cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A NOTE ON THE USE OF INDEX CLAUSES ABROAD

IN VIEW OF the current discussion on variable annuities in this country and of the recent debate on constant-purchasing-power bonds both here and in the United Kingdom,' the article on French index bonds in the December, 1959, issue of this Journal' will undoubtedly stimulate interest in the foreign experience with such securities and with index clauses in general. As the author of the article points out, the variable-return bond "is a financial instrument significant beyond the confines of the French capital market"3 and "has been imitated outside France."4 It may be debatable whether other foreign countries have merely "imitated" the French model or decided to experiment on their own, but it is certainly true that clauses linking security redemption values (and occasionally interest payments) to a specific index have been employed abroad fairly extensively during much of the postwar period. In some countries, moreover, such clauses have been applied not only to bond issues but to other financial contracts as well. The present note gives a brief, comparative survey of the various financial sectors to which indexation has been applied abroad and of the techniques and index links that have been adopted.
Identifying Sources of Uncertainty from the Inter-Species Covariance of Measurement Errors

A standard metric of measurement precision in environmental monitoring is the variance of differences between duplicate (collocated) samples. With duplicate measurements of multiple species, we can extend this variance analysis to include the interspecies covariance of differences between duplicate samples; these covariances can provide clues about the sources of error. We illustrate the potential of such an analysis with atmospheric aerosol measurements from two national air quality monitoring networks: Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Speciation Trends Network (STN). These aerosol "speciation" networks provide the multivariate data sets needed to characterize error covariance by operating duplicate samplers at several of their monitoring locations and analyzing both the collected aerosol samples for multiple species. We observe covariance among the measurement differences for multiple species in both networks. The covariance among measurement differences for soil-derived elements suggests an error associated with the particle size discrimination step in sampling, which is not currently included in either network's uncertainty estimates. The multivariate statistical analyses of aerosol speciation data performed by standard source apportionment models assume that measurement errors in different species are independent of each other; the present analysis invalidates this assumption for several species measured by IMPROVE and STN.
Transient response of good conductors

The transient response of free charge in a good conductor is considered from a macroscopic viewpoint. The results reemphasize the importance of the frequency dependence of conductivity in predicting charge relaxation. Moreover, the charge density exhibits an additional dependence upon the means of excitation which is consistent with relativistic principles.
An integrated rational arithmetic unit

Based on the classical Euclidian Algorithm, we develop the foundations of an arithmetic unit performing Add, Subtract, Multiply and Divide on rational operands. The unit uses one unified algorithm for all operations, including rounding. A binary implementation, based on techniques known from the SRT division, is described. Finally, a hardware implementation using ripple-free, carry-save addition is analyzed, and adapted to a floating-slash representation of the rational operands.
Review of the etiologic heterogeneity of the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (Hemifacial Microsomia)*

Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital asymmetry of the lower face that may be associated with other cranial and extracranial anomalies. The variability of its severity, and wide range of anomalies that have been reported with it in some cases has resulted in these composite manifestations being given a number of names, including oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). Etiology is often stated to be a perturbation of embryonic blood flow in the developing region, although other factors may also play a role in some cases. Depending on what is considered to be minimum criteria for affected classification, what is often to be presumed to be a sporadic event in a family may be the more severe manifestation of a familial condition. Etiological factors are clearly heterogeneous, the investigation of which is confounded by not only the lack of a refined affected phenotype, but also the apparent influence of genetic factors in some instances that directly influence phenotype perhaps through alteration of mesodermal development, or indirectly through increased susceptibility to vascular disruption. Future studies likely to advance knowledge in this area will need to incorporate an analysis of who may be minimally affected in families, so that advances in genotyping will have greater power to distinguish genetic factors that may influence OVAS through interaction with environmental factors in particular families. The same genetic-environmental factors and or etiological mechanisms may then be investigated in apparently sporadic cases.
Improving detection of buried land mines through sensor fusion

A sensor-fused system is being developed for detection of buried land mines. The system uses a ground-penetrating radar, an infrared camera, and an electromagnetic induction sensor. In the current implementation each sensor is used independently, and fusion is performed during post-processing. We briefly describe the sensors and a data collection involving buried mine surrogates. Algorithms for preprocessing and feature extraction are reviewed. To deal with non- coincident sampling we have developed a new feature-level fusion algorithm, which does not require detection and subsequent association of putative targets. Results are presented for fusion of simulated data.
Microstructure of Frankfurters Extended with Wheat Germ Proteins

Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to study the microsctructure of frankfurters extended with wheat germ protein flour (WGPF) at 3.5, 5.0, and 7.0%. Samples with 3.5% WGPF showed a denser matrix than the control. They also had a uniform interfacial protein film (IPF) with a slight increase in average thickness. At WGPF >3.5%, no further effects on IPF were observed. At 7.0% WGPF, an increase in added water, and the resultant dilution of meat and fat components, resulted in fewer fat globules, some with incomplete IPFs. Proteins in the WGPF contributed to IPF formation up to a specific level. Nonprotein components also were important in batter stability by absorbing water.
A novel approach for detection of anomalies using measurement data of the Ironton-Russell bridge

Data models have been increasingly used in recent years for documenting normal behavior of structures and hence detect and classify anomalies. Large numbers of machine learning algorithms were proposed by various researchers to model operational and functional changes in structures; however, a limited number of studies were applied to actual measurement data due to limited access to the long term measurement data of structures and lack of access to the damaged states of structures. By monitoring the structure during construction and reviewing the effect of construction events on the measurement data, this study introduces a new approach to detect and eventually classify anomalies during construction and after construction. First, the implementation procedure of the sensory network that develops while the bridge is being built and its current status will be detailed. Second, the proposed anomaly detection algorithm will be applied on the collected data and finally, detected anomalies will be validated against the archived construction events.
Studies in familial periodic paralysis

Abstract This is a report on a study of a family with familial periodic paralysis in an attempt to clarify the underlying pathogenesis of the disorder. It was found in this particular family that no marked cationic ingress into muscle fibers could be demonstrated. Large dilatations containing granules of material staining with a positive periodic Schiff reaction were demonstrated with the paralysis. That such cisterns contained also water was confirmed. Intracellular recordings demonstrated no hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. During paralysis no propagated impulse could be recorded from intracellular electrodes by indirect or direct stimulation of the muscle fiber. This was indirectly confirmed by the presence of large quiescent areas in the electromyograph. Direct measurement of aldosterone excretion showed no increase of this hormone preceding or during the paralysis. Injection of aldosterone did not precipitate paralysis. No change in blood volume was noted during paralysis. Pitressin would not precipitate an attack. Thus aldosterone seems unlikely to be an etiological agent in this disorder. The action of thyroidal and thyrotropic hormones in the familial form of this disorder appears to be opposite to that described in the sporadic form. Electron microscopic studies suggest that fluid is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and that there is a characteristic change in the mitochrondria during the paralysis. Such changes are reversible. Limited studies in carbohydrate metabolism with these patients suggest an abnormality in which intermediaty metabolites in the formation of glycogen may be responsible for the intracellular shift of water into the fiber to maintain osmotic, electric, and Donnan's equilibriums. Enzymatic studies of muscle homogenates would be the next logical study. In these patients as in others reported, paralysis may be precipitated in the presence of normal serum potassium values.
Phase Converters for Rural Applications

Three-phase motors can be satisfactorily operated with phase converters on single-phase power at full load and with good phase balance if the converter is properly selected and applied. The correct phase converter installation is important, and allowance must be made for the changes in the motor-torque characteristics which occur. Data are shown for the torque characteristics of a motor operated on two typical phase converters compared with three-phase operation and the effect of capacitance on the torque characteristics.
Operational method for slope estimations

Abstract The operational method yields an abundance of new slope estimating formulae that apply to equidistant, curvilinear data. The performances of two of these new formulae are compared to the standard formula for center-point slope estimations on three data points. It is demonstrated that the standard formula is only a special case developed from the more general operational approach. New slope formulae at the terminal values of three curvilinear data are derived. Formulae applicable to more than three data points can also be obtained.
Mutations in the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene conferring hypersensitivity to aphidicolin

Abstract Fourteen mutants known or likely to contain mutations in the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene were examined for their sensitivity to aphidicolin in plaque reduction assays. Eleven of these exhibited some degree of hypersensitivity to the drug; altered aphidicolin-sensitivity correlated with altered sensitivity to the pyrophosphate analog, phosphonoacetic acid. The DNA polymerase specified by one of these mutants, PAAr5, required roughly seven-fold less aphidicolin to inhibit its activity by 50% than did polymerase specified by its parental strain. Mutations responsible for the aphidicolin-hypersensitivity phenotype of PAAr5 were mapped to an 0.8 kbp region in the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase locus. These data taken together indicate that 1) mutations in the herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase gene can confer altered sensitivity to aphidicolin, 2) that the HSV polymerase is sensitive to aphidicolin in vivo, and 3) that amino acid alterations which affect aphidicolin binding may affect the pyrophosphate exchange-release site as well, suggesting that aphidicolin binds in close proximity to this site.
Evaluation of reactive power control capabilities of residential PV in an unbalanced distribution feeder

