cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ITEM CONTENT AND GROUP MEMBERSHIP ON ACHIEVEMENT TEST ITEMS

It is often argued that certain types of items are biased against some groups. Of particular concern is the possibility that non-essential characteristics of particular test items may result in misleadingly poor performance for minority and/or socioeconomically disadvantaged children. For example, when vocabulary is incidental to the skill that the items are purported to measure (e.g., an arithmetic story problem), then the use of words that are less familiar to members of one group than to another may result in a biased indication of the relative performance of the two groups. A variety of student characteristics could interact with item characteristics to affect overall performance on a test. Ethnic group membership or socioeconomic status are but two of many potentially important characteristics. Differences in motivation or in test taking anxiety could also lead to interactions with characteristics of test items. The identification and understanding of possible interactions between student characteristics and the characteristics of items used to measure student achievement could contribute to the development of improved measurement procedures. Characteristics which have the potential to distort test results by interacting undesirably with student characteristics can be investigated experimentally. Item characteristics would be systematically varied and the performance of groups differing in characteristics such as socioeconomic status or level of anxiety would be compared experimentally. A study by Medley and Quirk (1974) is an example of this approach. Medley and Quirk used altered content specifications for the general education items of the National Teacher Examinations (NTE). For two experimental forms of the examination, the proportion of items involving contemporary culture (modern items) and the proportion of items involving black cultural contributions (black items) were increased and the proportion of items dealing with classical contributions (traditional items) was reduced. The relative performance of black and white candidates was then compared on the three types of items. The black candidates did relatively better on the black and modern items than on traditional items, and, when black and modern items were compared, their relative performance was better on the black items.
Systemic treatment of adult atopic dermatitis.

#### Key Points The prevalence of atopic dermatitis has trippled over the last 30 years and cost the UK economy £465 million per annum Loss of function mutations in the fillagrin gene are strongly associated with severe atopic dermatitis phenotypes Systemic treatment by a dermatologist should be
Dynamic intraventricular obstruction during dobutamine stress echocardiography. A new observation.

BACKGROUND The implications of hypotension occurring during dobutamine stress echocardiography have not been elucidated. We observed in some patients that hyperdynamic left ventricular function developed during dobutamine stress echocardiography and hypothesized that intracavitary obstruction was occurring and might account for hypotension in some patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-seven consecutive patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography underwent pulsed-wave and continuous-wave Doppler examination of the left ventricular cavity at rest and at peak dobutamine infusion. The development of an intraventricular gradient with dobutamine stress was defined as a late-peaking left ventricular Doppler velocity profile that exceeded basal velocity by at least 1 m/sec. During dobutamine stress testing, left ventricular outflow velocity or intracavitary velocity increased in all patients. Obstruction occurred in 12 patients (21%, group 1). Group 2 was the remaining 45 patients. Peak velocities in group 1 ranged from 2.0 to 5.0 m/sec (mean, 3.5 m/sec), and the mean increase from velocity at rest was 2.3 m/sec. The mean change in systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in patients in group 1 (-15 versus 4 mm Hg, p = 0.02). When the 18 patients with an ischemic response to stress testing (evidenced by new or worsening wall motion abnormalities) were excluded from analysis, systolic blood pressure response was still significantly different for the two groups (-19 versus 2 mm Hg, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Dynamic left ventricular obstruction is a new observation; it may develop frequently in patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography. Obstruction rather than ischemia may explain a decrease in blood pressure during dobutamine stress echocardiography.
Comparison of an image registration technique based on normalized mutual information with a standard method utilizing implanted markers in the staged radiosurgical treatment of large arteriovenous malformations.

Abstract Purpose To compare a noninvasive technique based on normalized mutual information for registering image sets associated with staged radiosurgical treatments of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with a gold-standard method using radiographically evident markers implanted in the skull. Methods Nine patients receiving multistage treatment of large AVMs at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) gamma knife facility were included in this study. For each patient, the transformations of shot coordinates between a reference treatment stage and subsequent treatment stages were determined at UCSF, based on radiographically defined coordinates of implanted markers in each stereotactic space. A magnetic resonance (MR) image set was acquired for each treatment stage, and used for treatment planning. The two MR image sets for each treatment pair were sent to Yale for an unbiased, independent analysis of shot transformations. An image registration technique based on normalized mutual information was used to produce a single fused image study for each treatment pair. External copper sulfate fiducial markers for both image sets were evident on the fused images, allowing coordinates in both stereotactic systems to be defined. Coordinate transformation between the two systems was determined, based on digitized coordinates of seven common fiducial marker images. Results The average measured overall root-mean-square discrepancy between the Yale and UCSF transformed shot coordinates is 1.1 ± 0.3 mm. The corresponding error in Yale transformed coordinates is 1.0 ± 0.3 mm, assuming an inherent 0.5 mm error in the UCSF method. Conclusions The normalized mutual information method can be used to obtain good image registration between successive sessions in staged treatments. Further improvements in the reported methodology are outlined. Because the mutual information method is less invasive than the implanted marker method, it may be preferable in many cases.
UpSETing chromatin during non-coding RNA production

