cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin-responsive inherited metabolic disorders.

We now recognize 25 different metabolic disorders which meet the three essential criteria for inclusion in this review: a genetic etiology, a characteristic clinical or biochemical aberration, and an unequivocal biochemical and/or clinical response to a supraphysiological amount or an extraphysiological route of administration of a single vitamin. Most of these vitamin-responsive or, as they have often been called, “vitamin-dependent” conditions have been described in the past decade. Yet their discovery can be traced to the logical interaction of two older scientific disciplines which date back to the early years of this century. One, human biochemical genetics, stems from Archibald Garrod’s descriptions of four “inborn errors of metabolism.”39 The other, concerned with the structure and function of vitamins, was founded by Frederick G. Hopkins105 during his investigations of “accessory food substances.”
Cardiovascular pre-participation screening in the young athlete: addressing concerns

The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes has been estimated as low as 1:917,000 in high school athletes in the USA [1]. However, the rate of SCD is significantly higher in cert...
Preliminary Results of He Implantation in Tungsten at Angled Incidence in DAISIE

A new experimental facility at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Dual-Advanced Ion Simultaneous Implantation Experiment (DAISIE), has been designed and constructed to examine tungsten surfac...
Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-contaminated head and neck cases with microvascular free flap reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Optimal antibiotic prophylaxis duration in head and neck clean-contaminated free-flap cases is unknown. Methods A systematic review/meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web-of-Science, and Scopus databases. Results Of the 3755 searched articles, 5 articles were included for a total of 861 patients. The recipient surgical site infection risk was significantly higher in patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics for ≤24 hours compared to >24 hours (relative risk [RR] 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.14). In the post hoc multivariate analysis based on available individual-level data on 697 patients from 3 studies, the risk of surgical site infection for ≤24 hours versus >24 hours was not significant after adjusting for antibiotic type (RR 1.09; 95% CI 0.78-1.55). When compared to ampicillin-sulbactam, patients who received clindamycin prophylaxis had an increased likelihood of recipient surgical site infection (RR 2.85; 95% CI 1.95-4.17). Conclusion Less than or equal to 24 hours of antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck clean-contaminated free-flap is likely sufficient but a strong conclusion remains elusive. Clindamycin prophylaxis increases the risk of recipient surgical site infection. Further prospective trials are necessary to clarify.
Growth Conditions for Primate vs Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

Cultured embryonic stem (ES) cells are continuous cell lines derived from 3- to 5-day-old embryonic blastocysts. Essentially an artifact of tissue culture, they can, under certain physiological conditions, sustain an undifferentiated state with the capacity to divide and renew themselves indefinitely while having the ability to differentiate into all cell types when so instructed by specific extracellular signals. An understanding of these fundamental properties and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms involved is important for implementation of potential stem cell-based therapies for human disease.
Nonlinearity and Selforganization in Plasticity

ABSTRACT Even though there is strong evidence of multiplicity and selforganization in plasticity, there has not been a systematic effort to utilize recent methods of nonlinear physics for understanding bifurcation and pattering of deformation phenomena. A first step in this direction is outlined here.
A community-based evaluation of proximity to unconventional oil and gas wells, drinking water contaminants, and health symptoms in Ohio.

Abstract Over 4 million Americans live within 1.6 km of an unconventional oil and gas (UOG such studies could include a greater number of sampling sites, more detailed chemical analyses to examine source attribution, and objective health assessments.
Febrile Neutropnia Trends and Resource Utilization among Pediatric Hospitalizations in United States from 2009-2014

Introduction: Febrile Neutropenia (FN) is a potentially life threatening complication in pediatric cancer patients. There is paucity of data on the trends of FN hospitalization, length of stay (LOS) and cost of hospitalization among pediatric cancer patients in the United States. We used National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from year 2009 to 2014 to analyse these trends. Methods: We queried NIS database from 2009-2014 and included hospitalization for patients ≤ 19 years of age. To prevent overestimation, we excluded transfers. Cases with Febrile Neutropenia (FN) were identified using …
Patterns in allophone distribution for voiced and voiceless stops

Abstract: Do languages prefer certain types of stop consonants in certain environments? A survey of 5 I languages reveals two general trends. First, many languages limit the occurrence of final stops; final devoicing is one instance of this phenomenon. Second, other variation is largely limited to languages whose contrasts in initial position involve short lag vs. long lag VOT; that is, aspiration contrasts. Among these languages, many sorts of variation are found, which therefore must be described by language-specific rules.
Dynamic Power Network State Estimation with Asynchronous Measurements

