cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hospital Frailty Risk Score is Not an Accurate Predictor of Treatment Costs for Total Joint Replacement Patients in a Medicare Bundled Payment Population.

Abstract Background Medically complex patients require more resources and experience higher costs within total joint arthroplasty (TJA) bundled payment models. While risk adjustment would be beneficial for such patients, no tool currently exists which can reliably identify these patients preoperatively. The purpose of this study is to determine if the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a valid predictor of high-TJA treatment costs. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent primary TJA between 2015 and 2020 from a single large orthopedic practice. ICD-10 codes from an institutional database were used to calculate HFRS. Cost data including inpatient, postacute, and episode of care (EOC) costs were collected. Charlson comorbidity index, demographics, readmissions, and complications were analyzed. Results 4936 patients had a calculable HFRS and those with intermediate and high scores experienced more frequent readmissions/complications after TJA, as well as higher EOC costs. However, HFRS did not reliably predict EOC costs, yielding a sensitivity of 49% and specificity of 66%. Multivariate analysis revealed that both patient age and sex are superior individual cost predictors when compared with HFRS. Secondary analyses indicated that HFRS more effectively predicts TJA complications and readmissions but is still nonideal for clinical applications. Conclusion HFRS has poor sensitivity as a predictor of high-EOC costs for TJA patients but has adequate specificity for predicting postoperative readmissions and complications. Further research is needed to develop a scale that can appropriately predict orthopedic cost outcomes.
E-cigarettes and Vaping, Product-use Associated Lung Injury: A Case Series of Adolescents.

Author(s): Khan, Abdullah; Parlette, Karli; Kuntz, Heather M. | Abstract: Introduction: Lung injury associated with the use of electronic cigarettes and vaping (EVALI) was first identified in 2019. Since then, clusters of cases have been reported in the literature. Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation of adolescents with EVALI in the emergency department and their clinical outcomes.Case Series: In our case series, we identified seven adolescents diagnosed with EVALI. We describe their signs and symptoms on presentation to the emergency department and their clinical course. The most common symptoms on presentation were cough, shortness of breath, and vomiting. Each of these symptoms was seen in 71% of patients (n = 5), although not always together. Sinus tachycardia was noticed in 100% of patients (n = 7) and tachypnea in 85% (n = 6). While 85% (n = 6) required hospitalization for respiratory support, all patients were later discharged home on room air. After the diagnosis of EVALI, 85% of patients (n = 6) were treated with steroids.Conclusion: EVALI is a new disease with unclear mechanisms that commonly presents with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, and vomiting. It causes severe respiratory compromise in the adolescent population, requiring hospitalization and respiratory support.
Trisomy 21-associated increases in chromosomal instability are unmasked by comparing isogenic trisomic/disomic leukocytes from people with mosaic Down syndrome

Down syndrome, which results from a trisomic imbalance for chromosome 21, has been associated with 80+ phenotypic traits. However, the cellular changes that arise in somatic cells due to this aneuploid condition are not fully understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine if germline trisomy 21 is associated with an increase in spontaneous somatic cell chromosomal instability frequencies (SCINF). To achieve this aim, we quantified SCINF in people with mosaic Down syndrome using a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay. By comparing values in their isogenic trisomic/disomic cells, we obtained a measure of differences in SCINF that are directly attributable to a trisomy 21 imbalance, since differential effects attributable to "background" genetic factors and environmental exposures could be eliminated. A cross-sectional assessment of 69 people with mosaic Down syndrome (ages 1 to 44; mean age of 12.84 years) showed a significantly higher frequency of micronuclei in their trisomic (0.37 ± 0.35 [mean ± standard deviation]) compared to disomic cells (0.18 ± 0.11)(P <0.0001). The daughter binucleates also showed significantly higher levels of abnormal patterns in the trisomic (1.68 ± 1.21) compared to disomic (0.35 ± 0.45) cells (P <0.0001). Moreover, a significant Age x Cell Type interaction was noted (P = 0.0113), indicating the relationship between age and SCINF differed between the trisomic and disomic cells. Similarly, a longitudinal assessment (mean time interval of 3.9 years; range of 2 to 6 years) of 18 participants showed a mean 1.63-fold increase in SCINF within individuals over time for their trisomic cells (P = 0.0186), compared to a 1.13-fold change in their disomic cells (P = 0.0464). In summary, these results showed a trisomy 21-associated, age-related increase in SCINF. They also underscore the strength of the isogenic mosaic Down syndrome model system for "unmasking" cellular changes arising from a trisomy 21 imbalance.
Maturity and individuality in the later writings of J.S. Mill: a unified account

