cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput cDNA Screening Utilizing a Low Order Neural Network Filter

A low order neural network-based filter was designed as a rapid screening agent for single-spanning transmembrane regions in an integrated informatics system. A rapid screening algorithm was seen as a compromise between costly structure-specific techniques and simple rules that gave a high false-positive rate for cDNA. The filter was applied to a library of 2123 anonymous cDNA sequences, which resulted in 61 detections. Evaluation of the detections with two other dissimilar computer prediction algorithms yielded strong transmembrane predictions for 15 of the detections, while 8 of the detections resulted in a definitive negative result. Homology searches performed on the sequences with detection reports yielded 13 homologs in the predicted reading frame, four of which are membrane associated.
On Incremental Equilibrium Equations In SolidMechanics

An incremental differential equilibrium equation is derived in solid mechanics for possible use in the boundary element method. The equation involves a tangent modulus tensor with two terms. One is totally symmetric, exhibiting at most twenty one distinct entries as in linear, anisotropic, inhomogeneous elasticity. There are only six distinct entries in the second term.
Drought and Heat Stress Effects on Soybean Fatty Acid Composition and Oil Stability

Abstract Previous studies have shown that oil concentration and fatty acid profile (composition) change with genotype, environment (mainly heat and drought), and geographical location. The changes in fatty acid composition under these conditions affect fatty acid stability, creating a challenge to the oil processing industry to predict production and oil quality under different environmental conditions. Oil with a lower stability index is subject to oxidation, resulting in degradation of oil, oil-derived products, biodiesel, and biodegradable lubricants. Therefore, the oxidative stability of oil and fatty acid has become a subject of intensive research and a major goal of soybean breeding programs, biotechnology, and soybean oil industry. This chapter summarizes the effects of two major environmental factors; heat and drought on oil content and fatty acid composition in conventional soybean genotypes and gives up to date information on altered fatty acid soybean genotypes on the horizon.
Nonlinear space-time focusing and filamentation of annular femtosecond pulses in dielectrics

Filamentation during simultaneous space-time focusing in bulk fused silica is investigated numerically. We model the use of a pair of concentric gratings to transform a common femtosecond laser pulse with a Gaussian spatial profile into a radially chirped, annular beam shape that is focused into the bulk of silica by a lens. By varying the energy and/or time-chirp of the incident pulse, we capture the pulse dynamics and material response that yields material modification and damage in the nonlinear focus. The results show rich pulse dynamics, enhanced damage/modification site localization, and suggest novel approaches to laser machining of solids.
Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Background: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease classically presents with aggressive necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, often with pulmonary hemorrhage. The pathologic hallmark is linear staining of GBMs for deposited immunoglobulin G (IgG), usually accompanied by serum autoantibodies to the collagen IV alpha-3 constituents of GBMs. Methods: Renal pathology files were searched for cases with linear anti-GBM to identify cases with atypical or indolent course. Histopathology, laboratory studies, treatment and outcome of those cases was reviewed in detail. Results: Five anti-GBM cases with atypical clinicopathologic features were identified (accounting for ∼8% of anti-GBM cases in our laboratory). Kidney biopsies showed minimal glomerular changes by light microscopy; one patient had monoclonal IgG deposits in an allograft (likely recurrent). Three patients did not have detectable serum anti-GBM by conventional assays. Three patients had indolent clinical courses after immunosuppressive treatment. One patient, untreated after presenting with brief mild hematuria, re-presented after a short interval with necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Conclusions: Thoroughclinicopathologiccharacterizationandclosefollow-upofpatientswith findingsofatypicalanti-GBMon renal biopsy are needed. Review of the literature reveals only rare well-documented atypical anti-GBM casesto date, onlyone of which progressed to end-stage kidney disease.
Electron microscopic observations on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage.

SummaryA sperm-shaped structure was identified with two bacteriophages active for Ps. aeruginosa.
Effect of oxalate on turnover of radioactive phosphate by the human erythrocyte.

SummaryWhen incubated with human blood, C-14 oxalate is distributed between cells and plasma with a significant preference for the cells. After incubation with inorganic P32 phosphate and oxalate, rate of loss of P32 from the erythrocytes suspended in buffered-normal saline was lower in the case of erythrocytes pre-incubated with oxalate, reaching a minimum value with 0.00075 molar oxalate. Inhibition of P32 loss from erythrocytes by oxalate was slightly enhanced by potassium but was reversed by calcium and magnesium ions in physiological concentrations. Concentration of the cellular organic phosphates of the acid-soluble ester fraction changes significantly after incubation of erythrocytes with inorganic P32 and oxalate. The changes caused by oxalate may in each case be attributed directly or indirectly to a reduction in available magnesium.Acknowledgement is made to Professor A. Grollman for professional assistance and to Mildred Watkins and Mr. J. W. Jackson for technical aid.
Parallelism Between Transport Inhibition and L1210 Cell Growth by Ouabain

