cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dietitians licensed in Oregon regarding functional foods, nutrient supplements, and herbs as complementary medicine.

Abstract Objective To examine the perceived knowledge and attitudes of dietitians licensed in Oregon (LDs) regarding the effectiveness and safety of functional foods, nutrient supplements, and herbs as complementary medicine as well as their personal use, recommendations for the use of others, and training needs. Design A mailed survey was used to gather data. The questionnaire was developed and face-validated after a focus group discussion. Subjects/setting A geographically stratified, random sample of 202 Oregon LDs was surveyed; usable data were collected from 162 LDs (80%). Statistical analyses Descriptive statistics and χ 2 tests were used to analyze data. The data were weighted to take account of the sampling method and yield population estimates. Results LDs considered themselves to be knowledgeable of functional foods and nutrient supplements. More than 80% were confident of the effectiveness of functional foods and nutrient supplements for prevention of illness and treatment of chronic illness, and at least 89% were confident of their safety for these uses. Fewer than 75% considered herbs to be safe and only about 50% were confident of the effectiveness of herbs. Only 10% or fewer LDs considered themselves to be knowledgeable about herbs for prevention and treatment of illness. Interest in training about each of these less-traditional nutrition therapies was high. Applications/conclusions Oregon LDs consider themselves to be actively practicing in the area of complementary medicine and have a strong desire for further training. The dietetics profession can capitalize on this interest by taking the lead in training dietitians about the role of functional foods, nutrient supplements, and herbs in health. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:543-548.
Engineering Applications of ADI Methods to Piecewise-Linear Multidimensional Heat Transfer

Abstract Transient multidimensional forms of the heat equation are developed with alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) methods. Nonlinearities which stem from boundary conditions and variable properties are approximated in a piecewise linear manner. The resulting ADI forms of the heat equation are successfully demonstrated on a diverse pair of applications consisting of an air-to-ground missile design and an orbiting hollow cube exposed to short-duration radiation. In both applications, the ADI equations prove to be an order of magnitude more economical of computer time than the traditional Crank-Nicolson method. Moreover, the ADI equations prove to be less sensitive to approximation of nonlinearities than the DuFort-Frankel explicit method.
The size of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake need not have been a surprise

[1] The devastating 11 March 2011 magnitude 9.1 earthquake along the Tohoku coast of northeastern Japan reminded seismologists again of the adage, “It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble—it's what you know for sure that just ain't so.” Many seismologists—and hence disaster planners—thought that such huge earthquakes could not occur on this subduction zone [Chang, 2011; Geller, 2011]. Great earthquakes—magnitude 8—were expected and planned for. However, a giant magnitude 9 earthquake, which would release 30 times more energy, was not considered.
Characteristics of the maximal independent set ZDD

Zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs) are important data structures that are used in a number of combinatorial optimization settings. This paper explores a ZDD characterization for the maximal independent sets of a graph; a necessary and sufficient condition for when nodes in the ZDD can be merged is provided, and vertex orderings of the graph are studied to determine which orderings produce smaller ZDDs. A bound on the width of the maximal independent set ZDD is obtained, relating it to the Fibonacci numbers. Finally, computational results are reported.
Improved performance of lithium–sulfur battery with fluorinated electrolyte

Abstract An organo-fluorine compound, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE), was investigated for the first time as the electrolyte solvent in the lithium–sulfur battery. The new fluorinated electrolyte suppressed the deleterious shuttling effect and improved the capacity retention and coulombic efficiency in cell tests. In addition, it was found to eliminate the self-discharge of the lithium–sulfur battery.
Eighteenth-century Equity Lawsuits in the Court of Exchequer as a Source for Historial Research

Equity lawsuits in the court of Exchequer remain neglected by historical scholars. They present a treasure-trove for historians, literary scholars, musicologists and others: any suit that could be brought in Chancery between the mid-seventeenth century and 1841 could equally well be brought in Exchequer. Relying largely on name searches, we have discovered more than fifty suits connected with our own interests in theatre and opera history. Organization (and hence the search process) differs significantly from Chancery, but we have provided a kind of beginner’s guide to the records as well as illustrations of the sorts of discoveries we have made.
Synthesizing systolic arrays from recurrence equations

Abstract We address the problem of synthesizing systolic arrays from recurrence equations. This problem has been studied by a number of researchers for the case where the dependencies in the recurrence are uniform. We first summarize this approach and present a number of results that make explicit the scope and limitations of such Uniform Recurrence Equations (UREs). To overcome the limitations we propose the class of Affine Recurrence Equations (AREs) which are a superset of UREs. In order to synthesize systolic arrays from such recurrences it is necessary to determine appropriate timing and allocation functions. We discuss techniques to determine such functions. We will also show that merely determining such functions is not enough to guarantee that the architecture is systolic. We therefore present a technique called data pipelining which enables us to derive systolic arrays from the ARE.
Elevated cutaneous leukocyte concentration in a rodent model of acute venous hypertension

