cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miniaturization Techniques Using Magnetic Materials for Broadband Antenna Applications

This paper investigates the instrumentation necessary to analyze frequency-dependent complex parameters of solid magnetic materials based on T/R-based waveguide measurement technique proposed by W. B. Weir. Based on the magnitude and phase values of transmission and reflection coefficients measured using vector network analyzer, complex permittivity and permeability are calculated using the expressions defined. Equations necessary for calculating the complex parameters as a function of frequency with required step size are derived from the experimental results. To validate mathematical expressions developed for composite magnetic materials, the design of a compact 2–18 GHz cavity-backed spiral antenna using off-the-shelf magnetic materials is presented. The electrical performance of the cavity along with stack of high contrast magnetic materials of varying dimensions is modeled and simulated in ANSYS HFSS software.
Chitosan and water-soluble chitosan effects on refrigerated catfish fillet quality

Abstract Chitosan’s water insolubility restricts its use in some food systems. However, when treated with enzymes, a water-soluble chitosan is developed, which overcomes insolubility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan and water-soluble chitosan applications on refrigerated catfish fillet quality. Fresh catfish fillets were separately vacuum tumbled with distilled water, 1% acetic acid, chitosan (0.5% in acetic acid), and water-soluble chitosan (0.5% in distilled water). Sampling was done at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. The fillets were analyzed for lipid oxidation, aerobic plate counts, yeast and mold counts, cutting force, color, and pH. Triplicate experiments were done and the data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 0.05. Water-soluble chitosan had 86 ± 2% water solubility compared to 1.9 ± 0.2% for chitosan. Fillets treated with water-soluble chitosan solution had lipid oxidation reduced by approximately 70% compared to untreated fillets during 20 days of refrigerated storage. Chitosan treated fillets showed the highest inhibition with aerobic plate, yeast and mold counts. Initially, fillets treated with acetic acid and chitosan solutions had a more rapid decrease in hardness than those vacuum tumbled with water-soluble chitosan and distilled water. Therefore, this study showed both the advantages and limitations of applying chitosan or water-soluble chitosan for preserving catfish fillet quality during refrigerated storage.
Evolutionary increases in catecholamine signaling may underlie the emergence of adaptive traits and behaviors in the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus

Abstract Evolutionary changes in catecholamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline can lead to habitat specific behaviors. We used tyrosine hydroxylase, a conserved precursor to the biosynthesis of dopamine and noradrenaline, to compare catecholaminergic neurons in the brain of a species undergoing allopatric speciation. The teleost fish Astyanax mexicanus is extant in two readily available forms, an ancestral river dwelling form (surface) and various derived blind cave forms (cavefish). Adaptation to nutrient poor cave life without predation has led to marked differences in the behavior of this species. The cavefish has lost defensive responses, such as stimulus aversion, found in the ancestral surface fish and instead displays enhanced food seeking behaviors. This is reflected by an increase in catecholamine immunoreactivity in the cavefish brain in regions associated with non-visual sensory perception, motor control pathways, attention, and endocrine release. These neuroanatomical regions include the olfactory system, the basal telencephalon, the preoptic nuclei, the posterior tuberculum, caudal hypothalamus, and isthmus. These results indicate that the evolutionary shift from aversive defensive responses to attractive exploratory behaviors was driven by increases in the size and/or quantity of catecholaminergic neurons in the cavefish brain.
Decomposition of complete graphs into connected bipartite unicyclic graphs with eight edges

We prove that each of the 34 non-isomorphic connected unicyclic bipartite graphs with eight edges decomposes the complete graph K n whenever the necesary conditions are satisfied.
Self- and Other-Directed Violence as Outcomes of Deployment-Based Military Sexual Assault in Iraq/Afghanistan-era Veteran Men and Women.

Although military sexual assault (MSA) has been well established as a risk factor for psychopathology (e.g., PTSD, depression), little research has examined the association between MSA and self- an...
Applied Webservices Platform Supported Through Modified Edit Distance Algorithm: Automated Phonetic Transcription Grading Tool (APTgt)

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper in short terms, i.e. 150–250 words. This research proposes a platform to improve the user experience of Communications Disorders (CMDS) faculty and their students. Traditionally CMDS faculty have the task of training new scholars in the field on communication disorders in the craft of phonetic transcription utilizing the using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). This can be a phoneme by phoneme transcription of words that have to be analyzed in a phoneme by phoneme process. In the department of Computer Science (CS), we had to opportunity to engage in this participatory design exercise with CMDS to analyze and automate this process. This project utilizes a variant of the Edit Distance algorithm for preprocessing the distance between the phonetic transcriptions of the professor’s provided key and student’s response. We call this platform, the Automated Phonetic Transcription grading tool, APTgt. The platform dramatically speeds up the grading process (i.e. instant feedback) as compared to traditional manual grading. The case discussed is a complex multivariate problem in the field of Communications Disorders of using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as a transcription language to support students learning the IPA language. Our focus was to develop an engaging, easy to use platform that can support interactive online learning and reduce complexity of evaluation and feedback for transcript tasks.
Subway station dwell time prediction and user-induced delay

