cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social media, spillover, and Saudi Arabian women's right to drive movements: analyzing interconnected online collective actions

The advent of modern forms of information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as social media, has modified the ways people communicate and enables an inimitable way of connectivity promoting the advancement and diffusion of information. Given that, individuals within social movements bringing influence from other movements makes the study of spillover within social movements an important concentration for sociologists and others studying collective action (CA). This research explores the role of social movement spillover in investigating and sustaining the Women's Right to Drive movement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We benefit from various models of established collective action theories developed in the pre-Internet era, and re-evaluate traditional theories of spillover within the modern ICT landscape by utilizing existing collective action theories/approaches and novel and innovative computational analytical tools. The findings of this study are conceptualized to shed new insights on information diffusion, mutual influence, role distribution analysis of activists/supporters across movements and provide a deeper understanding of interconnected social movements and social movement spillover. Applying computational metrics to measure the strength of spillover and its effects on complex social processes enable novel model development to help advance the understanding of interconnected collective actions conducted through modern social and information systems.
SU35. Treatment Outcome in Compensatory Cognitive Training for Schizophrenia: Therapeutic Alliance vs Learning Potential.

Abstract Background: Engaging an individual with schizophrenia in treatment can be challenging; however, research has shown that therapeutic alliance (TA) contributes to therapeutic outcomes as well as treatment continuation. Similarly, learning potential (LP) has also been found to predict treatment outcomes in therapies that require the ability to benefit from repeated practice and learning. Although prior research has focused on TA and LP separately when examining the effectiveness for treatment, studying both TA and LP together may give us a better understanding of how individuals with schizophrenia respond to a cognitive treatment. We sought to determine whether TA or LP would best predict treatment outcome in adults with schizophrenia receiving group-based compensatory cognitive training (CCT). Our hypothesis was that baseline LP would predict potential improvements in cognition given that the treatment was a cognitive-based intervention. In exploratory fashion, we also examined whether pre-post changes in TA or LP would be associated with potential pre-post changes in symptoms. Methods: Sixty-seven outpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled in a 3-month program called Compensatory Cognitive Training (CCT; Twamley et al, 2012) focused on prospective memory, attention skills, and executive functioning. Assessments of TA, LP, cognition, and symptoms were conducted at baseline and post. LP Index was calculated as the post minus the pretraining difference score following repeat administration and training on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT). TA was measured using the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR), overall cognition was assessed with the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB), while symptoms were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: While moderate pre-post improvements were seen in cognition (d = 0.52) and negative symptoms (d = 0.59), only baseline TA, and not LP, predicted pre-post cognitive improvement, accounting for 33% of the variance. Improvement in TA from baseline to post was also related to a greater reduction in overall psychotic symptoms, and in particularly, greater improvement in memory performance. Conclusion: Therapeutic alliance rather than learning potential was found to predict cognitive improvement and symptom reduction in a group-based therapy intended to improve cognitive skills. The therapeutic relationship continues to garner more empirical support as an important predictor of treatment outcome in cognitive treatments for schizophrenia. Understanding the importance and benefits of TA may help clinicians implement a more effective and enduring form of treatment for this population.
A Technique to Define Extrahepatic Biliary Anatomy Using Robotic Near-Infrared Fluorescent Cholangiography.

Bile duct injury is a rare but serious complication of minimally invasive cholecystectomy. Traditionally, intraoperative cholangiogram has been used in difficult cases to help delineate anatomical structures, however, new imaging modalities are currently available to aid in the identification of extrahepatic biliary anatomy, including near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIFC) using indocyanine green (ICG).1–5 The objective of the study was to evaluate if this technique may aid in safe dissection to obtain the critical view. Thirty-five consecutive multiport robotic cholecystectomies using NIFC with ICG were performed using the da Vinci Firefly Fluorescence Imaging System. All patients received 2.5 mg ICG intravenously at the time of intubation, followed by patient positioning, draping, and establishment of pneumoperitoneum. No structures were divided until the critical view of safety was achieved. Real-time toggling between NIFC and bright-light illumination was utilized throughout the case to define the extrahepatic biliary anatomy. ICG was successfully administered to all patients without complication, and in all cases the extrahepatic biliary anatomy was able to be identified in real-time 3D. All procedures were completed without biliary injury, conversion to an open procedure, or need for traditional cholangiography to obtain the critical view. Specific examples of cases where x-ray cholangiography or conversion to open was avoided and NIFC aided in safe dissection leading to the critical view are demonstrated, including (1) evaluation for aberrant biliary anatomy, (2) confirmation of non-biliary structures, and (3) use in cases where the infundibulum is fused to the common bile duct. NIFC using ICG is demonstrated as a useful technique to rapidly identify and aid in the visualization of extrahepatic biliary anatomy. Techniques that selectively utilize this technology specifically in difficult cases where the anatomy is unclear are demonstrated in order to obtain the critical view of safety.
Burning Down the (White) House: Partisan Attempts to Undermine American Exceptionalism