This paper offers an integrated account of maturity and the requisites of individuality in the political thought of John Stuart Mill, bridging his writings on the individual and society. To do so, ...
The Moderating Effect of Privacy and Personalization in Mobile Banking: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Over the last decade, bank industry has made a significant investment on mobile banking (MB) as an innovative tool with an expectation that MB services are being frequently used and increasing customer satisfaction. While the focus has been on increasing MB adoption, banking research shows more value is generated with frequent and continued usage of MB services, an area that has been given little attention. We develop a research model that integrates privacy and personalization with satisfaction and technology acceptance model (TAM) factors to address this gap. Using a sample of 486 MB customers from a US local bank, our regression results reveal that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are significant predictors of satisfaction, which lead to continued usage of MB. However, the interaction effects used in our model show statistical significance for privacy while not for personalization. Limitations and practical implications are discussed.
A promoter haplotype of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-bearing FcγRIIb alters receptor expression and associates with autoimmunity. II. Differential binding of GATA4 and Yin-Yang1 transcription factors and correlated receptor expression and function

The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing FcgammaRIIb modulates immune function on multiple cell types including B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells. The promoter for the human FCGR2B is polymorphic, and the less frequent 2B.4 promoter haplotype is associated with the autoimmune phenotype of systemic lupus erythematosus. In the present study, we demonstrate that the 2B.4 promoter haplotype of FCGR2B has increased binding capacity for GATA4 and Yin-Yang1 (YY1) transcription factors in both B lymphocytes and monocytes, and that overexpression of GATA4 or YY1 enhances the FCGR2B promoter activity. The 2B.4 haplotype leads to elevated expression of the endogenous receptor in heterozygous donors by approximately 1.5-fold as assessed on EBV-transformed cells, primary B lymphocytes, and CD14(+) monocytes. This increased expression accentuates the inhibitory effect of FcgammaRIIb on B cell Ag receptor signaling, measured by Ca(2+) influx and cell viability in B cells. Our results indicate that transcription factors GATA4 and YY1 are involved in the regulation of FcgammaRIIb expression, and that the expression variants of FcgammaRIIb lead to altered cell signaling, which may contribute to autoimmune pathogenesis in humans.
Quantifying Evolving Processes in Multimodal 3D Medical Images

Quantitative measurements of changes in evolving brain pathology, such as multiple sclerosis lesions and brain tumors, are important for clinicians to perform pertinent diagnoses and to help in patient follow-up. Lesions or tumors can vary over time in size, shape, location and composition because of natural pathological processes or the effect of a drug treatment or therapy. In the past, people have used as a quantitative measurement the change in total or regional lesion/tumor volume. In this paper we propose a new model to quantify changes in evolving processes in multimodal 3D medical images. We believe this model reflects changes in pathology more accurately because it simultaneously takes into account information in multiple imaging modalities and the location of lesion/tumor voxels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this model with experiments on synthetic lesion data.
Narrowband frame relay congestion control

The author develops several differing paradigms of congestion control for a frame relay bearer service. These variations are the results of differing requirements from the participating vendors. Frame relay bearer services (FRBS) do not separate flow control and congestion control. Congestion management encompasses both a co-operative protocol to attempt to avoid congestion and, as required, recovery from congestion when it occurs. The ANSI T1S1 standards committees have dealt with a very broad range of requirements. Rather than eliminate requirements, the standards committees chose to provide options, with negotiation at a call establishment, to allow a broad range of capabilities. This provides migration capability for existing functions in both public and private data networks. >
Peroxo-dimolybdate catalyst for the oxygenation of organic sulfides by hydrogen peroxide

Abstract The reaction between Na2MoO4 and hydrogen peroxide at pH around 6.5 resulted in a novel peroxo-dimolybdate anion [{MoO(O2)2}2(μ-O)]2−, which was isolated as a tetrabutylammonium salt (1). X-ray single crystal diffraction study of 1 revealed that there are two η2-peroxo ligands for each Mo center and a single μ-oxo bridge linking two Mo(VI) centers. Compound 1 can function as a stoichiometric oxidant for the oxygenation of organic sulfides and donate up two active oxygen atoms. Furthermore, 1 catalyzes organic sulfide oxygenation by hydrogen peroxide with 100% utility. The catalytic proficiency of 1 was examined with the oxygenation reactions of substrates including benzyl phenyl sulfide, methyl phenyl sulfide and 4-bromo thioanisole with TOF of 240, 550 and 740 h−1, respectively. Based on the initial rate study of several para-substituted thioanisoles, a reactivity constant (ρ) of −1.06 was obtained, which implies an electron deficient transition state. The initial rate study using thioanisole as the substrate also revealed that the reaction is first order in catalyst but zero order in hydrogen peroxide. Based on these results, a mechanism for the activation of hydrogen peroxide is proposed. The DFT calculations of model catalyst and substrate resulted in an activation energy of 75 kJ mol−1 for the transition state, and a reaction free energy of −69 kJ mol−1.
Association Between Diabetes, Obesity, and Short-Term Outcomes Among Patients Surgically Treated for Ankle Fracture.

