cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noncontact measurement of parison thickness profiles affected by swell and sag in continuous extrusion blow molding

Optimization of final part thickness distributions is crucial in the extrusion blow molding process in order to minimize resin usage. Prediction of part thickness distributions from basic process and material parameters would be ideal. However, attempts to do so have been unsuccessful, largely because of the inability to predict parison thickness profiles. One must therefore resort to measurement of the parison thickness profile and estimation of the final part thickness distribution by computational methods. This paper describes a new technique for the noncontact estimation of parison thickness profiles in continuous extrusion blow molding. The method accounts for sag and requires no previous knowledge of rheological data. It can be employed on-line for the purposes of process monitoring and control. The approach is based on the measurement of the parison length evolution with time during extrusion, the parison diameter profile, the flow rate, and the melt temperature gradient along the length of the parison. These parameters are utilized in conjunction with a theoretical approach that describes the extrusion of a parison under the effects of swell, sag, and extrusion into ambient conditions. Results are presented for three resins of various molecular weight distributions. The degree of sag is minimal at the top and bottom of the parison, and reaches a maximum near the center of the parison. Results are also presented to demonstrate the versatility of the method under other process conditions, such as varying flow rate, die temperature, and die gap.
Molybdenum and Tungsten Structural Differences are Dependent on ndz2/(n + 1)s Mixing: Comparisons of (silox)3MX/R (M = Mo, W; silox = tBu3SiO)

Treatment of trans-(Et2O)2MoCl4 with 2 or 3 equiv of Na(silox) (i.e., NaOSitBu3) afforded (silox)3MoCl2 (1-Mo) or (silox)3MoCl (2-Mo). Purification of 2-Mo was accomplished via addition of PMe3 to precipitate (silox)3ClMoPMe3 (2-MoPMe3), followed by thermolysis to remove phosphine. Use of MoCl3(THF)3 with various amounts of Na(silox) produced (silox)2ClMoMoCl(silox)2 (3-Mo). Alkylation of 2-Mo with MeMgBr or EtMgBr afforded (silox)3MoR (R = Me, 2-MoMe; Et, 2-MoEt). 2-MoEt was also synthesized from C2H4 and (silox)3MoH, which was prepared from 2-Mo and NaBEt3H. Thermolysis of WCl6 with HOSitBu3 afforded (silox)2WCl4 (4-W), and sequential treatment of 4-W with Na/Hg and Na(silox) provided (silox)3WCl2 (1-W, tbp, X-ray), which was alternatively prepared from trans-(Et2S)2WCl4 and 3 equiv of Tl(silox). Na/Hg reduction of 1-W generated (silox)3WCl (2-W). Alkylation of 2-W with MeMgBr produced (silox)3WMe (2-WMe), which dehydrogenated to (silox)3WCH (6-W) with ΔH‡ = 14.9(9) kcal/mol and ΔS ‡ = −26(2) eu. Magnet...
Defective eosinophil hematopoiesis ex vivo in inbred Rocky Mountain White (IRW) mice

We examine the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow (BM) progenitors from inbred Rocky Mountain White (IRW) mice, a strain used primarily for retrovirus infection studies. In contrast to findings with BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains, IRW BM cells cannot proliferate or generate pure eosinophil cultures ex vivo in response to a defined cytokine regimen. Analysis of IRW BM at baseline was unremarkable, including 0.08 ± 0.03% Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) (LSK) hematopoietic stem cells and 5.2 ± 0.3% eosinophils; the percentage of eosinophil progenitors (EoPs; Lin(-)Sca-1(-)c-kit(+)CD34(+)IL-5Rα(+)) was similar in all three mouse strains. Transcripts encoding GM-CSFRα and the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF common β chain were detected at equivalent levels in IRW and BALB/c BM, whereas expression of transcripts encoding IL-5Rα, IL-3Rα, and GATA-2 was diminished in IRW BM compared with BALB/c. Expression of membrane-bound IL-5Rα and intracellular STAT5 proteins was also diminished in IRW BM cells. Diminished expression of transcripts encoding IL-5Rα and GATA-2 and immunoreactive STAT5 in IRW BM persisted after 4 days in culture, along with diminished expression of GATA-1. Western blot revealed that cells from IRW BM overexpress nonsignaling soluble IL-5Rα protein. Interestingly, OVA sensitization and challenge resulted in BM and airway eosinophilia in IRW mice; however, the responses were significantly blunted. These results suggest that IRW mice have diminished capacity to generate eosinophils in culture and in vivo, likely as a result of diminished signaling via IL-5Rα.
Spontaneous deep venous thrombosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is an uncommonly encountered condition in childhood and, as a consequence, the diagnosis may be overlooked. We describe the first two cases of DVT occurring in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Both brothers were wheel-chair-bound for protracted periods. The first case occurred following spinal fusion for scoliosis. The second occurred spontaneously following immobilisation in hospital while undergoing investigation for a ureteric stone. Serological investigations to outrule an underlying thrombogenic cause showed no deficiency of protein C or antithrombin III nor the presence of lupus anticoagulant in either patient. The presence of flaccid lower extremities resulting in prolonged immobilisation combined with an ineffective muscle pump for venous return may have predisposed the patients in our series. The issue of prophylaxis should now be actively considered in such patients in high-risk circumstances.
Delta Wing with Store Limit-Cycle-Oscillation Modeling Using a High-Fidelity Structural Model

