cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3743: Bioluminescent, non-lytic, real-time cell viability assay

Cell-based assay development for cancer drug discovery continues to advance toward more innovative methods that provide efficient workflow and meaningful data. Rapid, sensitive techniques that are non-lytic and therefore facilitate multiplexing with a wide range of assays allow more data to be gained per well and conserve precious samples. Real time measurement of cell viability also allows numerous measurements over time without the need for separate plates at each time point. Real time measurements allow unique analyses including interrogation of the timing of drug killing, identification of static vs toxic drug effects, and determination of the ideal time to multiplex an additional assay. Cancer drug discovery would benefit from novel assay technologies that allow real time measurements with multiplexing capability. We have developed a homogeneous, non-lytic, and bioluminescent method to analyze cell viability in real time through measurement of the reducing potential of the cell. The signal correlates with the number of viable cells making it well-suited for cytotoxicity studies. This Real Time Cell Viability Assay utilizes the NanoLuc luciferase enzyme, which is 100-fold brighter than either firefly (Photinus pyralis) or Renilla reniformis luciferase, and the novel substrate, furimazine. Together these reagents produce high intensity luminescence through an ATP-independent reaction. The assay can be performed in two formats, live cell endpoint or continuous read. The live cell endpoint method is sensitive, rapid, and enables extensive multiplexing opportunities due to the non-lytic measurement and signal depletion upon cell lysis. When the assay is set up in the continuous read format, the cell viability reagents can be added at the same time as cell plating, drug dosing, or at whatever point in the assay the researcher would like to start obtaining viability readings. The luminescent signal can be continually monitored from the same wells over an extended period of time to analyze cell viability in real time. This real time cell viability assay enables non-lytic cell viability measurements, extensive multiplexing options including both fluorescent and luminescent assays with no special filter requirements, straightforward normalization studies, conservation of precious samples and reagents, and a sensitive, real time measurement of cell viability. Citation Format: Sarah J. Duellman, Jolanta Vidugiriene, Wenhui Zhou, Jean Osterman, Ruslan Arbit, Laurent Bernad, Poncho Meisenheimer, James J. Cali. Bioluminescent, non-lytic, real-time cell viability assay. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3743. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3743
Kolmogorov Complexity, Restrited Nondeterminism and Generalized Spectra

This paper uses the technique of generalized spectra and expressibility of complexity classes in logic, developed by Fagin and Immerman, to give alternate characterizations of specific subclasses of NP. These characterizations serve to unify concepts that appear in seemingly different areas of complexity theory; namely, the restricted nondeterminism of Kintala and Fischer and the time bounded Kolmogorov complexity of Daley and Ko. As consequences of these characterizations we show that relatively easy subsets of NP−P can not be pseudorandomly generated, unless UTIME[t(n)]=DTIME[t(n)] for certain exponential functions t. Secondly, we show that no easy subset of the set of all satisfying assignments of satisfiable g(n)-easy formulas contains an assignment for each of these formulas, unless NEXPTIME = EXPTIME. The latter partially answers a question raised by Hartmanis.
The sun as a star

Solar physics was reviewed in the context of the solar atmoshere. The understanding of the solar atmosphere is linked to stellar atmospheric research. Topics covered include: the existence of the chromosphere, the corona, and the solar wind; the interactive complex of convection, differential rotation, magnetic field generation and concentration, and the activity cycle; phenomena such as granulation, supergranulation, the 5 minute oscillation, filigree, faculae, sunspots, spicules, prominences, surges, and the spectacular flares.
Scholarly Productivity and Impact of School Psychology Faculty in Apa-Accredited Programs

The primary objective of this study was to conduct a normative assessment of the research productivity and scholarly impact of tenured and tenure-track faculty in school psychology programs accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA). Using the PsycINFO database, productivity and impact were examined for the field as a whole and by faculty rank and gender between 2005 and 2009. Results of our study reflected considerable variability in scholarly impact and productivity. For example, on average, school psychology faculty published slightly more than one refereed journal article per year, with productivity rates ranging from zero to eight articles per year. Similar variability in results was observed for scholarly impact. Results of this study also revealed no significant differences in productivity and impact by scholarly rank. Significant differences were observed for gender, however, with higher productivity and impact for men than women. A secondary objective of this study was to rank the most productive and impactful faculty by total authorship credit, number of publications, and number of citations, and to examine the relationships among these different rankings. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Evidence-based practice requires evidence

Patient Safety Leading Article Series, 2004. Continuing the Journal's ‘Patient Safety’ series, David Rothenberger explains why we must transform our culture to become a genuinely evidence-seeking profession. Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impulse loading resulting from shallow buried explosives in water-saturated sand:

A transient non-linear dynamics analysis of the detonation of a landmine buried to different depths in water-saturated sand is carried out in order to determine the resulting impulse loading. The results obtained are compared with their experimental counterparts obtained using the vertical impulse measurement fixture (VIMF), a structural mechanical device that enables direct experimental determination of the blast-loading impulse. The mechanical response of the structural steel used in the construction of the VIMF and the hydrodynamic response of the TNT high-energy high-pressure detonation products generated during detonation of a mine and of the air surrounding the VIMF are represented using the standard materials models available in the literature. The mechanical response of the sand surrounding the mine, on the other hand, is represented using the present authors' recent modified compaction model [1], which incorporates the effects of degree of saturation and the rate of deformation, two important eff...
Long-term toxicity of bevacizumab therapy in neurofibromatosis 2 patients.

