cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding an Indian Poet

Kate, Thank you. For your persistence. Somebody mentioned Jim Welch recently, but I can t remember who. And I thought then, Hmmmmm, oh yeah, Kate Shanley is doing a SAIL issue, and maybe I should write something. Well, so here you are in the next breath ... Would an informal-sounding memory piece be alright? I think I could do something like that. It'll be interesting to me anyway. Geesuz, I think it was 1967-68 when I was asking around for Indian poets. Indian poets? You mean poetry written by Indians, right? I thought I was the only one doing it! Well, I knew of the young poets at the Institute of American Indian Art (IAIA) beginning to barely surface in the modern world. By the way, I just met James McGrath recently in Santa Fe at the Lannan Readings and Conversations event I did with Joy Harjo and Leslie Marmon Silko. McGrath and his wife, T. D. Allen, were teach ers and mentors of the young poets at IAIA in the 1960s when IAIA started. But other than that, there were no poets. Nothing. I mean lit erally nothing. Oh, there were poems rendered from musings by non-Indian afi cionados of Indian songs and "Indian ways." Usually hokey and corny
Information content of binding sites on nucleotide sequences

Abstract Repressors, polymerases, ribosomes and other macromolecules bind to specific nucleic acid sequences. They can find a binding site only if the sequence has a recognizable pattern. We define a measure of the information ( R sequence ) in the sequence patterns at binding sites. It allows one to investigate how information is distributed across the sites and to compare one site to another. One can also calculate the amount of information ( R frequency ) that would be required to locate the sites, given that they occur with some frequency in the genome. Several Escherichia coli binding sites were analyzed using these two independent empirical measurements. The two amounts of information are similar for most of the sites we analyzed. In contrast, bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase binding sites contain about twice as much information as is necessary for recognition by the T7 polymerase, suggesting that a second protein may bind at T7 promoters. The extra information can be accounted for by a strong symmetry element found at the T7 promoters. This element may be an operator. If this model is correct, these promoters and operators do not share much information. The comparisons between R sequence and R frequency suggest that the information at binding sites is just sufficient for the sites to be distinguished from the rest of the genome.
Distributed Algorithms for Multimessage Multicasting

We consider the multimessage multicasting over the $n$ processor complete (or fully connected) static network when the forwarding of messages is allowed, and initially each processor only knows the messages it needs to send and their destinations. We present an efficient distributed algorithm to route the messages for every degree $d$ problem instance with total expected communication time $O(d + \log n)$, where $d$ is the maximum number of messages that each processor may send (or receive). Our routing algorithm consists of three phases. In the first phase the processors exchange messages to learn some basic global information. In the second phase each processor forwards its messages to transform the problem to a multimessage unicasting problem of degree $d$. The third phase uses a well known distributed algorithm to transmit all the unicasting messages.
A sex-linked esterase locus and translocation heterozygosity in a termite

Slow vs. fast alleles at an esterase locus show a sex-linked pattern of inheritance in colonies of the termite Incisitermes schwarzi. As might be expected where a gene has only recently been brought into sex-linkage by means of a translocation between an autosome and a sex-chromosome, males as well as females can be heterozygous; males are therefore “holozygous”, not hemizygous, for this gene. The rate of exchange of this gene between X and Y chromosomes is 2/266 or less. In the founding reproductives (male or female), X chromosomes may have either the fast or the slow allele; in males, only Y chromosomes carrying the fast allele have been found. This linkage disequilibrium may be due to a founder effect, to “hitch-hiking” of the gene with the translocation, or to a sex difference in the fitness of gene combinations at or near this locus.
Multicolor reordering of sparse matrices resulting from irregular grids

Many iterative algorithms for the solution of large linear systems may be effectively vectorized if the diagonal of the matrix is surrounded by a large band of zeroes, whose width is called the zero stretch. In this paper, a multicolor numbering technique is suggested for maximizing the zero stretch of irregularly sparse matrices. The technique, which is a generalization of a known multicoloring algorithm for regularly sparse matrices, executes in linear time, and produces a zero stretch approximately equal to n/2s, where 2s is the number of colors used in the algorithm. For triangular meshes, it is shown that s ≤ 3, and that it is possible to obtain s = 2 by applying a simple backtracking scheme.
“Amateur” versus “professional” standards in acting∗

(1947). “Amateur” versus “professional” standards in acting. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 47-50.
Land Ownership and Property Rights in the Adirondack Park of New York, USA

