cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on the nature of dengue viruses: I. Correlation of particle density, infectivity, and RNA content of type 2 virus

Type 2 dengue virus was harvested from KB cell cultures. The infected culture medium was extracted with fluorocarbon, and virus particles were concentrated and purified by two cycles of centrifugation on layers of fluorocarbon (density 1.574 g/ml). Equilibrium density centrifugation in CsCl revealed two major hemagglutinating components of average densities 1.19 and 1.24. The 1.24 component contained 99% of the residual plaque-forming activity and occasionally could be further fractionated into two subcomponents. Partially purified, P32-labeled viral HA fractions of different densities were adsorbed on goose erythrocytes, and the virus-RBC complexes were subjected to chemical fractionation. The amounts of label associated with RNA decreased from the densest to the least dense samples and were directly proportional to the PFU titers. Most of the non-RNA label was accounted for in the phospholipid fraction.
ASTRE: Towards a Fully Automated Program Transformation System

Astre has achieved its initial goal: it is fully automatic for deforestation and two-loops fusion of functional programs. Other fully automatic algorithms for deforestation does not include two-loops fusion. They reject all deforestations that necessitate laws but Astre can perform most of them using additional synthesis. Moreover they do not extend easily to include laws or other strategies. The limitation of Astre is the termination obligation of the input rewrite system. Also Astre does not process easily a large amount of rules. The present prototype has been used so far up-to 500 rules input. At this size, it becomes intractable to perform all the syntheses. We plan to automatize derecursion tactical and automatic insertion of laws [3] in a near future.
Violent crimes and racial profiling: What the evidence suggests

Abstract This paper considers racial profiling as it pertains to violent crimes both as a criminal justice issue and as a mental health issue. It attempts to determine if violent crimes associated with the index of violent crimes are endemic to one or several specific demographic groups of the general population. Risk factors for specified violent crimes are hypothesized. It presents research involving regression analysis of data for the city of Chicago, Illinois. Chicago is used because of its recent history of being challenged by violent crimesleading the nation in homicides in the years 1998 and 2001 (ignoring deaths associated with September 11, 2001). Results indicate that the identified violent crimes in terms of prevalence are not endemic to a racial or ethnic group, given this sample. Apparently, the over representation of African Americans in prisons may be in part the results of biases in the criminal justice system. Recently, the state of Illinois and Cook County have been forced to reform judi...
Complexation thermodynamics of free and graft oligomers with complementary polymers

The dilute solution complexation equilibrium between linear macromolecules and smaller complementary oligomers is considered when: (1) the oligomers are free in solution; and (2) the oligomers are covalently attached at one end to the polymer. A general statistical mechanical framework is developed and is illustrated using a simple random walk model for polymer conformation. The statistical mechanical partition functions are formulated using a generating function technique, allowing thermodynamic averages in the complexed state to be calculated. Loops, trains, and tails of all possible length are allowed in the conformation of a complexed oligomer. Simulation results for the free oligomer case are compared with those obtained for oligomers covalently attached to the polymeric molecular. The model provides a theoretical explanation for the experimentally observed enhancement of complexation of oligomers grafted to the complementary polymers.
Role of open lung biopsy for diagnosis in pediatric lung transplant recipients: a twelve-year experience

rejection of all grades, 22 pts. (42%) were free from treatable rejection. Hospitalizations occurred at a rate of 3.2 2.5 per pt., although 3 pts. were never hospitalized. 23 pts. (44%) developed infections requiring hospitalization. At last evaluation, 36 pts. (69%) were receiving anti-hypertensives; mean creatinine was 1.4 1.6; 5 pts. required renal transplant. Neoplasms occurred in 11 pts. (21%) at 5.1 3.4 y post-transplant: 4 PTLD, 3 lymphoma, 4 other. Graft CAD occurred in 13 pts (25%) at 10.4 y (range 2.1–15.0 y). Re-transplantation was performed in 8 (15%), 6 for graft CAD, 2 for rejection. Of the 12 deaths, graft CAD was the most common cause (4) followed by non-specific late graft failure (3), infection (2) and rejection (1). Physical and social rehabilitation has been nearly 100%. In conclusion, pediatric heart transplantation is compatible with true long-term survival, with a growing cohort of children approaching their third decade. The gradual constant-phase decrease in survival noted in earlier studies appears to continue late after transplant. Rejection and infection are low but persistent risks after the first few years. Graft CAD and late graft dysfunction are the leading causes of death after 10 y. Rehabilitation is excellent.
Developmental expression of the homeodomain protein IDX-1 in mice transgenic for an IDX-1 promoter/lacZ transcriptional reporter.

