cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Emission-Based Tool-Breakage Detector (TBD) for Micro-End-Milling Operations

AbstractIn micro-machining operations, a small amount of material is removed and minute cutting forces are created. Micro-end mills with less than a 2mm diameter have a short and unpredictable tool life. When these tools fail, their shafts are broken. An operator cannot detect tool breakage from the sound or by a visual inspection during the machining operation. In this paper, the tool-breakage mechanism of micro-end mills, wear-induced stress (WIS), is explained by evaluating the thrust direction cutting force characteristics, using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images to inspect tool tips and acoustic emission activity. The experimental data indicate that the tension between the tool and the workpiece suddenly releases when these tools break. A tool-breakage detector (TBD) is proposed to evaluate the impacts between the cutting edges and the workpieces. The proposed TBD identified tool breakage in all of the test cases without giving any false alarms when the cutting started and when the tool left ...
Second-Generation Rent Control Ordinances A Quantitative Comparison

The existing literature classifies rent control measures into two groups: first generation (restrictive) and second generation (moderate). However, a perusal of the second generation ordinances reveals a tremendous degree of variation in terms of their restrictiveness. In recognition of this variation, this article builds an ordinal scale for evaluating these ordinances. Specifically, by using discriminant analysis, the relative importance of each rent control feature is quantified, and existing California ordinances are ranked in the order of restrictiveness as perceived by landlords. This discriminant model has wide applicability in evaluating existing and proposed rent control ordinances and contributes to an understanding of rent control by narrowing the level of subjectivity in their relative ranking.
Worsening Renal Function during Management for Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results From the Pro-BNP Outpatient Tailored Chronic Heart Failure Therapy (PROTECT) Study

Abstract Objectives To assess prognostic meaning of worsening renal failure (WRF) occurring during management of chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Background When WRF develops during titration of HF medical therapy, it commonly leads to less aggressive care. Methods A total of 151 patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized study of standard of care (SOC) HF therapy versus SOC plus a goal N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) Results Those developing WRF by 3 months had an average 14% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate. There was no difference in incidence of WRF between study arms (43% in SOC, 57% in NT-proBNP, P = .29). During the first 3 months of therapy titration, incident WRF was associated with numerically fewer CV events at 1 year compared with those without WRF (mean 0.81 vs 1.16 events, P = .21). WRF was associated trend toward fewer CV events in the SOC arm (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.16–1.24, P = .12); the NT-proBNP-guided arm had numerically lower CV event rates regardless of WRF. Subjects with NT-proBNP P Conclusions Modest degrees of WRF are common during aggressive HF with reduced ejection fraction management, but we found no significant association with CV outcomes. HF care guided by NT-proBNP was not associated with more WRF compared with SOC, and led to benefit regardless of final renal function.
Generation and entanglement of multi-dimensional multi-mode coherent fields in cavity QED

We introduce generalized multi-mode superposition of multi-dimensional coherent field states and propose a generation scheme of such states in a cavity QED scenario. An appropriate encoding of information on these states is employed, which maps the states to the Hilbert space of some multi-qudit states. The entanglement of these states is characterized based on such proper encodings. A detailed study of entanglement in general multi-qudit coherent states is presented, and in addition to establishing some explicit expressions for quantifying entanglement of such systems, several important features of entanglement in these system states are exposed. Furthermore, the effects of both cavity decay and channel noise on these system states are studied and their properties are illustrated.
Jahn-Teller Effect in the T 1 g 4 ( I ) State of Mn + + in RbMn F 3 . II

A quantitative treatment of the experimental results of the preceding paper is presented. Taking account of spin reorientation under stress, the Ham reduction factor could be calculated in three different ways. These lead to a value ${E}_{\mathrm{JT}}\ensuremath{\cong}760$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Using approximate force constants for the Mn-F relative displacement and the [100]-stress response, a value of ${E}_{\mathrm{JT}}\ensuremath{\cong}730$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was obtained. From the isotropic-stress response a value for the symmetric displacement was found, and when this is added to the ${E}_{g}$ displacement, the equilibrium bond lengths in the excited state are obtained. By making a Fourier analysis of the displacement in terms of the vibrational modes of the crystal, Franck-Condon factors were found and the spectrum of the phonon sidebands was calculated. This agreed well with the observed spectrum. The phonon sideband is further used to confirm the absence of a ${T}_{2g}$-type distortion.
A low repetition rate all-active monolithic passively mode-locked quantum dot laser

A passively mode-locked laser with a 2.1 GHz fundamental repetition rate is demonstrated using a 20-mm-long monolithic 2-section quantum dot laser. A pulse width of 17 ps and 280 mW peak power were obtained.
Efficient Approximation and Denoising of Graph Signals Using the Multiscale Basis Dictionaries

