cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Winter diet of brown trout Salmo trutta in groundwater-dominated streams: influence of environmental factors on spatial and temporal variation

Winter diet composition of brown trout Salmo trutta was quantified from November to March in 35 temperate groundwater-dominated streams in south-eastern Minnesota, U.S.A., in relation to stream physical characteristics including drainage area, channel slope and influence of groundwater on stream thermal regime. Aquatic invertebrates made up the majority of S. trutta diet in all streams and sampling periods and individual S. trutta typically had consumed 30 or more prey items at each sampling event. Differences in diet composition were greater among streams than between sampling periods within a stream, with Gammarus spp., Brachycentrus spp., Glossosoma spp., Chironomidae and Physella spp. the most common taxa. Landscape-scale stream characteristics were not significantly associated with S. trutta consumption or diet composition. Winter was period of significant activity in groundwater-dominated streams, as S. trutta fed on a variety of aquatic prey taxa highlighting the importance of winter base-flow in moderating S. trutta populations in seasonally cold catchments.
Implementation of design of experiments approach for the micronization of a drug with a high brittle-ductile transition particle diameter.

AbstractObjective: To optimize air-jet milling conditions of ibuprofen (IBU) using design of experiment (DoE) method, and to test the generalizability of the optimized conditions for the processing of another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).Methods: Bulk IBU was micronized using an Aljet mill according to a circumscribed central composite (CCC) design with grinding and pushing nozzle pressures (GrindP, PushP) varying from 20 to 110 psi. Output variables included yield and particle diameters at the 50th and 90th percentile (D50, D90). Following data analysis, the optimized conditions were identified and tested to produce IBU particles with a minimum size and an acceptable yield. Finally, indomethacin (IND) was milled using the optimized conditions as well as the control.Results: CCC design included eight successful runs for milling IBU from the ten total runs due to powder “blowback” from the feed hopper. DoE analysis allowed the optimization of the GrindP and PushP at 75 and 65 psi. In subseq...
Team-based Course Design: Increasing Resource Utilization and Collaboration Across Campus

ABSTRACTCommunity colleges continue to face accountability pressures without an increase in funding, requiring creativity to meet their goals. Collaborating across departments can maximize communication and minimize waste. Team-based course design is one way to encourage interdepartmental work. Within this article, a diverse team—composed of individuals representing not only faculty, but also staff and administrators from the library, student tutoring services, and distance education departments— explains best practices based on their experience with team-based course design.
Biochemical aspects on the germination of conidiospores of Aspergillus niger.

Biochemical events occurring in synchronously germinating spores of Aspergillus niger strain 1617 were investigated. The spores were found to require l-proline (or l-alanine), glucose and phosphate for the complete germination. The germination process in the above synthetic medium could be divided into three phases: endogenous swelling, exogenous swelling and sprouting. The first swelling phase was not influenced by the severe environmental factors so far tested, while the second phase was found to be affected by them, especially the CO2 concentration. Rates of increase in cellular substances and in consumption of environmental substances changed markedly after germ tubes sprouted. The first cellular synthesis thus far detected was nucleic acid synthesis in the exogenous swelling phase. At the end of this phase accumulation of free amino acids, mainly glutamic acid and alanine, was observed. Protein synthesis then followed. A conspicuous increase in O2-uptake commenced in parallel with the active synthesis of protein, when germ tubes began to sprout.
Urinary miRNAs as Biomarkers for Noninvasive Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Renal Tubular Injury

Radiation nephropathy is one of the common late effects in cancer survivors who received radiotherapy as well as in victims of radiation accidents. The clinical manifestations of radiation nephropathy occur months after exposure. To date, there are no known early biomarkers to predict the future development of radiation nephropathy. This study focuses on the development of urinary biomarkers providing readout of acute responses in renal tubular epithelial cells. An amplification-free hybridization-based nCounter assay was used to detect changes in mouse urinary miRNAs after irradiation. After a single LD50 of total-body irradiation (TBI) or clinically relevant fractionated doses (2 Gy twice daily for 3 days), changes in urinary levels of microRNAs followed either an early pattern, peaking at 6–8 h postirradiation and gradually declining, or later pattern, peaking from 24 h to 7 days. Of 600 miRNAs compared, 12 urinary miRNAs showed the acute response and seven showed the late response, common to both irra...
Playful Seriousness: The Virtue of Eutrapelia in Dialogue

ABSTRACTIn Nichomachean Ethics Aristotle identified three moral spheres associated with human communication: speaking with decorum, conversation, and social conduct. Each sphere has a corresponding...
On the smoothness condition in Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions

For a function f:Rn∖{(0,⋯,0)}→R with continuous first partial derivatives, a theorem of Euler characterizes when f is a homogeneous function. This note determines whether the conclusion of Euler's ...
Grading Severity of Productive Cough Based on Symptoms and Airflow Obstruction

