cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyponatremia Following High-Volume D5W Hydrodissection During Thermal Ablation

To the Editor, During percutaneous thermal ablation such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA), a variety of protective maneuvers that include patient repositioning, hydrodissection, gas insufflation, balloon interposition, and applicator torquing have been employed to separate the lesion of interest from surrounding organs. Hydrodissection, typically the instillation of 5 % dextrose in water (D5W) or another non-ionic fluid, has been shown to impart effective organ separation while permitting CT, ultrasound, and MRI guidance for ablation [1]. In clinical practice, high volumes of hydrodissection fluid are sometimes necessary to establish satisfactory interposition between the organs of interest secondary to tightly packed organs or fascial planes as well as free communication with the peritoneal cavity. Although D5W is isosmolar and is thought to be less likely to cause dilutional electrolyte abnormalities compared to sterile water [2], deleterious effects of very high-volume D5W instillation do occur. The present report describes a case in which profound electrolyte abnormalities were observed in a patient following hepatic MWA that employed high-volume D5W hydrodissection in order to protect the heart and stomach, which had been intimately touching the target liver lesion. A 64-year-old female with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma underwent MWA of two large metastatic liver lesions (Fig. 1). During the procedure, 5 % dextrose in water was infused to separate the liver tumor from the heart and from the stomach (Figs. 2, 3). Of note, adequate protective distraction of the lesion and heart was not attained until a total of 6500 mL of D5W were instilled. Following successful ablation, 3700 mL of the hydrodissection fluid was aspirated, for a net fluid retention of ?2800 mL. Initial (30-min) post-procedural serum sodium concentration was 121 mEq/L compared to the pre-procedural concentration of 142 mEq/L. The patient subsequently received continuous normal saline (NS) infusion at 125 mL/h [2 mL/(kg h)]; her serum sodium concentration was corrected to 135 mEq/ L in approximately 11 h. During and following the normalization of the patient’s electrolytes, no neurologic deficits such as speech disturbance, motor impairment, and altered consciousness that may be precipitated by rapid serum sodium correction [3] were observed on this patient’s hospital stay or on follow-up 14 days after discharge. The hydrodissection technique, also known as artificial ascites, has been in practice for over a decade [4]. A nonionic, roughly isosmotic (252 mosmol/L) solution, D5W has been suggested as an ideal protective fluid for abdominal infusion prior to thermal ablation [2]. In contrast, the instillation of water, a hyposmotic fluid, is thought to be more prone than D5W to precipitate & Liwei Jiang jiangl.mail@gmail.com
Phosphorylation of heart phosphofructokinase by Ca2+calmodulin protein kinase

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) from sheep heart was shown to be phosphorylated by Ca2+/calmodulin protein kinase (CaM-kinase) as well as by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). HPLC analysis of phosphorylated PFK indicated that phosphorylation by CaM-kinase occurs at least at two sites that are distinct from those recognized by PKA. Phosphorylation by either CaM-kinase of PKA resulted in an increase in sensitivity to ATP inhibition and a small but consistent decrease in Ki for ATP. Phosphorylation by either protein kinase caused a slight increase in the Km of PFK for fructose-6-P. Protein kinase C failed to phosphorylate PFK. Combinations of PKA, CaM-kinase and protein kinase C did not alter the stoichiometry of phosphorylation and did not change the effect on enzyme activity.
Hotel Housekeeping Work Influences on Hypertension Management

Background Characteristics of hotel housekeeping work increase the risk for hypertension development. Little is known about the influences of such work on hypertension management. Methods For this qualitative study, 27 Haitian immigrant hotel housekeepers from Miami-Dade County, FL were interviewed. Interview transcripts were analyzed with the assistance of the Atlas.ti software for code and theme identification. Results Influencesofhotelhousekeepingworkonhypertensionmanagementarosebothat the individual and system levels. Factors at the individual level included co-worker dynamics and maintenance of transmigrant life. Factors at the system level included supervisory support, workload, work pace, and work hiring practices. No positive influences were reported for workload and hiring practices. Conclusions Workplace interventions may be beneficial for effective hypertension management among hotel housekeepers. These work influences must be considered when determining effective methods for hypertension management among hotel housekeepers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 9999:1–12. 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ligation: Theory and Practice

Adenosine triphosphate and NAD+-dependent DNA ligases catalyse the formation of phosphodiester bonds between juxtaposed 3′-hydroxyl group and 5′ phosphate termini in duplex DNA. Ligase chain reaction, which utilizes a thermostable ligase to both amplify DNA and discriminate a single-base substitution in target DNA, is a powerful in vitro method that complements polymerase chain reaction that has revolutionized DNA diagnostics. Keywords: DNA ligases; recombinant DNA; ligase chain reaction; mammalian ligases
New heteroaromatic compounds—XIII: Reactions of 10-substituted 9-ethoxycarbonyl-10:9-Borazarophenanthrenes