The use of residential PV grid-tie inverters to supply reactive power as a benefit to the distribution grid has been widely proposed, however, there is little insight into how much of a benefit can be achieved from this control under varying system operating points. This paper seeks to demonstrate the effectiveness of a linearized versus nonlinear reactive power dispatch solution on a highly unbalanced distribution feeder under differing load profiles, insolation levels, and penetration rates of PV in the feeder. The results are analyzed to determine the system operating points that are favorable to reactive power control and the overall effectiveness of each solution in realistic feeder states.
Radioembolisation for treatment of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma

Transarterial radioembolisation with yttrium-90 (TARE-Y90), a catheter-directed therapy, has been used extensively in adults to treat primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. To our knowledge, the use of this palliative technique has not been described in children. We present two children with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with TARE-Y90.
Infrared Thermography for Asphalt Crack Imaging and Automated Detection

A research project evaluated the application of infrared thermography for the detection of asphalt cracking. Such detection has generally relied on image processing of pictures and videos of asphalt produced by analog and digital cameras that operate in the visual range of light. The presence of shadows, poor light conditions, white cracks, and a variety of other problems have presented serious challenges to automated crack identification and detection in this frequency region. The research reported here is primarily aimed at testing the hypothesis that asphalt cracks cause changes to surface conditions and emissivity, leading to perceived temperature differentials that can be exploited by infrared detectors in cameras. The research involved the production of tens of images from both conventional and infrared cameras. Several parameters were evaluated for both flexible and rigid pavements, including choice of infrared detection range, various lenses, and exposure during day and night hours. Under the right conditions, infrared thermography can yield superior results and allow the identification of tiny cracks about 1 mm in width, which are virtually impossible to detect with conventional cameras.
Resolution of Coriolis Parameters for Former Epochs

Marine species are liable to dispersion by ocean currents and thus areal gradients of the degree of speciation depend on Coriolis parameters. If Coriolis parameters for past epochs are calculated from these “speciation gradients” some controversial results emerge.
Testing race models by estimating the smaller of two true mean or true median reaction times: an analysis of estimation bias.

Researchers testing certain race models of reaction time sometimes want to estimate the smaller of the true mean (or median) reaction times in two experimental conditions. Standard practice is to collect a number of observations in each condition, and then take the smaller of the observed mean reaction times as the estimate of the smaller of the two true means. Unfortunately, this is a biased procedure, tending in the long run to underestimate the smaller of the two true means. This article presents computer simulations that investigate the size of this bias as a function of sample size, variance and shape of RT distributions, and separation between the true means of the two conditions. The amount of bias is directly related to the standard errors of the mean reaction times and inversely related to the separation between the true means. Bias can exceed 50 msec under some conditions that might be found in an actual experimental setting. Several other estimators were also examined in the simulations, and some had much smaller, though still nonnegligible, bias. By using estimators that are biased in opposite directions, it is possible to construct a conservative interval estimate of the true value being sought. Implications for testing race models are discussed.
Finding the beat: Using respondent-driven sampling to study jazz musicians☆

Abstract This paper describes the use of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to identify and survey jazz musicians in four U.S. cities - Detroit, New Orleans, New York and San Francisco. RDS has been used previously to sample injection drug users as part of a study of HIV prevention education and services. Through a mechanism of long referral chains and modest incentives, RDS will help to identify the social structure of the jazz musicians' community in the four study cities and their patterns of affiliation. It will also help to document everyday practice and to identify areas of greatest need for living jazz musicians.
Measuring the magnetic fields of jupiter and the outer solar system

The vector helium magnetometer, one of the Pioneer-Jupiter experiments, has measured the magnetic field of Jupiter and the interplanetary magnetic field in the outer solar system. The comprehensive scientific objectives of the investigations are explained and are then translated into the major instrument requirements. The principles of operation of the magnetometer, which involve the optical pumping of metastable helium, are discussed and the Pioneer instrument is described. The in-flight performance of the magnetometer is discussed and principal scientific results obtained thus far by the Pioneer investigation are summarized.
Short-term and long-term alterations in neuronal excitability during injury-induced axonal regeneration in ganglia and cell culture

