cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoassay for Avian C-type virus group-specific antigen: detection in normal and virus-transformed cells

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for detection of avian C-type virus (30,000 mol wt) group-specific (gs) antigen. The method is 10- to 1,000-fold more sensitive than immunological methods previously available. By the radioimmunoassay technique, normal chicken embryo cells, which have previously been classified as gs negative or weakly gs positive, contain clearly detectable amounts of gs antigen. The assay has been used to study the effect of chemical induction and superinfection by mammalian C-type viruses on the expression of avian gs antigen in mammalian cells nonproductively transformed by avian sarcoma viruses.
Half-unit dose accuracy with HumaPen Luxura HD: an insulin pen for patients who need precise dosing.

Background: The HumaPen ® Luxura™ HD insulin pen (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) was originally designed to deliver accurate doses in half-unit increments from 1 to 30 units. Laboratory testing examined the accuracy of the initial 0.5-unit dose within a 95/95% tolerance interval with respect to a specification of ±0.5 unit (±0.005 ml). Methods: After priming, operators recorded the first 0.5 unit. Data were analyzed using k-value targets. Results: While examining 577 half-unit doses per device lot, test temperature, operator, or test liquid, at least 95% of the doses were accurate with 95% confidence. All data points were within ±0.5 unit (±0.005 ml). Conclusions:
Ad libitum fluid intake and plasma responses after pickle juice, hypertonic saline, or deionized water ingestion.

Context: Adding sodium (Na+) to drinks improves rehydration and ad libitum fluid consumption. Clinicians (∼25%) use pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Scientists warn against PJ ingestion, fearin...
In vivo microvascular mosaics show air embolism reduction after perfluorocarbon emulsion treatment

Abstract Massive arteriolar gas embolism (AGE) has never been evaluated in vivo using intravital microscopy and previous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions were only effective in AGE when administered before AGE. We implemented a new system for quantitative studies of massive AGE using brightfield microscopy and tested a treatment with a third-generation PFC emulsion after massive AGE. We studied bubble dynamics in cremaster muscles from anesthetized rats after AGE was induced by direct air injection into the femoral artery ipsilateral to the studied muscle. Using a motorized microscope stage and a color camera, in vivo microvascular mosaics were produced on-line from over 2000 digital images to evaluate multiple networks in order to investigate the distribution, lodging, breaking, reduction and moving of 105 air bubbles in microvessels. Thirty minutes after PFC treatment, there was a reduction of 80% in bubble volume while untreated and saline-treated rats showed significantly smaller decreases of 33% and 40%, respectively (p in vivo data acquisition from large networks. Since large air bubbles broke-up, decreased in length and volume, and moved toward smaller microvessels, the study provides quantitative data to support a mechanism by which PFC may improve tissue blood flow following massive AGE. The findings suggest that this new generation of PFC emulsions administered after severe AGE may reach compromised microvascular networks and provide help to alleviate microvascular obstruction by increasing air bubble reabsorption.
Analytical expressions for phase noise eigenfunctions of LC oscillators

We obtain analytical expressions for eigenfunctions that characterize the phase noise performance of generic LC oscillator structures. Using these, we also obtain analytical expressions for the timing jitter and spectrum of such oscillators. Our approach is based on identifying three fundamental parameters, derived from the oscillator's steady state, that characterize these eigenfunctions. Our analysis accounts for the nonlinear mechanism that stabilizes oscillator amplitudes. It also lays out, quantitatively and in analytical form, how symmetry in an LC oscillator's negative resistance mechanism impacts the oscillator's eigenfunctions and its phase noise/jitter characteristics. We show that symmetry results in particularly simple forms for the PPV and resultant phase noise. We compare our expressions with existing LC oscillator design formulae and show that the expressions match for symmetric nonlinearities. We validate our analytical results against simulation on practical CMOS LC oscillator circuits. Our expressions and symmetry results are expected to be useful tools for optimizing phase noise performance during the design of LC oscillators.
Augmenting data center networks with multi-gigabit wireless links

The 60 GHz wireless technology that is now emerging has the potential to provide dense and extremely fast connectivity at low cost. In this paper, we explore its use to relieve hotspots in oversubscribed data center (DC) networks. By experimenting with prototype equipment, we show that the DC environment is well suited to a deployment of 60GHz links contrary to concerns about interference and link reliability. Using directional antennas, many wireless links can run concurrently at multi-Gbps rates on top-of-rack (ToR) switches. The wired DC network can be used to sidestep several common wireless problems. By analyzing production traces of DC traffic for four real applications, we show that adding a small amount of network capacity in the form of wireless flyways to the wired DC network can improve performance. However, to be of significant value, we find that one hop indirect routing is needed. Informed by our 60GHz experiments and DC traffic analysis, we present a design that uses DC traffic levels to select and adds flyways to the wired DC network. Trace-driven evaluations show that network-limited DC applications with predictable traffic workloads running on a 1:2 oversubscribed network can be sped up by 45% in 95% of the cases, with just one wireless device per ToR switch. With two devices, in 40% of the cases, the performance is identical to that of a non-oversubscribed network.
Clinical characteristics of coronary heart disease in women: emphasis on gender differences.

