cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of thermal annealing to remove polymeric residue on the electronic doping and morphological characteristics of graphene

The impact of polymer removal by forming gas and vacuum annealing on the doping, strain, and morphology of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) and mechanically exfoliated (ME) graphene is investigated using Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The behavior of graphene exposed and unexposed to polymer is compared. It is found that the well-known doping effect after forming gas annealing is induced in CVD–ME graphene by polymeric residue/hydrogen-functionalization. Further, forming gas annealing of ME graphene is shown to induce strain via pinning of the graphene layer to the substrate. It is found that vacuum annealing removes most polymeric residue, with minor doping and strain effects. Finally, a study of AFM step height and roughness measurements provides a comprehensive understanding of those annealing-based processes which create morphological changes and directly influence doping and strain in the graphene layer, such as removal of polymer, removal of the interfacial graphene–substrate water layer, environmental doping effects and deformation of the graphene layer.
Impact of Stochastic Convection on Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Development

Abstract Two versions of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) global ensemble, with and without a stochastic convection scheme, are compared regarding their performance in predicting the development and evolution of tropical cyclones. Forecasts of four typhoons, one tropical storm, and two selected nondeveloping tropical systems from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign and Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (T-PARC/TCS-08) field program during August and September 2008 are evaluated. It is found that stochastic convection substantially increases the spread in ensemble storm tracks and in the vorticity and height fields in the vicinity of the storm. Stochastic convection also has an impact on the number of ensemble members predicting genesis. One day prior to the system being declared a tropical depression, on average, 31% of the ensemble members predict storm development when the ensemble includes initial perturba...
Harmonic limit compliance: issues associated with harmonics modeling and simulation

Issues associated with harmonics modeling and simulation are of paramount importance for assessing compliance with harmonic emission limits. In many cases, simulation software with only basic functionality can lead to acceptable results. However, other cases demand a more rigorous approach that includes many advanced modeling and simulation techniques. It is up to the engineer to determine "when to do what". This paper, in conjunction with the others in this series, is intended to provide guidance on this issue. The approach used here is example-based. Various alternative study approaches and the associated assumptions are used to indicate the variety of answers that can easily be obtained. Which answer is "right" and which answer is "wrong" typically reduces to a question of the validity of the assumptions made when conducting the study.
Special Education Teachers’ Attitudes and Perceptions of Teamwork:

One hundred and eighty-four special education teachers serving school-based intervention teams completed the Attitudes About Teamwork Survey, the Team Characteristics Survey , and the Team Process Perception Survey. Respondents’ regard for the team process in planning and implementing supports for children with disabilities was generally favorable. Similarly, respondents’ perceptions of the performance characteristics of the teams on which they served were generally positive. Associations among items on the Attitudes About Teamwork Survey and the Team Characteristics Survey are reported. Finally, respondents provided input regarding teamwork benefits and limitations, how teamwork supports their efforts, and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of teamwork. Practical implications of the results and directions for further investigation in this area are discussed.
Proposed Biological Mediating Mechanisms

Potential psycho-biological mechanisms linking social capital and health have been discussed primarily from the stress-disease point of view. Self-esteem may be promoted by social integration and cohesion, and it may help mastering stressful situations. Advocates of the social support theory speak for the idea that social ties act on health through emotions, mood, and perceived well-being. Also, better coping in stressful situations has been proposed as a mediator between social relations and population health. Similarly, several authors support the stress-buffering model (Cassel 1976), in which the effect of social capital is related to situations where people are under strain.
Transformation Series as an Ideographic Character Concept

An ideographic concept of character is indispensable to phylogenetic inference. Hennig proposed that characters be conceptualized as ‘‘transformation series’’, a proposal that is firmly grounded in evolutionary theory and consistent with the method of inferring transformation events as evidence of phylogenetic propinquity. Nevertheless, that concept is usually overlooked or rejected in favor of others based on similarity. Here we explicate Hennig’s definition of character as an ideographic concept in the science of phylogenetic systematics. As transformation series, characters are historical individuals akin to species and clades. As such, the related concept of homology refers to a historical identity relation and is not equivalent to or synonymous with synapomorphy. The distinction between primary and secondary homology is dismissed on the grounds that it conflates the concept of homology with the discovery operations used to detect instances of that concept. Although concern for character dependence is generally valid, it is often misplaced, focusing on functional or developmental correlation (both of which are irrelevant in phylogenetic systematics but may be valid in other fields) instead of the historical ⁄ transformational independence relevant to phylogenetic inference. As an ideographic science concerned with concrete objects and events (i.e. individuals), intensionally and extensionally defined properties are inconsistent with the individuation of characters for phylogenetic analysis, the utility of properties being limited to communicating results and facilitating future rounds of testing. � The Willi Hennig Society 2004.
Pro/Con debate: the calculation on calcium balance in dialysis lowers the dialysate calcium concentrations (pro part)