Expression of the homeodomain transcription factor IDX-1 (also known as IPF-1, STF-1, and PDX-1) is required for pancreas development, because disruption of the gene in mice and humans results in pancreatic agenesis. During embryonic development the idx-1 gene is first expressed in a localized region of foregut endoderm from which the duodenum and pancreas later develop. To more fully understand the role of IDX-1 in pancreas development, transgenic mice expressing the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under control of the 5′-proximal 4.6 kb of the idx-1 promoter were created as a reporter for the developmental expression of IDX-1. Here we show that the determinants for the developmental and tissue-specific expression of the endogenous idx-1 gene are faithfully reproduced by the 4.6-kb region of the idx-1 promoter. Expression of lacZ is detected in the development of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas in pancreatic ducts, common bile and cystic ducts, pyloric glands of the distal stomach, Brunner’s glands, the i...
Basalt Breccias and Conglomerates in the Lower Jurassic McCoy Brook Formation, Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia: Differentiation of Talus and Debris-Flow Deposits

ABSTRACT Basalt talus breccias and debris-flow conglomerates are interbedded with terrestrial redbeds in the Lower Jurassic McCoy Brook Formation in the synrift Fundy basin. The redbeds formed in a semiarid to arid climate in alluvial-fan, eolian, fluvial, playa, and lacustrine environments. The basalt talus breccias formed adjacent to cliffs of North Mountain Basalt produced by synsedimentary faulting on the northern side of the basin. The breccias lack bedding planes, contain basalt boulders up to 8 m in length, and are interstratified with fluvial, playa, eolian, and lacustrine sandstones and mudstones. At Wasson Bluff, 24 m of talus breccia with a matrix of sandy mud comprise a sequence that is matrix-supported at the base and rapidly grades upward to the typical clast-supported fabric. The matrix of clast-supported breccia locally contains horizontal to inclined sandy gravel layers and, in a few places, abundant bones of small reptiles that lived within the talus, indicating that matrix infiltrated open spaces around the boulders. A slope of 34° to the southeast f the paleosurface of the talus is inferred from the orientations of the lower surfaces of discoidal, and plate-shaped boulders. The basalt debris-flow conglomerates total 21 m in thickness and comprise 51 beds. Some beds are separated by centimeter-scale sandstone layers deposited by streamflows. The conglomerates have a sandy-mud matrix and a fabric that varies from matrix-supported to clast-supported. The mean orientation of discoidal clasts is subhorizontal, with substantial scatter of individual clasts. The base of each flow is non-erosional, and many boulder project above flow surfaces. We attribute the debris flows to remobilization of debris during heavy rainstorms in the semiarid to arid climate.
Unsteady‐State Method of Measuring Thermal Diffusivity and Biot's Modulus for Alumina Between 1500° and 1800°C.

An unsteady-state method was employed for measuring values of Biot's modulus and the thermal diffusivity of pure dense alumina in the temperature range 1500° to 1800°C. Limits were established for the possible range of values of diffusivity, and corresponding values of thermal conductivity were calculated.
Psychiatric Consultation in Problem Employee Situations

This article focuses on psychiatric consultation in "problem employee situations," a broad term that refers to any situation in which there is conflict between an employee and the employer or coworkers. It summarizes key principles and observations that are common to psychiatric consultations in the workplace and then offers case examples that are representative of such consultations and highlights those principles. Although the focus is on psychiatric consultation to employers, an employee may seek consultation himself or herself, especially when prospects for adversarial proceedings arise. The principles described here apply in both sets of circumstances.
The dielectric-filled parabola: a new millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end

A design is presented for a semi-integrated millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end incorporating a planar antenna and a solid-state device in an efficient feed structure which can be matched directly to high f-number optical systems. The feed system combines the simplicity and robustness of a dielectric substrate lens with the high gain of a parabolic reflector in a single structure that is termed a dielectric-filled parabola. The same fundamental unit can be configured as either a heterodyne or direct detection mode receiver, a power transmitter or a frequency multiplier by changing out the solid-state device and/or the integrated antenna. The structure can also be used with a small integrated antenna array in a multibeam or imaging arrangement. Design and fabrication details for the feed system are given. These are followed by beam pattern and impedance measurements taken on a microwave model when dipole, bow-tie, log-periodic, and log-spiral antennas are used as the integrated feed elements. >
Lung Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome. I. Site-Specific Defects in the Electron Transport Chain

The main objectives of this study were to determine a) site-specific defects in the electron transport chain of lung mitochondria of broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), b) if these defects are attenuated by high dietary vitamin E, and c) if these defects have a genetic basis. In Experiment 1, lung mitochondria were isolated from broilers with and without PHS fed diets containing 15 IU and 100 IU dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg (VE); the four treatments were control, VE, PHS, and VE-PHS, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in isolated lung mitochondria was monitored by dichlorofluorosein (DCF) fluorescence in response to chemicals that inhibit electron flow at specific sites on the electron transport chain using a 96-well microplate with Cytoflour (excitation/emission 480/530 nm). Basal H2O2 production was higher in PHS than in control mitochondria. Differences in H2O2 production between control and PHS were magnified by inhibition of Complexes I and III (Coenzyme Q) of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Functional defects in PHS mitochondria were attenuated by high dietary VE. In Experiment 2, basal H2O2 production and that following inhibition of Complexes I and III were lower in lung mitochondria isolated from broilers selected for genetic resistance to PHS than in nonselected birds in the base population. The results of this study indicate that site-specific defects in Complexes I and III may underlie lung mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers with PHS, that these defects are attenuated by high dietary vitamin E, and that these defects may be related to genetic predisposition to PHS.
Suppression of Immunoglobulin Synthesis by Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients With Crohn's Disease