Bevacizumab treatment is associated with tumor shrinkage and hearing improvement in about 50 % of neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) patients with progressive vestibular schwannomas. Hypertension and proteinuria are common side effects of treatment. However, the long-term toxicity of bevacizumab in this population has not been reported. We reviewed the medical records of all NF2 patients treated with compassionate care bevacizumab at our institution. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Proteinuria was measured by urine dipstick. Time-to-event analyses were conducted for hypertension and proteinuria. The relationship of cumulative dose of bevacizumab to mean arterial pressure (MAP) was examined using mixed model analysis, while the relationship to urine protein was examined using generalized estimating equations. Thirty-three patients (median age 28 years) were included in the study, with a median treatment time of 34.1 months. 15/26 (58 %) patients became hypertensive and 18/29 (62 %) developed proteinuria during treatment. Median time to develop hypertension was 12.8 months. Median time to develop 1+ and 2+ proteinuria was 23.7 and 31.9 months, respectively. Eight patients required treatment holidays for proteinuria (median length 3.2 months). A significant positive relationship existed between cumulative bevacizumab dose and MAP (p 0.30). In our cohort of NF2 patients, extended use of bevacizumab was associated with manageable toxicity. However, bevacizumab treatment still requires careful monitoring of blood pressure and proteinuria, and future studies should investigate optimal dosing schedules to minimize long-term toxicity.
Pseudoulcerations of the colon on barium enema examination.

Marginal spiculations and punctate collections of barium may occasionally be identified on barium examination in patients with a normal colon. These may be due either to filling of the crypts of Lieberkuhn with barium or retention of barium in the innominate grooves of the colon. Perhaps both combine to produce the radiographic findings. This normal variant must be carefully distinguished from actual ulcers associated with inflammatory bowel disease in order to avoid making a major error in diagnosis.
WE-D-BRB-08: Validation of the Commissioning of an Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) System for Remote Dosimetry Audits

Purpose: Validate an Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL)dosimetry system based on the microStar® reader and a batch of nanoDotdosimeters from Landauer for use by the Radiological Physics Center (RPC). Materials and Methods: The factors involved in the calculation of dose from OSL, the calculation algorithm and the results of the commissioning were previously presented (AAPM 2009). The steps for determining dose from OSL were designed to resemble those used by the RPC for the TLD remote dosimetry audit program. As with TLD, the OSLdosimeters are irradiated in acrylic miniphantoms under standardized geometric conditions. The steps for a reading session, criteria for the number of dosimeters, readings per dosimeter, interspersing of “standard” and “control” dosimeters, and quality control steps have been determined. A method was developed and tested for the determination of the individual OSL correction factors used for the large number of OSLdosimeters (4,000) employed by the RPC. Validation of the process and assessment of the accuracy of the OSL system were performed through comparisons against TLD results. TLD and OSL were irradiated sequentially multiple times with photon and electron beams of varying energies at MD Anderson and at several other institutions and the results were compared. Results: Under reference conditions (60Co beam), the ratio of the OSLdose, read as described above, to ion chamberdose had a mean value of 0.997 ± 0.5% (1 SD). TLD versus OSL comparison based on irradiations at MD Anderson were within ±2%. The results from eleven institution agreed to within 1.1% for photon energies (60‐23MV) and electrons (5–23MeV). Conclusion: The OSL system has been commissioned and validated as an RPC remote audit tool for verification of beam output of photons and electron beams and electron energy. Work supported by PHS CA010953 (NCI, DHHS)
Redox reactivity of photogenerated osmium(II) complexes

Powerful reductants [Os^(II)(NH_3)_5(L]^(2+) (L = OH_ 2, CH_3, CN can be generated upon ultraviolet excitation of relatively inert [Os^(II)(NH_3)_5(N_2)]^(2+) in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. Reactions of photogenerated Os(II) complexes with methyl viologen to form methyl viologen radical cation and [Os^(III)(NH_3)_5L]^(3+) were monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy. Rate constants range from 4.9 × 10^4 M^(−1) s^(−1) in acetonitrile solution to 3.2 × 10^7 (pH 3) and 2.5 × 10^8 M^(−1) s^(−1) (pH 12) in aqueous media. Photogeneration of five-coordinate Os(II) complexes opens the way for mechanistic investigations of activation/reduction of CO_2 and other relatively inert molecules.
Role ambiguity and self-efficacy: The moderating effects of goal orientation and procedural justice.