It is well documented that cardiac glycosides such as digoxin or digitoxin, have some beneficial influences over the development of tumor in human subjects. For instance, the recurrence rate of tumor after mastectomy among patients who did not receive cardiac glycoside was 9.6 times greater than the risk of recurrence of those who were on digitalis (Stenkvist et al., 1982). The characteristics of tumor cells of the patients with breast cancer who were receiving cardiac glycosides at the time of diagnosis were different from those of patients who did not use the drugs. Tumor cells from the patients who were on digitalis were smaller in size, and more uniform in cellular morphology, density, and structure than those in patients not using digitalis (Stenkvist et al., 1980 and 1979). The biochemical or pharmacological basis of the modifying effect of cardiac glycoside on the biological aggressiveness of breast tumor is yet to be identified.
Analysis and approximation of a nonlocal obstacle problem

Abstract An obstacle problem for a nonlocal operator is considered; the operator is a nonlocal integral analogue of the Laplacian operator and, as a special case, reduces to the fractional Laplacian. In the analysis of classical obstacle problems for the Laplacian, the obstacle is taken to be a smooth function. For the nonlocal obstacle problem considered here, obstacles are allowed to have jump discontinuities. We cast the nonlocal obstacle problem as a minimization problem wherein the solution is constrained to lie above the obstacle. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution in an appropriate function space. Then, the well posedness and convergence of finite element approximations are demonstrated. The results of numerical experiments are provided that illustrate the theoretical results and the differences between solutions of local, i.e., partial differential equation, and nonlocal obstacle problems.
Associations Between Internet-Based Professional Social Networking and Emotional Distress.

Abstract Professional social networking websites are commonly used among young professionals. In light of emerging concerns regarding social networking use and emotional distress, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between frequency of use of LinkedIn, the most commonly used professional social networking website, and depression and anxiety among young adults. In October 2014, we assessed a nationally representative sample of 1,780 U.S. young adults between the ages of 19–32 regarding frequency of LinkedIn use, depression and anxiety, and sociodemographic covariates. We measured depression and anxiety using validated Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System measures. We used bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between LinkedIn use and depression and anxiety, while controlling for age, sex, race, relationship status, living situation, household income, education level, and overall social media use. In weighted analyses, 72% of...
Thermal-capillary analysis of Czochralski and liquid encapsulated Czochralski crystal growth: I. Simulation

Abstract Results are presented from finite element analysis of the Czochralski (CZ) and Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) crystal growth processes based on a thermal-capillary model which governs the heat transfer in the system simultaneously with setting the shapes of the melt/solid interface, the melt and encapsulant menisci, and the radius of a steadily growing crystal. Calculations are performed for the small-scale growth of silicon (CZ) and gallium arsenide (LED). The effects of melt volume and crucible position relative to the heater on the radius of the crystal and the shape of the melt/solid interface are predicted for the CZ system, and the importance of including an accurate representation of the melt meniscus for modelling the process is demonstrated. The additional effect of an encapsulant layer on heat transfer is treated for the LEC method for the cases of totally transparent and opaque encapsulant. The responses of these LEC prototype systems are examined for changes in pull rate and encapsulant volume.
Adaptive resistance of melanoma cells to RAF inhibition via reversible induction of a slowly dividing de-differentiated state.

Abstract Treatment of BRAF ‐mutant melanomas with MAP kinase pathway inhibitors is paradigmatic of the promise of precision cancer therapy but also highlights problems with drug resistance that limit patient benefit. We use live‐cell imaging, single‐cell analysis, and molecular profiling to show that exposure of tumor cells to RAF/MEK inhibitors elicits a heterogeneous response in which some cells die, some arrest, and the remainder adapt to drug. Drug‐adapted cells up‐regulate markers of the neural crest (e.g., NGFR), a melanocyte precursor, and grow slowly. This phenotype is transiently stable, reverting to the drug‐naive state within 9 days of drug withdrawal. Transcriptional profiling of cell lines and human tumors implicates a c‐Jun/ECM/FAK/Src cascade in de‐differentiation in about one‐third of cell lines studied; drug‐induced changes in c‐Jun and NGFR levels are also observed in xenograft and human tumors. Drugs targeting the c‐Jun/ECM/FAK/Src cascade as well as BET bromodomain inhibitors increase the maximum effect ( E max ) of RAF/MEK kinase inhibitors by promoting cell killing. Thus, analysis of reversible drug resistance at a single‐cell level identifies signaling pathways and inhibitory drugs missed by assays that focus on cell populations.
Cup Forming: A Study in Quasi-Automatic Strain Based Control

