cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of N95 Disposable Filtering Facepiece Fits Using Bitrex Qualitative and TSI Portacount® Quantitative Fit Testing

As a means of evaluating the use of denatonium benzoate (bitrex) as a qualitative fit test agent with filtering facepiece respirators, the bitrex qualitative and TSI Protacount(R) quantitative fit-test methods were compared using N95 filtering facepieces. Seventy-nine paired tests (trial) were performed. Detection of bitrex during a qualitative fit test or measurement of a fit factor of <100 during a quantitative fit test constituted a failure. Qualitative and quantitative methods were performed using identical test protocols. Data were analyzed using pass/fail criteria, and matched-pair analysis methods were applied. The results of this study indicate that the use of bitrex during qualitative fit testing of N95 disposable filtering facepieces results in an increase in failure and/or rejection in cases where a TSI Portacount (plus N95 companion accessory) quantitatively establishes an acceptable fit.
Urban Education in the 1970's.

Having, in the past decade, spent billions of dollars on compensatory education, initiated thousands of projects, completed hundreds of studies, entered numerous judicial decisions and rulings, experienced dozens of riots and disorders, and generated whole new agencies and educational institutions, the nation's urban schools continue to operate in a vortex of segregation, alienation, and declining achievement. Various strategies and programs have been proposed for achieving equality of educational opportunity. The crisis in urban education has stimulated total rethinking about the educative process-the goals, the means, the resources, the strategies, the relationships-for all individuals, the advantaged and the disadvantaged, the majority and the minority. No panaceas exist but comprehensive planning based on the reservoir of experience, research, and theory can provide for effective learning in which the entire community becomes the site for education of urban populations.
Politics in the Development of a Migrant Health Center: A Pilgrim's Progress from Idealism to Pragmatism

Abstract New methods of health-care delivery have been recommended to correct the inequities in the distribution of health services to rural and urban poor. A migrant health center developed in 1970 to accomplish this aim illustrated the many attendant problems. The award of the grant to an outside consumer group rather than to the county health department resulted in political pressures during the center's development. Other factors isolated the center. These included categorical funding specifically directed to a community's ethnic minority and the lack of a regional network of health care. Confusion was created when legitimate spokesmen of the target group, other segments of the local community or interested private and governmental agencies were not defined. Although a program for curative and preventive medicine was established for a minority, the center was less successful in becoming self-supporting and in affecting the social and economic determinants of health. (N Engl J Med 292: 890–895, 1975)
An Analysis of Errors in Drop Size Distribution Retrievals and Rain Bulk Parameters with a UHF Wind Profiling Radar and a Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer

Abstract Vertically pointed wind profiling radars can be used to obtain measurements of the underlying drop size distribution (DSD) for a rain event by means of the Doppler velocity spectrum. Precipitation parameters such as rainfall rate, radar reflectivity factor, liquid water content, mass-weighted mean drop diameter, and median volume drop diameter can then be calculated from the retrieved DSD. The DSD retrieval process is complicated by the presence of atmospheric turbulence, vertical ambient air motion, selection of fall speed relationships, and velocity thresholding. In this note, error analysis is presented to quantify the effect of each of those factors on rainfall rate. The error analysis results are then applied to two precipitation events to better interpret the rainfall-rate retrievals. It was found that a large source of error in rain rate is due to unaccounted-for vertical air motion. For example, in stratiform rain with a rainfall rate of R = 10 mm h−1, a mesoscale downdraft of 0.6 m s−1 c...
Direct comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of fifty protein biological markers of pulmonary embolism for use in the emergency department.

Objectives: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with abnormal concentrations of many proteins involved in inflammation, hemostasis, and vascular injury. The authors quantified the diagnostic accuracy of a battery of protein biological markers for the detection of PE in emergency department (ED) patients. Methods: A random and a consecutive sample of ED patients evaluated for PE were prospectively enrolled at two academic EDs between August 2005 and April 2006. A plasma sample was obtained at enrollment, and all patients were followed by telephone and medical record review at 90 days for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) defined as PE or deep venous thrombosis (DVT), requiring the consensus of two of three blinded physician reviewers. Measurements of potential biological markers were performed by technicians blinded to the study objectives. The diagnostic accuracy of each biological marker was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Fifty potential biological markers were measured in 304 ED patients, including 22 patients (7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4% to 10%) with VTE. Fourteen biological markers demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) with the lower limit of the 95% CI ≥ 0.5. Of these, three demonstrated an AUC ≥ 0.7: D-dimer (0.90), C-reactive protein (CRP; 0.78), and myeloperoxidase (MPO; 0.78). Conclusions: From 50 candidate biological markers, only D-dimer, CRP, and MPO demonstrated sufficient diagnostic accuracy to suggest potential utility as biological marker of PE.
The association of coagulopathy and traumatic brain injury in patients with isolated head injury.

