cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LONG-DURATION LOW-FREQUENCY TYPE III BURSTS AND SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS

We analyzed the coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, and type II radio bursts associated with a set of three complex, long-duration, low-frequency ( 15 minutes) normally used to define these bursts. One of the three type III bursts was not associated with a type II burst, which also lacked a solar energetic particle (SEP) event at energies >25 MeV. The 1 MHz duration of the type III burst (28 minutes) for this event was near the median value of type III durations found for gradual SEP events and ground level enhancement events. Yet, there was no sign of an SEP event. On the other hand, the other two type III bursts from the same active region had similar duration but were accompanied by WAVES type II bursts; these bursts were also accompanied by SEP events detected by SOHO/ERNE. The CMEs for the three events had similar speeds, and the flares also had similar size and duration. This study suggests that the occurrence of a complex, long-duration, low-frequency type III burst is not a good indicator of an SEP event.
A Functional Specification Notation for Co-Design of Mixed Analog-Digital Systems

This paper discusses aBlox - a specification notation for high-level synthesis of mixed-signal systems. aBlox addresses three important aspects of mixed-signal system specification: (1) description of functionality and (2) performance issues and (3) expression of analog-digital interactions. The semantics of aBlox embeds concepts and rules of a functional computational model, and uses a declarative style to denote performance elements. The paper shows some mixed-signal specifications that we developed in aBlox. Finally, we describe a high-level analog synthesis experiment that used aBlox specifications as inputs.
Shigella flexneri DegP Facilitates IcsA Surface Expression and Is Required for Efficient Intercellular Spread

A degP mutant of Shigella flexneri was identified in a screen for insertion mutants that invaded cultured cells but did not form wild-type plaques in monolayers. The degP mutant SM1100 invaded Henle cells at wild-type levels and induced apoptosis in macrophages but formed smaller plaques than those formed by wild-type S. flexneri in confluent monolayers of Henle and Caco-2 cells. The proportion of SM1100 bacteria with IcsA localized to the bacterial pole, a process required for actin polymerization into actin “tails,” was reduced compared to results with wild-type bacteria. The reduction in proper IcsA localization may account for the reduced plaque size of the degP mutant. Although DegP is a protease, the protease activity of S. flexneri DegP was not required for IcsA localization or the formation of plaques in Henle cell monolayers. DegP was also required for efficient polar IcsA localization in E. coli expressing icsA. In addition, the growth or survival of SM1100 was compromised compared to that of the wild type at elevated temperatures and in acidic conditions.
Algorithmic macromodelling methods for mixed-signal systems

Electronic systems today, especially those for communications and sensing, are typically composed of a complex mix of digital and mixed-signal circuit blocks. Verifying such systems prior to fabrication is challenging due to their size and complexity. Automated model generation is becoming an increasingly important component of methodologies for effective system verification. In this paper, we review algorithmically-based model generation methods for linear and nonlinear systems. We comment on the development of such macromodelling methods over the last decade, clarify their domains of application and evaluate their strengths and current limitations.
Consistency versus completeness in medical decision-making: Exemplar of 155 patients autopsied after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Diagnoses made at autopsy are usually yes-no (binary) decisions inferred from clinicopathologic data. A major conceptual problem in determining cause of death is that variables used in classifying some patients may be missing in other patients. A model with too few logical implications will be mathematically incomplete for small data sets; but a model with too many implications may be inconsistent with large data sets. We examined the 155 patients autopsied after coronary artery bypass surgery from The Johns Hopkins Hospital autopsy data base of 43 200 cases. Diagnoses entered on a word processor and transmitted to a minicomputer were solved by the Quine-McCluskey algorithm. Our analysis disclosed that 41% of patients suffered a fatal complication of cardiac surgery; 43% had established surgical complications or unrelated causes of death; and in 17% of cases the cause of death was unexplained. Computerized symbolic logic analysis of medical information is useful in testing the completeness of a proposed set of causes of death.
Neuro-control of an inverted pendulum using Genetic Algorithm

The inverted pendulum is a highly nonlinear and open-loop unstable system. This means that standard linear techniques cannot exactly model and control the nonlinear dynamics of the system. This paper presents the neuro-control of an inverted pendulum using genetic algorithm. The system will be controlled via merging both neural networks and genetic algorithm. This paper focuses on training the neural network, through genetic algorithm, to identify a non-linear controller based on the nonlinear back-stepping control technique. In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks is trained by adaptive learning. The standard feed-forward ANN structure is used to model the controller of the inverted pendulum. This paper presents the simulation results of the controller found after Genetic Algorithm conversion; the system performance will then be compared to a nonlinear controller results. Finally, some important parameters in the Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm are changed to compare and assess their effect on the nonlinear controller (i.e. GA population size, number of generations, processing time, …).
Conducting Systematic Reviews to Inform Occupational Therapy Practice