Background.The pathophysiologic mechanism of the skin pathology in chronic venous insufficiency is venous hypertension (VHTN). Microvascular dysfunction involving leukocytes has recently been proposed as the primary mediator of tissue damage from VHTN. We developed a rodent model allowing the investigation of the effects of acute VHTN on tissue leukocyte concentration. Materials and methods.Under general anesthesia, adult male rats underwent transperitoneal isolation of the inferior vena cava and the common iliac veins and arteries. Bilateral thigh incisions allowed isolation of the common femoral veins and superficial epigastric veins (SEV: distal branch of the femoral vein in the thigh). Pressure in the SEV and flow in the iliac artery were measured before (T-Pre), immediately after (T-0), and for 135 min (T-1) after ligation of the cava, iliac, and femoral veins. Sham rats were identical except no venous ligation was performed. After the T-1 pressures were obtained, the distal hindlimb and forelimb skin was harvested and processed to measure myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an index of the number of tissue leukocytes. To evaluate the effect of arterial flow reduction known to occur with acute venous ligation, the above measurements were made in an Aortic group of rats in which the aorta was manually stenosed. Results.This venous ligation technique resulted in a significant (P< 0.05) and sustained rise in venous pressure (T-Pre, 9.91 ± 0.94 and T-1, 26.22 ± 2.15). Hypertensive rats had significantly elevated hindlimb MPO activity (4.77 ± 0.36) vs forelimb (0.60 ± 0.39), Sham (hindlimb, 0.77 ± 0.41; forelimb, 0.10 ± 0.05), and Aortic (hindlimb, 0.96 ± 0.38; forelimb, 0.58 ± 0.11) controls. Conclusions.Acute VHTN was successfully created by venous ligation in this newly developed rat model. VHTN, but not arterial flow reduction, was associated with significantly elevated hindlimb skin MPO activity, suggesting that leukocytes may indeed be mediators of skin pathology in VHTN. This model will allow further investigation into the mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction in VHTN.
Density functional theory exploring the HONO potential energy surface

Abstract The potential energy surface was carefully explored for the HONO molecular system with hybrid, gradient-corrected, and local spin density approximation. Computed geometries, relative energies, activation barriers, enthalpies of formation, and bond dissociation energies for this molecular species, as well as for related molecules, were calculated and compared with experimental and the complete basis set obtained values. The harmonic frequencies with the moment of inertia for all stationary points on the potential energy surface were calculated with both gradient-corrected and hybrid density functional theory methods. The reliability of the density functional theory method for exploring the small polar nitrogen system was discussed.
Graphical evaluation of magnetic amplifier performance based on constant-voltage reset test

Synopsis. A half-wave voltage-reset magnetic amplifier with a switching transistor in the control circuit is used as a core tester. Families of magnetizing current versus the magnitude of induced voltage with reset flux as a parameter are recorded. A graphical construction similar to the conventional one in the design of electronic amplifiers can yield the core behavior when operating in a 2-core magnetic amplifier, regardless of the magnitude of the control resistance.
THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF TWO TYPES OF MULTI-NUCLEATED GIANT CELLS IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD.

1. It has been demonstrated that giant cells of the foreign body and epithelioid types can be induced to appear in the blood stream. 2. Evidence has been presented which indicates that foreign body giant cells are primarily formed by fusion of monocytes and that the fate of these giant cells is accomplished, at least in some instances, by a separation into the constituent elements. 3. Further evidence has been presented which lends support to the hypothesis that "epithelioid giant cells" reach their stage of evolution, not by fusion of monocytes, but by amitotic division of the nuclei of monocytes and epithelioid cells. 4. The presence of giant cells in the peripheral blood as the result of agar injections is almost invariably associated with, or preceded by a marked monocytosis in which the new monocytes are of large size and show evidence of immaturity. 5. Injections of agar into the tissues result in decreased absolute and percentage values of lymphocytes and a diminution of the specific granules in many of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 6. It would appear from these studies that a clear differentiation of "epithelioid giant cells" and "foreign body giant cells" in the blood is usually possible, but that on the other hand, a few cells may be present which have some of the characteristics of each type. These latter cells probably represent in their formation both a fusion of individual cells and an amitotic division of the nuclei of monocytes. 7. Clasmatocytes or macrophages have in rare instances been seen to take part in the formation of foreign body giant cells. At least one instance has been noted of the fusion of a clasmatocyte with several monocytes. No evidence is available to demonstrate that macrophages ever play a part in the formation of "epithelioid giant cells."
Effective measurement design for cyber security

