 80°C. The room temperature (26°C) spectrum consists of two lines, each having a shape typical to NMR powder pattern of a central transition in the case when second order quadrupolar perturbation is significant.
New Benzylpotassium Reagents and Their Utility for the Synthesis of Homoleptic Uranium(IV) Benzyl Derivatives

A new family of benzylpotassium reagents, KBn′(1-Bn′) (Bn′ = p-iPrBn, p-tBuBn, p-NMe2Bn, p-SMeBn, m-OMeBn, o-OMeBn, 2-picolyl), was synthesized using a modified literature procedure and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Combining four equivalents of 1-Bn′ with UCl4 at low temperature in THF afforded the homoleptic uranium(IV) derivatives 2-Bn′ (2-p-iPr, 2-p-tBu, 2-p-NMe2, 2-p-SMe, 2-o-Picolyl, 2-m-OMe, 2-o-OMe). In addition to 1H NMR spectroscopic characterization, structural studies of five of these organouranium compounds (2-p-iPr, 2-p-tBu, 2-o-Picolyl, 2-m-OMe, 2-o-OMe) were performed, showing that in many cases the benzyl groups are coordinated in an η4-fashion, lending stability to these otherwise low-coordinate molecules. In the cases of U(o-OMeBn)4 (2-o-OMe) and U(2-picolyl)4 (2-o-Picolyl), heteroatom coordination to the uranium center is observed.
Enhancement of DC-based immunotherapy using a small molecule TGF-β inhibitor

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 5310 The limited clinical efficacy of existing dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines can be attributed in part to suppressive factors produced by the growing tumor that inhibit the ability of the immune system to mount an effective anti-tumor response. One of these factors is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). We have previously shown that TGF-β directly contributes to the invasive and metastatic potential of 4T1 breast cancer cells by inducing morphological changes indicative of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, this cytokine may further promote tumor progression in vivo by inhibiting the antigen presenting and immunostimulatory activities of DCs. Strategies that neutralize the effects of TGF-β may therefore lead to more effective DC-based cancer therapies by controlling tumor spread and permitting the successful induction of the anti-tumor response. HTS466284 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β that has been shown to selectively bind to the TGF-β receptor type I (TGF-βRI), stabilizing this receptor in an inactive conformation that subsequently inhibits downstream signaling events. In this study, we employed HTS466284, a novel TGF-βRI kinase inhibitor, to render DCs resistant to the deleterious effects of tumor-derived TGF-β in order to more effectively treat established 4T1 tumors. Our results show that HTS466284 blocked gene transcription in a dose dependant manner following TGF-β exposure in mink lung epithelial cells transfected with the TGF-β responsive 3TP-Lux reporter construct. In addition, HTS466284 prevented Smad2 phosphorylation, an early step in the TGF-β signaling cascade, in both DCs and 4T1 cells. Blockade of TGF-β signal transduction in 4T1 cells by HTS466284 treatment prevented TGF-β-induced EMT and inhibited the in vitro migration of these cells. Finally, treatment of mice bearing established 4T1 tumors with the combination of DC and HTS466284 significantly delayed tumor growth and inhibited surface lung metastasis formation. These results demonstrate that HTS466284 treatment may represent a viable strategy to bolster the efficacy of DC-based anti-cancer vaccines.
The Influence of Planned Aggression on the Journey to Homicide An Examination Across Typology Classifications

We assessed the impact of planned aggression across homicide mobility types in Newark, New Jersey, from 1997 through 2007. Homicides where offenders traveled to victims’ resident/incident locales were more likely to involve aggressive intent, whereas homicides where victims traversed to offender/incident locales were less likely to involve planned aggression. Planned aggression was unrelated to geographically proximate (internal) homicides as well as geographically distinct (total mobility) homicides. Study findings show that routine activities and situational characteristics are not only important in explaining homicide patterns but also demonstrate that planned aggression meaningfully contributes to the routine activities and environmental criminology frameworks under specific geographic conditions.
In Silico Identification of Bioremediation Potential: Carbamazepine and Other Recalcitrant Personal Care Products

Emerging contaminants are principally personal care products not readily removed by conventional wastewater treatment and, with an increasing reliance on water recycling, become disseminated in drinking water supplies. Carbamazepine, a widely used neuroactive pharmaceutical, increasingly escapes wastewater treatment and is found in potable water. In this study, a mechanism is proposed by which carbamazepine resists biodegradation, and a previously unknown microbial biodegradation was predicted computationally. The prediction identified biphenyl dioxygenase from Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400 as the best candidate enzyme for metabolizing carbamazepine. The rate of degradation described here is 40 times greater than the best reported rates. The metabolites cis-10,11-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine and cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrocarbamazepine were demonstrated with the native organism and a recombinant host. The metabolites are considered nonharmful and mitigate the generation of carcinogenic acrid...
Usefulness for Predicting Cardiac Events After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Preoperatively.

Patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation have high rates of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Although guidelines recommend noninvasive stress testing as part of the preoperative evaluation, little data have evaluated clinical outcomes following orthotopic liver transplantation. A retrospective study at 2 high-volume liver transplantation centers was performed. All patients undergoing noninvasive stress testing (myocardial perfusion imaging [MPI] or dobutamine stress echocardiography [DSE]) over a 5-year period were included. Descriptive analyses, including clinical outcomes and perioperative and postoperative ischemic events, were performed. Comparisons were made between subsets of patients within each stress modality based on abnormal versus normal results. A total of 506 patients were included, of which 343 underwent DSE and 163 MPI. Few patients had abnormal results, with 19 (5.5%) in the DSE group and 13 (8%) in the MPI group. Perioperative and postoperative cardiac complications were low (n = 20, 5.8% and n = 3, 0.9% in DSE group and n = 15, 9.2% and n = 3, 1.8% in MPI group). Comparisons between abnormal versus normal findings showed a trend toward periprocedural cardiac complications in the abnormal DSE group (n = 3, 15.8% vs n = 17, 5.25%; p = 0.09) with no difference in 6-month postprocedural complications (n = 0 vs n = 3, 0.9%; p = 1.0). In the MPI group, a trend toward periprocedural ischemic complications (n = 3, 23.1% vs n = 12, 8%; p = 0.1) was noted with no difference in 6-month postprocedural complications (n = 0 vs n = 3, 2%; p = 1.0). In conclusion, our study found a significantly lower than reported cardiac event rate. In addition, it demonstrated that ischemic cardiac events are uncommon in patients with normal stress testing.
Experiences of Urban African Americans with Cancer Pain.

Abstract The experience of cancer pain is poorly understood from the perspective of African Americans, who experience higher levels of pain, more pain-related distress, and poorer function than Caucasians. Decreased perceived control over pain may play a greater role for African American patients, affecting pain-related distress and function. The purpose of this study was to add to the understanding of cancer pain and perceived control over pain in African Americans, from the patients’ perspective. This qualitative inquiry was part of a larger mixed-methods study testing an intervention to improve pain, pain-related distress, and functional status through increasing perceived control over pain. Participants were recruited from the waiting room of an urban comprehensive cancer and interviewed in their homes. Interviews with 18 adult cancer patients who self-identified as African American and reported experiencing moderate to severe pain (>4 on a 0–10 scale) within the past two weeks were included. Qualitative interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative method. Two major themes emerged from this qualitative inquiry: struggles of the chronic pain experience and benefits of perceived control over pain. Each theme contained several categories. The study unveiled the participants account of both struggles of the chronic pain experience and barriers of perceived control that can be assessed for and targeted in nursing intervention. Benefits to having perceived control over pain were also illustrated in the participants’ narratives.
Annual variation in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings at Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) study sites

Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings were collected from 16 sites across the Great Lakes to quantify normal annual variation in total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and to validate the sample size choice in earlier work. A sample size of five eggs or five nestlings per site was adequate to quantify exposure to PCBs in tree swallows given the current exposure levels and variation. There was no difference in PCB exposure in two randomly selected sets of five eggs collected in the same year, but analyzed in different years. Additionally, there was only modest annual variation in exposure, with between 69% (nestlings) and 73% (eggs) of sites having no differences between years. There was a tendency, both statistically and qualitatively, for there to be less exposure in the second year compared to the first year.
Counsel, In-house

In-house counsel are professional employees. They are members of the staffs of organizations, both public and private. From an organizational perspective, in-house counsel raise questions about the causes and consequences of internalizing the legal function. From a professional perspective, in-house counsel raise questions about the market strength of the legal profession to maintain autonomous employment. From both perspectives, in-house counsel raise questions about the independent decisional authority that accompanies professional expertise. Depending on how discretion is allocated, both formally and informally, by legal systems, the judgments of inside counsel raise questions about organizational law compliance and organizational implementation of public values.
Resolving resistances to immediacy in the group setting.