Prior to the advent of calcitriol therapy, haemodialysis (HD) patients were often in negative calcium (Ca) balance between dialyses because of severely impaired Ca absorption [1] that led to the recommendation of dialysate inlet Ca concentration (CdiCa++) 3.0–3.5 mEq/L, higher than plasma concentration [2]. Over the past 25 years since the advent of calcitriol, virtually all haemodialysis patients absorbed a substantial portion of dietary and phosphate binder calcium ingested between dialyses and yet CdiCa++ 3.0 mEq/L has continued to be widely used. The total Ca absorbed between dialyses (CaAbsT) must be removed by the dialyser (JdCaT) to achieve net zero Ca mass balance over the dialysis cycle and prevent chronic Ca overload that likely contributes to the high rate of vascular calcification in haemodialysis patients [3–5]. From this perspective, it follows that the CdiCa++ prescribed should result in neutral Ca mass balance and thus total Ca removed during dialysis (JdCa++), the sum of diffusive (JDiffCa++) and convective Ca++ (JConvCa++) removal, should equal CaAbs in accordance with
Applying behavioural economics to health systems of low- and middle-income countries: what are policymakers’ and practitioners’ views?

Interest in behavioural economics has soared in recent years, particularly because of its application to several areas of public policy, now including international development, education, and health. Yet, little is known about how the policy and political implications of behavioural economics are perceived among stakeholders. Using an innovative vignette-based online survey, we assessed the opinions of 520 policymakers and practitioners around the world about health policy recommendations emanating from behavioural economics principles that are relevant to low- and middle-income country settings. We also determined the sources of disagreement among the respondents. The results suggest that there is strong support for health policies based on the concepts of framing choices to overcome present bias, providing periodic information to form habits, and messaging to promote social norms. There is less support for policies which use cash rewards as extrinsic motivators either to change individual behaviour related to the management of chronic conditions or to mitigate risky sexual behaviour. The sources of disagreement for these policy prescriptions derive mainly from normative concerns and perceived lack of effectiveness of such interventions. Addressing these disagreements may require developing a broader research agenda to explore the policy and political implications of these prescriptions.
The System CaO–CO2–H2O and the Origin of Carbonatites

The ternary isobaric (TX) prism for the system CaO–CO_2–H_2O was determined at 1,000 bars pressure between 600° C and 1,320° C. At this pressure, calcite melts incongruently at 1,310° C, portlandite (Ca(OH)_2) melts congruently at 835° C, a binary eutectic exists between calcite and portlandite at 685° C, melting begins at 740° C on the join calcite-water and the univariant (isobaric invariant) equilibria lime-calcite-portlandite-liquid and calcite-portlandite-liquid-vapour occur at 683° C and 675° C, respectively. The latter is the minimum liquidus temperature in the TX prism, and the composition of this liquid is 65CaO, 19CO_2, 16H_2O (in weight per cent). PT curves were determined for several univariant equilibria. In the binary system CaO-H_2O, four univariant curves meet at an invariant point, at 810° C and 100 bars pressure. Portlandite dissociates only at pressures below this point. The minimum liquidus temperature in the ternary system varies between 685° C and 640° C in the pressure interval 27 bars to 4, 000 bars. Liquids in the system are regarded as simplified carbonatite magmas in which CaO represents the basic oxides, and CO_2 and H_2O the volatile constituents. The liquids have low viscosity as indicated by the rapid attainment of equilibrium and the observation that crystal settling takes place in 15-min runs. The existence of such liquids at moderate temperatures through a wide pressure range leaves little reason to doubt a magmatic origin for those carbonatites which appear to be intrusive. Differentiation could occur in multicomponent magmas by separation of the successive liquid fractions produced by crystallization of calcite, dolomite, and siderite. The determined phase relations do not favour an origin by gas transfer. The results also suggest that partial melting of limestones is likely at igneous contacts, and that impure limestones may be partially melted during high-grade regional metamorphism.
Pathways of HERG inactivation.