Abstract Land ownership in the United States is understood as a bundle of sticks representing rights to sell, lease, bequeath, mine, subdivide, develop, and so forth. The right of exclusion allows owners to prevent others from exercising a right of access. Historically, access and then exclusion contributed to a sense of self-determination and personal freedom in the American landscape. Governing agencies reserve four rights for their use: condemnation, regulation, taxation, and escheat. Using these rights, as well as market purchases, the State of New York has established a Forest Preserve, created an Adirondack Park, and managed private land that remains inside park boundaries. Over the past 15 years, the State has also acquired easements to obtain some rights from private landowners. These transactions have grown increasingly complex, involving not only conservation easements, to prevent subdivision and development, but also easements for access, trespass, recreation, and harvest. Special interests hav...
TUBIFEX TUBIFEX FROM ALASKA AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MYXOBOLUS CEREBRALIS

Although widespread throughout the continental United States, Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite that causes whirling disease in salmonids, has not been reported from the state of Alaska. As part of a risk assessment for the introduction and establishment of M. cerebralis into Alaska, the distribution of the invertebrate host Tubifex tubifex was surveyed, and its genetic composition and susceptibility to the parasite were determined. Many oligochaetes, but no T. tubifex, were collected from southeastern Alaska; however, 4 lineages of T. tubifex (I, III, IV, and VI) were identified from south-central Alaska. Lineage IV had not been previously described in North America, and its susceptibility to M. cerebralis was unknown. When lineage IV T. tubifex and 3 mixed lineage (I, III, IV, and VI) groups were exposed to M. cerebralis, only lineage III became infected under our experimental conditions. Infection occurred in this lineage even when it made up just 3% of the population. Implications of the presence of nonsusceptible lineages of T. tubifex on Alaskan salmonids would be significant in areas where these lineages dominate T. tubifex populations.
Antioxidant defense responses to sleep loss and sleep recovery

Sleep deprivation in humans is widely believed to impair health, and sleep is thought to have powerful restorative properties. The specific physical and biochemical factors and processes mediating these outcomes, however, are poorly elucidated. Sleep deprivation in the animal model produces a condition that eventually becomes highly lethal, lacks specific localization, and is reversible with sleep, implying mediation by a biochemical abnormality. Metabolic and immunological consequences of sleep deprivation point to a high potential for antioxidant imbalance. The objective, therefore, was to study glutathione content in the liver, heart, and lung, because glutathione is considered a major free radical scavenger that reflects the degree to which a tissue has been oxidatively challenged. We also investigated major enzymatic antioxidants, including catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as indexes of glutathione recycling. Catalase activity and glutathione content, which normally are tightly regulated, were both decreased in liver by 23-36% by 5 and 10 days of sleep deprivation. Such levels are associated with impaired health in other animal models of oxidative stress-associated disease. The decreases were accompanied by markers of generalized cell injury and absence of responses by the other enzymatic antioxidants under study. Enzymatic activities in the heart indicated an increased rate of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity during sleep deprivation. Recovery sleep normalized antioxidant content in liver and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities in both the liver and the heart. The present results link uncompensated oxidative stress to health effects induced by sleep deprivation and provide evidence that restoration of antioxidant balance is a property of recovery sleep.
Human cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) variants and chronic pancreatitis

Variations in the serine protease 1 (PRSS1) gene encoding human cationic trypsinogen have been conclusively associated with autosomal dominant hereditary pancreatitis and sporadic nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Most high-penetrance PRSS1 variants increase intrapancreatic trypsin activity by stimulating trypsinogen autoactivation and/or by inhibiting chymotrypsin C-dependent trypsinogen degradation. Alternatively, some PRSS1 variants can cause trypsinogen misfolding, which results in intracellular retention and degradation with consequent endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, not all PRSS1 variants are pathogenic, and clinical relevance of rare variants is often difficult to ascertain. Here we review the PRSS1 variants published since 1996 and discuss their functional properties and role in chronic pancreatitis.
A New Plasma-Flame Facility for Spectroscopic Investigations of the Effects of Plasmas on High- Temperature Oxidation and Combustion Chemistry

In this paper we will describe the development of new plasma-flame facility for investigating the effects of high-voltage, nanosecond-duration plasma discharges on moderate-to-high temperature fuel oxidation and reaction chemistry present under combusting conditions. The plasma-flame facility has two operating configurations including (1) “upstream plasma generation”, where the discharge is initiated upstream of the higher temperature regions and the newly formed excited-state species and radical convect upwards towards the flame. (2) “directly-coupled” configuration, where the entire flame, including the preheat zone, reaction zone, and product zone, are encapsulated within the plasma discharge. We describe the system performance to date, including plasma uniformity, minimal Joule heating, and an initial characterization of the effects of the plasma discharges on the reaction chemistry.
An interference suppression scheme for UWB Signals using multiple receive antennas