Systematic reviews (SRs) are increasingly used in the health professions to evaluate research evidence to guide practice and justify reimbursement for services. Despite the importance of SRs in the health professions, there is no definitive guide for how to conduct a useful, high-quality review. In this article we will (1) provide an overview of the process of writing a traditional SR with particular emphasis on design and conduct, (2) discuss limitations of the traditional SR in occupational therapy, and (3) describe how information is synthesized and used for clinical practice.
Abusive Men’s Indirect Control of Their Partner During the Process of Separation

The current study evaluates the impact of prior controlling behavior and physical abuse on indirect abuse during the process of separation. The sample includes women in the New York City family court system from 2002 to 2005 who had at least one child with the male she was obtaining an order of protection against. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the impact of prior physical abuse and controlling behavior on if the abusive partner told lies to the children, kept the children longer or contacted the woman’s family or friends over the follow-up period. Women experienced a decline in the occurrence of physical abuse but did not experience the same decline in controlling behaviors over the follow-up period. Level of education and employment status of the couple may be more appropriate predictors of later indirect abuse over the process of separation than prior physical abuse and controlling behavior.
High-Impact Athletics After Knee Articular Cartilage Repair A Prospective Evaluation of the Microfracture Technique

BackgroundKnee articular cartilage injuries in athletes present a therapeutic challenge and have been identified as an important cause of permanent disability because of the high mechanical joint stresses in athletes.PurposeTo determine whether microfracture treatment of knee articular cartilage injuries can return athletes to high-impact sports and to identify the factors that affect the ability to return to athletic activity.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsThirty-two athletes who regularly participated in high-impact, pivoting sports before articular cartilage injury were treated with microfracture for single articular cartilage lesions of the knee. Functional outcome was prospectively evaluated with a minimum 2-year follow-up by subjective rating, activity-based outcome scores, and the ability for postoperative participation in high-impact, pivoting sports.ResultsAt last follow-up, 66% of athletes reported good or excellent results. Activity of daily living, Marx activity rating sc...
Comparative uptake kinetics and transport of cadmium and phosphate in Phleum pratense‐Glomus deserticolum associations

Mycorrhizal plants (timothy grass, Phleum pretense with Glomus deserticolum) were compared to nonmycorrhizal timothy grass to determine the effect of the mycorrhizal condition on the uptake and transport of cadmium. Companion experiments were conducted to ascertain phosphate uptake kinetics of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. Divalent cation competition experiments also were employed in this study. Comparisons of the high-affinity uptake mechanisms between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants identified higher levels of phosphate uptake were due to an increase in the number of uptake sites rather than to differences in affinity. The respective values for K[sub m] for high-affinity phosphate uptake were 2.5 [plus minus] 1.3 [mu]MP (mycorrhizal) and 3.4 [plus minus] 1.3 [mu]MP (nonmycorrhizal), but these values were not statistically different at the [alpha] = 0.05 level. High-affinity Cd[sup 2+] uptake differed significantly between mycorrhizal (4.5 [plus minus] 2.8 [mu]M) and nonmycorrhizal (2.8 [plus minus] 1.1 [mu]M) plants. Presence of Ca[sup 2+] at 1.0mM concentration conferred considerable competitive protection in both the mycorrhizal and the nonmycorrhizal conditions. The effect of Ca[sup 2+] was an approximate fourfold increase in the respective K[sub m] values.
Hurricane tritium II: Air-sea exchange of water in Betsy 1965

The radial and vertical distribution of tritium (as HTO) in rain water and in water vapor was investigated in hurricane Betsy on four days, each day having different storm characteristics. On one day, 3 September, stratospheric subsidence was detected in the eye. The tritium concentration of underlying seawater was also measured. The molecular exchange of water at the air/sea interface was clearly exhibited on all four days, and the extent of exchange increased with increasing storm intensity. On 3 September the wall cloud vapor had a composition equivalent to 86% seawater vapor and 14% vapor from outside the storm envelope. Together with the measured radial distribution of total wind velocity and reasonable assumptions of the effect of spray on rate of exchange, the tritium data were used to calculate possible distributions of relative inflow angle and of specific vapor inflow. A maximum in the inflow function around 120 km was obtained in one case, indicating subsidence between 200 km and 120 km. In the same area the distribution of tritium changes drastically from a vertical gradient to vertically well mixed and a horizontal gradient. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00401.x
One Validation Case of the CFD Software Fluent: Part of the Development Effort of a New Reactor Analysis Tool

