cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) into Brazilian Portuguese and clinimetric testing of the PGQ and Roland Morris questionnaire in pregnancy pelvic pain

Abstract Objective To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) into Brazilian Portuguese and test the measurement properties of the PGQ and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) in women with pelvic pain during pregnancy. Methods Thirty pregnant women were included in the assessment of the pre-test of the final version of the PGQ and 100 were included in the assessment of the measurement properties. In the initial assessment, the PGQ, RMDQ, pain numerical rating scale, and WHOQOL-BREF were applied to test the internal consistency and construct validity. In the 48-hour assessment, only the PGQ and RMDQ were applied to test reliability and measurement error; in the reassessment after one month, the PGQ, RMDQ, and global perceived effect scale were applied to evaluate responsiveness. Results The PGQ showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83), substantial reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.85), very good measurement error (5%), and good responsiveness (r = −0.62). We also observed good correlation with disability and quality of life in the physical health domain, moderate correlation with pain and quality of life in the psychological domain, and poor correlation with quality of life in the domains social relationships and environment. The RMDQ showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80), substantial reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.76), good measurement error (9%), moderate responsiveness (r = −0.51), moderate correlation with quality of life in the physical health and psychological domains, and weak correlation with pain and quality of life in the social relationships and environment domains. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PGQ showed superior measurement properties compared to the RMDQ, being a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument for assessing patients with pelvic pain during pregnancy.
Neutron Drip Line in the Ca Region from Bayesian Model Averaging.

The region of heavy calcium isotopes forms the frontier of experimental and theoretical nuclear structure research where the basic concepts of nuclear physics are put to stringent test. The recent discovery of the extremely neutron-rich nuclei around $^{60}\mathrm{Ca}$ O. B. Tarasov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 022501 (2018)] and the experimental determination of masses for $^{55--57}\mathrm{Ca}$ S. Michimasa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 022506 (2018)] provide unique information about the binding energy surface in this region. To assess the impact of these experimental discoveries on the nuclear landscape's extent, we use global mass models and statistical machine learning to make predictions, with quantified levels of certainty, for bound nuclides between Si and Ti. Using a Bayesian model averaging analysis based on Gaussian-process-based extrapolations we introduce the posterior probability ${p}_{\mathrm{ex}}$ for each nucleus to be bound to neutron emission. We find that extrapolations for drip-line locations, at which the nuclear binding ends, are consistent across the global mass models used, in spite of significant variations between their raw predictions. In particular, considering the current experimental information and current global mass models, we predict that $^{68}\mathrm{Ca}$ has an average posterior probability ${p}_{\mathrm{ex}}\ensuremath{\approx}76%$ to be bound to two-neutron emission while the nucleus $^{61}\mathrm{Ca}$ is likely to decay by emitting a neutron (${p}_{\mathrm{ex}}\ensuremath{\approx}46%$).
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM RELAXATION FACTOR

This chapter discusses the application of relation between the eigenvalues of B and those of ℒ ω , which holds whenever A is a consistently ordered matrix with nonvanishing diagonal elements to study the convergence and rate of convergence of ℒ ω under various assumptions on the eigenvalues of B. The case where all eigenvalues of B are real is treated differently. If μ ω ), is given by ω b = 2/1 + (1 – μ 2 ) 1/2 = l + (μ/1 + (1 – μ 2 ) 1/2 , where μ = S(B). With this choice of ω, the successive overrelaxation method converges faster than Gauss–Seidel method by an order of magnitude. Convergence conditions for the SOR method are derived under the assumption that the eigenvalues μ of B lie in certain regions in the complex plane.
The promise and challenges of integrating mental and physical health

Healthcare delivery is typically compartmentalized and siloed, professionally, institutionally, and financially (Enthoven, 2009; Stange, 2009). The impact of a poorly coordinated healthcare deliver...
Could changing the course of Alzheimer’s disease pathology with immunotherapy prevent dementia?

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Persistent neuropathological effects 14 years following amyloid-β immunization in Alzheimer’s disease’ by Nicoll et al. (doi: 10.1093/brain/awz142 ).
Big Data Series Analytics Using TARDIS and its Exploitation in Geospatial Applications

The massive amounts of data series data continuously generated and collected by applications require new indices to speed up data series similarity queries on which various data mining techniques rely. However, the state-of-the-art iSAX-based indexing techniques do not scale well due to the binary fanout that leads to a highly deep index tree and suffer from accuracy degradation due to the character-level cardinality that leads to poor maintenance of the proximity. To address this problem, we recently proposed TARDIS to supports indexing and querying billion-scale data series datasets. It introduces a new iSAX-T signatures to reduce the cardinality conversion cost and corresponding sigTree to construct a compact index structure to preserve better similarity. The framework consists of one centralized index and local distributed indices to efficiently re-partition and index dimensional datasets. Besides, effective query strategies based on sigTree structure are proposed to greatly improve the accuracy. In this demonstration, we present GENET, a new interactive exploration demonstration that allows users to support Big Data Series Approximate Retrieval and Recursive Interactive Clustering in large-scale geospatial datasets using TARDIS index techniques.
Detection of distal ureteral stones in pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasound.

