cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secondary traumatic stress of service providers who practice with survivors of family or sexual violence: A national survey of social workers

Past research demonstrates that professionals helping survivors of family violence or sexual assault are at risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress. Although social workers frequently provide services to these families, the risk of exhibiting secondary traumatic stress symptoms has rarely been investigated. Using a national sample (N >= 154), this research project examines the prevalence and severity of secondary traumatic stress among social workers who assist survivors of family violence or sexual assault. Implications for social work practice are also discussed.
The Dance of the Signifier: Jacques Lacan and Marguerite Duras's Le Ravissement De Lol V. Stein

(1997). The Dance of the Signifier: Jacques Lacan and Marguerite Duras's Le Ravissement De Lol V. Stein. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 186-201.
Clinical relevance of magnetic resonance imaging in cervical spine clearance: a prospective study.

Importance A missed cervical spine (CS) injury can have devastating consequences. When CS injuries cannot be ruled out clinically using the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study low-risk criteria because of either a neurologic deficit or pain, the optimal imaging modality for CS clearance remains controversial. Objective To investigate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CS clearance. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective observational study was conducted from January 1, 2010, through May 31, 2011, at a level I trauma center. Participants included 830 adults who were awake, alert, and able to be examined who experienced blunt trauma with resultant midline CS tenderness and/or neurologic deficits and were undergoing CT of the CS. Initial examinations, all CS imaging results, interventions, and final CS diagnoses were documented. The criterion standard for the sensitivity and specificity calculations was final diagnosis of CS injury at the time of discharge. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinically significant CS injuries, defined as injuries requiring surgical stabilization or halo placement. Results Overall, 164 CS injuries (19.8%) were diagnosed, and 23 of these (2.8%) were clinically significant. All clinically significant injuries were detected by CT. Fifteen of 681 patients (2.2%) with a normal CT scan had a newly identified finding on MRI; however, none of the injuries required surgical intervention or halo placement. There was no change in management on the basis of MRI findings. The sensitivity and specificity of CT for detecting CS injury was 90.9% and 100%, respectively. For clinically significant CS injuries, the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 100%. Conclusions and Relevance Computed tomography is effective in the detection of clinically significant CS injuries in adults deemed eligible for evaluation who had a neurologic deficit or CS pain. Magnetic resonance imaging does not provide any additional clinically relevant information.
Improved water capture and erosion reduction through furrow diking

Abstract Crop production in Georgia and the Southeastern U.S. can be limited by water; thus, supplemental irrigation is often needed to sustain profitable crop production. Increased water capture would efficiently improve water use and reduce irrigation amounts and other input costs, thus improving producer's profit margin. We quantified water capturing and erosional characteristics of furrow diking by comparing runoff (R) and soil loss (E) from furrow diked (DT) and non-furrow diked tilled (CT) systems. A field study (Faceville loamy sand, Typic Kandiudult) was established (2006 and 2007) near Dawson, GA with DT and CT systems managed to irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Treatments included: DT vs. CT; DT with and without shank (+/− S); and rainfall simulation performed (0, 60 days after tillage, DAT). Simulated rainfall (50 mm h−1 for 1 h) was applied to all 2 m × 3 m plots (n = 3). All runoff and E were measured from each flat, level sloping 6-m2 plot (slope = 1%). Compared to CT, DT decreased R and E by 14–28% and 2.0–2.8 times, respectively. Compared to DT − S, DT + S decreased R and E by 17–56% and 26% to 2.1 times, respectively. Compared to sealed/crusted soil conditions at 60 DAT, simulating rainfall on a freshly tilled seedbed condition (DAT = 0) decreased R by 69% to 3.4 times and increased E by 27%. DT0 + S + RF0 plots (best-case scenario) had 2.8 times less R, and 2.6 times less E than CT − S + RF60 plots (worst-case). Based on $1.17 ha-mm−1 to pump irrigation water and $18.50 ha−1 for DT, a producer in the Coastal Plain region of Georgia would recover cost of DT by saving the first 16 ha-mm of water. The DT + S system is a cost-effective management practice for producers in Georgia and the Southeastern U.S. that positively impacts natural resource conservation, producer profit margins, and environmental quality.
Initial value problems for creeping flow of Maxwell fluids