Helisoma neurons B5, regenerating axonal arbors following crush-axotomyin vivo, displayed a transient ( 13 d). Neurons isolated into outgrowth-permissive cell culture conditions expressed a similar pattern of hypo- and hyperexcitability; however, excitability of neurons B5 in culture was elevated for only 5 d and then declined to a lower, stable level. The expression of these alterations in excitability was neurite outgrowth-independent and required the presence of ganglia-derived conditioning factors in the culture medium. Excitability of neurons in medium lacking conditioning factors fell by day 3 to minimal levels. Conditioned medium was effective in rescuing excitability of neurons deprived of conditioning factors during their first 3 days of cell culture, but not following longer periods of deprivation. Exposure to the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin, blocked the ability of conditioning factors to rescue B5 neuronal excitability. Together, results from cell culture suggest that mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability following nerve injury are independent of process outgrowth state, but require exposure to conditioning factors derived from injured neural tissue within several days of axonal insult. Although changes in B5 neurite outgrowth and neuronal excitability were expressed simultaneously following axonal injury, their independence suggests the existence of an underlying regenerative state that regulates both cellular modifications.
The prematurity stereotype: Empirical evidence and implications for practice†

The prematurity stereotype is defined as a set of biased beliefs about infants who are identified as having been born prematurely. This article reviews studies that have explored how this prematurity stereotype may negatively influence adults' perceptions of, expectations for, and behavior toward premature infants. The findings from these studies are considered in the context of more general knowledge about how expectations can influence behavior and result in self-fulfilling prophecies. Recent research designed to investigate how prematurity stereotyping can be reduced also is described and evaluated. Finally, the implications of this program of research for intervention with parents of premature infants and suggestions for future research directions are discussed.
Behavioral assessment and treatment of child migraine: implications for clinical research and practice

SYNOPSIS Behavioral assessment and treatment strategies for adult migraine have gained wide acceptance during the past decade. However, very little research exists on the use of behavioral methods for child migraine. The present paper reviews clinical research and practice in the behavioral assessment and treatment of child migraine. Based on the available medical literature, it appears thatchild migraine closely parallels adult migraine, excepting for some neurological signs, a higher proportion of affected males, and the greater prominence of gastrointestinal upset characterizing the former. Assessment methods that have proven useful with adult migraineurs, including interview data and headache diaries, have yet to be validated with a child population. Several behavioral and social validation measures are proposed as additional assessment strategies for child migraine. Although recent studies evaluating the use of relaxation, biofeedback, and other behavioral approaches for child migraine have been encouraging, methodological shortcomings in these studies make the drawing of firm conclusions premature. It is concluded that child migraine presents a very promising research domain in light of recent successes in therapeutic trials with children and the background of successful behavioral interventions established with adults.
Condition-Based Maintenance Decision-Making for Multiple Machine Systems

Maintenance decision-making has emerged as an important area of industrial research. Over the past two decades, maintenance policies have evolved from simple reactive maintenance to complex versions of condition-based maintenance (CBM). A quantitative description of a machine’s health, as found in CBM, is essential to plan maintenance effectively as it helps avoid excessive or insufficient maintenance. In spite of several advancements in the degradation monitoring techniques, most CBM decision-making methods still focus on a single machine system. Maintenance analysis of a single machine provides good insights, but lacks practical applications. In this paper, we develop a continuous time Markov chain degradation model and a cost model to quantify the effects of maintenance on a multiple machine system. An optimal maintenance policy for a multiple machine system in the absence of resource constraints is obtained. In the presence of resource constraints, two prioritization methods are proposed to obtain effective maintenance policies for a multiple machine system. A case study focusing on a section of an automotive assembly line is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Sympathetic nervous control of adipose tissue lipolysis.

Abstract The in vitro electrical stimulation of nerves innervating rat epididymal fat pads produces a consistent and measurable biochemical change; i.e. the hydrolysis of triglycerides to FFA. The optimum electrical conditions for the nervous stimulation in eliciting a lipolytic response were 5 V square wave impulses delivered at a frequency of 50 per sec and of 1 msec duration. Pretreatment of the animals with dibenamine, ergotamine, syrosingopine, bretylium or the bretylium-like agent, BW 392C60, antagonized the usual lipolytic response elicited by nervous stimulation. The in vitro addition of the beta adrenergic blocking agent, DCB, completely blocked lipolysis caused by electrical stimulation. Pargyline, atropine and theophylline all enhanced the electrically-induced increase in the rate of hydrolysis of triglycerides. Adrenalectomy decreased the response while cortisone treatment enhanced the response to nervous stimulation of fat pads. These results indicate that the process of a physiological event inducing a biochemical response can be demonstrated. The data show further that the lipolytic response is under the direct control of nerve fibers which are functionally sympathetic, since this response can be modified by a wide variety of compounds which are known to influence sympathetic activity both at the neuro-effector junction and at the postjunctional sites of hormonal action.
A Model for Cancer Tissue Heterogeneity

An important problem in the study of cancer is the understanding of the heterogeneous nature of the cell population. The clonal evolution of the tumor cells results in the tumors being composed of multiple subpopulations. Each subpopulation reacts differently to any given therapy. This calls for the development of novel (regulatory network) models, which can accommodate heterogeneity in cancerous tissues. In this paper, we present a new approach to model heterogeneity in cancer. We model heterogeneity as an ensemble of deterministic Boolean networks based on prior pathway knowledge. We develop the model considering the use of qPCR data. By observing gene expressions when the tissue is subjected to various stimuli, the compositional breakup of the tissue under study can be determined. We demonstrate the viability of this approach by using our model on synthetic data, and real-world data collected from fibroblasts.
Detection of glutethimide (Doriden) by hemagglutination inhibition.

