cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of stabilization of crude whale oil with tertiary butylhydroquinone and other antioxidants upon keeping quality of resultant deodorized oil. A feasibility study

Crude whale oil was stored under accelerated conditions for 146 days alone and in the presence of added antioxidants: 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, tertiary butylhydroquinone, TBHQ + 0.01% citric acid, and 0.01% citric acid. Inverse relationships were noted between peroxide values and oxidative stabilities and also between secondary oxidation products, measured by anisidine value, and oxidative stabilities at termination of the storage of antoxidant-treated crudes. Tertiary butylhydroquinone was most effective, followed by butylated hydroxyanisole,3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, and propyl gallate, in decreasing order, with respect to retardment of oxidative deterioration of stored crude whale oil. All antioxidant-treated crudes were alkali refined and steam deodorized. Stability times of deodorized oils from crudes treated with butylated hydroxyanisole,3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate and citric acid ranged from 13.5–18 days at 30 C. Deodorized oils from tertiary butylhydroquinone-and tertiary butylhydroquinone-citric acid-treated crudes gave much longer stability times against oxidative deterioration at 30 C, viz. 49.5 and 56 days, respectively. The major factor that contributed to the improvement in oxidative stability and caused continued effectiveness of tertiary butylhydroquinone even after deodorization was the carry-through of the antioxidant and its oxidation products from the crude into the deodorized oil. If tertiary butylhydroquinone-stabilized crude oils are deodorized, the residual antioxidant and its oxidation products should be determined quantitatively by adequate analytical methods and be included as part of the food-approved antioxidants in processed edible oils.
A novel flex-stretch-flow bioreactor for the study of engineered heart valve tissue mechanobiology.

Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) have been observed to respond to mechanical conditioning in vitro by expression of activated myofibroblast phenotypes followed by improvements in tissue maturation. In separate studies, cyclic flexure, stretch, and flow (FSF) have been demonstrated to exhibit both independent and coupled stimulatory effects. Synthesis of these observations into a rational framework for TEHV mechanical conditioning has been limited, however, due to the functional complexity of tri-leaflet valves and the inherent differences of separate bioreactor systems. Toward quantifying the effects of individual mechanical stimuli similar to those that occur during normal valve function, a novel bioreactor was developed in which FSF mechanical stimuli can be applied to engineered heart valve tissues independently or in combination. The FSF bioreactor consists of two identically equipped chambers, each having the capacity to hold up to 12 rectangular tissue specimens (25 × 7.5 × 1 mm) via a novel “spiral-bound” technique. Specimens can be subjected to changes-in-curvature up to 50 mm−1 and uniaxial tensile strains up to 75%. Steady laminar flow can be applied by a magnetically coupled paddlewheel system. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were conducted and experimentally validated by particle image velocimetry (PIV). Tissue specimen wall shear stress profiles were predicted as a function of paddlewheel speed, culture medium viscosity, and the quasi-static state of specimen deformation (i.e., either undeformed or completely flexed). Velocity profiles predicted by 2D CFD simulations of the paddlewheel mechanism compared well with PIV measurements, and were used to determine boundary conditions in localized 3D simulations. For undeformed specimens, predicted inter-specimen variations in wall shear stress were on average ±7%, with an average wall shear stress of 1.145 dyne/cm2 predicted at a paddlewheel speed of 2000 rpm and standard culture conditions. In contrast, while the average wall shear stress predicted for specimens in the quasi-static flexed state was ∼59% higher (1.821 dyne/cm2), flexed specimens exhibited a broad intra-specimen wall shear stress distribution between the convex and concave sides that correlated with specimen curvature, with peak wall shear stresses of ∼10 dyne/cm2. This result suggests that by utilizing simple flexed geometric configurations, the present system can also be used to study the effects of spatially varying shear stresses. We conclude that the present design provides a robust tool for the study of mechanical stimuli on in vitro engineered heart valve tissue formation.
Poly(3-dodecylthiophene) membranes for gas separations

Abstract Solution cast membranes of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (PDDT) were studied for the room temperature separation of N 2 , O 2 , and CO 2 . A procedure for fabricating reproducible, smooth, uniformly thick (∼35 μm), defect-free membranes is described. Permeability values were measured for as-cast PDDT membranes ( P N 2 =9.4, P O 2 =20.2, P CO 2 =88.2 Barrers) and selectivity values were calculated ( α O 2 /N 2 =2.2, α CO 2 /N 2 =9.4). Chemically induced oxidation (∼23%) with SbCl 5 resulted in a decrease in permeability ( P N 2 =3.5, P O 2 =10.5, P CO 2 =48.5 Barrers) and a corresponding increase in permselectivity ( α O 2 /N 2 =3.0, α CO 2 /N 2 =14.0). Reduction of the oxidized membrane with hydrazine partially reversed these trends ( P N 2 =5.4, P O 2 =15.1, P CO 2 =62.9 Barrers, α O 2 /N 2 =2.8, α CO 2 /N 2 =11.6). The chemical compositions of as-cast, oxidized, and hydrazine-treated PDDT membranes were determined using elemental analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Membrane microstructure was investigated by optical microscopy, TappingMode™ atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The composition and microscopy results were correlated with changes in gas-transport properties.
Identification of Foreign Object Impact in Structures Using Distributed Sensors

