cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of zeaxanthin in blue light photoreception and the modulation of light-CO2 interactions in guard cells

The stomatal response to blue light is an intrinsic component of the sensory transducing processes mediating light-stimulated stomatal movements. Guard cell chloroplasts have a specific blue light response with an action spectrum that resembles the action spectrum for blue light-stimulated stomatal opening, suggesting a role of guard cell chloroplasts in the sensory transduction of blue light. The xanthophyll, zeaxanthin has recently been identified as a blue light photoreceptor in guard cells. The inhibitor of zeaxanthin formation, dithiothreitol, inhibits zeaxanthin formation and the stomatal response to blue light in a concentration-dependent fashion. In greenhouse-grown leaves, guard cell zeaxanthin content closely tracks incident radiation and it is positively correlated with stomatal apertures. The sensitivity of guard cells to blue light co-varies with guard cell zeaxanthin content. A zeaxanthin-less mutant of Arabidopsis is devoid of a typical stomatal response to blue light. At constant light and temperature, changes in ambient [CO 2 ] in a growth chamber caused large changes in stomata aperture and in guard cell zeaxanthin. The aperture-zeaxanthin changes were linearly related over a wide range of [CO 2 ]. Experiments with detached epidermis showed a similar relation among [CO 2 ], stomatal apertures and guard cell zeaxanthin, and DTT inhibited the CO 2 response in the light without altering the CO 2 response in the dark. These results indicate that blue light sensing by guard cell zeaxanthin has a regulatory role in the light response of stomata. Zeaxanthin also appears to mediate light-CO 2 interactions in guard cells.
Neural Network Based Model for Predicting Housing Market Performance

Abstract The United States real estate market is currently facing its worst hit in two decades due to the slowdown of housing sales. The most affected by this decline are real estate investors and home developers who are currently struggling to break-even financially on their investments. For these investors, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current status of the market and predict its performance over the short-term in order to make appropriate financial decisions. This paper presents the development of artificial neural network based models to support real estate investors and home developers in this critical task. The paper describes the decision variables, design methodology, and the implementation of these models. The models utilize historical market performance data sets to train the artificial neural networks in order to predict unforeseen future performances. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the model capabilities in analyzing and predicting the market performance. The model testing and validation showed that the error in prediction is in the range between−2% and +2%.
Atomistic simulation of hillock growth

This paper explores the mechanisms of hillock and whisker growth in stressed polycrystalline films by molecular dynamics simulations. The initial geometry consists of three grains with a triple line aligned perpendicular to a free surface, plus a fourth pyramidal-shaped grain implanted between the triple line and the surface. This simulated grain geometry corresponds to that observed in experiments during hillock and whisker growth, with the fourth grain serving as a seed for hillock growth. The simulations, performed under an applied in-plane biaxial compression, reveal an upward motion and growth of the seed grain. The growth occurs by stress-driven grain boundary diffusion from below the seed grain onto some of its internal faces. Accretion of atoms to those faces pushes the seed grain upwards and sideways. The different diffusion and accretion rates at different boundaries also give rise to internal stresses, which can be partially accommodated by grain boundary motion coupled to shear deformation. The hillock growth is countered by surface diffusion, which can slow the growth or even suppress it completely. Other mechanisms involved in hillock growth are also discussed.
Optimal Stochastic Approximation Algorithms for Strongly Convex Stochastic Composite Optimization, II: Shrinking Procedures and Optimal Algorithms

In this paper we study new stochastic approximation (SA) type algorithms, namely, the accelerated SA (AC-SA), for solving strongly convex stochastic composite optimization (SCO) problems. Specifically, by introducing a domain shrinking procedure, we significantly improve the large-deviation results associated with the convergence rate of a nearly optimal AC-SA algorithm presented by Ghadimi and Lan in [SIAM J. Optim., 22 (2012), pp 1469--1492]. Moreover, we introduce a multistage AC-SA algorithm, which possesses an optimal rate of convergence for solving strongly convex SCO problems in terms of the dependence on not only the target accuracy, but also a number of problem parameters and the selection of initial points. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such an optimal method has been presented in the literature. From our computational results, these AC-SA algorithms can substantially outperform the classical SA and some other SA type algorithms for solving certain classes of strongly...
Dynamic Analysis of Rubbing Rotor System Based on Hertz Contact Theory

When discussing the rubbing issue of rotor system, the effect of nonlinear rubbing force is needed to be considered. In this paper, modeling and numerical simulation were carried out by using the nonlinear rubbing force based on Hertz contact theory, and researching the dynamic response of fault rotor system in the conditions of the different rubbing stiffness. Through the analysis we found that, in the case of larger rubbing stiffness the result simulated by using rubbing force model based on Hertz contact theory has stronger nonlinear and more obvious rubbing feature, compared to the rubbing model of linear stiffness. It is beneficial to determine the occurrence of rubbing. Refer to the relevant experimental results, the correctness of the Hertz rubbing model and the feasibility of applying it in the modeling of rubbing rotor system were confirmed.
A study of Fermat's last theorem.