Although it is well established that U.S. politicians tend to promote American exceptionalism, we argue that partisans often attempt to undermine American exceptionalism when doing so improves the standing of their party. Results of three studies provide support for this expectation. Study 1, using American National Election Studies cumulative data, finds that evaluations of the United States’ global standing are linked to evaluations of the political parties. Further, which party currently holds the White House affects partisans’ appraisals of the nation’s global standing. Study 2 employs an experiment where partisans are exposed to a news story proclaiming American exceptionalism to either be intact or in jeopardy. Results provide additional evidence that appraisals of the United States’ global standing are more pessimistic when the president is from the opposing party. Study 3 uses a content analysis of presidential convention speeches and demonstrates that presidential candidates attempt to undermine American exceptionalism when the other party holds the White House.
Disentangling Global Warming, Multidecadal Variability, and El Niño in Pacific Temperatures

A key challenge in climate science is to separate observed temperature changes into components due to internal variability and responses to external forcing. Extended integrations of forced and unforced climate models are often used for this purpose. Here we demonstrate a novel method to separate modes of internal variability from global warming based on differences in time scale and spatial pattern, without relying on climate models. We identify uncorrelated components of Pacific sea surface temperature variability due to global warming, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our results give statistical representations of PDO and ENSO that are consistent with their being separate processes, operating on different time scales, but are otherwise consistent with canonical definitions. We isolate the multidecadal variability of the PDO and find that it is confined to midlatitudes; tropical sea surface temperatures and their teleconnections mix in higher‐frequency variability. This implies that midlatitude PDO anomalies are more persistent than previously thought.
The Use of Salmonella Bacteriophage P22 to Study the Multiple Mechanisms of Acridine-Induced Damage

Bacteriophage P22 of Salmonella typhimurium is one of the well-characterized double-stranded DNA phages with respect to structure, genetics, and assembly. We are taking advantage of this to study the potentially toxic modes of interaction of poly-aromatic aza-heterocyclic compounds with highly organized DNA-protein structures. These compounds, exemplified by acridines and benzoquinolines, are released into the environment from the combustion and processing of fossil fuels.
Expression of the three myeloid cell-associated immunoglobulin G Fc receptors defined by murine monoclonal antibodies on normal bone marrow and acute leukemia cells.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have been prepared recently that recognize the three cell-surface receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig), termed Fc gamma RI (MoAb 32.2), Fc gamma R II (MoAb IV-3), and Fc gamma R III (MoAb 3G8) that are expressed on selected subsets of non-T lymphocyte peripheral blood leukocytes. In the blood, Fc gamma R I is expressed exclusively on monocytes and macrophages, Fc gamma R II on granulocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, platelets, and B cells, and Fc gamma R III on granulocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. We have examined the expression of these molecules on normal bone marrow (BM) cells and on leukemia cells from the blood and/or BM in order to determine their normal ontogeny as well as their distribution on leukemic cells. BM was obtained from six normal volunteers and from 170 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia. Normal BM cells were found to express Fc gamma R I, II, and III with the following percentages: 40%, 58%, and 56%, respectively. Cell sorting revealed that both Fc gamma R I and Fc gamma R II were detectable on all subclasses of myeloid precursors as early as myeloblasts. Cell sorting experiments revealed that 66% of the granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) and 50% of erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) were Fc gamma R II positive with only 20% and 28%, respectively, of CFU-GM and BFU-E were Fc gamma R I positive. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells expressed the three receptors with the following frequency (n = 146): Fc gamma R I, 58%; Fc gamma R II, 67%; and Fc gamma R III, 26% of patients. Despite the fact that Fc gamma R I is only expressed on monocytes among blood cells, AML cells without monocytoid differentiation (French-American-British [FAB]M1, M2, M3, M6) were sometimes positive for this receptor. However, Fc gamma R I was highly correlated with FAB M4 and M5 morphology (P less than .001). Fc gamma R II was also correlated with FAB M4 and M5 morphology (P = .003). Cells from 11 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were negative for Fc gamma R I, but six cases were positive for Fc gamma R II and III (not the same patients). These studies demonstrate that Ig Fc gamma R are acquired during normal differentiation in the BM at or before the level of colony-forming units. In addition, we show that acute leukemia cells commonly express Fc gamma R.
Molecular Mechanisms and Pathology of Gastric Carcinogenesis: Sporadic Cancers

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the most frequent malignancy arising in the stomach and represents the fourth most frequent cancer worldwide. In this chapter, we will review major advances that have contributed to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis, including the identification of Helicobacter pylori gastritis as a major factor in gastric cancer development and subsequent studies characterizing the complex molecular alterations in gastric mucosa induced by H. pylori infection, EBV-associated gastric cancer, and genome-wide molecular studies combined with hypothesis-driven research that have provided molecular approaches for gastric cancer classification and identification of genes and specific pathways potentially amenable to personalized targeted therapies.
"There Can Be No Racial Improvisation in White Supremacy": What We Can Learn When Anti-Racist Pedagogy Fails.