The packaging of eukaryotic DNA into nucleosomal arrays permits cells to tightly regulate and fine-tune gene expression. The ordered disassembly and reassembly of these nucleosomes allows RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) conditional access to the underlying DNA sequences. Disruption of nucleosome reassembly following RNAPII passage results in spurious transcription initiation events, leading to the production of non-coding RNA (ncRNA). We review the molecular mechanisms involved in the suppression of these cryptic initiation events and discuss the role played by ncRNAs in regulating gene expression.
The effect of timing of pollination on the mating system and fitness ofKalmia latifolia (Ericaceae).

Plant mating systems are known to vary within species and some immediate ecological factors have been found to be associated with the geographic distribution of selfing. The environmental condition of the maternal plant may influence the production of selfed seed relative to outcrossed seed. This study investigated the effect of late pollination on the mating system of Kalmia latifolia, a long-lived perennial shrub. A 2 3 2 experimental design was used to determine whether reproductive success declines over the course of the flowering season and whether there was an interaction between pollination time (early vs. late in the season) and pollen type (self-fertilized vs. outcrossed). An interaction of this sort would indicate context-dependent fitness of selfed seeds compared to outcrossed seeds and, thus, show an ecological influence over a plant’s mating system. Relative fitness was assessed in terms of female reproductive success. Timing of pollination did not affect abortion of outcrossed seeds; however, delay in pollination increased abortion of selfed seeds by 34.7%. Thus, it appears that plants selectively aborted selfed seeds rather than outcrossed seeds and this selection was more intense at the end of the season. An ecological factor such as time of pollination may affect the mating system of K. latifolia.
LA’s Taco Truck War: How Law Cooks Food Culture Contests

This paper examines the Los Angeles “Taco Truck War” (2008-9), when the city of Los Angeles and LA county used parking regulations to restrict “loncheros,” i.e. “taco trucks.” It describes the legal doctrine used by courts to invalidate these local restrictions. The California Vehicle code makes local food truck regulations illegal. Decades of court decisions affirm this. The paper sheds light, legal and cultural, on food truck debates, which will surely expand nationwide. It examines: the cultural and business arguments for food truck regulations; food’s role in migrant, community, and national identities; Mexican food’s influence in California culture; and recent trends in food trucks such as Koggi BBQ.
A New Framework for Teaching Scientific Reasoning

I have been teaching a lower division course on scientific reasoning for roughly thirty years. After the first ten years I wrote a textbook, Understanding Scientific Reasoning (1979), based on the course as it had developed over the previous decade. The overall framework of this text followed a pattern going back to Mill’s Logic (1843) and perpetuated up to the present. It began with deductive logic and then took up scientific reasoning understood as a kind of inductive logic. What mainly differentiated my text from others was that less than one fourth of the book was devoted to deductive logic and more than one fourth focused on statistical reasoning as understood by a majority of contemporary statisticians. I deliberately did not introduce Mill’s Methods. Nevertheless, it shared with the vast majority of texts in logic and reasoning, whether formal or informal, the assumption that the evaluation of any particular bit of reasoning is done by first reconstructing that reasoning as an explicit argument, with premises and a conclusion, and then examining the reconstructed argument to see if it exhibits the characteristic form of a good argument, whether deductive or inductive. In the third (1991) and fourth (1997) editions, I have abandoned this assumption. From the beginning, Understanding Scientific Reasoning was designed to impart the intellectual skills of understanding and evaluating scientific reasoning as presented in print media ranging from semi-professional technical journals to tabloid newspapers. It was not intended to be a textbook in the philosophy of science. It contains, therefore, almost no discussions reflecting on the framework employed to teach the desired skills. The framework is simply presented and employed. This paper, intended for teachers rather than students of scientific reasoning, attempts to explain, and to some extent justify, the new framework.
Reflections on the Chol Soo Lee Case

The pieces in this Amerasia Journal Forum provides first-person retrospectives on the multiethnic, multi-generational, and transnational Free Chol Soo Lee movement from many of the principals involved in it. Jai Lee Wong was a founding member of the Chol Soo Lee Defense Committee.
Rumors Across Radio, Wireless, Telephone