The flutter and limit-cycle oscillation behavior of a 45-deg delta-wing-store model with various store spanwise locations is studied using an aeroelastic model that includes a high-fidelity nonlinear finite element structural solver and a vortex-lattice aerodynamic model. The store aerodynamics are modeled using slender-body theory. The computed results are compared with a previous computational model and with the experiment. The zero-angle-of-attack flutter behavior of the wing-store configuration is shown to be sensitive to the spanwise store location. This is predicted accurately using the current methodology. Limit-cycle oscillation results for zero angle of attack are computed for two store spanwise locations and compare favorably with the experiment. For a clean-wing configuration and a configuration that had the store located at y/c = 0.291, the flutter results show very little sensitivity to the model angle of attack. This too was predicted accurately using the current model. However, when the store is placed at y/c = 0.545, the experimental flutter data show a large sensitivity to angle of attack, with the flutter velocity decreasing by almost 20% when the model is placed at an angle of attack of 2 deg. This is not predicted in the current work and it is possible that unmodeled flow physics such as leading-edge vortices are the cause of this difference.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis desensitizes. Evidence against mediation by protein kinase C or calcium

Previous reports have provided conflicting evidence as to whether the response to TRH desensitizes. Here we show that TRH stimulation of phosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis, measured as inositol phosphate accumulation in the presence of LiCl, desensitizes in rat pituitary GH3 cells and in rat glioma C6 cells stably transfected with mouse pituitary TRH receptor complementary DNA. In GH3 cells, the rate of stimulation by 1000 nM TRH of PPI hydrolysis was maximal initially and then decreased by 44 ± 13% after 20 min. In an experimental paradigm in which PPI hydrolysis was measured by adding 20 mM LiCl at different times after TRH, desensitizations caused by 3, 10, and 1000 nM TRH were 33 ± 5%, 41 ± 6%, and 69 ± 2%, respectively. In transfected C6 cells, TRH-induced desensitization of 76 ± 9% was found. In GH3 cells, 1 μM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C, inhibited the initial response to TRH by 75 ± 6% and preexposure to PMA and TRH decreased the rate of PPI hydrolysis by 98 ± ...
Osteosarcoma presenting as hemorrhagic cerebellar metastasis.

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Brain metastasis from osteosarcoma was once uncommon; however, with the advent of chemotherapeutic agents and improved imaging modalities, it has become a more common and recognized finding. Brain metastases are, rarely, the initial presenting symptom, but instead are a late and preterminal event in the disease process. When osteosarcomas manifest in the central nervous system, they tend to occur in the gray–white junction in the anterior circulation akin to other metastatic lesions in the brain. The authors report a case of a 16-year-old boy who presented with acute neurological deterioration due to a posterior fossa hemorrhage and was subsequently found to have a primary site localizing to the metaphysis of the right femur with florid metastatic disease. This is the first case reported in the literature in which an osteosarcoma initially presented as cerebral metastasis in the form of a posterior fossa hemorrhage with a rapidly deteriorating course.
Calculation of Hamaker Constants in Nonaqueous Fluid Media

Calculations of the Hamaker constants representing the van der Waals interactions between conductor, resistor and dielectric materials are performed using Lifshitz theory. The calculation of the parameters for the Ninham-Parsegian relationship for several non-aqueous liquids has been derived based on literature dielectric data. Discussion of the role of van der Waals forces in the dispersion of particles is given for understanding paste formulation. Experimental measurements of viscosity are presented to show the role of dispersant truncation of attractive van der Waals forces.
Automatic Shifts of Attention in the Dimensional Change Card Sort Task: Subtle Changes in Task Materials Lead to Flexible Switching.