Time for primary review 57 days. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality for adult women in most industrialized nations [1,2]. Internationally there is substantial variation in the rates of age-standardized CHD incidence and mortality; countries with high rates of CHD among men also have high rates for women [3]. That environmental/lifestyle factors may exert major importance compared with gender is highlighted by the fact that women in countries with high prevalence of CHD have greater CHD rates than men in countries with low CHD prevalence. Changes in age-standardized CHD mortality rates for men and women between 1981 and 1983 and 1991–1993 show prominent declines in Western European countries, the United Kingdom and the US for both genders, in contrast to increases in mortality rates for both women and men in Eastern European countries, highlighting the potential impact of environmental/lifestyle changes [3]. Within this favorable trend, the percentage decline in mortality rates in the US, the UK and Sweden has been far greater for men than women [4,5]. Although rates of CHD mortality increase prominently with age both for women and men, there is a consistent substantially greater CHD mortality for men at all ages, with the difference most marked at younger ages. The greater age-dependency of CHD for women than men has been known since the early reports of the Framingham Heart Study; any initial manifestation of CHD was delayed about 10 years in women compared with their male counterparts, with initial myocardial infarction (MI) occurring as much as 20 years later [6,7]. Convincing explanations for the CHD gender–age disparities remain elusive. There is not an abrupt increase in CHD rates for women at the time of menopause. By contrast coronary risk factor prevalence in women both in the US and … * Tel.: +1-404-616-4420; fax: +1-404-616-3093
Mechanical accommodation of Mars Science Laboratory surface thermal requirements

The Chassis structure of the Mars Science Laboratory Rover is designed to be exposed to wide-ranging temperatures throughout all phases of the mission. The most extreme of these conditions occur once the rover has arrived on the Martian surface. The external, uncontrolled, structure is expected to experience a range of temperatures from minus-130°C to 40°C. Payload and housekeeping equipment are mounted on an internal, thermally-controlled panel. The temperature of the internal panel is controlled to range between minus-20°C and 50°C. This paper describes the novel method used for supporting the thermally controlled panel on the uncontrolled structure. The method described allows for large magnitude thermally induced relative motion between the panels while it simultaneously provides a controlled thermal resistivity between the two panels. The resulting design is also capable of withstanding the accelerations of atmospheric entry and provides sufficient stiffness to ensure its motion is significantly de-coupled from that of the launch vehicle.
Mental‐ and Physical‐Health Indicators and Sexually Explicit Media Use Behavior by Adults

Introduction. Converging evidence from culturally diverse contexts indicates that sexually explicit media use behav- ior (SEMB; i.e., pornography consumption) is associated with risky sexual health perceptions and behaviors, many that involve high risks of HIV/STD transmission. Aim. Essentially unexplored, and the focus here, are potential relationships between SEMB and nonsexual mental- and physical-health indicators. Main Outcome Measures. Variability in six continuously measured health indicators (depressive symptoms, mental- and physical-health diminished days, health status, quality of life, and body mass index) was examined across two levels (users, nonusers) of SEMB. Methods. A sample of 559 Seattle-Tacoma Internet-using adults was surveyed in 2006. Multivariate general linear models parameterized in a SEMB by respondent gender (2 ¥ 2) factorial design were computed incorporating adjustments for several demographics. Results. SEMB was reported by 36.7% (n = 205) of the sample. Most SEMB users (78%) were men. After adjusting for demographics, SEMB users, compared to nonusers, reported greater depressive symptoms, poorer quality of life, more mental- and physical-health diminished days, and lower health status. Conclusions. The findings show that mental- and physical-health indicators vary significantly across SEMB, sug- gesting the value of incorporating these factors in future research and programmatic endeavors. In particular, the findings suggest that evidence-based sexual health promotion strategies simultaneously addressing individuals' SEMB and their mental health needs might be a useful approach to improve mental health and address preventable sexual health outcomes associated with SEMB. Weaver JB, III, Weaver SS, Mays D, Hopkins GL, Kannenberg W, and McBride D. Mental- and physical-health indicators and sexually explicit media use behavior by adults. J Sex Med 2011;8:764-772.
Bias and Overconfidence in Parametric Models of Interactive Processes