Using narrative research as a qualitative methodology, we (two white critical whiteness scholars) tell a story about how a dismantling and rebuilding of whiteness occurred in a fourth-grade classro...
Women and Resistance in Contemporary Bengali Cinema : A Freedom Incomplete

Historically, Indian cinema has positioned women at the intersection of tradition and a more evolving culture, portraying contradictory attitudes which affect women’s roles in public and private spheres. Examining the work of three directors from West Bengal, this book addresses the juxtaposition of tradition and culture regarding women in Bengali cinema. It argues the antithesis of women’s roles, particularly in terms of ideas of resistance, revolution, change, and autonomy, by suggesting they convey resistance to hegemonic structures, encouraging a re-envisioning of women’s positions within the familial-social matrix. Along with presenting a perception of culture as dynamic and evolving, the book discusses how some directors show that with this rupturing of the traditionally prohibitive, and a notion of unmaking and making in women, a traditional inclination is exposed to align women with ideas of absence, substitution, and disposability. The author goes on to show how selected auteurs in contemporary Bengali cinema break with certain traditional representations of women, gesturing towards a culture that is more liberating for women. Presenting the first full-length study of women’s changing roles over the last twenty years of Bengali cinema, this book will be a useful contribution for students and scholars of South Asian Culture, Film Studies and Gender Studies.
Deciphering seed dispersal decisions: Size, not tannin content, drives seed fate and survival in a tropical forest

Scatter‐hoarding animals can dramatically affect plant survival by depositing seeds in favorable microhabitats away from parent plants (seed dispersal) and by consuming seeds (seed predation). By understanding how scatter hoarders make seed dispersal decisions, we can infer how different plant chemical defenses or seed set strategies may influence seed survival and, ultimately, plant recruitment. We used a wild population of Central American agoutis, Dasyprocta punctata, to experimentally test how seed chemistry and size influence seed fates in a tropical premontane wet forest in Costa Rica. We hypothesized that seeds perceived by agoutis to be very valuable (large, non‐toxic seeds) would be taken far from sources and preferentially cached over less valuable (small, toxic) seeds. Using artificial seeds created from baked polymer clay and peanuts, we manipulated seed chemistry (0%, 2%, 15% tannic acid) and size (4, 14, 24 g) in fully factorial paired‐choice field experiments. We tracked the fates of individually numbered thread‐marked seeds in space and time. There was no difference in the handling, regardless of size, of non‐toxic and toxic seeds by agoutis. Large (24 g) seeds were moved farthest and preferentially hoarded by agoutis, whereas small (4 g) seeds were mostly eaten in situ. By experimentally manipulating seed chemistry and size with a high degree of replication using artificial seeds in the field, we have determined how these plant functional traits affect agouti seed dispersal decisions, with implications for plant propagation and the evolution of seed size.
Balloon Sinuplasty Utilization in the Pediatric Population: A National Database Perspective.

ObjectiveBalloon sinuplasty (BS) is a surgical management option in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to examine BS utilization among children with a national d...
C-reactive protein as adverse prognostic marker for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): Confirmatory results

5168 Background: We previously reported that higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with shorter survival in men with metastatic CRPC treated with docetaxel-containi...
Safe automated refactoring for intelligent parallelization of Java 8 streams

Abstract Streaming APIs are becoming more pervasive in mainstream Object-Oriented programming languages and platforms. For example, the Stream API introduced in Java 8 allows for functional-like, MapReduce-style operations in processing both finite, e.g., collections, and infinite data structures. However, using this API efficiently involves subtle considerations such as determining when it is best for stream operations to run in parallel, when running operations in parallel can be less efficient, and when it is safe to run in parallel due to possible lambda expression side-effects. In this paper, we present an automated refactoring approach that assists developers in writing efficient stream code in a semantics-preserving fashion. The approach, based on a novel data ordering and typestate analysis, consists of preconditions and transformations for automatically determining when it is safe and possibly advantageous to convert sequential streams to parallel and unorder or de-parallelize already parallel streams. The approach was implemented as a plug-in to the popular Eclipse IDE, uses the WALA and SAFE analysis frameworks, and was evaluated on 18 Java projects consisting of ∼1.65M lines of code. We found that 116 of 419 candidate streams (27.68%) were refactorable, and an average speedup of 3.49 on performance tests was observed. The results indicate that the approach is useful in optimizing stream code to their full potential.
A Geographic Hotspot and Emerging Transmission Cluster of the HIV-1 Epidemic Among Older Adults in a Rural Area of Eastern China.

