cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perturbative Theory of Higher-Order Collision-Enhanced Wave Mixing*

Publisher Summary Collision-enhanced resonances represent an interesting class of nonlinear-optical processes. They occur because collisional dephasing can rephase quantum–mechanical amplitudes that ordinarily cancel out, allowing otherwise unobservable wave-mixing resonances to be seen. It is an especially interesting phenomenon because these resonances are coherent effects that are induced by an incoherent process. This chapter discusses experimental and theoretical spectra for six- and eight-wave-mixing-geometry experiments. Agreement between those spectra was good. Slight discrepancies occured because the theoretical spectra were not convolved with the laser line shape. Instead, the dephasing rates were artificially increased to approximate the line widths. In addition, the Zeeman line in the experimental eight-wave spectrum is a factor of five stronger than in the theoretical spectrum, probably because of ten- and twelve-wave contributions, where it was found that the Zeeman line is stronger.
Prostate cancer screening in Black men: Screening intention, knowledge, attitudes, and reasons for participation

The objective of the present study is to capture the prostate cancer screening intention, knowledge levels, attitudes, and reasons for participation in screening among African American men. African...
Minimally invasive options in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion is the gold standard of surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This procedure is conventionally performed open, through a posterior midline approach. Minimally invasive spinal surgery (MIS) has been found to be associated with decreased blood loss, shorter duration of hospital stays, earlier mobilization, and decreased analgesic requirements in other areas of spinal surgery. In the treatment of patients with AIS, these principles can be applied via a posterior MIS approach and an anterior thoracoscopic approach. This article aimed to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of MIS for AIS surgery. We will describe the rationale for the use of posterior MIS for AIS, a description of the surgical technique and a discussion of the current evidence for its use. We will also describe the indications, surgical technique, and evidence for MIS anterior spinal fusion as a definitive procedure for AIS and for non-fusion convex growth modulation procedures.
Geriatric assessment tool to assist physicians in providing patients with quality care in rural community oncology setting.

200Background: Currently in the USA, 60% of all cancers and 70% of cancer mortality occur s i n people aged 65 and older. However, there are significant gaps in knowledge of oncology treatment outc...
Finding community and overcoming barriers: experiences of queer and transgender postsecondary students in mathematics and other STEM fields

Although there is little research on the experiences of queer and/or transgender postsecondary students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, we can infer from current literature that these subjects may be less welcoming than the humanities and social sciences. We conducted two studies to investigate this possibility: (1) a narrative inquiry study with postsecondary transgender students and (2) a grounded theory narrative study with undergraduate queer students. Transgender students who had transitioned indicated that they were subjected to lower expectations when presenting as female, but transgender women experienced this change as positive, since their treatment by others was no longer accompanied by gender dysphoria. Queer students experienced mathematics and other STEM fields as objective and independent of identity, yet simultaneously exclusionary of their queer identities. Many of the queer students in these studies found strength and resilience in queer communities, but there were some transgender women who did not view being queer as a central facet of their identity and did not feel the same sense of community. In general, those who were more gender-nonconforming felt a greater need for community with other queer people. We draw connections between gender category oppression and gender transgression oppression, and suggest strategies to make academic STEM fields more inclusive of queer and transgender students.
Fate of Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium during Pilot-Scale Spray Drying of Soy Protein Isolate.

ABSTRACT Outbreaks and recalls associated with microbial contamination of powdered foods have raised concern for the safety of the spray-drying process and its products. However, little research on the fate of bacteria during the spray-drying process has been done, leaving much unknown about the risks of contamination in spray dryers. Therefore, quantifying the contamination levels of Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium (as a surrogate) in various locations within a pilot-scale spray dryer can help illustrate the distribution of bacterial contamination, including in the final product. A 10% (w/w) dispersion of water and soy protein isolate was mixed with tryptic soy broth containing yeast extract inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 30 (PT30) or E. faecium strain NRRL B-2354. This dispersion was spray dried using a pilot-scale tall-form cocurrent spray dryer at an inlet air temperature of 180, 200, or 220°C. After drying, samples of powder from eight locations within the system were collected or surface swabbed, plated, and enumerated. Spray drying achieved 2.40 to 4.15 and 2.33 to 2.83 log reductions in the concentrations of Salmonella and E. faecium, respectively, in the final powder product accumulated in the dryer's collectors. Salmonella and E. faecium were found in various concentrations in all locations within the spray dryer after a complete drying cycle. Differences in inlet air temperature between 180 and 220°C had no significant effect on the inactivation levels. As a surrogate, E. faecium was more resistant to spray drying than Salmonella. Overall, spray drying is capable of significant bacterial reduction in the final powder product, which can be combined with other hurdle technologies. However, adequate cleaning and sanitization procedures must be taken into consideration to prevent cross-contamination. HIGHLIGHTS
"All Right, I Give Up. What is Digital Humanities?"

