cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Directional Translocations in Virus Replication

By viewing virus development in real time, the experiments reported here reveal novel processes—rapid directional translocations—that are likely to be important elements of virus replication. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was labeled by the fusion of the green fluorescent protein to a structural protein of its tegument (VP11/12), the product of gene UL46. Infection of cultured cells with this recombinant virus (GHSV-UL46) produced fluorescent particles that were distributed throughout the cytoplasm with concentrations in the perinuclear region; they were absent from the nucleus. Viewing infected cells in real time by means of video microscopy produced a novel dynamic picture of virus development. Most strikingly, some of the fluorescent particles exhibited extremely rapid directional translocations at velocities as great as 5 μm/s. The trajectories and destinations of these particles suggest that the rapid directional translocations serve at least three functions: the rapid transport of viral components to and between cytoplasmic processing stations, the delivery of materials for functions specific to the perinuclear region, and the conveyance of maturing virus particles to the plasma membrane. These rapid directional translocations are novel elements of virus assembly that are likely to be critical for efficient replication.
Arabidopsis FHY3 defines a key phytochrome A signaling component directly interacting with its homologous partner FAR1

In Arabidopsis, phytochrome A (phyA) is the primary photoreceptor mediating various plant responses to far-red (FR) light. Here we show that phyA signaling involves a combinatorial action of downstream intermediates, which controls overlapping yet distinctive sets of FR responses. FHY3 is a prominent phyA signaling intermediate sharing structural similarity to FAR1, a previously identified phyA signaling component. The fhy3 and far1 mutants display similar yet distinctive defects in phyA signaling; however, overexpression of either FHY3 or FAR1 suppresses the mutant phenotype of both genes. Moreover, overexpression of partial fragments of FHY3 can cause a dominant-negative interference phenotype on phyA signaling that is stronger than those of the fhy3 or far1 null mutants. Further, we demonstrate that FHY3 and FAR1 are capable of homo- and hetero-interaction. Our data indicate that FHY3, together with FAR1, defines a key module in a signaling network underlying phyA-mediated FR light responses.
A child with multiple congenital anomalies and karyotype 46,XY,del(14)(q31q32.3): Further delineation of chromosome 14 interstitial deletion syndrome

We report on an infant with a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome and severe developmental delay in association with a previously undescribed de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 14 [karyotype: 46,XY,del(14) (q31q32.3)]. Comparison of the presented patient with previously reported cases of interstitial and terminal chromosome 14q deletions provides a group of patients monosomic for various overlapping portions of the distal half of chromosome 14q and suggests a limited similarity in phenotype among patients with common deleted 14q segments. All patients with distal 14q deletions were developmentally delayed, most were microcephalic and failed to thrive. Most of the patient's anomalies were limited to the face and head. Few major internal congenital anomalies were observed. These comparisons serve to further clarify possible associations of subchromosomal aberrations with specific phenotypes.
A role for "one-factor-at-a-time" experimentation in parameter design

This paper explores the role of one-at-a-time experimentation in parameter design of engineering systems. The focus is on degree of improvement achieved rather than on efficiency in estimating model parameters. The performance of adaptive one-at-a-time plans is compared with the performance of orthogonal arrays through computer simulations based on data from 66 response variables in 27 full factorial experiments described in science and engineering journals and textbooks. From the simulation results, a map of the expected gains in performance is provided as a function of the degree of pure experimental error and the strength of interactions among experimental factors. When experimental error is small (less than a quarter of the factor effects) or the interactions among control factors are large (more than one-quarter of all factor effects), an adaptive one-at-a-time strategy tends to achieve greater gains than those provided by orthogonal arrays.
Failure of simulation training to change residents’ management of oesophageal intubation†

Background There are few scientific reports documenting the effects of simulation training on learning. Issues of scientific validity challenge investigators who measure such outcomes. We perceived a failure of residents to change their technical management of oesophageal intubation after simulation training and sought clarification of this observation. Methods Twenty-one residents were randomly exposed to two deliberate oesophageal intubation scenarios, first as a junior assistant (JS group) or as a senior managing resident (SS group), and secondly as a senior managing resident. After the first episode, residents were given an explanation and demonstration of the suggested technical management strategy, including: (i) confirmation of oesophageal intubation with a second direct laryngoscopy; and (ii) concurrent insertion of a second tube into the trachea. After the second episode, we retrospectively sought to confirm improvement in technical management within the SS group by measuring videotaped performances. Questionnaires were sent to the residents before and after reporting their performance results. Results There were 14 SS and seven JS subjects. Within SS, there was no improvement in ‘confirmation of oesophageal intubation with direct laryngoscopy’ (8/14 vs 9/14) or any improvement in ‘concurrent insertion of a second ETT (tracheal) tube’ (1/14 vs 2/14). Questionnaire responses offered considerable insight into these negative results. Conclusions This failure to change may have been secondary to a lack of criterion validity, lack of repetition or a long duration between episodes. The expectations for management were not regarded as being advantageous in simulation, but they were successfully adopted in actual clinical emergencies.
A hypermedia-based problem-solving approach to engineering, learning, working, and playing