Cyber-attacks against power systems have been widely researched in recent years. Several studies have so far focused on ways of deceiving the state estimator so that the resulting estimates would be wrong. On the other hand, the role of network topology and measurement design on detectability of cyber-attacks has not been widely investigated. This work examines the measurements and network topology to identify vulnerabilities against targeted cyber-attacks. Specifically, it considers the leverage measurements, whose errors are typically not easily detected and therefore they may bias estimators when they carry gross errors. The paper also illustrates that this vulnerability can be addressed by strategic replacement of few of these measurements by phasor measurement units (PMUs).
Effects of peroxidation and aging on rat neocortical ACh-release and protein kinase C

Abstract Cerebral cortical synaptosomes were prepared from 2- or 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats and exposed to a peroxidizing condition (50 μM ferrous ions and 2 μM ascorbate ions) before measuring either the release of newly synthesized [ 3 H]acetylcholine (ACh) or protein kinase C activity (PKC). Several secretagogues with different mechanisms of action and different responses to aging were used to trigger release: K + depolarization (5 mM–60 mM), calcium ionophore A23187 (1–10 μg/ml), and 4-aminopyridine (0.1–10 mM). Aging reduced K + depolarization-induced release at every K + concentration studied, reduced A23187-induced release at low but not high concentrations and did not affect 4-aminopyridine-induced release. Membrane peroxidation of synaptosomes from 2-month-old rats altered the response to secretagogues to match that seen in 24-month-old rats. Membrane peroxidation also attenuated the A23187-stimulated translocation of free to bound synaptosomal PKC activity in 2-month-old but not 24-month-old animals. These results suggest that membrane peroxidation may mimic some age-related deficits in secretagogue-induced [ 3 H]ACh release.
Character recognition performance improvement using personal handwriting characteristics

The characters written by the same writer are expected to have the following two characteristics. (1) The characters belonging to the same category have similar shapes. (2) There is a shape correlation among characters belonging to different categories. This paper is is aimed at recognition performance improvement using these characteristics. First, this paper describes a method to verify these personal handwriting characteristics using transformed features through principal component analysis. Next, based on the idea that a misrecognized character has an unnatural shape relation with other characters recognized correctly, this paper describes two methods to detect such unnaturalness, which are "within category" detection and "between category" detection. Recognition performance has been improved significantly, especially when unnaturalness is combined with the distances obtained in the recognition process.
Characterizing the influence of vitamin D levels on IVF outcomes

background: Vitamin D plays a role in reproductive capacity. Recently, several investigators have demonstrated higher IVF pregnancy rates in vitamin D replete women. The objective of this study was to validate these findings and to further elucidate the role of vitamin D in reproduction among a diverse group of women. methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in an academic tertiary care center of 188 infertile women undergoing IVF. Serum levels of vitamin D (25OH-D) were measured in previously frozen serum samples. The main outcome measure was clinical pregnancy, defined as sonographic presence of a heartbeat following IVF. results: The relationship between vitamin D status and pregnancy rates differed by race (P , 0.01). Among non-Hispanic whites, pregnancy rates declined with progressively lower levels of vitamin D, while in Asians, the reverse was true. Adjusting for age and number and quality of embryos transferred among non-Hispanic whites, the odds of pregnancy were four times higher in vitamin D replete versus deficient patients. Live birth rates mirrored pregnancy rates. Vitamin D status was not associated with ovarian stimulation parameters or with markers of embryo quality.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma of liver: A primary malignant oncocytic carcinoid?

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver and two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma of the common histologic type are described. Ultrastructural examination of both cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma revealed the presence of neurosecretory (NS) granules which were sparse in some cells and abundant in others. Many of the tumor cells had a distinct oncocytic appearance with abundant mitochondria. A portion of the glutaraldehyde-fixed neoplasm was processed for the uranaffin reaction (an ultrastructural cytochemical stain specific for the NS granules of neuroendocrine tissue). Abundant uranaffin-positive granules were found in the neoplastic cells of both cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma, whereas no uranaffin-positive granules were found in hepatocellular carcinoma of the common histologic type. There was no statistical difference in the mean diameter of the uranaffin-positive granules measured from both cases. Immunohisto-chemistry revealed the prese...
The Languages of Siberia