We study the problem of computing a minimum time schedule to spread rumors in a given graph under several models: In the radio model, all neighbors of a transmitting node listen to the messages and are able to record it only when no other neighbor is transmitting; In the wireless model (also called the edge-star model), each transmitter is at a different frequency to which any neighbor can tune to, but only one neighboring transmission can be accessed in this way; In the telephone model, the set of transmitter-receiver pairs form a matching in the graph. The rumor spreading problems assume a message at one or several nodes of the graph that must reach a target node or set of nodes. The transmission proceeds in synchronous rounds under the rules of the corresponding model. The goal is to compute a schedule that completes in the minimum number of rounds. We present a comprehensive study of approximation algorithms for these problems, and show several reductions from the harder to the easier models for special demands. We show a new hardness of approximation of Omega(n^1/2 - epsilon) for the minimum radio gossip time by a connection to maximum induced matchings. We give the first sublinear approximation algorithms for the most general case of the problem under the wireless model; we also consider various special cases such as instances with symmetric demands and give better approximation algorithms. Our work exposes the relationships across the models and opens up several new avenues for further study.
How Gold Nanoparticles affect the Lipid Packing in Model Membranes

The past decade has witnessed the increasing integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the biological systems for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This makes it imperative to understand how AuNPs interact with cell membranes, the first barriers to be crossed in order to enter the cellular systems. Here we show, on the simplest possible systems, how unmodified AuNPs of various size affect the lipid packing in model membrane systems constituted of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The goal is to gain insights from the experimental evidences on the fundamental factors that determine the biophysical interactions at bio-nano interface. We will report results from the spectrofluormetry, fluorescence microscopy, and AFM studies. The generalized polarization (GP) functions of the emission spectra of Laurdan, a fluorescent molecule which lodges itself in the acyl chains of phospholipid molecules, will provide evidences on the fluidity changes in lipid membranes induced by AuNPs. The circularity analysis of the fluorescence microscopy images will provide evidences on the shape changes, or the structural integrities, of the lipid vesicles affected by AuNPs. The nanomachanical analysis of AFM studies will show elastic and adhesive property changes in lipid bilayer upon AuNP interrogation. The size of AuNPs and their ratios to phospholipid molecules are two variables in our study. From the spectrofluorometry study, it was found in general that AuNPs tend to increase the fluidity of non-extruded liposomes whereas decrease the fluidity of extruded liposomes, which was confirmed by the fluorescence microcopy analysis. Key factors that determine the interactions between AuNPs and lipid bilayers will be identified from the complementary studies.
Parametric Investigation of Racetrack-to-Circular Cross- Section Transition of a Dual-mode Ramjet Isolator

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulation is used to parametrically evaluate the performance of a matrix of 3-D isolator configurations which transition from a racetrack entrance cross-section to a circular exit cross-section. The matrix includes isolators with l ength-to-height ratios of 6 to 16, divergence angles of 0 to 2 degrees, and different cross section shape transition functions. Generic isolator entrance flow conditions for a dual-mode ramjet (DMR) were provided by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, and are used to impose a spatially-varying isolator inflow profile, and a mass -averaged uniform inflow profile, in two separate sets of matrix computations. Isolator performance is characterized by ma ximum allowable static pressure rise (without unstart), and related stagnation pressure recovery, exit flow distortion, and shock train onset sensitivity. The implications of the results for selecting a racetrack-to-circular, transitional isolator geometry are discussed.
Achieving High-Accuracy Intermolecular Interactions by Combining Coulomb-Attenuated Second-Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory with Coupled Kohn-Sham Dispersion.

The dispersion-corrected second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2C) approach accurately describes intermolecular interactions in many systems. MP2C, however, expends much computational effort to compute the long-range correlation with MP2, only to discard and replace those contributions with a simpler long-range dispersion correction based on intermolecular perturbation theory. Here, we demonstrate that one can avoid calculating the long-range MP2 correlation by attenuating the Coulomb operator, allowing the dispersion correction to handle the long-range interactions inexpensively. With relatively modest Coulomb attenuation, one obtains results that are very similar to those from conventional MP2C. With more aggressive attenuation, one can remove just enough short-range repulsive exchange–dispersion interactions to compensate for finite basis set errors. Doing so makes it possible to approach complete basis set limit quality results with only an aug-cc-pVTZ basis, resulting in substantial comp...
An Extraordinary New Toad (Bufo) ttom Costa Rica

A new species of toad, Bufo periglenes , is described from the Lower Montane Rainforest zone of the Cordillera de Tilaran on the divide between Puntarenas and Alajuela provinces, Costa Rica. The new form exhibits a combination of extremely bright coloration and marked sexual dichromism. Males are solid orange, females greenish to black with scarlet spots. The species lacks a tympanum and columella and is voiceless. Tadpoles are described. Relationships and the role of sexual dichromism are discussed.
Pricing a low-regret seller