Abstract 10-Ethoxycarbonyl derivatives of 10:9-borazarophenanthrenes have been prepared by reaction of the 10-lithio derivatives with ethyl chloroformate. Unlike the parent compounds they are rapidly oxidized by air to products in which the BN bond is broken. These reactions suggest that the stability of the present compounds to oxidation and hydrolysis must be due to resonance stabilization. A measurement of the dipole moment of 10-methyl-10:9-borazarophenanthrene by Professor R. Huisgen and his collaborators is reported.
Approximating Decision Trees with Multiway Branches

We consider the problem of constructing decision trees for entity identification from a given table. The input is a table containing information about a set of entities over a fixed set of attributes. The goal is to construct a decision tree that identifies each entity unambiguously by testing the attribute values such that the average number of tests is minimized. The previously best known approximation ratio for this problem was O (log2 N ). In this paper, we present a new greedy heuristic that yields an improved approximation ratio of O (logN ).
Experimentally Reversed Pulmonary Blood Flow: Implications for the Surgical Management of Complex Forms of Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract Blood flow to the right lung was reversed in 28 dogs, 14 of which survived more than 1 month. Four successful long-term survivors (1 year to 4 years 7 months) were repeatedly studied by cardiac catheterization, angiography, and ventilation/perfusion scans as well as hemodynamically when they were killed. Hemodynamics and gas transfer were normal up to 4½ years after the procedure, and the histology of the right lung was essentially normal. The application of reversed pulmonary blood flow is proposed in the surgical management of forms of congenital heart disease in which the right ventricle is diminutive. The procedure consists of repartitioning of the atria to allow venous blood to flow into the lung through the pulmonary veins and exit to the left atrium through the pulmonary artery.
The Social Function of Property in Brazilian Law

The idea that rights serve a social function was first introduced into Brazilian legal culture about a century ago. Although the concept is historically linked to the French scholar Leon Duguit, the Brazilian version is distinct and does not share these French origins. Twentieth-century Italian jurists Pietro Cogliolo and Enrico Cimbali, who both exerted overwhelming influence over the so-called “Renovators” of Brazilian Private Law, are primarily responsible for Brazil’s version.1 Unlike Duguit, Cogliolo and Cimbali construed the concept of a social function as a justification for imposing only external limits on the exercise of rights.2
Strong robustness in uncertain multivariable systems

A review is presented of the basis of the Horowitz quantitative feedback theory (QFT). It is shown that the basic assumptions of (QFT) have mathematical justification. However, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the QFT problem are presently not known. By reposing the QFT problem as an M-matrix design problem, it is possible to develop the desired existence conditions as well as simplify the design of the controllers which solve the QFT problem. Some preliminary results are presented and form the basis of ongoing work into the automation of the QFT design process. >
Bathymetric and geographic population structure in the pan-Atlantic deep-sea bivalve Deminucula atacellana (Schenck, 1939).

The deep-sea soft-sediment environment hosts a diverse and highly endemic fauna of uncertain origin. We know little about how this fauna evolved because geographic patterns of genetic variation, the essential information for inferring patterns of population differentiation and speciation are poorly understood. Using formalin-fixed specimens from archival collections, we quantify patterns of genetic variation in the protobranch bivalve Deminucula atacellana, a species widespread throughout the Atlantic Ocean at bathyal and abyssal depths. Samples were taken from 18 localities in the North American, West European and Argentine basins. A hypervariable region of mitochondrial 16S rDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced from 130 individuals revealing 21 haplotypes. Except for several important exceptions, haplotypes are unique to each basin. Overall gene diversity is high ( h = 0.73) with pronounced population structure (Φ ST = 0.877) and highly significant geographic associations ( P < 0.0001). Sequences cluster into four major clades corresponding to differences in geography and depth. Genetic divergence was much greater among populations at different depths within the same basin, than among those at similar depths but separated by thousands of kilometres. Isolation by distance probably explains much of the interbasin variation. Depth-related divergence may reflect historical patterns of colonization or strong environmental selective gradients. Broadly distributed deep-sea organisms can possess highly genetically divergent populations, despite the lack of any morphological divergence.
Light-induced cytochrome c redox reactions by a cell-free preparation of Anabaena cylindrica☆