Subway station dwell time (subway SDT) is used by transit agencies in determining scheduling, capacity, emissions, and cost. Currently, most use a static subway SDT value that is not responsive to ...
High-Resolution Physiological Stress Prediction Models based on Ensemble Learning and Recurrent Neural Networks

High-resolution stress detection is an essential requirement for designing time- and event-based stress monitoring systems as a building block for mobile and e-health systems aimed at supporting personalised treatments, both in clinical and remote settings. However, most of the existing solutions focus on binary or few-class stress detection, thus providing a limited feedback and reducing their utility and applicability in real- world scenarios. In this paper we present an alternative approach that overcomes the standard formulation of stress detection as supervised classification problem, by using ensemble learners and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as the most relevant models for solving time series regression tasks. We trained and tested models using WESAD, a public multimodal wearable dataset for stress and affect detection, and we defined and computed stress scores based on various validated questionnaires stored in the dataset to be used as ground truth. Leave-One- Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation scheme has been applied to test the generalisation capabilities of each model in predicting individual stress scores. Results show that Nonlinear AutoRegressive network with eXogenous inputs (NARX), Random Forest (RF), and Least-Squares Gradient Boosting (LSBoost) provide high-resolution personalised stress predictions for the majority of analysed subjects. The proposed predictive models may be integrated as support to decision making into a Decision Support System (DSS) for online stress monitoring, with the main goal to design personalised stress management and alleviation strategies related to the inferred stress severity.
“More than an athlete”: How Black student-athletes use navigational capital to transition to life after sport

Using community cultural wealth as a framework, we explored the post-collegiate transitions of 20 Black student-athletes following the completion of their undergraduate career. We were particularly...
Community Detection-Based Feature Construction for Protein Sequence Classification

Machine learning algorithms are widely used to annotate biological sequences. Low-dimensional informative feature vectors can be crucial for the performance of the algorithms. In prior work, we have proposed the use of a community detection approach to construct low dimensional feature sets for nucleotide sequence classification. Our approach uses the Hamming distance between short nucleotide subsequences, called k-mers, to construct a network, and subsequently uses community detection to identify groups of k-mers that appear frequently in a set of sequences. While this approach worked well for nucleotide sequence classification, it could not be directly used for protein sequences, as the Hamming distance is not a good measure for comparing short protein k-mers. To address this limitation, we extend our prior approach by replacing the Hamming distance with substitution scores. Experimental results in different learning scenarios show that the features generated with the new approach are more informative than k-mers.
Robust H/sub /spl infin//1 control for standard discrete-time singularly perturbed systems

The state feedback H1 control problem for standard discrete-time singularly perturbed systems with polytopic uncertainties is considered. Two methods for designing H1 controllers are given in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities, where one of them is with the con- sideration of improving the upper bound of singular perturbation parameter e. Moreover, a method of evaluating the upper bound of singular perturbation parameter e with meeting a prescribed H1 performance bound requirement is also given. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effec- tiveness of the proposed methods.
Systems Biology: Constraint-based Reconstruction and Analysis

Recent technological advances have enabled comprehensive determination of the molecular composition of living cells. The chemical interactions between many of these molecules are known, giving rise to genome-scale reconstructed biochemical reaction networks underlying cellular functions. Mathematical descriptions of the totality of these chemical interactions lead to genome-scale models that allow the computation of physiological functions. Reflecting these recent developments, this textbook explains how such quantitative and computable genotype-phenotype relationships are built using a genome-wide basis of information about the gene portfolio of a target organism. It describes how biological knowledge is assembled to reconstruct biochemical reaction networks, the formulation of computational models of biological functions, and how these models can be used to address key biological questions and enable predictive biology. Developed through extensive classroom use, the book is designed to provide students with a solid conceptual framework and an invaluable set of modeling tools and computational approaches.
Tidal Influence on Spatial Dynamics of Leopard Sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California