We propose methods to efficiently approximate and denoise signals sampled on the nodes of graphs using our overcomplete multiscale transforms/basis dictionaries for such graph signals: the hierarchical graph Laplacian eigen transform (HGLET) and the generalized Haar–Walsh transform (GHWT). These can be viewed as generalizations of the hierarchical discrete cosine transform and the Haar-Walsh wavelet packet transform, respectively, from regularly sampled signals to graph signals. Both of these transforms generate dictionaries containing an immense number of choosable bases, and in order to select a particular basis most suitable for a given task, we have generalized the best basis algorithm from classical signal processing. After briefly reviewing these transforms and the best basis algorithm, we precisely prove their efficiency in approximating graph signals belonging to discrete analogs of the space of Holder continuous functions and the Besov spaces. Then, we validate their effectiveness with numerical experiments on real datasets, in which we compare them against other graph-based transforms. Building upon this approximation efficiency of our transforms, we devise a signal denoising method using the HGLET and GHWT and again compare against other transforms. Our results clearly demonstrate the superiority of our transforms over those other transforms in terms of both approximation and denoising.
Brief of Amici Curiae - 56 Professors of Law and Economics in Support of Petition for Writ of Certiorari in TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC, No. 16-341

28 U.S.C. § 1400(b) provides that a defendant in a patent case may be sued where the defendant is incorporated or has a regular and established place of business and has infringed the patent. This Court made clear in Fourco Glass Co. v. Transmirra Prods. Corp., 353 U.S. 222, 223 (1957), that those were the only permissible venues for a patent case. But the Federal Circuit has rejected Fourco and the plain meaning of § 1400(b), instead permitting a patent plaintiff to file suit against a defendant anywhere there is personal jurisdiction over that defendant. The result has been rampant forum shopping, particularly by patent trolls. 44% of 2015 patent lawsuits were filed in a single district: the Eastern District of Texas, a forum with plaintiff-friendly rules and practices, and where few of the defendants are incorporated or have established places of business. And an estimated 86% of 2015 patent cases were filed somewhere other than the jurisdictions specified in the statute. Colleen V. Chien & Michael Risch, Recalibrating Patent Venue, Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10-1 (Sept. 1, 2016), Table 3. This Court should grant certiorari to review the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 1400(b) because the Federal Circuit’s dubious interpretation of the statute plays an outsized and detrimental role, both legally and economically, in the patent system.
Structural Basis for the Bidirectional Activity of Bacillus nanoRNase NrnA

NanoRNAs are RNA fragments 2 to 5 nucleotides in length that are generated as byproducts of RNA degradation and abortive transcription initiation. Cells have specialized enzymes to degrade nanoRNAs, such as the DHH phosphoesterase family member NanoRNase A (NrnA). This enzyme was originally identified as a 3′ → 5′ exonuclease, but we show here that NrnA is bidirectional, degrading 2–5 nucleotide long RNA oligomers from the 3′ end, and longer RNA substrates from the 5′ end. The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis NrnA reveals a dynamic bi-lobal architecture, with the catalytic N-terminal DHH domain linked to the substrate binding C-terminal DHHA1 domain via an extended linker. Whereas this arrangement is similar to the structure of RecJ, a 5′ → 3′ DHH family DNase and other DHH family nanoRNases, Bacillus NrnA has gained an extended substrate-binding patch that we posit is responsible for its 3′ → 5′ activity.
Resting sympathetic activity is associated with the sympathetically mediated component of energy expenditure following a meal

Abstract Individuals with high plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels at rest have a smaller reduction in resting energy expenditure (REE) following β ‐adrenergic blockade. If this finding extends to the response to a meal, it could have important implications for the role of the sympathetic nervous system in energy balance and weight gain. We hypothesized high muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) would be associated with a low sympathetically mediated component of energy expenditure following a meal. Fourteen young, healthy adults completed two visits randomized to continuous saline (control) or intravenous propranolol to achieve systemic β ‐adrenergic blockade. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity and REE were measured (indirect calorimetry) followed by a liquid mixed meal (Ensure). Measures of energy expenditure continued every 30 min for 5 h after the meal and are reported as an area under the curve (AUC). Sympathetic support of energy expenditure was calculated as the difference between the AUC during saline and β ‐blockade (AUC P ropranolol –AUC S aline , β ‐REE) and as a percent (%) of control (AUC P ropranolol ÷AUC S aline × 100). β ‐REE was associated with baseline sympathetic activity, such that individuals with high resting MSNA (bursts/100 heart beats) and plasma NE had the greatest sympathetically mediated component of energy expenditure following a meal (MSNA: β ‐REE R = −0.58, P = 0.03; %REE R = −0.56, P = 0.04; NE: β ‐REE R = −0.55, P = 0.0535; %REE R = −0.54, P = 0.0552). Contrary to our hypothesis, high resting sympathetic activity is associated with a greater sympathetically mediated component of energy expenditure following a liquid meal. These findings may have implications for weight maintenance in individuals with varying resting sympathetic activity.
Values Differentiation as Stage Transition: An Expansion of Kohlbergian Moral Stages:

Within the past few years psychology has become concerned with the issue of moral development. One theory that has received considerable attention is the cognitive-developmental approach of Lawrence Kohlberg. Unfortunately, Kohlberg does not deal convincingly with the mechanism of stage transition. A paradigm is suggested that explains the particularly crucial transition between conventional and post-conventional morality. Specific suggestions are generated from this values differentiation paradigm for Christian educators who are interested in facilitating moral development in their students.
New Countries: Capitalism, Revolutions, and Nations in the Americas, 1750–1870: Tutino, John, ed. , Durham, NC: Duke University Press 397 pp., $28.95, ISBN 0-8223-6133-6 Publication Date: December 2016

In this new anthology, John Tutino offers a collection of essays that explore the intersection between the rise of capitalism in the Atlantic world and the formation and maintenance of new nations ...
Floating Voters and the Rise of New Left Parties: Electoral Volatility During Party System Transformation

Volatility is a central theme of the scholarship on party competition. At the extreme, entire systems collapse. Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela each went through a protracted period of change with the crash of old parties and the rise of new ones, including one representing the “new left.” Average electoral volatility grew by more than 50 percent and remained high for a decade or more. Can this churning surface of party death, birth, and change obscure undercurrents of stabilization in individual voting behavior? This project decomposes electoral volatility into two subtypes: system-level volatility—long-term spatial and temporal trends of change in support (e.g., realignment)—and individual volatility—fluid and cycle-specific fluctuations in support (e. g., electoral swing). It shows that the high volatility through the transformation has been at the system level, not the individual level. The cause is the stronger partisan and ethnic bonds mobilized by the new left.
A Page in Recent Philosophical History

Of all the books which have been written in the past ten years or so regarding the so-called “revolution” in philosophy, none perhaps have been as widely read and acclaimed as Mr. Warnock’s English Philosophy Since 1900.1 It has become something of a classic.
Translocation of Ku86/Ku70 to the multiple myeloma cell membrane: functional implications.

Abstract Objective Since the central hallmarks of human multiple myeloma (MM) are abnormalities in immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement, IgH class switching, and DNA damage repair, and since Ku86 and Ku70 proteins are central to these processes, aberrant Ku function may play a role in MM pathogenesis. Our prior studies demonstrated a 69-kDa Ku86 variant in freshly isolated patient MM cells that confers sensitivity to DNA damage. We also showed that Ku86 on the cell surface of CD40-activated MM cells mediates homotypic tumor cell adhesion, as well as heterotypic adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells. We here define the mechanism and functional significance of CD40-induced Ku translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane in MM cells vs normal B cells. Materials and Methods. We examined Ku86 and Ku70 translocation following CD40 activation in human MM cells vs normal tonsillar B lymphocytes. We then identified the functional sequelae of membrane Ku86 and Ku70 expression on CD40-activated human MM cells. Results. CD40 activation induces translocation of both Ku86 and Ku70 to the cell surface of MM cells, but not normal tonsillar B cells. Moreover, CD40 activation triggers Ku association with CD40 only in CD40-activated MM cells. Finally, CD40-activated MM cells adhere to fibronectin and are protected against apoptosis triggered by irradiation or doxorubicin; conversely, antibodies to Ku both inhibit tumor cell binding and restore sensitivity to these agents. Conclusion. These results demonstrate functional significance of Ku translocation to the cell membrane of CD40-activated human MM cells. Therefore, targeting Ku86 and Ku70, with blocking peptides for example, might serve as a novel treatment strategy in human MM.
Beneficial shocks : The place of processing-cost analysis in archival administration

Although the importance of an accurate knowledge of processing (and other) financial and temporal costs have often been nominally stated in archival literature, serious discussions or case studies have been rare. Of those, most have advocated cost analysis for appraisal or management advantages. The development of an ongoing processing-cost analysis at the Billy Graham Center Archives suggests that the latter are particularly beneficial. The archival profession would benefit from greater comparison of costs between similar types of institutions and from the regular reporting of statistics.
A Brief Look at General Systems