This work is intended primarily for the student of mathematics who may not necessarily wish to delve into the complete theory of the problem. but who may wish to get a picture of the work necessary to study and understand it. For a complete history of the problem until 1919, refer to Chapter XXVI of Dickson's History of the Theory of Numbers, II, and for the work primarily connected with Irregular Cyclotomic Fields and Fermat's Last Theorem through part of 1927, refer to Algebraic Numbers, II, National Research Council Bulletin, 62. For a Short presentation of the problem refer to Mordell, Three Lectures on Fermat's Last Theorem. For a more detailed analysis of the methods used to work on this problem refer to Bachmann, Das Fermatproblem. The author of this treatise has attempted to cover certain points. First, to give the nature of Fermat's Last Theorem. Second, an introduction. which will contain some historical facts of the Last Theorem, a reference to the mathematical development which resulted from this problem and its status at the present. Third, a detailed account of the method of infinite descent. The cases n = 3, 4. 5 are used to show this method of attack. For n = 5 the procedure is that of Dirichlet. In order that a better understanding may be secured of various steps in his proof. all the theorems of his article are reproduced without proof. Fourth. an introduction to the theory of ideals. This is not an exhaustive study of ideals but an attempt to aid the beginner to understand them.
Apixaban for the Secondary Prevention of Thrombosis Among Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Study Rationale and Design (ASTRO-APS).

Background:Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilia characterized by thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity, and the presence of characteristic antibodies. Current therapy for patients having APS with a history of thrombosis necessitates anticoagulation with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin, a challenging drug to manage. Apixaban, approved for the treatment and prevention of venous thrombosis with a low rate of bleeding observed, has never been studied among patients with APS.Aims and Methods:We report study rationale and design of Apixaban for the Secondary Prevention of Thrombosis Among Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome (ASTRO-APS), a prospective randomized open-label blinded event pilot study that will randomize patients with a clinical diagnosis of APS receiving therapeutic anticoagulation to either adjusted-dose warfarin or apixaban 2.5 mg twice a day. We aim to report our ability to identify, recruit, randomize, and retain patients with APS randomized to apixaban compared with wa...
Manifold clustering

Manifold learning has become a vital tool in data driven methods for interpretation of video, motion capture, and handwritten character data when they lie on a low dimensional, nonlinear manifold. This work extends manifold learning to classify and parameterize unlabeled data which lie on multiple, intersecting manifolds. This approach significantly increases the domain to which manifold learning methods can be applied, allowing parameterization of example manifolds such as figure eights and intersecting paths which are quite common in natural data sets. This approach introduces several technical contributions which may be of broader interest, including node-weighted multidimensional scaling and a fast algorithm for weighted low-rank approximation for rank-one weight matrices. We show examples for intersecting manifolds of mixed topology and dimension and demonstrations on human motion capture data.
Notes on Coprophilous Myxomycetes from the Western United States

Twenty-six known species of coprophilous Myxomycetes were collected in the western United States. One additional species is described as new to science. Seven species are considered rare and/or represent new state records. The material cited was deposited in the Herbarium of California State University, Chico (C), the Herbarium of the University of California at Berkeley (UC), or the private herbarium of either D. T. Kowalski (DTK) or K. D. Whitney (KDW).
A Human-centered Credit-banking System for Convenient, Fair and Secure Carpooling Among Members of an Association

Abstract This paper proposes an unconventional carpool-matching system concept that is different from existing systems with four innovative operational features: (F1) The proposed matching system will be used by members of an association and sponsored by the association, e.g., the employees of a company, members of a homeowner association, employees of a shopping center. This expands the scope beyond commute trips. Such associations can also voluntarily form alliances to increase the number of possible carpool partners and geographical reach. (F2) Service provided by a driver or received by a rider incurs credit or debt to a bank centrally and fairly managed by the association, rather than to each other. This removes requirement for service reciprocation by the rider(s) of a carpool to the driver of a carpool and hence frees partners of a carpool from long-term commitment; it also removes requirement for payment. (F3) Together with new security-inspired real-time information technologies, the common affiliation with an association can significantly alleviate the insecurity factor. (F4) When a rider belongs to two such associations, e.g., employee and homeowner associations, a rider's trip can be completed with a transfer by two drivers, one from each association. The service-system concept was motivated by an exclusive focus on human needs for convenience, fairness, security and user-friendliness, to maximize the potential of carpooling. We report on a software prototype already developed to demonstrate (F1) and (F2) and also suggest future enhancements. We also illustrate the complexity of the mathematical problems with a brief specification of an optimal matching problem.
Effect of changes in extracellular potassium on intracellular pH in principal cells of frog skin.