We used ultrasonic telemetry to determine the movement directions and movement rates of leopard sharks, Triakis semifasciata, in Tomales Bay, California. To analyze tide and time of day effects, we surgically implanted transmitters in the peritoneal cavities of one male and five female leopard sharks, which we located during summer for three to five sampling sessions lasting 12 to 24 h each. All leopard sharks showed strong movement direction patterns with tide. During incoming tides, sharks moved significantly (p<0.0001) towards the inner bay, apparently to exploit the extensive inner bay muddy littoral zones' food resources. On outgoing tides, sharks showed significant (p<0.0001) movements towards the outer bay. During high tide, there was no discernible pattern to their movements (p=0.092). Shark movement rates were significantly (p<0.0001) greater during dark periods (mean±SE: 10.5±1.0 m min−1), compared with fully lighted ones (6.7±0.5 m min−1). Movement rates of longer sharks tended to be greater than those of shorter ones (range means±SE: 5.8±0.6 m min−1 for the 91 cm shark, to 12.8±1.6 m min−1 for the 119 cm shark), but the leopard sharks' overall mean movement rate (8.1±0.5 m min−1) was slower than other (more pelagic) sharks.
Complex Litigation: Class Actions

Commentary and analysis of the Supreme Court’s actions in Syngenta Crop Protection Inc. v. Henson (S. Ct. 2002), summarily decided three weeks after oral argument in the Supreme Court. The Syngenta appeal presented the Court with the important issue relating to removal of a state-based class action pursuant to the All Writs Act and the federal courts ability to protect nationwide class action settlements. The issue was whether the All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651, acts to caulk gaps in federal jurisdiction so as to permit removal of a state case to federal court to protect the integrity of a previously approved federal class action settlement. Alternatively, the Syngenta litigants asked the Court whether a doctrine of ancillary protective jurisdiction allows removal of a state case for the same purpose. The Court decided that the All Writs Act does not, alone or in combination with ancillary jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1367, furnish removal jurisdiction. Simply, the All Writs Act is not a substitute for § 1441’s requirement that federal courts have original jurisdiction over an action in order for it to be removed to federal court. The Court’s decision has arguably made it more difficult for federal class action supports to seek federal protection of approved class action settlements that subsequently are endangered by rear-guard state class actions. The article also discusses conflicting circuit court cases and authority dealing with the issue whether the All Writs Act provides an independent basis for federal subject matter jurisdiction supporting removal.
Efficient optical interconnect architecture for HPC and data center systems

Modern large-scale computer systems require interconnection networks that are both high-performance and energy efficient. Most large-scale systems are made from a large number of “nodes”, where each node has one or more computing elements and a block of main memory, and is connected to a network that interconnects all of the nodes. There are several factors influencing the evolution of systems that has lead to this configuration: (1) as these components are all based on consumer products, the costs have become very low, as compared to customized components, (2) many problems require very large amounts of main memory (for efficient execution), and the best way to have sufficient memory capacity is to use many smaller discrete blocks of memory, as opposed to one or a few large blocks of memory, and (3) this arrangement of distributed nodes offers opportunities for maximum levels of parallel computation.
Discovering collaborative cyber attack patterns using social network analysis

This paper investigates collaborative cyber attacks based on social network analysis. An Attack Social Graph (ASG) is defined to represent cyber attacks on the Internet. Features are extracted from ASGs to analyze collaborative patterns. We use principle component analysis to reduce the feature space, and hierarchical clustering to group attack sources that exhibit similar behavior. Experiments with real world data illustrate that our framework can effectively reduce from large dataset to clusters of attack sources exhibiting critical collaborative patterns.
Limitations of beam damage in electron spectroscopic tomography of embedded cells

Elemental mapping in the energy filtering transmission electron microscope (EFTEM) can be extended into three dimensions (3D) by acquiring a series of two-dimensional (2D) core-edge images from a specimen oriented over a range of tilt angles, and then reconstructing the volume using tomographic methods. EFTEM has been applied to imaging the distribution of biological molecules in 2D, e.g. nucleic acid and protein, in sections of plastic-embedded cells, but no systematic study has been undertaken to assess the extent to which beam damage limits the available information in 3D. To address this question, 2D elemental maps of phosphorus and nitrogen were acquired from unstained sections of plastic-embedded isolated mouse thymocytes. The variation in elemental composition, residual specimen mass and changes in the specimen morphology were measured as a function of electron dose. Whereas 40% of the total specimen mass was lost at doses above 10(6) e(-)/nm(2), no significant loss of phosphorus or nitrogen was observed for doses as high as 10(8) e(-)/nm(2). The oxygen content decreased from 25 + or - 2 to 9 + or - 2 atomic percent at an electron dose of 10(4) e(-)/nm(2), which accounted for a major component of the total mass loss. The specimen thickness decreased by 50% after a dose of 10(8) e(-)/nm(2), and a lateral shrinkage of 9.5 + or - 2.0% occurred from 2 x 10(4) to 10(8) e(-)/nm(2). At doses above 10(7) e(-)/nm(2), damage could be observed in the bright field as well in the core edge images, which is attributed to further loss of oxygen and carbon atoms. Despite these artefacts, electron tomograms obtained from high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted sections of C. elegans showed that it is feasible to obtain useful 3D phosphorus and nitrogen maps, and thus to reveal quantitative information about the subcellular distributions of nucleic acids and proteins.
A comparative molecular analysis of water‐filled limestone sinkholes in north‐eastern Mexico