We assess the ability of logit, probit and numerous other parametric models to test a hypothesis that two variables interact in influencing the probability that some event will occur [Pr(Y)] in what we believe is a very common situation: when one's theory is insufficiently strong to dictate a specific functional form for the data generating process. Using Monte Carlo analysis, we find that many models yield overconfident inferences by generating 95% confidence intervals for estimates of the strength of interaction that are far too narrow, but that some logit and probit models produce approximately accurate intervals. Yet all models we study generate point estimates for the strength of interaction with large enough average error to often distort substantive conclusions. We propose an approach to make the most effective use of logit and probit in the situation of specification uncertainty, but argue that nonparametric models may ultimately prove to be superior.
Partitioned recording of test and homework scores as a practical means of preserving useful data for assessment

Recording only the total scores for work by each student destroys potentially useful and detailed information about students' relative performance on different problem types and subjects. With contemporary software, it has become practical to record and collect scores on homework, tests and laboratory exercises to any level of desired detail and, from this recorded data, to compute, with only modest effort, measures of student performance for each topic listed on the course syllabus or according to measurable outcomes for educational objectives of the course. Because a teacher constructs the assessment workbooks in real time during the course, the workbook provides real-time feedback about student performance that the teacher can use to adapt the program of study during the term. This paper describes assessment spreadsheet workbooks developed for three different electrical and computer engineering courses at Mississippi State University.
A test selection language for CO-OPN specifications

In this paper we propose a test language that allows expressing test intentions for CO-OPN (concurrent object-oriented Petri nets) specifications - a formal specification language designed to handle large complex concurrent systems. Our test language is based on temporal logic formulas for expressing graphs of input/output pairs - the inputs correspond to operations performed on the system and the outputs to the observable results of those operations. We encapsulate the temporal logic using a language of constraints, which purpose is to shape the tests that are to be produced. In this paper we discuss the syntax and provide the semantics of this test language. One of our main worries while designing the test language were to keep it modular in order to promote reusability. Another worry was to be able to cope with non-determinism coming from the system under test. We illustrate managing non-determinism as well as other features of our language by showing how we can generate tests for the login part of an e-banking system. A framework for editing CO-OPN specifications exists and one of its features is the possibility of automatically generating high level Java prototypes that can be completed/extended by human developers. We discuss the applicability and the usefulness of our test language while verifying systems built using this methodology.
Type 2 diabetes and the risk of renal cell cancer in women.

### OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risks of several types of cancer; however, its relationship to renal cell cancer remains unclear. ### RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 118,177 women aged 30 to 55 years at baseline (1976) were followed up through 2008 in the Nurses’ Health Study. Self-reports of physician-diagnosed diabetes were collected at baseline and updated biennially. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, smoking, and parity. ### RESULTS RESULTS During 32 years of follow-up (3,531,170 person-years), 16,819 cases of type 2 diabetes and 330 cases of pathology-confirmed incident renal cell cancer were documented. After multivariate adjustment, type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer (HR 1.60 [95% CI 1.19–2.17]). These associations were consistent across different strata of BMI, smoking, and hypertension ( P interaction ≥ 0.32). The risk of renal cell cancer increased with an increasing number of comorbidities, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes ( P trend < 0.001). When compared with women without any comorbidity, women who had all three conditions had a HR of 4.13 (2.76–6.18) for renal cell cancer. ### CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes is independently associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer in women. In addition, comorbidity of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes substantially elevates the risk of renal cell cancer.
BREATHE OUT: a randomized controlled trial of a structured intervention to improve clinician satisfaction with "difficult" visits.

Purpose: Difficult patients comprise at least 15% of ambulatory visits and are associated with clinician burnout. No structured procedure has been reported to assist health care practitioners with these challenging relationships. This randomized trial evaluated whether a pre- and postvisit patient-centered and clinician-reflective technique called BREATHE OUT improved clinician satisfaction during visits with patients perceived by the clinician as difficult. Methods: Six family medicine residency clinics paired as urban, suburban, and rural sites were randomized by clinic to the BREATHE OUT intervention or usual care of difficult patients. A total of 57 physician faculty, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and residents participated. The validated Physician Satisfaction Scale (PSS) was administered and analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling to assess differences between the intervention and control groups. Results: The BREATHE OUT intervention improved the PSS score (P .02) in the intervention group compared with the usual care group. Female practitioners reported worse PSS scores compared with their male counterparts despite whether they used BREATHE OUT (P .009). Conclusions: Application of the BREATHE OUT questionnaire before and after visits improved clinician satisfaction with difficult patient encounters. (J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:13‐20.)
The Structure of Temperament and Personality Traits: A Developmental Perspective