In previous studies, patients with mild or inactive Crohn's disease were found to have increased suppressor T-cell activity. To further characterize suppressor T cells in Crohn's disease, studies were carried out with the use of monoclonal antibodies. Excessive suppressor activity was eliminated by removal of OKT 8+ lymphocytes by complementmediated lysis. However, the percentage of OKT 8+ (or Leu 2a+) cells and the ratio of OKT 4+ to OKT 8+ (or Leu 3a+ to Leu 2a+) cells were not significantly different from normal. Although the subgroup of patients with increased suppression of Immunoglobulin synthesis had a significantly lower mean Leu 3a to Leu 2a ratio than that of normal subjects, in the whole group of Crohn's patients studied, neither the percentage of Leu 2a+ cells nor the ratio of Leu 3a+ to Leu 2a+ cells correlated with excessive suppression of Immunoglobulin synthesis. A subpopulation of Leu 2a+ lymphocytes reactive with the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu 2a+HNK-1+) was increased in patients with Crohn's disease. Furthermore, elimination of HNK-1-reactive lymphocytes by complement-mediated lysis diminished the excessive suppressor cell function in patients with Crohn's disease. The percentage of Leu 2a+HNK-1 + lymphocytes correlated significantly with the suppression of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated Immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. Thus, patients with mild Crohn's disease have an increased suppressor cell activity in vitro which correlates with the presence of a subset of lymphocytes that have an HNK-1 +Leu2a+ phenotype.
Institutional experience with laparoscopic partial splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis

Abstract Background/Purpose Moderate to severe hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is treated with splenectomy. However, total splenectomy leads to decreased immunologic function with the risk of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. Splenic preservation is postulated as a method to avoid this potentially fatal complication. Although mainly performed through laparotomy, we report our experience with a laparoscopic approach to partial splenectomy for HS. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 9 laparoscopic partial splenectomies performed for HS at our institution. Follow-up was from 1 to 3.5 years. Data included preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, absolute reticulocyte count, splenic size, operative time, complications, and length of stay. Results All patients successfully underwent laparoscopic partial splenectomy with a radiologically determined upper-pole remnant of 10% to 30% and preservation of the blood supply through the upper short gastric arteries. The mean preoperative spleen length was 13 cm. Mean hospital stay was 3.6 days (range, 1-6 days). There was 1 intraoperative complication (a small bowel tear during spleen extraction) and 2 minor postoperative complications (ileus and wound infection). One patient underwent completion total splenectomy 2 years after partial splenectomy. Conclusion Laparoscopic partial splenectomy is a feasible and effective procedure that addresses the hematologic consequences of HS while retaining a portion of functional spleen, in addition to conferring the advantages of laparoscopy.
Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Risk Factors Among Educated Women in Lomé, Togo: Half-Truths and Misconceptions

Cervical cancer, a highly preventable form of cancer, is mostly common among women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed what Togolese educated women know about cervical cancer and the accuracy of their knowledge. It also examined the factors that correlate with accurate knowledge among the women. This study, like its previous ones, pointed out the lack of accurate knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors among educated women in Togo. However, unlike the earlier studies, it showed the beliefs and thoughts of educated women with regard to cervical cancer knowledge and explained some of the inaccuracies of the beliefs. It also showed the necessity of educating Togolese women, even the educated ones, about cervical cancer and its risk factors as these women hold inaccurate knowledge about the disease. Ideally, screening for cervical cancer is the primary means to control it. However, in an environment where screening is not readily available and accessible, knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors may aid women to change behaviors that put them at risk. Although health officials may have their own priorities, it is very important to know that cervical cancer is a public health issue, which could be curbed.
Extending the Black-Scholes-Merton Model to Value Employee Stock Options

This article develops an operationally useful contingent-claims model for valuing employee stock options (ESOs) that takes into account ESO vesting requirements, transfer restrictions, early exercise, and forfeiture. I extend the familiar Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model, which most firms use to value their ESOs. I treat the ESOs as a portfolio of European options with a representative set of discrete exercise dates between vesting and expiration, and model ESO exercise and forfeiture rates as meanreverting stochastic processes. The article furnishes ESO exercise and forfeiture data from 17 firms covering 156 separate ESO grants between 1981 and 2002 totaling more than 1.27 billion ESOs to identify the patterns of ESO exercise and forfeiture behavior. I show how to use historical data to calibrate my model. I compare the values obtained from my model to those from a trinomial lattice model and show that the two models provide consistent valuations. I explain how to use my model to calculate the cost of ESOs for financial reporting purposes.
Execution Quality on the NYSE: The Effect of Time Delay