This article presents interventions appropriate to three forms of resistance commonly encountered in the group. One is the tendency of members to talk in the past tense instead of the present. A se...
The Default Network and Social Cognition

The default network is a neurocognitive network implicated in social cognition and other forms of self-generated thought. The neuroanatomical topography of the default network, delineated using resting-state functional connectivity MRI, includes core regions and two distinct subsystems. First, the dorsomedial subsystem is primarily associated with social cognitive processes, such as mentalizing. Second, the medial temporal subsystem is primarily associated with memory-related processes, such as autobiographical recollection and imagination. Finally, these two subsystems interact with core regions, which are primarily associated with self-referential processes. Dynamic interaction between components of the default network provides a neural basis for temporally extended adaptive social cognition.
OpenMETA: A Model- and Component-Based Design Tool Chain for Cyber-Physical Systems

Model- and component-based design have yielded dramatic increase in design productivity in several narrowly focused homogeneous domains, such as signal processing, control and aspects of electronic design. However, significant impact on the design and manufacturing of complex cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as vehicles has not yet been achieved. This paper describes challenges of and solution approaches to building a comprehensive design tool suite for complex CPS. The primary driver for the OpenMETA tool chain was to push the boundaries of the “correct-by-construction” principle to decrease significantly the costly design-build-test-redesign cycles in design flows. In the discussions we will focus on the impact of heterogeneity in modeling CPS. This challenge is compounded by the need for rapidly evolving the design flow by changing/updating the selection of modeling languages, analysis and verification tools and synthesis methods. Based on our experience with the development of OpenMETA and with the evaluation of its performance in a complex CPS design challenge we argue that the current vertically integrated, discipline-specific tool chains for CPS design need to be complemented with horizontal integration layers that support model integration, tool integration and design process integration. This paper will examine the OpenMETA technical approach to construct the new integration layers, provides and overview of the technical framework we established for their implementation and summarize our experience with their application.
Demonstration of a pyroelectric wireless temperature sensor

Energy generation systems operating at high temperatures are becoming increasing dependent on real-time measurements to enhance the overall performance. Since most sensors in energy systems are exposed to high temperature, high pressure, or corrosive environments where wiring is not desirable, harsh environment temperature sensing is preferred to be measured wirelessly. In this study, Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) pyroelectric ceramic was used to develop a wireless temperature sensor. An electromagnet was built with a set number of loops of wire, length, and radius. A PZT ceramic exposed to a heating source to induce a rate of temperature change with time. Generated current from the PZT due to experiencing a rate of temperature change with time was then supplied to the electromagnet to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field was measured remotely with a milligaussmeter. The electromagnet was first characterized by measuring the magnetic field at different distances from the edge of the electromagnet along its axis. The milligaussmeter was able to detect the magnetic field generated by PZT pyroelectric ceramics at the specified distances from the electromagnet. A PZT sensor with a thickness of 0.1 cm was tested for use in a wireless temperature measurement configuration. Due to the non-linear pyroelectric response of PZT, the temperature dependent pyroelectric coefficient of PZT was also measured with a dynamic pyroelectric measurement technique in the temperature range from room temperature to 122 °C. The temperature dependent pyroelectric coefficient of PZT was found to increase from −40 × 10−5 C m−2 °C to −71.84 × 10−5 C m−2 °C. The PZT sensor was then tested for wireless temperature measurement applications at 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C, and showed a maximum 10% deviation from baseline measurements.
Effects of Preceding Context on Aesthetic Preference

Two experiments were conducted to examine sequential context effects on judgments of liking for artistic photographs. In Experiment 1, target photographs were preceded in a sequence by context phot...
Use of syringe filters to isolate Campylobacter species from stool samples

Abstract We investigated the efficacy of syringe filters and membrane filters with different pore sizes for recovering Campylobacter. A syringe filter with a 0.45 μm pore size achieved the highest recovery rate (0.29%), while polycarbonate membrane filters with pore sizes of 0.6 μm and 0.4 μm recovered less Campylobacter, at 0.01% and 1.3 × 10−3%, respectively. We also tested 601 diarrheic stool samples using membrane and syringe filtration methods. A total of 23 Campylobacter jejuni/coli were isolated from both syringe and membrane filtration; nine and one were isolated from only syringe or only membrane filtration, respectively (p
Mapping Multivariate Influence of Alloying Elements on Creep Behavior for Design of New Martensitic Steels