The theory of dynamic systems originally evolved in the engineering sciences for designing complex mechanical and electronic systems from their basic component parts. It has since found increasing usage by military, economic, and industrial strategists, and more recently by biologists, as a method for gaining insight into the structure and function of complex systems. In this first chapter I will outline some of the elementary concepts and principles of dynamic systems theory as a prelude to our investigation of population dynamics. I have tried to avoid engineering jargon as much as possible and have freely modified some of the more rigorous concepts to suit the particular needs of population ecology, hopefully without losing the original intent. My aim has been to use the theory to gain a better understanding of population dynamics and management and, thus, I have glossed over or ignored much of the formality and detail (references to more technical treatments are given in Note 1.1 at the end of this chapter).
Piscivory in a coral reef fish community

The community of demersal, resident reef fishes of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was studied to determine the various roles of fishes within the piscivorous trophic subweb. Relative abundance estimates for 160 fish species were made on the basis of extensive visual censuses and four chemical collections. Diet information was collected by gut analysis of 52 piscivorous species from 16 families. Twenty species were termed major piscivores and 32 minor piscivores. Twelve to 31% of the biomass of the entire fish community at the four chemical stations was piscivorous. The Apogonidae, Labridae, Mullidae, Scorpaenidae, Pomacentridae, Holocentridae and Gobiidae were the most important prey families, providing over 70% of all prey. The families producing largest piscivorous impacts were the Muraenidae, Synodontidae, Congridae, Labridae, Scorpaenidae, Holocentridae, Priacanthidae and Cirrhitidae. Several families contained a number of intermediate level species whose combination of relatively high abundance, moderate degree of piscivory, and substantial vulnerability to predation gave them a wide trophic scope and an important place in the total trophic activity. The quantitative approach used here to analyze community trophics by estimating predation by and upon whole interacting populations offers promise for improved understanding of these complex systems.
The role of U.S. nuclear power in the 21st century

Abstract In the 20th century, the U.S. established itself as the global leader in nuclear science, engineering and technology, in large part because of policy principles established in the 1940s and 1950s. However, with 20% of its current nuclear fleet at risk of premature closure, limited nuclear construction projects on the horizon and increased competition from state-owned nuclear programs in China and Russia, America’s 20th century legacy of leadership may not be sustained in the 21st century.
Monoecious Hydrilla verticillata development in complete darkness

Abstract Hydrilla verticillata is one of the most problematic invasive submersed aquatic weeds in the United States. A study was conducted in growth chambers to look at aspects of development of monoecious Hydrilla verticillata in complete darkness. A single tuber was placed in each of forty-eight growth chambers. Following differential blackout intervals of zero, two, four, six, eight, or ten weeks, plants in each treatment group were dissected into above ground (shoot) and below ground (tuber) material. Plant section length, dry weight, and non-structural carbohydrate content were determined. Shoot lengths increased by 32.1 cm following ten weeks of dark exposure, as compared to the zero-darkness exposure controls. Despite the increase in total shoot length, total dry weight decreased from 34.6 mg (zero-darkness) to 25.4 mg after ten weeks of dark exposure. During this time, tuber dry weight declined from 34.6 mg (zero-darkness) to 5.8 mg and shoot dry weight increased from 0 mg (zero-darkness) to 20 mg. Starch was the most prominent non-structural carbohydrate present in plants throughout the experiment. Starch levels were highest in plants prior to germination (31% of dry weight) and declined significantly and steadily over the course of the 10-week dark development experiment to an average of 20% of dry weight. The results of this study indicate that monoecious hydrilla has a high elongation and development potential over long periods of time in darkness. This adaptation is advantageous in overcoming light blocking management techniques and in allowing the species to occupy a larger area of the profundal zone.
Semiconductor crosspoints

The design considerations for a semiconductor crosspoint consisting of an SCR-diode-resistor circuit are presented and the fabrication process is briefly reviewed. These crosspoints have an ON-resistance of three to four ohms and a capacitance of approximately three picofarads. They can be interconnected on ceramic modules to form matrix arrays for use in telephone line switching applications.
Computer-Aided Drug Design for Undergraduates

A series of computational laboratory experiments aimed at teaching students principles of rational drug design are described and evaluated. These experiments range from an introduction to viewing protein–ligand complexes to optimizing geometries of potential drugs with quantum chemistry and automated docking. Student feedback indicates that such a course increased their appreciation for the roles of chemists in the drug discovery–development process.
Health outcomes for Massachusetts infants after fresh versus frozen embryo transfer.