Two experiments tested a hypothesis that reducing demands on executive control in a Dimensional Change Card Sort task will lead to improved performance in 3-year-olds. In Experiment 1, the shape dimension was represented by two dissimilar values (stars and flowers), and the color dimension was represented by two similar values (red and pink). This configuration of stimuli rendered shape more salient than color. In Experiment 2, attentional weights of each dimension value were manipulated by using two versus four values to represent the dimensions of shape and color. The results indicated that increasing saliency of the postswitch dimension (Experiment 1) and reducing attentional weights of individual dimension values (Experiment 2) lead to a marked improvement in the postswitch sorting accuracy in 3-year-olds.
Treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome: a critical appraisal of treatment options

The management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) usually spans a woman’s reproductive years. While the treatment of symptoms is a primary concern, given its long-term nature, the benefits and potential risks need to be assessed and balanced. The variability of presentation coupled with the phenotypic diversity of this patient population, requires the individualization of treatment to each patient. Periodically, the regimen has to be modified owing to a desire for pregnancy, necessitating ovulation induction in this anovulatory group of women. Finally, for any treatment offered, consideration should be given to potential adverse effects on the fetus should spontaneous ovulation and unplanned pregnancy occur. This review highlights the current issues surrounding PCOS and provides a critical appraisal of treatment options.
Cognitive Processes in Counseling: A Decision Tree Integrating Two Theoretical Approaches

This article represents a practical decision tree for counselors in which two distinct approaches to cognitive change processes in counseling, one based on learning processes and one based on attitude change processes, are integrated into a useful model to facilitate cognitive change in counseling. Jack Martin's cognitive instructional counseling (CIC) is a learning or information-processing model of counseling. Richard Petty and John Cacioppo's elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is a model of attitude change processes that has been applied to counseling. These two models are compatible and complementary with respect to change processes in counseling. In addition to presenting the decision tree and an example of its use, this article describes basic points of comparison between the ELM and CIC, outlines each model, and describes relevant research.
Data Management in Academic Settings: An Intellectual Property Perspective

Intellectual property can be an important asset for academic institutions. Good data management practices are important for capture, development and protection of intellectual property assets. Selected issues focused on the relationship between data management and intellectual property are reviewed and a thesis that academic institutions and scientists should honor their obligations to responsibly manage data.
Client Empowerment in the Human Services: Personal and Professional Agenda:

The authors juxtapose autobiographical accounts of their personal and professional lives to examine the interplay of their personas and work in the social sciences. Chesler is an action researcher and change agent who focuses primarily on young people and their parents and on those providing them human services. Hasenfeld is an academic who focuses primarily on relations between clients and human service providers and on the systemic changes needed to improve these relations. They share domain assumptions, particularly a belief in the “good” society based on justice, social equality, and respect for diversity, are committed to improving the life chances of the oppressed and disadvantaged, and believe that empowering the clients of human service agencies is crucial to improving the effectiveness and responsiveness of such organizations.
Fish Assemblage Groups in the Upper Tennessee River Basin

Abstract A hierarchical clustering technique was used to classify sites in the upper Tennessee River basin based on relative abundance of fish species. Five site groups were identified. These groups differed mainly by the occurrence of minnow and darter species. Drainage area and ecoregion were the primary factors explaining the differences among groups; elevation and human influence were of secondary importance. The Blue Ridge site group had the most distinct fish assemblage, large-river sites supported the highest species richness, and the upper Ridge and Valley sites contained the highest percentages of environmentally sensitive species. These results can provide a regional framework for management and conservation activities.
Religiosity in 5-D: An Empirical Analysis

Based on a framework suggested by Charles Glock that religiosity should include ideological, ritualistic, experiential, intellectual, and consequential dimensions, data from 362 college students were analyzed for scalability. Five Guttman type scales were constructed-one for each dimension. Interrelationships among the five dimensions were tested by computing correlation coefficients. The ideological dimension was unmistakably of pervasive importance. At the other extreme in size of correlations was the consequential dimension, suggesting that this dimension may reflect a qualitatively different measure of religious involvement. The diversity in the degree of relationships examined lends empirical support to the view that religious involvement is characterized by several dimensions-some of which are more closely related than others.
Plant Succession as a Natural Range Restoration Factor in Private Livestock Enterprises

We formulate a grazing model linking privately optimal stocking rates to their longterm impacts on the succession of plant species on rangeland. The fast (annual) dynamics of a grazing-decision component are put in phase with the slow (decadelong) dynamics of a plant-succession component via the "slow-manifold" theory of dynamical systems. The model provides the context for analytically approximating "successional thresholds," partitioning rangeland conditions into those gravitating toward socially desirable or socially undesirable plant compositions over time. These thresholds are instrumental in determining whether grazing management alone can restore rangeland to a socially desired plant composition.
Parameter tuning for the MAX expert system

We investigate methods for tuning numeric parameters in Nynex MAX, a telephone trouble screening expert system. Steepest descent, hillclimbing, and simulated annealing parameter adjustment strategies are applied to the problems of maximizing classification accuracy and minimizing misclassification cost. For both of those optimization problems we evaluate each algorithm's ability to tune initial parameters for several situations. >
Mitochondrial cytopathy in adults: What we know so far