The operation of distribution networks is becoming increasingly volatile, due to fast variations of renewables and, hence, net-loading conditions. To perform a reliable state estimation under these conditions, this paper considers the case where measurements from meters, phasor measurement units, and distributed energy resources are collected and processed in real time to produce estimates of the state at a fast time scale. Streams of measurements collected in real time and at heterogenous rates render the underlying processing asynchronous, and poses severe strains on workhorse state estimation algorithms. In this work, a real-time state estimation algorithm is proposed, where data are processed on the fly. Starting from a regularized least-squares model, and leveraging appropriate linear models, the proposed scheme boils down to a linear dynamical system where the state is updated based on the previous estimate and on the measurement gathered from a few available sensors. The estimation error is shown to be always bounded under mild condition. Numerical simulations are provided to corroborate the analytical findings.
CRT-100.06 Ticagrelor After Pharmacological Thrombolysis in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarctions: An Insight From a Trial Sequential Analysis

Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared ticagrelor to clopidogrel after thrombolytic therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). To assess the quality of the current evidence, a trial sequential analysis (TSA) of all the available RCTs was performed. A
Primary robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection following orchiectomy for testicular germ cell tumors: a single-surgeon experience

The objectives were to evaluate the safety and oncologic efficacy of primary robotic retroperitoneal lymph node (R-RPLND) dissection for testicular germ cell tumors. A retrospective analysis was performed on all primary R-RPLND cases performed by a single surgeon, who performs both open and R-RPLND at a high-volume academic institution, between August 2013 and August 2019. Data on patient demographics, operative techniques, perioperative outcomes, and tumor characteristics were obtained. 28 men were identified who underwent primary R-RPLND. The majority of patients (N = 21, 75%) had clinical stage I disease, and a bilateral template was more commonly performed than either single side alone (N = 13, 46%). Of note, two cases involving clinical stage II disease were converted electively from robotic to open procedures at the discretion of the surgeon. R-RPLND patients experienced no intraoperative complications. The median follow-up time was 8 months (interquartile range 4–29 months). One (4%) patient developed a disease recurrence at 10 months after R-RPLND. Conclusion: primary R-RPLND is a safe and efficacious procedure for carefully selected men with stage I and II non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Long-term data are needed to evaluate the comparative oncologic efficacy with open surgery and the notably high rate of chylous ascites.
Temporal environmental hysteresis: A definition and implications for polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Abstract We define here “temporal environmental hysteresis” as the time lag between when a pollutant's input to the environment stops and when its concentration in the environment drops to some desired fraction of its maximum concentration. The goal of this paper is to investigate temporal environmental hysteresis for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which were widely used as flame retardants in consumer goods. These compounds were taken off the North American market in two steps: At the end of 2004, the so-called Penta-BDE and Octa-BDE products were withdrawn, and at the end of 2013, the Deca-BDE product was also discontinued. We focus here on PBDE concentrations in about 700 atmospheric samples collected every 12 days from 2005 to 2018 (inclusive) at two urban sites: Chicago, Illinois, and Cleveland, Ohio. In Chicago, the concentrations of BDE-47 and 99 decreased by a factor of two every 5.9 ± 0.9 and 8.0 ± 1.4 years, respectively, but the concentrations of BDE-209 doubled every 7.6 ± 1.8 years. In Cleveland, the concentrations of BDE-47 and 99 decreased by a factor of two every 5.1 ± 0.4 and 5.7 ± 0.5 years, respectively, and the concentrations of BDE-209 decreased by a factor of two every 9.2 ± 1.6 years. The delay in all these environmental responses relative to when these compounds were removed from the market is a result of decadal scale environmental hysteresis.
Catastrophe and Conversion: Culture, Conflict, and Violence in the Hermeneutics of René Girard

This chapter discusses the work of French theorist of violence Rene Girard (1923–2015) with a focus on the themes of crisis, catastrophe, and conversion. Girard’s influence is wide-reaching, extending from his foundational works of literary analysis to the study of myths and religious texts from the Judeo-Christian tradition. The chapter describes how desire and mimetic rivalry are woven into the production of cultural meaning, with a focus on the dynamics of contagion and the relevance of sacrificial crisis. The second section examines Girard’s exploration of Carl von Clausewitz’s famous thesis On War, as it exposes the cultural and religious resonance of apocalypse for modern history and political order. The chapter ends with reflections on Girard’s faith-based proposal for a Christian response to violence. Despite the deep pessimism of Girard’s overall critique, the chapter argues that his philosophical anthropology and account of the human-violence nexus contain significant insights for modern cultural hermeneutics. Its bold understanding enables a constructive critique of modern narratives about human violence, war, and peace, in which conversion and restoration may counteract the forces of contagion and escalation.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical Waste Management among Healthcare Staff in Dental Clinics of Sana’a City, Yemen