To determine the performance of transvaginal ultrasound for the visualization of distal ureteral stones in pregnant patients with renal colic and to evaluate the diagnostic value of secondary findings suggestive of obstructing ureteral stone disease. We retrospectively identified 129 pregnant patients with a total of 142 encounters with both abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. Ultrasound images for each patient were reviewed recording the presence of stone with location, hydronephrosis, resistive indices (RI), and status of the ureteral jets. Patients were subcategorized into two groups based on the visualization of distal ureteral stone. The transvaginal technique identified 94% (N = 16/17) of sonographically detected stones in the distal ureter/urethra, while the transabdominal technique identified 29% (N = 5/17). The combined imaging for initial assessment of renal colic in pregnancy demonstrated a sensitivity of 89%, specificity 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98%. The frequency of hydronephrosis was statistically greater in the visualized stone group (94% vs 51%). Mean RI was identical in both groups however the delta RI was significantly elevated in those patients with distal ureteral stones with a mean delta RI value of 0.05. The rate of absence of ureteral jets was not statistically significant. The present data would suggest a utility of transvaginal ultrasound for the evaluation of the pregnant patient with 94% of distal stones being detected transvaginal versus 29% transabdominally. Additionally, there was significantly increased hydronephrosis and elevated RIs in patients with distal ureteral stones.
“You Can’t Ignore the Rat”: Nonhuman Animals in Boundary Work:

This article demonstrates how human–animal interactions are uniquely important to the negotiation of group identity and its boundaries. I use ethnographic, interview, and archival historical data t...
Promoting Health and Well-Being of Students in a Marriage and Family Therapy Program: A Study of the Development and Utilization of Therapy Services for Future Therapists

A model program for providing therapy services for graduate marriage and family therapy students is presented. The utilization of therapy services by MFT students in the COAMFTE-approved Masters in Family Therapy Program of the Mercer University School of Medicine was evaluated. A survey assessing utilization of therapy services was administered. The survey evaluated student therapy utilization as correlated with multiple demographic variables. Descriptive data of the survey results are presented. Statistical treatment of the data indicated one significant correlation—the utilization of therapy services by MFT students increased significantly with the amount of time spent in the program, especially increasing at or around the time that clinical practicum experiences were begun. Recommendations for providing therapy services for graduate MFT students and for further studies on this issue are made.
Imaging and Management of Coronary Artery Anomalies

To highlight imaging features of coronary artery anomalies, especially those that may require surgical intervention, and review various management options. The clinical presentation of coronary artery anomalies ranges from clinically silent lesions to those leading to sudden cardiac death. With the evolution and increasing use of advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography, more cases are being identified on scans either done specifically for this purpose or discovered incidentally. Management decisions can be complex and often require a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review advances in imaging techniques, the spectrum of imaging appearances of coronary artery anomalies, and the role of imaging in directing appropriate management as well as post-operative follow-up.
Flow of a moderately cohesive FCC catalyst in two pilot-scale rotary calciners: Residence time distribution and bed depth measurements with and without dams

Abstract Powder flow and heat transfer in rotary calciners are difficult to predict, which can result in reduced product quality. This work attempts to improve our understanding of powder flow in a rotary calciner. We compare experimental results to existing models. In this study, a moderately cohesive fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) powder was passed through two pilot plants rotary calciners with and without dams. Residence time distributions were measured, and the resulting mean residence times and axial dispersion coefficients were compared to predictive models. It observed that increasing the calciner incline and speed of rotation resulted in decreased mean residence time (MRT) and feed rate only had a small effect on MRT and axial dispersion. Increasing the height of dams increases the mean residence time and lowers the dispersion coefficient. Bed depth profiles at various operating conditions and geometries, with and without dams, were also determined and compared to available models.
Additive Manufacturing for Energy: A Review

Abstract The conflict between rapidly growing global energy demand and climate change is a grand challenge that requires significant science and technology innovations. Advanced manufacturing could extensively drive down greenhouse gas emission and pollution, and shorten the time-to-market. Additive manufacturing is a process of fabricating three-dimensional objects by depositing materials layer-by-layer directly from computational geometry model, and it eliminates the design and fabrication restrictions of conventional manufacturing methods to a large extent. As an emerging and transformative technology, additive manufacturing technologies have shown the potential benefits of energy saving in multiple energy sectors. To further increase their applications in nuclear energy and renewable energies, fundamental research is needed to overcome some key challenges in terms of process monitoring and control, dimension accuracy, and structural integrity of the components. The validation and qualification of additive manufacturing processes and the products from those additive manufacturing processes are imperative to meeting the high standards of critical components in various energy production, conversion and storage systems. In this review article, we summarize the current status of cutting-edge additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in the fields of nuclear energy, battery, fuel cell, oil & gas. We also outline the major challenges and fundamental research needed to achieve the full potential of additive manufacturing technologies. This review provides critical discussion and prospects to address global energy challenges by applying innovative additive manufacturing technologies.
Electrophysiological Approaches to Studying Normal and Abnormal Retinotectal Circuit Development in the Xenopus Tadpole