Mitochondrial cytopathies are a diverse group of inherited and acquired disorders that result in inadequate energy production. They can be caused by inheritable genetic mutations, acquired somatic mutations, exposure to toxins (including some prescription medications), and the aging process itself. In addition, a number of well-described diseases can decrease mitochondrial energy production; these include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia.
Temperature Histories in a UHT Indirect Heat Exchanger

An indirect UHT processing system was modeled by a computer program to predict the temperature profile of a mass element of fluid as it progressed through heating, hold and cooling units. The computer program consisted of successive calculations of the temperature at the exit of numerous increments in each unit based on the overall heat transfer coefficient determined for the total length of the unit. The validity of the computer program was determined by correlation of computer results with experimental determinations of sucrose inversion. The percentage of total inversion of sucrose occurring in the heater was 36%, indicating the error associated with the assumption of chemical reactions based exclusively on hold tube temperature, residence time and laminar flow pattern.
In Vitro Pro-inflammatory Regulatory role of Substance P in Alveolar Macrophages and Type II Pneumocytes after JP-8 Exposure.

The effects of JP-8 on pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α,β and nitric oxide (NO) secretion as well as the role of substance P (SP) in these processes were examined in cultured alveolar macrophages (AM), type II epithelial cells (AIIE), and AM/AIIE co-cultures. Exposure of AM to JP-8 for 24 hr exhibited release of IL-1α,β, whereas exposure to AIIE showed a concentration-dependent NO overproduction. Data indicate that there are cell-dependent inflammatory mechanisms responsible for the actual level of JP-8 exposure in alveoli. However, treatment with substance P significantly attenuated JP-8 induced the IL-1α,β secretion. This finding was confirmed by using [Sar9 Met (O2)11] SP (10− 10 M), an agonist of substance P, suggesting that substance P may have signal pathway(s) to AM in the inflammatory response mediated by IL-1. Moreover, AM/AIIE co-culture obviously reduced NO overproduction observed in AIIE alone, suggesting that there may be cell interactions or communications between AM and AIIE in...
Theory & Methods: Spatially‐adaptive Penalties for Spline Fitting

We study spline fitting with a roughness penalty that adapts to spatial heterogeneity in the regression function. Our estimates are pth degree piecewise polynomials with pi1 continuous derivatives. A large and fixed number of knots is used and smoothing is achieved by putting a quadratic penalty on the jumps of the pth derivative at the knots. To be spatially adaptive, the logarithm of the penalty is itself a linear spline but with relatively few knots and with values at the knots chosen to minimize GCV. This locally-adaptive spline estimator is compared with other spline estimators in the literature such as cubic smoothing splines and knot-selection techniques for least-squares regression. Our estimator can be interpreted as an empirical Bayes estimate for a prior allowing spatial heterogeneity. In cases of spatially heterogeneous regression functions,
Making indoor maps with portable accelerometer and magnetometer

The paper describes algorithms required to enable the crowd sourcing of indoor building maps, i.e., where global positioning system (GPS) is not available. Nevertheless to enable crowd sourcing we use the 3-axis accelerometers and the 3-axis magnetometers available in many smart phones. Volunteers carry the phones while walking around in buildings, and use some application on their smart phones to send the data to a mapping server. We present the algorithms to obtain walking trajectories from the data by dead reckoning, and to estimate indoor maps with multiple walking trajectories.
Marxism, Sarcasm, Ethnography: Geographical Fieldnotes from South India

This paper addresses questions of ethnography in geographic fieldwork through research conducted on globalisation and work in Tiruppur, an industrial boomtown in South India. During the last two decades of the twentieth century, Tiruppur town in western Tamilnad State became India’s centrepiece in the export of garments made of knitted cloth. This industrial boom has been organised through networks of small firms integrated through intricate subcontracting arrangements controlled by local capital of Gounders from modest agrarian and working-class origins. In effect, the whole town works like a decentralised factory for the global economy, but with local capital of peasant-worker origins at the helm. My research explores the historical geographic trajectories linking agrarian and industrial work, and the ways in which these histories are used in the present. In these uses of the past in remaking self and place, I interrogate the self-presentations of Tiruppur’s entrepreneurs, as these “self-made men” hinge their retrospective narratives of class mobility and industrial success on their propensity to “toil”. This paper explores questions of ethnographic method emerging from a political-economic context in which globalisation has worked by turning “toil” into capital.
Characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride pressure transducers