The digital turn impacts not only how scholars of religion present their research, but also how they conduct their research. Jeri Wieringa introduces readers to the digital humanities, the tools it employs, and the questions it raises for scholars of religion. While situating this subfield within the broad humanities, the essay highlights key examples demonstrative of how it manifests within religious studies.
Application of 2021 American Diabetes Association Glycemic Treatment Clinical Practice Recommendations in Primary Care.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the proportion of primary care patients meeting criteria for sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for cardiorenal comorbidities per 2021 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care recommendations using readily available electronic health record (EHR) characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We applied 2021 ADA recommendations to a primary care cohort of 13,350 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESULTS We found that 33% of patients with diabetes would be eligible for an SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA based on cardiorenal comorbidities, 13% of patients met criteria for an SGLT2i based on heart failure or albuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 18% of patients met criteria for either agent based on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or CKD with an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≤300 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS This EHR algorithm identified one-third of primary care patients with T2D as meeting criteria for SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA based on strict comorbidity definitions according to 2021 ADA recommendations.
AICAR decreases acute lung injury by phosphorylating AMPK and upregulating heme oxygenase-1

Introduction Herein we investigated the mechanisms by which 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), administered to mice post exposure to bromine (Br2), decreases lung injury and mortality. Methods We exposed male C57BL/6 mice as well as heme oxygenase-1 deficient (HO-1−/−) and corresponding WT littermate mice to Br2 (600 ppm for 45 or 30 min respectively) gas in environmental chambers and returned them to room air. AICAR was administered 6 h post-exposure (10 mg·kg−1, IP). We assessed survival, indices of lung injury, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the plasma, HO-1 levels in lung tissues and phosphorylation of AMPK and its upstream liver kinase B1 (LKB1). Rat lung Type II epithelial cells (L2) and human club-like epithelial cells (H441) were also exposed to Br2 (100 ppm for 10 min). Twenty-four h later we measured apoptosis and necrosis, AMPK and LKB1 phosphorylation and HO-1 expression. Results There was a marked downregulation of phosphorylated AMPK and LKB1 in both lung tissues and L2 and H441 cells post-exposure. AICAR increased survival in C57BL/6 but not in HO-1−/− mice. Additionally, in WT mice AICAR decreased lung injury and restored pAMPK and pLKB1 to control levels and increased HO-1 levels in both lung tissues and cells exposed to Br2. Treatment of L2 and H441 cells with siRNAs against Nrf2 or HO-1 abrogated the protective effects of AICAR. Conclusions Our data indicate that the primary mechanism for the protective action of AICAR in toxic gas injury is by upregulating lung HO-1 levels.
Listening for silences: Discursive constructions of class within reflections of black male study abroad travelers from the USA

Abstract This article features a critical discourse analysis of narratives gathered from Black men reflecting upon their travel experiences. Though the participants consistently referenced their race and gender through explicit mention and self-naming, ideas concerning the identity marker of class were most often communicated through silence characterized by imprecise, obfuscating language and indirect, euphemistic word choices. Using the tools of critical discourse studies, I explored the nature of these silences and the understandings they revealed in spite of being only indirectly spoken. The implications of this work are both conceptual and applied in nature. Conceptually, the analysis offers a model for considering, grappling with and ultimately mobilizing a data corpus’ instances of silence. The insights gained about the self-understandings of this underrepresented subgroup of study abroad travelers provide helpful information for student affairs and international education practitioners seeking to attract and better serve Black male students.
Piloted Simulation Study of Rudder Pedal Force/Feel Characteristics

A piloted, fixed-base simulation was conducted in 2006 to determine optimum rudder pedal force/feel characteristics for transport aircraft. As part of this research, an evaluation of four metrics for assessing rudder pedal characteristics previously presented in the literature was conducted. This evaluation was based upon the numerical handling qualities ratings assigned to a variety of pedal force/feel systems used in the simulation study. It is shown that, with the inclusion of a fifth metric, most of the rudder pedal force/feel system designs that were rated poorly by the evaluation pilots could be identified. It is suggested that these metrics form the basis of a certification requirement for transport aircraft.
CD26-/DPP IV-Positive Lymphocytes in Murine Acute Experimental Colitis

Stress has long been postulated to influence the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by mechanisms such as the interaction of neuroendocrine and immune system, abnormalities of epithelial ions secretion and passage of macromolecules into the lamina propria. There is some evidence of a dysregulation of the balance of proand antiinflammatory cytokines and T helper lymphocyte subsets in chronic intestinal inflammation. Studies in humans and in animal models indicate that stress skews the balance to response. CD26 is a cell surface ecto-enzyme with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) activity expressed in different tissues, including a subset of human resting T cells. DPPIV is a serine protease with unique enzyme activity that can cleave off terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins having either L-proline or L-arginine at the penultimate position. CD26 is involved in T cell migration through endothelial cell monolayers and also serves as membrane binding protein for ecto adenosine diaminase (ADA) . It has earlier been demonstrated that high expression of CD26 defines a type phenotype with enhanced production of like cytokines, namely
Dimensionality Reduction for Text using Domain Knowledge