Force-based closed-loop control of stamp forming processes have in the past been investigated in order to improve the formability of sheet metal when forming automotive body panels. Previous researchers have controlled local forces and wrinkling using active draw beads and variable blank holder forces. However, it has been recognized that strain-based control in critical locations may be more effective. This study is an initial examination of strain-based control. In order to simplify the problem of strain control, cup forming was utilized and a quasi-automatic proportional control system was utilized. Both finite element analysis and experimental results were examined. It was demonstrated that control at the punch nose resulted in better strain control than at the die shoulder. For this study, two approaches were considered for control. For the first approach, if the effective strains were within +/−0.005 of the target strain, the process was said to be in control while the second approach used a factor of 10% deviation from the target strain to be in control. It was shown that the second method resulted in improved control. However, a third approach, which was a synthesis of the first two approaches resulted in very close agreement between the target strains and the strains from the controlled simulations.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Development of a Neural Interface for Artificial Limbs

Providing adequate control of a powered artificial arm is difficult, especially with high levels of amputation where the need is greatest. In this presentation we will describe a new technique to create a bi-directional neural interface for artificial limbs.
Development of a patient question prompt list to improve communication and clinical trial enrollment in a diverse patient population.

143Background: Few patients, especially racial/ethnic minorities, enroll in clinical trials (CT), in part due to patient-oncologist communication. Question prompt lists (QPLs) improve communication, but have not been tested in CT discussions in a diverse patient population. We describe the development and acceptability of a theory-based QPL to improve communication and enrollment of White and Black men in prostate cancer CTs. Methods: Two existing QPLs were adapted by a team of communication scientists, psychologists, clinicians and patients. Guiding theories were the common ingroup identity model, which suggests people from different social groups can better achieve goals when they are on the same team, and patient-centered communication, which suggests that patient active participation improves clinical communication. The revised QPL included text to encourage patients to see themselves and their oncologist as a team, and 33 questions about CTs to encourage patients to participate actively in clinical i...
An Msh3 ATPase domain mutation has no effect on MMR function

To demonstrate that the Msh3 ATPase domain is required for DNA mismatch repair and tumor suppression in a murine model. The DNA mismatch repair proteins are members of the ABC family of ATPases. ATP binding and hydrolysis regulates their mismatch repair function. In the current study, a mouse model was generated harboring a glycine to aspartic acid residue change in the Walker A motif of the ATPase domain of Msh3. Impaired ATP mediated release of the Msh2-Msh3 GD/GD complex from it’s DNA substrate in vitro confirmed the presence of an ATPase defect. However, the mismatch repair function of the protein was not significantly affected. Therefore, mutation of a critical residue within the ATPase domain of Msh3 did not preclude mismatch repair at the genomic sequences tested. Indicating that Msh3 mediated mismatch function is retained the absence of a functional ATPase domain.
XII Steady Navier–Stokes Flow in Two-Dimensional Exterior Domains

In this chapter we shall study plane steady flow occurring in the complement of a compact region.
Oögenesis-Ovulation and Egg Transport

Basic knowledge of the biology of germ cells, ovulation and egg transport are essential if proper assessments of the problems of excessive population growth and infertility in man and animals are to be made. There are very large hiatuses in our knowledge of any of these phenomena. It is fair to state that we would have difficulty in describing the natural history of reproductive processes with accuracy for any animal much less the physical and chemical changes occurring at the cellular level.
Spettri della violenza politica: gli anni Settanta in alcuni romanzi del nuovo millennio

La memoria della violenza politica in Italia resta divisa. Dal punto di vista degli studi sul trauma, si tratterebbe di un trauma collettivo che, non essendo stato elaborato, produce nella memoria collettiva una sorta di spettro, per utilizzare un termine usato da Freud e in seguito da Jacques Derrida nel suo Spectres de Marx (1993). L‘intervento si concentra sulla presenza spettrale della violenza politica in quattro romanzi italiani del nuovo millennio: Tuo figlio (2004) di Gian Mario Villalta, Il segreto (2003) di Geraldina Colotti, La Guerra di Nora (2003) di Antonella Tavassi La Greca, Il sogno cattivo (2006) di Francesca D‘Aloja.
A Case for Decentering Whiteness in Education: How Eurocentric Social Studies Curriculum Acts as a Form of White/Western Studies