Despite the implementation of health education and free condom distribution for decades, the HIV/AIDS epidemic among older adults in China shows no sign of declining. This study aims to identify HI...
Subject literacy in culturally diverse secondary schools: supporting EAL learners: by Esther Daborn, Sally Zacharias and Hazel Crichton, London and New York, Bloomsbury Academic, 2020, xxiii + 236 pp., £22.49/$31.46 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-3500-7362-3

In secondary school settings, supporting learners who speak English as an additional language (EAL) is not solely the responsibility of EAL specialists. Subject teachers, as well, are often intimat...
Cannabis use, other drug use, and risk of subsequent acute care in primary care patients

Abstract Background Cannabis and other drug use is associated with adverse health events, but little is known about the association of routine clinical screening for cannabis or other drug use and acute care utilization. This study evaluated whether self-reported frequency of cannabis or other drug use was associated with subsequent acute care. Method This retrospective cohort study used EHR and claims data from 8 sites in Washington State that implemented annual substance use screening. Eligible adult primary care patients (N = 47,447) completed screens for cannabis (N = 45,647) and/or other drug use, including illegal drug use and prescription medication misuse, (N = 45,255) from 3/3/15-10/1/2016. Separate single-item screens assessed frequency of past-year cannabis and other drug use: never, less than monthly, monthly, weekly, daily/almost daily. An indicator of acute care utilization measured any urgent care, emergency department visits, or hospitalizations ≤19 months after screening. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models estimated risk of acute care. Results Patients were predominantly non-Hispanic White. Those reporting cannabis use less than monthly (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.12, 95 % CI = 1.03–1.21) or daily (HR = 1.24; 1.10–1.39) had greater risk of acute care during follow-up than those reporting no use. Patients reporting other drug use less than monthly (HR = 1.34; 1.13–1.59), weekly (HR = 2.21; 1.46–3.35), or daily (HR = 2.53; 1.86–3.45) had greater risk of acute care than those reporting no other drug use. Conclusion Population-based screening for cannabis and other drug use in primary care may have utility for understanding risk of subsequent acute care. It is unclear whether findings will generalize to U.S. states with broader racial/ethnic diversity.
Injectable Materials for Myocardial Tissue Engineering

Injectable materials have gained recent focus as therapeutic alternatives to treat and prevent heart failure post-myocardial infarction. These materials offer the potential to treat the damaged region of the heart through minimally invasive catheter delivery. A variety of naturally derived and inspired materials, as well as synthetic materials have been explored as potential extracellular matrix replacement scaffolds to prevent a decline in cardiac function and/or improve cell transplant survival. Most recently, decellularized matrices have been suggested, to provide a cardiac-specific biomimetic replacement. This chapter will review the variety of materials that have been explored as injectable therapies for cardiac repair, with a particular focus on decellularized matrices. Additionally, this chapter will review the injection systems currently available, and the design criteria materials must meet for compatibility with minimally invasive catheter delivery.
Forward elastic scattering of light on light, $\gamma+\gamma\rightarrow\gamma+\gamma$

The forward elastic scattering of light on light, i.e., the reaction $\gamma+\gamma\rightarrow\gamma+\gamma$ in the forward direction, is analyzed utilizing real analytic amplitudes. We calculate $\rho_{\gamma \gamma}$ , the ratio of the real to the imaginary portion of the forward scattering amplitude, by fitting the total $\gamma \gamma$ cross section data in the high energy region 5 GeV $\le \sqrt s\le 130$ GeV, assuming a cross section that rises asymptotically as ln2 s. We then compare $\rho_{\gamma \gamma} to \rho_{nn}$ , the ratio of the even portions of the pp and $\bar pp$ forward scattering amplitudes, as well as to $\rho_{\gamma p}$ [1], the $\rho$ value for Compton scattering. Within errors, we find that the three $\rho$ -values in the c.m.s. energy region 5 GeV $\le \sqrt s\le$ 130 GeV are the same, as predicted by a factorization theorem of Block and Kaidalov [2].
A presentation of adenovirus with hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis in pregnancy

BackgroundAdenovirus infection is usually mild in presentation. However during pregnancy, the course can be more severe.CaseA 21-year-old woman in her second pregnancy presented with abdominal pain...
A Rubric for Estimation of Efficiency of Progression on a General Equilibrium Growth Path