Intracellular pH (pHi), apical membrane potential (Va), and fractional apical membrane resistance (FRa) were measured in principal cells of isolated frog skin (Rana pipiens) with double-barreled microelectrodes under short-circuit and open-circuit conditions. Basolateral exposure to high K+ concentration or Ba2+ depolarized V(a), decreased short-circuit current, and increased FRa and pHi. However, an increase in K+ subsequent to Ba2+ application did not induce additional changes in these parameters. High basolateral K+, previously shown to increase apical K+ secretion (N. S. Bricker, T. Biber, and H. H. Ussing. J. Clin. Invest. 41: 88-99, 1963), also increased apical Na+ conductance. The depolarization and intracellular alkalinization induced by high K+ were also observed in absence of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- and in presence of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. Under all these conditions pHi moved toward electrochemical equilibrium. Reduced basolateral K+ hyperpolarized V(a) and decreased pHi....
Multiple objective decision making models and applications: Using the analytical hierarchy process to select a financing instrument for a foreign investment

The purpose of this paper is to apply the Analytical Heirarchy Process Model in selecting an instrument to finance a foreign direct investment. As with other finance decisions, risk and return are evaluated before the appropriate instrument is chosen. The model allows for several character sets to be evaluated. Included in this analysis are the nature of the investment, the financial instruments available and their characteristics. The set of elements needed to be financed are characterized by the amount and nature of the asset. Relevant factors in evaluating the instruments are: costs of borrowing and risks associated with the instrument. The set of financing instruments to be evaluated include a local institutional loan, international capital market loan, international capital market bond, and internally generated funds. This model, developed by Thomas Saaty (Saaty 1980), can be used to solve multicriteria problems by the use of a subjective scale to quantify decision factors.
Olfaction and the EEG: Old Paradigms and New Approaches

Electrophysiology has been applied to the study of many human senses with outstanding success. Vision, audition, the somatosensory system, and even the vestibular system have been studied extensively and fruitfully using the electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs). The application of these techniques to taste and smell has similar promise. Unfortunately, chemosensory stimuli can be difficult to control and, because precise stimulus control is essential for ERP studies, data of this type have been difficult to obtain in many clinical settings. Alternative electrophysiological techniques are available that offer flexibility and good correlations with traditional psychophysical measures.
Classical Discourse: Imperial Dimensions

If there is abundant reason to believe that classical education engendered in Britain’s elites a sense of the importance and relevance of classical antiquity to contemporary life, there remains the matter of tracing how such general sentiments contributed to specific conceptions of empire during the long 19th century. The necessary first step is to sift classical discourse for themes and trends with an imperial dimension. It is easy enough to find period representations of antiquity containing ‘imperial’ elements, but somewhat more difficult to determine with certainty which ones best exemplify the common, or dominant, understanding of antiquity. It is even more difficult to determine exactly how particular understandings, and the representations they spawned, came to be. Did they spring full formed from the hoary brows of ancient sources? Were they a palimpsest of contemporary concerns and values over ancient texts? Or did they emerge from a process that slid to and fro on the spectrum between these poles?
Surgery Start Time Does Not Impact Outcome in Elective Cardiac Surgery.

Objective Determine if surgery start time impacts patient outcomes in elective cardiac surgery. Design This was a retrospective study. Setting This study was based at a single academic institution. Participants Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery over a 3-year period were included. Interventions There were no interventions. Measurements and Main Results The authors performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery over a 3-year period. They divided their patient groups into those who had an anesthesia start time between 6:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. and those who had an anesthesia start time between 4:01 p.m. and 5:59 a.m. In the original sample and propensity-score-matched groups, the authors examined the effects of start time on morbidity, mortality, and several metrics of hospital length of stay. The start time of elective cardiac surgery did not have a statistically significant effect upon mortality, individual or composite morbidity, or hospital length of stay in either the original sample or the propensity-score-matched sample. Conclusions The authors’ results suggested that elective cardiac surgery may be performed late at night without adverse effects, although institutional support for this effort (such as 24-hour intensivist coverage to facilitate fast-track extubation) may have been integral to their findings.
Mass-Market Consumer Fraud: Who is Most Susceptible to Becoming a Victim?