To model Generation IV reactor systems in detail, INEEL is currently developing a new thermal hydraulic analysis tool coupling RELAP5-3D / ATHENA© and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent. One of the first steps in this endeavor is extensive validation and verification (V&V) of Fluent for various situations of interest, such as the abrupt expansion of a gas entering a gas-cooled reactor core. Fluent results were compared to validation data provided by Baughn, et al. on turbulent air flow through an axisymmetric pipe expansion with constant wall heat flux [1] and uniform wall temperature [2]. Fluent peak Nusselt numbers varied 25% from validation data—well outside experimental uncertainties of 5%. However, non-peak Nusselt numbers varied only 10% from validation data and fully-developed Nusselt numbers were in good agreement with widely-accepted empirical relations such as the Dittus-Boelter Correlation.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
ESPRIT with perturbed subarrays

The effectiveness of the ESPRIT direction-finding algorithm in the presence of array perturbations is addressed. For the single-signal case, expressions are found for the errors in the angle of arrival due to element location perturbations, element gain and phase errors, and subarray rotations. Results are also presented for the multiple signal situation. For random location perturbations, the variance in the angle of arrival is shown to be proportional to the variance in the perturbations. The optimal array for insensitivity to perturbations is found. An ESPRIT extension which corrects for known perturbations is presented. >
Divergent photic thresholds in the non-image-forming visual system: entrainment, masking and pupillary light reflex

Light is the principal cue that entrains the circadian timing system, but the threshold of entrainment and the relative contributions of the retinal photoreceptors—rods, cones and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells—are not known. We measured thresholds of entrainment of wheel-running rhythms at three wavelengths, and compared these to thresholds of two other non-image-forming visual system functions: masking and the pupillary light reflex (PLR). At the entrainment threshold, the relative spectral sensitivity and absolute photon flux suggest that this threshold is determined by rods. Dim light that entrained mice failed to elicit either masking or PLR; in general, circadian entrainment is more sensitive by 1–2 log units than other measures of the non-image-forming visual system. Importantly, the results indicate that dim light can entrain circadian rhythms even when it fails to produce more easily measurable acute responses to light such as phase shifting and melatonin suppression. Photosensitivity to one response, therefore, cannot be generalized to other non-image-forming functions. These results also impact practical problems in selecting appropriate lighting in laboratory animal husbandry.
When can noninferior be superior? The multidimensional nature of clinical decision-making calls for innovative approaches to clinical trials.

The use of drug-eluting stents (DES) has dramatically changed the face of interventional cardiology with a substantial reduction in repeat revascularization procedures. However, there has not been a reduction in the major cardiovascular events such as death and myocardial infarction (MI) with the
Recognizing multiple personality disorder

1. It currently takes an average of 5 to 7 years and repeated hospitalizations for a person with multiple personality disorder (MPD) to be accurately diagnosed. 2. Reasons for misdiagnosis include the assumption that MPD is rare, the complex polysymptomatic presentation of the disorder, and failure of standard psychiatric histories to elicit pertinent diagnostic information. 3. Nurses are often the first to observe the behavioral, clinical, and physiological symptoms associated with MPD. 4. It is important to include questions that will elicit pertinent diagnostic information in the nursing history and assessment. As nurses become more adept at recognizing this disorder, individuals with MPD will receive more prompt and appropriate treatment.
The CopC Family: Structural and Bioinformatic Insights into a Diverse Group of Periplasmic Copper Binding Proteins.

The CopC proteins are periplasmic copper binding proteins believed to play a role in bacterial copper homeostasis. Previous studies have focused on CopCs that are part of seven-protein Cop or Pco systems involved in copper resistance. These canonical CopCs contain distinct Cu(I) and Cu(II) binding sites. Mounting evidence suggests that CopCs are more widely distributed, often present only with the CopD inner membrane protein, frequently as a fusion protein, and that the CopC and CopD proteins together function in the uptake of copper to the cytoplasm. In the methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, genes encoding a CopCD pair are located adjacent to the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) operon. The CopC from this organism (Mst-CopC) was expressed, purified, and structurally characterized. The 1.46 A resolution crystal structure of Mst-CopC reveals a single Cu(II) binding site with coordination somewhat different from that in canonical CopCs, and the absence of a Cu(I) binding site. Extensive b...
Effect of Friend Virus in Swiss and DBA/1 Mice on Fe59 Uptake.

Summary1. These studies demonstrate that Friend Virus produces in HA/ICR Swiss and DBA/1 mice very soon after infection, a marked increase in selective uptake of Fe59 by the spleen. This selective uptake is not found in other tissues in Friend Virus Disease. 2. Friend Virus Disease characteristically produces a malignant proliferation of splenic reticulum cells, but is further characterized by a progressive elevation of hematocrit and rbc count which is related to splenic involvement in the disease. 3. The DBA/1 strain is shown to be susceptible to Friend Virus to the same magnitude as HA/ICR Swiss mice.We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Paul Trudel, Andre Bulba, Ruth Deckert, Edward Dywinski, Helen Fox and A. G. Mirand.
In-Office Secondary Tracheoesophageal Puncture with Immediate Prosthesis Placement.