Objective To compare neonatal health outcomes after fresh versus frozen ET (FET). Design Retrospective analysis of a population-based database of linked clinically assisted reproductive technology (ART) data with state vital records. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between deliveries from fresh versus FET and adverse health outcomes, controlling for maternal characteristics. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Live-born singleton infants born to Massachusetts women who conceived by fresh or FET after ART using autologous oocytes between July 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal mortality, birth defects, organ system conditions. Result(s) Compared with infants conceived from fresh embryos, those born to mothers who underwent FET were less likely to be small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–0.70) and low birth weight (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59–0.88) but more likely to be large for gestational age (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26–1.70) and to experience greater odds of infectious disease (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03–2.06), respiratory (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07–1.41), and neurologic (AOR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) conditions. There were no statistically significant differences in preterm birth, neonatal mortality, birth defects, cardiovascular, hematologic, and gastrointestinal/feeding conditions, and for infants ≥ 35 weeks, no statistically significant differences in prolonged hospital stay (>3 days for vaginal delivery, >5 days for cesarean). Conclusion(s) Compared with infants conceived from fresh ET, those born by FET have higher birth weight but increased odds of infectious disease, hematologic, respiratory, and neurologic abnormalities. These risks should be considered when making decisions on fresh versus FET.
Biotechnology and Resistance to Potato Viruses

Potatoes are susceptible to many viruses, a situation that is exacerbated by viruses that can be transmitted through tuber seed pieces. Such vegetative propagation readily perpetuates and disperses infectious viruses and the diseases they cause. In general, most viruses are controlled by a combination of strategies that include seed certification and agronomic practices (see chapters 14, 15, 17), the most effective of which is host plant resistance. However, obtaining virus resistance is problematic. It is difficult and sometimes impossible to instill sources of resistance into cultivated potato from wild relatives, and obtain or retain agronomically useful cultivars. As a consequence, seed potato certification programs expend significant time and resources to minimize the amount of virus inoculum that enters commercial production. The economic and environmental cost of these practices, such as the application of pesticides for vector control, is of serious concern both to potato producers and consumers.
The nineteenth century liberal tradition and the English School historical narrative

This article uses the framework of “traditions of thought” and “dilemmas” to problematize and revise the English School’s Expansion Narrative of international relations history in the crucial ninet...
High‐Performance Direct Methanol Fuel Cells with PGM‐Free Cathode

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) hold great promise for applications ranging from portable power for electronics to transportation. However, apart from the high costs, current Pt‐based cathodes in DMFCs suffer significantly from performance loss due to severe methanol crossover from anode to cathode. The migrated methanol in cathodes tends to contaminate Pt active sites through yielding a mixed potential region resulting from oxygen reduction reaction and methanol oxidation reaction. Therefore, highly methanol‐tolerant cathodes must be developed before DMFC technologies become viable. The newly developed MOF‐based Fe‐N‐C cathode exhibits high methanol tolerance and exceeds the performance of current Pt cathodes, as evidenced by both rotating disk electrode and DMFC tests. In addition to the highly oxygen-reduction active atomically dispersed FeN4 sites, the unique morphology of MOF-derived carbon in Fe‐N‐C cathodes provides a more unique porous structure. DMFC tests with various methanol concentrations are systematically studied using the best performing Fe‐N‐C catalyst. At feed concentrations greater than 2.0 M, the obtained DMFC performance from the Fe‐N‐C cathode is found to start exceeding that of a Pt/C cathode. This work will open a new avenue to use PGM-free cathode for advanced DMFC technologies with increased performance and at significantly reduced cost.
Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold of Strawberry

Botrytis fruit rot (BFR), also known as gray mold, is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea and is one of the most important diseases of strawberry in Florida and worldwide. This 4-page document describes the symptoms and management of BFR among strawberry plants. Written by J. C. Mertely, M. S. Oliveira, and N. A. Peres and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Plant Pathology, February 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp152
Risk factors for delirium among older adults in the emergency department: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction Delirium is commonly missed in older adults presenting to the emergency department (ED). Although current recommendations for active screening of delirium in the ED, this might not be feasible or practical. Identifying patients at high risk for prevalent and incident delirium in the ED will help to improve the screening process and to build interventions. There is currently scattered synthesis of evidence on risk factors associated with delirium in the ED. To address this gap, we are conducting a systematic review to describe the risk factors (patient vulnerability factors and precipitating factors) for delirium in the ED. Methods and analysis A literature search was performed from inception to March 2020 in Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. We will include original research studies that report a quantitative relationship between at least one risk factor and delirium in the ED setting. Two investigators will use eligibility criteria from this protocol to independently screen titles and abstracts, and select studies based on full-text review of potentially eligible studies. After arriving at a final set of included studies, two investigators will extract data using a standardised data collection form. If appropriate, data regarding each risk factor will be pooled through a random-effect meta-analysis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence. Ethics and dissemination To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review evaluating risk factors for prevalent and incident delirium specifically related to the ED setting. Results of this study will aid in the identification of older adults at risk for delirium in the ED. We aim to publish the results of this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal with good visibility for the fields of emergency medicine and geriatrics. PROSPERO registration number CDR42020175261
An analysis framework of portable and measurable higher education for future cybersecurity workforce development