Background: Sufficient knowledge, attitudes and practices toward medical waste management lead to minimizing risks of diseases transmitted from the wastes of hospitals and dental clinics to the community. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical waste management among healthcare staff in dental clinics of Sana’a city, Yemen. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 194 healthcare staff of dental clinics in Sana’a city, Yemen, in the duration of May to July 2018. The random sample method was used to select dental clinics and health care personnel in the selected clinics. IBM SPSS program version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and practices of participants were (77.3%, 78.9% and 52%) respectively. Only 29.9% of them knew of the medical waste management legislation while 97.9% were knowledgeable about the role of medical waste in disease transmission. The majority of participants (96.4%) believed that safe management of health care waste is an issue at all while, only 24.2% were using the color-coding system for disposing of medical waste. Conclusions: The authors concluded that the levels of adequate knowledge and positive attitudes of healthcare staff of dental clinics in Sana’a city were good while the level of practice was low.
Microbiome changes in aging

Abstract Human healthspan and lifespan are determined by complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors; however, scientists have uncovered another potential important contributor to human health—the microbiome. The human microbiome is comprised of trillions of microbial cells that aid in host immune function, biosynthesis of important compounds, and metabolism. The microbiome composition and functional capacity develop rapidly after birth, then remain generally stable from toddlerhood to adulthood. Elderly adults then lose microbiome diversity and core bacterial phyla, which may predispose to aging-related conditions, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases and infections. Given these changes in the microbiome with age and the established association between microbiome perturbations and disease, microbiome-targeted therapies may be important for extending human healthspan and lifespan.
Up in the Air? Future Research Strategies to Assess Aerosols in Dentistry.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused major disruption in global health care delivery. In March 2020, based upon guidance from the American Dental Association and the US Ce...
Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 Infection

The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 infection. The timing of presentation and features of diagnosis are described. Cardiac involvement is common and is the focus of this review. Arrhythmias, heart block, acute heart failure, shock, cardiac dysfunction, and coronary dilation have all been reported. Therapies used to treat children with this hyperinflammation syndrome include supportive care and agents that modulate the immune system. Therapies commonly described include intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, and cytokine-directed agents, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade and interleukin receptor blockade. The threshold for diagnosing coronary involvement in MIS-C is coronary artery dimensions indexed to body surface that exceed the normative values (Z score >2). Those hospitalized with MIS-C are evaluated by electrocardiogram and echocardiogram; outpatient assessment by a cardiologist is indicated prior to sports clearance. The prognosis of treated MIS-C patients is good. Future work is needed to understand the scope of cardiac involvement associated with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C in children and to define the optimal therapeutic targets for these distinct entities.
A randomized controlled trial of ibuprofen versus ketorolac versus diclofenac for acute, nonradicular low back pain

OBJECTIVES Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first-line medication for acute low back pain (LBP). It is unclear if the choice of NSAID impacts outcomes. We compared ibuprofen, ketorolac, and diclofenac for the treatment of acute, nonradicular LBP. METHODS This was a three-armed, double-blind, comparative effectiveness study, in which we enrolled patients at the conclusion of an ED visit for musculoskeletal LBP and determined outcomes by telephone 5 days later. Patients were randomized to receive a 5-day supply of 600 mg of ibuprofen, 10 mg of ketorolac, or 50 mg of diclofenac, each to be used every 8 h as needed. Every participant also received LBP education. The primary outcome was improvement in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), a 24-item instrument on which lower scores indicate better LBP functional outcomes, between ED visit and day 5. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, measured using the descriptors none, mild, moderate, and severe, and the presence of stomach irritation. RESULTS A total of 868 patients were screened and 66 patients were enrolled in each of the three arms. Baseline characteristics were similar. Improvements in RMDQ by day 5 were as follows: ibuprofen 9.4, ketorolac 11.9, and diclofenac 10.9 (p = 0.34). Mild or no pain on day 5 was as follows: ibuprofen 38 of 61 (62%), ketorolac 47 of 59 (80%), and diclofenac 45 of 62 (71%; 95% CI for rounded mean difference of 17% between ibuprofen and ketorolac = 1, 33%, p = 0.04, number needed to treat = 6 [95% CI = 3-69]). Stomach irritation was reported by 16 of 62 (26%) ibuprofen patients versus three of 61 (5%) in the ketorolac arm and six of 64 (9%) in the diclofenac arm (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION There were no important differences between groups with regard to the primary outcome. These data do not rule out that possibility that ketorolac results in better pain relief and less stomach irritation than ibuprofen.
Volcanically extruded phosphides as an abiotic source of Venusian phosphine.