Abstract The production of an anti-glutethimide serum and an immunological method of detecting the drug is described. Using hemagglutination-inhibition low levels of glutethimide in serum and urine from clinical cases are detected.
Acquired long QT syndrome and elective anesthesia in children

We present the case of a child who had had a previous episode of torsades de pointes (TdP) and who was scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The pathophysiology of this condition and the anesthesia concerns are discussed. An 8-year-old male with a history of osteogenic sarcoma had undergone an uneventful limb salvage procedure 2 years earlier. During a subsequent admission to the hospital, he had had a cardiopulmonary arrest with complete recovery. Telemetry electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm recordings obtained during the event showed TdP that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation, which then terminated spontaneously. On a subsequent ECG, the QTc interval was 694 ms. The prolonged QT interval was attributed to homeopathic use of cesium chloride supplements and the QT interval normalized after cesium was stopped. He presented for an elective procedure and, with an anesthetic plan that emphasized medications without known effect on the QT interval, had an uneventful perioperative course. The optimal anesthesia plan for patients with prolonged QT or those suspected to be at risk for prolongation of the QT interval has not been well described. Available evidence suggests that using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol may be the safest and was used uneventfully in this case. Additionally, this case emphasizes the need to inquire about the use of supplements and naturopathic medications, even in children, that may have life-threatening side effects or interactions with anesthetic agents.
Beyond the fence line: corporate social responsibility.

Activities that occur outside the boundaries of the workplace include interactions with local communities on public health issues, evaluation of the practices of business partners (including suppliers and consumers), consideration of human rights, and attention to global environmental concerns. Such activities go beyond meeting the exigencies of operations or the requirements of statute and regulation. They address obligations that are a part of an agenda termed corporate social responsibility. A review of this concept is helpful in understanding the expanding role of medical operations outside of the business fence line.
Risks and Benefits of Global Warming and the Loss of Mountain Glaciers and Ice Patches to Archeological, Paleoclimate, and Paleoecology Resources

Scientific documentation of global warming, despite disagreement on its ultimate causes, includes measurable rises in sea levels, more frequently stronger and more violent weather patterns, and accelerating melting of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, long-existing glaciers, and “permanent” snow fields. In recent years, there have been numerous discoveries of ancient human, animal, and plant remains melted from long-frozen snow and ice, finds which recently led to development of a new subfield of archaeology known as ice patch or glacial archaeology. Ice patch organic remains, once exposed, are subject to rapid deterioration and destruction. Both cultural and natural remains, if identified and collected prior to extended surface exposure can provide extraordinary evidence about past societies, climates, and ecosystems. This article provides a short background and discussion on the nature and history of the emerging science of glacier/ice patch archaeology and describes results of an on-going study in the United States’ southern Rocky Mountains where ice patch evidence for climate change is integrated with more traditional paleoclimate and archaeological research to reconstruct several millennia of cultural, climate, and ecological landscape evolution.
Optical amplifier for space applications

We describe an optical amplifier designed to amplify a spatially sampled component of an optical wavefront to kilowatt average power. The goal is means for implementing a strategy of spatially segmenting a large aperture wavefront, amplifying the individual segments, maintaining the phase coherence of the segments by active means, and imaging the resultant amplified coherent field. Applications of interest are the transmission of space solar power over multi-megameter distances, as to distant spacecraft, or to remote sites with no preexisting power grid.
Varying the blending protocol to control the morphology of model compatibilized polymer blends

The structure of an oil/water emulsion is known to depend on its preparation method. Here, we test whether the preparation protocol can be used to control the morphology of “model” blends of immiscible polymers compatibilized by a diblock copolymer. Two preparation protocols were tested. In the “double blending” protocol, a droplet-matrix blend was blended with additional drop-phase fluid. As in oil/water emulsions, this yielded a drop-within-drop “double emulsion” morphology. Coalescence suppression due to compatibilizer was found crucial to double emulsion stability. The rheology of the double emulsion was qualitatively similar to that of a simple droplet-matrix blend, but with an effectively higher drop volume fraction. In the “multistep concentration” protocol, the drop phase was added gradually (rather than all-at-once) to the matrix phase. While this protocol can realize a high-dispersed phase emulsion in oil/water systems, in this case, phase inversion occurred when the drop volume fraction exceeded 0.5. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics

The Origins of Agriculture in the Lowland Neotropics. Dolores R. Piperno and Deborah M. Pearsall. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1998
The Professional Identity of Journalists in the Context of Convergence Culture

Convergence is not just a buzzword, it is a key identifier of many different trends in today’s digital culture. In this essay I explore the context and consequences of media convergence for a professional identity of journalists. Convergence in this context is not just a technological process, amplified through digitization. Media convergence must also be seen as having a cultural logic of its own, blurring the lines between different channels, forms and formats, between different parts of the media enterprise, between the acts of production and consumption, between making media and using media, and between active or passive spectatorship of mediated culture. Although many of these developments have been addressed in recent scholarship, little theorizing has taken place on the level of the work environment and professional context of journalists, reporters, and editors. A identidade profissional dos jornalistas no contexto da cultura da convergencia Convergencia nao e apenas um termo na moda: e um indicador-chave de varias tendencias na cultura digital dos nossos dias. Neste artigo e explorado o contexto e consequencias da convergencia de media sobre a identidade profissional dos jornalistas. Convergencia, neste contexto, nao e apenas um processo tecnologico, amplificado pela digitalizacao. Convergencia de media deve igualmente ser considerado um fenomeno com uma logica cultural propria, tornando difusas as linhas entre diferentes canais, formas e formatos, entre diferentes partes do meio empresarial mediatico, entre os actos de producao e de consumo, entre produzindo media e consumindo media, e entre formas activas e passivas de audiencia de cultura mediatizada. Ainda que muitos destes desenvolvimentos tenham sido abordados na actividade de pesquisa academica, pouca atencao tem sido dedicada a teorizar o ambiente de trabalho e o contexto profissional dos jornalistas, reporteres e editores.
Exploration or imitation? The effect of music on 4-week-old infants' tongue protrusions.

Abstract In a newborn imitation paradigm, an auditory stimulus – music – replaced the standard adult behavioral model. Alternating intervals of music and silence affected 4-week-old infants’ rates of tongue protruding—evidence that tongue protruding is a general response to interesting distal stimuli.
Next generation sequencing and a new era of medicine

The 10th anniversary of the publication of the first draft sequence of the human genome was celebrated recently, following the launch of the Human Genome Project in 1990.1 Now, 10 years later, a human genome can be sequenced in less than 10 days and soon will be sequenced routinely within a day. This remarkable progress is due to significant advances in DNA sequencing technologies from Sanger sequencing that has been dominant for nearly 30 years to next generation sequencing (NGS, also termed massively parallel sequencing). The ability to rapidly sequence human genomes and to generate genetic, transcriptomic, epigenetic data and other genome-wide data for a relatively small cost opens up numerous opportunities for translation into the clinic over the next few years. Can the knowledge gained through NGS advances lead to personalized medicine for cancer patients? In this review we provide an overview of NGS technologies and the challenges associated with handling massive amounts of data, data integration, visualization and analysis, followed by a discussion of the biological information that obtained through NGS within the context of colorectal cancer. Finally we will discuss the remaining challenges for NGS to change clinical management of disease. The first draft of the human genome was generated using Sanger sequencing (considered first generation sequencing technology), a very successful but labour-intensive approach that required gel electrophoresis to size-separate dideoxy-terminated, PCR amplification products (originally radio-labelled nucleotides were used, but the change to fluorescent dye-labelled nucleotides greatly accelerated the application of this technology). While other sequencing methods existed (such as Maxam–Gilbert sequencing), Sanger sequencing was the mainstay sequencing method used worldwide for nearly 3 decades and has yielded many promising findings in cancer that have already entered the clinic.2 First generation sequencing approaches such as Sanger sequencing relied on sequencing PCR …
Levans. II. Light-scattering and sedimentation data of Streptococcus salivarius Levan in water.