Abstract We consider the flow of nonlinear Maxwell fluids in the unsteady quasistatic case, where the effect of inertia is neglected. We study the well-posedness of the resulting PDE initial-boundary value problem locally in time. This well-posedness depends on the unique solvability of an elliptic boundary value problem. We first present results for the 3D case with sufficiently small initial data and for a simple shear flow problem with arbitrary initial data; after that we extend our results to some 3D flow problems with large initial data. We solve our problem using an iteration between linear subproblems. The limit of the iteration provides the solution of our original problem.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cyclic Nucleotide Alterations in the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Attempts to explain the mechanisms responsible for the various neurologic manifestations of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the neurochemical and purinergic derangements that exist in the central nervous systems of these boys. We have serially monitored cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 4 subjects with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome to investigate the correlation of clinical neurologic manifestations with either excesses or deficiencies of monoamine transmitter or purine metabolites. We have previously reported our findings of altered monoamine metabolites in the Lesch-Nyhan spinal fluids (1) as well as the correlation of these abnormalities with elevations of purine bases in the CSF (2). Other spinal fluid studies in these patients addressed the effect of allopurinol therapy on spinal fluid levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine (3). We have extended our inquiry into the abnormalities of Lesch-Nyhan spinal fluid by measuring cyclic nucleotide (cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP) levels.
AMERICAN HIGHER EDUCATION AND OLDER PEOPLE

The paper discusses the American system of higher education and its relationship to older people. Traditionally, the university has not responded to the needs of older people because of its inherent youth and occupational orientation. Sections are devoted to a more innovative response to the educational needs of older people.
Review on silver wire bonding

Cu wire bonding has been adopted fast in the past few years in semiconductor industry and has displaced Au wire bonding a significant percentage owing to low cost of Cu wire. However, there are some concerns raised due to high hardness of Cu FAB and corrosion of Cu-Al IMC at HAST reliability test. These drawbacks constrain the application of Cu wire in some area, like stacked-die package, die-to-die wire bonding, and LED assembly. Ag, a softer material in nature, is a good candidate to displace Cu as an alternative low cost bonding wire. There are various compositions of alloyed Ag wire proposed, basically they can be categorized into three groups: (1) Au wire alloyed with Ag, (2) high purity Ag-alloy wire, and (3) low purity Ag-alloy wire. This paper will review the recent researches on the three types of the wires bonded to Al, Au and Pd metal pads, IMC formation, and reliability performance. Comparison to Au wire will be addressed. Effect of Pd addition on the reliability performance and Silver migration will be discussed as well.
Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging: A Customer's Perspective

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be a promising solution for current gas shortage and emission problems. To maximize the benefits of using EVs, regulated and optimized charging control needs to be provided by load aggregators for connected vehicles. An EV charging network is a typical cyber-physical system, which includes a power grid and a large number of EVs and aggregators that collect information and control the charging procedure. In this paper, we studied EV charging scheduling problems from a customer's perspective by jointly considering the aggregator's revenue and customers' demands and costs. We considered two charging scenarios: static and dynamic. In the static charging scenario, customers' charging demands are provided to the aggregator in advance; however, in the dynamic charging scenario, an EV may come and leave at any time, which is not known to the aggregator in advance. We present linear programming (LP)-based optimal schemes for the static problems and effective heuristic algorithms for the dynamic problems. The dynamic scenario is more realistic; however, the solutions to the static problems can be used to show potential revenue gains and cost savings that can be brought by regulated charging and, thus, can serve as a benchmark for performance evaluation. It has been shown by extensive simulation results based on real electricity price and load data that significant revenue gains and cost savings can be achieved by optimal charging scheduling compared with an unregulated baseline approach, and moreover, the proposed dynamic charging scheduling schemes provide close-to-optimal solutions.
The many faces of F stars - A rotational modulation study of Capella, Procyon, and Caph with the International Ultraviolet Explorer

Far-UV spectroscopy of the F stars Capella, Procyon, and Caph is reported. Although all three stars are regard as chromospherically 'active', none exhibited any sensible rotational modulations, indicating a smooth surface distribution of chromospheric emission. Balancing this nonsolar behavior are a variety of puzzling differences among the three stars. On the one hand, the C IV features of Procyon are narrow, while that of the Capella secondary and Caph are broad; differences in v sin i alone cannot explain the dichotomy. On the other hand, the high-excitation emissions of the Capella secondary and Procyon, but not Caph, exhibit statistically significant redshifts. The significance of these results is discussed in the light of the speculation by Simon and Drake (1989) that the X-ray deficient coronae of the early F dwarfs are produced by classical acoustic heating.
843 EFFECT OF VINCRISTINE UPON YEAST PHAGOCYTOSIS BY NEUTROPHIILS IN EEUKEMIC CHILDREN DURING REMISSION