In this chapter, we articulate a developmental perspective on personality traits from early childhood through adulthood. In the first section, we address two topics that are fundamental in defining the most important traits at each point in the life span: the relationship between temperament and personality and the methods used to ascertain the structure of traits in the temperament and personality research traditions. We argue in this section that temperament and personality are different ways of describing the same basic traits, with temperament research primarily focused on early-emerging individual differences and personality research focused on individual differences that appear later in childhood and continue into adulthood. In the second section, we describe the current status of the most prominent models of temperament, as well as the most widely-accepted personality trait model, the Big Five. In the third section, we articulate a structural model that integrates contemporary findings on temperament and personality traits from early childhood through adulthood. We use the Big Five trait structure, along with the trait of activity level, to organize this taxonomy. In the fourth section, we discuss the current research on the psychological and biological processes that underlie individual differences in the Big Five traits in childhood and adulthood. In the final sections, we offer concluding thoughts on the nature of personality trait development and suggestions for future research. This is an exciting time in the study of personality in part because of the marked progress in uncovering the basic structure of traits across the lifespan.
Thermoelectric properties of superlattice materials with variably spaced layers

Variably spaced semiconductor superlattices (VSSLs) exhibited superior electron mobility and rectification because of electronic level alignment. We investigated the thermoelectric properties of VSSL structures using a self-consistent nonequilibrium Green’s function quantum model to capture the ballistic electron transport and anatomistic nonequilibrium Green’s function model to capture the phonon transport. A figure of merit was calculated as a function of temperature for two VSSL strain silicon–germanium materials and a non-VSSL material. Calculation of the figure of merit (ZT) versus temperature for a VSSL demonstrated a 17 times increase in power factor at the expense of a 4 times increase in thermal conductivity at room temperature compared to a comparable uniform superlattice. Calculation determined a ZT of 0.20 for a VSSL compared to a ZT of 0.04 for non-VSSL material at 400 K. VSSLs proved to be a candidate material to further increased ZT near room temperature for superlattice materials.
A framework for efficient inconsistency detection in a grid and Internet-scale distributed environment

In this paper, we argue that a broad range of Internet-scale distributed applications can benefit from an underlying low-cost consistency detection framework - an alternative to inconsistency avoidance that can detect inconsistency among nodes sharing data or services in a timely manner. After introducing a framework of inconsistency detection, this paper presents the design and evaluation of a two-layer inconsistency detection module. The proposed two-layer inconsistency detection module is evaluated by both analysis and simulations. The results show that this framework can significantly reduce the time to detect inconsistency among nodes without adding much maintenance cost.
Enhancing the resilience of African American families

Abstract This article attempts to demonstrate how a resiliency perspective can assist helping professionals in working more effectively with low-income families of color. It also seeks to assist social workers and policymakers in developing program interventions and public policies that enhance resilience by building on the strengths and assets of families of color.
The cosmological matter density

Abstract The status of observational cosmology is a subject that David Schramm followed intently. As spokesman for the entire field of particle astrophysics, David was interested in the full picture. He was always conversant with the latest developments in observations of the light elements, as they directly impacted his work on primordial nucleosynthesis and the resulting predicted abundances of deuterium, helium, and lithium. He was especially keen on knowing the status of the latest measurements of the cosmic density parameter, Ω m , as a sufficiently high value, higher than that predicted for primordial nucleosynthesis, motivates the case for a non-baryonic component of dark matter. He had a deep interest in the phenomenology of large-scale structure, as this provides a powerful clue to the nature of the dark matter and the initial fluctuations generated in the early Universe. This review briefly summarizes current techniques for estimation of the density of the Universe. These estimates on a variety of physical scales yield generally consistent results, suggesting that the dark matter, apart from a possible smooth component, is well mixed with the galaxy distribution on large scales. A near consensus has emerged that the matter density of the Universe, Ω m , is a factor of 3–4 less than required for closure. Measures of the amplitude and growth rate of structure in the local Universe are dependent on a degenerate combination of Ω m and the bias b in the observed galaxy distribution. The unknown bias in the galaxy distribution has been a persistent problem, but methods for breaking the degeneracy exist and are likely to be widely applied in the next several years.
PROP: a scalable and reliable P2P assisted proxy streaming system