Abstract The present study investigated variables that moderated the relationship between role ambiguity and self-efficacy. Results of a field study found support for the moderating role of learning goal orientation, such that the relationship between role ambiguity and self-efficacy was weaker when learning goal orientation was high. In addition, we found that procedural justice moderated the role ambiguity—self-efficacy relationship, such that the relationship was stronger when procedural justice was high. However, contrary to our prediction, avoiding goal orientation did not interact with role ambiguity to predict self-efficacy. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larval development and survival to pupation on diet plus extractables from green ash foliage

Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., rate of larval development, molting, pupal weight and survival were studied on an artificial diet containing different concentrations of green ash ethyl acetate extractables (EtOAc Exts). Insects were reared on experimental diets from egg to pupa. Addition of EtOAc Exts to artificial diet significantly prolonged larval development and reduced their survival compared to larvae reared on control diet. Weights of pupae were significantly reduced when larvae were reared on diet containing the lowest dosage of EtOAc Exts (i.e., 0.01%) versus on control diet. EtOAc Exts in diet (e.g., 0.01, 0.06 and 0.2%) frequently caused incomplete ecdysis which invariably resulted in larval death. Impaired feeding, locomotion and excretion are likely causes of death. The combination of these results with our earlier findings of repellents and feeding deterrents against gypsy moth larvae (GML) in green ash foliage shows that the non-host status of green ash to the highly polyphagous GML involves three orders of chemical defense: repellents, feeding deterrents and inhibitors of nutritional and developmental physiology. As the insect becomes sequentially exposed to these orders of defense, it incurs higher costs because the adverse effects become less reversible.
The special educator in the information age 1 2

Before discussing microcomputer applications in special education, we must first place the computer itself in perspective. Contrary to a lot of statements in the press and notwithstanding Time magazine's award (Time magazine, 1983) to the computer as the "machine of the year," the major phenomenon we are witnessing is not a computer revolution. The major phenomenon is the birth of the information age. We represent the last generation of the industrial age. The pupils presently coming to school are the first generation of the information age. When our present eighth graders take their place in society, 75% of them will be involved in information related industries. We are participating in a massive change in the very structure of society. For those of us whose life span will include the transition between these two ages-the industrial and the information age-this is indeed a time of wonder, challenge, and confusion. Like the adolescent caught between childhood and adulthood, we are experiencing that strange mixture of excitement and confusion as some of our traditional reference points dissolve and we try to determine which of the new directions has substance and which are shallow, seductive facades.
An air pollution transport teaching module based on GAUSSIAN MODELS 1.1

Abstract Educational use of environmental software offers both opportunity and challenges to software developers. Modelers should be supplying leadership in the debate about the roles that environmental models should play in both education and practice. Jennings (1997) recently discussed desirable attributes for educational-use software, and provided illustrations based on the bioremediation code BIO1D. In this companion manuscript, the concept of using the MATHCAD ‘electronic book’ format will be presented and illustrated using the air pollution transport package GAUSSIAN MODELS 1.1. ‘Electronic book’ technology is an interesting innovation that is beginning to find its way into educational applications. It is, however, important for the application to capitalize on the unique strengths of this implementation strategy. These strengths are very different from the strengths of traditional books. An example simulation based on particulate lead deposition is presented to illustrate the educational potential of this approach.
CDF Front End Electronics: The Rabbit System

Abstract A new crate-based front end system has been built featuring low cost, compact packaging, fast readout, command capability, 16 bit digitization, and a high degree of redundancy. The crate can contain a variety of instrumentation modules and is designed to be placed near the detector. Remote, special purpose processors direct the data readout. Channel-by-channel pedestal subtraction and threshold comparison in the crate allow the skipping of empty channels. The system is suitable for the readout of a very large number of channels.
Otto Wagner's modern architecture

Wagner is thought to be one of the first Modern Architects, yet a number of writers have argued that his most famous Modern building, the “Postsparkasse,” violates the most basic principles of Modern Architecture; principles that Wagner himself helped develop. This essay develops a new interpretation of this building by placing it in the context of fin de siecle Viennese culture. This interpretation shows that the “Postsparkasse” is a Modern building, but it also shows that the common understanding of “Modern Architecture” needs to be revised. It also suggests a new role for architecture in the contemporary world.
Design and Characterization of a Rotary Actuated Hot Gas Servovalve