We hypothesize that trace amounts of phosphides formed in the mantle are a plausible abiotic source of the Venusian phosphine observed by Greaves et al. [Nat. Astron., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1174-4 (2020)]. In this hypothesis, small amounts of phosphides (P3− bound in metals such as iron), sourced from a deep mantle, are brought to the surface by volcanism. They are then ejected into the atmosphere in the form of volcanic dust by explosive volcanic eruptions, which were invoked by others to explain the episodic changes of sulfur dioxide seen in the atmosphere [Esposito, Science 223, 1072–1074 (1984)]. There they react with sulfuric acid in the aerosol layer to form phosphine (2 P3− + 3H2SO4 = 2PH3 + 3SO42-). We take issue with the conclusion of Bains et al. [arXiv:2009.06499 (2020)] that the volcanic rates for such a mechanism would have to be implausibly high. We consider a mantle with the redox state similar to the Earth, magma originating deep in the mantle—a likely scenario for the origin of plume volcanism on Venus—and episodically high but plausible rates of volcanism on a Venus bereft of plate tectonics. We conclude that volcanism could supply an adequate amount of phosphide to produce phosphine. Our conclusion is supported by remote sensing observations of the Venusian atmosphere and surface that have been interpreted as indicative of currently active volcanism.
How are Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers in the cosmic web related to gas-rich galaxies?

We present the two-point cross-correlation function between Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers and HI galaxies in the nearby Universe ($0.01 \le z \le 0.057$). We use absorbers from 21 QSO sightlines from the Survey of the Low-Redshift Intergalactic Medium with HST/COS and the galaxy catalogs from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey and the New York University Value-Added Galaxy Catalog. We find that Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers are strongly correlated to Lyman $\alpha$ galaxies at a projected separation of $\le$0.5 Mpc and velocity separation of $\le 50~km~s^{-1}$. Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers are 7.6 times more likely to be found near HI galaxies compared to a random distribution. The correlation decreases as the projected and/or velocity separation increase. We also find the correlation between Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers and HI galaxies to be stronger than those observed between Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers and optically selected galaxies. There is an enhancement in the number of absorbers at velocity separations of $\le30~km~s^{-1}$ from HI galaxies at distances larger than their viral radius. Combined with the fact that most of our galaxies are not driving strong outflows, we conclude that the absorbers at low-velocity separations are tracing cooler intergalactic gas around galaxies. This conclusion is consistent with the predictions from cosmological simulations where faint gas from the intergalactic medium flows into the disks of galaxies leading to galaxy growth.
Identity of cofactor bound to mycothiol conjugate amidase (Mca) influenced by expression and purification conditions

Mycothiol serves as the primary reducing agent in Mycobacterium species, and is also a cofactor for the detoxification of xenobiotics. Mycothiol conjugate amidase (Mca) is a metalloamidase that catalyzes the cleavage of MS-conjugates to form a mercapturic acid, which is excreted from the mycobacterium, and 1-d-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside. Herein we report on the metal cofactor preferences of Mca from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Importantly, results from homology models of Mca from M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis suggest that the metal binding site of Mca is identical to that of the closely related protein N-acetyl-1-d-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside deacetylase (MshB). This finding is supported by results from zinc ion affinity measurements that indicate Mca and MshB have comparable $$K_{\text{D}}^{{{\text{Zn}}\left( {\text{II}} \right)}}$$ values (~10–20 pM). Furthermore, results from pull-down experiments using Halo-Mca indicate that Mca purifies with (stoichiometric) Fe2+ when purified under anaerobic conditions, and Zn2+ when purified under aerobic conditions. Consequently, Mca is likely a Fe2+-dependent enzyme under physiological conditions; with Zn2+-Mca an experimental artifact that could become biologically relevant under oxidatively stressed conditions. Importantly, these findings suggest that efforts towards the design of Mca inhibitors should include targeting the Fe2+ form of the enzyme.
Mensural discrimination between sympatric Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus in southern Illinois

A total of 383 Peromyscus was collected from southern Illinois to determine morphological characteristics useful in identifying individuals as either P. leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818) or P. maniculatus (Wagner, 1845). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of salivary amylase was used to positively identify all specimens. No univariate morphological character accurately discriminated between the two species because of a high degree of intraspecific variation. Stepwise discriminant function analysis of external characters correctly classified 97.9% of subadults to species. The most important external character was the tail length/body length ratio. This ratio was also the most important factor in discrimination of adults; the function correctly classified 98.6% of individuals. Considering skull measurements of adults, 9 cranial characters were needed to differentiate between the two species, with a correct classification of 98.9%. For old adults, all specimens were classified correctly using 5 cranial characters. There was no fast, easy, accurate method to discriminate between these species 100% of the time in the field.
The Role of Flavonol Glycosides and Carotenoids in Protecting Soybean from Ultraviolet-B Damage.