The demand of delivering streaming media content in the Internet has become increasingly high for scientific, educational, and commercial applications. Three representative technologies have been developed for this purpose, each of which has its merits and serious limitations. Infrastructure-based CDNs with dedicated network bandwidths and powerful media replicas can provide high quality streaming services but at a high cost. Server-based proxies are cost-effective but not scalable due to the limited proxy capacity and its centralized control. Client-based P2P networks are scalable but do not guarantee high quality streaming service due to the transient nature of peers. To address these limitations, we present a novel and efficient design of a scalable and reliable media proxy system supported by P2P networks. This system is called PROP abbreviated from our technical theme of "collaborating and coordinating PROxy and its P2P clients". Our objective is to address both scalability and reliability issues of streaming media delivery in a cost-effective way. In the PROP system, the clients' machines in an intranet are self-organized into a structured P2P system to provide a large media storage and to actively participate in the streaming media delivery, where the proxy is also embedded as an important member to ensure quality of streaming service. The coordination and collaboration in the system are efficiently conducted by our P2P management structure and replacement policies. We have comparatively evaluated our system by trace-driven simulations with synthetic workloads and with a real-life workload trace extracted from the media server logs in an enterprise network. The results show that our design significantly improves the quality of media streaming and the system scalability.
Validation of machine CAN bus J1939 fuel rate accuracy using Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory fuel rate data

All error between the SAE J1939 and NTTL fuel rates less than ?5%.Higher fuel flow rates resulted in a lower error of ?1%.Lower fuel flow rates resulted in higher error (up to 5%).Lower fuel flow rates generated higher standard deviations in error. A pilot study concluded that there was a difference (up to a 6.22% error) between data collected using the machine controller area network (CAN) bus Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1939 standard fuel rate and data collected from a physical measurement system utilized by the Nebraska Tractor Test Laboratory (NTTL). This indicated a need to perform further studies on the accuracy of the CAN fuel rate message.The SAE J1939 standard fuel rate message utilized by the machine CAN bus has a theoretical value, however little work has been done to verify the accuracy of this value. Reported fuel flow rate values are rarely measured directly on field equipment using a flow meter, instead these values are estimated from other operating parameters (e.g., engine speed, number of cylinders, injector timing and pulsation, etc.). The goal of this study was to compare fuel rate values collected from the CAN bus to the physically measured fuel rate value from tractor performance tests conducted at the NTTL. The fuel rate values were collected simultaneously and then synchronized to confirm accuracy of results. The parameters for comparison in this study were comprised of the performance test points as described in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Code 2, Section 4.1.1. The NTTL has a certified fuel rate measuring system with an accuracy of ?0.5%.Results from this study indicated fuel rate as recorded from the CAN bus resulted in a ?5% error of actual physically measured fuel rates. Errors for higher fuel rates within the torque curve were closer to ?1%. This produced knowledge of machine fuel rate accuracy for in-field efficiency and/or spatial fuel usage for additional analysis, whether used for research or grower cost analysis with an accurate knowledge of actual fuel consumed during operation.
Determination of regions important for monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B substrate and inhibitor selectivities.

MAO-A and -B are defined by their substrate and inhibitor preferences. To determine which regions of the isoenzymes confer these preferences, we have constructed six chimeric MAO enzymes by reciprocally exchanging corresponding N-terminal, C-terminal, and internal segments of MAO-A and -B then determined the catalytic properties of these chimeric enzymes. N-terminal chimerics A45B and B36A were made by exchanging amino acid segments 1–45 and 1–36 of MAO-A and -B respectively. Cterminal chimerics A402B and B393A were made by exchanging amino acid segments 403-527 and 394-520 of MAO-A and -B respectively, and internal chimerics AB161_375A and BA152–366B were made by exchanging amino acid segments 161–375 and 152–366 of MAO-A and -B respectively. The enzymatic properties observed for the chimerics suggest that the exchanged internal regions but not the N- or C-terminal regions confer substrate and inhibitor preferences.
Un service Web pour l’annotation sémantique de données biomédicales avec des ontologies

The range of publicly available biomedical data is enormous and is expanding fast. This expansion means that researchers now face a hurdle to extracting the data they need from the large numbers of data that are available. Biomedical researchers have turned to ontologies and terminologies to structure and annotate their data with ontology concepts for better search and retrieval. However. this annotation process cannot be easily automated and often requires expert curators. Plus. there is a lack of easy-to-use systems that facilitate the lise of ontologies for annotation. This paper presents the Open Biomedical Annotator (OBA), an ontology-based Web service that annotates public datasets with biomedical ontology concepts based on their textual metadata. The biomedical community can use the annotator service to tag datasets automatically with ontology and terminology terms (from UMLS and NCBO). We have used the annotator service internally to index several online datasets (e.g., ArrayExpress. PubMed. ClinicaITrial.gov). The index is directly queriable in the NCBO BioPortal ontology repository (www.bioontology.org). Such semantic annotations facilitate translational discoveries by integrating annotated data.
Functionally Engineered Carbon Nanotubes-Peptide Nucleic Acid Nanocomponents