As the number of ad exchanges has grown, publishers have turned to low regret learning algorithms to decide which exchange offers the best price for their inventory. This in turn opens the following question for the exchange: how to set prices to attract as many sellers as possible and maximize revenue. In this work we formulate this precisely as a learning problem, and present algorithms showing that by simply knowing that the counterparty is using a low regret algorithm is enough for the exchange to have its own low regret learning algorithm to find the optimal price.
A Hartree-Fock Application Using UPC++ and the New DArray Library

The Hartree-Fock (HF) method is the fundamental first step for incorporating quantum mechanics into many-electron simulations of atoms and molecules, and it is an important component of computational chemistry toolkits like NWChem. The GTFock code is an HF implementation that, while it does not have all the features in NWChem, represents crucial algorithmic advances that reduce communication and improve load balance by doing an up-front static partitioning of tasks, followed by work stealing whenever necessary. To enable innovations in algorithms and exploit next generation exascale systems, it is crucial to support quantum chemistry codes using expressive and convenient programming models and runtime systems that are also efficient and scalable. This paper presents an HF implementation similar to GTFock using UPC++, a partitioned global address space model that includes flexible communication, asynchronous remote computation, and a powerful multidimensional array library. UPC++ offers runtime features that are useful for HF such as active messages, a rich calculus for array operations, hardware-supported fetch-and-add, and functions for ensuring asynchronous runtime progress. We present a new distributed array abstraction, DArray, that is convenient for the kinds of random-access array updates and linear algebra operations on block-distributed arrays with irregular data ownership. We analyze the performance of atomic fetch-and-add operations (relevant for load balancing) and runtime attentiveness, then compare various techniques and optimizations for each. Our optimized implementation of HF using UPC++ and the DArrays library shows up to 20% improvement over GTFock with Global Arrays at scales up to 24,000 cores.
Flies compensate for unilateral wing damage through modular adjustments of wing and body kinematics

Using high-speed videography, we investigated how fruit flies compensate for unilateral wing damage, in which loss of area on one wing compromises both weight support and roll torque equilibrium. Our results show that flies control for unilateral damage by rolling their body towards the damaged wing and by adjusting the kinematics of both the intact and damaged wings. To compensate for the reduction in vertical lift force due to damage, flies elevate wingbeat frequency. Because this rise in frequency increases the flapping velocity of both wings, it has the undesired consequence of further increasing roll torque. To compensate for this effect, flies increase the stroke amplitude and advance the timing of pronation and supination of the damaged wing, while making the opposite adjustments on the intact wing. The resulting increase in force on the damaged wing and decrease in force on the intact wing function to maintain zero net roll torque. However, the bilaterally asymmetrical pattern of wing motion generates a finite lateral force, which flies balance by maintaining a constant body roll angle. Based on these results and additional experiments using a dynamically scaled robotic fly, we propose a simple bioinspired control algorithm for asymmetric wing damage.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Effects on Bone Health

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of chronic hypercalcemia. With the advent of routine calcium screening, the classic presentation of renal and osseous symptoms has been largely replaced with mild, asymptomatic disease. In hypercalcemia caused by PHPT, serum parathyroid hormone levels are either high, or inappropriately normal. A single-gland adenoma is responsible for 80% of PHPT cases. Less frequent causes include 4-gland hyperplasia and parathyroid carcinoma. Diminished bone mineral density and nephrolithiasis are the major current clinical sequelae. Parathyroidectomy is the only definitive treatment for PHPT, and in experienced hands, cure rates approach 98%.
Role of flexoelectric coupling in polarization rotations at the a-c domain walls in ferroelectric perovskites

Ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls play important roles in ferroelectric properties. However, their couplings with flexoelectricity have been less understood. In this work, we applied phase-field simulation to investigate the flexoelectric coupling with ferroelectric a/c twin structures in lead ziconate titanate thin films. Local stress gradients were found to exist near twin walls that created both lateral and vertical electric fields through the flexoelectric effect, resulting in polarization inclinations from either horizontal or normal orientation, polarization rotation angles deviated from 90°, and consequently highly asymmetric a/c twin walls. By tuning the flexoelectric strengths in a reasonable range from first-principles calculations, we found that the transverse flexoelectric coefficient has a larger influence on the polarization rotation than longitudinal and shear coefficients. As polar rotations that commonly occur at compositional morphotropic phase boundaries contribute to the piez...
A Reaction-Diffusion Model Explains Amplification of the PLC/PKC Pathway in Fibroblast Chemotaxis