Heritage data for the class of 9 to 12 wt pct Cr steels are studied using data science to quantify the statistically significant relationships among multiple processing/microstructure and performance variables. The effort is undertaken to find new martensitic steels for creep life of $$10^5{{\text { hours}}}$$ or greater at 650 °C and 100 MPa using machine learning. Linear regression and lasso regression were utilized to identify alloying elements that contribute towards better creep strength. Visualization techniques such as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and pair-wire element specific comparisons were utilized to explore information gaps that exist within the data and are in conflict with existing domain knowledge. Combining all results suggest that the next alloy design to be explored should be 9 wt pct Cr with high W (2 to 3 wt pct) and high Co (2 to 3 wt pct) for creep life of $$10^5\,\,{\text { hours}}$$ or greater at 650 °C, 100 MPa.
Regulation of skeletal alpha-actin promoter in young chickens during hypertrophy caused by stretch overload

Anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of 3-wk-old male chickens were injected with plasmids containing various lengths of the chicken skeletal alpha-actin promoter (ranging from -2,090 to -77 rel...
School-Based Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Outcomes among Hispanic Children in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between school-based sedentary behavior, physical activity, and health-related outcomes, including cardiorespiratory fitness, weight status, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Hispanic children. The participants were 374 children (192 boys, 182 girls; Mage = 9.64) recruited from four elementary schools from 3rd grade through to 5th grade. Sedentary behavior and physical activity behaviors (light physical activity [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) during school were measured by accelerometers. Cardiorespiratory fitness and weight status were measured using the FITNESSGRAM®, while HRQOL was measured using the PedsQL 4.0TM Spanish version, a validated questionnaire. Sedentary behavior was negatively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQOL but positively associated with weight status. MVPA was positively correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQOL, but negatively associated with weight status and sedentary behavior. Multiple regressions demonstrated that sedentary behavior significantly predicted cardiorespiratory fitness and weight status, whereas MVPA significantly predicted HRQOL. With the current public health priority aiming to reduce health disparities in minority populations, the findings of this study provide important insights. Educators, health care providers, or other professionals working with Hispanic children are encouraged to focus on reducing sedentary behavior and promoting physical activity to improve their health-related outcomes.
Reframing Movement Modifications: Integrative Dance in a Collegiate Environment

Dancers embody movement with an individualized approach, informed by their own unique physicality, creativity, and lived experience. In this paper, the author describes an integrative dance course ...
Integral Equations Arising in the Open System Theory

In quantum mechanics, in potential scattering theory, and in diffraction theory it is important to know the complex poles of Green’s functions. These poles determine energy losses in open systems, and are called resonances in quantum mechanics (see Baz et al. [1], Lifschitz [1]). Here we give a general method for numerical calculation of these complex poles. The method is described for quantum mechanics scattering problems and for diffraction problems.
Development, validation, and proof-of-concept implementation of a two-year risk prediction model for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using common electronic health data (UNAFIED).

Many patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain undiagnosed despite availability of interventions to reduce stroke risk. Predictive models to date are limited by data requirements and theoretical usage. We aimed to develop a model for predicting the 2-year probability of AF diagnosis and implement it as proof-of-concept (POC) in a production electronic health record (EHR). We used a nested case–control design using data from the Indiana Network for Patient Care. The development cohort came from 2016 to 2017 (outcome period) and 2014 to 2015 (baseline). A separate validation cohort used outcome and baseline periods shifted 2 years before respective development cohort times. Machine learning approaches were used to build predictive model. Patients ≥ 18 years, later restricted to age ≥ 40 years, with at least two encounters and no AF during baseline, were included. In the 6-week EHR prospective pilot, the model was silently implemented in the production system at a large safety-net urban hospital. Three new and two previous logistic regression models were evaluated using receiver-operating characteristics. Number, characteristics, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores of patients identified by the model in the pilot are presented. After restricting age to ≥ 40 years, 31,474 AF cases (mean age, 71.5 years; female 49%) and 22,078 controls (mean age, 59.5 years; female 61%) comprised the development cohort. A 10-variable model using age, acute heart disease, albumin, body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gender, heart failure, insurance, kidney disease, and shock yielded the best performance (C-statistic, 0.80 [95% CI 0.79–0.80]). The model performed well in the validation cohort (C-statistic, 0.81 [95% CI 0.8–0.81]). In the EHR pilot, 7916/22,272 (35.5%; mean age, 66 years; female 50%) were identified as higher risk for AF; 5582 (70%) had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2. Using variables commonly available in the EHR, we created a predictive model to identify 2-year risk of developing AF in those previously without diagnosed AF. Successful POC implementation of the model in an EHR provided a practical strategy to identify patients who may benefit from interventions to reduce their stroke risk.
Letting go: Deep Computational Modeling Insights into pH-Dependent Calcium Affinity.