Conjugation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with biomolecules having molecular recognition results in highly functionalized CNTs, which serve as the templates for self-assembly of novel nanomaterials. Here, we report the synthesis of novel nanocomponents by conjugating single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with peptide nucleic acid (PNA), an artificial DNA analogue by using carbodiimide coupling. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used as a primary tool for their characterization. SEM micrographs confirm the formation of desired structures. We also modeled and simulated the SWNT-PNA interface using the PM3 semi-empirical package in Gaussian03 RevB.03 program suite for electron transfer and found that there exists an extended set of orbitals.
Herpes Simplex Virus Linked to Alzheimer?s Disease

Copyright: © 2013 Cheng SB. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neurotropic double-stranded DNA virus which includes the HSV-1 and HSV-2 subtypes. HSV is composed of an inner DNA core, a capsid (e.g. VP22), the tegument, and an outer envelope, which is a lipid membrane containing glycoproteins. HSV1 infects 60-80% of people worldwide and causes infectious corneal blindness, the common cold sore and potentially fatal encephalitis [1,2]. HSV is one of the leading infectious viral pathogens found in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant recipients [3]. HSV induces tissue damage including cell infiltration, perivascular inflammation and syncytial formation [3]. HSV initially infects the epithelial cells and then enters the sensory nerve terminals. During its life cycle in the sensory nervous system, HSV travels by retrograde transport to the neuronal cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglia, and then either enters latency or replicates. Replicated or reactivated HSV travels by anterograde transport out of the cell body to the central nervous system in addition to the peripheral mucosal membrane.
Undermatched? School-Based Linguistic Status, College Going, and the Immigrant Advantage

Considerable research investigates the immigrant advantage—the academic benefit first- and second-generation students experience relative to native-born peers. However, little work examines how school-based linguistic status may influence this advantage. Contradictory patterns exist: Research identifies both an immigrant advantage and a language minority disadvantage in college going. Although not all immigrant youth are language minorities, many do speak other languages. U.S. educators group immigrant students into three discrete linguistic categories: native English speakers, language minorities not in English as a second language (ESL), and English learner (EL) students. We employ multivariate methods to investigate immigrant college going by linguistic status using the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002. Results suggest an immigrant advantage only among immigrant groups not in ESL and evidence of undermatching—wherein students choose postsecondary options for which they are over-prepared—among hig...
The Purdue Motor Fitness Test Batteries for Senior High School Girls

Abstract The purpose of the study was to develop short (minimum item) motor fitness test batteries for high school girls which could be economically administered in terms of equipment and class time. The components which might contribute to motor fitness were listed and appropriate items pertaining to the components were selected for their content validity and suitability. Utilizing appropriate statistical techniques, the modified pull-up, 600-yd. run, and standing broad jump were selected as the items for the batteries. The Purdue Motor Fitness Test Battery No. 1 was recommended over the other three batteries since this battery had a validity coefficient of at least .755 and an estimated reliability coefficient of .848.
Quality Assurance in Anatomic Pathology

Quality assurance includes the evaluation of both processes (quality control) and outcomes. In anatomic pathology, processes are those activities involved in the receipt, description, and processing of specimens. Outcomes include pathological diagnoses and the reports that describe them. Quality assurance programs, individualized to each laboratory setting, include methods for monitoring and evaluating processes chiefly in relation to established policies andprocedures of the laboratory for the performance of process tasks. They must also include measures of diagnostic accuracy, including the detection and reduction of false-negative and false-positive errors in diagnosis. Methods used for surgical pathology and cytopathology are essentially similar, while those in necropsy pathology and immunopathology require some different approaches. Data developed in a quality assurance program must be used to indicate problem detection and resolution for the improvement of patient care.
Fibrinogenolytic Demonstration of Activation and Inhibition of Tryptase in Plasma Protein Fraction-I (“Antihemophilic Globulin”).∗

SummaryThe present study is based upon the use of a fibrinogenolytic (rather than fibrinolytic) technic for demonstration of a natural plasma protease (tryptase) and its precursor (tryptogen) in the fibrinogen-rich plasma fractions. The value of streptokinase (miscalled “streptococcal fibrinolysin”) for activation of the enzyme precursor is confirmed and tests are presented to show that failure to secure proteolytic effects e.g. in bovine plasma Fraction I, is due to lack of tryptogen (tryptase precursor) rather than to any significant presence of tryptase-in-hibitor.Heparin, unaided, shows no enzyme-inhibitory effects in the cited tests. Antitryptase effects of (a) crystalline inhibitors, from pancreas and soybean, and (b) crude and fractionated egg-albumen, favor the characterization of the plasma protease as a “tryptase.”Confirmation of the existence of tryptogen, together with a trace of active tryptase, in H.F. (“antihemophilic globulin”) is further, but still inconclusive, evidence that the source o...
Annual incidence rates of hip symptoms and three hip OA outcomes from a U.S. population-based cohort study: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project