Abstract The Anabaena preparation always oxidized cytochrome c in the light under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions if the added cytochrome c was even partially reduced. Light oxidation was always followed by a reduction in the following dark period. Amounts of cytochrome c reduced in the dark were far larger under anaerobic conditions ( 1 10 of chlorophyll a content in the reaction mixture) than under aerobic conditions ( 1 30 of chlorophyll a content). 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1′-dimethyl urea) inhibited the dark reduction only under aerobic conditions and with partially reduced cytochrome c. Benzyl viologen, flavine mononucleotide, and diquat suppressed the aerobic dark reduction but strongly stimulated the aerobic light oxidation. Anaerobic redox reaction was not affected by benzyl viologen. Phenazine methosulfate inhibited both aerobic and anaerobic redox reactions. Results were taken as evidence for the previously proposed hypothesis that the Anabaena preparation contains a large amount of a redox substance(s), tentatively named cytochrome c reducing substance (CRS), which mediates electron transfer from system 1 to oxidized cytochrome c.
NMR Spectroscopy: Learned and Delivered on the Internet

The NMR Collaborative Training Partnership is an NSF sponsored project that provides several nearby two-year and four-year institutions access to a 300-MHz FT-NMR. Using Web-based materials we teach students who do not have direct access to an instrument the basics of how an NMR spectrum is generated. We also have a Web server and remote software that allows students to generate real spectra from samples they have submitted to their instructor. In this way, students who do not have a local FT-NMR can gain experience with this important technique.
Synthesis of perazine

A novel synthesis of perazine (10-(4-methylpiperazinyl-3-propyl)phenothiazine), likely to be applicable to 10-dialkylaminopropyl phenothiazines generally, is described.
Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of α-and β-carotene from carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Carrots (Daucus carota L. var. Caro Pride) were extracted with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SFOC2) under various combinations of pressures and solvent modifiers at 40°C and analysed for their α- and β-carotene content by high pressure liquid chromatography. The SFCO2 extraction at 40°C and 60.6 MPa with 5% chloroform as modifier afforded 111.16 and 148.32 μg of α- and β-carotene per gram of dried carrot, respectively. Also, this method extracted 92.70% of the total carotenoids present in the dried carrots when compared to the solvent extraction using chloroform (100%). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perturbative analysis of higher-order photorefractive gratings in InP:Fe

Abstract Perturbative analysis is used to solve the material equations in InP:Fe (including both temperature and electron-hole effects under an applied dc field) for the second spatial harmonic of the electric space charge field and the correction term to the fundamental component.
Effect of vagotomy on gastric emptying

To determine whether pyloroplasty or a disrupted osmoreceptor mechanism is primarily responsible for the increased gastric emptying of hypertonic sugar solutions after vagotomy and pyloroplasty, test meals of 10% glucose (556 mOsm/kg) and NaCl (200 mOsm/kg) were administered to duodenal ulcer patients with no prior operation, after vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and in patients with prior vagotomy, hiatal herniorrhaphy, and no pyloroplasty. Hypertonic glucose meals were emptied more rapidly than normal after both operations. The hypotonic NaCl meal was emptied no faster postoperatively than it was preoperatively. The results rule out pyloroplasty as the primary factor responsible for the observed increased rate of gastric emptying. Instead, the data suggest that the osmoreceptor mechanism described by Hunt is disrupted by vagotomy.
The effects of hypertonic saline on spinal cord blood flow following compression injury.

7.5% hypertonic saline was administered following spinal cord injury to test its effect on spinal cord blood flow. Four different groups of rats underwent 10 minutes of spinal cord compression (45g) at the C3 to C5 levels. A fifth group was not injured, but received hypertonic saline (5 ml/kg) at 5, 15 and 60 minutes following injury. Somatosensory evoked potentials and spinal cord blood flow were measured prior to and for 4 hours following the injury. The administration of hypertonic saline caused a significant increase in flow when administered 5 minutes following injury. Topical nitroprusside administration did not cause any increase in spinal cord blood flow during this time period. Hypertonic saline administration at the later time periods did not increase spinal cord blood flow. The group of animals which were not injured, but received hypertonic saline also showed no significant change in flow. The somatosensory evoked response of the treated animals was maintained for 4 hours after the injury where as the untreated animals began to lose their evoked responses 3 hours after injury.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels During Qualitative Respirator Fit Testing

Abstract : Approved Occupational Safety and Health Administration qualitative respirator fit test methods require the use of a test hood about the subject's head and shoulders. Workers fit tested by this method have commented on the discomfort of being inside the test enclosure. This study was designed to quantify some parameters that might lead to these types of comments. For this study, subjects performed a series of four respirator fit tests. A quantitative and a qualitative fit test were performed with a full facepiece respirator. Then a quantitative and a qualitative fit test were performed with an N95 filtering facepiece respirator. Parameters measured include: subjects height, weight, and age, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, air temperature, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and Borg Ratio Scale value on breathing exertion. Carbon dioxide levels are significantly higher and oxygen levels are significantly lower in the respirator when the test hood is used during the qualitative fit test. The temperature inside the test hood rose an average 7.5 deg F in the course of the qualitative fit test of the N95 filtering facepiece device. These stressors are not present during a quantitative respirator fit test. Professionals conducting respirator fit tests should be aware of the physiological burdens that may occur during the qualitative respirator fit test. Some groups may be especially sensitive to this test such as the elderly, pregnant women, persons with pulmonary and/or cardiac disease, or persons with psychological disorders such as anxiety, panic disorders, or claustrophobia.
Plane shear waves under a periodic boundary disturbance in a saturated granular medium