An impact load identification method using distrib uted built-in sensors for detecting foreign object impact is pro posed. The method consists of a system model and a response comparator. The system model characterizes the dynamic response of the structure subjected to a known impact force. The comparator compares the measured sensor outputs with the estimated mea surements from the model and predicts the location and the force history of the impact. The method has been developed for beams containing distributed piezoelectric sensors.
Ghostly Business: Place, Space, and Gender in Christian Petzold's Yella

In the wake of 09/11, the bursting of the “dot.com bubble” and the ensuing collapse of the “Neuer Markt” – mere precursors of today’s global financial meltdown – fuelled economic insecurities in the German-speaking countries. Much of the postmillennial aesthetic production demonstrates how painfully aware German-speaking artists are of the “flip side” of global capitalism, echoing Heiner Muller’s assessment that the phantom of a free market society finally replaced the ghost of communism (Muller 233). The toll that uncanny economic dealings inflict upon fragile individuals became a topic on the German stage (Rolf Hochhuth, McKinsey kommt, 2003; Moritz Rinke, Cafe Umberto, 2005), in prose fiction (Rainer Merkel, Das Jahr der Wunder, 2001; Kathrin Roggla, wir schlafen nicht, 2003; Johannes Ullmaier, ed. Schicht! Arbeitsreportagen fur die Endzeit, 2007; and most recently Terezia Mora, Der einzige Mann auf dem Kontinent, 2009), as well as film (Lichter, dir. Hans-Christian Schmid, 2003; Import/Export, dir. Ulrich Seidl, 2007). These and other narratives suggest that globalized, postnational societies governed by neoliberalism increasingly turn the flexible, cooperative, and efficient individuals living in them (cf. Sennett) into zombie-like creatures disenfranchised from themselves and their environment. This ghostliness shapes notions of subjectivity and identity constructions. Christian Petzold’s filmic work is a notable example for the connection between the economic woes of our time and a curious surge of the ghost motif in contemporary culture. Petzold is also the most prominent representative of the “seismographic, minimalist, existentialist” cinema (Suchsland) commonly referred to as “Berlin School,” a brand of films “devoted to the real as well as to realism, of a rare formal rigour and a stubborn tenderness” (Moller). By rendering visible aspects of social reality that are all too often absent from the consciousness of citizens in postwall Germany, filmmakers of its first generation, such as Petzold, Thomas Arslan, and Angela Schanelec, analyze the present of a country that still struggles with finding its “true” identity six decades after the end of World War II and two decades after unification (Abel, “Intensifying Life”).
Red-light cameras at intersections: Estimating preferences using a stated choice model

Red-light cameras placed at intersections have the potential to increase safety, but they are often viewed as an invasion of privacy. Preferences for these cameras were explored using a stated choice model that presents key attributes of camera placements. Stated choice models involve careful experimental design, akin to experimental control in laboratory settings. A variety of design approaches were used, settling on a composition of the choice sets people face in the survey. To illustrate the approach, an internet survey was used with a convenience sample containing a high percentage of college students. The results show that while not the case independently, as the number of cameras and fines for violators are simultaneously increased, the preferences for one particular red light cameras program are likely to improve.
1/f noise in the dark current of GaN QWIPs

The dark current of Quantum Well Inter-subband Photodetectors is affected by 1/f noise that limits the detectivity. This paper applies for the first time conventional quantum 1/f noise expressions to calculate the expected level of 1/f noise in QWIPs and applies the resulting engineering formulas to the case of GaInAs/InP and GaN/AlGaN QWIPs. Both the collisionless and collision-dominated cases are considered. The elementary process causing the dark current is the transfer of an electron from one well to the neighboring well. This happens under the influence of the applied electric field, and has in general both thermally activated and tunneling components. The larger the applied electric field, the larger is the squared velocity change of the carriers, and the larger is the obtained conventional quantum 1/f effect. The detectivity of the devices is calculated on this basis. Quantum well intersubband photodetectors (QWIPs) can be extended in principle from infrared into the THz region.
The effect of tricaine on use of the fluorescein test for detecting skin and corneal ulcers in fish.