The quality of executions on the NYSE is analyzed on the basis of monthly summary data submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Rule 11Ac1-5 (Dash 5) for the period June, 2001 to July, 2005. Execution costs as measured by the effective spread have declined, yet trading delays and trades outside the quotes at time of order entry are frequent. Time delay in executing trades is associated with deterioration of execution quality rather than price improvement.
Cauchy Sequences and Function Rings

(1981). Cauchy Sequences and Function Rings. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 9, pp. 700-701.
Dynamics of connexin43 phosphorylation in pp60v-src-transformed cells

Connexin43 phosphorylation was analysed in non-transformed and pp60v-src-transformed Rat-1 fibroblasts. Connexin43 appeared to be the primary connexin expressed in these cells. Although gap-junctional communication was disrupted in pp60v-src-transformed cells, they contained more connexin43 protein and RNA than their non-transformed counterpart. Connexin43 was phosphorylated within minutes of its synthesis in both cell types and appeared to be degraded while in the phosphorylated state. Phosphopeptide and phosphoamino acid analyses suggested that connexin43 in both cell types contained at least five fragments with serine phosphorylation. The major difference in connexin43 phosphorylation between the pp60v-src-transformed and non-transformed cells was that, whereas approx. 70% of the phosphorylated connexin43 in the former contained phosphotyrosine, this phosphoamino acid was not detected in connexin43 isolated from the latter cells. These data support the hypothesis that phosphorylation of connexin43 on tyrosine is critical for the blockade of gap-junctional communication which occurs concomitantly with transformation by the pp60v-src oncogene.
A compact and high quality factor Archimedean coil geometry for wireless power transfer

A compact, magnetically coupled wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) planar Archimedean coil (PAC) geometry is presented. This PAC geometry combines conventional planar aligned and anti-aligned coils in a single Archimedean layout, resulting in a quality factor (Q) twice that of a conventional coil. The PAC WPT system demonstrates a measured power transfer efficiency (PTE) that is improved from 15% to 35%. Moreover, with the use of the Archimedean coil geometry, the WPT system exhibits a higher PTE over a wider range of frequencies. This compact PAC geometry is 10% smaller in size than its conventional counterparts, and maintains a larger PTE with lateral coil misalignment.
Mechanism of redistribution of cerebral blood flow during hypercarbia and seizures

After occlusion of an artery to the brain, hypercarbia and seizures may produce a paradoxical reduction in cerebral blood flow to the region supplied by collateral vessels. We measured pressure in an occluded branch of the middle cerebral artery and measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to collateral-dependent cerebrum in dogs (n = 25) to examine hemodynamic mechanisms that account for the reduction in flow. During hypercarbia (arterial PCO2 = 70 +/- 5 mmHg), rCBF to collateral-dependent cerebrum, measured with microspheres and identified using the shadow flow technique, decreased from 95 +/- 6 (mean +/- SE) to 71 +/- 9 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P < 0.05), while flow to normal brain increased from 105 +/- 9 to 281 +/- 15 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P < 0.05). Pressure in a branch of the middle cerebral artery decreased during hypercarbia from 50 +/- 6 to 25 +/- 3 mmHg (P < 0.05), concurrent with a significant increase in resistance of collateral vessels. Small vessel resistance was the same in collateral-dependent and normal brain. During bicuculline-induced seizures, with blood pressure maintained at control levels by withdrawal of blood, rCBF decreased in collateral-dependent cerebrum from 128 +/- 16 to 67 +/- 11 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P < 0.05), and flow to normal brain increased from 169 +/- 14 to 418 +/- 17 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (P < 0.05). Small vessel resistance decreased in both regions, but the decrease was much greater in normal cerebrum. Changes in cerebral artery pressure and resistance of collateral vessels during seizure were similar to those during hypercarbia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facile, Economic and Size-Tunable Synthesis of Metal Arsenide Nanocrystals

Synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals (NC) of important arsenide nanomaterials (e.g., InAs, Cd3As2) has been limited by the lack of convenient arsenic precursors. Here we address this constraint by identifying a convenient and commercially available As precursor, tris-dimethylaminoarsine (As(NMe2)3), which can be used to prepare high quality InAs NCs with controlled size distributions. Our approach employs a reaction between InCl3 and As(NMe2)3 using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) to convert As(NMe2)3 in situ into reactive intermediates AsHx(NMe2)3–x, where x = 1,2,3. NC size can be varied by changing DIBAL-H concentration and growth temperature, with colloidal solutions of InAs showing size dependent absorption and emission features tunable across wavelengths of 750 to 1450 nm. We also show that this approach works well for the colloidal synthesis of Cd3As2 NCs. By circumventing the preparation of notoriously unstable and dangerous arsenic precursors (e.g., AsH3 and As(SiMe3)3), this work improves th...
Case Study Two