Calcium and other cofactors can feature as key additions to a molecular interface, to the extent that the cofactor is completely buried in the bound state. How can such an interaction be regulated then? The answer: By facilitating a switch through an allosteric network. Although a number of unbinding mechanisms are being characterized, an extensive computational study by Joswig et al. reveals a detailed model for the pattern recognition receptor langerin.
Emotional Intelligence and Project Outcomes in Technology

[Abstract] The present quantitative correlational research study explored relationships between Emotional Intelligence (EI) competencies, such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management, and project management outcomes: scope creep, in-budget project cost, and project timeliness. The study was conducted within the context of high technology projects of Hispanic professionals in the United States, as the research study environment. The purpose of the research study was to identify the relationships between the four EI predictor variables and the three project outcomes criterion variables, measuring their strength and direction. Statistical tests were conducted to determine if any of the relationships could support the notion of applying EI could improve the execution of high tech projects by using EI skills to help predict project outcomes. The sample population consisted of 88 Hispanic participants responding to an online survey instrument. Statistical correlational analysis of the collected data indicated the existence of some positive relationships between the identified EI skills and project outcomes existed. The research study conclusions should help understand the benefits of EI in the workplace from the perspective of the Hispanic population and the positive generalization of the study results to other ethnic groups.
Technological Organization of Paleoindian Small-Group Bison Hunting On the Llano Estacado

Noncommunal bison hunting on the Plains has rarely been studied. This paper discusses the lithic material from eight small, non communal bison kills at the Lubbock Lake site in the Texas Panhandle....
Adaptive Control for Periodical Time-Varying Systems with Unknown Frequencies

This paper presents a self-tuning technique designed to handle the periodical fast time-varying systems. The parameters of the system vary rapidly with unknown fequencies and amplitudes. We only know the form of variation is sinusoid. A frequency detector, which consists of a combined multistage estimator, a filter, a peak detector and a monitoring program, is used to estimate the frequencies of time-varying parameters. The estimated frequencies in turns are used in the estimator with time-varying model to obtain the fine estimates of the time-varying parameters which will be used to compute the parameters of adaptive controller. The result of this combination produces a satisfactory control performance unattainable otherwise. It also shows the feasibility of tailoring the existing adaptive control algorithm to fit the special type systems.
Imitation Learning Using Graphical Models

Imitation-based learning is a general mechanism for rapid acquisition of new behaviors in autonomous agents and robots. In this paper, we propose a new approach to learning by imitation based on parameter learning in probabilistic graphical models. Graphical models are used not only to model an agent's own dynamics but also the dynamics of an observed teacher. Parameter tying between the agent-teacher models ensures consistency and facilitates learning. Given only observations of the teacher's states, we use the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to learn both dynamics and policies within graphical models. We present results demonstrating that EM-based imitation learning outperforms pure exploration-based learning on a benchmark problem (the FlagWorld domain). We additionally show that the graphical model representation can be leveraged to incorporate domain knowledge (e.g., state space factoring) to achieve significant speed-up in learning.
Noxious pain fibers drive interleukin-23 mediated psoriasiform skin inflammation (CCR6P.275)

To protect against invading pathogens, the skin harbors specialized immune cells, including dermal dendritic cells (dDCs) and T cells, such as IL-17 producing γδT cells (γδT17) whose aberrant activation by IL-23 can provoke psoriasis-like inflammation. The skin is also innervated by peripheral nerves consisting of autonomic and sensory fibers. Interactions between the autonomic nervous system and immune cells in lymphoid organs are known to contribute to systemic immunity, but how peripheral nerves regulate cutaneous immune responses remains unclear. Here, we have exposed the skin of mice to, imiquimod (IMQ), which induces IL-23 dependent psoriasis-like inflammation. We show that a subset of TRPV1+ NaV1.8+ pain fibers is essential to drive this inflammatory response. Imaging of intact skin revealed that a large fraction of dDCs, the principal source of IL-23, is in close contact with pain fibers. Upon selective pharmacological or genetic ablation of nociceptors, dDCs failed to produce IL-23 in IMQ exposed skin. Consequently, the local production of IL-23 dependent inflammatory cytokines by dermal γδT17 cells and the subsequent recruitment of inflammatory cells to the skin were dramatically reduced. Intradermal injection of IL-23 bypassed the requirement for nociceptor communication with dDC and restored the inflammatory response. These findings indicate that nociceptors, by interacting with dDCs, regulate the IL-23/IL-17 pathway and control dermal immune responses.
First Starbursts at High Redshift: Formation of Globular Clusters