Text documents are complex high dimensional objects. To effectively visualize such data it is important to reduce its dimensionality and visualize the low dimensional embedding as a 2-D or 3-D scatter plot. In this paper we explore dimensionality reduction methods that draw upon domain knowledge in order to achieve a better low dimensional embedding and visualization of documents. We consider the use of geometries specified manually by an expert, geometries derived automatically from corpus statistics, and geometries computed from linguistic resources.
A 66dB DR 1.2V 1.2mW single-amplifier double-sampling 2/sup nd/-order /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC for WCDMA in 90nm CMOS

A single-amplifier double-sampling second-order /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC with 5-level quantization is implemented in 90nm CMOS. To alleviate the capacitor mismatch issues in double sampling techniques, a single capacitor method is introduced, achieving 63dB peak SNDR and 66dB DR in a 1.94MHz bandwidth while consuming 1.2mW from a 1.2V supply.
Expression of insulin/insulin-like signalling and TOR pathway genes in honey bee caste determination

The development of queen and worker castes in honey bees is induced by differential nutrition, with future queens and workers receiving diets that are qualitatively and quantitatively different. We monitored the gene expression of 14 genes for components of the insulin/insulin-like signalling and TOR pathways in honey bee larvae from 40-88 h after hatching. We compared normally fed queen and normally fed worker larvae and found that three genes showed expression differences in 40-h-old larvae. Genes that show such early differences in expression may be part of the mechanism that transduces nutrition level into a hormone signal. We then compared changes in expression after shifts in diet with those in normally developing queens and workers. Following a shift to the worker diet, the expression of 9/14 genes was upregulated in comparison with queens. Following a shift to the queen diet, expression of only one gene changed. The honey bee responses may function together as a homeostatic mechanism buffering larvae from caste-disrupting variation in nutrition. The different responses would be part of the canalization of both the queen and worker developmental pathways, and as such, a signature of advanced sociality.
CytoJournal joins 'open access' philosophy

Welcome to CytoJournal! We would like to introduce you to your journal, one that is run by and for the scientific cytopathology community with incontestable benefits of Open Access, and support from Cytopathology Foundation, Inc. http://www.cytopathology-foundation.org/index.htmlCytoJournal is a peer-reviewed, PubMed indexed, online journal, publishing research in the field of cytopathology and related areas, with world wide free access. Authors submitting to CytoJournal retain the copyright to their hard earned work.
The Emergence of ‘Workforce Development’: Definition, Conceptual Boundaries and Implications

This chapter begins a much-needed discourse about workforce development, a term used with increasing frequency among educational practitioners, policy-makers and scholars alike. In spite of the increasing use of the term, there has been limited discussion about its meaning and implications for established fields of study (Giloth, 2000; Grubb, 1999; Harrison and Weiss, 1998). This discourse is critical for both theoretical and practical reasons, particularly given the economic and social benefits that are expected from workforce development programmes (Grubb and Lazerson, 2004). Specifically, the purposes of this chapter are: (a) to discuss the emergence of workforce development based on five historical streams; (b) to propose a definition and conceptual boundaries for workforce development; and (c) to explore the implications of workforce development on policy-makers, researchers and practitioners.
Defining and implementing a scientific analysis software architecture

The computing employed in oil and gas exploration is predominately scientific, resulting in a variety of data analysis applications. Although the analytical domains vary greatly (e.g., seismic processing,, geologic modeling, engineering facilities design, etc.), the requirements that shape their software architectures are similar. Such analysis systems are rarely illustrated in the software analysis/design and architecture literature.We describe a product line software architecture,SALSA (Scientific Analysis System Layers Architecture), developed at ExxonMobil's Upstream Technical Computing Organization. Key forces that led to the SALSA include the data analysis process itself, the need to access data stored in a variety of formats, integrating our analysis tools with third party tools, and isolating our codes from external changes. Although derived from Layers software architectures described in the literature, we have elaborated SALSA to identify objects within each layer specific to an architecture focussed on analysisSALSA is a product of a software development cultural change instituted over the past few years at ExxonMobil. We adopted a vision of "architecture-centric" software development. This vision, supported at the upper management and grassroots levels, began with a software architecture team to steward our architectures; and a career development program including OOAD training for all developers and a biweekly "School of the Architects" seminar series. Thus far, the results include a way of thinking about our main product, captured inSALSA; several product-line architectures based onSALSA; a beginning of an architecture-centric reuse effort, also based on SALSA; and a visible change in the way we view and approach software development.
Ensiling agricultural residues for bioethanol production.