This paper attempts to add to the understanding of what makes consumers more likely to become victims of fraud. More specifically, we sought to identify personal characteristics that were correlated with being more likely to become a victim. To do this, we conducted a survey using members of an Internet panel. Participants were shown two of six mock print advertisements that advertised products in one of three different product categories. The claims in three of the ads – one each for a weight-loss product, an employment opportunity, and a Caribbean vacation – were sufficiently outrageous that they would likely only be found in advertising for a fraudulent offering. The other three ads, which were for the same three products, contained only more-plausible claims for the products.Focusing on the likely-fraudulent ads, we identified several characteristics that were correlated with a person being susceptible to consumer fraud, which was defined as being very likely to purchase the likely-fraudulent product if the ad was real or finding the likely-fraudulent ad to be very credible. These characteristics included consumer literacy, skepticism, overconfidence, taking time to think about the answer to a question rather than accepting the immediate – but actually incorrect – answer, and willingness to take risks. We also found that many of the characteristics that affect consumers’ evaluations of a likely-fraudulent ad also affect their evaluations of a more-plausible ad.
Cognitive Issues in the Evolution of GIS User Knowledge

Human-computer interaction with a geographic information system (GIS) is in large part based on carrying out cognitive actions from a store of GIS user knowledge. GIS user knowledge has a problem domain component and a tool domain component, both of which must work together to facilitate productive cognitive action. Spatial primitives underlie each of the knowledge domains; these primitives are essential building blocks for the knowledge. Three levels of knowledge — declarative, procedural and configurational — can be described for each of the knowledge domains. The knowledge levels are embedded, i.e. declarative underlies procedural and procedural underlies (is embedded in) configurational. A model of cognitive processing is developed based on these assumptions. The model shows how mental models could develop at each of the knowledge levels, with the character of a mental model being more sophisticated at each of the corresponding levels. Levels of cognitive control are then discussed that make use of the same cognitive processing model. The levels of cognitive control are described in light of the differences in cognitive steps required to process information.
What Is Important for Confirming Negative Margins When Resecting Mandibular Ameloblastomas

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of intraoperative radiographs and frozen sections in achieving negative margins and preventing recurrence of mandibular ameloblastomas. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent resection (≥1 cm) of mandibular ameloblastomas from 2005 through 2015. Patients were included if they had at least 1-year follow-up and complete records. Demographic variables included age, gender, and type of resection (segmental vs marginal). Predictor variables were type of margin assessment: 1) frozen section, 2) intraoperative ex vivo specimen radiograph, 3) both, or 4) none. The outcome variables were final margin status and recurrence rate. Accuracy of intraoperative radiographic margins was determined by comparison with histologic margin distance. Descriptive statistics were conducted with the Fisher exact test. Results The study sample consisted of 35 patients (47.5 ± 20.4 yr old; 16 men) who underwent 25 segmental and 10 marginal resections. Ten had frozen sections only, 3 had ex vivo specimen radiographs only, 10 had no intraoperative measurements, and 12 had both. There were no positive frozen sections. One patient had a positive posterior bony margin at final pathology despite negative frozen section histology. There was no difference in recurrence rate at latest follow-up among cohorts. The anterior radiographic margin was 11.8 ± 5.9 mm compared with 11.5 ± 7.5 mm by histology ( P = .124). The posterior radiographic margin was 12.3 ± 5.3 mm compared with 9.8 ± 6.5 mm histologically ( P = .546). Margin distances that were at least 5 mm when measured with specimen radiographs had histologic margin distances of at least 5 mm in 25 of 30 resection margins (83.3%). Conclusion Resection of ameloblastoma with planned margins of at least 1 cm is sufficient to prevent recurrence of ameloblastoma. Achieving a radiographic margin of at least 5 mm provided a histologic margin of at least 5 mm 83.3% of the time.
A realistic model for charged strange quark stars

We report a general approach to solve an Einstein-Maxwell system to describe a static spherically symmetric anisotropic strange matter distribution with linear equation of state in terms of two generating functions. It is examined by choosing Tolmann IV type potential for one of the gravitational potentials and a physically reasonable choice for the electric field. Hence, the generated model satisfies all the required major physical properties of a realistic star. The effect of electric charge on physical properties is highlighted.
Histogram of Oriented Directional Features for Robust Face Recognition

This paper presents an illumination invariant face recognition system that uses directional features and modular histogram. The proposed Histogram of Oriented Directional Features HODF produces multi-region histograms for each face image, then concatenates these histograms to form the final feature vector. This feature vector is used to recognize the face image by the help of k nearest neighbors classifier KNN. The edge responses and the relationship among pixels are very important and play the main role for improving the face recognition accuracy. Therefore, this work presents the effectiveness of using different directional masks for detecting the edge responses on face recognition accuracy, such as Prewitt kernels, Kirsch masks, Sobel kernels, and Gaussian derivative masks. The performance evaluation of the proposed HODF algorithm is conducted on several publicly available databases and observed promising recognition rates.
Heterogeneous integration of low-temperature metal-oxide TFTs