The binary approach to the diagnosis of Chronic Bronchitis (CB) is a major barrier to the study of the disease. We investigated whether severity of productive cough can be graded using symptoms and presence of fixed airflow obstruction (FAO), and whether the severity correlates with health status, exposures injurious to the lung, biomarkers of inflammation, and measures of airway wall thickening. Findings from a cross-sectional sample of 1,422 participants from the Lovelace Smokers Cohort (LSC) were validated in 4,488 participants from the COPDGene cohort (COPDGene). Health status was based on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Circulating CC16 levels were quantified by ELISA (LSC), and airway wall thickening was measured using computed tomography (COPDGene). FAO was defined as postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7. The presence and duration of productive cough and presence of FAO or wheeze were graded into Healthy Smokers, Productive Cough (PC), Chronic PC, PC with Signs of Airflow Obstruction, and Chronic PC with Signs of Airflow Obstruction. In both cohorts, higher grade of severity correlated with lower health status, greater frequency of injurious exposures, greater airway wall thickening, and lower circulating CC16 levels. Further, longitudinal follow-up suggested that disease resolution can occur at every grade of severity but is more common in groups of lower severity and least common once airway remodeling develops. Therefore, severity of productive cough can be graded based on symptoms and FAO and early intervention may benefit patients by changing the natural history of disease.
Boardroom or War Room: An Expectational Analysis of CFO – Executive Board Relationships in Adventist Local Conferences

The Board of Directors represents the highest level of organizational governance, and is the governing body in corporate organizations; primarily responsible for the oversite of the operations and interests of the shareholders and/or stakeholders of the business and/or entity. The basis of this quantitative paper was instigated by the thought that the perceptions of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Local Conference leadership consequentially impact how the relationships of Chief Financial Officer(s) (CFOs/Treasurers) and their Executive Board(s) are viewed and interact based upon perceived expectations. The corporate relationships between the Chief Financial Officer(s) (CFOs) and Executive Board(s) have continued to emerge as a result of changing societal and global expectations of what is expected from organizations from shareholders, stakeholders and governments. The 21 st century inception of significant governmental regulations mainly called the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed to address and counteract emerging and widespread corruption in large USA businesses and organizations, extensive financial reporting fraud, institutional mis-management and material non-compliance in accounting practices. This legislative act redefined the relational expectations and practices of board governance and board member duties, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) corporate and organizational accountability. The magnitude of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has also affected the relational practices of Chief Financial Officers (CFOs/Treasurers) and Executive Board(s) in Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) conferences. Data was collected from a purposeful sample of N=399 at fifty-seven Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Local Conferences in the North American Division territory inclusive of Bermuda, Canada and the United States of America (USA) with a 55% response rate. A Mixed-Methods sequential exploratory research design utilizing Descriptive Statistics, ANOVAs and Chi-Square Analysis was used focusing on the quantitative aspects and results of this study. Discussion and Conclusion are explored and disclosed, and the Implications of Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Executive Board relationships on organizational governance and accountability pertaining to the overall organizational climate, effectiveness, operational efficiency are discussed.
A qualitative analysis of postpartum contraceptive choice

Background: The World Health Organization recommends a minimum 24-month birth-to-pregnancy interval to improve maternal and child health. Postpartum contraception is a mechanism to achieve optimal ...
Are you prepared to S.A.V.E. your nursing student from suicide

According to the most recently available data presented in the Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (United States Bureau of the Census, 1994), 17,100 young Americans (15 to 44 years old) died in 1991 due to suicide. At no other time during the life span were suicide rates so high. Suicide among college and university students is estimated by some to be 50% higher than for other Americans of comparable age (Westefeld & Pattilo, 1987). Not only is suicide considered by many authors to be the number one health problem on the nation's campuses (Mathiasen, 1988), but the suicide rate for this population has tripled over the past 25 years (Hardin & Weast, 1989). Professional nursing students could perhaps be at an even higher risk for suicide than other college students. Manicini, Lavecchia, and Clegg point out that "[n]ursing students are more doubtful than other college students about their academic performance. They encounter stress in adjusting to a rigorous program of theory and practice. The reality is often far different from a prospective student's image of it" (cited in Lampkin, Cannon, & Fairchild, 1985, p. 148). Because of the longevity of contact hours spent with nursing students in both lecture and clinical milieus, nursing faculty are in a uniquely favorable position to identify and assess those students who appear to be at risk for suicide. In addition, as most nurse educators provide supportive relationships, rich with caring and trust for their students, distressed students are usually open to talking to a faculty member. If a suicidal risk is found during the assessment interview, the faculty member should then provide an immediate referral for further psychiatric evaluation and intervention. To assist faculty in the quick recall of the essential components of this helping process the acronym S.A.V.E. is used: 1. S: Suicidal behaviors. 2. A: Assessment interview. 3. V: Value student. 4. E: Evaluation-Referral.
OP074: Swallowing outcomes in lip and oral cavity cancers: The dysphagia outcome and severity scale

