cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generic Concepts in the Pythiaceae and Blastocladiaceae

In a recent paper bearing the title "A New Genus of Water Mold Related to Blastocladia " the above genus is described as new by Coker & Grant.' The authors base the genus on a single species, S. dichotoma n. sp., which differs from the members of Blastocladia strikingly in that its thallus is normally and regularly septate. The species is compared with the four species of Blastocladia described by v. Minden in his treatment of the Blastocladiaceae in Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg,2 and a detailed description and figures are given. Unfortunately, several papers of importance in this connection have been overlooked. Butler 3 and Barrett,4 working independently, published almost simultaneously descriptions of two species which are clearly congeneric with that described by Coker & Grant. Butler called attention to the septate character of the thallus and founded the genus Allomyces to include his species which he named A. arbuscula n. sp. Barrett, approaching the study of his species from the cytological point of view, studied material both in toto and in paraffin section, and was able to demonstrate that the septa are merely perforated pseudo septa comparable to those of the Leptomitaceae. He was content to widen the limits of the genus Blastocladia to include his species which he named B. strangulata n. sp. Four years later v. Minden 5 incorporated the species in the genus
Mechanoactivation of Spiropyran Covalently Linked PMMA: Effect of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Deformation Mode

Polymer multifunctionality can be designed through the incorporation of chemical groups termed “mechanophores” that have a specific chemical transformation in response to applied force. The behavior of mechanophore-linked polymers depends on synthetic factors such as the choice of the mechanophore, the polymer chemistry, and the mechanophore linking architecture and on externally imposed factors such as temperature, loading mode, and loading rate. While many papers have explored changing polymer architecture, relatively few have systematically looked at these external factors, particularly temperature and loading mode. These external factors are critical for practical application of mechanophore-linked polymers, particularly for damage detection in engineering materials. Here, we use a single synthetic system to quantify the influence of these externally imposed factors. In particular, the mechanophore spiropyran (SP) is covalently bonded into lightly cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). SP is a...
A Study on Strengthening Effect by AR-M-AR powder for Urea Formaldehyde Resin

The effect of adding AR-M-AR powder to Urea Formaldehyde resins (UF) was investigated' The addition of a novo1ac type AR -M -AR powder made from methylolated melamine and alkylresorcinol could bing a considerable improvement in bonding properties of UF plywood,in water resistance,and the emission of formaldehyde from UF plywood while,the addition of the AR-M-AR powder to some strongacid catalyzed resins,the bonding strength was decreased.
30 MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES, THEIR ENDOGENOUS INHIBITOR AND APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT REDUCTION ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: A COMPARISON OF HUMAN SERUM AND RADIOGRAPHIC MARKERS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

Background Human matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been studied as a biomarker in acute stroke injury and as a potential target of therapy. MMP-9 is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that participates in extracellular matrix remodeling, and is a major mediator of t-PA-related adverse outcome and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption in animal models of focal ischemia and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In vitro findings also suggest that exogenous MMP-9 inhibition may improve cerebral ischemic tissue outcome. Reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been utilized as a quantitative radiologic marker of acute cerebral ischemic injury. Using non-invasive quantitative MRI techniques, we wish to validate MMP as a potential surrogate marker of cerebral injury in humans, by investigating the relationship between MMP-9, its endogenous inhibitor TIMP-1, and the extent of cerebral ischemic injury as measured by early ADC reduction. Method In 36 patients with acute ischemic stroke, plasma levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured at mean 6 hr post stroke. DWI was obtained at mean 8 hr post stroke. Within each lesion, we calculated the percent of voxels showing ADC reduction at or below each of 8 incremental thresholds, at intervals of 90 × 10-6 mm2/s, from 185 × 10-6 to 825 × 10-6 mm2/s. Result Acute TIMP-1 level was inversely correlated to the percent of voxels with ADC reduction at or below the lowest threshold, 185 × 10-6 mm2/s (r = -0.41, p Conclusion While MMP-9 is positively correlated, TIMP-1 is inversely related to MR evidence of cerebral injury. Although preliminary, these findings lend support to the hypothesis that TIMP-1 may be protective, whereas MMP-9 may be associated with the extent of stunned acute ischemic cerebral tissue. Early exogenous blockade of MMP-9 may improve the outcome of ischemic brain tissue. However, these hypotheses need confirmation with a larger cohort of patients, and correlation with clinical outcomes, such as hemorrhagic transformation, which also has a threshold effect on ADC reduction.
The management of complications in head and neck surgery.