The rapid, repolarizing K+ current in cardiomyocytes (I Kr) has unique inwardly rectifying properties that contribute importantly to the downstroke of the cardiac action potential. The humanether-a...
The Uncovered Interest Rate Parity Anomaly And Foreign Exchange Market Turnover

The uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) anomaly is that high interest rate currencies appreciate, rather than depreciate, against low interest rate currencies. We show that the UIP anomalies apparent in six major currency pairs have diminished over our 1995-2010 sample period. We further show that the observed decline in deviations from UIP is associated with the substantially higher transaction volume now present in the foreign exchange markets. We interpret our findings as consistent with the proposition that the UIP anomaly dissipates as the foreign exchange markets become more efficient.
Plasma levels of microRNA are altered with the development of shock in human sepsis: an observational study

Background Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of sepsis-related organ failure; however, the mechanisms that govern its development are not fully understood. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) reduce vascular leak and organ failure in experimental sepsis while modulating plasma expression of microRNA (miRNA). MicroRNAs are small, noncoding segments of RNA that regulate gene expression and are known to modulate endothelial cell function and inflammatory signaling pathways. We hypothesized that miRNA may play an etiologic role in the endothelial dysfunction of sepsis and that their extracellular expression levels would be altered in those with shock.
A note on multiple imputation for method of moments estimation

Multiple imputation is a popular imputation method for general purpose estimation. Rubin(1987) provided an easily applicable formula for the variance estimation of multiple imputation. However, the validity of the multiple imputation inference requires the congeniality condition of Meng(1994), which is not necessarily satisfied for method of moments estimation. This paper presents the asymptotic bias of Rubin's variance estimator when the method of moments estimator is used as a complete-sample estimator in the multiple imputation procedure. A new variance estimator based on over-imputation is proposed to provide asymptotically valid inference for method of moments estimation.
RECENT MIGRATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE DIOECIOUS AMARANTHS

The genus Amaranthus is notable mainly because of the success of many of its members as fellow-travelers of mankind. Sometimes deliberately cultivated as grain crops, green vegetables, dye plants, or ornamentals, more often unintentionally encouraged weeds, many amaranth species have spread and diversified with the advance of artificial habitats on every continent. The part of the genus considered here is a group of ten related North American species, sharply set off from all other amaranths of the world by their dioecious habit. Descriptions of the morphology and geography of each species, documented by specimen citations, with other information appropriate to a conventional taxonomic revision, are given elsewhere (Sauer, 1955). The present paper is an attempt to reconstruct some of their history. This group is more open to such reconstruction than most of the genus because its distribution and heredity were less radically reshaped by ancient man. None of the dioecious amaranths have become domesticated plants or pandemic weeds. Yet, they have also been increasing in geographic and genetic ranges in response to civilization. Tracing their comparatively plain case histories may be a fair approach to understanding the behavior of the whole genus.
Genetics of Resistance of Heliothis subflexa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Baculovirus heliothis

The susceptibility of larvae of Heliothis subflexa (GuenA©e) and Heliothis virescens (F.), reciprocal hybrids (V line: female H. virescens × male H. subflexa; S line: female H. subflexa × male H. virescens, and backcrosses to an isolate of the single-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Baculovirus heliothis, were determined. The LC50 values for H. subflexa, H. virescens, V-line hybrid, S-line hybrid, and backcross were 9,158.6; 9.2; 5,243.2; 4,150.1; and 7.8 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per cm2, respectively. Larvae of H. subflexa were about 1,000-fold more resistant to B. heliothis than were larvae of H. virescens , while larvae of V-line and S-line hybrids were about 400- to 600-fold more resistant to B. heliothis than were H. virescens. The larvae of backcrosses were about equally susceptible as H. virescens to B. heliothis. Resistance of H. subflexa to B. heliothis appears to be controlled by a single gene. The active site and mechanism as well as the biochemical-physiological basis of this inheritance has yet to be determined.
Titration of Live Measles and Smallpox Vaccines by Jet Inoculation of Susceptible Children

SummaryLive measles and smallpox vaccines were titrated in susceptible children by jet inoculation and conventional vaccination techniques. Measles vaccine potency results in man were similar by both inoculation methods and comparable to results obtained in cell culture assays. Smallpox vaccine potency as measured by cutaneous reactivity was about 10-fold greater in jet-inoculated children than in those inoculated percutane-ously. However, jet injection of high dilutions of vaccinia virus commonly resulted in sero-conversion in the absence of a local skin lesion.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. P. Carrie, Dr. H. Lartigue, Dr. F. Lebreton, Mrs. Ethel D. Rosenblatt and Mr. Raymond L. Vaughn in conducting this study.
Transistor Level Integration of Compound Semiconductor Devices and CMOS (CoSMOS

In the COSMOS program, HRL Laboratories, LLC. is developing technology for intimate integration of CMOS devices with 400 GHz InP HBTs to form complex integrated circuits. This research is investigating innovative approaches to the transistor-scale integration of compound semiconductor and silicon-based transistors so as to enable revolutionary advances in science, devices, circuits, and systems.
Cycling Single-Carbon Compounds: from Omics to Novel Concepts: Formerly obscure microbial species emerge as major players in environmental cycling of carbon and nitrogen