The potential of using ensiling, with and without supplemental enzymes, as a cost-effective pretreatment for bioethanol production from agricultural residues was investigated. Ensiling did not significantly affect the lignin content of barley straw, cotton stalk, and triticale hay ensiled without enzyme, but slightly increased the lignin content in triticale straw, wheat straw, and triticale hay ensiled with enzyme. The holocellulose (cellulose plus hemicellulose) losses in the feedstocks, as a result of ensiling, ranged from 1.31 to 9.93%. The percent holocellulose loss in hays during ensiling was lower than in straws and stalks. Ensiling of barley, triticale, wheat straws, and cotton stalk significantly increased the conversion of holocellulose to sugars during subsequent hydrolysis with two enzyme combinations. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ensiled and untreated feedstocks by Celluclast 1.5 L-Novozyme 188 enzyme combination resulted in equal or higher saccharification than with Spezyme® CP-xylanase combination. Enzyme loadings of 40 and 60 FPU/g reducing sugars gave similar sugar yields. The percent saccharification with Celluclast 1.5 L-Novozyme 188 at 40 FPU/g reducing sugars was 17.1 to 43.6%, 22.4 to 46.9%, and 23.2 to 32.2% for untreated feedstocks, feedstocks ensiled with, and without enzymes, respectively. Fermentation of the hydrolysates from ensiled feedstocks resulted in ethanol yields ranging from 0.21 to 0.28 g/g reducing sugars.
Spectroscopic and chemical-kinetic analysis of the phases of HCCI autoignition and combustion for single- and two-stage ignition fuels

The temporal phases of autoignition and combustion in an HCCI engine have been investigated in both an all-metal engine and a matching optical engine. Gasoline, a primary reference fuel mixture (PRF80), and several representative real-fuel constituents were examined. Only PRF80, which is a two-stage ignition fuel, exhibited a ''cool-flame'' low-temperature heat-release (LTHR) phase. For all fuels, slow exothermic reactions occurring at intermediate temperatures raised the charge temperature to the hot-ignition point. In addition to the amount of LTHR, differences in this intermediate-temperature heat-release (ITHR) phase affect the fuel ignition quality. Chemiluminescence images of iso-octane show a weak and uniform light emission during this phase. This is followed by the main high-temperature heat-release (HTHR) phase. Finally, a ''burnout'' phase was observed, with very weak uniform emission and near-zero heat-release rate (HRR). To better understand these combustion phases, chemiluminescence spectroscopy and chemical-kinetic analysis were applied for the single-stage ignition fuel, iso-octane, and the two-stage fuel, PRF80. For both fuels, the spectrum obtained during the ITHR phase was dominated by formaldehyde chemiluminescence. This was similar to the LTHR spectrum of PRF80, but the emission intensity and the temperature were much higher, indicating differences between the ITHR and LTHR phases. Chemical-kinetic modeling clarified themore » differences and similarities between the LTHR and ITHR phases and the cause of the enhanced ITHR with PRF80. The HTHR spectra for both fuels were dominated by a broad CO continuum with some contribution from bands of HCO, CH, and OH. The modeling showed that the CO+ O{yields}CO{sub 2}+h{nu} reaction responsible for the CO continuum emission tracks the HTHR well, explaining the strong correlation observed experimentally between the total chemiluminescence and HRR during the HTHR phase. It also showed that the CO continuum does not contribute to the ITHR and LTHR chemiluminescence. Bands of H{sub 2}O and O{sub 2} in the red and IR regions were also detected during the HTHR, which the data indicated were most likely due to thermal excitation. The very weak light emission in the ''burnout'' phase also appeared to be thermal emission from H{sub 2}O and O{sub 2}. (author)« less
Detection of semiconductor defects using a novel fractal encoding algorithm

This paper introduces a new non-referential defect detection (NRDD) algorithm for application to digital images of semiconductor wafers required during the manufacturing process. This new algorithm is composed to two major steps: (1) defect detection via the use of fractal image encoding and (2) enhanced defect boundary delineation using active contours. One primary application for this technology is the redetection of defects within archived databases of historical defect imagery. Defect images are commonly stored by semiconductor manufacturers for future diagnostic purposes, but reference images are usually unavailable. The ability to automatically redetect a defect is crucial in an automated diagnostic system that uses the historical defect images for defect sourcing. Results are presented for four large data sets of semiconductor images. Three of these data sets are composed of scanning-electron microscope (SEM) images and the fourth contains optical microscope images. Performance criteria were created that score the NRDD segmentation result as a percentage based on a comparison to a manually outlined version of the defect. The overall NRDD score across all four databases ranged from 50 percent to 84 percent using the same set of manually-determined parameters on all image within each database. By using an automated parameter setting algorithm these performance values improved to 57 percent to 92 percent. The NRDD algorithm performance depends, in part, on the size of the defect and the level of complexity of the background of the semiconductor image.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SELF-REINFORCEMENT, LOCUS OF REWARD AND TASK MAINTENANCE, AND ALCOHOLISM