This study develops a formal theoretical rubric for estimation of the efficiency with which a country progresses on its general equilibrium growth path towards its steady state growth phase. Empirical tests confirm robustness of the metric, and show, contrary to assumptions of growth theory that, in most countries, between 10 and 70 percent of GDP Per Capita growth is generated not by technical change that is induced by innovations, but by any or all of 'demand-pull entrepreneurship', rent seeking, and crony capitalism. This finding yields the important implication that innovation systems of many developed countries inherently are unable to cater to growth demands that are implied by population levels and standards of living. Inequality then is traceable, in part at least, to inadequacies of countries' innovation systems. Empirical findings yield the insight that whereas countries ought to be engaged in searches for highest quality innovations (i.e. 'top-down innovation systems'), most countries are engaged with innovation strategies in context of which they attempt to leverage higher quality innovations on 'already existing' innovations (i.e. 'low-high innovation systems'). Given low-high innovation systems reward incumbency, there is arrival at innovation systems that stifle, rather than stimulate arrival of new types of innovations, with outcome dependence on any or all of demand-pull entrepreneurship, rent seeking, or crony capitalism is exacerbated. Consistent with superiority of top-down innovation systems, all sample countries, which adopt the innovation system progress efficiently on the general equilibrium growth path.
Desiderata for Representation Learning: A Causal Perspective

Representation learning constructs low-dimensional representations to summarize essential features of high-dimensional data. This learning problem is often approached by describing various desiderata associated with learned representations; e.g., that they be non-spurious, efficient, or disentangled. It can be challenging, however, to turn these intuitive desiderata into formal criteria that can be measured and enhanced based on observed data. In this paper, we take a causal perspective on representation learning, formalizing non-spuriousness and efficiency (in supervised representation learning) and disentanglement (in unsupervised representation learning) using counterfactual quantities and observable consequences of causal assertions. This yields computable metrics that can be used to assess the degree to which representations satisfy the desiderata of interest and learn non-spurious and disentangled representations from single observational datasets.
Preventing bulky cation diffusion in lead halide perovskite solar cells

The impact on device stability of the bulky cation-modified interfaces in halide perovskite solar cells is not well-understood. We demonstrate the thermal instability of the bulky cation interface layers used in some of the highest performing solar cells to date. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements reveal significant changes under thermal stress in the chemical composition and structure at the surface of these films. The changes impact charge carrier dynamics and device operation, as shown in transient photoluminescence, excitation correlation spectroscopy, and solar cells. The type of cation used for passivation affects the extent of these changes, where long carbon chains provide more stable interfaces and thus longer durability (more than 1000 hrs at 55oC). Such findings highlight that annealing the treated interfaces before characterization is critical to enable reliable reporting of performances and to drive the selection between different cations.
Minimal Envy Matchings in the Hospitals/Residents Problem with Lower Quotas

In the Hospitals/Residents problem, every hospital has an upper quota that limits the number of residents assigned to it. While, in some applications, each hospital also has a lower quota for the number of residents it receives. In this setting, a stable matching may not exist. Envy-freeness is introduced as a relaxation of stability that allows blocking pairs involving a resident and an empty position of a hospital. While, envy-free matching might not exist either when lower quotas are introduced. We consider the problem of finding a feasible matching that satisfies lower quotas and upper quotas and minimizes envy in terms of envy-pairs and envy-residents in the Hospitals/Resident problem with Lower Quota. We show that the problem is NP-hard with both envy measurement. We also give a simple exponential-time algorithm for the Minimum-Envy-Pair HRLQ problem.
Evaluation of Java as an Internet Delivery Tool

The program for Integrated Design, NDE and Manufacturing Sciences at the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation (CNDE) has as its mission to integrate NDE inspectability, materials and stress information, and overall product reliability into the designer’s computer aided design capabilities. In recent years the Center has provided design data to give design teams a way to consider the effects of certain design changes on inspectability in typical canonical family geometries of design parts. Providing software modules via the Internet is a logical extension to provide data.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Constitutively Active Gsa

Constitutive activation of Gsα is seen in the genetic disorder McCune-Albright Syndrome, as well as some endocrine adenomas and in tissues affected by cholera toxin. Random mutagenesis of constitut...
Event-Driven Programming

Chapter six introduces event-driven programming. In an event-driven program, the program goes to an event queue to find the next event and then calls some code to process that event. Graphical User Interface (GUI) programs operate like this. Chapter six introduces event-driven programming using Tkinter, a graphical user interface library for Python programmers.
Abstract 44: Associations of Atrial Fibrillation, Neuroimaging Measures of Cerebrovascular Disease and Alzheimer’S Disease-related Pathology, and Cognitive Impairment