During the proliferative phase of cutaneous wound healing, dermal fibroblasts are recruited into the clotted wound by a concentration gradient of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), together with other spatial cues. Despite the importance of this chemotactic process, the mechanisms controlling the directed migration of slow-moving mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts are not well understood. Here, we develop and analyze a reaction-diffusion model of phospholipase C/protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, which was recently identified as a requisite PDGF-gradient-sensing pathway, with the goal of identifying mechanisms that can amplify its sensitivity in the shallow external gradients typical of chemotaxis experiments. We show that phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate by membrane-localized PKC constitutes a positive feedback that is sufficient for local pathway amplification. The release of phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate and its subsequent diffusion and dephosphorylation in the cytosol also serves to suppress the pathway in down-gradient regions of the cell. By itself, this mechanism only weakly amplifies signaling in a shallow PDGF gradient, but it synergizes with other feedback mechanisms to enhance amplification. This model offers a framework for a mechanistic understanding of phospholipase C/PKC signaling in chemotactic gradient sensing and can guide the design of experiments to assess the roles of putative feedback loops.
Curriculum-Based Measurement of Reading Growth: Weekly Versus Intermittent Progress Monitoring:

We examined the idea that leaner schedules of progress monitoring (PM) can lighten assessment demands without undermining decision-making accuracy. Using curriculum-based measurement of reading, we compared effects on decision accuracy of 5 intermittent PM schedules relative to that of every-week PM. For participating students with high-incidence disabilities—all receiving special education reading instruction (N = 56)—intermittent schedules of PM performed as well as every-week PM. These findings signal a need for research on the relative accuracy and timeliness of curriculum-based measurement decision making for intermittent and weekly PM.
Decision making in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation: Influential factors vary among diseases

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is not a trivial treatment decision in pediatrics. We sought to understand what influences this decision-making process from the perspectives of the pediatric patients, their family, and physicians. Using integrative review methods, we identified 19 relevant studies: six qualitative, ten quantitative, and three mixed methods. Synthesis of the results revealed six themes describing patient, family, and provider decision-making processes with distinct subthemes contrasting influential factors among malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Identification of what influences HCT decision making will aid in development of decision support, education, and communication strategies. The child/adolescent voice and provider perspective warrant more attention.
Introducing the African Relational Pro-Government Militia Dataset (RPGMD)

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces the African Relational Pro-Government Militia Dataset (RPGMD). Recent research has improved our understandings of how pro-government forces form, under what conditions...
Area of bubble influence due to sliding bubbles in subcooled boiling flow

Abstract The heat transfer effect of sliding bubbles is discussed in two aspects based on new experimental findings: (i) the area of bubble influence and (ii) bubble sliding characteristics influencing the degree of wall heat transfer. One notable finding was that the bubble sliding behavior, characterized by sliding trajectories, played a crucial role in determining the area of bubble influence and the bubble influence factor (K). Also, such sliding characteristic was observed strongly dependent on the sliding bubble size. An empirical model has been proposed based on this finding to evaluate the bubble influence factor (K) for the sliding bubbles. Another experimental finding was that the bubble sliding characteristic, represented by bubble spreading factor (S), had a significant impact on the degree of wall heat transfer induced by sliding bubbles. This is due to the fact that the bubbles spread across the heater width as they slid downstream, which reduced the effective frequency of sliding bubbles per unit wall area. These new findings not only improve our understanding of the heat transfer associated with sliding bubbles, but also are expected to contribute to improving the insight in the existing CFD boiling heat transfer models.
Enhanced Rotator-cuff Repair Using Platelet-Rich Plasma Adsorbed on Branched Poly(ester urea)s

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a clinically relevant source of growth factors used commonly by surgeons. The clinical efficacy of PRP use as reported in the literature is widely variable which is likely attributed to poorly defined retention time of PRP at the repair site. To overcome this limitation, branched poly(ester urea) (PEU) nanofibers were used to adsorb and retain PRP at the implant site in an acute rotator-cuff tear model in rats. The adsorption of PRP to the branched-PEU 8% material was characterized using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and immuno-protein assay. After adsorption of PRP to the nanofiber sheet, the platelets actively released proteins. The adhesion of platelets to the nanofiber material was confirmed by immunofluorescence using a p-selectin antibody. In vivo testing using a rat rotator-cuff repair model compared five groups; no repair (control), suture repair only, repair with disc implant (Disc), repair with PRP-soaked disc (Disc PRP), and a PRP injection (PRP). Mechanical te...
Using Patient Safety Indicators as Benchmarks

Ever since the Institute of Medicine’s report To Err is Human, patient safety has taken the forefront of quality healthcare delivery. One measure of patient safety is the rate of in-hospital preventable adverse events (PAE), or preventable injuries caused by medical care. PAEs have been linked to higher mortality rates and increased lengths of stay. Adverse events have been associated with most surgical procedures, and range from 2% incidence to almost 20% incidence by surgical procedure. Furthermore, it has been determined that over half of surgical adverse events are preventable.
Cytoskeleton in Platelet Function