Sistema Zacaton in north-eastern Mexico is host to several deep, water-filled, anoxic, karstic sinkholes (cenotes). These cenotes were explored, mapped, and geochemically and microbiologically sampled by the autonomous underwater vehicle deep phreatic thermal explorer (DEPTHX). The community structure of the filterable fraction of the water column and extensive microbial mats that coat the cenote walls was investigated by comparative analysis of small-subunit (SSU) 16S rRNA gene sequences. Full-length Sanger gene sequence analysis revealed novel microbial diversity that included three putative bacterial candidate phyla and three additional groups that showed high intra-clade distance with poorly characterized bacterial candidate phyla. Limited functional gene sequence analysis in these anoxic environments identified genes associated with methanogenesis, sulfate reduction and anaerobic ammonium oxidation. A directed, barcoded amplicon, multiplex pyrosequencing approach was employed to compare ∼100,000 bacterial SSU gene sequences from water column and wall microbial mat samples from five cenotes in Sistema Zacaton. A new, high-resolution sequence distribution profile (SDP) method identified changes in specific phylogenetic types (phylotypes) in microbial mats at varied depths; Mantel tests showed a correlation of the genetic distances between mat communities in two cenotes and the geographic location of each cenote. Community structure profiles from the water column of three neighbouring cenotes showed distinct variation; statistically significant differences in the concentration of geochemical constituents suggest that the variation observed in microbial communities between neighbouring cenotes are due to geochemical variation.
Mechanical and Organizational Innovation: The Drapers and the Automatic Loom

The Draper Company's commitment to research and development was unparalleled among other nineteenth-century American manufacturers in older industries. This innovative drive, coupled with a strategy of patent defense and control, carried the firm to the top of the cotton textile machine industry by the end of the century. The company's 1907 decision to follow a less innovative path seemed sensible in light of its secure position in a volatile market, but the costs in long-term competitive strength were high.
Context dependency of markers of disease

The study of markers that can be used to characterize a common disease such as asthma or its different phenotypic manifestations is fraught with complex conceptual and methodological problems. These problems need to be addressed before we can determine the value of any measurement as a potential marker of the disease process underlying the condition of interest.
Central retinal artery occlusion: visual outcome.

Purpose To investigate systematically the natural history of visual outcome in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Design Cohort study. Methods At entry, 244 consecutive patients (260 eyes) with CRAO (seen consecutively from 1973 to 2000) had a detailed ocular and medical history and ocular evaluation. CRAO eyes were classified into four categories: non-arteritic (NA) CRAO (171 eyes), NA-CRAO with cilioretinal artery sparing (35), transient NA-CRAO (41), and arteritic CRAO (13). Results Within 7 days of onset of CRAO, initial visual acuity differed among the four CRAO types (P Conclusions Classification of CRAO is crucial for understanding differences in visual outcome. Marked improvement in visual acuity and visual field can occur without treatment and is determined by several factors. Visual field information is essential to evaluate visual disability in CRAO.
The critical role of the central hydrophobic core (residues 71-77) of amyloid-forming αA66-80 peptide in α-crystallin aggregation: a systematic proline replacement study.

AbstractAge-related cataract formation is marked by the progressive aggregation of lens proteins. The formation of protein aggregates in the aging lens has been shown to correlate with the progressive accumulation of a range of post-translational crystallin modifications, including oxidation, deamidation, racemization, methylation, acetylation, N- and C-terminal truncations and low molecular weight (LMW) crystallin fragments. We found that an αA-crystallin-derived peptide, αA66-80 (1.8 kDa), is a prominent LMW peptide concentrated in water-insoluble fractions of the aging lens. The peptide has amyloid-like properties and preferentially insolubilizes α-crystallin from lens-soluble fractions. It binds at multiple sites and forms a hydrophobically driven non-covalent complex with α-crystallin to induce α-crystallin aggregation. To define the specific role of the αA66-80 peptide in age-related protein aggregation and cataract formation, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which this peptide acts. ...
A mechanism for the production of hydroxyl radical at surface defect sites on pyrite