During remission, patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may develop fungal infections. We investigated the possible contribution of drug-induced neutrophil (PMN) dysfunction to such infections before and after a single dose of vin-cristine (VCR) in 9 leukemic children in remission. At the time of “pulse” therapy, PMN yeast phagocytosis was performed before, 1 hour after and 24 hours after injection of VCR (2 mg/M2). Prednisone was omitted for 24 hours. Baker's yeast (Candida saccharomyces) phatocytosis was determined by a cytochemical technique. Slides were coded and read in blind fashion. Seven normal adults served as controls. Results are reported as number of yeast particles per 200 PMN (x ± SE). Yeast phagocytosis before VCR injection in ALL patients (865 ± 47) was not significantly lower than in the controls (948 ± 46, P > 0.1). Results obtained 1 hour (715 ± 67) and 24 hours (632 ± 63) after VCR administration showed a progressive and significant decrease in phagocytosis as compared with pre-VCR values (P < 0.025). In ALL patients during remission a significant defect in yeast phagocytosis develops immediately after VCR administration; this defect progresses further in the next 24 hours and may contribure to the propensity toward fungal infections observed in some patients.
Exciplex dynamics and emission from nonbonding energy levels in electronic polymer blends and bilayers

Photoexcited bound exciplexes generated at interfaces in bilayers and blends of hole and electron transporting polymers are unusual and differ from bound excitons formed by photoexcitations of bulk polymers. We present a unique exciplex system we found present for interfaces involving a π molecular orbital on one polymer with a nonbonding N-orbital on another polymer. The exciplex emission occurs in an unexpected energy region intermediate to that of emission of each of the isolated layers. Our data show that the photophysics of this exciplex differs from that of excimers and aggregates. The exciplex emission has greater similarity to exciton emission than excimer emission, reflecting the role of symmetry breaking at the interface of two dissimilar polymers. We present the first temperature and wavelength dependent studies of exciplex photoluminescence decays and propose a model based on the unique role of the nonbonding orbital in these N-containing polymers. We demonstrate that this type of exciplex is characteristic of a broad class of materials.
The fully-active nature of synthetic and hydrolytic activities of glucose-6-phosphatase of intact nuclear membrane.

Abstract Carbamyl-P: glucose phosphotransferase, mannose-6-P: glucose phosphotransferase, and mannose-6-P and glucose-6-P phosphohydrolase activities of D-glucose-6-P phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.9) have been demonstrated in avian and mammalian liver (and kidney) nuclear membrane. In marked contrast with activities of this enzyme of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum (“microsomes”), those of the intact membrane of isolated nuclei are totally, or nearly-totally, manifest without the need for preliminary activation by detergents or similar treatments. Disruption of nuclei and isolation of nuclear membranes results in the acquisition of detergent-sensitivity of such activities. Physiological implications of these observations are discussed.
A modified Benesi titration procedure useful to quantify the Lewis and Brønsted sites of solid acids

Abstract The Benesi method of acid center titration has been modified using dry box techniques so that only 1 g of sample is required to determine the strength distribution of a given sample. Addition of an excess of sterically hindered pyridine to a second 1-g sample, and subsequent titration with n -butylamine using dry box procedures, also allows the strong Lewis acid sites to be quantitatively assessed. By combination of this titration procedure with the modified Benesi procedure the number of Brofnsted sites could be determined accurately. Four classes of solid acids were investigated: γ-alumina, high-silica silica-alumina, fluorided alumina, and WO 3 on Al 2 O 3 .
Cellular basis for inotropic changes in the heart

Cardiac contraction is a highly regulated process that involves nearly every aspect of the cardiac cell function. Many steps in the process are regulated by the cell to optimize contraction, and these can often be modified to benefit the patient with heart damage. These include the action potential, calcium channels, release and uptake of cellular calcium, sensitivity of contractile proteins to calcium, and energy utilization. A dramatic expansion of our understanding of these cellular contractile and regulatory processes gives us an unprecedented opportunity to devise new ways of modifying cardiac contraction to the benefit of our patients.
Generation of a locomotory rhythm by a neural network with recurrent cyclic inhibition

An oscillatory intersegmental neuronal network drives the swimming rhythm of the leech. This network consists of interneurons joined via inhibitory connections to form a series of segmentally iterated, concatenated rings. Recurrent cyclic inhibition in these rings produces a multiphasic activity rhythm. By theoretical analysis of such concatenated interneuronal rings and construction of their electronic analogs it is shown that the interneural network identified in the central nervous system of the leech has properties appropriate for generating the observed motor output.
Structural characterization of the coordination behavior of 4,4′-di-methoxy,2,2′-di-ol-benzophenone modified metal alkoxides