Abstract Fluorescein has been used for rapid and sensitive detection of fish skin and corneal ulceration. Effective use of the fluorescein test requires knowledge of conditions that might cause misleading interpretations or otherwise interfere with test reliability. Examination of fish health and the clinical workup often require tricaine as one of the most commonly used anesthetics. However, tricaine may interfere with correct interpretation of the fluorescein test and might also cause significant fish injury. The effects of tricaine exposure sequence on the fidelity of the fluorescein test was studied in Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, and northern rock soles Lepidopsetta polyxystra by examining the fluorescence of experimentally induced epidermal wounding. Tricaine can quench fluorescence that is emitted by fluorescein retained in skin ulcers, causing a false-negative reaction. Thus, for the fluorescein test to work properly, it is important to avoid the ...
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy IIB Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Characteristics

Axonal forms of autosomal dominant hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSNs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders based on genetic linkage studies. We recently identified one large family with axonal HMSN exhibiting linkage to chromosome 3q, designated HMSN IIB, and report here the clinical and electrodiagnostic features. We clinically evaluated 10 individuals with HMSN IIB and performed detailed electrophysiologic studies in 5 of these patients. HMSN IIB is characterized clinically by the presence of distal symmetric motor weakness and prominent sensory loss affecting the lower extremities with preserved ankle reflexes. Symptomatic age at onset is in the second or early third decade of life. Six patients with HMSN IIB had distal trophic ulcerations in the feet, leading to eventual toe amputations in four cases. Electrodiagnostic studies confirmed a distal sensorimotor axonopathy involving the lower limbs with normal motor conduction velocities. Tibial H-reflexes were preserved in HMSN IIB, despite the uniform loss of sural nerve potentials. Overall, individuals with HMSN IIB demonstrated a consistent clinical and electrodiagnostic phenotype that had no overlap with genetically unaffected family members. The identification of specific clinical and electrodiagnostic features of HMSN IIB may prove useful in the diagnosis and differentiation between various subtypes of HMSN II.
Large Improvement in Thermoelectric Properties in Pressure-Tuned p-Type Sb1.5Bi0.5Te3

There is widespread interest in the search for materials that would allow the fabrication of more efficient thermoelectric devices for cooling and power generation applications. Here, we report a large increase in the thermoelectric power of p-doped antimony bismuth telluride alloys upon pressure tuning under nonhydrostatic compression conditions. Together with measurements of the electrical conductivity and an upper bound estimated for the thermal conductivity under pressure, these results indicate that values of the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, in excess of 2 have been achieved, substantially larger than the best observed values in bulk materials to date. We suggest an explanation for the observed behavior and strategies for attempting to reproduce it at ambient pressure.
Early understanding of the representational function of pictures

Abstract An important function of pictures is the communication of information — a function that has been ignored in reserach on the development of pictorial perception and comprehension. When are young children first capable of using pictures as a source of information to guide their behavior? The six studies reported here reveal a dramatic developmental change between 24 and 30 months of age in the use of pictorial information about the location of a hidden object. When presented with a picture that showed the location of a hidden toy, 30-month-olds readily retrieved the toy, but 24-month-olds did not. The extremely poor performance of the 24-month-olds was replicated and shown to persist in spite of various modifications made in the task in an effort to improve performance. We conclude that our 24-month-old subjects did not interpret the pictures as representation of current reality. We propose that very young children's early pictorial experience may predispose them to be overly conservative in interpreting the relation between pictures and their referents.
A retro-inverso Prosaptide™ D5 promotes a myelination process in developing rats

The myelinotrophic action of Prosaptide D5 was investigated in developing rats. Sulfatide concentrations in brain and sciatic nerve were determined to assess the development of myelination. Subcutaneous D5-injection significantly increased sulfatide concentrations in both brain and sciatic nerve by 250 and 150% over controls, respectively. D5 promoted ERK phosphorylation in iSC Schwann cells similar to prosaposin. The results showed that D5 treatment stimulated a myelination process in developing rat.
Score tests in the presence of errors in covariates in matched case-control studies

If covariates are measured with errors, failure to account for that errors may result in a biased estimator of the parameters and consequently the test based on the corresponding estimator may turn out to be biased under the non-zero null hypothesis. In this paper we derive score tests for testing the association between a disease and covariates when a covariate is measured with errors in a matched case-control study. In particular, we deal with the scenario where a possibly biased surrogate is measured in the main data set which is accompanied by an external calibration data that contain the biased surrogate and repeated measures of an unbiased surrogate variable. Under the additive, normal, non-differential measurement errors, and flexible parametric model assumptions, we derive a score test for testing the effect of the covariate measured with errors. In addition, we also derive a score test for a more general hypothesis involving the coefficients associated with the covariates measured with and without errors, which is useful for testing a relationship among the effects of the covariates, such as equality of one or more regression coefficients. Finite sample performance of the proposed method is judged via simulation studies. The proposed method is also applied to a real matched case-control data on colon cancer.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Improving the Reading Comprehension of Secondary Students: Implications for Students with Learning Disabilities

Reading comprehension is a complex skill that places significant demands on students, beginning with elementary school and continuing through the secondary grades. In this article, we provide an overview of possible factors associated with problems in reading comprehension among secondary students with learning disabilities. Discussion underscores the fact that comprehension problems are evidenced by a heterogeneous group of students. We argue that it is important for teachers to align an intervention with a specific area of difficulty (e.g., teaching prefixes and suffixes to increase reading vocabulary). We highlight research-based interventions advocated by the National Reading Panel and offer ways that teachers can match specific strategies with the individual needs of students with problems in reading comprehension. Finally, we emphasize that whatever strategy is selected, it should be structured, explicit, scaffolded, and intense (Williams et al., 2005).
Mineralogical and chemical evolution of contaminated igneous rocks at a gabbro-limestone contact, Christmas Mountains, Big Bend region, Texas