This paper describes the design and characterization of a unique three-way hot gas servovalve designed for the flow control of steam at 235°C. The valve incorporates a pressure-balanced rotary spool coupled to a servomotor/gearbox/encoder combination to achieve high-bandwidth and high-precision operation, and also incorporates several design elements in order to accommodate the high temperatures associated with the working fluid. The spool and sleeve entail geometries of low aspect ratio and are mechanically isolated from the manifold with Viton O-rings to ensure uniform thermal expansion and contraction. To thermally isolate the DC motor, a PEEK motor mount is used to connect the motor housing with the valve manifold. Additionally, the motor shaft is coupled to the spool with an Oldham coupling that incorporates a PEEK center disk to further insulate the motor from the high temperature spool. The desing is presented, along with experimental data that characterizes the dynamic performance and flow characteristics of the valve.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Retinal Atrophy and Cataract in Rats Following Administration of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea

SummaryRetinal atrophy and cataracts were present in eyes of rats 6 months after injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea at a dose of 70 mg/kg of body weight. Retinal and lenticular changes were less severe in females than in males. There was a decrease in weight, water, and potassium content and an increase in sodium and calcium in the eyes. Our findings are similar to those reported in galactose-induced cataracts in rats and in sclerosed human lens.
Molecular regulation of embryonic hematopoiesis and vascular development: a novel pathway.

In all vertebrate animals, the first blood and vascular endothelial cells are formed during gastrulation, a process in which the mesoderm of the embryo is induced and then patterned by molecules wh...
Effects of syllable duration on stop-glide identification in syllable-initial and syllable-final position by humans and monkeys

Humans and monkeys were compared in their identification of phoneme boundaries along synthetic stop-glide continua in syllable-initial /ba/-/wa/ or syllable-final /bab/-/baw/ contrasts differing in overall syllable duration. For both contrasts, humans were first tested with a conventional written identification procedure. Here, similar phoneme boundaries emerged and shifted with increases in syllable duration toward longer transitions, as has previously been reported in the literature for syllable-initial data (Miller & Liberman, 1979). Humans and monkeys were then tested on these contrasts, using a go/no-go identification procedure specifically designed for monkeys. Here also, stop-glide boundaries emerged and shifted with increased syllable duration for both species, although monkey “boundaries” were at longer durations than humans’ in syllable-final position. The results indicate that there are both gross similarities and subtle differences between humans and monkeys with regard to the stop-glide context effect. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that general mammalian auditory mechanisms are responsible for this effect.
The 11q13-q14 amplicon: clinicopathological correlations and potential drivers.

Amplification at 11q13-q14 is a common event in cancers from multiple anatomical sites. This complex amplicon has multiple cores and several genes have been put forward as potential drivers. In this review, based on the technical advancements of the last decade, which resulted in methods allowing for a deeper genomic and functional genomic characterization of amplicons and their drivers, we discuss the current definitions of amplicons and driver genes, the clinical and biological significance of the 11q13-q14 amplicon in distinct types of human cancer, its coamplification partners, and the roles of various genes located within the amplicon as potential drivers. Finally, we appraise the available data for novel therapies targeting genes mapping to this amplicon. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Four Problems of Abduction: A Brief History

Debates concerning the character, scope, and warrant of abductive inference have been active since Peirce first proposed that there was a third form of inference, distinct from induction and deduction. Abductive reasoning has been dubbed weak, incoherent, and even nonexistent. Part, at least, of the problem of articulating a clear sense of abductive inference is due to difficulty in interpreting Peirce. Part of the fault must lie with his critics, however. While this article will argue that Peirce indeed left a number of puzzles for interpreters, it will also contend that interpreters should be careful to distinguish discussion of the formal and strictly epistemic question of whether and how abduction is a sound form of inference from discussions of the practical goals of abduction, as Peirce understood them. This article will trace a history of critics and defenders of Peirce’s notion of abduction and discuss how Peirce both fueled the confusion and in fact anticipated and responded to several recurring ...
The radial fibers in the globus pallidus