Background: Although obesity is widely accepted as a risk factor for surgical complications following orthopaedic surgery, the literature is unclear with regard to the effect of obesity on outcomes of ankle fracture surgery, particularly in the setting of competing risks from diabetes. We hypothesized that obesity would be independently associated with more frequent complications, longer hospital length of stay, and higher costs of care among patients with and without diabetes. Methods: With use of data from 2001 to 2010 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified all adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for a primary diagnosis of an isolated ankle fracture or dislocation. We then divided patients into four groups according to the presence or absence of diabetes or obesity: Group A included patients with neither diagnosis; Group B, obesity alone; Group C, diabetes alone; and Group D, both diagnoses. Multivariable regression models were constructed to determine the association between diagnostic group and in-hospital complications, hospital length of stay, and imputed costs of care, while controlling for other conditions. Results: The final sample included 148,483 patients (78.4% in Group A, 5.0% in Group B, 13.6% in Group C, and 3.0% in Group D). The median age was 53.0 years, and most patients (62.2%) were female and had a closed bimalleolar or trimalleolar fracture (62.2%). In the unadjusted analysis, the frequency of in-hospital complications (2.6%, 4.2%, 5.3%, and 6.5% in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively; p < 0.001), length of stay (3.0, 3.6, 4.4, and 4.8 days, respectively; p < 0.001), and costs of care ($9686, $10,555, $11,616, and $12,804, respectively, in 2010 U.S. dollars; p < 0.001) increased across groups. Patients with obesity alone (Group B) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 to 1.6), diabetes alone (Group C) (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.2), and both diagnoses (Group D) (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.5) had more frequent in-hospital complications than those with neither diagnosis. Conclusions: We found that patients with concurrent diagnoses of diabetes and obesity had higher health-care utilization and costs than those with neither diagnosis or with obesity alone or diabetes alone. The delay in the diagnosis of diabetes may somewhat obscure the true effect. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section

Summary The effect upon the neonate of a short period of maternal hypotension sustained during the initiation of spinal analgesia for Caesarean section was studied. Babies born to mothers with hypotension were significantly more acidotic than controls although acid-base levels were still within normal limits. Neuro-behavioural studies were found to be normal in both groups at 4 and 24 hours. It was concluded that a short period (<2 minutes) of hypotension was not harmful to the neonate.
Extraordinary genome stability in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia

Mutation plays a central role in all evolutionary processes and is also the basis of genetic disorders. Established base-substitution mutation rates in eukaryotes range between ∼5 × 10−10 and 5 × 10−8 per site per generation, but here we report a genome-wide estimate for Paramecium tetraurelia that is more than an order of magnitude lower than any previous eukaryotic estimate. Nevertheless, when the mutation rate per cell division is extrapolated to the length of the sexual cycle for this protist, the measure obtained is comparable to that for multicellular species with similar genome sizes. Because Paramecium has a transcriptionally silent germ-line nucleus, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that natural selection operates on the cumulative germ-line replication fidelity per episode of somatic gene expression, with the germ-line mutation rate per cell division evolving downward to the lower barrier imposed by random genetic drift. We observe ciliate-specific modifications of widely conserved amino acid sites in DNA polymerases as one potential explanation for unusually high levels of replication fidelity.
Electrophoresis and Electroomosis Influence Local Ionic Concentrations and Shape of Ion Current Pulses in Resistive-Pulse Based Detection

Passage of single molecules and particles through pores is the basis of resistive-pulse sensing. The relative amplitude of the resistive pulse, expressed as a percentage change of the baseline current, carries information on the particle size; thus in order to assure high, easy to detect signals, it is often preferred to perform these experiments at high ionic strengths of the background electrolyte. In cases when particle agglomeration becomes a problem, solutions with low salt content (e.g. 10 mM KCl) must be used to enhance electrostatic repulsion. We performed systematic studies on the effects of ionic strength on the detection of negatively charged polystyrene particles in single polymer pores. We show the shape of the resistive pulse is influenced by the background electrolyte concentration. In all studied solutions, a particle's entrance caused a current decrease, which was used to calculate the effective size of the particles. In salt concentrations up to 400 mM, the current decrease was followed by a current increase whose amplitude decreased with increasing KCl concentration. The current increase occurred at the end of the translocation event, and its magnitude sometimes exceeded the amplitude of the current blockage. The current increase was observed only in cases when the particles moved electrophoretically through a pore whose walls carried charge of the same sign as the particles. The charged walls induced the process of electroosmosis, which acted in the opposite direction to the electrophoretic particle movement. The performed continuum modeling revealed a critical importance of electroosmosis in the formation of transient increase of ionic concentrations caused by an exiting particle, recorded as an increase of ionic current.
On the relationship between Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) ozone and hurricanes