Functional outcomes following the treatment of lip and oral cavity cancers are important determinants of quality of life. The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) is a validated seven point scale which systematically rates the severity of dysphagia. The scale uses objective findings to develop recommendations regarding the safety of oral intake, dietary restrictions, and the need for cueing of compensatory strategies with swallowing. The scale is based on three primary functions: oral stage bolus transfer, pharyngeal stage transfer, and airway protection. This study reports the results of the DOSS obtained in patients treated for lip and oral cavity cancer. Methods From 2004 to 2010, 504 lip and oral cavity cancers were treated in the Department of otolaryngology. 130 patients with previously untreated cancers and 62 patients with recurrent cancers were evaluated with a video swallow with speech pathologist participation and a DOSS assigned. Results Increasing Tstage was associated with increasing dysfunction documented by the DOSS for previously untreated lip and oral cavity cancers. 51% of previously untreated patients with T1 and T2 lesions were able to meet all nutrition and hydration needs orally. 49% required at least some alteration of the diet. Only a single patient treated for recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer demonstrated safe and efficient swallowing for all consistencies, the ability to eat independently unlimited by swallow function, and effectively use compensatory strategies when needed. The majority of recurrent cancers, 68%, required alternate methods of feeding or supplements. This level of dysfunction was consistent for recurrent T1, T2, T3, and T4 tumors. Conclusions Patients treated for recurrent lip and oral cavity cancer are significantly limited in the ability to maintain oral intake. Among patients with previously untreated lip and oral cancers who underwent a videoswallow with a speech pathologist, a variable outcome is documented with the majority maintaining all nutrition and hydration orally.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Polyps

Polyps are lesions that project from the mucosal surface into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Present flexible endoscopic instruments allow endoscopic evaluation, direct sampling biopsy, and, if safe, removal by ensnarement and fulguration. The author reviews the histologic nature of gastric and duodenal polypoidal conditions and the reason why biopsies and snare removal are undertaken. Knowing the histologic nature of the polypoid state and the risks that the condition is, or could become, malignant, the skilled endoscopist can better advise the patient on the risk- benefit of care and management schemes.
Abstract 2667: Patient-derived lymphoma cell lines and high-throughput screening enable identification of potential cytotoxic therapeutic agents for dogs and cats with lymphoma

Treatment success in lymphoma, the most common hematopoietic cancer seen in dogs and cats, continues to be elusive. The clinical arsenal is limited to a few conventional chemotherapeutic drug protocols that result in short-term responses. In this study, dog and cat patient-derived tumor cells were tested via high-throughput screening (HTS) against a pool of over 100 FDA-approved compounds for human cancer treatment as a means to identify potential treatment strategies that can be relatively easily adapted to the dog and cat, as well as over 500 protein kinase inhibitors as a means to identify potential oncogenic driver pathways. Cells from lymph node fine needle aspirates, pleural effusions, or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from over 20 lymphoma patients were placed in cell culture media with and without growth factors. Cells from two cases, ZS15 from a Boxer dog and MT16 from a domestic shorthair cat, have continued to expand for over 12 and 6 months, respectively. Characterization by flow cytometry for detection of CD3 and CD21 identified these patient-derived cells to be T-cell lymphocytes. HTS and follow-up dose response curve (DRC) assays were performed, identifying multiple drugs effective in inhibiting growth of MT16 and ZS15 cells at nanomolar concentrations in vitro; these included anthracenedione/anthracycline-class and actinomycin-class drugs, as well as mRNA synthesis, microtubule/spindle formation, proteasome, histone deacetylase, or insulin growth factor-1 receptor inhibitors, many of which are currently not used in veterinary species. Notably, ZS15 cell growth was inhibited by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, corroborating previous exome sequencing data of Boxer T-cell lymphomas that identified recurrent driver mutations in the PTEN-mTOR pathway. In addition, many of these drugs showed much higher IC50s in HTS and DRC assays on primary canine and feline fibroblasts, used as surrogates for normal tissue, revealing the specificity of their action on the cancer cells. These results advocate use of HTS and DRC assays as a means for identification of oncogenic driving mechanisms and for identification of drugs novel to veterinary medicine that warrant further investigation as alternative treatments for lymphoma in companion animals, which in turn can serve as valuable and accessible models for human lymphomas. Citation Format: Garrick M. Moll, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan. Patient-derived lymphoma cell lines and high-throughput screening enable identification of potential cytotoxic therapeutic agents for dogs and cats with lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2667.
Rethinking Ibn ‘Arabi