In this letter a simple narrow band interference (NBI) mitigation scheme for ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) signals using multiple receive antennas is examined. The low spatial fading characteristic of UWB signals is exploited to provide "interference diversity" by selecting the signal with the lowest received power among multiple antennas. The resulting distribution of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) at the receiver is derived and compared with results based on measurement data. The performance improvement of the scheme in mitigating NBI is also examined through BER simulations.
Crises and the Study Of Alliance Politics

The history of the Atlantic Alliance is one of recurrent "crises" among its members. Participants and observers alike have been prone to use the notion of an "Alliance crisis" as a form of political shorthand to indicate the presence of greater-than-normal tensions and strains. An excessive reliance on this kind of shorthand, however, can obscure far more than it reveals; it can also serve as an impediment rather than as an aid to theory construction. A better approach would be to develop a structural theory of alliance behavior-one that might provide insights into the nature of alliance relationships.
Timing of Muscle Activation in a Hand Movement Sequence

Recent studies have described muscle synergies as overlapping, multimuscle groups defined by synchronous covariation in activation intensity. A different approach regards a synergy as a fixed temporal sequence of bursts of activity across groups of motoneurons. To pursue this latter definition, the present study used a principal component (PC) analysis tailored to reveal the across-muscle temporal synergies of human hand movement. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded as subjects used a manual alphabet to spell a list of words. The analysis was applied to the EMG waveforms from 27 letter-to-letter transitions of equal duration. The first PC (of 27) represented the main temporal synergy; after practice, it began to account for more of the EMG variance (up to 40%). This main synergy began with a burst in the 4-finger extensor and a silent period in the flexors. There were then progressively later and shorter bursts in the thumb abductor, thumb flexor, little finger abductor, and finally the finger flexors. The results suggest that hand movements may be generated by activity waves unfolding in time. Because finger muscles are under relatively direct cortical control, this suggests a specific form of cortical pattern generation.
A direct comparison of tirofiban and abciximab during percutaneous coronary revascularization and stent placement: Rationale and design of the TARGET study ☆ ☆☆

Background Trials testing intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists in the setting of percutaneous coronary revascularization and empirically during acute coronary syndromes have consistently demonstrated a reduction in ischemic events. These trials, however, have varied regarding patient population, type, duration and timing of IIb/IIIa therapy, adjunct therapies, and methods for collection and adjudication of end points. All trials were placebo-controlled, and none involved a direct comparison of IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Whether these agents produce a similar clinical outcome in the contemporary practice of coronary interventions is uncertain. Methods and Results To evaluate the efficacy of tirofiban in patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization with stent placement, a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, abciximab-controlled study is currently underway. All patients will receive preprocedural clopidogrel, weight-adjusted heparin, and aspirin. In 18 countries, 4750 patients undergoing nonemergency percutaneous coronary revascularization will be studied. The primary end point will be the composite 30-day occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, or urgent target vessel revascularization. Secondary end points will include 6-month death, myocardial infarction, or any myocardial revascularization and 1-year death. Conclusion This is the first large-scale, head-to-head comparison of 2 established IIb/IIIa inhibitors in interventional cardiology. Enrollment is expected to be complete by mid-2000. (Am Heart J 2000;140:722-6.)
Subduing the hepatitis E Python

Inspired by the Ancient Greeks, past students of in fectious diseases have often personified in that many headed monster, Hydra, the terrifying effects of scourges such as cholera, scarlet fever, diphtheria, yellow fever and malaria [1-4]. Hercules-like, these pioneers laboured to prod and probe the beast, in tending to identify its vulnerabilities and deliver the final, mortal blows [5]. They have largely been suc cessful, although cholera and malaria remain as some of the few heads to slay.
The dependence of the input impedance on feed position of probe and microstrip line-fed patch antennas

The impedance of a rectangular patch antenna fed by an inset microstrip transmission line was measured for various feed positions. The dependence found was then compared to theoretical predictions both for this geometry and for the similar case of an inset coaxial probe feed.
Meshed atlases for real-time procedural solid texturing

We describe an implementation of procedural solid texturing that uses the texture atlas, a one-to-one mapping from an object's surface into its texture space. The method uses the graphics hardware to rasterize the solid texture coordinates as colors directly into the atlas. A texturing procedure is applied per-pixel to the texture map, replacing each solid texture coordinate with its corresponding procedural solid texture result. The procedural solid texture is then mapped back onto the object surface using standard texture mapping. The implementation renders procedural solid textures in real time, and the user can design them interactively.The quality of this technique depends greatly on the layout of the texture atlas. A broad survey of texture atlas schemes is used to develop a set of general purpose mesh atlases and tools for measuring their effectiveness at distributing as many available texture samples as evenly across the surface as possible. The main contribution of this paper is a new multiresolution texture atlas. It distributes all available texture samples in a nearly uniform distribution. This multiresolution texture atlas also supports MIP-mapped minification antialiasing and linear magnification filtering.
Frailty modifies effectiveness of psychosocial intervention in recovery from stroke