Reaction between alkali gabbro magma and limestone produced a 0.2- to 3-m-thick zone of nepheline pyroxenite and a 0.1- to 1-m-thick band of calc-silicate skarn at their contact. The sinuous embayed pyroxenite-skarn contact, the presence of rounded skarn xenoliths in pyroxenite, and textural evidence for growth of calc-silicate skarn by replacement of both marble and solid pyroxenite indicate that reaction involved assimilation of carbonate wall rock by magma and loss of Al and Si to the skarn. The uneven modal distribution of euhedral titanaugite and enveloping nepheline in pyroxenite, the restricted occurrence of nepheline syenite as dikes in pyroxenite and skarn and the mineralogical similarity of nepheline syenite and the leucocratic matrix of pyroxenite suggest that pyroxenite represents an accumulation of titanaugite cemented by an alkali-rich residual magma and that nepheline syenite represents a part of the residual contaminated magma that was squeezed out of the clinopyroxene crystal mush. Limestone assimilation is modeled by reaction of calcite and magmatic plagioclase, which results in resorption of plagioclase, growth of clinopyroxene enriched in Fe, Ti, and Al, and solution of nepheline and wollastonite in residual contaminated magma. The bulk composition of pyroxenite evolved by addition of Ca from dissolved limestone, loss of Al and Si to skarn, and local segregation of solid clinopyroxene and nepheline syenite magma. The predominance of pyroxenite among contaminated rocks and their restriction to a narrow zone along the intrusive contact provide little evidence for the genesis of a significant volume of nepheline syenite magma by limestone assimilation.
Developmental origin of segmental differences in the leech ectoderm: Survival and differentiation of the distal tubule cell is determined by the host segment☆

The body plan of the adult leech is metameric, with each hemisegmental complement of ectodermal and mesodermal tissues being produced from a set of seven serially repeated embryonic blast cells. Previous studies have shown that homologous o blast cells give rise to an almost identical complement of descendant cells in each of the 21 abdominal segments, but that one o blast cell derivative--the distalmost cell of the nephridial tubule--is only present in 15 abdominal segments in the mature leech. Here we show that all o blast cells generate a presumptive distal tubule cell and that this cell migrates to its normal position in all abdominal segments. However, in segments which normally do not contain the mesodermal portion of the nephridium, the distal tubule cell dies before undergoing its terminal morphological differentiation. To ascertain whether the fate of the distal tubule cell is determined by its lineage history or by the segmental environment into which it is born, we utilized a previously described procedure for altering the segmental register between different embryonic cell lines. This procedure allowed us to effectively transplant o blast cells into more posterior segments prior to the cell divisions which generate their descendant clones. The results indicate that the survival or death of the distal tubule cell is determined by the identity of the host segment and that a given distal tubule cell could be effectively murdered or rescued by slipping its blast cell precursor into an appropriate segment. These findings suggest that the segment-specific pattern of distal tubule cell survival is not inherent to the O cell line, but arises from interactions with surrounding tissues.
Survey of learning results in adaptive resonance theory (ART) architectures

In this paper we investigate the learning properties of ART1, Fuzzy Art, and ARTMAP architectures. These architectures were introduced by Carpenter and Grossberg over the last eight years. some of the learning properties discussed in this paper involve characteristics of the clusters formed in these architectures while other learning properties concentrate on how fast it will take these architectures to converge to a solution for the type of problems that are capable of solving. This latter issue is very important in the neural network literature, and there are very few instances where it has been answered satisfactorily. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Behavioral self-regulation for weight loss in young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

To determine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining young adults in a brief behavioral weight loss intervention tailored for this age group, and to assess the preliminary efficacy of an intervention that emphasizes daily self-weighing within the context of a self-regulation model. Forty young adults (29.1 ± 3.9 years, range 21–35, average BMI of 33.36 ± 3.4) were randomized to one of two brief behavioral weight loss interventions: behavioral self-regulation (BSR) or adapted standard behavioral treatment (SBT). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment (10 weeks), and follow-up (20 weeks). Intent to treat analyses were conducted using general linear modeling in SPSS version 14.0. Participants in both groups attended an average of 8.7 out of 10 group meetings, and retention rates were 93% and 88% for post-treatment and follow-up assessments, respectively. Both groups achieved significant weight losses at post-treatment (BSR = -6.4 kg (4.0); SBT = -6.2 kg (4.5) and follow-up (BSR = -6.6 kg (5.5); SBT = -5.8 kg (5.2), p < .001; but the interaction of group × time was not statistically significant, p = .84. Across groups, there was a positive association between frequency of weighing at follow-up and overall weight change at follow-up (p = .01). Daily weighing was not associated with any adverse changes in psychological symptoms. Young adults can be recruited and retained in a behavioral weight loss program tailored to their needs, and significant weight losses can be achieved and maintained through this brief intervention. Future research on the longer-term efficacy of a self-regulation approach using daily self-weighing for weight loss in this age group is warranted. # NCT00488228
Comparing bioavailability in five Arctic soils by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract The bioavailability of soil organic matter (SOM) from five Arctic soils was studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and laboratory incubation techniques. Soil samples were incubated concurrently at 4 and 25 °C for approx. 4 months. Py-GC/MS was used to determine the relative percentage of a suite of chemical components in the SOM before and after incubation at both temperatures. Following incubation at 4 °C, the relative percentage of polysaccharides and phenols in SOM decreased compared to that of amino carbohydrates and lipids. The change in the relative percentage of lignin was uncorrelated to any other fraction of the soil organic matter. Following incubation at 25 °C, the relative percentage of polysaccharides and lignin in SOM decreased compared to that of lipids. The changes in relative percentage of amino carbohydrates and phenols were uncorrelated to any other fraction of the SOM. The cumulative mass of carbon dioxide respired during incubation was found to be strongly correlated to the initial relative abundance of polysaccharides for incubations at 4 °C.
Role of flumazenil for paradoxical reaction to midazolam during endoscopic procedures in children.