An educated workforce is essential to government and industry, hence the need to provide a high-quality workforce has been crucial in higher education academic program development. In the cybersecurity field, the situation is not quite satisfactory, the reason comes down to the fact that this new industry is lacking a portable and measurable framework to evaluate the efficacy of the academic programs, thus, to provide the industry with the unified high-quality workforce. In this paper, we aim to come up with a design of an analytical framework for portable and measurable academic programs for future workforce development. The ultimate purpose for our research is to develop cybersecurity workforce through the increase of the number of cybersecurity professionals with a 4-year degree, in this project we will develop a seamless pathway for students transferring from 2-year programs such as Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana(Ivy Tech) Cybersecurity AAS program to a 4-year program such as Purdue University Northwest(PNW) CIT program.
Second-order invariant domain preserving approximation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations

Abstract We present a fully discrete approximation technique for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations that is second-order accurate in time and space, semi-implicit, and guaranteed to be invariant domain preserving. The restriction on the time step is the standard hyperbolic CFL condition, i.e. τ ≲ O ( h ) ∕ V where V is some reference velocity scale and h the typical meshsize.
A More Extensive Lymphadenectomy Enhances Survival Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Objective We sought to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy that optimizes staging and survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. Summary background data Several studies have found that a more extensive lymphadenectomy leads to better disease-specific survival in patients treated with surgery alone. Few studies, however, have investigated whether this association exists for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods We examined our prospective database and identified patients with EAC treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy between 1995 and 2017. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of OS and DFS. The relationship between the total number of nodes removed and 5-year OS or DFS was plotted using restricted cubic spline functions. Results In total, 778 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median number of excised nodes was 21 (interquartile range, 16-27). A lower number of excised lymph nodes was independently associated with worse OS and DFS (OS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.00; P = 0.013; DFS: HR, 0.99; CI, 0.98-1.00; P = 0.028). Removing 25 to 30 lymph nodes was associated with a 10% risk of missing a positive lymph node. Both OS and DFS improved with up to 20 to 25 lymph nodes removed, regardless of treatment response. Conclusions The optimal extent of lymphadenectomy to enhance both staging and survival following chemoradiotherapy, regardless of treatment response, is approximately 25 lymph nodes.
The Course of Brugia malayi Microfilaremia in Experimentally Infected Cats.

As one of the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in humans, Brugia malayi has been established as the laboratory model of choice for studying this infection owing to its viability in small an...
Cystic benign bone tumors in weight bearing bones of the foot: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract Case We present 3 cases of primary benign bone tumors of the foot and ankle and a review of the literature. All patients presented with progressively worsening pain aggravated with weight bearing activities. Imaging revealed osseous abnormalities with pathological diagnoses of a navicular aneurysmal bone cyst, talar fibrous dysplasia and talar giant cell tumor. Conclusion Tumors of the foot and ankle are often overlooked because they are relatively uncommon. Awareness of benign bone lesions of the foot and ankle should promote prompt radiographic examination and referral to orthopaedic specialists, who can treat these lesions before fracture, local spread, or metastasis.
Los indigenismos léxicos en la Relación de la jornada de Cíbola: la americanización del español

The article presents a philological-linguistic analysis of the Relacion de la jornada de Cibola by Pedro de Castaneda de Najera, a text that narrates the 1540-1542 expedition of Francisco Vazquez de Coronado. The study focuses on the indigenous loanwords in the text, together with their documentation in other colonial texts, as well as in lexicographic works. Indigenous borrowings, like semantic extensions of patrimonial Spanish words, represent the Indianization of the Spanish language, in other words, its adaptation to the American context.
Estimation and testing of fixed-effect panel-data systems

This paper describes how to specify, estimate, and test multiple-equation, fixed-effect, panel-data equations in Stata. By specifying the system of equations as seemingly unrelated regressions, Sta...
Discrete sequence prediction with commented Markov models

This paper introduces the concept of Commented Markov Models (CMMs), an extension of the well known Markov Models, together with the relevant induction mechanisms. Given a discrete alphabet Σ and a source producing an input sequence (s1,s2,...,sn) with si ∈ Σ, the task of sequence prediction is to guess the successive sequence element sn+1. Here each element s i may represent an object, a discrete event or any other discrete entity. Prediction with CMM is analogy-based. It is assumed that the final part of the input sequence describes the current state of the source. This final part is matched with earlier subsequences of the input, assuming that it will be continued the same way as was the ‘most similar’ subsequence. CMM learning involves the induction of objects, variables and object classes. While object and class creation are similar to the notions of chunking and merging in other grammatical inference approaches, the use of variables is a novel feature of CMM. It not only generalized the way subsequences can be matched, it also turns CMM from a pure sequence prediction algorithm into a computational model. I will show that CMM has sufficient expressiveness to represent any primitive recursive function. Thus it is not only capable of predicting e.g. the character ‘u’ to follow the sequence ‘seq’, but it can also extrapolate a sequence like ‘45+13=’ by calculating the sum ‘58’.
Rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs.