Objective : To evaluate the impact of a psychosocial intervention on instrumental activities of daily living, physical performance, cognition and mortality after stroke. Design : A randomized clinical trial. Setting : Patients were recruited from hospitals and rehabilitation centres; the intervention took place in subjects' homes. Subjects : Two-hundred and ninety-one stroke survivors over age 45. One-hundred and forty-six subjects were assigned to the intervention and 145 subjects were assigned to usual care. Intervention : Up to 16 meetings conducted over six months in the patient's home (approximately weekly for 12 weeks, followed by tri-weekly sessions for another 12 weeks). Sessions lasted approximately 1 hour and included, when possible, the entire support system (stroke survivor, primary caregiver, additional family and friends, and professional caregivers). Main outcome measures : Instrumental activities of daily living, physical performance, and cognition were assessed six months post stroke; mor...
Association between preparatory muscle activation and peak valgus knee angle.

Abstract Valgus knee angle (VKA) maybe a predictor of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Pre-programmed muscle activation strategies may exist which could contribute to the larger VKA displayed in women compared to men. The current study examined the relationship between the peak VKA and preparatory muscle activity. Twenty-one adults were asked to perform five trials of a forward hop. Lower extremity kinematics and surface EMG were recorded. Peak VKA and EMG from 100ms prior to ground contact were used in the data analyses. Three multiple linear regressions, where muscle activity was regressed upon the peak VKA, were run using subsets (female, male, and male/female) of the sample. Partial regression coefficients were considered significant at P ⩽0.05. When female subjects were exclusively included in the model, a higher peak VKA was associated with increased preparatory vastus lateralis and lateral hamstring activity, while a lower VKA was associated with increased preparatory vastus medialis activity ( P ⩽0.05). When both genders and males alone were considered, preparatory activity was not associated with peak VKA ( P ⩾0.05). Neuromuscular training promoting equal preparatory muscle activity in the medial-to-lateral quadriceps and hamstrings may reduce the incidence of ACL injuries in females.
The Effect of Ionic Conditions on DNA Helical Repeat, Effective Diameter and Free Energy of Supercoiling

We determined the free energy of DNA supercoiling as a function of the concentration of magnesium and sodium chloride in solution by measuring the variance of the equilibrium distribution of DNA linking number, . We found that the free energy of supercoiling changed >1.5-fold over the range of ionic conditions studied. Comparison of the experimental results with those of computer simulations showed that the ionic condition dependence of is due mostly to the change in DNA effective diameter, d, a parameter characterizing the electrostatic interaction of DNA segments. To make this comparison we determined values of d under all ionic conditions studied by measuring the probability of knot formation during random cyclization of linear DNA molecules. From the topoisomer distributions we could also determine the changes in DNA helical repeat, gamma, in mixed NaCl/MgCl2 solutions. Both gamma and d exhibited a complex pattern of changes with changing ionic conditions, which can be described in terms of competition between magnesium and sodium ions for binding to DNA.
Effects of a Supplemental Intervention Focused in Equivalency Concepts for Students With Varying Abilities

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a Tier 2 supplemental intervention focused on rational number equivalency concepts and applications on the mathematics performance of third-grade students with and without mathematics difficulties. The researcher used a pretest–posttest control group design and random assignment of 19 participants to core instruction and 19 participants to core + intervention instruction. Intervention instruction included the ratio interpretation of rational number in conjunction with explicit and conceptual instructional components—judicious review opportunities, concrete and visual representations, systematic task progression focused on big ideas, teacher and student verbalizations, and multiple opportunities for practice—to deliver a sequence of 20 intervention sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Students receiving core instruction plus intervention outperformed those receiving only core instruction on a standard measure of the intervention content as well as a pre...
Differential distribution of synaptic endings containing glutamate, glycine, and GABA in the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus.