Role of flumazenil for paradoxical reaction to midazolam during endoscopic procedures in children
The generation of hydroxyl radicals in biologic systems: toxicological aspects.

— The formation of hydroxyl radicals in vitro was studied through their reaction with 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyric acid to form ethylene gas. The autoxidation reaction of 6-aminodopamine served as a model source of hydroxyl radicals. Ethylene production was suppressed by catalase and by superoxide dismutase, indicating that both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were involved in the reaction. Hydroxyl radical scavengers (thiourea > benzoate > ethanol) suppressed ethylene production in good agreement with their respective rate constants for reaction with hydroxyl radicals. Urea served as a negative control. Several substituted thiourea derivatives also suppressed ethylene production to a similar degree as thiourea itself. Biologic studies centered on several cytotoxic agents whose mechanisms of action are thought to involve hydroxyl radicals. These agents included alloxan, which destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, and 6-hydroxy- and 6-aminodopamine, which destroy sympathetic nerves. Damage to tissues in vivo was blocked to varying degrees by pretreatment of animals with hydroxyl radical scavengers such as ethanol or the thiourea derivatives. In addition, hydroxyl radical scavengers blocked the action of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, a neurotoxin whose effects on noradrenaline neurons were previously shown to be blocked by inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. The data indicate that these cell toxins produce their damaging actions on specific target cells through the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals.
New mutations affecting induced mutagenesis in yeast

Abstract Previously isolated mutations in baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that impair induced mutagenesis were all identified with the aid of tests that either exclusively or predominantly detect base-pair substitutions. To avoid this bias, we have screened 11 366 potentially mutant clones for UV-induced reversion of the frameshift allele, his4–38, and have identified 10 mutants that give much reduced yields of revertants. Complementation and recombination tests show that 6 of these carry mutations at the previously known REV1, REV1 and REV3 loci, while the remaining 4 define 3 new genes, REV4 (2 mutations), REV5 and REV6. The rev4 mutations are readily suppressed in many genetic backgrounds and, like the rev5 mutation, impart only a limited deficiency for induced mutagenesis: it is likely, therefore that the REV4+ and REV5+ gene functions are only remotely concerned with this process. The rev6 mutants have a more general deficiency, however, as well as marked sensitivity to UV and an increased spontaneous mutation rate, properties that suggest the REV6 gene is directly involved in mutation induction. The REV5 gene is located about 1 cM proximal to CYC1 on chromosome X.
High rates of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 19p13 in human breast cancer

We have recently discovered that the nuclear matrix protein SAFB is an oestrogen receptor corepressor. Since it has become clear that many steroid receptor cofactors play important roles in breast tumorigenesis, we investigated whether SAFB could also be involved in breast cancer. To address this question, the gene locus was examined for structural alterations in breast cancer tissue. Laser capture microdissection was used for isolating DNA from paired primary breast tumour and normal tissue specimens, and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 19p13.2-3 was determined by use of microsatellite markers. LOH was detected at the marker D19S216, which colocalizes with the SAFB locus, in specimens from 29 (78.4%) of 37 informative patients. The peak LOH rate occurred at D19S216 near the SAFB locus, with LOH frequencies ranging from 21.6% to 47.2% at other markers. The finding of a very high LOH rate at the marker D19S216 strongly indicates the presence of a breast tumour-suppressor gene locus. While preliminary findings of mutations in SAFB suggest that this indeed may be a promising candidate, other potential candidate genes are located at this locus.
Simple model of plasma acceleration in a magnetic nozzle