In Rethinking Ibn ‘Arabi, Gregory Lipton offers a critical intervention in the field of Ibn ʿArabī studies vis-a-vis the (mis)use of the textual tradition attributed to this thirteenth-century Musl...
Using Quartets to Compare the NCD and MCMC Methods for Constructing Phylogenetic Trees

The Normalized Compression Distance (NCD) method, which provides difference matrices from which phylogenetic trees can be constructed, is computationally very fast even on large sets of sequences. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, widely used in the literature, is computationally more expensive but is relied on as an accurate method for constructing trees. We look here at results comparing these methods with respect to unrooted quartet trees, which can serve as building blocks for deriving trees on larger sets of sequences.
Braided Electronics and Sensors Based on Parylene Tubes

This article reports a method of making flexible and stretchable electronics and sensors by braiding parylene tubes. The post-microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and post-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible fabrication process and tubular structure potentially enable the incorporation of many functionalities to the braided devices. For proof-of-concept purposes, metal piezoresistors were integrated on the parylene tubes in this work. The braided devices were assembled using a traditional three-strand braiding method. The mechanical properties have been characterized by measuring the stretching force as a function of displacement for both single-tube and braided devices. In addition, the piezoresistive sensing capability has been characterized. Finally, respiratory monitoring has been preliminarily demonstrated by attaching a braided device on the chest.
Le Fonds monétaire international et la conditionnalité

Reunis a La Malbaie du 5 au 7 aout 1990, une trentaine de juristes et d’economistes europeens, nord-americains et africains ont echange sur l’evolution du droit international economique.Ce premier colloque organise par la SDIE (Canada) en collaboration avec la SDIE (France) aborde les aspects historique, theorique, pratique et ethique de ce secteur du droit qui couvre l’organisation de la production et du commerce, les relations monetaires et financieres, le droit du commerce international, la gestion des ressources et la protection de l’environnement.Le present dossier reproduit, en francais ou en anglais, les principaux exposes. Les deux premiers textes traitent de questions generales et du cadre dans lequel se developpe le droit international economique. Les exposes suivants presentent divers aspects de ce secteur du droit en cours de transformation.
Voluntary wheel running during adolescence distinctly alters running output in adulthood in male and female rats

Adult female rats show greater running output compared with age-matched male rats, and the midbrain dopaminergic system may account for behavioral differences in running output. However, it is unknown if the lower running output in adult males can be regulated by wheel running experience during adolescence, and whether wheel running experience during adolescence will diminish the sex differences in running output during adulthood. We therefore determined and compared the exercise output in adult male and female rats that either had initiated voluntary wheel running only during adulthood or during adolescence. Our results demonstrate that running output in adult males were significantly higher when running was initiated during adolescence, and this higher running output was not significantly different from females. Running output did not differ during adulthood in females when wheel running was initiated during adolescence or during adulthood. Higher running output in females was associated with reduced expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and hyperactivation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the dorsal striatum. Notably, running during adolescence-induced higher exercise output in adult males was associated with hyperactivation of CaMKII in the dorsal striatum, indicating a mechanistic role for CaMKII in running output. Together, the present results indicate sexually dimorphic adaptive biochemical changes in the dorsal striatum in rats that had escalated running activity, and highlight the importance of including sex as a biological variable in exploring neuroplasticity changes that predict enhanced exercise output in a voluntary physical activity paradigm.
A Synchronous Online Social Work PhD Program: Educational Design and Student/Faculty Response

ABSTRACTFaculty and students evaluate the curriculum design and delivery of a synchronous online PhD program in social work that prepares scholar-practitioners in social work research, education, a...
Timing is everything: assessing the impact of maternal HIV infection diagnosis timing on infant outcomes in a ten-year retrospective cohort study in South Carolina.

The aims were to evaluate the impact of maternal HIV infection diagnosis timing on infant outcomes. The outcomes of interest included preterm delivery (PTD) and confirmed infant HIV infection. Data...
Data-driven surrogate modeling of multiphase flows using machine learning techniques