We study the bacteria that oxidize methane and potentially other single-carbon compounds in Lake Washington in Seattle. These organisms typically are found in the top layers of the sediment, where they capture the methane that forms following methanogenic degradation of organic matter in the anoxic layers of the sediment, or where they consume other similar single-carbon compounds.
Safety of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Hospitalized Surgical Patients: A Cohort Study

Background Despite recommendations to vaccinate surgical inpatients against influenza, vaccination rates remain low in this population, due in part to concerns about potential negative effects on postsurgical care. Objective To evaluate whether influenza vaccination in the perioperative period increases health care utilization and evaluations for postsurgical infection after discharge. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Participants Patients aged 6 months or older who had inpatient surgery with admission and discharge between 1 September and 31 March from 2010 to 2013. Measurements All influenza vaccinations administered between 1 August and 30 April in the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 influenza seasons. Outcomes included rates of outpatient visits, readmission, emergency department (ED) visits, fever (temperature ≥38.0 °C), and clinical laboratory evaluations for infection (urine culture, complete blood count, blood culture, and wound culture) in the 7 days after discharge. Results Of the 42 777 surgeries included in adjusted analyses, vaccine was administered during hospitalization in 6420. No differences were detected between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups in risk for inpatient visits (rate ratio [RR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.96 to 1.32]), ED visits (RR, 1.07 [CI, 0.96 to 1.20]), postdischarge fever (RR, 1.00 [CI, 0.76 to 1.31]), or clinical evaluations for infection (RR, 1.06 [CI, 0.99 to 1.13]). A marginal increase in risk for outpatient visits (RR, 1.05 [CI, 1.00 to 1.10]; P = 0.032) was found. Limitation The study did not distinguish between planned and unplanned readmissions or outpatient visits. Conclusion No strong evidence of increased risk for adverse outcomes was found in comparisons of patients who received influenza vaccine during a surgical hospitalization and those who did not. The data support the recommendation to vaccinate surgical inpatients against influenza. Primary funding source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Exploration of Laboratory Construction and Management Pattern in Colleges

This essay introduces the management of laboratories in colleges from the following aspects including enhancing group quality, establishing strict examination system, improving management system and innovating management patterns and so on.
Association between Breast Parenchymal Complexity and False-Positive Recall From Digital Mammography Versus Breast Tomosynthesis: Preliminary Investigation in the ACRIN PA 4006 Trial.

Rationale and Objectives We investigate associations between measures of mammographic parenchymal complexity and false-positive (FP) recall from screening with digital mammography (DM) versus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 541 women recruited by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network 4006 trial, designed to evaluate callback and detection rates from screening with DM versus combined DM and DBT. Of these, 68 and 56 were FPs based on DM alone versus the combined DM/DBT readings, respectively. Mammographic complexity was quantified with computerized texture analysis and percent density. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations between extracted features and FP recall, after adjusting for age and number of previous benign biopsies. Odds ratios and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic were used to assess association strength. Results For DM, age, previous benign biopsies and texture features of correlation, inverse difference moment, sum average, and sum variance were deemed as significant predictors (P <.05) of FP recall, with an AUC = 0.77. For DBT, age was the only significant predictor of FP recall with AUC = 0.64. Using exploratory receiver operating characteristic thresholds for which no true-positives would be missed, a potential FP reduction of 23.5% and 8.9% was demonstrated, respectively, for DM alone versus DM/DBT. Conclusion Measures of breast complexity measured on 2D digital mammograms are indicative of the likelihood for FP recall from screening with DM, and could help identify women who could benefit from supplemental screening, including DBT.
April 1975–December 1975

From the time of the communist victory in Cambodia in April 1975 to the end of that year, the situation in and surrounding Cambodia was in a state of flux. Within Cambodia, the new regime set out immediately both to destroy significant aspects of past Cambodian society and to create their version of a Cambodian Utopia — policies which would lead to widespread deaths and the massive dislocation of much of the population.
Room at the bottom

Everyone has heard of Silicon Valley, but few really understand how it became the home of the global computing industry.
Bayer Filter Snapshot Hyperspectral Fundus Camera for Human Retinal Imaging.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To demonstrate the versatility and performance of a compact Bayer filter snapshot hyperspectral fundus camera for in-vivo clinical applications including retinal oximetry and macular pigment optical density measurements.Methods: 12 healthy volunteers were recruited under an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocol. Fundus images were taken with a custom hyperspectral camera with a spectral range of 460–630 nm. We determined retinal vascular oxygen saturation (sO2) for the healthy population using the captured spectra by least squares curve fitting. Additionally, macular pigment optical density was localized and visualized using multispectral reflectometry from selected wavelengths.Results: We successfully determined the mean sO2 of arteries and veins of each subject (ages 21–80) with excellent intrasubject repeatability (1.4% standard deviation). The mean arterial sO2 for all subjects was 90.9% ± 2.5%, whereas the mean venous sO2 for all subjects was 64.5% ± 3.5%. The mean arter...
LPV filter design for discrete-time systems with time-domain IQCs