It is pointed that there is a need in engineering education to prepare students for lifelong career planning, and that emerging computer technology may be able to play a role in addressing this need. To explore this possibility, the authors have been offering an experimental course in engineering career planning for beginning engineering students. Students use computers to do assignments and store personalized guidance data. In addition, the authors have developed a hypermedia program called the Engineering Career System to provide useful information during the planning process. Evaluations of the course have been very positive, and show that the computer materials have played a successful supporting role in the course. >
Solution‐Condensed YBa2Cu3O7 −x Superconductor Thin Films from Thermosetting Metal‐Organic Precursors

Two different multimetal organic compounds were synthesized and used to deposit thin Y:Ba:Cu oxide films on selected metal and ceramic substrates by the dip-coating method. The rheology of the precursors is strongly influenced by the organic ligand, types of solvent, solvent–water molar ratio, and processing method. The precursor compounds were converted to suitable viscosity to achieve uniform film thickness processing on complex geometry. Superconducting transition temperatures Tc in the range of 89 to 93 K have been measured, depending on processing parameters used. The critical current density, Jc of the solution-coated films had values comparable to those for poly-crystalline samples. Y123 films exhibit c-axis alignment on Ag substrates. A prototype high-Q cavity was coated with Y123 and its performance was evaluated.
Influence of physical activity on change in weight status as children become adolescents.

Physical activity (PA) has been shown to have a positive effect on weight status, but habitual physical activity declines as youth age, yet some adolescents do not gain weight. Purpose. To determine if changes in weight status over 5 years during adolescence are associated with changes in PA levels. Procedures. A longitudinal study of 377 girls and 388 boys tested initially at ages 9–11 years old and 5 years later (age 14–16 years old). The sample was grouped by initial and final weight status: N–N =youth with BMIs <85th percentile at both points (n =456; 60%); O–O =overweight youth with BMIs ≥85th percentile at both time points (n =186; 24%); O–N =overweight youth whose BMI declined to <85th percentile (n =66; 9%); N–O =normal weight youth who became overweight (n =57; 7%). Stature and body mass were measured and habitual PA levels were obtained during the survey. Results. Total PA scores, moderate (MPA) and vigorous activity (VPA) declined by 65–70% for all groups (p =0.002). Girls in the O–N groups had...
Immunoglobulin-Antiimmunoglobulin Interactions and Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial co-deposition of IgA and C3. Elevated levels of circulating immune complexes containing these components in significant numbers of patients have been found in several studies; IgAN is therefore assumed by many investigators to be an immune complex-mediated disease. Our studies have shown that IgG is often co-complexed with IgA within circulating immune complexes, and we have begun to examine the potential mechanisms for these observations. In this regard, elevated levels of IgA rheumatoid factor and of IgG anti-IgA antibodies were found in some patients. Nevertheless, we were unable to correlate levels of circulating immune complexes with any clinical index of disease. Furthermore, many individuals with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) also have elevated levels of circulating immune complexes containing IgG and IgA, IgA rheumatoid factor, and IgG anti-IgA antibodies, although these patients apparently do not have mesangial IgA deposits. Therefore, the role of circulating IgA-containing immune complexes in the pathogenesis of IgAN requires further evaluation.
Invasive Fungal Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving Tacrolimus as the Primary Immunosuppressive Agent

Invasive fungal infections and their risk factors were prospectively assessed in 130 consecutive liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus as the primary immunosuppressive agent. Eleven percent (14) of the 130 patients had 17 episodes of invasive fungal infections. These included candidiasis (5%; 6 patients), cryptococcosis (5%; 6), aspergillosis (3%; 4), and chromomycosis (1%; 1). An elevated pretransplantation creatinine level, requirement of dialysis (pretransplantation or posttransplantation), duration of intensive care unit stay after transplantation surgery, and antibiotic use (other than for prophylaxis) within 4 weeks of transplantation were significant risk factors for fungal infections occurring within 100 days of transplantation. For fungal infections occurring after 100 days, persistence of renal dysfunction (serum creatinine level of >2.5 mg/dL at 3 months), dialysis, and histopathologically documented recurrence of hepatitis C virus hepatitis were significant risk factors. Mortality was significantly higher among patients with fungal infections than among all other patients (57% vs. 15%; P = .0009). Our study identified specific risk factors for invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus; strategies to prevent fungal infections or to initiate early antifungal therapy might be most effectively targeted at these patients.
Prediction of Protein-Protein Interfaces on G-Protein β Subunits Reveals a Novel Phospholipase C β2 Binding Domain