The breadth of circuit fabrication opportunities enabled by metal-oxide thin-film transistors (MO-TFTs) is unprecedented. Large-area deposition techniques and high electron mobility are behind their adoption in the display industry, and substrate agnosticism and low process temperatures enabled the present wave of flexible electronics research. Reports of circuits involving complementaryMO-TFTs, oxide-organic hybrid combinations, and even MO-TFTs integrated onto Si LSI back end of line interconnects demonstrate this technology’s utility in 2D and 3D monolithic heterogeneous integration (HI). In addition to a brief literature review focused on functional HI between MO-TFTs and a variety of dissimilar active devices, we share progress toward integrating MO-TFTs with compound semiconductor devices, namely GaN HEMTs. A monolithically integrated cascode topology was used to couple a HEMT’s >200 V breakdown characteristic with the gate driving characteristic of an IGZO TFT, effectively shifting the HEMT threshold voltage from -3 V to +1 V.
Experimental Comparison of Open Source Vision-Based State Estimation Algorithms

The problem of state estimation using primarily visual data has received a lot of attention in the last decade. Several open source packages have appeared addressing the problem, each supported by impressive demonstrations. Applying any of these packages on a new dataset however, has been proven extremely challenging. Suboptimal performance, loss of localization, and challenges in customization have not produced a clear winner. Several other research groups have presented superb performance without releasing the code, sometimes materializing as commercial products. In this paper, ten of the most promising open source packages are evaluated, by cross validating them on the datasets provided for each package and by testing them on eight different datasets collected over the years in our laboratory. Indoor and outdoor, terrestrial and flying vehicles, in addition to underwater robots, cameras, and buoys were used to collect data. An analysis on the motions required for the different approaches and an evaluation of their performance is presented.
Evaluation of Zero-TE-based attenuation correction methods on PET quantification of PET/MRI head and neck lesions

Quantitative PET image reconstruction requires an accurate map of photon attenuation coefficients (μ-map) in order to correct the PET emission data. Current PET/MR imaging systems use methods based on MR image segmentation with subsequent assignment of empirical attenuation coefficients. In this study we examine the differences in the quantification of 18F-FDG standardized uptake values (SUV) in head and neck cancer, using two different MR imaging sequences for MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC): a zero echo time (ZTE) sequence which can image bone directly (ZTE-MRAC), and a vendor-provided 2-point Dixon sequence that neglects bone (Dixon-MRAC). The μ-maps from each MRAC techniques were compared to CT-based attenuation correction (CTAC) maps. Percent SUV-mean and SUV-max differences in relevant regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated for three patients. Relative to Dixon-MRAC, we observed 15±7% and 14±8% increase of SUV-mean and SUV-max, respectively, when ZTE-based bone information was incorporated in the attenuation map and using Dixon-based attenuation map, respectively. We also observed that use of Dixon-MRAC led to 7±7% and 8±8% underestimation of SUV-mean and SUV-max, respectively, whereas with ZTE-MRAC led to 6±8% and 5±8% higher SUV-mean and SUV-max, respectively, compared to CTAC. This study is the first demonstration of ZTE-based attenuation correction in the head and neck region and compared with CTAC as a gold standard with the goal of improving PET quantitation. The study shows that incorporation of bone information on μ-maps has a significant impact on SUV quantitation in head and neck cancer lesions.
Molecular Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts

Abstract The molecular structure of the surface vanadium oxide species present on different oxide supports (TiO 2 , γ-Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 ) were determined by laser Raman spectroscopy and 51 V solid state NMR under hydrated and dehydrated conditions. The structure of the vanadium oxide species changes with dehydration and a four coordinated vanadium oxide species with a short terminal bond was present on all oxide supports considered. The reactivity of the supported vanadium oxide catalysts was determined via the methanol oxidation reaction. Correlation of the structure and reactivity data indicate the strength of the bridging, vanadium-oxygen-support, bond to be controlling the activity of these supported vanadium oxide catalysts. The effect of promoters/impurities on 1% V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 catalyst depends on their acid/base nature. Basic promoters titrate the vanadium oxide site and destroy the vanadium-oxygen-support bond of the parent 1% V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 . Acidic promoters/impurities coordinate to the support and do not show any appreciable change to the structure, reactivity, and the vanadium-oxygen-support bond of the parent 1% V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 .
The Effect of Axial Loading on Ulnar Variance.