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal projection is the main component of the amphibian visual system. It comprises the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye, which project an axon to synapse onto tectal neurons in the optic tectum. There are many attributes of this relatively simple projection that render it uniquely well-suited for studying the functional development of neural circuits. One major experimental advantage of this circuit is that it can be genetically or pharmacologically altered and then assessed at high resolution via whole-cell electrophysiological recordings using an ex vivo isolated brain preparation. This protocol provides instructions for performing such electrophysiological investigations using the ex-vivo-isolated brain preparation. It allows one to measure many different aspects of synaptic transmission between the RGC axons and individual postsynaptic tectal neurons, including AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) to NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) ratios, strength of individual RGC axons, paired pulse facilitation, and strength of individual synapses.
Understanding Heart Rate Reactions to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Veterans: A Naturalistic Study.

ObjectiveWe collected naturalistic heart rate data from veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to investigate the effects of various factors on heart rate.BackgroundPTSD is p...
ColdADC: A 16-Channel Digitizer ASIC with 186 µV-rms noise and 10.5-bit ENOB at 77 K for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

A 16-channel, 12-bit, 2 MS/s Digitizer ASIC, called ColdADC, intended as the digitizer for the DUNE Single-Phase Far Detector, is presented. ColdADC has an input buffer per channel and two 16 MS/s Pipelined ADCs that each digitizes the output of 8 preamplifiers. The ASIC was developed using specialized design techniques for long-term reliability in cryogenic environments and a customized cryogenic standard cell library. ColdADC, with a die area of approximately 52.4 mm2 and fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology, achieves 186 µV-rms noise performance and 10.5-bit ENOB at a temperature of 77 K, while dissipating 425 mW (26.6 mW per channel). The prototype has been successfully interoperated with the intended preamplifier at cryogenic temperatures.
The effect of H2S and NaCl concentration on hydrogen permeation in high strength low alloy carbon steel C110

The sulphide stress cracking of high strength low alloy (HSLA) carbon steel C110 is related to the hydrogen absorption process. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of adsorbed ...
Economía política del proteccionismo después de la Ronda Uruguay

En este articulo se examina la interaccion de las politicas nacionales y los intereses extranjeros en el marco institucional que administrara la Organizacion Mundial del Comercio (OMC). Presenta un marco teorico que trata a la OMC como el foro de un juego de superposicion que proporciona las normas para mantener un sistema de libre comercio entre economias periodicamente sometidas a presiones proteccionistas. Los juegos de superposicion tienen lugar cuando determinado jugador participa simultaneamente en juegos contra distintos oponentes y cuando la estrategia seguida en un juego limita las estrategias que puede utilizar en el otro. Como norma basica, el modelo postula que los costos de proteccion deberian mantenerse integramente dentro de las fronteras nacionales y que el instrumento apropiado para hacer cumplir esta norma es el Acuerdo sobre Salvaguardias. Al respecto se plantean dos aspectos principales. En primer lugar, el esfuerzo por mantener los costos de proteccion dentro de las fronteras nacionales mejora la coherencia de las politicas internas. Y en segundo lugar, aunque se espera que las economias en desarrollo tengan una activa participacion en el nuevo sistema comercial, la mayoria de los paises latinoamericanos no esta preparada todavia para desempenar esc papel.
Joining Forces: Bringing Parents and Schools Together

The influence families and schools have on positive child outcomes suggest that adopting a comprehensive multi-systemic parent–school framework is necessary. Guided by research, theory, and previous literature, the purpose of this paper was to develop a multi-systemic assessment and intervention framework for clinicians working with families of school-age children and adolescents. Thematic analyses of ten larger-systemic models working with families with school-aged children revealed five levels of therapist involvement: (1) family–school multi-systemic assessment; (2) facilitating parental home-based school involvement; (3) facilitating parental school-based school involvement; (4) working with school personnel as part of a multi-disciplinary treatment team; (5) helping school personnel improve family involvement and child outcomes through school-based systemic interventions. Best clinical strategies are discussed for each level.
Controlled use of a robot colony power supply