[1] The Earth Probe (EP)/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total ozone (O3) data are employed in an investigation of the relationship between total column ozone and hurricanes. It is shown that variations of total ozone amounts are closely related to the formation, intensification, and movement of a hurricane. A high correlation between TOMS O3 and upper level geopotential height is found within hurricanes. A regime-dependent high correlation between TOMS O3 and vertically integrated potential vorticity fields is also found in a hurricane environment. Several regression models are developed for applying TOMS O3 to hurricane initialization and data assimilation.
Gender Differences in Attitudes toward Mathematics among Undergraduate College Students: The Role of Environmental Variables:

Differences associated with gender in perceptions and attitudes toward mathematics were investigated in a sample of 132 undergraduates. The Mathematics Attitude Questionnaire was administered to 64...
Evolution of polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities with molecular aggregation: A model study of acetylene clusters

Ab initio and model calculations on linear clusters of acetylene molecules have been carried out to identify the effect of weak intermolecular interaction on the intrinsic dipole polarizability (-) and the second hyperpolarizability (γ) and, in particular, to determine the three-body and higher-order effects. Ab initio and model calculations on a linear dimer show clearly that the evolution of properties from the separated limit is largely a consequence of the mutual polarization as the monomers begin to interact. This reveals that intermolecular quantum features are not significant. Furthermore, higher-order response properties play a negligible role in the evolution of lower-order cluster properties. For instance, the hyperpolarizability γ of the monomer is relatively unimportant in the evolution of α of the dimer; the change in α due to dimer formation is dictated largely by the mutual polarization via the intrinsic α′s of the monomer. With this determination, an electrical interaction model can be used to explore α and γ of long acetylene chains, and this serves as a guide to the vibronic coupling effects on hyperpolarizabilities of longchain species. We find, in particular, that the hyperpolarizability of the subunits of long acetylene chains are dramatically enhanced by intermolecular electrical interaction.
Effect of photoperiod and temperature on reproduction of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus.

Abstract Optimal posteclosion ovarian development in monarch butterflies occurs at about 28°C. Higher and lower temperatures appear progressively inhibitory. Reproductive gland development in males follows a similar pattern. Juvenile hormone injections stimulate oocyte maturation in animals held at 20 and 35°C but are most effective at the higher temperature. Juvenile hormone injections are ineffective at 10 and 15°C. The stimulatory effect of increasing photophase on ovarian development was most apparent at optimal temperature. The possible significance of our findings to monarch migration is discussed.
Pyrolysis of monomethylhydrazine for organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) growth

Abstract The pyrolysis mechanism for monomethylhydrazine (MMHy) has been studied using mass spectrometry in an atmospheric pressure flow tube reactor. The MMHy decomposition is seen to occur by a heterogeneous first-order reaction. The pyrolysis rate is independent of the input concentration and ambient, but increasing the surface area results in a significant decrease in the pyrolysis temperature. Decomposition is 50% complete at approximately 500°C for a low SiO 2 surface area of 50 cm 2 . T 50 is reduced to 380°C for a high surface area of 600 cm 2 . The major decomposition products include CH 4 , NH 3 , N 2 and H 2 with traces of HCN, CH 3 NH 2 , CH 2 NH and CH 3 NNH. An analysis of the products indicates that both intramolecular and free radical reactions occur during decomposition. Copyrolysis of TMGa and MMHy indicates formation of an adduct at room temperature, apparently (CH 3 ) 3 Ga : NH 2 NHCH 3 : Ga(CH 3 ) 3 , followed by CH 4 elimination. At higher temperatures, the adduct decomposes with the release of CH 3 and H groups instead of dissociating followed by pyrolysis of the individual precursors. The copyrolysis products are mainly CH 4 and H 2 . The deposit on a sapphire substrate under conditions similar for those used during OMVPE growth was found, using electron microprobe analysis, to consist of Ga and N, indicating the formation of GaN.
Fusion Rocket Based on Stabilized Liner Implosions

Examination continues in detail for the use of controlled fusion for high-energy, crewed-missions to the outer planets at significant continual acceleration $({>}{\rm 0.01}g_{o})$ . Transit times to Jupiter measured in a few months, delivering 200 t of payload, appear possible, but require the use of advanced fuels, e.g., ${\rm D}\hbox{-}{\rm He}^{3}$ , to reduce the excessive burden of radiator mass needed to process the heat of fusion neutrons. Such advanced reactions, however, need plasma temperatures in excess of 100 keV, so adiabatic compression is invoked to match the desired final state to much more modest initial temperature values. This compression would be achieved by stabilized implosion of liquid metal liners, as demonstrated decades ago in the Linus program at the Naval Research Laboratory. Distinctions are drawn between the present propulsion design options and the earlier Linus fusion power reactor based on D-T fuel.
Inhibition of Nucleotide Excision Repair by the Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21