Abstract For the first time, the coordination behavior of the 4,4′-di-methoxy,2,2′-di-ol-benzophenone (H2-OBzP) ligand with a series of early transition metal alkoxides (Group 4, 5, and 6) was determined to adopt either the ‘bridging, chelating bridging’ (μ,μc-OBzP) or the ‘bichelating bridging’ (μc2-OBzP) arrangement. The main products were found to be dimeric with pseudo-octahedral (Oh) bound metal centers. The μ,μc-OBzP mode was noted for the larger cations (Hf, Nb, and Ta) and the solvated smallest (Ti/py) whereas the μc2-OBzP coordination was observed for the larger Group 4 metal congeners: [(py)(OPri)2Ti(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (1), ‘{[(OBut)2Ti(μ-OBut)]2(μc2-OBzP)}n’ (2), [(ONep)2Ti(μ-ONep)]2(μc2-OBzP) (3), [(OBut)2Zr(μ-OBut)]2(μc2-OBzP) (4), [(MeIm)2(ONep)2Zr(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (5), [(ONep)2Zr(μc2-OBzP)(μ-ONep)(μ3-O)Zr(ONep)]2 (5a), [(OBut)2Hf(μc2-OBzP)]2 (6), ‘{[(ONep)2Hf(μ,μc-OBzP)]2·py}n’ (7), ‘{[(OEt)3Nb(μ,μc-OBzP)]2}n’ (8), [(ONep)3Nb(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (9), [(OEt)3Ta(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (10), [(ONep)3Ta(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (11), and [(OEt)2(O)W(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (12), [(ONep)2W(O)(μ,μc-OBzp)]2 (13), [(py)(O)2W(μ,μc-OBzP)]2 (13a), and [(Me2Al(μ,2μc-OBzP)Al(py)2] (14) where Me = CH3, OEt = OCH2CH3, OPri = OCHMe2, OBut = OCMe3, ONep = OCH2CMe3, py = pyridine, MeIm = 1-methyl imidazole, and 2μc-refers to the chelation occurs on the same metal. Compounds 2, 7, and 8 are represented by quotation marks since they could not be crystallographically characterized, however, their structural arrangements were deduced from the FTIR spectroscopic data. The coordination mode of the OBzP ligand for 1–13 appears to be driven by the need to fill the Oh geometry, which is achieved by either binding solvent molecules or additional bridging ligands, dictated by the charge and size of the cations employed. The metal alkyl alkoxide compound 14 employs a unique μ,2μc-OBzP mode, yielding a +2/+4 charge separated molecular Al complex.
WISC Performance Under Incentive Conditions: Case Report.

A young girl whose WISC performance had declined from the normal to the moderately retarded range of intellectual ability over a 2-yr. period but who continued to function within the normal range in non-testing situations, was reinforced for giving correct answers on a readministration of the WISC. Monetary reward was effective in reestablishing WISC performance within the normal range. Some implications of this finding were discussed.
Redistribution of the Hemidesmosome Components α6β4 Integrin and Bullous Pemphigoid Antigens during Epithelial Wound Healing

As basal cells of stratified squamous epithelia become migratory in response to wounding, they lose their cell-substrate adhesion junctions, the hemidesmosomes. We report here studies to determine the fate of the hemidesmosome components, alpha 6 beta 4 integrin and the bullous pemphigoid antigens (BPAGs), as recognized by bullous pemphigoid autoantisera (BPA), in migrating epithelium. In addition, we report studies to determine whether relative synthesis and amount of alpha 6 beta 4 is altered during migration. Mouse corneas with 1.5- to 2-mm-diameter central epithelial debridements were allowed to heal in vitro or in vivo for 1-18 h. In order to do preembedding immunoelectron microscopic localization of alpha 6 beta 4, sheets of stationary and migrating corneal epithelium were removed from their basal laminae after organ culture. BPA and antibodies to alpha 6 and beta 4 were used for immunofluorescence microscopy on frozen sections of intact corneas healing in vivo 1-18 h. Both alpha 6 and beta 4 were found to redistribute from their clustered location within hemidesmosomes to a more even distribution within the substrate-associated membrane of basal cells of the tip of the leading edge of migrating epithelium. Behind the tip of the leading edge, basal cells bound the integrin antibodies around their entire membrane. BPAGs moved from their location along the basal cell membrane of stationary epithelium to a diffuse location within the cytoplasm of migrating cells at the leading edge of migration. Quantitative immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting of alpha 6 beta 4 as well as beta 1 integrin from stationary and migrating epithelium were done to determine whether the synthesis or total amount of the integrins were altered during migration. The relative syntheses of alpha 6 beta 4 and beta 1 per milligram of protein or per cell do not appear to differ between stationary and migrating epithelium and the total amount of the beta 4 and beta 1 does not change despite increased rates of protein synthesis in migrating epithelium. Taken together, these studies suggest that as hemidesmosomes disassemble, their clustered integrin component distributes more evenly in the basal cell membrane, the components recognized by BPA and associated with intermediate filaments are released from the membrane, and these events occur in the absence of any measurable change in the synthesis or total amount of the alpha 6 beta 4 component.
Chlamydiae Modulate Gamma Interferon, Interleukin-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Receptor Expression in HeLa Cells

Chlamydia psittaci was found to modulate receptor expression for the cytokine receptors that are involved in the synergistic induction of indoleamine dioxygenase in epithelial cells. Increases in receptor expression were seen even with inactivated Chlamydia, suggesting that chlamydial antigens and not products of infection are important for up-regulating cytokine receptor expression.
On the Optical Meaning of the Orientation Laws