Although Russian today is the dominant language in virtually every corner of North Asia, Siberia and the Northern Pacific Rim of Asia remain home to over three dozen mutually unintelligible indigenous language varieties. Except for Tuvan, Buryat, and Yakut, most are rapidly losing ground to Russian if not already critically endangered. Several more have already become extinct in the four centuries since the area's incorporation into the Russian state. From an ethnographic perspective, Siberian languages merit attention for their interplay of pastoral and hunter–gatherer influences and also for the fact that Siberia represents the staging ground for prehistoric migrations into the Americas. North Asia contains several autochthonous microfamilies and isolates not found outside this region – the so-called ‘Paleo-Asiatic’ (or ‘Paleosiberian’) languages Ket, Yukaghir, Nivkh, and the Chukotko-Kamchatkan microfamily, which includes Chukchi, Koryak, and Itelmen. Ainu, formerly spoken on Sakhalin and the Kuriles as well as in Hokkaido, and the three varieties of Eskimoan spoken in historic times on the Russian side of Bering Strait, likewise belong to the earlier, non-food producing layers of ethnolinguistic diversity in North Asia. All of these languages, aside from Eskimoan, are entirely autochthonous to the northern half of Asia. Siberian languages spoken by pastoral groups, on the other hand, belong to families represented more prominently elsewhere. Families, such as Uralic, Turkic, Mongolic, and especially Tungusic (the northern branch of the Tungus-Manchu family), became dominant in Siberia long before the coming of the Russians. As an extension of pastoral Inner Eurasia, Siberia displays many traits characteristic of a linguistic area: suffixal agglutination, widespread dependent marking typology, a fairly elaborate system of spatial case markers, and the use of case suffixes or postpositions to signal syntactic subordination. There are also notable idiosyncratic features, particularly among the so-called Paleo-Siberian languages. These include the areally atypical feature of possessive prefixes and verb-internal subject/object prefixes in Ket, the unique verb-internal focus markers of Yukaghir, the extensive numeral allomorphs that serve as nominal classifiers in Nivkh, and the reduplicative stem augmentation used by Chukchi nouns to express the absolutive singular (in contrast to plurals and oblique case forms, where the stem is simple). While North Asia has long been the preserve of linguists writing in Russian or German (including many Finns and Hungarians), since the collapse of the Soviet Union the number of English-language treatments of Siberian languages is increasing.
Angular dependent light scattering from multicellular spheroids.

We demonstrate that the effects of cell-cell contact and of changes in cell shape have only a minor effect on the angular distri- bution of light scattering from mammalian fibroblast cells. This result is important for the development of light scattering as a noninvasive tool for tissue diagnostics such as cancer detection. Changes in cell organization that are not accompanied by changes in internal cellular structure may not be measurable. On the other hand, changes in in- ternal cellular structure should be measurable without interference from changes in overall cellular organization. The second major result of this work is that there are small but significant differences between light scattering of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells grown in a three-dimensional culture system. The cause of the differences in light scattering are likely due to the nontumorigenic cells arresting in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while the tumorigenic cells continue to proliferate. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Study on Intelligent Distributed Monitoring And Control System for Huge Buildings

To be applied in huge buildings of different scale, a distributed monitoring and control system with multi-layer logical and physical structure is proposed and designed. The system owns a modularized hardware platform, which can be re-organized according to real requirement. The fundamental part of the system is designed on the basis of field bus and advanced microprocessor. Multiple field buses are used in the system to decrease the hardware cost and exert the advantages of each protocol. To avoid the data miss and collision between peer-to-peer communications, an improved datagram protocol is adapted. Based on the system information flow, the system software with real-time operating system is implemented. The system has been put into field application and shows an excellent property of intelligence, robustness and flexibility.
The Effect of Edge on Avian Nest Success: How Strong Is the Evidence?

Wildlife biologists historically considered the edge between adjacent habitat types highly productive and bene- ficial to wildlife A currant dogma is that edges adversely affect a wide range of avian species by increasing depreda- tion and parasitism rates of nest~ I critically evaluated ex- isting empirical evidence to test whether there was a grada- tion in nest success as a function of distance from an edge Researchers investigating this question have been inconsis- tent in their experimental design~ making generalizations about edge-effect patterns difficul£ The majority of studies I examined found nest success varied near edge~ with both depredation rates (10 of 14 artificial nest studie~ and 4 of 7 natural nest studies) and parastttsm rotes (3 of 5 studies) increasing near edger In addittor~ there was a positive rela. tlonship between nest success and patch size (8 of 8 studies). The most conclusive studies suggest that edge effects usually occur within 50 m of an edgg whereas studiesproposing that increased depredation rates extend farther than 50 m from an edge are less convincing. Prior research has probably fo- cused on distances too far from an edge to detect threshold value~ and future research should emphasize smaller scale~. 100-200 m from an edge at 20-25 m inotnnent~ Research- ers often use relatively arbitrary habitat characteristics to define an edge Therefore, Ipropose that only openings in the forest cxmopy with a diameter three times or more the height of the adjacent trees should be included in edge analyse,~ This review suggests that fragmentation of eastern North Ame~can temperate forests could lead to increased nest pre- dation and parasitisnt and there is need to determine if similar processes occur in other forested regions of North America
Teaching and Learning Guide for: Culture Within Sites, Culture as Resources, and Culture as Wider Contexts: A Typology of How Culture Works in Social Movement Theory