Most fatalities directly related to operative procedures in the head and neck region occur from airway obstruction or exsanguinating hemorrhage. Other complications can be avoided by careful attention to anatomic structures, allowing definitive decision as to transection of nerves, avoidance of lymph fistulas, and proper cancer ablative procedures. Preoperative consideration of functional problems permits control and reconstruction to minimize postoperative dysphagia, drooling, and cosmetic deformities.
A novel gridded solar air heater and an investigation of its conversion efficiency

Abstract A new design of a cost-effective single pass gridded solar air heater (SAH) is presented featuring the optimization of flow resistance, mass flow rate, and efficiency. The SAH uses six layers of blackened aluminum grids as an absorber. The ensemble of six grids are corrugated in a triangular fashion such that the air has to traverse the six grids 16 times on one passage through the SAH. A special distribution manifold is used to achieve a relatively uniform flow profile across the width of the collector. Our investigation particularly studies the effect of mass flow rate on the output efficiency. We found that the conversion efficiency of our SAH approaches 80% as the mass flow rate is increased to m ≈ 0.06 kg / s . The increased efficiency can be attributed to reduced conductive, radiative, and convective losses at the higher mass flow rates. The experimental data confirms the theoretical prediction of the SAH’s efficiency as a function of mass flow rate. Our findings have important implications for studies of matrix absorber SAHs, packed bed SAHs, and passive SAHs.
Correlation of H Adsorption Energy and Nanoscale Elastic Surface Strain on Rutile TiO2(110)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to obtain the aerial distribution of bridge-bonded hydroxyl groups (HOb) on a rutile TiO2(110) surface, modified with a well-defined nanoscale strain field. Our study makes use of earlier findings that 5–30 nm wide locally strained areas of the surface can be formed via low-energy Ar-ion bombardment combined with a thermal treatment. These strained areas appear as protrusions in the STM images, resulting from subsurface argon-filled cavities. Our STM images show that the local surface concentration of OHb groups is lower on the protrusions. This lowering of concentration has been interpreted as a reduction in the local H absorption energy, ΔE, a result similar to that observed on metals. In this paper, analysis of the reduction in this O–H bond energy across the surface shows a strong correlation between ΔEOH and the characteristic surface strain value, S. The ΔEOH values have been calculated through a subtraction of the contribution of the repulsive dipol...
Toward More Reliable Measurements of Electron-Transfer Kinetics at Nanoelectrodes: Next Approximation

Steady-state voltammetry at nanoelectrodes and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) have recently been used to measure kinetics of several rapid heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) reactions. One problem with those experiments was that the dependence of the shape of the steady-state voltammogram on kinetic parameters becomes weak when the reaction rate approaches the diffusion limit. The possibility to fit the same experimental voltammogram using different combinations of the standard rate constant, transfer coefficient, and standard potential results in significant uncertainties in extracted parameter values. In this article, the reliability of the kinetic analysis was improved by obtaining steady-state voltammograms with both oxidized and reduced forms of redox species initially present in solution. Additional improvements were attained by characterizing the nanoelectrode geometry with the atomic force microscope and using water with a very low level of organic contaminants (TOC ≤ 1 ppb). This ap...
La inobservancia al deber de colaboración del acreedor en el derecho chileno: un caso de incumplimiento contractual

espanolEs usual que las partes de un contrato deban cooperar para que las obligaciones puedan ser cumplidas. En este trabajo postulamos que un analisis tecnico adecuado, supone reconocer que la colaboracion del acreedor se erige como un deber secundario o funcional de conducta al interior del contrato, cuya inobservancia constituye un incumplimiento contractual, permitiendo a la contraparte el ejercicio de los remedios contractuales que le franquea la ley. EnglishIt is common for parties to a contract must cooperate so that the obligations can be met. In this paper we postulate that proper technical analysis, means recognizing that cooperation creditor stands as a secondary or functional duty of conduct within the contract, breach of which constitutes a breach of contract, allowing the counterparty exercise of contractual remedies.
Early Childhood Education: The Long-Term Benefits

This study was designed to substantiate the positive, long-term outcomes demonstrated by children from economically disadvantaged homes who received a high-quality, early education. Children who at...
The “Greatest Problem”: Religion and State Formation in Meiji Japan. By Trent E. Maxey. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2014. Pp. xiii, 330. $49.95.)