Abstract A previous contribution from our laboratory reported the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) upon addition of pyrite (FeS2) to O2-free water. It was hypothesized that a reaction between adsorbed H2O and Fe(III), at a sulfur-deficient defect site, on the pyrite surface generates an adsorbed hydroxyl radical (OH•). ≡Fe(III) + H 2 O (ads) → ≡Fe(II) + OH • (ads) + H + The combination of two OH• then produces H2O2. In the present study, we show spectroscopic evidence consistent with the conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II) at defect sites, the origin of H2O2 from H2O, and the existence of OH• in solution. To demonstrate the iron conversion at the surface, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed. Using a novel mass spectrometry method, the production of H2O2 was evaluated. The aqueous concentration of OH• was measured using a standard radical scavenger method. The formation of OH• via the interaction of H2O with the pyrite surface is consistent with several observations in earlier studies and clarifies a fundamental step in the oxidation mechanism of pyrite.
Global optimization in generalized geometric programming

Abstract A deterministic global optimization algorithm is proposed for locating the global minimum of generalized geometric (signomial) problems (GGP). By utilizing an exponential variable transformation the initial nonconvex problem (GGP) is reduced to a (DC) programming problem where both the constraints and the objective are decomposed into the difference of two convex functions. A convex relaxation of problem (DC) is then obtained based on the linear lower bounding of the concave parts of the objective function and constraints inside some box region. The proposed branch and bound type algorithm attains finite ϵ-convergence to the global minimum through the successive refinement of a convex relaxation of the feasible region and/or of the objective function and the subsequent solution of a series of nonlinear convex optimization problems. The efficiency of the proposed approach is enhanced by eliminating variables through monotonicity analysis, by maintaining tightly bound variables through rescaling, by further improving the supplied variable bounds through convex minimization, and finally by transforming each inequality constraint so as the concave part lower bounding is as tight as possible. The proposed approach is illustrated with a large number of test examples and robust stability analysis problems.
Video-assisted mitral valve operations.

Background Video-assisted endoscopy has been applied frequently in the management of a variety of surgical diseases. However, it has rarely been applied in mitral valve surgery. Methods We report 2 patients who received emergency operations for thrombosis of a mitral prosthesis (patient 1, a 68-year-old man) and acute mitral regurgitation due to rupture of anterior chordae (patient 2, a 75-year-old woman). They both had severe congestive heart failure. Cardiogenic shock was noted in patient 2. The mitral valve was approached through a right anterior minithoracotomy with the aid of an endoscope by means of projected images on the video monitor under femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass. The aorta was not cross-clamped, and the myocardium was protected by continuous coronary perfusion with hypothermic fibrillatory arrest. The left atrium was entered posterior to the interatrial groove. Thrombectomy and mitral valve repair were performed successfully. Results The duration of extracorporeal circulation was 204 and 147 minutes, respectively. Both patients recovered from the operation rapidly with uneventful postoperative courses. Conclusions Our preliminary results suggest that video-assisted endoscopic cardiac surgery is technically feasible and could be performed in the milieu of open heart surgery.
Predicting the activity of the natural phytotoxic diphenyl ether cyperine using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) is the target site of a large number of commercial herbicides. Previous QSARs performed at a two-dimensional level reproduced the activity of individual data sets relatively well, but these models could not be used to predict the activity of structurally related derivatives. We have developed a more reliable model by applying three-dimensional molecular techniques to a set of 31 phenyl ether analogues. Inhibitory activity at the molecular site of action was chosen because it circumvents the effects of uptake, translocation and metabolism of the compounds occurring in whole-plant studies. Increased predictability was achieved by aligning the diphenyl ether analogues along the trifluoromethyl phenyl (q 2 =0.70) ring rather than along the nitrophenyl (q 2 =0.65) ring or along the centroids (q 2 =0.69). This new analysis differentiated between R and S enantiomers and allowed the prediction of the inhibitory activity of the natural diphenyl ether cyperine. The prediction model suggests that the binding of cyperine on the active site of Protox is stereospecific.
Prevalence of patch test results from 1970 to 2002 in a multi-centre population in North America (NACDG).

Background: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) has members who assess subjects with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and patch tests them with the same screening allergens using a standardized procedure permitting analysis of long-term trends in patch test reactions. Objective: This study reports the trends in prevalence patch test positivity of allergens by pooling data collected by the NACDG between 1970 and 2002. Patients/Methods: Patients were tested with the screening series of allergens, using a standardized technique. Data from these patients were recorded on a standard computer entry form and analysed. More than 100 allergens were tested on over 34 000 patients during several patch studies between the period. The Cochran-Armitage test of trend is used to evaluate changes in prevalence over time. Results: 4 trends are noticed: (1) The incidence of presumed allergic nickel (P < 0.0001) and quaternium-15 (P < 0.0001) reactions rose with consistency over the years. (2) While that of cinnamic aldehyde (P = 0.21) and p-phenylenediamine (P < 0.0001) decreased. (3) The prevalence of positive reactions for potassium dichromate (P < 0.0001) shows an initial steady decrease but then a sharp increase starting from the 1996 period. (4) In contrast, thiuram (P = 0.0008) and neomycin (P < 0.0001) show an initial general increase, with a sharp decrease between 1998 and 2002. Conclusion: Implications for opportunities to prevent ACD by utilizing less-allergenic alternatives appear robust; however, we do not wish to over generalize interpretations because of important limitations.
Efficiency of quantum energy teleportation within spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$12 particle pairs