Objective To determine the validity, magnitude, precision, and applicability of data on the rates at which drugs cause adverse cutaneous reactions. Design Systematic review of the medical literature. Data Source The MEDLINE database was searched (1966-August 2000) for studies that contain information on the rates of cutaneous reactions to drugs. The bibliographies of retrieved articles and review articles were also examined to find relevant studies. Main Outcome Measures Studies that included primary data on cutaneous reaction rates to drugs were evaluated for their validity, magnitude, precision, and applicability, using guidelines derived from existing guidelines for the evaluation of articles about harm and prognosis. Results Nine studies met the study criteria. Five of the studies were based on prospectively collected data on medical inpatients, 2 were retrospective studies based on chart or computerized medical record review, and 2 were based on spontaneous reports and consumption data. The morbilliform drug exanthem and urticaria were the most common cutaneous reactions to drugs. Reaction rates varied from 0% to 8% and were highest for antibiotics (in the range of 1% to 8% for several classes of antibiotics). Conclusions Despite differences in the methods of the studies reviewed and their time of execution, there is remarkable agreement in the results. Reaction rates (and 95% confidence intervals) are available for many commonly used drugs.
Exploring the semantics of UML type structures with Z

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) builds upon some of the best object-oriented (OO) modeling concepts available, and is intended to serve as a common OO modeling notation. Given its intended role, it is important that the UML notation have a well-defined semantic base. In this paper we present some early results from our work on the systematic formalization of UML modeling constructs. The paper focuses on the formalization of UML Class Diagrams. The formal notation Z is used to express the semantics of Class Diagrams.
The stress of Gulf War syndrome

The symptoms, causes and even existence of Gulf War syndrome have led to much controversy —veterans suspect that chemicals are to blame, whereas the US government maintains that it is a type of post-traumatic stress disorder. But they could both be right. According to a new study, both stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (which were used as a preventative treatment against nerve gas) increase production of acetylcholine in synapses. But eventually this leads to a long-lasting decrease in levels of acetylcholine, decreased neuronal excitability and impaired cognition.
The Search for School Safety and the African American Homeschooling Experience

Interest in homeschooling has increased over the last decade, as what was once perceived as a marginal development has turned into a significant phenomenon. There has been, in recent years, a noticeable surge in African American involvement in the homeschooling movement as well. However, there continues to be a general paucity of research on the motivations of homeschooling Black parents. It is the purpose of this essay (1) to present empirical evidence regarding African American motivations for homeschooling; and (2) more specifically, to explore how parental concerns for safety are leading African American families to homeschooling. These concerns, the authors contend, bring to the fore a series of disturbing circumstances and preoccupations that are specific to African Americans.
Finite Amplitude Underwater Torsional Vibrations of Cantilevers

In this paper, we analyze nonlinear torsional vibrations of thin rectangular cross section cantilever beams undergoing moderately large base excitation within a quiescent viscous fluid. The structure is modeled as a linear Euler-Bernoulli beam while the distributed hydrodynamic loading acting on the vibrating structure is described via a nonlinear complex valued hydrodynamic function which incorporates added mass and fluid damping caused by moderately large rotations. Results of a two dimensional computational fluid dynamics parametric analysis of a pitching rigid lamina, representative of a generic beam cross section, are employed to study the dependence of the hydrodynamic function on the governing flow parameters. We find that, as the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation increase, vorticity shedding and convection increase, thus resulting into nonlinear hydrodynamic damping. We derive a tractable form for the hydrodynamic function suitable for studying the nonlinear fluid-structure interactions in large amplitude torsional underwater vibrations. We establish a reduced order nonlinear modal model based on these findings and we validate theoretical predictions against experimental results on underwater torsional vibrations of flexible cantilevers.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Clear, conspicuous, and concise: Disclosures and Twitter word-of-mouth

Abstract Regulatory bodies in the United States and the United Kingdom recently issued revised guidelines concerning the use of endorsements and testimonials in marketing efforts. Of specific interest within these guidelines is the disclosure of a material connection when brand communications are sent within social media platforms such as Twitter. The findings of quantitative and qualitative survey data analysis indicate that consumers may be misled by current disclosure conventions. Managerial implications, policy recommendations, and suggestions for future research are presented in light of these findings.
PG490 (Triptolide) Cooperates with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α to Induce Apoptosis in Tumor Cells