The circulating platelet is a discoid shaped cellular fragment which originates in the bone marrow through the orderly demarcation of megakaryocyte cytoplasm (Odell and Jackson, 1969; Behnke, 1968a; Marsh et al., 1955; for review see Ebbe, 1976). The number of platelets in circulation varies widely among species, and among individuals within a species the concentrations in blood typically range from 200,000–500,000 per microliter. On the average, the circulation life is 8–9 days. However, with constant activation to participate in the hemostatic process and contribute to maintenance of blood vessel integrity (Henry, 1977), the turnover times range from 6–11 days (Harker, 1979). In man, it has been estimated that platelet consumption is approximately 35,000 platelets/µ1 of blood per day (Harker, 1979). Although the number of platelets arising from a single megakaryocyte has been estimated to be as high as 12,000 (Ebbe, 1976; Tavassoli, 1980; Kaufman et al., 1965) and probably varies with species and ploidy of the megakaryocyte (Kaufman et al., 1965), it is clear from ultrastructural studies of both circulating and bone marrow cells that megakaryocyte demarcation (Behnke, 1968a; Marsh et al., 1955) proceeds in a well-controlled fashion to ensure structural and functional integrity of the platelet (Kaufman et al., 1965; White and Gerrard, 1976; White, 1979; Lewis et al., 1980a; Lewis and Bowie, 1978; Barnhart, 1978).
Interferometry of dipole phase in high harmonics from solids

Understanding the temporal profiles of high harmonics is essential for their applications in attosecond science1,2. Microscopically, the dipole phase plays an important role in determining the high-harmonic emission phase2–4. In gas-phase high-harmonic generation, the tunnel-ionized electron spends much of its travel time in the continuum—far from the parent ion, where it accumulates the dipole phase5,6. Therefore, the atomic dipole phase is largely independent of the target atom3. In solid-state high-harmonic generation7–11, since the driven electron experiences a periodic potential during the entire travel time, the dipole phase may depend on the electronic structures of source materials9,12–14. Here, we employ an interferometric method to characterize high harmonics from magnesium oxide and quartz crystals. We measure material-dependent intensity-induced high-harmonic phase delays that we attribute to the intensity-induced changes in the dipole phase originating from the interband polarization10,15,16. The material-dependent dipole phase can provide a robust platform for high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids. An interferometric homodyne method is employed to measure material-dependent intensity-induced phase shifts of extreme-ultraviolet high harmonics emerging from bulk magnesium oxide and quartz crystals, providing a robust platform for high-harmonic spectroscopy of solids.
Different food sources affect the gustatory response of Anaphes iole, an egg parasitoid of Lygus Spp.

The gustatory response of female Anaphes iole wasps to naturally occurring carbohydrates, a commercial food source, and host (Lygus lineolaris) frass was determined. Wasps responded to all 14 of the sugars at the highest concentration tested (2 M). At this concentration, sucrose, glucose, maltose, melezitose, fructose, and erlose all elicited 1/256 M, with the exception of glucose, which was 1/16 M. Raffinose, trehalose, mannose, galactose, melibiose, rhamnose, stachyose, and lactose led to >50% gustatory response by the wasps at 2 M, and were categorized as “moderately stimulatory sugars.” The acceptance threshold for these sugars was <1/4 M, with the exception of raffinose, which was 1/256 M. In trials with moderately stimulatory sugars combined with either sucrose or maltose, only the rhamnose+maltose mixture significantly inhibited the gustatory response of A. iole. Food and water deprived parasitoids readily accepted the moderately stimulatory sugars. EliminadeTM, a commercial food supplement, was readily accepted (92%) by A. iole. Conversely, the wasps did not feed on host frass. Chemical analysis of L. lineolaris frass demonstrated the presence of glucose, sucrose, fructose, trehalulose, and melezitose, apparently at concentrations below those perceived by A. iole. The latter two compounds were previously known only from homopteran honeydew (trehalulose and melezitose) and bacteria (trehalulose). With respect to gustatory response to nectar and honeydew sugars, A. iole differs markedly from other hymenopterans that have been studied in that this parasitoid accepted all the naturally occurring sugars with which it was tested. Moreover, this parasitoid had lower acceptance thresholds than other hymenopterans for many of the sugars. This broad and sensitive range of gustatory perception might be helpful in the development of a food source for the wasp that is not exploited by the host.
dTL2: Differential Temporal Dynamic Logic with Nested Temporalities for Hybrid Systems

The differential temporal dynamic logic dTL2 is a logic to specify temporal properties of hybrid systems. It combines differential dynamic logic with temporal logic to reason about the intermediate states reached by a hybrid system. The logic dTL2 supports some linear time temporal properties of LTL. It extends differential temporal dynamic logic dTL with nested temporalities. We provide a semantics and a proof system for the logic dTL2, and show its usefulness for nontrivial temporal properties of hybrid systems. We take particular care to handle the case of alternating universal dynamic and existential temporal modalities and its dual, solving an open problem formulated in previous work.
ELECTROOXIDATION OF H2/CO MIXTURES ON A WELL-CHARACTERIZED PT75MO25 ALLOY SURFACE

The electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen in the presence of carbon monoxide (0.05−2%) on a well-characterized Pt75Mo25 alloy surface was examined using the rotating disk electrode technique in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 333 K. The surface composition of this alloy determined by low-energy ion scattering after sputter cleaning and annealing in UHV was essentially the same as the bulk. The shapes of the polarization curves are qualitatively similar to those for the Pt50Ru50 alloy examined previously: a high Tafel-slope (ca. 0.5 V/dec) region at low overpotential followed by a transition to a highly actively state where the current approaches the diffusion-limiting current; the potential where the transition to the active state occurs decreases with decreasing CO concentration, and the current in the low-overpotential region is roughly inverse half-order in the CO partial pressure. The magnitude of the current in the low-overpotential region on the Pt75Mo25 alloy is nearly the same as on the Pt50Ru50 alloy, but the po...
Beyond Teachable Moments: Professors and Student Reflect on the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Shooting

As academics, it is a sadly common experience to have students undergo personal trials or tragedies, including the death of loved ones. The shootings at Marjory Stoneman Douglas (MSD) High School i...
Evaluation of the use of a Parent-Held Child Health Record by Pregnant Women and Mothers of Young Children

The purpose of this evaluation was to document (a) the level of patients’ satisfaction with use of a personal parent-held child health record (PHCHR), (b) their frequency of using it for specific reasons, (c) behavior changes participants made due to use of this record, and (d) perceived barriers to using the PHCHR. Eighty-two mothers completed the 22-item validated evaluation instrument. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with all applicable use of the PHCHR. Respondents believed the PHCHR was a useful tool that served as a cue to increase their action in health seeking behaviors. Healthcare providers may consider use of PHCPR for pregnant women and mothers of young children.
Automated Reminders Improve Retinal Screening Rates in Low Income, Minority Patients with Diabetes and Correct the African American Disparity.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in the United States. Prevention relies on periodic DR screening, yet overall national screening rates are not optimal, especially in low-income, minority patients. We prospectively evaluated show rates for prescheduled teleretinal DR screening appointments in diabetic patients (n = 301) in a large safety-net clinic in South Central Los Angeles. Patients were predominately African American (n = 88) and Latino (n = 200). Patients received either usual care telephone reminders or automated reminder calls in addition to usual care. The overall mean (SEM) show rate for DR screening, irrespective of reminder method, was low: 54 + 1.03%. Show rates with usual care alone were 46.3 + 2.6%, and with automated reminders added, 59.9 + 1.47% (p = 0.036). Show rate with usual care amongst African Americans was 23.6 + 6.46% compared with 53.2 + 3.41% for Latinos (p = 0.025). When automated calling was added, the show rate doubled amongst African Americans, to 51.6 + 3.96% (p = 0.002) with a slightly higher, non-significant show rate in Latinos. In summary, show rates for pre-scheduled teleretinal DR screening appointments were low with usual care alone in a safety-net clinic, with evidence for a racial disparity amongst low–income, minority patients with diabetes. Addition of a pre-recorded automated reminder call improved show rates, and corrected much of the racial disparity observed. Greater focus on failed appointments as an explanation for low DR screening rates and racial disparities, and as a potentially remediable target with automated reminders, may improve DR screening rates and reduce blindness in low-income minority patients with diabetes.
A viscoelastic integral formulation and numerical implementation of an isotropic constitutive model of saline ice

Abstract This work develops a multiaxial numerical implementation of a constitutive model of saline ice which is based on dislocation processes and grain boundary relaxation. The model includes contributions from the elastic, anelastic (time-dependent recoverable), and viscous (time-dependent non-recoverable) straining mechanisms. The anelastic strain model is formulated using a creep compliance tensor and a hereditary integral formulation. The incremental form of the constitutive model is derived and its implementation into finite element software is discussed. We compare our model to multiple experimental data sets including cyclic sinusoidal and creep loading. We find that our model compares well with the experimental data and is able to capture the mechanical behavior of ice across multiple temperatures, loading frequencies, stresses, and timescales.
RISK OF HEART FAILURE WITH CARFILZOMIB IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Carfilzomib has been proven to be effective in relapsed/refractory MM. Potential cardiac adverse events of carfilzomib have been reported, but definitive data is lacking. Our study aims to estimate the relative risk
Towards formalizing the GDPR’s notion of singling out