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates the synaptic information depending on the organization of the excitatory and inhibitory connections. This study provides, qualitatively and quantitatively, analyses of the organization and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory input on projection neurons (fusiform cells), and inhibitory interneurons (vertical and cartwheel cells) in the DCN, using a combination of high-resolution ultrastructural techniques together with postembedding immunogold labeling. The combination of ultrastructural morphometry together with immunogold labeling enables the identification and quantification of four major synaptic inputs according to their neurotransmitter content. Only one category of synaptic ending was immunoreactive for glutamate and three for glycine and/or γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA). Among those, nine subtypes of synaptic endings were identified. These differed in their ultrastructural characteristics and distribution in the nucleus and on three cell types analyzed. Four of the subtypes were immunoreactive for glutamate and contained round synaptic vesicles, whereas five were immunoreactive for glycine and/or GABA and contained flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. The analysis of the distribution of the nine synaptic endings on the cell types revealed that eight distributed on fusiform cells, six on vertical cells and five on cartwheel cells. In addition, postembedding immunogold labeling of the glycine receptor α1 subunit showed that it was present at postsynaptic membranes in apposition to synaptic endings containing flattened or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and immunoreactive for glycine and/or GABA on the three cells analyzed. This information is valuable to our understanding of the response properties of DCN neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:253–272, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cement Kiln Temperature Measurements Using Microwave Radiometry

Conventional remote temperature measurements in cement kilns and other high-temperature industrial processes are often difficult or impossible because of the presence of dust that disables infrared remote temperature sensors. Microwave radiation is much less scattered by dust. Results from tests of an X-band microwave radiometer and antenna system at a cement kiln show that with calibration, this instrumentation will be useful in monitoring process temperatures in hostile industrial environments.
More lessons from the Hadza about men's work.

Unlike other primate males, men invest substantial effort in producing food that is consumed by others. The Hunting Hypothesis proposes this pattern evolved in early Homo when ancestral mothers began relying on their mates’ hunting to provision dependent offspring. Evidence for this idea comes from hunter-gatherer ethnography, but data we collected in the 1980s among East African Hadza do not support it. There, men targeted big game to the near exclusion of other prey even though they were rarely successful and most of the meat went to others, at significant opportunity cost to their own families. Based on Hadza data collected more recently, Wood and Marlowe contest our position, affirming the standard view of men’s foraging as family provisioning. Here we compare the two studies, identify similarities, and show that emphasis on big game results in collective benefits that would not be supplied if men foraged mainly to provision their own households. Male status competition remains a likely explanation for Hadza focus on big game, with implications for hypotheses about the deeper past.
Regulation of the G-protein Regulatory-Gαi Signaling Complex by Nonreceptor Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Group II activators of G-protein signaling (AGS) serve as binding partners for Gαi/o/t via one or more G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs. GPR-Gα signaling modules may be differentially regulated by cell surface receptors or by different nonreceptor guanine nucleotide exchange factors. We determined the effect of the nonreceptor guanine nucleotide exchange factors AGS1, GIV/Girdin, and Ric-8A on the interaction of two distinct GPR proteins, AGS3 and AGS4, with Gαil in the intact cell by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. AGS3-Rluc-Gαi1-YFP and AGS4-Rluc-Gαi1-YFP BRET were regulated by Ric-8A but not by Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV) or AGS1. The Ric-8A regulation was biphasic and dependent upon the amount of Ric-8A and Gαi1-YFP. The inhibitory regulation of GPR-Gαi1 BRET by Ric-8A was blocked by pertussis toxin. The enhancement of GPR-Gαi1 BRET observed with Ric-8A was further augmented by pertussis toxin treatment. The regulation of GPR-Gαi interaction by Ric-8A was not altered by RGS4. AGS3-Rluc-Gαi1-YFP and AGS4-Rluc-G-Gαi1-YFP BRET were observed in both pellet and supernatant subcellular fractions and were regulated by Ric-8A in both fractions. The regulation of the GPR-Gαi1 complex by Ric-8A, as well as the ability of Ric-8A to restore Gα expression in Ric8A−/− mouse embryonic stem cells, involved two helical domains at the carboxyl terminus of Ric-8A. These data indicate a dynamic interaction between GPR proteins, Gαi1 and Ric-8A, in the cell that influences subcellular localization of the three proteins and regulates complex formation.
Numerical Methods for the Helmholtz Equation with Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions in Exterior Domains

Finite element methods are constructed for the reduced wave equation with special attention to unbounded domains. Exterior boundary conditions for a computational problem are derived by the DtN method, giving rise to exact (and thereby unique) solutions. Simple expressions that determine a sufficient number of terms in the truncated DtN operator (which is employed in practice) for unique solutions at any given wave number are derived. A local approximation of the boundary conditions restores uniqueness for all wave numbers. Galerkin and Galerkin/least-squares finite element methods are presented. The Galerkin/least-squares method with DtN boundary conditions is designed to exhibit superior behavior, providing accurate solutions with relatively low mesh resolution and allowing damping of unresolved waves. Convergence results guarantee the good performance of Galerkin/least-squares methods on configurations of practical interest. Numerical tests validate these conclusions.
A Theory of Young Firm Acquisitions