The controlled use of a continuous power supply for robots of a colony is presented. This work builds on previous work where capacitors were used as an onboard power supply, and where robots with metallic probes were charged at a power station. An onboard controller was implemented to direct the hexapod colony robot behavior according to its power supply status. A PIC chip, implemented as an analog-to-digital voltage converter, was used as the robot's voltage sensor. A BASIC Stamp II was used in conjunction with photocells as the robot's light sensors while a light source was placed at the power station. Tests were performed and revealed the plausibility of implementing a voltage sensor and light sensor/source for colony robots powered with capacitors.
The hemoglobin of ascaris perienteric fluid: I. Purification and spectra

Abstract 1. 1. The hemoglobin of Ascaris lumbricoides perienteric fluid has been The product is monodisperse in the analytical ultracentrifuge and when examined by electrophoresis on paper or in a bed of starch granules. 2. 2. The sedimentation coefficient, s 20 , w of the hemoglobin is 11.8 S. 3. 3. The minimum molecular weight per mole heme was estimate4d to be 40600 from both dry weight and amino acid composition. 4. 4. The absorption spectra of hemoglobin derivatives were re-examined and the extinction coefficients determined.
Statechart based formal modeling of workflow processes

This paper describes a formal methods approach to process engineering. The approach involves statechart based formal process modeling as well as the use of embedded assertion statecharts to ensure the modeled process adheres to stated requirements. This approach can help the process engineer develop and maintain a process. The formal nature of our approach can also help the process engineer to reason about the process. We apply this approach to the Unified Cross Domain Management Office's Cross Domain Solution Workflow process. This is a key process in the development, implementation, and certification and accreditation of cross domain solutions.
Traveling Wave and Rough Fault Earthquake Models: Illuminating the Relationship Between Slip Deficit and Event Frequency Statistics

We discuss and interpret new simulation results from a recently proposed, physically-based model of earthquakes called the traveling wave model. This model produces a mixture of scaling and characteristic event ruptures. Stresses are transferred well beyond nearest neighbors in the two-dimensional lattice which represents the fault in the model. Cohesive forces due to small scale fault topography produce large scale friction, showing how friction is a function of length scale. Two variants of this new earthquake model, called 1) the basic traveling wave and 2) the rough fault model, illustrate the significant role the loading process has upon the statistics of the simulated events produced. Scale invariant rupture area distributions arise in these models in the same manner that they do in cellular automata slider block models, as a result of the force balance applied to the location of each site. Event frequency statistics are in the range of those observed for natural seismicity. Results from these models are compared to classical slider block models with long range springs.
The Influence of 17$\beta $-oestradiol on K$^{+}$ Currents in Smooth Muscle Cells Isolated from Immature Rat Uterus

Potassium currents in cells isolated from myometrium of immature (23-26 days after birth) rats were measured by whole-cell patch clamp to analyse the effects of gonadal steroids. Predominantly outward K$^{+}$ currents with an early transient component were recorded in response to depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -90 mV. The transient current, which was rarely present in adult myometrial cells, was inactivated by holding the membrane potential at -40 mV and attenuated by 1 mM 4- aminopyridine. Under these conditions a second sustained outward current was apparent. Administration of 17$\beta $-oestradiol to the immature rat before isolation of the myometrial cells reduced the probability of occurrence of the transient currents from 78.6% of cells (n = 33) to 29.8% (n = 14). Progesterone had only a slight effect. The kinetics of the transient currents were differently influenced by the two steroids. Cells isolated from animals previously given 17$\beta $-oestradiol showed transient outward currents with significantly shorter time constants of decay than those for control cells. Conversely, progesterone caused the time constants to be increased. We conclude that the gonadal steroids exert an influence on the expression of different populations of ionic channels in isolated cells of the immature rat uterus. These channels may regulate the excitability and contractility of the uterus in vivo.
Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk1)/cyclin B1 dictates cell fate after mitotic arrest via phosphoregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins.

The prevailing model suggests that cell fate after mitotic arrest depends on two independent and competing networks that control cyclin B1 degradation and the generation of death signals. However, recent evidence for Cdk1/cyclin B1-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins suggests the existence of significant cross-talk and interdependence between these pathways. Further, the nature of the mitotic death signals has remained elusive. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that fate after mitotic arrest is dictated by the robustness of Cdk1/cyclin B1 signaling to Bcl-2 proteins and to identify signals that may represent a mitotic death signature. We show that when treated with Taxol, slippage-resistant HT29 colon carcinoma cells display robust Cdk1 activity and extensive Mcl-1/Bcl-xL phosphorylation and die in mitosis, whereas slippage-prone DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells display weak Cdk1 activity and partial and transient Mcl-1/Bcl-xL phosphorylation and die in subsequent interphase or survive. Furthermore, modulation of this signaling axis, either by inhibition of Cdk1 in slippage-resistant HT29 or by enforcing mitotic arrest in slippage-prone DLD-1 cells, evokes a switch in fate, indicating that the strength of Cdk1 signaling to Bcl-2 proteins is a key determinant of outcome. These findings provide novel insight into the pathways that regulate mitotic death, suggest that the robustness of these signaling events may be useful as a marker to define susceptibility to antimitotic drugs, and encourage a revision in the current model describing fate after mitotic arrest.
Maximum likelihood estimation in logistic regression models with a diverging number of covariates