Since the 1980s, sociologists examining social movements have largely agreed that culture, or the symbolic and expressive aspects of social life, matters in understanding social movements. Despite this, we often mean very different things when we talk about culture in our analyses of social movements. To help clarify some of the discrepancies, I present a typology of three prominent ways that scholars have understood culture as shaping collective action. These ways are as follows: (i) by rendering particular sites fruitful for social movements to mobilize out of; (ii) by serving as resources that assist in movement action; and (iii) by providing wider contexts that shape movement activity. These analytical building blocks help us to examine what we understand culture as “doing” in our work. Below, I present a number of useful books and articles that demonstrate thoughtful takes on culture and social movements, along with several other resources useful for teaching a class on collective action and social movements.
Pet-1 controls tetrahydrobiopterin pathway and Slc22a3 transporter genes in serotonin neurons

Coordinated serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and reuptake depends on coexpression of Tph2, Aadc (Ddc), and Sert (Slc6a4) in brain 5-HT neurons. However, other gene products play critical roles in brain 5-HT synthesis and transport. For example, 5-HT synthesis depends on coexpression of genes encoding the enzymatic machinery necessary for the production and regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). In addition, the organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3, Slc22a3) functions as a low affinity, high capacity 5-HT reuptake protein in 5-HT neurons. The regulatory strategies controlling BH4 and Oct3 gene expression in 5-HT neurons have not been investigated. Our previous studies showed that Pet-1 is a critical transcription factor in a regulatory program that controls coexpression of Tph2, Aadc, and Sert in 5-HT neurons. Here, we investigate whether a common regulatory program determines global 5-HT synthesis and reuptake through coordinate transcriptional control. We show with comparative microarray profiling of flow so...
Catastrophe & Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster.

Catastrophe & Culture: The Anthropology of Disaster. Susanna M. Hoffman and Anthony Oliver-Smith. eds. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2002. xi. 312 pp., figures, tables, references, index.
Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) capability for sole-means GPS navigation in the oceanic phase of flight

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), a GPS integrity monitoring scheme that uses redundant ranging signals to detect a satellite malfunction that results in a large range error, involves two functions: detection of the presence of a malfunctioning satellite and identification of which satellite (or satellites) is malfunctioning. An analysis is presented of GPS RAIM capability for sole-means navigation in the oceanic phase of flight, where the position protection limit requirement for the integrity function is not as stringent as for nonprecision approaches, and yet both detection and identification function may be required if GPS is to be used as a sole-means system. For this purpose, a detection and identification algorithm is developed which takes advantage of the fact that for the oceanic phase of flight, a much larger position error is acceptable than for the nonprecision approach phase of flight. The performance of this algorithm and an algorithm proposed previously by others is estimated via simulation and compared. On the basis of the results, recommendations are made on how RAIM may be used if GPS is to be coupled with an inertial system to provide a sole-means capability in the oceanic phase of flight. >
The Production of Information Services: A Firm-Level Analysis of Information Systems Budgets

Previous research has demonstrated that the production of information services can be characterized at the aggregate economy-wide level by the Cobb-Douglas production function. However, the underlying production process at the firm level has not yet been ascertained. The objective of this paper is to determine the form of the production process for information systems services at the firm level by conducting an empirical analysis of IS budget data. The production of information services is modeled using a production function with two inputs, hardware and personnel. We estimate various econometric specifications to determine several characteristics of the provision of information services, including the allocation of the information systems budget to its two largest components--hardware and personnel--and its implications for the form of the production function. After controlling for industry sector, we find that the ratio of personnel to hardware is independent of scale, which indicates a homothetic production function. We also find that the ratio of factor shares is constant with time, consistent with the Cobb-Douglas production function.We conclude that the underlying form of the production function is the same at the level of both the firm and the economy. Our analysis demonstrates how the application of production theory to the production of information services can yield useful insights from both a theoretical and managerial perspective.
Interactions of syndecan-1 and heparin with human collagens

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-collagen interactions play important roles in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix assembly; however, the chemical bases for these interactions are not fully understood. We have used affinity co-electrophoresis (ACE) (Lee, M.K. and Lander, A.D., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 88, 2768-2772, 1991) to study the binding of the heparan sulphate proteoglycan syndecan-1 and heparin to human collagens. [35S]Syndecan-1 [from normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells] and low-M(r) (approximately 6 kDa) [125I]heparin were subjected to electrophoresis through agarose gel lanes containing human collagens at various concentrations, and binding affinities were measured from shifts in migration of the labelled materials. Results demonstrate that the affinities of each collagen for syndecan-1 and low-M(r) heparin were similar, and followed the order: type V >> type IV approximately type III approximately type I > type VI >> type II, and ranged in Kd from approximately 10(-8) to approximately 3 x 10(-6) M. These data suggest that syndecan-1 and heparin may contain similar collagen-binding determinants. It was also found that the same heparin subpopulation was selectively bound with high affinity by each of the collagens. The published amino acid sequences of the six collagens were examined for what are thought to be heparin-binding consensus sequences (Cardin, A.D. and Weintraub, H.J.R., Arteriosclerosis, 9, 21-32, 1989). The presence of such sequences did not correlate with affinity for heparin or syndecan-1, and collagens I, II and III lacked such sequences entirely. The data suggest that collagens may use novel types of binding sites to interact with GAGs.
MASS TRANSFER AND KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A COLLAGEN‐β‐GALACTOSIDASE (Aspergillus niger) REACTOR