Summary The emergence of prothrombotic agents (e.g. activated factor VII) to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires a better understanding of the association of coagulopathy with isolated head injury (IHI). Objective To investigate the association of IHI and coagulopathy. Methods Prospective, observational study in an urban level I trauma center. Inclusion criteria: Adult (≥13 years of age) patients with IHI. Exclusion criteria: patients with known coagulopathies or on anticoagulant therapy. Predictor Variables: TBI (head abbreviated injury severity score >2, or brain hematoma on CT scan), age, gender, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and loss of consciousness (LOC). Outcome variables: coagulopathy defined as elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR>1.3) or activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) greater than 34s. We divided IHI subjects into two groups of patients with and without TBI. Statistical Analysis: Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U were used to compare data where appropriate (alpha: 0.05, two-tailed). Results From July 2005 to December 2006, 276 patients with IHI were studied. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range: 25–52) with a 79% male predominance and 88% blunt trauma. Eight percent (95% CI, 5–12%) of patients had coagulopathy. The rate of coagulopathy in TBI patients (17%) was significantly higher than non-TBI patients (6%) (11% difference, 95% CI, 3–20%]. The relative risk of coagulopathy in TBI patients was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.3–6.6). Conclusion Coagulopathy as defined by elevated INR and/or PTT is associated with TBI after isolated head injury.
Qualitative age interactions (or effect modification) suggest different cancer pathways for early-onset and late-onset breast cancers

Background Prior to 1999–2000, breast cancer incidence rates had risen for decades, though more among older than younger women.
Diversity of nuclear phorbol ester tumor promoter receptors in mouse liver: Evidence for two classes of binding sites

Summary Two classes of phorbol ester binding sites have been demonstrated in the nuclear fraction of liver from female CD-1 mice. Equilibrium binding studies of 0.40 M NaCl nuclear extracts yielded a sigmoidal saturation curve which was resolved by Hill plot analysis into two components. However, when nuclei were extracted in 0.24 M NaCl, the 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate saturation curve of the extract was biphasic in shape consisting of both high and low affinity binding sites termed Class I and II receptors. When the 0.24 M NaCl extracted nuclear pellet was extracted further in 0.40 M NaCl, saturation analysis of the extract revealed only the low affinity binding site (Class II). This is the first study to identify the existence of phorbol ester receptors in liver nuclei.
CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL SKIN CHANGES IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE: EVIDENCE FOR A DIALYSIS-RESISTANT, TRANSPLANT- RESPONSIVE MICROANGIOPATHY

Abstract The relation between chronic renal failure and the clinical and histological findings in normal-looking skin was studied in twenty-seven patients with minimum to marked rises of serum creatinine; eleven of these were on maintenance haemodialysis, and three were successful renal transplant recipients. Clinical findings, including pruritus and xerosis which affected 48% and 60%, respectively, of the patients overall, correlated strongly with severity of renal failure. Histological examination revealed endothelial cell activation and/or necrosis, basement membrane zone thickening, and reduplication of the basal lamina involving both venules and arterioles in all specimens. The microangiopathy was severe in 18 of 24 (75%) of the uraemic specimens, but severity correlated poorly with serum creatinine level, haemodialysis status, or known duration of renal failure, except that it was less severe in the first 2 years (p
Separation and characterization of Euglena gracilis chloroplast single-strand DNA

Abstract Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA when equilibrated in an alkaline CsCl density gradient yields two clearly separated bands differing in alkaline buoyant density by 0.023 g/cm3. These bands are separated preparatively and shown to represent single-strand DNA's differing in neutral buoyant density and renaturing characteristics. Both heavy and light single-strand DNA fractions are hybridized with 32P-labeled chloroplast ribosomal RNA (filter). The heavy fraction retains approx. 10 times more ribosomal RNA than the light DNA fraction. This indicates that the majority of base sequences coding for chloroplast ribosomal RNA is contained in the heavier of the two single-strand DNA fractions.
The contribution of tympanic transmission to fine temporal signal evaluation in an ultrasonic moth.

SUMMARY In lesser waxmoths Achroia grisella, pair formation and female mate choice involve very fine discrimination of male ultrasonic signals. Female A. grisella prefer male signals with longer pulses and longer `asynchrony intervals9, and evaluate differences in these characteristics in the range of 80-260 μs. The first step in the evaluation of these characteristics is the tympanic transmission of stimuli. We used laser vibrometry to describe the mode of vibration, frequency tuning and stimulus transmission of the tympana of A. grisella. The tympanic response consisted of a rotational mode of vibration, in which the anterior and posterior sections moved out of phase; the posterior section of the tympanum vibrated with all points moving in phase and maximum displacement at the attachment point of the scoloparium that contains the receptor cells. The tympana of A. grisella were tuned to high ultrasonic frequencies and had an estimated time constant (i.e. the limit to their temporal acuity) of about 20-50 μs. Pulse length and all but the shortest asynchrony interval were thus well resolved by the tympanum. We discuss implications for the evaluation of pulse length and asynchrony interval.
Viscoelastic and Biomechanical Properties of Osteochondral Tissue Constructs Generated From Graded Polycaprolactone and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites

The complex micro-/nanostructure of native cartilage-to-bone insertion exhibits gradations in extracellular matrix components, leading to variations in the viscoelastic and biomechanical properties along its thickness to allow for smooth transition of loads under physiological movements. Engineering a realistic tissue for osteochondral interface would, therefore, depend on the ability to develop scaffolds with properly graded physical and chemical properties to facilitate the mimicry of the complex elegance of native tissue. In this study, polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffolds with spatially controlled concentrations of beta-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion-electrospinning process and seeded with MC3T3-E1 cells to form osteochondral tissue constructs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the linear viscoelastic and compressive properties of the native bovine osteochondral tissue and the tissue constructs formed in terms of their small-amplitude oscillatory shear, unconfined compression, and stress relaxation behavior. The native tissue, engineered tissue constructs, and unseeded scaffolds exhibited linear viscoelastic behavior for strain amplitudes less than 0.1%. Both native tissue and engineered tissue constructs demonstrated qualitatively similar gel-like behavior as determined using linear viscoelastic material functions. The normal stresses in compression determined at 10% strain for the unseeded scaffold, the tissue constructs cultured for four weeks, and the native tissue were 0.87+/-0.08 kPa, 3.59+/-0.34 kPa, and 210.80+/-8.93 kPa, respectively. Viscoelastic and biomechanical properties of the engineered tissue constructs were observed to increase with culture time reflecting the development of a tissuelike structure. These experimental findings suggest that viscoelastic material functions of the tissue constructs can provide valuable inputs for the stages of in vitro tissue development.
Quantitative and analytical comparison of isodose distributions for shaped electron fields from ADAC Pinnacle treatment planning system and Monte Carlo simulations.

Abstract We assess the accuracy of ADAC Pinnacle 3 commercial treatment planning system (TPS) in computation of isodose distributions for shaped electron fields. The assessment is based on comparison of dose profiles generated by TPS and a Monte Carlo model for different beam energies, applicator sizes, and percentages of field blocking. Dose differences of up to 14% are observed at the depth of maximum dose. These discrepancies, often ignored in clinical evaluations, are attributable to inadequate modeling of scatter from applicators and blocks by TPS.
Characterization of a reductively-activated elimination pathway relevant to the biological chemistry of the kinamycins and lomaiviticins

The lomaiviticins (1 and 2) and kinamycins (3–5) are bacterial metabolites with potent antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Herein we establish that 1–5 are capable of generating electrophilic acylfulvene intermediates (6) under mildly reducing conditions. These acylfulvenes 6 are formed by a multistep process comprising two-electron reduction and loss of dinitrogen to form an ortho-quinone methide, followed by elimination. Based on these studies, the structure of the product formed from 1 in DNA-cleavage assays is proposed (26). We also show that the bis(hydroxynaphthoquinone) substructures of the lomaiviticins activate the metabolites toward reduction. Finally, based on COMPARE and time-dependent cell response profiling analyses, we show that kinamycin C (4) and the monomeric lomaiviticin aglycon (24) operate by a mechanism of action that is distinct from simple diazofluorenes, such as 23.
Cooperation in breeding by nonreproductive wrens: kinship, reciprocity, and demography

Stripe-backed wrens (Campylorhynchus nuchalis) often live as adults in large groups on permanent, communally defended territories. Nonbreeding adults cooperate in rearing the young of a single breeding pair; this aid substantially increases the reproductive success of the breeders. In a 6-year study in Venezuela of a completely colorbanded population of 25–30 groups, most adults participated in breeding only as helpers and priority to breeding status was strictly age-determined. Detailed behavioral observations at breeding nests with nestlings showed that, in a sample of 100, helpers nearly always contributed as much to the care of young as breeders. Further, aid-giving does not vary systematically with relatedness of ycung to helpers or with probability of future reciprocation by young. Young being raised are most often at least half siblings of helpers, but seldom return aid to adults that helped raise them. Even adopted helpers collaborate fully. Patterns of demography and dispersal show slow turnover of breeders, delayed reproduction, and a viscous population structure.
Simulations of Polymeric Membrane Formation by Immersion Precipitation: Liquid-liquid Demixing

The immersion precipitation process makes most commercial microporous membranes, which enjoy widespread use in filtration and purification. This process begins with liquid-liquid demixing of a nonsolvent/solvent/polymer ternary system into polymer-rich and polymer-lean phases. This demixing step determines much of the final morphology. In this work, a ternary Cahn-Hilliard formulation incorporating a Flory-Huggins homogeneous free energy function is used to simulate phase separation during demixing. Then the formulation is coupled with constant-viscosity interface-driven fluid flow. Simulations begin with uniform initial conditions with small random fluctuations, and then with two-layer polymer-solvent/nonsolvent initial conditions to simulate actual membrane fabrication conditions. The results are presented in 2-D and 3-D, which demonstrate the effects of mp (degree of polymerization), Kij (gradient penalty coefficients) and χij (Flory-Huggins interaction parameters) on phase separation behavior.
Pain during hospitalization is associated with continued pain six months later in survivors of serious illness