There is a significant conceptual gap between legal and mathematical thinking around data privacy. The effect is uncertainty as to which technical offerings meet legal standards. This uncertainty is exacerbated by a litany of successful privacy attacks demonstrating that traditional statistical disclosure limitation techniques often fall short of the privacy envisioned by regulators. We define “predicate singling out,” a type of privacy attack intended to capture the concept of singling out appearing in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). An adversary predicate singles out a dataset x using the output of a data-release mechanism M ( x ) if it finds a predicate p matching exactly one row in x with probability much better than a statistical baseline. A data-release mechanism that precludes such attacks is “secure against predicate singling out” (PSO secure). We argue that PSO security is a mathematical concept with legal consequences. Any data-release mechanism that purports to “render anonymous” personal data under the GDPR must prevent singling out and, hence, must be PSO secure. We analyze the properties of PSO security, showing that it fails to compose. Namely, a combination of more than logarithmically many exact counts, each individually PSO secure, facilitates predicate singling out. Finally, we ask whether differential privacy and k-anonymity are PSO secure. Leveraging a connection to statistical generalization, we show that differential privacy implies PSO security. However, and in contrast with current legal guidance, k-anonymity does not: There exists a simple predicate singling out attack under mild assumptions on the k-anonymizer and the data distribution.
Synchrotron radiation as an infra-red source

The characteristics of synchrotron radiation (SR) from dipole magnets in the infra-red are discussed. Compared with a black-body radiator, SR is some 2–3 orders of magnitude brighter in the range 1–1000 μm.
An Electronically Generated Audio Display for the Blind.

The development of a system capable of generating sequences of sounds describing patterns which can be interpreted by the user with as little as 35 minutes’ training has possible application as a c...
Elevated Urine Leukotriene E4 Is Associated With Worse Objective Markers in Nasal Polyposis Patients.

OBJECTIVES Urine leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) is a biomarker of leukotriene synthesis and is elevated in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). It can also be useful to help delineate aspirin-tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients from AERD patients. The purpose of this study is to determine if uLTE4 biomarker levels are associated with objective and subjective markers of disease severity in patients with CRSwNP. METHODS A retrospective analysis of CRSwNP patients who underwent uLTE4 testing was completed to determine the association of uLTE4 levels to markers of disease severity. uLTE4 levels, as well as presenting subjective (Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 [SNOT22] scores, asthma control test [ACT] scores) and objective data (Lund-Mackay CT score, spirometry and lab values) were collected. RESULTS Among the 157 CRSwNP patients who met inclusion criteria, uLTE4 levels were associated with history of asthma (P < .001), aspirin sensitivity (P < .001), worse Lund-Mackay CT scores (P = .002) and other objective markers of disease severity including serum IgE (P = .05), presenting blood eosinophil level (P < .001), and the highest recorded eosinophil level (P < .001). In subgroup analysis, associations of uLTE4 to disease markers had stronger correlations in the aspirin sensitive CRSwNP group (R range 0.31-0.52) than the aspirin tolerant CRSwNP group (R range -0.30-0.24). uLTE4 levels were not associated with subjective symptom scores (SNOT22 and ACT scores). CONCLUSION Elevated uLTE4 biomarker levels are associated with worsened objective markers of disease severity in CRSwNP patients but not patient-reported symptom measures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:961-966, 2021.
Teaching NeuroImage: Papilledema and Pachymeningitis: An Atypical Presentation of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.

A 53-year-old man presented with worsening headaches and progressive vision loss. His medical history was notable for biopsy-proven granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), which was diagnosed after an episode of fever and hemoptysis years prior to the current presentation. Ophthalmologic examination was remarkable for bilateral papilledema (figure 1). Brain MRI with and without contrast demonstrated pachymeningitis and ventriculomegaly. Following ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, there was resolution of headaches, papilledema, and ventriculomegaly (figure 2). The patient was subsequently treated with rituximab. Pachymeningitis—pathologic thickening of the dura mater—stands as a rare manifestation of GPA.1 The most common manifestation of pachymeningitis is cranial nerve paralysis, but it can also hinder venous sinus drainage and cause a communicating hydrocephalus.2
Exploring older adults’ perception and use of smart speaker-based voice assistants: A longitudinal study

Abstract Thanks to their conversational capabilities, smart speaker-based voice assistants are gaining attention for their potential to support the aging population, though the empirical evidence is still scarce. This paper aims to obtain empirical evidence on older adults' experiences with a voice assistant. We especially focused on how their perception and use change over time as they progress from novice to more experienced users through a longitudinal field deployment study. We deployed Google Home devices in the homes of twelve older adults aged 65 and above and studied their use for sixteen weeks. Results show that the benefits our participants perceived have incrementally changed from enjoying simplicity and convenience of operation in the early phase of the study to not worrying about making mistakes and building digital companionship as they got used to using it. Results also show that participants confronted several challenges that evolved from the unfamiliarity with a voice assistant in their first interactions to coping with the functional errors due to limited speech technology as they got used to using it. Based on the results, we discuss design implications that could foster better user experiences with a voice assistant among older adults.