This paper is concerned with the filter design problem for linear parameter varying (LPV) discrete-time systems with nonlinearities described by integral quadratic constraints. The LPV system is considered to have an arbitrary dependence on the time-varying parameters, not necessarily rational. The filter designed assures a bound to the worst case gain from the disturbance input to the filtering error. The development of the proposed approach is based on the existence of a quadratic storage function. The conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities and are derived through congruence transformations and change of variables. Numerical examples illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed method.
Beyond “great job”: Feedback among students on interprofessional teams

Abstract Background Interprofessional competencies state that health professional students should be prepared to provide and receive interprofessional feedback. Purpose To examine the content of interprofessional feedback among health professional students and their perceptions of giving and receiving such feedback. Methods We conducted a mixed methods prospective study among health professional students who gave each other feedback after an interprofessional exercise. We rated this feedback for content and specificity and clarified findings with 5 focus groups. Results Most of the 1520 feedback comments examined contained confirming statements; constructive and corrective statements were uncommon. Feedback on interviewing skills was more specific and constructive than feedback on teamwork skills ( P Conclusions Students in our study tended to avoid constructive and corrective comments when delivering interprofessional feedback, especially when addressing teamwork skills. Understanding the multifactorial causes for this can guide educational strategies.
Streamlining the Design-to-Build Transition with Build-Optimization Software Tools.

Scaling-up capabilities for the design, build, and test of synthetic biology constructs holds great promise for the development of new applications in fuels, chemical production, or cellular-behavior engineering. Construct design is an essential component in this process; however, not every designed DNA sequence can be readily manufactured, even using state-of-the-art DNA synthesis methods. Current biological computer-aided design and manufacture tools (bioCAD/CAM) do not adequately consider the limitations of DNA synthesis technologies when generating their outputs. Designed sequences that violate DNA synthesis constraints may require substantial sequence redesign or lead to price-premiums and temporal delays, which adversely impact the efficiency of the DNA manufacturing process. We have developed a suite of build-optimization software tools (BOOST) to streamline the design-build transition in synthetic biology engineering workflows. BOOST incorporates knowledge of DNA synthesis success determinants int...
TJBot and Zooids: The Connection between Pervasive Computing and AI

Pervasive computing and artificial intelligence have amazing potential to reshape how humans interact with computers.
Dietary Supplementation with Genistein Increases Hepcidin Expression in Wild Type Mice

Abstract 3208 Iron overload is an important cause of morbidity and death in patients with hemoglobinopathies, transfusion-dependent anemias, and hereditary hemochromatosis. As humans have no means of excreting iron, regulation of iron homeostasis depends on limiting intestinal iron absorption and optimizing iron release from macrophages to developing erythrocytes. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone produced in the liver, modulates intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release via effects on ferroportin. Hepcidin is a potential drug target for patients with iron overload syndromes because its levels are inappropriately low in these individuals. We conducted a small-scale chemical screen and found that the isoflavone genistein, a major dietary component of soybeans, enhanced Hepcidin transcript levels in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore genistein treatment increased Hepcidin transcript levels and Hepcidin promoter activity in human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells) in a Stat3 and Smad4-dependent manner. To evaluate genistein9s effect in a mammalian model, we placed groups of 4 four-week old male C57BL/6 mice on an iron-sufficient, low soy diet (AIN93G containing 35 mg of iron/kg) supplemented with 0, 250, or 500 mg of genistein per kg of food for 7 weeks, and then sacrificed the animals for analysis. Plasma genistein levels (mean±SE) at the time of sacrifice were 0.015±0.015, 0.52±0.173, and 2.07±0.65 micromolar, respectively. Compared to mice not treated with genistein, the 250 mg/kg dose produced a significant increase in hepatic Hepcidin (HAMP1) transcript levels (1.49±0.10 vs 0.93±0.10, p=0.01), while the 500 mg/kg dose did not. Although liver iron content, spleen iron content, and weight gain were not significantly different among the groups, the ratio of Hepcidin expression to liver iron content was significantly increased in the animals treated with genistein 250 mg/kg compared to controls (0.013±0.0009 vs 0.0074±0.00068, p=0.0068). In conclusion, genistein is the first orally administered small molecule experimental drug shown to increase Hepcidin transcript levels in vivo. Future experiments will evaluate the effects of genistein on genetic models of iron overload syndromes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Flexural-slip during visco-elastic buckle folding