p21, a p53-induced gene product that blocks cell cycle progression at the G1 phase, interacts with both cyclin-dependent kinases and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA functions as a processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon and is required for both DNA replication and nucleotide excision repair. Previous studies have shown that p21 inhibits simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in HeLa cell extracts by interacting with PCNA. In this report we show that p21 blocks nucleotide excision repair of DNA that has been damaged by either ultraviolet radiation or alkylating agents, and that this inhibition can be reversed following addition of PCNA. We have determined that p21 is more effective in blocking DNA resynthesis than in inhibiting the excision step. We further show that a peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of p21, which specifically interacts with PCNA, inhibits polymerase delta-catalyzed elongation of DNA chains almost stoichiometrically relative to the concentration of PCNA. When added at higher levels, this peptide also blocks both SV40 DNA replication and nucleotide excision repair in HeLa cell extracts. These results indicate that p21 interferes with the function of PCNA in both in vitro DNA replication and nucleotide excision repair.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleoside phosphoramidates

Abstract The nucleoside phosphoramidate thymidine-5′-phospho-α-naphthylamidate and thymidine-3′-phospho-α-naphthylamidate were prepared as fluorogenic substrates for the study of enzymatic hydrolysis of the PN bond. With these new substrates, the rate and specificity of hydrolysis of the PN bond of the nucleoside phosphoramidate by snake venom and spleen phosphodiesterase could be studied. It was found that the 5′-phosphoramidate was hydrolyzed by snake venom phosphodiesterase and the 3′-phosphoramidate was hydrolyzed only by the spleen phosphodiesterase. Thus, the specificity requirement for PN bond cleavage is similar to that of the P0 bond cleavage, even though the rate is much slower.
Photoviscoelastic behavior and residual thermal birefringence in optical-grade polycarbonates

The stress-optical coefficient functions of two optical-grade polycarbonates (PCs) have been obtained by simultaneous measurements of the relaxation modulus and strain-optical coefficient functions. Nonlinear behavior of the relaxation modulus and strain-optical coefficient was observed at small strains at room temperature. Comparison of these functions in the linear region with those of a commercial grade PC was made. These functions have been incorporated to linear viscoelastic and photoviscoelastic constitutive equations to calculate residual thermal birefringence in freely quenched PC plates. The numerical results have been compared with the measurements indicating a fair agreement between them.
The Policy Opinions of British Political Activists

This article employs the October 1974 British Election Study to examine the level and nature of political ideology among British political activists, the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on these attitudes, and the impact of the attitudes on political behaviour. On balance, the activist group closely resembles the nonactivist population. Activists are somewhat more ideological in their thinking than nonactivists, but the differences are quite small. Demographic attributes affect the policy attitudes of the elite slightly more than the nonactivists, but again differences are small. The influence of issue attitudes on voting is about the same for activists and nonactivists. These results stand in contrast to studies showing large elite-mass policy differences in the United States and other work documenting ideological orientations in higher levels of the Labour Party.
Forecasting Annual Harvests of Atlantic and Gulf Menhaden

Abstract Continuous records of annual landings and fishing effort exist in the Atlantic purse-seine fishery for Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus since 1940 and the Gulf of Mexico fishery for Gulf menhaden B. patronus since 1946. Currently, year-ahead forecasts of landings from these species-specific fisheries separated by the Florida peninsula are provided to the industry by means of multiple-linear-regression models that relate landings and effort over the data series. Here, we compare three methods for this purpose—multiple regression, time series, and artificial neural networks—to determine whether forecast accuracy can be increased. Best-fit models were developed with each method for each fishery, and then 10-year retrospective analyses of 1-year-ahead catch forecasts were compared among the three methods. In general, multiple-regression and artificial neural network models were similar in their fit to the data series and both were better than time series models, judging from the Akaike informati...
Chemical composition of the SiO2/InSb interface as determined by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The chemical composition of the interface formed between deposited SiO2 films and single‐crystal InSb substrates is investigated using high‐resolution x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with a relatively benign chemical depth‐profiling technique. The SiO2 films are deposited by the thermal decomposition of silane in the presence of oxygen in a chemical‐vapor‐deposition (CVD) reactor. Thermal oxidation of the InSb occurs in the reactor resulting in an In‐rich oxide and elemental Sb at the native oxide/InSb interface. The native oxide was found to be primarily composed of In2O3 and Sb2O3 in a 3:1 ratio. Reduction of the native oxide by silane forms a thin layer of elemental In at the SiO2/native oxide interface. These results are derived from intensity analysis of XPS spectra and are consistent with thermodynamic considerations.
GLADE: Supporting LGBT Staff and Students in a Community College District.