Gbeta subunits from heterotrimeric G-proteins (guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) directly bind diverse proteins, including effectors and regulators, to modulate a wide array of signaling cascades. These numerous interactions constrained the evolution of the molecular surface of Gbeta. Although mammals contain five Gbeta genes comprising two classes (Gbeta1-like and Gbeta5-like), plants and fungi have a single ortholog, and organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster contain one copy from each class. A limited number of crystal structures of complexes containing Gbeta subunits and complementary biochemical data highlight specific sites within Gbetas needed for protein interactions. It is difficult to determine from these interaction sites what, if any, additional regions of the Gbeta molecular surface comprise interaction interfaces essential to Gbeta's role as a nexus in numerous signaling cascades. We used a comparative evolutionary approach to identify five known and eight previously unknown putative interfaces on the surface of Gbeta. We show that one such novel interface occurs between Gbeta and phospholipase C beta2 (PLC-beta2), a mammalian Gbeta interacting protein. Substitutions of residues within this Gbeta-PLC-beta2 interface reduce the activation of PLC-beta2 by Gbeta1, confirming that our de novo comparative evolutionary approach predicts previously unknown Gbeta-protein interfaces. Similarly, we hypothesize that the seven remaining untested novel regions contribute to putative interfaces for other Gbeta interacting proteins. Finally, this comparative evolutionary approach is suitable for application to any protein involved in a significant number of protein-protein interactions.
American Catholic Expansionism: 1886–1894

Durant ces annees, les champions de l'Americanisme, John Ireland, John Keane, D. O'Connell, James Gibbons, apprennent de Monsignor Eugene Boeglin, redacteur en chef du Moniteur de Rome, journal semi-officiel du Vatican, a se servir de la presse catholique internationale pour influencer les decisions de Rome sur des points specifiques, allant dans le sens liberal, socialement, qu'ils defendaient.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of water-soluble amino acid prodrug conjugates derived from combretastatin, dihydronaphthalene, and benzosuberene-based parent vascular disrupting agents

Targeting tumor vasculature represents an intriguing therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer. In an effort to discover new vascular disrupting agents with improved water solubility and potentially greater bioavailability, various amino acid prodrug conjugates (AAPCs) of potent amino combretastatin, amino dihydronaphthalene, and amino benzosuberene analogs were synthesized along with their corresponding water-soluble hydrochloride salts. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization and for their cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines. The amino-based parent anticancer agents 7, 8, 32 (also referred to as KGP05) and 33 (also referred to as KGP156) demonstrated potent cytotoxicity (GI50=0.11-40nM) across all evaluated cell lines, and they were strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50=0.62-1.5μM). The various prodrug conjugates and their corresponding salts were investigated for cleavage by the enzyme leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Four of the glycine water-soluble AAPCs (16, 18, 44 and 45) showed quantitative cleavage by LAP, resulting in the release of the highly cytotoxic parent drug, whereas partial cleavage (<10-90%) was observed for other prodrugs (15, 17, 24, 38 and 39). Eight of the nineteen AAPCs (13-16, 42-45) showed significant cytotoxicity against selected human cancer cell lines. The previously reported CA1-diamine analog and its corresponding hydrochloride salt (8 and 10, respectively) caused extensive disruption (at a concentration of 1.0μM) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells growing in a two-dimensional tubular network on matrigel. In addition, compound 10 exhibited pronounced reduction in bioluminescence (greater than 95% compared to saline control) in a tumor bearing (MDA-MB-231-luc) SCID mouse model 2h post treatment (80mg/kg), with similar results observed upon treatment (15mg/kg) with the glycine amino-dihydronaphthalene AAPC (compound 44). Collectively, these results support the further pre-clinical development of the most active members of this structurally diverse collection of water-soluble prodrugs as promising anticancer agents functioning through a mechanism involving vascular disruption.
But how do we really debug transactional memory programs

With recent announcements of hardware transactional memory (HTM) systems from IBM and Intel, HTM will soon be available for widescale adoption. Such platforms, combined with tested and stable software transactional memory systems, are likely to make real transactional memory (TM) systems available for the first time, which promises to be a more attractive alternative than lock-based parallel programming in terms of programmability and performance.With these first-ever real systems come several open questions. Perhaps one of the most obvious is, "how does one debug a TM program that uses real hardware?" While prior research in this area exists, there are, to the best of our knowledge, no commercially-available TM debuggers and only a handful of research projects exploring such possibilities, many of which use simulated HTMs that may utilize unrealistic hardware. In this paper, we motivate the need for more than traditional and ad hoc debugging support. We then propose a novel record-and-replay system, based on existing research prototypes and demonstrate its usefulness by reviewing several use cases in TM programming, restricting use to real features in IBM and Intel's HTMs.
Time-dependence of hyperoxia-induced impairment in peripheral chemoreceptor activity and glomus cell calcium response.