Background Forearm rotation results in change in ulnar variance. Axial loading of the wrist is required to maintain daily activities. Change in ulnar variance during axial loading has not been investigated previously. Purpose To measure the change in ulnar variance on axially loaded wrists. Patients and Methods We examined 21 asymptomatic individuals and 24 patients with unilateral ulnar-sided wrist pain. All patients underwent standard neutral posteroanterior wrist radiographs without load and under axial loading on bilateral wrists. Axial loading was standardized at 18.1 kgf using an analog weight scale. A magnetic resonance (MR) arthrogram was obtained only in patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain. Beighton flexibility score was recorded on healthy volunteers. Change in ulnar variance between 0 and 18.1 kgf was compared for each wrist among all subjects. A correlation was sought between the change in ulnar variance, MR arthrogram findings, and physical examination. Results In individuals without wrist pain, on average, 0.4 mm increase in ulnar variance was measured between 0 and 18.1 kgf. There was no difference between the dominant and nondominant side. No correlation was found with increasing age. In contrast, patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain displayed an average increase of 0.8 mm in ulnar variance. Compared with the contralateral wrist, more than 1 mm increase in ulnar variance was correlated with intra-articular pathologies including dorsoulnar ligament disruption, central triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) perforation, and foveal detachment. Conclusion Compared with contralateral side, more than 1 mm increase in ulnar variance is suggestive of longitudinal instability or TFCC pathology. Level of Evidence Level II, diagnostic.
A Bayesian Analysis of Abundance, Trend, and Population Viability for Harbor Seals in Iliamna Lake, Alaska

Harbor seals in Iliamna Lake, Alaska, are a small, isolated population, and one of only two freshwater populations of harbor seals in the world, yet little is known about their abundance or risk for extinction. Bayesian hierarchical models were used to estimate abundance and trend of this population. Observational models were developed from aerial survey and harvest data, and they included effects for time of year and time of day on survey counts. Underlying models of abundance and trend were based on a Leslie matrix model that used prior information on vital rates from the literature. We developed three scenarios for variability in the priors and used them as part of a sensitivity analysis. The models were fitted using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The population production rate implied by the vital rate estimates was about 5% per year, very similar to the average annual harvest rate. After a period of growth in the 1980s, the population appears to be relatively stable at around 400 individuals. A population viability analysis assessing the risk of quasi-extinction, defined as any reduction to 50 animals or below in the next 100 years, ranged from 1% to 3%, depending on the prior scenario. Although this is moderately low risk, it does not include genetic or catastrophic environmental events, which may have occurred to the population in the past, so our results should be applied cautiously.
Fiatech: History and Perspectives on Future Research

Fiatech, an industry-funded research consortium to promote the development and adoption of innovative technologies for the capital project industry, has played an important role in the industry. This paper presents a brief history for Fiatech since its inception in 2000 until its merger with the Construction Industry Institute in 2018. The paper presents the perspective of the authors who have been active participants and leaders within the Fiatech community. Early contributions of Fiatech include the Capital Projects Technology Roadmap and research streams in interoperability, technology evaluation, and regulatory streamlining. More recent developments include a reinvigoration of Fiatech and its roadmap through Productivity Advancement Targets, which focus efforts on adding business value and curating existing knowledge as well as identifying development needs. A supporting business case and selected enablers and project recommendations are reviewed. Implications of this effort for the research community are briefly discussed.
Understanding the Impact of Immersion and Authenticity on Satisfaction Behavior in Learning Analytics Tasks

As business analytics (BA) applications permeate across various industry sectors, the workforce needs to be trained and upskilled to meet the challenges of understanding and implementing analytics methodologies. To achieve payoffs from the resource investments in BA training, it is critical for enterprises to understand an individual’s learning behavior along with the process and outcome-centric satisfaction associated with a collaborative analytics training task. This study focuses on identifying the factors that influence the process of learning during BA training to entry-level BA users. Drawing on the theories of situated cognition, goal setting, and flow, we propose a model that explains how trainees in a group learn through a process that is influenced by the characteristics of BA training context through context authenticity, the traits of trainees through task motivation and preference towards teamwork. Using an experimental design built on data collection and a unique task of real visits to a historic cemetery, we found that context authenticity and task motivation have significant impact on focused immersion, which in turn significantly impacts process and outcome satisfaction for learning an analytics task. Results of this study extend and validate the theories of situated cognition, goal setting, and flow within the context of business analytics training. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for practitioners for designing effective analytics tasks for better training outcomes.
Associative similarity of words and pictures