A collisionless, steady-state, cold-plasma model is used to calculate the three-dimensional trajectory of a plasma as it is accelerated through a diverging magnetic field. The magnetic field is assumed to be axisymmetric with nonzero radial and axial components and zero azimuthal component. Although random thermal motion of plasma species is neglected in the cold plasma approximation, an important effect of plasma thermal energy is accounted for in the model as the kinetic energy of electrons in their Larmor motion about magnetic field lines. Calculations based on this model confirm previous studies which suggested that plasma separation from the field of a magnetic nozzle can take place even in the absence of collisional diffusion. It is shown that plasma divergence in a magnetic nozzle can be controlled by tailoring the field geometry.
870 Palivizumab Prophylaxis for Vrs Infection in Preterm Infants with Gestational Age ≤30 Weeks: Compliance, Efficacy and Adverse Events

870 Palivizumab Prophylaxis for Vrs Infection in Preterm Infants with Gestational Age ≤30 Weeks: Compliance, Efficacy and Adverse Events
Properties of unique realizations-a survey

A graph is called simple if it is the only realization of its degree sequences. The simple graphs which are not blocks are characterized. Results on the radius and diameter of simple blocks are given.
The Global Reach of a New Discourse: How Far Can ‘Creative Industries’ Travel?

This article raises the question of 'creative industries' as a travelling discourse and examines its relevance to mainland China in the wake of its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). How do we construct a viable comparative framework that would enable us to track the place-specific economies of knowledge, creativity and content production? How do we account for a locale's needs for specific discursive constructs? How can responsible cultural theorists talk about different national cultural policies relationally? This article brings to the fore an approach that prioritizes the infrastructural inquiries of the local agenda. Thus, it is shown that the same socialist state launched a campaign on creative industries in Hong Kong while stepping up its promotion of 'cultural industries' as a new policy category on the mainland. China's stakes of entering the WTO are examined alongside the sites of crises embedded in the Chinese local norm.
TORQUE AND MOMENTUM TRANSFER IN ACCRETING BLACK HOLESfn1

A very simple analytic model is presented of plasma accretion in a rotating black hole that is limited by the condition of weakness of the electromagnetic field but that displays very clearly the mechanisms by which, in a realistic situation, rotational energy can be extracted and a net charge can be induced on the hole. 7 references. (auth)
Investment Function: Enhanced Fairness and Performance in Multi-hop Wireless Networks

In multi-hop wireless networks, longer-hop UDP and especially TCP flows receive a smaller fraction of the available bandwidth than single-hop flows in the absence of specific resource allocation techniques. Also, inter-node interference effects in multi-hop networks lead to incredibly poor bandwidth utilization. This paper begins to address these and other related issues through the novel concept of an investment function which captures the investments (network resources consumed, price paid for service quality, etc.) that are made in packet flows. The investment value of packets or packet flows can then be used to control their treatment in the network, with the goal of providing fair and efficient utilization of network resources through minimizing wasted investment and/or maximizing investment throughput. We show that a simple investment function can significantly improve flow fairness by smoothing out the disparities in distribution of bandwidth among flows with different hop length while simultaneously improving bandwidth utilization efficiency.
A General Model of Tactical and Inverse Tactical Voting

‘Tactical voting’ refers to voting contrary to one's nominal preferences. The usual form of tactical voting described in the literature consists of ‘third’ party supporters in plurality electoral settings voting for one of the two major parties in their constituency. This Note aims to demonstrate both theoretically and empirically the existence of the converse phenomenon, i.e. followers of one of the two big parties voting for a small one. We shall call this phenomenon ‘inverse tactical voting’ (ITV).
Gravity and light control of the developmental polarity of regenerating protoplasts isolated from prothallial cells of the fern Ceratopteris richardii

A procedure has been developed for isolating protoplasts from prothalli of Ceratopteris richardii which can be cultured and are capable of regeneration. Protoplasts were isolated from 2-week-old gametophytes in a medium containing wall-digesting enzymes in 0.5 M sucrose, followed by purification of the released protoplasts by floating them up into a 0.5 M sorbitol layer. Regeneration occurred over a period of 10-24 days, and, under optimal osmotic conditions, followed the developmental pattern seen during spore germination, in that the first division gave rise to a primary rhizoid. Thus, prothallial protoplasts are comparable to germinating spores as suitable models for studies of developmental polarity in single cells. As in germinating spores, the polarity of development in regenerating protoplasts is influenced by the vectors of gravity and unilateral light. However, the relative influence of light in fixing this polarity is greater in regenerating protoplasts, while in germinating spores, the influence of gravity is greater.
The Use of Cyclodextrin-Based LC Stationary Phases for the Separation of Chiral Dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives

The enantiomeric separation of 12 chiral dihydrobenzofurans is reported on derivatized β-cyclodextrin stationary phases using high performance liquid chromatography. The hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase (CSP) with acetonitrile/water mobile phases was the most effective combination as it baseline separated 9 of the 12 compounds. The acetyl β-cyclodextrin and 2,3-dimethyl β-cyclodextrin CSPs were also effective in the reverse phase mode. The native β-cyclodextrin was far less effective than the non-aromatic derivatized CSPs. The aromatic functionalized CSPs showed no selectivity in the normal phase mode. Structural characteristics, such as substituent polarity and ring location, were important in the observed enantioselectivity.
Algorithms for predicting ion association in supercritical H2O fluids