Summary Objective Estimate annual incidence rates (IRs) of hip symptoms and three osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes (radiographic, symptomatic, and severe radiographic) overall and by race, sociodemographic characteristics, and hip OA risk factors. Design Analyze baseline (1991–1997) and first follow-up (1999–2003) data ( n = 1446) from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population-based, prospective study of adults ≥45 years in North Carolina. Hip symptoms were pain, aching, and/or stiffness on most days, or groin pain. Radiographic and severe radiographic OA were Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grades ≥2 and ≥3, respectively. Symptomatic OA was radiographic OA with symptoms in the same hip. Sociodemographics were age, gender, race, highest attained education, and annual household income. Hip OA risk factors were self-reported body mass index (BMI) at age 18 years, clinically measured BMI at baseline, and history of hip injury. Results Annual IRs (median = 5.5 years follow-up) were 37, 23, 13, and 2.9 per 1000 person-years for hip symptoms, and radiographic, symptomatic, and severe radiographic hip OA, respectively. We found low IRs of radiographic and symptomatic hip OA among African Americans and high IRs of hip symptoms among the obese and the very poor. Across outcomes, IRs were highest for those with hip injury. Conclusion No prior studies have reported IRs of hip symptoms; IRs of radiographic and severe radiographic hip OA were similar to, and the IR of symptomatic hip OA was higher than, previous estimates. Prevention efforts should target low socioeconomic status (SES) populations and obese adults; interventions for hip OA and hip symptoms are imperative for those with hip injuries.
Changes in Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Based on Time From Injury:

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are a common injury. The healing potential of the injured ACL is poorly understood and is considered limited. Therefore, most ACL tears that are treated surgically undergo reconstruction rather than repair. However, there has been renewed interest recently in repairing ACL tears despite unanswered questions regarding the healing capacity of the ACL.Hypothesis:Gene expression in the injured ACL varies with time from injury.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Transcriptome-wide expression profiles of 24 human ACL remnants recovered at the time of surgical reconstruction were analyzed using the Agilent human 8x60K microarray platform. Gene ontology was performed on differentially expressed transcripts based on time from injury (acute, 12 months). A subset of transcripts with large fold changes in expression between any 2 categories was validated via microfluidic digital polymerase chain reaction.Re...
A community support program for dementia delayed but did not reduce institutionalization over 2 years.

Source Citation Eloniemi-Sulkava U, Notkola IL, Hentinen M, et al. Effects of supporting community-living demented patients and their caregivers: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Oct;49:1...
Role of DNA Repair in Aging

Aging--which appears to be the most pervasive degenerative process occurring in the higher animals--is of such general occurrence and characterized by such a diversity of clinically and biochemically defined changes that a specific definition, other than a general loss of the capacity of an organism or cell to function at a level previously characterized as normal, is the only definition presently agreed upon by all gerontobiologists. Due to the generalized nature of the aging process, it is reasonable to assume that if any single molecular target for the aging phenomenon does exist, it must be related not only to age-related diseases, but also play a central role in several cellular processes.
TU‐D‐202‐03: Gating Is the Best ITV Killer

Respiratory motion has long been recognized as an important factor affecting the precision of radiotherapy. After the introduction of the 4D CT to visualize the respiratory motion in 3D, the internal target volume (ITV) has been widely adopted as simple method to take the motion into account in treatment planning and delivery. The ITV is generated as the union of the CTVs as the patient goes through the respiratory cycle. Many issues have been identified with the ITV. In this session three alternatives for the ITV will be discussed: 1) An alternative motion-inclusive approach with better imaging and smaller margins, called mid-position CT. 2) The tracking approach and 3) The gating approach. The following topics will be addressed by Marcel van Herk (“Is ITV the correct motion encompassing strategy”): Magnitude of respiratory motion, effect of motion on radiotherapy, motion encompassing strategies, and software solutions to assist in motion encompassing strategies. Then Paul Keall (“Make margins simple: Use real-time target tracking”) will discuss tracking with: clinical drivers for tracking, current clinical status of tumor tracking, future tumor tracking technology, and margin margin challenges with and without tracking. Finally Daniel Low will discuss gating (“Gating is the best ITV killer”): why ITV in the first place, requirements for planning, requirements at the machine, benefits and costs. The session will end with a discussion and live demo of motion simulation software to illustrate the issues and explain the relative benefit and appropriate uses for the three methods. Learning Objectives: 1.Explain the 4D imaging and treatment planning process. 2.Summarize the various approaches to deal with respiratory motion during radiotherapy 3.Discuss the tradeoffs involved when choosing one of the three discussed approaches. 4.Explain in which situation each method is the best choice Research is partly funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation; M. van Herk, Part of the research was funded by Elekta Oncology Systems and the Dutch Cancer Foundation
Multiscale active contour methods in computer vision with applications in tomography