Abstract This study focuses on the development of a theoretical framework and corresponding algorithms to establish spatio-temporal surrogate models for multiphase flow processes using Gaussian process (GP) based machine learning technique trained by direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. The training (and testing) datasets are obtained by solving the incompressible form of the Navier Stokes equations with surface tension in an Eulerian reference frame. The liquid-gas interfacial evolution is resolved using a volume-of-fluid (VOF) interface capturing method. The overall framework proceeds in four steps: 1) design of experiments study to identify the training and testing points and generation of corresponding datasets using DNS calculations; 2) dimensionality reduction using proper orthogonal decomposition; 3) Gaussian process regression (supervised training) over the reduced training dataset over the entire range of operating conditions under consideration; and 4) Galerkin reconstruction and error quantification by comparing the emulated flowfields (at test conditions) with the testing dataset. The machine learning framework predicts both the spatial basis-functions and the time-coefficients, thus, predicting the entire flowfield in time and space. The capabilities of the algorithm are demonstrated for two canonical flow configurations: 1) flow over a circular cylinder for a range of Reynolds numbers from 10 to 200; and 2) diesel jet injected into a quiescent nitrogen environment at chamber pressure of 30 atm and room temperature conditions, and injection velocities from 10 to 55 m/s, corresponding to a range of gas-based Weber numbers from 11.5 to 348. The emulations from the learned GP algorithm show excellent agreement with high-fidelity numerical data for test conditions; average error (in both space and time) at the testing point of Re = 185 for the flow over cylinder case is 4.4%, and for the diesel jet injection configuration at a testing point corresponding to velovity of 22.5 m/s is found to be 15.5%. The tip penetration location of the diesel jet is predicted within 2.5% of the DNS calculations. Corresponding to these two representative test points, speedup of 256 and 8000 is achieved for flow over cylinder and diesel jet atomization configurations, respectively. This paper represents the first effort of its kind on the development of a general machine learning framework to predict multiphase flows.
Novel Devices for Stroke Prevention

Anticoagulation with warfarin and the new anticoagulants remain the standard treatment of AF to prevent strokes. However, there are patients who bleed on anticoagulation therapy; the bleeding often occurs through the gastrointestinal system and into the brain. These patients are at risk for repeated bleeding. Moreover, many of these patients have a high risk of stroke if left without anticoagulation. Echocardiographic and autopsy studies have demonstrated that the left atrial appendage (LAA) is the major source of clots in patients with AF. The obvious solution to this problem is to insert a device to close the LAA. In this chapter the author discusses the role of several devices including the Watchman, Amplatzer Cardiac Plug and Amulet, and the Lariat device for LAA occlusion.
Real-world exposure to graphic warning labels on cigarette packages in US smokers: The CASA randomized trial protocol.

Author(s): Pierce, John P; Strong, David R; Stone, Matthew D; Villasenor, Adriana; Dimofte, Claudiu V; Leas, Eric C; Oratowski, Jesica; Brighton, Elizabeth; Hurst, Samantha; Pulvers, Kimberley; Kealey, Sheila; Chen, Ruifeng; Messer, Karen | Abstract: BackgroundThe US lags behind g120 countries in implementing graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs. US courts prevented implementation of FDA's 2012 rule requiring GWLs citing the need for more evidence on effectiveness. After more research, in 2020, the FDA proposed a revised rule mandating GWLs. This trial will test how the introduction of GWLs influence cognitions and behavior in US smokers.MethodTo investigate the "real-world" impact of GWLs in US smokers, we are conducting a randomized trial involving a 3-month intervention and 8-month follow-up. The study recruited California smokers between September 2016 through December 2019 and randomly assigned them into 3 groups (1) Blank Pack devoid of any cigarette branding; (2) GWL Pack featuring 1 of 3 rotating images added to blank pack; or (3) their usual Standard US Pack. Throughout the 3-month intervention, participants purchased study-packaged cigarettes and reported daily cognitions and behavior through ecological momentary assessments. We will validate self-reported tobacco use with saliva cotinine concentrations following the 3-month intervention and 8-month follow-up.ResultsThe trial enrolled 359 participants (average age 39nyears; average cigarette consumption half a pack/day). The 3 study groups were balanced on age, gender, race-ethnicity, education and income (17% low income) as well as on smoking related variables.ConclusionsThis 3-month real-world randomized trial will test the effect of repackaging cigarettes from standard US packs to GWL plain packs on smokers' perceptions of the risks of smoking, their perception of the appeal of their cigarettes, and on their smoking behavior.
Understanding Conditions for Teaching Innovation in Postsecondary Education: Development and Validation of the Survey of Climate for Instructional Improvement (SCII)

Adoption of evidence based instructional practices is not widespread in American institutions of higher education. This is due in part to reforms focusing on individual teaching practices rather than conditions for system reform. Since measurement of organizational conditions is critical for widespread change, we developed and validated the Survey of Climate for Instructional Improvement (SCII). SCII has 30 Likert-scale statements, 5 supplementary questions, and 9 demographic items. It is designed to measure five aspects of organizational climate in postsecondary settings: leadership, collegiality, resources, respect for teaching, and organizational support. The goal of this paper is to describe (a) our development process, (b) steps in validation, and (c) patterns in the data from 917 instructors at six institutions of higher education in the United States. Our results indicate that the instrument is reliable and has the potential to differentiate among institutions, disciplines, departments, and other demographic variables. Although the survey is interdisciplinary, we highlight notable organizational climate differences between STEM and non-STEM disciplines. We also identify organizational climate differences for cis-gender women and graduate student instructors, highlighting unique professional support needs for these groups. We expect our findings and the instrument to be useful for campus change leaders, faculty developers, higher education researchers, and discipline-based education researchers.
Regulation of aggregation-induced emission color of α-cyanostilbene luminogens through donor engineering of amino derivatives