During her semester of tweeting as a course requirement, Marina tweeted a total of 29 times. Twenty-one of those tweets included the course hashtag and four to the course hashtag were retweets. Her tweets were evenly divided between course-specific activities such as sharing the name of a scholar in her area of interest and posting humorous images, gifs, or thoughts about student teaching such as “I’m so old now,” or “gotta love using popular songs to teach grammar.” In her black and white profile picture, she smiled at the camera and wore a scarf, blouse, and dress pants.
Hedgehog and retinoid signaling alters multiple myeloma microenvironment and generates bortezomib resistance

Interactions between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the BM microenvironment play a critical role in bortezomib (BTZ) resistance. However, the mechanisms involved in these interactions are not completely understood. We previously showed that expression of CYP26 in BM stromal cells maintains a retinoic acid-low (RA-low) microenvironment that prevents the differentiation of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Since a low secretory B cell phenotype is associated with BTZ resistance in MM and retinoid signaling promotes plasma cell differentiation and Ig production, we investigated whether stromal expression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP26 modulates BTZ sensitivity in the BM niche. CYP26-mediated inactivation of RA within the BM microenvironment prevented plasma cell differentiation and promoted a B cell-like, BTZ-resistant phenotype in human MM cells that were cocultured on BM stroma. Moreover, paracrine Hedgehog secretion by MM cells upregulated stromal CYP26 and further reinforced a protective microenvironment. These results suggest that crosstalk between Hedgehog and retinoid signaling modulates BTZ sensitivity in the BM niche. Targeting these pathological interactions holds promise for eliminating minimal residual disease in MM.
Generating disease-pertinent treatment vocabularies from MEDLINE citations

Display Omitted Biomedical literature is a useful source for disease-specific medical knowledge.A method is proposed for automated retrieving disease-specific treatments.Our approach achieved a precision of 0.80 at top 100 treatment concepts.Our approach outperformed two baseline approaches.No significant difference on the precision of top 100 among four ranks. ObjectiveHealthcare communities have identified a significant need for disease-specific information. Disease-specific ontologies are useful in assisting the retrieval of disease-relevant information from various sources. However, building these ontologies is labor intensive. Our goal is to develop a system for an automated generation of disease-pertinent concepts from a popular knowledge resource for the building of disease-specific ontologies. MethodsA pipeline system was developed with an initial focus of generating disease-specific treatment vocabularies. It was comprised of the components of disease-specific citation retrieval, predication extraction, treatment predication extraction, treatment concept extraction, and relevance ranking. A semantic schema was developed to support the extraction of treatment predications and concepts. Four ranking approaches (i.e., occurrence, interest, degree centrality, and weighted degree centrality) were proposed to measure the relevance of treatment concepts to the disease of interest. We measured the performance of four ranks in terms of the mean precision at the top 100 concepts with five diseases, as well as the precision-recall curves against two reference vocabularies. The performance of the system was also compared to two baseline approaches. ResultsThe pipeline system achieved a mean precision of 0.80 for the top 100 concepts with the ranking by interest. There were no significant different among the four ranks (p=0.53). However, the pipeline-based system had significantly better performance than the two baselines. ConclusionsThe pipeline system can be useful for an automated generation of disease-relevant treatment concepts from the biomedical literature.
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy of men in the United States. Small-cell carcinoma (SCC), which typically presents as an aggressive lung malignancy, is a rare diagnosis within the setting of prostate cancer pathology. Due to its limited prevalence, little information regarding the treatment and prognosis of this disease in large populations is available. To date our current knowledge base is largely limited to case reports and retrospective case reviews. The mainstay of treatment for this particular histology most often involves a multimodality approach utilizing chemotherapy in conjunction with radiation therapy, androgen deprivation therapy, or prostatectomy. Here we present the case of an elderly 89- year-old Caucasian male who was diagnosed with SCC of the prostate. Despite proceeding with a course of definitive radiotherapy, the patient experienced rapid progression of disease and ultimately elected to discontinue radiation therapy and receive hospice care.
Language around Brexit.