It is clear that the motor apparatus of the visual organ must match its sensory apparatus as the shell does the egg. Whether one assumes that both are arranged according to a wise plan, or that they have developed with one another and through one another in naturally necessary ways through the animal series, in any case the capabilities of one must bespeak the demands of the other. It follows that the eye muscles are practical, as they indeed are, and that it is not so much that we have become accustomed to our twelve eye muscles in the progress of our individual lives, but that the mode of eye movement is not solely the result of a free will directed by specific demands of the sense of sight. On the contrary, its important movements are predetermined by the inborn muscle system.
Utilizing Iodine to Image Alligator Soft Tissue Structures With Micro-CT

Micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) is utilized to image tissues that can attenuate x-rays (e.g. bone), however it also has the ability to image soft tissue with application of a contrast agen...
“Be it Resolved that Structured Debate Not Consensus Ought to form the Epistemic Cornerstone of OR/MS”: A Reaction to Ackoff's Note on Systems Science

As is so often the case, Russell Ackoff has put before us a most challenging and provocative series of proposals which in my opinion have not received the proper responses due them. I am referring of course to Ackoff's recent suggestion that if the election of a TIMS president is to be anything more than a contest of personalities then candidates for the presidency ought to run on a substantial issue, a platform [Ackoff, Russell L. 1972. Open letter to TIMS members. Interfaces2 4, August 42]. I am also referring to his suggestion “that TIMS [Transform] itself into The Institute of Systems Sciences” [Ackoff, Russell L. 1972. Open letter to TIMS members. Interfaces2 4, August 43]. While these two suggestions are not identical with one another and do not necessarily imply one another, they are not necessarily completely independent of one another either. An attitude toward the one will be indicative and expressive of an attitude toward the other, particularly given the dramatic way in which Ackoff has put the two. Granting that this is the case, it is nevertheless my intention to confine myself more to the former suggestion than to the latter. Indeed, I think the fate of the former suggestion is crucial to the fate of the latter.
Pan-genome analyses identify lineage- and niche-specific markers of evolution and adaptation in Epsilonproteobacteria

The rapidly increasing availability of complete bacterial genomes has created new opportunities for reconstructing bacterial evolution, but it has also highlighted the difficulty to fully understand the genomic and functional variations occurring among different lineages. Using the class Epsilonproteobacteria as a case study, we investigated the composition, flexibility, and function of its pan-genomes. Models were constructed to extrapolate the expansion of pan-genomes at three different taxonomic levels. The results show that, for Epsilonproteobacteria the seemingly large genome variations among strains of the same species are less noticeable when compared with groups at higher taxonomic ranks, indicating that genome stability is imposed by the potential existence of taxonomic boundaries. The analyses of pan-genomes has also defined a set of universally conserved core genes, based on which a phylogenetic tree was constructed to confirm that thermophilic species from deep-sea hydrothermal vents represent the most ancient lineages of Epsilonproteobacteria. Moreover, by comparing the flexible genome of a chemoautotrophic deep-sea vent species to (1) genomes of species belonging to the same genus, but inhabiting different environments, and (2) genomes of other vent species, but belonging to different genera, we were able to delineate the relative importance of lineage-specific versus niche-specific genes. This result not only emphasizes the overall importance of phylogenetic proximity in shaping the variable part of the genome, but also highlights the adaptive functions of niche-specific genes. Overall, by modeling the expansion of pan-genomes and analyzing core and flexible genes, this study provides snapshots on how the complex processes of gene acquisition, conservation, and removal affect the evolution of different species, and contribute to the metabolic diversity and versatility of Epsilonproteobacteria.
Dynamic shape transformations of fluid vesicles

We incorporate a volume-control algorithm into a recently developed one-particle-thick mesoscopic fluid membrane model to study vesicle shape transformation under osmotic conditions. Each coarse-grained particle in the model represents a cluster of lipid molecules and the inter-particle interaction potential effectively captures the dual character of fluid membranes as elastic shells with out-of-plane bending rigidity and 2D viscous fluids with in-plane viscosity. The osmotic pressure across the membrane is accounted for by an external potential, where the instantaneous volume of the vesicles is calculated via a local triangulation algorithm. Through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we mapped out a phase diagram of the equilibrium vesicle shapes in the space of spontaneous curvature and reduced vesicle volume. The produced equilibrium vesicle shapes agree strikingly well with previous experimental data. We further found that the vesicle shape transformation pathways depend on the volume change rate of the vesicle, which manifests the role of dynamic relaxation of internal stresses in vesicle shape transformations. Besides providing an efficient numerical tool for the study of membrane deformations, our simulations shed light on eliciting desired cellular functions via experimental control of membrane configurations.
The Maxwell Finland Lecture: For the Duration— Rational Antibiotic Administration in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clostridium difficile