Abstract In this contribution, α-cyanostilbene-based D-π-A-π-D type compounds consisting of different substituents on the amino donor group (e.g., fused, aryl/alkyl, and dialkyl) were designed, synthesized and their aggregation-induced emission was investigated thoroughly. The incorporation of these substituents furnished AIE features with tunable emission colors ranging from green-to-yellow-to-red. The compounds all showed a weak emission in THF; however, they showed an enhanced emission upon addition of water by forming emissive aggregates, which may arise from the restriction of twisted intramolecular charge transfer and E/Z isomerization. The DFT calculations revealed that the luminogens adopted distinctive conformations including a highly twisted one and a relatively coplanar one with the variation in the amino substituents.
Correlates of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation among clients in residential substance use disorder treatment.

Little is known about e-cigarette use among persons in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, or their use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Prevalence of e-cigarette use and correlates of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation were examined among clients in SUD treatment. Participants (n = 332) were current cigarette smokers recruited from 20 residential SUD programs in California. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify correlates of using e-cigarettes for quitting smoking. Almost half (45.2%) of the sample had ever used e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, and 34% had used e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. Smokers who had used e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, compared to those who had not, were younger (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91, 0.96), had more than a high school education (AOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.68), sought treatment for both SUD and mental health disorder (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.38, 5.00), wanted help quitting smoking (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.03, 3.50) and perceived e-cigarettes as equally harmful (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.10, 8.33) or less harmful than tobacco cigarettes (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.02, 7.77). Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino participants were less likely to use e-cigarettes for smoking cessation than participants who identify as White. E-cigarettes were favorably perceived by clients in residential SUD treatment as a quit smoking aid. Treatment programs should consider how to advise clients with respect to the use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Detection of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutated Glioblastomas Through Anomaly Detection Analytics.

Background The rarity of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase mutated (mIDH) glioblastomas relative to wild-type IDH glioblastomas, as well as their distinct tumor physiology, effectively render them "outliers". Specialized tools are needed to identify these outliers. Objective To carefully craft and apply anomaly detection methods to identify mIDH glioblastoma based on radiomic features derived from magnetic resonance imaging. Methods T1-post gadolinium images for 188 patients and 138 patients were downloaded from The Cancer Imaging Archive's (TCIA) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma collection, and from the University of Minnesota Medical Center (UMMC), respectively. Anomaly detection methods were tested on glioblastoma image features for the precision of mIDH detection and compared to standard classification methods. Results Using anomaly detection training methods, we were able to detect IDH mutations from features in noncontrast-enhancing regions in glioblastoma with an average precision of 75.0%, 69.9%, and 69.8% using three different models. Anomaly detection methods consistently outperformed traditional two-class classification methods from 2 unique learning models (67.9%, 67.6%). The disparity in performances could not be overcome through newer, popular models such as neural networks (67.4%). Conclusion We employed an anomaly detection strategy in the detection of IDH mutation in glioblastoma using preoperative T1 postcontrast imaging. We show these methods outperform traditional two-class classification in the setting of dataset imbalances inherent to IDH mutation prevalence in glioblastoma. We validate our results using an external dataset and highlight new possible avenues for radiogenomic rare event prediction in glioblastoma and beyond.
Impact of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence on Industry: Developing a Workforce Roadmap for a Data Driven Economy

Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (BD&AI) have become so pervasive, and the opportunities they present so transformative, that they are viewed as essential for competitive growth. Since the number of firms adopting BD&AI technologies is growing exponentially, the demand for BD&AI practitioners is also growing at a rapid rate. However, several studies indicate that there is a BD&AI talent shortage and skills gap between labor market requirements and expertise available in the current workforce. This talent shortage and skills gap are now recognized as a crucial impediment in leveraging BD&AI for economic growth at the local, national, and global levels. This research aims to identify BD&AI workforce trends, gaps, and opportunities by using bibliometric analysis and extracting insights from job posting data. The study team first conducted bibliometric research and built word co-occurrence diagrams using BD&AI related articles published in high-impact journals to determine technological changes impacting various industry domains. The team then collected job postings data and summarized the skill sets required to be competitive in industries driven by BD&AI. Finally, the study team evaluated the curricula of BD&AI programs at various colleges and universities educating the future workforce and conducted a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis to bridge the gaps between industry needs and academic training. This multi-step research framework forecasts oncoming technological changes in various industry clusters, workforce skills that are and will be needed, and provides recommendations for a workforce development roadmap so that businesses can gain a competitive advantage through the use of BD&AI.
The Hidden Epidemic: The Harvard Medical Practice Study