Several techniques for secondary puncture have been described, most of which require general anesthesia or intravenous sedation.2 Techniques for in-office, unsedated secondary TEP have been developed, avoiding anesthetic risk and improving recovery time for the patient, but all have significant limitations.3 In-office TEP typically requires the placement of a red rubber catheter to stent the TEP until the tract becomes more formalized; this requires the patient to return for placement of a voice prosthesis and therapy. We present a safe and effective technique for inoffice secondary TEP with immediate placement and use of a voice prosthesis.
Interactive Planning for Shepherd Motion.

Shepherding problem asks how the movement of an agent (e.g., predator, policeman, or sheepdog) can push a group of agents (e.g., prey, crowd, or sheep) from one position to another. The shepherding problem has many important and practical applications in security, environmental protection, agriculture, education and more. While much research has focused on simulating coordinated group behaviors, the shepherding problem has not received as much attention as it should be. This work investigate the possibility of addressing the shepherding problem using motion planning strategies. From an algorithmic point of view, the shepherding problem is extremely challenging due to its extremely large state space. It is clear that the existing motion planning methods cannot provide an efficient way to solve the problem. Instead, we propose an approach that incorporates computer-human interaction techniques with algorithmic robotics: an interactive motion planning method. In our experimental results, we have shown that this combination indeed provides performance improvement over the human-only and the computeronly approach. Although the proposed work shows promising initial results from our first prototype system, there are still a long way to go before we can have a better understanding of the interactive method for motion planning and the shepherd-
In Vivo Verification of Protein Interactions in the Inner Ear by Coimmunoprecipitation

Genomics has provided us with vast amounts of data and thus, the challenge to identify and characterize gene products. Proteomics analysis, using methods such as yeast two-hybrid screenings, isoelectric focusing, and mass spectroscopy, generate potentially useful information. To determine functional relationships between and among proteins, however, the initial data for putative protein interactions must first be validated. One technique, which is considered the gold standard, is coimmunoprecipitation.
Discussion of: Rank and file employees and the discovery of misreporting: The role of stock options

Call, Kedia and Rajgopal (2016) provide intriguing evidence concerning the apparent role of employee stock options in inducing rank and file employees to be complicit in corporate misconduct. They conclude that granting options to rank and file employees provides incentives for them to facilitate misreporting and discourages them from whistleblowing. In this discussion, I argue that the evidence is largely circumstantial and puzzling in several respects. I conclude that while Call et al. have identified intriguing evidence, further research is required to rule out alternative explanations and to better understand employees’ motives.
Macroscopic Subkelvin Refrigerator Employing Superconducting Tunnel Junctions

Liquid helium is a limited resource that can be difficult to obtain, yet leading-edge research and applications rely on it to reach the very low temperatures needed for, say, quantum computing or magnetic resonance imaging. The authors offer a qualitative advance in the helium-free cooling of macroscopic objects by engineering a robust, thermally isolated stage chilled by superconducting tunnel junctions with an electromechanical heat switch. The cooling power of this macroscopic quantum refrigerator is increased by connecting multiple junction structures in parallel, including structures on completely different silicon substrates.
Incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) Relapse in De Novo Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Abstract In the era of improved outcomes with systemic chemotherapy for de novo adult ALL, prevention of CNS relapse becomes even more paramount. Isolated CNS relapse may herald eventual marrow relapse in the absence of definitive CNS-directed and systemic chemotherapy strategies. CNS prophylaxis can be successfully achieved with intrathecal chemotherapy treatments (IT) in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy inclusive of high-dose methotrexate (MTX) and/or high-dose cytarabine (ara-C) without use of radiation therapy (XRT). The hyper-CVAD regimen (cycles of fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone alternating with cycles of high dose MTX (1 g/m2) and cytarabine (3 gm/m2; 1 gm/m2 for age > 60 yrs) incorporates IT MTX alternating with IT ara-C during the intensive phase of induction-consolidation. The number of IT treatments was determined by CNS risk (4 IT for low risk = LDH 1400 U/L or high proliferative index; 8 IT for indeterminate risk = one of parameters unknown). An analysis performed in 2000 (Kantarjian et al, J Clin Oncol 18: 547, 2000) identified CNS relapse rates of 6%, 2%, and 0% for the low, high, and indeterminate CNS risk groups, respectively. The number of IT administered was modified from 4 to 6, from 16 to 8, and maintained at 8 for these CNS risk groups, respectively, until 2010, at which point all pts received 8 IT. An analysis was conducted to examine the incidence of CNS relapse for 565 pts with de novo ALL treated with hyper-CVAD-based regimens (n=453, inclusive of nelarabine, monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, ofatumumab or inotuzumab, and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, dasatinib or ponatinib) from 2001 to 2014 or with the augmented BFM regimen (one IT ara-C, 15 IT MTX, Capizzi methotrexate) (n=112) from 2006 to 2014. T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (designated for 8 IT) and Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma (designated for 16 IT) cases were excluded from the analysis. The incidence of CNS relapse (n=42) was 7% overall; 59% were isolated CNS relapses (n=25, 5%) without concurrent marrow relapse. Median time to isolated CNS relapse was 19 mos versus 10 mos for concurrent relapse. The incidence of CNS relapse for cases with CNS disease at initial presentation (n=70) was 19%. Factors predictive of higher incidence of CNS relapse included younger age (12% for 30 yrs or younger, 3.5% for 60 yrs or older, p=.01), elevated LDH > 1400 U/L (13% vs 4%, p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Reduced Order Controller Design Method Based on the Youla Parameterization of All Stabilizing Controllers