LGBT community college employee organizations are still a rare phenomena. This article describes the history, purpose, and structure of the North Orange County Community College District Gay and Lesbian Association of District Employees (GLADE), and it was written collectively by the group. We offer this as one model that supports lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) personnel and students in a community college setting.
Solidification front stability during zone-melting recrystallization of thin silicon films

Abstract The effects of constitutional supercooling and scanning speed on the stability of the solidification front during zone-melting recrystallization of thin silicon films were investigated. We found that constitutional supercooling did not effect the stability of the solid/liquid interface for typical concentrations of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon found in zone-melting recrystallized films. Interface growth was stable for scanning speeds less than 250 μm/s. The critical impurity concentration for which unstable growth is induced for scanning speeds smaller than 250 μm/s was identified. Carbon and nitrogen diffused into the silicon film seem more likely to cause unstable solidification than oxygen.
Work In Progress: Developing Tablet PC Animations for Computer Science Courses

The Tablet PC can be a tool for developing Ink-based animated software supporting the teaching of computer science concepts. We report on a Tablet PC software development course, called CPSC 481, taught in fall 2005 in which each student developed a large Tablet PC application/animation intended to serve a pedagogical tool in some course. At the end of the semester, the students presented their work in a formal class mini-conference and submitted documentation: a User's Manual and a Technical Reference Manual. We explain how CPSC 481 was taught, briefly describe each of the animations developed by the students, and explain how we will use some of the animations in exercises geared towards teaching concepts in a future data structures and algorithms class. Five students presented their work as poster presentations at WIPTE 2006. The students were enthusiastic in their evaluation as shown in the summary.
Effect of Tolyltriazole on the Corrosion Protection of Copper against Ammonia and Disinfectants in Cooling Systems

Tolyltriazole (TTA) has been widely used as a corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloy heat exchanger components in power plant cooling water systems. In this work the effectiveness of TTA protection in the presence of free chlorine, monochloramine, and ammonia was studied, in the context of using secondary treated municipal wastewater as cooling water. Results indicated that the corrosiveness of ammonia becomes negligible in the presence of TTA. Also, monochloramine represents a better disinfection agent in terms of copper corrosion protection by TTA than free chlorine. The packing density, film thickness, and number of layers of TTA adsorbed on the Cu surface were estimated from measurements and compared with estimates from other studies. It was found that copper can work as a catalyst for free chlorine to degrade TTA and that the surface packing density, film thickness, and number of layers increased in the presence of monochloramine.
Ozonolytic cleavage of cycloalkenes to terminally differentiated products

Abstract Conditions are reported which convert cycloalkenes to terminally differentiated products through the intermediacy of α-alkoxy hydroperoxides.
The Effects of Religiosity on Ethical Judgments

The relationship between religiosity and ethical behavior at work has remained elusive. In fact, inconsistent results in observed magnitudes and direction led Hood et al. (The psychology of religion: An empirical approach, 1996) to describe the relationship between religiosity and ethics as “something of a roller coaster ride.” Weaver and Agle (Acad Manage Rev 27(1):77–97, 2002) utilizing social structural versions of symbolic interactionism theory reasoned that we should not expect religion to affect ethical outcomes for all religious individuals; rather, such a relationship likely depends on specific religious attitudes including religious motivation orientation (intrinsic RMO vs. extrinsic RMO), perceived sacred qualities of work (job sanctification), and views of God (VOG, loving vs. punishing). We examined the effects of these three religious attitudes on participants’ judgments of 29 ethically questionable vignettes. Consistent with symbolic interactionism theory, intrinsic RMO and having a loving view of God were both negatively related to endorsing ethically questionable vignettes, whereas extrinsic RMO was positively related to endorsing the vignettes. Unexpectedly, job sanctification was positively related to endorsing the vignettes. However, both intrinsic and extrinsic RMO moderated this relationship such that sanctifying one’s job was related to ethical judgments only for those who were: (a) low in intrinsic RMO or (b) high in extrinsic RMO. We reasoned based on symbolic interactionism theory that intrinsically motivated participants, in contrast to extrinsically motivated participants, may have utilized their religious beliefs as a guiding framework in making ethical judgments.
Mineralogy, petrology and chemistry of lithic fragments from Luna 20 fines - Origin of the cumulate ANT suite and its relationship to high-alumina and mare basalts.