Purpose To determine the level of pain reported by survivors of serious illness 2 and 6 months after study enrollment and to identify variables associated with later pain. Patients and Methods Observational cohort study of patients with interviews during hospitalization (5,652) and 2 (3,782) and 6 (2,984) months later admitted between June 1989 and January 1994 with 1 or more of 9 high mortality diagnoses admitted to 5 tertiary care academic centers in the United States. Patients' level of pain during the hospitalization and 2 and 6 months later was determined from interviews with patients and surrogates (most often family members). Separate ordinal logistic regressions were constructed with level of pain at months 2 or 6 as the dependent variable and 22 demographic, psychological, chronic, and acute illness measures at the time of hospitalization as independent variables. Results Of patients reporting level 4 (moderately severe pain occurring most of the time or extremely severe pain occurring half of the time) or 5 (moderately severe pain occurring most or all of the time or extremely severe pain occurring at least half of the time) pain to 5 during hospital interviews, 39.5% and 39.7% reported level 4 or 5 pain 2 and 6 months later, respectively. Level of hospital pain was the variable most strongly associated with later pain. Compared with patients with level 1 hospital pain, those with level 2 (not at all severe pain or moderate, occasional) had a 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.50, 3.37) and 1.75 (CI 1.48, 2.07) times greater adjusted odds of increased levels of pain 2 and 6 months later, respectively. Compared with patients with level 1 hospital pain, those with level 5 pain had a 9.20 (CI 7.27, 11.65) and 4.40 (CI 3.39, 5.71) times greater adjusted odds of increased levels of pain 2 and 6 months later, respectively. Age, number of dependencies in activities of daily living, depression, and type of comorbid illnesses were also independently associated with level of pain both 2 and 6 months later. Conclusion Survivors of the serious and common illnesses that we studied have a high level of pain during hospitalization and up to 6 months after hospitalization. Level of hospital pain was most strongly associated with later pain. Better pain control both during hospitalization and after discharge should be given a high priority. Pain during hospitalization should trigger future inquiries about pain and its treatment.
Microwave diamagnetic resonance associated with polysiloxanes

Diamagnetic resonance has been observed at 9·3 gc/s and 23 gc/s with thin films of several methyl-phenyl substituted siloxanes. The films (thickness <200 a) were deposited upon insulator substrates mounted in evacuated cavity resonators. The resonance, which appears as a carrier avalanche ionization, occurs above microwave electric fields of approximately 1–10 v/cm. Fields and frequencies satisfy the cyclotron resonance equation v = eB/2πm*c (where m* = 1·000 ± 0·001m e). The mean collision lifetime at low power is τ ∼ 10-9 sec. The lifetime is relatively insensitive to ambient gas pressures in the range from less than 5 × 10-6 torr to 0·2 torr and to cavity temperatures in the range from 300°k to 20°k. Results of application to the films of d.c. electric fields are described. A tentative interpretation of the phenomena is given.
Women and girls in mathematics—Equity in mathematics education

What then can be said that is known about sex-related differences in mathematics and factors related to such differences? Certainly, when both females and males study the same amount of mathematics, differences in learning mathematics are minimal and perhaps decreasing. Many fewer females elect to study mathematics and therein lies the problem. Variables which appear to contribute to this non-election are females' lesser confidence in their ability to learn mathematics and their belief that mathematics is not useful to them. In addition, differential teacher treatment of males and females is important. All variables appear to be directly related to the stereotyping of mathematics as a male domain.
Exergy and industrial ecology. Part 2: A non-dimensional analysis of means to reduce resource depletion

Abstract The thermodynamic interpretation of ecosystem evolution introduced in Part 1 of this series provides a basis for quantitative analysis of strategies for reducing resource depletion. In Part 2, we express resource depletion rate as a product of consumption rate and the Depletion number ( Dp )—a non-dimensional indicator of depletion per unit consumption. We introduce two generalized models of resource use that incorporate a choice between virgin resource extraction and post-consumption resource recycling. These models are used as a basis for expressing Dp as a function of non-dimensional indicators for three resource conservation strategies: exergy cycling fraction ( ψ ) for resource recycling, exergy efficiency ( φ ) for process efficiency gains, and renewed exergy fraction ( Ω ) for extent of renewed resource use. We use the resulting expressions to fully characterize strategy interaction, strategy limitations, and the roles that these strategies play in allowing resource consumption to occur with decreasing levels of resource depletion. We also show how the derived framework may be incorporated into an economic analysis to identify least-cost approaches to depletion avoidance in a toluene production and cycling system.
High-purity thermoacoustic isotope enrichment.