As a prelude to an eventual pilot plant scale-up of the collagen-β-galaotosidase system, mass transfer, kinetic, pH and temperature profiles were completed. The diffusional studies proved useful in elucidating the role of internal and external mass transfer in the collagen system. External mass transfer was negligible for a residence time in the range of 41.2 to 4.1 × 10−3 min or a flow rate of 48–495 ml/min. Internal transport influence increased with increasing film thickness. A thin film (0.4 mil or 10.16 × 10−3 mm) produced the highest activity per gram of complex. It is not advisable to use a film thinner than 0.4 mil with a bench-top reactor since the film will lack sufficient mechanical strength. Separate pH and temperature profiles were obtained with respective optima being 3.5 and 55°C. An activation energy of 10.7 kcal/mole was calculated by means of an Arrhenius plot. A kinetic study showed that the Michaelis constants for both the immobilized and soluble β-galactosidase were similar, 0.066 and 0.060M, respectively.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor dosing in pegylated interferon alpha-induced neutropenia and its impact on outcome of anti-HCV therapy.

Summary. Many patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection undergoing treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-alpha) and ribavirin develop neutropenia requiring dose reduction or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) supplement. We analysed the database of patients who completed treatment for chronic HCV infection between 2003 and 2006. Patients with absolute neutrophil counts below 1000 cells/μL were initiated on G-CSF (G-CSF group) while a matching group of patients who received anti-HCV treatment without developing neutropenia were used as a control group (non-G-CSF group). Patients on the G-CSF arm were divided into two subgroups based on the timing of G-CSF administration relative to PEG-IFN-alpha administration. Of the 163 patients with HCV infection, 30 patients received G-CSF, most of who were maintained on 300 μg of G-CSF once a week. Administration of G-CSF 2 days before or after each dose of PEG-IFN-alpha did not make a significant difference in the neutrophil counts. In the G-CSF arm, 23 of 30 patients (77%) had undetectable end-of-treatment viral response which was comparable with 27 of 30 in the control group (90%; P = 0.17). There was no statistically significant difference in the sustained viral response between the two groups (61%vs 76%, P = 0.18). In most patients PEG-IFN-alpha induced neutropenia improved with a once-a-week dose of G-CSF with a comparable virological outcome. Timing of G-CSF administration did not make any significant impact on the patient's neutrophil counts but was better tolerated when given 2 days apart from PEG-IFN-alpha.
Using qualitative methods to assess student trajectories and college impact

Understanding how students navigate their ways to and through higher education could be instructive for those seeking to wisely invest institutional and public resources, foster supportive environments for student development, and cultivate worthwhile partnerships to improve access and enhance student success.
Stathmin 1 and p16INK4A are sensitive adjunct biomarkers for serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma

Objective To credential Stathmin 1 (STMN1) and p16INK4A (p16) as adjunct markers for the diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), and to compare STMN1 and p16 expression in p53-positive and p53-negative STIC and invasive high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).
Parturition following transfer of embryos produced in two media under two oxygen concentrations.

Abstract In vitro-produced blastocysts were transferred singly to 99 Angus crossbred recipients. Culture treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial of medium (KSOM or SOF) and oxygen concentration (5 or 20%). At parturition, birth weight and frame measurement before colostrum intake were recorded. Fetal membranes were collected; distribution and diameter of cotyledons was recorded. Cotyledon surface area was calculated. Culture with 5% O 2 tended to yield smaller birth weights than culture with 20% O 2 (39.7 ± 1.3 kg versus 43.1 ± 1.4 kg; P P 2 had consistently smaller skeletal measurements than those from culture with 5% O 2 . Culture with 20% O 2 significantly increased individual cotyledon areas both overall and in the fetal horn and cotyledon surface area in the fetal horn. Overall, individual cotyledons were 32% larger when culture involved 20% O 2 versus 5% O 2 ; in the fetal horn the increase was 49%. Cotyledon surface area was greater for 20% compared to 5% O 2 culture, though a medium by oxygen interaction was also significant ( P
Chain Dynamics of Poly(oxyethylene) in Nanotubes of α-Cyclodextrin by Solid-State 2H NMR†