Numerical simulations of a Milky Way-size galaxy demonstrate that globular clusters with the properties similar to observed can form naturally at z>3 in the concordance ΛCDM cosmology. The clusters in our model form in the strongly baryon-dominated cores of supergiant molecular clouds. The first clusters form at z≈12, while the peak formation appears to be at z∼3–5. The zero-age mass function of globular clusters can be approximated by a power-law dN/dM ∞ M −2 in agreement with observations of young massive star clusters.
Evidence for transient perinatal glutamatergic innervation of globus pallidus

There is no known glutamatergic innervation of globus pallidus (GP) in adult mammals, but we report that during postnatal development of the GP there are large, transient increases in both presynaptic high-affinity glutamate uptake and postsynaptic Na+-independent glutamate receptor binding. These glutamatergic markers increase rapidly in rat GP after birth and then decrease to adult levels over a period of weeks. A similar developmental pattern of pallidal glutamate binding was found in human brains. In contrast, binding in rat caudate-putamen (CPu) increases after birth, reaches a peak, and remains constant into adulthood. The results suggest that a glutamatergic pathway transiently innervates the globus pallidus during the perinatal period. Because glutamate is an excitotoxin, this pathway may account, in part, for the basal ganglia damage seen in some forms of cerebral palsy after perinatal hypoxia/ischemia.
Serial PET Studies of Human Cerebral Malignancy with [1-11C]Putrescine and [1-11C]2-Deoxy-D-Glucose

Serial PET measurements of [1-11C]putrescine ([11C]PUT) uptake and glucose metabolic rate (GMR) using [1-11C]2-deoxy-D-glucose ([11C]2DG) were made on eight human subjects with a radiological and, in most cases, pathological diagnosis of primary or metastatic brain tumor. Blood-to-brain influx constants (Ki) were calculated for [11C]PUT. Tumor uptake of 11C after [11C]PUT injection was unidirectional peaking at 15 min. The mean +/- s.d. Kis for [11C]PUT for tumor and normal brain tissue were 0.78 +/- 0.045 and 0.024 +/- 0.007 ml cc-1 min-1, respectively (average of ratio, 3.11) whereas the ratio of GMR for tumor and normal brain tissue was 1.2 +/- 0.5. The mean Ki for four active, high grade astrocytomas was 0.098 +/- 0.030 in contrast to 0.027 +/- 0.008 ml cc-1 min-1 for two patients with low grade astrocytoma. Active high grade astrocytomas also showed marked CT contrast enhancement and regional glucose hypermetabolism. In one subject with brain metastases, both [11C]PUT and GMR correlated with a declining clinical picture in repeated studies over a 4-mo period. PET studies with [11C]PUT provide a better signal:noise ratio than GMR measurements, are useful for locating small glycolytically hypometabolic tumors and, when used in longitudinal studies in a single subject, appear to provide an index of degree of malignancy.
The Trials of Los Angeles Police Officers' in Connection with the Beating of Rodney King

It seemed like an open-and-shut case. The video, played on television so often that an executive at CNN called it wallpaper, showed Los Angeles police officers - as their supervisor watched - kicking, stomping on, and beating with metal batons a seemingly defenseless African-American named Rodney King. Polls taken shortly after the incident showed that over 90% of Los Angeles residents who saw the videotape believed that the police used excessive force in arresting King. Despite the videotape, a jury in Simi Valley concluded a year later that the evidence was not sufficient to convict the officers. Within hours of the jury's verdict, Los Angeles erupted in riots. When it was over, fifty-four people had lost their lives, over 7,000 people had been arrested, and hundreds of millions of dollars worth of property had been destroyed. Why did the twelve members of the jury fail to convict any of the officers? Was the jury racist, as some charged? Or did the jury see something in the evidence that justified the brutality witnessed on the Holliday videotape? The second trial of Stacey Koon, Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind, and Theodore Briseno began on February 25, 1993 in federal court in Los Angeles. Unlike the Simi Valley jury, the federal jury was racially mixed. On April 10, the case was submitted to the jury and, six days later, the jury concluded its work. The jury found two of the officers, Koon and Powell, guilty. They acquitted Officers Wind and Briseno. In October of 1993, Koon and Powell began serving 30-month sentences in separate federal correctional camps. Rodney King, meanwhile, won a $3.8 million verdict from the City of Los Angeles. He used some of the money he received in damages to found a rap record business, Alta-Pazz Recording Company.
Prediction of diffusion assisted hydrogen embrittlement failure in high strength martensitic steels