In a tube many wavelengths long, thermoacoustic separation of a gas mixture can produce very high purities. A flexible wall allows a spatially continuous supply of acoustic power into such a long tube. Coiling the tube and immersing it in a fluid lets a single-wavelength, circulating, traveling pressure wave in the fluid drive all the wavelengths in the tube wall and gas. Preliminary measurements confirm many aspects of the concept with neon (20Ne and 22Ne) and highlight some challenges of practical implementation.
Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Pure Bulk Metals: Normal-Gravity Test Results

An experimental apparatus has been designed for the study of bulk metal ignition under elevated, normal and reduced gravity environments. The present work describes the technical characteristics of the system, the analytical techniques employed, the results obtained from the ignition of a variety of metals subjected to normal gravity conditions and the first results obtained from experiments under elevated gravity. A 1000 W xenon short-arc lamp is used to irradiate the top surface of a cylindrical metal specimen 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm high in a quiescent pure-oxygen environment at 0.1 MPa. Iron, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, zinc, tin, and copper specimens are investigated. All these metals exhibit ignition and combustion behavior varying in strength and speed. Values of ignition temperatures below, above or in the range of the metal melting point are obtained from the temperature records. The emission spectra from the magnesium-oxygen gas-phase reaction reveals the dynamic evolution of the ignition event. Scanning electron microscope and x-ray spectroscopic analysis provide the sequence of oxide formation on the burning of copper samples. Preliminary results on the effect of higher-than-normal gravity levels on the ignition of titanium specimens is presented.
The Effects of Coaching on the Sensitivity and Specificity of Malingering Measures

This study sought to identify patterns of performance indicative of malingering on the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Participants were randomly assigned to perform normally, simulate head injury, or simulate head injury with warning that there might be attempts to detect malingering. Participants completed an expanded AVLT and a forced-choice task, in addition to several other memory tests. The warned simulators performed worse than normals on the forced-choice task, but better than those simulating head injury without a warning, suggesting that the warned subjects recognized forced choice as a malingering test. A combination of AVLT indices was able to predict group status for both naive and warned malingerers (73.6% for naive malingerers, 84.8% for warned, no false positives). The forced-choice measure detected only 31.6% of the naive malingerers when specificity was maximized, and detected only 6.5% of the warned malingerers, a significant drop in detection rate. Findings suggest that pattern of performance indices are useful in detecting malingering, even when subjects are aware of attempts to detect malingering.
Transfer and fusion in finite groups

There exist a number of well-known theorems which give conditions under which the structure of the normalizer of a particular p-subgroup of a finite group G determines certain “global” properties of G, such as, the largest abelian p-factor group of G or the conjugacy of p-elements in G. For example, we may mention Burnside’s theorems on the conjugacy of elements in the center of a Sylow p-subgroup and on the existence of normal p-complements in groups with abelian Sylow p-subgroups. The theorem of Griin concerning p-normality and the Hall-Wielandt theorem are also of this nature. In this paper we shall establish a number of general results of this type. To state these, we must first introduce several concepts. Throughout the paper G will denote a fixed finite group, p will be a fixed prime divisor of the order of G, and Z will designate the set of all nonidentity p-subgroups of G.
ADAMTS13 and its variants promote angiogenesis via upregulation of VEGF and VEGFR2

Severe plasma ADAMTS13 deficiency results in the clinical disorder thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, other potential pathophysiological roles of ADAMTS13 in endothelial cell biology remain unexplored. The goals of this study were to understand the angiogenic pathways ADAMTS13 activates and to identify the important structural components of ADAMTS13 that stimulate angiogenesis. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with 150 ng/mL (1 nM) of recombinant human ADAMTS13 induced VEGF expression by 53 % and increased VEGF mRNA by over sixfold, both within 10 min; the measured VEGF levels steadily decreased over 2 h, as shown by Western blot and ELISA. Phosphorylation of VEGFR2 was significantly enhanced in HUVEC after incubation with ADAMTS13 (1 nM). Structure–function analysis showed that an ADAMTS13 variant containing thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) 2–8 repeats (TSP1 2–8), TSP1 2–8 plus CUB domains (TSP1 2–8 plus CUB), or TSP1 5–8 repeats plus CUB domains (TSP1 5–8 plus CUB) increased HUVEC proliferation by 41–54 % as compared to the EBM-2 controls. Chemotaxis assays further demonstrated that the TSP1 domains of ADAMTS13 increased HUVEC migration by 2.65-fold. Incubation of HUVEC with both ADAMTS13 variants containing TSP1 repeats and anti-VEGF IgG abrogated the enhanced effect of ADAMTS13 on proliferation, migration, and VEGFR2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, ADAMTS13-induced endothelial cell angiogenesis occurs via the upregulation of VEGF and phosphorylation of VEGFR2. This angiogenic activity depends on the C-terminal TSP1 repeats of ADAMTS13.
Unilateral pseudophakia and extended-wear aphakic contact lenses A comparative study in a single patient population