The construction, calibration and use of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pressure gage is described. The transducer material, PVDF, is in the form of 12 pm films with active areas 1 cm in diameter. The gage consists of two films whose active regions are laminated together face-to-face and subsequently laminated between protective layers of polycarbonate or another suitable polymer material. Temperature compensation, which is achieved by both active and passive techniques, is described. The response of the PVDF gage to shear stresses is found to be significant but small compared to the response to an equivalent hydrostatic pressure.
Toward a Comprehensive Life-Course Model of Care for Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Students with ADHD and other emotional and behavioral disorders exhibit serious social, behavioral and academic problems in school and are at elevated risk for many poor long-term outcomes. Although there are models and guidelines for organizing services for these youth and guiding intervention decisions, we propose that they have limitations and some prioritize short-term benefits. As an alternative to these models, we propose a life-course model that is founded on establishing a priority for services that will enhance long-term competencies and help students independently meet age-appropriate expectations. The life-course model organizes services into four layers of care and guided by seven principles of service delivery. We provide the rationale for the model and describe its application to care for school and community based services for children and adolescents with ADHD.
Defining the local nerve blocks for feline distal thoracic limb surgery: a cadaveric study:

ObjectivesThough controversial, onychectomy remains a commonly performed distal thoracic limb surgical procedure in cats. Peripheral nerve block techniques have been proposed in cats undergoing ony...
Culture of Established and Potential Species—Bait Fish

Most marine fish culture is still experimental, but in the last decade or so, many new marine and diadromous food fish species have reached the pilot or commercial stage. Established and new species include: sturgeons, anguillid eels, milkfish, salmonids, barramundi, European sea bass, hybrid striped bass, a few groupers, yellowtail, dolphin, red sea bream, black sea bream, gilthead sea bream, red drum, tilapias, mullets, rabbitfishes, turbot, Atlantic halibut, and tiger puffer.
Further Observations on the Role of Varicocele in Human Male Infertility

108 patients with varicocele and severe oligospermia and other disturbances in semen quality were studied as a supplement to an earlier study of 77 patients. All 108 subjects in Group 2 were cases of primary sterility lasting from 1 to several years. In many patients the presence of varicocele was predicted on the basis of the seminal cytology. The operation performed for ablation of the varicocele was in most cases a high ligation of the internal spermatic vein above the varicocele. Results are based on at least 2 semen examinations before operation and 2-6 done after a minimal time lapse of about 4 months postoperatively. The average sperm count/ml before operation was 19 million but following ligation 58% of subjects remained under 20 million/ml compared to 30% in Group 1. 36% of patients in Group 2 but only 6.4% in Group 1 remained under 10 million/ml. The number of subjects with sperm-count levels of 40 million/ml or more increased from 18 to 25 after operation. Only 17 men showed a substantial postoperative increase while the counts in 11 fell considerably. 97% in Group 2 had fewer than 60% normal oval-form sperm and 64% had fewer than 41%. After ligation 77% in Group 2 remained in the 60% or under class compared to 67% in Group 1. In Group 2 95% of patients showed the stress pattern common in varicocele before ligation; the proportion fell to 39% following ligation compared to 28% in Group 1. In Group 2 86% of subjects had sperm motility below the normal range before operation. The sperm motility of 80 of the 108 subjects improved within a period of 9 months following the operation. 48 postligation pregnancies in the group had occurred by the time of writing and only 3 miscarriages had been reported. The mean period of sterility before treatment was 2.76 years. The average time necessary for the 1st pregnancy was 8.3 months. 28 individuals were not seen within the last year and lost to follow-up so that the pregnancy rate of 44% may be too low. In approximately 35% of pregnancies the conception apparently occurred at sperm counts of 10 million/ml or less. 3 conclusions are suggested by the work: 1) tests available to assess female fertility appear to be good 2) sperm motility is the most important factor in semen quality and 3) pregnancies are possible at very low count levels providing the motility of the few cells present is good.
Skeletal muscle tissue in movement and health: positives and negatives.

ABSTRACT The history of muscle physiology is a wonderful lesson in ‘the scientific method’; our functional hypotheses have been limited by our ability to decipher (observe) muscle structure. The simplistic understanding of how muscles work made a large leap with the remarkable insights of A. V. Hill, who related muscle force and power to shortening velocity and energy use. However, Hill9s perspective was largely limited to isometric and isotonic contractions founded on isolated muscle properties that do not always reflect how muscles function in vivo. Robert Josephson incorporated lengthening contractions into a work loop analysis that shifted the focus to dynamic muscle function, varying force, length and work done both by and on muscle during a single muscle work cycle. It became apparent that muscle is both a force generator and a spring. Titin, the missing filament in the sliding filament model, is a muscle spring, which functions very differently in cardiac versus skeletal muscle; its possible role in these two muscle types is discussed relative to their contrasting function. The good news for those of us who choose to work on skeletal muscle is that muscle has been reluctant to reveal all of its secrets.
Criminal Thought Content and Criminal Thought Process as Mediators of Peer Influence: Combined Versus Individual Effects

The purpose of this study was to determine whether measures of criminal thought content and criminal thought process are capable of mediating the peer influence effect. Participants were all 1,725 ...
Early undifferentiated connective tissue disease (CTD). VI. An inception cohort after 10 years: disease remissions and changes in diagnoses in well established and undifferentiated CTD.