With its focus on the turbulent years surrounding Japan's Meiji Restoration of 1868, this erudite book is a welcome addition to a field currently dominated by studies of the twentieth century. Auth...
Women's Status and Marital Satisfaction in Bolivia

A critical debate in the literature recently has centered on women’s autonomy, and particularly its effects on the marital unit and the family functions. This study uses information gathered from 8...
A Numerical Approach to System Model Identification of Random Vibration Test

A closed-loop random vibration test is a common test used to qualify systems that will be submitted to similar vibration loads during their life. Numerical modeling of this type of test is an important tool to provide insight about the robustness and success of the tests. In this paper the response of an electro-dynamic shaker will be modeled and validated with experimental data.
Model Neurons of Bifurcation Type 1

For a model neuron, there is typically a critical value I c with the property that for I I c , as long as I is not too high.
Control and Monitoring of Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract The semiconductor industry is going through a technology transition from 200mm to 300mm wafers to improve manufacturing efficiency and reduce manufacturing cost per chip. These technological changes present a unique opportunity to optimally design the process control systems for the next generation fabs. In this paper we first propose a hierarchical fab-wide control framework with the integration of 300mm equipment and metrology tools and highly automated material handling system. Relevant existing run-to-run technology is reviewed and analyzed in the fab-wide control context, process and metrology data monitoring are discussed with an example, and missing components are pointed out as opportunities for future research and development. Concluding remarks are given at the end of the paper.
Synthesizing highly expressive SQL queries from input-output examples

SQL is the de facto language for manipulating relational data. Though powerful, many users find it difficult to write SQL queries due to highly expressive constructs. While using the programming-by-example paradigm to help users write SQL queries is an attractive proposition, as evidenced by online help forums such as Stack Overflow, developing techniques for synthesizing SQL queries from given input-output (I/O) examples has been difficult, due to the large space of SQL queries as a result of its rich set of operators. In this paper, we present a new scalable and efficient algorithm for synthesizing SQL queries based on I/O examples. The key innovation of our algorithm is development of a language for abstract queries, i.e., queries with uninstantiated operators, that can be used to express a large space of SQL queries efficiently. Using abstract queries to represent the search space nicely decomposes the synthesis problem into two tasks: 1) searching for abstract queries that can potentially satisfy the given I/O examples, and 2) instantiating the found abstract queries and ranking the results. We have implemented this algorithm in a new tool called Scythe and evaluated it using 193 benchmarks collected from Stack Overflow. Our evaluation shows that Scythe can efficiently solve 74% of the benchmarks, most in just a few seconds, and the queries range from simple ones involving a single selection to complex queries with 6 nested subqueires.
Abstract 252: Resveratrol and pterostibene selectively chemosensitize Burkitt’s lymphoma cells to 5-Fluorouracil

In the current study, we assess the chemosensitization activity of the naturally occurring polyphenols resveratrol (RES) and pterostilbene (PTER) to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in Burkitt’s B-cell lymphoma. RES is a stilbenoid compound found in a variety of fruits, plants, and nuts. In addition to antioxidant and anti-aging properties, RES has been shown to exhibit significant anti-tumor activity against a variety of malignancies. Since the compound is typically protective of normal cells, its anti-cancer activity makes it a promising candidate as both a chemopreventative nutritional supplement and a chemotherapeutic agent. PTER, an analog of RES, has likewise shown anti-cancer activity. Its therapeutic potential, however, is much less understood. Recent studies have investigated the use of these and other natural compounds in adjuvant chemotherapy strategies, many of which continue to produce underwhelming rates of response. Here, we investigate the chemosensitization capacity of both RES and PTER to 5-FU, a commonly used drug in chemotherapy, in healthy lymphocytes and in Burkitt’s B-cell lymphoma (Raji) cells. MTS assays are used to measure the viability of malignant and normal lymphocytes after 5-FU treatment with or without co-incubation of RES, PTER, or RES/PTER combinations. We find that Raji co-incubation with physiologically relevant concentrations ( Citation Format: Connor J. Peck, Michelle H. Townsend, Kim L. O9Neill. Resveratrol and pterostibene selectively chemosensitize Burkitt’s lymphoma cells to 5-Fluorouracil [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 252. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-252
A Multi-Systems Life Course Perspective of Economic Abuse

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women slowly moved out of the private sphere and into the public realm in the United States in the early 1970’s. While progress has been made regarding psychological, physical, and sexual trauma related to IPV, it has been only in the last decade that attention about IPV has included an examination of the impact of economic abuse (EA). This is disturbing given that EA is one of the eight spokes on the Power and Control wheel (PCW) and many women state that they are not able to leave or get away from the abusive relationship due to financial reasons. Using a multi-systems life course (MSLC) perspective, this paper considers the importance of elevating EA as a form of IPV-related trauma. We examine EA’s differential impact among women, review current practices and policies, and conclude with implications for micro, mezzo, and macro levels of trauma-informed practice with survivors of EA.
Percutaneous absorption of benzoic acid across human skin. II. Prediction of an in vivo, skin-flap system using in vitro parameters.