In mammals, transient exposure to hyperoxia for a period of weeks during perinatal life leads to impairment of the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia, which may persist long beyond the duration of the hyperoxia exposure. The impairment of the ventilatory response to hypoxia is due to hyperoxia-induced reduction of carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypoxia. We previously demonstrated that hyperoxia exposure in rats, from birth to two weeks of age, profoundly reduced carotid chemoreceptor single axonal responses to acute hypoxia challenge. However, the time course and mechanisms of this impairment are not known. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hyperoxia (FiO2 = 0.6) on neonatal rats after 1, 3, 5, 8, and 14 days of exposure, starting at postnatal day 7. Carotid chemoreceptor single unit activities, nerve conduction time and glomus cell calcium responses to acute hypoxia were recorded in vitro. After 1 day in hyperoxia, single unit spiking rate in response to acute hypoxia was increased compared to controls. After 5 days in hyperoxia, the spiking response to acute hypoxia was significantly reduced compared to controls, nerve conduction time was lengthened and the glomus cell calcium response to acute hypoxia was reduced compared to controls. We conclude that perinatal exposure to hyperoxia, in rats, impairs the glomus cell calcium response (pre-synaptic) and the afferent nerve excitability (post-synaptic). The time course indicates that hyperoxia exerts these effects within days.
Nana Last: Wittgenstein’s House: Language, Space, and Architecture

A review of Nana Last´s Wittgenstein’s House: Language, Space, and Architecture (New York: Fordham UP, 2008, 207 pp. ISBN 978-0-8232-2880-5)
Protein Kinase Cβ (PKCβ): Nomal Functions and Dieases

PKC beta I and PKC beta II are DAG- and Ca(2+)-dependent conventional or classical isoforms of protein kinase C. Generated by alternative splicing from a single gene, they differ at their C-terminal 50 (beta I) or 52 (beta II) residues. They are expressed as major PKC isoforms in a variety of tissues, and thus the functions ascribed to "PKC" based on early studies using phorbol esters and PKC inhibitors could be attributed to them. As tools to probe into isoform-specific functions have recently become available, our understanding of the normal functions of these isoforms has dramatically increased. This minireview will focus mainly on two areas of signal transduction where the roles of PKC beta I and PKC beta II are relatively well-characterized: immunoreceptor and insulin receptor systems. Their involvement in disorders due to pertubations in these signaling systems, i.e., immunodeficiencies and diabetes, is also reviewed. Finally, patterns of PKC action in these and other biologic systems are discussed.
Design and fabrication of a Mach 8 contoured nozzle for the LENS facility

A contoured Mach 8 nozzle has been designed and constructed for the Calspan-University at the Buffalo Research Center Large Energy National Shock Tunnel (LENS) facility to provide a capability to conduct full scale interceptor testing at altitudes from 10 km and scramjet combustor testing in the velocity range of 1.5-4.5 km/sec. This nozzle together with the existing high Mach number D-nozzle will expand the capability of this facility to cover a range of Mach numbers from Mach 6 through Mach 18. The design approach for this axisymmetric nozzle is based upon the classical method of characteristics technique with a boundary layer correction added to the inviscid contour. In addition, imperfect gas effects have been accounted for in the design process. These include thermochemical equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and real gas effects due to the very high nozzle reservoir pressures. (Author)
Centrifichem evaluation: part 3

At previous meetings of the A.A.C.B. we have reported on some of the problems encountered in using CentrifiChem for routine work. The current report is concerned with our continuing experience, making particular reference to machine modifications initiated by the Electronics Department of this Hospital now that a significant part of the routine is being processed by CentrifiChem. Maintenance and adjustment of the system in-house over a 2-yr period has resulted in data accumulation which has been useful in predicting system malfunctions and failure modes, and the magnitude and source of errors. As a result a maintenance quality control programme has been initiated to highlight problems before they become grossly manifest. Hardware and software development is proceeding locally (within the Hospital) to upgrade the system in terms of accuracy, precision and reliability. Tests have been divided into 2 groups: 1. Urea, Creatinine, Cholesterol; 2. Protein, Albumin, GOT, GPT, CK, Alkaline Phos., γGT, all tests in a particular group being done whenever I or more of that group is requested. Group 1 tests require a total volume of 65 μl Group 2 120 μl sample; these amounts are well within reason when dealing with infants and children. The results obtained by CentrifiChem have been compared with those obtained by the standard manual techniques used in the laboratory. Now that CentrifiChem has been installed in many laboratories throughout Australia, there is a strong case for the publication or at least dissemination of comparable data.
China's Enterprise Marketing and Solutions Problems

As the world economic integration and China's accession to the WTO, China's enterprises have been actively and passively into the highly competitive international market, the new business philosophy and continuous development, innovation, impact on the world of marketing trends. Articles to be from the business marketing environment, marketing concepts, marketing strategies and foreign marketing of several aspects of comparative study, and gives solutions.
The Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Leaching and Absorption under Spring Corn in Dry Arears of North China

Nitrogen fertilizer is a potential contaminant of the ground water.The purpose of study was to determine influence of fertilizer application rate on the N movement in the soil during crop season.The experiment showed that,the nitrogen rate had influence on the N movement in the soil.While application of fertilizer N over the 300kg hm-2,the nitrate accumulation increased in 0-40cm soil layer,and the accumulation peak was in the 50cm layer.After the 50cm the nitrate was decreased gradually.The soil nitrate accumulation of N treatment was greater than the no nitrogen in the 100cm.The economic nitrogen fertilizer was 200kg hm-2.While the nitrogen fertilizer was over 150kg hm-2 the nitrate leaching will occurr under the spring corn in the dry areas of north China.
Damage Control Resuscitation and Surgery in a Forward Combat Setting