Binary data with high-dimensional covariates have become more and more common in many disciplines. In this paper we consider the maximum likelihood estimation for logistic regression models with a diverging number of covariates. Under mild conditions we establish the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimate when the number of covariates $p$ goes to infinity with the sample size $n$ in the order of $p=o(n)$. This remarkably improves the existing results that can only allow $p$ growing in an order of $o(n^{\alpha})$ with $\alpha\in[1/5,1/2]$ [12, 14]. A major innovation in our proof is the use of the injective function.
New and Old MCAT: A Preliminary Comparison

This study examines the relationships between the New and Old versions of the Medical College Aptitute Test (MCAT) . The New MCA T scales were introduced in order to measure problem-solving skills in addition to the ability to recall infor mation. The primary sample consisted of 401 medical school applicants who had responded to the Old MCAT. Scores on both the Old and New MCA T were available for 66 of the 401 applicants. Correlations between the Old MCA T scales and the New MCA T scales were corrected for restriction of range in order to estimate the correlations pertaining to the total group of applicants. Despite instances of moderate commonality between the Old and New MCA T scales, substantial variability on all of the New MCAT scales could not be explained by performance on the Old MCA T scales. The results provide preliminary support for the claim that the New MCA T is assessing skills not measured by the Old MCAT.
Use of coherent X-ray diffraction to map strain fields in nanocrystals

Abstract A new method is proposed to analyze the internal strains inside nanometer-sized crystals. The method employs a coherent beam of X-rays to obtain a continuous diffraction pattern in the immediate vicinity of each of the Bragg reflections. The symmetric part of the diffraction is given by the Fourier transform of the crystal’s shape, while the asymmetric part can be associated with the strain. Iterative Fourier transform methods can then be applied to reveal the strain as a three-dimensional spatial image.
Path Planning and Gait of Walking Machine in An Obstacle-strewn Environment

The locomotion of a quadrupedal walking machine in an obstacle-strewn environment is studied. The path planning of the walking machine body includes the following two features : first, the path is generated based on the Bezier curve so that its shape can be easily adjusted to avoid obstacles ; second, the velocity and acceleration are assigned independently from the path generation so that the inertial terms are controllable. After the path has been generated, a gait algorithm that enables the walking machine to follow the path and maintain stability is developed. Two special cases―straight-line crab walking and turning about a fixed axis―are studied first. The general case that the walking machine is following an arbitrary curve is then studied. During walking, if the crab angle exceeds a certain limit, the gait needs to be changed in order to maintain stability. The methods for changing the gaits are discussed
Coded-Aperture Imaging Using Photo-Induced Reconfigurable Aperture Arrays for Mapping Terahertz Beams

We report terahertz coded-aperture imaging using photo-induced reconfigurable aperture arrays on a silicon wafer. The coded aperture was implemented using programmable illumination from a commercially available digital light processing projector. At 590 GHz, each of the array element apertures can be optically turned on and off with a modulation depth of 20 dB and a modulation rate of ~ 1.3 kHz. Prototype demonstrations of 4 ×4 coded-aperture imaging using Hadamard coding have been performed. Continuous THz imaging with 8 ×8 pixels has also been demonstrated, using a slowly moving metal strip as the target. In addition, this technique has been successfully applied to mapping THz beams by using a 6 ×6 aperture array at 590 GHz. The imaging results agree closely with theoretical calculations based on Gaussian beam propagation, demonstrating that this technique is promising for realizing real-time and low-cost terahertz cameras for many applications. The reported approach provides a simple but powerful means to visualize THz beams, which is highly desired in quasi-optical system alignment, quantum-cascade laser design and characterization, and THz antenna characterization.
The Magnetostatic Cleanliness Program for the Cassini Spacecraft

The Cassini spacecraft, launched in October 1997 and expected to reach Saturn in 2004, carries two magnetometer experiments on a 10-m boom, one at the mid-section of the boom and the other situated at the end of the boom. In order to gather valid scientific magnetic field data and avoid electromagnetic interference, the spacecraft had to comply with stringent magnetostatic cleanliness requirements. This paper describes the results of the Cassini magnetics cleanliness program that achieved the goal of minimizing the magnetic field interference with Cassini’s DC magnetic field science instruments.
Stratigraphic accumulation in Jackson- Kanawha counties area of West Virginia