Abstract Two issues, those of reduced order controller design and computational algorithms, have been given shorter shrift than they deserve; for, if a controller design method is to be considered useful to practitioners, it must yield controllers that can be implemented in hardware and/or software and it must be possible to reliably calculate such controllers. Previous results by others have indicated how the arbitrary parameters of the Youla parameterization can be manipulated to directly yield reduced order controllers; however, no realistic algorithms have been offered. This paper presents a step towards such practical algorithms. Specifically, an efficient and arguably stable algorithm for calculating controllers of order min {v 0 −1, v c −1} that also achieve arbitrary placement of closed loop poles is presented. Additional applications of the algorithm to iterative design and H∞ design are indicated.
Navigating the relationship between policy and practice: competing discourses of fear and care in teachers’ sense-making about the FAIR Education Act

AbstractIn this article, I examine the relationship between large-scale social discourses and local, school discourses as it plays out in conversations about gender and sexuality with and among teachers, specifically in the context of the passage of the Fair, Accurate, Inclusive, and Respectful (FAIR) Education Act in California. Grounded in feminist poststructural theories of discourse, I discuss qualitative data from a year-long study at one public middle school in Southern California where I provided professional development. I examine what happens when teachers are given opportunities to make sense of their roles in attending to topics of gender and sexual diversity, through conversations and dialogue. The following research questions guided my analyses: What themes arise in teachers’ conversations about their roles and responsibilities in the implementation of the FAIR Education Act? (How) are these themes produced in relationship with large-scale social discourses about gender and sexual diversity i...
Continuum theory for rapid cohesive-particle flows: general balance equations and discrete-element-method-based closure of cohesion-specific quantities

The continuum description of rapid cohesive-particle flows comprises the population balance, which tracks various agglomerate sizes in space and time, and kinetic-theory-based balances for momentum and granular energy. Here, fundamental closures are provided in their most general form. In previous population balances, the probability (‘success factor’) that a given collision results in agglomeration or breakage has been set to a constant even though it is well established that the outcome of a collision depends on the impact (relative) velocity. Here, physically based closures that relate the success factors to the granular temperature, a (continuum) measure of the impact velocity, are derived. A key aspect of this derivation is the recognition that the normal component of the impact velocity dictates whether agglomeration occurs. With regard to the kinetic-theory balances, cohesion between particles makes the collisions more dissipative, thereby decreasing the granular temperature. The extra dissipation due to cohesion is accounted for using an effective coefficient of restitution, again determined using the derived distribution of normal impact velocities. This collective treatment of the population and kinetic-theory balances results in a general set of equations that contain several parameters (e.g. critical velocities of agglomeration) that are cohesion-specific (van der Waals, liquid bridging, etc.). The determination of these cohesion-specific quantities using simple discrete element method simulations, as well as validation of the resulting theory, is also presented.
Experiences with Bladder Reconstruction in Children

The results in 56 children (28 with neurogenic bladder dysfunction) undergoing enterocystoplasty between 1981 and 1985 are presented. Ileal, ileocecal, right colon and sigmoid segments were used in tubular and opened configurations. Our experience leads us to recommend opened ileal segment reconstruction in neurogenic bladder patients and those with weak anal sphincters generally, and open ileocecal or open right colon segments in patients with other etiologies. Continence was achieved in 53 patients, although secondary procedures, particularly at the bladder outlet, were required in 13. When ureteral reimplantation was required we achieved excellent success with normal-sized or mildly dilated ureters regardless of the operative technique used. Initial failures to prevent reflux in the face of marked ureterectasis using the ileocecal valve have been resolved by a modified technique of intussusception and fixation. An over-all favorable experience is reported, which we believe permits us to formulate certain rules that will improve the acceptability and success of bladder reconstruction in general.
P450 Pharmacogenetics in Indigenous North American Populations