The increase in ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 0.290–0.320 [mu]m) radiation received by plants due to stratospheric ozone depletion heightens the importance of understanding UV-B tolerance. Photosynthetic tissue is believed to be protected from UV-B radiation by UV-B-absorbing compounds (e.g. flavonoids). Although synthesis of flavonoids is induced by UV-B radiation, its protective role on photosynthetic pigments has not been clearly demonstrated. This results in part from the design of UV-B experiments in which experimental UV-A irradiance has not been carefully controlled, since blue/UV-A radiation is involved in the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic pigments. The relationship of flavonoids to photosynthetic performance, photosynthetic pigments, and growth measures was examined in an experiment where UV-A control groups were included at two biologically effective daily UV-B irradiances, 14.1 and 10.7 kJ m-2. Normal, chlorophyll-deficient, and flavonoid-deficient pigment isolines of two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars that produced different flavonol glycosides (Harosoy produced kaempferol, Clark produced quercetin and kaempferol) were examined. Plants with higher levels of total flavonoids, not specific flavonol glycosides, were more UV-B tolerant as determined by growth, pigment, and gas-exchange variables. Regression analyses indicated no direct relationship between photosynthesis and leaf levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds. UV-B radiation increased photosynthetic pigment content, along with UV-B-absorbing compounds, but only the former (especially carotenoids) was related to total biomass (r2 = 0.61, linear) and to photosynthetic efficiency (negative, exponential relationship, r2 = 0.82). A reduction in photosynthesis was associated primarily with a stomatal limitation rather than photosystem II damage. This study suggests that both carotenoids and flavonoids may be involved in plant UV-B photoprotection, but only carotenoids are directly linked to photoprotection of photosynthetic function. These results additionally show the importance of UV-A control in UV-B experiments conducted using artificial lamps and filters.
Timing recovery for two-dimensional modulation codes

Two-dimensional modulation codes were recently introduced as a method of increasing magnetic data storage densities. The authors introduce a timing recovery circuit for use by systems that employ two-dimensional modulation codes. The circuit generalizes the familiar square-and-filter approach. Computer simulations were used to determine the performance of this circuit in terms of peak-to-peak jitter vs. the signal to noise ratio at various pulse densities. Another circuit is proposed to remove relative time-shift from adjacent tracks. This circuit is necessary for proper operation of the timing recovery circuit in systems with removable media. >
Determination of the Optimal Process Mean and the Upper Limit for a Canning Problem

A method of determining the optimal process mean and upper fill weight limit for a canning process where the ingredients is expensive is presented. Underfilled (below a specified limit) and overfilled (above a controllable upper limit) cans are emptied ..
Gays, Jews, and Other Strangers in a Strange Land: The Case for Reciprocal Accommodation of Religious Liberty and the Right of Same-Sex Couples to Marry

This article presents a new perspective on the question of whether and to what extent states should provide accommodations to religious objectors to same-sex marriage. It critically evaluates both of the commonly presented, competing analogies for addressing this issue; the accommodation of religiously-based race discrimination (offered by those who oppose most accommodations) and conscience clauses for health care providers (suggested by commentators who are more supportive of accommodations.) As an alternative model, the article suggests that the starting place for determining whether or not an accommodation for religious objectors to same-sex marriage should be granted is to ask whether a comparable accommodation would be granted to an individual or institution seeking the right to discriminate on the basis of religion in providing goods, services, or benefits to others. The analogy to accommodation for religious discrimination is grounded on the recognition that religious liberty and the right of same-sex couples to marry share a common foundation and are in some sense mutually reinforcing interests. Both religion and same-sex marriage go to the core of a person’s identity. Both are intrinsically relational. Both involve conduct that expresses commitment. Both relationships are the source of duties and responsibilities that people feel compelled to fulfill. Both religious liberty and gay and lesbian rights are susceptible to similar kinds of slippery slope challenges. (Polygamy is the pit at the bottom of both slippery slopes.) Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the essence of religious liberty is the right to be different and, in the eyes of the majority, to be wrong. That understanding has parallels to the debate about same-sex marriage as well.In evaluating possible accommodations, the article carefully describes the costs to objectors if accommodations are denied and the cost to same-sex couples if accommodations are granted. It concludes by suggesting that government has dual responsibilities if accommodations are granted. When the state protects religious liberty by adopting discretionary accommodations, it must also use its resources and authority to promote the goals of civil rights legislation by spreading or mitigating the costs and burdens resulting from such accommodations.
A Bayesian model order determination rule for harmonic signals

The model order selection in signal processing problems has often been addressed by employing the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the minimum description length principle (MDL). The popularity of these criteria partly stems from the intrinsically simple means by which they can be implemented. They can, however, produce misleading results if they are indiscriminately utilized. A case in point is the problem of model order selection of sinusoidal signals embedded in Gaussian noise. Following the Bayesian methodology, for these signals we derive a model order selection criterion whose general form is similar to the AIC and MDL. It contains both, the log-likelihood and the penalty terms, the latter of which is modified and more appropriate for the selection of sinusoidal-signals. Simulation results are provided, and they disclose remarkable improvement in our selection rule over the MDL and AIC.
Strategies for improving family engagement during family-centered rounds.