Progress in the treatment of solid tumors has been slow and sporadic. The efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in solid tumors is limited because tumors frequently have mutations in the p53 gene. Also, chemotherapy only kills rapidly dividing cells. Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, however, induce apoptosis regardless of the p53 phenotype. Unfortunately, the cytotoxicity of TNF-α is limited by its activation of NF-κB and activation of NF-κB is proinflammatory. We have identified a compound called PG490, that is composed of purified triptolide, which induces apoptosis in tumor cells and sensitizes tumor cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis. PG490 potently inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB. PG490 also blocked TNF-α-mediated induction of c-IAP2 (hiap-1) and c-IAP1 (hiap-2), members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. Interestingly, PG490 did not block DNA binding of NF-κB, but it blocked transactivation of NF-κB. Our identification of a compound that blocks TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB may enhance the cytotoxicity of TNF-α on tumors in vivo and limit its proinflammatory effects.
Prevalence of Chiari I malformation and cerebellar ectopia in patients with pseudotumor cerebri.

Abstract Background Chiari I malformation (CM) may be present pre-surgically in pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) patients. Whether inferior tonsillar displacement (ITD) is coincidental or linked to increased intracranial pressure is unclear. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of both CM and cerebellar ectopia (CE) (ITD below the foramen magnum ≥ 5 mm and 2–4 mm, respectively) in PTC patients. Methods Retrospective review combined with prospective assessment of 68 PTC patients with available brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and reports. Data collected included patient demographics, height, weight, co-morbid conditions, and medications. MRIs were analyzed for cerebellar tonsillar position, and results were compared with original reports. Results Of 68 PTC patients, 60 (88%) had normal position of the cerebellar tonsils and 8 (12%) had ITD by report. Of the latter group, 4 were identified as CM and 4 as CE. On review of MRIs, however, 16 patients (24%) had ITD, 7 having CM and 9 having CE. All patients with ITD were female, most were overweight or obese, and most had presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Conclusion ITD exists pre-surgically in a significant percentage of PTC patients. ITD is most common in obese or overweight women with presumed IIH. In fact, this subset of patients may actually represent a secondary form of PTC and may benefit from correction of ITD to restore normal intracranial pressure.
Assessment and Intervention for Children With Limited English Proficiency and Language Disorders

The number of children with limited English proficiency (LEP) in U.S. public schools is growing dramatically. Speech-language pathologists increasingly receive referrals from classroom teachers for...
The biochemical and genetic characteristics of murine ovarian aryl hydrocarbon (Benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity and its relationship to primordial oocyte destruction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract Primordial oocyte destruction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons requires metabolic activation of the polycyclic hydrocarbon to an ovotoxic metabolite. The first and perhaps subsequent step(s) in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the proximate ovotoxin occurs via a microsomal cytochrome P -450-dependent monooxygenase. The role of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[ a ]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH, EC 1.14.14.2) in activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons to ovotoxic products was studied in 11 inbred and two F 1 heterozygote murine strains. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon responsive C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice had two- to threefold increases in ovarian AHH activity after polycyclic hydrocarbon treatment. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon nonresponsive DBA/2N and DBA/2J mice had no change in ovarian AHH activity after similar polycyclic hydrocarbon treatment. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon responsive C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice had more rapid primordial oocyte destruction after polycyclic hydrocarbon treatment than the nonresponsive DBA/2N and DBA/2J mice. The (DBA/2N)(C57BL/6N)F 1 and (DBA/2J)(C57BL/6J)F 1 mice were responsive to polycyclic hydrocarbons with two- to threefold increases in ovarian AHH activity after treatment, however, the rate of oocyte destruction was similar to that observed in the nonresponsive DBA/2N and DBA/2J mice. Survey of seven additional inbred strains of mice failed to demonstrate a strong correlation between either absolute ovarian AHH activity or fold induction of ovarian AHH activity and oocyte destruction. Similarly, treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin, a potent inducer of ovarian AHH activity in both polycyclic hydrocarbon responsive and nonresponsive strains, did not alter the rate of oocyte destruction after treatment with benzo[ a ]pyrene or 3-methylcholanthrene. Although metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to an ovotoxin is necessary for primordial oocyte destruction, strain differences in sensitivity to oocyte destruction reflect the biological sum of activation, detoxification, and repair. Therefore, differences in ovarian AHH activity or inducibility may not reflect differences in oocyte destruction after polycyclic hydrocarbon treatment.