Ethnic Studies undermines and challenges the racism inherent in dominant education systems by centering identities and epistemologies of people of Color. While much focus has been paid to the damage done to students of Color by White teachers and the White standard curriculum, this paper addresses the intellectual and material benefit White students disproportionately gain from this curriculum. Through a mixed-methods empirical study examining social studies textbooks and standards from Texas and California, the author argues that the standard White canon acts as a form of White/Western studies that directly privileges White students. Critical Race Theory, Critical Whiteness Studies, Pierre Bourdieu cultural reproduction, and Tara Yosso’s community cultural wealth provide theoretical frameworks in calling for a broader implementation of Ethnic Studies programs and pedagogies while calling for reform of traditional curriculum and standards that act as couriers of dominant capital for White students.
What Are the Risks of Doppler Ultrasound in Pregnancy

Ultrasound is safe and considered the imaging modality of choice pregnant patients. Compared to standard B-mode and M-mode ultrasound waves, Doppler waves require higher acoustic output and confer a higher theoretical risk of thermal damage to fetal tissue. B-mode and M-mode ultrasound waves are recommended over Doppler waves for fetal assessment whenever possible.
Development and application of a rubric to compare strategies for improving access to health care in rural communities in the United States.

Abstract Rural areas are underserved in terms of the availability of and access to health care services. According to Healthy People 2020, access to health care continues to be the most frequently identified rural health priority in the United States. Purpose The purpose was to develop an efficient approach for standardizing and prioritizing strategies to improve access to health care in rural areas across the United States. The rubric provides a quantitative metric of the effectiveness of each strategy in terms of impact and feasibility and allows community health departments and other access to care groups to compare strategies and facilitate discussion of various strategies’ ability to meet the needs of diverse communities. Framework The Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle was used to create the rubric. The research team constructed a plan for creating a rubric to measure each strategy’s impact and feasibility. We checked the rubric by applying it to selected access to care improvement strategies evaluated by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). Members of a rural community Access to Care Workgroup applied the rubric to several RWJF What Works for Health strategies. The final step was to compare the results of the application phase through facilitated conversations with the goal of determining which strategy or strategies would best meet the needs of the rural community. Discussion A rubric is a valuable tool to facilitate assessment and discussion and for assisting community members in determining access to care priorities. After applying the rubric in a community setting, we identified two important tactics: 1) the rubric is best applied to strategies when they are summarized consistently and cohesively; and 2) it is important to involve community stakeholders early in the process of identifying strategies for evaluation. The next step is to apply the rubric to similar strategies in other rural communities to further validate the rubric’s effectiveness.
3D in vitro model for human corneal endothelial cell maturation

Abstract Corneal endothelium is a cellular monolayer positioned on the Descemet's membrane at the anterior cornea, and it plays a critical role in maintaining corneal clarity. Our present study examines the feasibility of utilizing our 3-dimensional (3D) corneal stromal construct, which consists of human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) and their self-assembled matrix, to observe the development and maturation of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEndoCs) in a co-culture model. Three-dimensional HCF constructs were created by growing the HCFs on Transwell membranes in Eagles' minimum essential medium (EMEM) + 10% FBS + 0.5 mM Vitamin C (VitC) for about 4 weeks. HCEndoCs, either primary (pHCEndoC) or cell line (HCEndoCL), were either seeded in chamber slides, directly on the Transwell membranes, or on the 3D HCF constructs and cultivated for 5 days or 2 weeks. The HCEndoCs that were seeded directly on the Transwell membranes were exposed indirectly to HCF by culturing the HCF on the plate beneath the membrane. Cultures were examined for morphology and ultrastructure using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, indirect-immunofluorescence microscopy (IF) was used to examine tight junction formation (ZO-1), maturation (ALDH1A1), basement membrane formation (Laminin), cell proliferation (Ki67), cell death (caspase-3), and fibrotic response (CTGF). As expected, both pHCEndoCs and HCEndoCLs formed monolayers on the constructs; however, the morphology of the HCEndoCLs appeared to be similar to that seen in vivo, uniform and closely packed, whereas the pHCEndoCs remained elongated. The IF data showed that laminin localization was present in the HCEndoCs' cytoplasm as cell-cell contact increased, and when they were grown in the 3D co-culture, the beginnings of what appears to be a continuous DM-like structure was observed. In addition, in co-cultures, ALDH1A1-positive HCEndoCs were present, ZO-1 expression localized within the tight junctions, minimal numbers of HCEndoCs were Ki67-or Caspase-3-positive, and CTGF was positive in both the HCEndoCs cytoplasm and the matrix of the co-culture. Also, laminin localization was stimulated in HCEndoCs upon indirect stimuli secreted by HCF. The present data suggests our 3D co-culture model is useful for studying corneal endothelium maturation in vitro since the co-culture promotes new DM-like formation, HCEndoCs develop in vivo-like characteristics, and the fibrotic response is activated. Our current findings are applicable to understanding the implications of corneal endothelial injection therapy, such as if the abnormal DM has to be removed from the patient, the newly injected endothelial cells will seed onto the wound area and deposit a new DM-like membrane. However, caution should be observed and as much of the normal DM should be left intact since removal of the DM can cause a posterior stromal fibrotic response.
Individual, Family, and Site Predictors of Youth Receipt of Therapy in Systems of Care