The Jackson-Kanawha Oriskany gas field is in Jackson and Kanawha counties, West Virginia. The main pool extends north from Charleston in a broad tapering belt 15 miles wide at Sissonville and 2 miles wide in northern Jackson County. The Blue Creek pool is 8-12 miles northeast of Charleston in a band 4 miles long and 3 miles wide. The Boone County-Campbells Creek pool is on the Warfield anticline 6 miles south of Charleston in a belt 12 miles long and 3 miles wide. On January 1, 1948, the total area developed was 193,000 acres, and the total gas produced was 721,482,555 MCF. At that time 1,239 wells had been completed to the sand, of which 1,076 were saved as gas wells and 163 were dry holes. The 1,076 gas wells have produced an average of 670,523 MCF per well. It is estim ted that the field is 75-80 per cent depleted and that the ultimate production will be 910,000,000 MCF, an average of 4,715 MCF per acre.
Tumor Metastasis to the Heart

This article is a survey of 476 consecutive cases of tumor death for heart involvement. The somewhat selected group of cases (from a Veterans Administration hospital) shows an incidence of cardiac metastasis of 19.1 per cent. The bulk of tumors metastasizing to the heart were bronchogenic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, malignant lymphoma, and carcinoma of the pancreas and esophagus. Electrocardiographic changes were frequent and correlated fairly closely with the anatomic extent of the disease. The related literature is reviewed.
Essential Elements of Personalized Medicine

Summary Objectives Genomic information has been promoted as the basis for “personalized” health care. We considered the benefits provided by genomic testing in context of the concept of personalized medicine. Materials and Methods We evaluated current and potential uses of genomic testing in health care, using prostate cancer as an example, and considered their implications for individualizing or otherwise improving health care. Results and Conclusions Personalized medicine is most accurately seen as a comprehensive effort to tailor health care to the individual, spanning multiple dimensions. While genomic tests will offer many potential opportunities to improve the delivery of care, including the potential for genomic research to offer opportunities to improve prostate cancer screening and treatment, such advances do not in themselves constitute a paradigm shift in the delivery of health care. Rather, personalized medicine is based on a partnership between clinician and patient that utilizes shared decision making to determine the best health care options among the available choices, weighing the patient’s personal values and preferences together with clinical findings. This approach is particularly important for difficult clinical decisions involving uncertainty and trade-offs, such as those involved in prostate cancer screening and management. The delivery of personalized medicine also requires adequate health care access and assurance that basic health needs have been met. Substantial research investment will be needed to identify how genomic tests can contribute to this effort.
Evaluation of methods to extract and quantify lipids from Synechocystis PCC 6803

Abstract In order to use the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis as a source of feedstock for carbon–neutral, nonpetroleum-based diesel fuel, we evaluated several solvents and solvent systems for their ability to extract lipid from wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803. Chloroform + methanol-based Folch and Bligh & Dyer methods had the highest lipid recoveries. Less toxic solvents, such as methanol and MTBE, or direct trans-esterification of biomass (without pre-extraction step) gave only slightly lower lipid-extraction yields. Ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexane, acetic ester, and their combinations were not effective for lipid extraction from Synechocystis (>20% loss), even though they are widely used for non-polar lipid extraction from other feedstock, including algae. We confirmed the success of chloroform + methanol-based extraction by their penetration of the cell membrane system, higher polarity, and stronger interaction with hydrogen bonds. The less-polar solvents not only had lower lipid yield, but also extracted more non-lipid compounds that require extra purification to remove. We also characterized the fatty-acid profile of Synechocystis PCC 6803: C16:0 (∼60%), C16:1 (∼9.5%), C18:0 (∼1.2%), C18:1 (∼2%), C18:2 (∼9.8%), and C18:3 (∼16.5%).
Designer-in-the-loop recoding of ESL models using static parallel access conflict analysis

At the Electronic System Level (ESL), a well-defined design model enables early design space exploration and automatic synthesis on custom multiprocessor platforms. However, the initial design model is usually manually recoded from unstructured and sequential source code. To efficiently create cleanly structured and parallel models, this paper proposes a designer-in-the-loop approach on Eclipse platform where the system model is analyzed and recoded using automated functions. Particularly, advanced static analysis at compile time can guarantee that the parallelism in the model is safe and free from race conditions. Experiments using the tool with a class of graduate students show significant productivity gains and error reduction in model creation.
Reducing Capacity, Potentials and Water of Apples

Apples of the York Imperial, Rome Beauty, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious varieties have been evaluated for their capacity to reduce the ceric ion and oxidation-reduction potentials, during growth and storage, and true water content during storage, at approximately biweekly intervals. Three periods of change occurred in reducing capacity throughout growth and storage. No direct relation was obtained between the ceric ion reducing capacity of the apples and the concentration of reducing sugars present. The difference in potentials between the growing and storage periods was significant at the 0.05 level; such evaluations should be a measure of the oxidative state of the fruit. True water evaluations by toluene distillation and water traps were shown to be significantly lower than those obtained by oven drying.
Microarray Profile of Gene Expression During Osteoclast Differentiation in Modelled Microgravity