Evidence suggests that young firm acquisitions have outgrown both IPOs and established firm acquisitions. To study this phenomenon, we develop a dynamic equilibrium model of mergers and acquisitions as efficient reallocation of assets. A firm may build assets that it may not be able to manage successfully. If so, the firm may be acquired by an established firm that has proved its ability to manage such assets successfully. A young firm has not yet proved its ability to manage assets, and can only do so by remaining independent and managing assets. We find that when the transaction costs of acquisition decrease and/or the costs of building and managing assets increase, an established firm switches from building new assets internally to acquiring a young firm. We also find that when the young firm's attempt to manage assets are less likely to fail and/or assets obsolete sooner, more young firms become acquisition targets and the fraction of independent young firms such as IPO firms declines. Our model is consistent with some stylized facts of mergers and acquisitions such as the bidder discount, the target premia and the size distribution of acquirers and targets.
Undetectable Heart Rate and No Respiratory Effort

Please read the following vignette and watch the video clip (Fig). Figure. A 39–2/7-weeks’ gestation infant is delivered by emergent caesarian delivery due to loss of fetal heart tones. Immediately after the birth, the infant shows no signs of life; the infant is warmed, dried, and positioned. The heart rate is undetectable at 30 seconds, and there is no respiratory effort. Positive pressure ventilation with bag and mask is initiated; 60 seconds after birth, there is still no heart rate. The infant is intubated; positive pressure ventilation is re-established, but the heart rate remains undetectable. The video begins 90 seconds after birth. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? 1. Administer 0.1 mL/kg of the 1:10,000 concentration of epinephrine subcutaneously. 2. Administer 0.1 mL/kg of the 1:10,000 concentration of epinephrine via the endotracheal tube (ETT). 3. Confirm placement of the ETT with a chest radiograph. 4. Establish vascular access. 5. Perform needle thoracostomy …
An Automated Search Procedure for Fuel Shuffling in PWRs Including Rotation Effects

An automated search procedure for determining a fuel loading pattern with a minimum power peak, called NSHUFLE, has been developed which includes both the rotation and exchange of PWR fuel assemblies. The procedure is an extension of a previously developed approach based on heuristic rules without assembly rotation effects.
Treatment of testicular tumors arising in patients with previous inguinal and/or scrotal surgery.

AbstractOf 20 patients with testicular tumors that occurred after previous inguinal and/or scrotal surgery 6 with seminomas were treated with traditional radiation therapy that included the ipsilateral groin, while 14 with nonseminomatous tumors were treated with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with or without chemotherapy. No patient suffered inguinal lymph node metastases.Based on the satisfactory results in these patients to date and the lack of subsequent detectable recurrence of tumor we do not advocate additional treatment to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes and scrotum.
Device for Measuring Sliding Friction on Highloft Nonwovens

When measuring the sliding friction on highly compliant materials such as fabric batting and foam rubber, a substantial portion of the apparent friction is due to the deformation of the substrate. ...
The Convent as Coven: Gothic Implications of Women-Centered Illness and Healing Narratives in Toni Morrison’s Paradise

Nobel Prize-winning novelist Toni Morrison’s literary oeuvre explores what she believes to be the oft-obscured engagement with black bodies from the perspective of a writer who wants to see herself in the literature. Morrison creates literature that speaks to the suppressed and silenced stories of black girls and women in a way that foregrounds desire as a longing for the fullness of life, love, and self-awareness. In this chapter, I argue that Morrison’s Paradise (1988) features a scene that reimagines the womb as a figurative interior space in order to facilitate individual and communal healing, and that Morrison employs and subverts Gothic tropes to explore the ways in which female bodies that seek this type of healing are Othered by threatened patriarchal structures.1 The reimagined space allows for the creation of illness narratives that signal the possibility for the rebirth of physically and/or emotionally traumatized women.2 These particular illness narratives depict some of the bleakest and most critical mental and physical illnesses the affected women endure throughout their lives, illnesses that cause them to become unmoored from their communities, families, and selves and force them to seek shelter at the Convent on the outskirts of an all-black town, Ruby. The Convent women’s blatant dismissal of Ruby’s patriarchal structure in favor of a woman-centered environment creates a space for the townsmen to become suspicious of their independent behavior/actions, accuse them of subversive actions, and galvanize a murderous mob to eliminate the women. The actions of Ruby’s men signify a classic Gothic trope of the witch-hunting townsmen who invade the witch’s home to protect their town from her threatening and sinful ways. The violent disruption of this healing process—the mob of men from Ruby breaking into the Convent and shooting/killing the women there—marks the illness-narrative creation process not as futile or worthless, but as a necessary, powerful, and urgent project for women to undertake. Maisha Wester notes that “Otherness in the American Gothic signifies racial difference as well as homosexuality and feminine threat, even as race marks these other transgressions” (20). This chapter argues that when read through a Gothic lens with an emphasis on landscape, the Other, and paranoia, Paradise demonstrates the ways in which self-directed, woman-centered healing in feminine spaces, without the authorization or validation of men, constitutes subversive activity that must be contained and terminated to re-establish patriarchal rule.
A meta-analysis of antibacterial envelope use in prevention of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection.