The possibility of predicting the behavior of in vivo systems based on physical and chemical parameters determined by in vitro experiments is examined using benzoic acid. The physical and chemical parameters governing percutaneous absorption of benzoic acid—permeability, partition coefficient, and skin thickness—were determined by in vitro experiments as described in Ref. 1. These parameters were used, in combination with benzoic acid elimination kinetics, to predict the results of in vivo experiments using a comprehensive mathematical model. The in vivo system consists of a congenitally athymic (nude) rat with a surgically constructed human skin sandwich (HSSF) flap on which a donor cell is placed. To apply the in vitro parameters to an in vivo system requires a suitable pharmacokinetic model describing distribution and elimination for benzoic acid in the nude rat. Blood concentrations of benzoic acid following a bolus intravenous injection are closely described by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model with elimination occurring from only one compartment. The mathematical model of the rat-donor cell system combines this two-compartment model of the rat with a percutaneous absorption model to provide useful estimates of the measured in vivo blood levels. Comparisons of predicted and measured results suggest that the parameters determined by in vitro experimentation can be used to predict the behavior of complex in vivo systems, if a suitable mathematical model is available.
Fuzzy Controllers: An Integrated Approach Based on Fuzzy Logic, Rough Sets, and Evolutionary Computing

There are two approaches to control theory. One is the classical hard computing approach. Its modern theory is based on differential geometry and topology. Another is fuzzy logic, a soft computing approach. Taking the views of both hard and soft computing, an integrated approach is proposed. The mathematical formalism for such an integrated structure is called the rough logic government. Intuitively, fuzzylogic is viewed as a methodology of constructing functions by a grand scale interpolation guided by qualitative information. Model theory of rough logic system is used to formalized the design of classical fuzzy logic controllers. The design is formulated as a sequence of transformations of mathematical models of a control system. It starts from a symbolic model that consists of predicates or propositions in rough logic. Such a model is referred to as a theory in formal logic. By experts’ suggestion, called fuzzificaton, t he symbolic model can be transformed into a fuzzy model that usually consists of rules of fuzzy sets (membership functions). In formal logic, such a transformation is called an interpretation of the theory. Of course, interpretations are usually not unique. The collection of all such interpretations is a highly structured set of membership functions; it is called a fibre space by differential geometers and topologists. Using one of the usual inference methods, the cross-sections of the fibre space is transformed into a “virtual” space of trajectories or integral submanifold of a differentiable manifold. Conceptually, some of these “virtual” trajectories or integral submanifolds should correspond to some solutions of the system equations of a classical dynamic system. By veification and validation, part of the “virtual” space solidifies into a “real” space of trajectories or integral submanifolds of a differentiable manifold. These “real” trajectories or integral submanifolds are solutions of the system equations of a classical dynamic system; of course, in fuzzy logic design, these equations are usually not explicitly constructed. Several new applications are identified, most notably one is the stability problem.
Heat capacity in superconducting and normal-state LaS/sub x/ (1. 333< or =x< or =1. 500) compounds

The low-temperature heat capacity of the superconducting ${\mathrm{LaS}}_{x}$ ($1.333l~xl~1.500$) compounds with the ${\mathrm{Th}}_{3}$${\mathrm{P}}_{4}$-type structure were measured from 1.3 to 20.0 K in magnetic fields of 0, 2.50, 5.39, 7.62, and 9.98 T. The compositional variation of the electronic specific-heat parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the Debye temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{D}$ in $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}$ are discussed in connection with the electric properties of these alloys. The results also show that the $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}$ alloys near $x=1.333$ are strong-coupling type-II superconductors having large values of the electron-phonon coupling constant values, $\ensuremath{\lambda}=0.71$, and upper critical field values of ${H}_{c2}(0)$, e.g., 16.2 T for ${\mathrm{LaS}}_{1.366}$. The ${\mathrm{LaS}}_{1.346}$ and ${\mathrm{LaS}}_{1.355}$ alloys undergo a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition at 85 and 55 K, respectively. The former composition has the intrinsic coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ of 158 \AA{}, which gives a large value for the intrinsic Ginzburg-Landau parameter, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{0}=11$. However, this tetragonal phase, which forms only in the narrow composition region of $1.333l~xl~1.362$, has a lower $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ value than the cubic-phase alloys with $x\ensuremath{\simeq}1.37$. Furthermore, the superconducting transition temperatures of $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{S}}_{x}$ compounds hardly have any compositional variation for $xl~1.36$. Finally, there is a large drop in ${H}_{c2}(0)$ from 16.2 T for the cubic phase at $x$ = 1.366 to 9.7 T for the tetragonal phase at $x=1.346$. This study also clearly illustrates that lattice instability is an important factor governing the superconducting behavior of these alloys, but the best superconducting properties are found in the stable phase (bcc) just before it becomes unstable, rather than in the phase which actually undergoes the transformation.
What can the Epistemologists Learn from the Endocrinologists? Or is the Philosophy of Medicine Based on a Mistake?