Gudrun Ravetz, the BVA President, comments: Brexit is a politically charged topic that will have a significant impact on our members, which is why our first call following the referendum was to ask the Government to protect the status of EU veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses who are currently living and working in the UK in the …
Effects of metallic coatings on the thermal sensitivity of optical fiber sensors at cryogenic temperatures

One promising new application for optical fiber sensors is in monitoring superconducting magnets that are, inevitably, operated at cryogenic temperatures. The cryogenic thermal sensitivity of commercially available optical fibers is depressed by the low coefficient of thermal expansion of the constituent materials. Here, single mode, telecommunication-grade optical fibers are coated with different metals to alter their sensitivity to thermal perturbation at temperatures as low as 4.2 K. Commercially available fibers with acrylate coating are compared to fibers with only metallic coatings and those with acrylate-metal composite coatings, in terms of their sensitivity to thermal perturbations in the temperature range from 4.2 to 61 K. The metals considered include Sn, PbSnAg and InBi, both on cladding and on an acrylate primary coating. Results show that the 4.2 K thermal sensitivity can be enhanced significantly by a composite coating approach.
Inspecting the Effects of Organic Content on Compaction and Consolidation Characteristics of Organic Soil Models

The main objective of this study is to investigate the behavior of different organic soils percentages under consolidation and compaction. For this purpose, a model of organic soil samples made by the use of leaves of the Eucalyptus tree as an organic matter and then mixed with inorganic silty clay soil taken from a specific district in Baghdad city at three levels (0% as mineral soil, 20% as organic soil, and 40% as highly organic soil or peat by dry weight). The reason of make such models was that because there is no natural organic soils in Iraq with the needed percentages. The physical and the engineering properties of the mixtures where determined by conducting a series of laboratory tests including Atterberg limits, compaction, and consolidation tests. The chemical properties of the mixture where determined by the chemical composition and the pH tests. The results showed that the Atterberg limits (liquid limit L.L. and plastic limit P.L.) are increased with the increase of the organic content (O.C.), while the plasticity index (P.I.) is decreased at (20%, O.C.) then increased slightly at (40%, O.C.). The maximum dry density (M.D.D.) decreased with the increase of the organic content, while the optimum water content (O.W.C.) increased with the increase of the organic content and this concerned with compaction characteristics. Compressibility characteristics showed that the increase in the organic content made a clear increase in the whole compressibility parameters (compression index Cc, coefficient of consolidation Cv, and secondary compression index Cα).
The U6 snRNA m6A Methyltransferase METTL16 Regulates SAM Synthetase Intron Retention

Maintenance of proper levels of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is critical for a wide variety of biological processes. We demonstrate that the N6-adenosine methyltransferase METTL16 regulates expression of human MAT2A, which encodes the SAM synthetase expressed in most cells. Upon SAM depletion by methionine starvation, cells induce MAT2A expression by enhanced splicing of a retained intron. Induction requires METTL16 and its methylation substrate, a vertebrate conserved hairpin (hp1) in the MAT2A 3' UTR. Increasing METTL16 occupancy on the MAT2A 3' UTR is sufficient to induce efficient splicing. We propose that, under SAM-limiting conditions, METTL16 occupancy on hp1 increases due to inefficient enzymatic turnover, which promotes MAT2A splicing. We further show that METTL16 is the long-unknown methyltransferase for the U6 spliceosomal small nuclear RNA (snRNA). These observations suggest that the conserved U6 snRNA methyltransferase evolved an additional function in vertebrates to regulate SAM homeostasis.
Power scaling and experimentally fitted model for broad area quantum cascade lasers in continuous wave operation

Experimental and model results for 15-stage broad area quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are presented. Continuous wave (CW) power scaling from 1.62 to 2.34 W has been experimentally demonstrated for 3.15-mm long, high reflection-coated QCLs for an active region width increased from 10 to 20 μm. A semiempirical model for broad area devices operating in CW mode is presented. The model uses measured pulsed transparency current, injection efficiency, waveguide losses, and differential gain as input parameters. It also takes into account active region self-heating and sublinearity of pulsed power versus current laser characteristic. The model predicts that an 11% improvement in maximum CW power and increased wall-plug efficiency can be achieved from 3.15 mm×25 μm devices with 21 stages of the same design, but half doping in the active region. For a 16-stage design with a reduced stage thickness of 300 A, pulsed rollover current density of 6 kA/cm2, and InGaAs waveguide layers, an optical power increase of 41% is projected. Finally, the model projects that power level can be increased to ∼4.5 W from 3.15 mm×31 μm devices with the baseline configuration with T0 increased from 140 K for the present design to 250 K.
G159(P) Cerebral infarction in paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis

Aims/Introduction Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Cerebral complications affect 0.3%–1% of patients with DKA and cerebral infarction or haemorrhage is thought to account for 10% of these. There is little published evidence on cerebral infarction in children with DKA. Here we present a rare case of a 4 year old girl who presented with a new diagnosis of T1DM in severe DKA with subsequent development of cerebral infarction. Method/Description of case A 4 year old girl presented with decreased appetite, polyuria, polydipsia, drowsiness and weight loss to our tertiary paediatric hospital. On arrival her GCS was 10–12, blood gas showed a pH 6.82, base deficit 31, blood glucose 20 mmol/L and ketones 4.6 mmol/L. Diagnosis of severe DKA was made and managed according to ISPAD guidelines. Total fluid boluses of 20 ml/kg were given due to prolonged capillary refill. Following initial resuscitation IV mannitol was administered due to concerns regarding possible cerebral oedema with support from PICU. The patient showed good clinical and biochemical improvement over the next 48 hours and was planned for conversion onto subcutaneous insulin. However subsequently there was a gradual deterioration of renal function. On day 3 acute kidney injury stage 3 was diagnosed and she began to develop right arm weakness through the morning, suddenly becoming floppy and unresponsive in the afternoon. Urgent MRI head showed a left peripheral cerebral artery occlusion and ischaemia in the left posterior lobe. Management involving paediatric nephrologist and neurologist was conservative and with intensive rehabilitation she showed good improvement. Following a 3 week admission she was able to walk unaided and discharged home on insulin pump therapy with follow up with Neurology, Renal and Diabetes teams. Result Acute cerebral infarction following an episode of severe DKA, improved with supportive management. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of awareness of the rare risk of cerebral infarction in severe DKA. Patients recovering from DKA should be closely monitored neurologically and if any deterioration occur an urgent brain scan should be carried out with early involvement of a tertiary paediatric neurological team.
Telebehavioral Health, Telemental Health, e-Therapy and e-Health Competencies: the Need for an Interprofessional Framework

Telebehavioral health (TBH) in the form of synchronous video is effective, well received and a standard way to practice. Current guidelines and policies discuss the importance of good clinical, technical, and administrative components to care. A review of the TBH evidence-based literature across psychiatry/medicine, psychology, social work, counseling, marriage/family, behavioral analysis, and other behavioral sciences found no common TBH competencies across disciplines. The scope of professional guidelines and standards about technology are broad (e.g., practice of telepsychology; Internet and social media use in social work practice), to mid-range (e.g., American Telemedicine (ATA), American Counseling Association (ACA)), to narrow (e.g., preliminary “guidelines” for asynchronous communication such as e-mail and texts). There is only one set of competencies for telepsychiatry, which discusses skills, training and evaluation. These competencies suggested (1) novice/advanced beginner, competent/proficient, and expert levels; (2) domains of patient care, communications, system-based practice, professionalism, practice-based improvement, knowledge and technological know-how; and (3) pedagogical methods to teach and evaluate skills. Revisions to this framework and technology-specific competencies with additional domains may be needed. A challenge to competencies across disciplines may be finding consensus, due to varying scopes of practice, training differences and faculty development priorities. Disciplines and organizations involved with TBH need to consider certification/accreditation and ensure quality care.
The syntax of liketa

In this article I provide a syntactic analysis for the non-standard liketa and its uncontracted counterpart liked to in Appalachian English. I argue that both forms are verbal and are related via restructuring, following similar analyses of wanna contraction. However, liketa is different from wanna in that it places unique aspectual restrictions on its complements. Specifically, it requires that the verb appearing immediately to the right be marked with past participle morphology for felicitous interpretation. A comparison of liketa and liked to reveals that both are verbal and liketa has many hallmark properties of restructuring predicates. In fact, it shares many properties with wanna contraction, an example of restructuring in English. I analyze liketa in the spirit of Wurmbrand (2001) who provides a mono-clausal approach to restructuring. I consider dialect variation among grammars which allow slightly different syntactic constraints on the usage of liketa. Finally, I sketch out an alternative bi-clausal restructuring account in order to compare the consequences of two prominent theories of restructuring verbs.
Psychotropic Medication Use Among Adults With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder in the United States

Objective:The authors examined the use of different classes of psychotropic medication in outpatient treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.Methods:Data from the United States Medi...
Advancements in Diagnostics with Glaucomatous and Other Optic Neuropathies

The goal of this article is to present updates to the physician with the latest developments in diagnosing and monitoring optic nerve diseases. Possible changes to clinical practice regarding these advancements are also explored. There has been substantial progress in research and clinical practice regarding diagnostic capabilities for optic neuropathies. Optical coherence tomographic angiography may soon have a particularly strong impact on transforming the way glaucomatous optic neuropathy is routinely evaluated. Multiple developments have also occurred regarding assessment of optic nerve structure via optical coherence tomography, functional testing with visual fields, neuroimaging, and laboratory investigation for a variety of optic neuropathies. New and basic clinical techniques for approaching uncommon optic nerve disease entities are also described. Assessing optic neuropathies can be clinically challenging. The availability of a multitude of new approaches and diagnostics may assist the physician with more accurate diagnosis and monitoring capabilities.
Analysis of a compressive shear test for adhesion between elastomeric polymers and rigid substrates