Objectives:Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection has been a major clinical problem in addition to being a major financial burden. In spite of antimicrobial prophylaxis, CIED infect...
Mueller matrices of hydrosols and their impact on the polarized light fields from the ocean water

Polarimetric characteristics of light from ocean water in combination with standard remote sensing reflectance provide important information about water constituents; they are useful in retrieval of additional water parameters like attenuation-to-absorption ratio and attenuation coefficients and/or establishing additional constraints for retrieval algorithms. The Stokes vectors of light above and below the water surface, which fully represent polarimetric characteristics of water leaving radiance, strongly depend on the particle size distribution and related Mueller matrices of water particulates. In this work we investigate the effect of various hydrosol mixtures of chlorophyllous particles on the polarized light field. The Stokes vectors of scattered light and the degree of polarization (DOP) are generated as outputs of vector radiative transfer simulations for various water compositions. Mie theory as well as T-matrix approaches are used for the generation of scattering matrices. The impact of their variability on the Stokes vectors of polarized light is analyzed.
Lip Service or Actionable Insights? Linking Student Experiences to Institutional Assessment and Data-Driven Decision Making in Higher Education

Despite an increasing focus on issues of accountability, assessment, and data-driven decision making (DDDM) within the postsecondary context, assumptions regarding their value remain largely untest...
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Depression — The Devil Is in the Dosing

In this issue of the Journal, Brunoni and colleagues report on transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of major depression.1 This technique, which delivers weak electrical direct current to the scalp to modulate brain function, is one of a growing number of noninvasive brain stimulation interventions that change brain function and offer an opportunity to study brain–behavior relationships in health and disease. These tools have the potential to translate knowledge of the neural circuitry of the brain and patterns of electrical activity within those circuits (known as neural oscillatory dynamics) into treatments for psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Other related . . .
Using Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relations to predict electrode potential-dependent activation energies

Abstract Various elementary (de-)hydrogenation reactions at transition metal surfaces in heterogeneous catalysis have shown a linear Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi relation (BEP) between the activation energy and the reaction energy across metal surfaces. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we investigate if these BEP relations can be extended to elementary electrochemical reduction reactions involving transfer of a proton-electron pair. We examine the effect of the applied electrode potential on the BEP relations. We focus in particular on elementary electrochemical C H, O H and N H bond formation reactions on 7 close-packed transition metal surfaces, including Ag (111), Au (111), Cu (111), Ni (111), Pt (111), Pd (111) and Rh (111). The potential-dependent activation energies used to construct the BEP relations are calculated using a Marcus theory based approach. The role of interfacial water in the kinetics and the reaction mechanism of C H, O H and N H bond formation is explored. Specifically, two mechanisms are considered, a Tafel-like scheme involving direct surface hydrogenation and a Heyrovsky-like mechanism in which the proton is shuttled via an explicit water molecule. The potential-dependent elementary kinetics across three reduction reaction series, C* → CH4, O* → H2O and N* → NH3, are also discussed. The Heyrovsky-like scheme is the preferred mechanism for C H, O H and N H bond formation on all but two metals. BEP relations hold at the same applied electrode potential for C H, O H and N H formation for both examined mechanisms. However, BEP parameters differ among C H, O H, and N H reactions, indicating that elementary reaction energies alone are not sufficient for comparing the activity of catalysts when electrocatalytic reactions involve such different elementary steps.
Immune Function, Stress-Induced Enhancement

Stress has long been suspected to play a role in the etiology of many diseases, and numerous studies have shown that stress can be immunosuppressive and hence may be detrimental to health. However, there are reasons to believe that under certain conditions stress may enhance, rather than suppress, immune function. This article discusses those reasons and reviews evidence that suggests that stress can, under certain conditions, enhance immune function. It then goes on to explore the functional consequences of a stress-induced enhancement of immunity and proposes a model for examining the relationships among stress, immune function, and health.
Contraception in the adolescent patient.