Abstract In a retrospective study of 29 patients, we compare patients with pseudophakia in one eye and extended-wear aphakic Permalens ® in the second eye. Patients' stability of vision, risk of infection and economic variables are reviewed.
Editor's Choice 2002 selected online learning resources

Abstract The Editor-in-Chief of The Internet and Higher Education compiles for the last issue of each year's volume resources that may be useful for researchers, teachers, administrators, or students who wish to locate information about the field of online learning and the uses of the Internet for instructional delivery. Resources are organized into several categories.
A CMOS-integrated microinstrument for trace detection of heavy metals

This paper presents a voltammetric microsystem which includes CMOS-integrated sensors, electronic interface, and data conversion circuits for enabling cost-effective, in situ detection of trace metals. The system's electronics were implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m, 5 V, CMOS process and occupy 36 mm/sup 2/. Single-chip integration of the system was accomplished using post-CMOS, thin-film fabrication techniques. Due to its reduced ambient noise coupling and an integrated, pseudo-differential potentiostat, this design provides the best figures of merit for detection limit, area, and power published to date for heavy-metal microinstruments. The microsystem dissipates 16 mW and has successfully detected lead at concentrations of 0.3 ppb on 3.2/spl times/10/sup -5/ cm/sup 2/ gold electrodes using subtractive anodic stripping voltammetry.
Thermal Infrared Spectra of the Moon

Contrary to recent assertions in the literature, lunar emission spectra obtained at an altitude of 32 km with a balloon-borne telescope are virtually undistorted by atmospheric absorption, except in the ozone region. These spectra have been found to correlate closely with laboratory emission spectra of returned lunar samples measured in a simulated lunar environment. Thus, lunar spectra obtained with the balloon-borne telescope system are the standards against which groundbased spectral measurements of the Moon should be compared. Comparison of balloon-borne measurements with recent groundbased spectral measurements suggests that the latter suffer from some source of systematic error. When high-quality lunar spectra are available, they will be best interpreted by comparison with returned lunar samples, rather than terrestrial minerals or rocks, because of subtle spectral differences between lunar and terrestrial minerals perhaps associated with incipient alteration of the latter.
Toulouse points and non-Fermi-liquid states in the mixed-valence regime of the generalized Anderson model.

We study the mixed-valence regime of a generalized Anderson impurity model using the bosonization approach. This single-impurity problem is defined by the U=\ensuremath{\infty} Anderson model with an additional density-density interaction, as well as an explicit exchange interaction, between the impurity and conduction electrons. We find three points in the interaction parameter space at which all the correlation functions can be calculated explicitly. These points represent the mixed-valence counterparts of the usual Toulouse point for the Kondo problem, and are appropriately named the Toulouse points of the mixed-valence problem. Two of these Toulouse points exhibit a strong coupling, Fermi liquid behavior. The third one shows spin-charge separation; here, the spin-spin correlation functions are Fermi-liquid-like, the charge-charge correlation functions and the single-particle Green function have non-Fermi-liquid behaviors, and a pairing correlation function is enhanced compared to the Fermi liquid case. This third Toulouse point describes the intermediate mixed-valence phase we have previously identified. In deriving these results, we emphasize the importance of keeping track of the anticommutation relation between the fermion fields when applying the bosonization method to the mixed-valence problem. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
On finding a cycle basis with a shortest maximal cycle

Abstract The Shortest Maximal Cycle Basis (SMCB) problem is that of finding a cycle basis B of a given graph G such that the length of the longest cycle included in B is the smallest among all bases of G . We show that any cycle basis B ′ of G such that the sum of the lengths of the cycles included in B ′ is the smallest among all cycle bases of G constitutes a solution to the SMCB problem. Finding a basis with the latter property requires at most O ( m 3 n ) steps using Horton's algorithm where m is the number of edges and n is the number of vertices.
Microcycle conidiation — A review

Microcycle conidiation is defined as the germination of spores by the direct formation of conidia without the intervention of mycelial growth, as occurs in most normal life cycles. It is a method of asexual spore formation in which the normal life cycle of the fungus is bypassed. Spores formed through sexual reproduction and species with unicellular thalli are not included in microcycle conidiation. The term secondary conidium or secondary spore is usually, but not always, synonymous with microcycle conidiation. In the laboratory various factors, but especially temperature, can induce the microcycle condition in such fungi asAspergillus niger, Penicillium andNeurospora crassa, providing a useful tool for research. Microcycle conidiation has also been reported in a broad range of species in nature, and comprises a normal part of the life cycle in several groups, including the Entomophthorales, Taphrinales, Clavicipitales, Uredinales, Ustilaginales, Tremellales and Exobasidiales. The presence of a microcycle in such fungi undoubtedly provides a survival mechanisn for spores that encounter unfavorable conditions.
Analysis and Design of Antennas for Air Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems

The analysis and design procedure of an antenna for a CW Doppler radar system being developed for pilot warning of midair collision hazards is presented. The antenna consists of two vertical arrays of half-wavelength dipoles mounted near a circular conducting cylinder. Each vertical array is composed of three vertical dipoles. Each array provides relatively uniform illumination (2-3 dB) in the forward 180 angular segment of the horizontal plane and approximately + 10-150 coverage in the vertical plane. The antenna could be used in a two-mode operation, either in a standard monopulse radar system (sum and difference amplitude patterns) or in a system where amplitude and phase are the measurable quantities.
Inhibition of influenza and mumps viruses in tissue culture by basic amino acids.

SummaryArginine, lysine, ornithine, and to a lesser extent some other amino acids retard the growth of influenza and mumps viruses in tissue cultures when added at concentrations of 1 to 10 mg/ml. The virustatic effect of arginine and lysine could not be attributed to toxicity or to direct action of these amino acids on the viruses.
Deterministic chaos in failure dynamics: Dynamics of peeling of adhesive tape.

We present a noise-free and deterministic dynamic model to study the dynamics of the contact line of an adhesive tape during the peeling process. The adhesive tape is wrapped around a disk and is pulled with a constant speed at a fixed distance. In a narrow range of the pull speed, the angular speed of the contact line exhibits stick-slip behaviors with irregular bifurcations, which is then followed by the appearance of a period one stick-slip motion before displaying chaotic behaviors with distinctively positive Liapunov exponents.
Human immunodeficiency virus and domestic violence: the sleeping giants of Indian health?

Over the past two decades two significant public health concerns have begun to draw increasing attention in India: the increasing prevalence of HIV and the continued presence of high levels of domestic violence. Although HIV prevalence remains relatively low India now has the largest absolute number of people living with HIV. An estimated adult prevalence of approximately 1% translates into 5.7 million people living with HIV of which 37% are women under the age of 30. This epidemic is taking place in the context of a cultural environment which is characterized by high levels of violence and social norms that often support violence against women. In such a setting it is important to understand the intersections between HIV and domestic violence as successful attempts to reduce HIV prevalence must also entail interventions to reduce domestic violence. (excerpt)
The action of reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine, and bretylium on digitalis-induced cardiotoxicity.

This study determined whether the protective effect of reserpine against ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the cat is due to an action of the drug on the adrenergic nerve terminal. Rescrpine (5 mg/kg i.p.) administered 24 h prior to ouabain (2 μg/kg per min i.v., until death) increased the dose of ouabain to produce premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and death from 77.3 ± 5.2 to 105.0 ± 6.0; 84.9 ± 5.2 to 132.7 ± 9.1; and 108.8 ± 4.0 to 165.7 ± 10.4 μg/kg, respectively (P<0.05). When 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA; 20 mg/kg i.v.) was given 3 days prior to the experiment, the protective effect of reserpinc was not evident. When bretylium (20 mg/kg i.v., 2 h prior to ouabain) was administered to animals previously treated with reserpine, the dose of ouabain which produced premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and death was increased to 109.0 ± 72 146.1 ± 12.6; and 165.8 ± 7.6 μg/kg, respectively (P<0.05). However, the magnitude of this protective action was similar to that produced by rcserpine alone. Lathers et al. (Fed. Proc. 40, 672, 1981) reported that bretylium alone provides protection of a similar order of magnitude as reserpine. Thus, the effects of rescrpine and bretylium were not additive: this indicates that the two agents may be acting on the same locus or they may be acting at different sites with the action of one drug masking or blocking the action of the other. Since 60HDA prevented the action of rcserpine on ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmia and since 60HDA only produces degeneration of adrenergic nerve terminals, it is probable that the protective effect of both reserpine and bretylium is due to an action at the adrenergic nerve terminal. The heart rate and blood pressure were not involved in the antiarrhythmic effects of rcserpine.
Bladder rupture following formalin therapy for hemorrhage secondary to cyclophosphamide therapy

Abstract Cyclophosphamide therapy is often followed by bladder hemorrhage. Instillation of a formalin solution has been used to control the bleeding. A complication of this therapy is presented herein.
A biomechanical evaluation of all-inside 2-stitch meniscal repair devices with matched inside-out suture repair.