The molecular weights and radii of gyration of Streptococcus salivarius levan fractions were obtained from light-scattering measurements in water. Sedimentation coefficients and partial specific volumes of the fractions were also obtained. Double logarithmic plots of [η] versus Mw and S0 versus Mw yielded slopes having values of 0.17 and 0.62, respectively. The data and various calculated parameters show that levan from Streptococcus salivarius is highly branched and behaves hydrodynamically as a compact particle of spherical symmetry.
Mental Health Beliefs, Practices, and Knowledge of Chinese American Immigrant Women

The purpose of this study was to describe the mental health beliefs and practices of Chinese American immigrant women. A two-part design using both qualitative and quantitative techniques was emplo...
Turbulent Channel Flows on a Rotating Earth

Abstract This paper deals with flow in a rectilinear channel on a rotating earth. The flow is directed perpendicular to the background planetary vorticity; both an analytical theory and numerical simulations are employed. The analytical approach assumes the existence of an eddy viscosity and employs a perturbation expansion in powers of the reciprocal of the Rossby number (Ro). At lowest order, a cross-channel circulation arises because of the tilting of the planetary vorticity vector by the shear in the along-channel direction. This circulation causes a surface convergence, which achieves its maximum value at a channel aspect ratio (= width/depth) of approximately 10. The location of the maximum surface convergence moves from near the center of the channel to a position very near the sidewalls as the aspect ratio increases from O(1) to O(100). To include the effects of turbulence, direct numerical pseudospectral simulations of the equations of motion are employed. While holding the friction Reynolds numb...
Preferences by Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera, Tephritidae) for rectangles of various yellow colours and fluorescence

Sticky rectangle traps of various yellow colours and fluorescence made of cardboard were field tested against western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, in paired trap preference experiments in Washington state. In a first experiment that involved comparisons of Alpha Scents (proprietary paint), Fluorescent Yellow (aerosol paint), Saffron Thread and Neon Light (semi-gloss enamel paints) traps at two sites, the best performing trap was the Saffron Thread trap. In a second experiment comparing Citrus Splash (semi-gloss enamel paint) with Alpha Scents and with Macaw and Lemon Zest (both semi-gloss enamel paints) traps at a third site, the Citrus Splash trap outperformed the Alpha Scents trap. The Citrus Splash trap did not differ statistically from Saffron Thread and Lemon Zest traps, even though it caught 51% more flies than the Lemon Zest trap. The Alpha Scents trap caught significantly more non-target Diptera than Fluorescent Yellow, Neon Light and Citrus Splash traps at two of three trap sites where non-target Diptera populations were relatively high and overall it appeared less selective than the Citrus Splash trap. Results suggest that sticky rectangle traps painted semi-gloss enamel Saffron Thread or Citrus Splash with low fluorescence could be highly useful for detecting R. indifferens.
Observed multiplicity distributions from 200 GeV neutrons on thick carbon targets; application to multi-core observations in air showers

The multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced in carbon targets up to 10 g cm-' by the M3 neutron beam at FNAL (- 210 GeV median energy) have been measured in forward cones. The value of (n) increases only slowly with target thickness but the tail of the distribution (n >, 15) triples with an increase in thickness from 2.5 to 10gcm-*. The above is used to predict the contribution of local hadron interactions to the sub-cores in air showers observed at Kiel. We conclude that one-third or more of the sub-cores (about 30) are not due to local hadron interactions.
Rapid damage assessment using high-resolution remote sensing imagery: Tools and techniques

Accurate damage assessment due to major natural and anthropogenic disasters is becoming critical due to increasing human and economic losses. This increase in loss of life and severe damages can be attributed to the growing population, and human migration and settlements in disaster prone regions of the world. Rapid damage assessment and dissemination of accurate information is critical for creating an effective emergency response. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) based techniques and tools are playing an important function in disaster damage assessment and reporting activities. In this review, we will look into the current state of art, in damage assessment using remote sensing and GIS based techniques.
Advanced Technologies for Effective Sales Training Interactive Video Programs

This manuscript compares active with passive learning models. It supports active learning as more appropriate for professional sales education. The conceptual support is explained and justified within the context of behavioral modeling and social learning theory. Further, interactive video, an active learning pedagogy that utilizes behavioral modeling, is described and discussed as a viable alternative for business schools seeking active learning tools for professional selling courses. Following this general discussion of interactive video, two specific interactive video systems currently being utilized in college selling classes are described and compared.
Prosody in First Language Acquisition – Acquiring Intonation as a Tool to Organize Information in Conversation

Recent research on children’s acquisition of prosody, or the rhythm and melody in language, demonstrates that young children use prosody in their comprehension and production of utterances to a greater extent than was previously documented. Spoken language, structured by prosodic form, is the primary input on which the mental representations and processes that comprise language use are built. Understanding how children acquire prosody and develop the mapping between prosody and other aspects of language is crucial to any effort to model the role of prosody in the processing system. We focus on two aspects of prosody that have been shown to play a primary role in its use as an organizational device in human languages, prosodic phrasal grouping, and intonational prominence.
SEX-SPECIFIC SUMMER ROOST-SITE SELECTION BY SEMINOLE BATS IN RESPONSE TO LANDSCAPE-LEVEL FOREST MANAGEMENT