Indigenous North American populations, including American Indian and Alaska Native peoples in the United States, the First Nations, Metis and Inuit peoples in Canada and Amerindians in Mexico, are historically under-represented in biomedical research, including genomic research on drug disposition and response. Without adequate representation in pharmacogenetic studies establishing genotype-phenotype relationships, Indigenous populations may not benefit fully from new innovations in precision medicine testing to tailor and improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment, resulting in health care disparities. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate what is currently known about cytochrome P450 genetic variation in Indigenous populations in North America and to highlight the importance of including these groups in future pharmacogenetic studies for implementation of personalized drug therapy.
A Default Option to Enhance Nutrition Within Financial Constraints: A Randomized, Controlled Proof‐of‐Principle Trial

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a novel default option intervention targeting nutritional quality of online grocery purchases within the financial constraints of food insecurity. METHODS Female undergraduates (n = 59) without eating disorder symptoms or dietary restrictions selected foods online with a budget corresponding to maximum Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits. Before completing the task again, participants were randomly assigned to receive a $10 incentive for selecting nutritious groceries (n = 17), education about nutrition (n = 24), or a default online shopping cart containing a nutritionally balanced selection of groceries (n = 18) to which they could make changes. Nutritional quality was quantified by using the Thrifty Food Plan Calculator. RESULTS Compared with the education condition, participants in the default condition selected significantly more whole grains and fruits and foods lower in cholesterol, saturated fats, sodium, and overall calories. There were no statistically significant differences in nutritional outcomes between the incentive condition and the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide initial support for the efficacy of a default option in facilitating healthier food choice behaviors within financial constraints.
Communication Skills Training for Surgical Residents: Learning to Relate to the Needs of Older Adults.

Background It is vital for physicians and surgeons to communicate successfully with older adults, who will constitute one-fifth of the US population by 2030. Older adults often perceive themselves as stigmatized and powerless in healthcare settings. Effective communication leads to better patient compliance and satisfaction, which is now a component of Medicare hospital reimbursement and physician and surgeon compensation from hospitals and networks. Objective To increase orthopaedic surgery resident understanding of the unique needs of older adults in order to maintain effective and sensitive communication with this vulnerable population. Design A two-part training program (ongoing for 8 years) comprised of: 1) small-group interactive didactic sessions on aging issues; and 2) workshop demonstrations given by the residents to a group of older adults, followed by a Question & Answer session. Residents were assessed using a 22-item pre–post questionnaire covering medical knowledge of aging, attitudes toward older adults, and personal anxiety about aging. Older adult participants were surveyed for perceptions of residents’ sensitivity toward them. Setting Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City, a specialized urban academic center, with a 5-year Orthopedic Surgery Residency program. Participants 70 PGY3 residents, for whom the program is a requirement, and 711 older adult participants recruited from a community convenience sample. Results Older adult participants: Of 711 participants, 672 (95%) responded; 96% strongly agreed/agreed that the residents had demonstrated sensitivity toward them. Residents: Of 70 residents, 35 (50%) were assessed. Mean knowledge scores increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001); five of nine attitude items (p ≤ 0.05) and one of four anxiety items improved significantly (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Significant change was seen in residents’ attitudes and anxiety levels toward older adults, attributes that are usually deep seated and hard to change. Residents moved along the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones continuum for three core competencies.
Evaluation of AnnAGNPS for simulating the inundation of drained and farmed potholes in the Prairie Pothole Region of Iowa

Abstract Closed surface depressions, also known as “potholes” play an important role in the hydrologic cycle and provide multiple environmental services including flood mitigation, water quality improvements and wildlife habitat. In the Prairie Pothole Region, which covers approximately 715,000 km2, including parts of three Canadian provinces (Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Alberta) and five states in the U.S. (Minnesota, Iowa, North and South Dakota, and Montana), these potholes are typically farmed and are a dominant feature in the landscape. In this study, we evaluate the Annualized Agriculture Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model for simulating the inundation behavior of two farmed potholes, termed Bunny and Walnut, in Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of Iowa. Performance analysis considered the entire growing season (GS), corresponding to the span in which there was observed data, and only days in which water storage (WS) was observed. Results show that AnnAGNPS predicted pothole water depth acceptably but not pothole water volume because of the model’s inability to accurately represent the depth-volume relationship of a pothole. When calibrated to depth, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values were 0.77 and 0.24 in the Walnut pothole and 0.56 and 0.30 in the Bunny pothole, for the GS calibration and validation periods, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the AnnAGNPS model can be used to predict the inundation depth of drained and farmed potholes, which is useful for assessing landscape impacts of these features. Appropriate applications of this model could include impact of inundation on crop yield or simulations of alternative farm management strategies to compare water delivery to the potholes.
Humanitarian Goals, Financial Constraints, and Residual Questions of America's First Vaccine Institute.