The thesis of this paper is that philosophy needs to do an internship in medicine in order adequately to pursue one of its own central tasks, namely, epistemology or the theory of knowledge; and further, that the proper pursuit of the philosophy of medicine is a critical reflection on the theory and practice of medicine, and not the bringing of philosophically ready-made concepts to the rude precincts of the barbarian medical mind. Note that my point here is not that philosophers need to study medicine in order to do epistemology of medicine—that’s obvious and needs no argument—but rather, in order to do epistemology in general. I begin from the premise that medicine is one of a set of fundamental, cognitive practices [2]—like law, the arts, the sciences, the various technologies of production—that, with the advent of tool making, pictorial representation, and language, have historically shaped the human mind, literally brought it into being as an emergent and evolving historical artifact constituted by these practices, or as the Germans say, in und durch (“in and through”) such practices themselves. Medicine thus constitutes one of the basic and earliest forms of human knowledge, sharing with the other forms certain features and constraints having to do with human learning and the development of skills. Yet it is, at the same time, a distinctive mode, different in its aims and practices from other ways of knowing. Medicine therefore has its own history, though not a strictly autonomous one. It has been affected by, and in turn has helped to shape, other modes of thinking, other forms of practice. The epistemologist, seeking to understand human knowledge in general, ignores the distinctive characteristics and history of medical knowledge at her peril. What the epistemologist qua epistemologist can learn from the endocrinologist, then, is something not only about the nature of medical knowledge, but about human knowledge in general, which is, after all, the subject matter of
Epigenetics and pervasive developmental disorders

The diagnostic evaluation of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) such as autism is relatively complex due to increased number of genetic conditions as well as newly recognized genetic mechanisms and sophisticated genetic methods to diagnosis them. Epigenetic factors lead to heritable, reversible, and dynamic modulation of gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. A variety of genome modifications as well as environmental factors can influence gene expression. Involvement of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been suggested due to the recognition of occurrence of ASD in patients with neurogenetic conditions that arise from disorders involving epigenetic regulatory factors (fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, microdeletion disorders, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, and copy number variations on chromosomes 15q and 7q). This non-genetic cellular memory, which records developmental and environmental cues, is the basis of epigenetics and will be discussed as it pertains to the ASD. Potential therapies will also be discussed.
Development and Applications of a Fiber-Coupled Atom-Based Electric Field Probe

We are developing a fundamentally new atom-based approach for electric (E) field measurements. This new approach will lead to a self-calibrated, SI traceable, E-field measurement, providing us with the capability to perform measurements on a fine spatial resolution in both the far- and near-fields. Here, we discuss the development and applications of the first moveable fiber-coupled version of this atom-based E-field measurement approach. We show results for various measurements including: far-field measurements of the E-fields, measurements of the E-field distribution along the surface of a circuit board, field measurements in apertures, measurements of the directivity pattern of a horn antenna, and measurements made in a GTEM cell.
Theses and Dissertations Completed in Home Economics: 1990.

This article reports the titles of theses and dissertations completed in 1990 in colleges and universities throughout the United States. The 703 titles were re ported by 61 institutions from 35 states. These titles are listed by subject matter area and degree with the title, author, institution, and availability information following each entry. There are five tables illustrating information about graduate research in home economics: Table 1 lists the numbers of theses and dissertations reported by each institution; Table 2 lists the numbers and percentages of theses and dissertations that fall into each subject matter area; Table 3 ranks the insti tutions reporting the highest number of titles; Table 4 shows the ranking of all the institutions by subject matter area; and Table 5 summarizes the total number of titles by degree and subject matter area since reporting began in 1982.
The histone methyltransferase EZH2 is required for normal uterine development and function in mice

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a rate-limiting catalytic subunit of a histone methyltransferase, polycomb repressive complex, which silences gene activity through the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. EZH2 is critical for epigenetic effects of early estrogen treatment, and may be involved in uterine development and pathologies. We investigated EZH2 expression, regulation, and its role in uterine development/function. Uterine epithelial EZH2 expression was associated with proliferation and was high neonatally then declined by weaning. Pre-weaning uterine EZH2 expression was comparable in wild-type and estrogen receptor 1 knockout mice, showing neonatal EZH2 expression is ESR1 independent. Epithelial EZH2 was upregulated by 17β-estradiol (E2) and inhibited by progesterone in adult uteri from ovariectomized mice. To investigate the uterine role of EZH2, we developed a EZH2 conditional knockout (Ezh2cKO) mouse using a cre recombinase driven by the progesterone receptor (Pgr) promoter that produced Ezh2cKO mice lacking EZH2 in Pgr-expressing tissues (e.g. uterus, mammary glands). In Ezh2cKO uteri, EZH2 was deleted neonatally. These uteri had reduced H3K27me3, were larger than WT, and showed adult cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Ovary-independent uterine epithelial proliferation and increased numbers of highly proliferative uterine glands were seen in adult Ezh2cKO mice. Female Ezh2cKO mice were initially subfertile, and then became infertile by 9 months. Mammary gland development in Ezh2cKO mice was inhibited. In summary, uterine EZH2 expression is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and its loss causes aberrant uterine epithelial proliferation, uterine hypertrophy, and cystic endometrial hyperplasia, indicating a critical role in uterine development and function.Summary SentenceLoss of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 in the mouse uterus results in changes in uterine development and ovary-independent epithelial proliferation and ultimately causes infertility.
Fertility and Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

With inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurring in women of childbearing age, understanding the current literature in regards to the issues surrounding fertility and pregnancy are of paramount importance. Fertility in women with ulcerative colitis (UC) is confined to those who are status post-ileoanal pouch surgery. In Crohn’s disease, infertility is related to active disease in the pelvis resulting in scar tissue, or with derangement of the normal ovulatory cycle. Women with IBD are no more likely to experience a flare of their disease during pregnancy if disease is in remission at the time of conception; if disease is active at the time of conception, then there is approximately 33% chance of disease getting worse and 33% of the disease getting better. Birth outcomes in UC patients are not thought to be impaired in those women in remission during the pregnancy. Women with Crohn’s disease are at risk for babies that are premature and small for gestational age, but not for congenital birth defects. Most women can deliver vaginally without an increased risk for adverse outcomes. The majority of medications used to treat IBD can be used during pregnancy as active disease is more detrimental to a pregnancy than most medications. Nursing should not be discouraged in women with IBD. A team approach with a high-risk obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and pediatrician optimizes outcomes for both mother and infant.
Regulating ENaC’s gate

Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) are members of a family of cation channels that function as sensors of the extracellular environment. ENaCs are activated by specific proteases in the biosynthetic p...
The LearnAir Network

LearnAir is a semantic web infrastructure that improves the reliability of air quality data. It unifies sensors—from citizen science to government reference—to automatically characterize device error under various meteorological conditions and device states. LearnAir thus leverages known reference sensors to extract the useful measurements from otherwise untrustworthy devices.
Time domain response envelope for structural dynamic systems

A transient envelope solution method is developed for payload structural systems. This method requires that the external forcing functions are decomposed into a quasi-static part and a dynamic part. The amplitude of the peak envelope and the corresponding varying frequencies for the generalized forcing functions are required for obtaining the response envelopes. The proposed method is applied to a sample problem as well as a spacecraft structural system and the results are in good agreement with the exact solution.
Increased Mast Cell Counts and Degranulation in Microscopic Colitis

Objectives. Microscopic colitis (MC) is characterized by chronic diarrhea, normal colonoscopy findings, and mucosal inflammation in colonic biopsies and can be classified as collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC). However, the pathogenesis of MC is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to study mast cell counts and activation in MC. Methods. We investigated 64 biopsy samples from the surgical pathology database of Indiana University Health, which met the diagnostic criteria for CC or LC along with 20 control samples collected from 2014 to 2015. The specimens were used for the quantification of mast cells by examining the presence of intracellular and extracellular tryptase by immunohistochemistry. Results. In the lamina propria, the mast cell count was higher in both CC and LC groups than the control (mean highest count, 39/high-power field (HPF) vs. 30/HPF vs. 23/HPF; ). Extracellular tryptase was present in 10% of control subjects as compared to 41% of CC ( ) and 60% of LC ( ) patients. When LC patients were stratified into two groups with either 80% of fragments affected by inflammation, increased mast cell counts are only observed in the >80% involvement group compared with the control, but not the <80% involvement group. Conclusions. The increased mast cell count and degranulation are identified in MC, suggesting that mast cell activation might be involved in the pathogenesis of MC.
A Phase I Trial of Irinotecan (IRI) and BKM120 in Previously Treated Patients (PTS) With Metastic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC)