A growing body of literature suggests that patient- and family-centered care can improve patient outcomes1–5 as well as patient, family, and provider satisfaction.6–10 Engaging patients and families as a way to improve the quality and safety of care has been widely endorsed by leading healthcare organizations,11–13 including the Institute of Medicine.14 In the pediatric inpatient setting, family-centered rounds (FCR), defined as bedside rounds in which the “patient and family share in the control of the management plan as well as in the evaluation of the process itself,”15 potentially provide a consistent venue for family engagement and are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics as standard practice.13 According to a recent study by Mittal et al.,16 FCR are the most common type of rounds practiced among pediatric hospitalists surveyed in the United States and Canada. Despite this widespread shift from rounding in a conference room to the bedside with patients and families, there exist only a few studies that provide specific recommendations on conducting FCR.15,17,18 This research has been limited, primarily focusing how rounds are conducted, and further investigation is needed to identify the impact of other processes and elements within the hospital work system that may also affect family engagement during rounds. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify strategies to enhance family engagement during FCR drawing from the viewpoints of the various stakeholders on rounds, and 2) characterize these strategies into known elements of hospital work systems and rounding processes using a recognized human factors engineering approach, The Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model.19 According to the SEIPS model, barriers and facilitators to family engagement during FCR are likely embedded in the design of the hospital work systems and rounding process; therefore, we hypothesized that strategies that influence engagement will target all work system and process elements. This work is part of a larger study in which, after prioritization of this group of strategies based on feasibility and sustainability, a bundle of best practices for conducting FCR will be developed, implemented, and evaluated.
Language Testing: The Social Dimension, by Tim McNamara and Carsten Roever

In contemporary society, our lives have been dependent on various kinds of tests and their consequences. It typically starts with classroom tests in elementary school, followed by exit tests, entra...
Coping across the life span.

Coping and development are inextricably intertwined. Neural, cognitive, and the psychosocial systems underlie the development of both problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies in childhood. In turn, how individuals cope with problems can affect developmental trajectories across the life span. This review synthesizes the literature on developmental changes in coping in childhood and adulthood, focusing on four underlying themes: the contextual nature of coping; the social nature of coping; energy regulation, conceptualized in terms of engagement/disengagement; and self-development. We hypothesize that the development of coping strategies involves the negotiation among several dialectics, including: that between contextual influences on coping and the autonomy implied in theories of self-development; between self-development and the social nature of coping (e.g., autonomy vs. social integration); and between engagement and disengagement as a way of regulating energy expenditure. While there are individual differences in the developmental trajectories of coping, the quality of self-regulation and dyadic coping increase with age. Keywords: coping; trajectories; regulation; autonomy; social integration
User interface design strategies for AUVC software development

The authors describe useful strategies with respect to autonomous underwater vehicle controller (AUVC) software development as used on the AUVC project at the Texas A&M University. Graphical user interface programs (GUIs) have been developed to ease many aspects of system development, integration, and testing as well as mission specification and system initiation, monitoring, shutdown, and analysis. The AUVC project consists of five primary layers of software, and appropriate GUIs have been developed. These GUIs are described. >
The law of large numbers and beliefs about luck: An asymmetry in recognition of the risks and benefits of chance

Abstract Three studies (n = 655) examined beliefs about chance, focusing on participants' recognition of some implications of the principle that small samples are more subject to chance fluctuation. Participants consistently demonstrated an asymmetry in their views about luck. Although they tended to recognize the possible decrements of chance fluctuation, they consistently failed to appreciate its potential benefits, especially in a context in which the outcome was largely contingent on factors under their personal control. Participants preferred a 100 question exam to a 10 question exam, correctly believing that an atypically low score was more likely with fewer questions. In contrast, they failed to recognize that an atypically high score was also more likely with fewer questions, and preferred the long exam even when there was no possible detriment from a low score and a potential benefit from a high one. This asymmetry was reduced, although not eliminated, in a ball drawing task in which the outcome was entirely chance determined. Results suggest that people associate chance fluctuation with bad luck more than with good luck, and are therefore reluctant to exchange control for the possible benefits of chance.
The selection of patients for accelerated radiotherapy on the basis of tumor growth kinetics and intrinsic radio sensitivity