Microgravity (µXg) leads to a 10-15% loss of bone mass in astronauts during space flight. Osteoclast (OCL) is the multinucleated bone-resorbing cell. In this study, we used the NASA developed ground-based rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWV), rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate µXg conditions and demonstrated a significant increase (2-fold) in osteoclastogenesis compared to normal gravity control (Xg). Gene expression profiling of RAW 264.7 OCL progenitor cells in modelled µXg by Agilent microarray analysis revealed significantly increased expression of critical molecules such as cytokines/growth factors, proteases and signalling proteins, which play an important role in enhanced OCL differentiation/function. Transcription factors such as c-Jun, MITF and CREB implicated in OCL differentiation are upregulated; however no significant change in the levels of NFATc1 expression in preosteoclast cells subjected to modelled µXg. We also identified high-level expression of calcium-binding protein, S100A8 (calcium-binding protein molecule A8/calgranulin A) in preosteoclast cells under µXg. Furthermore, modelled µXg stimulated RAW 264.7 cells showed elevated cytosolic calcium (Ca(2+)) levels/oscillations compared to Xg cells. siRNA knock-down of S100A8 expression in RAW 264.7 cells resulted in a significant decrease in modelled µXg stimulated OCL differentiation. We also identified elevated levels of phospho-CREB in preosteoclast cells subjected to modelled µXg compared to Xg. Thus, modelled µXg regulated gene expression profiling in preosteoclast cells provide new insights into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of enhanced OCL differentiation/activation to prevent bone loss and fracture risk in astronauts during space flight missions.
Further Studies with Labelled Polypeptide‐Chain‐Initiation Factor 3 (IF‐3)

The preparation of 35S-labelled initiation factor 3 (IF-3) from Escherichia coli is described. As reported earlier, labelled IF-3 binds to 30-S, but not to 50-S ribosomal subunits or 70-S ribosomes, and is released upon formation of a 70-S couple. In continuation of this work we find that the 30-S binding of IF-3 is rather sensitive to aurin-tricarboxylic acid, a powerful inhibitor of polypeptide chain initiation, but relatively insensitive to streptomycin. IF-3 binds weakly to both 23-S and 16-S ribosomal RNA and to 23-S but not 43-S ribosomal cores, Free IF-3 readily exchanges with the 30-S-bound factor even at low temperature. There is also an exchange of 50-S or 30-S ribosomal subunits labelled with [3H]uracil into 70-S ribosomes in the absence of the reactions of protein synthesis. This exchange is markedly temperature-dependent and strongly inhibited at high (20 mM) Mg2+ concentrations.
The Color Line behind the Lines: Racial Violence in France during the Great War

THE GREAT WAR WAS A TURNING POINT FOR FRANCE in many respects. It produced issues that would dominate the life of the nation during the twentieth century. Most important, it signaled the decline of church-state conflicts and the birth of the French Communist Party, gave new impetus to the public role of women and demands for gender equality, further reinforced the role of the centralized state in French life, and created a dynamic new intelligentsia that sharply questioned the nineteenth-century faith in positivism.1 However, one critical development that has received relatively little attention from historians is racial difference and the presence of people of color on French soil. Nonwhites2 have lived in France for many centuries, but after 1914 they became a widespread and integral part of French life.3 During World War I, several hundred thousand people came from China and various parts of the French Empire in Africa and Asia to serve the French war effort as either soldiers or workers. While many received a warm reception from the French people, others encountered suspicion and hostility. During the latter years of the war, conflicts between the French and these nonwhite newcomers escalated into a wave of racial violence, ranging from numerous small-scale incidents to a few major riots. Although World War I would give a powerful boost to the myth of French racial egalitarianism, especially among African Americans, it would also produce conflicts contradicting that myth.4
Effects of β-agonists on airway epithelial cells ☆ ☆☆

beta-Adrenergic receptor (betaAR) agonists exert a variety of effects on airway epithelial cells. Among their best known actions is their ability to increase ciliary beat frequency, mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA), and phosphorylation of an outer dynein arm light chain. Submucosal glands express betaARs, and beta-agonists may stimulate secretion of mucus from airways, although human data are controversial. beta-Agonists may also affect ion transport across epithelial cells by opening apical ion channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. This effect, likely to occur in submucosal glands, can influence water fluxes across the airway epithelium and may have profound influences on mucus hydration. betaAR activation can increase intracellular calcium in some ciliated cells, thereby stimulating ciliary beating and possibly influencing transepithelial ion transport. betaAR-mediated activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase accelerates epithelial cell migration, thereby enhancing epithelial wound repair. beta-Agonists reduce the ultrastructural damage seen with infection and potentiate secretion of certain cytokines from epithelial cells while inhibiting secretion of others. Finally, beta-agonists may have effects on airway epithelial cells that are mediated through betaARs but do not require cAMP production. The signaling mechanisms of some beta-agonist effects are not well understood but are important to our understanding of airway epithelial cell growth, differentiation, and function.
Manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD and its mimics