The majority of youth with mental health needs do not receive therapy services to treat their disorder, and unmet need is particularly high among racial and ethnic minorities and economically disadvantaged families in the population at large. Investigating whether these patterns emerge within systems of care can reveal opportunities to expand therapy access and utilization. This study examines multilevel predictors of receipt of therapy within the Children’s Mental Health Initiative (CMHI), the largest federally-funded effort in the United States to serve youth with significant emotional or behavioral disturbance, to determine whether disparities in therapy use persist within this specialized population that has been connected to a service array. Using data from 1604 youth aged 10–17 in 33 CMHI-funded system of care sites, the relationship between youth, family and site-level variables and the receipt of outpatient therapy in the first 6 months of service were examined using a multilevel model. Youth who were African American, had caregivers with less education, were in families at or below the poverty level, or lived in sites that served a higher rate of families below the poverty level were less likely to receive needed therapy services after controlling for age, gender, and symptomatology. Despite the CMHI’s success in connecting the majority of enrolled youth to therapy services, treatment disparities persist along racial and socioeconomic lines. These findings identify youth and communities that may require additional strategies and attention to better connect youth to needed therapy services.
Developing qualitative propositions in sales research: existing approaches and a new multiphasic technique

Many qualitative sales researchers have encountered the proposition problem: the desire to include propositions in their qualitative work coupled with the discomfort in how to do so effectively. Pr...
Green building literacy: a framework for advancing green building education

Despite the increasing square footage of green buildings worldwide, green building expertise remains largely in the domain of building industry professionals. However, the performance of and advocacy for green buildings would benefit from a green building literate general public. Green building education is an expanding frontier for STEM education and can create opportunities to integrate science and environmental literacies into the study of everyday environments. Few resources exist, however, to help STEM educators incorporate green building themes into the science classroom. The work here developed educational tools for connecting green buildings and science education through a multi-step process. An interdisciplinary literature review yielded a series of frameworks that were improved through two focus groups with science and environmental educators and built environment professionals. The result of this process is a toolbox of conceptual frameworks for educators interested in using a systems-based approach to teach about green buildings as sites for complex interactions between human activity and Earth systems. The work here first leverages the broad definition of environmental literacy (knowledge, skills, affect, and behavior) to advance a working definition for “green building literacy.” Next, major domains of green building knowledge are developed and linked to the Next Generation Science Standards. Green building literacy has been an ill-defined term and green building themes have not been rigorously connected to science and environmental education. The work here provides a foundation for promoting green building literacy through K-12 STEM education. The educational tools developed through this process can be used as a starting point for lesson planning to catalyze green building education in a variety of formal and informal settings.
Cytosporone E: racemic synthesis and preliminary antibacterial testing

The antibiotic cytosporone E (isolated from the broth of the endophytic fungi CR 200 (Cytospora sp.) and CR 146 (Diaporthe sp.)) was synthesized as a racemic mixture. The key step in the synthesis is the Meyers ortho-alkylation of a chiral aromatic oxazoline. Preliminary antibiotic activity shows antibiosis against Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negative bacteria as previously reported.
Something out of nothing: a Bayesian learning computational model for the social construction of value

ABSTRACTThis article develops a formalism for the social construction of value. Using a model based on Bayesian agents, it demonstrates how “something” arises out of “nothing” via the emergence of ...
A complex population: Nurse's professional preparedness to care for medical-surgical patients with mental illness.

Abstract Globally, patients with the co-morbidity of physical and mental illness experience greater health complexities than the general population. Yet nurses caring for medical-surgical patients with a secondary diagnosis of mental illness are often unprepared for these complexities. This paper focuses on professional experiences from a more extensive parent study that evaluated components of nursing preparedness (nursing care self-efficacy and mental health care competency) to provide care for medical-surgical patients who also have mental illness. The parent study explored characteristics of variables (personal, educational and professional) more frequently associated with and more predictive of nursing preparedness. Discussed will be the findings from characteristics of professional experiences that best indicated nurse preparedness to care for medical-surgical patients with mental illness. A descriptive correlational design was used with a convenience sample of RNs (N = 260) from a tertiary health system in the south-eastern United States. Findings significantly indicated three characteristics of professional experiences - mentoring, frequency of care and continuing education – best prepare a registered nurse to care for this complex population. Further research is necessary to locate, grow and develop mentors and to construct accessible, affordable continuing education regarding care of this population for a prepared nursing workforce and work environment.
Chapter 18 – Gliogenesis