Malpractice! The word strikes terror in doctors’ hearts—and with good reason. All doctors are at risk of being sued when things go wrong, and most doctors are in fact sued at some time in their career, whether or not they did anything wrong. For some high-risk specialties, including neurosurgery, vascular surgery, and cardiology, the percentage sued is very high, and multiple suits are not uncommon. For all doctors, the cost of malpractice insurance is substantial.
Optimizing the operation of an electrodiagnostic laboratory during the COVID-19 pandemic: A 6-month single-center experience.

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: The initial surge of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to widespread cancellation of elective medical procedures in the United States, including nonurgent outpatient and inpatient electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies. As certain regions later showed a downtrend in daily new cases, EDx laboratories have reopened under the guidance of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM). In our reopening experience guided by the AANEM, we measured relevant outcomes to determine further workflow adaptations. We aimed to detail our experience and share the lessons learned. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical volumes, billing data, diagnosis distributions, and rates of COVID-19 exposure and transmission among patients and staff in our EDx laboratory during the first 6 months of reopening, starting on June 1, 2020. For context, we detailed the recent AANEM guidelines we adopted at our laboratory, supplemented by other consensus statements. RESULTS: We completed 816 outpatient studies from June 1 to December 1, 2020, reaching 97% of the total volume and 97% of total billing compared with the same time period in 2019. The average relative value units per study were similar. There were no major shifts in diagnosis distributions. We completed 10 of 12 requested inpatient studies during this period. There were no known COVID-19 transmissions between patients and staff. DISCUSSION: Our experience suggests that it is possible to safely operate an EDx laboratory under the guidance of the AANEM and other experts, with clinical volume and billing rates comparable to pre-pandemic baselines.
The effects of motivational interviewing on children's body mass index and fat distributions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Currently, the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on children's anthropometric changes remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of MI on children's anthropometric changes (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and body fat percentage [BF%]). We also assessed potential moderators of MI on children's BMI changes. This systematic review searched five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Sciences) from 2005 to 2020 to evaluate the effects of MI interventions that had a comparison group on children's anthropometric change as outcomes (BMI, WC, or BF%). Thirty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. We performed random-effects models and exploratory moderation analyses with mixed-effects models. The pooled effect size of MI was -0.18 (p = 0.002) on BMI, -0.65 (p < 0.001) on WC, and -0.44 (p = 0.005) on children's BF%. The relationship between MI and BMI changes was significantly moderated by the types of intervener (Q = 9.71, p = 0.021) and the existence of supplemental intervention activities (Q = 9.21, p = 0.002). Other potential moderators included children's age, weight status, intervention setting, and targeted behaviors (eating and/or physical activity). Our findings support the effectiveness of MI interventions on improving children's anthropometric outcomes (i.e., BMI, WC, and BF%).
A cross sectional study to compare cardiac structure and diastolic function in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

To compare left ventricular structure (LV) and diastolic function in young adults with youth- onset diabetes by type, determine the prevalence of abnormal diastolic function by diabetes type using published values from age similar healthy controls, and examine the risk factors associated with diastolic function. In a cross sectional analysis we compared LV structure and diastolic function from two dimensional echocardiogram in participants with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) who participated in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Linear models were used to examine the risk factors associated with worse diastolic function. Of 479 participants studied, 258 had T1D (mean age 21.2 ± 5.2 years, 60.5% non-Hispanic white, 53.9% female) and 221 had T2D (mean age 24.8 ± 4.3 years, 24.4% non-Hispanic white, 73.8% female). Median diabetes duration was 11.6 years. Participants with T2D had greater LV mass index and worse diastolic function that persisted after adjustment for differences in risk factors compared with participants with T1D (all p < 0.05). Abnormal diastolic function, quantified using healthy controls, was pronounced in both groups but greater in those with T2D than T1D (T2D: 57.7% vs T1D: 47.2%, respectively), p < 0.05. Risk factors associated with worse diastolic function included older age at diabetes diagnosis, female sex, higher BP, heart rate and HbA1c and longer diabetes duration. LV structure and diastolic function is worse in individuals with T2D compared to T1D. However, abnormal diastolic function in seen in both groups compared to published values from age similar healthy controls.
Friction of Metals: A Review of Microstructural Evolution and Nanoscale Phenomena in Shearing Contacts