Objective. (1) To review the diagnoses after 10 years in patients who were identified within 12 months of the onset of well established and undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (CTD). (2) To examine the death rates and disease remissions in these patients. Methods. This inception cohort of 410 patients had less than one year of signs and/or symptoms of CTD. Diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and poly/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) were made in 197 patients using accepted diagnostic and classification criteria. Diagnoses of undifferentiated CTD were made in 213 patients. These latter patients were placed in 3 categories: isolated Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), unexplained polyarthritis (UPA), and undifferentiated CTD (UCTD), defined as meeting at least 3 of 11 specific manifestations of CTD. The diagnoses and remissions in all patients after 10 years were determined. Results. Patients with well established CTD tended to remain with the original diagnosis. The 10 year survival was at least 87% in all diagnostic categories, with the exception of SSc, in which it was 56%. The progression of UPA to RA occurred infrequently. The presence of antinuclear antibodies suggested that UPA may develop additional symptoms and/or a specific diagnosis, and RP in these patients increased the likelihood of progressing to UCTD or a specific well established CTD. Ten percent of patients with RP progressed to SSc. In patients with UCTD, joint pain/tenderness and swelling counts were associated with progression to other diagnoses including RA, while either serositis, malar rash, or discoid lupus suggested the eventual diagnosis of SLE. Conclusion. The survival of patients with SSc was poor, with most dying early in the course of their disease. Remissions were seen in all groups of patients except SSc. The remissions were sometimes transient in SLE. Undifferentiated disease at initial examination within 12 months of onset usually remains undifferentiated.
Bayesian mass anomaly estimation with measurements of gravity

The paper describes the implementation of a Bayesian model to assess novel gravimeters and gradiometers, which employ recent advances in cold matter wave interferometry to accurately measure micro-gravity. This has application to the resolution of underground structures, as an array of measurements at the surface can be used to infer what lies beneath. Potential applications of this technology include: improved identification of oil reservoirs; the detection of sink-holes to support civil engineering; detection of underground buildings; and geophysical mapping as a means to navigate in GPS denied environments. For the challenge of detecting underground voids at depths 10m beneath the Earth, the utility of the posterior distribution for computing probability of excavation maps is described and the impact of different sampling configurations and densities is investigated.
Psychosocial Response to Environment Change

The inclusion of a chapter on psychosocial response to environment change among the elderly in this volume is a tribute to three decades of theoretical and applied research contributions in the areas of environmental psychology and social gerontology. Although initially challenged to provide explanations for eye opening, but somewhat misleading, early findings such as those suggesting that placement of elderly in institutions could dramatically shorten their lifespan (Carmargo & Preston, 1945; Josephy, 1949; Lieberman, 1961), the field has subsequently been marked by the development of theoretical models and methodological strategies to account for the impact of a variety of environmental changes on the physical and emotional well-being of the elderly.
Low cost automation with lighter, versatile machines

Abstract This paper describes the opportunities for improving the cost/performance ratio for industrial robots and other industrial equipment through reduction in their weight. Also described are four approaches to taking advantages of these opportunities without encountering the adverse effects inherent in compliant structures. These approaches are 1) active joint control, 2) passive damping enhancement, 3) trajectory planning, and A) operational strategies such as "bracing." It appears that using all four approaches in combination may be most effective.
China as the World’s Factory

Within a year of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, the World Bank published an article under the headline “China Is Becoming the World’s Manufacturing Powerhouse.” Manufacturers ranging from General Electric to Samsung found out that it was often more profitable—and almost always far easier—to use China as an export base than selling goods inside the world’s most populous nation. Because of the combination of minuscule wages and the central planner’s deft hand, China in no time became the world's factory. China also began to build up massive foreign reserves, initially seen as a response to the 1997 Asian financial crisis but soon deemed excessive and looked upon conspicuously in the West.
Building damage from the Marmara, Turkey earthquake of August 17, 1999