Abstract Flexural-slip is considered as an important mechanism during folding and a general conceptual and qualitative understanding has been provided by various field studies. However, quantitative evidence of the importance of the flexural-slip mechanism during fold evolution is sparse due to the lack of suitable strain markers. In this study, 2D finite element analysis is used to overcome these disadvantages and to simulate flexural-slip during visco-elastic buckle folding. Variations of single and multilayer layer fold configurations are investigated, showing that flexural-slip is most likely to occur in effective single layer buckle folds, where slip occurs between contacts of competent layers. Based on effective single layer buckle folds, the influence of the number of slip surfaces, the degree of mechanical coupling (based on the friction coefficient), and layer thickness, on the resulting slip distribution are investigated. The results are in agreement with the conceptual flexural-slip model and show that slip is initiated sequentially during the deformation history and is maximum along the central slip surface of the fold limb. The cumulative amount of slip increases as the number of slip surfaces is increased. For a lower degree of mechanical coupling increased slip results in different fold shapes, such as box folds, during buckling. In comparison with laboratory experiments, geometrical relationships and field observations, the numerical modeling results show similar slip magnitudes. It is concluded that flexural-slip should represent a significant contribution during buckle folding, affecting the resulting fold shape for increased amounts of slip.
Insurance coverage among women diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy before and after implementation of the Affordable Care Act.

Abstract Objective The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) included provisions to expand insurance coverage by expanding Medicaid eligibility, providing subsidies of private coverage and enforcing an individual mandate. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ACA on insurance rates among women diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database, women newly diagnosed with cervical, uterine or ovarian cancer between 2008 and 2014 were identified. Insurance rates were examined before and after the passage of the ACA (2011) as well as before (January 2011–December 2013) versus after (January 2014–December 2014) Medicaid expansion to examine the impact of specific provisions. Rates of insurance were then compared between states that elected for expansion of Medicaid in 2014 vs. those states that had not. Results Among 181,866 diagnosed with cervical, uterine or ovarian cancer, there was a significant increase in patients enrolled in Medicaid after 2011. Between 2011 and 2014, there was a significant decrease in the rates of uninsured for all cancer types (p=0.001). Uninsured rates decreased by 50% for those diagnosed with uterine and ovarian cancer (6% to 3% and 8% to 4% respectively, p≤0.001), and by 25% in cervical cancer (8.9% to 6.7%, p=0.001) after January 2014. Decreases in the rate of the uninsured and associated increases in insurance coverage were only observed in states which expanded Medicaid coverage (p≤0.001). Conclusions The Affordable Care Act resulted in expanded insurance coverage for women diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer, however, the impact was significantly increased in states which increased their Medicaid eligibility in 2014.
Solid State Gas Generator for Small Satellite deorbiter

We present the first MEMS Solid State Gas Generator (SSGG) for use as a deorbit technology, in conjunction with inflation balloons, for Small-Satellites ( 3 ) crystals on a glass substrate. The crystals are contained in wells formed by a thick-film of epoxy (SU-8). Under each well is a resistive heater that is selectively addressed using Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) diode networks. When heated to above 350 °C, the NaN 3 spontaneously decomposes to generate the N 2 gas in time scales on the order of 10 milliseconds. Each well can be designed with a typical volume of 10−15 m3 to 10−6 m3 of NaN 3 . The effectiveness of the system has been numerically evaluated for 1U, 2U and 3U CubeSats. The deorbit time for these three spacecraft from a 550km altitude has been calculated to be 118, 236, and 355 days respectively, independent of initial inclination.
3-D Analysis

The 3-D Analyst is a software extension that’s designed to accomplish different types of analysis such as making the map appear real and making it easy to comprehend. To use the ArcGIS 3D Analyst, it must be installed. The main function of the 3-D Analyst is to create elevation data and display it in three dimensions. The 3-D analyst can also perform slope, aspect, hillshade, surface area, volume calculation and viewshed to determine visibility from any point on a surface.
Management of Severe Hyponatremia with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies.

For most American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Kidney Week attendees, case-based clinical nephrology talks are one of the most exciting venues. The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire (NQ&Q) is the essence of clinical nephrology and represents what drew all of us into the field of nephrology. This year
Single-Antenna FDD Reader Design and Communication to a Commercial UHF RFID Tag

This letter demonstrates a new radio frequency identification (RFID) reader architecture improving the uplink (UL) quality and is compatible with a commercial ultra high frequency Gen2 RFID inlay. The reader transmits a weak auxiliary carrier in addition to the main carrier. The tag nonlinearity generates a new frequency component at the third-order intermodulation (IM3) frequency for UL communication, where the on-tag backscatter works as an on–off-keying modulator at the newly generated IM3 carrier. Since the UL and downlink frequencies are slightly offset, the passives are reused efficiently and the transmitter-to-receiver (Tx-to-Rx) noise/leakage can be eliminated by employing a duplexer, which results in a low-noise and low-interference Rx.
Nutritional improvement of corn meal by fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis and Enterobacter cloacae