The term gliogenesis refers to the formation of glial cells from their multipotent stem cells. Gliogenesis is important especially in the developmental stage to construct brain structure. But gliogenesis may continue in adult brain and participate in both maintaining functional homeostasis under physiological conditions and repairing damaged brain tissues under pathophysiological conditions. Brain pathophysiology is generally influenced by the balance between deleterious versus beneficial responses to the initial insult. Stroke and brain injury trigger a wide spectrum of neurovascular perturbations, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal cell death cascades. But at the same time, many endogenous neuroprotective responses, such as compensatory gliogenesis, may also be induced. Studies have revealed that even adult brains contain multiple stem cells of various lineages, which may provide plastic capabilities for regeneration and recovery after brain injury. This chapter aims to understand basic mechanisms for adult gliogenesis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Relationships between traditional larval indices and meteorological factors with the adult density of Aedes albopictus captured by BG-mosquito trap

Objectives Larval indices have been used for Ae. albopictus surveillance for many years, while there is limited use in assessing dengue transmission risk and adult mosquito emergence. This study is aimed to explore the relationships between larval indices and the Ae. albopictus density captured by BG-mosquito trap (BG-trap) method, with considering the meteorological factors. Methods Data on larval density, adult mosquito density and meteorology factors were collected in an entomological survey carried out in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province of China in 2018. The Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson correlation were used for the analysis on the correlation of density indices. Generalized additive models were established to analyze the influencing factors of mosquito density. Results Breteau index (BI), House index (HI) and Container index (CI) were highly correlated with each other (r>0.7, p<0.05). The Ae. albopictus density was significantly correlated with CI (rs = 0.260, p<0.05), CI pre one week (rs = 0.259, p<0.05), and CI pre three weeks (rs = 0.329, p<0.05). BI was correlated with female Ae. albopictus density pre 4 weeks (r = -0.299, p<0.05). Female Ae. albopictus density was correlated with CI pre 3 weeks (rs = 0.303, p<0.05). The influencing factors of BI were average wind speed pre 1 week, average temperature and female Ae. albopictus density pre 4 weeks. The influencing factors of CI were average humidity pre 3 weeks and average temperature. The influencing factors of HI were average temperature and precipitation pre 4 weeks. The influencing factor of Ae. albopictus density and female Ae. albopictus density was temperature. Conclusions The adult Ae. albopictus density had low correlation with certain larval indices. Some of the meteorology factors played significant roles in the density of adult Ae. albopictus and larva with or without a time lag.
Understanding the drivers and implications of remote work from the local perspective: An exploratory study into the dis/reembedding dynamics

Abstract Transformations in the institutional environment and advances in technological infrastructures have led to a rise in remote work with implications for local environments. While there is significant literature on the social and spatial effects of telecommuting, the growth of remote work warrants a holistic analysis of its specific implications for local economic and community life. Drawing on interviews with representatives of 22 firms in one state, this exploratory study examines how locational factors drive firms' remote work utilization. Together with an analysis of interviews with 12 remote employees, it also examines how remote work arrangements are modifying firms' and employees’ connections to the local environment. The firm interviews indicate that remote work is increasingly utilized as a strategy to overcome regional talent acquisition challenges. The analysis reveals that remote work utilization can rework or attenuate the local economic and social linkages of remote-utilizing firms and remote employees. These findings suggest that the dynamics of remote work in local environments entail processes of disembedding and reeembedding, moderated by organizational and contextual factors. By situating questions and findings in relation to local contexts, this study details how firm dynamics and work-life patterns associated with remote work introduce opportunities and challenges for community and economic development efforts.
Chapter 7 – Methodology

Publisher Summary This chapter describes how discovery of cellular spaces with various properties may be expedited by online interaction with a general purpose digital computer. It also describes some of the tests made on the cellular space to check that it does behave as claimed. The cellular spaces under investigation at experimental stage are those with from two to eight states per cell and 90°-rotation-symmetric neighborhoods with five or nine elements. The end result of the experimental stage is the 8-state, 5-neighbor cellular space. The transition function for this space is subjected to larger scale tests. Two major tests were carried out. Both were completed successfully in all regard. The first test involved the construction—in completely passive form and at an initially quiescent site—of part of the universal computer-constructor. The components tested in this way included the injection receiver, periodic emitter, signal transformer type 456, and one-way lock. The second major test was concerned with the operations sense and waits, cap after sense, and erase.
When it’s safer to walk away: Urban, low opportunity emerging adults’ willingness to use bystander behaviors in response to community and dating violence