Groups of 44 hospitalized alcoholics and 31 psychiatric patients were compared with 40 nonclinical controls on their self-reinforcement behaviors. The groups did not differ on self-reward but the psychiatric group self-punished more than the other two groups, while the alcoholics tended to self-punish the least. On a second task, 30 alcoholic subjects were assigned to either one of two reward conditions, self- or externally (other-) administered reward for task maintenance. Those alcoholics receiving rewards from others did significantly better on the task than those rewarding themselves. Results are discussed in light of the externality hypotheses of alcoholism.
A predetermined algorithm for detecting a counterfeit coin with a mutli-arms balance

Abstract We consider the classical problem of searching a light coin in a set of n coins, n − 1 of which have the same weight. The weighing device is a balance scale with r ⩾ 2 pans that, when r equally sized subset of coins are weighted, indicates the eventual subset containing the light coin. We give a predetermined algorithm that requires the minimum possible average number of weighings for almost all values of n.
HCI meets data mining: principles and tools for big data analytics

This two-part course takes a practical approach to introduce you to the principles, tools and pitfalls in big data analytics. Part 1: A non-technical introduction illustrating where HCI and data mining as fields of research and practice can benefit from each other with illustrative case studies, followed by a review of tools for analyzing datasets from small to huge. Part 2: A more technical discussion of how to "do it right", such as: How to choose a "big data" platform for your work (or do you need one at all)? How to find an algorithm that is right for your data? How to evaluate your approach appropriately? And more... Audience: HCI researchers, practitioners, and students. No prior knowledge of data mining or machine learning is required. Teaching Methods: Lecture and videos. Instructor Background: Prof. Polo Chau has been working at the intersection of HCI and data mining for over 9 years, to create scalable, interactive tools for big data analytics. Now a professor at Georgia Tech's College of Computing, Polo holds a Ph.D. in Machine Learning and a Masters in HCI, both from Carnegie Mellon. His thesis on bridging HCI and data mining for making sense of large network data won received Carnegie Mellon's Distinguished Computer Science Dissertation Award, Honorable Mention. He teaches the "Data and Visual Analytics" course at Georgia Tech. Polo is the only two-time Symantec fellow. He contributes to the PEGASUS peta-scale graph mining that won an Open Source Software World Challenge Silver Award. Polo's NetProbe auction fraud detection research appeared on The Wall Street Journal, CNN, TV and radio. His Polonium malware detection technology protects 120 million people worldwide.
Theoretical expression, C44 = 13 (2C11−C12), in better agreement with experiment than the cauchy relation C44 = C12 for f.c.c. crystals

Abstract The formalism developed by Milstein and Hill to compute the elastic properties of cubic crystal under pressure is used to show that C 44 = 1 3(2C 11 −C 12 ) for models of f.c.c. crystals which allow for complications of atomic binding, but in which nearest neighbor interactions determine the values of the elastic moduli. This relation is in better agreement with experimental data for metals and inert gas solids than the Cauchy relation C44 = C12. Also, pseudopotential computations of the elastic moduli of Cu and Ag provide theoretical support for the efficacy of the model under high (as well as atmospheric) pressure.
Taking aim at novel vaccines market.

The World Vaccine Congress Washington 2009 was held in Chantilly, VA USA April 2O -23rd. The Vaccine congress attracted over 400 participants from across the world, including leading vaccine manufacturers, biotechs, governmental agencies, NGOs, research and academic institutes, venture capital and legal firms, contract service and equipment manufacturers. The speakers covered a wide range of topics, including the role of government and regulatory agencies, funding availability, research and development, manufacturing, packaging and post vaccine evaluations. Past vaccine development efforts have historically focused on infectious diseases. With advancements in the field of immunology, molecular biology and vaccinology, the vaccine field has begun moving in new directions. “Taking aim at novel vaccines market” session chaired by Dr. Una Ryan, Chief Executive Officer of Waltham Technologies, was focused on traditional approaches to novel targets (nosocomial infections), novel approaches to traditional targ...
Glycosyltransferases in metastasizing and non-metastasizing rat mammary tumors and the release of these enzymes in the host sera.