The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview of damage as observed immediately following the earthquake. Detailed studies of structural seismic performance, conducted in the time elapsed since August 1999, are not the subject of this paper, but rather the object of other papers presented in this Special Issue of the Journal. Damage to reinforced concrete, masonry, and steel structures, is described. The mode the failure presented include: foundation failures; soft stories; strong beams and weak columns; lack of column confinement and poor detailing practice; buckling and fractures of steel members; and non-structural damage. Some general lessons learned from this earthquake are also formulated.
Abstract IA16: Reconstructing compartment−specific regulatory programs in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an expansive, desmoplastic stroma that responds to neoplastic signals from the malignant epithelium while also instigating a cacophony of signals from diverse stromal cell types that in turn modulate the malignant process. Several published efforts have reported the global signaling profiles of bulk pancreatic tumors, which have proven useful for defining different molecular subtypes of the disease. However, in order to facilitate the precise assessment of both neoplastic and stromal signaling profiles, we developed a robust pipeline to perform RNA-sequencing from laser-capture microdissected tissues. We applied this technique to a collection of 200+ frozen primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, deriving both malignant epithelial and stromal gene expression profiles from each. These compartment-specific profiles may serve to define novel molecular subtypes grounded in the biology of the distinct compartments. This technique also enabled profiling of the epithelium and stromal from microscopic PanIN-1 proliferations, facilitating the precise delineation of changes arising during malignant progression. Using computational modelling of paired epithelial and stromal samples, we developed a novel digital deconvolution model that generates virtual compartment-specific gene expression signatures from bulk pancreatic tumor profiles. Thus, findings from our experimentally dissected sample set can be leveraged to analyze multiple publically-available gene expression datasets. In order to learn more about the regulatory processes that drive malignancy in both the epithelial and stromal compartments, we used a systems biology approach to reconstruct their global regulatory networks in pancreatic cancer. Briefly, regulatory models comprising ~700,000 interactions were computationally reconstructed for each compartment from the LCM-RNA-seq datasets using the ARACNe algorithm. These networks then served as a scaffold for the application of the MARINa and VIPER algorithms, which define master regulatory proteins whose activity drives (or restrains) the PanIN-1 to PDA progression. We will discuss early results of master regulator analyses that illuminate both oncogenic signaling in the epithelium, and large-scale changes in stromal microenvironment that occur during progression from PanIN-1 to PDA. Citation Format: H. Carlo Maurer, Jing He, Mariano J. Alvarez, Federico Giorgi, Sam Holmstrom, Andrea Califano, Kenneth P. Olive.{Authors}. Reconstructing compartment−specific regulatory programs in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Background-Source Cosmic-Photon Elevation Scaling and Cosmic-Neutron/Photon Date Scaling in MCNP6

Abstract Cosmic neutron and photon fluxes are known to scale exponentially with elevation. Consequently, cosmic neutron elevation scaling was implemented for use with the background-source option shortly after its introduction into MCNP6, whereby the neutron flux weight factor was adjusted by the elevation scaling factor when the user-specified elevation differed from the selected background.dat grid-point elevation. At the same time, an elevation scaling factor was suggested for the cosmic photon flux, however, cosmic photon elevation scaling is complicated by the fact that the photon background consists of two components: cosmic and terrestrial. Previous versions of the background.dat file did not provide any way to separate these components. With Rel. 4 of this file in 2015, two new columns were added that provide the energy grid and differential cosmic photon flux separately from the total photon flux. Here we show that the cosmic photon flux component can now be scaled independently and combined with the terrestrial component to form the total photon flux at a user-specified elevation in MCNP6. Cosmic background fluxes also scale with the solar cycle due to solar modulation. This modulation has been shown to be nearly sinusoidal over time, with an inverse effect – increased modulation leads to a decrease in cosmic fluxes. This effect was initially included with the cosmic source option in MCNP6 and has now been extended for use with the background source option when: (1) the date is specified in the background.dat file, and (2) when the user specifies a date on the source definition card. A description of the cosmic-neutron/photon date scaling feature will be presented along with scaling results for past and future date extrapolations.
The Elephant in the Family Room: Work–Family Considerations as Central to Evolving HR and I-O

In their focal article, Schiemann and Ulrich (2017) provide a broad overview of thoughts and insights by 73 of today's human resources/industrial–organizational (HR/I-O) leaders. It was both interesting and valuable to hear from those “in the trenches” every day and to learn what they considered to be the key recommendations, cautions, and needs central to the HR/I-O practice of today—and tomorrow. That said, we were surprised that, considering the zeitgeist of the current workscape, work–family considerations did not make more of an appearance in these reports of leaders’ values and priorities for their organizations and for the field as a whole.
CHEMICAL STUDIES IN HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS VIII. THE MUTUAL REACTIVATION OF T2r+ VIRUS INACTIVATED BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND THE SYNTHESIS OF DESOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACID

A method has been described for following purine and pyrimidine synthesis in intact cells by measuring the ultraviolet absorption of a bacterial suspension. It has been shown that in cells infected with active virus, the rate of increase of ultraviolet absorption at 2600 A corresponded to that of DNA, although preceding DNA synthesis slightly. The amount of separation of the curves in time was determined by the multiplicity of infection. Under conditions of mutual reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated virus, DNA synthesis was inhibited but not the increase in ultraviolet absorption. Thus a continuing purine and pyrimidine synthesis was indicated by the increase in this function. When an intact virus particle could be found within these bacteria, however, DNA synthesis began at the rate characteristic of normal infections. Certain peculiarities of lysis in this system were noted. The significance of these observations for various genetic theories has been discussed. It would appear that Luria's hypothesis of independent gene pool synthesis has probably been disproven. It has also been shown that the lesion produced by irradiation of a virus particle with ultraviolet light probably occurs in the DNA of the particle. The validity of these conclusions will depend on a knowledge of the relation of virus protein synthesis to DNA synthesis in this system.
Telephone-based Minnesota Cognitive Acuity Screen predicts time to institutionalization and homecare.