The objective of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations of atrial fibrillation with neuroimaging measures of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology, and their interaction with cognitive impairment. MRI scans of non-demented individuals (n=1044) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were analyzed for infarctions, total grey matter, hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes. A subset of 496 individuals underwent FDG and C-11 Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET scans. We assessed the associations of atrial fibrillation with i) categorical MRI measures (cortical and subcortical infarctions) using multivariable logistic regression models, and with ii) continuous MRI measures ( hippocampal, total grey matter, and white matter hyperintensity volumes) and FDG-PET and PiB-PET measures using multivariable linear regression models, and adjusting for confounders. Among participants who underwent MRI (median age, 77.8, 51.6% male), 13.5% had atria...
Isolating determinism in multi-threaded programs

Futures are a program abstraction that express a simple form of fork-join parallelism. The expression future (e) declares that e can be evaluated concurrently with the future 's continuation. Safe -futures provide additional deterministic guarantees, ensuring that all data dependencies found in the original (non-future annotated) version are respected. In this paper, we present a dynamic analysis for enforcing determinism of safe-futures in an ML-like language with dynamic thread creation and first-class references. Our analysis tracks the interaction between futures (and their continuations) with other explicitly defined threads of control, and enforces an isolation property that prevents the effects of a continuation from being witnessed by its future, indirectly through their interactions with other threads. Our analysis is defined via a lightweight capability-based dependence tracking mechanism that serves as a compact representation of an effect history. Implementation results support our premise that futures and threads can extract additional parallelism compared to traditional approaches for safe-futures.
Discrete-Ordinates Methods for Radiative Transfer in the Non-Relativistic Stellar Regime

The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe the application of discreteordinates methods to radiative transfer in the non-relativistic stellar regime. We consider the non-relativistic regime to be characterized by material velocities less than or equal to one percent of the speed of light. In most applications, the radiative transfer equations are coupled to the hydrodynamics equations. We first describe a radiation-hydrodynamics model that consists of the Euler equations and the radiation transport equation together with approximations for material-motion effects based upon the assumption of non-relativistic material velocities. For simplicity, we next focus on a model of radiative transfer in a static medium that is adequate for the purpose of describing numerical discretization and solution techniques for the transfer equation that can also be applied in the more general context of radiationhydrodynamics.
On the Hausdorff Voronoi Diagram of Point Clusters in the Plane

We study the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram of point clusters in the plane and derive a tight combinatorial bound on its structural complexity. We present a plane sweep algorithm for the construction of this diagram improving upon previous results. Motivation for the investigation of this type of Voronoi diagram comes from the problem of computing the critical area of a VLSI Layout, a measure reflecting the sensitivity of the design to spot defects during manufacturing.
Is Occult Lymph Node Disease in Colorectal Cancer Patients Clinically Significant?: A Review of the Relevant Literature

The clinical significance of micrometastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) to regional lymph nodes remains controversial. In this review, we analyze publications that have evaluated the clinical significance of occult lymph node metastasis in CRC. An extensive literature search identified 19 publications that evaluated the clinical significance of micrometastatic CRC by various methods, including immunohistochemistry (IHC; n = 13) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, n = 6). These studies were reviewed for methodology and findings. Significant limitations in methodology were identified, including inconsistent histological definitions of micrometastatic disease, poor sampling because of an inadequate number of lymph nodes or number of sections per lymph node analyzed, lack of conformity with respect to IHC antibody or RT-PCR marker, and inadequate power because of small sample size. Micrometastatic lymph node metastasis identified by RT-PCR was consistently found to be prognostically significant, but this was not true of micrometastatic disease identified by IHC. RT-PCR analysis of lymph nodes with specific markers can help identify pN0 (pathological-negative lymph node) CRC patients at increased risk for recurrence. The identification of occult disease by IHC techniques may also ultimately prove to be associated with worse outcome, but a number of inadequately powered studies have concluded conversely.
A comparative analysis of the development of the United States and European Union biodiesel industries.

Worldwide production of biodiesel is growing at a rapid pace. Arguably, the European Union (EU) is the global leader in biodiesel production, but the United States has recently expanded its production. The growth of the biodiesel industry in both regions has been fueled by a series of government-provided financial incentives. However, the timing of the growth and incentive provisions, the nature of the main incentives, and the market conditions differ across regions. This article provides a comparative analysis of the EU and U.S. biodiesel industries, highlighting market and policy aspects that are leading to a rapid but distinct growth.
Martin Chusid, Verdi’s Il trovatore: The Quintessential Italian Melodrama

Martin Chusid, one of the most prolific and respected Verdi and Schubert scholars, passed away in December 2013, two months after the celebrations of Verdi’s two-hundredth birthday at New York Univ...
Corrections to "The impact of vehicle structural components on radiation patterns of a window glass embedded FM antenna" [Oct 11 3536-3543]