Although importance of forested corridors to navigating and foraging bats has been documented, the relationship between corridors and roost-site selection has not been studied. From late May to mid-August 2003–2006, we used radiotelemetry to investigate roost-site selection by Seminole bats (Lasiurus seminolus) on an intensively managed landscape with forested corridors in southern South Carolina. We tracked 27 (10 males and 17 females) adult Seminole bats to 90 (41 males and 49 females) diurnal roosts. We found 61% (n ¼ 25) of male and 63% (n ¼ 31) of female roosts in forested corridors, which comprised 11% of the landscape. We modeled roost-site selection with logistic regression and used Akaike’s information criterion for small samples (AICc) and Akaike weights to select models relating roost-site selection to landscape-level features. Our results indicated that several factors (i.e., distance to nearest corridor and distance to nearest mature pine stand) influenced roost-site selection and that differences existed between males and females, and among female reproductive condition. Examination of our data suggests that landscape-level features are more important than tree- and plot-level characteristics for roosting by Seminole bats on this managed forest. Corridors may represent a feasible approach to maintaining suitable roosting habitat for Seminole bats in managed forest landscapes.
Computation of power generation system production costs

This paper considers the problem of computing the expected value of generating system production costs. First, using a stochastic model for the frequency and duration of generation outage, it provides an efficient Monte Carlo procedure for the evaluation of the Baleriaux formula. Secondly, it points out the need for using a stochastic model for estimating production costs with time-dependent constraints via Monte Carlo. Lastly, it considers a model where the chronological load also has a random component and obtains an expression for expected production costs for this situation.
Excitatory Amino Acids and Serotonin Uptake Blockers Reveal two Physiologically Distinct Serotonin Systems in the Retina of the Skate, Raja Erinacea

The retina of the skate (Raja erinacea) contains at least 2 types of cell (amacrines and bipolars) that can be visualized with an antiserum against serotonin. We have employed serotonin immunocytochemistry in combination with pharmacological manipulation of retinal tissue to analyze physiological properties of serotonergic amacrine cells and serotonin-accumulating bipolar cells. Excitatory amino acids (NMDA, aspartate) had no detectable effects on serotonin-immimoreactivity in bipolar cells but decreased staining in amacrine cells. High K+ Ringer increased staining in bipolar cell somata, however, it depleted the inner plexiform layer of the retina of serotonin. Zimelidine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, completely blocked serotonin accumulation by bipolar cells but had no effect on amacrine cells, whereas incubation of the retinas in fluoxetine (Prozac), a different inhibitor of serotonin uptake, did not block serotonin accumulation into bipolar cells which was actually enhanced in some cases. We conclude...
Damaging agitation intensities increase DNA synthesis rate and alter cell‐cycle phase distributions of CHO cells

The effects of fluid-mechanical force (agitation) on the cell cycle kinetics of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured in suspension in 2-L bioreactors has been examined. A two-color flow cytometry method was used to determine the fraction rate of DNA synthesis. With increased agitation intensity, cell viability decreased as a result of increased cell death. However, increased agitation induced the viable cells of the culture to a higher proliferative state relative to a control culture. The fraction of viable cells of the high-agitation culture (250 rpm) in S phase was higher (up to 45%) and in G1 phase was lower (up to 50%) compared with the viable cells of the control culture (80 rpm). The DNA synthesis rate per viable S-phase cell of the high-agitation culture was confirmed by recovery experiments, which were conducted to measure the apparent specific growth rate and the cell cycle kinetics of the high-agitation culture upon reduction in the agitation rate from 250 rpm back to 80 rpm. The apparent specific growth rate of the test culture, calculated for the first 12 h of the recovery period, was greater than the apparent specific growth rate of the control culture. Furthermore, the proliferative state of the viable cells of the test culture, which had become higher relative to the control culture during the high agitation period, gradually approached the level of the control culture during recovery. Results also show that the magnitude of the agitation intensity; the culture agitated at 250 rpm attained a greater proliferative state than a parallel culture agitated at 235 rpm. The 250-rpm culture had a higher fraction of S-phase and a lower fraction of G1-phase cells than the 235-rpm culture. The DNA synthesis rate per viable S-phase cell of the 250-rpm culture was greater than of the 235-rpm culture.
Towards A Political Framework for Socio-Technical System Design

Creation and endurance of complex systems, particularly infrastructure systems such as roads, dams, sewers, and telecommunications, depend upon the existence of a two stage project risk management bargain.