ABSTRACT Background Reversal of Iri resistance may result with use of Iri plus anti-EGFR antibody in pts with kras wild-type mCRC. BKM120 is an oral pan-class PI3K inhibitor. The published results of a phase I trial of single agent BKM120 showed that BKM120 was well-tolerated and safe with favorable PK profile and promising anti-tumor effect. Methods The primary objective of this phase I trial is to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for Iri and BKM120 combination in previously treated mCRC. The secondary objectives are to characterize the PK of Iri with or without BKM120 as well as PK of BKM120 when administered with Iri, to determine clinical response to the combination, and to correlate the expression of biomarkers associated with PI3K signaling pathway with clinical response to the combination of Iri plus BKM120. A traditional 3 + 3 dosing scheme is used for dose escalation. Iri is given intravenously every 14 days and BKM daily. Iri starts on cycle 1 day 1 while BKM120 starts after 24 hours after the first dose of Iri to allow us to monitor the PK of Iri both in the absence and presence of BKM120. The patients are assessed for safety and toxicities every cycle (q14 days). Results Eleven pts have been enrolled: six were evaluable for toxicity: 3 in cohort 0 (Iri 120 mg/m2 + BKM120 50 mg/d) and 3 in cohort 1 (Iri 150 mg/m2 + BKM 120 50 mg/d). The most common drug related adverse events were nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, hyperglycemia, and elevation of transaminases. One dose limiting toxicity (DLT), genital mucositis, was observed in a male pt in Cohort 1. This resolved in less than 7 days but pt missed more than 7 days of BKM120. The MTD has not been reached. Of the 4 pts who have completed 4 cycles of therapy 3 had stable disease and one had progressive disease. The cycle 1 vs cycle 2 PK for cohort 0 showed SN-38 mean Cmax2/Cmax1 was 0.89 + 0.16 and mean AUC2/AUC1 1.07 + 0.16. The Iri PKs for subsequent cohorts and BKM120 PKs as well as the molecular correlates will be presented. Conclusion This is the first human trial of the combination of Iri and BKM120. No significant toxicities have been observed and the PK of Iri does not seem to be affected by BKM120. These preliminary data support continuing the effort to find the MTD for the combination of Iri and BKM120 for use in phase II trials and to identify potential biomarkers of response and toxicities. Disclosure J.C. Baranda: Research Funds: Novartis, Roche. K. Bhalla: Novartis, Research Funding Novartis, honorarium, advisor. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Human-Computer Interaction, Ethics, and Biomedical Informatics.

Objectives: To provide an overview of recent work at the intersection of Biomedical Informatics, Human-Computer Interaction, and Ethics. Methods: Search terms for Human-Computer Interaction, Biomedical Informatics, and Ethics were used to identify relevant papers published between 2017 and 2019.Relevant papers were identified through multiple methods, including database searches, manual reviews of citations, recent publications, and special collections, as well as through peer recommendations. Identified articles were reviewed and organized into broad themes. Results: We identified relevant papers at the intersection of Biomedical Informatics, Human-Computer Interactions, and Ethics in over a dozen journals. The content of these papers was organized into three broad themes: ethical issues associated with systems in use, systems design, and responsible conduct of research. Conclusions: The results of this overview demonstrate an active interest in exploring the ethical implications of Human-Computer Interaction concerns in Biomedical Informatics. Papers emphasizing ethical concerns associated with patient-facing tools, mobile devices, social media, privacy, inclusivity, and e-consent reflect the growing prominence of these topics in biomedical informatics research. New questions in these areas will likely continue to arise with the growth of precision medicine and citizen science.
Pilot of Brief Health Coaching Intervention to Improve Adherence to Positive Airway Pressure Therapy.

Background Adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies is poor, particularly among low-income populations and racial minorities. This study tested a low-resource, brief telephonic health coaching intervention to improve PAP adherence. Methods Post hoc analysis of a quality improvement initiative in which English- and Spanish-speaking patients from a county-based public health system were randomly assigned to receive health coaching or usual care. An unlicensed, trained health coach called patients three times to resolve barriers to adherence. A per-protocol analysis was conducted for adherence measures collected by device modem at baseline and 30 days. Results Of 131 people for whom device data were available, 56 were randomized to health coaching and 75 to usual care. At baseline, 47.3% of patients had used their device at any time in the past 30 days, with a mean of 2 hours of use per night. At 30 days, adjusting for baseline, patients in the coaching arm were more likely than usual care patients to use their device (55.4% vs. 41.3%, p = 0.03), and they increased their use for 0.4 hours over usual care (p = 0.04). Conclusion This pilot study suggests that a low-cost intervention could be effective at improving PAP adherence, even in a population known to have poor adherence and among long-term PAP users with poor adherence. Future research may examine whether a higher-touch intervention or one using videoconferencing yields greater improvements. This promising intervention warrants further study.
“Networked” Revolutions? ICTs and Protest Mobilization in Non-Democratic Regimes:

Despite the wealth of research linking Internet-based communication technologies (ICTs) with the rise of anti-government demonstrations in non-democracies, empirical evidence on the impact of ICTs ...
Bag of Symbols for Time Series Distance Measurement and Applications