In our Golgi collection of adult monkey brains the striatal efferents, i.e., the radial fibers in the globus pallidus and the “comb” bundle fibers in the internal capsule and in the cerebral peduncle, are well impregnated in the horizontally sectioned brain and in a sagittal sectioned brain. Since collaterals emerging from radial fibers are seen only in the horizontal series and not in the sagittal series, the interpretation is that they proceed anteriorly and posteriorly only, following the curvature of the pallidal segments, and do not run superiorly or inferiorly as they emerge. Although radial fibers emitting collaterals in the lateral segment and in the medial segment of the globus pallidus have been observed, it has not been possible to observe the same radial fiber emitting collaterals in both pallidal segments and the prospects of ever doing so are not good. The radial fibers converging in the globus pallidus pursue many radii and there is little coincidence between the plane of section and the planes in which they travel. At most only severed radial fiber segments 100–150 microns in length can be found in the horizontal sections needed to observe the collaterals. Moreover, sagittal sections show that radial fibers are deflected in their course, either dorsoventrally or ventrodorsally, as they pass through the internal medullary lamina to enter the medial segment of the globus pallidus. The radial fibers in the medial segment of the globus pallidus are continuous with the “comb” bundle fibers and appear to be thinner than the radial fibers in the lateral segment of the globus pallidus. It is not proved; nonetheless, the view expressed here is that the radial fibers are thinner in the medial segment of the globus pallidus because they may be the same fibers that gave off collaterals in the lateral segment of the globus pallidus. This is discussed in the light of the electrophysiological disclosure of Yoshida et al. ('71, '72) that caudatopallidal fibers are collaterals off caudatonigral fibers. The afferent plexuses of fine, “bouton en passage” fibers, which completely ensheath the long radiating dendrites in the globus pallidus (Fox et al., '66) are well impregnated in the horizontal series. Obviously, they are formed by a number of ultimate branches converging from the collateral branches of a number of different radial fibers. The divergence, too, in this system must be considerable; however, its true extent can only be surmised from the severed radial fibers and radial fiber collaterals seen in the incompletely impregnated Golgi section. One severed segment of a radial fiber displays three collaterals and one of these collaterals has five branches, one of which can be traced to a point where it gives off an ultimate branch in an afferent, dendrite-ensheathing plexus.
Modulation of free radicals and superoxide dismutases by age and dietary restriction.

Reducing dietary intake has been shown to be the most effective means for modulating aging processes in laboratory rodents. Dietary restriction has also been shown to be a modulator of membrane lipid peroxidation and cytosolic antioxidant status. In the present study, anti-radical action of dietary restriction was investigated further by quantitating the formation of the superoxide radical, hy- droxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide by liver microsomes from rats of various ages. The results show that the ad libitum fed group maintained a higher production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals when compared to the food restricted group of the same age. Hydrogen peroxide formation followed the same trend but was statistically greater only at 3 and 6 months of age. The food restricted group tended to show a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions than ad libitum fed controls. These data indicate that the free radical activity observed in the liver microsomes of ad libitum fed rats can be attenuated by dietary restriction, thereby providing a possible biochemical mechanism for its anti- lipoxidative action on membrane lipid peroxidation as reported in an earlier study. This action may in part underlie the life span- prolonging action of food restriction. (Aging 2:357–362,1990)
Intracellular recording from identified photoreceptors and horizontal cells of theXenopus retina

Abstract Intracellular recordings were made from rods, cones and horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina. The cells under study were identified by injection of the fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow. Rod spectral sensitivity peaked near 524 nm, that of cones near 612 nm whereas horizontal cells reflected input from both these classes of photoreceptors. No intracellular recordings were made from blue-sensitive rods ( λ max = 445nm) nor did this rod appear to provide an input to the horizontal cell. Under dark-adapted conditions, horizontal cells had a slow waveform, a V max ≤ 18mV and were driven by 524 nm rods only. When light-adapted, horizontal cell responses were fast, V max was 30–40 mV and the responses reflected only 612 nm cone input. In the mesopic state rod and cone inputs to the horizontal cell interacted non-linearly: weak green backgrounds greatly enhanced the response to a superimposed red flash compared to the red flash response on a dark field. The length constant of the horizontal cell exceeded its dendritic arbor by 2–15 fold. All of the stained horizontal cells, however, possessed a long slender axon without a terminal but which emitted periodic short branches that appeared to contact receptors.
Abstract 4944: Crosstalk between NFκB and STAT3 in human multiple myeloma cells (U266)

Purpose: To evaluate a potential interaction between NFκB and STAT3 pathways and its consequences on treatment outcome (cell survival) in a human myeloma cell line (U266). Methods: A computational network model of signal transduction in U266 cells was used to simulate the interplay between NFκB and STAT3, suggesting that inhibition of just one of the pathways does not result in inhibition of NFκB and downstream processes, as NFκB expression is partially regulated by STAT3. To test this hypothesis, U266 cells were exposed continuously to either an IKK inhibitor (IKKi; 10 μM), a JAK inhibitor (JAKi; 10 μM), or bortezomib (Bort) (a proteasome inhibitor; 20 nM). The time-course of intracellular proteins were measured over 48 h (immunobloting), including: phospho-p65 (p-p65), p-stat3, p-IκBα, and BclXL. Cell proliferation was measured using WST-1 reagent assay kit at 72 h. PARP cleavage was measured as an indicator of apoptosis over a 24 h period. U266 cells were also exposed transiently (1 and 2 h) to Bort treatment, and the time-course of p-p65, BclXL, and PARP was measured. Results: Expression of p-p65 was unchanged following continuous exposure to IKKi and JAKi. However, p-p65 expression initially increased (1.7-fold) followed by a decrease below baseline following Bort exposure. BclXL expression remained unchanged after IKKi exposure, and it decreased (80 %) either rapidly or gradually after JAKi or Bort exposure. p-stat3 expression rapidly decreased after Bort (80 %) and was transiently increased after IKKi treatment (2 fold). For short-term Bort exposure, p-p65 expression transiently increased (2.5 fold) and then returned to baseline. BclXL expression decreased (50 %) and achieved a new steady-state baseline. Bort exposure for 2 h resulted in significant PARP cleavage (10 fold increase) in agreement with model simulations. Conclusions: Both NFκB and STAT3 pathways need to be inhibited to fully inhibit NFκB activity. Similarly, when NFκB and STAT3 are constitutively active, both transcription factors need to be inhibited to inhibit cell proliferation. Further research is needed to better understand mechanisms of p-stat3 inhibition and p-p65 transient stimulation and long-term inhibition following Bort exposure to U266 myeloma cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4944. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4944
A comparative study of certain pharmacologic responses following acute and chronic administrations of chlordiazepoxide.