Background:Many all-inside suture-based devices are currently available, including the Meniscal Cinch, FasT-Fix, Ultra FasT-Fix, RapidLoc, MaxFire, and CrossFix System. These different devices have been compared in various configurations, but to our knowledge, the Sequent meniscal repair device, which applies running sutures, has not been compared with the Ultra FasT-Fix, nor has it been compared with its suture, No. 0 Hi-Fi, using an inside-out repair technique.Purpose:To assess the quality of the meniscal repair, all new devices should be compared with the gold standard: the inside-out repair. To that end, this study aims to compare the biomechanical characteristics of running sutures delivered by the Sequent meniscal repair device with 2 vertical mattress sutures applied using the Ultra FasT-Fix device and with 2 vertical mattress sutures using an inside-out repair technique with No. 0 Hi-Fi suture.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Paired (medial and lateral), fresh-frozen porcine menisc...
Revision of Three New World Macrosiagon Hentz Species (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae) with a Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships within the Macrosiagonini

Abstract Macrosiagon vittata (Erichson), M. mutilata (Gerstaecker) and M. gracilis Manfrini de Brewer are assigned to the new provisional species group vittata on the basis of possessing two protibial apical spurs, a transversely flattened vertex not elevated above the dorsal margin of the eyes and thread-like antennal rami in males. A key to these species is presented and each is redescribed. The following nomenclatural changes are made: M. mutilata (Gerstaecker) (= M. quadrimaculata (Gerstaecker), = M. melanoptera (Chevrolat), = M. vitraci (Fleutiaux and Salle)) new synonymies, and M. vittata (Erichson) (= M. vittata var. biinterrupta Pic, = M. vittata var. bahiensis Pic, = M. vittata var. latelutea Pic, = M. discicollis (Gerstaecker), = M. brasiliensis Pic, = M. pectoralis Pic) new synonymies. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for the following species: M. mutilata, M. quadrimaculata and M. vittata. A brief discussion of Macrosiagon taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within the Macrosia...
Are homo economicus and homo politicus identical twins

When we view social and economic cooperation through the lens of game theoretic strategic interaction, we find that they have essentially identical abstract representations. If instead we view them substantively according to the issues with which they deal, they are commonly different. But even while they are substantively different, they depend heavily on each other, so that at the very minimum they are inextricably intertwined. If we do not get our economic interactions right, our social interactions will fail too, and vice versa., In other words, the social and economic fields are game theoretically identical; and they are substantively inseparable, even though they are not identical. Arguably the chief reason that we often separate them is that their modal focuses differ dramatically. In the development of microeconomics the focus is overwhelmingly on pairs involved in exchange. Politics primarily deals with the larger group and social levels of interaction. The movements of rational choice theory and of institutional economics in our time are fairly far reaching efforts to bring these two focuses together.
Baseline mean and heterogeneity of MR cartilage T2 are associated with morphologic degeneration of cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow over 3 years--data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Summary Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether the mean and heterogeneity of magnetic resonance (MR) knee cartilage T 2 relaxation time measurements at baseline are associated with morphologic degeneration of cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow tissues over 3years in subjects with risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Design Subjects with risk factors for OA ( n =289) with an age range of 45–55years were selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database. 3.0 Tesla MR images were analyzed using morphological gradings of cartilage, bone marrow and menisci whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging scores (WORMS scoring). A T 2 mapping sequence was used to assess the mean and heterogeneity of cartilage T 2 (gray level co-occurrence matrix texture analysis). Regression models were used to assess the relationship between baseline T 2 parameters and changes in morphologic knee WORMS scores over 3years. Results The prevalence of knee abnormalities in the cartilage ( P P P 2 were significantly ( P Conclusions The prevalence of knee abnormalities significantly increased over 3years; increased cartilage T 2 at baseline predicted longitudinal morphologic degeneration in the cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow over 3years in subjects with risk factors for OA.
LANGUAGE AND AGENCY

▪ Abstract This review describes and critiques some of the many ways agency has been conceptualized in the academy over the past few decades, focusing in particular on practice theorists such as Giddens, Bourdieu, de Certeau, Sahlins, and Ortner. For scholars interested in agency, it demonstrates the importance of looking closely at language and argues that the issues surrounding linguistic form and agency are relevant to anthropologists with widely divergent research agendas. Linguistic anthropologists have made significant contributions to the understanding of agency as it emerges in discourse, and the final sections of this essay describe some of the most promising research in the study of language and gender, literacy practices, and the dialogic construction of meaning and agency.
An efficient network intrusion detection method based on information theory and genetic algorithm

The Internet has been growing at an amazing rate and concurrent with the growth, the vulnerability of the Internet is also increasing. Though the Internet has been designed to withstand various forms of failure, the intrusion tools and attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, exposing the Internet to new threats. To make networked systems reliable and robust it becomes highly essential to develop on-line monitoring, analysis and quantification of the behavior of networks under a wide range of attacks and to recover from these attacks. In this paper, we present a hybrid method based on information theory and genetic algorithm to detect network attacks. Our approach uses information theory to filter the traffic data and thus reduce the complexity. We use a linear structure rule to classify the network behaviors into normal and abnormal behaviors. We apply our approach to the kdd99 benchmark dataset and obtain high detection rate of 99.25% as well as low false alarm rate of 1.66%.