Abstract We study an initial-boundary value problem for a fully nonlinear system which describes the propagation of plane shear waves in a three-dimensional soil, assuming a hypoplastic flow rule. This model was derived to study liquefaction of soils. For a periodic square-wave velocity disturbance on the boundary, the solution is found to saturate away from the boundary. We calculate the asymptotic state, in terms of the initial and boundary data. This formula exhibits fractal behavior as the shape of the square wave is varied. Our analysis is confirmed by numerical computations.
Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A: Part 4: Final Stages and Completion

A ten-year campaign was successfully completed by the first total synthesis of brevetoxin A (1). A Horner–Wittig type coupling of suitably functionalized BCDE and GHIJ ring systems proved to be the last key step in the total synthesis of this architecturally beautiful molecule.
Program of Psychotherapy for Inmates at the Montana State Prison

A program of psychotherapy provided by the Department of Psychology to inmates at the Montana State Prison is described. Graduate students are used as therapists in group and individual therapy sessions. About 25% of the prison population of 250 men is serviced by 2 graduate students who visit the institution twice a week and by 3 faculty consultants who participate in the program approximately once a month. Success of the program as measured by inmates' attendance at the voluntary meetings and by the perceived attitude change of the correctional officers toward the therapists indicates that the program is having a positive effect on the institution.
A feedback model for behavior: application to a rat experiment.

Stimulus-response laws can be rendered trivial when environmental feedback exists from R to S. An input quantity (qi), defined as the actual environmental quantity or event that leads to a response, is a function of both the applied stimulus (S) and the feedback from the related ongoing behavior (R): qi = h(R, S). The observed behavior is dependent on actual input stimulation via the organism function: R = g(qi). Hence R = g(h(R, S)), and not R = g(S). Analysis of a shock-avoidance experiment done by Verhave illustrates a method for taking environmental feedback effects into account; the resulting model fitted to the behavior of one rat predicts the behavior of another rat in an altered experiment with an RMS error of less than one bar-press per minute. Graphical solutions to a range of possible functions g and h (as above) show why this type of experiment reveals more about the experimental apparatus than about the rats. When environmental feedback is significant (and negative) one must characterize the organism's actions as behavioral control of stimulation and not stimulus control of behavior.
Foreign Policy and the South

In the decade 1938-48 the South * enjoyed an extraordinarily strategic advantage in the implementation of its traditional interest in foreign affairs. As Secretary of State, Cordell Hull from Tennessee, and subsequently James Byrnes from South Carolina were in the most influential administrative position to make national and southern policy nearly coincidental in international relations. Likewise in Congress, as long as there was a Democratic majority, the chairmanships of the key committees were held principally by southern leaders. In the Senate: George from Georgia and Connally from Texas in turn headed the Foreign Relations Committee 1941-46; Sheppard of Texas and Reynolds of North Carolina were chairmen of the Military Affairs Committee respectively 193841 and 1942-44. In the House: Vinson of Georgia was Chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee, and May of Kentucky, Chairman of the Military Affairs Committee, 1938-46; Sam McReynolds of Tennessee headed the Foreign Affairs Committee 194146. Because World War II dominated the whole decade, the Southerners had little opportunity or desire to capitalize upon their seniority in Congress or to inject the minor issues of sectior.alism into the major problems of internationalism. Hence, while they frequently deviated from the administration and the party line in domestic affairs, they were generally imbued with the patriotic spirit of corporate solidarity in matters of foreign policy. By their bloc voting-for neutrality, for repeal of the embargo, for lend-lease, for conscription, for war-they successively recorded the surge of popular sentiment from pacifism and neutrality to chauvinism and war. They were almost unanimous in their representation of the "Solid South", though in individual reactions there were such extreme variations as "Our Bob" Reynolds of North Carolina who in pre-war years was notorious for his isolationist and pro-axis views and Claude Pepper of Florida who in the post-war years
Transparency and non-refractive functions of crystallins: a proposal