Antimicrobial resistance is frequently associated with clinical use of antibiotics. This close association suggests that efforts to manage our use of these potent agents can have an impact on the prevalence of resistance. Unfortunately, one size does not fit all when considering the response of bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial exposure. Measures that may prevent resistance in some species (such as using multiple antibiotics to treat tuberculosis) may exacerbate the problem of resistance in others (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii). The simplest approach is to use fewer antibiotics and thereby apply less selective pressure to the prevalent flora. Among available strategies to reduce use, reductions in length of antimicrobial regimens are the safest and are likely to be the most palatable to practicing clinicians. Studies are urgently needed to define minimal lengths of therapy to ensure that efforts at reduced use are safe and effective.
EEG coherence and power during Yogic Flying.

Frontal, central and parietal power and coherence of ten subjects practicing the TM-Sidhi technique of Yogic Flying (YF) were compared to that often controls who jumped from a seated position to approximate hopping during YF. All movement artifacts were removed before signal analyses. The most significant group differences were seen in the 2.12-second period just before lift-off: the YF subjects 30–32Hz power, and theta, alpha, and beta (broad band) coherence were significantly higher than those of the controls'. Within the YF group, the first period's 30–32 Hz power and broad-band coherence were significantly higher than those of the two preceding 2.12-s periods, and of the whole YF period. There were no significant within-group differences in the control group. A similar EEG pattern has been reported during the experience of pure consciousness in TM practice, suggesting that the experience of “pure consciousness” underlies successful TM-Sidhi performance.
Political Strictures and Latex Caricatures in Kenya: Buttressing Mzee Masculinity in The XYZ Show

The Kenyan television program The XYZ Show satirically scrutinizes controversies that surround contemporary political leaders. Through diverse parodies, caricatured puppets engage in humorous scenarios designed to challenge the authority of politicians. This article discusses how XYZ utilizes elements of Kenyan society that are already marginalized to critique the legitimacy of male political leaders. The discussion focuses on the show’s representation of the politician as hip hop artist, wife, and homosexual and how these portrayals attack the politicians’ masculinity and are a central tactic in questioning their authority and aptitude. Postcolonial discourses of political power have coalesced around the constructed figure of the mzee , or male elder, and the show depends on these historical formations to challenge male leaders. By yoking concepts that are already socially othered, like rap artists and feminized males, these critiques paradoxically reinforce elder masculinity as a normative attribute of political leadership.
Rapid Determination of Dough Optimum Mixing Time for Early Generation Wheat Breeding Lines Using FT-HATR Infrared Spectroscopy

The traditional method in the United States for screening hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines is based on the optimum mix- ing time (MT), an important rheological property of a wheat fl our-water (dough) system typically obtained from the mixograph. This method is time consuming and requires some degree of subjective interpretation, especially with regard to mixing tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of Fourier trans- form horizontal attenuated total refl ectance (FT-HATR) spectroscopy to objectively predict optimum MT in doughs from a short-duration mixing cycle (1 min). A total of 55 hard winter wheat fl ours with varying protein contents and MTs were scanned in the amide III region of the mid-infrared by FT-HATR immediately after being mixed 1 min with a mixograph. Regres- sion analysis of the ratio of the band areas at 1336 cm -1 (α-helix) and 1242 cm -1 (β sheet) ver- sus optimum MT as determined by the mixo- graph showed a quadratic response with an R 2 value of 0.81. Results from this study indicate that optimum MT could be predicted early in the mixing process based on changes in the second- ary structure of the dough protein (gluten). This method could provide the basis for new tech- nology to rapidly and accurately screen wheat samples in early generation breeding lines, thus saving considerable time and expense in the development of new cultivars.
Experimental Parelaphostrongylus andersoni infections in white-tailed deer.

Gross and microscopic lesions caused by Pureluphostrongyli,ss undersoni were studied in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiunus) infected with large (lo00 or 5000) and moderate (2W356) numbers of third-stage larvae. In heavy infections, adult worms caused eosinophilic myositis in the loin and thigh. Masses of eosinophils underwent caseous necrosis surrounded by a granulomatous border. Adult worms, eggs, and larvae were in the lesions. Muscle damage caused by moderate doses was slight. One deer given a moderate dose maintained a patent infection for more than 1 year and was reinfected. Gross lung damage caused by eggs and larvae occurred with both degrees of infection and consisted of firm miliary nodules. Microscopically, the main changes were granulomatous encapsulation of eggs and first-stage larvae in alveolar capillaries, accumulations of eosi- nophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells in the adjacent alveolar septa, congestion, and interstitial pneumonia. Two species of elaphostrongylid lungworms, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Dougherty 1945) and Pureluphostrongylus andersoni Prestwood 1972, com- monly infect white-tailed deer in the southeastern United States (12, 131. These parasites are unique in that adults are in sites remote to the lungs and deposit eggs into the circulatory system, which carries them to the lungs as emboli. Adult P. tenuis are in the subdural spaces and venous sinuses of the cerebral meninges. The pathogenesis of infection in the usual and unusual host has been reviewed (3). In contrast, adult P. andersoni are in the loin and thigh muscles of white-tailed deer. Little is known of their pathogenicity. This paper reports clinical and covert disease caused by P. undersoni in white-tailed deer.
Electric Field Probes for Quantitative Moisture Measurements in Building Materials