Fermentation of corn meal by Bacillus licheniformis strain 6 significantly (P<0.05) increased the percent relative nutritive value (%RNV). Both B. licheniformis strain 6 and Enterobacter cloacae strain 18 significantly (P<0.05) increased the methionine and tryptophan content. Only E. cloacae increased the lysine content. Both bacteria increased total folacin significantly (P<0.05). A pH of 7-8, a temperature of 35°C, and a fermentation time of 4-6 days resulted in higher yields of total folacin than other combinations of conditions. Mixed cultures of the two bacteria increased lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and total folacin (P<0.05) when compared to nonfermented corn meal.
The Origin of the Pine Mountain Window: An Internal Basement Massif within the Piedmont of Alabama and Georgia

The Pine Mountain terrane, the southernmost basement massif in the southern Appalachians, comprises a Grenville age basement complex and Paleozoic(?) cover sequence, now exposed in a complex window within the Piedmont terrane. The window is framed at its eastern end by three faults, all of demonstrably different ages.
The Response of Atlantic White Cedar Wetlands to Varying Levels of Disturbance from Suburban Development in the New Jersey Pinelands

The effects of suburban development on wetlands dominated by Atlantic white cedar were studied in the New Jersey Pinelands. Four groups of 4–5 sites each, representing different intensities of development impact, were sampled for hydrological regime, water quality, species composition and community structure. Hydrological regime was strongly affected by the proximity of dams, ditches or channels constructed in association with housing, but roads and housing had little effect alone. Levels of ammonia, ortho-phosphate, chloride, lead, and pH were elevated in developed sites compared with the very low values of all parameters in control sites. Species native to cedar swamps, particularly herbs, disappeared from impacted sites, while a diverse group of non-Pineland species, weeds, and exotics became established in these sites. Sites receiving direct road runoff were much more strongly affected than were sites near housing and/or roads but without direct stormwater inputs; however, the complexity of the gradient of suburban impact was reflected in the high variability among sites in each group. Target values for water quality parameters and species composition are given for use in assessing the quality of cedar wetlands subject to human disturbance.
Cultural Issues in Health Communication

This article addresses the major issues, challenges, methods, and approaches to cultural issues in health communication. An understanding of the cultural issues involved in health communication requires a consideration of a minimum of four key components: (1) a basic understanding of what is meant by the term ‘culture’ within the context of health communication; (2) a clear conception of the role that language and culture play not only in health communication but in peoples' conceptions of what constitutes health and health care; and (3) an appreciation for the nature and kind of complexities and challenges that emerge organically at the nexus of culture, communication, and health care whether in intra- or cross-cultural health care.
The behavioral and cognitive effects of two benzodiazepines associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault.

Recently, sexual assaults have included the use of benzodiazepines to impair the victim. Our aim was to examine the physiological, cognitive, and behavioral effects of flunitrazepam (FN) and clonazepam (CLO). In the first study, ten healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 2 mg of FN. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), behavioral reports and staff observations were then collected. In the second study, ten healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 3 mg of CLO. Vitals signs, performance on the MMSE and Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and behavioral changes were examined. FN significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure 4 h post drug ingestion with diastolic remaining low at 6 h. CLO was associated with changes in temperature and decreased systolic pressure. FN affected memory and attention 4 h following ingestion. CLO affected memory and attention throughout the study (6 h), and psychomotor performance was decreased 2 h post ingestion. In both studies, subjects were disinhibited and did not perceive their own impairment.
Net Promoter Score: Using NPS to Measure IT Customer Support Satisfaction

Measuring customer satisfaction is crucial in proving the value of IT in higher education. It is important to use quantifiable data as the basis for metrics that can be used to measure and track customer satisfaction over time. Equally as important is the simplicity of the metrics used so that people at every level of the organization can relate to them. The University of Illinois AITS Service Desk uses the Net Promoter Score (NPS) as its sole metric for measuring our customers' satisfaction for our IT services and the customer support we provide. NPS is an industry standard metric that corporations use to measure customer loyalty, but with guidance from Gartner Research we have adapted it for use in measuring IT customer support satisfaction. In this case study, we will provide an overview of NPS and the customer survey we designed to implement it.
Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is a risk factor for surgical site infections after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Abstract Background We sought to examine whether preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) increases the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Patients admitted to an academic hospital from 2010 to 2016, who were older than 18 and had a laparoscopic or a laparoscopic converted to open cholecystectomy for complicated biliary tract disease were included. We compared those who had a preoperative ERCP to those who did not. Our primary endpoint was the rate of SSI. Results A total of 640 patients were included. Of them, 122 (19.1%) received preoperative ERCP and 518 (80.9%) did not. The former had different preoperative diagnoses compared to non-ERCP patients (choledocholithiasis [35.2%–7.0%], acute cholecystitis [31.2%–76.4%], gallstone pancreatitis [20.5%–16.2%], and cholangitis [13.1%–0.4%], p Conclusion Preoperative ERCP is associated with a threefold increase in the risk of SSI after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Experimental study of molten tin sulfide thermal conduction