The article discusses challenges to physician James Smith regarding the safety and promotion of the first vaccinations in the U.S. Topics include the financial aspects or producing, preserving and shipping vaccinations, Smith's humanitarian goal of extirpating smallpox by relying on lay vaccination, and the government's decision not to finance vaccine production.
Giorgio Agamben: The signature of all things: on method, Luca D’Isanto with Kevin Attell (tr.)

Not unlike Foucault’s reflection on his own method in 1969’s The Archaeology of Knowledge, Agamben’s reflection is written almost like a confession. And, like all good confessions, each of the three essays in this work exhibits Agamben’s own practices all while constructing them. Exemplifying this notion of a ‘‘constructivediscovery,’’ the last essay in this collection (‘‘Philosophical Archaeology’’) clarifies, to a greater degree than ever, how Agamben understands research practice and how he believes the researcher is, can, and perhaps even ought to be oriented. Further, the first and second essays serve to retroactively reveal an orientation in Agamben’s entire corpus which, if read attentively, allow us to situate his archival research within and to differentiate it from contemporary trends in critical theory such as anti-humanism, deconstruction, and ecology. In the end, this book will serve to correct the popular reading of Agamben as a specialist of the ‘‘state of exception’’ and solidify his place as a thinker of utmost importance not only for a specialized field of research, not only for the humanities, but for philosophy and for thinking as such.
Specific and Generic Criteria in Freshwater Oligochaeta, with Special Emphasis on Naididae

Definitions of the species, especially those that are applicable to uniparental species, are reviewed. Characters used to distinguish species may be qualitative or quantitative: the former are possibly more useful than the latter. Among the purely sexual taxa, species determinations are likely to be based upon the genital apparatus; while in the Naididae, the genus is likely to have as a primary character the gonadal placement. At the slightly higher subfamily, or in some cases family, we strongly consider the number of segments formed in anterior regeneration.
Vasoactive drug therapy in shock

The process of supporting the patient in shock with vasoactive infusions is never a static one. There are a variety of vasoactive infusions available; unfortunately, no one medication effectively corrects the numerous abnormalities in all forms of shock and no magic formula exists for combining medications to achieve optimum tissue perfusion. The nurse is challenged to utilize keen assessment skills and sophisticated monitoring techniques to follow the patient's response to changing vasoactive drug therapy. The nurse must collaborate with the physician and other health team members to integrate drug therapy with the other aspects of shock therapy, including fluid repletion, oxygenation and ventilation, metabolic support, and antibiotic therapy to facilitate the successful resuscitation of the patient in shock.
The Influence of Polymer Glass Transition Temperature and Molecular Weight on Drug Release from Tablets Containing Poly(DL-lactic Acid)

Five molecular weight grades of poly(DL-lactic acid) were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and viscometry to determine the effect of molecular weight on the glass transition temperature and the intrinsic viscosity. In addition, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to assess the dynamic storage modulus and the damping factor of the polymer samples by detecting motional and structural transitions over a wide temperature range. Significant relationships were found between the molecular weight and these polymer properties. The five grades of poly(DL-lactic acid) were also incorporated as binders into matrix tablet formulations containing the model drug theophylline and microcrystalline cellulose. Dissolution studies showed significant correlations between the properties of the polymer and the matrix release profiles of the tablets. The release of theophylline slowed down progressively as the polymer molecular weight increased. The differences in release became less significant and reached a limiting asymptotic value as the molecular weight increased to 138,000. Further, tablet index testing was utilized to determine the compaction properties of the polymer granulations. Although there was no correlation with the molecular weight of PLA, brittle fracture index testing indicated very low brittleness for all granulations tested. However, bonding index determinations correlated very well with both the physical-mechanical properties of the polymer and drug release profiles.
Abstract 088: Chronic Efferent Vagal Stimulation Enhances Norepinephrine-mediated Inhibition of Splenic Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Release in Lupus Hypertension