In the above-named article [ibid., vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3536-3543, Oct. 2011] errors occurred in (1), which are corrected here.
Estimating linear trends: Simple linear regression versus epoch differences

Two common approaches for estimating a linear trend are 1) simple linear regression and 2) the epoch difference with possibly unequal epoch lengths. The epoch difference estimator for epochs of length M is defined as the difference between the average value over the last M time steps and the average value over the first M time steps divided by N 2 M ,w hereN is the length of the time series. Both simple linear regression and the epoch difference are unbiased estimators for the trend; however, it is demonstrated that the variance of the linear regression estimator is always smaller than the variance of the epoch difference estimator for first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] time series with lag-1 autocorrelations less than about 0.85. It is further shown that under most circumstances if the epoch difference estimator is applied, the optimal epoch lengths are equal and approximately one-third the length of the time series. Additional results are given for the optimal epoch length at one end when the epoch length at the other end is constrained.
INTRAPOPULATIONAL VARIATION IN VIBRIO VULNIFICUS LEVELS IN CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA (GMELIN 1971) IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HOST SIZE BUT NOT WITH DISEASE STATUS OR DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY

Abstract Vibrio vulnificus is an important human pathogen, which occurs naturally in estuarine waters and in large numbers in oysters. The levels of V. vulnificus in shellfish vary greatly, and the causes of this variation are not well understood. A protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, is a pathogen of oysters, which was earlier suggested to increase susceptibility of oysters to bacterial infections. A goal of our study is to determine whether the presence of P. marinus plays a role in determining the incidence or magnitude of V. vulnificus infection in oysters. We also used fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of shell weight as an indicator of developmental instability and thus of microbially-induced physiological stress in oysters. We harvested 155 adult oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from a small environmentally homogeneous site in North Carolina, and examined them for V. vulnificus and P. marinus infections. V. vulnificus and P. marinus were detected in 88% and 73% of the oysters, respectively. The incidenc...
Rational psychopharmacology in the treatment of multiple personality disorder

The current state of the data concerned with psychopharmacologic interventions for multiple personality disorder (MPD) is reviewed. Common sense guidelines are provided for drug treatment of MPD. An overview is given for use of medications for specific symptoms commonly found in MPD patients, such as affective, posttraumatic stress disorder, and sleep disorder symptoms.
New algebraic design for better P2P Features (abstract only)

Lately P2P application routing got interest and finding better routing and increasing performance and security is real challenge these days. Mostly research use overlay routing even using interconnection network design dynamically. Goal is to route a message to a destination whose IP address is not known which eliminates the need for large routing tables. Nevertheless, the overlay network could become wasteful because outgoing traffic may take a route longer than necessary. In this abstract, we propose a new design for P2P features. These new design is to combine physical and logical networks to reduce traffic and improving performance and security. This new design provides node organization for faster searching. Work used simulation program to show these new design better performance than existing design. Algorithm of new routing is defined mathematical algebraic model to show every case. Our next step is to actually improving localizing design with new overlay network design.
Gold concentrations in hair, nail, and skin during chrysotherapy.

Serial hair and nail specimens were obtained from 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving chrysotherapy. Punch biopsies of skin lesions and normal-appearing skin from 4 other patients with gold dermatitis, and serial skin biopsies from 4 additional patients were obtained at intervals during chrysotherapy. Gold content was measured in these samples using neutron activation analysis. Small quantities of gold were found in hair (mean = 0.30 μg/g), nail (mean = 0.17 μg/g), and skin (mean = 0.03 μg/g) prior to chrysotherapy, with two- to fivefold increases after 3–12 months of treatment. Compared to those from patients who did not develop gold toxicity, gold concentrations in all three tissues were similar in patients who developed gold toxicity. Gold levels were identical in skin lesions and normal-appearing skin of patients with gold dermatitis. These findings indicate that gold has little affinity for keratinous tissues, and that determination of gold content in these tissues is not helpful in differentiating gold-toxic from nontoxic patients.
The university press: trends, initiatives and collaborations over the past several years

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine recent trends that have affected university presses (UPs). The increased reliance on digital resources and fiscal constraints within higher education has forced UPs to re-evaluate their position with the scholarly communication system. Responses include an increased focus on partnerships, new forms of publication, changing business models and better meeting customers’ needs. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have reviewed publications on UPs from the past five years and added their viewpoints on current and future trends. Findings – UPs must adapt to resource scarcity and current trends in scholarly communication to remain viable. Practical implications – Both UPs and academic libraries may gain insights on how to meet the needs of researchers and scholars within a changing environment. Originality/value – This paper summarizes and evaluates a broad spectrum of research on UPs.
Retention of riverine iron in estuaries