Abstract Bystander intervention programs are viewed as innovative community-level responses to sexual and dating violence among adolescents and young adults (Banyard, 2014; McMahon & Farmer, 2009; Moynihan et al., 2015; Storer et al., 2017). At the school and community level, factors such as social cohesion, collective efficacy, and exposure to community violence have been found to influence use of bystander behaviors (Edwards et al., 2014; Lucero et al., 2019; McMahon, 2015; Rothman et al., 2019). Despite the explosion of literature examining the efficacy of bystander interventions, most study populations are on college and high school campuses. There has been limited exploration of the feasibility of such programs among disadvantaged youth in resource-poor communities not affiliated with formal school or work settings (i.e., low opportunity youth). The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate these emerging adults’ willingness to use bystander behaviors in response to witnessing dating and community violence. Data were collected from six focus groups at three youth-serving agencies in New Orleans. Participants were aged 17–22 (n = 39) and both male- and female-identified; the majority identified as African American. All participants were involved with community-based organizations with missions to positively engage emerging adults. Our exploratory thematic content analysis involved multiple rounds of inductive coding. Once we applied codes to the data, we employed matrices to construct key social processes both within and across the focus groups. Across the focus groups, participants described community environments that exposed them to racial injustice and to community, police-perpetrated, and intimate partner violence. Participants reported an overarching reluctance to utilize bystander behaviors. Although the participants did not condone these acts of violence, they perceived intervention to be dangerous due to retaliatory violence and/or they equated bystander behaviors to “snitching.” Participants were more willing to intervene in instances of extreme violence and when the incident involved a friend or family member. This study illustrates the intricate ways community violence and complex trauma influence emerging adults’ willingness to intervene in instances of community and dating violence. These findings challenge the idea that existing bystander intervention models can account for the multitude of community-level barriers faced by low opportunity emerging adults with trauma backgrounds when deciding to use bystander intervention behaviors.
Rethinking Formal Rulemaking

Formal rulemaking requires agencies to make policy through a process akin to a trial; it involves cross-examination, burdens of proof, and a bar on ex parte communications. The idea is that formal procedures can help create better substantive policy. This form of rulemaking, however, is almost never used anymore. Instead, informal rulemaking?which is conducted through written comments, with no trial-like procedures?is now essentially the only type of rulemaking used. For more than three decades, scholars have largely rejected formal rulemaking as unduly cumbersome and thus have applauded the shift to informal rulemaking. This article argues that while formal rulemaking may not be appropriate in all instances, it merits experimentation. Upon careful review, many of the arguments against formal rulemaking do not withstand scrutiny.
Enhanced energy harvesting near exceptional points in systems with (pseudo-)PT-symmetry

Exceptional point degeneracies, occurring in non-Hermitian systems, have challenged many well established concepts and led to the development of remarkable technologies. Here, we propose a family of autonomous motors whose operational principle relies on exceptional points via the opportune implementation of a (pseudo-)PT-symmetry and its spontaneous or explicit violation. These motors demonstrate a parameter domain of coexisting high efficiency and maximum work. In the photonic framework, they can be propelled by thermal radiation from the ambient thermal reservoirs and utilized as autonomous self-powered microrobots, or as micro-pumps for microfluidics in biological environments. The same designs can be also implemented with electromechanical elements for harvesting ambient mechanical (e.g., vibrational) noise for powering a variety of auxiliary systems. We expect that our proposal will contribute to the research agenda of energy harvesting by introducing concepts from mathematical and non-Hermitian wave physics. Optimising energy harvesting is relevant to a variety of micro and nanotechnologies with applications ranging from self powered nanodevices to microfluidic pumps in biological environments. Here, the authors show that an opportunely designed opto(/electro)-mechanical circuit can simultaneously demonstrate high efficiency and power production when operating in the vicinity of an exceptional point degeneracy implemented via a pseudo-PT symmetry.
The Fortification of New York City: Post-9/11 Memorialization and the Localization of the War on Terror

This chapter studies New York’s post-9/11 agency. In the wake of the terrorist attacks, our analysis shows how New York went through three stages—woundedness, resilience, and arrogance—that have shaped its personality in powerful ways. After nearly a decade of organizational disputation about how to remember, the New York Police Department emerged as the dominant actor in the shaping of New York’s post-9/11 character as a twenty-first-century police city.
Prediction of Neural Diameter From Morphology to Enable Accurate Simulation.