A protocol for quantum energy teleportation (QET) is known for a so-called minimal spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$12 particle pair model. We extend this protocol to explicitly admit quantum weak measurements at its first stage. The extended protocol is applied beyond the minimal model to spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$12 particle pairs whose Hamiltonians are of a general class characterized by orthogonal pairs of entangled eigenstates. The energy transfer efficiency of the extended QET protocol is derived for this setting, and we show that weaker measurement yields greater efficiency. In the minimal particle pair model, for example, the efficiency can be doubled by this means. We also show that the QET protocol's transfer efficiency never exceeds 100 %, supporting the understanding that quantum energy teleportation is, indeed, an energy transfer protocol, rather than a protocol for remotely catalyzing local extraction of system energy already present.
Cryotolerance of enzymes. I. Freezing of lactic dehydrogenase.

Summary o 1. The effects of rates of cooling, concentrations of enzyme, additions of bovine serum albumin, supercooling, and times at the freezing plateau, alone and in combination, on the activities of frozen and thawed solutions of crystalline lactic dehydrogenase were determined. The effects of rates (temperatures) of thawing of frozen solutions and multiple cycles of freezing and thawing were studied also. 2. In general the retentions of activity were highest in solutions: a) frozen slowly, b) with high concentrations of enzyme, c) with added protein, and d) with increased periods of time at the freezing plateau. 3. The effects of rates of cooling were uncertain unless characterized in relation to concentrations of enzyme and rates of thawing. 4. The equations describing thermal denaturation of enzymes appear to be applicable directly to the cryodenaturation of lactic dehydrogenase. 5. The losses in activity following multiple cycles of freezing and thawing were highest in solutions of low concentration of enzyme, lowest in solutions of high concentration of enzyme, and intermediate in solutions of low concentration of enzyme plus added bovine serum albumin.
The Scattering of Light by Light

Cross sections for several processes involving electromagnetic fields in a nonlinear manner are derived from the electrodynamic scattering matrix and are expressed in terms of the fourth-order nonlinear vacuum polarization tensor. The differential cross section for the scattering of light by light is calculated as a function of energy and angle. Numerical values are given for scattering at zero and at ninety degrees in the center-of-mass system. Near 1.75 Mev the forward scattering cross section has its largest value of 4.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sterad, while the maximum right-angle scattering takes place near 0.7 Mev with a cross section of 2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}31}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sterad, all for unpolarized radiation. Numerical results are also given for scattering at the above angles between circularly polarized states. The conclusions in this paper agree with all the results previously calculated for special cases.
Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa in Primary Care Settings

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal eating behaviors that results in weight loss and has serious potential medical consequences. Most of these complications are readily treatable if diagnosed and attended to early in the course of the illness. In caring for patients with anorexia nervosa, the primary care physician has several critical roles. Because patients deny the severity of their illness, they delay seeking psychiatric treatment. The primary care physician must be skilled in recognizing this disorder, as well as in diagnosing and effectively treating the medical complications while educating the patient about them. The primary care physician is also involved with arranging and coordinating a comprehensive and multidisciplinary program, including dietary and mental health treatment. The multidisciplinary team is responsible for ensuring safe weight restoration and a judicious refeeding treatment plan. In addition to establishing the diagnosis and treating the multiple medical complications associated with anorexia nervosa, the primary care physician plays a central role in maintaining continuity of care despite the fact that successful care may require a variety of treatment settings. Factors that foster good prognoses for this increasingly common and often protracted eating disorder include early diagnosis and skilled medical intervention to prevent the inexorable physical decline that marked weight loss can cause.
Scaling and root-planing (SRP) may improve glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes (DM2) in a specific subgroup: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Article title and bibliographic information Effectiveness of periodontal treatment to improve metabolic control in patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes: A meta-Analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sgolastra F, Severino M, Pietropaoli D, Gatto R, Monaco A. 1 J Periodontol 84(7):958-73 Reviewer Sok-Ja Janket, DDS, MS, DMD, MPH Purpose/Question Do scaling and root-planing (SRP) improve hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and lipid profiles among patients with CP and DM2? Source of funding Not reported. Type of study/Design Systematic review with meta-analysis Level of evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of the recommendation grade Grade B: Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence
Geochemistry of Hydric Soil Salinity in a Recharge-Throughflow-Discharge Prairie-Pothole Wetland System