Mathematical modeling was used to reach qualitative conclusions concerning the relative rate of local tumor control that might be achieved by using accelerated fractionation to treat only the patients with the most rapidly growing tumors, compared with the control rates that could be expected from either conventional or accelerated radiotherapy alone. The results suggest that concomitant boost therapy is equally or more effective than conventional dose fractionation for all tumors, regardless of their growth kinetics. For tumors with very short clonogen doubling times, CHART (continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy) may be even more effective than concomitant boost treatment, but CHART is less effective than conventional or concomitant boost therapy for tumors with longer clonogen doubling times. Thus, there is a rationale for using a predictive assay of tumor clonogen doubling times to identify the patients who should be treated with CHART. However, improvements in local tumor control resulting from concomitant boost treatment or the selective use of CHART are not likely to be apparent in the population as a whole, because the overall control rates are largely determined by refractory tumors having little chance of control with any of the treatments and by highly responsive tumors that are likely to be controlled regardless of the treatment choice. Differences in control rates with different treatment strategies are most apparent in the stochastic fraction of the population, which excludes those patients for whom there is either very little chance (e.g. less than 1%) or a very high chance (e.g. greater than 99%) of achieving local control with both treatments. The stochastic fraction can be approximated by excluding those patients with the most radioresistant and the most radiosensitive tumors, since intrinsic tumor radiosensitivity appears to be the single most important factor determining treatment outcome.
Evidence for Evolution Versus Evidence for Intelligent Design: Parallel Confusions

The popular defense of intelligent design/creationism (ID) theories, as well as theories in evolutionary biology, especially from the perspective that both are worthy of scientific consideration, is that empirical evidence has been presented that supports both. Both schools of thought have had a tendency to rely on the same class of evidence, namely, the observations of organisms that are in need of being explained by those theories. The result is conflation of the evidence that prompts one to infer hypotheses applying ID or evolutionary theories with the evidence that would be required to critically test those theories. Evidence is discussed in the contexts of inferring theories/hypotheses, suggesting what would be possible tests, and actual testing. These three classes of inference being abduction, deduction, and induction, respectively. Identifying these different inferential processes in evolutionary biology and ID allow for showing that the evidence to which theories and hypotheses provide understanding cannot be the same evidence supporting those theories and hypotheses. This clarification provides a strong criterion for showing the inability of an ID theory to be of utility in the ongoing process of acquiring causal understanding, that is the hallmark of science.
The Role of Dance in Multicultural Education

(1991). The Role of Dance in Multicultural Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 34-48.
Hyperon magnetic moments in SU(3)

The hyperon magnetic moments and the magnetic transition moment $\ensuremath{\mu}_{\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{}^{0}{}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}{}^{}}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ have been calculated under various assumptions for the electromagnetic current operator within the spectrum-generating SU(3) approach. None of these assumptions, including the conventional ones using the Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula and SU(3) symmetry, lead to an acceptable fit to the experimental data.
Working equations for the oscillating-cup viscometer

The paper briefly recapitulates the exact theory of the oscillating-cup viscometer given by Newell and his co-workers. The complexity of the exact solution explains the bewildering variety of approximate theories encountered in the literature. The exact equation is reduced to two simple analytic forms which can be used in practice, respectively, for design and for the evaluation of results. The exact solution has been programmed on a computer to generate accurate values of the decrement and period that would be encountered if measurements were performed under a variety of conditions. These are then used critically to assess the quality of several theories proposed earlier. It is concluded that for ξ0>10 and R/h<-2, an accuracy of 0.1% or better can be secured only if the simplified form of the equation proposed by Beckwith and Newell is used. The other simplified equations introduce systematic computational errors ranging from a few tenths of one percent to as much as 8–10%. Roscoe's equation provides a very good approximation over most of this range, its computational error amounting to no more 0.2% at ξ0=10.
Closed subclasses of M-groups

An M-group is a finite group all of whose complex irreducible characters are induced from a linear character of some subgroup. Much is known about M-groups (see Huppert [S, Sect. 18 of Chap. V] or Isaacs [6] for instance). M-groups are solvable but every finite solvable group is a subgroup of an M-group. So as a class, M-groups are not subgroup-closed. Examples by Dornhoff [4] and Dade [3] show that the class of M-groups is not a formation, Fitting class, nor is even closed under taking normal subgroups. For inductive use of M-groups, considering M-groups all of whose subgroups are M-groups seem expeditious. These have been examined by Price [8, Theorem 1.51. This extra restriction makes the class more useful and interesting to investigate. Certainly this is a strong restriction, but Schacher and Seitz [9] have shown there is an infinite set n of primes such that all x-groups are M-groups. Clearly, this set of n-groups is subgroup-closed. They even characterize the largest saturated subgroup-closed formation of odd order M-groups. We investigate here other closure properties of the class of groups all of whose subgroups are M-groups. Theorem 2.5 shows that the subclass of these groups with Sylow p-subgroups of class at most 2 is a formation. However, the class itself is not a formation since we give the required example in Section 3.
An interpretation of methodologies for indirect measurement of soil water content