Surgical management of the severely injured trauma patient is a balance between managing abnormal physiology and performing definitive repair of injuries. When hemodynamic impairment is present immediate care consistent with Advance Trauma Life Support (ATLSTM) guidelines is required. However, associated vascular and/or visceral compromise carry significant morbidity and mortality that must be addressed. This equilibrium, now manifest in the principles of damage control resuscitation, is the standard approach in trauma surgery. In the setting of combat, a remote and resource-limited environment, several other concerns affect management decisions. Combat casualty care must take into consideration pre-hospital interventions, location, triage, supply, personnel, transportation, security, and operational conditions specific to theaters of conflict. Ultimately damage control is one of many forms of triage within the greater scope of trauma care.
An Atypical Tropomyosin in Drosophila with Intermediate Filament-like Properties

A longstanding mystery has been the absence of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (IFs) from Drosophila despite their importance in other organisms. In the course of characterizing the in vivo expression and functions of Drosophila Tropomyosin (Tm) isoforms, we discovered an essential but unusual product of the Tm1 locus, Tm1-I/C, which resembles an IF protein in some respects. Like IFs, Tm1-I/C spontaneously forms filaments in vitro that are intermediate in diameter between F-actin and microtubules. Like IFs but unlike canonical Tms, Tm1-I/C contains N- and C-terminal low-complexity domains flanking a central coiled coil. In vivo, Tm1-I/C forms cytoplasmic filaments that do not associate with F-actin or canonical Tms. Tm1-I/C is essential for collective border cell migration, in epithelial cells for proper cytoarchitecture, and in the germline for the formation of germ plasm. These results suggest that flies have evolved a distinctive type of cytoskeletal filament from Tm.
Picosecond free radical chemistry in clusters: (CH 3 I) n A state excitation

The combination of picosecond resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI)1,2 and direct ion photodissociation3,4 holds great promise for studying complex reaction mechanisms in size-specific neutral and ionic dusters. We applied these techniques to the study of free radical chemistry initiated by picosecond A state excitation in (CH3I)n clusters.1 Picosecond mass-selective measurements of rapid duster photochemistry provide a new domain for studying the molecular basis of solvation on reactive systems.
Fitting the Pieces Once Again

Someday, perhaps, the international money problem will disappear. Perhaps the nation-state will be phased out as the basic political unit. Or independent countries may merge their currencies into a common international currency.
A Common Suite of Coagulation Proteins Function in Drosophila Muscle Attachment

The organization and stability of higher order structures that form in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to mediate the attachment of muscles are poorly understood. We have made the surprising discovery that a subset of clotting factor proteins are also essential for muscle attachment in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster . One such coagulation protein, Fondue (Fon), was identified as a novel muscle mutant in a pupal lethal genetic screen. Fon accumulates at muscle attachment sites and removal of this protein results in decreased locomotor behavior and detached larval muscles. A sensitized genetic background assay reveals that fon functions with the known muscle attachment genes Thrombospondin ( Tsp ) and Tiggrin (Tig ). Interestingly, Tig is also a component of the hemolymph clot. We further demonstrate that an additional clotting protein, Larval serum protein 1γ (Lsp1γ), is also required for muscle attachment stability and accumulates where muscles attach to tendons. While the local biomechanical and organizational properties of the ECM vary greatly depending on the tissue microenvironment, we propose that shared extracellular protein–protein interactions influence the strength and elasticity of ECM proteins in both coagulation and muscle attachment.
A Unified Perturbative Dynamics Approach to Online Vehicle Model Identification

The motions of wheeled mobile robots are governed by non-contact gravity forces and contact forces between the wheels and the terrain. Inasmuch as future wheel-terrain interactions are unpredictable and unobservable, high performance autonomous vehicles must ultimately learn the terrain by feel and extrapolate, just as humans do. We present an approach to the automatic calibration of dynamic models of arbitrary wheeled mobile robots on arbitrary terrain. Inputs beyond our control (disturbances) are assumed to be responsible for observed differences between what the vehicle was initially predicted to do and what it was subsequently observed to do. In departure from much previous work, and in order to directly support adaptive and predictive controllers, we concentrate on the problem of predicting candidate trajectories rather than measuring the current slip. The approach linearizes the nominal vehicle model and then calibrates the perturbative dynamics to explain the observed prediction residuals. Both systematic and stochastic disturbances are used, and we model these disturbances as functions over the terrain, the velocities, and the applied inertial and gravitational forces. In this way, we produce a model which can be used to predict behavior across all of state space for arbitrary terrain geometry. Results demonstrate that the approach converges quickly and produces marked improvements in the prediction of trajectories for multiple vehicle classes throughout the performance envelope of the platform, including during aggressive maneuvering.
Analysis of Tourism Dynamics and Special Events through Mobile Phone Metadata.