Abstract The forces that produce complexes in aqueous supercritical fluids can be understood by considering the electrostatic interaction between charged ions. We have used a modified Gilkerson-Fuoss equation to calculate association constants given the electrostatic radius of a given complex and the temperature, pressure, and dielectric constant of the solvent. Correlations between crystallographic radii, calculated electrostatic radii, and solvent-solute interaction terms for experimentally measured electrolytes in supercritical aqueous solutions permit estimation of association constants for aqueous complexes in crustal fluids between 1 and 4 kbar and from 400 to 700°C.
Early Paleozoic Sedimentation in Reelfoot Rift: ABSTRACT

Analysis of subsurface data from deep tests drilled in the northern Mississippi embayment and southern Mid-Continent suggests that earliest Paleozoic sedimentation was dominated by the tectonic evolution of the Reelfoot rift. Throughout most of the Mid-Continent, the Upper Cambrian Lamotte (Mt. Simon) Sandstone rests nonconformably on Precambrian basement and is overlain by the Bonneterre (Eau Claire) Formation. However, in the area of the Reelfoot rift, both the Lamotte and Bonneterre grade into thick, basinal shales that locally display evidence of episodic deposition of coarse clastics, perhaps on submarine fans. Moreover, two major sedimentary units are present beneath the Lamotte-Bonneterre basinal facies within the Reelfoot rift. Immediately underlying the Lamotte-Bonneterre shale is a carbonate stratum (probably dolomite) that thickens to more than 1,000 ft (300 m) along the axis of the basin in eastern Arkansas. Underlying this carbonate is a detrital unit that grades from arkosic sandstone near the northern terminus of the basin to a basinal shale southward. This basinal shale is at least several hundred feet thick near the axis of the basin. These two strata occupy the stratigraphic position of the Conasauga (Middle Cambrian) and Rome (Lower Cambrian) Formations of the southern Appalachians. The axial and transverse distribution of these strata suggests that the Reelfoot evolved as paired grabens or half grabens during the Early and Middle Cambrian. Subsequently, the Reelfoot remained the axis for more widespread subsidence and sedimentation throughout much of the Paleozoic. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1456------------
Amphoteric Surface Hydrogels Derived from Hydrogen-Bonded Multilayers: Reversible Loading of Dyes and Macromolecules†

We used hydrogen-bonded multilayers of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) as precursors for producing surface-bound hydrogels and studied their pH-dependent swelling and protein uptake behavior using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ ellipsometry. The hydrogels were produced by selective chemical cross-linking between PMAA units using carbodiimide chemistry and ethylenediamine (EDA) as a cross-linking reagent, followed by complete removal of PVPON from the film obtained by exposing the film to pH 7.5. As shown by in situ ellipsometry, hydrogels exhibit distinctive polyampholytic swelling as a function of pH, with minimum swelling at pH 4.2-5.7, and increased film thickness at both lower and higher pH values. Film swelling at lower pH values occurs as a result of the presence of amino groups within the hydrogels, which originate from the one-end attachment of the EDA cross-linker to PMAA chains. The pH-switching of hydrogel swelling was fast and reversible. The degree of hydrogel swelling could be also controlled by varying the time allowed for cross-linking. The produced hydrogels were able to absorb large amounts of dyes and proteins of opposite charge reversibly, in response to pH variations. Finally, we demonstrate that proteins included within the hydrogel can easily be replaced with linear polycations. These surface hydrogels hold promise for bioseparation and controlled delivery applications.
Initiation of protein synthesis with fluorophore-Met-tRNAf and the involvement of IF-2

The complicity of initiation factor 2 (IF-2) in causing the observed low incorporation of N-terminal fluorophore from fluorophore-methionyl-tRNA(f) during protein synthesis in an in vitro coupled transcription/translation system was investigated. The low incorporation in comparison to formyl-methionine was not due to the lack of interaction of fluorophore-Met-tRNA(f) with IF-2. Fluorescence measurements of cascade yellow-, eosin-, pyrene-, or coumarin-Met-tRNA(f) determined that all were capable of binding IF-2 at 4 mM Mg(2+) and 37 degrees C. Filter binding assays conducted in the absence of magnesium ions on fMet-tRNA(f), eosin-Met-tRNA(f), and cascade yellow-Met-tRNA(f) confirmed the previously reported value for the dissociation constant of fMet-tRNA(f) of about 1 microM and placed the binding constants for the two fluorophore derivatives about three-fold higher. Binding of the fluorophore-Met-tRNA(f) species to salt-washed ribosomes showed a more significant decrease compared to fMet-tRNA(f). Stimulation in the amount of tRNA bound to the ribosomes upon the addition of IF-2 was observed in each case. All ribosome-bound cascade yellow-Met-tRNA(f) and eosin-Met-tRNA(f) were as puromycin-reactive as fMet-tRNA(f). Cumulatively, the effects observed for the fluorophore-Met-tRNA species in partial reactions of initiation may account for the reduced incorporation of these probes at the N terminus of polypeptides.
Research as Poetry: A Couple Experiences HIV