Abstract Bulk analyses of 157 lithic fragments of igneous origin and analyses of their constituent minerals (plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, Mg-Al spinel, chromite, ilmenite, armalcolite, baddeleyite, zirkelite, K-feldspar, interstitial glass high in SiO2 and K2O) have been used to characterize the lunar highland rock suites at the Luna 20 site. The predominant suite is composed of ANT (anorthositic-noritic-troctolitic) rocks, as found at previous Apollo and Luna sites. This suite consists of an early cumulate member, spinel troctolite, and later cumulate rocks which are gradational from anorthosite to noritic and troctolitic anorthosite to anorthositic norite and troctolite; anorthositic norite is the most abundant rock type and its composition is close to the average composition for the highland rocks at this site. Spinel troctolite is a distinctive member of this suite and is characterized by the presence of Mg-Al spinel, magnesian olivine (average, Fo83), and plagioclase. High-alumina basalt with low alkali content is another important rock type and melt of this composition may be parental to the cumulate ANT suite. Alkalic high-alumina basalt (KREEP) was not found in our sample, but may be genetically related to the ANT suite in that it may have formed by partial melting of rocks similar to those of the ANT suite. Fractional crystallization of low alkali, high-alumina basalt probably cannot produce alkalic high-alumina basalt because the enrichment in KREEP component is many times greater than the simultaneous change in major element components. Formation of alkalic high-alumina basalt by mechanical mixing of ANT rocks with very KREEP-rich components is not likely because the high-alumina basalt suite falls on a cotectic in the anorthiteolivine-silica system. Mare basalts may also be genetically related in that they may have been derived by remelting of rocks formed from residual liquids of fractional crystallization of parental low-alkali, high-alumina basalt, plus mafic cumulate crystals; the resultant melt would have a negative Eu anomaly and high Fe Mg and pyroxene plagioclase ratios.
Occupational Roles: Power and Negotiation in the Division of Labor*

The sociology of occupations and professions manifests a clear tendency toward the use of theoretical perspectives which emphasize considerations of power, social control and negotiation. This is most clearly articulated in several substantive areas within the field, notably occupational expansionism, intra-occupational relations, and the environmental context of occupations. A survey of research in these areas suggests some tentative generalizations. Emerging out of this perspective is a view of occupational roles as dynamic and shifting, responding to external groups, and at the same time exhibiting enough flexibility to permit individuals the opportunity to negotiate the parameters of their roles.
Differential bedload transport rates in a gravel‐bed stream: A grain‐size distribution approach

Two methods that were recently proposed for calculating fractional bedload transport rates in gravel-bed streams are examined closely. Both of them employ the Oak Creek bedload data. The Diplas (PD) method is guided by dimensional analysis and, therefore, can be used to predict bedload transport in different gravel rivers. The only requirement for using this method is the knowledge of the subsurface material size distribution of the stream of interest. The expression for the fractional bedload transport obtained by the Shih and Komar (SK) method for Oak Creek cannot be used for other streams. Its use for a given stream requires information that is rarely available. For the Oak Creek case both methods demonstrate similar predictive ability.
Multiple phosphorylation sites of rat liver glycogen synthase.

Rat liver glycogen synthase was purified to homogeneity by an improved procedure that yielded enzyme almost exclusively as a polypeptide of Mr 85 000. The phosphorylation of this enzyme by eight protein kinases was analyzed by cleavage of the enzyme subunit followed by mapping of the phosphopeptides using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase C and the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase all phosphorylated the same small peptide (approx. 20 amino acids) located in a 14 kDa CNBr-fragment (CB-1). Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C also modified second sites in CB-1. A larger CNBr-fragment (CB-2) of approx. 28 kDa was the dominant site of action for casein kinases I and II, FAGSK-3 and the heparin-activated protein kinase. The sites modified were all localized in a 14 kDa species generated by trypsin digestion. Further proteolysis with V8 proteinase indicated that FAGSK-3 and the heparin-activated enzyme recognized the same smaller peptide within CB-2, which may also be phosphorylated by casein kinase 1. Casein kinase 1 also modified a distinct peptide, as did casein kinase II. The results lead us to suggest homology to the muscle enzyme with regard to CB-1 phosphorylation and the region recognized by FAGSK-3, which in rabbit muscle is characterized by a high density of proline and serine residues. A striking difference with the muscle isozyme is the apparent lack of phosphorylations corresponding to the muscle sites 1a and 1b. These results provide further evidence for the presence of liver- and muscle-specific glycogen synthase isozymes in the rat. That the isozymes differ subtly as to phosphorylation sites may provide a clue to the functional differences between the isozymes.
Topologically constrained cortical surfaces from MRI

We present a semi-automated method for constraining the topology of inner cerebral cortex volumes generated from T1- weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). An initial tissue classification is generated based on a measurement model that accounts for partial volume effects and the presence of image inhomogeneities due to field non-uniformities. This classification is used to generate an interior cerebral white matter brain volume. This volume is processed by our algorithm to ensure that the topology of the cortical surface, that of a two-dimensional sheet, is represented in tessellations of the volume. We extend our previous work on topological constraints, which introduced an automated correction procedure that creates graph representations of volumetric objects in order to identify topological defects in their segmentation. We improve this method by performing an iterative correction process that limits the severity of changes made to the initial segmentation. The previous method also requires the duplication of slices of data wherever a change is required, which significantly increases the size of the volume. In the new method we identify a set of corrections that can be made without slice duplication. The key benefits to the improvements in our method are improved localization and correction of topological defects resulting in increased accuracy of the resulting cortical surface representation and a decrease in the size of the resulting volume.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rayleigh scattering by atomic ions of low nuclear charge