Abstract In order to study the role of glycosyltransferases in the process of metastasis, levels of sialyltransferase and two N -acetylglucosaminyltransferases in three established strains of spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary tumors were compared with four non-metastasizing strains. Activity of sialyltransferase was significantly lower in the metastasizing tumor, while the levels of both the N -acetylglucosaminyltransferases were comparable in the two groups. Levels of five glycosyltransferases were determined in the serially drawn sera of a group of rats bearing a representative metastasizing tumor (SMT- 2 A), a representative non-metastasizing tumor (MT-W 9 B) and a group of control female rats, from the day of tumor transplantation up to the 6 th week of tumor development, at weekly intervals. In the sera of rats bearing SMT- 2 A, the levels of sialyl-and galactosyltransferases were significantly ( P 3 rd to 4 th week after tumor transplant; while no such elevation was observed for those bearing MT-W 9 B, compared to the control group of rats. Levels of two fucosyltransferases, one N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase, were not elevated significantly in any of the tumor bearing rats. No significant change in the levels of protein-bound hexose, fucose or hexosamine was observed in these tumor bearing rats compared to control group.
Wavelet aided multivariate outlier analysis to enhance defect contrast in thermal images

A novel two-stage signal reconstruction approach is proposed to analyze raw thermal image sequences for damage detection purposes by Infrared Thermographic NDE. The first stage involves low-pass filtering using Wavelets. In the second stage, a Multivariate Outlier Analysis is performed on filtered data using a set of signal features. The proposed approach significantly enhances the defective area contrast against the background in infrared thermography NDE. The two-stage approach has some advantages in comparison to the traditionally used methods, including automation in the defect detection process and better defective area isolation through increased contrast. The method does not require a reference area to function. The results are presented for the case of a composite plate with simulated delaminations, and a composite sandwich plate with skin-core disbonds.
102 PROGRESSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY IN PATIENT TREATED WITH PITUITARY HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

We report the case of a hypopituitary patient treated with human pituitary-derived growth hormone with a neurological disorder initially thought to be Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD). Between 1978. and 1981. he received 150 injections of Kabl-Vitrum Creshormone. In 1985. at the age of 18 he began to have difficulty in speech, writing and balance and exhibited behaviour changes. CT scan of the brain revealed massive calcifications within cerebellar hemispheres. Other laboratory results including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, serum electrolytes and parathormone levels and EEG were normal. His father's CT scan of the brain showed a minor calcification of the caudate nucleus, without clinical symptomatology. Follow-up of the patient revealed slow but clear progression of speech, truncal and gait ataxia and coordination difficulties He became withdrawn, depressive and slightly agressiva. Repeated EEGs were normal and the pair of proteins characteristic for CJD were not detected in CSF. Most probably our patient has Fahr's disease (familial basal ganglia calcification) but for a definitive diagnosis histopathology of the brain would be needed.
A study in evolution: the DNA base sequence homology between coliphages T7 and T3.

Abstract As part of a continuing effort to understand evolution on the basis of comparing the base sequences of related coliphage DNA's, the heteroduplex T7M-T3L has been constructed in vitro and directly observed in the electron microscope. The fraction of the heteroduplex observed as double-stranded decreases with an increase in denaturing conditions. This observation indicates that the DNA's of T7 and T3 have extensive sequences of partial homology. There are base changes throughout most of the genome. The terminal redundancies are non-homologous. However, there is little change in the sequence of the structural genes 8, 15, 16 and 17, and in the sequence of the early messenger RNA promoter and termination sites.
Assessing Preventability for Obstetric Hemorrhage

We sought to determine preventability for cases of obstetric hemorrhage, identify preventable factors, and compare differences between levels of hospital. We retrospectively reviewed a 1-year cohort of severe and near-miss obstetric hemorrhage in an urban perinatal network. An expert panel, using a validated preventability model, reviewed all cases. Preventability and distribution of preventability factors were compared between levels of hospital care. Sixty-three severe and near-miss obstetric hemorrhage cases were identified from 11 hospitals; 54% were deemed potentially preventable. Overall preventability was not statistically different by level of hospital, and 88% were provider related. The only treatment-related preventability factors were significantly different between levels of hospital and significantly less common in level III hospitals (p
An integrated expert decision support system for agricultural management

Abstract This paper describes the CALEX system, a microcomputer based integrated expert decision support system for agricultural management. The program, which is implemented in conjunction with domain specific modules, consists of three separate subprograms: an executive, a scheduler, and an expert system shell. The executive serves as the primary interface to the user, to models, and to the disk. The scheduler generates a sequence of management activities by repeatedly activating the expert system. The expert system makes the actual management decisions. The CALEX package is domain independent and can be used with any commodity. Initial development of the program has focused on the development of a package of modules for California cotton and another package for peaches. This paper describes the architecture of the basic CALEX program. The features of the CALEX package are illustrated with brief descriptions of some of the commodity specific implementations. Full descriptions of commodity specific implementations will be given elsewhere.
Stereospecificity for nicotinamide nucleotides in enzymatic and chemical hydride transfer reactions.

(1985). Stereospecificity for Nicotinamide Nucleotides in Enzymatic and Chemical Hydride Transfer Reaction. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 313-451.
The need for biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drug development.