Using a new technique referred to as the triangle method, surface soil water content and fractional vegetation cover were derived from surface radiant temperature measurements and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Application of the technique is made with reference to NS001 multispectral scanner measurements made by a C-130 aircraft over the Mahantango Watershed in Pennsylvania. The derived surface soil water content values were compared with those obtained from the Push Broom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) aboard the same aircraft and with in-situ ground measurements. A large disparity was found to exist between all three measurements, suggesting that the surface becomes decoupled from the deeper substrate in regions of rapid drying, where large vertical gradients in soil water content may exist near the surface.
A note on the dimension of an orbital subspace

Abstract This note contains a dimension formula for an orbital subspace in a symmetry class of tensors corresponding to an irreducible character λ of a subgroup G of Sm. An algorithm for choosing a basis is also described.
Colloquium : Chaotic quantum dots with strongly correlated electrons

Quantum dots pose a problem where one must confront three obstacles: randomness, interactions, and finite size. Yet it is this confluence that allows one to make some theoretical advances by invoking three theoretical tools: random matrix theory, the renormalization group, and the $1∕N$ expansion. Here the reader is introduced to these techniques and shown how they may be combined to answer a set of questions pertaining to quantum dots.
Coronary artery disease burden and long-term outcomes in patients with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from a single-center registry

Purpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a frequent complication of HIV infection and patients with HIV are increasingly referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite substantial cardiac morbidity, the angiographic pattern or burden of CAD and outcomes following PCI in HIV patients has not been well described. Methods: We followed 112 consecutive patients with HIV who underwent PCI from 1999 to 2011. Quantitative coronary angiographic (QCA) analysis was performed independently in all patients. We determined that the incidence of adverse events including death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization. The mean follow-up period was 2.4 years. Results: We identified 112 HIV patients with 164 lesions undergoing PCI during the study period. Patients with HIV were more frequently male (n=88, 79%) and non-Caucasian (n=79, 71%) with a mean age of 57 years. The majority of patients were treated with DES (n=66, 59%). Most lesions displayed minimal calcification (67%), modest lesion length (16.6 mm±10.6) with a diameter stenosis of 69%, and an overall SYNTAX score of 13.5±8.9. The rate of all-cause mortality, MI or target vessel revascularization at 3 years was 29.5% while 19% of patients were readmitted due to cardiac causes (Figure 1). Similar results were obtained for both BMS and DES treated patients (29.8% vs 29.2%, P=0.95). ![Figure][1] Figure 1 Conclusion: Although the angiographic pattern of CAD in HIV patients suggests a relatively low-risk phenotype, the risk for adverse events after PCI, particularly revascularization, is significant. These findings suggest that atherosclerosis progression and restenosis is altered in the setting of HIV [1]: pending:yes
The social unit—An experiment in politics

The Social Unit experiment in Cincinnati is generally thought of as an adventure in social work. The truth is that it is an exploration into a new field of political organization which challenges our traditional ideas of government.
Individuals exhibit idiosyncratic eye-movement behavior profiles across tasks.

The purpose of this study was to examine individual differences in eye-movement behavior. Six metrics (Fixation Rate, Duration, and Size; Saccade Amplitude; Micro-Saccade Rate and Amplitude) were used to measure individuals’ eye-movement behavior profiles (EmBP). We replicate previous research (Andrews & Coppola, 1999; Castelhano & Henderson, 2008) by finding consistent individual differences in fixation duration and saccade amplitude across tasks, and present new findings of stable idiosyncrasies in measures of fixational eye-movement (Fixation Size, Micro-Saccade Rate and Amplitude). Moreover, we observed consistent inter-metric correlations across tasks (e.g., individuals that exhibited relatively high Fixation Rates also presented relative low Micro-Saccade Rates and relatively high Micro-Saccade Amplitudes). Factor Analysis linked the six EmBP metrics together with a single factor, which we speculate might be related to the operational effectiveness of the attentional system, given that individual factor scores were correlated with scores on a self-report measure of attentional function. Normal subjects with relatively high scores on this attention-deficit measure exhibited relatively frequent fixations of short duration and large spatial extent, and relatively infrequent micro-saccades of large amplitude. This EmBP is similar to a general pattern of eye-movement behavior observed with ADHD individuals – difficulty controlling eye movements, maintaining fixation, and inhibiting intrusive saccades. Results of this study indicate that normal individuals exhibit idiosyncratic EmBPs that are quite stable across tasks and are related to attentional ability.