Having presented an overview of the available methods of contraception, the authors present one approach to prescribing contraceptives based on their experience. First, adolescent patients in our practice are discouraged from engaging in sexual intercourse. Abstinence is the only fail-safe method of contraception and provides benefits both emotionally and physically (i.e., prevention from sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies). If the adolescent plans to be sexually active, however, she is encouraged to select some form of hormonal contraception, namely Norplant, Depo-Provera, or oral contraceptives, in conjunction with condoms. The authors have had little success recommending barrier methods alone. Condoms are used sporadically and the diaphragm is very awkward for adolescents who are still uncomfortable with their bodies and with touching themselves. Of the three hormonal methods, Depo-Provera seems to be well-accepted by our patients. It offers several advantages that we believe make it attractive. First, it does not require any forethought by the patient other than coming in for the injection every 3 months. There is an effective grace period, so the patient is afforded good contraception even if she is up to a month late for her injection. The frequent visits for injections actually can be looked upon as positive, frequent contacts with the patient and can provide opportunities for counseling. In addition, some patients become amenorrheic, which teens view as an advantage, increasing compliance. If it is not likely that a patient will be compliant with every-3-month injections, Norplant is recommended. Studies have shown good acceptance of Norplant by adolescents and that has been the experience of the authors. With appropriate counseling prior to insertion and a counseling session with patients who request removal, the number of actual Norplant removals has been limited. If Depo-Provera and Norplant are not acceptable to the patient, then oral contraceptives are recommended. Of the three methods, more opportunities for failure exist with oral contraceptives. Pills are missed for a variety of reasons, including going away for the weekend; not having a regular schedule, which can interrupt pill-taking; and even ambivalence about becoming pregnant. One recent study demonstrated certain patient characteristics that were associated with good compliance with oral contraceptives, including white race, higher education level, suburban residence, and older age of both the patient and her mate. Keeping these characteristics in mind may be helpful when prescribing oral contraceptives. Of course, it is the patient's prerogative to choose the type of contraception she feels will be best suited for her.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Identifying User Destinations in VirtualWorlds.

This paper focuses on the identification of human activity patterns in SecondLife (SL), a user-constructed virtual environment. SecondLife allows the users to create a virtual avatar, explore areas constructed by other users, socialize, and conduct financial transactions just as one would in the real world. However unlike the real world, new attractions can be constructed within hours and previous ones often fall into disuse rapidly. Without current information about the state of regions in the virtual world, it is difficult to infer the purpose of the user’s actions from location information. In this paper, we present an approach for gathering data on users’ activities and building a map of SecondLife annotated with information about activities that the users were able to perform in each region. Using this map, a recommender agent built into the user’s heads-up display can present suggestions of other areas to visit based on data collected from previous users. We discuss the the use of five supervised classifiers and report classification results for the map construction portion of the agent.
Mental Health Help-Seeking Experience and Attitudes in Latina/o American, Asian American, Black American, and White American College Students

The present study examined the direct and indirect experience of mental health help-seeking, mental health help-seeking attitudes, and psychological health in Latina/o American, Asian American, Black American and White American college students. Participants (mean age = 20.48 years) were 74 Latina/o American (81% women), 307 Black American (91% women), 174 Asian American (72% women), and 180 White American (72% women) college students. They were recruited from a southeastern public university in the U.S. and completed self-report measures online examining help-seeking behavior, help-seeking attitudes, and psychological health. Results revealed that Asian American college students were less likely to have previous experience seeking professional psychological services, less likely to know someone close who had sought psychological services or someone close who was diagnosed with a psychological disorder, than Black American, Latina/o American, and White American college students. Significant group differences were found between the Black American group and the White American group in these help-seeking experiences as well. Other findings, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed.
An Analysis of Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Nepal Using a Modified Social Vulnerability Index

Social vulnerability influences the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. The identification of vulnerable populations and factors that contribute to their vulnerability are crucial for effective disaster risk reduction. Nepal exhibits multihazard risk and has experienced socioeconomic and political upheaval in recent decades, further increasing susceptibility to hazards. However, we still know little regarding social vulnerability in Nepal. Here, we investigate social vulnerability in Nepal by adapting Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) methods to the Nepali context. Variables such as caste, and populations who cannot speak/understand Nepali were added to reflect the essence of the Nepali context. Using principal component analysis, 39 variables were reduced to seven factors that explained 63.02% of variance in the data. Factor scores were summarized to calculate final SoVI scores. The highest levels of social vulnerability are concentrated in the central and western Mountain, western Hill, and central and eastern Tarai regions of Nepal, while the least vulnerable areas are in the central and eastern Hill regions. These findings, supplemented with smaller-scale analyses, have the potential to assist village officers, policymakers, and emergency managers in the development of more effective and geographically targeted disaster management programs.