The saturation-paste extract (SPE) chemistry of samples collected in the wet-meadow and shallow-marsh zones of seven North Dakota wetlands was related to SPE electrical conductivity to investigate the development of hydric-soil salinity. Study wetlands represent a local, depression-focused groundwater-flow system. Recharge wetlands recharge the groundwater whereas discharge wetlands receive the majority of their water as groundwater discharge. Throughflow wetlands receive water from as well as yield water to the system. Development of soil salinity generally followed the Hardie and Eugster model of closed-basin brine evolution, which considers the composition of solutions undergoing evaporation to be the result of chemical changes imposed by the successive formation of evaporite minerals. Hydric soils of recharge wetlands were nonsaline and free of calcite (CaCO3) and gypsum (CaSO42H2O). The chemistry of these soils results from evapotranspiration, recharge hydrology, ionic mobility, and exchange relationships. Increases in SPE Mg, Na, and dominance in more saline throughflow and discharge wetlands are caused by calcite and gypsum precipitation, with the former controlling alkalinity and the latter Ca concentrations. At high salinities produced by concentration through freezing, mirabilite (Na2SO410H2O) crystallizes and controls Na levels, resulting in hypersaline solutions enriched in Mg and Additional variation in the patterns of salinity development can be explained by dominance of recharge over discharge, mixing with fresh or chemically discrete water, and valence dilution effects. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 5 then click button8
Factors impacting injury documentation after sexual assault: role of examiner experience and gender.

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to determine whether physician gender or level of experience is associated with the prevalence of trauma documented in victims after sexual assault. Study design All female patients 15 years or older reporting to an urban hospital with a complaint of sexual assault between January 1997 and September 1999 underwent a standardized history and physical examination by a second- or third-year resident in obstetrics and gynecology. Data were abstracted and verified. A χ2 or Fisher exact test was used for categoric analysis. Results The overall prevalence of genital trauma was 21% in the 662 patients available for analysis. The prevalence of genital trauma documented by second- and third-year residents was 50 of 191 patients (26.2%) and 90 of 471 patients (19.1%), respectively (P = .04), despite similar assault characteristics between the 2 groups. The prevalence of genital trauma documented by male examiners (105/499 [21.0%]) and female examiners (35/160 [21.9%]) did not differ (P = .8). All examiners documented a similar prevalence of body trauma (52%). Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis that the examiner's experience level may influence the prevalence of genital trauma documented after a sexual assault. Genital trauma documented was not associated with examiner gender in this study.
Rare earth doped intrinsic fiber optic sensors for high temperature measurement up to 1100°C

In this work simple characterizations of the decay-time behaviour of both Nd and Er doped fiber intrinsic fluorescence-based sensors are presented, over a wide range covering the requirements of a number of potential applications in sensing in the aerospace and the electricity industries, for example.
New insights for drug design from the X-ray crystallographic structures of G-protein-coupled receptors.

Methodological advances in X-ray crystallography have made possible the recent solution of X-ray structures of pharmaceutically important G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including receptors for biogenic amines, peptides, a nucleoside, and a sphingolipid. These high-resolution structures have greatly increased our understanding of ligand recognition and receptor activation. Conformational changes associated with activation common to several receptors entail outward movements of the intracellular side of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) and movements of TM5 toward TM6. Movements associated with specific agonists or receptors have also been described [e.g., extracellular loop (EL) 3 in the A2A adenosine receptor]. The binding sites of different receptors partly overlap but differ significantly in ligand orientation, depth, and breadth of contact areas in TM regions and the involvement of the ELs. A current challenge is how to use this structural information for the rational design of novel potent and selective ligands. For example, new chemotypes were discovered as antagonists of various GPCRs by subjecting chemical libraries to in silico docking in the X-ray structures. The vast majority of GPCR structures and their ligand complexes are still unsolved, and no structures are known outside of family A GPCRs. Molecular modeling, informed by supporting information from site-directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationships, has been validated as a useful tool to extend structural insights to related GPCRs and to analyze docking of other ligands in already crystallized GPCRs.
Resources for Archives: Developing Collections, Constituents, Colleagues, and Capital

The essential element for archival success is to be found in the quality of management decisions made and public services provided. Archivists can develop first-class archives operations through understanding the organizational context; planning; hiring, retaining, and developing staff; meeting archival standards for storage and access; and creating a professional environment that is also welcoming to patrons. Once a strong base is created, raising funds is easier. Effective techniques include private fund-raising and networking with friends and family of donors, not taking “no” for an answer or feeling guilty for asking, grant writing, and promotion of archives and collections.
An adaptive array for interference rejection