Accurate neuron morphologies are paramount for computational model simulations of realistic neural responses. Over the last decade, the online repository NeuroMorpho.Org has collected over 140,000 available neuron morphologies to understand brain function and promote interaction between experimental and computational research. Neuron morphologies describe spatial aspects of neural structure; however, many of the available morphologies do not contain accurate diameters that are essential for computational simulations of electrical activity. To best utilize available neuron morphologies, we present a set of equations that predict dendritic diameter from other morphological features. To derive the equations, we used a set of NeuroMorpho.org archives with realistic neuron diameters, representing hippocampal pyramidal, cerebellar Purkinje, and striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Each morphology is separated into initial, branching children, and continuing nodes. Our analysis reveals that the diameter of preceding nodes, Parent Diameter, is correlated to diameter of subsequent nodes for all cell types. Branching children and initial nodes each required additional morphological features to predict diameter, most commonly path length to soma and longest path to terminal end. Model simulations reveal that membrane potential response with predicted diameters was similar to the original response for several tested morphologies. Predictions that use the original diameter of initial nodes improved the membrane potential response, so that the difference from the simulations of the original morphology was reduced to an average of 20%. We provide our open source software to extend the utility of available NeuroMorpho.org morphologies, and suggest predictive equations may supplement morphologies that lack dendritic diameter and improve model simulations with realistic dendritic diameter.
Risk factors in alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Although a relationship has been suggested between abstinence from alcohol and improvement in left ventricular (LV) function, no long-term studies in large groups of patients have been done to confirm this impression or to demonstrate an effect on survival. To address these questions, the authors analyzed the outcome in 105 male patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and 64 control male patients with nonalcoholic dilated cardiomyopathy. Survival data were available for all patients. The correlates of survival were assessed via the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables considered were age, race, drinking pattern (current drinker versus former drinker), presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and diabetes, and these echo variables: left atrial (LA) size, posterior wall thickness, LV end diastolic dimension (LVDD), minimal E point septal separation, wall motion, presence of incomplete mitral leaflet closure (IMLC) or low cardiac output, and the ratio of relative wall thickness to LVDD. The two study groups were comparable with respect to all echocardiographic variables. At a mean follow-up of 17.2 months +/- 12.1 months, 42.85% of the alcoholics and 41% of the nonalcoholics had died. Nonsurvival in the alcoholic group was significantly associated with only two factors: an increased LVDD and the presence of IMLC. The drinking pattern was not significantly associated with survival. By contrast, in the nonalcoholics,the variables most closely related to survival were LVDD, low cardiac output, increasing age, and abnormal wall motion. Therefore: (1) the risk factors in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cardiomyopathy are similar although IMLC appears to be a relatively specific prognostic factor for alcoholic cardiomyopathy and (2) abstinence from alcohol does not appear to improve survival.
Prostate cancer patients’ self-reported participation in research: an examination of racial/ethnic disparities

We examined prostate cancer patients’ participation in research and associated factors by race/ethnicity in a multiethnic sample. Men with a new diagnosis of prostate cancer were identified through the California Cancer Registry. Patients completed a cross-sectional telephone interview in English, Spanish, Cantonese or Mandarin. Multivariable logistic regression models, stratified by race/ethnicity, estimated the associations of patient demographic and health characteristics with participation in (1) any research, (2) behavioral research, and (3) biological/clinical research. We included 855 prostate cancer patients: African American (19%), Asian American (15%), Latino (24%), and White (42%). In the overall model of participation in any research, African American men (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.54, 95% CI 1.63–3.94), and those with two or more comorbidities (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.27–3.80) were more likely to report participation. Men 65 years old and older (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.91), those who were married or living with a partner (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.98), and those who completed the interview in Spanish (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.85) were less likely to report participating in any research. Stratified analyses identified racial/ethnic-specific sociodemographic characteristics associated with lower research participation, including Spanish or Chinese language, older age, and lower education. African American prostate cancer patients reported higher research participation than all other groups. However, recruitment efforts are still needed to overcome barriers to participation for Spanish and Chinese speakers, and barriers among older adults and those with lower education levels.
Game Redesign in No-regret Game Playing

We study the game redesign problem in which an external designer has the ability to change the payoff function in each round, but incurs a design cost for deviating from the original game. The players apply no-regret learning algorithms to repeatedly play the changed games with limited feedback. The goals of the designer are to (i) incentivize all players to take a specific target action profile frequently; and (ii) incur small cumulative design cost. We present game redesign algorithms with the guarantee that the target action profile is played in T-o(T) rounds while incurring only o(T) cumulative design cost. Game redesign describes both positive and negative applications: a benevolent designer who incentivizes players to take a target action profile with better social welfare compared to the solution of the original game, or a malicious attacker whose target action profile benefits themselves but not the players. Simulations on four classic games confirm the effectiveness of our proposed redesign algorithms.