Based on the premise that all crystallins have cellular and metabolically relevant catalytic activities, we propose that aberrant changes in non-crystallin (non-refractive) functions presage the appearance of cataractous pathologies in an otherwise highly stable edifice of transparency. This proposal is based on accumulating evidence from developmental, molecular and genetic studies that have established that crystallins are more than inanimate building blocks of the transparent lens fiber mass. The published work does not support the perceived dichotomy in the relevance of crystallin function (as essential) and non-crystallin function (as either of secondary importance or not essential at all), to the emergence and maintenance of the phenotype of transparency. A number of crystallin mutations have stage-specific phenotypes at developmental times when their concentrations have not reached 'crystallin' (high) proportions. There is heterogeneity in the cataract phenotypes associated with similar or identical mutations in different populations; the cataracts have disparate phenotypes even when the mutations are in the same gene. These data suggest that non-crystallin function is not merely a non-lens activity of a crystallin but an essential requirement within the lens itself.
148 LUNG FLUID IN HYPOXIC LAMBS

In newborn lambs, alveolar hypoxia for 3-6 h increases filtration pressure in the pulmonary microcirculation and drives fluid into the lungs: pulmonary lymph flow increases and the concentration of protein in lymph decreases (Circ Res 46:111, 1980). To be certain that the increased lymph flow was not simply the result of an acute release of fluid from the lungs, we assessed lung fluid balance in 4 unanesthetized lambs kept hypoxic for 12 h. We used radioactive albumin tracers to see if sustained hypoxia altered microvascular permeability to protein in the lungs. After a 2-4 h control period in air, the lambs breathed 10% O2 and 5% CO2. We measured pressures in the pulmonary artery (Ppa) and left atrium (Pla); lung blood flow (Qb) and lymph flow (Q1); and concentrations of protein in lymph (Lp) and plasma (Pp). During control and experimental periods, we injected 125I-albumin intravenously and determined the time at which specific activity in lymph reached 1/2 that in plasma (T½). Results (X ± sx; *p <.05): In all lambs, Ppa, Qb, and Q1 remained up for the duration of hypoxia; pulmonary vascular resistance increased 62 ± 4%; Lp was persistently low; and T½ did not change. We conclude that prolonged alveolar hypoxia causes a sustained increase in transvascular filtration of fluid into the lungs of lambs; hypoxia does not influence microvascular permeability to protein in the lungs.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9, a potential biological marker in invasive pituitary adenomas

Object We analyzed MMP-9 expression using mRNA and protein level determinations and explored the possibility that Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a potential biological marker of pituitary adenoma invasiveness and whether MMP-9 could be used to discriminate the extent of invasiveness among different hormonal subtypes, tumor sizes, growth characteristics, and primary versus recurrent tumors. Materials and methods 73 pituitary tumor specimens were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after surgical resection. RNA and protein were extracted. MMP-9 mRNA transcripts were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. MMP-9 protein activity was analyzed by gelatin zymography and validated by western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the presence and localization of MMP-9 in pituitary adenomas. Statistical differences between results were determined using Student’s t-test or one way ANOVA. Results Comparing different hormonal subtypes of noninvasive and invasive pituitary tumors, MMP-9 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the majority of invasive adenomas. Considering the protein levels, our data also showed a significant increase in MMP-9 activity in the majority of invasive adenomas and these differences were confirmed by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In addition, consistent differences in MMP-9 expression levels were found according to tumor subtype, tumor size, tumor extension and primary versus redo-surgery. Conclusions MMP-9 expression can consistently distinguish invasive pituitary tumors from noninvasive pituitary tumors and would reflect the extent of invasiveness in pituitary tumors according to tumor subtype, size, tumor extension, primary and redo surgery, even at early stages of invasiveness. MMP-9 may be considered a potential biomarker to determine and predict the invasive nature of pituitary tumors.
Determination of lincomycin residues in salmon tissues by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection

A sensitive method for the determination of lincomycin residues in fish tissues is described. Lincomycin was extracted from fish tissues with phosphate buffer (pH 4.5). The extract was concentrated with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge and further cleaned up by solvent extraction. Lincomycin was derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide to form a trimethylsilyl derivative before being analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Coumaphos was used as the internal standard. Assays showed good linearity in the range 25–250 ppb (ng/g) (r = 0.9994). Recoveries of fortified lincomycin at 50, 100 and 200 ppb were >80% with relative standard deviation <6%. The limit of detection of the method was 1.7 ppb and the limit of quantitation was 3.8 ppb.
Prehospital electrocardiographic manifestations of acute myocardial ischemia independently predict adverse hospital outcomes.