Tourism has been an increasingly important factor in global economy, society and environment, accounting for a significant share of GDP and labor force. Policy and research on tourism traditionally rely on surveys and economic datasets, which are based on small samples and depict tourism dynamics at low spatial and temporal granularity. Anonymous call detail records (CDRs) are a novel source of data, showing enormous potential in areas of high societal value: such as epidemics, poverty, and urban development. This study demonstrates the added value of using CDRs for the formulation, analysis and evaluation of tourism strategies, at the national and local levels. In the context of the European country of Andorra, we use CDRs to evaluate marketing strategies in tourism, understand tourists' experiences, and evaluate revenues and externalities generated by touristic events. We do this by extracting novel indicators in high spatial and temporal resolutions, such as tourist flows per country of origin, flows of new tourists, tourist revisits, tourist externalities on transportation congestion, spatial distribution, economic impact, and profiling of tourist interests. We exemplify the use of these indicators for the planning and evaluation of high impact touristic events, such as cultural festivals and sports competitions.
Detecting and reconstructing 3d mirror symmetric objects

We present a system that detects 3D mirror-symmetric objects in images and then reconstructs their visible symmetric parts. Our detection stage is based on matching mirror symmetric feature points and descriptors and then estimating the symmetry direction using RANSAC. We enhance this step by augmenting feature descriptors with their affine-deformed versions and matching these extended sets of descriptors. The reconstruction stage uses a novel edge matching algorithm that matches symmetric pairs of curves that are likely to be counterparts. This allows the algorithm to reconstruct lightly textured objects, which are problematic for traditional feature-based and intensity-based stereo matchers.
Backbone Engineering within a Latent β-Hairpin Structure to Design Inhibitors of Polyglutamine Amyloid Formation

Candidates for the toxic molecular species in the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat diseases range from various types of aggregates to "misfolded" monomers. One way to vet these candidates is to develop mutants that restrict conformational landscapes. Previously, we inserted two self-complementary β-hairpin enhancing motifs into a short polyQ sequence to generate a mutant, here called "βHP," that exhibits greatly improved amyloid nucleation without measurably enhancing β-structure in the monomer ensemble. We extend these studies here by introducing single-backbone H-bond impairing modifications αN-methyl Gln or l-Pro at key positions within βHP. Modifications predicted to allow formation of a fully H-bonded β-hairpin at the fibril edge while interfering with H-bonding to the next incoming monomer exhibit poor amyloid formation and act as potent inhibitors in trans of simple polyQ peptide aggregation. In contrast, a modification that disrupts intra-β-hairpin H-bonding within βHP, while also aggregating poorly, is ineffective at inhibiting amyloid formation in trans. The inhibitors constitute a dynamic version of the edge-protection negative design strategy used in protein evolution to limit unwanted protein aggregation. Our data support a model in which polyQ peptides containing strong β-hairpin encouraging motifs only rarely form β-hairpin conformations in the monomer ensemble, but nonetheless take on such conformations at key steps during amyloid formation. The results provide insights into polyQ solution structure and fibril formation while also suggesting an approach to the design of inhibitors of polyQ amyloid growth that focuses on conformational requirements for fibril and nucleus elongation.
Letter by Hasan et al Regarding Article, "Aspirin and Risk of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".

In their meta-analysis of antiplatelet use and risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), Phan et al1 suggested that short-term ( 3 years duration of use. Their findings are most consistent with 2 biases. First, patients are most likely to take ASA in the 3 months preceding aSAH for headaches that are a frequent precursor for aneurysmal enlargement, incipient rupture, or smaller leaks. Thus, ASA use in this setting is most likely a marker of an evolving aneurysm rather than a cause of rupture. If ASA was truly a causal risk factor for aSAH, one should see an increased risk for all time periods. Second, patients and family members are much more likely to recall recent medication use associated with a clinical event rather than medication use in the more distant past, unless medication use has …
Cognitive behavioral therapy for body image and self-care (CBT-BISC) in sexual minority men living with HIV: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE Body image disturbance is a distressing and interfering problem among many sexual minority men living with HIV, and is associated with elevated depressive symptoms and poor HIV self-care (e.g., antiretroviral therapy [ART] nonadherence). The current study tested the preliminary efficacy of a newly created intervention: cognitive-behavioral therapy for body image and self-care (CBT-BISC) for this population. METHOD The current study entailed a 2-arm randomized controlled trial (N = 44) comparing CBT-BISC to an enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) condition. Analyses were conducted at 3 and 6 months after baseline. The primary outcome was body image disturbance (BDD-YBOCS), and secondary outcomes were ART adherence (electronically monitored via Wisepill), depressive symptoms (MADRS), and global functioning (GAF). RESULTS At 3 months, the CBT-BISC condition showed substantial improvement in BDD-YBOCS (b = -13.6, SE = 2.7, 95% CI [-19.0, -8.3], p < .001; dppc2 = 2.39); MADRS (b = -4.9, SE = 2.8, 95% CI [-10.6, .70], p = .086; dppc2 = .87); ART adherence (b = 8.8, SE = 3.3, 95% CI [2.0, 15.6], p = .01; dppc2 = .94); and GAF (b = 12.3, SE = 3.2, 95% CI [6.1, 18.6], p < .001; dppc2 = 2.91) compared with the ETAU condition. Results were generally maintained, or improved, at 6 months; although, adherence findings were mixed depending on the calculation method. CONCLUSIONS CBT-BISC shows preliminary efficacy in the integrated treatment of body image disturbance and HIV self-care behaviors among sexual minority men living with HIV. (PsycINFO Database Record
Abstract NTOC-119: VCP INHIBITORS INDUCE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS AND SYNERGISTICALLY KILL OVARIAN CANCER CELLS IN COMBINATION WITH SALUBRINAL OR MIFEPRISTONE