A compressive shear test for investigating adhesion between an elastomeric polymer and a rigid substrate has been studied. The test consists of loading a specimen comprising of a 3-ply laminate: substrate/polymer/ substrate, in compression and shear at a specified angle to the loading direction. Under displacement control and when adhesion is sufficiently low, an interfacial crack nucleates at one interface early during loading and propagates stably up to a critical load at which unstable propagation with an associated load drop ensues. The case of an isothennal hyperelastic material has been analyzed by computing the energy release rate for an interfacial crack as a function of crack length. The analysis shows that for a range of initial crack size interfacial crack propagation is stable until crack length reaches a critical size at which unstable propagation ensues. The energy release rate at this instability is relatively insensitive to angle of loading, strain, and hyperelastic parameters, which allows one to extract an interfacial toughness, Γ0, from overall measurement of stress and strain. The analysis has been extended to consider combined hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity by using a cohesive zone model for crack propagation implemented as a cohesive finite element. The energy release rate and cohesive zone analyses give identical results for an hyperelastic material. For a viscoelastic-hyperelastic material, the cohesive zone approach allows the viscous losses in the bulk polymer to be estimated separately from the value of interfacial fracture toughness. Both analyses have been applied to experiments on glass/polyvinyl butyral (Butacite®)/glass laminate specimens. The ‘intrinsic’ interfacial toughness, consisting of contributions from bond rupture and a near-tip process zone, is found to be rate-dependent and lies in the range 50–200 J m−2.
Visualizing the Increasing Effect of Racial Resentment on Political Ideology among Whites, 1986 to 2016:

The author constructs an over-time coefficient plot to allow visualized evaluation of the role played by indicators of racial resentment on political ideology among Whites since 1986. The visualiza...
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Lymph Node Metastasis: Risk Factors and Clinical Course.

BACKGROUNDThe single most important prognostic indicator for mortality in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the development of nodal metastasis (NM).OBJECTIVETo characterize the risk factors for and clinical course of cutaneous SCC with NM.METHODSTen-year retrospective cohort
Virtual school nurse and EMS online and learning project (VSNEMS).

Available online at: http://hsc.unm.edu/emermed/PED/school_rn/school_rn.shtml.Modules may be viewed for free.Nursing CEUs may be obtained for a fee of $4.00 per contact hourSupported by HRSA, Grant...
Glide of threading dislocations in (In)AlGaAs on Si induced by carrier recombination: Characteristics, mitigation, and filtering

III-V optoelectronics grown epitaxially on Si substrates have large networks of dislocations due to a lattice constant mismatch between the device layers and the substrate. Recombination-enhanced dislocation glide (REDG) allows these dislocations to move and increase in length during device operation, which degrades performance. In this paper, we study REDG dynamics of threading dislocations in situ in (In)AlGaAs double heterostructures grown on Si substrates using scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence. The driving force for REDG arises due to the coefficient of thermal expansion differences between Si and the III-V layers leading to large residual strains in the films. Tracking of threading dislocations as moving dark spot defects reveals glide characteristics that vary based on the nature of the dislocation. Remarkably, the alloying of a few atom percent of indium using metamorphic structures arrests threading dislocation glide by more than two orders of magnitude. Finally, we present REDG-based filtering as a pathway to reducing the threading dislocation density in select areas, removing a large fraction of the mobile dislocations. Together, these techniques will enable the understanding of dislocation–dislocation and carrier–dislocation interactions that have so far remained elusive during device operation, leading to reliable III-V integrated optoelectronics on silicon.III-V optoelectronics grown epitaxially on Si substrates have large networks of dislocations due to a lattice constant mismatch between the device layers and the substrate. Recombination-enhanced dislocation glide (REDG) allows these dislocations to move and increase in length during device operation, which degrades performance. In this paper, we study REDG dynamics of threading dislocations in situ in (In)AlGaAs double heterostructures grown on Si substrates using scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence. The driving force for REDG arises due to the coefficient of thermal expansion differences between Si and the III-V layers leading to large residual strains in the films. Tracking of threading dislocations as moving dark spot defects reveals glide characteristics that vary based on the nature of the dislocation. Remarkably, the alloying of a few atom percent of indium using metamorphic structures arrests threading dislocation glide by more than two orders of magnitude. Finally, we present REDG-ba...
Record-Setting Sorbents for Reversible Water Uptake by Systematic Anion Exchanges in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The reversible capture of water vapor at low humidity can enable transformative applications such as atmospheric water harvesting and heat transfer that uses water as a refrigerant, replacing envir...
Mimicking Antenna Near-Field Measurements using Full Wave Solvers For Error Characterization

The advent of modern CAD simulation suites enable full-wave solutions of many complex antenna designs. Apart from aiding the design of advanced antennas, it can also enable engineers to characterize errors that occur during antenna measurements, which is the focus of this work. A planar-near field measurement process is mimicked in FEKO by modeling an antenna under test (AUT) and a probe, and recording the S 21 between them at various points on the scan plane. Data corresponding to both the copolarized and cross polarized directions of the probe are recorded and Fourier transformed to get the far-fields. As a representative example of using full wave solvers to characterize near-field measurement errors, we assess the impact of probe radiation pattern on the measured far-fields of the AUT, which is a critical aspect for measurements.