An adaptive array that rejects undesired or interfering signals is presented. The array pattern is controlled by an adaptive feedback system based on a steepest descent minimization of mean-square error. Error is defined as the difference between the array output and a locally generated reference signal. Minimization of mean-square error is closely related to maximization of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A two-element adaptive array has been built, and its experimental performance is discussed. Typical patterns for various desired and interfering signals are shown, as well as measured transient response. Finally, some experiments showing the array behavior with modulated signals are described. The results show that such an antenna system is capable of automatically rejecting interfering signals, subject only to certain basic constraints. No a priori information about the angles of arrival of the signals is required, Detailed knowledge of the waveforms of the desired and interfering signals is also not needed, although the spectral characteristics of the desired signal must be known.
Analysis and design of cable structure S

Abstract As a class, suspension structures are generally more flexible than framed or trussed structures. A consequency of this flexibility is that factors often need be considered when engineering cable structures which may be neglected when designing more conventional structural systems. Among these factors are: difficulties associated with mathematically defining the suspension structure's initial shape and the member forces corresponding to that state, the nonlinear relationship between changes of loading and displacement, and the susceptibility of some types of cable structures to wind-induced oscillations. In the paper, cable structures are classified and examples of some types are illustrated together with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. The problem of establishing the initial shape of the structure is discussed. Some techniques for computing the displacements of suspension structures resulting from changes in static loading, considering the geometrical nonlinearity, are described. A procedure for determining the displacements of stiffened and unstiffened cable three-dimensional structures is outlined that is suitable for computer solution. Results of numerical studies made utilizing this technique are presented.
Introducing XBRL through a financial statement analysis project

Abstract In this project, we introduce business and accounting students to the application of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) through the use of interactive data. Students study the basic concepts and potential benefits of interactive data and XBRL. Students learn to extract the financial reports of two companies in the same industry. Then, using traditional financial analysis techniques (ratio analysis) students can compare the performance of these companies. Thus, the project accomplishes two important objectives: it introduces students to the benefits and features of XBRL-tagged financial reporting and interactive data, and it shows how this medium can be used to facilitate the analysis of financial statements. The project uses free, publicly available interactive data tools to accomplish these objectives. This project is appropriate for any level of financial accounting course in which students use public company financial statements to generate financial ratios and conduct analysis on them. We aim the project at MBA-type introductory accounting courses. In addition, we show how it can easily be expanded to be applied to higher level financial statement analysis courses, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The project provides some background into how XBRL-tagged financial reporting is generated, while the main focus is on application of interactive data and not the technology itself. Since XBRL is now mandated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for most reporting entities, it is critical for today’s business students to be familiar with this method of communicating financial information.
New processing elements: Max and sum_max with applications

Abstract Conventional neurons (or processing elements) perform the weighted summation. However, due to the limitations of this kind of neurons, it is difficult to use neural networks to attack the problems related to dynamic programming. In this paper, two new processing elements are designed to make the applications of neural networks more extensive. The proposed computing element, max, accepts multiple weighted inputs and produces dual outputs, which is derived from the modification of CTMAXNET (W.K. Chou, D.Y.Y, Yun, A constant-time neural network for multiple selection of extreme values, Journal of Information Science and Engineering 9 (1993) 445–459 [3] ). The processing element, sum_max, is the combination of the weighted-summation neuron and max and can support more powerful operations. Both elements have been used to integrate a massively parallel architecture to perform the Viterbi algorithm (or the decoding problem in the hidden Markov model), which can reduce the time complexity of Viterbi algorithms from O(N2T) to O(T), as shown in this paper, where N is the number of states and T is the length of the observation sequence.
Tolerance regions for random vectors and best linear predictors

In the case that vectors X and Y have a joint multivariate normal distribution, tolerance regions are found for the best linear predictor of Y using X if samples are used to estimate the regression coeffierante. Tolerance regions are also found for Y. In addition, simultaneous tolerance intervals for all linear functions of Y or of the best linear predictor of Y using X are found.
Measuring ATM video quality of service using an objective picture quality model

End-to-end quality of service for real-time video delivery over ATM networks depends on both video coding and network performance. Historical measures of QoS for data services have involved packet delivery parameters such as cell loss and delay, but these are not directly representative of a user's perception of the delivered video quality. To this end, this paper describes the use of a video quality measurement scheme that employs a human vision based picture quality model to objectively estimate end-user video quality. We present results to demonstrate that the video quality analysis based approach can be used to determine performance characteristics for distribution-quality video coding parameters over ATM networks.