Solid-state 2 H NMR spectroscopy was used to examine the chain dynamics of perdeuterated poly(oxyethylene) (d-POE) inside α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) nanotubes. The nanotubes were prepared by aqueous self-assembly of α-CD onto either low-molecular-weight (1.5 kg/mol) or high-molecular-weight (25.8 kg/mol) monodisperse d-POE. At a given temperature, POE chain segments exhibit faster dynamics when included inside the CD nanotubes as compared to the bulk. Even at 150 K, when no large-angle dynamics are detected in bulk POE, evidence for chain motions in the nanotube-confined POE is observed. The 2 H line shapes representing this motion were modeled by a discrete 3-site jump using a In-Gaussian distribution of correlation times. An activation energy of 15 ± 1 kJ/mol was determined and the motion envisioned as gauche defects propagating along the primarily trans chains included within CD nanotubes. As the nanotube length decreased, the jump angle became much less defined and more isotropic motions were observed for POE segments at elevated temperatures (>270 K).
Metabolic effects of i.v. propacetamol, metamizol or external cooling in critically ill febrile sedated patients.

We have measured the metabolic response to sequential administration of propacetamol, metamizol and/or external cooling in 20 febrile patients under sedation and analgesia and during mechanical ventilation. There was no change in temperature (T degree) after propacetamol therapy, whereas after metamizol only a small decrease was noted (from 38.9 (SEM 0.2) to 38.5 (0.3) degrees C; P=0.02). External cooling produced a significant decrease in T degree (39.1 (0.2) to 37.1 (0.2) degrees C; P
Systemic immune response to oral colonization.

The principal aim of this work was to analyze the host systemic immune response to an oral infection of A. viscosus T14V. Previous work bad established a Balb/c mouse model for A. viscosus T14V oral infection. Animals were infected and the splenocyte response to A. viscosus T14V antigens, LPS, and Con A were assessed in the lymphoblast assay. Splenocytes from mice infected with A. viscosus T14V exhibited an altered response pattern to the antigens and mitogens. The responses were enhanced or suppressed when compared to the uninfected control splenocyte response. The effluent celis from a nylon wool column were unresponsive to A. viscosus antigens but LPS did respond to Con A. This response pattern was true for splenocytes from infected and uninfected animals. These results suggest that A. viscosus T14V is a potent immunomodulater when analyzed within the Balb/c mouse model system.
Gestational Age at Term, Delivery Circumstance, and Their Association with Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms.

Background Perinatal characteristics may identify subgroups of term-born children at risk for academic and behavioural difficulties. Using follow-up data from the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study, we subdivided term births according to two potential markers of perinatal risk (gestational age, delivery circumstance) and evaluated their association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods We included children born at term whose mothers completed the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised-Short Form (CPRS-R-S) (n = 610; ages: 3–9 years). The CPRS-R-S yields age and sex-referenced T-scores for the two primary dimensions of ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity) and an ADHD Index that reflects both dimensions. Using general linear models, we evaluated whether: (1) term delivery defined by gestational week (reference: 39–40 weeks), or (2) term delivery circumstance defined by labour onset type and mode of delivery (reference: spontaneous labour, vaginal delivery) was associated with these problems. Results Following adjustment for parity, sociodemographics, and maternal mental health both during pregnancy and at the child follow-up survey, the induced labour plus caesarean group exhibited higher inattention and ADHD Index scores relative to the spontaneous labour, vaginal delivery group (inattention: mean difference = 5.1, 95% CI 0.6, 9.7; ADHD Index: mean difference = 4.1, 95% CI 0.5, 7.8). Findings were primarily driven by male children. Conclusions Among term-born children, only those whose mothers experienced induction of labour that culminated in caesarean delivery exhibited higher levels of ADHD symptoms. Prenatal, antepartum, and/or postnatal factors associated with this delivery profile may reflect increased risk for such problems.
The effect of nonmagnetic 4f resonances on the superconducting transition temperature:ThCe alloys

It is shown that a recent theory due to Kaiser concerning the effect of nonmagnetic resonant states on superconductivity appropriately and accurately describes the dependence of the transition temperatureTc ofThCe alloys on Ce concentration. The parameters describing thef-resonant states in the Anderson model are determined by fitting Kaiser's theory to the data, and reasonable values are obtained. With the assumption that the Hartree-Fock level width remains constant under pressure, it is shown that thef level moves further above the Fermi level as the pressure is increased. This is discussed in relation to recent pressure experiments on La and La compounds containing Ce impurities.
Clinical presentation and outcome of riboflavin transporter deficiency: mini review after five years of experience

Introduction Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is absorbed in the small intestine by the human riboflavin transporters RFVT1 and RFVT3. A third riboflavin transporter (RFVT2) is expressed in the brain. In 2010 it was demonstrated that mutations in the riboflavin transporter genes SLC52A2 (coding for RFVT2) and SLC52A3 (coding for RFVT3) cause a neurodegenerative disorder formerly known as Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere (BVVL) syndrome, now renamed to riboflavin transporter deficiency. Five years after the diagnosis of the first patient we performed a review of the literature to study the presentation, treatment and outcome of patients with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of a riboflavin transporter deficiency.
Brønsted acid catalyzed phosphoramidic acid additions to alkenes: diastereo- and enantioselective halogenative cyclizations for the synthesis of C- and P-chiral phosphoramidates.