Increased understanding of the role of mitochondria under physiological and pathological conditions parallels increased exploration of synthetic and natural compounds able to mimic MnSOD - endogenous mitochondrial antioxidant defense essential for the existence of virtually all aerobic organisms from bacteria to humans. This review describes most successful mitochondrially-targeted redox-active compounds, Mn porphyrins and MitoQ(10) in detail, and briefly addresses several other compounds that are either catalysts of O(2)(-) dismutation, or its non-catalytic scavengers, and that reportedly attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction. While not a true catalyst (SOD mimic) of O(2)(-) dismutation, MitoQ(10) oxidizes O(2)(-) to O(2) with a high rate constant. In vivo it is readily reduced to quinol, MitoQH(2), which in turn reduces ONOO(-) to NO(2), producing semiquinone radical that subsequently dismutes to MitoQ(10) and MitoQH(2), completing the "catalytic" cycle. In MitoQ(10), the redox-active unit was coupled via 10-carbon atom alkyl chain to monocationic triphenylphosphonium ion in order to reach the mitochondria. Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics, however, were designed so that their multiple cationic charge and alkyl chains determine both their remarkable SOD potency and carry them into the mitochondria. Several animal efficacy studies such as skin carcinogenesis and UVB-mediated mtDNA damage, and subcellular distribution studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mouse heart provided unambiguous evidence that Mn porphyrins mimic the site and action of MnSOD, which in turn contributes to their efficacy in numerous in vitro and in vivo models of oxidative stress. Within a class of Mn porphyrins, lipophilic analogs are particularly effective for treating central nervous system injuries where mitochondria play key role. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
Pastoral Accompaniment of the Cancer Patient

Cancer confronts a person with his or her mortality. On the inner journey of coming to terms with this, the pastor accompanies the patient in a way analogous to the way in which a musical accompanist supports a soloist, providing attentive relationship and supportive context. Patients in these circumstances raise and explore themes of betrayal-faithfulness, control-surrender, despair-hope, and separation-reconciliation.
Resistance in Beta species to the sugar beet nematode, Heterodera schachtii.

Development of females of Heterodera schachtii could not be observed on very young seedlings or mature plants of resistant Beta patellaris or B. webbiana. Temperature did not facilitate the development of females of H. schachtii on resistant B. patellaris, B. webbiana or B. procumbens. The effect of temperature with resistant B. maritima corresponded to that previously noted with the susceptible sugar beet. A technique for cross-grafting sugar beets with wild beets was devised and used subsequently to obtain grafted plants for tests of transference of susceptibility and resistance to rootstocks. Susceptibility appeared to be transferred to B. maritima from sugar beet scions. The lower numbers of females developing upon sugar beet stocks with resistant scions than with normal sugar beets is consistent with a transference of resistance from scion to stock but alternate explanations are possible.
Managing congenitally missing lateral incisors. Part III: single-tooth implants.

UNLABELLED Three treatment options exist for the replacement of congenitally missing lateral incisors. They include canine substitution, a tooth-supported restoration, and a single-tooth implant. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on the malocclusion, anterior relationship, specific space requirements, and condition of the adjacent teeth. The ideal treatment is the most conservative option that satisfies individual esthetic and functional requirements. Today, the single-tooth implant has become one of the most common treatment alternatives for the replacement of missing teeth. This article closely examines the many interdisciplinary issues that arise when treatment planning the placement of single-tooth implants in patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors. The specific criteria that must be evaluated illustrate the importance of an interdisciplinary treatment approach to achieve optimal esthetics and long-term predictability. This is the final article of a three-part series discussing the three treatment alternatives for replacing congenitally missing lateral incisors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE When treatment planning single-tooth implants to replace congenitally missing lateral incisors, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary to provide the most predictable treatment outcome.
Linear modeling of human hand-arm dynamics relevant to right-angle torque tool interaction.

Objective:A new protocol was evaluated for identification of stiffness, mass, and damping parameters employing a linear model for human hand-arm dynamics relevant to right-angle torque tool use.Bac...
Laboratory testing of CYP2D6 alleles in relation to tamoxifen therapy

Tamoxifen, a widely prescribed drug for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, is metabolized to more potent metabolites by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme. Variants in the CYP2D6 gene can cause patients to be either intermediate or poor metabolizers, thereby rendering tamoxifen treatment less effective. Testing for CYP2D6 gene variants is available in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified clinical laboratories; however, the biological complexity of the variants makes result interpretation and phenotype prediction challenging. This article describes the clinical significance of variants as well as important analytical, interpretative, and reporting issues. It is designed to be a guideline for clinical laboratory professionals in performing tests and interpreting results with respect to CYP2D6 genetic variants. Genet Med 2012:14(12):990–1000