Two poems that are extracted and formed from research interviews are presented as examples of a possible way to represent research data. The practice of developing research poetry is problematic due to a lack of evaluation standards. Yet poems can be a powerful narrative tool to further empathy and understanding and can serve education and advocacy goals.
Obliquity forcing with 8–12 times preindustrial levels of atmospheric pCO2 during the Late Ordovician glaciation

Results from coupled ice-sheet and atmospheric general circulation models show that the waxing and waning of ice sheets during the Late Ordovician were very sensitive to changes in atmospheric p CO 2 and orbital forcing at the obliquity time scale (30–40 k.y.). Without orbital forcing, ice sheets can grow with p CO 2 level as high as 10 times preindustrial atmospheric level (PAL). However, with orbital forcing, ice sheets can grow only with p CO 2 levels of 8 times PAL or lower. These results indicate that the threshold of p CO 2 for the initiation of glaciation is on the lower end of previously published estimates of 8–20 times PAL. The ice-sheet model results further indicate that during exceptionally long periods of low summer insolation and low p CO 2 levels (8–10 times PAL), large ice sheets could have formed that were able to sustain permanent glaciation under subsequently higher p CO 2 values. This finding suggests that in order to end the Late Ordovician glaciation with a rise in p CO 2 , atmospheric p CO 2 must have risen to at least 12 times PAL. Ice sheets therefore introduce nonlinearities and hysteresis effects to the Ordovician climate system. These nonlinearities might have also played a role in the initiation and termination of other glaciations in Earth history.
Pertussis toxin blocks somatostatin's inhibition of stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in anterior pituitary tumor cells.

Summary Somatostatin inhibits both forskolin and (−) isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in AtT-20 cells. Pretreatment of these cells with pertussis toxin prevents somatostatin's inhibitory effects on cyclic AMP production. This pretreatment also enhances the cyclic AMP response to forskolin and (−) isoproterenol without affecting basal cyclic AMP levels. The blockade of somatostatin's inhibitory effect was dependent both on the time of preincubation and concentration of pertussis toxin used. The rise in forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation following pertussis toxin treatment preceded the blockade of somatostatin's inhibitory actions. The results suggest that somatostatin acts through an inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein to affect adenylate cyclase activity.
Expert Opinions on Critical Production Factors for Sustained Growth of the Hybrid Striped Bass Industry

Abstract Aside from regulatory or technological impediments, economic factors can inhibit sustained growth of the aquaculture industry. Expert opinions were solicited regarding economic constraints within the production infrastructure of the emerging U.S. aquaculture industry for hybrid striped bass (progeny of crosses between striped bass Morone saxatilis and other Morone species) that are potential impediments to sustained growth of the industry. Respondents' experience levels and response variability were considered in the interpretation of survey responses. Closed high-density production systems, insurance coverage, and public and private financing were judged by experts as those production factors that are most prohibitively expensive, under current economic conditions, for sustained growth of the hybrid striped bass industry.
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Systolic Excursion: A Distinguishing Echocardiographic Finding in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Even though chronic pulmonary hypertension (cPH) and acute pulmonary embolism (aPE) increase pulmonary vascular resistance and result in right ventricular (RV) dilatation and systolic dysfunction; both conditions operate through drastically different mechanisms. Unfortunately, simple echocardiographic examination might be insufficient to distinguish both entities. This study attempted to determine which objective measures would be useful in differentiating aPE from cPH. Methods Standard measures of main RV as well as RV outflow tract (RVOT) size and systolic performance calculations were retrospectively measured from 15 patients with confirmed aPE by chest computed tomography and compared with similar data collected from the same number of age-matched patients with moderate (mcPH), severe (scPH), and patients without PH. Results Although a positive McConnell sign was seen in 60% of aPE patients and in 17% of the cPH patients, all aPE had a profound reduction in RVOT systolic excursion when compared with cPH patients. Furthermore, maximal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, velocity time integral of the RVOT ejection signal, end-systolic or end-diastolic RV to left ventricle (LV) dimension ratio were not useful to distinguish aPE from any of the 2 forms of cPH. Conclusion This study demonstrated that measurement of RVOT systolic excursion not only is feasible but also extremely useful in identifying aPE and it is particularly helpful in differentiating it from patients with either mcPH or scPH. This variable might be useful to estimate the global impairment in RV contractility and acute hemodynamic derangement seen in aPE.
Broadband, high spectral resolution 2-D wavelength-parallel polarimeter for Dense WDM systems

A broadband wavelength-parallel polarimeter has been designed for polarization measurements of multiple Dense WDM channels in parallel, which is based on a 2-D spectral disperser via a diffraction grating and a virtually-imaged phased-array (VIPA). At a hyperfine 2.8 GHz subchannel spacing, we have demonstrated spectral polarization measurements of ~1500 sub-channels (~32 nm spectral range), with a potential total measurement time of less than 5 ms.