At various times research investigators have compared the effect upon learning of using pictures or words as stimuli (for example: Kale, Grosslight, & McIntyre, 1955; Bousfield, Esterson, & Whitmarsh, 1957; Ducharme & Fraisse, 1965; Lumsdaine, 1949; Deno, 1968; Jenkins, Neale & Deno, 1967). The general result of these comparisons has been that word and picture stimuli produce differential effects in tasks of learning and retention. In spite of these effects and the potential significance, both educational and psychological, of research on words and pictures, no systematic attempt has been made to establish a basis for the differential effects obtained, and no theoretical model exists to suggest programs of research. The type of situation which seems to bear the closest relationship to the effects obtained in learning and retention with word and picture stimuli is that in which free association data
Endothelial cells revealed as chondroclasts

Osteoclasts are known for their role in bone resorption. A study now shows that a vascular–associated osteoclast subtype at the growth plate also regulates blood vessel growth in bone and is supported by type H endothelial cells. These type H capillaries, in turn, release proteinases that promote cartilage degradation.
Trends in Length of Stay and 30-Day Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis From 2006 to 2016

Abstract Background Hospital length of stay (LOS) is a quality metric and target of recent efforts in the last decade to decrease healthcare costs and postoperative nosocomial complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, decreasing LOS has raised concerns of possible increased complication and readmission rates. We present a decade-long analysis in trends of LOS and 30-day complication and unplanned readmissions following TKA. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry was utilized to identify patients undergoing elective primary TKA between 2006 and 2016. Three cohorts of patients were created based on year of surgery (2006-2009 [N = 7111], 2010-2013 [N = 71,943], and 2014-2016 [N = 142,710]). Patient demographics, perioperative variables, LOS, 30-day postoperative complications, and readmission rates were analyzed between the 3 cohorts using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results LOS decreased significantly over time when the 2006-2009 cohort (3.7 days) was compared to the 2010-2013 cohort (3.3 days, P Conclusion In the last decade, there has been a trend toward decreasing LOS after TKA. Despite concerns about early discharge, data from a national registry demonstrated a simultaneous decrease in total 30-day complication and readmission rates. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective cohort study.
Functional Movement Assessments Are Not Associated with Risk of Injury During Military Basic Training.

Introduction Musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-I) in the U.S. military accounted for more than four million medical encounters in 2017. The Military Entrance Processing Screen to Assess Risk of Training (MEPSTART) was created to identify MSK-I risk during the first 180 days of military service. Methods Active duty applicants to the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps between February 2013 and December 2014 who consented completed a behavioral and injury history questionnaire and the MEPSTART screen [Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), and Overhead Squat assessment (OHS)] the day they shipped to basic training. Male (n = 1,433) and Female (n = 281) applicants were enrolled and MSK-I were tracked for 180 days. Binomial logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to assess relationships among MEPSTART screens and MSK-I independent of age, BMI, sex, Service, injury history, and smoking status. Analyses were finalized and performed in 2017. Results The only functional screen related to injury was the LESS score. Compared to those with good LESS scores, applicants with poor LESS scores had lower odds of MSK-I (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30-0.97, p = 0.04), and a lower instantaneous risk of MSK-I during the first 180 d (HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.34-0.96, p = 0.04). However, secondary receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed poor discriminative value (AUC = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.43-0.54). Conclusions Functional performance did not predict future injury risk during the first 180 days of service. Poor LESS scores were associated with lower injury risk, but ROC analyses revealed little predictive value and limited clinical usefulness. Comprehensive risk reduction strategies may be preferable for mitigating MSK-I in military training populations.
The Use of a Multi-modal Interface to Integrate In-Vehicle Information Presentation

The car of the future will have many new information sources— including telematics systems, navigation systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)—that will compete for a driver’s limited cognitive attention. If they are implemented as completely separate systems then cognitive overload and driver distraction are inevitable outcomes. However, if they are implemented as an integrated intelligent system with a multi-modal interface, then the benefits of such functionality will be achieved with much less impact on driving safety. Such a system will support the task of safe driving by filtering and mediating information in response to real-world driving demands. This paper outlines the Human Factors research program being undertaken by Motorola Labs to evaluate key elements of such a multi-modal interface as well as the key human factors issues involved in a multi-modal interface.
How we (should?) study Congress and history

Applying an array of quasi-experimental designs, proponents of causal inference approaches to studying American politics are setting their sights on the study of Congress. In many ways, that focus makes sense: improved research design allows us to draw stronger analytical inferences from observational data, bolstering our understanding of legislative politics. But are the pursuit and methods of causal inference equally well suited to the study of Congress and history? In this article, I consider the application of causal inference methods in historically oriented studies of Congress. Drawing from my coauthored work on the interdependence of Congress and the Federal Reserve over the Fed’s first century and earlier work on the institutional evolution of Congress, I point to the tradeoffs between knowledge and certainty that are endemic in causal inference approaches—and arguably especially so in the study of Congress and history.
Intoxicated bystanders' alcohol expectancies and valuations and the ability to detect risk in a potential sexual assault