Valosin-containing protein (VCP) or p97, a member of AAA-ATPase protein family, has been linked to several cellular functions including endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), cell division, golgi-membrane reassembly and autophagy. Recent studies have indicated VCP as one of the vulnerabilities in ovarian cancer. Here, we show that treatment with CB-5083, an orally bioavailable compound derived from previously identified quinazoline scaffold-based VCP inhibitor ML240, contributes to cytotoxicity in high-grade serous or clear cell ovarian cancer cell lines. CB-5083 treatment results in increased unfolded protein response (UPR), accumulation of cell cycle proteins as a result of inhibition of proteosomal degradation, cell cycle arrest at G1, and subsequent cell death mediated by both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. These results support an emerging concept that ER stress pathway can be therapeutically targeted in ovarian cancer. Since CB-5083 induces CHOP-dependent apoptosis, we tested the extent to which VCP inhibitors act synergistically with salubrinal, a compound that inhibits GADD34 and enhances eIF2α phosphorylation. Results from Sulforadamine B and clonogenic assays indicate that VCP inhibitors and salubrinal act synergistically across various concentrations of drug combination. Based on recent studies indicating that mifepristone, a steroidal antagonist to progesterone and glucocorticoid, induce ER stress and subsequent cell death, we also tested the potential drug synergies between VCP inhibitors and mifepristone. Our results indicate these drugs act synergistically across various concentrations in ovarian cancer cells. Analysis of TCGA RNA-sequencing datasets indicate VCP expression is down-regulated in cisplatin-resistant tumor samples compared to cisplatin-sensitive cancer. This data is consistent with the fact that tumors with lower expression of VCP shows significant association with poor progression-free survival and overall survivor. Finally, our results indicate that cells with lower expression of VCP are more sensitive to VCP inhibitors than those with higher expression. Considering that cisplatin-resistant tumor samples have lower expression of VCP, VCP inhibitors may be a good therapeutic candidate to treat cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. Collectively, our results provide evidence that VCP inhibitors can be used as a single agent and can be synergized with compounds that prolong or induce ER stress in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Prabhakar Bastola, Frank J. Schoenen, Jeremy Chien. VCP INHIBITORS INDUCE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) STRESS AND SYNERGISTICALLY KILL OVARIAN CANCER CELLS IN COMBINATION WITH SALUBRINAL OR MIFEPRISTONE [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr NTOC-119.
Ta-Nehisi Coates and Roxanne Gay: Ethos or Alienation?

This essay discusses the established ethos of Ta-Nehisi Coates’ Between the World and Me and Roxanne Gay’s Bad Feminist. By examining the authors against the standards of credibility as set by rhetoricians such as Erving Goffman and Aristotle, conclusions may be drawn about their efficacy. From that point, it may be derived how the ethos of the authors’ messages is affected by their use of rhetoric.
Does community context influence reproductive outcomes of Mexican origin women in San Diego, California?

An increasing body of literature documenting what has become known as “the Epidemiological Paradox” has shown that some immigrant groups to the United States tend to have healthier birth outcomes than would be expected given their sociodemographic profiles. Furthermore, the children of these immigrants do not seem to enjoy the same advantage in reproductive health that their parents did. This phenomenon, though amply documented in the literature, has not been sufficiently explained. We investigate the role of assimilation in this paradox, and we do so within a spatial framework. We examine the effect of residence in a Mexican enclave in the attenuation of risk of low birth weight (LBW) for Mexican-origin mothers in San Diego County, California. We find that Mexican-origin women do seem to enjoy a reduced risk of giving birth to an LBW baby when they live in a Mexican enclave.
Medical Costs for Osteoporosis-Related Fractures in High-Risk Medicare Beneficiaries