Abstract Certain pharmacological responses in mice and rats were contrasted following acute and chronic administrations of chlordiazepoxide. In both species, studies were conducted after oral or intraperitoneal administration of drug. The tests used were (a) hexobarbital sleeping time, (b) hotplate analgesia, (c) maximal electroshock seizure, (d) spontaneous motor activity, (e) forced locomotor activity (rotarod) and (f) pit avoidance learning. Differences in drug response between acute and chronic treatment groups were compared using several dosage regimens. Differences attributable to handling were minimized by using identical dosage schedules and by treating those animals which received drug acutely with solvent given repeatedly during the experimental period. Several instances of tolerance to the depressant actions of chlordiazepoxide were observed after fourteen days of treatment in this study. Such reduced effectiveness was evident in all the tests used. Evidence was obtained in animals tested for anticonvulsant properties at one and at 20 hours following drug administration which suggested that an increase in the rate of metabolism participated in the mechanisms of such tolerance.
Local domains of supercoiling activate a eukaryotic promoter in vivo

Experiments correlating template topology with transcriptional activity suggest that DNA topology plays a role in eukaryotic gene expression. Linear templates transfected into cultured cells produce far fewer transcripts than do circular transcription templates, and no transcripts can be detected from linear templates injected into Xenopus oocytes. Further, when transcriptionally active circular templates in Xenopus oocytes are linearized by injection of a restriction enzyme, transcription dramatically decreases. Here we show that transcription by phage T7 RNA polymerase from a divergent promoter can partially replace the requirement for circular Xenopus ribosomal RNA transcription templates in Xenopus oocytes. Supercoiled domains can apparently be generated on short pieces of DNA having no known sequences that result in association with the nuclear architecture, suggesting that localized, transient domains of supercoiling fulfil the minimum topological needs for Xenopus rRNA transcription in vivo.
Introgressive Hybridization between Bighead Carp and Silver Carp in the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers

Abstract Asian carps are classified as either bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis or silver carp H. molitrix by multiple presumptively diagnostic morphological characteristics; however, hybrids pose a dilemma. Fish sharing the morphological characteristics of both species were observed in an Illinois River backwater (Calhoun County, Illinois) approximately 5 mi (8 km) upriver from the confluence with the Mississippi River as well as in two locations in Pool 26 of the Mississippi River (Madison County, Illinois). Biopsied tissues from individuals exhibiting mixed morphological features were analyzed at four diagnostic allozyme loci (ADH-1*, sMDH-A*, CK-A*, and sSOD-1*) via starch gel electrophoresis. This comparison revealed a high percentage of hybridization (22.5%) from an indiscriminate sample of 120 fish. Moreover, an unexpected percentage (12.5%) of individuals identified in the wild as either parental bighead carp or silver carp by gill raker morphology were genetically identified as hybrids. Fin...
A behavioral exploration of dependent and independent mildly mentally retarded adolescents and their mothers.

Abstract A study was conducted on behavioral differences between dependent and independent mildly mentally retarded adolescents and their mothers. Twelve dependent and 12 independent adolescent-mother pairs separately engaged in a videotaped problem solving task. These videotapes were subjected to a behavioral coding system consisting of five domains, i.e., problem solving, positive verbal, negative verbal, positive nonverbal, and negative non-verbal. Differential profiles were not evident between the two groups for either adolescents or their mothers. However, there were notable differences between a more stringently defined subset of dependent and independent adolescents and between their mothers. The subset of independent adolescent were more verbal and active in problem-solving than the dependent adolescents; the dependent subset exhibited a greater rate of negative non-verbal behavior; and mothers of the independent subset presented more positive non-verbal behaviors than did the mothers of the dependent subset.
African American Adolescents Living and Coping With Community Violence on Chicago’s Southside:

This study explores community violence exposures among African American adolescents and whether coping strategies were gendered. In-depth interviews are conducted with a sample of 32 African American high school students. Data are analyzed using a thematic analysis. The primary forms of violence exposures are physical attacks, fighting, and incidents involving police, gun violence, and murders. Boys report more exposure to violence as victims and witnesses, whereas girls are more likely to hear about violent acts. Coping styles range from "getting through," which included both an acceptance of community conditions; "getting along," which included self-defense techniques; "getting away," which included avoidance coping strategies; and "getting back," which consisted of confrontational coping strategies. Boys report more confrontational coping styles than are girls, who utilized more avoidance approaches. Widespread school-based interventions are warranted, given the high prevalence of community violence exposure among these youth and may provide important supports for coping against such trauma.
Measuring Blood Pressure Knowledge and Self-Care Behaviors of African Americans

The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct preliminary psychometric assessment of instruments measuring knowledge and self-care practices regarding behaviors needed for blood pressure (BP) control among African Americans. Items were empirically derived and scored on a 7-point, bipolar scale. The instruments were evaluated in a sample of 306 community-dwelling African Americans. Results revealed acceptable reliability and validity of the BP Knowledge Scale. Results for the BP Self-Care Scale were mixed. A structural equation model of these scales, recorded BP, and covariates fit well. There was an unexpected positive correlation between self-care and BP suggesting a potential bi-directional relationship. The scales demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and, with minor revisions, may have clinical utility as measures of BP knowledge and self-care.
Semantic services framework for C4ISR applications

Today's C4ISR applications require capabilities to define, represent, associate, discover, share and reason over the explicit semantics of distributed information and network services. This in turn facilitates their comprehension, discovery, use, composition and interoperability. The rapid evolution of the semantic Web is producing standards, technology and products to meet these needs; however, these are as yet fluid and relatively immature. At SAIC we are developing a semantic services framework (SSF) to provide a repertoire of Web-services that provide a stable interface to reusable semantic services. These services address ontology management, semantic context management, ontology-based reasoning, semantic Web-service management, and the management of integrated information content in a form that is conducive to access, exploration and reasoning
The shift dynamics–indecomposable continua connection

Abstract For F a homeomorphism on a compact, locally connected, separable metric space having an invariant isolated set A such that F | A factors over the shift σ on M -symbols, we prove, with the addition of mild conditions, that A is contained in an invariant continuum K which (i) is the closure of the entrainment set of A , and (ii) is such that F | L factors over a homeomorphism on an indecomposable continuum K . Continua admitting homeomorphisms which factor over homeomorphisms on indecomposable continua are “indecomposable-like” in many respects. In particular, such continua do not admit continuos maps onto locally connected continua. Roughly speaking, indecomposability is the vehicle a dynamical system on a locally connected space uses to make the transition from an invariant subset having shift dynamics (thus the subset is quite disconnected) to the “rest” of the space.
Existence Results for Differential Delay Equations, I

Abstract Existence principles for systems of differential-difference equations of delay type are established. Also applications are given to first order delay equations. Throughout our topological arguments are based on a nonlinear alternative.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SPORE-FORMING DIATOM LEPTOCYLINDRUS DANICUS IN NARRAGANSETT BAY. RHODE ISLAND1

A field study to assess resting spore importance in long-and short-term population dynamics of Leptocylindrus danicus (Ehr.) Gran was carried out, based on the observation that germinating spores produce only vegelative cells of maximum diameter. From May through November 1978. L. danicus was present in lower Narragansett Bay, but resting spores were not found. May and June bioassays suggest that Bay water could not support sexuality (hence spore formation) in L. danicus during this period. Mean valve diameter decreased abruptly in early June. as did cell number. When mean valve diameter increased abruptly in August, with no resting spores seen, 70 additional clonal isolates showed that one clone had the “normal” sexual and spore-forming life cycle while 69 clones had an “alternate” life cycle lacking sperm and spore formation. Valvar fine structure of the two types differed with respect to the presence or absence of a subcentral valvar pore, and a new subspecific taxon is here distinguished: variety apora. Examination of the early June data indicates the replacement of one population by another. Populations of L. danicus may be sporadically introduced into Narragansett Bay from Gulf Stream rings.
Feasibility study into use of elemental impurities of sulfamide for use in characterizing different vendors by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry.