ABSTRACTBackground:We assessed the ability of a telephone-administered cognitive screening test - Minnesota Cognitive Acuity Screen (MCAS) - to predict time to assisted living/nursing home placement (i.e. institutionalization) and homecare/institutionalization in healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Participants (N = 146; HC = 37; MCI = 70; AD = 39) had baseline MCAS testing and were re-contacted over eight years for dates of starting homecare, institutionalization, and death. Occasionally, outcomes were obtained via medical records. Accounting for informative censoring due to death within a competing risks framework, Cox regression examined the associations of baseline MCAS performance with the start of (a) institutionalization and (b) homecare/institutionalization. Results Hazard ratios (HR) captured the effect of a ten-point difference in baseline MCAS scores, corresponding to a change from the MCI/HC to AD/MCI boundaries. In unadjusted models, increased baseline cognitive impairment was associated with nearly two-fold increases in the hazard of institutionalization (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.32, 2.48) and homecare/institutionalization (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.44, 2.42). However, hazards were not proportional over time in models adjusting for sex. This was resolved when regressions were run for men and women separately. Both sexes showed significant increases in the hazard of institutionalization (Females: HR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.53-3.74; Males: HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.02-2.76) and homecare/institutionalization (Females: HR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.66, 3.21; Males: HR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.32, 2.96) with increased impairment, although hazards were lower for males. Conclusions Telephone-administered MCAS provides useful information about the risk of needing homecare assistance or institutionalization. It may be particularly useful when office/home visits are prohibitive but cognitive monitoring is indicated.
A brief bedside visual art intervention decreases anxiety and improves pain and mood in patients with haematologic malignancies.

Treatment of cancer-related symptoms represents a major challenge for physicians. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether a brief bedside visual art intervention (BVAI) facilitated by art educators improves mood, reduces pain and anxiety in patients with haematological malignancies. Thirty-one patients (21 women and 10 men) were invited to participate in a BVAI where the goal of the session was to teach art technique for ~30 min. Primary outcome measures included the change in visual analog scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule scale, from baseline prior to and immediately post-BVAI. Total of 21 patients (19 women and two men) participated. A significant improvement in positive mood and pain scores (p = .003 and p = .017 respectively) as well as a decrease in negative mood and anxiety (p = .016 and p = .001 respectively) was observed. Patients perceived BVAI as overall positive (95%) and wished to participate in future art-based interventions (85%). This accessible experience, provided by artists within the community, may be considered as an adjunct to conventional treatments in patients with cancer-related mood symptoms and pain, and future studies with balanced gender participation may support the generalisability of these findings.
How to turn your friends into enemies: Causes and outcomes of customers’ sense of betrayal in crisis communication

Abstract Crises are violations of customers’ expectations for a company. Loyal customers who feel betrayed due to the violations of expectations often become the company’s worst enemies. To extend the line of research of situational crisis communication theory (SCCT), this study explored how attributed responsibility, customer-company relationship (CCR), and their interaction affect betrayal. A company’s defining attributes and customer-company identification (CCI) shape customers’ expectations for a company. This study also examined how a direct threat to a company’s defining attribute in a crisis and CCI affect betrayal. A total of 395 Whole Foods customers participated in an online quasi-experiment. The antecedent concepts from SCCT all affect betrayal, with the attributed responsibility being the strongest predictor. Customers also feel more betrayed when the crisis directly threatens the company’s defining attribute and when they strongly identify with the company. Consequently, sense of betrayal has strong effects on customers’ attitudinal, emotional, and intentional responses.
White-Knuckle Research: Emotional Dynamics in Fieldwork with Racist Activists

Current understandings of emotions as relational expressions rather than individual states have made it possible to reconsider the role of emotion in the research process. This article proposes two ways that qualitative research on social movements can benefit from greater attention to the emotional dynamics of fieldwork. First, by examining the strategic use of various emotions by informants as well as by researchers, scholars are in a better position to explore how informants and researchers jointly shape knowledge and interpretation in qualitative research. Second, exploration of emotional dynamics in interviewing relationships can be used as data to deepen understanding of both the interpretative process and of the emotional content of social movements. I examine these issues in the context of a life history project with activists in contemporary U.S. racist movements.