OBJECTIVES To estimate the incremental direct medical care costs associated with first fracture observable in high‐risk older adults. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of claims and survey data over a 3‐year period from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative biennial study of individuals aged 50 and older. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Participants were HRS respondents who consented to have their Medicare claims data linked to the HRS data, were aged 65 or older, had at least 1 risk factor for fracture observable in the data, and experienced a fracture between 1996 and 2008 (n = 689) and their propensity score–matched controls (n = 689). MEASUREMENTS Total Medicare, inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, physician office visit, and prescription drug care expenditures were primary outcomes. Two‐staged generalized linear models were estimated using a difference‐in‐differences model. RESULTS Fracture cases’ total Medicare expenditures increased by $13,929 (95% confidence interval (CI)=$11,920–15,938, p <.001) more than those of matched controls from the year before the index or fracture date to 1 year after the index date. Inpatient expenditures of $12,751 (95% CI=$10,790–14,7111, p < .001) more for fracture cases than comparison cases primarily drove this increase. Two and 3 years after fracture, there were no significant differences in growth in expenditures between the two groups. Results did not vary according to whether the fracture was at the hip or other site. CONCLUSION Fractures impose a significant economic burden, especially in the first year after the fracture, in Medicare beneficiaries with at least 1 risk factor for fracture. Our sample was limited to community‐dwelling individuals, and we are unable to control for fracture history before the study period. Costs may be greater for those in skilled nursing and similar facilities and for those who have had a previous fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2298–2304, 2018.
A Multiple-Mini Interview (MMI) for Emergency Medicine Residency Admissions: A Brief Report and Qualitative Analysis.

Author(s): Boysen-Osborn, Megan; Wray, Alisa; Hoonpongsimanont, Wirachin; Chakravarthy, Bharath; Suchard, Jeffrey R; Wiechmann, Warren; Toohey, Shannon | Abstract: IntroductionA multiple-mini interview (MMI) is a type of structured interview, which may assess many non-cognitive domains in residency applicants. There are few studies on MMI during the emergency medicine (EM) residency admissions process in the United States. We sought to determine the strengths, weaknesses, and acceptability of a pilot MMI for EM residency admissions.MethodsWe piloted a five-station MMI with nine residency applicants. Following the MMI, we surveyed all participants, using 15 open- and closed-ended questions. Using grounded theory analysis, we coded the responses to the post-intervention survey to uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the MMI for EM residency admissions.ResultsAll nine students completed the survey. A positive theme that emerged from the survey was that the MMI was a positive, unexpected experience (all respondents, n=9). Candidates felt they were able to showcase unique talents, which would not be observed during a traditional interview (n=3). A negative theme that emerged from the survey was that the experience was intimidating (n=3). Candidates felt that the MMI left out important aspects of a typical interview day (n=3); such as, time for the candidate to become more familiar with the program.ConclusionsAn MMI may be a positive experience for candidates, but may also induce more anxiety. The MMI may omit an important piece of the interview day: an opportunity for the applicants to familiarize themselves with the residency program.
“Ever Since Castro: Thomas F. Glick, Medieval Spain, and Convivencia”

This chapter is an examination of Thomas F. Glick’s intellectual development and unique approach to the history of Spain from the beginning of his career in 1957 (when he entered the “History and Science” program at Harvard University) to 1980 (when his theoretical approaches had fully crystallized and his research interests shifted from medieval to modern subjects). In particular, it focuses on and contextualizes the scholars and theories that most heavily influenced him, the evolution of his theoretical approaches, and the pivotal role that he played in the convivencia debate.
Overcoming Resistance to Change: Using Narratives to Create More Positive Intergroup Attitudes:

Researchers and practitioners have proposed numerous methods to reduce prejudice and create more positive attitudes toward members of other groups. However, empirical support for the effectiveness ...
META-ANALYSIS OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LOW DOSE RIVAROXABAN IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

The effects of low dose rivaroxaban (2.5 mg BID) on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) receiving background antiplatelet therapy remains uncertain. Five randomized controlled trials reporting CV outcomes in ≥500 patients at ≥ 1 year were selected using MEDELINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL
Sensitivity of Derived Clinical Biomarkers to rs-fMRI Preprocessing Software Versions

When common software packages (CONN and SPM) are used to process fMRI, results such as functional connectivity measures can substantially differ depending on the versions of the packages used and the tools used to convert image formats such as DICOM to NIFTI. The significance of these differences are illustrated within the context of a realistic research application: finding moderators of antidepressant response from a large psychiatric study of 288 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Significant differences in functional connectivity measurements and discrepancies in derived moderators were found between nearly all software configurations. These results should encourage researchers to be vigilant of software versions during fMRI preprocessing, to maintain consistency throughout each project, and to carefully report versions to facilitate reproducibility.
Evaluation of Stormwater Control Measure Performance Uncertainty

AbstractThe percentage removal metric is widely used in engineering practice for stormwater control measure (SCM) selection and design, because it has been adopted by regulatory agencies and becaus...
Modeling urban growth using video prediction technology: A time‐dependent convolutional encoder–decoder architecture

Abstract This paper presents a novel methodology for urban growth prediction using a machine learning approach. The methodology treats successive historical satellite images of an urban area as a v...