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometery (ICP–MS) was used to quantitate elemental impurities in sulfamide from seven common vendors, Acros, Aldrich, Alfa-Aesar, Fluka (Lot #1 and Lot #2), Maybridge, Pfaltz and Bauer, and Spectrum (Lot #1 and Lot #2) with the goal of using these impurities to differentiate the sulfamide samples and link the sulfamide back to its vendor. This attribution of the sulfamide back to its vendor is forensically relevant since sulfamide is a precursor to the deadly neurotoxin, tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS). Solution ICP mass spectra identified statistically different concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn among some of the vendors and even in the same lots of the same vendor. These elemental concentrations were entered into discriminant functions which resulted in successful discrimination among the vendors. The two lots of Spectrum were also differentiated while one lot of Fluka was misclassified as the other Fluka lot. These preliminary results indicate the feasibility of using inorganic impurities to cluster vendors with the potential for association or disassociation of an unknown back to a vendor.
Effect of aging on fatigue crack growth at sn-pb/cu interfaces

The effect of isothermal aging on fatigue crack growth behavior at the Sn-Pb solder/Cu interface was examined, with emphasis on the role of interfacial microstructure. Flexural peel interface-crack specimens were made from the joints of eutectic Sn-Pb solder and Cu and were further aged at 443 K for 7 and 30 days. Kinetics of fatigue crack growth along the solder/Cu interfaces were measured from flexural peel specimens as a function of strain energy release rate. Aging was found to induce not only microstructural changes in the solder and at the interface, but also degradation in fatigue crack growth resistance of the interface from the fatigue threshold to the fast fracture. The fatigue threshold decreased from 25 to 20 J/m2 after aging for 7 days and to 10 J/m2 following aging for 30 days. The degradation in the fatigue crack growth resistance is related to the formation of a Pbrich layer at the interface.
Long-term survival and late complications after repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Purpose: Long-term survival and late vascular complications in patients who survived repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) is not well known. The current study compared late outcome after repair of RAAA with those observed in patients who survived elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Methods: The records of 116 patients, 102 men and 14 women (mean age: 72.5 (8.3 years), who survived repair of RAAA (group I) between 1980 to 1989 were reviewed. Late vascular complications and survival were compared with an equal number of survivors of elective AAA repair matched for sex, age, surgeon, and date of operation (group II). Survival was also compared with the age and sex-matched white population of west-north central United States. Results:Late vascular complications occurred in 17% (20/116) of patients in group I and in 8% (9/116) in group II. Paraanastomotic aneurysms occurred more frequently in group I than in group II (17 vs. 8, p = 0.004). At follow-up, 32 patients (28%) were alive in group I (median survival: 9.4 years) and 53 patients (46%) were alive in group II (median survival: 8.7 years). Cumulative survival rates after successful RAAA repair at 1, 5, and 10 years were 86%, 64%, and 33%, respectively. These were significantly lower than survival rates at the same intervals after elective repair (97%, 74%, and 43%, respectively, p = 0.02) or survival of the general population (95%, 75%, and 52%, respectively, p p = 0.0001), cerebrovascular disease p = 0.009), and number of days on mechanical ventilation p = 0.01) to be independent prognostic determinants of late survival in group I. Conclusions: Late vascular complications after repair of RAAA were higher and late survival rates lower than after elective repair. These data support elective repair of AAA. As two-thirds of the patients discharged after repair of RAAA are alive at 5 years, aggressive management of RAAA remains justified. (J Vasc Surg 1998;27:813-20.)
Diffusion and vibration of adatoms on a solid surface.

A microscopic theory for the diffusive and vibrational motion of absorbed atoms on a solid surface is presented. We evaluate and analyze the dynamical structure factor. The quasielastic scattering peak is found to consist of mixed contributions from both diffusion and vibration. The vibrational peak in the dynamic structure factor indicates both a shift and broadening from anharmonic effects and frictional damping. Applied to Na on Cu(001) surface, the theory agrees quantitatively with recent experimental measurements.
The Self-Sufficiency of the Antebellum South: Estimates of the Food Supply

In the past decade the question of the degree of mutual economic dependence among the three major regions of the antebellum United States—Northeast, South, and West—has received considerable discussion. Good indicators of the degree of dependence would be ratios of the interregional trade flows of particular commodities to the amounts of those commodities produced locally in each region. Trade data are available, however, only in limited series for major cities or commercial areas. Since comprehensive trade flows cannot be measured directly, various indirect approaches to the question have been employed.
Climate Change and Inner Peace

What is the relationship between climate change and peace? The most obvious is that climate change is an enemy of peace. Extreme heat, droughts, floods, and intensified storms exacerbate existing v...
Measures of activity in captive monkey groups

Two measures of group activity were assessed using 14 captive groups of pigtail monkeys (M. nemestrina). Absolute frequencies of movement of individuals (a direct measure of activity) was used as a criterion in the evaluation of a sampling technique (an indirect measure of activity). The indirect measure involved monitoring the frequency of movement of individuals past a fixed point in the environment. The indirect measure correlated highly with the criterion measure (r=.91). use of indirect measures of activity such as the one described here can increase the efficiency of data collection by allowing observers sufficient time to monitor a greater range of behaviors. However, sampling techniques should be carefully evaluated in an appropriate context before they are adopted for general use.