The first highly diastereo- and enantioselective additions of a halogen and phosphoramidic acid to unactivated alkenes have been developed, catalyzed by a chiral Bronsted acid. A unique feature of these additions is the opportunity for stereocontrol at two noncontiguous chiral centers, carbon and phosphorus, leading to cyclic P-chiral phosphoramidates. In addition to their inherent value, the phosphoramidates are precursors to enantioenriched epoxy allylamines.
Structural and Labor Productivity Patterns in United States Manufacturing, 1849-1899

Professor Niemi formalizes the existing body of census data for detailed analysis of structural and labor productivity patterns in American manufacturing in the last half of the nineteenth century.
A View of Brain Theory

“Top-down” brain theory (based upon functional analysis of cognitive processes) is distinguished from “bottom-up” brain theory (as might be based on analysis of the dynamics of neural nets). “Cooperative computation” is proposed as a way of providing a style of analysis for studying the interactions of neural subsystems at various levels.
3D filtered backprojection for curved detector axial cone-beam data on a playstation® 3

Increasingly large CT data sets in combination with more sophisticated reconstruction algorithms and data corrections place an expanding burden on computing platforms. Furthermore, traditional processors are increasingly unable to deliver the required performance for processing these CT data sets. Emerging computing platforms such as powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) and the cell broadband engine (CBE) show promise for handling this increased computational burden. In this paper, we report the results of implementing a 3D filtered backprojection algorithm for curved detector axial cone-beam CT data on the CBE. The development platform for this work is a Sony playstationreg 3, which includes a CBE.
Two new species of Swammerdamia from the southern Ural Mountains and southern Siberia (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)

Swammerdamia glaucella sp. n. and S. buraetella sp. n. are described on the basis of material collected from the southern Ural Mountains and southern Siberia. S. glaucella occurs in forest steppe slopes and bushy meadows in two generations from the end of May to the beginning of July and late July. The species is widely distributed in southern Russia and the adjacent regions. S. buraetella is only known from Buryatia where it seems to favour open steppe habitats. The species occurs in two generations from the end of April to the end of May and in July. Both new taxa differ from their known relatives both externally and on the structures of genitalia. The Russian records of Kessleria caflischiella (Frey, 1880) are discussed.
The Costs of Free: Commodification, Bundling and Concentration

Contemporary technology and content markets offer users an abundance of free informational goods. The commodification of IP assets generates efficiency gains by eliminating the deadweight losses inherent to positive pricing of nonrivalrous goods. But commodified informational goods environments are often dominated by a handful of large aggregation and distribution intermediaries or even a single intermediary. These two characteristics are linked. In commodified markets, firms can generate positive revenues by adopting bundling strategies in which zero-price IP goods are distributed with positively priced complementary goods. In particular, firms in digital content markets secure rents under zero-price conditions by establishing dominant positions as “curatorial” intermediaries that supply aggregation and distribution services that reduce users’ search costs while securing user data assets for sale to advertisers. Intermediaries appear to strategically promote commodification, and the associated reallocation of market rents from content producers to content aggregators, through free distribution of content assets and lobbying and litigation activities that favor weak copyright protections. Scale economies, network effects, ecosystem effects, and learning effects tend to promote winner-take-all outcomes in the curatorial intermediary market, potentially resulting in near-term pricing and output distortions in the intermediary services market, and, given the absence of secure IP protections, longer-term output distortions in the content goods market.
Trends in Raw Materials Usage in the Production of Infrastructure and Engineering Devices

Manufacturing may be defined as the sequential application of technical unit operations to increase or convert raw material, or materials, to a high-value added component or device. Therefore consideration of the sustainability of manufacturing must consider the supply of raw materials, and there origin. In the following both the historical use of raw materials over the past century is reviewed and recent trends are examined in detail. Projections for the future are considered. The data show that global demand is experiencing a transition that is larger and occurring more rapidly than that which characterized the boom of the mid-20th century.
The Language of Knowledge in the Decameron

This chapter outlines the peculiar features of the Decameron’s language of knowledge and describes Boccaccio’s attitude towards philosophy. By framing Boccaccio’s work within the exemplum tradition and wisdom literature, the Introduction illustrates the elements of novelty as well as the lines of an epistemological interpretation of the Decameron.
Informatics and machine learning to define the phenotype.

Introduction: For the past decade, the focus of complex disease research has been the genotype. From technological advancements to the development of analysis methods, great progress has been made....
Finding reward in risk

I was in my first full professorship, spending long hours in the lab and focused on publishing my research. I was doing everything I had been taught to do in a traditional academic setting, exactly the way I had been taught to do it. I loved my field and was proud of my work. I should have been