Abstract A stress assisted hydrogen diffusion transport model, a dislocation-density-based multiple-slip crystalline plasticity formulation, and an overlapping fracture method were used to investigate hydrogen diffusion and embrittlement in lath martensitic steels with distributions of M23C6 carbide precipitates. The formulation accounts for variant morphologies based on orientation relationships (ORs) that are uniquely inherent to lath martensitic microstructures. The interrelated effects of martensitic block and packet boundaries and carbide precipitates on hydrogen diffusion, hydrogen assisted crack nucleation and growth, are analyzed to characterize the competition between cleavage fracture and hydrogen diffusion assisted fracture along preferential microstructural fracture planes. Stresses along the three cleavage planes and the six hydrogen embrittlement fracture planes are monitored, such that crack nucleation and growth can nucleate along energetically favorable planes. High pressure gradients result in the accumulation of hydrogen, which embrittles martensite, and results in crack nucleation and growth along {110} planes. Cleavage fracture occurs along {100} planes when there is no significant hydrogen diffusion. The predictions indicate that hydrogen diffusion can suppress the emission and accumulation of dislocation density, and lead to fracture with low plastic strains.
Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy

The purpose of this review is to highlight recently published important articles on upper airway diseases and immunotherapy. We review articles on rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and immunotherapy. New insights into epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy are described for each of the above diseases. Regarding immunotherapy, we discuss numerous clinical trials on sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy, mechanisms of immunotherapy, safety, and use of modified allergens and biological agents for immunotherapy.
PARTICULARITIES OF DIVERSE EGG DEPOSITION PHENOMENA CHARACTERIZING CARNIVOROID HYMENOPTERA (WITH MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS)

Entomophagous carnivoroids, especially those in which the development of the individual (ontogeny) is effected by its subsistence on the body fluids and the flesh of one host individual, show an extreme diversity in form and habit whereby their embryonic and larval stages are adapted for a highly specialized mode of life.One of the more interesting of these adaptations is exhibited by biparental species of Hymenoptera in the placement of their haploid and diploid eggs in a particular organ or tissue of the host species. This adaptation may or may not be correlated with sex differentiation in host relations, a reproductive habit characterized either by differing oviposition responses that segregate haploid (male) and diploid (female) eggs to different kinds of hosts or, lacking such responses, by differing developmental mechanisms that segregate first instar males from first instar females.The available information regarding the occurrence of the obligatory associations between the hymenopterous egg and a specific organ or tissue of the host, their characteristics, and pertinent physiological prerequisites are summarized.Basically, these associations appear to be dependent on (1) the gravid carnivoroid usually being free of any physiological pressure (or urge) to oviposit despite the presence of eggs ready for deposition in the ovary and/or stored in the oviduct and (2) the limitation of egg deposition to the moment when the tip of the female’s ovipositor makes contact with a host or the spoor of the host. Freedom from oviposition pressure derives from the female’s ability to dispose of her "ripe" ovarian eggs by methods other than deposition, that is, either by storage in enlarged oviducts or by resorption into the bloodstream.
NMR studies of the association of cytochrome b5 with cytochrome c.

In an effort to gain greater insight into the molecular mechanism of the electron-transfer reactions of cytochrome b5, the bovine cytochrome b5−horse cytochrome c complex has been investigated by high-resolution multidimensional NMR spectroscopy using 13C, 15N-labeled cytochrome b5 expressed from a synthetic gene. Chemical shifts of the backbone 15N, 1H, and 13C resonances for 81 of the 82 residues of [U-90% 13C,U-90% 15N]-ferrous cytochrome b5 in a 1:1 complex with ferrous cytochrome c were compared with those of ferrous cytochrome b5 in the absence of cytochrome c. A total of 51% of these residues showed small, but significant, changes in chemical shifts (the largest shifts were 0.1 ppm for the amide 1H, 1.15 for 13Cα, 1.03 ppm for the amide 15N, and 0.15 ppm for the 1Hα resonances). Some of the residues exhibiting chemical shift changes are located in a region that has been implicated as the binding surface to cyt c [Salemme, F. R. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 10, 563−568]. Surprisingly, many of the residues w...
Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia

Three cases of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) are described. Lung biopsies demonstrated a similar characteristic histologic appearance of diffuse interstitial lymphocytes. Two had increased IgM. One patient developed a reticulum cell sarcoma. All were treated with prednisone but only one improved.
Therapeutic transplantation of the distal gut microbiota