Abstract Background Prehospital electrocardiography (PH ECG) is becoming the standard of care for patients activating Emergency Medical Services for symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Little is known about the prognostic value of ischemia found on PH ECG. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether manifestations of acute myocardial ischemia on PH ECG are predictive of adverse hospital outcomes. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of all PH ECGs recorded in 630 patients who called 911 for symptoms of ACS and were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. ST-segment monitoring software was added to the PH ECG device with automatic storage and transmission of ECGs to the destination Emergency Department. Patient medical records were reviewed for adverse hospital outcomes. Results In 630 patients who called 911 for ACS symptoms, 270 (42.9%) had PH ECG evidence of ischemia. Overall, 37% of patients with PH ECG ischemia had adverse hospital outcomes compared with 27% of patients without PH ECG ischemia ( p p Conclusions Evidence of ischemia on PH ECG is an independent predictor of adverse hospital outcomes. ST-segment monitoring in the prehospital setting can identify high-risk patients with symptoms of ACS and provide important prognostic information at presentation to the Emergency Department.
Lead time uncertainty with back-ordering in multi-level product structures

Abstract The performance of lot sizing algorithms incorporating back-orders is evaluated and compared with several of the traditional lot sizing rules. This comparison is undertaken for a multi-level product structure environment operating under a rolling horizon in the presence of lead time uncertainty. By means of simulation, the impact of a variety of lead time scenarios, product structures and cost parameters on lot sizing is examined. It is shown that unlike in the deterministic environment, the back-ordering algorithms can yield superior performance in an uncertain environment.
ISSUES IN MONITORING MEDICATION EFFECTS IN THE CLASSROOM

The task of medication monitoring in the schools has increased for school psychologists, yet there is little research specific to pediatric psychoactive medication. The current article reviews issues pertinent to school-based medication monitoring. Feasibility, acceptability, and perception of effectiveness are reviewed as fundamental considerations before implementing a medication-monitoring plan in the schools. The importance of individualization, ecological implementation, and development of socially valid objectives is stressed along with the need for additional research, tools, and measures in this area. Practical considerations for school psychologists include discussion of parental consent and confidentiality, multilevel assessment and monitoring, data recording, and determining clinical significance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic amendments direct grass population dynamics in a landfill prairie restoration

Abstract This study examined the effects of amendment application methods on the establishment and growth of prairie grass in a landfill remediation. Amendment treatments included three application rates [control, low (765 g m −2 ), and high (1530 g m −2 )] of a wood chip amendment at two different application depths [surface-applied and incorporated]. Grass populations were monitored for 2 years after seeding to assess differences to seasonal precipitation patterns. Initially, total basal area (cm 2 m −2 ) and tiller density (tillers m −2 ) were greater in the surface treatments, but seed burial may have reduced establishment in the incorporated treatments. The application rate required to improve the initial grass response differed by depth: the low rate was superior in the surface treatments, but when incorporated only the higher application rate improved establishment. Over the 2004 season, tiller density increased in the surface treatments, but not in the incorporated, following the seasonal drought. In contrast, the incorporated treatments experienced a smaller reduction in tillers during the more severe drought conditions of 2005. These results suggest that a moderate application rate of surface-applied amendment is sufficient for aiding the development of the grass portion of the restored community and the extra effort associated with incorporation is not justified.
Development of a Teaching Laboratory for Electric Energy Storage Systems

Several universities and colleges recently have offered courses and certificate programs for training students and returning engineers in advanced energy storage, particularly in electric energy storage technology. However, few integrated advanced energy storage laboratories have been established for educational purposes. This paper presents the design, development and implementation of an interactive and computer-controlled test system for four different electric energy storage devices (electro-mechanical flywheel, electro-chemical batteries, supercapacitor and pumped hydroelectric) that serve as a teaching-aid. These units provide hands-on experience for students with multidisciplinary backgrounds who are enrolled in the advanced energy storage courses. The developed teaching-aid not only enhances the advanced energy storage training and education, but also inspires students’ interest in the green movement of renewable energy.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Decoupling eye and hand movement control: Visual short-term memory influences reach planning more than saccade planning

When reaching for objects, humans make saccades to fixate the object at or near the time the hand begins to move. In order to address whether the CNS relies on a common representation of target positions to plan both saccades and hand movements, we quantified the contributions of visual short-term memory (VSTM) to hand and eye movements executed during the same coordinated actions. Subjects performed a sequential movement task in which they picked up one of two objects on the right side of a virtual display (the "weapon"), moved it to the left side of the display (to a "reloading station") and then moved it back to the right side to hit the other object (the target). On some trials, the target was perturbed by 1° of visual angle while subjects moved the weapon to the reloading station. Although subjects did not notice the change, the original position of the target, encoded in VSTM, influenced the motor plans for both the hand and the eye back to the target. Memory influenced motor plans for distant targets more than for near targets, indicating that sensorimotor planning is sensitive to the reliability of available information; however, memory had a larger influence on hand movements than on eye movements. This suggests that spatial planning for coordinated saccades and hand movements are dissociated at the level of processing at which online visual information is integrated with information in short-term memory.
Nurse-patient interaction in the home setting.