Rayleigh scattering amplitudes and elastic photon-atom scattering cross sections have been calculated for ${\mathrm{C}}^{0}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{1+}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{4+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{0}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{1+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{4+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{6+}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{8+}$, and ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{9+}$ atoms and ions in their ground state. Some data were also obtained for oxygen. X-ray energies considered are in the regions above and below the threshold energy for K-shell photoionization. Except in the immediate neighborhood of this threshold energy, the primary effect of ionization on the atomic cross section is to reduce the number of electrons from which scattering occurs. The resonance region near threshold widens with increasing ionization, as with vacancies in deeper-lying states transitions to intermediate states further below threshold are allowed. Above the threshold energy, K-shell amplitudes in an isonuclear sequence, except for hydrogenlike-ion cases, share a common curve differing only in the position of the threshold. Further, when the photon energy is expressed in units of the K-shell threshold energy, both carbon and neon imaginary amplitudes share a common curve. Well above the threshold, the real part of amplitudes approach form-factor predictions.
Ethical precepts for cardiologists.

Introduction Recently, I attended a formal Bethesda Conference focused on professional ethics held at the Heart House in Bethesda, MD, sponsored by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). The purpose of the conference was to codify a set of ethical guidelines for cardiologists. Eventually, the full report stemming from this conference will be published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. During the conference, many issues were discussed, including ethical behavior in the settings of human research, clinical practice, expert testimony, advertising, and organizational work. Some of these issues were quite contentious whereas others were quickly agreed upon. In this essay, I touch on some of the more contentious issues.
Reversible Molecular Memory and pH-Switchable Swelling Transitions in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

The systematic design of materials that alter their macroscopic properties in response to environmental stimuli continues to provide a basis for stimuli-responsive applications in biomaterials and microelectronics. We report discrete volume phase transitions in ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) driven by changes in environmental pH of the post-assembled film. These films exhibit a history-dependent swelling behavior and molecular conformational memory. We illustrate that the same two polymerspoly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PAH/SPS)can be incorporated into a multilayer film with specifically designed molecular architectures (by virtue of assembly pH conditions) that enable them to be either virtually insensitive or highly responsive to small changes in post-assembly pH. We thus provide a general design strategy for PEMs that exhibit multiple conformational states and related phenomena. We further demonstrate the ability to spatially regulate the affinity of molecular s...
Igneous series in island arcs: The northeastern Caribbean compared with worldwide island-arc assemblages

Two major magma series are recognised in the northeastern Carribean island arcs and correlated with numerous examples elsewhere, mainly in the western Pacific. The Primitive Island Arc (PIA) series is apparently the oldest in each of its island-arc occurrences and is followed by the calcalkaline (CA) series, which locally co-occurs with a high-potassium (HK) variety, especially in topographically larger island areas. Also occurring in the northeastern Caribbean are tectonically emplaced examples of metamorphosed mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and a diabase dike swarm possibly related to a rifting event. PIA series is distinguished from the CA by its lower content of LIL elements, including REE. Th, U, Zr, K, and Ba. The difference is most striking in the abundant siliceous differentiates of this series, in which these elements are scarcely higher in abundance than in mafic examples. The HK series is considered to be a subseries of the CA which is higher in K, Ba, Sr, Mg, and Ni, but has REE, Th, and other element levels very similar to the CA. The PIA series has been confused with MORB but has lower REE (with flatter patterns generally), much lower Ni, lower Ti, Zr, and Mg, and appears to be intrinsically hydrated. The abundance of siliceous differentiates also separates this series from MORB. PIA magma is believed to be generated by massive melting of hydrated mantle which rises in front of the descending snout of a newly subducting slab at the initial stage of island-arc genesis; i.e., before the island-arc platform has formed. CA magma has a different source and is probably the partially fused material of the slab itself, more or less modified by volcanic-sedimentary materials dragged to depth during subduction.
Utilization of intravenously infused tripeptides in baboons: Effect on plasma concentration and urinary excretion of amino acids☆

Abstract When baboons, while consuming an adequate diet, were infused continuously for 3 days with parenteral solutions (1l/day) containing either triglycine (50 mM) or trileucine (5 mM) there was either no or very little accumulation of these peptides either in plasma or urine. The increases in plasma concentrations of glycine or leucine and urinary excretion rates of these amino acids during the infusion of the above tripeptides were similar to those found when baboons were infused with parenteral solutions containing either glycine (150 mM) or leucine (15 mM). These data show efficient utilization of tripeptides under the condition of continuous infusion and encourage further investigation of tripeptides as substrates for parenteral nutrition.