Abstract Retention of Fe flocs, resulting from the mixing of river water and seawater, was examined in three Maine estuaries. Riverine Fe was found to remain fairly conservative with salinity, implying that the process of floccufation does not necessarily remove Fe from water parcels. Laboratory experiments corroborated the field data by demonstrating that neither gravity nor suspended sediment were very effective in removing flocculated Fe from suspension. However, input of a tannery effluent did appear to result in scavenging of Fe from estuarine waters. Flocculated riverine Fe was found to increase considerably the Fe concentrations of estuarine bottom sediments, with the amount of iron per sediment specific surface area dependent on mean river flow entering an estuary. While no long term retention efficiencies could be calculated for these estuaries, it seems likely that a significant portion of flocculated riverine Fe escapes to shelf waters.
Progress Towards Burning Plasmas

The next frontier for fusion science is the study of burning plasmas. The international ITER facility will advance research efforts into this new regime. In this paper we will first define burning plasmas and describe their distinctive features. One such feature is dominant self-heating (exothermic) by a large population of alpha particles, created from thermonuclear reactions. Next, we will briefly review how previous experiments on JET and TFTR to attain breakeven have laid the foundation for taking the present step to ITER. Then, we will describe various physics and technology issues that need to be addressed for burning plasmas. In addition to the scientific opportunities, we will also describe how ITER, being operated as a large-scale international project, is making progress in terms of organization, mission, funding, and programmatic coordination worldwide.
Risk factors and the prevalence of trocar site herniation after laparoscopic fundoplication.

Background: Although there have been case reports describing trocar site herniation after laparoscopic fundoplication, its overall prevalence and the risk factors for its development are unclear. Methods: The records of 320 patients undergoing primary laparoscopic fundoplication as treatment for gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia between 1991 and 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. Placement of the initial supraumbilical trocar was by the open Hassan technique in all patients. Results: Nine patients (five male) with a mean age 54 years (range, 37-75) developed trocar site herniation, for an overall prevalence of 3%. The mean interval between surgery and diagnosis was 12 months (range, 4-21). In all patients, the hernia occurred at the supraumbilical camera port site. Patients with trocar hernias tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than those without hernias (mean BMI, 29.4 kg/m2 vs 27.2 kg/m2, p = 0.13). None of the patients developed intestinal obstruction as a consequence of herniation. To date, all but one of the hernias have been repaired. Six of them required the insertion of a prosthetic mesh. Conclusions: The prevalence of trocar site herniation after laparoscopic fundoplication was minimal at 3%. All hernias occurred at the midline supraumbilical port, the only site where open trocar insertion was employed. As a consequence of these observations, we have developed a new method of open trocar placement. This method utilizes a paramedian skin incision and separate fascial incisions through anterior and posterior rectus sheathes, with retraction of the rectus abdominis muscle laterally.
Used crankcase oil as a cutting fluid

Abstract Used crankcase oil compares favorably with straight cutting oils in drilling operations, since it provides lower cutting forces and longer tool life.
The relationship between age and fever magnitude.

ABSTRACT Background Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in older people; however, they are often difficult to diagnose because the signs and symptoms of infection in older people are frequently atypical. Fever, one of the most important signs of infection, is a case in point. Preliminary evidence suggests that the febrile response in older persons is blunted, leading to the clinical maxim, “the older, the colder.” The objective of this study was to assess the effect of age on the febrile response to moderate-to-severe pneumonia in hospitalized patients adjusted for the effect of anatomic site at which the temperature was measured. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 320 hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe pneumonia. The study was designed to assess the effect of age on the febrile response to moderate-to-severe pneumonia in hospitalized patients, adjusting for the effect of the anatomic location of the temperature measurement. The highest temperature of each day and the anatomic sites at which temperatures were taken (axillary, oral, rectal, or other) on days 1 and 2 of infection and at hospital discharge. Baseline demographic information, including age, were obtained for each patient. Results There were 320 patients (median age, 64 years; range, 18–97 years). Using a linear regression model, significant inverse correlations were found between age and the temperature for patients on the first and second days of hospitalization ( P Conclusion In this study, the febrile response to infections was reduced with increasing age and baseline temperatures were generally lower in older patients.
Nonplanarity of the methoxy groups in o-dimethoxybenzene : quantum chemical calculations of the 17O chemical shieldings

Abstract Ab initio calculations of the 17O chemical shieldings in o-dimethoxybenzene and p-dimeth-oxybenzene are presented. The total energy and 17O chemical shielding tensors in the former compound were calculated as a function of the C-C-O-CH3 dihedral angle. The results are consistent with a nonplanar structure of o-dimethoxybenzene in solution and in agreement with recent experimental results that show a large departure for the ortho-para equivalence rule in their 17O chemical shifts.