Abstract Alcohol intoxication, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol valuations are associated with impaired risk detection for victims of sexual assault; these factors may also impair risk detection of bystanders in a potential sexual assault. However, the relationship between expectancies, valuations and alcohol intoxication on bystanders’ risk detection abilities has not been examined; the goal of this study was to address this gap in the literature. The current study used an alcohol administration experimental design that assessed 123 young adults’ (50% women) alcohol expectancies and valuations, as well as their risk appraisal using a sexual assault vignette. Participants in the alcohol condition (n = 61) reported diminished ability to detect risk when they reported higher positive valuations compared with participants in the control condition (n = 62), but there were no effects of expectancies on bystanders’ ability to detect risk in either condition. Risk detection is a crucial step in bystander prevention; alcohol intoxication, in combination with positive alcohol valuations may impede those appraisals.
Assessment of the Degree of Osteoarthritis in Aging Male and Female Femoral Condyles: A Cadaveric Study.

ObjectiveDetermine if femoral chondral cartilage degeneration on cadaveric knee joints exacerbate differently with aging between the sexes.MethodsA total of 85 cadaveric femurs were assessed for ma...
Intelli-Eye: An UAV Tracking System with Optimized Machine Learning Tasks Offloading

The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been extensively used in providing intelligence such as target tracking. In our field experiments, a pre-trained deep neural network (DNN) is deployed on the UAV to identify a target from the captured video frames and enable UAV to keep tracking. However, tracking in real time by the DNN requires a lot of computational resources. This motivates us to consider offloading this type of machine learning (ML) tasks to a mobile edge computing (MEC) server. Specifically, we propose a novel hierarchical ML tasks distribution framework for the UAV tracking system, where the UAV is embedded with lower layers of the pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model due to its limited computing capability, while the MEC server with rich computing resources will handle the higher layers of the CNN model. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the CNN inference delay while taking into account the communications delay, computing time, and ML error. Insights are provided to understand the tradeoff between communications and ML computing in offloading decisions. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ML tasks distribution framework with the optimized offloading strategy.
When getting along is not enough: reconstructing race in our lives and relationships: Maureen Walker, New York: Teachers College Press, 2020, 168p., £25.44 pbk. ISBN: 9780807763377

From the moment we are born we are handed a role based on our skin color. Who we are in comparison to others is dictated by history, the media, and even the law. In Dr. Maureen Walker’s When Gettin...
Experimental study of concrete filled steel tube composite beam under hogging moment

The main objective of this work is an experimental study of the concrete filled steel tube (CFST) composite beam under the influence of a hogging moment. The specimens are consisting of a steel tube filled with lightweight or normal concrete (CFST) and a reinforced concrete slab, perfobond connector is used to connect the steel tube and concrete slab. Seven specimens were cast and tested, five parameters are studied, specimen length, the strength of concrete which filling the steel tube, the influence of filling the steel tube, and existing of a concrete slab. To study the behavior of specimens the flexure test was done under hogging (negative) moment. The testing results including ultimate load, crack, load-deflection curve, and slip at the end and one-third span of the tested beam. The short specimen has a greater ultimate load than other specimens but a smaller bending moment. The local buckling appeared in the steel tube at a load ranged from 83.7% to 96.7% of the ultimate load, the ultimate load of the hollow steel tube composite beam is decreasing by 75.69% compared with the reference specimen, also the ultimate load was increased when the concrete compressive strength which filled steel tube increased. The slip was measured in two locations of the specimen, the slip at the end of the specimens is less than the slip in one-third of the specimens at the ultimate load.
The Preparticipation Physical Evaluation

The preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is a common reason for young athletes to see a primary care physician. An annual PPE is required by most state high school athletic associations for participation in school-based sports, although there is limited evidence to support its effectiveness for detecting conditions that predispose athletes to injury or illness. In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics, with representatives from the American Academy of Family Physicians and other organizations, published updated PPE recommendations (PPE5). According to the guideline, the general goals of the PPE are determining general physical and psychological health; evaluating for life-threatening or disabling conditions, including risk of sudden cardiac arrest and other conditions that may predispose the athlete to illness or injury; and serving as an entry point into the health care system for those without a medical home or primary care physician. The guideline recommends that the evaluation take place in the physician's office rather than in a group setting. The PPE should include a structured physical examination that focuses on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurologic systems. Screening for depression, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is also recommended. Clinicians should recognize any findings suggestive of the relative energy deficiency in sport syndrome. Additional consideration is required to address the needs and concerns of transgender athletes and athletes with physical and intellectual disabilities. Finally, guidelines have been published regarding return to play for athletes who have had COVID-19.