Recent contributions to Neurology ® have highlighted the disappointing lack of demonstrated efficacy of novel therapeutic approaches to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).1–3 Failure of translation, from promising preclinical studies to positive clinical trials, has raised concerns about the relevance of animal models and about clinical trial design. Development of novel therapeutics in ALS is also severely hampered by the lack of a biologic marker (biomarker) defined as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic response to a therapeutic intervention.”4 The importance of biomarkers in therapy development is underscored by the fact that for diseases in which good biomarkers exist, such as glycosylated hemoglobin for diabetes and serum lipid profiles for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, there are multiple approved drugs, while for diseases in which there are no good biomarkers, such as Alzheimer disease, muscular dystrophy, and ALS, there are very few therapeutic options. Biomarkers have been proposed for ALS, although none are currently incorporated into clinical …
Effect of allopurinol on NMDA receptor modification following recurrent asphyxia in newborn piglets

The present study tests the hypothesis that repeated episodes of asphyxia will lead to alterations in the characteristics of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain cell membrane of newborn piglets and that pre-treatment with allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, will prevent these modifications. Eighteen newborn piglets were studied. Six untreated and six allopurinol treated animals were subjected to eight asphyxial episodes and compared to six normoxic, normocapneic controls. Brain cell membrane Na+,K+-ATPase activity was determined to assess membrane function. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was decreased from control following asphyxia in both the untreated and treated animals (47.7±3.2 vs. 43.0±2.2 and 41.0±5.3 μmol Pi/mg protein/h, p<0.05, respectively). 3H-MK-801 binding studies were performed to measure NMDA receptor binding characteristics. The receptor density (Bmax) in the untreated asphyxia group was decreased compared to control animals (0.80±0.11 vs. 1.13±0.33, p<0.05); furthermore, the dissociation constant (Kd) was also decreased (3.8±0.7 vs. 9.2±2.2, p<0.05), indicating an increase in receptor affinity. In contrast, Bmax in the allopurinol treated asphyxia group was similar to control (1.06±0.37); and Kd was higher (lower affinity) than in the untreated group (6.5±1.4, p<0.05). The data indicate that recurrent asphyxial episodes lead to alterations in NMDA receptor characteristics; and that despite cell membrane dysfunction as seen by a decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity, allopurinol prevents modification of NMDA receptor–ion channel binding characteristics induced by repeated episodes of asphyxia.
ePortfolios: The Method of Choice for Validation.

Community colleges have long been institutions of higher education in the arenas of technical education and training, as well as preparing students for transfer to universities. While students are engaged in their student learning outcomes, projects, research, and community service, how have these students validated their work? One method of validation is the design and development of the personal and professional ePortfolio. This article chronicles the process of how ePortfolios offer validation of a student’s learning experiences to meet workforce expectations as part of an individual’s holistic social media footprint (e.g., ePortfolios [workforce] and social media [interpersonal]).
Differential regulation of platelet‐derived growth factor stimulated migration and proliferation in osteoblastic cells

Osteoblastic migration and proliferation in response to growth factors are essential for skeletal development, bone remodeling, and fracture repair, as well as pathologic processes, such as metastasis. We studied migration in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, 10 ng/ml) in a wounding model. PDGF stimulated a twofold increase in migration of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and murine calvarial osteoblasts over 24-48 h. PDGF also stimulated a tenfold increase in 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation in MC3T3-E1 cells. Migration and DNA replication, as measured by BrdU incorporation, could be stimulated in the same cell. Blocking DNA replication with aphidicolin did not reduce the distance migrated. To examine the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in migration and proliferation, we used specific inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). For these signaling studies, proliferation was measured by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) using flow cytometry. Inhibition of the p38 MAP kinase pathway by SB203580 and SB202190 blocked PDGF-stimulated migration but had no effect on proliferation. Inhibition of the ERK pathway by PD98059 and U0126 inhibited proliferation but did not inhibit migration. Inhibition of JNK activity by SP600125 inhibited both migration and proliferation. Hence, the stimulation of migration and proliferation by PDGF occurred by both overlapping and independent pathways. The JNK pathway was involved in both migration and proliferation, whereas the p38 pathway was predominantly involved in migration and the ERK pathway predominantly involved in proliferation.
A novel method for the rapid quantitative determination of ribosome dissociation factor (IF-3) activity. An assay based on the coupling of the dissociation and peptidyltransferase reactions

Abstract An assay for factor-dependent ribosome dissociation has been developed, by coupling with the peptidyltransferase reaction between acylaminoacyl-tRNAs and puromycin. The peptidyltransferase reaction is specific for 60S subunits; it is inhibited by derived 40S subunits which combine with derived 60S subunits to form ribosomes. Native 40S subunits, and derived 40S subunits treated with an extract (IF-3) obtained from native 40S subunits, do not interact with 60S subunits and they do not affect the 60S-dependent peptidyltransferase reaction. The native 40S extract releases subunits from 80S ribosomes and the 60S subunits released, a measure of dissociation, can be determined by the peptidyltransferase reaction.
Terrorism and Human Rights in the New Millennium: In Search of Equilibrium

The aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks has seen a resurgence of sociologically-informed writings on terrorism and the tension between counterterrorist measures and human rights policies. This study of the intersection of counterterrorism and human rights is not novel by any means. In Leviathan Thomas Hobbes argued that individuals in a state must give up some of their rights in order to gain security. Nicolo Machiavelli made a similar claim in The Prince, asserting that individuals are willing to surrender certain powers to the state in return for better personal security. More recently, at the end of the twentieth century, scholars such as Christopher Hewitt, Paul Wilkinson, Martha Crenshaw, and David Charters have written on the tradeoff of counterterrorist policies and rights, usually focusing on the fight of democracies against terrorism and on the prices of this fight. However, since 9/11 there has been an influx of new writings, largely focused on the fight against the “new terrorism” and juxtaposing it with what some call the “global human rights regime.” These two terms (“new terrorism” and “the global human rights regime”) demand further elaboration. While there is no consensus over what “new terrorism” is and over how genuinely different it is from the “old terrorism,” there are a number of elements which appear to be more prevalent in the terrorism of the new millennium. These include acts that are increasingly motivated by cultural and religious (rather than national) justifications, a Qual Sociol (2010) 33:205–210 DOI 10.1007/s11133-010-9147-z
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the Crab Nebula and the oxygen abundance of the interstellar medium

The measurement and analysis of a high-resolution soft X-ray spectrum of the Crab Nebula obtained with the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer on the Einstein Observatory are reported. A hydrogen column density of 3.45 + or - 0.42 x 10 to the 21st/sq cm and an oxygen column density of 2.78 + or - 0.55 x 10 to the 18th/sq cm, corresponding to an oxygen abundance of 1.1 + or - 0.3 times solar, were obtained. The absence of any evident oxygen depletion effects suggests that most interstellar grains are reasonably transparent to soft X-rays, implying sizes of less than 0.4 micron. The detailed spectrum in the vicinity of the oxygen edge gives marginal evidence for a resonant absorption line and suggests an edge from singly ionized oxygen.
Regional Patterns of Organizational Dominance: 1955–1975*

The ecological notion of metropolitan dominance is explored through the examination of a hierarchy of urban places. This hierarchy is based on organizational bases rather than functional characteristics as has been the case in most past research. This approach is preferable to the more traditional method in that organizational bases are more easily measured, and they offer an observable medium through which dominance is exercised. The hierarchy of metropolitan areas is perceived as comprising a social network, with influence accruing to a metropolis on the basis of its relationships with all other places in the system. The data are aggregated to the regional level in order to facilitate comparisons, and it is observed that power is becoming more diffuse spatially as it becomes more concentrated organizationally. Furthermore, the regional structure of the system of influence relations is being altered as the sunbelt metropolitan areas become more powerful. Other changes are found in the nature of the influence exercised by the growing urban areas of the southern and western regions. The data on organizational bases of dominance consist of corporate linkages reflecting the intraorganizational division of labor. The corporations themselves are drawn from the group of industrial corporations listed on the American Stock Exchange or the New York Stock Exchange in either 1955 or 1975.
Glut1 and glut3 expression, but not capillary density, is increased by cobalt chloride in rat cerebrum and retina.

Treatment of rats with cobalt chloride [Co(II)], an agent that stimulates the expression of a set of hypoxia-responsive genes, for 10-12 days resulted in 1.45- and 1.40-fold increases in the content of Glut1 mRNA and Glut1 in cerebral gray matter, respectively (P<0. 05 for both changes). The increase in Glut1 content was associated with a significant increase in the content of Glut1 staining in microvessels isolated from cerebral gray matter, and in the intensity of Glut1 in microvessels of the frontal lobe and hippocampus assessed by immunohistochemistry. The abundance of Glut3 in cerebrum of Co(II)-treated rats also increased by 1.3-fold (P<0. 05), but the increase was not associated with a change in the content of Glut3 mRNA. In retina, treatment with Co(II) resulted in 2.48- and 1.23-fold increases in the content of Glut1 mRNA and Glut1 protein, respectively (P<0.05 for both changes); similar increases in Glut1 protein expression were observed in isolated retinal microvasculature. The content of Glut3 in retina also increased 1. 5-fold in Co(II)-treated rats (P<0.05). In addition, treatment with Co(II) resulted in a significant 2.2-fold increase in the expression of VEGF in the cerebrum. However, despite the Co(II)-induced increase in Glut1 expression in cerebral and retinal microvasculature and VEGF in cerebrum, there was no increase in the capillary density in either tissue. It is concluded that a 10-12 day exposure to Co(II), presumably acting through the hypoxia-signaling pathway, results in enhanced expression of both major glucose transporters in cerebral cortex and retina, without increasing the capillary density of either tissue.