Three novel capacitance techniques for making moisture measurements in insulated roof systems are being studied at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). These are designated as the ''Pin Probe,'' the ''Thermocouple Probe,'' and the ''Planar Probe.'' The Pin Probe, developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), consists of two parallel lines of straight pins as the two probe electrodes. This is an intrusive probe that must be mounted within the system being tested. The Thermocouple Probe is also intrusive. Its use assumes that thermocouple junctions exist at known locations in the specimen for temperature measurements. The probe electronics allows high frequency capacitance measurements between thermocouples without interfering with their temperature measurement function. The third probe, the Planar Probe, is non-intrusive and consists of a series of equally spaced plate electrodes in a box that sits on the surface of the roof. These electrodes provide several independent electrical signals from overlapping depths within the roof system. An analysis procedure was developed to identify the electrical properties of successively deeper layers of material. Prototypes of each of these probes have been constructed and promising preliminary data are available. Probe calibration, circuit stability, and range of applicability are major outstanding issues thatmore » must still be addressed. 6 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.« less
Seeded Growth from Twinned and Untwinned Abnormal Grains of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–35 mol% PbTiO3 in a Matrix Containing PbO Additions

The growth of abnormal grains of PMN–35PT containing Σ3 twin boundaries was compared with that of untwinned abnormal grains of PMN–35PT. It was thought that the twinned abnormal grains might have a growth advantage because of the presence of reentrant edges. The aforementioned types of grains were embedded in a PMN–35PT polycrystalline matrix with 3 vol% excess PbO, and grown by annealing in an oxygen atmosphere at 1150°C for varying times. It was found that abnormal grains containing Σ3 boundaries showed a comparable degree of growth to that of the untwinned grains. Furthermore, for the twinned seed crystals, the extent of growth was independent of whether there was any initial entrapped porosity within the abnormal grain.
Information caching for delivery of personalized video programs on home entertainment channels

The synergy between computing and information systems promises to herald a new epoch in which users not only have access to mundane services, such as television, radio, and telephones, but they also have access to an entirely new variety of entertainment services that are automatically customized to suit their individual needs. The authors explore the architectural considerations that underlie the realization of personalized multimedia entertainment services over metropolitan-area broadband networks, and devise near-optimal information caching strategies to determine when, where, and for how long video programs must be cached, so as to minimize the cumulative storage and network costs borne by users. >
Retrobulbar vasculature using 7-T magnetic resonance imaging with dedicated eye surface coil

To determine the resolution and utility of using a dedicated, single-loop eye coil at 7 T to image the posterior ocular structures and vascular anatomy. Imaging was performed on eight subjects (age range 26–54 years, four female, four male) with 7 T using a transmit head coil for excitation and a dedicated 5-cm eye surface receive coil. Acquisition parameters at 7 T for 3D spoiled gradient echo (3D-SPGR) sequences were optimized. It was possible to delineate the retina, sclera, and choroid, and fine details within the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Retro-orbital and posterior ocular anatomy remained well visualized despite motion and susceptibility artifacts of anterior ocular structures. The ophthalmic arteries and their first-order branches were consistently visualized and improved with registration and summation of repeat scans. Furthermore, the central retinal vessels could be visualized. Intravenous gadolinium contrast reagent did not noticeably improve image quality. High-resolution 7-T MRI with a dedicated eye coil can provide unique high-resolution noninvasive images of retro-orbital and posterior ocular structural and vascular anatomy and is able to resolve structures as small as the central retina vein.
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Therapy and Promising New Regimens

In this review, we cover current therapy and promising new regimens and highlight areas where improvement is needed in the management of small cell lung cancer.
Generic common minor expansions

A classical variation on the Laplace expansion theorem relates the product of the determinant of a matrix and one of its fixed submatrices to an expansion by minors. This paper explores the extensions of this highly combinatorial result to generic matrix functions. The principal tool is the shuffle product. These ideas are used to extend the corresponding classical results for determinants and to study the case of permanents. An application is given to the problem of characterizing the actions (as differential operators) of exterior powers of the classical Cayley operators. The resulting identities involve hook length products of frames of integral partitions and generalize classical results of Cayley concerning the action of determinantal differential operators on polynomial functions of generic determinants.
Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly

Systolic hypertension is a major health economy problem within our aging society. Increased arterial stiffness is the vascular phenotype of systolic hypertension, especially of the large arteries. Elevated systolic blood pressure is even more associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than diastolic blood pressure. Treatment of systolic hypertension in the elderly should be based on nonpharmacological measures and medical therapy if the systolic hypertension cannot be controlled by conservative therapy alone. The HYVET study provided evidence-based medicine data showing that, in the very elderly, lowering blood pressure to a level of 150/80 mmHg is still very beneficial. Antihypertensive therapy needs to be tailored in the elderly because of comorbid conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, renal insufficiency and diabetes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers should be considered in combination with diuretics or with a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. β-blockers seem to be less effective for cardiovascular disease protection in comparison with other antihypertensive drug classes, such as diuretics, dihydropyridines, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II-receptor blockers. Major effort is required to reduce the therapeutic inertia and increase therapeutic adherence for better blood pressure control in the elderly with systolic hypertension.
Signal amplification, detection and transmission in a wireless 100-electrode neural recording system

We are developing a fully-implantable neural recording system with wireless power and data transfer. As part of this system, we have developed a low-power integrated circuit that performs power rectification and regulation, reception of configuration data, neural signal amplification and filtering, spike detection, neural signal digitization and RF transmission. The chip includes 88 amplifiers having a gain of 60 dB from 1 to 5 kHz. An integrated ADC operates at 15 kSamples/sec with 9-bit resolution. A 433-MHz RF transmitter uses FSK modulation to transmit one digitized neural signal and spike detection data from all channels. Total power consumption is 13.5 mW.
Optimizing carbon nanotube contacts for use in organic photovoltaics

Transparent electrical contacts (TCs) play an important role in thin film photovoltaics (PV), including in organic devices (OPV). OPV devices have different TC requirements than traditional thin film devices, due to the need to make them flexible, cost and manufacturing constraints, and the potential benefits that may be realized from using a hole conducting TC. Additionally, the active layer in an OPV device is far thinner than in an inorganic “thin-film” device, causing TC morphology to have a significant effect on device performance. Here, we present data on optimizing carbon nanotube networks for use as TCs in OPV. We look at network deposition techniques and required post-treatment methods along with electrical, optical, and morphological data to devise a fabrication process for a high quality network that is compatible with OPV device production.
The Ski2-family helicase Obelus regulates Crumbs alternative splicing and cell polarity

Alternative splicing can have profound consequences for protein activity, but the functions of most alternative splicing regulators are not known. We show that Obelus, a conserved Ski2-family helicase, is required for cell polarity and adherens junction organization in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. In obelus mutants, epithelial cells display an expanded apical domain, aggregation of adherens junctions at the cell membrane, and microtubule-dependent defects in centrosome positioning. Through whole-genome transcriptome analysis, we found that Obelus is required for the alternative splicing of a small number of transcripts in the early embryo, including the pre-mRNA that encodes the apical polarity protein Crumbs. In obelus mutants, inclusion of an alternative exon results in increased expression of a Crumbs isoform that contains an additional epidermal growth factor–like repeat in the extracellular domain. Overexpression of this alternative Crumbs isoform recapitulates the junctional aggregation and centrosome positioning defects of obelus mutants. These results indicate that regulation of Crumbs alternative splicing by the Obelus helicase modulates epithelial polarity during development.
A Centromere-Signaling Network Underlies the Coordination among Mitotic Events

There is increasing evidence that regulators of the spindle checkpoint, kinetochore–microtubule attachments, and sister chromatid cohesion are part of an interconnected mitotic regulatory circuit with two positive feedback loops and the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) at its center. If true, this conceptual breakthrough needs to be integrated into models of mitosis. In this review, we describe this circuit and point out how the double feedback loops could provide insights into the self-organization of some mitotic processes and the autonomy of every chromosome on the mitotic spindle. We also provide working models for how mitotic events may be coordinated by this circuit.
Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound: Assessing the Risk of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy*

Heart transplantation offers a means to improve longevity and quality of life in patients with end stage heart failure. Although survival following cardiac transplantation improved significantly following the advent of calcineurin inhibitors, the development of vascular disease within the arterial
Operant Control of Pedophilia Reducing Approaches to Children

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of specific instructions and confinement (a modified timeout procedure) for reducing approaches to children by a mildly retarded pedophile. The subject, an individual accused of several sexual offenses, was covertly observed during unstructured walks through the neighbor-hood surrounding his group home residence. Baseline data indicated that the subject approached young females, young males, and "adults" at moderate, highly variable rates. In a multiple-baseline, across responses design, specific instructions and contingent confinement were applied first to approaches toward young females and then to approaches toward young males, with the adult category serving as a control baseline. Instructions consisted of describing approach responses which would result in confinement. Confinement entailed an observer immediately returning the subject to his residence where he was restricted for the remainder of the evening, and cancelling the subject's weekend visiting p...