To have a precise understanding of the dynamics of a temporal dataset, it is of crucial importance to discover all the inter-relationships among the corresponding time series. In this paper, we propose a new distance metric to measure the mutual distance of time series in a temporal dataset. The proposed method, which works based on the concept of frequent bag of symbols and Jaccard index, is evaluated using a wide range of experiments with real and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior over the baseline approaches from the performance and running time perspectives. Various real-world datasets, including COVID-19, climate change, and air pollution time series are used in this paper to demonstrate how the proposed approach performs in different big data and machine learning applications.
Effects of CGRP-Primed Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Trigeminal Sensory Neurons.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are important in tooth physiology, contributing to development, repair, regeneration, and immunomodulatory processes. However, their role in inflammatory mechanisms u...
The Shoulder: Congenital and Developmental Conditions

Three important congenital or developmental disorders affect the shoulder. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is discussed at length, followed by congenital undescended scapula, or Sprengel deformity. A similar section focusing on glenohumeral dysplasia follows. The typical presentation, etiology, pathology, treatment, and imaging are discussed.
Surviving advanced persistent threats in a distributed environment --- Architecture and analysis

Designing robust mission-critical systems demands bringing together fault tolerance and security. The emergence of Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) has further added to the challenge of meeting mission assurance goals. Despite the advances in mission survivability, the existing solutions remain ineffective against APTs. In this paper, we propose a novel survivability architecture against APTs in a distributed environment. It involves tamper-resistant and surreptitious detection and node-to-node verification of suspicious events. The solution aims to identify Attacker Intent, Objectives and Strategies (AIOS) and to design targeted recoveries that promote survivability. Its security strength has been theoretically analyzed, while the performance and scalability aspects are measured via simulation. Our simulations demonstrate high scalability with respect to network size and application runtime and the time overhead for long running applications can be easily kept under 1 % of original runtime by carefully adjusting the security strength.
The Fathom System

This technical report describes a general-purpose approach to document generation and viewing. One begins by decomposing a document into contents. A document view is then defined as a subset of the contents of a document. The set of views for a given document can be related using the C operator. The resulting view-relation forms a lattice with the empty (document) view as the bottom element and the view containing the full document as the top element. Transitioning along the edges of this view-lattice is conceptually similar to the zoom mechanism used when viewing electronic representations of maps. We have developed a document generation/viewing framework, called Fathom, based on the ideas described in the previous paragraph. Key challenges faced by Fathom include: (1) automatic decomposition of a document into a semantically meaningful content structure, (2) design of a suitable language for specifying views, and (3) automated support for navigating across an implied view-lattice (e.g., transitioning between views) and browsing the resulting sub-documents.
Tubeless gastric analysis: a study of 100 cases.

A method of tubeless gastric analysis using a cation exchange indicator compound containing quinine has been described by Segal and others.'· 2• 3 When this cation exchange resin is ingested and subjected to the action of hydrochloric acid, the quinine is displaced from the resin forming quinine hydrochloride. The latter is absorbed from the intestine and subsequently excreted in the urine. If no free hydrochloric acid is present in the gastric juice only a very small amount of quinine will be split off from the resin by other cations in the stomach and small intestine and consequently little or no quinine will be present in the urine. In our experience, the quinine resin test is a reliable method for the demonstration of achlorhydria. In the present study, a modification of the method of Brodie, et al.4 was used to determine the quinine in urine in an attempt to simplify the procedure and to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the extraction.
Focused and Motivated: A Psychoeducational Group for Parents Living With HIV

To understand the beneficial aspects of a psychoeducational group, parents living with HIV participated in two telephone interviews. Twelve parents answered open-ended questions about program processes, components, and activities. Study participants identified five processes: focused and motivated; learn from each other; share freely with people who understand; support and care about each other; respect each other's privacy; and protect each other. The identified knowledge areas—self-care, parenting, and goal-setting—were consistent with the program's focus. Components noted were those activities designed to develop comfort between participants, share ideas, and practice skills. Goal-setting and monitoring progress represented a primary task that brought focus to the group's endeavors and around which knowledge was shared and feedback and support were provided, strengthening the bonds between the participants. As people with HIV are living longer, programming can take a future orientation, supporting pare...
A finite element Galerkin/B-Spline (GBS) numerical model of electrochemical kinetics, transport, and mechanism for multi-geometry working electrodes: Part II. A study of quasi-reversible linear sweep voltammetry

Abstract The finite element Galerkin/B-Spline algorithm was employed to simulate the interwoven effects of transfer coefficient (α), nondimensionalized charge transfer rate (Λ), and (for solid cylinders and spheres) the nondimensionalized transport field on linear sweep voltammograms (LSVs) for a quasi-reversible, single-step, first order redox couple governed by simple Butler-Volmer kinetics. Computed results are normalized relative to corresponding reversible processes and are shown for planar, spherical, and cylindrical electrodes, with emphasis on the latter. Three-dimensional parametric surfaces map the changes in LSV peak shape, potential, and magnitude which occur over a wide continuum of interactions among Λ, α, and the strongly influential electrode cylindricity (C) or sphericity (S).