Nurses' interactive behaviors with perinatal patients in the home setting, as well as nurse-patient perceptions of home visits were examined. Data were obtained from 18 public health nurses and 55 perinatal patients. Results based on Bales's interaction process analysis revealed that 53.8 percent of the nurses' visits were related to asking for or giving information, while only 7.9 percent were categorized as friendly. Patients, however, perceived the nurses as friendly to them and others present. Although other differences in perceptions did emerge between nurses and patients, both groups were uncertain whether they had agreed on goals to work toward, which suggests the need for consumer involvement in the nursing process.
Ethnicity, trust, and acceptance of authority among police officers

Abstract This article examines the factors that influence the willingness of police officers to comply with decisions made by police command staff. In particular, this research focuses on the extent to which officer ethnicity interacts with perceptions of procedural justice in influencing officer compliance. The data for this study were drawn from an anonymous mailed survey (n = 648) examining officer attitudes toward the complaint investigation process in one large municipal police department. Structural equation modeling demonstrates that ethnicity does influence officer compliance, but only weakly and indirectly. Latino/a officers are less likely to report trust in police internal affairs than White officers, and thus somewhat less likely report that they are willing to comply with command staff decisions. Other factors, such as morale, perceptions of procedural justice, and rank, prove to be much more powerful predictors of officer compliance than ethnicity.
Comparison of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in professional baseball players versus professional football players.

In 2006, a newspaper report indicated an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and early mortality in retired professional football players compared to professional baseball players. This study included 69 professional football players from a 2008 National Football League training camp and 155 professional baseball players from an American League 2009 spring training site who volunteered to participate in a study of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 , waist circumference ≥100 cm, waist/height ratio >0.5, blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio >3.5, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dl, and alanine aminotransferase ≥40 IU/L was determined in baseball players and compared to measurements obtained in a matched cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), professional football players, and linemen and nonlinemen subsets. In conclusion, professional baseball players had favorable cardiovascular parameters, with the exception of an increased prevalence of hypertension, compared to the reference population, and professional baseball players had decreased measures of obesity, hyperglycemia, and the cardiometabolic syndrome compared to professional football lineman.
Physical therapy outcomes for persons with bilateral vestibular loss.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of physical therapy for patients with bilateral vestibular loss. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Twenty-four patients with a diagnosis of bilateral vestibular loss were identified by a retrospective chart review. Thirteen of the 24 patients met the inclusion criteria of having a moderate or greater loss of vestibular function bilaterally as rated by an otoneurologist based on the patient's vestibular function tests. These patients were treated with a custom-designed physical therapy program for a mean of 4.6 visits over an average period of 3.8 months. Patients completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale at initial evaluation and discharge. Patients were asked to perform the balance and gait tasks of the Dynamic Gait Index, Sensory Organization Test of computerized dynamic posturography, and the Timed Up and Go test at their first and last physical therapy sessions. The number of falls in the previous 4 weeks and the use of an assistive device at initial evaluation and discharge were reported. Composite score, an overall score of clinical outcome, was calculated to determine clinically significant changes in physical performance and subjective information. Results: On a population basis, statistically significant improvement was observed after physical therapy for each of the outcome measures including the composite score (P <.05). Clinically significant changes were demonstrated by 33% to 55% of the patients on the various outcome measures. No change was noted in the patients' risk of falling, their number of falls, and the use of assistive devices. Conclusion: Many patients with bilateral vestibular loss benefit from an individualized vestibular physical therapy exercise program based on improved physical function and reduced self-perceived levels of handicap.
The intramembrane structure of tight junctions: An experimental analysis of the single-fibril and two-fibril models using the quick-freeze method

A number of models have been proposed to explain the organization of intramembrane fibrils at tight junctions. These include (1) the two-fibril model of Chalcroft and Bullivant, (2) a later revision of this model by Bullivant (the offset two-fibril model), (3) Staehelin's model (similar to the two-fibril model, but it implies a different interpretation of the fracture faces), and (4) the single-fibril model of Wade and Karnovsky. Studies of these models using conventional freeze-fracture and the complementary replica methods have not been conclusive. In an attempt to determine which model holds in vivo, we have utilized the quick-freeze, freeze-fracture method. Tight junctions between hepatocytes were split by perfusion with hypertonic saline, or by incubation in Ca-free EGTA saline. The tissue was then fixed, quick frozen, freeze fractured, deep etched, and rotary shadowed. Thus both the true surface and fracture faces of tight junctions could be viewed stereoscopically by tilting the replicas. Control specimens were simply fixed and prepared as above for viewing without splitting of the tight junctions. On the P faces of split tight junction preparations the strands were discontinuous and particulated. They clearly retained the height of the control P face strands, however, and they were as high or slightly higher than the true surface gentle ridges with which they seemed to correspond. No lines of prominent bumps or defects were observed on top of the true surface ridges. In a second approach fresh liver was quick frozen without fixation or cryoprotection; these samples were then freeze fractured and unidirectionally shadowed. Stereoscopic examination of the replicas revealed a network of broad linear elevations and intervening valleys on the P face, with shallow grooves running along the top of the linear elevations. Occasionally these grooves were interrupted by elevated particles left behind during fracture, and the grooves sometimes even became inverted into P face strands, especially near a transition of the fracture plane from P face to E face. Examination of the E face of unfixed specimens revealed a network of particulated strands. The occasional particles and strands of the P face were clearly lower than the strands on the E face. These data support the offset two-fibril model of Bullivant.
Modified Ultrafiltration in Children

Pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in increased total body water and capillary permeability. Ultrafiltration has been effective in removing this excess water. The con ventional method of ultrafiltration is restricted by the vol ume in the venous reservoir and therefore is inefficient in smaller children and neonates, whose blood volume is dis proportionately smaller than the circuit volume. Modified ultrafiltration, performed in the immediate post-CPB period, is more effective in these patients. Blood from the aorta is pumped through the ultrafilter, and warm concentrated blood is returned to the right atrium. This removes excess water from the patient and provides a method of salvaging volume from the circuit. Modified ultrafiltration results in consistent improvements in systolic blood pressure, cardiac index, and lung compliance, as well as a reduction in pul monary vascular resistance. Removal of various inflamma tory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor a, interleu kin-6, and interieu...
Risk of rectal cancer in patients after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis: a function of available surgical options.

PURPOSE: One of the concerns with colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis as a prophylactic procedure for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis is the risk of metachronous rectal cancer, estimated at from 12 to 43 percent. These estimates are based largely on surgeries performed at a time when the only alternative option to ileorectal anastomosis for patients with severe familial adenomatous polyposis was proctocolectomy and ileostomy. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that in the pouch era severe polyposis is now treated by proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ileorectal anastomosis is performed mostly in mildly affected patients and will therefore carry a very low risk of metachronous rectal cancer. METHODS: Patients undergoing primary prophylactic surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis between 1950 and 1999 were categorized according to the year of their surgery: prepouch era (before 1983) or pouch era (after 1983). Patients undergoing colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis were the focus of the study, and rate of proctectomy and the incidence of rectal cancer were recorded for each group. Data on the severity of the polyposis for each group were abstracted. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients underwent ileorectal anastomosis, 62 in the prepouch era (median follow-up, 212 months; interquartile range, 148 months) and 135 in the pouch era (median follow-up, 60 months; interquartile range, 80 months). Patients in the prepouch era came to surgery at the same median age as those in the pouch era (median age 23.0 years, interquartile ranges 15.5 years for prepouch and 17 years for pouch). Similar proportions of patients in the prepouch era had severe polyposis (49 percent) as in the pouch era (44 percent), although all severely affected patients had an ileorectal anastomosis in the prepouch era vs. 39 percent in the pouch era. Twenty (32 percent) prepouch-era patients underwent proctectomy compared with three (2 percent) pouch-era patients. No pouch-era patient had rectal cancer on follow-up; eight (12.9 percent) prepouch-era patients did. CONCLUSION: Although follow-up is shorter, ileorectal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis performed since 1983 carries a much lower rate of rectal cancer and proctectomy than ileorectal anastomosis performed before this time, when restorative proctocolectomy was not an option. This is related, at least in part, to a greater number of patients with severe polyposis having their rectum initially spared.
Safety of reusing cardiac electrophysiology catheters

Abstract Although reprocessing and reusage of electrode catheters is common among institutions performing electrophysiologic studies, the results of this study indicate that the potential for chemical residual contamination may exist after resterilization with ethylene oxide. These results, obtained with frequently used sterilization techniques, provide an objective basis to recommend that laboratories reusing electrode catheters establish and implement a validation protocol for catheter reprocessing. Based on analysis of the data acquired with our reusage protocol, it is the current policy of the Clinical Electrophysiology Laboratory at Barnes Hospital to use electrode catheters only once.
Three-dimensional vascular reconstruction using an image-intensifier-based CT scanner: simulation results

A detection-estintation method is introduced for use in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) . The method allows three dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the vasculature by an image intensifier-based volume irnager using few subtracted projections. In the first step several 2-D projections are processed by vascular segmentation algorithms to define binary vasculature envelopes. In the second step a " logical" backprojection algorithm defines the 3-D binary envelope of the vasculature. The gray levels of the voxels within the 3-D envelope are then estimated by a constrained algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) to refine the vessel boundaries. Results of the reconstruction of an aluminum structure specially designed to test vascular reconstruction algorithms are presented. 1.