Abstract Molten thermoelectrics are proven candidates to harvest waste-heat from high-temperature industrial operations in the form of electrical power. However to date, the role of thermal conductivity remains to be evaluated in order to evaluate the overall efficiency. Herein, possible modes of heat transfer and their analysis for such molten semi-conductor are presented. Experimental estimates of thermal conductivity obtained on a power generation thermoelectric device operated with molten tin sulfide at temperature in excess of 900 °C are then presented. Results of the simulation of the temperature profile, the fluid mechanic model and electrical power performance show a key role of natural convection and a minor role of radiative heat transfer, and indicate a possible variation in transport properties of tin sulfides around 1000 °C.
Skeletal muscle explants: ex-vivo models to study cellular behavior in a complex tissue environment.

Purpose/Aim: Skeletal muscle tissue explants have been cultured and studied for nearly 100 years. These cultures, which retain complex tissue structure in an environment suited to precision manipul...
Leveraging Feedback Orientation in the Workplace: Directions for Research and Practice

Feedback orientation is a multidimensional quasi-trait that involves seeing feedback as valuable, feeling accountable and capable to act on feedback, and being cognizant of feedback information in one’s social environment. Fostering and maintaining a positive feedback orientation is essential for employees to benefit from performance management processes, but relatively little research has explored this construct. In this chapter, we summarize existing findings concerning feedback orientation and chart important directions for future research and practice. We identify particular needs to study how feedback orientation develops over time, relates to leadership dynamics, operates in diverse and cross-cultural contexts, and shapes employee development in distributed work contexts. We conclude by offering recommendations for individual managers and organizational decision-makers based on trends that emerged in our literature review.
Graduate Medical Education

The story of simulation-based training in medicine cannot be told without foundational chapters on the role of simulation training in graduate medical education in anesthesiology, the test kitchen for many simulation training pioneers. The ACGME Anesthesiology RRC formalized this role in 2011 by creating a mandate for simulation-based training in anesthesiology residency training. This mandate comes at the same time that the ACGME has charged anesthesiology residency training programs with developing methods to ensure that trainees are achieving attainment of specific competency-based milestones prior to completion of their training. For educators in graduate medical education in anesthesiology, this dual mandate provides an opportunity for curricular evolution as each mandate can mutually facilitate the other. The benefits of simulation-based medical education, particularly to the adult learner, can facilitate the goals of training for and formative and summative assessment of competency-based milestones. Furthermore, the milestone project provides educators with a practical outline in the development of content for a prospective simulation-based education program. The goals of a simulation-based curriculum can utilize these milestones to create a progressive curriculum modeled on Miller’s taxonomy of competency attainment, coupling targeted milestones and skills with appropriate simulation-based tools for graduate medical education and assessment. While each institution will face unique challenges in the integration of simulation-based training into their overall curriculum, multiple strategies can be employed leveraging the variety of simulation modalities (partial task trainers, high-fidelity simulation, OSCEs) and a variety of curricular formats. In developing the components of a simulation-based curriculum, educators must maintain focus on the purpose of each component, introductory training, formative assessment, or summative assessment, and tailor a curriculum that meets these goals taking into account the considerations and challenges unique to each of these goals.
A Polymer with “Locked” Degradability: Superior Backbone Stability and Accessible Degradability Enabled by Mechanophore Installation

Though numerous applications require degradable polymers, there are surprisingly few polymer systems that combine superior stability and controllable degradability. Particularly, the degradability ...
The Effect of Credit Rating Downgrades and Customer-supplier Relationships

Extant research documents the valuation effects of credit rating change on the stock price. This study extends the research by examining the information transfer effects of customer credit rating downgrades on supplier firms. We find that supplier firms experience negative abnormal returns during the announcement of customer firms’ rating downgrades. This effect persists over a 50 trading day window after the downgrade announcement. We also find that credit rating deterioration spreads along the supply chain, where the probability of future rating downgrades is significantly higher for supplier firms with downgraded customers. Further, we show that the information transfer effects are associated with certain cross-sectional factors, including the market anticipation of customers rating downgrades, the strength of the customer-supplier linkage, the valuation effects within customer firms’ industries, and investor attention on supplier firms.