Most applications in computer vision suffer from two major difficulties. The first is they are notoriously ridden with sub-optimal local minima. The second is that they typically require high computational cost to be solved robustly. The reason for these two drawbacks is that most problems in computer vision, even when well-defined, typically require finding a solution in a very large high-dimensional space. It is for these two reasons that multiscale methods are particularly well-suited to problems in computer vision. Multiscale methods, by way of looking at the coarse scale nature of a problem before considering the fine scale nature, often have the ability to avoid sub-optimal local minima and obtain a more globally optimal solution. In addition, multiscale methods typically enjoy reduced computational cost. This thesis applies novel multiscale active contour methods to several problems in computer vision, especially in simultaneous segmentation and reconstruction of tomography images. In addition, novel multiscale methods are applied to contour registration using minimal surfaces and to the computation of non-linear rotationally invariant optical flow. Finally, a methodology for fast robust image segmentation is presented that relies on a lower dimensional image basis derived from an image scale space. The specific advantages of using multiscale methods in each of these problems is highlighted in the various simulations throughout the thesis, particularly their ability to avoid sub-optimal local minima and their ability to solve the problems at a lower overall computational cost.
Building a Virtual Archives and Preservation Curriculum Laboratory at Simmons College: A Case Study in Collaborative Construction

This article describes the role and effectiveness of collaborative environments in developing and incorporating realistic practice with digital materials into the curriculum in LIS schools. It addresses the broad question of how best to present the difficulties posed by digitized and born-digital content in the classroom. More particularly, it addresses this question in the context of converging disciplines: the practices of archives, museums, electronic records management and preservation. Since professionals in these disciplines confront digital materials and issues in their workplaces, they need to become familiar with digital environments as students in the classroom. The article describes the progress to date on implementation of the Digital Curriculum Laboratory at the Simmons Graduate School of Library and Information Science, paying particular attention to the efforts made to ensure that collaboration with partners in the United States and internationally is effective.
Ein stressfreies und effizientes Bordnetz

Ruckgewinnung und Speicherung von Energie und der Einsatz von immer mehr elektrisch betriebenen Funktionen verlangen einen in- telligenten Systemansatz bei Trennung von Leistung und Energie durch den Einsatz der richtigen Speicherkomponenten. In diesem Artikel von Maxwell Technologies werden die Grunde fur die wach- sende Akzeptanz von Ultrakondensatoren diskutiert und deren Vor- teile fur dezentrale Energieversorgungsarchitekturen und Bordnetzstabilisierung zur Uberwindung der Probleme mit Logikfehlfunktionen dargestellt.
A Study to Evaluate The Role of Mammography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Breast Lesions

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology and mammography in evaluation of breast lesions and correlation between them. To describe agedistribution and spectrum of various breast lesions in the study subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Present study comprises of 184 patients with breast lesions who presented to the surgical and radiology department of MGM hospital over a period of 3 years between August 2012 and 31 July 2015.All patients presented with breast lump underwent sequential mammography and FNAC. In all cases FNAC was performed after mammography. RESULTS Among the 184 cases of breast lesions, 90 cases were of BI-RADS category 2, 24 cases of category 3, 12 cases of category 4 and 48 cases of category 5. 10 cases were found to have normal study i.e. they belonged to category1.Out of the 184 cases of breast lesions with mammographic abnormality, 114 cases were benign and 60 cases showed malignant findings. For this, BI-RADS categories 2 and 3 were considered benign while categories 4 and 5 were considered malignant. Out of the 184 cases which were opined on FNAC, 120 cases were benign and 64 cases were malignant.Mammographically, 10 cases were of normal study while 114 had benign features and 60 cases showed features ofmalignancy.These 10 cases of mammographically normal study turn out to be 6 malignancies and 4 benign cases on FNAC CONCLUSION From the above study it can be concluded that – Incidence of breast lesions was maximum in the age group of 21-30 years and a female preponderance wasobserved.The occurrence of lesions was more in the right breast . On FNAC, benign lesions were more common than malignant ones. The most common breast lesion was fibroadenoma. Among the malignancies, infiltrating ductal carcinoma – not otherwise specified constituted 95.31% ofcases. Out of 10 cases, which were normal on mammography, 6 cases turned out to be benign and 4 cases were malignant by FNAC. Which indicates mammographic false negative cases and the diagnostic superiority of FNAC over mammgraphy. Hence diagnostic accuracy improved when combinations of diagnostic tools were employed. If malignancy is suspected, it should be evaluated for further investigations. Multidisciplinary approach reduces the errors in diagnosis.