Hypertension is prevalent in the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring with alarming frequency in reproductive-age women. Recent studies implicate the adaptive immune system in the development and maintenance of hypertension, and neuroimmune pathways may regulate this source of inflammation. One example is the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), an endogenous nerve-to-spleen mechanism that regulates splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine release. We hypothesized that this pathway is impaired in SLE and that chronic stimulation of the CAP at the level of the efferent vagus nerve would attenuate hypertension in SLE. Starting at 30 and 32 weeks of age, female NZBWF1 SLE mice and NZW control mice were treated with the pharmacologic efferent vagal stimulators CNI-1493 (CNI; 8mg/kg; twice weekly; i.p.) or galantamine (GAL; 4mg/kg; daily; i.p.), or saline. At 34 weeks of age, we measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), finding that MAP (mmHg) in SLE mice was elevated compared to controls (139.83 ± 4.56 vs. 120.70 ± 2.96; n=4-6/group, p = 0.002), while the rise in MAP was prevented by CNI (134.45 ± 3.07)and GAL (129.25 ± 3.97) in SLE mice. We further hypothesized that splenocytes isolated from SLE mice conditioned by efferent vagal stimulation would release fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines in the presence of norepinephrine, which stimulates splenic β2 adrenergic receptors. We incubated isolated splenocytes for 24 hours at 37°C with and without norepinephrine (100 μM), then measured pro-inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant via ELISA. Compared to control mice, splenocytes from SLE mice secreted 70.7% and 146.5% higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α (8.24 vs. 4.83 and 2.79 vs. 1.13 pg/mL, respectively; n=2/group) in the presence of norepinephrine. Compared to saline-treated SLE mice, splenocytes from CNI and GAL-treated SLE mice released fewer cytokines when incubated with norepinephrine (8.24 vs. 5.31 and 5.79 pg/mL IL-6; 2.79 vs. 2.18 and 0.81 pg/mL TNF-α; n=2/group). These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that stimulation of the CAP at the level of the efferent vagus may promote anti-inflammatory splenocyte activity, which may be protective against hypertension in the setting of chronic inflammation.
Controversies in Open Globe Injury Management

Every year, open globe injuries (OGIs) affect approximately 266,000 patients worldwide (Negrel and Thylefors B. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998;5:143–69). The management of these patients remains controversial, particularly for the following areas: antibiotic prophylaxis for endophthalmitis, repair of posterior ruptures, injuries with lens disruption, repair of eyes with no light perception (NLP), and the risk for developing sympathetic ophthalmia. This chapter will review these controversial topics in the management of open globe injuries. We will first present an evidence based review of the current literature in this area, followed by an expert opinion by one of our editors.
Neuromuscular ultrasound for assessment of peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients receiving taxane therapy.

e22083Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs in 40% of breast cancer patients receiving taxanes and may lead to early treatment discontinuation. Taxane microtubular hy...
Comparison between Batch and Continuous Monoclonal Antibody Production and Economic Analysis

This work aims to evaluate the benefits of the continuous process in biopharmaceutical manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). An integrated continuous process is designed and built using a process simulator and compared with a fed-batch process production line. The comparisons are based on cost of goods (COG/g) calculation and sensitivity analysis. The fed-batch process results in operating COG/g of $99/g in mAbs production, whereas the continuous process accounts for $51/g. Because of the smaller footprint and fewer storage tanks required in the continuous process, the facility cost reduced by 66%, compared to the fed-batch process. In continuous production, there is a better utilization of the primary capture resin, which leads to a reduction in consumables cost by 68%. Sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the process in different manufacturing scales (50–1200 kg/yr), upstream titers (1.5–5.5 g/L), and downstream yield (70%–80%). Cost savings can be observed through the entire range.
Abstract TP73: Perfusion Values in Ischemic Core Depend on Time from Onset in Acute Stroke

Introduction: Infarct core in perfusion imaging is defined by rCBF regardless of time from onset. Hypothesis: Perfusion values and optimal perfusion thresholds for ischemic core depend on onset-to-...
Nuclear response functions with low-momentum interactions

Linear density response functions for nuclear matter are calculated with separable 1S0 and 3S1 2-nucleon interactions obtained from experimental phase-shifts by inverse scattering techniques. It has been shown that results of nuclear matter binding energy Brueckner calculations with these potentials agree closely with those using realistic Bonn interactions. It has also been shown that low-momentum versions give binding energies (nearly) independent of momentum cut-offs $\Lambda \geq \sim 2$ fm-1. Shown here is that the $\Lambda = 2$ rank-one version of the separable interaction (for the S-states) yields a near agreement between a second-order and an all-order (Brueckner) binding energy calculation. Second order calculations of response functions are then made with this version using a method that Kwong and Bonitz used for the Coulomb gas. It is based on time-evolving two-time Green’s functions by Kadanoff-Baym (KB) equations. The effect of correlations, going beyond the conventional HF+RPA method, is included by “dressing” the Green’s function propagators with time-dependent complex self-energies in addition to the real HF-field. It would be of interest to see if the calculated response is also, like the binding energy, independent of cut-offs larger than $\sim 2$ fm-1. That would require using separable potentials of a higher rank, not accommodated by the present computer program. Some results with a 1.5 fm-1 cut-off are however also shown below together with those with a 2.0 fm-1 cut-off. The KB-equations are time-evolved until the nuclear medium is fully correlated. The time-dependent density response to an external perturbation is then registered and Fourier transformed to obtain energy-dependent density response functions. Most previous calculations have been made with in-medium effective (e.g., Gogny or Skyrme) interactions. The medium dependence is in the present calculations contained in the second-order terms.