The friction behavior of metals is directly linked to the mechanisms that accommodate deformation. We examine the links between mechanisms of strengthening, deformation, and the wide range of friction behaviors that are exhibited by shearing metal interfaces. Specifically, the focus is on understanding the shear strength of nanocrystalline and nanostructured metals, and conditions that lead to low friction coefficients. Grain boundary sliding and the breakdown of Hall–Petch strengthening at the shearing interface are found to generally and predictably explain the low friction of these materials. While the following is meant to serve as a general discussion of the strength of metals in the context of tribological applications, one important conclusion is that tribological research methods also provide opportunities for probing the fundamental properties and deformation mechanisms of metals.
Bullet Ricochet in Automobile Ceilings

Test shots were fired into real and simulated automobile ceilings in an attempt to determine what types of evidence should be available for determining the direction of flight of the bullet. The information obtained was used in a shooting investigation.
Registration-based sound speed estimation in phantoms with acoustically vaporized droplets

A mismatch between the sound speed assumed for beam forming and scan conversion and the true sound speed in the field of view can lead to significant defocusing and some geometric distortions in ultrasound images. A method is presented for estimating the average sound speed based on detection of these distortions using automatic registration of overlapping, electronically steered images. An acrylamide gel phantom containing vaporized dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) droplets as point targets was constructed to evaluate the technique. Good agreement (errors <1 %) was found between the sound speeds measured in the phantom using a reference pulse-echo technique and the image-based sound speed estimates. A small improvement in accuracy was achieved by including the simulated sound field of the probe rather than assuming straight acoustic beams and refraction according to Snell's law.
Inactivation of human and simian rotaviruses by ozone.

The inactivation of simian rotavirus SA-11 and human rotavirus type 2 (Wa) by chlorine was compared at 4 degrees C by using single-particle virus stocks. Both virus types were usually more readily inactivated at pH 6.0 than at pH 8.0 when low chlorine concentrations (0.05 to 0.2 mg/liter) were used. A complete (5 log) reduction of both was obtained within 20 s at all pH levels when chlorine concentrations were increased to 0.3 mg/liter. Slight differences in the chlorine sensitivities of SA-11 and human rotavirus type 2 were noted but were not considered to be significant.
Isoprotrenol Activates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases in Cardiomyocytes Through Calcineurin

To the Editor: Zou et al1 reported recently that isoproterenol activates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) in cardiomyocytes through calcineurin. The results mediated by β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) were convincing in neonatal cardiomyocytes but might not be applicable to adult cardiomyocytes, which undergo pathological hypertrophy. Communal et al2 demonstrated that ERK is not activated by isoproterenol using adult rat ventricular myocytes kept in culture for 16 hours. Recently, we made a similar observation using adult cardiomyocytes cultured for 48 hours.3 It …
Power handling of temperature-stable thin-film RF MEMS capacitive switches

This work presents the power handling analysis and measurements of a temperature-stable thin film RF MEMS capacitive switch. The switch demonstrates a very low sensitivity to temperature with a pull-down voltage variation of <50 mV/°C. Power handling simulations and measurements are also presented up to 1.3 W.
Search-based path planning with homotopy class constraints in 3D

Homotopy classes of trajectories, arising due to the presence of obstacles, are defined as sets of trajectories that can be transformed into each other by gradual bending and stretching without colliding with obstacles. The problem of exploring/finding the different homotopy classes in an environment and the problem of finding least-cost paths restricted to a specific homotopy class (or not belonging to certain homotopy classes) arises frequently in such applications as predicting paths for unpredictable entities and deployment of multiple agents for efficient exploration of an environment. In (Bhattacharya, Kumar, and Likhachev 2010) we have shown how homotopy classes of trajectories on a two-dimensional plane with obstacles can be classified and identified using the Cauchy Integral Theorem and the Residue Theorem from Complex Analysis. In more recent work (Bhattacharya, Likhachev, and Kumar 2011) we extended this representation to three-dimensional spaces by exploiting certain laws from the Theory of Electromagnetism (Biot-Savart law and Ampere's Law) for representing and identifying homotopy classes in three dimensions in an efficient way. Using such a representation, we showed that homotopy class constraints can be seamlessly weaved into graph search techniques for determining optimal path constrained to certain homotopy classes or forbidden from others, as well as for exploring different homotopy classes in an environment.
The effects of wage indexation on macroeconomic fluctuations: A generalization

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of wage indexation on fluctuations in employment, output, investment and the price level within a more general framework than that used in recent literature. The generalization involves: (a) a more general labor contract which allows labor supply as well as labor demand to affect actual employment in disequilibrium, and (b) a regular IS-LM framework which includes the previously used monetarist framework as a particular case. It is found that the effects of wage indexation on fluctuations in various economic variables depend in many cases on whether demand or supply dominates the labor market in disequilibrium. The exact dependence is characterized and used to reappraise recent results and develop new results.