Although it is generally accepted that the distal gut microbiota are relatively stable in healthy adult individuals, a collapse of the microbial community structure resulting from antibiotic therapy or pathogen presence can lead to gut dysfunction. However, recent findings demonstrate that it is possible to engraft new microbiota from a donor source, resulting in the restoration of gut functionality and improvement in health. This builds upon decades of case reports and series in which fecal transfers were used to successfully treat refractory and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. As fecal transplantation becomes part of mainstream medicine, it will likely provide a unique opportunity to study the interactions of humans with their attendant microbiota and allow greater insights into their synergistic functionality.
Compiling X10 to Java

X10 is a new programming language for improving the software productivity in the multicore era by making parallel/distributed programming easier. X10 programs are compiled into C++ or Java source code, but X10 supports various features not supported directly in Java. To implement them efficiently in Java, new compilation techniques are needed.This paper discusses problems in translating X10-specific functions to Java and provides our solutions. By using appropriate implementations, sequential execution performance has been improved by about 5 times making it comparable to native Java. The parallel execution performance has also been improved and the gap from Java Fork/Join performance is about 3 times when run at a single place. Initial evaluation of distributed execution shows good scalability. Most of the results in this paper have already been incorporated in X10 release 2.1.2.Many of the compilation techniques described in this paper can be useful for implementing other programming languages targeted for Java or other managed environments.
Gypsum crystals on roots of nursery-grown pine seedlings

Colorless, euhedral crystals were abundant on the roots of chlorotic pine seedlings from one nursery in Georgia and one in Alabama in 1998. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated these crystals were rich in calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S), and single crystal x-ray diffraction determined the crystals to be CaSO4·2H20 (gypsum). These crystals had formed on the roots where water moved from the soil into the seedlings to be transpired. No records were found of gypsum crystals on the roots of living plants. Drought conditions appear to be necessary for these crystals to form in humid regions and no economic impact beyond that of the drought was indicated.
Anticarcinogenesis by dietary phytochemicals: Cytoprotection by Nrf2 in normal cells and cytotoxicity by modulation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 in abnormal cancer cells

Abstract Cancer statistics from the American Cancer Society and other sources are a stark reminder of our failure to combat this deadly disease. Chemoprevention entails the use of specific naturally occurring dietary or synthetic agents to thwart cancer development and progression. Some of these agents are believed to do so by protecting the cells or tissues from the malicious attack of exogenous carcinogens and/or endogenous reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) by inducing several detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes that appear to form stable conjugates such as glutathione, glucuronides or sulfates thus rendering the carcinogenic species harmless. This process of inducing the cellular defense enzymes is believed to be mediated by the antioxidant response elements (ARE) within the promoter regions of these genes. Nrf2, a redox sensitive transcription factor has been documented to play a central role in ARE-driven gene expression. Nrf2, under normal unstimulated conditions, remains sequestered in the cytosol by Keap1. The putative chemopreventive agents disrupt the Nrf2-Keap1 association, thereby releasing Nrf2 which then translocates to the nucleus and drives the gene expression of detoxifying enzymes. The role of other transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 in carcinogenesis is well established. By modulating the activity of these transcription factors and their upstream signaling molecules, naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals appear to cause apoptosis in abnormal cells that over-express these factors, thereby inhibiting the promotion and progression. This review discusses the most current and up to date understanding of the possible signaling mechanisms by which these naturally dietary phytochemicals can differentially modulate signal transduction cascades such that they can bring about apoptosis/cell death in abnormal cancer cells but at the same time induce defensive enzymes to protect against carcinogenesis in normal cells.
Uncorrelated modes of the non-linear power spectrum

Non-linear evolution causes the galaxy power spectrum to become broadly correlated over different wavenumbers. It is shown that pre-whitening the power spectrum – transforming the power spectrum in such a way that the noise covariance becomes proportional to the unit matrix – greatly narrows the covariance of power. The eigenfunctions of the covariance of the pre-whitened non-linear power spectrum provide a set of almost uncorrelated non-linear modes somewhat analogous to the Fourier modes of the power spectrum itself in the linear, Gaussian regime. These almost uncorrelated modes make it possible to construct a near-minimum variance estimator and Fisher matrix of the pre-whitened non-linear power spectrum analogous to the Feldman–Kaiser–Peacock (FKP) estimator of the linear power spectrum. The paper concludes with summary recipes, in gourmet, fine and fastfood versions, of how to measure the pre-whitened non-linear power spectrum from a galaxy survey in the FKP approximation. An appendix presents FFTLog, a code for taking the fast Fourier or Hankel transform of a periodic sequence of logarithmically spaced points, which proves useful in some of the manipulations.